TITLE	O
:	O
Identification	O
of	O
a	O
bovine	B-SPEC
coronavirus	B-SPEC
packaging	O
signal	O
.	O

Under	O
baseline	O
conditions	O
,	O
a	O
narrow	O
unimodal	O
distribution	B-PROC
of	I-PROC
ventilation	I-PROC
and	O
perfusion	O
with	O
shunt	O
-	O
flow	O
ranging	O
below	O
2	O
%	O
and	O
absence	O
of	O
perfusion	O
of	O
low	O
V	O
A	O
/	O
Q	O
(	O
0	O
.	O
01	O
<	O
V	O
A	O
/	O
Q	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
1	O
)	O
areas	O
was	O
noted	O
throughout	O
.	O

Asparaginyl	B-CHED
-	O
tRNA	B-FUNC
,	O
which	O
decodes	B-SPEC
the	O
A	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
site	I-PRGE
codon	I-PRGE
AAC	I-PRGE
,	O
has	O
the	O
modified	O
base	O
Q	O
at	O
the	O
wobble	O
position	O
of	O
the	O
anticodon	O
(	O
5	O
'	O
QUU	O
3	O
')	O
and	O
it	O
has	O
been	O
speculated	O
that	O
Q	O
may	O
be	O
required	O
for	O
frameshifting	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Infection	B-DISO
of	O
C57BL	O
/	O
6	O
mice	B-SPEC
with	O
mouse	B-DISO
hepatitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
MHV	B-SPEC
)	O
results	O
in	O
a	O
demyelinating	O
encephalomyelitis	B-DISO
characterized	O
by	O
mononuclear	B-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
infiltration	B-DISO
and	O
white	B-ANAT
matter	I-ANAT
destruction	O
similar	O
to	O
the	O
pathology	B-DISO
of	O
the	O
human	B-SPEC
demyelinating	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
multiple	B-DISO
sclerosis	I-DISO
.	O

Furthermore	O
,	O
CD4	B-PRGE
(-/-)	O
mice	B-SPEC
displayed	O
lower	O
levels	O
of	O
RANTES	O
(	O
a	O
C	O
-	O
C	O
chemokine	O
)	O
mRNA	B-CHED
transcripts	O
and	O
protein	B-CHED
,	O
suggesting	O
a	O
role	O
for	O
this	O
molecule	O
in	O
the	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
of	O
MHV	B-SPEC
-	O
induced	O
neurologic	O
disease	O
.	O

Here	O
we	O
demonstrate	O
that	O
incorporation	O
is	O
mediated	O
by	O
the	O
short	O
carboxy	B-CHED
-	O
terminal	O
segment	O
comprising	O
the	O
transmembrane	B-COMP
and	O
endodomain	O
.	O

They	O
were	O
found	O
to	O
assemble	O
only	O
into	O
viral	B-COMP
particles	I-COMP
of	O
the	O
species	B-SPEC
from	O
which	O
their	O
carboxy	O
-	O
terminal	O
domain	O
originated	O
.	O

Thus	O
,	O
the	O
64	O
-	O
terminal	O
-	O
residue	O
sequence	O
suffices	O
to	O
draw	O
the	O
1308	O
(	O
MHV	B-SPEC
)-	O
or	O
1433	O
(	O
FIPV	O
)-	O
amino	O
-	O
acid	O
-	O
long	O
mature	O
S	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
into	O
VLPs	B-ANAT
.	O

Because	O
there	O
exist	O
normal	O
regions	O
in	O
the	O
lung	B-ANAT
with	O
ARDS	B-DISO
and	O
because	O
PLV	O
in	O
the	O
normal	O
lung	B-ANAT
results	O
in	O
worsened	O
gas	B-ENZY
exchange	O
,	O
we	O
postulated	O
that	O
the	O
optimal	O
dose	O
of	O
PFC	O
for	O
PLV	O
may	O
be	O
less	O
than	O
the	O
functional	B-PROC
residual	I-PROC
capacity	I-PROC
(	O
FRC	O
)	O
dose	O
in	O
the	O
lung	B-ANAT
with	O
limited	O
disease	O
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
Respiratory	B-PROC
mechanics	I-PROC
during	O
PLV	O
for	O
dependent	O
lung	B-ANAT
-	O
dominant	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
were	O
optimal	O
at	O
a	O
PFC	O
dose	O
less	O
than	O
the	O
FRC	B-PROC
.	O

Of	O
4302	O
women	O
observed	O
to	O
or	O
beyond	O
20	O
weeks	O
'	O
gestation	B-PROC
,	O
1073	O
(	O
24	O
.	O
9	O
%)	O
developed	O
mild	O
or	O
severe	O
pregnancy	O
-	O
associated	O
hypertension	B-DISO
or	O
preeclampsia	B-DISO
.	O

Hypertension	B-DISO
,	O
especially	O
severe	O
hypertension	B-DISO
,	O
was	O
associated	O
with	O
an	O
appreciable	O
increase	O
in	O
important	O
maternal	O
and	O
perinatal	B-DISO
morbidity	I-DISO
but	O
not	O
perinatal	O
mortality	O
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
Hypertension	B-DISO
,	O
especially	O
severe	O
hypertension	B-DISO
,	O
was	O
associated	O
with	O
an	O
appreciable	O
increase	O
in	O
important	O
maternal	O
and	O
perinatal	B-DISO
morbidity	I-DISO
but	O
not	O
perinatal	O
mortality	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
prevalence	O
and	O
phylogeny	O
of	O
feline	O
coronaviruses	O
were	O
studied	O
in	O
urban	O
cat	B-SPEC
populations	O
by	O
sampling	O
of	O
113	O
clinically	O
healthy	O
cats	B-SPEC
.	O

These	O
findings	O
will	O
hopefully	O
contribute	O
to	O
the	O
elucidation	O
of	O
the	O
epidemiology	O
of	O
feline	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
peritonitis	I-DISO
.	O

It	O
associates	O
with	O
both	O
viral	O
genomic	O
RNA	O
and	O
subgenomic	O
mRNAs	O
and	O
has	O
structural	O
and	O
non	O
-	O
structural	O
roles	O
in	O
replication	O
including	O
viral	O
RNA	O
-	O
dependent	O
RNA	O
transcription	B-PROC
,	O
genome	O
replication	O
,	O
encapsidation	O
and	O
translation	B-PROC
.	O

To	O
better	O
understand	O
the	O
RNA	O
-	O
binding	B-FUNC
properties	O
of	O
this	O
multifunctional	O
protein	B-CHED
,	O
the	O
N	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
was	O
expressed	B-PROC
in	O
Escherichia	B-SPEC
coli	I-SPEC
as	O
a	O
chimeric	O
protein	B-CHED
fused	O
to	O
glutathione	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
S	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
transferase	I-PRGE
(	O
GST	B-PRGE
).	O

Together	O
these	O
data	O
demonstrate	O
a	O
high	O
-	O
affinity	O
,	O
specific	O
interaction	O
between	O
the	O
N	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
and	O
a	O
conserved	O
RNA	O
sequence	O
present	O
at	O
the	O
5	O
'-	O
ends	O
of	O
MHV	B-PRGE
mRNA	B-CHED
.	O

Site	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
directed	I-PROC
mutagenesis	I-PROC
and	O
expression	B-PROC
studies	O
showed	O
that	O
a	O
previously	O
predicted	O
cleavage	B-PROC
site	O
(	O
Q	O
(	O
2583	O
)-	O
G	O
(	O
2584	O
))	O
located	O
within	O
the	O
41	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
kDa	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
encoding	I-PRGE
region	I-PRGE
was	O
not	O
utilized	O
by	O
3CLP	O
,	O
supporting	O
the	O
conclusion	O
that	O
the	O
41	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
kDa	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
is	O
a	O
mature	O
viral	O
product	O
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
We	O
believe	O
that	O
the	O
efficacy	O
and	O
safety	O
of	O
chelation	B-PROC
therapy	O
in	O
severe	O
acute	O
iron	O
poisoning	O
may	O
be	O
improved	O
by	O
targeting	B-PROC
the	O
initial	O
high	O
levels	O
of	O
readily	O
chelatable	O
serum	B-COMP
iron	O
with	O
adequate	O
doses	O
of	O
desferrioxamine	O
without	O
prolonging	O
its	O
use	O
unnecessarily	O
.	O

Furthermore	O
,	O
MAb	O
showing	O
strong	O
neutralizing	O
activity	O
in	O
Felis	B-SPEC
catus	I-SPEC
whole	O
fetus	B-ANAT
(	O
fcwf	O
-	O
4	O
)	O
cells	B-COMP
and	O
Crandell	O
feline	B-SPEC
kidney	B-ANAT
(	O
CrFK	O
)	O
cells	B-COMP
shows	O
strong	O
enhancing	O
activity	O
in	O
feline	B-SPEC
macrophages	B-ANAT
,	O
indicating	O
that	O
the	O
neutralizing	O
epitope	B-CHED
and	O
the	O
enhancing	O
epitope	B-CHED
are	O
closely	O
related	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
MAb	O
FK50	O
-	O
4	O
did	O
not	O
exhibit	O
neutralizing	O
activity	O
in	O
CrFK	O
cells	B-COMP
or	O
fcwf	O
-	O
4	O
cells	O
,	O
thus	O
showing	O
a	O
very	O
unusual	O
property	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Contributions	O
of	O
Fas	B-DISO
-	O
Fas	B-DISO
ligand	B-PROC
interactions	O
to	O
the	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
of	O
mouse	B-DISO
hepatitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
in	O
the	O
central	O
nervous	O
system	O
.	O

Second	O
,	O
to	O
determine	O
whether	O
the	O
volumes	O
of	O
blood	B-ANAT
and	O
crystalloid	B-COMP
solutions	O
administered	O
in	O
the	O
early	O
posttrauma	O
period	O
are	O
independent	O
risk	O
factors	O
for	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
in	O
severely	O
traumatized	O
patients	O
.	O

Initial	O
clinical	O
and	O
laboratory	O
data	O
were	O
collected	O
in	O
the	O
emergency	B-DISO
department	O
,	O
and	O
on	O
a	O
daily	O
basis	O
thereafter	O
during	O
the	O
patient	O
'	O
s	O
intensive	O
care	O
unit	O
stay	O
.	O

In	O
this	O
group	O
of	O
severely	O
injured	O
trauma	O
patients	O
,	O
the	O
degree	O
of	O
metabolic	B-DISO
acidosis	I-DISO
at	O
the	O
time	O
of	O
admission	O
identified	O
those	O
patients	O
with	O
the	O
highest	O
probability	O
of	O
developing	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Protein	B-CHED
carbonyl	B-CHED
measurements	O
show	O
evidence	O
of	O
early	O
oxidative	B-DISO
stress	I-DISO
in	O
critically	B-DISO
ill	I-DISO
patients	O
.	O

Our	O
results	O
provide	O
evidence	O
of	O
oxidation	B-PROC
occurring	O
early	O
in	O
severe	B-DISO
sepsis	I-DISO
and	O
major	O
trauma	O
patients	O
,	O
with	O
protein	B-CHED
carbonyl	B-CHED
measurements	O
providing	O
a	O
sensitive	O
index	O
of	O
this	O
process	O
.	O

High	O
protein	B-CHED
carbonyl	B-CHED
concentrations	O
in	O
plasma	B-ANAT
as	O
well	O
as	O
bronchial	B-ANAT
aspirates	B-ANAT
indicate	O
that	O
oxidation	B-PROC
is	O
not	O
restricted	O
to	O
the	O
lungs	B-ANAT
.	O

Comparison	O
with	O
the	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Changes	O
in	O
the	O
alveolar	B-ANAT
hemostatic	B-PROC
balance	B-PROC
in	O
severe	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
were	O
compared	O
with	O
those	O
in	O
the	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
).	O

In	O
all	O
groups	O
of	O
patients	O
,	O
BALF	O
total	O
procoagulant	O
activity	O
was	O
increased	O
by	O
nearly	O
two	O
orders	O
of	O
magnitude	O
,	O
being	O
largely	O
attributable	O
to	O
the	O
tissue	B-ANAT
factor	O
pathway	B-PROC
of	O
coagulation	B-PROC
.	O

In	O
addition	O
,	O
markedly	O
enhanced	O
levels	O
of	O
plasminogen	B-PRGE
activator	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
inhibitor	I-PRGE
I	I-PRGE
and	O
alpha	B-PRGE
(	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
)-	I-PRGE
antiplasmin	I-PRGE
were	O
noted	O
in	O
ARDS	B-DISO
,	O
ARDS	O
+	O
PNEU	O
,	O
and	O
PNEU	O
-	O
vent	O
,	O
but	O
not	O
in	O
PNEU	O
-	O
spon	O
.	O

In	O
all	O
groups	O
of	O
patients	O
,	O
the	O
changes	O
in	O
the	O
lavage	O
enzymatic	O
activities	O
were	O
paralleled	O
by	O
manifold	O
increased	O
BALF	O
concentrations	O
of	O
fibrinopeptide	B-PRGE
A	I-PRGE
and	O
D	O
-	O
dimer	O
,	O
reflecting	O
in	O
vivo	O
coagulation	B-PROC
processes	O
.	O

Stem	B-ANAT
-	O
loop	O
I	O
showed	O
a	O
high	O
degree	O
of	O
covariance	O
amongst	O
the	O
IBV	B-SPEC
strains	O
providing	O
phylogenetic	O
evidence	O
that	O
this	O
structure	O
exists	O
and	O
is	O
potentially	O
involved	O
in	O
replication	O
,	O
supporting	O
previous	O
observations	O
that	O
a	O
BCoV	O
stem	B-ANAT
-	O
loop	O
homologue	O
was	O
essential	O
for	O
replication	O
of	O
BCoV	O
defective	O
interfering	O
RNAs	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Extracorporeal	O
life	O
support	O
outcome	O
for	O
128	O
pediatric	O
patients	O
with	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
.	O

Lung	B-PROC
compliance	I-PROC
increased	O
from	O
0	O
.	O
32	O
+/-	O
0	O
.	O
02	O
mL	O
/	O
cm	O
H2O	B-CHED
/	O
kg	O
to	O
0	O
.	O
59	O
+/-	O
0	O
.	O
03	O
mL	O
/	O
cm	O
H2O	B-CHED
/	O
kg	O
in	O
survivors	O
,	O
but	O
only	O
increased	O
from	O
0	O
.	O
34	O
+/-	O
0	O
.	O
02	O
mL	O
/	O
cm	O
H2O	B-CHED
/	O
kg	O
to	O
0	O
.	O
35	O
+/-	O
0	O
.	O
02	O
mL	O
/	O
cm	O
H2O	B-CHED
/	O
kg	O
in	O
nonsurvivors	O
(	O
P	O
<.	O
002	O
comparing	O
change	O
between	O
survivors	O
and	O
nonsurvivors	O
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Complications	O
of	O
prone	O
ventilation	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
multisystem	O
trauma	O
with	O
fulminant	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

Our	O
objective	O
was	O
to	O
critically	O
evaluate	O
our	O
experience	O
with	O
prone	O
positioning	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
postinjury	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
effect	O
of	O
cocaine	B-CHED
on	O
IFN	B-PRGE
production	O
was	O
found	O
to	O
be	O
primarily	O
at	O
the	O
transcript	O
level	O
in	O
both	O
Mphi	O
and	O
L929	O
cells	B-COMP
.	O

These	O
findings	O
further	O
support	O
our	O
previous	O
research	O
demonstrating	O
an	O
antiviral	B-CHED
activity	O
of	O
cocaine	B-CHED
in	O
vitro	O
.	O

Indirect	O
fluorescent	O
-	O
antibody	B-COMP
assay	O
,	O
immunodot	O
assay	O
,	O
and	O
immunoprecipitation	O
were	O
used	O
to	O
select	O
hybridomas	B-ANAT
that	O
produced	O
anti	O
-	O
BRV	B-DISO
MAbs	O
.	O

None	O
of	O
the	O
seven	O
MAbs	O
were	O
reactive	O
with	O
canine	O
rotavirus	B-SPEC
,	O
bovine	B-SPEC
coronavirus	B-SPEC
,	O
or	O
uninfected	O
Madin	O
-	O
Darby	O
bovine	B-SPEC
kidney	B-ANAT
cells	B-COMP
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Immunogenicity	O
of	O
porcine	B-PRGE
transmissible	I-PRGE
gastroenteritis	I-PRGE
virus	B-SPEC
spike	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
expressed	B-PROC
in	O
plants	B-SPEC
.	O

All	O
three	O
of	O
them	O
were	O
driven	O
by	O
a	O
strong	O
plant	B-SPEC
promoter	O
.	O

The	O
third	O
construct	O
contained	O
the	O
D	O
epitope	B-CHED
-	O
coding	O
region	O
of	O
the	O
S	B-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
,	O
from	O
nucleotide	B-CHED
1201	O
to	O
1591	O
,	O
which	O
was	O
fused	O
to	O
the	O
alfalfa	B-PRGE
beta	B-ENZY
-	I-ENZY
amylase	I-ENZY
gene	I-PRGE
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Diagnosis	O
of	O
neonatal	O
pig	B-SPEC
diarrhea	B-DISO
.	O

Necropsy	O
dead	B-PROC
or	O
dying	B-PROC
pigs	B-SPEC
[	O
that	O
]	O
appear	O
to	O
represent	O
the	O
problem	O
.	O

Submit	O
live	O
pigs	B-SPEC
or	O
appropriate	O
tissues	B-ANAT
from	O
necropsied	O
pigs	B-SPEC
to	O
a	O
diagnostic	O
laboratory	O
.	O

Re	O
-	O
evaluate	O
environmental	O
conditions	O
that	O
may	O
be	O
contributing	O
to	O
the	O
problem	O
(	O
remember	O
,	O
unit	O
employees	O
are	O
a	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
pigs	B-SPEC
'	O
environment	O
).	O

Prospective	O
,	O
randomized	O
animal	B-SPEC
study	O
.	O

The	O
combination	O
of	O
PLA2	B-PRGE
and	O
trypsin	B-PRGE
decreased	O
Pao2	B-PRGE
,	O
lung	B-PROC
compliance	I-PROC
,	O
and	O
peripheral	O
counts	O
of	O
neutrophils	B-ANAT
and	O
platelets	B-ANAT
and	O
increased	O
alveolar	B-ANAT
/	O
arterial	B-ANAT
oxygen	B-PROC
tension	B-DISO
difference	O
,	O
lung	B-ANAT
resistance	B-PROC
,	O
wet	O
weight	O
/	O
dry	O
weight	O
ratio	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
neutrophils	B-ANAT
in	O
the	O
lung	B-ANAT
.	O

However	O
,	O
further	O
studies	O
are	O
required	O
to	O
determine	O
whether	O
this	O
drug	O
has	O
a	O
therapeutic	O
effect	O
once	O
the	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
has	O
developed	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
replicase	O
gene	O
(	O
gene	O
1	O
)	O
of	O
the	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
mouse	B-DISO
hepatitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
MHV	B-SPEC
)	O
encodes	O
two	O
co	O
-	O
amino	O
-	O
terminal	O
polyproteins	O
presumed	O
to	O
incorporate	O
all	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
-	O
encoded	O
proteins	B-CHED
necessary	O
for	O
viral	O
RNA	B-PROC
synthesis	I-PROC
.	O

When	O
infected	O
cells	B-COMP
were	O
probed	O
by	O
immunofluorescence	O
laser	B-SPEC
confocal	O
microscopy	O
,	O
p1a	O
-	O
10	O
,	O
-	O
22	O
,	O
-	O
12	O
,	O
and	O
-	O
15	O
were	O
detected	O
in	O
discrete	O
foci	O
that	O
were	O
prominent	O
in	O
the	O
perinuclear	O
region	O
but	O
were	O
widely	O
distributed	O
throughout	O
the	O
cytoplasm	O
as	O
well	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
objectively	O
measure	O
sleep	O
in	O
critically	B-DISO
ill	I-DISO
patients	O
requiring	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
and	O
to	O
define	O
selection	O
criteria	O
for	O
future	O
studies	O
of	O
sleep	B-PROC
continuity	O
in	O
this	O
population	O
.	O

Patients	O
were	O
divided	O
into	O
three	O
groups	O
based	O
on	O
24	O
-	O
h	O
polysomnography	O
(	O
PSG	B-COMP
)	O
findings	O
.	O

Severe	O
sleep	B-DISO
fragmentation	I-DISO
was	O
reflected	O
by	O
a	O
high	O
frequency	O
of	O
arousals	O
(	O
20	O
+/-	O

The	O
combined	O
atypical	O
sleep	B-PROC
and	O
coma	B-DISO
groups	O
had	O
a	O
higher	O
APS	B-DISO
(	O
13	O
+/-	O
4	O
vs	O
6	O
+/-	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
Sleep	B-PROC
,	O
as	O
it	O
is	O
conventionally	O
measured	O
,	O
was	O
identified	O
only	O
in	O
a	O
subgroup	O
of	O
critically	B-DISO
ill	I-DISO
patients	O
requiring	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
and	O
was	O
severely	O
disrupted	O
.	O

CTL	B-ANAT
determinants	O
in	O
the	O
viral	O
particle	O
can	O
be	O
mapped	O
to	O
the	O
spike	O
and	O
nucleocapsid	B-COMP
proteins	B-CHED
but	O
not	O
to	O
the	O
membrane	B-COMP
protein	B-CHED
.	O

The	O
results	O
indicate	O
that	O
an	O
internal	O
entry	O
mechanism	O
,	O
possibly	O
in	O
conjunction	O
with	O
leaky	O
scanning	O
,	O
is	O
used	O
for	O
the	O
expression	B-PROC
of	O
ORF	B-PRGE
3b	I-PRGE
from	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
mRNA	B-CHED
3	O
.	O

One	O
possible	O
consequence	O
of	O
this	O
feature	O
is	O
that	O
ORF	B-PRGE
3b	I-PRGE
might	O
also	O
be	O
expressed	B-PROC
from	O
mRNAs	O
1	O
and	O
2	O
.	O

Protection	O
following	O
administration	O
of	O
T	B-ANAT
lymphocytes	I-ANAT
could	O
be	O
observed	O
in	O
chicks	O
with	O
three	O
distinct	O
MHC	B-PRGE
haplotypes	I-PRGE
:	O
B	O
(	O
8	O
)/	O
B	O
(	O
8	O
),	O
B	O
(	O
12	O
)/	O
B	O
(	O
12	O
),	O
and	O
B	O
(	O
19	O
)/	O
B	O
(	O
19	O
).	O

Chimeric	O
spike	O
protein	B-CHED
mutants	O
containing	O
substitutions	O
of	O
the	O
entire	O
transmembrane	B-COMP
anchor	O
and	O
cys	B-CHED
domain	O
with	O
the	O
herpes	B-SPEC
simplex	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
type	I-SPEC
1	I-SPEC
glycoprotein	B-CHED
D	O
(	O
gD	O
-	O
1	O
)	O
anchor	O
demonstrated	O
that	O
fusion	O
activity	O
requires	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
the	O
A59	O
membrane	B-COMP
-	O
spanning	O
domain	O
and	O
the	O
portion	O
of	O
the	O
cys	O
domain	O
that	O
lies	O
upstream	O
of	O
the	O
cytoplasmic	B-ANAT
tail	I-ANAT
.	O

However	O
,	O
addition	O
of	O
the	O
cys	B-CHED
domain	O
to	O
fusion	O
-	O
defective	O
chimeric	O
proteins	B-CHED
was	O
unable	O
to	O
restore	O
fusion	O
activity	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Unique	O
N	O
-	O
linked	O
glycosylation	B-PROC
of	O
murine	B-PRGE
coronavirus	I-PRGE
MHV	B-SPEC
-	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
membrane	B-COMP
protein	B-CHED
at	O
the	O
conserved	O
O	O
-	O
linked	O
glycosylation	O
site	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Capture	O
ELISA	O
systems	O
for	O
the	O
detection	O
of	O
bovine	B-SPEC
coronavirus	B-SPEC
-	I-PRGE
specific	I-PRGE
IgA	I-PRGE
and	I-PRGE
IgM	I-PRGE
antibodies	B-COMP
in	O
milk	O
and	O
serum	B-COMP
.	O

The	O
capture	O
ELISAs	O
showed	O
higher	O
sensitivity	O
than	O
indirect	O
ELISAs	O
for	O
detection	O
of	O
BCV	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
specific	I-PRGE
IgA	I-PRGE
and	O
IgM	B-PRGE
.	O
In	O
the	O
capture	O
ELISAs	O
the	O
agreement	O
between	O
detection	O
in	O
milk	O
and	O
serum	B-COMP
samples	O
was	O
94	O
%	O
for	O
IgA	B-PRGE
and	O
86	O
%	O
for	O
IgM	B-PRGE
.	O
The	O
correlation	O
between	O
log	O
(	O
10	O
)	O
titres	O
in	O
milk	O
and	O
serum	B-COMP
was	O
r	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
82	O
(	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
001	O
)	O
for	O
IgA	B-PRGE
and	O
0	O
.	O
84	O
(	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
001	O
)	O
for	O
IgM	B-PRGE
.	O
Milk	O
seemed	O
a	O
better	O
target	O
than	O
serum	B-COMP
for	O
diagnosing	O
specific	O
IgA	B-PRGE
at	O
low	O
levels	O
.	O

The	O
IgA	B-PRGE
and	O
IgM	B-PRGE
capture	O
ELISAs	O
differentiated	B-PROC
between	O
primarily	O
BCV	B-SPEC
infected	O
and	O
reinfected	O
animals	B-SPEC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Previously	O
,	O
we	O
have	O
reported	O
protective	O
vaccination	O
of	O
mice	B-SPEC
against	O
a	O
coronavirus	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
using	O
rabbit	B-SPEC
polyclonal	O
noninternal	O
image	O
Ab2gamma	B-PRGE
anti	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
idiotypic	I-PRGE
(	O
anti	O
-	O
Id	O
)	O
antibody	B-COMP
specific	O
for	O
a	O
virus	B-SPEC
-	O
neutralizing	O
and	O
protective	O
monoclonal	O
antibody	B-COMP
(	O
mAb	O
)	O
7	O
-	O
10A	O
against	O
the	O
viral	B-PRGE
surface	I-PRGE
S	I-PRGE
glycoprotein	I-PRGE
.	O

The	O
antisera	O
against	O
turkey	B-SPEC
enteric	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
(	O
bluecomb	O
agent	O
),	O
bovine	B-SPEC
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
BCV	B-SPEC
),	O
bovine	B-SPEC
Breda	B-SPEC
-	O
1	O
virus	B-SPEC
,	O
bovine	B-SPEC
Breda	B-SPEC
-	O
2	O
virus	B-SPEC
,	O
avian	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
bronchitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
IBV	B-SPEC
),	O
avian	B-SPEC
influenza	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
,	O
Newcastle	B-SPEC
disease	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
NDV	B-SPEC
),	O
and	O
transmissible	O
gastroenteritis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
)	O
of	O
swine	B-SPEC
were	O
evaluated	O
by	O
dot	O
-	O
immunobinding	O
avidin	O
-	O
biotin	B-CHED
-	O
enhanced	O
ELISA	O
and	O
did	O
not	O
react	O
with	O
SSA	O
.	O

A	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
was	O
performed	O
with	O
known	O
primers	O
specific	O
for	O
NDV	B-SPEC
,	O
IBV	B-SPEC
,	O
BCV	B-SPEC
,	O
and	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
.	O

Reverse	B-PROC
transcription	I-PROC
-	O
polymerase	O
chain	O
reaction	O
and	O
cycle	O
sequencing	O
techniques	O
were	O
used	O
to	O
elucidate	O
the	O
genetic	O
and	O
deduced	O
amino	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
relationships	O
among	O
the	O
isolates	O
.	O

The	O
Mississippi	O
isolates	O
had	O
less	O
than	O
2	O
.	O
3	O
%	O
nucleotide	B-CHED
and	O
5	O
.	O
2	O
%	O
amino	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
variation	O
when	O
compared	O
with	O
the	O
vaccine	O
strain	O
Ark	O
DPI	O
and	O
less	O
than	O
3	O
.	O
0	O
%	O
nucleotide	B-CHED
and	O
5	O
.	O
2	O
%	O
amino	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
variation	O
when	O
compared	O
with	O
the	O
Ark	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
type	I-PRGE
Georgia	I-PRGE
variant	I-PRGE
.	O

This	O
study	O
suggests	O
that	O
the	O
26	O
IBV	B-SPEC
isolates	O
that	O
are	O
genetically	O
closely	O
related	O
to	O
the	O
vaccine	O
strain	O
may	O
be	O
derived	O
from	O
the	O
vaccine	O
strain	O
by	O
point	O
mutation	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
A	O
rapid	O
-	O
plate	O
hemagglutination	O
(	O
HA	O
)	O
test	O
to	O
detect	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
IBV	B-SPEC
)	O
in	O
allantoic	B-ANAT
fluid	I-ANAT
of	O
embryonated	O
eggs	O
was	O
introduced	O
into	O
routine	O
procedures	O
for	O
IBV	B-SPEC
identification	O
.	O

An	O
apparent	O
synergistic	O
effect	O
in	O
dually	O
inoculated	O
turkeys	B-SPEC
was	O
indicated	O
by	O
increased	O
mortality	O
,	O
enhanced	O
growth	B-PROC
depression	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
enhanced	O
AE	O
lesion	O
development	B-PROC
.	O

They	O
received	O
the	O
same	O
induction	O
chemotherapy	O
(	O
IDR	O
12	O
mg	O
/	O
m2	O
for	O
four	O
days	O
and	O
cytarabine	B-CHED
100	O
mg	O
/	O
m2	O
for	O
ten	O
days	O
).	O

The	O
fetal	B-ANAT
gastrointestinal	I-ANAT
tract	I-ANAT
complications	O
may	O
have	O
been	O
due	O
to	O
severe	O
myelosuppression	O
and	O
mucosal	B-ANAT
damage	O
in	O
these	O
patients	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
group	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
IBV	B-SPEC
)	O
isolates	O
,	O
a	O
genetic	O
grouping	O
method	O
based	O
on	O
hypervariable	O
region	O
1	O
(	O
HVR	O
1	O
,	O
nucleotides	B-CHED
168	O
to	O
197	O
)	O
was	O
compared	O
with	O
that	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
whole	O
S1	B-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
.	O

The	O
change	O
in	O
cardiac	B-ANAT
index	O
from	O
0	O
to	O
30	O
cm	O
H2O	B-CHED
Paw	B-ANAT
correlated	O
with	O
baseline	O
values	O
for	O
RAP	O
,	O
PAOP	O
,	O
and	O
right	O
ventricular	B-ANAT
EDVI	O
(	O
r2	O
=	O
.	O
68	O
,	O
.	O
43	O
,	O
and	O
.	O
34	O
,	O
respectively	O
,	O
p	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
01	O
).	O

8	O
.	O
0	O
x	O
10	O
(	O
9	O
)	O
cells	B-COMP
/	O
L	O
in	O
the	O
control	O
group	O
during	O
the	O
same	O
time	O
period	O
.	O

Pulmonary	B-DISO
interstitial	B-ANAT
emphysema	I-DISO
,	O
serious	O
intraventricular	B-DISO
hemorrhage	I-DISO
,	O
and	O
chronic	B-DISO
lung	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
occurred	O
more	O
frequently	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
early	O
neutropenia	O
.	O

A	O
low	O
concentration	O
of	O
mature	O
neutrophils	B-ANAT
in	O
the	O
systemic	O
circulation	B-PROC
of	O
premature	O
infants	O
within	O
2	O
hours	O
of	O
birth	B-PROC
is	O
associated	O
with	O
more	O
severe	O
respiratory	B-DISO
distress	I-DISO
during	O
the	O
first	O
postnatal	O
week	O
and	O
with	O
an	O
increased	O
risk	O
of	O
serious	O
complications	O
of	O
prematurity	O
.	O

As	O
revealed	O
by	O
class	B-SPEC
I	O
tetramer	O
technology	O
the	O
paralytic	O
variant	O
was	O
superior	O
in	O
inducing	O
specific	O
CD8	O
+	O
T	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
during	O
the	O
acute	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
.	O

The	O
present	O
data	O
thus	O
indicate	O
that	O
in	O
immunocompetent	O
mice	B-SPEC
,	O
effector	B-CHED
CD8	O
+	O
T	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
control	O
infection	B-DISO
without	O
mediating	O
either	O
clinical	O
disease	O
or	O
demyelination	B-DISO
.	O

In	O
this	O
report	O
we	O
demonstrate	O
that	O
the	O
synthesis	B-PROC
and	O
molar	B-ANAT
ratios	O
of	O
subgenomic	O
negative	O
strands	O
are	O
similar	O
in	O
alternative	O
host	B-COMP
cells	B-COMP
,	O
suggesting	O
that	O
these	O
RNAs	O
function	O
as	O
important	O
mediators	O
of	O
positive	O
-	O
strand	O
synthesis	B-PROC
.	O

These	O
findings	O
indicate	O
that	O
the	O
subgenomic	O
-	O
length	O
negative	O
strands	O
are	O
the	O
principal	O
templates	O
of	O
positive	O
-	O
strand	O
synthesis	B-PROC
during	O
MHV	B-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-PRGE
virus	B-SPEC
E	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
is	O
targeted	B-PROC
to	O
the	O
Golgi	B-COMP
complex	I-COMP
and	O
directs	O
release	B-PATH
of	O
virus	O
-	O
like	O
particles	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
coronavirus	B-PRGE
E	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
is	O
a	O
poorly	O
characterized	O
small	B-PRGE
envelope	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
present	O
in	O
low	O
levels	O
in	O
virions	B-COMP
.	O

Among	O
mouse	B-SPEC
viruses	B-SPEC
,	O
high	O
positivity	O
rates	O
were	O
observed	O
with	O
mouse	B-DISO
hepatitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
MHV	B-SPEC
),	O
Theiler	O
'	O
s	O
encephalomyelitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
THEMV	O
),	O
minute	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
of	I-SPEC
mice	I-SPEC
(	O
MVM	O
),	O
Sendai	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
and	O
pneumonia	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
of	I-SPEC
mice	I-SPEC
(	O
PVM	B-SPEC
);	O
the	O
prevalence	O
rates	O
were	O
high	O
in	O
rats	B-SPEC
with	O
Khilam	O
'	O
s	O
rat	B-SPEC
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
KRV	O
),	O
THEMV	O
,	O
Toolan	O
'	O
s	O
H	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
1	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
,	O
Sendai	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
,	O
Parker	O
'	O
s	O
rat	B-SPEC
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
RCV	O
/	O
SDA	B-DISO
)	O
and	O
PVM	B-SPEC
.	O

During	O
the	O
last	O
decade	O
,	O
the	O
prevalence	O
of	O
some	O
agents	O
such	O
as	O
MHV	B-SPEC
,	O
Sendai	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
,	O
THEMV	O
,	O
PVM	B-SPEC
and	O
MVM	O
has	O
apparently	O
decreased	O
although	O
they	O
were	O
still	O
present	O
in	O
1997	O
(	O
except	O
for	O
PVM	B-SPEC
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Structure	O
,	O
stability	O
and	O
function	O
of	O
RNA	O
pseudoknots	O
involved	O
in	O
stimulating	O
ribosomal	B-COMP
frameshifting	I-PROC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Programmed	O
-	O
1	O
ribosomal	O
frameshifting	O
has	O
become	O
the	O
subject	O
of	O
increasing	O
interest	O
over	O
the	O
last	O
several	O
years	O
,	O
due	O
in	O
part	O
to	O
the	O
ubiquitous	O
nature	O
of	O
this	O
translational	B-PROC
recoding	O
mechanism	O
in	O
pathogenic	O
animal	B-SPEC
and	O
plant	B-SPEC
viruses	B-SPEC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
A	O
new	O
virus	O
disease	O
that	O
displays	O
dermal	O
ulceration	B-DISO
and	O
high	O
mortality	O
has	O
been	O
occurring	O
since	O
1996	O
in	O
color	O
carp	B-DISO
Cyprinus	B-SPEC
carpio	I-SPEC
reared	O
in	O
warm	O
water	B-CHED
in	O
Japan	O
.	O

In	O
histological	O
examinations	O
,	O
initial	O
erosive	O
lesions	O
displayed	O
necrosis	B-PROC
,	O
hemorrhage	B-DISO
and	O
fibrin	B-DISO
deposition	I-DISO
in	O
the	O
dermal	O
loose	B-ANAT
connective	I-ANAT
tissue	I-ANAT
and	O
were	O
accompanied	O
by	O
the	O
partial	O
destruction	O
of	O
the	O
epidermis	B-ANAT
.	O

The	O
putative	O
virus	O
was	O
isolated	O
and	O
cultured	O
in	O
epithelioma	B-DISO
papillosum	O
cyprini	O
(	O
EPC	O
)	O
cells	B-COMP
.	O

The	O
binding	B-FUNC
site	O
in	O
the	O
amino	O
region	O
of	O
N	O
was	O
either	O
not	O
present	O
or	O
only	O
partially	O
present	O
in	O
the	O
first	O
91	O
residues	O
because	O
no	O
interaction	O
with	O
RNA	O
was	O
observed	O
with	O
the	O
polypeptide	B-CHED
incorporating	O
these	O
residues	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Two	O
newborns	O
with	O
glomerulocystic	O
kidney	O
disease	O
manifesting	O
as	O
late	O
onset	O
oligohydramnion	O
and	O
neonatal	B-DISO
anuria	I-DISO
,	O
yet	O
without	O
severe	O
respiratory	B-DISO
distress	I-DISO
,	O
are	O
presented	O
.	O

These	O
results	O
hold	O
promise	O
for	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
a	O
gene	O
therapy	O
treatment	O
for	O
chronic	B-DISO
viral	I-DISO
hepatitis	I-DISO
based	O
on	O
liver	B-ANAT
-	O
restricted	O
expression	B-PROC
of	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
alpha2	I-PRGE
.	O

Moreover	O
,	O
the	O
mechanism	O
by	O
which	O
lesions	O
are	O
produced	O
in	O
the	O
central	B-ANAT
nervous	I-ANAT
system	I-ANAT
is	O
still	O
not	O
clear	O
.	O

Cerebral	B-ANAT
magnetic	O
resonance	O
showed	O
ischemic	O
lesions	O
in	O
the	O
tail	O
of	O
the	O
right	B-ANAT
caudate	I-ANAT
nucleus	I-ANAT
and	O
right	O
corona	B-ANAT
radiata	I-ANAT
and	O
the	O
posteromedial	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
right	B-ANAT
putamen	I-ANAT
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Proinflammatory	O
cytokines	O
and	O
viral	O
respiratory	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
in	O
pigs	B-SPEC
.	O

The	O
first	O
part	O
of	O
this	O
review	O
concentrates	O
on	O
known	O
clinical	O
and	O
pathogenetic	O
features	O
of	O
these	O
infections	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Effect	O
of	O
bronchial	B-ANAT
drainage	B-ANAT
on	O
the	O
improvement	O
in	O
gas	B-ENZY
exchange	O
observed	O
in	O
ventral	O
decubitus	O
in	O
ARDS	O
].	O

Concerning	O
secretions	B-ANAT
,	O
we	O
collected	O
3	O
.	O
0	O
+/-	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Experiences	O
with	O
severe	O
P	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
falciparum	I-SPEC
malaria	O
in	O
the	O
intensive	O
care	O
unit	O
.	O

All	O
patients	O
who	O
died	B-PROC
required	O
haemofiltration	O
because	O
of	O
acute	B-DISO
renal	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
.	O

As	O
P	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
falciparum	I-SPEC
is	O
a	O
potentially	O
life	O
-	O
threatening	O
disease	O
,	O
reliable	O
criteria	O
for	O
ICU	O
admission	O
should	O
be	O
defined	O
and	O
risk	O
factors	O
identified	O
.	O

Early	O
ICU	O
monitoring	O
should	O
be	O
attempted	O
,	O
especially	O
under	O
the	O
following	O
conditions	O
:	O
(	O
1	O
)	O
lack	O
of	O
clinical	O
response	O
to	O
anti	O
-	O
malarial	O
treatment	O
within	O
48	O
h	O
and	O
/	O
or	O
(	O
2	O
)	O
any	O
signs	O
of	O
neurological	O
disturbance	O
(	O
hypoglycaemia	B-DISO
excluded	O
).	O

The	O
conventional	O
treatment	O
includes	O
intravenous	O
N	B-CHED
-	I-CHED
acetylcysteine	I-CHED
,	O
L	O
-	O
3	O
,	O
4	O
-	O
dehydroproline	O
,	O
methylene	B-CHED
blue	I-CHED
,	O
and	O
respiratory	O
support	O
according	O
to	O
the	O
lung	B-ANAT
protective	O
strategy	O
.	O

892	O
gm	O
birth	B-PROC
weight	O
,	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
021	O
),	O
with	O
higher	O
peak	O
postpartum	O
blood	B-ANAT
pressures	O
(<	O
0	O
.	O
001	O
)	O
and	O
with	O
more	O
abnormal	O
laboratory	O
values	O
indicative	O
of	O
multisystem	O
disease	O
,	O
compared	O
with	O
patients	O
without	O
this	O
complication	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Extracorporeal	O
support	O
in	O
an	O
adult	O
with	O
severe	O
carbon	B-CHED
monoxide	I-CHED
poisoning	O
and	O
shock	O
following	O
smoke	O
inhalation	O
:	O
a	O
case	O
report	O
.	O

Airway	B-ANAT
pressure	O
release	B-PATH
ventilation	O
and	O
intermittent	O
prone	O
positioning	O
therapy	O
were	O
instituted	O
.	O

Smoke	O
inhalation	B-PROC
and	O
carbon	B-CHED
monoxide	I-CHED
poisoning	O
may	O
lead	O
to	O
life	O
-	O
threatening	O
hypoxemia	O
associated	O
with	O
resultant	O
cardiovascular	B-ANAT
instability	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
A	O
significant	O
increase	O
in	O
hepatic	B-ANAT
enzymes	O
and	O
MPO	B-FUNC
activity	O
was	O
induced	O
by	O
AP	O
and	O
mirrored	O
by	O
intraperitoneal	O
elastase	O
.	O

From	O
1	O
/	O
RD	O
the	O
number	O
needed	O
to	O
treat	O
(	O
NNT	O
)	O
for	O
benefits	O
,	O
and	O
number	O
needed	O
to	O
harm	O
(	O
NNH	B-DISO
)	O
for	O
adverse	B-DISO
effects	I-DISO
,	O
were	O
calculated	O
.	O

In	O
the	O
subgroup	O
of	O
four	O
trials	O
where	O
a	O
high	O
volume	O
strategy	O
(	O
HVS	B-FUNC
)	O
was	O
used	O
,	O
HFOV	O
results	O
in	O
more	O
favourable	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
outcomes	O
.	O

In	O
the	O
subgroup	O
of	O
two	O
trials	O
(	O
HIFI	O
1989	O
,	O
Rettwitz	O
-	O
Volk	O
1998	O
)	O
not	O
using	O
a	O
HVS	B-FUNC
there	O
is	O
no	O
effect	O
of	O
HFOV	O
on	O
the	O
rate	O
of	O
CLD	B-DISO
;	O
however	O
,	O
there	O
is	O
an	O
increase	O
in	O
the	O
rate	O
of	O
PVL	O
[	O
summary	O
RR	O
1	O
.	O
64	O
(	O
1	O
.	O
02	O
,	O
2	O
.	O
64	O
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Elective	O
high	O
frequency	O
jet	O
ventilation	O
versus	O
conventional	O
ventilation	O
for	O
respiratory	B-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
in	O
preterm	O
infants	O
.	O

Trials	O
which	O
used	O
HFJV	O
to	O
'	O
rescue	O
'	O
preterm	O
infants	O
due	O
to	O
severe	O
respiratory	B-DISO
distress	I-DISO
usually	O
beyond	O
24	O
hours	O
,	O
and	O
trials	O
that	O
used	O
HFJV	O
for	O
a	O
mandatory	O
time	O
period	O
and	O
then	O
switched	O
back	B-ANAT
to	O
CV	O
,	O
were	O
not	O
included	O
in	O
this	O
review	O
.	O

Searches	O
were	O
made	O
of	O
the	O
Oxford	O
Database	O
of	O
Perinatal	O
Trials	O
,	O
Medline	O
(	O
MeSH	O
terms	O
:	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
surfactant	B-CHED
;	O
text	O
word	O
:	O
early	O
;	O
limits	O
:	O
age	O
,	O
newborn	O
:	O
publication	O
type	O
,	O
clinical	O
trial	O
),	O
PubMed	O
,	O
abstracts	O
,	O
conference	O
and	O
symposia	O
proceedings	O
,	O
expert	O
informants	O
,	O
and	O
journal	O
hand	O
searching	O
in	O
the	O
English	O
language	O
.	O

Further	O
analysis	O
of	O
data	O
with	O
regard	O
to	O
surfactant	B-CHED
type	O
was	O
performed	O
.	O

The	O
meta	B-SPEC
-	O
analyses	O
demonstrated	O
significant	O
reductions	O
in	O
risk	O
of	O
pneumothorax	B-DISO
(	O
Typical	O
RR	O
0	O
.	O
70	O
,	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
0	O
.	O
59	O
,	O
0	O
.	O
82	O
;	O
Typical	O
RD	O
-	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
,	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
-	O
0	O
.	O
08	O
,	O
-	O
0	O
.	O
03	O
),	O
and	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
interstitial	B-ANAT
emphysema	I-DISO
(	O
Typical	O
RR	O
0	O
.	O
63	O
,	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
0	O
.	O
43	O
,	O
0	O
.	O
93	O
;	O
Typical	O
RD	O
-	O
0	O
.	O
06	O
,	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
-	O
0	O
.	O
10	O
,	O
-	O
0	O
.	O
01	O
)	O
in	O
infants	O
randomized	O
to	O
early	O
selective	O
surfactant	B-CHED
administration	O
.	O

Early	O
selective	O
surfactant	B-CHED
administration	O
given	O
to	O
infants	O
with	O
RDS	O
requiring	O
assisted	O
ventilation	O
leads	O
to	O
a	O
decreased	O
risk	O
of	O
acute	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
injury	O
(	O
decreased	O
risk	O
of	O
pneumothorax	B-DISO
and	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
interstitial	B-ANAT
emphysema	I-DISO
)	O
and	O
a	O
decreased	O
risk	O
of	O
neonatal	O
mortality	O
and	O
chronic	B-DISO
lung	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
compared	O
to	O
delaying	O
treatment	O
of	O
such	O
infants	O
until	O
they	O
develop	O
established	O
RDS	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Histoplasmosis	B-DISO
presenting	O
as	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
after	O
exposure	O
to	O
bat	B-ENZY
feces	B-ANAT
in	O
a	O
home	O
basement	O
.	O

The	O
adult	O
died	B-PROC
of	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

A	O
more	O
severe	O
presentation	O
of	O
the	O
disease	O
in	O
this	O
patient	O
may	O
be	O
partly	O
explained	O
by	O
a	O
heavier	O
exposure	O
to	O
the	O
feces	B-ANAT
of	O
bats	B-SPEC
.	O

Mutant	B-DISO
M	O
proteins	B-CHED
which	O
were	O
not	O
able	O
to	O
assemble	O
into	O
viruslike	O
particles	O
(	O
VLPs	B-ANAT
)	O
by	O
themselves	O
(	O
C	O
.	O
A	O
.	O
M	O
.	O
de	O
Haan	O
,	O
L	O
.	O
Kuo	O
,	O
P	O
.	O
S	O
.	O
Masters	O
,	O
H	O
.	O
Vennema	O
,	O
and	O
P	O
.	O
J	O
.	O
M	O
.	O
Rottier	O
,	O
J	O
.	O
Virol	O
.	O

Finally	O
,	O
we	O
tested	O
the	O
stringency	O
with	O
which	O
membrane	B-COMP
proteins	B-CHED
are	O
selected	O
for	O
incorporation	O
into	O
the	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
envelope	B-COMP
by	O
probing	O
the	O
coassembly	O
of	O
some	O
foreign	O
proteins	B-CHED
.	O

Defective	O
genomes	O
with	O
shortened	O
poly	O
(	O
A	O
)	O
tails	B-ANAT
consisting	O
of	O
5	O
or	O
10	O
A	O
residues	O
were	O
replicated	O
after	O
transfection	B-PROC
into	O
helper	O
virus	B-SPEC
-	O
infected	O
cells	B-COMP
.	O

RNAs	O
with	O
shortened	O
poly	O
(	O
A	O
)	O
tails	B-ANAT
exhibited	O
less	O
in	O
vitro	O
PABP	O
binding	B-FUNC
,	O
suggesting	O
that	O
decreased	O
interactions	O
with	O
the	O
protein	B-CHED
may	O
affect	O
RNA	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Decontamination	O
of	O
human	B-SPEC
xenotransplantable	O
tumor	B-DISO
with	O
mouse	B-DISO
hepatitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
by	O
implantation	B-PROC
in	O
nude	O
rat	O
:	O
a	O
case	O
report	O
.	O

The	O
difference	O
between	O
the	O
two	O
trials	O
was	O
the	O
duration	O
of	O
implantation	B-PROC
of	O
the	O
tumor	B-DISO
in	O
the	O
nude	O
rat	B-SPEC
,	O
i	O
.	O
e	O
.,	O
12	O
days	O
in	O
the	O
first	O
and	O
24	O
days	O
in	O
the	O
second	O
trial	O
.	O

Sequence	O
analysis	O
of	O
the	O
MHV	B-SPEC
-	O
TY	O
strain	O
was	O
performed	O
on	O
major	O
structural	O
,	O
spike	O
(	O
S	O
),	O
membrane	B-COMP
(	O
M	O
)	O
and	O
nucleocapsid	B-COMP
(	O
N	O
),	O
proteins	B-CHED
directly	O
from	O
PCR	O
products	O
.	O

Clinically	O
,	O
as	O
the	O
severity	O
of	O
VOL	O
increased	O
,	O
the	O
amount	O
of	O
ascites	O
observed	O
during	O
autopsy	O
increased	O
significantly	O
(	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
001	O
)	O
and	O
the	O
time	O
from	O
hospitalization	O
to	O
death	B-PROC
was	O
significantly	O
longer	O
(	O
p	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
).	O

Fatty	B-DISO
degeneration	I-DISO
tended	O
to	O
be	O
milder	O
as	O
VOL	O
increased	O
in	O
severity	O
although	O
the	O
difference	O
was	O
not	O
significant	O
,	O
whereas	O
bile	B-ANAT
retention	B-PROC
tended	O
to	O
be	O
more	O
marked	O
.	O

The	O
pathologic	O
change	O
induced	O
by	O
the	O
direct	O
viral	O
invasion	B-DISO
cannot	O
be	O
responsible	O
for	O
all	O
of	O
the	O
symptoms	O
,	O
especially	O
for	O
the	O
rapid	O
and	O
severe	O
clinical	O
course	O
of	O
the	O
disease	O
within	O
24	O
-	O
48	O
h	O
after	O
the	O
initial	O
respiratory	B-DISO
symptoms	I-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Cells	B-COMP
infected	O
with	O
bovine	B-SPEC
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
BCV	B-SPEC
)	O
were	O
solubilized	O
with	O
Triton	B-CHED
X	I-CHED
-	I-CHED
100	I-CHED
to	O
yield	O
a	O
cell	B-COMP
lysate	O
(	O
CL	O
)	O
antigen	B-CHED
having	O
high	O
hemagglutinating	O
(	O
HA	O
)	O
titers	O
.	O

The	O
animals	B-SPEC
were	O
challenged	O
with	O
virus	B-SPEC
1	O
wk	O
after	O
the	O
second	O
inoculation	O
.	O

During	O
infection	B-DISO
,	O
the	O
bacteria	B-SPEC
produce	O
leukotoxin	O
(	O
LKT	O
)	O
and	O
lipopolysaccharide	B-CHED
(	O
LPS	B-DISO
),	O
both	O
potent	O
inducers	O
of	O
inflammation	B-DISO
.	O

Despite	O
research	O
in	O
this	O
field	O
,	O
the	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
of	O
PP	O
is	O
still	O
incomplete	O
.	O

Accumulating	O
data	O
suggest	O
that	O
the	O
maximization	O
and	O
maintenance	O
of	O
lung	B-ANAT
recruitment	B-DISO
may	O
reduce	O
lung	B-ANAT
parenchymal	O
injury	O
from	O
positive	O
pressure	O
ventilation	O
in	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
Accumulating	O
data	O
suggest	O
that	O
the	O
maximization	O
and	O
maintenance	O
of	O
lung	B-ANAT
recruitment	B-DISO
may	O
reduce	O
lung	B-ANAT
parenchymal	O
injury	O
from	O
positive	O
pressure	O
ventilation	O
in	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Dying	B-PROC
with	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
or	O
multiple	B-DISO
organ	I-DISO
system	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
with	O
sepsis	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
average	O
time	O
from	O
the	O
DNR	O
order	B-SPEC
to	O
death	B-PROC
was	O
2	O
days	O
.	O

Families	O
of	O
42	O
%	O
of	O
the	O
patients	O
who	O
died	B-PROC
reported	O
one	O
or	O
more	O
substantial	O
burden	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
A	O
20089	O
nucleotide	B-CHED
(	O
nt	O
)	O
sequence	O
was	O
determined	O
for	O
the	O
5	O
'	O
end	O
of	O
the	O
(+)-	O
ssRNA	O
genome	O
of	O
gill	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
associated	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
GAV	O
),	O
a	O
yellow	O
head	B-ANAT
-	O
like	O
virus	B-SPEC
infecting	O
Penaeus	B-SPEC
monodon	I-SPEC
prawns	O
.	O

The	O
ORFs	O
are	O
structurally	O
related	O
to	O
the	O
ORF1a	B-PRGE
and	I-PRGE
ORF1ab	I-PRGE
polyproteins	I-PRGE
of	O
coronaviruses	O
and	O
arteriviruses	B-SPEC
.	O

The	O
99	O
nt	O
overlap	O
between	O
ORF1a	O
and	O
ORF1b	O
contains	O
a	O
putative	O
AAAUUUU	O
'	O
slippery	O
'	O
sequence	O
associated	O
with	O
-	O
1	O
ribosomal	B-PROC
frameshifting	I-PROC
.	O

Thus	O
,	O
the	O
direct	O
use	O
of	O
phage	O
-	O
displayed	O
peptides	B-CHED
to	O
evaluate	O
protective	O
antiviral	B-CHED
immune	B-PROC
responses	I-PROC
complements	O
their	O
use	O
to	O
characterize	O
antibody	B-COMP
-	O
binding	B-FUNC
epitopes	O
.	O

A	O
need	O
exists	O
for	O
collaborative	O
education	O
of	O
physicians	O
and	O
nurses	O
in	O
performing	O
,	O
obtaining	O
,	O
and	O
interpreting	O
information	O
from	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
artery	I-ANAT
catheters	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
carries	O
a	O
high	O
mortality	O
of	O
about	O
60	O
%.	O

We	O
report	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenation	B-PROC
(	O
ECMO	O
)	O
to	O
rescue	O
a	O
child	O
with	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

With	O
ECMO	O
support	O
,	O
gas	B-ENZY
exchange	O
was	O
well	O
maintained	O
with	O
a	O
lower	O
ventilator	O
setting	O
,	O
and	O
ventilator	O
-	O
induced	O
lung	B-ANAT
injuries	O
were	O
avoided	O
.	O

