  The telecommunication networks have become an indispensable part of our
everyday life, providing support for such important areas as business,
education, health care, finances, entertainment and social life. Alongside
their continuous and uninterrupted operation is required while numerous new
threats and attack scenarios emerge. The international security organisations
warn against increasing likelihood of nuclear weapon or electro-magnetic pulse
(EMP) attacks, which can be extremely harmful also for transport networks. On
that background, we study efficient design of network resilient to EMP attack
wherein the required protection level is provided by the application of
multipath routing and military grade bunkers (advanced electro-magnetic
radiation resilient approaches protecting whole network node) implementation.
Formally, we define and study problem of bunkers location, routing and spectrum
allocation (BLRSA) in elastic optical network (EON). In the problem objective
we address two criteria - network resilience (measured by the average lost flow
per potential attack) and spectrum usage. For that problem we propose integer
linear programming (ILP) model and two dedicated heuristics - 1S-RSA and
2S-RSA. Then, we perform extensive numerical experiments divided into three
parts: (i) tuning of the proposed approaches, (ii) comparison with reference
methods, (iii) realistic case study - efficient EMP-resilient network design.
In the case study we analyze benefits and costs of the proposed protection
scheme. Moreover, we also analyze vulnerabilities of three realistic network
topologies to EMP attacks and identify their critical nodes. The investigation
proves high efficiency of the proposed approaches and shows that they allow to
save up to 90% of traffic lost in the case of no protection against these types
of attacks.
