  Under the downward tendency of prices of renewable energy generators and
upward trend of hydrogen demand, this paper studies the technoeconomic
supplement of P2G clusters with hydrogen pipeline for HVDC to jointly consume
renewable energy. First, the planning and operation constraints of
large-capacity P2G clusters is established. On this basis, the multistage
coordinated planning model of renewable energy, HVDCs, P2Gs and hydrogen
pipelines is proposed considering both variability and uncertainty, rendering a
distributionally robust chance-constrained (DRCC) program. Then this model is
applied in the case study based on the real Inner Mongolia-Shandong system.
Compared with energy transmission via HVDC only, P2G can provide operation
supplement with its operational flexibility and long term economic supplement
with increasing demand in high-valued transportation sector, which stimulates
an extra 24 GW renewable energy exploration. Sensitivity analysis for both
technical and economic factors further verifies the advantages of P2G in the
presence of high variability due to renewable energy and downward tendency of
prices of renewable energy generators. However, since the additional levelized
cost of the P2G (0.04 RMB/kWh) is approximately twice the HVDC (0.02 RMB/kWh),
P2G is more sensitive to uncertainty from both renewable energy and hydrogen
demand.
