  This paper proposes a deep learning-based method to identify the segments of
a clinical note corresponding to ICD-9 broad categories which are further
color-coded with respect to 17 ICD-9 categories. The proposed Medical Segment
Colorer (MSC) architecture is a pipeline framework that works in three stages:
(1) word categorization, (2) phrase allocation, and (3) document
classification. MSC uses gated recurrent unit neural networks (GRUs) to map
from an input document to word multi-labels to phrase allocations, and uses
statistical median to map phrase allocation to document multi-label. We compute
variable length segment coloring from overlapping phrase allocation
probabilities. These cross-level bidirectional contextual links identify
adaptive context and then produce segment coloring. We train and evaluate MSC
using the document labeled MIMIC-III clinical notes. Training is conducted
solely using document multi-labels without any information on phrases,
segments, or words. In addition to coloring a clinical note, MSC generates as
byproducts document multi-labeling and word tagging -- creation of ICD9
category keyword lists based on segment coloring. Performance comparison of MSC
byproduct document multi-labels versus methods whose purpose is to produce
justifiable document multi-labels is 64% vs 52.4% micro-average F1-score
against the CAML (CNN attention multi label) method. For evaluation of MSC
segment coloring results, medical practitioners independently assigned the
colors to broad ICD9 categories given a sample of 40 colored notes and a sample
of 50 words related to each category based on the word tags. Binary scoring of
this evaluation has a median value of 83.3% and mean of 63.7%.