Viral	O
antigen	B-CHED
was	O
detected	O
in	O
the	O
cytoplasm	B-COMP
of	O
tracheal	B-ANAT
epithelium	I-ANAT
from	O
16	O
hr	O
to	O
6	O
days	O
post	O
-	O
inoculation	O
(	O
p	O
.	O
i	O
.)	O
with	O
a	O
peak	O
on	O
4	O
days	O
p	O
.	O
i	O
.	O

A	O
few	B-PRGE
IgG	I-PRGE
+,	I-PRGE
IgM	B-PRGE
+	I-PRGE
and	O
IgA	B-PRGE
+	I-PRGE
cells	B-COMP
were	O
detected	O
in	O
the	O
submucosa	B-ANAT
from	O
8	O
hr	O
p	O
.	O
i	O
.	O

Following	O
differential	O
centrifugation	O
of	O
lysates	O
of	O
MHV	B-SPEC
-	O
infected	O
DBT	B-CHED
cells	B-COMP
,	O
gene	B-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
proteins	I-PRGE
as	O
well	O
as	O
the	O
structural	O
N	O
and	O
M	O
proteins	B-CHED
were	O
detected	O
almost	O
exclusively	O
in	O
a	O
high	O
-	O
speed	O
small	O
membrane	O
pellet	O
.	O

Following	O
fractionation	O
of	O
the	O
small	O
membrane	B-COMP
pellet	O
on	O
an	O
iodixanol	B-CHED
density	O
gradient	O
,	O
the	O
gene	B-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
proteins	B-CHED
p28	B-COMP
and	O
helicase	B-PRGE
cofractionated	O
with	O
dense	O
membranes	B-ANAT
(	O
1	O
.	O
12	O
to	O
1	O
.	O
13	O
g	O
/	O
ml	O
)	O
that	O
also	O
contained	O
peak	O
concentrations	O
of	O
N	O
.	O
In	O
contrast	O
,	O
p65	B-PRGE
and	O
p1a	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
22	I-PRGE
were	O
detected	O
in	O
a	O
distinct	O
population	O
of	O
less	O
dense	O
membranes	B-ANAT
(	O
1	O
.	O
05	O
to	O
1	O
.	O
09	O
g	O
/	O
ml	O
).	O

Because	O
HFOV	O
is	O
considered	O
to	O
be	O
a	O
""""	O
rescue	O
""""	O
therapy	O
,	O
intervention	O
with	O
HFOV	O
is	O
usually	O
in	O
the	O
later	O
stages	O
of	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
and	O
consideration	O
of	O
the	O
time	O
to	O
intervention	O
has	O
not	O
been	O
previously	O
examined	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Isolation	O
of	O
respiratory	O
bovine	B-SPEC
coronavirus	B-SPEC
,	O
other	O
cytocidal	O
viruses	B-SPEC
,	O
and	O
Pasteurella	B-SPEC
spp	B-ENZY
from	O
cattle	O
involved	O
in	O
two	O
natural	O
outbreaks	O
of	O
shipping	B-DISO
fever	I-DISO
.	O

105	O
and	O
120	O
castrated	O
male	O
4	O
-	O
to	O
8	O
-	O
month	O
-	O
old	O
feedlot	O
cattle	B-SPEC
involved	O
in	O
1997	O
and	O
1998	O
outbreaks	O
,	O
respectively	O
.	O

93	O
of	O
105	O
cattle	B-SPEC
and	O
106	O
of	O
120	O
cattle	B-SPEC
developed	O
signs	O
of	O
respiratory	B-DISO
tract	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
during	O
1997	O
and	O
1998	O
,	O
respectively	O
,	O
and	O
RBCV	O
was	O
isolated	O
from	O
81	O
and	O
89	O
sick	O
cattle	O
,	O
respectively	O
,	O
while	O
at	O
the	O
order	B-SPEC
-	O
buyer	O
'	O
s	O
barn	O
or	O
the	O
day	O
after	O
arrival	O
at	O
the	O
feedlot	O
.	O

Results	O
suggest	O
that	O
RBCV	O
may	O
play	O
a	O
causative	O
role	O
in	O
outbreaks	O
of	O
shipping	B-DISO
fever	I-DISO
in	O
cattle	B-SPEC
.	O

More	O
than	O
80	O
%	O
of	O
the	O
sick	O
cattle	B-SPEC
shed	O
RBCV	O
at	O
the	O
beginning	O
of	O
2	O
outbreaks	O
when	O
the	O
Pasteurella	B-SPEC
spp	B-ENZY
infection	B-DISO
rate	O
was	O
low	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
93	O
of	O
105	O
cattle	B-SPEC
and	O
106	O
of	O
120	O
cattle	B-SPEC
developed	O
signs	O
of	O
respiratory	B-DISO
tract	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
during	O
1997	O
and	O
1998	O
,	O
respectively	O
,	O
and	O
RBCV	O
was	O
isolated	O
from	O
81	O
and	O
89	O
sick	O
cattle	B-SPEC
,	O
respectively	O
,	O
while	O
at	O
the	O
order	B-SPEC
-	O
buyer	O
'	O
s	O
barn	O
or	O
the	O
day	O
after	O
arrival	O
at	O
the	O
feedlot	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Systemic	O
hemodynamics	B-PROC
,	O
oxygenating	O
function	O
of	O
the	O
lungs	B-ANAT
,	O
and	O
oxygen	B-CHED
budgeting	O
were	O
studied	O
in	O
32	O
patients	O
with	O
acute	O
bowel	B-DISO
obstruction	I-DISO
(	O
ABO	O
)	O
with	O
severe	O
endotoxicosis	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
severity	O
of	O
pancreatic	B-ANAT
and	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
injuries	O
was	O
evaluated	O
1	O
,	O
3	O
,	O
and	O
8	O
days	O
after	O
the	O
induction	O
of	O
acute	B-DISO
pancreatitis	I-DISO
by	O
morphometric	O
and	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
mechanical	O
studies	O
.	O

Biliopancreatic	O
duct	B-ANAT
pressure	O
was	O
measured	O
during	O
infusion	O
of	O
solutions	O
in	O
SAL	B-CHED
and	O
TAU	B-CHED
groups	O
.	O

There	O
was	O
an	O
increase	O
in	O
polymorphonuclear	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
in	O
alveolar	B-ANAT
septa	O
on	O
day	O
1	O
only	O
in	O
the	O
TAU	B-CHED
group	O
(	O
p	O
<	O
.	O
001	O
).	O

In	O
contrast	O
,	O
both	O
experimental	O
groups	O
presented	O
greater	O
values	O
of	O
PMN	B-PROC
cells	B-COMP
on	O
day	O
8	O
compared	O
with	O
the	O
SHAM	O
group	O
(	O
p	O
<	O
.	O
001	O
).	O

In	O
contrast	O
,	O
the	O
SAL	B-CHED
group	O
had	O
lower	O
mortality	O
than	O
the	O
TAU	B-CHED
group	O
in	O
the	O
first	O
two	O
days	O
(	O
17	O
%	O
and	O
52	O
%,	O
respectively	O
,	O
p	O
=	O
.	O
03	O
).	O

These	O
changes	O
are	O
worse	O
in	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
sodium	B-CHED
taurocholate	I-CHED
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
introduction	O
of	O
Perfluorochemicals	O
into	O
medicine	O
and	O
especially	O
into	O
the	O
treatment	O
of	O
severe	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
is	O
a	O
fascinating	O
scientific	O
task	O
.	O

The	O
clinical	O
appearance	O
,	O
which	O
was	O
initially	O
normal	O
,	O
deteriorated	O
with	O
a	O
respiratory	B-DISO
distress	I-DISO
in	O
30	O
to	O
60	O
minutes	O
.	O

Concurrent	O
infections	B-DISO
with	O
other	O
enteropathogen	O
(	O
s	O
)	O
were	O
detected	O
in	O
31	O
.	O
3	O
%,	O
33	O
.	O
3	O
%,	O
20	O
.	O
6	O
%	O
and	O
3	O
.	O
4	O
%	O
of	O
the	O
rotavirus	B-SPEC
infected	O
calves	O
in	O
the	O
age	O
-	O
groups	O
1	O
-	O
7	O
,	O
8	O
-	O
14	O
,	O
15	O
-	O
21	O
and	O
22	O
-	O
30	O
d	O
,	O
respectively	O
.	O

National	O
Acute	B-DISO
Chest	B-ANAT
Syndrome	I-DISO
Study	O
Group	O
.	O

Neurologic	O
events	O
occurred	O
in	O
11	O
percent	O
of	O
patients	O
,	O
among	O
whom	O
46	O
percent	O
had	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
.	O

Treatment	O
with	O
phenotypically	O
matched	O
transfusions	O
improved	O
oxygenation	B-PROC
,	O
with	O
a	O
1	O
percent	O
rate	O
of	O
alloimmunization	B-DISO
.	O

Treatment	O
with	O
transfusions	O
and	O
bronchodilators	O
improves	O
oxygenation	B-PROC
,	O
and	O
with	O
aggressive	B-DISO
treatment	O
,	O
most	O
patients	O
who	O
have	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
recover	B-PROC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Localization	B-PROC
of	O
linear	O
B	B-ANAT
-	I-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
epitopes	O
on	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-PRGE
virus	B-SPEC
nucleocapsid	B-COMP
protein	B-CHED
.	O

Sera	B-COMP
against	O
Australia	O
T	O
,	O
China	O
Ch5	O
,	O
Singapore	O
P4	O
,	O
USA	O
M41	O
and	O
China	O
T3	O
isolates	O
were	O
used	O
to	O
study	O
the	O
conservation	O
and	O
localization	B-PROC
of	O
the	O
antigenic	O
region	O
on	O
the	O
IBV	B-PRGE
nucleocapsid	B-COMP
protein	B-CHED
.	O

Thirty	O
-	O
one	O
(	O
31	O
)	O
formalin	B-CHED
-	O
fixed	B-ANAT
hearts	B-ANAT
from	O
domestic	B-SPEC
cats	I-SPEC
who	O
died	B-PROC
of	O
idiopathic	B-DISO
cardiomyopathy	I-DISO
were	O
randomly	O
selected	O
from	O
pathology	B-DISO
archives	O
.	O

Six	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
(	O
ALI	O
)	O
requiring	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
.	O

PEEP	B-CHED
by	O
itself	O
does	O
not	O
have	O
a	O
consistent	O
effect	O
on	O
splanchnic	O
blood	B-PROC
flow	I-PROC
and	O
metabolism	B-PROC
when	O
cardiac	B-ANAT
index	O
is	O
stable	O
and	O
patients	O
are	O
ventilated	O
within	O
the	O
linear	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
pv	O
curve	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Abdominal	B-ANAT
compartment	I-ANAT
syndrome	I-DISO
in	O
children	O
:	O
experience	O
with	O
three	O
cases	O
.	O

The	O
first	O
child	O
sustained	O
a	O
thoracoabdominal	O
crush	O
injury	O
,	O
underwent	O
immediate	O
celiotomy	O
for	O
splenic	B-ANAT
avulsion	O
and	O
a	O
liver	B-ANAT
laceration	O
,	O
and	O
required	O
decompression	O
5	O
hours	O
postoperatively	O
.	O

The	O
second	O
underwent	O
ligation	O
of	O
her	O
bluntly	O
transected	O
inferior	B-ANAT
vena	I-ANAT
cava	I-ANAT
;	O
because	O
of	O
massive	B-DISO
edema	I-DISO
,	O
her	O
abdominal	B-ANAT
wall	I-ANAT
could	O
not	O
be	O
closed	O
,	O
and	O
prophylactic	O
decompression	O
had	O
to	O
be	O
performed	O
.	O

Subsequently	O
,	O
each	O
child	O
underwent	O
abdominal	B-ANAT
wall	I-ANAT
reconstruction	O
and	O
recovered	O
uneventfully	O
.	O

In	O
our	O
previous	O
studies	O
,	O
the	O
proteinase	B-PROC
was	O
identified	O
as	O
a	O
33	O
-	O
kDa	O
protein	B-CHED
in	O
IBV	B-SPEC
-	O
infected	O
cells	B-COMP
,	O
and	O
its	O
catalytic	O
center	O
was	O
shown	O
to	O
consist	O
of	O
H	O
(	O
2820	O
)	O
and	O
C	O
(	O
2922	O
)	O
residues	O
.	O

In	O
this	O
report	O
,	O
further	O
characterization	O
of	O
the	O
two	O
cleavage	B-PROC
sites	O
demonstrates	O
that	O
the	O
N	O
-	O
terminal	O
Q	O
(	O
2779	O
)-	O
S	O
(	O
2780	O
)	O
site	O
is	O
tolerant	O
to	O
mutations	O
at	O
the	O
P1	O
position	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
shedding	O
,	O
tissue	B-ANAT
distribution	O
and	O
quasispecies	O
composition	O
of	O
feline	B-SPEC
coronaviruses	O
were	O
studied	O
in	O
naturally	O
and	O
experimentally	O
infected	O
cats	B-SPEC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
role	O
of	O
a	O
novel	O
""""	O
small	O
round	O
virus	O
""""	O
(	O
SRV	O
)	O
isolated	O
from	O
poult	O
enteritis	B-DISO
and	O
mortality	O
syndrome	B-DISO
(	O
PEMS	B-DISO
)	O
cases	O
in	O
inducing	O
PEMS	B-DISO
and	O
associated	O
immune	O
alterations	O
was	O
examined	O
in	O
this	O
study	O
.	O

Peripheral	B-ANAT
blood	I-ANAT
lymphocytes	B-ANAT
(	O
PBLs	O
),	O
thymocytes	B-ANAT
,	O
and	O
splenic	B-ANAT
lymphocytes	B-ANAT
from	O
inoculated	O
poults	O
or	O
lymphocytes	B-ANAT
isolated	O
from	O
healthy	O
poults	O
after	O
incubation	O
with	O
SRV	O
in	O
vitro	O
were	O
examined	O
for	O
lymphoproliferative	O
potential	O
against	O
concanavalin	O
A	O
(	O
Con	O
A	O
).	O

The	O
SRV	B-PRGE
antigen	I-PRGE
was	O
detected	O
in	O
intestinal	B-ANAT
tissues	B-ANAT
soon	O
after	O
infection	B-DISO
(	O
i	O
.	O
e	O
.,	O
at	O
2	O
and	O
4	O
DPI	O
),	O
whereas	O
lymphoid	B-ANAT
tissues	I-ANAT
such	O
as	O
thymus	B-SPEC
,	O
bursa	B-SPEC
,	O
and	O
spleen	B-ANAT
were	O
positive	O
for	O
SRV	B-PRGE
antigen	I-PRGE
starting	O
at	O
4	O
DPI	O
until	O
8	O
DPI	O
,	O
suggesting	O
virus	B-SPEC
translocation	B-DISO
to	O
lymphoid	B-ANAT
organs	I-ANAT
.	O

No	O
differences	O
were	O
observed	O
in	O
CD4	B-PRGE
+	I-PRGE
CD8	B-PRGE
-	O
lymphocyte	B-ANAT
numbers	O
in	O
controls	O
vs	O
.	O
SRV	O
-	O
infected	O
poults	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Viral	O
agents	O
associated	O
with	O
poult	O
enteritis	B-DISO
and	O
mortality	O
syndrome	B-DISO
:	O
the	O
role	O
of	O
a	O
small	O
round	O
virus	O
and	O
a	O
turkey	B-SPEC
coronavirus	B-SPEC
.	O

Turkey	B-SPEC
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
TCV	B-SPEC
),	O
avian	B-SPEC
rotaviruses	B-SPEC
,	O
reovirus	B-SPEC
,	O
and	O
a	O
yet	O
undefined	O
small	O
round	O
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
SRV	O
)	O
were	O
detected	O
.	O

The	O
DACS	B-FUNC
procedure	O
was	O
further	O
evaluated	O
with	O
a	O
panel	O
of	O
""""	O
unknowns	O
""""	O
comprised	O
of	O
IBV	B-SPEC
reference	O
strains	O
,	O
field	O
isolates	O
,	O
and	O
variant	O
serotypes	O
collected	O
by	O
our	O
laboratory	O
.	O

The	O
DACS	B-FUNC
procedure	O
provided	O
high	O
-	O
quality	O
and	O
reproducible	O
S	O
-	O
1	O
sequence	O
for	O
all	O
IBV	B-SPEC
serotypes	O
tested	O
,	O
including	O
variant	O
serotypes	O
that	O
had	O
not	O
been	O
sequenced	O
previously	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
We	O
describe	O
an	O
unusual	O
case	O
of	O
fulminant	O
tracheobronchial	O
and	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
aspergillosis	I-DISO
presenting	O
as	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

The	O
patient	O
,	O
who	O
was	O
apparently	O
immunocompetent	O
,	O
was	O
admitted	O
with	O
severe	O
Plasmodium	B-DISO
falciparum	I-DISO
malaria	B-PATH
but	O
died	B-PROC
from	O
aspergillosis	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
dynamic	O
equilibrium	B-PROC
of	O
the	O
extracellular	B-COMP
matrix	I-COMP
(	O
ECM	B-COMP
)	O
under	O
physiological	O
conditions	O
is	O
a	O
consequence	O
of	O
the	O
balance	B-PROC
between	O
the	O
regulation	B-PROC
of	I-PROC
synthesis	I-PROC
and	O
degradation	O
of	O
ECM	B-PRGE
components	I-PRGE
.	O

This	O
review	O
details	O
our	O
knowledge	O
of	O
the	O
involvement	O
of	O
MMPs	O
,	O
namely	O
MMP	O
-	O
2	O
and	O
MMP	B-CHED
-	O
9	O
,	O
in	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
and	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

These	O
data	O
show	O
that	O
exposure	O
to	O
high	O
endotoxin	O
concentrations	O
in	O
swine	B-SPEC
buildings	O
can	O
precipitate	O
respiratory	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
in	O
PRCV	O
-	O
infected	O
pigs	B-SPEC
,	O
and	O
that	O
TNF	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
alpha	I-PRGE
is	O
probably	O
an	O
important	O
mediator	O
of	O
these	O
effects	O
.	O

High	O
-	O
dose	O
glucocorticoid	B-CHED
,	O
anticoagulation	B-PROC
with	O
heparin	B-CHED
,	O
plasmapheresis	O
and	O
cyclophosphamide	B-CHED
improved	O
her	O
clinical	O
condition	B-DISO
.	O

Two	O
cases	O
were	O
CD4	B-PRGE
(+),	O
2	O
cases	O
were	O
CD8	B-PRGE
(+),	O
and	O
2	O
cases	O
had	O
admixed	O
CD4	B-PRGE
(+)	O
and	O
CD8	B-PRGE
(+)	O
cells	B-COMP
without	O
clear	O
subset	O
predominance	O
.	O

(	O
Blood	B-ANAT
.	O

We	O
also	O
examined	O
the	O
effects	O
of	O
stem	B-ANAT
segment	O
mutations	O
on	O
the	O
replication	O
of	O
mouse	B-DISO
hepatitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
defective	O
interfering	O
RNAs	O
.	O

Taken	O
together	O
,	O
our	O
results	O
confirmed	O
most	O
of	O
the	O
previously	O
proposed	O
structure	O
,	O
but	O
they	O
revealed	O
that	O
the	O
terminal	B-COMP
loop	I-COMP
and	O
an	O
internal	O
loop	O
are	O
larger	O
than	O
originally	O
thought	O
.	O

The	O
binding	B-FUNC
of	O
srr7	O
and	O
srr11	O
to	O
both	O
MHVR1	B-PRGE
and	O
MHVR2	O
was	O
revealed	O
lower	O
by	O
two	O
-	O
to	O
fourfold	O
relative	O
to	O
the	O
wt	O
binding	B-FUNC
.	O

On	O
admission	O
,	O
a	O
thick	O
blood	B-ANAT
smear	O
revealed	O
severe	O
Plasmodium	B-SPEC
falciparum	I-SPEC
parasitemia	B-DISO
.	O

She	O
was	O
given	O
doxycycline	B-CHED
and	O
quinine	B-CHED
,	O
but	O
as	O
her	O
parasitemia	B-DISO
resolved	O
,	O
dyspnea	B-DISO
and	O
hypoxemia	O
developed	O
and	O
she	O
consequently	O
required	O
placement	O
of	O
an	O
endotracheal	O
tube	O
.	O

This	O
report	O
shows	O
that	O
patients	O
with	O
P	O
falciparum	B-DISO
malaria	I-DISO
should	O
be	O
monitored	O
closely	O
and	O
transferred	O
to	O
an	O
intensive	O
care	O
unit	O
for	O
additional	O
management	O
if	O
respiratory	B-DISO
distress	I-DISO
develops	O
.	O

This	O
virus	B-SPEC
also	O
modulated	O
the	O
activity	O
of	O
matrix	O
metalloproteinases	O
-	O
2	O
and	O
-	O
9	O
and	O
augmented	O
nitric	B-CHED
oxide	I-CHED
production	O
in	O
both	O
U	O
-	O
373MG	O
cells	B-COMP
and	O
the	O
human	B-SPEC
microglial	B-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
line	O
CHME	O
-	O
5	O
.	O

Although	O
PEEP	B-CHED
did	O
not	O
exceed	O
7	O
cm	O
H2O	B-CHED
,	O
PPV	B-CHED
was	O
complicated	O
by	O
interstitial	B-DISO
emphysema	I-DISO
,	O
pneumomediastinum	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
bilateral	O
pneumothorax	B-DISO
as	O
a	O
result	O
of	O
barotrauma	O
.	O

High	O
PCWP	O
values	O
were	O
inconsistent	O
with	O
the	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

The	O
authors	O
suggest	O
that	O
high	O
PCWP	O
was	O
caused	O
by	O
high	O
intraalveolar	O
pressure	O
,	O
pneumomediastinum	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
venule	B-ANAT
constriction	B-COMP
in	O
the	O
hypoxic	B-DISO
sites	O
of	O
the	O
lung	B-ANAT
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Spectrum	O
of	O
clinical	O
illness	O
in	O
hospitalized	O
patients	O
with	O
""""	O
common	B-DISO
cold	I-DISO
""""	O
virus	B-SPEC
infections	B-DISO
.	O

This	O
is	O
primarily	O
an	O
autoimmune	B-DISO
,	O
post	O
-	O
infectious	B-DISO
,	O
demyelinating	O
,	O
peripheral	B-ANAT
nervous	I-ANAT
system	B-PROC
process	I-PROC
.	O

Although	O
most	O
children	O
with	O
GBS	B-DISO
have	O
a	O
relatively	O
benign	O
clinical	O
course	O
,	O
some	O
become	O
very	O
ill	B-DISO
and	O
require	O
intubation	O
with	O
intensive	O
care	O
monitoring	O
.	O

A	O
histidine	B-CHED
-	O
tagged	O
form	O
of	O
this	O
protein	B-CHED
,	O
HEL	B-PRGE
,	O
was	O
expressed	B-PROC
using	O
baculovirus	B-SPEC
vectors	O
in	O
insect	B-SPEC
cells	B-COMP
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
We	O
report	O
a	O
47	O
-	O
year	O
-	O
old	O
male	O
patient	O
with	O
fulminant	O
ornithosis	O
who	O
developed	O
severe	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
leading	O
to	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
complicated	O
by	O
gastrointestinal	O
,	O
neurological	O
and	O
renal	B-ANAT
symptoms	O
.	O

ARDS	B-DISO
was	O
successfully	O
treated	O
by	O
extracorporeal	O
lung	B-ANAT
assist	O
.	O

Lung	B-ANAT
recruitment	B-DISO
strategies	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
high	O
-	O
frequency	O
oscillatory	O
ventilation	O
(	O
HFOV	O
)	O
and	O
partial	O
liquid	O
ventilation	O
(	O
PLV	O
),	O
improve	O
gas	B-ENZY
exchange	O
and	O
attenuate	O
lung	B-DISO
inflammation	I-DISO
when	O
instituted	O
immediately	O
after	O
birth	B-PROC
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
We	O
conclude	O
that	O
each	O
lung	B-ANAT
recruitment	B-DISO
strategy	O
improved	O
oxygenation	B-PROC
in	O
premature	O
lambs	B-SPEC
with	O
established	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
.	O

Pathogen	O
-	O
free	O
Sprague	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
Dawley	I-SPEC
rats	I-SPEC
weighing	O
225	O
-	O
250	O
g	O
.	O
Sterile	B-DISO
,	O
endotoxin	O
-	O
and	O
cytokine	O
-	O
free	O
pancreatic	B-DISO
ascites	I-DISO
tested	O
for	O
interleukin	B-PRGE
(	O
IL	O
)-	O
1beta	O
,	O
TNF	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
alpha	I-PRGE
,	O
interferon	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
gamma	I-FUNC
,	O
and	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
6	I-FUNC
was	O
obtained	O
from	O
rats	B-SPEC
18	O
hrs	B-DISO
after	O
the	O
induction	O
of	O
severe	O
,	O
acute	O
pancreatitis	O
.	O

After	O
the	O
intravenous	O
administration	O
of	O
pancreatic	B-DISO
ascites	I-DISO
,	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
leukocytes	B-ANAT
and	O
the	O
protein	B-CHED
concentration	O
within	O
the	O
bronchoalveolar	O
fluid	O
were	O
increased	O
and	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
histology	O
was	O
worsened	O
consistent	O
with	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
(	O
all	O
p	O
<	O
.	O
001	O
vs	O
.	O
sham	O
).	O

Inhibition	B-PROC
of	O
p38	B-FUNC
mitogen	B-CHED
activated	O
kinase	O
decreases	O
the	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
injury	O
through	O
attenuated	O
production	O
of	O
TNF	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
alpha	I-PRGE
and	O
NO	O
suggesting	O
a	O
primary	O
role	O
for	O
these	O
mediators	O
in	O
pancreatitis	B-DISO
-	O
induced	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

Pulmonary	B-ANAT
NF	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
kappaB	I-PROC
activation	I-PROC
,	O
tumor	B-FUNC
necrosis	I-FUNC
factor	I-FUNC
(	O
TNF	B-FUNC
)	O
gene	B-PROC
expression	I-PROC
,	O
and	O
neutrophil	B-ANAT
infiltration	B-DISO
(	O
myeloperoxidase	B-PRGE
)	O
were	O
determined	O
and	O
myeloperoxidase	B-PRGE
experiments	O
repeated	O
in	O
p55	B-PRGE
TNF	B-PRGE
receptor	I-PRGE
-	O
deficient	O
(	O
TNF	B-PRGE
KO	I-PRGE
)	O
animals	B-SPEC
.	O

Additional	O
animals	O
received	O
pyrrolidine	B-CHED
dithiocarbamate	O
(	O
PDTC	O
),	O
an	O
inhibitor	B-CHED
of	O
NF	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
kappaB	I-PROC
activation	I-PROC
,	O
and	O
TNF	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
and	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
microvascular	B-PROC
permeability	I-PROC
were	O
measured	O
after	O
elastase	O
administration	O
.	O

To	O
determine	O
whether	O
a	O
patient	O
has	O
a	O
transudative	O
or	O
exudative	B-DISO
pleural	I-DISO
effusion	I-DISO
,	O
Light	O
'	O
s	O
criteria	O
should	O
be	O
applied	O
to	O
measure	O
the	O
concentrations	O
of	O
protein	B-CHED
and	O
lactate	B-PRGE
dehydrogenase	I-PRGE
(	O
LDH	B-PRGE
)	O
in	O
the	O
pleural	B-ANAT
fluid	I-ANAT
and	O
serum	B-COMP
.	O

If	O
the	O
effusion	B-DISO
is	O
exudative	O
,	O
attempts	O
should	O
be	O
made	O
to	O
define	O
the	O
etiology	O
.	O

Talc	O
is	O
not	O
recommended	O
because	O
it	O
induces	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
in	O
about	O
5	O
%	O
of	O
patients	O
,	O
with	O
an	O
overall	O
mortality	O
of	O
1	O
%.	O

However	O
,	O
on	O
day	O
4	O
she	O
developed	O
respiratory	B-DISO
distress	I-DISO
,	O
bronchospasm	B-DISO
and	O
visible	O
cyanosis	B-DISO
with	O
oxygen	B-CHED
saturation	O
of	O
88	O
%	O
while	O
on	O
2	O
L	O
oxygen	B-CHED
.	O

Itraconazole	B-CHED
therapy	O
was	O
instituted	O
without	O
any	O
adverse	O
sequelae	O
.	O

In	O
these	O
diseases	O
,	O
the	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
bloodflow	O
is	O
impaired	B-DISO
by	O
a	O
pathologic	B-DISO
constriction	I-DISO
of	O
blood	B-ANAT
vessels	I-ANAT
that	O
may	O
lead	O
to	O
right	O
ventricular	B-ANAT
overloading	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
serious	O
worsening	O
of	O
gas	B-ENZY
exchange	O
mainly	O
caused	O
by	O
ventilation	O
/	O
perfusion	O
mismatch	O
.	O

Pre	O
-	O
existing	O
antibody	B-COMP
titres	O
(	O
as	O
a	O
result	O
of	O
natural	O
infection	B-DISO
)	O
in	O
the	O
serum	B-COMP
of	O
these	O
animals	B-SPEC
were	O
found	O
to	O
be	O
significantly	O
increased	O
as	O
a	O
result	O
of	O
a	O
single	O
shot	O
vaccination	O
carried	O
out	O
between	O
2	O
and	O
12	O
weeks	O
before	O
calving	O
.	O

By	O
contrast	O
,	O
a	O
significant	O
number	O
of	O
CD8	B-PRGE
(+)	O
T	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
which	O
contained	O
detectable	O
viral	O
RNA	O
were	O
recovered	O
from	O
spinal	B-ANAT
cords	I-ANAT
of	O
V	O
-	O
1	O
-	O
infected	O
mice	B-SPEC
.	O

The	O
replicase	B-PRGE
polyprotein	O
is	O
extensively	O
processed	O
by	O
viral	O
and	O
perhaps	O
cellular	B-COMP
proteinases	O
to	O
give	O
rise	O
to	O
a	O
functional	O
replicase	B-PRGE
complex	I-PRGE
.	O

Pulse	B-PROC
-	O
chase	O
experiments	O
showed	O
that	O
p150	B-PRGE
is	O
rapidly	O
generated	O
in	O
MHV	B-SPEC
-	O
infected	O
cells	B-COMP
and	O
that	O
p44	B-PRGE
is	O
processed	O
from	O
the	O
p150	B-PRGE
precursor	I-PRGE
.	O

Protease	B-CHED
inhibitor	I-CHED
studies	O
revealed	O
that	O
unlike	O
3CLpro	O
activity	O
,	O
PLP2	B-PRGE
activity	O
is	O
not	O
sensitive	O
to	O
cysteine	B-CHED
protease	I-CHED
inhibitor	I-CHED
E64d	O
.	O

These	O
data	O
indicated	O
that	O
M	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
interacted	O
with	O
the	O
nucleocapsid	B-COMP
,	O
consisting	O
of	O
N	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
and	O
mRNA	B-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
,	O
in	O
infected	O
cells	B-COMP
.	O

The	O
majority	O
of	O
IBV	B-SPEC
strains	O
cause	O
tracheal	O
lesions	O
and	O
respiratory	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
with	O
low	O
mortality	O
due	O
to	O
secondary	O
bacterial	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
,	O
primarily	O
in	O
broilers	O
.	O

Nephropathogenic	O
strains	O
,	O
in	O
addition	O
to	O
tracheal	O
lesions	O
,	O
also	O
induce	O
prominent	O
kidney	B-ANAT
lesions	O
with	O
mortality	O
of	O
up	O
to	O
25	O
%	O
in	O
broilers	O
.	O

Virus	B-SPEC
neutralisation	O
test	O
in	O
tracheal	O
organ	B-ANAT
culture	O
is	O
the	O
best	O
method	O
for	O
antigenic	O
typing	O
.	O

Mycoplasma	B-DISO
spp	B-ENZY
.	O
are	O
regularly	O
found	O
in	O
an	O
upper	O
respiratory	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
syndrome	B-DISO
complicated	O
by	O
opportunistic	O
bacterial	O
pathogens	O
.	O

These	O
diseases	O
are	O
present	O
in	O
North	O
,	O
Central	O
and	O
South	O
America	O
where	O
the	O
associated	O
ornithophilic	O
mosquito	B-SPEC
vectors	O
occur	O
.	O

Equine	B-SPEC
and	O
human	B-SPEC
vaccines	O
are	O
apparently	O
safe	O
and	O
efficacious	O
in	O
ratites	O
.	O

Physical	O
examination	O
revealed	O
marked	O
pain	O
on	O
pressure	O
over	O
the	O
throacic	O
spine	B-COMP
.	O

Although	O
in	O
most	O
cases	O
the	O
adverse	B-DISO
effects	I-DISO
are	O
unpredictable	O
,	O
they	O
can	O
be	O
reduced	O
to	O
a	O
minimum	O
or	O
prevented	O
if	O
some	O
drugs	O
are	O
avoided	O
or	O
stopped	O
in	O
time	O
.	O

Recently	O
,	O
outbreaks	O
of	O
TGE	B-DISO
of	O
reduced	O
virulence	B-PROC
were	O
reported	O
in	O
the	O
field	O
.	O

Sequence	O
analysis	O
of	O
the	O
S	B-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
deletion	O
region	O
of	O
the	O
three	O
PRCV	O
isolates	O
revealed	O
identical	O
deletions	O
between	O
nt	O
105	O
-	O
752	O
,	O
which	O
differ	O
from	O
deletions	O
previously	O
reported	O
among	O
PRCV	O
strains	O
.	O

Thus	O
,	O
sequence	O
analysis	O
and	O
pathogenicity	O
studies	O
indicate	O
that	O
this	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
isolate	O
resembles	O
other	O
enteropathogenic	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
strains	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
A	O
total	O
of	O
446	O
serum	O
samples	O
from	O
88	O
herds	O
in	O
Korea	O
were	O
examined	O
for	O
antibody	B-COMP
to	O
porcine	B-SPEC
respiratory	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
PRCV	O
)	O
using	O
blocking	B-DISO
enzyme	O
-	O
linked	O
immunosorbent	O
assay	O
(	O
ELISA	O
).	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Formaldehyde	B-CHED
is	O
a	O
physiological	O
intermediary	O
metabolite	O
taking	O
part	O
in	O
many	O
biological	B-PROC
process	I-PROC
in	O
the	O
body	B-ANAT
.	O

The	O
expression	B-PROC
of	O
interferon	B-PRGE
response	I-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
47	I-PRGE
and	O
interferon	B-PRGE
regulatory	I-PRGE
factor	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
genes	I-PRGE
takes	O
place	O
after	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
gamma	I-PRGE
activation	O
in	O
both	O
macrophages	B-ANAT
,	O
indicating	O
their	O
activation	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Traumatic	O
hemorrhage	B-DISO
of	O
occult	O
pheochromocytoma	B-DISO
:	O
a	O
case	O
report	O
and	O
review	O
of	O
the	O
literature	O
.	O

Animal	B-SPEC
studies	O
have	O
shown	O
that	O
early	O
treatment	O
with	O
alpha	O
blockers	O
can	O
prevent	O
some	O
,	O
if	O
not	O
all	O
of	O
these	O
complications	O
.	O

Proper	O
management	O
of	O
hemorrhagic	O
pheochromocytoma	B-DISO
should	O
include	O
a	O
high	O
index	O
of	O
suspicion	O
with	O
early	O
diagnosis	O
and	O
treatment	O
with	O
alpha	O
blockers	O
and	O
surgical	O
resection	O
of	O
the	O
tumor	O
when	O
the	O
patient	O
is	O
stable	O
enough	O
to	O
tolerate	O
the	O
procedure	O
.	O

Mouse	B-SPEC
eyes	B-ANAT
harvested	O
at	O
varying	O
times	O
after	O
inoculation	O
were	O
evaluated	O
for	O
apoptotic	O
and	O
immunologic	O
events	O
by	O
hematoxylin	B-CHED
and	O
eosin	O
staining	O
,	O
immunohistochemical	O
staining	O
,	O
in	O
situ	O
terminal	B-PRGE
deoxynucleotidyltransferase	I-PRGE
dUTP	B-CHED
nick	O
-	O
end	O
labeling	O
(	O
TUNEL	O
)	O
assay	O
,	O
and	O
electron	O
microscopy	O
.	O

Isolated	O
retinas	B-ANAT
were	O
analyzed	O
for	O
infectious	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
and	O
for	O
expression	B-PROC
of	O
apoptosis	B-PATH
-	O
associated	O
genes	O
.	O

Overexpression	B-PROC
of	O
hnRNP	B-PRGE
A1	I-PRGE
accelerated	O
the	O
kinetics	O
of	O
viral	O
RNA	B-PROC
synthesis	I-PROC
,	O
whereas	O
the	O
expression	B-PROC
in	O
the	O
cytoplasm	B-COMP
of	O
a	O
dominant	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
negative	I-PRGE
hnRNP	I-PRGE
A1	I-PRGE
mutant	B-DISO
that	O
lacks	O
the	O
nuclear	B-PROC
transport	I-PROC
domain	O
significantly	O
delayed	O
it	O
.	O

The	O
main	O
and	O
unusual	O
cause	O
of	O
ARD	B-ENZY
was	O
hypophosphataemia	B-DISO
.	O

Seroconversion	O
to	O
BCV	B-SPEC
during	O
the	O
initial	O
28	O
days	O
after	O
arrival	O
was	O
detected	O
in	O
473	O
of	O
814	O
(	O
58	O
%)	O
cattle	B-SPEC
tested	O
(	O
range	O
,	O
20	O
.	O
3	O
to	O
84	O
.	O
1	O
%	O
within	O
specific	O
groups	O
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Association	O
between	O
infection	B-DISO
of	O
the	O
respiratory	B-ANAT
tract	I-ANAT
attributable	O
to	O
bovine	B-SPEC
coronavirus	B-SPEC
and	O
health	O
and	O
growth	O
performance	O
of	O
cattle	B-SPEC
in	O
feedlots	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Serologic	O
survey	O
of	O
selected	O
viral	O
agents	O
in	O
recently	O
captured	O
wild	O
North	O
American	O
river	B-SPEC
otters	I-SPEC
(	O
Lontra	B-SPEC
canadensis	I-SPEC
).	O

MHV	B-SPEC
-	O
induced	O
28S	B-PRGE
rRNA	I-PRGE
cleavage	B-PROC
was	O
detected	O
in	O
all	O
MHV	B-SPEC
-	O
susceptible	O
cell	B-ANAT
lines	I-ANAT
and	O
all	O
MHV	B-SPEC
strains	O
tested	O
.	O

In	O
certain	O
combination	O
of	O
cells	B-COMP
and	O
viruses	B-SPEC
,	O
pretreatment	O
of	O
virus	B-SPEC
-	O
infected	O
cells	B-COMP
with	O
interferon	B-PRGE
activates	O
a	O
cellular	B-COMP
endoribonuclease	O
,	O
RNase	B-PRGE
L	I-PRGE
,	O
that	O
causes	O
rRNA	B-PROC
degradation	I-PROC
.	O

Furthermore	O
,	O
28S	B-PRGE
rRNA	I-PRGE
cleavage	B-PROC
occurred	O
in	O
an	O
MHV	B-SPEC
-	O
infected	O
mouse	B-ANAT
embryonic	I-ANAT
fibroblast	I-ANAT
cell	B-ANAT
line	I-ANAT
derived	O
from	O
RNase	B-PRGE
L	I-PRGE
knockout	O
mice	B-SPEC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Helicase	B-PRGE
and	O
capping	B-PROC
enzyme	O
active	O
site	O
mutations	O
in	O
brome	B-SPEC
mosaic	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
protein	B-CHED
1a	O
cause	O
defects	O
in	O
template	O
recruitment	O
,	O
negative	O
-	O
strand	O
RNA	B-PROC
synthesis	I-PROC
,	O
and	O
viral	O
RNA	B-PROC
capping	I-PROC
.	O

These	O
results	O
are	O
discussed	O
in	O
relation	O
to	O
the	O
interconnected	O
functions	O
required	O
for	O
different	O
steps	O
of	O
positive	O
-	O
strand	O
RNA	O
virus	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
.	O

Sequencing	O
of	O
nucleocapsid	B-ANAT
protein	B-CHED
(	O
N	O
)	O
gene	O
amplicons	O
revealed	O
point	B-PROC
mutations	I-PROC
in	O
OC43	O
,	O
some	O
consistently	O
found	O
in	O
three	O
MS	O
patient	O
brains	B-ANAT
and	O
one	O
normal	O
control	O
but	O
never	O
observed	O
in	O
laboratory	O
viruses	B-SPEC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Equine	B-SPEC
arteritis	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
EAV	B-SPEC
),	O
the	O
prototype	O
arterivirus	B-SPEC
,	O
is	O
an	O
enveloped	O
plus	O
-	O
strand	O
RNA	O
virus	B-SPEC
with	O
a	O
genome	O
of	O
approximately	O
13	O
kb	O
.	O

Using	O
recombination	B-PROC
assays	O
based	O
on	O
EDI	O
RNA	O
and	O
full	O
-	O
length	O
EAV	B-SPEC
genomes	O
containing	O
specific	O
mutations	O
,	O
the	O
rates	O
of	O
homologous	O
RNA	O
recombination	B-PROC
in	O
the	O
3	O
'-	O
and	O
5	O
'-	O
proximal	O
regions	O
of	O
the	O
EAV	B-SPEC
genome	O
were	O
studied	O
.	O

Several	O
experimental	O
animal	B-SPEC
models	O
have	O
been	O
developed	O
to	O
study	O
the	O
mechanism	O
of	O
virus	B-SPEC
-	O
induced	O
demyelination	B-DISO
,	O
including	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
mouse	B-DISO
hepatitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
MHV	B-SPEC
)	O
infection	B-DISO
in	O
mice	B-SPEC
.	O

The	O
envelope	B-PRGE
spike	I-PRGE
(	I-PRGE
S	I-PRGE
)	I-PRGE
glycoprotein	B-CHED
of	O
MHV	B-SPEC
contains	O
determinants	O
of	O
properties	O
essential	O
for	O
virus	B-SPEC
-	O
host	B-COMP
interactions	O
.	O

Whether	O
any	O
of	O
these	O
also	O
function	O
in	O
viral	O
RNA	B-PROC
synthesis	I-PROC
is	O
unknown	O
.	O

We	O
also	O
constructed	O
a	O
mutant	B-DISO
in	O
which	O
translation	B-PROC
of	O
the	O
intraleader	O
ORF	O
was	O
disrupted	O
.	O

This	O
mutant	B-DISO
had	O
a	O
wild	O
-	O
type	O
phenotype	O
,	O
indicating	O
that	O
,	O
at	O
least	O
in	O
cell	O
culture	O
,	O
the	O
product	O
of	O
this	O
ORF	O
does	O
not	O
play	O
a	O
role	O
in	O
the	O
EAV	B-SPEC
replication	O
cycle	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Changes	O
in	O
emergency	B-DISO
visits	O
of	O
patients	O
infected	O
by	O
human	B-DISO
immunodeficiency	I-DISO
virus	I-DISO
since	O
the	O
widespread	O
use	O
of	O
protease	O
inhibitors	O
].	O

Comparison	O
on	O
the	O
visits	O
made	O
during	O
a	O
period	O
prior	O
to	O
and	O
after	O
use	O
of	O
protease	B-CHED
inhibitor	I-CHED
.	O

After	O
the	O
generalisation	O
of	O
the	O
protease	B-PROC
inhibitors	I-PROC
the	O
visits	O
rate	O
decreased	O
,	O
the	O
motives	O
for	O
consulting	O
with	O
the	O
physician	O
and	O
complementary	O
examinations	O
changed	O
,	O
invasive	O
therapeutic	O
procedures	O
,	O
admissions	O
from	O
urgencies	O
and	O
death	B-PROC
rates	O
decreased	O
.	O

Of	O
the	O
evaluations	O
performed	O
at	O
slaughter	O
,	O
only	O
detection	O
of	O
lung	B-ANAT
lesions	O
was	O
consistently	O
associated	O
with	O
a	O
decrease	O
in	O
ADG	O
.	O

Results	O
suggest	O
that	O
subclinical	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
with	O
any	O
of	O
a	O
variety	O
of	O
pathogens	O
commonly	O
found	O
in	O
swine	B-SPEC
herds	O
was	O
associated	O
with	O
a	O
decrease	O
in	O
ADG	O
.	O

Genome	O
-	O
length	O
replicative	O
intermediate	O
(	O
RI	O
)	O
RNA	O
was	O
purified	O
by	O
two	O
-	O
dimensional	O
gel	O
electrophoresis	O
of	O
intracellular	B-COMP
RNAs	O
from	O
cells	B-COMP
infected	O
with	O
mouse	B-DISO
hepatitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
.	O

RNase	B-PRGE
A	I-PRGE
treatment	O
of	O
the	O
purified	O
genome	O
-	O
length	O
RI	O
resulted	O
in	O
the	O
production	O
of	O
the	O
genome	O
-	O
length	O
replicative	O
form	O
RNA	O
,	O
indicating	O
that	O
the	O
genome	O
-	O
length	O
RI	O
included	O
genome	O
-	O
length	O
template	B-CHED
RNA	I-CHED
.	O

RNase	B-PRGE
protection	O
assays	O
using	O
the	O
purified	O
genome	O
-	O
length	O
RI	O
and	O
two	O
probes	O
,	O
which	O
corresponded	O
to	O
the	O
5	O
'	O
300	O
-	O
nt	O
region	O
of	O
mRNA	O
6	O
and	O
to	O
the	O
same	O
region	O
of	O
mRNA	B-CHED
7	O
,	O
showed	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
nascent	O
leader	O
sequence	O
-	O
containing	O
subgenomic	O
mRNAs	O
in	O
the	O
genome	O
-	O
length	O
RI	O
.	O

The	O
protein	B-CHED
also	O
had	O
both	O
RNA	O
and	O
DNA	O
duplex	O
-	O
unwinding	O
activities	O
that	O
required	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
5	O
'	O
single	O
-	O
stranded	O
regions	O
on	O
the	O
partial	O
-	O
duplex	O
substrates	O
,	O
indicating	O
a	O
5	O
'-	O
to	O
-	O
3	O
'	O
polarity	O
in	O
the	O
unwinding	O
reaction	O
.	O

Results	O
of	O
this	O
study	O
suggest	O
a	O
close	O
functional	O
relationship	O
between	O
the	O
arterivirus	B-SPEC
nsp10	O
and	O
the	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
helicase	O
,	O
for	O
which	O
NTPase	O
and	O
duplex	O
-	O
unwinding	O
activities	O
were	O
recently	O
demonstrated	O
.	O

Furthermore	O
,	O
when	O
potato	B-SPEC
tubers	B-SPEC
expressing	O
N	O
-	O
gS	O
were	O
fed	O
directly	O
to	O
mice	B-SPEC
,	O
they	O
developed	O
serum	B-COMP
antibodies	B-COMP
specific	O
for	O
gS	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
,	O
demonstrating	O
the	O
oral	B-ANAT
immunogenicity	O
of	O
the	O
plant	B-SPEC
derived	O
spike	O
protein	B-CHED
from	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
.	O

Only	O
one	O
patient	O
had	O
multiple	O
deletions	O
in	O
the	O
mtDNA	B-COMP
.	O

Anti	O
-	O
TCV	B-SPEC
hyperimmune	O
turkey	B-SPEC
serum	B-COMP
and	O
normal	O
turkey	B-SPEC
serum	B-COMP
were	O
used	O
as	O
positive	O
or	O
negative	O
control	O
serum	B-COMP
for	O
optimization	O
of	O
the	O
ELISA	O
system	O
.	O

The	O
ELISA	O
values	O
of	O
all	O
45	O
normal	O
turkey	B-SPEC
sera	B-COMP
were	O
completely	O
separated	O
from	O
that	O
of	O
IFA	O
-	O
positive	O
sera	B-COMP
.	O

All	O
birds	B-SPEC
were	O
tested	O
to	O
be	O
free	O
from	O
Mycoplasma	B-SPEC
gallisepticum	I-SPEC
and	O
Mycoplasma	B-SPEC
synoviae	I-SPEC
.	O

Analysis	O
of	O
data	O
from	O
both	O
studies	O
showed	O
that	O
protection	O
to	O
IB	O
in	O
groups	O
that	O
received	O
only	O
IB	O
vaccines	O
at	O
hatch	B-PROC
ranged	O
from	O
55	O
.	O
0	O
%	O
to	O
77	O
.	O
3	O
%,	O
whereas	O
protection	O
to	O
IB	O
in	O
groups	O
receiving	O
both	O
MD	O
and	O
IB	O
vaccines	O
ranged	O
from	O
50	O
.	O
0	O
%	O
to	O
95	O
.	O
5	O
%.	O

The	O
fifth	O
isolate	O
,	O
Ark	B-PRGE
/	O
1535	O
/	O
95	O
,	O
may	O
constitute	O
another	O
subtype	O
of	O
the	O
Ark	B-PRGE
serotype	I-PRGE
.	O

Vaccination	O
of	O
SPF	B-PRGE
chickens	I-PRGE
with	O
a	O
high	O
-	O
titering	O
commercially	O
available	O
live	O
vaccine	O
containing	O
the	O
Ark	O
DPI	O
strain	O
provided	O
solid	O
protection	O
(>	O
90	O
%)	O
against	O
challenge	O
with	O
the	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
Ark	O
-	O
positive	O
field	O
isolates	O
.	O

Primers	O
for	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
were	O
designed	O
to	O
distinguish	O
between	O
the	O
Ark	B-PRGE
subtypes	O
and	O
the	O
Ark	B-PRGE
reference	O
strains	O
on	O
the	O
basis	O
of	O
the	O
characteristic	O
six	O
-	O
nucleotide	B-CHED
deletion	O
identified	O
in	O
the	O
S	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
of	O
the	O
Ark	B-PRGE
subtypes	O
.	O

With	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
,	O
restriction	O
fragment	O
length	O
polymorphism	B-PROC
analysis	O
,	O
and	O
DNA	O
sequencing	O
techniques	O
,	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
Ark	B-PRGE
subtype	O
viruses	B-SPEC
was	O
demonstrated	O
in	O
two	O
commercial	O
Ark	O
DPI	O
strain	O
vaccines	O
and	O
in	O
our	O
Ark	B-PRGE
DPI	O
laboratory	O
stocks	O
that	O
were	O
the	O
original	O
source	O
of	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
used	O
for	O
vaccine	O
development	B-PROC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Fifteen	O
isolations	O
of	O
infectious	O
bronchitis	B-DISO
(	O
IB	O
)	O
virus	B-SPEC
were	O
made	O
from	O
a	O
total	O
of	O
126	O
Brazilian	O
poultry	O
flocks	O
of	O
all	O
ages	O
that	O
were	O
examined	O
.	O

The	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
,	O
MAb	O
-	O
based	O
fluorescent	O
antibody	B-COMP
(	O
FA	O
),	O
and	O
MAb	O
-	O
based	O
immunoperoxidase	O
(	O
IP	O
)	O
procedures	O
were	O
compared	O
with	O
virus	B-SPEC
isolation	O
(	O
VI	O
)	O
for	O
detection	O
of	O
TCV	B-SPEC
in	O
experimentally	O
infected	O
turkeys	B-SPEC
.	O

Hepatic	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
was	O
a	O
criterion	O
indicating	O
the	O
failure	O
of	O
CPAP	O
:	O
1	O
/	O
16	O
vs	O
.	O
26	O
/	O
48	O
(	O
p	O
=	O
.	O
001	O
).	O

In	O
multivariate	O
analysis	O
,	O
two	O
variables	O
were	O
predictive	O
of	O
failure	O
of	O
CPAP	O
:	O
Simplified	O
Acute	O
Physiology	O
Score	O
II	O
(	O
58	O
+/-	O
14	O
vs	O
.	O
41	O
+/-	O
11	O
)	O
and	O
a	O
hepatic	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
at	O
the	O
entry	O
into	O
the	O
study	O
.	O

Case	O
#	O
2	O
:	O
A	O
previously	O
healthy	O
4	O
yr	O
-	O
old	O
girl	O
was	O
admitted	O
to	O
the	O
PICU	O
for	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
.	O

She	O
developed	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
,	O
cardiomyopathy	B-DISO
with	O
complete	B-DISO
atrioventricular	I-DISO
block	I-DISO
,	O
shock	O
,	O
capillary	B-ANAT
leak	O
,	O
liver	B-DISO
dysfunction	I-DISO
,	O
and	O
RHS	B-DISO
(	O
pancytopenia	B-DISO
and	O
hemophagocytosis	B-DISO
on	O
bone	B-ANAT
marrow	I-ANAT
aspirate	I-ANAT
).	O

In	O
acute	O
influenza	B-DISO
and	O
ARVI	O
the	O
majority	O
of	O
the	O
postcapillary	O
veins	B-ANAT
and	O
capillaries	B-ANAT
were	O
affected	O
with	O
sludge	B-ANAT
syndrome	B-DISO
,	O
there	O
were	O
marked	O
perivascular	O
and	O
vascular	B-ANAT
changes	O
.	O

Convalescence	O
was	O
accompanied	O
with	O
reduced	O
permeability	O
and	O
intravascular	O
aggregation	O
of	O
erythrocytes	B-ANAT
,	O
microvessels	O
improved	O
tonicity	O
.	O

The	O
application	O
of	O
this	O
new	O
knowledge	O
regarding	O
salt	B-CHED
and	O
water	B-PROC
transport	B-PROC
in	O
alveolar	B-ANAT
epithelium	I-ANAT
in	O
relation	O
to	O
pathologic	O
conditions	O
has	O
been	O
successful	O
in	O
clinically	O
relevant	O
experimental	O
studies	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
in	O
a	O
few	O
clinical	O
studies	O
.	O

Exogenous	O
catecholamines	B-CHED
can	O
increase	O
the	O
rate	O
of	O
alveolar	B-ANAT
fluid	O
clearance	O
in	O
several	O
species	B-SPEC
,	O
including	O
the	O
human	B-SPEC
lung	B-ANAT
,	O
and	O
it	O
is	O
also	O
apparent	O
that	O
release	B-PATH
of	O
endogenous	O
catecholamines	B-CHED
can	O
upregulate	O
alveolar	B-ANAT
fluid	O
clearance	O
in	O
animals	B-SPEC
with	O
septic	O
or	O
hypovolemic	B-DISO
shock	I-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Inhaled	B-PROC
nitric	B-CHED
oxide	I-CHED
and	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
.	O

Because	O
of	O
its	O
property	O
as	O
a	O
""""	O
selective	O
""""	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
vasodilator	B-CHED
and	O
because	O
of	O
its	O
apparent	O
clinical	O
safety	O
,	O
inhaled	B-PROC
NO	O
has	O
been	O
proposed	O
in	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
(	O
ALI	O
)	O
to	O
improve	O
severe	O
hypoxemia	O
.	O

In	O
addition	O
to	O
high	O
-	O
dose	O
methylprednisolone	B-CHED
the	O
patient	O
was	O
given	O
intravenous	O
pulse	B-PROC
cyclophosphamide	B-CHED
fortnightly	O
for	O
six	O
weeks	O
and	O
afterwards	O
every	O
4	O
weeks	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Disturbances	O
in	O
leptin	B-PRGE
metabolism	B-PROC
are	O
related	O
to	O
energy	O
imbalance	B-DISO
during	O
acute	O
exacerbations	O
of	O
chronic	O
obstructive	O
pulmonary	O
disease	O
.	O

