  This is an English translation of Nikolai Chebotaryov's paper "Die Probleme
der modernen Galoisschen Theorie" from 1932. An excerpt from this paper was
given as a lecture at the International Congress of Mathematicians in Z\"urich
in 1932. With the lecture being given to commememorate the centennial of
Evariste Galois' death, the paper is a broad survey of various contemporary
problems in Galois Theory the author found represented the culminations of work
done by Galois and his successors.
