  Tis paper is a literature review focusing on human capital, skills of
employees, demographic change, management, training and their impact on
productivity growth. Intrafirm behaviour has been recognized as a potentially
important driver for productivity. Results from surveys show that management
practices have become more structured, in the sense of involving more data
collection and analysis. Furthermore, a strong positive correlation between the
measured management quality and firm performance can be observed. Studies
suggest that there is a positive association between management score and
productivity growth. The lack or low level of employees' skills and
qualifications might be in different ways a possible explanation for the
observed slowdown of productivity growth. The main reason for the decline in
skilled labor is the demographic change. Construction sectors are increasingly
affected by demographic developments. Labour reserves in construction are
largely exhausted. Shortage of qualified workforce is impacting project cost,
schedules and quality.
