Assertion: helplessness's effect | /r/HasProperty | hollander
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text: Findings include negative health effects on students’ blood pressure and cardiovascular health (Cohen, Evans, Krantz, & Stokols, 1980; Cohen, Evans, Stokols, & Krantz, 1986; Evans, Hygge, & Bullinger, 1995), reduced motivation and increased learned helplessness (Cohen et al., 1980; Cohen, Evans, Krantz, & Stokols, 1981; Cohen et al., 1986; Bullinger et al., 1999 as cited in Evans, 2006), psychological problems (Stansfeld et al., 2009), negative effects on cognitive abilities and auditory language processing abilities (Hollander & de Andrade, 2013; Hygge, 2003), and lower academic achievement as measured by math and reading scores (Bronzaft & McCarthy, 1975; Evans & Maxwell, 1997; Hygge, Evans, & Bullinger, 2002; Green, Pasternak, & Shore, 1982; Lukas, Dupree, & Swing, 1981; Pujol et al., 2014; Stansfeld et al., 2005).