  David Gauthier in his article, Maximization constrained: the rationality of
cooperation, tries to defend the joint strategy in situations in which no
outcome is both equilibrium and optimal. Prisoner Dilemma is the most familiar
example of these situations. He first starts with some quotes by Hobbes in
Leviathan; Hobbes, in chapter 15 discusses an objection by someone is called
Foole, and then will reject his view. In response to Foole, Hobbes presents two
strategies (i.e. joint and individual) and two kinds of agents in such problems
including Prisoner Dilemma, i.e. straightforward maximizer (SM) and constrained
maximizer(CM). Then he considers two arguments respectively for SM and CM, and
he will show that why in an ideal and transparent situation, the first argument
fails and the second one would be the only valid argument. Likewise, in the
following part of his article, he considers more realistic situations with
translucency and he concludes that under some conditions, the joint strategy
would be still the rational decision.
