  In acoustofluidics, acoustic resonance modes for fluid and microparticle
handling are traditionally excited by bulk piezoelectric transducers. In this
work, we demonstrate by numerical simulation in three dimensions (3D) that
integrated piezoelectric thin-film transducers constituting less than 0.1% of
the device work equally well. The simulations are done using a well-tested and
experimentally validated numerical model. Our proof-of-concept example is a
water-filled straight channel embedded in a mm-sized glass chip with a 1-um
thick thin-film transducer made of (Al,Sc)N. We compute the acoustic energy,
streaming, and radiation force, and show that it is comparable to that of a
conventional silicon-glass device actuated by a bulk PZT transducer. The
ability of the thin-film transducer to create the desired acoustofluidic
effects in bulk acoustofluidic devices rely on three physical aspects: The
in-plane-expansion of the thin-film transducer under the orthogonal applied
electric field, the acoustic whole-system resonance of the device, and the high
Q-factor of the elastic solid constituting the bulk part of the device.
Consequently, the thin-film device is surprisingly insensitive to the Q-factor
and resonance properties of the thin-film transducer.
