Assertion: apostle's doctrine | /r/CapableOf | prevent this problem
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text: but since in Islam (and Abrahamic faiths in general) divine revelation (the Quran and Sunnah) is transmitted by human beings -- normally subject to error, weakness, frailty -- the doctrine of ʿiṣmah prevents this problem, and beecame "mainstream Sunni doctrine" by the ninth century CE.