  The possibility of detection of 5.5 MeV and 14.4 keV solar axions by
observing axion induced nuclear and atomic transitions is investigated. The
presence of nuclear transitions between spin orbit partners can be manifested
by the subsequent de-excitation via gamma ray emissions. The transition rates
can also be studied in the context of radiative axion absorption by a nucleus.
The elementary interaction is obtained in the context of the axion-quark
couplings predicted by existing axion models. Then these couplings will be
transformed to the nucleon level utilizing reasonable existing models, which
lead to effective transition operators. Using these operators we calculate the
needed nuclear matrix elements employing wave functions obtained in the context
of the nuclear shell model. With these ingredients we discuss possibilities of
experimental observation of the axion-induced nuclear gamma-rays. In the second
part we will examine the axion induced production of X-rays (axion-photon
conversion) or ionization from deeply bound electron orbits. In this case the
axion electron coupling is predicted by existing axion models, no
renormalization is needed. The experimental signal is the observation of
directly produced electrons and/or the emission of hard X-rays and Auger
electrons, following the de-excitation of the final atom. Critical discussion
is made on the experimental feasibility of detecting the solar axions by using
multi-ton scale NaI detectors.
