  Secondary ion beams are beams of particles produced by bombarding a
production target with a primary beam of a stable nuclide (in most cases
protons) or by fragmentation of heavy primary particles. These methods are used
for short lived, instable particles which cannot be introduced into the ion
source (or used as target). The secondary beam particles can be produced i) by
bombarding a heavy, stable element in a second ion source (ISOL method), ii) by
fragmentation of heavy beam particles, or iii) by creation of
particle-antiparticle pairs (e.g. pions or antiprotons). Beams of decay
products from secondary beams (e.g. muons or neutrinos from pion decay) can be
considered as tertiary beams.