Experimental	O
and	O
clinical	O
research	O
supports	O
the	O
hypothesis	O
of	O
involvement	O
of	O
the	O
hormone	B-CHED
leptin	B-PRGE
in	O
body	B-ANAT
weight	O
and	O
energy	B-PROC
balance	I-PROC
homeostasis	B-PROC
.	O

In	O
addition	O
,	O
the	O
dietary	B-PROC
intake	I-PROC
/	O
REE	O
ratio	O
was	O
not	O
only	O
inversely	O
related	O
with	O
LN	B-PRGE
leptin	I-PRGE
(-	O
0	O
.	O
74	O
,	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
037	O
),	O
but	O
also	O
with	O
sTNF	O
-	O
R55	O
(	O
r	O
=	O
-	O
0	O
.	O
93	O
,	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
001	O
)	O
on	O
day	O
seven	O
.	O

(	O
b	O
)	O
To	O
propose	O
a	O
new	O
ARDS	B-DISO
Severity	O
Score	O
to	O
identify	O
patients	O
with	O
a	O
high	O
mortality	O
risk	O
.	O

A	O
new	O
ARDS	B-DISO
Severity	O
Score	O
based	O
on	O
CT	O
lung	B-ANAT
morphology	O
and	O
cardiorespiratory	O
parameters	O
accurately	O
identified	O
patients	O
with	O
the	O
most	O
severe	O
forms	O
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
and	O
a	O
mortality	O
rate	O
above	O
60	O
%.	O

Recent	O
evidence	O
suggests	O
that	O
the	O
FIPV	O
has	O
evolved	O
as	O
a	O
deletion	B-PROC
mutation	I-PROC
of	O
FECV	B-SPEC
.	O

Applying	O
indicator	B-CHED
-	O
dilution	O
techniques	O
,	O
we	O
measured	O
single	O
-	O
pass	O
transpulmonary	O
hydrolysis	O
of	O
the	O
synthetic	B-PRGE
ACE	I-PRGE
substrate	I-PRGE
(	I-PRGE
3	I-PRGE
)	I-PRGE
H	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
benzoyl	B-CHED
-	I-PRGE
Phe	B-CHED
-	I-PRGE
Ala	B-CHED
-	I-PRGE
Pro	B-CHED
(	O
BPAP	O
)	O
in	O
33	O
mechanically	O
ventilated	O
,	O
critically	B-DISO
ill	I-DISO
patients	O
with	O
a	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
score	O
(	O
LIS	B-FUNC
)	O
ranging	O
from	O
0	O
(	O
no	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
)	O
to	O
3	O
.	O
7	O
(	O
severe	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
)	O
and	O
calculated	O
the	O
kinetic	O
parameter	O
A	O
(	O
max	O
)/	O
K	O
(	O
m	O
).	O

The	O
spore	B-COMP
wall	I-COMP
showed	O
an	O
enlarged	O
endospore	O
and	O
delaminated	O
exospore	B-COMP
.	O

Mature	O
spores	O
had	O
a	O
complete	O
cytoplasmic	B-COMP
disorganization	O
and	O
a	O
swollen	O
and	O
delaminated	O
cell	B-COMP
wall	I-COMP
.	O

This	O
study	O
compared	O
consecutive	O
Far	O
-	O
East	O
Asian	O
men	O
with	O
OSAS	B-DISO
(	O
n	O
=	O
50	O
)	O
with	O
two	O
selected	O
groups	O
of	O
White	O
men	O
with	O
OSAS	B-DISO
(	O
n	O
=	O
50	O
in	O
each	O
group	O
).	O

The	O
majority	O
of	O
the	O
Far	O
-	O
East	O
Asian	O
men	O
in	O
this	O
study	O
were	O
found	O
to	O
be	O
nonobese	O
,	O
despite	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
severe	O
OSAS	B-DISO
.	O

When	O
compared	O
with	O
white	O
men	O
,	O
Far	O
-	O
East	O
Asian	O
men	O
were	O
less	O
obese	B-DISO
but	O
had	O
greater	O
severity	O
of	O
OSAS	B-DISO
.	O

In	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
the	O
immunoprophylactic	O
effects	O
of	O
chicken	B-PRGE
egg	B-ANAT
yolk	B-COMP
immunoglobulin	B-PROC
(	O
Ig	O
Y	O
)	O
against	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
were	O
investigated	O
in	O
neonatal	O
pigs	B-SPEC
.	O

Deletion	O
of	O
this	O
sequence	O
abrogated	O
transcriptional	B-PROC
activity	O
and	O
disrupted	O
the	O
predicted	O
stem	B-ANAT
-	O
loops	O
and	O
overall	O
RNA	O
secondary	O
structure	O
at	O
the	O
5	O
'	O
untranslated	O
region	O
,	O
suggesting	O
that	O
the	O
secondary	O
structure	O
formed	O
by	O
this	O
35	O
-	O
nt	O
sequence	O
may	O
facilitate	O
the	O
downstream	O
consensus	O
sequence	O
accessible	O
for	O
the	O
discontinuous	O
RNA	O
transcription	B-PROC
.	O

The	O
5	O
'-	O
most	O
24	O
nt	O
are	O
not	O
essential	O
for	O
transcription	B-PROC
,	O
while	O
the	O
9	O
nt	O
immediately	O
downstream	O
of	O
the	O
leader	O
enhances	O
RNA	O
transcription	B-PROC
.	O

This	O
study	O
thus	O
defines	O
the	O
cis	B-DISO
-	O
acting	O
transcription	B-PROC
signal	O
at	O
the	O
5	O
'	O
end	O
of	O
the	O
DI	O
genome	O
.	O

Transcripts	O
derived	O
from	O
the	O
full	O
-	O
length	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
construct	O
were	O
infectious	O
,	O
and	O
progeny	O
virions	B-COMP
were	O
serially	O
passaged	O
in	O
permissive	O
host	B-COMP
cells	B-COMP
.	O

The	O
recombinant	O
viruses	B-SPEC
were	O
sequenced	O
across	O
the	O
unique	O
interconnecting	O
junctions	O
,	O
conclusively	O
demonstrating	O
the	O
marker	O
mutations	O
and	O
restriction	O
sites	O
that	O
were	O
engineered	O
into	O
the	O
component	O
clones	O
.	O

Fifty	O
-	O
seven	O
patients	O
operated	O
for	O
esophageal	B-DISO
cancer	I-DISO
in	O
1997	O
and	O
1998	O
were	O
treated	O
with	O
perioperative	O
steroid	B-CHED
therapy	O
.	O

Days	O
until	O
extubation	O
and	O
hospital	O
stay	O
were	O
significantly	O
shorter	O
for	O
the	O
steroid	B-CHED
group	O
.	O

Inflammatory	O
mediators	O
,	O
body	B-ANAT
temperature	O
,	O
heart	B-ANAT
rate	O
,	O
and	O
respiratory	O
index	O
after	O
the	O
surgical	O
procedure	O
were	O
significantly	O
lower	O
in	O
the	O
steroid	B-CHED
group	O
.	O

Adverse	B-DISO
effects	I-DISO
possibly	O
caused	O
by	O
steroid	B-CHED
therapy	O
were	O
not	O
observed	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
determine	O
the	O
effect	O
of	O
vitamin	O
A	O
supplementation	O
on	O
the	O
risk	O
of	O
diarrhea	B-DISO
and	O
of	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
.	O

Vitamin	B-CHED
A	I-CHED
supplements	O
provide	O
a	O
low	O
-	O
cost	O
intervention	O
against	O
morbidity	O
in	O
HIV	B-DISO
-	O
infected	O
and	O
undernourished	B-DISO
children	O
.	O

Whether	O
these	O
apparent	O
detrimental	O
effects	O
of	O
vitamin	B-CHED
A	I-CHED
are	O
transient	O
or	O
long	O
-	O
term	O
needs	O
to	O
be	O
examined	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Relative	O
to	O
those	O
receiving	O
placebo	O
,	O
children	O
receiving	O
vitamin	B-CHED
A	I-CHED
had	O
a	O
significantly	O
smaller	O
risk	O
of	O
severe	O
watery	B-DISO
diarrhea	I-DISO
(	O
multivariate	O
odds	O
ratio	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
56	O
,	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
32	O
-	O
0	O
.	O
99	O
,	O
P	O
=.	O
04	O
)	O
but	O
a	O
higher	O
risk	O
of	O
cough	B-DISO
and	O
rapid	O
respiratory	O
rate	O
(	O
multivariate	O
odds	O
ratio	O
=	O
1	O
.	O
67	O
,	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
=	O
1	O
.	O
17	O
-	O
2	O
.	O
36	O
,	O
P	O
=.	O
004	O
).	O

Sequence	O
analysis	O
of	O
virus	B-SPEC
genome	O
N	O
-,	O
G1	O
-,	O
and	O
G2	O
-	O
encoding	O
fragments	O
showed	O
this	O
to	O
be	O
a	O
novel	O
hantavirus	B-SPEC
,	O
Choclo	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Dengue	B-DISO
:	O
a	O
new	O
approach	O
].	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Serious	O
complications	O
of	O
bacteremia	B-DISO
caused	O
by	O
Viridans	O
streptococci	O
in	O
neutropenic	O
patients	O
with	O
cancer	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Optimization	O
of	O
bovine	B-PRGE
coronavirus	B-SPEC
hemagglutinin	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
estrase	I-PRGE
glycoprotein	B-CHED
expression	B-PROC
in	O
E3	O
deleted	O
bovine	O
adenovirus	B-DISO
-	O
3	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Adenoviral	B-SPEC
vectors	O
expressing	O
foreign	O
genes	O
have	O
many	O
desirable	O
properties	O
in	O
applications	O
such	O
as	O
vaccination	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Ten	O
calves	O
which	O
had	O
contracted	O
acute	B-DISO
diarrhoea	I-DISO
caused	O
by	O
rotavirus	B-SPEC
,	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
and	O
Cryptosporidium	B-SPEC
were	O
used	O
to	O
test	O
the	O
hypothesis	O
that	O
feeding	O
lactose	B-CHED
-	O
hydrolysed	O
cow	B-SPEC
'	O
s	O
milk	O
instead	O
of	O
unprocessed	O
cow	B-SPEC
'	O
s	O
milk	O
improves	O
sugar	O
absorption	O
in	O
diarrhoeic	O
calves	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
High	O
-	O
frequency	O
oscillatory	O
ventilation	O
(	O
HFOV	O
)	O
constitutes	O
an	O
important	O
advance	O
in	O
the	O
management	O
of	O
children	O
with	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
.	O

Conventional	O
and	O
HFOV	O
ventilatory	O
,	O
gasometric	O
and	O
hemodynamic	B-PROC
parameters	O
of	O
patients	O
included	O
in	O
the	O
protocol	O
during	O
a	O
5	O
-	O
month	O
period	O
were	O
registered	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
first	O
24	O
hours	O
were	O
analyzed	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Functional	O
analysis	O
of	O
an	O
epitope	B-CHED
in	O
the	O
S2	O
subunit	O
of	O
the	O
murine	B-PRGE
coronavirus	I-PRGE
spike	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
:	O
involvement	O
in	O
fusion	O
activity	O
.	O

Presumably	O
this	O
occurs	O
because	O
the	O
consensus	O
IG	O
sequence	O
serves	O
as	O
the	O
template	O
switching	O
site	O
for	O
the	O
viral	B-PRGE
encoded	I-PRGE
polymerase	I-PRGE
.	O

Instead	O
of	O
measuring	O
the	O
protection	O
of	O
vaccinated	O
animals	B-SPEC
against	O
virulent	O
pathogens	O
,	O
the	O
serological	O
response	O
after	O
vaccination	O
can	O
be	O
quantified	O
for	O
some	O
vaccines	O
.	O

The	O
question	O
,	O
however	O
,	O
of	O
whether	O
the	O
improved	O
ECMO	O
can	O
really	O
challenge	O
the	O
advanced	O
conventional	O
treatment	O
of	O
adult	O
ARDS	B-DISO
is	O
unanswered	O
and	O
will	O
need	O
evaluation	O
by	O
a	O
future	O
RCT	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Guillain	O
-	O
Barré	O
syndrome	B-DISO
(	O
GBS	B-DISO
)	O
is	O
an	O
acute	O
immune	O
-	O
mediated	O
polyneuropathy	O
.	O

Two	O
thirds	O
of	O
GBS	B-DISO
patients	O
are	O
unable	O
to	O
walk	O
at	O
their	O
most	O
severe	O
state	O
of	O
disease	O
.	O

These	O
""""	O
treatment	O
related	O
clinical	O
fluctuations	B-DISO
""""	O
are	O
more	O
frequently	O
seen	O
in	O
relatively	O
young	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
motor	O
and	O
sensory	O
involvement	O
associated	O
with	O
a	O
preceding	O
and	O
possibly	O
ongoing	O
cytomegalovirus	O
infection	O
.	O

His	O
past	O
history	O
revealed	O
a	O
severe	O
trauma	O
4	O
years	O
ago	O
,	O
including	O
multiple	O
bone	B-ANAT
fractures	O
,	O
rupture	O
of	O
the	O
spleen	B-ANAT
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
renal	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
,	O
and	O
an	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
,	O
from	O
which	O
he	O
showed	O
good	O
recovery	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
eighteen	O
months	O
ago	O
,	O
he	O
complained	O
about	O
a	O
transient	O
weakness	B-DISO
of	O
his	O
left	O
arm	B-ANAT
and	I-ANAT
leg	I-ANAT
.	O

This	O
could	O
be	O
confirmed	O
by	O
CT	O
-	O
and	O
MR	O
-	O
based	O
angiography	O
,	O
which	O
also	O
revealed	O
a	O
reopened	O
embolic	B-DISO
occlusion	I-DISO
of	O
the	O
M1	O
-	O
segment	O
of	O
the	O
right	B-ANAT
middle	I-ANAT
cerebral	I-ANAT
artery	I-ANAT
.	O

The	O
patient	O
presented	O
with	O
symptoms	O
compatible	O
with	O
a	O
severe	O
systemic	O
reaction	O
to	O
BCG	B-PRGE
therapy	O
,	O
a	O
rare	O
but	O
possible	O
adverse	B-DISO
effect	I-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
A	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
was	O
isolated	O
from	O
feces	O
of	O
a	O
diarrheic	O
foal	O
and	O
serially	O
propagated	O
in	O
human	B-SPEC
rectal	B-DISO
adenocarcinoma	I-DISO
(	O
HRT	O
-	O
18	O
)	O
cells	B-COMP
.	O

COMPOSITE	O
OUTCOMES	O
:	O
No	O
significant	O
differences	O
in	O
outcome	O
were	O
found	O
between	O
the	O
two	O
protocol	O
groups	O
in	O
terms	O
of	O
patients	O
who	O
either	O
died	B-PROC
or	O
had	O
serious	O
complications	O
,	O
nor	O
for	O
patients	O
who	O
either	O
died	B-PROC
or	O
had	O
known	O
poor	O
health	O
.	O

Institution	O
of	O
invasive	O
therapeutic	O
methods	O
:	O
continuous	O
mandatory	O
ventilation	O
(	O
CMV	B-SPEC
)	O
with	O
positive	O
end	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
expiratory	I-PROC
pressure	O
(	O
PEEP	B-CHED
)	O
and	O
plasmapheresis	O
,	O
together	O
with	O
antibioticotherapy	O
resulted	O
in	O
complete	O
recovery	O
.	O

In	O
contrast	O
,	O
the	O
coronaviruses	O
produced	O
little	O
CPE	O
in	O
A3	O
-	O
1M	O
and	O
CMT	O
-	O
93	O
cells	B-COMP
.	O

These	O
data	O
suggest	O
that	O
B16	O
and	O
IC	O
-	O
21	O
cells	B-COMP
are	O
suitable	O
for	O
large	O
-	O
scale	O
preparation	O
and	O
isolation	O
of	O
murine	B-SPEC
coronaviruses	O
,	O
respectively	O
.	O

There	O
were	O
no	O
significant	O
differences	O
between	O
the	O
2	O
groups	O
with	O
respect	O
to	O
eclampsia	B-DISO
(	O
16	O
%	O
vs	O
13	O
%),	O
abruptio	B-DISO
placentae	I-DISO
(	O
6	O
%	O
vs	O
9	O
%),	O
disseminated	O
intravascular	O
coagulopathy	B-DISO
(	O
13	O
%	O
vs	O
0	O
%),	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
edema	I-DISO
(	O
13	O
%	O
vs	O
6	O
%),	O
acute	B-DISO
renal	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
(	O
3	O
%	O
vs	O
0	O
%),	O
pleural	B-DISO
effusion	I-DISO
(	O
3	O
%	O
vs	O
3	O
%),	O
or	O
ascites	O
(	O
6	O
%	O
vs	O
16	O
%).	O

No	O
significant	O
differences	O
were	O
found	O
between	O
the	O
2	O
groups	O
with	O
respect	O
to	O
neonatal	B-DISO
death	I-DISO
(	O
11	O
%	O
vs	O
17	O
%),	O
respiratory	B-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
78	O
%	O
vs	O
86	O
%),	O
or	O
composite	O
neonatal	O
morbidity	O
.	O

Moreover	O
,	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
-	O
specific	O
secretory	B-PROC
IgA	B-PRGE
was	O
detected	O
in	O
the	O
small	B-ANAT
intestine	I-ANAT
and	O
in	O
the	O
lungs	B-ANAT
of	O
the	O
immunized	O
animals	B-SPEC
.	O

Time	O
-	O
dependent	O
determination	O
of	O
the	O
AE	O
activity	O
of	O
purified	O
RBCV	O
OK	O
and	O
LSU	O
particles	O
showed	O
lower	O
AE	O
activity	O
at	O
39	O
degrees	O
C	O
than	O
at	O
37	O
degrees	O
C	O
,	O
whereas	O
the	O
purified	O
EBCV	O
LY	O
particles	O
retained	O
full	O
AE	O
activity	O
at	O
both	O
37	O
degrees	O
C	O
and	O
39	O
degrees	O
C	O
.	O
Transiently	O
expressed	B-PROC
RBCV	O
HE	O
exhibited	O
a	O
marked	O
reduction	O
of	O
AE	O
activity	O
after	O
40	O
min	O
of	O
assay	O
time	O
at	O
37	O
degrees	O
C	O
.	O
In	O
contrast	O
,	O
the	O
AE	O
activity	O
of	O
the	O
transiently	O
expressed	B-PROC
EBCV	O
HE	O
remained	O
stable	O
beyond	O
40	O
min	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
An	O
impaired	B-DISO
generation	O
of	O
cGMP	O
may	O
account	O
for	O
the	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
hypertension	I-DISO
seen	O
in	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
(	O
ALI	O
).	O

Blood	B-ANAT
samples	I-ANAT
were	O
drawn	O
for	O
plasma	B-ANAT
cGMP	B-CHED
determinations	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
The	O
VAI	O
increased	O
the	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
artery	I-ANAT
pressure	O
(	O
by	O
181	O
%,	O
P	O
<.	O
05	O
)	O
after	O
15	O
minutes	O
of	O
air	B-CHED
infusion	O
without	O
changing	O
the	O
cardiac	B-ANAT
index	O
.	O

The	O
type	O
of	O
transplantation	O
,	O
determined	O
after	O
an	O
exhaustive	O
work	O
-	O
up	O
ruling	O
out	O
all	O
contraindications	O
,	O
is	O
generally	O
a	O
single	O
lung	B-ANAT
transplantation	O
if	O
there	O
is	O
no	O
bronchial	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
or	O
two	O
-	O
lung	B-ANAT
transplantation	O
or	O
heart	B-ANAT
-	O
lung	B-ANAT
transplantation	O
in	O
case	O
of	O
bronchiectasis	B-DISO
or	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
artery	I-DISO
hypertension	I-DISO
.	O

Transplantation	O
improves	O
exercise	O
capacity	O
,	O
quality	O
of	O
life	O
and	O
lung	B-PROC
function	I-PROC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
A	O
serological	O
survey	O
for	O
avian	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
bronchitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
and	O
Newcastle	B-SPEC
disease	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
antibodies	B-COMP
in	O
backyard	O
(	O
free	O
-	O
range	O
)	O
village	O
chickens	B-SPEC
in	O
Mexico	O
.	O

A	O
seroprevalence	O
survey	O
in	O
30	O
villages	O
using	O
haemagglutination	B-PROC
inhibition	B-PROC
(	O
HI	O
)	O
tests	O
for	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
IBV	B-SPEC
)	O
and	O
NDV	B-SPEC
antibodies	B-COMP
was	O
carried	O
out	O
from	O
December	O
1997	O
to	O
June	O
1998	O
.	O

The	O
implications	O
of	O
these	O
findings	O
are	O
discussed	O
,	O
including	O
the	O
highly	O
susceptible	O
status	O
of	O
the	O
backyard	O
chickens	O
in	O
Yucatan	O
to	O
NDV	B-SPEC
and	O
the	O
possibility	O
of	O
this	O
virus	B-SPEC
being	O
one	O
cause	O
of	O
the	O
syndrome	B-DISO
known	O
as	O
mortandad	O
by	O
the	O
local	O
people	O
.	O

For	O
scoring	O
the	O
severity	O
of	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
,	O
the	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
score	O
(	O
LIS	B-FUNC
)	O
according	O
to	O
Murray	O
and	O
the	O
SOFA	O
score	O
lung	B-ANAT
(	O
sepsis	B-DISO
-	O
related	O
organ	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
assessment	O
)	O
according	O
to	O
Vincent	O
were	O
evaluated	O
.	O

1	O
.	O
0	O
),	O
the	O
SOFA	O
score	O
lung	B-ANAT
3	O
.	O
0	O
(+/-	O
0	O
.	O
9	O
).	O

Consistent	O
kinetic	O
therapy	O
integrated	O
in	O
a	O
standardised	O
treatment	O
regimen	O
contributes	O
towards	O
improving	O
the	O
negative	O
outcome	O
to	O
date	O
of	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
after	O
major	O
trauma	O
.	O

Cores	O
were	O
composed	O
of	O
the	O
nucleoprotein	O
,	O
RNA	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
C	O
domain	O
of	O
the	O
membrane	B-COMP
(	O
M	O
)	O
protein	B-CHED
.	O

At	O
high	O
salt	B-CHED
concentrations	O
(	O
200	O
to	O
300	O
mM	O
),	O
the	O
M	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
was	O
no	O
longer	O
associated	O
with	O
the	O
nucleocapsid	B-COMP
,	O
which	O
resulted	O
in	O
destruction	O
of	O
the	O
core	O
structure	O
.	O

Our	O
study	O
suggests	O
that	O
increased	O
concentrations	O
of	O
vWf	O
:	O
Ag	O
in	O
plasma	B-ANAT
are	O
predictive	O
of	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
and	O
signal	O
poor	O
prognosis	O
in	O
patients	O
following	O
severe	O
trauma	O
.	O

Near	O
-	O
term	O
infants	O
with	O
severe	O
RDS	O
often	O
respond	O
to	O
exogenous	O
surfactant	B-CHED
,	O
suggesting	O
a	O
functional	O
deficiency	O
of	O
endogenous	O
surfactant	B-CHED
at	O
a	O
""""	O
late	O
""""	O
stage	O
in	O
their	O
disease	O
process	O
.	O

To	O
determine	O
functional	O
significance	O
,	O
mouse	B-DISO
hepatitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
-	O
infected	O
mice	B-SPEC
were	O
treated	O
with	O
anti	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
Mig	I-PRGE
antisera	I-PRGE
,	O
and	O
the	O
severity	O
of	O
disease	O
was	O
evaluated	O
.	O

S	O
(	O
A59	O
)	O
R13	O
,	O
expressing	O
the	O
A59	B-PRGE
spike	I-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
,	O
replicated	O
to	O
a	O
somewhat	O
lower	O
titer	O
and	O
induced	O
moderate	O
to	O
severe	O
hepatitis	B-DISO
with	O
zonal	B-DISO
necrosis	I-DISO
,	O
similar	O
to	O
MHV	B-SPEC
-	O
A59	O
.	O

Multicenter	O
,	O
double	O
-	O
blind	B-DISO
,	O
randomized	O
,	O
placebo	O
-	O
controlled	O
study	O
.	O

There	O
were	O
no	O
differences	O
in	O
types	O
and	O
occurrences	O
of	O
adverse	O
events	O
,	O
including	O
ARDS	B-DISO
,	O
or	O
in	O
outcome	O
between	O
the	O
two	O
groups	O
.	O

Three	O
of	O
four	O
placebo	O
-	O
treated	O
patients	O
had	O
persistent	O
bacterial	O
growth	B-PROC
on	O
bronchoscopy	O
repeated	O
after	O
48	O
h	O
compared	O
with	O
2	O
of	O
10	O
filgrastim	O
-	O
treated	O
patients	O
.	O

Larger	O
studies	O
to	O
determine	O
the	O
benefit	O
of	O
filgrastim	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
and	O
sepsis	B-DISO
or	O
organ	B-ANAT
dysfunction	O
are	O
warranted	O
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
Filgrastim	O
appeared	O
to	O
be	O
well	O
tolerated	O
in	O
this	O
population	O
of	O
patients	O
with	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
and	O
severe	B-DISO
sepsis	I-DISO
or	O
septic	B-DISO
shock	I-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
examine	O
the	O
hypothesis	O
that	O
the	O
response	O
to	O
inhaled	B-PROC
prostacyclin	B-CHED
(	O
PGI2	B-CHED
on	O
oxygenation	B-PROC
and	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
hemodynamics	B-PROC
may	O
be	O
related	O
to	O
different	O
morphologic	O
features	O
that	O
are	O
supposed	O
to	O
be	O
present	O
in	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
originating	O
from	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
(	O
primary	O
ARDS	B-DISO
[	O
ARDS	B-DISO
(	O
PR	O
)])	O
and	O
from	O
extrapulmonary	O
disease	O
(	O
secondary	O
ARDS	B-DISO
[	O
ARDS	B-DISO
(	O
SEC	B-CHED
)]).	O

Eight	O
patients	O
responded	O
to	O
PGI2	B-CHED
nebulization	O
on	O
oxygenation	B-PROC
(	O
all	O
were	O
in	O
the	O
ARDS	B-DISO
(	O
SEC	B-CHED
)	O
subgroup	O
),	O
whereas	O
seven	O
did	O
not	O
(	O
all	O
but	O
one	O
were	O
in	O
the	O
ARDS	B-DISO
(	O
PR	O
)	O
subgroup	O
).	O

Based	O
on	O
the	O
data	O
from	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
the	O
clinical	O
recognition	O
of	O
the	O
two	O
types	O
of	O
the	O
syndrome	B-DISO
together	O
with	O
the	O
CT	O
number	O
frequency	O
distribution	O
analysis	O
may	O
be	O
associated	O
with	O
a	O
prediction	O
of	O
the	O
PGI2	B-CHED
nebulization	O
response	O
on	O
oxygenation	B-PROC
.	O

Further	O
epidemiological	O
studies	O
to	O
determine	O
the	O
frequency	O
of	O
these	O
viruses	B-SPEC
in	O
the	O
community	O
and	O
to	O
identify	O
their	O
mechanisms	O
of	O
transmission	O
are	O
needed	O
,	O
as	O
are	O
further	O
studies	O
to	O
elucidate	O
the	O
pathophysiology	O
of	O
diseases	O
due	O
to	O
these	O
agents	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
A	O
case	O
of	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
induced	O
by	O
fulminant	O
influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
(	O
H3	O
N2	O
)	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
].	O

This	O
patient	O
was	O
treated	O
with	O
high	O
doses	O
of	O
methylprednisolone	B-CHED
,	O
antibiotics	B-CHED
,	O
globulins	O
,	O
urinastatin	O
,	O
neutrophilic	B-PRGE
elastase	B-CHED
inhibitor	I-CHED
,	O
nitric	B-CHED
oxide	I-CHED
inhalation	B-PROC
,	O
and	O
extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenation	B-PROC
,	O
but	O
died	B-PROC
on	O
the	O
thirteenth	O
hospital	O
day	O
.	O

High	O
inspiratory	B-PROC
pressures	O
were	O
avoided	O
and	O
arterial	B-ANAT
saturation	O
as	O
low	O
as	O
70	O
%	O
was	O
accepted	O
on	O
venovenous	O
bypass	O
.	O

The	O
cause	O
of	O
death	O
in	O
the	O
three	O
nonsurvivors	O
was	O
intracranial	B-ANAT
complications	O
leading	O
to	O
total	O
cerebral	B-DISO
infarction	I-DISO
.	O

Furthermore	O
,	O
this	O
state	O
appears	O
to	O
be	O
related	O
to	O
the	O
onset	O
of	O
more	O
severe	O
systemic	O
inflammation	B-DISO
and	O
organ	B-ANAT
dysfunction	O
.	O

The	O
purpose	O
of	O
this	O
study	O
was	O
to	O
examine	O
our	O
experience	O
with	O
inhaled	B-PROC
NO	O
in	O
10	O
adult	O
patients	O
with	O
burn	O
injuries	O
and	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
-	O
related	O
oxygenation	B-PROC
failure	O
.	O

Although	O
the	O
immediate	O
effects	O
may	O
seem	O
impressive	O
,	O
long	O
-	O
term	O
outcome	O
regarding	O
residual	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
hypertension	I-DISO
and	O
other	O
sequelae	O
has	O
been	O
studied	O
in	O
only	O
a	O
very	O
few	O
patients	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
An	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
IBV	B-SPEC
)	O
strain	O
CT	O
/	O
7852	O
/	O
97	O
was	O
isolated	O
from	O
a	O
commercial	O
layer	B-ANAT
flock	O
experiencing	O
decreased	O
egg	B-ANAT
production	O
and	O
poor	O
egg	B-ANAT
quality	O
.	O

The	O
highest	O
nucleotide	B-CHED
homology	O
with	O
H120	O
(	O
97	O
%)	O
and	O
the	O
least	O
homology	O
(	O
62	O
%)	O
with	O
Delaware	O
(	O
De	O
/	O
072	O
/	O
92	O
)	O
were	O
observed	O
.	O

Six	O
of	O
the	O
isolates	O
were	O
neutralized	O
by	O
Mass	O
monoclonal	O
antibodies	B-COMP
,	O
whereas	O
the	O
other	O
four	O
were	O
not	O
.	O

The	O
electrophoretic	O
patterns	O
for	O
the	O
four	O
isolates	O
were	O
identical	O
but	O
were	O
different	O
from	O
other	O
known	O
IBV	B-SPEC
isolates	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Maternal	O
and	O
perinatal	B-DISO
morbidity	I-DISO
and	O
mortality	O
associated	O
with	O
hellp	B-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
]	O
.	O

Six	O
perinatal	O
deaths	B-PROC
were	O
related	O
to	O
abruptio	B-DISO
placenta	I-DISO
,	O
intrauterine	B-DISO
asphyxia	I-DISO
and	O
extreme	O
prematurity	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Chylous	O
abdominal	B-ANAT
effusion	B-DISO
in	O
a	O
cat	B-SPEC
with	O
feline	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
peritonitis	I-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Epidemiology	O
of	O
viral	O
nosocomial	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
in	O
pediatrics	O
].	O

It	O
often	O
begins	O
before	O
the	O
clinical	O
signs	O
appear	O
and	O
ends	O
after	O
the	O
healing	B-PROC
.	O

Minimal	O
infective	O
doses	O
depend	O
on	O
the	O
route	O
of	O
inoculation	O
and	O
the	O
kind	O
of	O
virus	B-SPEC
.	O

Low	O
doses	O
are	O
for	O
example	O
sufficient	O
for	O
rotavirus	B-SPEC
,	O
adenovirus	B-DISO
and	O
calicivirus	O
.	O

The	O
infection	B-DISO
with	O
RBCV	O
was	O
detected	O
in	O
nasal	B-ANAT
secretions	B-ANAT
of	O
86	O
cattle	B-SPEC
,	O
and	O
81	O
of	O
them	O
developed	O
acute	O
respiratory	B-DISO
tract	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
,	O
including	O
fatal	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
membrane	B-COMP
(	O
M	O
)	O
glycoprotein	B-CHED
was	O
the	O
least	O
immunogenic	O
of	O
the	O
major	O
viral	O
structural	O
proteins	B-CHED
.	O

The	O
results	O
were	O
compared	O
to	O
previously	O
reported	O
data	O
derived	O
from	O
the	O
corresponding	O
NS3	B-PRGE
protease	I-PRGE
domain	I-PRGE
assay	O
.	O

Airway	B-ANAT
pressure	O
release	B-PATH
ventilation	O
(	O
APRV	O
)	O
with	O
the	O
patient	O
'	O
s	O
superimposed	O
spontaneous	O
breathing	B-PROC
was	O
implemented	O
and	O
maintained	O
,	O
also	O
during	O
prone	O
episodes	O
.	O

APRV	O
and	O
maintenance	O
of	O
patients	O
'	O
spontaneous	O
ventilation	O
is	O
feasible	O
during	O
prone	O
positioning	O
,	O
and	O
this	O
approach	O
may	O
have	O
beneficial	O
synergistic	O
effects	O
on	O
gas	O
exhange	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
APRV	O
and	O
maintenance	O
of	O
patients	O
'	O
spontaneous	O
ventilation	O
is	O
feasible	O
during	O
prone	O
positioning	O
,	O
and	O
this	O
approach	O
may	O
have	O
beneficial	O
synergistic	O
effects	O
on	O
gas	B-ENZY
exhange	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Alteration	O
of	O
fatty	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
profiles	O
in	O
different	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
surfactant	B-CHED
phospholipids	B-CHED
in	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
and	O
severe	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
.	O

We	O
conclude	O
that	O
marked	O
changes	O
in	O
the	O
FA	O
composition	O
of	O
the	O
predominant	O
surfactant	B-CHED
PL	O
classes	O
occur	O
,	O
both	O
in	O
ARDS	B-DISO
triggered	O
by	O
nonpulmonary	O
events	O
and	O
PNEU	O
.	O

At	O
a	O
dose	O
of	O
10	O
(	O
8	O
)	O
cfu	O
/	O
clot	B-DISO
the	O
animals	B-SPEC
had	O
resolving	O
infection	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
a	O
dose	O
of	O
10	O
(	O
9	O
)	O
cfu	O
/	O
clot	B-DISO
resulted	O
in	O
persistent	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
at	O
24	O
h	O
,	O
with	O
minimal	O
systemic	O
manifestations	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
A	O
case	O
of	O
severe	O
,	O
pyogranulomatous	O
and	O
necrotizing	O
orchitis	O
in	O
a	O
cat	B-SPEC
,	O
which	O
later	O
succumbed	O
to	O
systemic	O
feline	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
peritonitis	I-DISO
(	O
FIP	B-DISO
),	O
is	O
described	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Variations	O
in	O
disparate	O
regions	O
of	O
the	O
murine	B-PRGE
coronavirus	I-PRGE
spike	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
impact	O
the	O
initiation	O
of	O
membrane	O
fusion	O
.	O

This	O
virus	B-SPEC
encodes	O
spike	O
(	O
S	O
)	O
glycoproteins	B-CHED
that	O
are	O
extraordinarily	O
effective	O
mediators	O
of	O
intercellular	O
membrane	B-PROC
fusion	I-PROC
,	O
unique	O
in	O
their	O
ability	O
to	O
initiate	O
fusion	O
even	O
without	O
prior	O
interaction	O
with	O
the	O
primary	O
MHV	B-PRGE
receptor	I-PRGE
,	O
a	O
murine	B-SPEC
carcinoembryonic	O
antigen	B-CHED
-	O
related	O
cell	B-PROC
adhesion	B-DISO
molecule	O
(	O
CEACAM	O
).	O

In	O
considering	O
the	O
possible	O
role	O
of	O
this	O
hyperactive	O
membrane	B-PROC
fusion	I-PROC
activity	I-PROC
in	O
neurovirulence	O
,	O
we	O
discovered	O
that	O
the	O
growth	B-PROC
of	O
JHM	O
in	O
tissue	B-ANAT
culture	O
selected	O
for	O
variants	O
that	O
had	O
lost	B-CHED
murine	B-SPEC
CEACAM	O
-	O
independent	O
fusion	O
activity	O
.	O

Among	O
the	O
collection	O
of	O
variants	O
,	O
mutations	O
were	O
identified	O
in	O
regions	O
encoding	O
both	O
the	O
receptor	O
-	O
binding	B-FUNC
(	O
S1	O
)	O
and	O
fusion	O
-	O
inducing	O
(	O
S2	O
)	O
subunits	O
of	O
the	O
spike	O
protein	B-CHED
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Virus	B-SPEC
-	I-PRGE
neutralizing	I-PRGE
monoclonal	I-PRGE
antibody	B-COMP
expressed	B-PROC
in	O
milk	O
of	O
transgenic	B-SPEC
mice	I-SPEC
provides	O
full	O
protection	O
against	O
virus	O
-	O
induced	O
encephalitis	B-DISO
.	O

Transgene	O
expression	B-PROC
was	O
targeted	B-PROC
to	O
the	O
lactating	O
mammary	B-ANAT
gland	I-ANAT
by	O
using	O
the	O
ovine	O
beta	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
lactoglobulin	I-PRGE
promoter	I-PRGE
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
neurotropic	O
JHM	O
strain	O
of	O
mouse	B-DISO
hepatitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
MHV	B-SPEC
)	O
causes	O
acute	O
encephalitis	B-DISO
and	O
chronic	O
demyelinating	O
encephalomyelitis	B-DISO
in	O
rodents	B-SPEC
.	O

Previous	O
results	O
indicated	O
that	O
CD8	B-PRGE
T	I-PRGE
cells	O
infiltrating	B-DISO
the	O
central	B-ANAT
nervous	I-ANAT
system	I-ANAT
(	O
CNS	B-CHED
)	O
were	O
largely	O
antigen	B-CHED
specific	O
in	O
both	O
diseases	O
.	O

Herein	O
we	O
show	O
that	O
by	O
7	O
days	O
postinoculation	O
,	O
nearly	O
30	O
%	O
of	O
the	O
CD4	B-PRGE
T	I-PRGE
cells	O
in	O
the	O
acutely	O
infected	O
CNS	B-CHED
were	O
MHV	B-SPEC
specific	O
by	O
using	O
intracellular	B-COMP
gamma	B-PRGE
interferon	I-PRGE
(	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
gamma	I-PRGE
)	O
staining	O
assays	O
.	O

In	O
mice	B-SPEC
with	O
chronic	O
demyelination	B-DISO
,	O
10	O
to	O
15	O
%	O
of	O
the	O
CD4	B-PRGE
T	I-PRGE
cells	O
secreted	B-PROC
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
gamma	I-PRGE
in	O
response	O
to	O
MHV	B-SPEC
-	O
specific	O
peptides	B-CHED
.	O

Thus	O
,	O
these	O
results	O
show	O
that	O
infection	B-DISO
of	O
the	O
CNS	B-CHED
is	O
characterized	O
by	O
a	O
large	O
influx	O
of	O
CD4	B-PRGE
T	I-PRGE
cells	O
specific	O
for	O
MHV	B-SPEC
and	O
that	O
these	O
cells	B-COMP
remain	O
functional	O
,	O
as	O
measured	O
by	O
cytokine	B-PROC
secretion	I-PROC
,	O
in	O
mice	B-SPEC
with	O
chronic	O
demyelination	B-DISO
.	O

Pulmonary	B-ANAT
consequences	O
of	O
inhaled	B-PROC
amyl	O
and	O
butyl	B-CHED
nitrites	B-CHED
,	O
crystalline	O
methamphetamine	B-CHED
(	O
ice	O
),	O
and	O
phencyclidine	B-DISO
have	O
been	O
less	O
well	O
documented	O
.	O

The	O
immunohistological	O
examination	O
detected	O
IgA	B-PRGE
,	O
IgM	B-PRGE
and	O
C3	O
deposits	O
.	O

Only	O
after	O
treatment	O
of	O
hepatitis	B-DISO
B	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
with	O
recombinant	B-PRGE
interferon	I-PRGE
alpha	I-PRGE
together	O
with	O
administration	O
of	O
zidovudine	B-CHED
(	O
treatment	O
of	O
choice	O
at	O
that	O
time	O
)	O
the	O
lesions	O
quickly	O
disappeared	O
without	O
further	O
relapses	O
.	O

hnRNP	B-ANAT
A1	O
thus	O
has	O
been	O
proposed	O
as	O
a	O
host	B-COMP
factor	O
in	O
MHV	B-SPEC
transcription	B-PROC
.	O

VI	O
,	O
FAT	B-PRGE
,	O
and	O
TEM	B-COMP
were	O
tested	O
over	O
a	O
course	O
of	O
time	O
before	O
the	O
in	O
situ	O
hybridization	B-PROC
was	O
performed	O
.	O

Positive	O
hybridization	B-PROC
signals	O
were	O
detected	O
in	O
duodenal	B-ANAT
,	O
jejunal	B-ANAT
,	O
and	O
ileal	B-ANAT
enterocytes	B-ANAT
from	O
21	O
pigs	B-SPEC
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
ECMO	O
is	O
a	O
therapeutic	O
option	O
for	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
ARDS	B-DISO
,	O
likely	O
to	O
increase	O
survival	O
.	O

This	O
is	O
illustrated	O
by	O
the	O
identification	O
,	O
for	O
the	O
first	O
time	O
,	O
of	O
an	O
Australian	O
isolate	O
of	O
CCV	B-DISO
(	O
UWSMN	O
-	O
1	O
).	O

Although	O
uncommon	O
,	O
echovirus	B-SPEC
type	O
6	O
infection	B-DISO
may	O
produce	O
a	O
spectrum	O
of	O
pathologic	O
findings	O
similar	O
to	O
those	O
seen	O
with	O
the	O
more	O
commonly	O
virulent	O
echovirus	B-SPEC
type	O
11	O
.	O

To	O
further	O
map	O
antigenic	O
sites	O
,	O
neutralization	O
escape	O
mutants	O
of	O
BCV	B-SPEC
were	O
selected	O
with	O
a	O
group	O
A	O
MAb	O
which	O
has	O
both	O
in	O
vitro	O
and	O
in	O
vivo	O
virus	B-SPEC
-	O
neutralizing	O
ability	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Respiratory	O
bovine	B-SPEC
coronaviruses	O
(	O
RBCV	O
)	O
emerged	O
as	O
an	O
infectious	B-DISO
agent	O
most	O
frequently	O
isolated	O
from	O
respiratory	B-ANAT
tract	I-ANAT
samples	O
of	O
cattle	B-SPEC
with	O
acute	O
respiratory	B-DISO
tract	I-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
.	O

Infectivity	O
-	O
neutralizing	O
(	O
IN	O
)	O
and	O
hemagglutinin	O
-	O
inhibiting	O
(	O
HAI	B-PRGE
)	O
antibodies	B-COMP
induced	O
by	O
RBCV	O
infections	B-DISO
were	O
monitored	O
in	O
sequential	O
serum	B-COMP
samples	O
collected	O
from	O
cattle	B-SPEC
during	O
a	O
naturally	O
evolving	O
and	O
experimentally	O
monitored	O
epizootic	O
of	O
shipping	B-DISO
fever	I-DISO
pneumonia	B-DISO
(	O
SFP	O
).	O

The	O
RBCV	O
isolation	O
-	O
positive	O
cattle	B-SPEC
that	O
developed	O
fatal	O
SFP	O
had	O
minimal	O
serum	B-COMP
IN	O
and	O
HAI	O
antibodies	B-COMP
during	O
the	O
course	O
of	O
disease	O
development	B-PROC
.	O

Cattle	B-SPEC
that	O
remained	O
negative	O
in	O
RBCV	O
isolation	O
tests	O
entered	O
this	O
epizootic	O
with	O
high	O
levels	O
of	O
serum	B-PRGE
IN	I-PRGE
and	O
HAI	B-PRGE
antibodies	I-PRGE
,	O
which	O
dramatically	O
increased	O
during	O
the	O
next	O
two	O
weeks	O
.	O

MHV	B-SPEC
replication	O
and	O
transcription	B-PROC
take	O
place	O
via	O
the	O
synthesis	B-PROC
of	O
negative	O
-	O
strand	O
RNA	O
intermediates	O
from	O
a	O
positive	O
-	O
strand	O
genomic	O
template	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
two	O
-	O
hit	O
theory	O
has	O
emerged	O
as	O
a	O
mechanism	O
to	O
explain	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
organ	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
after	O
traumatic	O
injury	O
.	O

Mice	B-SPEC
undergoing	O
H	O
/	O
R	O
alone	O
were	O
labeled	O
as	O
the	O
H	O
/	O
R	O
group	O
.	O

Respiratory	B-PROC
function	I-PROC
was	O
determined	O
by	O
using	O
whole	O
-	O
body	B-ANAT
plethysmography	O
and	O
lung	B-ANAT
gas	B-ENZY
diffusion	O
.	O

Comparison	O
of	O
the	O
three	O
groups	O
at	O
4	O
hours	O
did	O
not	O
demonstrate	O
any	O
differences	O
in	O
serum	B-COMP
concentrations	O
of	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
6	I-FUNC
.	O

Exploratory	O
laparotomy	O
resulted	O
in	O
a	O
significant	O
change	O
in	O
pulmonary	B-PROC
function	I-PROC
.	O

Colloids	O
and	O
crystalloids	O
do	O
not	O
appear	O
to	O
differ	O
notably	O
in	O
their	O
effects	O
on	O
preload	O
recruitable	O
stroke	B-DISO
volume	O
or	O
oxygen	B-CHED
delivery	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
the	O
applicability	O
of	O
this	O
mechanism	O
may	O
be	O
limited	O
,	O
due	O
to	O
the	O
operation	O
of	O
compensatory	O
mechanisms	O
such	O
as	O
increased	O
lymphatic	B-ANAT
drainage	B-ANAT
.	O

Colloids	O
can	O
be	O
considered	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
or	O
acute	O
shock	O
or	O
hypovolaemia	O
resulting	O
from	O
sudden	O
plasma	B-ANAT
loss	O
.	O

The	O
development	B-PROC
and	O
characterisation	O
of	O
an	O
indirect	O
ELISA	O
for	O
the	O
detection	O
of	O
antibodies	B-COMP
(	O
IgG	B-PRGE
and	O
IgM	B-PRGE
)	O
to	O
CCV	B-DISO
was	O
undertaken	O
.	O

Of	O
those	O
dogs	B-SPEC
that	O
were	O
presented	O
with	O
clinical	O
signs	O
of	O
gastroenteritis	B-DISO
such	O
as	O
diarrhoea	B-DISO
and	I-DISO
vomiting	I-DISO
(	O
n	O
=	O
29	O
),	O
85	O
%	O
were	O
positive	O
in	O
the	O
IgM	B-PRGE
ELISA	O
and	O
85	O
.	O
7	O
%	O
in	O
the	O
IgG	B-PRGE
ELISA	O
for	O
antibodies	B-COMP
to	O
CCV	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
prevalence	O
of	O
antibodies	B-COMP
varies	O
greatly	O
among	O
different	O
populations	O
,	O
with	O
an	O
average	O
of	O
40	O
.	O
8	O
%	O
positive	O
in	O
kennelled	O
populations	O
and	O
15	O
.	O
8	O
%	O
in	O
the	O
open	O
population	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Plant	B-SPEC
-	O
based	O
vaccines	O
:	O
unique	O
advantages	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Lymphocytic	B-DISO
hypophysitis	I-DISO
in	O
a	O
man	B-CHED
presenting	O
with	O
hypercalcemia	B-DISO
.	O

He	O
was	O
found	O
to	O
have	O
a	O
subnormal	O
cortisol	B-CHED
level	O
of	O
2	O
.	O
3	O
microg	O
/	O
dL	O
at	O
baseline	O
,	O
which	O
increased	O
to	O
only	O
5	O
.	O
6	O
microg	O
/	O
dL	O
60	O
minutes	O
after	O
a	O
250	O
-	O
microg	O
corticotropin	B-PRGE
intravenous	O
stimulation	O
test	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
MHV	B-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
of	O
the	O
CNS	B-CHED
:	O
mechanisms	O
of	O
immune	O
-	O
mediated	O
control	O
.	O

The	O
E	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
is	O
an	O
integral	O
membrane	B-COMP
protein	B-CHED
.	O

Retention	B-PROC
of	O
the	O
avian	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
envelope	B-COMP
protein	B-CHED
in	O
the	O
pre	O
-	O
Golgi	B-COMP
compartments	B-ANAT
and	O
physical	B-FUNC
interaction	I-FUNC
between	O
the	O
envelope	B-COMP
and	O
membrane	B-COMP
proteins	B-CHED
.	O

Immunofluorescent	O
staining	O
of	O
cells	B-COMP
coexpressing	O
M	O
and	O
E	O
supports	O
that	O
E	O
interacts	O
with	O
M	O
and	O
relocates	O
M	O
to	O
the	O
same	O
subcellular	O
compartments	B-ANAT
that	O
E	O
resides	O
in	O
.	O

The	O
third	O
domain	O
of	O
E	O
that	O
plays	O
a	O
crucial	O
role	O
in	O
virus	B-SPEC
budding	B-PATH
is	O
a	O
putative	O
transmembrane	B-COMP
domain	O
present	O
at	O
the	O
N	O
-	O
terminal	O
region	O
,	O
because	O
deletion	O
of	O
the	O
domain	O
resulted	O
in	O
a	O
free	O
distribution	O
of	O
the	O
mutant	B-DISO
protein	B-CHED
and	O
in	O
dysfunctional	O
viral	B-PROC
assembly	I-PROC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
In	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
the	O
immunogenicity	O
of	O
chimeric	O
987P	O
fimbriae	B-COMP
on	O
a	O
Salmonella	B-DISO
vaccine	O
strain	O
was	O
improved	O
by	O
optimizing	O
fimbrial	O
expression	B-PROC
.	O

Exogeous	O
NO	O
may	O
lead	O
to	O
down	B-PROC
regulation	I-PROC
of	O
endogenous	O
NO	O
production	O
,	O
and	O
further	O
lead	O
to	O
rapid	O
hydrolization	O
of	O
cyclic	O
guanosine	B-CHED
3	O
',	O
5	O
'	O
monophosphate	O
(	O
cGMP	B-CHED
),	O
the	O
smooth	B-ANAT
muscle	I-ANAT
relaxant	O
,	O
by	O
the	O
enzyme	O
phosphodiesterase	B-PROC
.	O

In	O
vivo	O
genotoxicity	B-DISO
studies	O
--	O
micronucleus	B-COMP
,	O
chromosome	B-DISO
aberration	I-DISO
,	O
dominant	O
lethal	O
and	O
Drosophila	B-SPEC
tests	O
--	O
generally	O
have	O
shown	O
no	O
activity	O
but	O
one	O
mouse	B-SPEC
intraperitoneal	O
study	O
showed	O
bone	B-ANAT
marrow	I-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
chromosome	B-DISO
aberrations	I-DISO
.	O

Although	O
suggestions	O
for	O
appropriate	O
management	O
can	O
be	O
made	O
based	O
on	O
available	O
evidence	O
,	O
the	O
supporting	O
literature	O
is	O
spotty	B-DISO
.	O

She	O
had	O
had	O
RA	O
for	O
12	O
years	O
,	O
which	O
had	O
been	O
controlled	O
well	O
with	O
prednisolone	B-CHED
(	O
3	O
mg	O
/	O
day	O
)	O
at	O
the	O
orthopedic	O
clinic	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Health	O
and	O
exposures	O
of	O
United	O
Kingdom	B-SPEC
Gulf	O
war	O
veterans	O
.	O

Seven	O
years	O
after	O
the	O
war	O
subjects	O
completed	O
a	O
questionnaire	O
about	O
their	O
health	O
in	O
the	O
past	O
month	O
,	O
including	O
95	O
symptom	B-DISO
questions	O
and	O
two	O
manikins	O
on	O
which	O
to	O
shade	O
areas	O
of	O
pain	O
or	O
numbness	B-DISO
and	O
tingling	B-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
introduction	O
of	O
highly	O
active	O
antiretroviral	O
therapy	O
with	O
protease	B-PROC
inhibitors	I-PROC
in	O
1996	O
has	O
changed	O
the	O
morbidity	O
and	O
mortality	O
of	O
acquired	B-DISO
immune	I-DISO
deficiency	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
patients	O
.	O

Therefore	O
,	O
the	O
aetiologies	O
and	O
prognostic	O
factors	O
of	O
human	B-DISO
immunodeficiency	I-DISO
virus	I-DISO
(	O
HIV	B-DISO
)-	O
infected	O
patients	O
with	O
life	O
-	O
threatening	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
requiring	O
intensive	O
care	O
unit	O
(	O
ICU	O
)	O
admission	O
need	O
to	O
be	O
reassessed	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Treatment	O
of	O
severe	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
:	O
a	O
final	O
report	O
on	O
a	O
phase	O
I	O
study	O
.	O

Twenty	O
patients	O
suffering	B-DISO
from	O
ARDS	B-DISO
secondary	O
to	O
trauma	O
and	O
/	O
or	O
sepsis	B-DISO
failed	O
to	O
respond	O
to	O
treatment	O
with	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
and	O
positive	O
end	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
expiratory	I-PROC
pressure	O
.	O

No	O
bleeding	B-DISO
occurred	O
and	O
clotting	B-PROC
parameters	O
remained	O
normal	O
.	O

Here	O
we	O
demonstrate	O
with	O
haemagglutination	B-PROC
and	O
haemagglutination	B-PROC
-	O
inhibition	B-PROC
assays	O
that	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
and	O
E	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
coli	I-SPEC
K99	O
differ	O
in	O
their	O
sialic	B-FUNC
acid	I-FUNC
binding	I-FUNC
activities	O
with	O
respect	O
to	O
the	O
type	O
and	O
amount	O
of	O
sialic	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
residues	O
required	O
on	O
the	O
erythrocytes	B-ANAT
surface	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
with	O
respect	O
to	O
the	O
type	O
of	O
sialoglycoconjugate	O
preferentially	O
recognized	O
.	O

All	O
ARDS	B-DISO
survivors	O
with	O
cognitive	B-DISO
deficits	I-DISO
were	O
disabled	O
,	O
whereas	O
only	O
22	O
.	O
9	O
%	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
8	O
)	O
of	O
the	O
cognitively	O
not	O
impaired	B-DISO
patients	O
gave	O
evidence	O
of	O
disability	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
determine	O
proportions	O
of	O
cats	O
in	O
which	O
feline	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
peritonitis	I-DISO
(	O
FIP	B-DISO
)	O
was	O
diagnosed	O
on	O
an	O
annual	O
,	O
monthly	O
,	O
and	O
regional	O
basis	O
and	O
identify	O
unique	O
characteristics	O
of	O
cats	B-SPEC
with	O
FIP	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
proportion	O
of	O
new	O
accessions	O
for	O
which	O
a	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
FIP	B-DISO
was	O
recorded	O
did	O
not	O
vary	O
significantly	O
among	O
years	O
,	O
months	O
,	O
or	O
regions	O
of	O
the	O
country	O
.	O

Results	O
indicated	O
that	O
FIP	B-DISO
continues	O
to	O
be	O
a	O
clinically	O
important	O
disease	O
in	O
North	O
America	O
and	O
that	O
sexually	O
intact	O
male	O
cats	B-SPEC
may	O
be	O
at	O
increased	O
risk	O
,	O
and	O
spayed	O
females	O
at	O
reduced	O
risk	O
,	O
for	O
FIP	B-DISO
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Approximately	O
1	O
of	O
every	O
200	O
new	O
feline	B-SPEC
and	O
1	O
of	O
every	O
300	O
total	O
feline	B-SPEC
accessions	O
at	O
VMTH	O
in	O
North	O
America	O
and	O
approximately	O
1	O
of	O
every	O
100	O
accessions	O
at	O
the	O
diagnostic	O
laboratories	O
represented	O
cats	B-SPEC
with	O
FIP	B-DISO
.	O

