Assertion: renin | /r/HasProperty | controlled by four factors
Facets:
Source sentences:
text: Renin is an enzyme produced primarily by the juxtaglomerular apparatus of the kidney and its release is the rate-limiting step in the regulation of the RAS (19, 20); it is controlled by four factors: (1) the macula densa comprises chemoreceptors for monitoring the sodium and chloride loads present in the distal tubule, (2) juxtaglomerular cells acting as pressure transducers that sense stretch of the afferent arteriolar wall and thus renal perfusion pressure, (3) the sympathetic nervous system (SNS), which increases the release of renin, particularly in response to upright posture, in addition to (4) inhibiting factors, including K+, Ca++, angiotensin II, and atrial natriuretic peptides (19).