  This paper presents a novel battery modeling framework based on the enhanced
single particle model (ESPM) to account for degradation mechanisms of
second-life batteries. While accounting for the transport and electrochemical
phenomena in the battery solid and electrolyte phases, the dominant
anode-related aging mechanisms, namely, solid electrolyte interphase (SEI)
layer growth and lithium plating, are modeled. For the first time, the loss of
active material (LAM), which describes the tendency of anode and cathode, over
time, to reduce the electrode material available for intercalation and
deintercalation, is introduced in the ESPM. Moreover, the coupling of the aging
modes with the LAM dynamics provides a comprehensive framework that can be
employed for the prediction of both linear and non-linear capacity fade crucial
to assess second-life battery. Thus, relying on data borrowed from [18], a
model parameter identification and a comprehensive sensitivity analysis are
performed to prove the effectiveness of the modeling approach.