Chest	B-ANAT
X	O
-	O
ray	B-SPEC
film	O
showed	O
bilateral	O
alveolar	B-ANAT
infiltrates	B-DISO
.	O

He	O
fully	O
recovered	O
by	O
intensive	O
treatment	O
with	O
antibiotics	B-CHED
,	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
and	O
endotoxin	O
eliminating	O
therapy	O
.	O

Anasarcous	O
skin	B-ANAT
lesions	O
exhibited	O
a	O
separated	O
epidermis	B-ANAT
,	O
expanded	O
scale	O
-	O
sacs	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
an	O
edematous	B-DISO
dermis	B-ANAT
accompanied	O
by	O
hemorrhage	B-DISO
and	O
necrosis	B-PROC
.	O

These	O
changes	O
appeared	O
to	O
be	O
induced	O
by	O
bacterial	O
toxins	B-CHED
because	O
bacterial	O
cells	B-COMP
did	O
not	O
directly	O
invade	O
these	O
affected	O
tissues	B-ANAT
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
nucleocapsid	B-ANAT
(	O
N	O
)	O
gene	O
of	O
turkey	B-SPEC
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
TCV	B-SPEC
)	O
was	O
amplified	O
by	O
reverse	B-PRGE
transcriptase	I-PRGE
-	O
polymerase	O
chain	O
reaction	O
,	O
cloned	O
,	O
and	O
expressed	B-PROC
in	O
the	O
baculovirus	B-SPEC
expression	B-PROC
system	O
.	O

A	O
recombinant	O
baculovirus	B-SPEC
containing	O
the	O
TCV	B-PRGE
N	I-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
(	O
rBTCV	O
/	O
N	O
)	O
was	O
identified	O
by	O
polymerase	O
chain	O
reaction	O
and	O
expression	B-PROC
of	O
TCV	B-PRGE
N	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
as	O
determined	O
by	O
western	O
immunoblot	O
analysis	O
.	O

Two	O
TCV	B-SPEC
-	O
specific	O
proteins	B-CHED
,	O
52	O
and	O
43	O
kDa	O
,	O
were	O
expressed	B-PROC
by	O
rBTCV	O
/	O
N	O
;	O
one	O
of	O
these	O
proteins	B-CHED
,	O
p52	B-PRGE
,	O
was	O
comparable	O
in	O
size	O
to	O
native	B-PRGE
TCV	I-PRGE
N	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
.	O

However	O
,	O
experimental	O
inoculation	O
of	O
1	O
-	O
day	O
-	O
old	O
SPF	O
chicks	O
in	O
two	O
trials	O
with	O
the	O
same	O
virus	B-SPEC
resulted	O
in	O
no	O
clinical	O
signs	O
or	O
macroscopic	O
or	O
microscopic	O
lesions	O
.	O

No	O
coronaviruses	O
were	O
detected	O
from	O
intestinal	O
contents	O
,	O
and	O
there	O
were	O
no	O
significant	O
differences	O
in	O
body	B-ANAT
weights	O
of	O
inoculated	O
and	O
noninoculated	O
control	O
chicks	O
.	O

A	O
421	O
-	O
bp	O
sequence	O
in	O
the	O
hypervariable	O
region	O
of	O
the	O
S1	B-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
was	O
examined	O
,	O
and	O
phylogenetic	O
analysis	O
on	O
that	O
region	O
indicated	O
that	O
these	O
viruses	B-SPEC
are	O
closely	O
related	O
but	O
fall	O
into	O
unique	O
groups	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Molecular	O
epidemiology	O
of	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
isolates	O
from	O
China	O
and	O
Southeast	O
Asia	O
.	O

Some	O
isolates	O
formed	O
a	O
distinct	O
Asian	O
phylogenetic	O
group	O
,	O
suggesting	O
that	O
IBV	B-SPEC
has	O
existed	O
for	O
some	O
time	O
in	O
Asia	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
The	O
exacerbating	O
effect	O
of	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
on	O
the	O
infectious	B-DISO
bursal	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
virus	I-SPEC
-	O
induced	O
suppression	B-DISO
of	O
opsonization	B-PROC
by	O
Escherichia	B-PRGE
coil	I-PRGE
antibody	B-COMP
in	I-PRGE
chickens	B-SPEC
.	O

Those	O
macrophages	B-ANAT
also	O
had	O
adequate	O
bactericidal	B-PROC
activity	I-PROC
,	O
indicating	O
that	O
IBV	B-SPEC
and	O
IBDV	B-SPEC
infections	B-DISO
had	O
not	O
affected	O
their	O
phagocytic	O
activity	O
or	O
bactericidal	O
function	O
.	O

Factors	O
involved	O
in	O
the	O
propagation	O
of	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
after	O
perinatal	O
aspiration	B-DISO
of	I-DISO
meconium	I-DISO
include	O
obstruction	B-DISO
of	O
the	O
airways	O
,	O
ventilation	O
/	O
perfusion	O
mismatch	O
,	O
increase	O
of	O
the	O
pulmonary	B-PROC
vascular	B-ANAT
resistance	I-PROC
and	O
a	O
rapidly	O
developing	O
parenchymal	O
and	O
alveolar	B-ANAT
inflammatory	B-DISO
reaction	I-DISO
with	O
associated	O
surfactant	B-CHED
dysfunction	O
.	O

Although	O
the	O
early	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
inflammatory	B-DISO
response	I-DISO
is	O
believed	O
to	O
play	O
a	O
central	O
pathogenetic	O
role	O
in	O
the	O
meconium	B-ANAT
-	O
induced	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
damage	O
,	O
its	O
initiating	O
mechanisms	O
are	O
still	O
poorly	O
defined	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
increasing	O
evidence	O
indicates	O
a	O
direct	O
toxic	O
effect	O
of	O
meconium	B-ANAT
.	O

Several	O
host	B-COMP
cell	I-COMP
proteins	B-CHED
have	O
previously	O
been	O
shown	O
to	O
interact	O
with	O
this	O
regulatory	O
region	O
.	O

Anorexia	B-DISO
occurs	O
during	O
such	O
viral	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
.	O

Anorexia	B-DISO
in	O
response	O
to	O
bacterial	O
lipopolysaccharide	B-CHED
administration	O
,	O
which	O
is	O
also	O
linked	O
to	O
plasma	B-PRGE
TNF	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
alpha	I-PRGE
,	O
is	O
however	O
,	O
caused	O
only	O
via	O
a	O
decrease	O
in	O
meal	O
number	O
.	O

The	O
differences	O
in	O
the	O
decrease	O
in	O
the	O
feeding	O
pattern	O
between	O
the	O
SDA	B-DISO
viral	O
and	O
a	O
bacterial	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
suggest	O
that	O
factors	O
other	O
than	O
TNF	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
alpha	I-PRGE
alone	O
play	O
a	O
significant	O
role	O
in	O
the	O
mechanism	O
of	O
anorexia	B-DISO
during	O
a	O
viral	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Falciparum	B-DISO
malaria	I-DISO
remains	O
a	O
major	O
killer	O
in	O
developing	O
countries	O
,	O
particularly	O
for	O
African	O
children	O
.	O

In	O
nonimmune	O
adults	O
,	O
besides	O
cerebral	B-DISO
malaria	B-PATH
,	O
pictures	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
sepsis	I-DISO
with	O
shock	O
,	O
acute	B-DISO
renal	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
and	O
respiratory	B-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
are	O
common	O
.	O

This	O
study	O
shows	O
that	O
,	O
in	O
contrast	O
to	O
NO	O
inhalation	B-PROC
,	O
infusion	O
of	O
ANP	B-PRGE
neither	O
improves	O
oxygenation	B-PROC
nor	O
attenuates	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
hypertension	I-DISO
or	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
edema	I-DISO
in	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
shaken	O
-	O
baby	O
syndrome	B-DISO
causes	O
severe	O
encephalopathy	B-DISO
and	O
vision	B-PROC
problems	O
,	O
blindness	B-DISO
in	O
many	O
cases	O
,	O
after	O
showing	O
voluminous	O
subdural	B-ANAT
and	O
/	O
or	O
epidural	B-ANAT
hematomas	B-DISO
which	O
lead	O
to	O
a	O
severe	O
neuronal	O
lost	B-CHED
and	O
gliosis	B-DISO
.	O

Shaken	O
-	O
baby	O
syndrome	B-DISO
is	O
not	O
always	O
associated	O
with	O
skull	B-ANAT
fracture	O
nor	O
is	O
necessarily	O
related	O
with	O
battered	O
-	O
child	B-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

Immunodeficiency	B-DISO
was	O
present	O
in	O
60	O
patients	O
,	O
including	O
38	O
with	O
AIDS	O
.	O

Histologically	O
,	O
the	O
lesions	O
consisted	O
of	O
angioblastic	B-ANAT
endothelial	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
and	O
immature	O
capillary	B-ANAT
vascular	B-ANAT
structures	O
coursing	O
through	O
the	O
edematous	B-DISO
myxomatous	O
dermis	B-ANAT
and	O
subcutis	B-ANAT
.	O

Proliferating	O
capillaries	B-ANAT
often	O
were	O
surrounded	O
by	O
large	O
and	O
foamy	O
macrophages	B-ANAT
that	O
stained	O
positively	O
for	O
PRRSV	B-SPEC
by	O
immunohistochemistry	O
.	O

A	O
high	O
percentage	O
of	O
both	O
maternal	O
antibody	B-COMP
-	O
positive	O
(	O
Mab	O
+)	O
and	O
maternal	O
antibody	B-COMP
-	O
negative	O
(	O
Mab	O
-)	O
chicks	O
failed	O
to	O
produce	O
IBV	B-SPEC
antibody	B-COMP
when	O
vaccinated	O
at	O
1	O
day	O
of	O
age	O
by	O
the	O
intraocular	B-ANAT
route	O
.	O

In	O
addition	O
,	O
Mab	O
+	O
chickens	B-SPEC
had	O
a	O
weaker	O
virus	B-SPEC
-	O
neutralizing	O
antibody	B-PROC
response	I-PROC
to	O
a	O
second	O
IBV	B-SPEC
vaccination	O
compared	O
to	O
Mab	O
-	O
birds	B-SPEC
(	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
).	O

Arterial	B-ANAT
blood	I-ANAT
gas	O
tensions	B-DISO
,	O
hemodynamic	B-PROC
variables	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
oxygenation	B-PROC
index	O
were	O
recorded	O
after	O
each	O
dose	O
of	O
5	O
mL	O
/	O
kg	O
.	O

Rotational	O
positioning	O
produced	O
significantly	O
more	O
uniform	O
perflubron	B-CHED
distribution	O
during	O
both	O
CMV	B-SPEC
and	O
HFOV	O
.	O

There	O
was	O
no	O
relationship	O
between	O
oxygenation	B-PROC
improvements	O
and	O
nondependent	O
perflubron	B-CHED
distribution	O
.	O

A	O
review	O
of	O
the	O
literature	O
shows	O
that	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
complications	I-DISO
of	O
P	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
vivax	I-SPEC
are	O
rare	O
but	O
occur	O
more	O
frequently	O
than	O
generally	O
acknowledged	O
.	O

Moreover	O
,	O
prone	O
position	O
causes	O
,	O
both	O
in	O
healthy	O
subject	O
and	O
in	O
obese	B-DISO
patients	O
,	O
an	O
improvement	O
in	O
oxygenation	B-PROC
and	O
in	O
functional	B-PROC
residual	I-PROC
capacity	I-PROC
without	O
affecting	O
respiratory	B-ANAT
system	I-ANAT
,	I-ANAT
lung	I-ANAT
and	O
chest	B-ANAT
wall	I-ANAT
compliance	O
.	O

We	O
have	O
recently	O
finished	O
a	O
randomized	O
-	O
controlled	O
trial	O
in	O
order	B-SPEC
to	O
investigate	O
the	O
clinical	O
impact	O
of	O
this	O
procedure	O
.	O

A	O
specific	O
non	O
-	O
sense	B-PROC
mutation	O
was	O
identified	O
for	O
the	O
nucleotide	B-CHED
at	O
position	O
88	O
of	O
the	O
putative	O
4	O
.	O
9	O
kDa	O
protein	B-CHED
gene	O
of	O
RBCoV	O
isolates	O
resulting	O
in	O
29	O
rather	O
that	O
43	O
aa	O
residues	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Iron	O
is	O
an	O
essential	O
requirement	O
for	O
the	O
growth	O
,	O
development	B-PROC
,	O
and	O
long	O
term	O
survival	O
of	O
most	O
aerobic	O
organisms	O
.	O

Therefore	O
,	O
the	O
carbon	B-CHED
dioxide	I-CHED
dependence	B-DISO
of	O
respiratory	B-PROC
mechanics	I-PROC
in	O
healthy	O
anesthetized	O
,	O
paralyzed	O
subjects	O
was	O
investigated	O
.	O

Interrupter	O
resistance	B-PROC
(	O
Rint	O
),	O
additional	O
tissue	B-ANAT
viscoelastic	O
resistance	B-PROC
(	O
deltaR	O
),	O
and	O
quasi	O
-	O
static	O
elastance	O
(	O
Est	O
)	O
of	O
lung	B-ANAT
(	O
L	O
)	O
and	O
chest	B-ANAT
wall	I-ANAT
were	O
assessed	O
by	O
means	O
of	O
the	O
rapid	O
end	O
-	O
inspiratory	B-PROC
occlusion	B-DISO
method	O
in	O
two	O
groups	O
of	O
seven	O
healthy	O
paralyzed	O
subjects	O
anesthetized	O
with	O
diazepam	B-CHED
or	O
isoflurane	B-CHED
.	O

The	O
carbon	B-CHED
dioxide	I-CHED
bronchodilating	O
effects	O
are	O
probably	O
direct	O
for	O
peripheral	O
structures	O
and	O
are	O
paralleled	O
by	O
a	O
tendency	O
of	O
lung	B-ANAT
tissue	I-ANAT
resistance	B-PROC
to	O
decrease	O
.	O

Serial	O
passage	O
of	O
the	O
recombinant	O
virus	B-SPEC
vector	O
led	O
to	O
its	O
gradual	O
replacement	O
by	O
viral	O
mutants	O
carrying	O
deletions	O
in	O
the	O
GFP	B-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
.	O

The	O
reduction	O
in	O
viral	O
fitness	O
associated	O
with	O
the	O
insertion	O
of	O
the	O
expression	B-PROC
cassette	O
into	O
the	O
EAV	B-SPEC
genome	O
apparently	O
caused	O
genetic	O
instability	O
of	O
the	O
recombinant	O
virus	B-SPEC
.	O

Mortality	O
remains	O
high	O
among	O
children	O
with	O
ARDS	B-DISO
,	O
particularly	O
when	O
serious	O
underlying	O
conditions	O
co	O
-	O
exist	O
,	O
sepsis	B-DISO
occurs	O
,	O
and	O
when	O
there	O
is	O
multi	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
organ	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
.	O

Both	O
demyelination	B-DISO
and	O
axonal	O
damage	O
were	O
apparent	O
by	O
7	O
days	O
posttransfer	O
.	O

Remarkably	O
,	O
there	O
appeared	O
to	O
be	O
a	O
minimal	O
,	O
if	O
any	O
,	O
interval	O
of	O
time	O
between	O
the	O
appearance	O
of	O
demyelination	B-DISO
and	O
that	O
of	O
axonal	O
injury	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenation	B-PROC
in	O
the	O
treatment	O
of	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
in	O
full	O
-	O
term	O
neonates	O
].	O

Four	O
patients	O
died	B-PROC
(	O
1x	O
syndrome	B-DISO
of	O
cerebral	B-DISO
death	B-PROC
associated	O
with	O
severe	O
hypoxic	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
ischaemic	I-DISO
encephalopathy	I-DISO
,	O
2x	O
severe	O
irreversible	O
haemorrhage	B-DISO
,	O
into	O
the	O
abdominal	B-ANAT
and	O
thoracic	B-ANAT
cavity	B-DISO
,	O
1x	O
periventricular	O
intraventricular	B-DISO
haemorrhage	I-DISO
grade	O
III	O
.).	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Venoarterial	O
extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenation	B-PROC
was	O
successful	O
in	O
75	O
%	O
patients	O
who	O
survived	O
.	O

On	O
comparison	O
of	O
the	O
surviving	O
group	O
(	O
S	O
)	O
and	O
the	O
non	O
-	O
surviving	O
group	O
(	O
NS	O
)	O
there	O
was	O
a	O
significant	O
difference	O
in	O
the	O
necessity	O
of	O
continuous	O
inotropic	O
adrenaline	B-CHED
support	O
during	O
EMCO	O
.	O

To	O
determine	O
its	O
extent	O
,	O
the	O
gene	O
encoding	O
the	O
nucleocapsid	B-COMP
(	O
N	O
)	O
protein	B-CHED
of	O
TCV	B-SPEC
was	O
amplified	O
by	O
reverse	B-PROC
transcription	I-PROC
-	O
PCR	O
(	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
)	O
from	O
RNA	O
purified	O
from	O
intestines	B-ANAT
of	O
embryos	B-ANAT
of	O
turkeys	B-SPEC
infected	O
with	O
various	O
TCV	B-SPEC
isolates	O
and	O
from	O
allantoic	B-ANAT
fluid	I-ANAT
of	O
chicken	B-SPEC
embryos	B-ANAT
infected	O
with	O
IBV	B-SPEC
M41	O
strain	O
,	O
the	O
obtained	O
N	O
genes	O
were	O
cloned	O
,	O
sequenced	O
and	O
compared	O
with	O
known	O
sequences	O
of	O
N	O
genes	O
of	O
five	O
IBV	B-SPEC
strains	O
.	O

Seventy	O
-	O
three	O
per	O
cent	O
of	O
the	O
virus	B-DISO
shedding	I-DISO
episodes	O
lasted	O
up	O
to	O
three	O
months	O
and	O
95	O
per	O
cent	O
up	O
to	O
nine	O
months	O
.	O

The	O
clinical	O
course	O
was	O
rapidly	O
fatal	O
despite	O
corticosteroid	B-CHED
therapy	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Dicaffeoyl	O
-	O
or	O
digalloyl	O
pyrrolidine	B-CHED
and	O
furan	B-CHED
derivatives	O
as	O
HIV	B-PROC
integrase	I-PROC
inhibitors	B-CHED
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Induction	O
of	O
caspase	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
dependent	I-PROC
apoptosis	B-PATH
in	O
cultured	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
by	O
the	O
avian	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
.	O

Replication	O
of	O
IBV	B-SPEC
in	O
Vero	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
causes	O
extensive	O
cytopathic	B-DISO
effects	I-DISO
(	O
CPE	O
),	O
leading	O
to	O
destruction	O
of	O
the	O
entire	O
monolayer	O
and	O
the	O
death	B-PROC
of	O
infected	O
cells	B-COMP
.	O

The	O
results	O
show	O
that	O
both	O
necrosis	B-PROC
and	O
apoptosis	B-PATH
may	O
contribute	O
to	O
the	O
death	B-PROC
of	O
infected	O
cells	B-COMP
in	O
lytic	B-DISO
IBV	B-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
.	O

A	O
region	O
of	O
the	O
mRNA	B-CHED
encoding	O
GFP	O
was	O
amplified	O
by	O
PCR	O
and	O
shown	O
to	O
have	O
the	O
unique	O
mRNA	B-CHED
leader	O
-	O
body	B-ANAT
junction	O
indicative	O
of	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
-	O
mediated	O
transcription	B-PROC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Mouse	B-SPEC
hepatitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
replicase	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
complexes	I-PRGE
are	O
translocated	O
to	O
sites	O
of	O
M	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
accumulation	O
in	O
the	O
ERGIC	O
at	O
late	O
times	O
of	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Outbreaks	O
of	O
an	O
avian	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
in	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
-	O
vaccinated	O
chickens	B-SPEC
in	O
China	O
have	O
led	O
to	O
the	O
characterization	O
of	O
coronaviral	O
isolates	O
Q1	O
,	O
J2	O
,	O
and	O
T3	O
,	O
which	O
were	O
isolated	O
from	O
proventricular	O
tissues	B-ANAT
of	O
the	O
affected	O
young	O
layer	B-ANAT
flocks	O
.	O

Seven	O
novel	O
RFLP	O
patterns	O
were	O
detected	O
among	O
the	O
other	O
nine	O
foreign	O
IBV	B-SPEC
isolates	O
.	O

With	O
the	O
RFLP	O
patterns	O
and	O
the	O
deduced	O
S1	O
amino	O
acid	O
sequence	O
data	O
as	O
a	O
reference	O
,	O
none	O
of	O
the	O
IBV	B-SPEC
isolates	O
foreign	O
to	O
the	O
United	O
States	O
have	O
been	O
detected	O
in	O
the	O
United	O
States	O
.	O

In	O
three	O
relatively	O
older	O
NICU	O
-	O
patients	O
RML	O
was	O
due	O
to	O
lipid	B-CHED
lowering	O
drugs	O
assumption	O
.	O

ALI	O
/	O
ARDS	B-DISO
accounted	O
for	O
41	O
%	O
of	O
our	O
hospital	O
mortality	O
.	O

ALI	O
/	O
ARDS	B-DISO
accounted	O
for	O
41	O
%	O
of	O
our	O
hospital	O
mortality	O
.	O

Axillary	B-ANAT
artery	I-ANAT
and	O
vein	B-ANAT
thromboses	B-DISO
were	O
soon	O
confirmed	O
by	O
ultrasonography	O
and	O
arteriography	O
.	O

The	O
doppler	O
ultrasonographies	O
which	O
were	O
performed	O
subsequently	O
confirmed	O
a	O
complete	O
revascularization	O
of	O
axillary	B-ANAT
artery	I-ANAT
and	O
vein	B-ANAT
.	O

This	O
panda	O
most	O
likely	O
contracted	O
Tyzzer	B-DISO
'	I-DISO
s	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
subsequent	O
to	O
having	O
a	O
compromised	O
immune	B-ANAT
system	I-ANAT
after	O
corticosteroid	B-CHED
administration	O
and	O
concurrent	O
disease	O
.	O

The	O
nursing	B-PROC
workload	O
remains	O
stable	O
during	O
NIPSV	O
and	O
does	O
not	O
result	O
predominantly	O
from	O
respiratory	O
therapy	O
interventions	O
.	O

In	O
contrast	O
,	O
PL2pro	O
,	O
whose	O
proteolytic	B-PROC
activity	O
and	O
specificity	O
were	O
established	O
in	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
cleaved	B-ANAT
the	O
same	O
site	O
efficiently	O
in	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
the	O
upstream	O
domains	O
.	O

Collectively	O
,	O
our	O
results	O
imply	O
that	O
the	O
p195	B-PRGE
/	O
p210	B-PRGE
autoprocessing	O
mechanisms	O
may	O
be	O
conserved	O
among	O
coronaviruses	O
to	O
an	O
extent	O
not	O
appreciated	O
previously	O
,	O
with	O
PL2pro	O
playing	O
a	O
major	O
role	O
.	O

Adult	O
rats	B-SPEC
(	O
body	B-ANAT
weight	O
285	O
to	O
315	O
g	O
,	O
n	O
=	O
45	O
)	O
were	O
allocated	O
randomly	O
to	O
either	O
a	O
negative	O
control	O
group	O
(	O
N	O
-	O
Control	O
,	O
n	O
=	O
9	O
)	O
with	O
only	O
sham	O
laparotomy	O
,	O
or	O
groups	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
9	O
each	O
)	O
for	O
induction	O
of	O
I	O
/	O
R	O
by	O
occlusion	B-DISO
of	I-DISO
superior	B-ANAT
mesenteric	I-ANAT
artery	I-ANAT
,	O
followed	O
by	O
treatment	O
with	O
(	O
1	O
)	O
surfactant	B-CHED
at	O
100	O
mg	O
/	O
kg	O
(	O
Surf	O
),	O
(	O
2	O
)	O
iNO	O
at	O
20	O
ppm	O
(	O
NO	O
),	O
(	O
3	O
)	O
both	O
surfactant	B-CHED
and	O
iNO	O
(	O
SNO	B-FUNC
),	O
or	O
(	O
4	O
)	O
no	O
surfactant	B-CHED
no	O
iNO	B-PRGE
(	O
a	O
positive	O
control	O
,	O
P	O
-	O
Control	O
).	O

Mechanical	O
ventilation	O
was	O
provided	O
for	O
120	O
minutes	O
with	O
variable	O
peak	O
insufflation	O
pressure	O
and	O
FIO2	O
to	O
achieve	O
adequate	O
arterial	B-ANAT
pH	O
,	O
PaO2	O
,	O
and	O
PaCO2	O
.	O

The	O
lungs	B-ANAT
of	O
the	O
SNO	B-FUNC
group	O
had	O
significantly	O
alleviated	O
edema	B-DISO
and	O
neutrophil	B-ANAT
infiltration	B-DISO
compared	O
with	O
the	O
P	O
-	O
Control	O
.	O

The	O
lungs	B-ANAT
of	O
the	O
SNO	B-FUNC
group	O
had	O
significantly	O
alleviated	O
edema	B-DISO
and	O
neutrophil	B-ANAT
infiltration	B-DISO
compared	O
with	O
the	O
P	O
-	O
Control	O
.	O

To	O
compare	O
the	O
IP	O
test	O
with	O
the	O
neutralizing	O
test	O
(	O
NT	O
),	O
sera	B-COMP
from	O
240	O
healthy	O
dogs	B-SPEC
and	O
from	O
3	O
experimentally	O
CCV	B-DISO
-	O
infected	O
dogs	B-SPEC
were	O
examined	O
.	O

These	O
findings	O
indicate	O
that	O
the	O
IP	O
test	O
specifically	O
detected	O
anti	O
-	O
CCV	O
antibodies	B-COMP
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Coronavirus	B-SPEC
derived	O
expression	B-PROC
systems	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Both	O
helper	O
dependent	O
expression	B-PROC
systems	O
,	O
based	O
on	O
two	O
components	O
,	O
and	O
single	O
genomes	O
constructed	O
by	O
targeted	O
recombination	B-PROC
,	O
or	O
by	O
using	O
infectious	B-DISO
cDNA	O
clones	O
,	O
have	O
been	O
developed	O
.	O

The	O
possibility	O
of	O
engineering	O
the	O
tissue	B-ANAT
and	O
species	B-SPEC
tropism	B-PROC
to	O
target	O
expression	B-PROC
to	O
different	O
organs	B-ANAT
and	O
animal	B-SPEC
species	B-SPEC
,	O
including	O
humans	B-SPEC
,	O
increases	O
the	O
potential	O
of	O
coronaviruses	O
as	O
vectors	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Antiviral	B-CHED
roles	O
of	O
natural	O
killer	O
(	O
NK	O
)	O
cell	B-COMP
subsets	O
were	O
examined	O
in	O
C57BL	O
/	O
6	O
mice	B-SPEC
infected	O
with	O
murine	B-SPEC
cytomegalovirus	I-SPEC
(	O
MCMV	B-SPEC
)	O
and	O
other	O
viruses	B-SPEC
,	O
including	O
lymphocytic	B-SPEC
choriomeningitis	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
LCMV	B-SPEC
),	O
vaccinia	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
VV	O
),	O
and	O
mouse	B-DISO
hepatitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
MHV	B-SPEC
).	O

Striking	O
results	O
were	O
seen	O
with	O
a	O
mAb	O
(	O
1F8	O
)	O
reactive	O
with	O
the	O
positively	O
signaling	B-CHED
molecule	I-CHED
Ly49H	B-PRGE
,	O
present	O
in	O
MCMV	B-SPEC
-	O
resistant	O
C57BL	O
/	O
6	O
mice	B-SPEC
.	O

Titers	O
of	O
LCMV	B-SPEC
or	O
VV	O
were	O
not	O
enhanced	O
.	O

Rats	B-SPEC
aged	O
1	O
and	O
2	O
weeks	O
were	O
generally	O
similar	O
in	O
terms	O
of	O
mortality	O
and	O
mean	O
time	O
to	O
death	B-PROC
,	O
regardless	O
of	O
inoculation	O
route	O
,	O
except	O
for	O
the	O
oral	B-ANAT
route	O
,	O
which	O
had	O
little	O
effect	O
.	O

routes	O
died	B-PROC
,	O
but	O
all	O
those	O
inoculated	O
by	O
other	O
routes	O
survived	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Many	O
enteric	O
viruses	B-SPEC
are	O
difficult	O
or	O
impossible	O
to	O
propagate	O
in	O
tissue	O
culture	O
.	O

Coronaviruses	O
and	O
toroviruses	B-SPEC
are	O
large	O
,	O
enveloped	O
,	O
plus	O
-	O
strand	O
RNA	O
viruses	B-SPEC
in	O
the	O
order	B-SPEC
Nidovirales	I-SPEC
that	O
cause	O
enteric	O
disease	O
in	O
young	O
pigs	B-SPEC
,	O
cows	B-SPEC
,	O
dogs	B-SPEC
,	O
mice	B-SPEC
,	O
cats	B-SPEC
and	O
horses	B-SPEC
.	O

One	O
specific	O
site	O
on	O
the	O
S	O
glycoprotein	O
of	O
bovine	B-SPEC
coronavirus	B-SPEC
must	O
be	O
cleaved	B-ANAT
by	O
an	O
intracellular	B-COMP
protease	O
or	O
trypsin	B-PRGE
to	O
activate	O
viral	O
infectivity	O
and	O
cell	B-PROC
fusion	I-PROC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
evaluate	O
the	O
safety	O
and	O
efficacy	O
of	O
high	O
-	O
frequency	O
oscillatory	O
ventilation	O
(	O
HFOV	O
)	O
in	O
adult	O
patients	O
with	O
the	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
and	O
oxygenation	B-PROC
failure	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
cells	B-COMP
infected	O
with	O
an	O
MHV	B-SPEC
strain	O
unable	O
to	O
induce	O
cell	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
cell	B-COMP
fusion	I-PROC
are	O
resistant	O
to	O
lysis	B-DISO
and	O
lysis	B-DISO
of	O
JHMV	O
-	O
infected	O
cells	B-COMP
is	O
inhibited	O
by	O
an	O
anti	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
S	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
nonneutralizing	I-PRGE
mAb	I-PRGE
which	O
prevents	O
S	O
-	O
protein	B-CHED
-	O
mediated	O
cell	B-PROC
fusion	I-PROC
.	O

To	O
the	O
best	O
of	O
our	O
knowledge	O
,	O
this	O
is	O
the	O
first	O
documentation	O
of	O
any	O
microbial	O
efficacy	O
testing	O
conducted	O
on	O
filtered	O
shipping	O
containers	O
for	O
laboratory	O
animals	B-SPEC
.	O

Persistent	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
confirmed	O
by	O
biopsy	B-ANAT
specimen	I-ANAT
was	O
usually	O
accompanied	O
by	O
histologic	O
manifestations	O
of	O
acute	B-PROC
cellular	I-PROC
rejection	I-PROC
and	O
was	O
associated	O
with	O
poor	O
patient	O
outcome	O
(	O
ie	O
,	O
death	B-PROC
or	O
subsequent	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
bronchiolitis	B-DISO
obliterans	I-DISO
syndrome	B-DISO
).	O

Because	O
these	O
processes	O
often	O
demonstrate	O
overlapping	O
clinical	O
and	O
morphologic	O
features	O
requiring	O
multiple	O
diagnostic	O
techniques	O
for	O
resolution	O
,	O
a	O
systematic	O
multimodality	O
approach	O
to	O
diagnosis	O
is	O
advantageous	O
for	O
determining	O
the	O
causes	O
of	O
decline	O
in	O
individual	O
patients	O
and	O
for	O
estimating	O
the	O
incidences	O
of	O
the	O
different	O
causes	O
of	O
early	O
graft	B-ANAT
and	O
patient	O
loss	O
in	O
the	O
lung	B-ANAT
transplant	B-ANAT
population	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Infections	B-DISO
accounted	O
for	O
the	O
greatest	O
number	O
of	O
deaths	B-PROC
(	O
bacterial	B-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
,	O
four	O
patients	O
;	O
catheter	O
-	O
related	O
bacteremia	B-DISO
,	O
one	O
patient	O
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Is	O
amiodarone	B-CHED
an	O
underrecognized	O
cause	O
of	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
in	O
the	O
ICU	O
?	O

We	O
also	O
provide	O
a	O
hypothesis	O
to	O
explain	O
the	O
mechanism	O
by	O
which	O
amiodarone	B-CHED
causes	O
lung	B-ANAT
damage	O
.	O

Half	O
of	O
the	O
piglets	O
fed	O
HCC	B-DISO
showed	O
diarrhea	B-DISO
and	O
recovered	O
,	O
and	O
all	O
piglets	O
survived	O
.	O

The	O
Ab	O
cross	O
-	O
reacted	O
with	O
a	O
40	O
-	O
kDa	O
protein	B-CHED
from	O
human	B-SPEC
,	O
rat	B-SPEC
and	O
sheep	B-SPEC
liver	B-ANAT
,	O
but	O
not	O
with	O
liver	B-ANAT
extracts	O
from	O
the	O
silver	B-CHED
side	O
fish	B-SPEC
(	O
Odontesthes	B-SPEC
bonariensis	I-SPEC
).	O

No	O
correlation	O
was	O
found	O
between	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
the	O
hypergammaglobulinemia	B-DISO
that	O
followed	O
the	O
viral	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
and	O
the	O
occurrence	O
of	O
the	O
autoAb	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
CD8	O
(+)	O
T	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
are	O
required	O
to	O
control	O
acute	O
viral	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
in	O
the	O
CNS	B-CHED
following	O
infection	B-DISO
with	O
neurotropic	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
.	O

In	O
cats	B-SPEC
with	O
EUE	O
,	O
myeloid	O
/	O
histiocyte	B-ANAT
antigen	B-CHED
-	O
positive	O
macrophages	B-ANAT
were	O
relatively	O
numerous	O
,	O
suggesting	O
recruitment	B-DISO
of	O
peripheral	B-ANAT
blood	I-ANAT
monocytes	B-ANAT
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Type	O
-	O
specific	O
identification	O
of	O
human	B-SPEC
adenovirus	B-DISO
3	O
,	O
7	O
,	O
and	O
21	O
by	O
a	O
multiplex	O
PCR	O
assay	O
.	O

Type	O
-	O
specific	O
primers	O
designed	O
to	O
the	O
hypervariable	O
regions	O
correctly	O
identified	O
Ad3	O
,	O
Ad7	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
Ad21	O
prototype	O
strains	O
and	O
53	O
previously	O
typed	O
Ad	O
field	O
isolates	O
.	O

The	O
objective	O
of	O
this	O
study	O
was	O
to	O
determine	O
the	O
robustness	O
of	O
soluble	O
L	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
selectin	I-PRGE
,	O
correcting	O
for	O
a	O
broad	O
spectrum	O
of	O
physiological	O
variables	O
.	O

The	O
prevalence	O
of	O
alcoholic	O
cirrhosis	O
and	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
potential	O
candidates	O
for	O
liver	B-ANAT
transplantation	O
is	O
unknown	O
but	O
certainly	O
underestimated	O
.	O

Despite	O
physicians	O
'	O
ethical	O
reserves	O
concerning	O
this	O
self	O
-	O
inflicted	O
disease	O
and	O
the	O
public	O
'	O
s	O
misgivings	O
,	O
liver	B-ANAT
transplantation	O
for	O
alcoholic	B-DISO
cirrhosis	I-DISO
can	O
provide	O
survival	O
rates	O
comparable	O
with	O
those	O
observed	O
for	O
other	O
chronic	O
liver	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
.	O

He	O
presented	O
an	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
),	O
following	O
a	O
very	O
long	O
hyperbaric	O
oxygen	B-CHED
therapy	O
(	O
using	O
a	O
US	O
.	O

The	O
principal	O
histological	O
findings	O
were	O
atrophy	B-DISO
of	O
small	O
intestinal	B-ANAT
villi	I-ANAT
,	O
lymphoid	O
depletion	O
,	O
hepatitis	B-DISO
and	O
bronchopneumonia	B-DISO
.	O

We	O
describe	O
an	O
ARDS	B-DISO
patient	O
with	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
caused	O
by	O
a	O
severe	O
Chlamydiaceae	B-SPEC
species	B-SPEC
community	O
-	O
acquired	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
(	O
CAP	B-DISO
).	O

The	O
evidence	O
from	O
the	O
literature	O
for	O
survival	O
advantage	O
of	O
lung	B-ANAT
protective	O
and	O
other	O
strategies	O
is	O
critically	O
reviewed	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Passive	O
protection	O
experiments	O
were	O
conducted	O
to	O
determine	O
the	O
frequency	O
and	O
amounts	O
of	O
hyperimmune	O
antiserum	O
needed	O
to	O
block	O
a	O
transmissible	O
gastroenteritis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
)	O
challenge	O
infection	B-DISO
and	O
to	O
identify	O
monoclonal	O
antibodies	B-COMP
that	O
are	O
partially	O
protective	O
against	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
.	O

Three	O
-	O
day	O
-	O
old	O
piglets	O
were	O
challenged	O
with	O
virulent	O
virus	B-SPEC
that	O
had	O
been	O
preincubated	O
with	O
antiserum	O
or	O
monoclonal	O
antibodies	B-COMP
.	O

An	O
increased	O
understanding	O
of	O
both	O
the	O
benefits	O
and	O
hazards	O
has	O
led	O
to	O
a	O
general	O
consensus	O
regarding	O
the	O
optimal	O
techniques	O
to	O
ensure	O
adequate	O
gas	B-ENZY
exchange	O
.	O

Acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
results	O
in	O
reduced	O
lung	B-PROC
compliance	I-PROC
and	O
a	O
marked	O
decrease	O
in	O
the	O
volume	O
of	O
functional	O
lung	B-ANAT
.	O

Some	O
cases	O
of	O
severe	O
angioedema	B-DISO
have	O
been	O
recently	O
reported	O
after	O
treatment	O
with	O
fibrinolytic	O
agents	O
.	O

Estrogen	B-CHED
and	O
ACE	B-PRGE
inhibitors	B-CHED
should	O
be	O
avoided	O
in	O
a	O
patient	O
with	O
congenital	O
or	O
acquired	O
C1	O
-	O
INH	O
deficiency	O
.	O

Serum	B-COMP
was	O
collected	O
from	O
the	O
852	O
animals	B-SPEC
enrolled	O
to	O
determine	O
titers	O
to	O
H	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
somnus	I-SPEC
,	O
M	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
haemolytica	I-SPEC
,	O
bovine	B-SPEC
coronavirus	B-SPEC
and	O
bovine	B-DISO
viral	I-DISO
diarrhea	I-DISO
virus	I-SPEC
.	O

Vaccination	O
with	O
H	O
.	O
somnus	O
in	O
combination	O
with	O
M	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
haemolytica	I-SPEC
and	O
with	O
M	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
haemolytica	I-SPEC
alone	O
reduced	O
the	O
risk	O
of	O
UBRD	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
the	O
association	O
changed	O
with	O
time	O
of	O
BRD	O
treatment	O
;	O
animals	B-SPEC
diagnosed	O
and	O
treated	O
for	O
UBRD	O
on	O
or	O
after	O
day	O
10	O
showed	O
little	O
evidence	O
of	O
exposure	O
to	O
H	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
somnus	I-SPEC
,	O
despite	O
evidence	O
of	O
natural	O
H	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
somnus	I-SPEC
exposure	O
in	O
the	O
unvaccinated	O
group	O
.	O

The	O
method	O
could	O
provide	O
a	O
useful	O
tool	O
for	O
demonstrating	O
the	O
role	O
of	O
human	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
in	O
infections	B-DISO
of	O
the	O
respiratory	B-ANAT
tract	I-ANAT
.	O

Following	O
intranasal	O
inoculation	O
with	O
MHV	B-SPEC
A59	O
,	O
p	O
/	O
p	O
mice	B-SPEC
developed	O
markedly	O
fewer	O
and	O
smaller	O
lesions	O
in	O
the	O
liver	B-ANAT
than	O
+/+	O
or	O
heterozygous	O
(+/	O
p	O
)	O
mice	B-SPEC
.	O

p	O
/	O
p	O
mice	B-SPEC
survived	O
a	O
dose	O
100	O
-	O
fold	O
higher	O
than	O
the	O
lethal	O
dose	O
of	O
virus	B-SPEC
for	O
+/+	O
mice	B-SPEC
.	O

Patients	O
with	O
PC	O
from	O
isolated	O
chest	B-ANAT
trauma	O
who	O
had	O
admission	O
chest	B-ANAT
computed	O
tomographic	O
scan	O
were	O
identified	O
from	O
the	O
registry	O
of	O
a	O
Level	O
I	O
trauma	O
center	O
over	O
a	O
1	O
.	O
5	O
-	O
year	O
period	O
.	O

There	O
was	O
a	O
trend	O
toward	O
higher	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
rate	O
in	O
the	O
severe	O
group	O
,	O
with	O
50	O
%	O
of	O
patients	O
in	O
the	O
severe	O
group	O
developing	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
as	O
compared	O
with	O
28	O
%	O
in	O
the	O
moderate	O
group	O
(	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
20	O
).	O

We	O
conclude	O
that	O
the	O
Fas	B-DISO
/	O
FasL	B-PRGE
system	O
contributes	O
to	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
permeability	O
changes	O
and	O
tissue	B-ANAT
injury	O
during	O
-	O
gram	O
negative	O
bacterial	B-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
.	O

The	O
Fas	B-DISO
/	O
FasL	B-PRGE
system	O
did	O
not	O
have	O
a	O
major	O
role	O
in	O
the	O
clearance	O
of	O
aerosolized	O
bacteria	B-SPEC
from	O
the	O
lungs	B-ANAT
at	O
the	O
bacterial	O
doses	O
tested	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Mouse	B-SPEC
hepatitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
type	O
-	O
2	O
infection	B-DISO
in	O
mice	B-SPEC
:	O
an	O
experimental	O
model	O
system	O
of	O
acute	O
meningitis	B-DISO
and	O
hepatitis	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Acute	B-DISO
cor	I-DISO
pulmonale	I-DISO
in	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
submitted	O
to	O
protective	O
ventilation	O
:	O
incidence	O
,	O
clinical	O
implications	O
,	O
and	O
prognosis	O
.	O

ACP	B-DISO
was	O
associated	O
with	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
artery	I-DISO
hypertension	I-DISO
,	O
increased	O
heart	B-ANAT
rate	O
,	O
and	O
decreased	O
stroke	B-DISO
index	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
ACP	B-DISO
patients	O
who	O
recovered	O
required	O
a	O
longer	O
period	O
of	O
respiratory	O
support	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Effects	O
of	O
intravenous	O
fat	O
emulsions	O
on	O
lung	B-PROC
function	I-PROC
in	O
patients	O
with	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
or	O
sepsis	B-DISO
.	O

Concomitantly	O
,	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
shunt	O
fraction	O
,	O
alveolar	B-ANAT
-	O
arterial	B-ANAT
oxygen	B-PROC
tension	B-DISO
difference	O
[	O
P	O
(	O
a	O
-	O
a	O
)	O
o2	O
]/	O
Pao2	B-PRGE
,	O
and	O
cardiac	B-ANAT
index	O
increased	O
as	O
well	O
,	O
whereas	O
pulmonary	B-PROC
vascular	B-ANAT
resistance	I-PROC
and	O
Pao2	B-PRGE
/	O
Fio2	O
declined	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Critical	O
state	O
medicine	B-CHED
.	O

Viral	O
wheezers	O
with	O
colds	B-DISO
reported	O
significantly	O
more	O
URT	O
symptoms	O
than	O
controls	O
(	O
median	O
scores	O
(	O
interquartile	O
range	O
):	O
24	O
(	O
10	O
-	O
37	O
)	O
and	O
6	O
(	O
4	O
-	O
15	O
),	O
respectively	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
014	O
).	O

The	O
fall	O
in	O
PC20	O
affected	O
both	O
atopic	B-DISO
and	O
nonatopic	O
subjects	O
equally	O
.	O

The	O
inhibition	B-PROC
of	O
acetylcholinesterase	B-PRGE
causes	O
accumulation	O
of	O
acetylcholine	B-CHED
at	O
synapses	B-COMP
,	O
and	O
overstimulation	O
of	O
neurotransmission	B-PROC
occurs	O
as	O
a	O
result	O
of	O
this	O
accumulation	O
.	O

Positive	O
end	O
expiratory	B-PROC
pressure	O
was	O
titrated	O
to	O
keep	O
SaO2	B-PROC
above	O
94	O
%	O
with	O
40	O
%	O
FIO2	O
.	O

Intermediate	B-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
was	O
observed	O
in	O
9	O
(	O
19	O
.	O
1	O
%)	O
patients	O
.	O

These	O
complications	O
were	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
(	O
14	O
patients	O
),	O
aspiration	B-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
(	O
10	O
patients	O
),	O
urinary	B-ANAT
system	I-ANAT
infection	B-DISO
(	O
6	O
patients	O
),	O
convulsion	B-DISO
(	O
4	O
patients	O
)	O
and	O
septic	B-DISO
shock	I-DISO
(	O
1	O
patient	O
).	O

Three	O
of	O
the	O
patients	O
who	O
did	O
not	O
receive	O
pralidoxime	B-CHED
because	O
of	O
unavailability	O
died	B-PROC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Airway	B-ANAT
pressure	O
release	B-PATH
ventilation	O
increases	O
cardiac	B-ANAT
performance	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
/	O
adult	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

Temperature	O
and	O
arterial	B-ANAT
oxygen	B-PROC
tension	B-DISO
/	O
fractional	O
inspired	B-PROC
oxygen	B-CHED
(	O
FiO2	O
)	O
were	O
similar	O
among	O
the	O
patients	O
.	O

3	O
for	O
PCV	B-CHED
to	O
12	O
+/-	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Variation	O
of	O
the	O
sequence	O
in	O
the	O
gene	O
encoding	O
for	O
transmembrane	B-COMP
protein	B-CHED
M	O
of	O
canine	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
CCV	B-DISO
).	O

Moreover	O
,	O
the	O
nucleotide	B-CHED
substitutions	O
occurring	O
over	O
the	O
whole	O
fragment	O
of	O
the	O
five	O
samples	O
analysed	O
were	O
similar	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
This	O
paper	O
demonstrates	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
stochastic	O
genetic	O
epidemiological	O
models	O
for	O
quantifying	O
the	O
consequences	O
of	O
selecting	O
animals	B-SPEC
for	O
resistance	B-PROC
to	O
a	O
microparasitic	O
infectious	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
.	O

In	O
the	O
base	O
population	O
,	O
the	O
basic	O
reproductive	B-PROC
ratio	O
,	O
R0	O
(	O
i	O
.	O
e	O
.,	O
the	O
expected	O
number	O
of	O
secondary	O
cases	O
after	O
the	O
introduction	O
of	O
a	O
single	O
infected	O
animal	B-SPEC
)	O
was	O
2	O
.	O
24	O
,	O
in	O
agreement	O
with	O
previous	O
studies	O
.	O

Normal	O
rats	B-SPEC
had	O
a	O
well	O
-	O
defined	O
upper	O
inflection	O
point	O
(	O
UIP	B-DISO
)	O
at	O
low	O
airway	B-ANAT
pressure	O
.	O

These	O
observations	O
may	O
have	O
clinical	O
relevance	O
in	O
the	O
context	O
of	O
the	O
""""	O
open	O
lung	B-ANAT
""""	O
strategy	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Cooperation	O
of	O
an	O
RNA	O
packaging	O
signal	O
and	O
a	O
viral	B-PRGE
envelope	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
in	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
RNA	O
packaging	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
subcellular	O
localization	B-PROC
of	O
transmissible	O
gastroenteritis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
)	O
and	O
mouse	B-DISO
hepatitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
MHV	B-SPEC
)	O
(	O
group	O
I	O
and	O
group	O
II	O
coronaviruses	O
,	O
respectively	O
)	O
nucleoproteins	O
(	O
N	O
proteins	B-CHED
)	O
were	O
examined	O
by	O
confocal	O
microscopy	O
.	O

Patients	O
who	O
initially	O
were	O
randomized	O
to	O
treatment	O
with	O
CV	O
showed	O
pulmonary	B-PROC
function	I-PROC
evidence	O
of	O
decreased	O
peak	O
expiratory	B-PROC
flow	O
,	O
increased	O
residual	O
lung	B-PROC
volume	I-PROC
,	O
and	O
maldistribution	O
of	O
ventilation	O
.	O

Surfactant	B-CHED
replacement	O
combined	O
with	O
early	O
HFOV	O
using	O
a	O
lung	B-ANAT
recruitment	B-DISO
strategy	O
ameliorates	O
the	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
in	O
respiratory	B-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
that	O
predisposes	O
some	O
preterm	O
infants	O
to	O
develop	O
chronic	B-DISO
lung	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Relationship	O
between	O
pancreatitis	B-DISO
and	O
lung	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
.	O

Most	O
patients	O
who	O
die	O
during	O
the	O
early	O
stages	O
of	O
severe	O
acute	B-DISO
pancreatitis	I-DISO
die	O
either	O
with	O
or	O
as	O
a	O
result	O
of	O
this	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
.	O

These	O
studies	O
have	O
indicated	O
that	O
adhesion	B-DISO
molecules	O
such	O
as	O
intracellular	B-PRGE
adhesion	B-DISO
molecule	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
(	O
ICAM	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
),	O
neutrophils	B-ANAT
,	O
platelet	B-PRGE
activating	I-PRGE
factor	I-PRGE
(	O
PAF	B-DISO
),	O
substance	O
P	O
,	O
and	O
chemokines	O
acting	O
via	O
the	O
CCR	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
chemokine	I-PRGE
receptor	I-PRGE
play	O
a	O
pro	B-CHED
-	O
inflammatory	O
role	O
while	O
complement	B-PRGE
factor	I-PRGE
C5a	I-PRGE
plays	O
an	O
anti	O
-	O
inflammatory	O
role	O
in	O
pancreatitis	B-DISO
and	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
by	O
day	O
12	O
pi	O
,	O
T	B-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
infiltration	B-DISO
into	O
the	O
CNS	B-CHED
of	O
infected	O
CCR5	B-PRGE
(-/-)	I-PRGE
and	O
CCR5	B-PRGE
(+/+)	O
mice	B-SPEC
was	O
similar	O
and	O
both	O
strains	O
exhibited	O
comparable	O
viral	O
titers	O
,	O
indicating	O
that	O
CCR5	B-PRGE
expression	B-PROC
is	O
not	O
essential	O
for	O
host	B-PROC
defense	I-PROC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
examine	O
whether	O
measurement	O
of	O
procalcitonin	O
(	O
PCT	B-DISO
)	O
in	O
comparison	O
with	O
interleukin	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
6	I-PRGE
is	O
a	O
reliable	O
marker	O
to	O
score	O
the	O
extent	O
of	O
lung	B-ANAT
contusion	O
in	O
bronchoalveolar	O
lavage	O
(	O
BAL	B-ENZY
)	O
fluids	B-ANAT
in	O
polytrauma	O
patients	O
.	O

They	O
can	O
be	O
used	O
as	O
pedicled	O
or	O
free	B-ANAT
flaps	I-ANAT
and	O
are	O
a	O
beneficial	O
reconstruction	O
strategy	O
for	O
major	O
defects	O
,	O
provided	O
there	O
is	O
tissue	B-ANAT
available	O
adjacent	O
to	O
these	O
defects	O
.	O

In	O
four	O
cases	O
,	O
a	O
partial	O
or	O
total	O
necrosis	B-PROC
of	O
a	O
fillet	O
flap	B-ANAT
occurred	O
(	O
one	O
patient	O
with	O
diabetic	B-DISO
vascular	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
,	O
one	O
with	O
Dupuytren	B-DISO
'	I-DISO
s	I-DISO
contracture	I-DISO
,	O
and	O
two	O
with	O
high	O
-	O
voltage	B-CHED
electrical	O
injuries	O
).	O
Thirty	O
-	O
six	O
pedicled	O
limb	B-ANAT
fillet	O
flaps	B-ANAT
were	O
used	O
in	O
35	O
cases	O
.	O

In	O
seven	O
other	O
cases	O
,	O
sacral	B-ANAT
,	O
pelvic	B-ANAT
,	O
groin	B-ANAT
,	O
hip	B-ANAT
,	O
abdominal	B-ANAT
wall	I-ANAT
,	O
or	O
lumbar	B-ANAT
defects	O
were	O
reconstructed	O
with	O
fillet	O
-	O
of	O
-	O
thigh	B-ANAT
or	O
entire	O
-	O
limb	B-ANAT
fillet	O
flaps	B-ANAT
.	O

This	O
complication	B-DISO
rate	O
seems	O
acceptable	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Toxic	O
epidermal	O
necrolysis	O
(	O
TEN	O
)	O
is	O
a	O
rare	O
severe	O
acute	O
exfoliative	O
drug	O
-	O
induced	O
skin	B-DISO
disorder	I-DISO
which	O
has	O
recently	O
been	O
ascribed	O
to	O
alterations	O
in	O
the	O
control	O
of	O
keratinocyte	B-PROC
apoptosis	B-PATH
,	O
mediated	O
by	O
an	O
interaction	O
between	O
the	O
cell	B-COMP
surface	I-COMP
death	B-PRGE
receptor	I-PRGE
Fas	B-DISO
and	O
its	O
respective	O
ligand	B-PROC
.	O

Eight	O
patients	O
were	O
healed	O
and	O
1	O
died	B-PROC
of	O
septic	B-DISO
shock	I-DISO
and	O
multiple	B-DISO
organ	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
.	O

Many	O
of	O
these	O
viruses	B-SPEC
induce	O
diseases	O
resulting	O
in	O
important	O
economic	O
losses	O
of	O
lower	O
vertebrates	B-SPEC
,	O
especially	O
in	O
fish	B-SPEC
aquaculture	O
.	O

In	O
addition	O
,	O
some	O
of	O
the	O
DNA	O
viruses	B-SPEC
seem	O
to	O
be	O
emerging	O
pathogens	O
involved	O
in	O
the	O
worldwide	O
decline	O
in	O
wildlife	O
.	O

The	O
computing	O
distances	O
among	O
their	O
S	O
gene	O
sequences	O
resulted	O
in	O
the	O
grouping	O
of	O
these	O
coronaviruses	O
into	O
four	O
clusters	B-CHED
,	O
one	O
of	O
them	O
exclusively	O
formed	O
by	O
the	O
Purdue	O
viruses	B-SPEC
.	O

Comparison	O
of	O
the	O
TGEV	B-PRGE
polymerase	I-PRGE
sequence	I-PRGE
with	O
that	O
of	O
other	O
RNA	O
viruses	B-SPEC
revealed	O
high	O
sequence	O
homology	O
with	O
the	O
A	O
-	O
E	O
domains	O
of	O
the	O
palm	B-ANAT
subdomain	O
of	O
nucleic	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
polymerases	I-PRGE
.	O

