  Extreme states of matter exist throughout the universe e.g. inside planetary
cores, stars or astrophysical jets. Such conditions are generated in the
laboratory in the interaction of powerful lasers with solids, and their
evolution can be probed with femtosecond precision using ultra-short X-ray
pulses to study laboratory astrophysics, laser-fusion research or compact
particle acceleration. X-ray scattering (SAXS) patterns and their asymmetries
occurring at X-ray energies of atomic bound-bound transitions contain
information on the volumetric nanoscopic distribution of density, ionization
and temperature. Buried heavy ion structures in high intensity laser irradiated
solids expand on the nanometer scale following heat diffusion, and are heated
to more than 2 million Kelvin. These experiments demonstrate resonant SAXS with
the aim to better characterize dynamic processes in extreme laboratory plasmas.
