  The importance of the chromosphere in the mass and energy transport within
the solar atmosphere is now widely recognised. This review discusses the
physics of magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) waves and instabilities in large-scale
chromospheric structures as well as in magnetic flux tubes. We highlight a
number of key observational aspects that have helped our understanding of the
role of the solar chromosphere in various dynamic processes and wave phenomena,
and the heating scenario of the solar chromosphere is also discussed. The
review focuses on the physics of waves and invokes the basics of plasma
instabilities in the context of this important layer of the solar atmosphere.
Potential implications, future trends and outstanding questions are also
delineated.