These	O
virus	B-SPEC
-	O
receptor	B-PROC
interactions	I-PROC
can	O
be	O
highly	O
species	B-SPEC
specific	O
;	O
for	O
example	O
,	O
the	O
human	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
can	O
use	O
human	B-PRGE
APN	I-PRGE
(	O
hAPN	O
)	O
but	O
not	O
porcine	B-PRGE
APN	I-PRGE
(	O
pAPN	O
)	O
as	O
its	O
cellular	B-COMP
receptor	O
,	O
and	O
porcine	B-SPEC
coronaviruses	O
can	O
use	O
pAPN	O
but	O
not	O
hAPN	O
.	O

Paired	O
serum	B-COMP
samples	O
obtained	O
were	O
tested	O
for	O
antibodies	B-COMP
to	O
BCV	B-SPEC
,	O
using	O
antibody	B-COMP
-	O
detection	O
ELISA	O
.	O

Some	O
cattle	B-SPEC
(	O
25	O
/	O
46	O
,	O
45	O
%)	O
shed	O
BECV	B-SPEC
and	O
BRCV	O
.	O

There	O
were	O
25	O
/	O
29	O
(	O
86	O
%)	O
cattle	B-SPEC
positive	O
for	O
BECV	B-SPEC
that	O
shed	O
BRCV	O
,	O
but	O
only	O
1	O
/	O
27	O
(	O
4	O
%)	O
cattle	B-SPEC
negative	O
to	O
BECV	B-SPEC
shed	O
BRCV	O
.	O

Twenty	O
-	O
seven	O
of	O
48	O
(	O
56	O
%)	O
paired	O
nasal	B-ANAT
swab	O
specimens	O
and	O
fecal	B-ANAT
samples	O
positive	O
for	O
BECV	B-SPEC
were	O
positive	O
for	O
BRCV	O
.	O

The	O
antibody	B-COMP
patterns	O
in	O
the	O
broiler	O
breeders	O
indicated	O
frequent	O
field	O
infections	B-DISO
breaking	O
through	O
vaccinal	O
immunity	B-PROC
.	O

8	O
and	O
mean	O
oxygenation	B-PROC
index	O
[	O
OI	O
]	O
of	O
42	O
+/-	O

The	O
volume	O
-	O
preset	O
,	O
assist	O
-	O
control	O
mode	O
is	O
recommended	O
for	O
better	O
control	O
of	O
V	O
(	O
T	O
),	O
and	O
the	O
respiratory	O
rate	O
should	O
be	O
increased	O
as	O
V	O
(	O
T	O
)	O
is	O
reduced	O
,	O
so	O
as	O
to	O
maintain	O
minute	O
ventilation	O
and	O
prevent	O
acute	O
hypercapnia	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
complete	O
ORF5	O
gene	O
of	O
eight	O
acute	O
PRRSV	B-SPEC
isolates	O
from	O
herds	O
experiencing	O
acute	O
PRRS	B-DISO
outbreaks	O
in	O
Iowa	O
and	O
North	O
Carolina	O
was	O
amplified	O
and	O
sequenced	O
.	O

Our	O
results	O
showed	O
that	O
the	O
acute	O
PRRSV	B-SPEC
isolates	O
analyzed	O
in	O
this	O
study	O
differed	O
from	O
each	O
other	O
in	O
ORF5	O
genes	O
,	O
although	O
they	O
all	O
clustered	O
within	O
the	O
North	O
American	O
genotype	O
.	O

Nasal	B-ANAT
brush	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
were	O
stained	O
immunohistochemically	O
for	O
Langerhans	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
,	O
T	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
,	O
monocytes	B-ANAT
,	O
neutrophils	B-ANAT
,	O
B	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
,	O
macrophages	B-ANAT
,	O
natural	O
killer	O
(	O
NK	O
)	O
cells	B-ANAT
,	I-ANAT
mast	I-ANAT
cells	B-COMP
,	O
eosinophils	B-ANAT
,	O
eotaxin	O
,	O
and	O
RANTES	B-PRGE
.	O

Four	O
rhinovirus	B-SPEC
,	O
four	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
,	O
three	O
RSV	B-SPEC
,	O
one	O
Mycoplasma	B-SPEC
pneumoniae	I-SPEC
,	O
and	O
one	O
influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
/	O
enterovirus	B-SPEC
double	O
infection	B-DISO
were	O
confirmed	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
We	O
report	O
a	O
case	O
of	O
Pneumocystis	B-DISO
carinii	I-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
(	O
PCP	B-DISO
)	O
in	O
which	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
tissue	I-ANAT
destruction	O
progressed	O
within	O
a	O
few	O
days	O
to	O
form	O
multiple	O
bullae	B-DISO
in	O
a	O
patient	O
with	O
no	O
HIV	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
1	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
.	O

The	O
present	O
case	O
demonstrated	O
that	O
HIV	B-PATH
infection	I-PATH
was	O
not	O
an	O
essential	O
factor	O
in	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
bullous	O
changes	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Staphylococcus	B-SPEC
aureus	I-SPEC
and	O
Streptococcus	B-SPEC
pyogenes	I-SPEC
produce	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
toxins	B-CHED
,	O
some	O
of	O
them	O
responsible	O
for	O
specific	O
diseases	O
.	O

Seven	O
toxins	B-CHED
have	O
been	O
isolated	O
so	O
far	O
.	O

Bullous	B-DISO
impetigo	I-DISO
is	O
also	O
due	O
to	O
exfoliatin	O
.	O

Scarlet	B-DISO
fever	I-DISO
is	O
related	O
to	O
the	O
streptococcal	O
erythrogenic	O
toxins	O
.	O

Toxic	B-DISO
shock	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
is	O
defined	O
as	O
a	O
multi	B-DISO
organ	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
syndrome	B-DISO
with	O
a	O
rapid	O
onset	O
,	O
fever	B-PROC
,	O
rash	B-DISO
followed	O
by	O
desquamation	O
,	O
vomiting	B-DISO
and	O
diarrhea	B-DISO
,	O
hypotension	O
,	O
conjunctivitis	B-DISO
and	O
strawberry	B-DISO
tongue	B-ANAT
.	O

Necrotizing	B-DISO
fasciitis	I-DISO
complicating	O
varicella	B-DISO
is	O
a	O
classic	O
cause	O
in	O
children	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
In	O
vivo	O
expression	B-PROC
of	O
major	B-PRGE
histocompatibility	I-PRGE
complex	I-PRGE
molecules	I-PRGE
on	O
oligodendrocytes	B-ANAT
and	O
neurons	B-ANAT
during	O
viral	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
.	O

We	O
set	O
out	O
to	O
precisely	O
define	O
which	O
central	B-ANAT
nervous	I-ANAT
system	I-ANAT
cells	B-COMP
express	O
MHC	B-PRGE
molecules	I-PRGE
in	O
vivo	O
during	O
infection	B-DISO
with	O
a	O
strain	O
of	O
murine	B-DISO
hepatitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
that	O
causes	O
a	O
chronic	O
,	O
inflammatory	O
demyelinating	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
.	O

Vascular	B-PROC
endothelial	B-ANAT
growth	B-PROC
factor	I-PROC
(	O
VEGF	B-PRGE
)	O
is	O
upregulated	O
only	O
in	O
susceptible	O
mice	B-SPEC
during	O
the	O
secondary	O
(	O
retinal	B-DISO
degeneration	I-DISO
)	O
phase	O
.	O

Results	O
were	O
expressed	B-PROC
as	O
mean	O
,	O
range	O
and	O
standard	O
deviation	O
.	O

Twenty	O
-	O
two	O
patients	O
needed	O
dialysis	B-SPEC
.	O

ARF	B-DISO
necessitating	O
dialysis	B-SPEC
was	O
seen	O
in	O
92	O
%	O
of	O
patients	O
with	O
ARF	B-DISO
in	O
malaria	B-PATH
.	O

Infection	B-DISO
of	O
mice	B-SPEC
lacking	O
CCR2	B-PRGE
(	O
CCR2	B-PRGE
(-/-))	O
with	O
MHV	B-SPEC
resulted	O
in	O
increased	O
mortality	O
and	O
enhanced	O
viral	O
recovery	O
from	O
the	O
brain	B-ANAT
that	O
correlated	O
with	O
reduced	O
(	O
p	O
<	O
or	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
04	O
)	O
T	B-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
and	O
macrophage	B-ANAT
/	O
microglial	B-ANAT
(	O
determined	O
by	O
F4	O
/	O
80	O
Ag	O
expression	B-PROC
,	O
p	O
<	O
or	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
004	O
)	O
infiltration	B-DISO
into	O
the	O
CNS	B-CHED
.	O

Moreover	O
,	O
MHV	B-SPEC
-	O
infected	O
CCR2	O
(-/-)	O
mice	B-SPEC
displayed	O
a	O
significant	O
decrease	O
in	O
Th1	O
-	O
associated	O
factors	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
gamma	I-PRGE
(	O
p	O
<	O
or	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
001	O
)	O
and	O
RANTES	B-PRGE
/	O
CCL5	B-PRGE
(	O
p	O
<	O
or	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
002	O
)	O
within	O
the	O
CNS	B-CHED
as	O
compared	O
with	O
CCR2	O
(+/+)	O
mice	O
.	O

Collectively	O
,	O
these	O
results	O
indicate	O
an	O
important	O
role	O
for	O
CCR2	B-PRGE
in	O
host	B-PROC
defense	I-PROC
and	O
disease	O
by	O
regulating	O
leukocyte	B-PROC
activation	I-PROC
and	O
trafficking	B-PROC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Bronchopulmonary	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
in	O
drug	O
abusers	O
].	O

Finally	O
repeated	O
intravenous	O
injections	O
of	O
various	O
drugs	O
designed	O
for	O
oral	B-ANAT
intake	O
can	O
lead	O
to	O
severe	O
complications	O
such	O
as	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
hypertension	I-DISO
or	O
toxic	O
interstitial	B-DISO
lung	B-ANAT
disease	I-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
An	O
effective	O
host	B-PROC
response	I-PROC
against	O
viral	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
of	O
the	O
central	B-ANAT
nervous	I-ANAT
system	I-ANAT
(	O
CNS	B-CHED
)	O
is	O
the	O
principal	O
factor	O
dictating	O
the	O
outcome	O
of	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

Throat	B-ANAT
,	O
rectal	B-ANAT
swab	I-ANAT
and	O
cerebrospinal	B-ANAT
fluid	I-ANAT
samples	O
were	O
subjected	O
to	O
viral	O
isolation	O
and	O
viral	O
isolates	O
were	O
identified	O
by	O
immunofluorescence	O
,	O
micro	O
-	O
neutralisation	O
using	O
human	B-SPEC
rhabdomyosarcoma	B-DISO
(	O
RD	O
)	O
cells	B-COMP
,	O
and	O
reverse	O
transcritpase	B-PRGE
polymerase	I-PRGE
chain	I-PRGE
reaction	O
.	O

Echovirus	B-SPEC
7	O
infection	B-DISO
associated	O
with	O
encephalomyelitis	B-DISO
could	O
be	O
fatal	O
due	O
to	O
indirect	O
involvement	O
of	O
the	O
heart	B-ANAT
resulting	O
in	O
severe	O
left	B-DISO
ventricular	I-DISO
dysfunction	I-DISO
.	O

Using	O
standard	O
operant	O
techniques	O
and	O
a	O
'	O
go	O
,	O
no	O
-	O
go	O
'	O
successive	O
discrimination	O
paradigm	O
,	O
six	O
BALB	O
/	O
c	O
mice	B-SPEC
were	O
trained	O
to	O
discriminate	O
between	O
the	O
presentation	O
of	O
an	O
air	B-CHED
or	O
odor	O
stimulus	O
(	O
three	O
mice	B-SPEC
for	O
each	O
of	O
the	O
odorants	O
propanol	B-CHED
and	O
propyl	B-CHED
acetate	B-CHED
).	O

Following	O
criterion	O
performance	O
,	O
each	O
mouse	B-SPEC
received	O
an	O
additional	O
2000	O
trials	O
of	O
overtraining	O
.	O

These	O
viruses	B-SPEC
were	O
isolated	O
between	O
the	O
years	O
1997	O
and	O
2000	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
immune	B-PROC
response	I-PROC
to	O
a	O
naked	O
plasmid	O
DNA	O
encoding	O
the	O
nucleoprotein	O
(	O
N	O
protein	B-CHED
)	O
of	O
porcine	B-DISO
transmissible	I-DISO
gastroenteritis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
)	O
was	O
investigated	O
in	O
this	O
study	O
.	O

To	O
evaluate	O
the	O
immunogenicity	O
of	O
the	O
construct	O
,	O
BALB	O
/	O
c	O
mice	B-SPEC
were	O
intramuscularly	O
immunized	O
with	O
different	O
doses	O
(	O
50	O
,	O
100	O
and	O
200	O
microg	O
/	O
mouse	B-SPEC
)	O
of	O
pcDNA	O
/	O
N	O
twice	O
at	O
a	O
5	O
-	O
week	O
interval	O
.	O

Moreover	O
,	O
spleen	B-ANAT
cells	B-COMP
from	O
these	O
mice	B-SPEC
showed	O
stronger	O
immune	B-PROC
responses	I-PROC
than	O
those	O
from	O
live	O
vaccine	O
or	O
parental	O
vector	O
immunized	O
mice	B-SPEC
.	O

These	O
results	O
suggest	O
that	O
the	O
construct	O
can	O
elicit	O
both	O
humoral	O
and	O
cell	B-COMP
-	O
mediated	O
immune	O
(	O
CMI	O
)	O
responses	O
against	O
TGEV	B-PRGE
N	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
in	O
mice	B-SPEC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Humoral	O
and	O
cellular	B-PROC
immune	I-PROC
responses	I-PROC
in	O
turkey	B-SPEC
poults	O
infected	O
with	O
turkey	B-SPEC
coronavirus	B-SPEC
.	O

Turkey	B-SPEC
poults	O
were	O
orally	B-ANAT
inoculated	O
with	O
TCV	B-SPEC
at	O
10	O
d	O
of	O
age	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
immune	B-PROC
responses	I-PROC
were	O
analyzed	O
at	O
1	O
,	O
3	O
,	O
7	O
,	O
14	O
,	O
21	O
,	O
28	O
,	O
42	O
,	O
and	O
63	O
d	O
postinfection	O
(	O
PI	O
)	O
in	O
three	O
different	O
experiments	O
.	O

In	O
addition	O
,	O
Ig	O
gradually	O
increased	O
from	O
7	O
to	O
21	O
d	O
PI	O
and	O
remained	O
at	O
80	O
immunofluroescent	O
antibody	B-COMP
assay	O
(	O
IFA	O
)	O
titers	O
or	O
more	O
thereafter	O
.	O

Lymphocyte	B-PROC
proliferation	B-DISO
responses	O
of	O
spleen	B-ANAT
cells	B-COMP
to	O
concanavalin	O
A	O
were	O
higher	O
in	O
TCV	B-SPEC
-	O
infected	O
turkeys	B-SPEC
than	O
in	O
noninfected	O
control	O
turkeys	B-SPEC
with	O
significant	O
differences	O
(	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
)	O
being	O
noted	O
at	O
14	O
and	O
63	O
d	O
PI	O
in	O
Experiment	O
2	O
and	O
at	O
3	O
and	O
28	O
d	O
PI	O
in	O
Experiment	O
3	O
.	O

In	O
Experiment	O
3	O
,	O
the	O
IgG	B-PRGE
isotype	I-PRGE
antibody	I-PRGE
response	O
to	O
TCV	B-SPEC
was	O
markedly	O
increased	O
after	O
21	O
d	O
PI	O
and	O
remained	O
high	O
until	O
63	O
d	O
PI	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
coronavirus	B-PRGE
3C	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
like	I-PRGE
proteinase	B-PROC
is	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
viral	O
proteinases	O
responsible	O
for	O
processing	O
of	O
the	O
1a	O
and	O
1a	O
/	O
1b	O
polyproteins	O
to	O
multiple	O
mature	O
products	O
.	O

In	O
cells	B-COMP
infected	O
with	O
avian	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
IBV	B-SPEC
),	O
three	O
proteins	B-CHED
of	O
100	O
,	O
39	O
,	O
and	O
35	O
kDa	O
,	O
respectively	O
,	O
were	O
previously	O
identified	O
as	O
mature	O
cleavage	B-PROC
products	O
released	O
from	O
the	O
1b	O
region	O
of	O
the	O
1a	O
/	O
1b	O
polyprotein	O
by	O
the	O
3C	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
like	I-PRGE
proteinase	I-PRGE
.	O

In	O
this	O
report	O
,	O
we	O
show	O
the	O
identification	O
of	O
two	O
more	O
cleavage	B-PROC
products	O
of	O
68	O
and	O
58	O
kDa	O
released	O
from	O
the	O
same	O
region	O
of	O
the	O
polyprotein	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
while	O
virus	B-SPEC
was	O
cleared	O
from	O
the	O
CNS	B-CHED
of	O
wild	O
-	O
type	O
mice	B-SPEC
,	O
virus	B-SPEC
persisted	O
in	O
the	O
CNS	B-CHED
of	O
muMT	O
mice	B-SPEC
.	O

To	O
determine	O
how	O
B	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
mediate	O
viral	O
clearance	O
,	O
we	O
first	O
assessed	O
CD4	B-PRGE
(+)	O
T	B-PROC
cell	I-PROC
activation	I-PROC
in	O
the	O
absence	O
of	O
B	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
as	O
APC	B-COMP
.	O

The	O
muMT	O
mice	B-SPEC
that	O
received	O
A59	O
-	O
specific	O
Ab	O
had	O
decreased	O
virus	B-SPEC
,	O
while	O
mice	B-SPEC
with	O
B	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
deficient	O
in	O
Ab	O
secretion	B-PROC
did	O
not	O
clear	O
virus	B-SPEC
from	O
the	O
CNS	B-CHED
.	O

These	O
data	O
suggest	O
that	O
clearance	O
of	O
infectious	B-DISO
mouse	B-DISO
hepatitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
strain	O
A59	O
from	O
the	O
CNS	B-CHED
requires	O
Ab	O
production	O
and	O
perhaps	O
B	B-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
support	O
of	O
T	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
;	O
however	O
,	O
virus	B-SPEC
is	O
cleared	O
from	O
the	O
liver	B-ANAT
without	O
the	O
involvement	O
of	O
Abs	O
or	O
B	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
We	O
determined	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
oxygen	B-CHED
consumption	O
(	O
VO2lung	O
)	O
in	O
low	O
-	O
birthweight	O
infants	O
with	O
acute	O
lung	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
to	O
help	O
explain	O
the	O
greater	O
whole	O
-	O
body	B-ANAT
oxygen	B-CHED
consumption	O
(	O
VO2wb	O
)	O
in	O
these	O
infants	O
with	O
than	O
in	O
those	O
without	O
lung	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
.	O

Randomized	O
,	O
controlled	O
experimental	O
study	O
in	O
an	O
animal	B-SPEC
research	O
laboratory	O
.	O

Hyaline	B-DISO
membrane	B-COMP
formation	B-PROC
,	O
intra	O
-	O
alveolar	B-ANAT
neutrophil	B-ANAT
(	O
PMN	B-PROC
)	O
accumulation	O
and	O
intra	O
-	O
alveolar	B-ANAT
/	O
perivascular	O
haemorrhage	B-DISO
were	O
graded	O
semiquantitatively	O
(	O
0	O
-	O
4	O
).	O

Benefits	O
of	O
HFOV	O
in	O
terms	O
of	O
CLD	B-DISO
appear	O
to	O
be	O
outweighed	O
by	O
concerns	O
about	O
increased	O
rates	O
of	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
air	B-CHED
leak	O
and	O
severe	O
IVH	O
.	O

ARDS	B-DISO
usually	O
appears	O
within	O
12	O
to	O
72	O
hours	O
of	O
an	O
identifiable	O
clinical	O
event	O
and	O
progresses	O
through	O
three	O
phases	O
:	O
1	O
.	O

exudative	O
phase	O
;	O
2	O
.	O
alveolar	B-ANAT
membrane	B-COMP
damage	O
and	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
surfactant	B-CHED
systems	O
;	O
and	O
3	O
.	O

Nearly	O
all	O
of	O
the	O
deaths	B-PROC
occur	O
within	O
30	O
days	O
of	O
the	O
onset	O
of	O
the	O
syndrome	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Auricular	B-ANAT
chondritis	B-DISO
in	O
a	O
cat	B-SPEC
.	O

The	O
ear	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
responded	O
rapidly	O
to	O
treatment	O
with	O
prednisolone	B-CHED
and	O
,	O
apart	O
from	O
slight	O
thickening	O
and	O
curling	O
of	O
the	O
pinnae	O
,	O
the	O
cat	B-SPEC
remained	O
normal	O
and	O
pain	O
-	O
free	O
.	O

After	O
two	O
years	O
,	O
the	O
prednisolone	B-CHED
was	O
withdrawn	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
there	O
was	O
no	O
recurrence	B-DISO
of	O
the	O
condition	B-DISO
in	O
a	O
follow	O
-	O
up	O
period	O
of	O
14	O
months	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
protein	B-CHED
encoded	O
by	O
ORF	O
4	O
of	O
mouse	B-DISO
hepatitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
MHV	B-SPEC
)	O
is	O
not	O
required	O
for	O
growth	B-PROC
of	O
some	O
strains	O
in	O
tissue	B-ANAT
culture	O
cells	B-COMP
,	O
but	O
its	O
role	O
in	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
in	O
the	O
murine	B-SPEC
host	B-COMP
has	O
not	O
been	O
defined	O
previously	O
in	O
a	O
controlled	O
manner	O
.	O

Srr7	O
showed	O
apparently	O
reduced	O
neurovirulence	O
relative	O
to	O
the	O
wild	O
-	O
type	O
(	O
wt	O
)	O
JHMV	O
in	O
terms	O
of	O
the	O
LD50	O
and	O
survival	O
time	O
,	O
while	O
the	O
others	O
showed	O
slightly	O
reduced	O
virulence	B-PROC
.	O

The	O
major	O
difference	O
was	O
that	O
apoptotic	O
cells	O
were	O
frequently	O
encountered	O
in	O
the	O
srr7	O
-	O
infected	O
mouse	B-ANAT
brain	I-ANAT
,	O
but	O
not	O
in	O
wt	O
-	O
infected	O
mice	B-SPEC
on	O
day	O
2	O
p	O
.	O
i	O
.	O

Military	O
research	O
altitude	O
chamber	B-ANAT
.	O

Positive	O
end	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
expiratory	I-PROC
pressure	O
increases	O
from	O
5	O
to	O
12	O
.	O
5	O
cm	O
H2O	B-CHED
were	O
required	O
to	O
bring	O
the	O
PaO2	O
in	O
the	O
injured	O
pigs	B-SPEC
to	O
75	O
torr	O
(	O
10	O
.	O
0	O
kPa	O
).	O

One	O
animal	B-SPEC
crossed	O
over	O
from	O
Fio2	O
to	O
positive	O
end	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
expiratory	I-PROC
pressure	O
and	O
achieved	O
a	O
PaO2	O
of	O
75	O
torr	O
(	O
10	O
.	O
0	O
kPa	O
)	O
with	O
5	O
cm	O
H2O	B-CHED
of	O
positive	O
end	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
expiratory	I-PROC
pressure	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Secondary	O
structural	O
elements	O
within	O
the	O
3	O
'	O
untranslated	O
region	O
of	O
mouse	B-DISO
hepatitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
strain	O
JHM	O
genomic	O
RNA	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Previously	O
,	O
we	O
characterized	O
two	O
host	O
protein	B-FUNC
binding	I-FUNC
elements	O
located	O
within	O
the	O
3	O
'-	O
terminal	O
166	O
nucleotides	B-CHED
of	O
the	O
mouse	B-DISO
hepatitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
MHV	B-SPEC
)	O
genome	O
and	O
assessed	O
their	O
functions	O
in	O
defective	O
-	O
interfering	O
(	O
DI	O
)	O
RNA	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
.	O

To	O
determine	O
the	O
role	O
of	O
RNA	O
secondary	O
structures	O
within	O
these	O
two	O
host	B-COMP
protein	B-FUNC
binding	I-FUNC
elements	O
in	O
viral	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
,	O
we	O
explored	O
the	O
secondary	O
structure	O
of	O
the	O
3	O
'-	O
terminal	O
166	O
nucleotides	B-CHED
of	O
the	O
MHV	B-SPEC
strain	O
JHM	O
genome	O
using	O
limited	O
RNase	B-PRGE
digestion	B-PROC
assays	O
.	O

Mutant	B-DISO
and	O
wild	O
-	O
type	O
DIssEs	O
were	O
employed	O
to	O
test	O
the	O
function	O
of	O
secondary	O
structure	O
elements	O
in	O
DI	O
RNA	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
.	O

Mutations	O
interfering	O
with	O
the	O
pairing	O
of	O
nucleotides	B-CHED
67	O
to	O
63	O
with	O
nucleotides	B-CHED
52	O
to	O
56	O
had	O
only	O
minor	O
effects	O
on	O
DIssE	O
replication	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
difference	O
in	O
membrane	B-COMP
(	O
M	O
)	O
protein	B-CHED
compositions	O
between	O
the	O
transmissible	O
gastroenteritis	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
)	O
virion	B-COMP
and	O
the	O
core	O
has	O
been	O
studied	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Major	O
advances	O
in	O
the	O
study	O
of	O
the	O
molecular	O
biology	O
of	O
RNA	O
viruses	O
have	O
resulted	O
from	O
the	O
ability	O
to	O
generate	O
and	O
manipulate	O
full	O
-	O
length	O
genomic	O
cDNAs	O
of	O
the	O
viral	O
genomes	O
with	O
the	O
subsequent	O
synthesis	B-PROC
of	O
infectious	B-DISO
RNA	O
for	O
the	O
generation	O
of	O
recombinant	O
viruses	B-SPEC
.	O

Patients	O
with	O
major	O
trauma	O
underwent	O
bronchoalveolar	O
lavage	O
(	O
BAL	B-ENZY
)	O
and	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
8	I-FUNC
levels	O
were	O
measured	O
in	O
BAL	B-ENZY
fluid	O
by	O
ELISA	O
.	O

Human	B-SPEC
macrophages	B-ANAT
were	O
derived	O
from	O
peripheral	B-ANAT
blood	I-ANAT
monocytes	B-ANAT
from	O
healthy	O
volunteers	O
.	O

Rabbit	B-SPEC
alveolar	B-ANAT
macrophages	I-ANAT
were	O
obtained	O
from	O
ex	O
-	O
vivo	O
lavage	O
of	O
healthy	O
rabbit	B-SPEC
lungs	B-ANAT
.	O

Macrophages	B-ANAT
were	O
culture	O
under	O
normoxic	O
or	O
hypoxic	O
(	O
PO2	B-PROC
26	O
mmHg	O
)	O
conditions	O
.	O

In	O
human	B-SPEC
monocyte	B-ANAT
derived	I-ANAT
macrophages	I-ANAT
hypoxia	B-DISO
rapidly	O
upregulated	O
IL	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
8	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
(	O
within	O
2	O
hours	O
)	O
and	O
mRNA	B-PROC
expression	B-PROC
(	O
within	O
30	O
mins	O
).	O

Hypoxia	B-DISO
increased	O
DNA	B-FUNC
binding	I-FUNC
activity	O
of	O
AP	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
and	O
C	B-PRGE
/	I-PRGE
EBP	I-PRGE
but	O
not	O
NF	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
kappaB	I-PRGE
.	O
Hypoxia	B-DISO
induced	O
HIF	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
expression	B-PROC
,	O
but	O
cobaltous	O
ions	B-CHED
and	O
desferrioxamine	B-CHED
did	O
not	O
mimic	O
hypoxic	B-DISO
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
8	I-FUNC
induction	O
.	O

Hypoxia	B-DISO
downregulated	O
a	O
range	O
of	O
other	O
proinflammatory	O
mediators	O
,	O
including	O
MCP	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
and	O
TNF	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
alpha	I-PRGE
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Identification	O
and	O
ultrastructural	O
characterization	O
of	O
a	O
novel	O
virus	B-SPEC
from	O
fish	B-SPEC
.	O

The	O
virion	B-COMP
has	O
a	O
bacilliform	O
shape	O
(	O
170	O
-	O
200x75	O
-	O
88	O
nm	O
)	O
reminiscent	O
of	O
rhabdoviruses	B-SPEC
with	O
an	O
envelope	B-COMP
containing	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
-	O
like	O
spikes	O
(	O
20	O
-	O
25	O
nm	O
).	O

The	O
buoyant	O
density	O
of	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
determined	O
in	O
sucrose	B-CHED
was	O
1	O
.	O
17	O
-	O
1	O
.	O
19	O
g	O
/	O
ml	O
.	O

Preliminary	O
biochemical	O
characterization	O
revealed	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
six	B-PRGE
antigenic	I-PRGE
glycoproteins	I-PRGE
,	O
three	O
of	O
which	O
contain	O
sugars	O
with	O
concanavalin	O
-	O
A	O
specificity	O
.	O

In	O
summary	O
,	O
the	O
first	O
characterization	O
of	O
a	O
new	O
virus	B-SPEC
that	O
might	O
represent	O
a	O
member	O
of	O
a	O
novel	O
virus	B-SPEC
family	B-SPEC
that	O
has	O
morphological	O
features	O
resembling	O
those	O
found	O
in	O
rhabdo	O
-,	O
corona	B-CHED
-	O
and	O
baculoviruses	O
is	O
presented	O
.	O

15	O
male	O
Suffolk	O
sheep	B-SPEC
.	O

Mean	O
systemic	O
arterial	B-PROC
pressure	I-PROC
,	O
mean	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
arterial	B-PROC
pressure	I-PROC
,	O
arterial	B-ANAT
oxygen	B-PROC
tension	B-DISO
(	O
PO2	B-PROC
),	O
pulmonary	B-PRGE
myeloperoxidase	B-FUNC
activity	I-FUNC
,	O
and	O
neutrophil	B-ANAT
respiratory	B-PROC
burst	I-PROC
activity	O
.	O

It	O
reduced	O
pulmonary	B-PRGE
myeloperoxidase	B-FUNC
activity	I-FUNC
and	O
peripheral	O
neutropenia	O
and	O
increased	O
neutrophil	B-ANAT
respiratory	B-PROC
burst	I-PROC
activity	O
.	O

This	O
data	O
suggest	O
that	O
taurine	B-CHED
may	O
have	O
a	O
therapeutic	O
role	O
in	O
preventing	O
the	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
seen	O
in	O
endotoxaemia	O
.	O

We	O
report	O
a	O
severe	O
form	O
of	O
GBL	O
withdrawal	B-DISO
,	O
characterized	O
by	O
delirium	B-DISO
,	O
psychosis	B-DISO
,	O
autonomic	B-DISO
instability	I-DISO
,	O
and	O
resistance	B-PROC
to	O
benzodiazepine	B-CHED
therapy	O
.	O

Test	O
results	O
for	O
ethanol	B-CHED
and	O
routine	O
drugs	O
of	O
abuse	B-DISO
were	O
negative	O
.	O

Pentobarbital	B-CHED
was	O
then	O
administered	O
,	O
resulting	O
in	O
excellent	O
control	O
of	O
behavioral	B-PROC
,	O
autonomic	B-ANAT
,	O
and	O
psychiatric	B-DISO
symptoms	I-DISO
and	O
in	O
rapid	O
reduction	O
or	O
avoidance	O
of	O
benzodiazepines	B-CHED
.	O

GBL	O
discontinuation	O
can	O
result	O
in	O
severe	O
withdrawal	B-DISO
,	O
necessitating	O
ICU	O
admission	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Transmissible	O
gastroenteritis	O
(	O
TGE	B-DISO
)	O
and	O
porcine	B-SPEC
epidemic	B-DISO
diarrhea	I-DISO
(	O
PED	O
)	O
are	O
highly	O
contagious	O
enteric	O
diseases	O
of	O
piglets	O
.	O

This	O
completes	O
the	O
sequence	O
of	O
the	O
entire	O
genome	O
of	O
strain	O
CV777	O
,	O
which	O
was	O
found	O
to	O
be	O
28	O
,	O
033	O
nucleotides	B-CHED
(	O
nt	O
)	O
in	O
length	O
(	O
excluding	O
the	O
poly	O
A	O
-	O
tail	O
).	O

Primary	O
sequences	O
derived	O
from	O
these	O
products	O
were	O
used	O
to	O
design	O
additional	O
primers	O
resulting	O
in	O
the	O
amplification	B-DISO
and	O
sequencing	O
of	O
the	O
entire	O
ORF1	O
of	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
.	O

By	O
analogy	O
to	O
other	O
coronavirus	B-PRGE
replicase	I-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
products	I-PRGE
,	O
three	O
protease	O
and	O
one	O
growth	B-PROC
factor	O
-	O
like	O
motif	O
were	O
seen	O
in	O
ORF1a	O
,	O
and	O
one	O
polymerase	O
domain	O
,	O
one	O
metal	B-CHED
ion	O
-	O
binding	B-FUNC
domain	O
,	O
and	O
one	O
helicase	B-PRGE
motif	I-PRGE
could	O
be	O
assigned	O
within	O
ORF1b	O
.	O

Percentages	O
of	O
intrahepatic	O
CD4	B-PRGE
(+)	O
cells	B-COMP
decreased	O
in	O
attenuated	O
YAC	O
-	O
MHV3	O
-	O
infected	O
mice	B-SPEC
,	O
while	O
they	O
increased	O
in	O
mice	B-SPEC
infected	O
with	O
pathogenic	O
L2	O
-	O
MHV3	O
,	O
compared	O
with	O
uninfected	O
animals	B-SPEC
.	O

Ex	O
vivo	O
studies	O
showed	O
that	O
only	O
the	O
intrahepatic	O
CD8	B-PRGE
(+)	O
cells	B-COMP
that	O
were	O
increased	O
in	O
YAC	O
-	O
MHV3	O
-	O
infected	O
mice	B-SPEC
could	O
be	O
stimulated	O
by	O
lectins	O
.	O

These	O
results	O
indicate	O
that	O
the	O
attenuated	O
phenotype	O
of	O
the	O
YAC	O
-	O
MHV3	O
virus	B-SPEC
is	O
related	O
to	O
two	O
different	O
mechanisms	O
:	O
the	O
first	O
involves	O
no	O
increase	O
of	O
intrahepatic	O
CD4	B-PRGE
(+)	I-PRGE
alphabeta	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
TCR	I-PRGE
(	O
inter	O
)	O
or	O
NK	O
-	O
T	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
,	O
while	O
the	O
second	O
favors	O
the	O
recruitment	B-DISO
and	O
activation	O
of	O
CD8	B-PRGE
(+)	O
cells	B-COMP
in	O
liver	B-ANAT
.	O

Major	O
protein	O
bands	O
of	O
purified	O
viruses	B-SPEC
analyzed	O
by	O
SDS	B-DISO
-	O
PAGE	O
were	O
located	O
at	O
200	O
,	O
100	O
-	O
110	O
,	O
50	O
-	O
60	O
,	O
and	O
30	O
-	O
35	O
kDa	O
.	O

A	O
568	O
bp	O
nucleotide	B-CHED
fragment	O
of	O
turkey	B-SPEC
coronavirus	B-SPEC
spike	O
protein	B-CHED
gene	O
was	O
amplified	O
from	O
RNA	O
of	O
inoculated	O
turkey	B-SPEC
embryo	B-ANAT
intestine	B-ANAT
or	O
purified	O
virus	B-SPEC
.	O

They	O
also	O
indicate	O
that	O
genetic	O
RNA	O
recombination	B-PROC
(	O
especially	O
the	O
nonhomologous	O
one	O
)	O
is	O
a	O
major	O
factor	O
responsible	O
for	O
the	O
emergence	O
of	O
new	O
viral	O
strains	O
or	O
species	B-SPEC
.	O

Among	O
them	O
,	O
brome	B-SPEC
mosaic	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
BMV	B-SPEC
),	O
a	O
model	O
(+)	O
RNA	O
virus	B-SPEC
offers	O
the	O
best	O
opportunities	O
to	O
investigate	O
various	O
aspects	O
of	O
genetic	O
RNA	O
recombination	B-PROC
in	O
vivo	O
.	O

That	O
is	O
why	O
in	O
this	O
review	O
we	O
present	O
and	O
thoroughly	O
discuss	O
all	O
results	O
concerning	O
nonhomologous	O
recombination	B-PROC
in	O
BMV	B-SPEC
that	O
have	O
been	O
obtained	O
until	O
now	O
.	O

There	O
were	O
four	O
dietary	O
treatments	O
in	O
Experiment	O
1	O
representing	O
a	O
2	O
x	O
2	O
factorial	O
design	O
of	O
additional	O
Arg	B-CHED
(	O
120	O
%	O
of	O
NRC	O
)	O
or	O
additional	O
Lys	B-CHED
(	O
120	O
%	O
of	O
NRC	O
)	O
added	O
to	O
a	O
control	O
diet	O
containing	O
100	O
%	O
of	O
NRC	O
Arg	B-CHED
and	O
Lys	B-CHED
(	O
six	O
replications	O
per	O
treatment	O
).	O

In	O
Experiment	O
2	O
,	O
treatment	O
differences	O
in	O
growth	B-PROC
responses	O
,	O
lymphoid	B-ANAT
organ	I-ANAT
development	O
,	O
and	O
primary	O
antibody	B-COMP
titers	O
to	O
SRBC	O
did	O
not	O
occur	O
.	O

A	O
dietary	O
Arg	B-CHED
level	O
near	O
the	O
NRC	O
(	O
1994	O
)	O
recommendation	O
should	O
support	O
proper	O
immune	B-ANAT
system	I-ANAT
functions	O
in	O
healthy	O
chicks	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
relationship	O
between	O
the	O
dietary	O
level	O
of	O
vitamin	B-CHED
E	I-CHED
(	O
VE	O
)	O
and	O
the	O
immune	B-PROC
response	I-PROC
of	O
broilers	O
was	O
studied	O
in	O
three	O
experiments	O
.	O

Immunity	B-PROC
was	O
assessed	O
as	O
antibody	B-PROC
production	I-PROC
to	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
IBV	B-SPEC
),	O
SRBC	O
,	O
and	O
Brucella	B-DISO
abortus	I-DISO
(	O
BA	O
)	O
antigens	B-CHED
,	O
mitogenic	O
response	O
to	O
phytohemagglutinin	O
A	O
(	O
PHA	B-DISO
)	O
and	O
concanavalin	O
A	O
(	O
Con	B-PRGE
A	I-PRGE
),	O
cutaneous	O
basophil	B-ANAT
hypersensitivity	B-DISO
(	O
CBH	O
)	O
to	O
PHA	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
lipopolysaccharide	B-CHED
induction	O
of	O
acute	O
-	O
phase	O
proteins	B-CHED
(	O
APP	B-CHED
)	O
and	O
heterophilia	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Pulmonary	B-ANAT
vascular	B-PROC
endothelial	B-ANAT
growth	B-PROC
factor	I-PROC
and	O
Flt	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
in	O
fetuses	B-ANAT
,	O
in	O
acute	O
and	O
chronic	B-DISO
lung	B-ANAT
disease	I-DISO
,	O
and	O
in	O
persistent	O
pulmonary	O
hypertension	O
of	O
the	O
newborn	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Respiratory	B-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
RDS	O
)	O
and	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
bronchopulmonary	B-DISO
dysplasia	I-DISO
(	O
BPD	B-DISO
)	O
are	O
characterized	O
by	O
endothelial	B-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
damage	O
.	O

VEGF	B-PRGE
was	O
measured	O
in	O
tracheal	O
aspirates	B-ANAT
from	O
31	O
preterm	O
infants	O
,	O
5	O
intubated	O
term	O
infants	O
without	O
primary	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
,	O
and	O
12	O
infants	O
with	O
PPHN	O
during	O
the	O
first	O
10	O
postnatal	O
days	O
,	O
and	O
from	O
8	O
infants	O
with	O
BPD	B-DISO
.	O

Preterm	O
infants	O
with	O
more	O
severe	O
RDS	O
had	O
lower	O
VEGF	B-PRGE
than	O
those	O
who	O
recovered	O
.	O

The	O
persistent	O
expression	B-PROC
of	O
VEGF	B-PRGE
and	O
Flt	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
during	O
the	O
fetal	B-ANAT
and	O
neonatal	O
period	O
supports	O
a	O
physiological	B-CHED
role	I-CHED
for	O
VEGF	B-PRGE
in	O
human	B-SPEC
lung	B-PROC
development	B-PROC
.	O

In	O
PPHN	O
,	O
that	O
more	O
cell	B-COMP
types	O
express	O
VEGF	B-PRGE
and	O
Flt	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
,	O
and	O
the	O
tendency	O
toward	O
a	O
higher	O
concentration	O
of	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
VEGF	B-PRGE
may	O
represent	O
enhanced	O
production	O
of	O
VEGF	B-PRGE
in	O
response	O
to	O
impaired	B-DISO
endothelial	B-ANAT
function	O
.	O

Comparisons	O
were	O
made	O
between	O
low	O
and	O
high	O
tidal	O
volume	O
ventilation	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
across	O
five	O
PEEP	B-CHED
levels	O
.	O

Static	O
compliance	O
was	O
highest	O
at	O
PEEP	B-CHED
of	O
10	O
and	O
15	O
cmH2O	O
,	O
regardless	O
of	O
tidal	O
volume	O
.	O

With	O
PEEP	B-CHED
set	O
at	O
5	O
cmH2O	O
,	O
static	O
compliance	O
was	O
significantly	O
lower	O
with	O
6	O
mL	O
/	O
kg	O
than	O
with	O
10	O
mL	O
/	O
kg	O
tidal	O
volumes	O
.	O

The	O
possible	O
role	O
of	O
an	O
immunopathologic	O
response	O
to	O
T	O
gondii	O
in	O
the	O
lungs	B-ANAT
in	O
triggering	O
ARDS	B-DISO
is	O
discussed	O
.	O

Fluorescence	O
confocal	O
microscopy	O
of	O
isolated	O
bioconjugate	O
-	O
bound	O
CHO	B-ANAT
cells	B-COMP
indicated	O
that	O
the	O
bioconjugated	O
nanoparticles	B-CHED
were	O
primarily	O
located	O
near	O
the	O
cell	B-COMP
periphery	I-COMP
;	O
however	O
,	O
transduction	B-PROC
of	O
the	O
nanoparticle	B-CHED
into	O
the	O
cells	B-COMP
also	O
occurred	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
The	O
role	O
of	O
the	O
receptor	B-PRGE
tyrosine	I-PRGE
kinase	I-PRGE
Ron	B-PRGE
in	O
nickel	B-CHED
-	O
induced	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Acute	O
lung	O
injury	O
(	O
ALI	O
),	O
a	O
severe	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
,	O
develops	O
in	O
response	O
to	O
numerous	O
insults	O
and	O
responds	O
poorly	O
to	O
therapeutic	O
intervention	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
VirOligo	O
is	O
a	O
database	O
of	O
virus	O
-	O
specific	O
oligonucleotides	B-CHED
.	O

Each	O
oligonucleotide	B-CHED
entry	O
contains	O
links	O
to	O
PubMed	O
,	O
GenBank	O
,	O
NCBI	O
Taxonomy	O
databases	O
and	O
BLAST	B-ANAT
.	O

The	O
viruses	B-SPEC
are	O
bovine	B-SPEC
herpes	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
types	O
1	O
,	O
3	O
,	O
4	O
and	O
5	O
,	O
bovine	B-SPEC
viral	I-SPEC
diarrhea	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
,	O
bovine	B-SPEC
parainfluenza	I-SPEC
3	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
,	O
bovine	B-SPEC
respiratory	I-SPEC
syncytial	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
,	O
bovine	B-SPEC
adenovirus	B-DISO
,	O
bovine	B-SPEC
rhinovirus	B-SPEC
,	O
bovine	B-SPEC
coronavirus	B-SPEC
,	O
bovine	B-SPEC
reovirus	B-SPEC
,	O
bovine	B-SPEC
enterovirus	I-SPEC
and	O
alcelaphine	B-SPEC
herpesvirus	I-SPEC
-	O
1	O
.	O

for	O
30	O
min	O
before	O
the	O
oleic	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
and	O
then	O
0	O
.	O
5	O
mg	O
/	O
kg	O
/	O
h	O
,	O
i	O
.	O
v	O
.	O

We	O
conclude	O
that	O
methylprednisolone	B-CHED
did	O
not	O
attenuate	O
oleic	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
-	O
induced	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
and	O
this	O
can	O
be	O
explained	O
partly	O
by	O
its	O
failure	O
to	O
reduce	O
the	O
increase	O
of	O
phospholipase	B-PRGE
A	I-PRGE
(	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
)	I-PRGE
activity	O
and	O
the	O
surfactant	B-CHED
degradation	O
in	O
the	O
lung	B-ANAT
,	O
which	O
might	O
also	O
account	O
for	O
its	O
clinical	O
ineffectiveness	O
against	O
early	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

We	O
report	O
this	O
case	O
because	O
it	O
is	O
relatively	O
rare	O
for	O
PBC	B-DISO
to	O
be	O
complicated	O
by	O
severe	O
interstitial	B-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
,	O
and	O
it	O
may	O
offer	O
insight	O
into	O
the	O
etiology	O
of	O
these	O
diseases	O
.	O

Despite	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
new	O
analgesic	B-CHED
drugs	O
and	O
different	O
therapeutic	O
modalities	O
in	O
pain	O
treatment	O
,	O
acute	O
postoperative	B-DISO
pain	I-DISO
represents	O
a	O
negative	O
experience	O
for	O
many	O
surgical	O
patients	O
.	O

Anesthesiologists	O
have	O
a	O
central	O
role	O
in	O
perioperative	O
treatment	O
of	O
surgical	O
patients	O
(	O
from	O
the	O
preoperative	O
preparation	O
through	O
anesthesia	B-DISO
and	O
intraoperative	O
monitoring	O
to	O
postoperative	O
treatment	O
and	O
monitoring	O
at	O
the	O
department	O
of	O
the	O
intensive	O
care	O
and	O
at	O
the	O
department	O
of	O
postanesthetic	O
care	O
).	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
The	O
reasons	O
of	O
inefficacy	O
of	O
many	O
analgesic	B-CHED
therapeutic	O
methods	O
are	O
multiple	O
.	O

Histopathology	O
reveals	O
surfactant	B-CHED
disruption	O
,	O
epithelial	O
perturbation	O
and	O
sepsis	B-DISO
,	O
either	O
as	O
initiating	O
factors	O
or	O
as	O
secondary	O
complications	O
,	O
which	O
in	O
turn	O
increase	O
the	O
expression	B-PROC
of	O
cytokines	O
that	O
sequester	O
and	O
activate	O
inflammatory	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
,	O
most	O
notably	O
,	O
neutrophils	B-ANAT
.	O

Together	O
these	O
events	O
orchestrate	O
the	O
principal	O
clinical	O
manifestations	O
of	O
the	O
syndrome	B-DISO
,	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
edema	I-DISO
and	O
atelectasis	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
First	O
isolation	O
of	O
rotavirus	B-SPEC
associated	O
with	O
neonatal	B-DISO
diarrhoea	I-DISO
in	O
guanacos	B-SPEC
(	O
Lama	B-SPEC
guanicoe	I-SPEC
)	O
in	O
the	O
Argentinean	O
Patagonia	O
region	O
.	O

We	O
determined	O
the	O
influence	O
of	O
trauma	O
severity	O
for	O
endothelium	B-ANAT
activation	O
/	O
injury	O
by	O
measurement	O
of	O
specific	O
endothelial	B-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
markers	O
--	O
soluble	O
E	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
selectin	I-PRGE
(	O
sES	B-PRGE
)	O
and	O
von	B-PRGE
Willebrand	I-PRGE
factor	I-PRGE
antigen	I-PRGE
(	O
vWF	B-PRGE
:	O
Ag	O
).	O

Thirty	O
six	O
severely	O
traumatized	O
patients	O
were	O
stratified	O
according	O
to	O
an	O
Injury	O
Severity	O
Score	O
(	O
ISS	B-DISO
).	O

Significant	O
correlation	O
between	O
plasma	B-ANAT
vWF	B-PRGE
:	O
Ag	O
and	O
serum	B-COMP
sES	B-PRGE
concentration	O
was	O
also	O
observed	O
(	O
Rs	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
501	O
,	O
p	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
001	O
).	O

This	O
suggests	O
that	O
IBV	B-SPEC
E	O
is	O
associated	O
with	O
the	O
Golgi	B-COMP
matrix	O
through	O
interactions	O
of	O
its	O
cytoplasmic	B-ANAT
tail	I-ANAT
and	O
may	O
have	O
interesting	O
implications	O
for	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
assembly	O
in	O
early	O
Golgi	B-COMP
compartments	B-ANAT
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Transcription	B-PROC
regulatory	O
sequences	O
and	O
mRNA	B-PROC
expression	B-PROC
levels	O
in	O
the	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
transmissible	O
gastroenteritis	O
virus	B-SPEC
.	O

The	O
relevant	O
sequences	O
contributing	O
to	O
TRS	B-DISO
activity	O
have	O
been	O
studied	O
by	O
extending	O
the	O
CS	O
5	O
'	O
upstream	O
and	O
3	O
'	O
downstream	O
.	O

As	O
the	O
E	O
and	O
M	O
proteins	B-CHED
are	O
essential	O
for	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
virion	B-COMP
budding	B-PATH
,	O
these	O
replicon	O
RNAs	O
should	O
replicate	O
but	O
not	O
result	O
in	O
the	O
production	O
of	O
infectious	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
.	O

Leader	O
-	O
containing	O
GFP	O
transcripts	O
containing	O
the	O
ORF	O
3B	O
and	O
E	O
gene	B-PROC
deletions	I-PROC
were	O
detected	O
by	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
.	O

When	O
proper	O
dialysis	B-SPEC
and	O
intensive	O
care	O
facilities	O
together	O
with	O
around	O
the	O
clock	O
dedicated	O
human	B-SPEC
effort	B-PROC
are	O
available	O
,	O
crush	O
injury	O
-	O
related	O
ARF	B-DISO
patients	O
have	O
a	O
lower	O
mortality	O
.	O

Mortality	O
,	O
when	O
it	O
occurs	O
,	O
is	O
mainly	O
associated	O
with	O
thoracic	B-DISO
and	O
abdominal	B-ANAT
trauma	O
and	O
medical	O
problems	O
such	O
as	O
DIC	B-DISO
and	O
/	O
or	O
ARDS	B-DISO
/	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
,	O
often	O
in	O
conjunction	O
with	O
sepsis	B-DISO
.	O

This	O
in	O
turn	O
will	O
allow	O
new	O
approaches	O
to	O
the	O
study	O
of	O
viral	O
and	O
cellular	B-COMP
protein	B-CHED
-	O
protein	B-CHED
interactions	O
,	O
as	O
methods	O
to	O
study	O
the	O
biology	O
and	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
of	O
MHV	B-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
at	O
a	O
cellular	B-COMP
level	O
.	O

To	O
examine	O
age	O
as	O
an	O
independent	O
risk	O
factor	O
in	O
recovery	O
and	O
intensive	O
care	O
unit	O
discharge	B-ANAT
after	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
.	O

In	O
a	O
multivariable	O
Cox	O
proportional	O
hazards	O
analysis	O
,	O
age	O
of	O
70	O
years	O
or	O
older	O
was	O
a	O
strong	O
predictor	O
of	O
in	O
-	O
hospital	O
death	B-PROC
(	O
hazard	O
ratio	O
,	O
2	O
.	O
5	O
[	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
,	O
2	O
.	O
0	O
to	O
3	O
.	O
2	O
];	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
001	O
).	O

Although	O
the	O
survival	O
rate	O
among	O
patients	O
70	O
years	O
of	O
age	O
or	O
older	O
was	O
high	O
,	O
these	O
patients	O
were	O
twice	O
as	O
likely	O
to	O
die	O
of	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
compared	O
with	O
their	O
younger	O
counterparts	O
,	O
even	O
after	O
adjustment	O
for	O
covariates	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Three	O
infectious	O
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
IBV	B-SPEC
)	O
isolates	O
,	O
CU82792	O
,	O
CU82805	O
,	O
and	O
CU82808	O
,	O
were	O
recovered	O
from	O
sentinel	O
chickens	B-SPEC
placed	O
with	O
three	O
different	O
layer	B-ANAT
flocks	O
of	O
a	O
large	O
commercial	O
poultry	O
farm	O
in	O
New	O
York	O
State	O
.	O

Flocks	O
had	O
an	O
ongoing	O
history	O
of	O
bacterial	O
-	O
complicated	O
respiratory	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
with	O
mortality	O
rates	O
as	O
high	O
as	O
28	O
%	O
in	O
spite	O
of	O
receiving	O
live	O
vaccinations	O
for	O
Massachusetts	O
and	O
Connecticut	O
strains	O
of	O
IBV	B-SPEC
.	O

Three	O
isolates	O
(	O
18	O
%)	O
were	O
similar	O
to	O
the	O
BL	O
-	O
56	O
genotype	O
,	O
a	O
unique	O
Mexican	O
IBV	B-SPEC
strain	O
observed	O
initially	O
in	O
1996	O
.	O

The	O
acute	O
and	O
severe	O
proliferation	B-DISO
of	O
lung	B-ANAT
macrophages	B-ANAT
may	O
cause	O
acute	O
respiratory	B-DISO
dysfunction	I-DISO
and	O
be	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
factors	O
inducing	O
mortality	O
in	O
infected	O
chickens	B-SPEC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
In	O
earlier	O
studies	O
in	O
our	O
laboratory	O
,	O
we	O
found	O
that	O
bovine	B-SPEC
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
BCV	B-SPEC
)	O
was	O
pathogenic	O
for	O
1	O
-	O
day	O
-	O
old	O
turkey	B-SPEC
poults	O
.	O

Both	O
the	O
one	O
-	O
step	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
and	O
the	O
nested	O
PCR	O
amplified	O
cell	B-COMP
culture	O
-	O
passaged	O
isolates	O
of	O
calf	B-ANAT
diarrhea	B-DISO
strains	O
of	O
BCV	B-SPEC
but	O
none	O
of	O
the	O
15	O
tested	O
TOCVs	O
or	O
transmissible	O
gastroenteritis	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
of	O
swine	B-SPEC
.	O

TOCVs	O
also	O
did	O
not	O
cross	O
-	O
react	O
in	O
a	O
BCV	O
antigen	B-CHED
-	O
capture	O
(	O
AC	O
)	O
enzyme	O
-	O
linked	O
immunosorbent	O
assay	O
(	O
ELISA	O
)	O
system	O
with	O
monoclonal	O
antibodies	B-COMP
(	O
MAbs	O
)	O
against	O
N	O
,	O
spike	O
glycoprotein	B-CHED
,	O
and	O
hemagglutinin	B-PRGE
esterase	I-PRGE
glycoprotein	I-PRGE
proteins	B-CHED
of	O
BCV	B-SPEC
as	O
coating	O
antibodies	B-COMP
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Mortality	O
patterns	O
associated	O
with	O
poult	O
enteritis	B-DISO
mortality	O
syndrome	B-DISO
(	O
PEMS	B-DISO
)	O
and	O
coronaviral	O
enteritis	O
in	O
turkey	B-SPEC
flocks	O
raised	O
in	O
PEMS	B-DISO
-	O
affected	O
regions	O
.	O

This	O
study	O
was	O
designed	O
to	O
establish	O
mortality	O
patterns	O
for	O
flocks	O
experiencing	O
excess	O
mortality	O
and	O
TCV	B-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
in	O
PEMS	O
-	O
affected	O
regions	O
and	O
to	O
delineate	O
the	O
possible	O
role	O
of	O
TCV	B-SPEC
in	O
PEMS	O
-	O
affected	O
flocks	O
.	O

