  The number of cyber attacks has increased tremendously in the last few years.
This resulted into both human and financial losses at the individual and
organization levels. Recently, cyber-criminals are leveraging new skills and
capabilities by employing anti-forensics activities, techniques and tools to
cover their tracks and evade any possible detection. Consequently,
cyber-attacks are becoming more efficient and more sophisticated. Therefore,
traditional cryptographic and non-cryptographic solutions and access control
systems are no longer enough to prevent such cyber attacks, especially in terms
of acquiring evidence for attack investigation. Hence, the need for
well-defined, sophisticated, and advanced forensics investigation tools are
highly required to track down cyber criminals and to reduce the number of cyber
crimes. This paper reviews the different forensics and anti-forensics methods,
tools, techniques, types, and challenges, while also discussing the rise of the
anti-anti-forensics as a new forensics protection mechanism against
anti-forensics activities. This would help forensics investigators to better
understand the different anti-forensics tools, methods and techniques that
cyber criminals employ while launching their attacks. Moreover, the limitations
of the current forensics techniques are discussed, especially in terms of
issues and challenges. Finally, this paper presents a holistic view from a
literature point of view over the forensics domain and also helps other fellow
colleagues in their quest to further understand the digital forensics domain.
