  While connected vehicle (CV) applications have the potential to revolutionize
traditional transportation system, cyber and physical attacks on them could be
devastating. In this work, we propose an efficient dual cyber-physical
blockchain framework to build trust and secure communication for CV
applications. Our approach incorporates blockchain technology and physical
sensing capabilities of vehicles to quickly react to attacks in a large-scale
vehicular network, with low resource overhead. We explore the application of
our framework to three CV applications, i.e., highway merging, intelligent
intersection management, and traffic network with route choices. Simulation
results demonstrate the effectiveness of our blockchain-based framework in
defending against spoofing attacks, bad mouthing attacks, and Sybil and voting
attacks. We also provide analysis to demonstrate the timing efficiency of our
framework and the low computation, communication, and storage overhead for its
implementation.