Four	O
health	O
status	O
groups	O
were	O
evident	O
:	O
healthy	O
,	O
PEMS	O
positive	O
,	O
TCV	B-SPEC
positive	O
,	O
and	O
PEMS	O
+	O
TCV	B-SPEC
positive	O
.	O

His	O
absorbed	O
-	O
dose	O
distribution	O
throughout	O
the	O
body	B-ANAT
was	O
very	O
inhomogeneous	O
because	O
of	O
the	O
closeness	O
of	O
the	O
standing	B-PROC
point	O
to	O
the	O
mixing	O
tank	O
.	O

Restoration	O
of	O
the	O
bone	B-ANAT
marrow	I-ANAT
function	O
,	O
prevention	O
of	O
skin	B-ANAT
fibrosis	B-DISO
,	O
radiation	O
lung	B-ANAT
damage	O
,	O
and	O
repair	B-PROC
of	O
gastrointestinal	B-ANAT
mucosa	I-ANAT
,	O
and	O
final	O
recovery	O
of	O
the	O
patient	O
were	O
elusive	O
.	O

The	O
parents	O
filled	O
a	O
questionnaire	O
about	O
the	O
occurrence	O
of	O
respiratory	B-DISO
symptoms	I-DISO
four	O
weeks	O
before	O
and	O
two	O
weeks	O
after	O
the	O
surgery	O
.	O

In	O
addition	O
,	O
the	O
spleen	B-ANAT
cell	B-COMP
-	O
derived	O
supernatants	O
(	O
natural	O
IFN	B-PRGE
)	O
inhibited	O
tracheal	B-DISO
ring	I-DISO
ciliostasis	O
mediated	O
by	O
the	O
Gray	O
strain	O
of	O
IBV	O
.	O

After	O
2	O
or	O
6	O
hours	O
of	O
LPS	B-DISO
intravenous	O
administration	O
,	O
severe	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
and	O
positive	O
signals	O
of	O
NT	O
occurred	O
with	O
the	O
latter	O
located	O
in	O
the	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
macrophages	I-ANAT
,	O
endothelia	O
,	O
subendothelial	O
and	O
muscular	B-ANAT
layers	B-ANAT
of	O
the	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
artery	I-ANAT
.	O

Administration	O
of	O
exogenous	O
ONOO	O
(-)	O
caused	O
dose	O
-	O
dependent	O
increase	O
in	O
LC	O
,	O
W	O
/	O
D	O
,	O
ater	O
and	O
EB	O
contents	O
and	O
in	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
MB	O
-	O
labelled	O
blood	B-ANAT
vessels	I-ANAT
in	O
rat	B-SPEC
lungs	B-ANAT
,	O
together	O
with	O
significant	O
pathological	O
alterations	O
such	O
as	O
diffuse	O
alveolar	B-ANAT
collapse	B-DISO
,	O
capillary	B-ANAT
congestion	B-DISO
in	O
the	O
septa	O
and	O
focal	O
hemorrhage	B-DISO
.	O

There	O
is	O
consensus	O
that	O
severe	O
maternal	B-DISO
hypertension	I-DISO
(	O
blood	B-PROC
pressure	I-PROC
>	O
or	O
=	O
170	O
/	O
110	O
mmHg	O
)	O
should	O
be	O
treated	O
to	O
minimize	O
the	O
risk	O
of	O
acute	O
cerebrovascular	O
complications	O
.	O

Virus	B-SPEC
clearance	O
followed	O
similar	O
kinetics	O
in	O
all	O
mice	B-SPEC
,	O
confirming	O
initial	O
control	O
of	O
virus	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
by	O
cellular	B-PROC
immunity	I-PROC
.	O

This	O
case	O
is	O
characteristic	O
for	O
acute	O
intoxications	O
with	O
irreversible	O
acetylcholinesterase	B-PRGE
inhibitors	I-CHED
,	O
such	O
as	O
organophosphate	O
compounds	O
.	O

Ten	O
patients	O
were	O
admitted	O
to	O
Lampoon	O
Provincial	O
Hospital	O
with	O
a	O
history	O
of	O
high	O
fever	B-PROC
,	O
watery	B-DISO
diarrhea	I-DISO
,	O
severe	O
myalgia	B-DISO
and	O
ecchymosis	O
rashes	B-DISO
.	O

Blood	B-ANAT
culture	O
and	O
genetic	O
investigation	O
(	O
16	O
s	O
rRNA	B-CHED
polymerase	O
chain	O
reaction	O
with	O
restriction	O
enzyme	O
PstII	O
)	O
confirmed	O
diagnoses	O
of	O
the	O
same	O
species	B-SPEC
of	O
Streptococcus	B-SPEC
suis	I-SPEC
infections	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Comparative	O
clinical	O
and	O
immunological	O
parameters	O
in	O
convalescence	O
of	O
patients	O
with	O
icterohemorrhagic	B-DISO
leptospirosis	I-DISO
].	O

Acute	O
leptospirosis	B-DISO
period	O
was	O
characterized	O
with	O
polymorphic	O
clinical	O
picture	O
impeding	O
precise	O
diagnosis	O
and	O
threatening	O
with	O
such	O
complications	O
as	O
bacterial	O
shock	O
,	O
acute	O
renal	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
,	I-DISO
acute	I-DISO
renal	B-ANAT
-	O
hepatic	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
,	O
DIC	B-DISO
-	O
syndrome	B-DISO
,	O
respiratory	B-DISO
distress	I-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
The	O
sialate	B-CHED
-	O
4	O
-	O
O	O
-	O
acetylesterases	O
of	O
coronaviruses	O
related	O
to	O
mouse	B-DISO
hepatitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
:	O
a	O
proposal	O
to	O
reorganize	O
group	O
2	O
Coronaviridae	O
.	O

De	O
-	O
O	O
-	O
acetylation	B-PROC
of	O
the	O
glycoproteins	B-CHED
by	O
alkaline	O
treatment	O
or	O
incubation	O
with	O
the	O
viral	O
esterases	B-FUNC
resulted	O
in	O
a	O
complete	O
loss	O
of	O
recognition	O
,	O
indicating	O
a	O
specific	O
interaction	O
of	O
MHV	B-SPEC
-	O
like	O
coronaviruses	O
with	O
Neu4	B-PRGE
,	O
5Ac2	O
.	O

Combined	O
with	O
evidence	O
for	O
distinct	O
phylogenetic	O
lineages	O
of	O
group	O
2	O
coronaviruses	O
,	O
subdivision	O
into	O
subgroups	O
2a	O
(	O
MHV	B-SPEC
-	O
like	O
viruses	B-SPEC
)	O
and	O
2b	O
(	O
bovine	B-SPEC
coronavirus	B-SPEC
-	O
like	O
viruses	B-SPEC
)	O
is	O
suggested	O
.	O

No	O
respiratory	O
clinical	O
signs	O
were	O
observed	O
during	O
the	O
entire	O
experimental	O
period	O
,	O
but	O
elevated	O
rectal	O
temperatures	O
were	O
detected	O
during	O
diarrhea	B-DISO
in	O
the	O
BCV	B-SPEC
-	O
inoculated	O
calves	O
.	O

In	O
addition	O
,	O
the	O
present	O
1	O
-	O
step	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
and	O
nested	O
PCR	O
assays	O
were	O
highly	O
sensitive	O
to	O
detect	O
BCV	B-SPEC
in	O
nasal	B-ANAT
swab	O
and	O
fecal	B-ANAT
specimens	O
.	O

Therefore	O
,	O
these	O
assays	O
should	O
be	O
useful	O
to	O
diagnose	O
BCV	B-SPEC
infections	B-DISO
in	O
calves	O
and	O
adult	O
cows	B-SPEC
.	O

At	O
6	O
h	O
post	O
-	O
inoculation	O
(	O
hpi	B-DISO
),	O
the	O
mean	O
score	O
of	O
the	O
villous	O
height	O
/	O
crypt	B-ANAT
depth	O
(	O
VH	O
/	O
CD	O
)	O
ratio	O
of	O
pigs	B-SPEC
inoculated	O
with	O
the	O
Purdue	O
or	O
Miller	O
strain	O
was	O
significantly	O
less	O
than	O
that	O
of	O
pigs	B-SPEC
inoculated	O
with	O
the	O
Korean	O
strain	O
or	O
uninfected	O
control	O
pigs	B-SPEC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Interstitial	B-ANAT
lung	B-ANAT
disease	I-DISO
is	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
most	O
common	O
respiratory	O
manifestations	O
in	O
polymyositis	B-DISO
and	O
dermatomyositis	B-DISO
.	O

Moreover	O
,	O
clinical	O
presentation	O
of	O
interstitial	B-DISO
lung	B-ANAT
disease	I-DISO
can	O
be	O
dichotomized	O
,	O
according	O
to	O
patients	O
'	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
manifestations	O
,	O
into	O
:	O
1	O
)	O
both	O
acute	O
and	O
aggressive	B-DISO
lung	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
similar	O
to	O
Hamman	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
Rich	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
;	O
2	O
)	O
slowly	O
progressive	O
lung	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
;	O
and	O
3	O
)	O
an	O
asymptomatic	O
pattern	O
.	O

The	O
ideal	O
vector	O
should	O
efficiently	O
transduce	O
non	O
-	O
dividing	O
cells	B-COMP
with	O
minimal	O
toxicity	O
,	O
thus	O
endowing	O
the	O
system	O
with	O
persistent	O
transgene	O
expression	B-PROC
.	O

Mice	B-SPEC
injected	O
with	O
HD	O
-	O
TET	B-PRGE
-	O
IFN	B-PRGE
showed	O
high	O
levels	O
of	O
serum	B-COMP
mIFN	B-PRGE
(	I-PRGE
alpha	I-PRGE
)	I-PRGE
only	O
upon	O
transcriptional	B-PROC
activation	I-PROC
.	O

The	O
transgene	O
expression	B-PROC
was	O
reinducible	O
to	O
the	O
same	O
high	O
level	O
up	O
to	O
3	O
months	O
p	O
.	O
i	O
.,	O
and	O
the	O
amount	O
of	O
expressed	B-PROC
cytokine	O
could	O
be	O
regulated	O
by	O
dosing	O
doxycycline	B-CHED
.	O

Rather	O
,	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
gamma	I-PRGE
was	O
critical	O
for	O
optimal	O
activation	O
or	O
migration	O
of	O
macrophages	B-ANAT
or	O
microglia	B-ANAT
into	O
the	O
white	B-ANAT
matter	I-ANAT
in	O
the	O
context	O
of	O
CD8	B-PRGE
T	I-PRGE
cell	O
-	O
mediated	O
demyelination	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Isotype	O
-	O
specific	O
antibody	B-ANAT
-	I-ANAT
secreting	B-PROC
cells	B-COMP
in	O
systemic	O
and	O
mucosal	B-ANAT
associated	O
lymphoid	B-ANAT
tissues	I-ANAT
and	O
antibody	B-PROC
responses	I-PROC
in	O
serum	B-COMP
of	O
conventional	O
pigs	B-SPEC
inoculated	O
with	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
.	O

A	O
total	O
number	O
of	O
28	O
eleven	O
-	O
day	O
-	O
old	O
conventional	O
pigs	B-SPEC
were	O
orally	B-ANAT
inoculated	O
with	O
the	O
field	O
isolate	O
of	O
the	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
strain	O
CV	O
-	O
777	O
.	O

In	O
the	O
systemic	O
lymphoid	B-ANAT
tissues	I-ANAT
the	O
number	O
of	O
IgG	B-PRGE
and	O
IgA	B-PRGE
ASC	O
detected	O
were	O
lower	O
than	O
in	O
the	O
mucosal	B-ANAT
tissues	I-ANAT
,	O
however	O
,	O
in	O
the	O
blood	B-ANAT
,	O
presence	O
of	O
IgA	B-PRGE
ASC	I-PRGE
was	O
constantly	O
detected	O
from	O
PID	B-DISO
14	O
until	O
the	O
end	O
of	O
the	O
experiment	O
.	O

The	O
authors	O
examined	O
the	O
effects	O
of	O
infection	B-DISO
with	O
HCoV	O
on	O
ciliary	O
structure	O
and	O
function	O
in	O
healthy	O
volunteers	O
infected	O
by	O
intranasal	O
inoculation	O
with	O
HCoV	O
229E	O
.	O

Expression	B-PROC
of	O
the	O
reporter	B-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
beta	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
glucuronidase	I-PRGE
(	O
GUS	B-PRGE
)	O
(	O
2	O
-	O
8	O
microg	O
per	O
10	O
(	O
6	O
)	O
cells	B-COMP
)	O
and	O
the	O
porcine	B-SPEC
respiratory	I-SPEC
and	I-SPEC
reproductive	I-SPEC
syndrome	B-DISO
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
PRRSV	B-SPEC
)	O
ORF5	O
(	O
1	O
-	O
2	O
microg	O
per	O
10	O
(	O
6	O
)	O
cells	B-COMP
)	O
has	O
been	O
shown	O
using	O
a	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
-	O
derived	O
minigenome	O
.	O

GUS	B-PRGE
expression	B-PROC
levels	O
increased	O
about	O
eightfold	O
with	O
the	O
m	O
.	O
o	O
.	O
i	O
.	O
and	O
were	O
maintained	O
for	O
more	O
than	O
eight	O
passages	O
in	O
cell	B-COMP
culture	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Formation	B-PROC
of	O
the	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
replication	O
-	O
transcription	B-PROC
complex	O
involves	O
the	O
synthesis	B-PROC
of	O
large	O
polyprotein	O
precursors	O
that	O
are	O
extensively	O
processed	O
by	O
virus	B-SPEC
-	O
encoded	O
cysteine	B-PRGE
proteases	I-PRGE
.	O

The	O
data	O
strongly	O
suggest	O
that	O
,	O
first	O
,	O
the	O
FIPV	O
3CL	O
(	O
pro	B-CHED
)	O
catalytic	O
system	O
employs	O
His	O
(	O
41	O
)	O
and	O
Cys	B-CHED
(	O
144	O
)	O
as	O
the	O
principal	O
catalytic	O
residues	O
.	O

Surprisingly	O
,	O
some	O
of	O
the	O
Asn	B-CHED
(	O
64	O
)	O
mutants	O
even	O
exhibited	O
strongly	O
increased	O
activities	O
.	O

Similar	O
results	O
were	O
obtained	O
for	O
human	B-PRGE
coronavirus	I-PRGE
(	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
)	O
3CL	O
(	O
pro	B-CHED
)	O
mutants	O
in	O
which	O
the	O
equivalent	O
Asn	B-CHED
residue	O
(	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
3CL	O
(	O
pro	B-CHED
)	O
Asn	B-CHED
(	O
64	O
))	O
was	O
substituted	O
.	O

These	O
data	O
lead	O
us	O
to	O
conclude	O
that	O
both	O
the	O
catalytic	O
systems	O
and	O
substrate	O
-	O
binding	B-FUNC
pockets	O
of	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
main	O
proteases	O
differ	O
from	O
those	O
of	O
other	O
RNA	B-PRGE
virus	I-PRGE
3C	I-PRGE
and	I-PRGE
3C	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
like	I-PRGE
proteases	I-PRGE
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
An	O
elderly	O
patient	O
with	O
hemophagocytic	B-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
due	O
to	O
severe	O
mycoplasma	B-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
with	O
marked	O
hypercytokinemia	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
role	O
of	O
nitric	B-PRGE
oxide	I-PRGE
synthase	I-PRGE
type	O
-	O
2	O
(	O
NOS2	B-PRGE
)-	O
derived	O
nitric	B-CHED
oxide	I-CHED
(	O
NO	O
)	O
in	O
the	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
of	O
mouse	B-DISO
hepatitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
MHV	B-SPEC
)-	O
induced	O
central	B-DISO
nervous	I-DISO
system	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
was	O
examined	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
transfer	O
of	O
protective	O
genes	O
to	O
the	O
alveolar	O
epithelium	O
can	O
attenuate	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
if	O
accomplished	O
before	O
its	O
onset	O
.	O

X	O
-	O
gal	B-CHED
staining	O
72	O
h	O
postinfection	O
revealed	O
transgene	O
expression	B-PROC
in	O
all	O
segments	O
of	O
room	O
air	B-CHED
control	O
and	O
hyperoxic	O
lungs	B-ANAT
infected	O
with	O
either	O
dose	O
of	O
adbeta	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
gal	I-PRGE
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
An	O
effective	O
system	O
for	O
specific	O
prevention	O
of	O
transmissive	O
swine	O
gastroenteritis	B-DISO
(	O
TSG	O
)	O
is	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
combined	O
vaccine	O
and	O
combined	O
vaccination	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Supplemental	O
oxygen	B-CHED
therapy	O
is	O
frequently	O
used	O
in	O
the	O
treatment	O
of	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
insufficiency	I-DISO
,	O
as	O
is	O
encountered	O
in	O
premature	O
infants	O
,	O
and	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

However	O
,	O
hyperoxia	B-DISO
causes	O
lung	B-ANAT
damage	O
in	O
experimental	O
animals	B-SPEC
and	O
may	O
do	O
so	O
in	O
humans	B-SPEC
.	O

The	O
results	O
show	O
that	O
the	O
S	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
fg	I-PRGE
fusion	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
is	O
highly	O
cross	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
reactive	I-PROC
among	O
different	O
IBV	B-SPEC
serotypes	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
S	O
-	O
fg	O
ELISA	O
is	O
found	O
to	O
be	O
a	O
convenient	O
,	O
economical	O
,	O
and	O
efficient	O
method	O
for	O
antibody	B-COMP
detection	O
against	O
IBV	B-SPEC
.	O

All	O
hepatocytes	B-ANAT
in	O
BALB	O
-	O
GKO	O
mice	B-SPEC
were	O
necrotic	B-PROC
at	O
5	O
days	O
post	O
-	O
infection	B-DISO
,	O
which	O
was	O
clearly	O
distinct	O
from	O
large	O
but	O
limited	O
lesion	O
in	O
the	O
liver	B-ANAT
from	O
infected	O
B6	O
-	O
GKO	O
mice	B-SPEC
.	O

These	O
results	O
indicate	O
that	O
BALB	O
-	O
GKO	O
and	O
B6	O
-	O
GKO	O
mice	B-SPEC
clearly	O
show	O
different	O
diseases	O
following	O
MHV	B-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
,	O
although	O
wild	O
type	O
counterparts	O
of	O
both	O
mice	B-SPEC
apparently	O
showed	O
the	O
same	O
clinical	O
course	O
after	O
MHV	B-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
relative	O
risk	O
for	O
combined	O
morbidity	O
(	O
death	B-PROC
,	O
intracranial	B-DISO
hemorrhage	I-DISO
,	O
chronic	B-DISO
lung	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
)	O
was	O
increased	O
(	O
3	O
.	O
0	O
,	O
P	O
=.	O
019	O
)	O
when	O
compared	O
with	O
matched	O
control	O
infants	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
PROM20	O
infants	O
had	O
an	O
increased	O
acute	O
respiratory	B-DISO
morbidity	I-DISO
(	O
higher	O
ventilator	O
settings	O
and	O
increased	O
incidence	O
of	O
hypoxemia	O
,	O
hypercapnia	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
hypertension	I-DISO
)	O
and	O
a	O
trend	O
to	O
more	O
air	B-CHED
leaks	O
.	O

No	O
cross	O
-	O
infection	O
were	O
observed	O
from	O
community	O
-	O
acquired	O
respiratory	O
-	O
syncitial	O
virus	B-SPEC
or	O
influenza	B-DISO
-	O
infected	O
children	O
to	O
neonates	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Mucosal	B-ANAT
and	O
systemic	O
isotype	O
-	O
specific	O
antibody	B-PROC
responses	I-PROC
and	O
protection	O
in	O
conventional	O
pigs	B-SPEC
exposed	O
to	O
virulent	O
or	O
attenuated	O
porcine	O
epidemic	O
diarrhoea	O
virus	O
.	O

Only	O
a	O
small	O
response	O
was	O
detected	O
in	O
the	O
groups	O
inoculated	O
with	O
attenuated	O
PEDV	O
,	O
whereas	O
in	O
the	O
group	O
previously	O
exposed	O
to	O
the	O
virulent	O
virus	B-SPEC
on	O
PID	B-DISO
21	O
a	O
large	O
number	O
of	O
IgG	B-PRGE
and	O
IgA	B-PRGE
ASC	O
was	O
detected	O
.	O

A	O
controlled	O
-	O
challenge	O
protocol	O
was	O
developed	O
to	O
mimic	O
natural	O
infection	B-DISO
and	O
to	O
yield	O
a	O
higher	O
rate	O
of	O
mortality	O
following	O
Escherichia	B-SPEC
coli	I-SPEC
(	O
EC	O
)	O
challenge	O
.	O

These	O
results	O
indicate	O
that	O
rapid	O
growth	B-PROC
rate	O
substantially	O
reduces	O
broiler	O
viability	O
,	O
whereas	O
Ab	O
levels	O
produced	O
in	O
response	O
to	O
acute	O
pathogenic	O
challenge	O
without	O
prior	O
vaccination	O
do	O
not	O
contribute	O
to	O
disease	B-PROC
resistance	I-PROC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Indications	O
for	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
in	O
adults	O
with	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
.	O

Indications	O
for	O
IPPV	O
based	O
on	O
specific	O
threshold	O
values	O
for	O
P	O
(	O
CO2	B-CHED
)	O
and	O
pH	O
or	O
on	O
various	O
indices	O
of	O
arterial	B-ANAT
oxygenation	B-PROC
have	O
generally	O
not	O
been	O
validated	O
by	O
clinical	O
evidence	O
,	O
and	O
it	O
is	O
unlikely	O
that	O
any	O
cutoff	O
value	O
would	O
be	O
applicable	O
to	O
all	O
patients	O
or	O
all	O
categories	O
of	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
failure	O
.	O

The	O
use	O
of	O
IPPV	O
may	O
improve	O
outcomes	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
cardiogenic	B-DISO
shock	I-DISO
.	O

The	O
current	O
study	O
utilized	O
chickens	B-SPEC
to	O
examine	O
the	O
effect	O
of	O
embryonic	B-ANAT
lead	O
exposure	O
on	O
immune	O
and	O
cellular	B-COMP
responses	O
during	O
viral	O
challenge	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Recruitment	B-DISO
kinetics	O
and	O
composition	O
of	O
antibody	B-ANAT
-	I-ANAT
secreting	B-PROC
cells	B-COMP
within	O
the	O
central	B-ANAT
nervous	B-DISO
system	I-ANAT
following	O
viral	O
encephalomyelitis	O
.	O

This	O
supports	O
a	O
critical	O
role	O
of	O
humoral	B-PROC
immunity	I-PROC
in	O
regulating	O
viral	O
CNS	B-CHED
persistence	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Beneficial	O
effects	O
of	O
nitric	B-CHED
oxide	I-CHED
inhalation	B-PROC
on	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
bacterial	O
clearance	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
beneficial	O
effects	O
of	O
nitric	O
oxide	O
inhalation	B-PROC
on	O
oxygenation	B-PROC
during	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
are	O
well	O
described	O
.	O

Male	O
Sprague	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
Dawley	I-SPEC
rats	I-SPEC
.	O

Thus	O
,	O
an	O
education	O
for	O
timely	O
recognition	O
and	O
urgent	O
care	O
of	O
TRALI	B-DISO
should	O
be	O
initiated	O
.	O

Vascular	B-ANAT
immunotargeting	O
of	O
the	O
H	O
(	O
2	O
)	O
O	O
(	O
2	O
)-	O
generating	O
enzyme	O
glucose	B-PRGE
oxidase	I-PRGE
(	O
GOX	B-PRGE
)	O
to	O
the	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
endothelium	B-ANAT
causes	O
an	O
acute	O
oxidative	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
in	O
mice	B-SPEC
.(	O
1	O
)	O
In	O
the	O
present	O
study	O
we	O
compared	O
the	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
thrombosis	I-DISO
and	O
leukocyte	B-ANAT
transmigration	O
caused	O
by	O
GOX	B-ENZY
targeting	B-PROC
to	O
the	O
endothelial	B-PRGE
antigens	B-CHED
platelet	B-ANAT
-	I-PRGE
endothelial	B-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
adhesion	I-PRGE
molecule	I-PRGE
(	O
PECAM	B-PRGE
)	O
and	O
thrombomodulin	B-PRGE
(	O
TM	O
).	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
It	O
is	O
unclear	O
whether	O
respiratory	O
and	O
enteric	O
bovine	B-SPEC
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
BoCV	O
)	O
strains	O
are	O
distinctive	O
in	O
biological	O
,	O
antigenic	O
and	O
genetic	O
characteristics	O
.	O

The	O
amino	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
changes	O
were	O
distributed	O
throughout	O
the	O
S1	O
subunit	O
with	O
clustering	O
around	O
residues	O
40	O
-	O
118	O
,	O
146	O
-	O
179	O
,	O
and	O
458	O
-	O
531	O
.	O

Molecular	O
masses	O
of	O
the	O
IgE	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
binding	B-FUNC
proteins	B-CHED
and	O
cross	O
-	O
reactivity	O
among	O
the	O
P	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
acerifolia	I-SPEC
pollen	O
and	O
different	O
food	O
extracts	O
were	O
also	O
determined	O
.	O

Enzyme	O
allergosorbent	O
(	O
EAST	O
)-	O
inhibition	B-PROC
showed	O
high	O
inhibition	B-PROC
values	O
when	O
P	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
acerifolia	I-SPEC
pollen	O
extract	O
was	O
used	O
as	O
free	O
phase	O
.	O

OAS	B-DISO
in	O
these	O
patients	O
may	O
have	O
been	O
caused	O
by	O
primary	O
respiratory	O
sensitization	B-PROC
.	O

Furthermore	O
,	O
IP	O
-	O
10	O
(-/-)	O
mice	B-SPEC
infected	O
with	O
a	O
neurotropic	O
mouse	B-DISO
hepatitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
had	O
an	O
impaired	B-DISO
ability	O
to	O
control	O
viral	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
in	O
the	O
brain	B-ANAT
.	O

This	O
was	O
associated	O
with	O
decreased	O
recruitment	B-DISO
of	O
CD4	B-PRGE
(+)	O
and	O
CD8	B-PRGE
(+)	O
lymphocytes	B-ANAT
into	O
the	O
brain	B-ANAT
,	O
reduced	O
levels	O
of	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
gamma	I-PRGE
and	O
the	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
gamma	I-PRGE
-	O
induced	O
chemokines	O
monokine	B-PRGE
induced	I-PRGE
by	I-PRGE
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
gamma	I-PRGE
(	O
Mig	B-PRGE
,	O
CXCL9	B-PRGE
)	O
and	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	O
inducible	O
T	B-PRGE
cell	I-PRGE
alpha	I-PRGE
chemoattractant	I-PRGE
(	O
I	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
TAC	I-PRGE
,	O
CXCL11	B-PRGE
)	O
in	O
the	O
brain	B-ANAT
,	O
decreased	O
numbers	O
of	O
virus	B-SPEC
-	O
specific	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
gamma	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
secreting	I-PRGE
CD8	I-PRGE
(+)	O
cells	B-COMP
in	O
the	O
spleen	B-ANAT
,	O
and	O
reduced	O
levels	O
of	O
demyelination	B-DISO
in	O
the	O
CNS	B-CHED
.	O

To	O
investigate	O
membrane	B-COMP
alterations	O
and	O
to	O
characterize	O
the	O
RC	O
of	O
mouse	B-DISO
hepatitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
MHV	B-SPEC
),	O
we	O
performed	O
biochemical	O
and	O
ultrastructural	O
studies	O
using	O
MHV	B-SPEC
-	O
infected	O
cells	B-COMP
.	O

Biochemical	O
fractionation	O
showed	O
that	O
all	O
10	O
of	O
the	O
MHV	B-SPEC
gene	O
1	O
polyprotein	O
products	O
examined	O
pelleted	O
with	O
the	O
membrane	B-ANAT
fraction	I-ANAT
,	O
consistent	O
with	O
membrane	B-COMP
association	O
of	O
the	O
RC	O
.	O

The	O
ultrastructural	O
analysis	O
revealed	O
double	O
-	O
membrane	B-COMP
vesicles	B-COMP
(	O
DMVs	O
)	O
in	O
the	O
cytoplasm	B-COMP
of	O
MHV	B-SPEC
-	O
infected	O
cells	B-COMP
.	O

These	O
integral	O
membrane	B-COMP
proteins	B-CHED
assemble	O
within	O
the	O
endoplasmic	B-COMP
reticulum	I-COMP
of	O
infected	O
cells	B-COMP
and	O
are	O
subsequently	O
endoproteolyzed	O
in	O
the	O
Golgi	B-COMP
,	O
generating	O
noncovalently	O
associated	O
S1	O
and	O
S2	O
fragments	O
.	O

CEACAM	O
binding	O
did	O
indeed	O
alter	O
S1	O
conformations	O
,	O
generating	O
alternative	O
disulfide	B-CHED
linkages	O
that	O
were	O
revealed	O
on	O
SDS	B-DISO
gels	O
.	O

Optimal	O
iNO	B-PRGE
dose	O
was	O
around	O
0	O
.	O
8	O
micromol	O
/	O
L	O
as	O
higher	O
methemoglobin	B-PRGE
(	O
MetHb	O
,	O
>	O
3	O
%)	O
was	O
found	O
at	O
higher	O
NO	O
.	O

iNO	O
had	O
no	O
adverse	B-DISO
effects	I-DISO
on	O
surfactant	B-CHED
phospholipids	B-CHED
and	O
lung	B-ANAT
fluid	B-PROC
balance	I-PROC
,	O
but	O
attenuated	O
expression	B-PROC
of	O
tumor	B-PRGE
necrosis	I-PRGE
factor	I-PRGE
alpha	I-PRGE
,	O
beta2	B-PRGE
integrin	I-PRGE
CD11b	I-PRGE
,	O
and	O
interleukin	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
8	I-PRGE
mRNA	I-PRGE
in	O
the	O
lungs	B-ANAT
by	O
22	O
%,	O
44	O
%,	O
and	O
25	O
%,	O
respectively	O
(	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
).	O

The	O
aim	O
of	O
this	O
study	O
was	O
to	O
evaluate	O
the	O
outcome	O
of	O
early	O
PC	O
-	O
IRV	B-PROC
in	O
severe	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Detection	O
of	O
infectious	B-DISO
agents	O
in	O
laboratory	O
rodents	B-SPEC
:	O
traditional	O
and	O
molecular	O
techniques	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
nucleotide	B-CHED
sequences	O
of	O
the	O
coding	O
region	O
of	O
the	O
nucleocapsid	B-COMP
(	O
N	O
)	O
gene	O
of	O
12	O
mouse	B-DISO
hepatitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
MHV	B-SPEC
)	O
strains	O
recently	O
found	O
in	O
animal	B-SPEC
facilities	O
in	O
Japan	O
were	O
analyzed	O
.	O

It	O
therefore	O
seems	O
that	O
the	O
inhibitory	O
effect	O
of	O
the	O
ExPLIs	O
was	O
not	O
due	O
to	O
their	O
PLA	B-CHED
(	O
2	O
)	O
inhibiting	O
capacity	O
.	O

It	O
is	O
proposed	O
that	O
the	O
ExPLIs	O
may	O
be	O
considered	O
a	O
prototype	O
of	O
potent	O
suppressors	O
of	O
specific	O
endotoxin	O
-	O
induced	O
inflammatory	B-DISO
responses	I-DISO
,	O
with	O
potential	O
implications	O
for	O
the	O
therapy	O
of	O
subsequent	O
severe	O
inflammation	B-DISO
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
Late	O
onset	O
central	O
hypoventilation	B-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
may	O
be	O
associated	O
with	O
cerebral	B-DISO
venous	B-ANAT
thrombosis	I-DISO
.	O

Thirty	O
of	O
these	O
commercial	O
herds	O
had	O
a	O
clinical	O
history	O
of	O
TGEV	O
infection	B-DISO
and	O
a	O
positive	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
fluorescent	O
antibody	B-COMP
test	O
recorded	O
at	O
necropsy	O
within	O
the	O
last	O
35	O
months	O
,	O
while	O
70	O
herds	O
had	O
no	O
history	O
of	O
clinical	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
.	O

In	O
repeatability	O
experiments	O
,	O
the	O
ELISA	O
gave	O
consistent	O
results	O
when	O
the	O
same	O
sera	B-COMP
were	O
evaluated	O
on	O
different	O
days	O
(	O
kappa	O
0	O
.	O
889	O
)	O
and	O
when	O
sera	B-COMP
were	O
evaluated	O
before	O
and	O
after	O
heating	O
(	O
kappa	O
0	O
.	O
888	O
).	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
determine	O
the	O
optimal	O
pressure	O
of	O
sustained	O
inflation	O
(	O
SI	O
)	O
in	O
treatment	O
of	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
).	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
pathogenicity	O
of	O
25	O
strains	O
of	O
infectious	O
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
IBV	B-SPEC
)	O
isolated	O
in	O
Australia	O
between	O
1961	O
and	O
1994	O
was	O
compared	O
in	O
white	O
leghorn	O
specific	O
pathogen	O
-	O
free	O
chicks	O
.	O

The	O
IBV	B-SPEC
strains	O
identified	O
as	O
nephropathogenic	O
induced	O
clinical	O
nephritis	B-DISO
,	O
gross	O
and	O
histological	O
kidney	B-ANAT
lesions	O
,	O
and	O
mortality	O
of	O
5	O
-	O
90	O
%.	O

As	O
his	O
clinical	O
situation	O
deteriorated	O
rapidly	O
,	O
BMT	B-ENZY
was	O
performed	O
with	O
unmanipulated	O
marrow	O
stem	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
from	O
his	O
EBV	O
-	O
positive	O
HLA	B-PRGE
-	O
identical	O
sister	O
after	O
conditioning	O
with	O
dexamethasone	B-CHED
(	O
1	O
.	O
75	O
mg	O
/	O
kg	O
/	O
day	O
),	O
cyclophosphamide	B-CHED
(	O
114	O
mg	O
/	O
kg	O
)	O
and	O
etoposide	B-CHED
(	O
10	O
mg	O
/	O
kg	O
),	O
with	O
no	O
immunosuppression	B-PROC
given	O
post	O
transplant	B-ANAT
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Transfusion	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
related	I-DISO
acute	I-DISO
lung	I-DISO
injury	I-DISO
:	O
report	O
of	O
a	O
clinical	O
look	O
-	O
back	B-ANAT
investigation	O
.	O

We	O
have	O
constructed	O
a	O
mutant	B-DISO
,	O
M	O
(	O
Delta	O
)	O
2	O
,	O
containing	O
a	O
two	O
-	O
amino	O
-	O
acid	O
truncation	B-DISO
of	O
the	O
M	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
that	O
was	O
previously	O
thought	O
to	O
be	O
lethal	O
.	O

Comparison	O
of	O
cells	B-COMP
expressing	O
IBV	B-SPEC
N	O
protein	B-CHED
with	O
controls	O
indicated	O
that	O
cells	B-COMP
expressing	O
N	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
had	O
delayed	O
cellular	B-PROC
growth	B-PROC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
What	O
is	O
the	O
optimal	O
duration	O
of	O
ventilation	O
in	O
the	O
prone	O
position	O
in	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
and	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
?	O

Helminth	O
parasites	O
include	O
liver	B-SPEC
flukes	I-SPEC
(	O
Fascioloides	B-SPEC
and	O
Fasciola	B-SPEC
),	O
gastrointestinal	O
nematodes	B-SPEC
of	O
the	O
family	B-SPEC
Trichostrongylidae	I-SPEC
,	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
lungworms	B-SPEC
of	O
the	O
genus	B-SPEC
Dictyocaulus	B-SPEC
and	O
extra	O
-	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
lungworms	B-SPEC
of	O
the	O
family	B-SPEC
Protostrongylidae	B-SPEC
.	O

Three	O
patients	O
were	O
transferred	O
in	O
intensive	O
care	O
unit	O
for	O
respiratory	B-DISO
distress	I-DISO
or	O
shock	B-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

We	O
discuss	O
the	O
structural	O
basis	O
of	O
virus	B-SPEC
receptor	O
activities	O
of	O
murine	B-PRGE
CEACAM1	I-PRGE
proteins	B-CHED
,	O
binding	B-FUNC
of	O
Neisseria	B-SPEC
to	O
human	B-SPEC
CEACAM1	O
,	O
and	O
other	O
homophilic	O
and	O
heterophilic	O
interactions	O
of	O
CEA	B-PRGE
family	B-SPEC
members	I-PRGE
.	O

Occurrence	O
of	O
negative	O
middle	B-ANAT
ear	I-ANAT
pressure	O
in	O
winter	O
-	O
spring	O
colds	B-DISO
was	O
significantly	O
greater	O
than	O
in	O
fall	O
colds	B-DISO
for	O
unexplained	O
reasons	O
.	O

The	O
virus	B-SPEC
was	O
isolated	O
from	O
15	O
/	O
15	O
of	O
the	O
jejunal	B-ANAT
samples	O
from	O
the	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
-	O
inoculated	O
pigs	B-SPEC
.	O

Indications	O
for	O
operation	O
were	O
a	O
true	O
or	O
false	B-DISO
aneurysm	I-DISO
(	O
65	O
.	O
6	O
%),	O
severe	O
calcified	B-DISO
aortic	I-DISO
valve	I-DISO
stenosis	B-DISO
(	O
4	O
.	O
2	O
%)	O
or	O
severe	O
aortic	B-DISO
insufficiency	I-DISO
(	O
2	O
.	O
1	O
%)	O
with	O
dilated	O
ascending	B-ANAT
aorta	I-ANAT
,	O
acute	O
dissection	O
(	O
2	O
.	O
1	O
%),	O
or	O
combination	O
of	O
indications	O
(	O
26	O
%).	O

No	O
patient	O
died	B-PROC
of	O
flange	O
-	O
related	O
complications	O
.	O

The	O
new	O
created	O
sinuses	B-ANAT
and	O
the	O
flange	O
are	O
especially	O
helpful	O
to	O
continue	O
physiologic	O
function	O
of	O
the	O
aortic	B-ANAT
root	I-ANAT
.	O

The	O
role	O
of	O
these	O
viruses	B-SPEC
in	O
more	O
serious	O
respiratory	O
illnesses	O
resulting	O
in	O
hospitalization	O
is	O
less	O
well	O
defined	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Virus	B-SPEC
-	O
provoked	O
rhinitis	B-DISO
in	O
patients	O
who	O
have	O
allergies	B-DISO
.	O

""""	O
Viruses	B-SPEC
commonly	O
associated	O
with	O
these	O
upper	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
infections	I-DISO
(	O
URI	O
)	O
include	O
rhinoviruses	B-SPEC
(	O
RVs	O
),	O
respiratory	B-SPEC
syncytial	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
,	O
influenza	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
,	O
parainfluenza	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
,	O
corona	B-CHED
virus	B-SPEC
,	O
and	O
adenoviruses	B-SPEC
.	O

Clinical	O
observations	O
have	O
suggested	O
that	O
patients	O
with	O
allergic	B-DISO
rhinitis	I-DISO
and	O
asthma	B-PATH
experience	O
more	O
pronounced	O
symptoms	O
during	O
a	O
viral	O
URI	O
than	O
patients	O
who	O
do	O
not	O
have	O
allergies	B-DISO
and	O
who	O
are	O
infected	O
with	O
the	O
same	O
virus	B-SPEC
under	O
similar	O
circumstances	O
.	O

Many	O
patients	O
who	O
survive	O
ARDS	B-DISO
have	O
permanent	O
,	O
mild	O
to	O
moderate	O
impairment	B-DISO
of	O
lung	B-PROC
function	I-PROC
.	O

Quality	O
of	O
life	O
after	O
hospitalization	O
with	O
ARDS	B-DISO
may	O
be	O
poorer	O
than	O
that	O
in	O
similar	O
patients	O
without	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Murine	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
replication	O
-	O
induced	O
p38	B-FUNC
mitogen	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
activated	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
kinase	I-PRGE
activation	O
promotes	O
interleukin	O
-	O
6	O
production	O
and	O
virus	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
in	O
cultured	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Analyses	O
of	O
mitogen	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
activated	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
kinases	I-PRGE
(	O
MAPKs	O
)	O
in	O
a	O
mouse	B-DISO
hepatitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
MHV	B-SPEC
)-	O
infected	O
macrophage	B-ANAT
-	O
derived	O
J774	O
.	O
1	O
cell	B-ANAT
line	I-ANAT
showed	O
activation	O
of	O
two	O
MAPKs	O
,	O
p38	B-FUNC
MAPK	B-FUNC
and	O
c	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
Jun	I-PRGE
N	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
terminal	I-PRGE
kinase	I-PRGE
(	O
JNK	B-FUNC
),	O
but	O
not	O
of	O
extracellular	B-ENZY
signal	I-ENZY
-	I-ENZY
regulated	I-ENZY
kinase	I-ENZY
(	O
ERK	B-FUNC
).	O

The	O
reduced	O
MHV	B-SPEC
production	O
in	O
SB	O
203580	O
-	O
treated	O
cells	B-COMP
was	O
,	O
at	O
least	O
in	O
part	O
,	O
due	O
to	O
a	O
decrease	O
in	O
virus	B-SPEC
-	O
specific	O
protein	B-PROC
synthesis	I-PROC
and	O
virus	B-SPEC
-	O
specific	O
mRNA	B-CHED
accumulation	O
.	O

Interestingly	O
,	O
there	O
was	O
a	O
transient	O
increase	O
in	O
the	O
amount	O
of	O
phosphorylation	B-PROC
of	O
the	O
translation	B-PRGE
initiation	I-PRGE
factor	I-PRGE
4E	I-PRGE
(	O
eIF4E	B-PRGE
)	O
in	O
infected	O
cells	B-COMP
,	O
and	O
this	O
eIF4E	B-PRGE
phosphorylation	B-PROC
was	O
p38	B-PRGE
MAPK	B-FUNC
dependent	O
;	O
it	O
is	O
known	O
that	O
phosphorylated	O
eIF4E	B-PRGE
enhances	O
translation	B-PROC
rates	O
of	O
cap	B-DISO
-	O
containing	O
mRNAs	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Binding	B-FUNC
of	O
transmissible	O
gastroenteritis	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
to	O
cell	B-COMP
surface	I-COMP
sialoglycoproteins	O
.	O

(	O
i	O
)	O
Binding	B-FUNC
to	O
porcine	B-PRGE
aminopeptidase	B-ENZY
N	I-ENZY
(	O
pAPN	O
)	O
is	O
essential	O
for	O
the	O
initiation	O
of	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

(	O
ii	O
)	O
Binding	B-FUNC
to	O
sialic	B-PRGE
acid	I-PRGE
residues	I-PRGE
on	I-PRGE
glycoproteins	B-CHED
is	O
dispensable	O
for	O
the	O
infection	B-DISO
of	O
cultured	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
but	O
is	O
required	O
for	O
enteropathogenicity	O
.	O

In	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
a	O
functional	O
sialic	B-FUNC
acid	I-FUNC
binding	B-PROC
activity	I-PROC
,	O
the	O
amount	O
of	O
virus	B-SPEC
bound	O
to	O
two	O
different	O
porcine	B-SPEC
cell	B-ANAT
lines	I-ANAT
was	O
increased	O
sixfold	O
compared	O
to	O
the	O
binding	B-FUNC
of	O
the	O
mutant	B-DISO
viruses	B-SPEC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Membrane	B-ANAT
association	O
and	O
dimerization	O
of	O
a	O
cysteine	B-CHED
-	O
rich	O
,	O
16	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
kilodalton	I-PRGE
polypeptide	I-PRGE
released	O
from	O
the	O
C	O
-	O
terminal	O
region	O
of	O
the	O
coronavirus	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
1a	O
polyprotein	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
More	O
than	O
10	O
mature	O
proteins	B-CHED
processed	O
from	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
gene	O
1	O
-	O
encoded	O
polyproteins	O
have	O
been	O
identified	O
in	O
virus	B-SPEC
-	O
infected	O
cells	B-COMP
.	O

Here	O
,	O
we	O
report	O
the	O
identification	O
of	O
the	O
most	O
C	O
-	O
terminal	O
cleavage	B-PROC
product	O
of	O
the	O
1a	O
polyprotein	O
as	O
a	O
16	O
-	O
kDa	O
protein	B-CHED
in	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
-	O
infected	O
Vero	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
.	O

Furthermore	O
,	O
increased	O
accumulation	O
of	O
the	O
16	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
kDa	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
upon	O
stimulation	O
with	O
epidermal	B-FUNC
growth	B-PROC
factor	I-FUNC
was	O
observed	O
,	O
providing	O
preliminary	O
evidence	O
that	O
the	O
protein	B-CHED
might	O
be	O
involved	O
in	O
the	O
growth	B-PROC
factor	O
signaling	B-PROC
pathway	I-PROC
.	O

These	O
results	O
indicate	O
that	O
the	O
fluorogenic	O
nuclease	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
assay	O
should	O
provide	O
a	O
potentially	O
high	O
-	O
throughput	O
,	O
PCR	O
-	O
based	O
method	O
to	O
detect	O
rodent	B-SPEC
coronaviruses	O
in	O
infected	O
rodents	B-SPEC
and	O
contaminated	O
biological	O
materials	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
As	O
bolus	O
instillation	O
of	O
surfactant	B-CHED
can	O
lead	O
to	O
acute	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
,	O
hemodynamic	B-PROC
and	O
cerebral	B-ANAT
side	O
effects	O
,	O
we	O
tested	O
whether	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
mechanics	O
and	O
gas	B-ENZY
exchange	O
differ	O
between	O
slow	O
surfactant	B-CHED
infusion	O
and	O
bolus	O
administration	O
.	O

Of	O
20	O
consecutive	O
preterm	O
infants	O
(	O
27	O
-	O
35	O
weeks	O
'	O
gestation	B-PROC
)	O
with	O
severe	O
respiratory	B-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
)	O
who	O
were	O
enrolled	O
14	O
with	O
bovine	B-SPEC
surfactant	B-CHED
finally	O
were	O
analyzed	O
.	O

The	O
purpose	O
of	O
the	O
present	O
study	O
was	O
to	O
investigate	O
the	O
impact	O
of	O
bronchoscopic	O
surfactant	B-CHED
administration	O
,	O
on	O
the	O
biochemical	O
and	O
biophysical	O
surfactant	B-CHED
properties	O
,	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
and	O
early	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
and	O
septic	B-DISO
shock	I-DISO
.	O

These	O
included	O
a	O
massive	O
alveolar	B-ANAT
protein	B-CHED
load	O
,	O
a	O
reduced	O
percentage	O
of	O
large	O
surfactant	B-CHED
aggregates	O
(	O
LA	O
),	O
a	O
loss	O
of	O
palmitoylated	O
phosphatidylcholine	O
species	B-SPEC
and	O
a	O
significant	O
reduction	O
of	O
surfactant	B-CHED
apoprotein	B-CHED
(	O
SP	B-CHED
)-	O
A	O
,	O
SP	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
B	I-PRGE
and	O
SP	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
C	I-PRGE
in	O
the	O
LA	O
fraction	O
.	O

Bronchoscopic	O
administration	O
of	O
large	O
quantities	O
of	O
natural	O
bovine	B-SPEC
surfactant	B-CHED
in	O
severe	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
causes	O
far	O
-	O
reaching	B-PROC
restoration	O
of	O
biochemical	O
surfactant	B-CHED
properties	O
and	O
significant	O
improvement	O
,	O
however	O
not	O
full	O
normalization	O
,	O
of	O
biophysical	O
surfactant	B-CHED
function	O
.	O

The	O
aim	O
of	O
the	O
present	O
study	O
was	O
to	O
investigate	O
the	O
feasibility	O
and	O
efficacy	O
of	O
bronchoscopic	O
surfactant	B-CHED
administration	O
in	O
a	O
noncontrolled	O
multicentre	O
study	O
in	O
five	O
university	O
centres	O
.	O

A	O
total	O
number	O
of	O
27	O
patients	O
,	O
suffering	B-DISO
from	O
severe	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
mean	O
+/-	O
SEM	B-DISO
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
score	O
:	O
3	O
.	O
15	O
+/-	O
0	O
.	O
06	O
)	O
and	O
septic	B-DISO
shock	I-DISO
(	O
Acute	O
Physiology	O
and	O
Chronic	O
Health	O
Evaluation	O
(	O
APACHE	O
)	O
II	O
score	O
at	O
study	O
entry	O
33	O
.	O
2	O
+/-	O
1	O
.	O
3	O
,	O
lactate	B-CHED
4	O
.	O
3	O
+/-	O
0	O
.	O
6	O
mmol	O
x	O
L	O
(-	O
1	O
))	O
were	O
studied	O
.	O

Percutaneous	O
decompression	O
is	O
a	O
safe	O
and	O
effective	O
method	O
of	O
decreasing	O
IAH	B-FUNC
and	O
preventing	O
ACS	B-FUNC
in	O
patients	O
with	O
less	O
than	O
80	O
%	O
TBSA	O
thermal	O
injury	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Severe	O
laryngeal	B-ANAT
injury	O
due	O
to	O
a	O
nasogastric	B-ANAT
tube	O
].	O

Following	O
the	O
repeated	O
passage	O
of	O
these	O
mutants	O
through	O
BHK	O
-	O
R2	O
cells	B-COMP
,	O
viruses	B-SPEC
were	O
no	O
longer	O
isolated	O
from	O
srr11	O
-	O
infected	O
cells	B-COMP
,	O
while	O
two	O
distinct	O
mutants	O
,	O
srr7A	O
and	O
srr7B	O
,	O
were	O
obtained	O
from	O
srr7	O
-	O
infected	O
cells	B-COMP
.	O

Srr7A	O
and	O
srr7B	O
grew	O
2	O
log10	O
higher	O
than	O
srr7	O
and	O
induced	O
fusion	O
in	O
BHK	O
-	O
R2	O
cells	O
,	O
being	O
similar	O
to	O
wt	O
virus	B-SPEC
.	O

As	O
all	O
recombinant	O
deletion	O
mutant	O
viruses	B-SPEC
appeared	O
to	O
be	O
viable	O
,	O
we	O
conclude	O
that	O
the	O
MHV	B-SPEC
group	O
-	O
specific	O
genes	O
are	O
nonessential	O
,	O
accessory	O
genes	O
.	O

The	O
prevalence	O
of	O
FIV	B-SPEC
antibodies	B-COMP
was	O
significantly	O
higher	O
in	O
entire	O
males	O
and	O
neutered	O
males	O
than	O
in	O
females	O
,	O
in	O
cats	B-SPEC
over	O
two	O
years	O
old	O
compared	O
with	O
younger	O
cats	B-SPEC
,	O
and	O
in	O
cats	B-SPEC
suffering	B-DISO
disease	O
of	O
non	O
-	O
traumatic	O
origin	O
rather	O
than	O
in	O
healthy	O
cats	B-SPEC
or	O
cats	B-SPEC
suffering	B-DISO
only	O
from	O
trauma	O
.	O

Respiration	B-PROC
rates	O
were	O
recorded	O
hourly	O
.	O

The	O
breed	O
x	O
time	O
interaction	O
tended	O
to	O
affect	O
(	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
14	O
)	O
growth	B-FUNC
hormone	I-FUNC
and	O
influenced	O
(	O
p	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
01	O
)	O
respiration	B-PROC
rates	O
.	O

First	O
,	O
we	O
compared	O
intra	O
-	O
and	O
intermolecular	O
integrative	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
excisive	O
recombination	B-PROC
pathways	B-PROC
on	O
episomal	O
substrates	O
after	O
co	O
-	O
transfection	B-PROC
with	O
recombinase	B-PRGE
expression	B-PROC
vectors	O
.	O

This	O
basic	O
activity	O
was	O
stimulated	O
several	O
-	O
fold	O
when	O
arm	B-ANAT
-	O
type	O
DNA	O
sequences	O
were	O
present	O
in	O
addition	O
to	O
core	O
sites	O
.	O

It	O
also	O
provides	O
a	O
potential	O
means	O
to	O
control	O
site	O
-	O
specific	O
recombination	B-PROC
in	O
eukaryotic	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
.	O

The	O
clinical	O
course	O
in	O
the	O
perioperative	O
period	O
was	O
satisfactory	O
and	O
the	O
bladder	B-ANAT
balloon	O
catheter	O
was	O
removed	O
on	O
the	O
seventh	O
hospital	O
day	O
.	O

Chest	B-ANAT
X	O
-	O
ray	B-SPEC
showed	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

Blood	B-PROC
coagulation	I-PROC
data	O
showed	O
pre	O
-	O
disseminated	O
intravascular	O
coagulation	O
.	O

Emergent	O
left	O
orchiectomy	O
was	O
performed	O
under	O
local	B-PROC
anesthesia	I-PROC
on	O
the	O
twelfth	O
hospital	O
day	O
.	O

Highest	O
mean	O
(	O
SD	O
)	O
SNAP	B-FUNC
scores	O
occurred	O
in	O
infants	O
ventilated	O
for	O
meconium	B-DISO
aspiration	I-DISO
(	O
18	O
(	O
9	O
)),	O
and	O
perinatal	O
asphyxia	O
(	O
17	O
(	O
9	O
)),	O
compared	O
with	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
hypertension	I-DISO
(	O
14	O
(	O
6	O
))	O
and	O
respiratory	B-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
13	O
(	O
5	O
)).	O

Formalin	B-CHED
-	O
fixed	B-ANAT
intestinal	B-ANAT
tissues	B-ANAT
were	O
examined	O
by	O
light	O
and	O
electron	O
microscopy	O
for	O
attaching	O
and	O
effacing	O
(	O
AE	O
)	O
lesions	O
characteristic	O
of	O
EPEC	O
,	O
and	O
frozen	O
(-	O
75	O
C	O
)	O
intestinal	B-ANAT
contents	I-ANAT
were	O
examined	O
for	O
presence	O
of	O
EPEC	O
.	O

AE	O
lesions	O
were	O
identified	O
by	O
light	O
microscopy	O
in	O
Giemsa	O
-	O
stained	O
intestines	B-ANAT
from	O
7	O
of	O
12	O
PEMS	O
-	O
affected	O
turkey	B-SPEC
flocks	O
.	O

These	O
findings	O
provide	O
additional	O
evidence	O
suggesting	O
a	O
possible	O
role	O
for	O
EPEC	O
in	O
the	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
of	O
PEMS	O
.	O

Antibodies	B-COMP
to	O
BCV	B-SPEC
or	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
were	O
not	O
reactive	O
with	O
any	O
of	O
the	O
TCV	B-SPEC
isolates	O
.	O

The	O
first	O
case	O
occurred	O
in	O
an	O
81	O
-	O
year	O
-	O
old	O
ASA	B-CHED
II	O
woman	O
scheduled	O
for	O
emergency	B-DISO
abdominal	B-ANAT
surgery	O
.	O

Severe	O
haemodynamic	B-DISO
instability	I-DISO
and	O
bronchospasm	B-DISO
occurred	O
after	O
rocuronium	B-CHED
.	O

We	O
present	O
data	O
from	O
three	O
adolescents	O
with	O
severe	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
who	O
received	O
HFO	O
with	O
the	O
Sensormedics	O
3100B	O
oscillator	O
after	O
failure	O
of	O
conventional	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
.	O

