  In September 2020, President Xi Jinping announced that China strives to
achieve carbon neutrality before 2060. This ambitious and bold commitment was
well received by the global community. However, the technology and pathway are
not so clear. Here, we conducted an extensive review covering more than 200
published papers and summarized the key technologies to achieve carbon
neutrality. We projected sectoral CO2 emissions for 2020-2050 based on our
previous studies and published scenarios. We applied a medium sink scenario for
terrestrial sinks due to the potential resource competition and included an
ocean sink, which has generally not been included in previous estimates. We
analyzed and revisited China's historical terrestrial carbon sink capacity from
1980-2020 based on multiple models and a literature review. To achieve
neutrality, it is necessary to increase sink capacity and decrease emissions
from many sources. On the one hand, critical measures to reduce emissions
include decreasing the use of fossil fuels; substantially increasing the
proportion of the renewable energy and nuclear energy. On the other hand, the
capacity of future carbon sinks is projected to decrease due to the natural
evolution of terrestrial ecosystems, and anthropogenic management practices are
needed to increase sink capacity, including increasing the forest sinks through
national ecological restoration projects and large-scale land greening
campaigns; increasing wood harvesting and storage; and developing CCUS. This
paper provides basic source and sink data,and established and promising new
technologies for decreasing emissions and increasing sinks for use by the
scientific community and policy makers.
