  SCAPS 1-D was used for the simulation of lead-free environmentally benign
methylammonium tin-iodide (CH3NH3SnI3) based solar cell. Indium sulphide
(In2S3) was utilized as the electron transport layer (ETL) for its high carrier
mobility and optimized band structure, unlike traditional titanium oxide (TiO2)
ETL. Traditional expensive spiro-OMeTAD (C81H68N4O8) and cheaper cuprous
thiocyanate (CuSCN) were utilized alternatively as hole transport layer (HTL)
to observe the effect of different HTL on cell performance. We investigated the
trend in electrical measurements by altering parameters such as thickness,
defect density, valence band (VB) effective density of state and bandgap of the
absorber layer, interfacial trap densities and defect density of ETL. At
optimum condition, the device revealed the highest efficiency of 18.45% for
CuSCN (HTL) and 19.32% for spiro-OMeTAD (HTL) configuration. The effect of
working temperature, the wavelength of light and band-to-band radiative
recombination rate was also observed for both configurations. All these
simulation results will help to fabricate eco-friendly high-efficiency
perovskite solar cell by replacing the commonly used toxic lead-based
perovskite.