First	O
evidence	O
for	O
the	O
role	O
of	O
early	B-PRGE
cytokines	I-PRGE
in	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
in	O
swine	B-SPEC
came	O
from	O
experimental	O
infections	B-DISO
with	O
Mycoplasma	B-SPEC
hyopneumoniae	I-SPEC
and	O
Actinobacillus	B-SPEC
pleuropneumoniae	I-SPEC
.	O

In	O
comparison	O
with	O
the	O
respective	O
single	O
inoculations	O
,	O
which	O
were	O
subclinical	O
,	O
there	O
was	O
a	O
true	O
potentiation	O
of	O
disease	O
and	O
production	O
of	O
TNF	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
alpha	I-PRGE
,	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
1	I-FUNC
and	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
6	I-FUNC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
A	O
case	O
of	O
lung	B-ANAT
transplantation	O
following	O
Mycoplasma	B-SPEC
pneumoniae	I-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
.	O

Due	O
to	O
persistent	O
respiratory	O
insufficiency	O
and	O
long	O
-	O
term	O
failure	O
to	O
wean	B-PROC
the	O
patient	O
from	O
a	O
respirator	O
,	O
a	O
lung	B-ANAT
transplantation	O
was	O
performed	O
.	O

Clostridium	B-SPEC
perfringens	I-SPEC
epsilon	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
toxin	I-PRGE
could	O
possibly	O
be	O
aerosolized	O
to	O
produce	O
acute	B-DISO
pulmonary	I-DISO
edema	I-DISO
.	O

The	O
growth	B-PROC
rate	O
of	O
birds	B-SPEC
that	O
received	O
0	O
.	O
5	O
%	O
arginine	B-CHED
was	O
significantly	O
lower	O
than	O
that	O
of	O
birds	B-SPEC
receiving	O
1	O
.	O
0	O
or	O
3	O
.	O
0	O
%	O
arginine	O
,	O
whereas	O
the	O
growth	B-PROC
of	O
the	O
latter	O
groups	O
did	O
not	O
differ	O
.	O

It	O
is	O
defined	O
as	O
chronic	O
alveolar	B-DISO
hypoventilation	I-DISO
(	O
PaO	B-PROC
(	O
2	O
)<	O
70	O
mmHg	O
,	O
PaCO	O
(	O
2	O
)	O
>	O
45	O
mmHg	O
)	O
in	O
obese	B-DISO
patient	O
with	O
a	O
body	B-ANAT
mass	O
index	O
>	O
30	O
kg	O
/	O
m	O
(	O
2	O
)	O
who	O
have	O
no	O
other	O
respiratory	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
explaining	O
the	O
gas	B-ENZY
anomalies	O
.	O

Obesity	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
hypoventilation	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
must	O
be	O
distinguished	O
from	O
obstructive	B-DISO
sleep	I-DISO
apnea	I-DISO
,	O
although	O
the	O
two	O
conditions	O
are	O
often	O
associated	O
.	O

Mean	O
daily	O
rectal	O
temperature	O
and	O
heart	B-ANAT
rate	O
were	O
not	O
affected	O
by	O
dietary	O
treatment	O
.	O

Average	O
packed	O
cell	B-COMP
volume	O
was	O
higher	O
in	O
treated	O
calves	O
than	O
in	O
control	O
(	O
35	O
.	O
0	O
and	O
27	O
.	O
0	O
%).	O

Control	O
calves	O
tended	O
to	O
have	O
a	O
greater	O
average	O
respiration	B-PROC
rate	O
compared	O
with	O
treated	O
(	O
28	O
.	O
7	O
vs	O
.	O
26	O
.	O
8	O
breaths	O
/	O
min	O
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Specific	O
mucosal	B-ANAT
IgA	B-PRGE
immunity	B-PROC
in	O
turkey	B-SPEC
poults	O
infected	O
with	O
turkey	B-SPEC
coronavirus	B-SPEC
.	O

Turkey	B-SPEC
poults	O
were	O
orally	B-ANAT
inoculated	O
with	O
TCV	B-SPEC
at	O
10	O
days	O
of	O
age	O
.	O

The	O
kinetics	O
of	O
virus	B-SPEC
-	O
specific	O
IgA	B-COMP
antibody	I-COMP
responses	O
in	O
duodenum	B-ANAT
,	O
jejunum	B-ANAT
,	O
and	O
ileum	B-ANAT
were	O
similar	O
:	O
gradually	O
increased	O
from	O
1	O
week	O
PI	O
,	O
reached	O
the	O
peak	O
at	O
3	O
or	O
4	O
weeks	O
PI	O
,	O
and	O
declined	O
afterward	O
.	O

Ten	O
calves	O
were	O
inoculated	O
intranasally	O
with	O
BVDV	B-SPEC
Type	O
1	O
.	O

All	O
calves	O
,	O
including	O
the	O
controls	O
,	O
showed	O
at	O
least	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
following	O
clinical	O
signs	O
during	O
days	O
3	O
-	O
15	O
after	O
the	O
trial	O
started	O
:	O
fever	B-PROC
(>	O
or	O
=	O
40	O
degrees	O
C	O
),	O
depressed	O
general	O
condition	B-DISO
,	O
diarrhoea	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
cough	B-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Today	O
ARDS	B-DISO
is	O
more	O
frequently	O
recognized	O
and	O
managed	O
in	O
tropical	O
countries	O
,	O
although	O
published	O
data	O
from	O
most	O
locations	O
is	O
meager	O
.	O

Additionally	O
,	O
tropical	O
infections	B-DISO
and	O
other	O
disorders	O
are	O
seen	O
far	O
more	O
commonly	O
.	O

Both	O
of	O
these	O
illnesses	O
give	O
lead	O
to	O
severe	O
forms	O
of	O
disease	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
falciparum	B-DISO
malaria	I-DISO
,	O
acute	O
miliary	B-DISO
TB	I-DISO
or	O
TB	O
bronchopneumonia	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
may	O
cause	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

With	O
proper	O
management	O
,	O
most	O
patients	O
recover	B-PROC
fully	O
within	O
six	O
hours	O
.	O

Here	O
,	O
the	O
crystal	B-ANAT
structure	O
of	O
the	O
33	O
.	O
1	O
kDa	O
transmissible	O
gastroenteritis	B-DISO
(	O
corona	B-CHED
)	O
virus	B-SPEC
M	O
(	O
pro	B-CHED
)	O
is	O
reported	O
.	O

Severe	O
dyspnea	B-DISO
developed	O
after	O
the	O
bronchofiberscopy	O
,	O
when	O
the	O
chest	B-ANAT
radiograph	O
revealed	O
bilateral	O
ground	O
-	O
glass	O
shadows	O
and	O
the	O
oxygen	B-CHED
saturation	O
in	O
the	O
room	O
air	B-CHED
fell	O
to	O
60	O
%.	O

It	O
was	O
suspected	O
that	O
the	O
patient	O
had	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
,	O
so	O
that	O
methylprednisolone	B-CHED
was	O
given	O
intravenously	O
at	O
a	O
dose	O
of	O
250	O
mg	O
daily	O
for	O
3	O
days	O
,	O
which	O
resulted	O
in	O
a	O
reduction	O
in	O
ground	O
glass	O
shadows	O
and	O
an	O
improvement	O
in	O
oxygen	B-CHED
saturation	O
.	O

We	O
diagnosed	O
miliary	B-DISO
tuberculosis	I-DISO
because	O
the	O
transbronchial	O
lung	B-ANAT
biopsy	B-ANAT
specimen	I-ANAT
showed	O
caseous	O
granuloma	B-DISO
and	O
the	O
PCR	O
test	O
for	O
Mycobacterium	B-SPEC
tuberculosis	I-SPEC
in	O
the	O
bronchoalveolar	B-ANAT
lavage	I-ANAT
fluid	I-ANAT
was	O
positive	O
.	O

Increased	O
induction	O
of	O
MMP	B-PRGE
,	O
TIMP	B-PRGE
,	O
and	O
chemokine	O
expression	B-PROC
correlated	O
with	O
increased	O
virus	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
but	O
not	O
with	O
inflammatory	B-DISO
cell	I-DISO
infiltration	I-DISO
.	O

These	O
data	O
indicate	O
an	O
association	O
between	O
the	O
magnitude	O
of	O
inflammatory	O
gene	O
expression	O
within	O
the	O
CNS	B-CHED
and	O
viral	O
virulence	B-PROC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Assessment	O
of	O
static	O
isolator	O
cages	O
with	O
automatic	O
watering	O
when	O
used	O
with	O
conventional	O
husbandry	O
techniques	O
as	O
a	O
factor	O
in	O
the	O
transmission	O
of	O
mouse	B-DISO
hepatitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
.	O

More	O
than	O
50	O
%	O
of	O
the	O
mice	B-SPEC
were	O
breeding	B-PROC
mice	B-SPEC
,	O
and	O
30	O
%	O
were	O
genetically	O
altered	O
.	O

One	O
cage	O
of	O
mice	B-SPEC
on	O
each	O
shelf	O
on	O
both	O
sides	O
of	O
the	O
rack	O
was	O
infected	O
with	O
MHV	B-SPEC
-	O
A59	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
A	O
randomized	O
phase	O
II	O
trial	O
of	O
granulocyte	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
macrophage	B-ANAT
colony	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
stimulating	I-PRGE
factor	I-PRGE
therapy	O
in	O
severe	B-DISO
sepsis	I-DISO
with	O
respiratory	B-DISO
dysfunction	I-DISO
.	O

We	O
investigated	O
whether	O
GM	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CSF	I-PRGE
therapy	O
improved	O
clinically	O
diagnosed	O
severe	B-DISO
sepsis	I-DISO
and	O
respiratory	B-DISO
dysfunction	I-DISO
in	O
critically	B-DISO
ill	I-DISO
patients	O
.	O

GM	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CSF	I-PRGE
-	O
treated	O
patients	O
showed	O
improvement	O
in	O
Pa	O
(	O
O	O
(	O
2	O
))/	O
FI	O
(	O
O	O
(	O
2	O
))	O
over	O
5	O
days	O
(	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
02	O
)	O
and	O
increased	O
peripheral	O
blood	B-ANAT
neutrophils	I-ANAT
(	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
08	O
),	O
whereas	O
alveolar	B-ANAT
neutrophils	B-ANAT
decreased	O
(	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
02	O
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Management	O
of	O
the	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Significant	O
advances	O
have	O
occurred	O
in	O
the	O
knowledge	O
of	O
the	O
pathogenesis	O
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

Alternative	O
modes	O
of	O
supporting	O
gas	B-ENZY
exchange	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
with	O
partial	O
liquid	O
ventilation	O
and	O
extracorporeal	O
gas	B-ENZY
-	O
exchange	O
,	O
may	O
serve	O
as	O
rescue	O
therapies	O
.	O

Advances	O
in	O
cell	B-COMP
and	O
molecular	O
biology	O
have	O
contributed	O
to	O
a	O
better	O
understanding	O
of	O
the	O
role	O
of	O
inflammatory	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
and	O
mediators	O
that	O
contribute	O
to	O
the	O
acute	O
lung	O
injury	O
and	O
the	O
pathophysiology	O
of	O
the	O
syndrome	B-DISO
that	O
manifests	O
as	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

A	O
15	O
-	O
year	O
-	O
old	O
girl	O
presented	O
with	O
upper	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
tract	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
,	O
fever	B-PROC
,	O
seizures	B-DISO
and	O
abdominal	B-DISO
pain	I-DISO
.	O

The	O
percentage	O
of	O
PBMC	O
MIF	O
expression	B-PROC
was	O
higher	O
in	O
ARDS	B-DISO
patients	O
than	O
in	O
normal	O
controls	O
(	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
01	O
).	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
There	O
is	O
a	O
potential	O
role	O
for	O
a	O
combined	O
therapy	O
with	O
inhaled	B-PROC
nitric	B-CHED
oxide	I-CHED
and	O
surfactant	B-CHED
replacement	O
in	O
reperfusion	O
injury	O
after	O
lung	B-ANAT
transplantation	O
.	O

This	O
possibility	O
was	O
examined	O
in	O
mice	B-SPEC
infected	O
with	O
mouse	B-DISO
hepatitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
,	O
a	O
well	O
-	O
described	O
model	O
of	O
virus	B-SPEC
-	O
induced	O
demyelination	B-DISO
.	O

These	O
findings	O
demonstrate	O
a	O
novel	O
mechanism	O
for	O
immune	O
-	O
mediated	O
neuropathology	O
and	O
show	O
that	O
activated	O
CD8	B-PRGE
T	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
may	O
serve	O
as	O
important	O
mediators	O
of	O
bystander	O
demyelination	B-DISO
during	O
times	O
of	O
infection	B-DISO
,	O
including	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
multiple	B-DISO
sclerosis	I-DISO
.	O

He	O
was	O
treated	O
with	O
positive	O
pressure	O
ventilation	O
,	O
beta	B-CHED
-	I-CHED
adrenergic	I-CHED
agonists	I-CHED
,	O
and	O
corticosteroids	B-CHED
.	O

Recent	O
evidence	O
suggests	O
that	O
progressive	O
ARDS	B-DISO
is	O
closely	O
linked	O
to	O
activation	O
of	O
inflammation	B-DISO
and	O
coagulation	B-PROC
.	O

All	O
samples	O
ELISA	O
positive	O
for	O
BCV	B-SPEC
were	O
matched	O
with	O
an	O
equal	O
number	O
of	O
BCV	B-SPEC
ELISA	O
-	O
negative	O
samples	O
and	O
analyzed	O
by	O
reverse	B-PROC
transcription	I-PROC
-	O
polymerase	O
chain	O
reaction	O
(	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
)	O
of	O
the	O
N	B-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
.	O

Paired	O
sera	B-COMP
were	O
collected	O
at	O
arrival	O
and	O
21	O
DPA	B-CHED
and	O
tested	O
for	O
antibodies	B-COMP
to	O
BCV	B-SPEC
using	O
an	O
indirect	O
ELISA	O
.	O

The	O
peak	O
of	O
BCV	B-SPEC
nasal	B-ANAT
and	O
fecal	B-ANAT
shedding	O
occurred	O
at	O
4	O
DPA	B-CHED
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
investigate	O
prevalence	O
and	O
spatial	O
distribution	O
of	O
air	B-CHED
cysts	B-DISO
and	O
bronchiectasis	B-DISO
associated	O
with	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

Severity	O
of	O
changes	O
revealed	O
by	O
computed	O
tomographic	O
imaging	O
seems	O
to	O
be	O
associated	O
mainly	O
with	O
the	O
high	O
inspiratory	B-PROC
pressures	O
required	O
and	O
the	O
length	O
of	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
.	O

Vasopressin	B-PRGE
(	O
0	O
.	O
04	O
units	O
/	O
min	O
)	O
was	O
administered	O
through	O
a	O
peripheral	O
venous	B-ANAT
catheter	O
for	O
hypotension	O
unresponsive	O
to	O
exogenous	O
catecholamines	B-CHED
.	O

It	O
can	O
cause	O
life	O
-	O
threatening	O
morbidities	O
,	O
including	O
cardiac	B-DISO
arrhythmia	I-DISO
and	O
ischemia	B-DISO
,	O
hypertension	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
respiratory	B-DISO
arrest	I-DISO
,	O
and	O
even	O
death	B-PROC
.	O

The	O
role	O
of	O
granulocyte	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
macrophage	B-ANAT
colony	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
stimulating	I-PRGE
factor	I-PRGE
(	O
GM	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CSF	I-PRGE
)	O
in	O
mediating	O
the	O
ALI	O
associated	O
with	O
secretagogue	O
-	O
induced	O
experimental	O
pancreatitis	B-DISO
was	O
evaluated	O
with	O
GM	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CSF	I-PRGE
knockout	O
mice	B-SPEC
(	O
GM	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CSF	I-PRGE
-/-).	O

The	O
immune	B-PROC
response	I-PROC
to	O
S	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
was	O
barely	O
detectable	O
in	O
naturally	O
infected	O
dogs	B-SPEC
,	O
whereas	O
anti	O
-	O
M	O
and	O
anti	O
-	O
N	O
antibodies	B-COMP
were	O
detected	O
with	O
a	O
very	O
strong	O
reaction	O
and	O
for	O
a	O
long	O
time	O
post	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
The	O
effects	O
of	O
inhalation	B-PROC
of	O
a	O
novel	O
nitric	B-CHED
oxide	I-CHED
donor	I-CHED
,	O
DETA	O
/	O
NO	O
,	O
in	O
a	O
patient	O
with	O
severe	O
hypoxaemia	O
due	O
to	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
distress	O
syndrome	O
.	O

External	O
PEEP	B-CHED
was	O
adjusted	O
to	O
keep	O
the	O
total	O
PEEP	B-CHED
and	O
the	O
plateau	O
pressure	O
constant	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Increase	O
in	O
respiratory	O
rate	O
resulted	O
in	O
significantly	O
higher	O
PEEPi	O
(	O
1	O
.	O
3	O
+/-	O
0	O
.	O
4	O
versus	O
3	O
.	O
9	O
+/-	O
1	O
.	O
1	O
cmH	B-DISO
(	O
2	O
)	O
O	O
,	O
p	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
01	O
)	O
and	O
trapped	O
volume	O
(	O
70	O
+/-	O
43	O
versus	O
244	O
+/-	O
127	O
ml	O
,	O
p	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
01	O
).	O

Long	O
-	O
distance	O
interhospital	O
ground	O
transfer	O
of	O
even	O
critically	B-DISO
ill	I-DISO
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
unstable	O
respiratory	O
and	O
circulatory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
is	O
safe	O
if	O
a	O
dedicated	O
transport	B-PROC
team	O
and	O
a	O
specially	O
equipped	O
transport	B-PROC
vehicle	O
are	O
used	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Because	O
of	O
its	O
high	O
diffusing	O
capacity	O
through	O
the	O
alveolar	O
-	O
blood	B-ANAT
barrier	O
and	O
its	O
high	O
selectivity	O
for	O
the	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
vasculature	I-ANAT
,	O
inhaled	B-PROC
nitric	B-CHED
oxide	I-CHED
(	O
NO	O
)	O
has	O
been	O
recently	O
shown	O
to	O
be	O
a	O
viable	O
and	O
efficient	O
approach	O
to	O
restore	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
NO	O
deficiency	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Hypercapnic	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
and	O
partial	O
upper	B-DISO
airway	I-DISO
obstruction	I-DISO
during	O
high	O
frequency	O
oscillatory	O
ventilation	O
in	O
an	O
adult	O
burn	O
patient	O
.	O

A	O
6	O
.	O
0	O
-	O
mm	O
nasotracheal	O
tube	O
was	O
inserted	O
into	O
the	O
supraglottic	O
hypopharynx	B-ANAT
to	O
palliate	O
presumed	O
expiratory	B-PROC
upper	B-DISO
airway	I-DISO
obstruction	I-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Adult	B-DISO
onset	I-DISO
Still	I-DISO
'	I-DISO
s	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
as	O
a	O
cause	O
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
and	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
.	O

The	O
patient	O
had	O
a	O
markedly	O
elevated	O
serum	B-PRGE
ferritin	I-PRGE
concentration	O
of	O
7880	O
micrograms	O
/	O
L	O
,	O
a	O
specific	O
finding	O
for	O
the	O
adult	B-DISO
onset	I-DISO
Still	I-DISO
'	I-DISO
s	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
(	O
AOSD	O
).	O

Sequencing	O
of	O
various	O
regions	O
of	O
the	O
spike	O
and	O
polymerase	O
genes	O
confirms	O
that	O
UWSMN	O
-	O
1	O
is	O
widely	O
divergent	O
from	O
other	O
CCV	B-DISO
and	O
feline	B-SPEC
coronavirus	B-SPEC
strains	O
.	O

The	O
IN	O
and	O
HAI	O
antibody	B-PROC
responses	I-PROC
against	O
the	O
two	O
EBCV	O
strains	O
did	O
not	O
differ	O
significantly	O
,	O
but	O
the	O
lowest	O
titers	O
were	O
detected	O
with	O
EBCV	O
strain	O
L9	O
-	O
81	O
.	O

Major	O
amino	O
acid	O
changes	O
involved	O
insertion	O
of	O
two	O
stretches	B-DISO
(	O
aa118	O
-	O
119	O
:	O
Arg	B-CHED
-	O
Ser	B-COMP
and	O
aa141	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
145	I-PRGE
:	O
Sys	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
Ser	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
Asn	B-CHED
-	I-PRGE
Ala	B-CHED
-	I-PRGE
Ser	B-COMP
-	I-PRGE
Cys	B-CHED
)	O
located	O
at	O
N	O
-	O
terrminal	O
and	O
C	O
-	O
terminal	O
regions	O
of	O
HVR	O
-	O
2	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Transfusion	O
-	O
related	O
acute	O
lung	O
injury	O
(	O
TRALI	B-DISO
)	O
has	O
been	O
implicated	O
with	O
use	O
of	O
almost	O
all	O
types	O
of	O
blood	B-ANAT
products	O
that	O
contain	O
variable	O
amounts	O
of	O
plasma	B-ANAT
.	O

Diagnosing	O
TRALI	B-DISO
has	O
implications	O
not	O
only	O
for	O
the	O
plasma	B-ANAT
exchange	O
recipient	O
,	O
but	O
also	O
for	O
the	O
management	O
of	O
donors	O
found	O
to	O
have	O
leukocyte	B-ANAT
antibodies	B-COMP
.	O

In	O
conclusion	O
,	O
sialodacryoadenitis	O
virus	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
in	O
rats	B-SPEC
was	O
associated	O
with	O
increased	O
frequency	O
of	O
hepatic	B-ANAT
mtDNA	B-COMP
deletions	O
.	O

The	O
major	O
delayed	O
diagnoses	O
included	O
pneumothorax	B-DISO
hematopneumothorax	O
,	O
intraperitoneal	O
organ	B-ANAT
injury	O
,	O
and	O
fracture	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Seventy	O
-	O
six	O
cases	O
survived	O
and	O
twelve	O
cases	O
died	B-PROC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
optimal	O
treatment	O
for	O
the	O
hematological	O
toxicity	O
of	O
acute	O
radiation	O
syndrome	O
(	O
ARS	O
)	O
is	O
not	O
fully	O
established	O
,	O
especially	O
in	O
cases	O
of	O
high	O
-	O
dose	O
nonuniform	O
irradiation	O
by	O
mixed	O
neutrons	O
and	O
gamma	O
-	O
rays	B-SPEC
,	O
because	O
estimation	O
of	O
the	O
irradiation	O
dose	O
(	O
dosimetry	O
)	O
and	O
prediction	O
of	O
autologous	O
hematological	O
recovery	O
are	O
complicated	O
.	O

Donor	B-CHED
/	O
recipient	O
mixed	O
chimerism	O
was	O
attained	O
;	O
thereafter	O
rapid	O
autologous	O
hematopoietic	O
recovery	O
was	O
achieved	O
in	O
concordance	O
with	O
the	O
termination	O
of	O
immunosuppressants	O
.	O

Endogenous	O
immunoglobulin	B-PROC
production	I-PROC
was	O
also	O
suppressed	O
until	O
120	O
days	O
after	O
the	O
accident	O
.	O

These	O
results	O
suggest	O
that	O
fast	B-FUNC
neutrons	O
in	O
doses	O
higher	O
than	O
8	O
to	O
10	O
Gy	O
cause	O
complete	O
abrogation	O
of	O
the	O
human	B-SPEC
immune	B-ANAT
system	I-ANAT
,	O
which	O
may	O
lead	O
to	O
fatal	O
outcome	O
even	O
if	O
autologous	O
hematopoiesis	B-PROC
recovers	O
.	O

The	O
patient	O
died	B-PROC
nine	O
months	O
later	O
due	O
to	O
respiratory	B-DISO
complications	I-DISO
.	O

We	O
hypothesized	O
that	O
alveolar	B-ANAT
macrophage	I-ANAT
(	O
AMPhi	O
)	O
chemokine	O
and	O
cytokine	O
release	B-PATH
after	O
hemorrhage	B-DISO
and	O
sepsis	B-DISO
is	O
regulated	O
by	O
NF	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
kappaB	I-PRGE
and	O
MAPK	B-FUNC
.	O

Activation	B-PROC
of	I-PROC
NF	I-PROC
-	I-PROC
kappaB	I-PROC
increased	O
in	O
lungs	B-ANAT
from	O
the	O
hemorrhage	B-DISO
and	O
CLP	O
group	O
compared	O
with	O
shams	O
.	O

The	O
remaining	O
cases	O
were	O
not	O
associated	O
with	O
any	O
other	O
condition	B-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
nucleoprotein	O
(	O
NP	O
)	O
of	O
Newcastle	B-SPEC
disease	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
NDV	B-SPEC
)	O
functions	O
primarily	O
to	O
encapsidate	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
genome	O
for	O
the	O
purpose	O
of	O
RNA	O
transcription	B-PROC
,	O
replication	O
,	O
and	O
packaging	O
.	O

In	O
addition	O
,	O
a	O
B	B-ANAT
-	I-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
epitope	B-CHED
of	O
the	O
S2	B-PRGE
glycoprotein	I-PRGE
of	O
murine	B-DISO
hepatitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
MHV	B-SPEC
)	O
was	O
inserted	O
in	O
-	O
frame	O
to	O
replace	O
the	O
NP	O
-	O
IDE	B-CHED
.	O

Recombinant	O
viruses	B-SPEC
properly	O
expressing	O
the	O
introduced	O
MHV	O
epitope	B-CHED
were	O
successfully	O
generated	O
,	O
demonstrating	O
that	O
the	O
NP	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
IDE	I-PRGE
not	O
only	O
is	O
dispensable	O
for	O
virus	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
but	O
also	O
can	O
be	O
replaced	O
by	O
foreign	O
sequences	O
.	O

The	O
combination	O
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
and	O
severe	O
brain	B-ANAT
injury	O
needs	O
special	O
treatment	O
,	O
which	O
includes	O
extensive	O
monitoring	O
techniques	O
to	O
find	O
a	O
solution	O
for	O
therapeutic	O
conflicts	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
In	O
situ	O
hybridization	B-PROC
and	O
immunohistochemistry	O
were	O
utilized	O
to	O
identify	O
tissues	B-ANAT
infected	O
in	O
ovo	B-SPEC
with	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
IBV	B-SPEC
).	O

At	O
24	O
,	O
48	O
,	O
72	O
,	O
and	O
120	O
hr	O
postinfection	O
(	O
HPI	B-DISO
),	O
bursa	B-SPEC
,	O
lung	B-ANAT
,	O
spleen	B-ANAT
,	O
heart	B-ANAT
,	O
and	O
thymus	B-SPEC
were	O
collected	O
,	O
fixed	B-ANAT
in	O
10	O
%	O
neutral	O
buffered	O
formalin	B-CHED
,	O
and	O
paraffin	O
embedded	O
.	O

These	O
results	O
indicate	O
that	O
in	O
situ	O
hybridization	B-PROC
can	O
be	O
useful	O
in	O
detection	O
of	O
IBV	B-SPEC
-	O
infected	O
chickens	B-SPEC
and	O
in	O
understanding	O
the	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
and	O
virulence	B-PROC
of	O
IBV	B-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Tissue	B-ANAT
distribution	O
of	O
avian	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
bronchitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
following	O
in	O
ovo	B-SPEC
inoculation	O
of	O
chicken	B-SPEC
embryos	B-ANAT
examined	O
by	O
in	O
situ	O
hybridization	B-PROC
with	O
antisense	O
digoxigenin	B-CHED
-	O
labeled	O
universal	O
riboprobe	O
.	O

The	O
results	O
demonstrated	O
strict	O
epitheliotropic	O
nature	O
and	O
wide	O
tissue	B-PROC
tropism	B-PROC
of	O
strains	O
of	O
IBV	B-SPEC
in	O
the	O
chicken	B-SPEC
embryo	B-ANAT
and	O
the	O
universality	O
of	O
our	O
riboprobe	O
.	O

Neutrophil	B-ANAT
activity	O
was	O
assessed	O
by	O
18FDG	O
uptake	O
.	O

Neutrophils	B-ANAT
were	O
counted	O
in	O
histologic	O
sections	O
of	O
saline	O
-	O
perfused	O
lungs	B-ANAT
.	O

The	O
aim	O
of	O
this	O
study	O
was	O
to	O
develop	O
a	O
standardized	O
and	O
reproducible	O
model	O
of	O
hyperdynamic	O
sepsis	B-DISO
after	O
smoke	O
inhalation	B-PROC
in	O
sheep	B-SPEC
.	O

During	O
halothane	B-CHED
anesthesia	B-DISO
,	O
live	O
bacteria	B-SPEC
suspended	O
in	O
a	O
30	O
-	O
mL	O
saline	O
solution	O
containing	O
2	O
-	O
5	O
x	O
10	O
(	O
11	O
)	O
colony	O
-	O
forming	O
units	O
were	O
instilled	O
through	O
a	O
bronchoscope	O
into	O
the	O
right	O
lower	O
and	O
middle	O
lung	B-ANAT
lobes	B-ANAT
(	O
10	O
mL	O
each	O
)	O
and	O
left	O
lower	B-ANAT
lung	I-ANAT
lobe	I-ANAT
(	O
10	O
mL	O
;	O
n	O
=	O
10	O
).	O

The	O
animals	B-SPEC
were	O
monitored	O
for	O
48	O
hrs	B-DISO
.	O

Mean	O
arterial	B-PROC
pressures	I-PROC
at	O
48	O
hrs	B-DISO
in	O
the	O
smoke	O
-	O
alone	O
and	O
the	O
smoke	O
+	O
sepsis	B-DISO
group	O
were	O
85	O
.	O
5	O
+/-	O

Although	O
the	O
incidence	O
of	O
postoperative	O
visual	B-DISO
loss	I-DISO
is	O
low	O
(-	O
0	O
.	O
002	O
%),	O
awareness	O
of	O
this	O
entity	O
must	O
be	O
raised	O
within	O
the	O
trauma	O
surgical	O
community	O
.	O

He	O
had	O
been	O
diagnosed	O
6	O
years	O
earlier	O
with	O
IgA	B-DISO
nephropathy	I-DISO
(	O
IgA	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
N	I-PRGE
).	O

Ending	O
HFOV	O
after	O
6	O
.	O
6	O
(	O
SD	O
3	O
.	O
2	O
)	O
days	O
,	O
survivors	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
11	O
)	O
significantly	O
reduced	O
their	O
Sequential	O
Organ	B-DISO
Failure	I-DISO
Assessment	O
Score	O
(	O
SOFA	O
)	O
compared	O
to	O
baseline	O
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
HFOV	O
effectively	O
improves	O
oxygenation	B-PROC
without	O
haemodynamic	O
compromise	O
.	O

This	O
pathological	B-DISO
process	I-DISO
is	O
primarily	O
T	B-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
-	O
mediated	O
and	O
MHV	B-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
of	O
mice	B-SPEC
lacking	O
B	O
and	O
T	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
does	O
not	O
result	O
in	O
demyelination	B-DISO
.	O

These	O
results	O
show	O
,	O
for	O
the	O
first	O
time	O
,	O
that	O
gamma	O
delta	O
T	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
can	O
substitute	O
for	O
alpha	O
beta	O
T	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
in	O
a	O
virus	B-SPEC
model	O
of	O
demyelination	B-DISO
and	O
further	O
support	O
a	O
pathological	O
role	O
for	O
gamma	O
delta	O
T	O
cells	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
multiple	B-DISO
sclerosis	I-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
A	O
novel	O
method	O
was	O
developed	O
to	O
assemble	O
a	O
full	O
-	O
length	O
infectious	O
cDNA	O
of	O
the	O
group	O
II	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
mouse	B-DISO
hepatitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
strain	O
A59	O
(	O
MHV	B-SPEC
-	O
A59	O
).	O

RNA	O
transcripts	O
derived	O
from	O
the	O
full	O
-	O
length	O
MHV	B-SPEC
-	O
A59	O
construct	O
were	O
infectious	B-DISO
,	O
although	O
transfection	B-PROC
frequencies	O
were	O
enhanced	O
10	O
-	O
to	O
15	O
-	O
fold	O
in	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
transcripts	O
encoding	O
the	O
nucleocapsid	B-COMP
protein	B-CHED
N	O
.	O
Plaque	B-DISO
-	O
purified	O
virus	B-SPEC
derived	O
from	O
the	O
infectious	B-DISO
construct	O
replicated	O
efficiently	O
and	O
displayed	O
similar	O
growth	B-PROC
kinetics	O
,	O
plaque	B-DISO
morphology	O
,	O
and	O
cytopathology	O
in	O
murine	B-SPEC
cells	B-COMP
as	O
did	O
wild	O
-	O
type	O
MHV	B-SPEC
-	O
A59	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
determine	O
whether	O
early	O
surfactant	B-CHED
administration	O
is	O
superior	O
to	O
selective	O
delayed	O
treatment	O
in	O
terms	O
of	O
improving	O
survival	O
and	O
/	O
or	O
reducing	O
chronic	B-DISO
lung	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
in	O
extremely	O
premature	O
neonates	O
with	O
respiratory	B-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
RDS	O
)	O
treated	O
by	O
high	O
-	O
frequency	O
oscillatory	O
ventilation	O
(	O
HFOV	O
).	O

All	O
were	O
ventilated	O
by	O
HFOV	O
as	O
the	O
primary	O
mode	O
of	O
ventilation	O
using	O
the	O
high	O
volume	O
strategy	O
aimed	O
at	O
optimizing	O
lung	B-PROC
volume	I-PROC
.	O

When	O
compared	O
to	O
delayed	O
dosing	O
,	O
early	O
administration	O
of	O
surfactant	B-CHED
followed	O
by	O
HFOV	O
facilitates	O
and	O
accelerates	O
respiratory	O
stabilization	O
during	O
the	O
acute	O
phase	O
of	O
severe	O
RDS	O
,	O
may	O
reduce	O
the	O
incidence	O
of	O
chronic	B-DISO
lung	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
or	O
death	B-PROC
and	O
may	O
positively	O
influence	O
the	O
incidence	O
of	O
severe	O
intracranial	B-ANAT
pathology	B-DISO
in	O
extremely	O
premature	O
infants	O
with	O
primary	O
surfactant	B-CHED
insufficiency	O
.	O

If	O
this	O
hypothesis	O
is	O
confirmed	O
,	O
it	O
will	O
require	O
a	O
new	O
approach	O
in	O
the	O
diagnosis	O
and	O
treatment	O
of	O
patients	O
who	O
exhibit	O
this	O
form	O
of	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
.	O

Two	O
methods	O
were	O
developed	O
to	O
displace	O
the	O
antibodies	B-COMP
from	O
BEV	B-SPEC
and	O
BPV	B-SPEC
and	O
thereby	O
render	O
them	O
accessible	O
for	O
titration	O
.	O

To	O
risk	O
-	O
adjust	O
patients	O
with	O
longer	O
,	O
more	O
severe	O
illnesses	O
like	O
sepsis	B-DISO
and	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
,	O
several	O
models	O
of	O
organ	B-ANAT
dysfunction	O
or	O
failure	O
have	O
become	O
available	O
,	O
including	O
the	O
Multiple	O
Organ	B-ANAT
Dysfunction	O
Score	O
(	O
MODS	B-DISO
),	O
the	O
Sequential	O
Organ	B-DISO
Failure	I-DISO
Assessment	O
(	O
SOFA	O
),	O
and	O
the	O
Logistic	O
Organ	B-ANAT
Dysfunction	O
Score	O
(	O
LODS	O
).	O

The	O
PCR	O
products	O
were	O
cloned	O
and	O
sequenced	O
and	O
their	O
nucleic	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
structure	O
and	O
similarity	O
to	O
the	O
published	O
sequences	O
of	O
IBV	B-SPEC
were	O
analyzed	O
.	O

Gene	O
5	O
containing	O
two	O
overlapping	O
open	O
reading	O
frames	O
(	O
ORFs	O
),	O
5a	O
and	O
5b	O
,	O
was	O
localized	O
between	O
M	O
and	O
N	O
genes	O
of	O
TCV	B-SPEC
.	O

The	O
Sindbis	O
replicon	O
vector	O
and	O
the	O
ectopic	O
TGEV	B-PRGE
E	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
did	O
not	O
interfere	O
with	O
the	O
rescue	O
of	O
infectious	B-DISO
TGEV	B-SPEC
from	O
full	O
-	O
length	O
cDNA	O
.	O

All	O
patients	O
developed	O
neurologic	O
complications	O
resulting	O
from	O
ACS	B-FUNC
episodes	O
,	O
including	O
seizures	B-DISO
(	O
n	O
=	O
2	O
),	O
silent	O
cerebral	B-DISO
infarcts	I-DISO
(	O
n	O
=	O
3	O
),	O
cerebral	B-DISO
hemorrhage	I-DISO
(	O
n	O
=	O
2	O
),	O
and	O
reversible	B-DISO
posterior	I-DISO
leukoencephalopathy	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
n	O
=	O
3	O
).	O

However	O
,	O
comparative	O
sequence	O
analysis	O
of	O
the	O
S1	B-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
revealed	O
that	O
the	O
identity	O
was	O
not	O
100	O
%	O
to	O
any	O
of	O
the	O
strains	O
of	O
this	O
serotype	O
that	O
we	O
analysed	O
.	O

A	O
virus	B-SPEC
related	O
to	O
the	O
Dutch	O
-	O
type	O
strain	O
,	O
D274	O
,	O
was	O
also	O
identified	O
on	O
one	O
farm	O
.	O

Surprisingly	O
,	O
from	O
1997	O
,	O
the	O
year	O
that	O
vaccination	O
commenced	O
with	O
a	O
live	O
Massachusetts	O
serotype	O
vaccine	O
,	O
the	O
majority	O
of	O
viruses	B-SPEC
detected	O
had	O
S1	O
sequences	O
identical	O
to	O
the	O
live	O
Massachusetts	O
vaccine	O
strain	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
relationship	O
between	O
the	O
level	O
of	O
particulate	O
air	B-CHED
pollution	O
(	O
PM	O
(	O
10	O
))	O
and	O
the	O
mortality	O
and	O
morbidity	O
rates	O
from	O
respiratory	O
and	O
cardiovascular	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
is	O
well	O
established	O
,	O
but	O
the	O
biological	O
mechanisms	O
responsible	O
for	O
these	O
associations	O
are	O
still	O
unclear	O
.	O

In	O
vitro	O
and	O
in	O
vivo	O
studies	O
suggest	O
that	O
alveolar	B-ANAT
macrophage	I-ANAT
produce	O
the	O
mediators	O
implicated	O
in	O
the	O
bone	B-ANAT
marrow	I-ANAT
response	O
to	O
ambient	O
particles	O
.	O

We	O
conclude	O
that	O
exposure	O
to	O
ambient	O
particulate	O
matter	O
air	B-CHED
pollution	O
induces	O
a	O
systemic	O
inflammatory	B-DISO
response	I-DISO
that	O
includes	O
the	O
release	B-PATH
of	O
inflammatory	O
mediators	O
into	O
the	O
circulation	B-PROC
that	O
stimulate	O
the	O
bone	B-ANAT
marrow	I-ANAT
to	O
release	B-PATH
leukocytes	B-ANAT
and	O
platelets	B-ANAT
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Inhaled	B-PROC
nitric	B-CHED
oxide	I-CHED
therapy	O
in	O
premature	O
infants	O
with	O
mild	O
to	O
moderate	O
respiratory	B-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

The	O
incidence	O
of	O
other	O
acute	O
complications	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
early	O
neonatal	B-DISO
death	I-DISO
,	O
were	O
comparable	O
between	O
the	O
groups	O
.	O

The	O
failure	B-DISO
to	I-DISO
thrive	I-DISO
,	O
psychomotor	O
retardation	O
,	O
hypotonic	B-DISO
or	O
spastic	B-DISO
quadruparesis	O
,	O
hypertrophic	B-DISO
cardiomyopathy	I-DISO
,	O
hepatopathy	B-DISO
and	O
hyperlactacidaemia	O
developed	O
after	O
birth	B-PROC
.	O

Five	O
children	O
died	B-PROC
in	O
the	O
first	O
year	O
of	O
life	O
during	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
,	O
one	O
girl	O
died	B-PROC
at	O
the	O
age	O
of	O
3	O
months	O
with	O
sudden	B-DISO
death	I-DISO
syndrome	B-DISO
,	O
only	O
one	O
boy	O
with	O
spastic	B-DISO
quadruparesis	O
and	O
severe	O
psychomotor	O
retardation	O
survived	O
to	O
the	O
age	O
of	O
8	O
years	O
.	O

Instillation	O
of	O
100mg	O
/	O
kg	O
surfactant	B-CHED
into	O
the	O
lungs	B-ANAT
was	O
well	O
tolerated	O
and	O
improved	O
tidal	O
volume	O
,	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
compliance	O
and	O
alveolar	B-ANAT
expansion	O
.	O

The	O
surfactant	B-CHED
preparation	O
used	O
reduced	O
baseline	O
TNF	B-PROC
production	I-PROC
by	O
murine	B-SPEC
alveolar	B-ANAT
macrophages	I-ANAT
,	O
indicating	O
that	O
the	O
exaggeration	O
of	O
ventilation	O
-	O
induced	O
TNF	B-PRGE
release	B-PATH
cannot	O
be	O
explained	O
by	O
a	O
direct	O
effect	O
of	O
surfactant	B-CHED
on	O
these	O
cells	B-COMP
.	O

We	O
hypothesize	O
that	O
ventilation	O
-	O
induced	O
mediator	O
release	B-PATH
is	O
explained	O
by	O
stretching	O
of	O
lung	B-ANAT
cells	B-COMP
,	O
which	O
is	O
reinforced	O
by	O
surfactant	B-CHED
.	O

All	O
studied	O
variables	O
were	O
significantly	O
associated	O
with	O
ARDS	B-DISO
in	O
univariate	O
analyses	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Receptor	O
-	O
induced	O
conformational	O
changes	O
of	O
murine	B-PRGE
coronavirus	I-PRGE
spike	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Although	O
murine	O
coronavirus	O
mouse	B-DISO
hepatitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
MHV	B-SPEC
)	O
enters	O
cells	B-COMP
by	O
virus	B-SPEC
-	O
cell	B-COMP
membrane	I-COMP
fusion	O
triggered	O
by	O
its	O
spike	O
(	O
S	O
)	O
protein	B-CHED
,	O
it	O
is	O
not	O
well	O
known	O
how	O
the	O
S	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
participates	O
in	O
fusion	O
events	O
.	O

In	O
the	O
present	O
study	O
,	O
we	O
demonstrate	O
that	O
soMHVR	O
induces	O
the	O
conformational	O
changes	O
of	O
the	O
S	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
,	O
as	O
shown	O
by	O
the	O
proteinase	B-PROC
digestion	B-PROC
test	O
.	O

Its	O
origins	O
are	O
during	O
fetal	B-PROC
development	B-PROC
.	O

There	O
is	O
no	O
published	O
method	O
known	O
to	O
us	O
of	O
determining	O
the	O
time	O
of	O
origin	O
of	O
these	O
markers	O
except	O
that	O
the	O
injury	O
causing	O
astrogliosis	B-DISO
must	O
have	O
occurred	O
at	O
least	O
4	O
days	O
before	O
death	B-PROC
(	O
Del	O
Bigio	O
and	O
Becker	O
,	O
1994	O
).	O

It	O
seems	O
likely	O
that	O
the	O
""""	O
acute	O
control	O
""""	O
group	O
of	O
Kinney	O
et	O
al	O
(	O
1995	O
)	O
died	B-PROC
too	O
quickly	O
to	O
develop	O
gliosis	B-DISO
or	O
severe	O
depletion	O
of	O
the	O
neurotransmitter	B-CHED
systems	O
.	O

We	O
can	O
conclude	O
that	O
the	O
acute	O
controls	O
had	O
no	O
previous	O
episodes	O
of	O
severe	O
hypoxia	B-DISO
,	O
unlike	O
SIDS	B-DISO
or	O
their	O
""""	O
chronic	O
controls	O
.	O

Hypoplasia	B-DISO
of	O
the	O
arcuate	B-ANAT
nucleus	I-ANAT
was	O
stated	O
to	O
occur	O
in	O
5	O
%	O
of	O
their	O
SIDS	B-DISO
cases	O
by	O
Kinney	O
et	O
al	O
(	O
2001	O
),	O
but	O
this	O
is	O
a	O
""""	O
primary	O
developmental	B-DISO
defect	I-DISO
""""	O
according	O
to	O
Matturri	O
et	O
al	O
(	O
2002	O
)	O
with	O
a	O
larger	O
series	O
,	O
many	O
of	O
whom	O
were	O
stillbirths	B-DISO
.	O

Feline	B-SPEC
kidney	B-ANAT
cells	B-COMP
that	O
express	O
fAPN	O
and	O
hamster	B-SPEC
kidney	B-ANAT
fibroblasts	B-ANAT
that	O
do	O
not	O
express	O
fAPN	O
were	O
inoculated	O
with	O
IBV	B-SPEC
and	O
monitored	O
for	O
replication	O
by	O
indirect	O
fluorescent	O
assay	O
and	O
confocal	O
microscopy	O
and	O
in	O
chicken	B-SPEC
embryonated	O
eggs	O
.	O

Investigation	O
into	O
the	O
prevalence	O
of	O
FCoV	O
in	O
exotic	O
Felidae	B-SPEC
has	O
relied	O
primarily	O
on	O
serology	O
.	O

Serum	B-COMP
samples	O
collected	O
from	O
all	O
but	O
12	O
of	O
these	O
animals	B-SPEC
were	O
tested	O
for	O
antibodies	B-COMP
to	O
type	O
I	O
and	O
type	O
II	O
FCoV	O
by	O
indirect	O
immunofluorescence	O
.	O

Sentinel	O
pigs	B-SPEC
were	O
commingled	O
with	O
the	O
PRCV	O
-	O
infected	O
pigs	B-SPEC
at	O
8	O
weeks	O
after	O
exposure	O
,	O
and	O
no	O
virus	B-SPEC
transmission	O
occurred	O
.	O

We	O
hypothesized	O
that	O
acute	O
non	O
-	O
immune	O
injury	O
in	O
the	O
lung	B-ANAT
allograft	O
may	O
impact	O
,	O
not	O
only	O
on	O
early	O
survival	O
,	O
but	O
also	O
on	O
longer	O
term	O
survival	O
by	O
increasing	O
the	O
incidence	O
of	O
bronchiolitis	B-DISO
obliterans	I-DISO
syndrome	B-DISO
(	O
BOS	B-DISO
).	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Early	O
graft	B-ANAT
biopsy	O
was	O
available	O
in	O
291	O
of	O
the	O
recipients	O
following	O
transplantation	O
.	O

The	O
most	O
severe	O
respiratory	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
is	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
which	O
can	O
be	O
associated	O
with	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
and	O
death	B-PROC
.	O

We	O
still	O
don	O
'	O
t	O
have	O
a	O
special	O
treatment	O
for	O
these	O
kinds	O
of	O
infections	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
aim	O
of	O
this	O
study	O
was	O
to	O
assess	O
time	O
course	O
and	O
level	O
of	O
activation	O
of	O
sPLA	B-PRGE
(	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
)-	I-PRGE
I	I-PRGE
and	O
trypsinogen	B-PRGE
in	O
acute	B-DISO
pancreatitis	I-DISO
,	O
relative	O
to	O
severity	O
.	O

Activation	O
of	O
sPLA	B-PRGE
(	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
)-	I-PRGE
I	I-PRGE
is	O
associated	O
with	O
the	O
early	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
of	O
acute	B-DISO
pancreatitis	I-DISO
,	O
but	O
not	O
in	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
distant	O
organ	B-ANAT
damage	O
.	O

Outcomes	O
included	O
mortality	O
,	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
(>	O
or	O
=	O
10	O
colony	O
-	O
forming	O
units	O
/	O
mL	O
in	O
bronchoalveolar	O
lavage	O
effluent	O
),	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
,	O
bacteremia	B-DISO
,	O
ventilator	O
days	O
,	O
and	O
intensive	O
care	O
unit	O
and	O
hospital	O
length	O
of	O
stay	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Despite	O
their	O
high	O
frequency	O
of	O
RNA	O
recombination	B-PROC
,	O
the	O
plus	O
-	O
strand	O
coronaviruses	O
have	O
a	O
characteristic	O
,	O
strictly	O
conserved	O
genome	O
organization	O
with	O
the	O
essential	O
genes	O
occurring	O
in	O
the	O
order	B-PRGE
5	I-PRGE
'-	I-PRGE
polymerase	I-PRGE
(	O
pol	B-PRGE
)-	O
S	O
-	O
E	O
-	O
M	O
-	O
N	O
-	O
3	O
'.	O

The	O
recombinant	O
virus	B-SPEC
with	O
the	O
gene	O
order	B-SPEC
5	O
'-	O
pol	O
-	O
E	O
-	O
M	O
-	O
S	O
-	O
N	O
-	O
3	O
'	O
was	O
also	O
tested	O
for	O
the	O
ability	O
to	O
replicate	O
in	O
the	O
natural	O
host	B-COMP
,	O
the	O
mouse	B-SPEC
.	O

Inhibition	B-PROC
of	O
MHV	B-SPEC
-	O
induced	O
apoptosis	B-PATH
by	O
the	O
pancaspase	O
inhibitor	B-CHED
Z	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
VAD	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
FMK	I-PRGE
promoted	O
virus	B-SPEC
production	O
late	O
in	O
infection	B-DISO
,	O
indicating	O
that	O
apoptosis	B-PATH
could	O
be	O
a	O
host	B-PROC
response	I-PROC
to	O
limit	O
the	O
production	O
of	O
viral	O
progeny	O
.	O

Activation	O
of	O
the	O
mitochondria	B-COMP
-	O
mediated	O
apoptotic	O
pathway	B-PROC
was	O
indicated	O
by	O
the	O
activation	O
of	O
caspase	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
9	I-PRGE
and	O
delay	O
of	O
apoptosis	B-PATH
by	O
Bcl	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
overexpression	B-PROC
.	O

All	O
our	O
data	O
indicate	O
that	O
a	O
mitochondria	B-COMP
-	O
mediated	O
pathway	B-PROC
played	O
a	O
major	O
regulatory	O
role	O
in	O
apoptosis	B-PATH
in	O
MHV	B-SPEC
-	O
infected	O
17Cl	B-CHED
-	O
1	O
cells	B-COMP
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Targeted	B-PROC
RNA	O
recombination	B-PROC
of	O
the	O
membrane	B-COMP
and	O
nucleocapsid	B-COMP
protein	B-CHED
genes	O
between	O
mouse	B-SPEC
hepatitis	I-DISO
virus	O
and	O
bovine	B-SPEC
coronavirus	B-SPEC
.	O

Further	O
analysis	O
of	O
the	O
recombinant	O
viruses	B-SPEC
indicated	O
that	O
there	O
combination	O
had	O
taken	O
place	O
within	O
the	O
region	O
of	O
222	O
nucleotides	B-CHED
between	O
positions	O
916	O
and	O
1	O
,	O
137	O
of	O
the	O
N	B-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
.	O

We	O
speculate	O
that	O
the	O
enhanced	O
lung	B-ANAT
recruitment	B-DISO
by	O
HFOV	O
enhances	O
the	O
effects	O
of	O
low	O
dose	O
iNO	O
on	O
gas	B-ENZY
exchange	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Incidence	O
,	O
clinical	O
course	O
,	O
and	O
outcome	O
in	O
217	O
patients	O
with	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

It	O
was	O
discovered	O
that	O
polyclonal	O
antisera	O
significantly	O
inhibited	O
plaque	B-DISO
formation	B-PROC
by	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
,	O
suggesting	O
that	O
this	O
region	O
of	O
the	O
spike	O
protein	B-CHED
contains	O
the	O
epitope	B-CHED
(	O
s	O
)	O
that	O
is	O
capable	O
of	O
inducing	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
-	O
neutralizing	O
antibodies	B-COMP
.	O

In	O
addition	O
,	O
the	O
region	O
that	O
corresponds	O
to	O
the	O
neutralizing	O
epitope	B-CHED
of	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
may	O
also	O
be	O
involved	O
in	O
neutralizing	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
,	O
although	O
the	O
two	O
viruses	B-SPEC
are	O
serologically	O
quite	O
distinct	O
.	O

Twenty	O
-	O
three	O
patients	O
who	O
had	O
ARDS	B-DISO
(	O
0	O
.	O
5	O
-	O
months	O
to	O
12	O
.	O
6	O
-	O
years	O
-	O
old	O
),	O
were	O
placed	O
in	O
the	O
prone	O
position	O
within	O
56	O
+/-	O
109	O
h	O
after	O
the	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Gastric	B-ANAT
gross	O
and	O
microscopic	O
lesions	O
caused	O
by	O
the	O
UNAM	O
-	O
97	O
variant	O
strain	O
of	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
after	O
the	O
eighth	O
passage	O
in	O
specific	O
pathogen	O
-	O
free	O
chicken	B-SPEC
embryos	B-ANAT
.	O

To	O
study	O
whether	O
toroviruses	B-SPEC
use	O
a	O
similar	O
transcription	B-PROC
mechanism	O
,	O
we	O
characterized	O
the	O
5	O
'	O
termini	O
of	O
the	O
genome	O
and	O
the	O
four	O
sg	O
mRNAs	O
of	O
Berne	O
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
BEV	B-SPEC
).	O

Apparently	O
,	O
BEV	O
combines	O
discontinuous	O
and	O
non	O
-	O
discontinuous	O
RNA	B-PROC
synthesis	I-PROC
to	O
produce	O
its	O
sg	O
mRNAs	O
.	O

The	O
aim	O
of	O
this	O
study	O
was	O
to	O
investigate	O
the	O
effects	O
of	O
surfactant	B-CHED
treatment	O
on	O
oxygenation	B-PROC
in	O
8	O
infants	O
(	O
age	O
range	O
:	O
1	O
mo	O
to	O
13	O
y	O
)	O
with	O
severe	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
owing	O
to	O
viral	O
,	O
bacterial	O
or	O
Pneumocystis	B-DISO
Carinii	I-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
.	O

Instillation	O
of	O
a	O
modified	O
porcine	B-SPEC
surfactant	B-CHED
(	O
Curosurf	O
)	O
improved	O
gas	B-ENZY
exchange	O
immediately	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
6	O
patients	O
(	O
75	O
%)	O
were	O
immunodeficient	B-DISO
,	O
so	O
that	O
the	O
observed	O
mortality	O
rate	O
was	O
mainly	O
due	O
to	O
the	O
underlying	O
disease	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Severe	O
interstitial	B-DISO
pneumonitis	I-DISO
related	O
to	O
Gemcitabine	B-CHED
].	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Gemcitabine	B-CHED
is	O
used	O
to	O
treat	O
solid	O
tumours	O
such	O
as	O
non	O
small	O
-	O
cell	B-COMP
lung	B-DISO
cancer	B-SPEC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Delivery	O
of	O
subunit	O
vaccines	O
in	O
maize	B-SPEC
seed	O
.	O

We	O
have	O
previously	O
demonstrated	O
high	O
level	O
expression	B-PROC
of	O
the	O
B	O
-	O
subunit	O
of	O
Escherichia	B-SPEC
coli	I-SPEC
heat	O
-	O
labile	O
enterotoxin	O
and	O
the	O
spike	O
protein	O
of	O
swine	B-DISO
transmissible	I-DISO
gastroenteritis	I-DISO
in	O
corn	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
have	O
demonstrated	O
that	O
these	O
antigens	B-CHED
delivered	O
in	O
the	O
seed	O
elicit	O
protective	O
immune	B-PROC
responses	I-PROC
.	O

