  This work assesses the impact of blockchain and smart contract on the
visibility of construction supply chain and in the context of payments
(intersection of cash and product flows). It uses comparative empirical
experiments (Charrette Test Method) to draw comparisons between the visibility
of state-of-practice and blockchain-enabled payment systems in a commercial
construction project. Comparisons were drawn across four levels of granularity.
The findings are twofold: 1) blockchain improved information completeness and
information accuracy respectively by an average 216% and 261% compared with the
digital state-of-practice solution. The improvements were significantly more
pronounced for inquiries that had higher product, trade, and temporal
granularity; 2) blockchain-enabled solution was robust in the face of increased
granularity, while the conventional solution experienced 50% and 66.7% decline
respectively in completeness and accuracy of information. The paper concludes
with a discussion of mechanisms contributing to visibility and technology
adoption based on business objectives.
