  The American Multimodal Energy System (AMES)is a systems-of-systems comprised
of four separate but interdependent infrastructure systems: the electric grid,
the natural gas system, the oil system, and the coal system. Their
interdependence creates the need to better understand the underlying
architecture in order to pursue a more sustainable, resilient and accessible
energy system. Collectively, these requirements necessitate a sustainable
energy transition that constitute a change in the AMES' instantiated
architecture; although it leaves its reference architecture largely unchanged.
Consequently, from a model-based systems engineering perspective, identifying
the underlying reference architecture becomes a high priority. This paper
defines a reference architecture for the AMES and its four component energy
infrastructures in a single SysML model. The architecture includes (allocated)
block definition and activity diagrams for each infrastructure. The reference
architecture was developed from the S&P Global Platts (GIS) map data pro data
set and the EIA Annual Energy Outlook dataset.
