  Travellers in autonomous vehicles (AVs) need not to walk to the destination
any more after parking like those in conventional human-driven vehicles (HVs).
Instead, they can drop off directly at the destination and AVs can cruise for
parking autonomously. It is a revolutionary change that such parking autonomy
of AVs may increase the potential parking span substantially and affect the
spatial parking equilibrium. Given this, from urban planners' perspective, it
is of great necessity to reconsider the planning of parking supply along the
city. To this end, this paper is the first to examine the spatial parking
equilibrium considering the mix of AVs and HVs with parking cruising effect. It
is found that the equilibrium solution of travellers' parking location choices
can be biased due to the ignorance of cruising effects. On top of that, the
optimal parking span of AVs at given parking supply should be no less than that
at equilibrium. Besides, the optimal parking planning to minimize the total
parking cost is also explored in a bi-level parking planning design problem
(PPDP). While the optimal differentiated pricing allows the system to achieve
optimal parking distribution, this study suggests that it is beneficial to
encourage AVs to cruise further to park by reserving less than enough parking
areas for AVs.
