  Radiotherapy, due to its technology-intensive nature and reliance on digital
data and human-machine interactions, is particularly suited to benefit from
artificial intelligence (AI) to improve the accuracy and efficiency of its
clinical workflow. Recently, various artificial intelligence (AI) methods have
been successfully developed to exploit the benefit of the inherent physical
properties of particle therapy. Many reviews about AI applications in
radiotherapy have already been published, but none were specifically dedicated
to particle therapy. In this article, we present a comprehensive review of the
recent published works on AI applications in particle therapy, which can be
classified into particle therapy treatment planning, adaptive particle therapy,
range and dose verification and other applications in particle therapy.
Although promising results reported in these works demonstrate how AI-based
methods can help exploit the intrinsic physic advantages of particle therapy,
challenges remained to be address before AI applications in particle therapy
enjoy widespread implementation in clinical practice.
