  Agrivoltaic systems represent a key technology for reaching sustainable
development goals reducing the completion of land for food versus land for
energy. Moreover, agrivoltaic systems are at the centre of the nexus between
electricity production, crop production, and irrigation water saving. In this
study, an optimization model for vertically mounted agrivoltaic systems with
bifacial photovoltaic models is developed. The model combines three main
submodels: solar radiation and shadings, photovoltaic, and crop yield.
Validation of the submodels is performed showing good agreement with measured
data and commercial software. The optimization model is set as multi objective
to explore the trade-offs between competing agrivoltaic key performance
indicators. The results shows that the row distance between bifacial
photovoltaic modules structure affects significantly the photosyntetically
active radiation distribution by reducing the crop yield of potato and oat of
about 50% by passing from 20 m to 5 m. The implementation of agrivoltaic system
for the investigated crops at the chosen location shows a land equivalent ratio
above 1.2 that justify the technology for reaching the country sustainability
goals.
