  The fast growth of distributed energy resources (DERs), such as distributed
renewables (e.g., rooftop PV panels), energy storage systems, electric
vehicles, and controllable appliances, drives the power system toward a
decentralized system with bidirectional power flow. The coordination of DERs
through an aggregator, such as a utility, system operator, or a third-party
coordinator, emerges as a promising paradigm. However, it is not well
understood how to enable trust between the aggregator and DERs to integrate
DERs efficiently. In this paper, we develop a trustable and distributed
coordination system for DERs using blockchain technology. We model various DERs
and formulate a cost minimization problem for DERs to optimize their energy
trading, scheduling, and demand response. We use the alternating direction
method of multipliers (ADMM) to solve the problem in a distributed fashion. To
implement the distributed algorithm in a trustable way, we design a smart
contract to update multipliers and communicate with DERs in a blockchain
network. We validate our design by experiments using real-world data, and the
simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of our algorithm.
