  Low-Power Wide-Area Network (LPWAN) is an enabling Internet-of-Things (IoT)
technology that supports long-range, low-power, and low-cost connectivity to
numerous devices. To avoid the crowd in the limited ISM band (where most LPWANs
operate) and cost of licensed band, the recently proposed SNOW (Sensor Network
over White Spaces) is a promising LPWAN platform that operates over the TV
white spaces. As it is a very recent technology and is still in its infancy,
the current SNOW implementation uses the USRP devices as LPWAN nodes, which has
high costs (~$750 USD per device) and large form-factors, hindering its
applicability in practical deployment. In this paper, we implement SNOW using
low-cost, low form-factor, low-power, and widely available commercial
off-the-shelf (COTS) devices to enable its practical and large-scale
deployment. Our choice of the COTS device (TI CC13x0: CC1310 or CC1350)
consequently brings down the cost and form-factor of a SNOW node by 25x and
10x, respectively. Such implementation of SNOW on the CC13x0 devices, however,
faces a number of challenges to enable link reliability and communication
range. Our implementation addresses these challenges by handling
peak-to-average power ratio problem, channel state information estimation,
carrier frequency offset estimation, and near-far power problem. Our deployment
in the city of Detroit, Michigan demonstrates that CC13x0-based SNOW can
achieve uplink and downlink throughputs of 11.2kbps and 4.8kbps per node,
respectively, over a distance of 1km. Also, the overall throughput in the
uplink increases linearly with the increase in the number of SNOW nodes.
