  We study the inclusive production of bottom-flavored hadrons from
semileptonic decays of polarized top quarks at next-to-leading order in QCD
using fragmentation functions recently determined from a global fit to $e^+e^-$
data. We provide the relevant differential decay widths at parton level in
analytic form. These results fill an important gap in the theoretical
interpretation of recent measurements of the top-quark polarization and the
$t\bar{t}$ spin correlations using dilepton final states in proton-proton
collisions at the CERN Large Hadron Collider. As an illustration, we study the
distributions in the scaled bottom-hadron energy of the polarized-top-quark
decay widths for different $W$-boson helicities.
