  In the Internet of Things (IoT) era, vehicles and other intelligent
components in an intelligent transportation system (ITS) are connected, forming
Vehicular Networks (VNs) that provide efficient and secure traffic and
ubiquitous access to various applications. However, as the number of nodes in
ITS increases, it is challenging to satisfy a varied and large number of
service requests with different Quality of Service and security requirements in
highly dynamic VNs. Intelligent nodes in VNs can compete or cooperate for
limited network resources to achieve either an individual or a group's
objectives. Game Theory (GT), a theoretical framework designed for strategic
interactions among rational decision-makers sharing scarce resources, can be
used to model and analyze individual or group behaviors of communicating
entities in VNs. This paper primarily surveys the recent developments of GT in
solving various challenges of VNs. This survey starts with an introduction to
the background of VNs. A review of GT models studied in the VNs is then
introduced, including its basic concepts, classifications, and applicable
vehicular issues. After discussing the requirements of VNs and the motivation
of using GT, a comprehensive literature review on GT applications in dealing
with the challenges of current VNs is provided. Furthermore, recent
contributions of GT to VNs integrating with diverse emerging 5G technologies
are surveyed. Finally, the lessons learned are given, and several key research
challenges and possible solutions for applying GT in VNs are outlined.
