  Electromagnetic turbulence is addressed in tokamak and stellarator plasmas
with the global gyrokinetic particle-in-cell codes ORB5 [E. Lanti et al, Comp.
Phys. Comm, vol. 251, 107072 (2020)] and EUTERPE. The large-aspect-ratio
tokamak, down-scaled ITER, and Wendelstein 7-X geometries are considered. The
main goal is to increase the plasma beta, the machine size, the ion-to-electron
mass ratio, as well as to include realistic-geometry features in such
simulations. The associated numerical requirements and the computational cost
for the cases on computer systems with massive GPU deployments are
investigated. These are necessary steps to enable electromagnetic turbulence
simulations in future reactor plasmas.
