  In the 21st Century information environment, adversarial actors use
disinformation to manipulate public opinion. The distribution of false,
misleading, or inaccurate information with the intent to deceive is an
existential threat to the United States--distortion of information erodes trust
in the socio-political institutions that are the fundamental fabric of
democracy: legitimate news sources, scientists, experts, and even fellow
citizens. As a result, it becomes difficult for society to come together within
a shared reality; the common ground needed to function effectively as an
economy and a nation. Computing and communication technologies have facilitated
the exchange of information at unprecedented speeds and scales. This has had
countless benefits to society and the economy, but it has also played a
fundamental role in the rising volume, variety, and velocity of disinformation.
Technological advances have created new opportunities for manipulation,
influence, and deceit. They have effectively lowered the barriers to reaching
large audiences, diminishing the role of traditional mass media along with the
editorial oversight they provided. The digitization of information exchange,
however, also makes the practices of disinformation detectable, the networks of
influence discernable, and suspicious content characterizable. New tools and
approaches must be developed to leverage these affordances to understand and
address this growing challenge.
