Assertion: alkaloid | /r/HasProperty | hassan et al.
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text: Kratom contains more than 40 alkaloids with varying affinity and activity at opioid receptors (Adkins, Boyer, & McCurdy, 2011 ; Brown, Lund, & Murch, 2017 ; Hassan et al., 2013 ; Kruegel et al., 2016 ; Takayama, 2004 ) and is commonly used for the self‐medication of opioid dependence and withdrawal, the management of chronic pain and mood disorders or as substitute for heroin or prescription opioids (Grundmann, 2017 ; Singh et al., 2016 ; Smith & Lawson, 2017 ).