  A variety of innovative software solutions, addressing product
anti-counterfeiting and record provenance of the wider supply chain industry,
have been implemented. However, these solutions have been developed with
centralized system architecture which could be susceptible to malicious
modifications on states of product records and various potential security
attacks leading to system failure and downtime. Blockchain technology has been
enabling decentralized trust with a network of distributed peer nodes to
maintain consistent shared states via a decentralized consensus reached, with
which an idea of developing decentralized and reliable solutions has been
basing on. A Decentralized NFC-Enabled Anti-Counterfeiting System (dNAS) was
therefore proposed and developed, decentralizing a legacy anti-counterfeiting
system of supply chain industry utilizing enterprise blockchain protocols and
enterprise consortium, to facilitate trustworthy data provenance retrieval,
verification and management, as well as strengthening capability of product
anti-counterfeiting and traceability in supply chain industry. The adoption of
enterprise blockchain protocols and implementations has been surging in supply
chain industry given its advantages in scalability, governance and
compatibility with existing supply chain systems and networks, but development
and adoption of decentralized solutions could also impose additional
implications to supply chain integrity, in terms of security, privacy and
confidentiality. In this research, an empirical analysis performed against
decentralized solutions, including dNAS, summarizes the effectiveness,
limitations and future opportunities of developing decentralized solutions
built around existing enterprise blockchain protocols and implementations for
supply chain anti-counterfeiting and traceability.
