  The nitrogen (N2) reduction reaction (NRR) is an eco-friendly alternative to
the Haber-Bosch process to produce ammonia (NH3) with high sustainability.
However, the significant magnitude of uphill energies in the multi-step NRR
pathways is a bottleneck of its serial reactions. Herein, the concept of a
parallelized reaction is proposed to actively promote NH3 production via the
NRR using a multi-phase vanadium oxide-nitride (V2O3/VN) hybrid system. Density
functional theory calculations revealed that the V2O3/VN junction parallelizes
NRR pathways by exchanging intermediate N2H4* and NH2* products to avoid
massive uphill energies towards final NH3 generation. Such an exchange is
driven by the difference in coverage of the two species. The impact of the
reaction parallelization strategy for multi-step nitrogen reduction is
demonstrated with the V2O3/VN junction by an increased ammonia yield rate of
18.36 micro mol h^-1 cm^-2 and a Faraday efficiency (FE) of 26.62% at -0.3 V
versus a reversible hydrogen electrode in a 0.1 M aqueous KOH electrolyte, of
which FE value exhibits 16.95 times and 6.22 times higher than that of
single-phase V2O3 and VN, respectively. The introduction of multi-phase
oxides/nitrides into a transition metal-based electrocatalyst can thus be a
promising approach to realizing an alternative method for N2 fixation.
