Assertion: battle | /r/HasProperty | may–july 657 ce
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text: Battle of Ṣiffīn, (May–July 657 ce), series of negotiations and skirmishes during the first Muslim civil war (fitnah; 656–661), ending in the arbitration of Adhruḥ (February 658–January 659), which undermined the authority of ʿAlī as fourth caliph and prepared for the establishment of the Umayyad dynasty.