Assertion: helplessness's effect | /r/CapableOf | last twenty-four hours
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text: Although Overmier and Seligman 1967 reported that the proactive effects seemed only temporary, lasting twenty-four hours (a report that led Weiss, et al. 1970 to a particular noradrenergic account and criticism), Overmier and Seligman already had data that indicated that the effects lasted longer (more than a week) if one used “failure of avoidance behavior” rather than “failure of escape behavior” as the behavioral criterion for learned helplessness (see Overmier, et al. 1980 , p. 11).