  An interesting research problem in supply chain industry is evaluating and
determining provenance of physical goods - demonstrating authenticity of luxury
goods. Yet, there have been a few innovative software solutions addressing
product anti-counterfeiting and record provenance of today's goods that are
produced and transported in complex and internationally-spanning supply chain
networks. However, these supply chain systems have been implemented with
centralized system architecture, relying on centralized authorities or any form
of intermediaries, and leading to issues such as single-point processing,
storage and failure, which could be susceptible to malicious modifications of
product records or various potential attacks to system components by dishonest
participant nodes traversing along the supply chain. Blockchain technology has
evolved from being merely a decentralized, distributed and immutable ledger of
cryptocurrency transactions to a programmable interactive environment for
building decentralized and reliable applications addressing different use cases
and existing problems in the world. In this research, the Decentralized
NFC-Enabled Anti-Counterfeiting System (dNAS) is proposed and developed,
decentralizing a legacy anti-counterfeiting system of supply chain industry
using Blockchain technology, to facilitate trustworthy data provenance
retrieval, verification and management, as well as strengthening capability of
product anti-counterfeiting in supply chain industry. The proposed dNAS
utilizes decentralized blockchain network on a consensus protocol compatible
with the concept of enterprise consortium, programmable smart contracts and a
distributed file storage system to develop a secure and immutable scientific
data provenance tracking and management platform on which provenance records,
providing compelling properties on data integrity, are validated automatically.
