  We are entering a new "data everywhere-anytime" era that pivots us from being
tracked online to continuous tracking as we move through our everyday lives. We
have smart devices in our homes, on our bodies, and around our communities that
collect data that is used to guide decisions that have a major impact on our
lives - from loans to job interviews and judicial rulings to health care
interventions. We create a lot of data, but who owns that data? How is it
shared? How will it be used? While the average person does not have a good
understanding of how the data is being used, they know that it carries risks
for them and society.
  Although some people may believe they own their data, in reality, the problem
of understanding the myriad ways in which data is collected, shared, and used,
and the consequences of these uses is so complex that only a few people want to
manage their data themselves. Furthermore, much of the value in the data cannot
be extracted by individuals alone, as it lies in the connections and insights
garnered from (1) one's own personal data (is your fitness improving? Is your
home more energy efficient than the average home of this size?) and (2) one's
relationship with larger groups (demographic group voting blocks; friend
network influence on purchasing). But sometimes these insights have unintended
consequences for the person generating the data, especially in terms of loss of
privacy, unfairness, inappropriate inferences, information bias, manipulation,
and discrimination. There are also societal impacts, such as effects on speech
freedoms, political manipulation, and amplified harms to weakened and
underrepresented communities. To this end, we look at major questions that
policymakers should ask and things to consider when addressing these data
ownership concerns.
