  This paper investigates the impact of high penetration of Electric Vehicles
(EVs) on the distribution network in the presence of photovoltaic (PV) systems.
Two models for EVs are presented and the voltage profile of buses is
investigated considering both models and various penetration levels of EVs
within the distribution network. The analysis is conducted by presenting an
exact convex relaxed form of the full ACOPF problem of the distribution network
with fixed power EVs and presenting the full ACOPF problem of the distribution
network with fixed current EVs. The performance of each model is illustrated in
the case studies leveraging the modified IEEE 33-bus system and considering
time-of-use (TOU) pricing. Besides the sensitivity of the voltage profile of
buses in the distribution network on the time-of-use prices is investigated in
the case studies.
