Assertion: nonphotosynthetic dinoflagellate | /r/MadeOf | alternative cytosolic pathways
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text: Three distantly related, fundamentally nonphotosynthetic dinoflagellates, Noctiluca, Oxyrrhis, and Dinophysis, contain cryptic plastidial metabolisms and lack alternative cytosolic pathways, suggesting that all free-living dinoflagellates are metabolically dependent on plastids.