  Dynamic state estimation (DSE) accurately tracks the dynamics of a power
system and provides the evolution of the system state in real-time. This paper
focuses on the control and protection applications of DSE, comprehensively
presenting different facets of control and protection challenges arising in
modern power systems. It is demonstrated how these challenges are effectively
addressed with DSE-enabled solutions. As precursors to these solutions,
reformulation of DSE considering both synchrophasor and sampled value
measurements and comprehensive comparisons of DSE and observers have been
presented. The usefulness and necessity of DSE based solutions in ensuring
system stability, reliable protection and security, and resilience by revamping
of control and protection methods are shown through examples, practical
applications, and suggestions for further development.
