  All light has structure, but only recently it has become possible to
construct highly controllable and precise potentials so that most laboratories
can harness light for their specific applications. In this chapter, we review
the emerging techniques for high-resolution and configurable optical trapping
of ultracold atoms. We focus on optical deflectors and spatial light modulators
in the Fourier and direct imaging configurations. These optical techniques have
enabled significant progress in studies of superfluid dynamics, single-atom
trapping, and underlie the emerging field of atomtronics. The chapter is
intended as a complete guide to the experimentalist for understanding,
selecting, and implementing the most appropriate optical trapping technology
for a given application. After introducing the basic theory of optical trapping
and image formation, we describe each of the above technologies in detail,
providing a guide to the fundamental operation of optical deflectors, digital
micromirror devices, and liquid crystal spatial light modulators. We also
describe the capabilities of these technologies for manipulation of trapped
ultracold atoms, where the potential is dynamically modified to enable
experiments, and where time-averaged potentials can realise more complex traps.
The key considerations when implementing time-averaged traps are described.
