  Optimal use and distribution of Covid-19 vaccines involves adjustments of
dosing. Due to the rapidly-evolving pandemic, such adjustments often need to be
introduced before full efficacy data are available. As demonstrated in other
areas of drug development, quantitative systems pharmacology (QSP) is well
placed to guide such extrapolation in a rational and timely manner. Here we
propose for the first time how QSP can be applied real time in the context of
COVID-19 vaccine development.