Because	O
the	O
fundamental	O
aim	O
of	O
supportive	O
treatment	O
is	O
to	O
improve	O
arterial	B-ANAT
oxygenation	B-PROC
,	O
several	O
alternatives	O
to	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
with	O
PEEP	B-CHED
have	O
been	O
used	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Polypyrimidine	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
tract	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
binding	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
(	O
PTB	B-PRGE
)	O
has	O
been	O
shown	O
to	O
bind	B-FUNC
specifically	O
to	O
the	O
5	O
'	O
ends	O
of	O
mouse	B-DISO
hepatitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
MHV	B-SPEC
)	O
RNA	O
and	O
its	O
complementary	O
strand	O
.	O

We	O
observed	O
that	O
both	O
the	O
full	O
-	O
length	O
and	O
the	O
truncated	O
PTB	O
,	O
when	O
overexpressed	O
,	O
functioned	O
in	O
a	O
dominant	O
-	O
negative	O
manner	O
in	O
MHV	B-SPEC
replication	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
the	O
truncated	O
form	O
exhibited	O
more	O
severe	O
effects	O
on	O
syncytia	B-ANAT
formation	B-PROC
,	O
virus	B-SPEC
production	O
,	O
and	O
synthesis	B-PROC
of	O
viral	O
RNA	O
and	O
viral	O
proteins	O
.	O

Transcription	B-PROC
of	O
the	O
DI	O
RNA	O
during	O
MHV	B-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
was	O
greatly	O
inhibited	O
in	O
these	O
cell	B-ANAT
lines	I-ANAT
,	O
indicating	O
that	O
PTB	B-PRGE
modulates	O
MHV	B-SPEC
transcription	B-PROC
.	O

Initially	O
,	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
and	O
nitric	B-CHED
oxide	I-CHED
inhalation	B-PROC
were	O
used	O
,	O
but	O
these	O
did	O
not	O
improve	O
the	O
alveolar	B-ANAT
-	O
arterial	B-ANAT
oxygen	B-CHED
gradient	O
.	O

Reactivation	O
in	O
antibody	B-COMP
-	O
deficient	O
mice	B-SPEC
is	O
not	O
associated	O
with	O
increased	O
T	B-ANAT
-	I-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
infiltration	B-DISO
,	O
but	O
is	O
prevented	O
via	O
transfer	O
of	O
neutralizing	O
antibody	O
.	O

A	O
vital	O
role	O
for	O
humoral	B-PROC
immunity	I-PROC
during	O
persistence	O
is	O
supported	O
by	O
the	O
accumulation	O
and	O
retention	B-PROC
of	O
virus	B-SPEC
-	O
specific	O
antibody	B-ANAT
secreting	B-PROC
cells	B-COMP
following	O
clearance	O
of	O
infectious	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Construction	O
and	O
immunogenicity	O
studies	O
of	O
recombinant	O
fowl	O
poxvirus	B-SPEC
containing	O
the	O
S1	B-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
of	O
Massachusetts	O
41	O
strain	O
of	O
infectious	O
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
.	O

Visceral	B-DISO
gout	I-DISO
and	O
urolithiasis	B-DISO
were	O
less	O
frequently	O
observed	O
.	O

Minimal	O
respiratory	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
signs	O
were	O
noted	O
in	O
broilers	O
.	O

Sequencing	O
of	O
the	O
S1	O
subunit	O
gene	O
of	O
21	O
IBV	B-SPEC
isolates	O
showed	O
the	O
NIB	O
outbreak	O
to	O
be	O
associated	O
with	O
two	O
unique	O
genotypes	O
,	O
PA	O
/	O
Wolgemuth	O
/	O
98	O
and	O
PA	O
/	O
171	O
/	O
99	O
.	O

The	O
NIB	O
viruses	B-SPEC
were	O
unrelated	O
to	O
previously	O
recognized	O
endemic	O
strains	O
in	O
Pennsylvania	O
and	O
were	O
also	O
dissimilar	O
to	O
each	O
other	O
.	O

Serum	B-COMP
IBV	B-SPEC
enzyme	O
-	O
linked	O
immunosorbent	O
assay	O
antibody	B-COMP
geometric	O
mean	O
titers	O
(	O
GMTs	O
)	O
after	O
vaccination	O
with	O
the	O
combinations	O
of	O
live	O
attenuated	O
strains	O
were	O
low	O
,	O
ranging	O
from	O
184	O
to	O
1	O
,	O
354	O
,	O
prior	O
to	O
NIBV	O
challenge	O
at	O
10	O
wk	O
of	O
age	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Poult	O
enteritis	O
mortality	O
syndrome	B-DISO
(	O
PEMS	O
)	O
has	O
been	O
an	O
economically	O
devastating	O
disease	O
in	O
North	O
Carolina	O
since	O
the	O
early	O
1990s	O
.	O

A	O
chicken	B-SPEC
usually	O
lays	O
about	O
280	O
eggs	O
in	O
a	O
year	O
,	O
and	O
egg	B-ANAT
yolk	B-COMP
contains	O
100	O
-	O
150	O
mg	O
of	O
IgY	O
per	O
yolk	B-COMP
,	O
suggesting	O
that	O
more	O
than	O
40	O
g	O
of	O
IgY	O
per	O
year	O
can	O
be	O
obtained	O
from	O
each	O
chicken	B-SPEC
through	O
eggs	O
.	O

Mice	B-SPEC
deficient	O
in	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
2	I-FUNC
,	O
IL	O
-	O
2Ralpha	O
,	O
and	O
IL	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
2Rbeta	I-PRGE
are	O
each	O
characterized	O
by	O
a	O
rapid	O
lethal	O
autoimmune	B-DISO
lymphoproliferative	B-DISO
disorder	I-DISO
that	O
complicates	O
their	O
use	O
in	O
studies	O
aimed	O
at	O
investigating	O
the	O
role	O
of	O
these	O
cytokines	O
and	O
receptors	O
for	O
immune	B-PROC
responses	I-PROC
in	O
vivo	O
.	O

In	O
the	O
present	O
study	O
,	O
these	O
mice	B-SPEC
were	O
used	O
to	O
investigate	O
the	O
extent	O
by	O
which	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
2	I-FUNC
and	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
15	I-FUNC
are	O
essential	O
for	O
T	B-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
immunity	B-PROC
in	O
vivo	O
.	O

It	O
has	O
been	O
extensively	O
used	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
chronic	B-DISO
obstructive	I-DISO
pulmonary	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
with	O
acute	O
or	O
acute	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
on	I-DISO
-	I-DISO
chronic	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
.	O

A	O
novel	O
120	O
-	O
kDa	O
subunit	O
was	O
formed	O
following	O
incubation	O
of	O
the	O
receptor	O
-	O
triggered	O
S	O
(	O
A59	O
)	O
H716D	O
virions	B-COMP
with	O
trypsin	B-PRGE
at	O
4	O
degrees	O
C	O
.	O
The	O
data	O
show	O
that	O
unlike	O
class	B-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
fusion	I-PRGE
glycoproteins	B-CHED
of	O
other	O
enveloped	O
viruses	B-SPEC
,	O
the	O
murine	B-PRGE
coronavirus	I-PRGE
S	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
can	O
be	O
triggered	O
to	O
a	O
membrane	B-COMP
-	O
binding	B-FUNC
conformation	O
at	O
37	O
degrees	O
C	O
either	O
by	O
soluble	O
receptor	O
at	O
neutral	O
pH	O
or	O
by	O
alkaline	O
pH	O
alone	O
,	O
without	O
requiring	O
previous	O
activation	O
by	O
cleavage	B-PROC
between	O
S1	O
and	O
S2	O
.	O

In	O
contrast	O
,	O
soluble	O
mCEACAM1	O
(	O
b	O
)	O
allowed	O
viruses	B-SPEC
with	O
the	O
MHV	B-SPEC
-	O
A59	O
RBD	O
to	O
associate	O
with	O
liposomes	O
more	O
efficiently	O
than	O
did	O
viruses	B-SPEC
with	O
the	O
MHV	B-SPEC
-	O
4	O
RBD	O
.	O

In	O
the	O
second	O
assay	O
,	O
which	O
requires	O
virus	B-SPEC
entry	O
and	O
replication	O
,	O
all	O
recombinant	O
viruses	B-SPEC
replicated	O
efficiently	O
in	O
BHK	O
cells	B-COMP
expressing	O
mCEACAM1	O
(	O
a	O
).	O

We	O
have	O
developed	O
a	O
protocol	O
which	O
prevents	O
hyperglycaemia	B-DISO
and	O
can	O
be	O
used	O
easily	O
by	O
ward	O
staff	O
.	O

The	O
initial	O
scale	O
is	O
selected	O
according	O
to	O
the	O
patient	O
'	O
s	O
current	O
subcutaneous	O
insulin	B-PRGE
dose	O
and	O
advanced	O
if	O
the	O
blood	B-ANAT
glucose	B-CHED
is	O
>	O
or	O
=	O
10	O
.	O
1	O
mmol	O
/	O
l	O
for	O
2	O
consecutive	O
hours	O
.	O

The	O
median	O
amount	O
of	O
supplementary	O
intravenous	O
insulin	B-PRGE
required	O
was	O
74	O
U	O
(	O
range	O
32	O
-	O
88	O
U	O
);	O
the	O
median	O
glucose	B-CHED
values	O
achieved	O
were	O
5	O
.	O
8	O
-	O
8	O
.	O
9	O
mmol	O
/	O
l	O
.	O

In	O
the	O
present	O
prospective	O
randomized	O
study	O
,	O
we	O
compared	O
the	O
effectiveness	O
of	O
oxygen	B-CHED
treatment	O
administered	O
by	O
a	O
face	B-DISO
mask	O
vs	O
.	O
nasal	B-ANAT
continuous	O
positive	O
airway	B-ANAT
pressure	O
(	O
NCPAP	O
).	O

Thirty	O
-	O
seven	O
patients	O
with	O
DSS	B-DISO
complicated	O
by	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
were	O
enrolled	O
.	O

We	O
included	O
children	O
aged	O
2	O
-	O
16	O
years	O
with	O
active	O
asthma	B-PATH
,	O
defined	O
as	O
three	O
or	O
more	O
recurrent	O
episodes	O
of	O
reversible	O
wheezing	B-DISO
.	O

Ten	O
of	O
these	O
individuals	O
(	O
14	O
%	O
of	O
total	O
)	O
were	O
positive	O
for	O
M	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
synoviae	I-SPEC
by	O
hemagglutination	B-PROC
inhibition	B-PROC
testing	O
.	O

Reticuloendotheliosis	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
was	O
isolated	O
from	O
one	O
of	O
these	O
individuals	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
We	O
tested	O
the	O
hypothesis	O
that	O
activated	O
neutrophil	O
-	O
endothelial	B-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
interaction	O
in	O
DIC	B-DISO
can	O
cause	O
endothelial	B-ANAT
injury	O
contributing	O
to	O
multiple	B-DISO
organ	I-DISO
dysfunction	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
MODS	B-DISO
)	O
and	O
a	O
poor	O
outcome	O
after	O
trauma	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Rhinovirus	B-SPEC
-	O
induced	O
wheezing	B-DISO
in	O
infancy	O
--	O
the	O
first	O
sign	O
of	O
childhood	B-DISO
asthma	I-DISO
?	O

Studies	O
using	O
animal	B-SPEC
models	O
of	O
successful	O
remyelination	B-PROC
delineate	O
a	O
progression	O
of	O
events	O
facilitating	O
remyelination	B-PROC
.	O

Ten	O
patients	O
with	O
ALI	O
/	O
ARDS	B-DISO
on	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
.	O

Inspiration	B-PROC
increased	O
alveolar	B-ANAT
recruitment	B-DISO
at	O
all	O
PEEP	B-CHED
levels	O
.	O

A	O
pronounced	O
predictive	O
antigenicity	O
in	O
the	O
HVR2	O
region	O
was	O
also	O
associated	O
with	O
layer	B-ANAT
-	O
type	O
chickens	B-SPEC
(	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
001	O
).	O

Undiluted	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
edema	I-DISO
fluid	O
and	O
plasma	B-ANAT
samples	O
were	O
collected	O
within	O
24	O
hrs	B-DISO
of	O
endotracheal	O
intubation	O
in	O
all	O
patients	O
.	O

Nine	O
sheep	B-SPEC
(	O
29	O
.	O
2	O
+/-	O

After	O
stabilization	O
,	O
high	O
-	O
frequency	O
oscillation	O
was	O
initiated	O
at	O
a	O
mean	O
airway	B-ANAT
pressure	O
equal	O
to	O
the	O
point	O
of	O
maximum	O
curvature	O
on	O
the	O
deflation	O
limb	B-ANAT
of	O
the	O
pressure	O
-	O
volume	O
curve	O
(	O
26	O
+/-	O

Positioning	O
the	O
patient	O
with	O
the	O
""""	O
good	O
lung	B-ANAT
down	O
""""	O
and	O
using	O
differential	O
ventilation	O
with	O
selective	O
positive	O
end	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
expiratory	I-PROC
pressure	O
are	O
the	O
two	O
currently	O
accepted	O
ventilatory	O
strategies	O
to	O
be	O
applied	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
unilateral	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
.	O

To	O
determine	O
the	O
lag	O
between	O
T	B-ANAT
-	I-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
priming	O
and	O
optimal	O
activity	O
within	O
the	O
CNS	B-CHED
,	O
the	O
accumulation	O
of	O
virus	B-SPEC
-	O
specific	O
CD8	B-PRGE
+	I-PRGE
T	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
in	O
the	O
CNS	B-CHED
relative	O
to	O
that	O
in	O
peripheral	O
lymphoid	B-ANAT
organs	I-ANAT
was	O
assessed	O
by	O
using	O
gamma	O
interferon	B-PRGE
-	O
specific	O
ELISPOT	O
assays	O
and	O
class	B-SPEC
I	O
tetramer	O
staining	O
.	O

Virus	B-SPEC
-	O
specific	O
CD8	B-PRGE
+	I-PRGE
T	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
were	O
first	O
detected	O
in	O
the	O
cervical	B-ANAT
lymph	I-ANAT
nodes	I-ANAT
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
The	O
use	O
of	O
corticosteroids	B-CHED
in	O
severe	B-DISO
sepsis	I-DISO
and	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

Here	O
,	O
we	O
outline	O
the	O
effects	O
of	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
on	O
injured	O
lungs	B-ANAT
and	O
explore	O
the	O
underlying	O
mechanisms	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
is	O
a	O
manifestation	O
of	O
acute	O
injury	O
to	O
the	O
lung	O
,	O
commonly	O
resulting	O
from	O
sepsis	B-DISO
,	O
trauma	O
,	O
and	O
severe	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
.	O

The	O
management	O
of	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
frequently	O
requires	O
endotracheal	O
intubation	O
and	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
.	O

Timely	O
correction	O
of	O
the	O
inciting	O
clinical	O
condition	B-DISO
is	O
essential	O
for	O
preventing	O
further	O
injury	O
.	O

Bacterial	O
invasion	O
and	O
toxicity	O
of	O
outer	B-COMP
membrane	I-COMP
with	O
generation	O
of	O
cytokines	O
,	O
chemokines	O
,	O
and	O
cellular	B-PROC
infiltration	B-DISO
are	O
important	O
in	O
cellular	B-COMP
injury	O
.	O

The	O
results	O
of	O
this	O
new	O
method	O
were	O
compared	O
with	O
in	O
situ	O
hybridization	B-PROC
.	O

Blood	B-PROC
gas	B-ENZY
measurements	O
were	O
obtained	O
10	O
-	O
15	O
mins	O
after	O
initiation	O
or	O
any	O
increase	O
in	O
INO	O
dosage	O
to	O
assess	O
the	O
effect	O
on	O
Pao2	O
/	O
Fio2	O
.	O

Arterial	B-ANAT
blood	I-ANAT
gases	O
and	O
ventilator	O
settings	O
were	O
recorded	O
at	O
four	O
time	O
points	O
:	O
during	O
conventional	O
ventilation	O
just	O
before	O
initiating	O
high	O
-	O
frequency	O
oscillatory	O
ventilation	O
,	O
during	O
high	O
-	O
frequency	O
oscillatory	O
ventilation	O
just	O
before	O
initiating	O
INO	O
,	O
after	O
30	O
mins	O
on	O
the	O
optimal	O
dose	O
of	O
INO	O
,	O
and	O
8	O
-	O
12	O
hrs	B-DISO
after	O
starting	O
INO	O
.	O

In	O
addition	O
,	O
specific	O
markers	O
may	O
be	O
useful	O
for	O
predicting	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
or	O
for	O
assessing	O
prognosis	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Safety	O
of	O
percutaneous	O
dilational	O
tracheostomy	O
in	O
patients	O
ventilated	O
with	O
high	O
positive	O
end	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
expiratory	I-PROC
pressure	O
(	O
PEEP	B-CHED
).	O

In	O
the	O
high	O
PEEP	B-CHED
group	O
the	O
PaO	B-PROC
(	O
2	O
)/	O
FIO	O
(	O
2	O
)	O
ratio	O
was	O
lower	O
(	O
243	O
+/-	O
90	O
vs	O
285	O
+/-	O
78	O
mmHg	O
)	O
and	O
PaCO	O
(	O
2	O
)	O
higher	O
(	O
45	O
+/-	O
9	O
.	O
4	O
vs	O
39	O
+/-	O
7	O
.	O
1	O
mmHg	O
)	O
when	O
compared	O
to	O
the	O
low	O
PEEP	B-CHED
group	O
.	O

Bronchoscopically	O
guided	O
PDT	B-CHED
in	O
our	O
patients	O
on	O
high	O
PEEP	B-CHED
did	O
not	O
jeopardise	O
oxygenation	B-PROC
1	O
h	O
and	O
24	O
h	O
following	O
PDT	B-CHED
.	O

The	O
estimated	O
yearly	O
incidence	O
rate	O
of	O
KS	O
among	O
HHV	B-SPEC
-	O
positive	O
persons	O
was	O
twice	O
as	O
high	O
in	O
men	O
(	O
1	O
:	O
2200	O
)	O
as	O
in	O
women	O
(	O
1	O
:	O
4110	O
).	O

The	O
immunoglobulins	O
are	O
chicken	B-PRGE
N	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
terminal	I-PRGE
S2	I-PRGE
peplomeric	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
-	I-PRGE
specific	I-PRGE
IgG	I-PRGE
isolated	O
by	O
immunoaffinity	O
chromatography	O
on	O
synthetic	O
peptide	B-CHED
coupled	O
to	O
CNBr	O
-	O
activated	O
Sepharose	B-CHED
4B	O
or	O
rabbit	B-PRGE
polyclonal	I-PRGE
IgG	I-PRGE
purified	O
from	O
the	O
serum	B-COMP
using	O
Protein	B-PRGE
A	I-PRGE
Sepharose	B-CHED
4B	I-PRGE
.	O

The	O
relative	O
sensitivity	O
of	O
the	O
test	O
ranged	O
between	O
10	O
(	O
5	O
)	O
and	O
10	O
(	O
6	O
)	O
median	O
egg	B-ANAT
infectious	B-DISO
doses	O
(	O
EID	O
(	O
50	O
))	O
for	O
chicken	B-SPEC
IgG	B-PRGE
and	O
between	O
10	O
(	O
3	O
)	O
and	O
10	O
(	O
4	O
)	O
EID	O
(	O
50	O
)	O
for	O
rabbit	B-PRGE
IgG	I-PRGE
,	O
depending	O
on	O
the	O
test	O
strain	O
.	O

We	O
then	O
examined	O
the	O
-	O
372	O
to	O
-	O
306	O
sequence	O
within	O
the	O
1	O
.	O
3	O
-	O
kb	O
fgl2	B-PRGE
promoter	O
region	O
upstream	O
from	O
the	O
transcription	B-PROC
start	O
site	O
that	O
was	O
previously	O
identified	O
as	O
necessary	O
for	O
N	O
protein	B-CHED
-	O
induced	O
gene	B-PROC
transcription	I-PROC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Clinical	O
presentation	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
anemia	I-DISO
in	O
pediatric	O
patients	O
with	O
sickle	B-DISO
cell	I-DISO
anemia	B-SPEC
seen	O
in	O
Enugu	O
,	O
Nigeria	O
.	O

Caregivers	O
need	O
to	O
be	O
educated	O
on	O
how	O
to	O
recognize	O
anemia	B-DISO
among	O
patients	O
with	O
sickle	B-DISO
cell	I-DISO
anemia	B-SPEC
when	O
they	O
develop	O
febrile	B-PROC
episodes	O
.	O

Her	O
chest	B-ANAT
radiograph	O
revealed	O
consolidation	O
in	O
the	O
right	B-ANAT
lung	I-ANAT
.	O

She	O
was	O
diagnosed	O
as	O
M	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
pneumoniae	I-SPEC
pneumonia	B-DISO
with	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
and	O
treated	O
with	O
clarithromycin	B-CHED
and	O
methylprednisolone	B-CHED
.	O

However	O
,	O
the	O
clinical	O
courses	O
of	O
twin	O
sisters	O
,	O
who	O
should	O
be	O
very	O
similar	O
in	O
their	O
immune	B-PROC
response	I-PROC
to	O
the	O
same	O
antigen	B-CHED
,	O
were	O
very	O
different	O
from	O
each	O
other	O
.	O

These	O
results	O
emphasized	O
the	O
importance	O
of	O
early	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
the	O
patients	O
with	O
M	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
pneumoniae	I-SPEC
pneumonia	B-DISO
and	O
the	O
adequate	O
chemotherapy	O
to	O
prevent	O
developing	O
severe	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Oleic	O
acid	O
-	O
induced	O
hypoxemia	O
is	O
an	O
animal	B-SPEC
model	O
of	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
).	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
measure	O
local	O
(	O
peritoneal	O
fluid	O
)	O
and	O
systemic	O
(	O
plasma	B-ANAT
)	O
cytokine	O
profiles	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
infection	B-DISO
-	O
inflammation	B-DISO
of	O
the	O
vermiform	B-ANAT
appendix	I-ANAT
,	O
a	O
relatively	O
mild	O
,	O
localized	O
inflammatory	O
process	O
.	O

Peritoneal	B-ANAT
fluid	I-ANAT
(	O
PF	O
)	O
was	O
obtained	O
by	O
intraoperative	O
lavage	O
.	O

Patient	O
plasma	B-ANAT
inhibited	O
LPS	B-DISO
-	O
induced	O
stimulation	O
of	O
a	O
monocyte	B-ANAT
cell	B-ANAT
line	I-ANAT
,	O
and	O
this	O
inhibition	B-PROC
was	O
accentuated	O
by	O
complicated	O
disease	O
.	O

Patient	O
plasma	B-ANAT
inhibited	O
LPS	B-DISO
-	O
induced	O
stimulation	O
of	O
a	O
monocyte	B-ANAT
cell	B-ANAT
line	I-ANAT
,	O
and	O
this	O
inhibition	B-PROC
was	O
accentuated	O
by	O
complicated	O
disease	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Perforin	B-PRGE
-	O
mediated	O
effector	B-CHED
function	O
within	O
the	O
central	B-ANAT
nervous	I-ANAT
system	I-ANAT
requires	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
gamma	I-PRGE
-	O
mediated	O
MHC	O
up	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
regulation	I-PROC
.	O

Untreated	O
PKO	O
/	O
GKO	O
mice	B-SPEC
were	O
unable	O
to	O
control	O
the	O
infection	B-DISO
and	O
died	B-PROC
of	O
lethal	O
encephalomyelitis	B-DISO
within	O
16	O
days	O
,	O
despite	O
substantially	O
higher	O
CD8	B-PRGE
(+)	O
T	B-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
accumulation	O
in	O
the	O
CNS	B-CHED
compared	O
with	O
controls	O
.	O

The	O
data	O
further	O
imply	O
that	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
gamma	I-PRGE
plays	O
a	O
crucial	O
role	O
in	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
by	O
regulating	O
the	O
balance	B-PROC
between	O
virus	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
in	O
oligodendrocytes	B-ANAT
,	O
CD8	B-PRGE
(+)	O
T	B-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
effector	B-CHED
function	O
,	O
and	O
demyelination	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Neutrophils	B-ANAT
promote	O
mononuclear	B-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
infiltration	B-DISO
during	O
viral	O
-	O
induced	O
encephalitis	B-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Alcohol	O
is	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
most	O
commonly	O
used	O
drugs	O
in	O
the	O
world	O
and	O
causes	O
dysfunction	O
in	O
many	O
vital	O
organs	B-ANAT
.	O

The	O
incidence	O
of	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
distress	O
syndrome	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
a	O
positive	O
history	O
of	O
chronic	B-DISO
alcohol	I-DISO
abuse	I-DISO
was	O
70	O
%	O
(	O
46	O
of	O
66	O
),	O
compared	O
with	O
31	O
%	O
(	O
47	O
of	O
154	O
)	O
in	O
individuals	O
without	O
a	O
history	O
of	O
chronic	B-DISO
alcohol	I-DISO
abuse	I-DISO
(	O
p	O
<	O
.	O
001	O
).	O

Mixed	O
breed	B-PROC
sheep	B-SPEC
.	O

Sheep	B-SPEC
in	O
both	O
groups	O
progressively	O
deteriorated	O
and	O
died	B-PROC
with	O
cardiocirculatory	O
failure	O
and	O
multiple	B-DISO
system	I-DISO
organ	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
within	O
12	O
-	O
24	O
hrs	B-DISO
from	O
start	O
of	O
treatment	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Population	O
dynamics	O
of	O
sealworm	B-SPEC
,	O
Pseudoterranova	B-SPEC
decipienssensu	O
lato	O
,	O
in	O
sculpins	B-SPEC
,	O
Myoxocephalus	B-SPEC
scorpius	I-SPEC
,	O
from	O
two	O
areas	O
in	O
Norway	O
between	O
1990	O
and	O
1996	O
.	O

When	O
correcting	O
for	O
size	O
differences	O
,	O
young	O
sculpins	B-SPEC
(	O
2	O
-	O
4	O
years	O
)	O
from	O
Torbjørnskjaer	O
had	O
higher	O
abundances	O
than	O
those	O
from	O
Vega	O
,	O
while	O
in	O
old	O
sculpins	B-SPEC
(	O
5	O
-	O
7	O
years	O
)	O
the	O
abundances	O
seemed	O
similar	O
and	O
stabilised	O
.	O

We	O
report	O
here	O
a	O
29	O
-	O
year	O
-	O
old	O
man	B-CHED
with	O
chronic	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
thromboembolism	I-DISO
(	O
CPTE	O
).	O

Preoperative	O
examination	O
showed	O
high	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
artery	I-ANAT
pressure	O
(	O
85	O
/	O
41	O
,	O
mean	O
50	O
mmHg	O
),	O
and	O
high	O
pulmonary	B-PROC
vascular	B-ANAT
resistance	I-PROC
predicted	O
poor	O
postoperative	O
course	O
.	O

We	O
conclude	O
that	O
recruitment	B-DISO
maneuver	O
and	O
high	O
PEEP	B-CHED
may	O
be	O
useful	O
for	O
RPE	B-ANAT
developed	O
after	O
PTE	B-PRGE
.	O

Moreover	O
,	O
these	O
molecules	O
also	O
regulate	O
T	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
cell	I-PROC
activation	I-PROC
and	O
differentiation	B-PROC
following	O
antigenic	O
stimulation	O
.	O

CCL3	B-CHED
(-/-)	O
mice	B-SPEC
infected	O
with	O
mouse	B-DISO
hepatitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
exhibited	O
a	O
significant	O
reduction	O
of	O
virus	B-SPEC
-	O
specific	O
CD8	B-PRGE
(+)	O
T	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
within	O
the	O
CNS	B-CHED
,	O
correlating	O
with	O
delayed	O
viral	O
clearance	O
.	O

These	O
results	O
suggest	O
that	O
CCL3	B-PRGE
not	O
only	O
mediates	O
macrophage	B-PROC
chemotaxis	I-PROC
but	O
also	O
significantly	O
enhances	O
differentiation	B-PROC
of	O
primed	O
CD8	B-PRGE
(+)	O
T	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
into	O
effector	B-CHED
cells	B-COMP
and	O
their	O
release	B-PATH
into	O
circulation	B-PROC
,	O
thus	O
potentiating	O
effective	O
migration	B-PROC
to	O
the	O
site	O
of	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
genome	O
of	O
the	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
transmissible	O
gastroenteritis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
)	O
has	O
been	O
engineered	O
as	O
an	O
expression	B-PROC
vector	O
with	O
an	O
infectious	B-DISO
cDNA	O
.	O

These	O
results	O
demonstrated	O
that	O
IBV	B-SPEC
specific	O
CD8	B-PRGE
(+)	O
memory	B-PROC
T	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
generated	O
at	O
3	O
to	O
6	O
weeks	O
p	O
.	O
i	O
.	O

Chronic	O
lung	B-DISO
transplant	B-PROC
rejection	I-PROC
Bronchiolitis	B-DISO
obliterans	I-DISO
(	O
BO	O
)	O
is	O
an	O
inflammatory	O
process	O
that	O
leads	O
to	O
fibrous	O
scarring	B-DISO
of	O
the	O
terminal	O
and	O
respiratory	B-ANAT
bronchioles	I-ANAT
and	O
subsequent	O
total	O
occlusion	B-DISO
of	O
the	O
airways	O
.	O

BO	O
is	O
an	O
alloimmune	O
phenomenon	O
,	O
aggravated	O
by	O
airway	B-ANAT
ischemia	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
infection	B-DISO
but	O
predicted	O
by	O
frequent	O
and	O
severe	O
acute	O
vascular	B-ANAT
rejection	O
.	O

Airway	B-ANAT
neutrophilia	O
,	O
and	O
activation	O
of	O
neutrophilis	O
with	O
release	B-PATH
of	O
their	O
granules	O
into	O
the	O
airway	B-ANAT
is	O
a	O
precursor	O
of	O
progressive	O
BO	O
.	O

Loss	O
of	O
normal	O
protective	O
mechanisms	O
--	O
leukocyte	B-ANAT
antiproteases	O
--	O
against	O
this	O
oxidative	O
insult	O
may	O
be	O
an	O
integral	O
part	O
of	O
disease	B-DISO
progression	I-DISO
.	O

To	O
date	O
treatment	O
of	O
BOS	B-DISO
is	O
infrequently	O
successful	O
.	O

To	O
investigate	O
the	O
role	O
of	O
VEGF	B-PRGE
in	O
progressively	O
impaired	B-DISO
lung	B-PROC
function	I-PROC
as	O
the	O
major	O
complication	B-DISO
and	O
cause	O
of	O
death	B-PROC
in	O
septic	O
patients	O
.	O

The	O
changes	O
in	O
blood	B-PROC
gas	B-ENZY
dynamics	O
,	O
blood	B-PROC
gas	B-ENZY
acid	O
-	O
base	O
status	O
and	O
electrolytes	O
,	O
along	O
with	O
the	O
histological	O
changes	O
in	O
the	O
lung	B-ANAT
tissues	I-ANAT
were	O
comparatively	O
analyzed	O
between	O
the	O
3	O
groups	O
.	O

In	O
all	O
the	O
groups	O
,	O
obvious	O
lung	B-ANAT
tissue	I-ANAT
injuries	O
were	O
observed	O
under	O
optical	O
microscope	O
after	O
seawater	O
perfusion	O
.	O

Observation	O
with	O
electron	O
microscope	O
revealed	O
injuries	O
to	O
type	O
II	O
alveolar	B-ANAT
epithelial	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
,	O
broadened	O
respiratory	O
mucosa	B-ANAT
,	O
and	O
platelet	B-ANAT
adherence	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
The	O
values	O
of	O
PaO	B-PROC
(	O
2	O
),	O
PaCO	O
(	O
2	O
),	O
pH	O
,	O
actual	O
bicarbonate	B-CHED
(	O
AB	O
),	O
base	O
excess	O
(	O
BE	O
),	O
tidal	O
volume	O
,	O
and	O
respiration	B-PROC
rate	O
in	O
groups	O
A	O
and	O
R	O
were	O
significantly	O
different	O
from	O
those	O
in	O
group	O
D	O
(	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
01	O
),	O
and	O
in	O
groups	O
A	O
and	O
R	O
,	O
the	O
above	O
measurements	O
at	O
every	O
stage	O
after	O
seawater	O
perfusion	O
were	O
significantly	O
different	O
from	O
those	O
before	O
perfusion	O
(	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
01	O
).	O

During	O
48	O
hours	O
,	O
control	O
sheep	B-SPEC
developed	O
multiple	O
signs	O
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

These	O
pathologies	O
were	O
associated	O
with	O
a	O
large	O
increase	O
in	O
tracheal	O
blood	O
flow	O
and	O
elevated	O
plasma	B-ANAT
NO2	B-CHED
-/	O
NO3	B-CHED
-	O
(	O
NOx	O
)	O
levels	O
.	O

These	O
variables	O
were	O
all	O
stable	O
in	O
sham	O
animals	B-SPEC
.	O

Improved	O
understanding	O
of	O
disease	O
heterogeneity	O
through	O
use	O
of	O
evolving	O
biologic	O
,	O
genomic	O
,	O
and	O
genetic	O
approaches	O
should	O
provide	O
major	O
new	O
insights	O
into	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
of	O
ALI	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Switching	O
species	B-SPEC
tropism	B-PROC
:	O
an	O
effective	O
way	O
to	O
manipulate	O
the	O
feline	B-SPEC
coronavirus	B-SPEC
genome	O
.	O

Viral	O
recrudescence	O
is	O
prevented	O
by	O
the	O
transfer	O
of	O
antiviral	B-CHED
antibody	B-COMP
(	O
Ab	O
).	O

Nonneutralizing	O
monoclonal	O
Abs	O
specific	O
for	O
the	O
spike	O
,	O
matrix	O
,	O
and	O
nucleocapsid	B-COMP
proteins	B-CHED
did	O
not	O
prevent	O
recrudescence	O
,	O
demonstrating	O
that	O
neutralization	O
is	O
critical	O
for	O
maintaining	O
JHM	O
mouse	O
hepatitis	O
virus	B-SPEC
persistence	O
within	O
the	O
central	B-ANAT
nervous	I-ANAT
system	I-ANAT
.	O

Furthermore	O
,	O
neutralizing	O
Ab	O
delayed	O
but	O
did	O
not	O
prevent	O
virus	B-SPEC
recrudescence	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Recombinant	O
murine	O
coronaviruses	O
,	O
differing	O
only	O
in	O
the	O
spike	O
gene	O
and	O
containing	O
the	O
strain	O
A59	O
(	O
moderately	O
hepatotropic	O
)	O
and	O
JHM	O
(	O
neurotropic	O
)	O
spike	O
genes	O
in	O
the	O
background	O
of	O
the	O
JHM	O
genome	O
,	O
were	O
compared	O
for	O
the	O
ability	O
to	O
replicate	O
in	O
the	O
liver	B-ANAT
and	O
induce	O
hepatitis	B-DISO
in	O
weanling	O
C57BL	O
/	O
6	O
mice	B-SPEC
.	O

Lung	B-ANAT
protective	O
ventilation	O
is	O
accepted	O
as	O
a	O
proven	O
therapy	O
and	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
positive	O
end	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
expiratory	I-PROC
pressure	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
spontaneous	O
breathing	B-PROC
during	O
controlled	O
ventilation	O
are	O
common	O
therapies	O
.	O

Recent	O
work	O
has	O
also	O
demonstrated	O
that	O
activated	O
bystander	O
CD8	B-PRGE
T	I-PRGE
cells	O
mediate	O
significant	O
demyelination	B-DISO
.	O

These	O
results	O
suggest	O
that	O
CD4	B-PRGE
T	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
must	O
recognize	O
antigen	B-CHED
in	O
the	O
CNS	B-CHED
in	O
order	B-SPEC
to	O
cause	O
demyelination	B-DISO
.	O

DNA	O
fragments	O
of	O
228	O
and	O
400	O
base	B-FUNC
pairs	I-FUNC
in	O
length	O
were	O
amplified	O
among	O
IBV	B-SPEC
isolates	O
in	O
multiplex	O
PCR	O
,	O
suggesting	O
that	O
there	O
were	O
no	O
apparent	O
deletions	O
or	O
insertions	O
in	O
these	O
regions	O
.	O

The	O
most	O
common	O
presenting	O
symptoms	O
were	O
fever	B-PROC
(	O
in	O
100	O
percent	O
of	O
cases	O
)	O
and	O
malaise	B-DISO
(	O
in	O
70	O
percent	O
),	O
followed	O
by	O
nonproductive	B-DISO
cough	I-DISO
(	O
in	O
100	O
percent	O
)	O
and	O
dyspnea	B-DISO
(	O
in	O
80	O
percent	O
)	O
associated	O
with	O
infiltrates	B-DISO
on	O
chest	B-ANAT
radiography	O
(	O
in	O
100	O
percent	O
).	O

The	O
role	O
of	O
human	B-SPEC
metapneumovirus	I-SPEC
,	O
a	O
novel	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
,	O
or	O
both	O
requires	O
further	O
investigation	O
.	O

Fever	B-PROC
followed	O
by	O
rapidly	O
progressive	O
respiratory	O
compromise	O
is	O
the	O
key	O
complex	O
of	O
signs	B-DISO
and	I-DISO
symptoms	I-DISO
from	O
which	O
the	O
syndrome	B-DISO
derives	O
its	O
name	B-SPEC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Ogilvie	B-DISO
'	I-DISO
s	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
--	O
acute	O
colonic	B-DISO
pseudo	I-DISO
-	I-DISO
obstruction	I-DISO
.	O

The	O
diagnosis	O
was	O
determined	O
by	O
confirming	O
an	O
increase	O
of	O
specific	O
antibody	B-COMP
.	O

All	O
patients	O
were	O
treated	O
with	O
minocycline	B-CHED
,	O
and	O
all	O
recovered	O
,	O
excluding	O
one	O
patient	O
with	O
a	O
fulminant	O
course	O
.	O

The	O
creatine	B-PRGE
kinase	I-PRGE
(	O
CK	O
)	O
value	O
was	O
high	O
in	O
14	O
of	O
22	O
patients	O
,	O
suggesting	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
myositis	B-DISO
.	O

She	O
was	O
found	O
to	O
have	O
extravasated	O
a	O
9	O
-	O
cm	O
x	O
9	O
-	O
cm	O
pocket	O
of	O
hyperalimentation	B-DISO
into	O
the	O
liver	B-ANAT
parenchyma	I-ANAT
,	O
most	O
likely	O
caused	O
by	O
arterial	B-ANAT
placement	O
of	O
the	O
PICC	O
.	O

No	O
clinical	O
signs	O
or	O
microscopic	O
lesions	O
were	O
observed	O
in	O
control	O
pigs	B-SPEC
that	O
had	O
not	O
been	O
inoculated	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
A	O
major	O
outbreak	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
in	O
Hong	O
Kong	O
.	O

Peripheral	O
air	B-CHED
-	O
space	O
consolidation	O
was	O
commonly	O
observed	O
on	O
thoracic	B-DISO
computed	O
tomographic	O
scanning	O
.	O

SARS	B-DISO
is	O
a	O
serious	O
respiratory	O
illness	O
that	O
led	O
to	O
significant	O
morbidity	O
and	O
mortality	O
in	O
our	O
cohort	O
.	O

A	O
summary	O
of	O
published	O
medical	O
literature	O
from	O
MEDLINE	O
search	O
files	O
and	O
other	O
reviews	O
published	O
concerning	O
chronic	B-DISO
alcohol	I-DISO
abuse	I-DISO
and	O
critical	B-DISO
illness	I-DISO
.	O

More	O
importantly	O
,	O
similar	O
changes	O
have	O
been	O
reported	O
in	O
humans	B-SPEC
with	O
a	O
history	O
of	O
chronic	B-DISO
alcohol	I-DISO
abuse	I-DISO
.	O

The	O
National	O
Heart	B-ANAT
,	O
Lung	B-ANAT
,	O
and	O
Blood	B-ANAT
Institute	O
'	O
s	O
ARDS	B-DISO
Network	O
currently	O
is	O
testing	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
methylprednisolone	B-CHED
in	O
late	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

It	O
is	O
also	O
unclear	O
whether	O
such	O
a	O
response	O
,	O
if	O
present	O
,	O
predisposes	O
patients	O
to	O
ongoing	O
lung	B-DISO
inflammation	I-DISO
and	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
late	O
fibroproliferative	O
ARDS	B-DISO
,	O
or	O
if	O
it	O
is	O
predictive	O
of	O
a	O
beneficial	O
response	O
to	O
steroids	B-CHED
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Anticoagulant	B-CHED
therapy	O
in	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
.	O

In	O
the	O
lung	B-ANAT
,	O
alveolar	B-ANAT
and	O
interstitial	B-ANAT
fibrin	B-DISO
deposition	I-DISO
are	O
the	O
hallmarks	O
of	O
early	O
phase	O
ALI	O
.	O

Finally	O
,	O
plasminogen	B-PROC
activators	I-PROC
may	O
improve	O
gas	B-ENZY
exchange	O
in	O
ALI	O
,	O
but	O
studies	O
in	O
humans	B-SPEC
are	O
limited	O
.	O

In	O
the	O
CMV	B-SPEC
group	O
,	O
these	O
deleterious	O
conditions	O
remained	O
during	O
the	O
4	O
-	O
hr	O
observation	O
period	O
,	O
and	O
severe	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
was	O
noted	O
histologically	O
.	O

All	O
treatment	O
groups	O
demonstrated	O
a	O
significant	O
increase	O
in	O
Pao	B-PROC
(	O
2	O
)	O
compared	O
with	O
the	O
CMV	B-SPEC
group	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
In	O
1914	O
,	O
Schottmueller	O
wrote	O
""""	O
Septicemia	O
is	O
a	O
state	O
of	O
microbial	O
invasion	B-DISO
from	O
a	O
portal	B-ANAT
of	O
entry	O
into	O
the	O
blood	B-ANAT
stream	O
which	O
causes	O
signs	O
of	O
illness	O
.	O

This	O
review	O
will	O
highlight	O
and	O
discuss	O
recent	O
advances	O
in	O
the	O
pathophysiology	O
and	O
management	O
of	O
sepsis	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
current	O
study	O
was	O
carried	O
out	O
to	O
investigate	O
the	O
combined	O
antiviral	B-CHED
effect	O
in	O
a	O
model	O
of	O
mouse	B-DISO
hepatitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
Type	O
2	O
(	O
MHV	B-SPEC
-	O
2	O
)	O
infection	B-DISO
,	O
in	O
which	O
fulminant	B-DISO
hepatitis	I-DISO
is	O
developed	O
.	O

This	O
is	O
consistent	O
with	O
the	O
lower	O
levels	O
of	O
hepatocellular	B-PRGE
necrosis	I-PRGE
and	I-PRGE
serum	B-COMP
ALT	B-FUNC
and	O
the	O
decreased	O
titers	O
of	O
MHV	B-SPEC
-	O
2	O
virus	B-SPEC
in	O
the	O
liver	B-ANAT
tissues	I-ANAT
(	O
48	O
hr	O
,	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
001	O
;	O
72	O
hr	O
,	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
001	O
).	O

SARS	B-DISO
is	O
thought	O
to	O
be	O
caused	O
by	O
an	O
unknown	O
infectious	B-DISO
agent	O
.	O

Infected	O
patients	O
showed	O
seroconversion	O
on	O
the	O
Vero	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
in	O
which	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
was	O
isolated	O
.	O

Recent	O
evidence	O
suggests	O
that	O
cross	O
-	O
reactivity	O
represents	O
the	O
inherent	O
nature	O
of	O
the	O
T	B-ANAT
-	I-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
repertoire	O
.	O

CD8	B-PRGE
(+)	O
T	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
reacting	O
to	O
the	O
HLA	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
A2	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
presented	I-PRGE
peptide	B-CHED
from	I-PRGE
HPV16	I-PRGE
E7	I-PRGE
(	O
11	O
-	O
19	O
(	O
20	O
))	O
recognized	O
also	O
the	O
HLA	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
A2	I-PRGE
binding	B-FUNC
peptide	B-CHED
TMLDIQPED	O
(	O
amino	B-CHED
acids	I-CHED
52	O
to	O
60	O
)	O
from	O
the	O
human	B-PRGE
coronavirus	I-PRGE
OC43	I-PRGE
NS2	B-DISO
gene	I-PRGE
product	I-PRGE
.	O

Establishment	O
of	O
coronavirus	O
NS2	B-DISO
-	O
specific	O
,	O
HLA	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
A2	I-PRGE
-	O
restricted	O
CD8	B-PRGE
(+)-	O
T	O
-	O
cell	B-ANAT
clones	I-ANAT
and	O
ex	O
vivo	O
analysis	O
of	O
HPV16	O
E7	O
specific	O
T	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
obtained	O
by	O
HLA	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
A2	I-PRGE
tetramer	I-PRGE
-	O
guided	O
sorting	B-PROC
from	O
PBL	O
or	O
tumor	B-ANAT
-	I-ANAT
infiltrating	B-DISO
lymphocytes	I-ANAT
obtained	O
from	O
patients	O
with	O
cervical	B-DISO
cancer	B-SPEC
showed	O
that	O
cross	O
-	O
reactivity	O
with	O
HPV16	O
E7	O
(	O
11	O
-	O
19	O
(	O
20	O
))	O
and	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
NS2	B-DISO
(	O
52	O
-	O
60	O
)	O
represents	O
a	O
common	O
feature	O
of	O
this	O
antiviral	B-CHED
immune	B-PROC
response	I-PROC
defined	O
by	O
cytokine	B-PROC
production	I-PROC
.	O

These	O
data	O
imply	O
that	O
the	O
measurement	O
of	O
the	O
HPV16	O
E7	O
(	O
11	O
-	O
19	O
(	O
20	O
))	O
CD8	B-PRGE
(+)-	O
T	B-ANAT
-	I-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
response	O
may	O
reflect	O
cross	O
-	O
reactivity	O
with	O
a	O
common	O
pathogen	O
and	O
that	O
variant	O
peptides	B-CHED
may	O
be	O
employed	O
to	O
drive	O
an	O
effective	O
cellular	B-PROC
immune	I-PROC
response	I-PROC
against	O
HPV	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Control	O
of	O
communicable	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
.	O

The	O
existing	O
regulations	O
are	O
outdated	O
and	O
do	O
not	O
address	O
communicable	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
that	O
currently	O
pose	O
a	O
substantial	O
public	O
health	O
threat	O
.	O

At	O
the	O
hospitals	O
where	O
the	O
first	O
cases	O
were	O
treated	O
the	O
disease	O
spread	O
quickly	O
among	O
healthcare	O
workers	O
,	O
and	O
then	O
out	O
into	O
the	O
community	O
as	O
family	B-SPEC
members	O
became	O
infected	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Transmissible	O
gastroenteritis	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
gene	O
7	O
is	O
not	O
essential	O
but	O
influences	O
in	O
vivo	O
virus	B-SPEC
replication	I-PROC
and	O
virulence	B-PROC
.	O

Examination	O
of	O
peripheral	B-ANAT
blood	I-ANAT
demonstrated	O
WBC	B-ANAT
6	O
.	O
2	O
x	O
10	O
(	O
9	O
)/	O
l	O
with	O
45	O
.	O
5	O
%	O
blasts	B-ANAT
at	O
admission	O
.	O

In	O
DS	O
patients	O
,	O
superfluous	O
toxicities	O
due	O
to	O
MTX	B-PRGE
and	O
AraC	O
treatment	O
have	O
been	O
reported	O
,	O
and	O
these	O
toxicities	O
have	O
been	O
considered	O
due	O
to	O
altered	O
pharmacokinetics	B-PROC
in	O
patients	O
with	O
DS	O
.	O

Public	O
health	O
measures	O
are	O
being	O
implemented	O
at	O
the	O
local	O
,	O
provincial	O
,	O
and	O
national	O
levels	O
to	O
identify	O
new	O
cases	O
and	O
prevent	O
secondary	B-DISO
transmission	I-DISO
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
An	O
outbreak	O
of	O
severe	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
has	O
been	O
reported	O
in	O
Hong	O
Kong	O
.	O

Patients	O
who	O
were	O
household	O
contacts	O
of	O
other	O
infected	O
people	O
and	O
had	O
older	O
age	O
,	O
lymphopenia	O
,	O
and	O
liver	B-DISO
dysfunction	I-DISO
were	O
associated	O
with	O
severe	O
disease	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Mechanical	O
transmission	O
of	O
turkey	B-SPEC
coronavirus	B-SPEC
by	O
domestic	O
houseflies	O
(	O
Musca	B-SPEC
domestica	I-SPEC
Linnaeaus	O
).	O

TCV	B-SPEC
was	O
detected	O
in	O
dissected	O
crops	B-ANAT
from	O
exposed	O
flies	B-SPEC
for	O
up	O
to	O
9	O
hr	O
postexposure	O
;	O
no	O
virus	B-SPEC
was	O
detected	O
in	O
crops	B-ANAT
of	O
sham	O
-	O
exposed	O
flies	B-SPEC
.	O

Animals	B-SPEC
were	O
ventilated	O
and	O
monitored	O
for	O
48	O
hours	O
.	O

We	O
tested	O
bronchoalveolar	O
lavage	O
(	O
BAL	B-ENZY
)	O
samples	O
obtained	O
from	O
HSCT	O
recipients	O
with	O
acute	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
infiltrates	I-DISO
for	O
HRV	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
122	O
)	O
and	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
n	O
=	O
46	O
)	O
by	O
reverse	O
-	O
transcriptase	B-PROC
polymerase	O
chain	O
reaction	O
.	O

D	O
-	O
RNA	O
CD	O
-	O
61	O
derived	O
from	O
the	O
avian	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
IBV	B-SPEC
)	O
was	O
used	O
as	O
an	O
RNA	O
vector	O
for	O
the	O
expression	B-PROC
of	O
chicken	B-PRGE
gamma	I-PRGE
interferon	I-PRGE
(	O
chIFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
gamma	I-PRGE
).	O

The	O
reported	O
SARS	B-DISO
cases	O
include	O
78	O
deaths	B-PROC
(	O
case	O
-	O
fatality	O
proportion	O
:	O
3	O
.	O
5	O
%).	O

This	O
report	O
summarizes	O
SARS	B-DISO
cases	O
among	O
U	O
.	O
S	O
.	O
residents	O
and	O
surveillance	O
and	O
prevention	O
activities	O
in	O
the	O
United	O
States	O
.	O

The	O
sequence	O
of	O
the	O
complete	O
genome	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
was	O
determined	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
initial	O
characterization	O
of	O
the	O
viral	B-COMP
genome	I-COMP
is	O
presented	O
in	O
this	O
report	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
The	O
Genome	O
sequence	O
of	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
associated	I-DISO
coronavirus	I-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
acute	O
intra	O
-	O
abdominal	O
hypertension	O
causes	O
profound	O
physiologic	O
abnormalities	O
,	O
both	O
within	O
and	O
outside	O
the	O
abdomen	B-ANAT
.	O

Infection	B-DISO
with	O
a	O
novel	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
has	O
been	O
implicated	O
as	O
a	O
possible	O
cause	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Severe	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
is	O
an	O
emerging	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
that	O
first	O
manifested	O
in	O
humans	B-SPEC
in	O
China	O
in	O
November	O
2002	O
and	O
has	O
subsequently	O
spread	O
worldwide	O
.	O

To	O
describe	O
the	O
clinical	O
characteristics	O
and	O
short	O
-	O
term	O
outcomes	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
in	O
the	O
first	O
large	O
group	O
of	O
patients	O
in	O
North	O
America	O
;	O
to	O
describe	O
how	O
these	O
patients	O
were	O
treated	O
and	O
the	O
variables	O
associated	O
with	O
poor	O
outcome	O
.	O

Common	O
laboratory	O
features	O
included	O
elevated	O
lactate	B-PRGE
dehydrogenase	I-PRGE
(	O
87	O
%),	O
hypocalcemia	B-DISO
(	O
60	O
%),	O
and	O
lymphopenia	B-DISO
(	O
54	O
%).	O

Testing	O
for	O
other	O
enteric	O
pathogens	O
was	O
performed	O
by	O
ADDL	B-PRGE
,	O
and	O
the	O
results	O
were	O
analyzed	O
with	O
the	O
BoTV	O
data	O
.	O

All	O
these	O
patients	O
were	O
Caucasians	O
and	O
presented	O
with	O
dyspnea	B-DISO
,	O
productive	B-DISO
cough	I-DISO
,	O
an	O
obstructive	O
or	O
mixed	O
impairment	O
on	O
pulmonary	B-PROC
function	I-PROC
tests	O
and	O
chest	B-ANAT
HRCT	O
features	O
strongly	O
suggesting	O
a	O
grade	O
II	O
to	O
IV	O
DPB	B-DISO
.	O

We	O
suggest	O
that	O
diseases	O
classified	O
as	O
IB	O
in	O
this	O
study	O
might	O
be	O
homogeneous	O
entities	O
which	O
are	O
clinically	O
and	O
radiologically	O
similar	O
to	O
DPB	B-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
We	O
did	O
a	O
case	O
-	O
control	O
study	O
in	O
five	O
Hong	O
Kong	O
hospitals	O
,	O
with	O
241	O
non	O
-	O
infected	O
and	O
13	O
infected	O
staff	O
with	O
documented	O
exposures	O
to	O
11	O
index	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
during	O
patient	O
care	O
.	O

Coagulopathy	B-DISO
is	O
usually	O
uncomplicated	O
and	O
early	O
CT	O
of	O
the	O
chest	B-ANAT
may	O
elucidate	O
hidden	O
lung	B-ANAT
changes	O
and	O
facilitate	O
a	O
rapid	O
diagnosis	O
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
Common	O
thin	O
-	O
section	O
CT	O
features	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
are	O
ground	O
-	O
glass	O
opacification	O
and	O
lower	O
lobe	B-ANAT
and	O
peripheral	O
distribution	O
.	O

The	O
disease	O
can	O
produce	O
a	O
severe	O
bilateral	B-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
,	O
with	O
progressive	O
hypoxemia	O
.	O

Two	O
principal	O
authors	O
met	B-CHED
with	O
core	O
team	O
members	O
and	O
mental	O
health	O
care	O
providers	O
at	O
Mount	O
Sinai	O
Hospital	O
,	O
Toronto	O
,	O
to	O
compile	O
retrospectively	O
descriptions	O
of	O
the	O
experiences	O
of	O
staff	O
and	O
patients	O
based	O
on	O
informal	O
observation	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
A	O
novel	O
coronavirus	O
has	O
been	O
identified	O
as	O
the	O
causative	O
agent	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
).	O

It	O
is	O
a	O
rare	O
,	O
but	O
rather	O
benign	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
edema	I-DISO
.	O

It	O
is	O
referred	O
to	O
under	O
the	O
term	O
SARS	B-DISO
.	O

Import	O
infections	B-DISO
appeared	O
in	O
many	O
other	O
parts	O
of	O
the	O
world	O
.	O

We	O
analysed	O
the	O
data	O
of	O
two	O
patients	O
with	O
SARS	B-DISO
and	O
one	O
suspected	O
patient	O
.	O

This	O
report	O
updates	O
information	O
on	O
reported	O
SARS	B-DISO
cases	O
worldwide	O
and	O
among	O
U	O
.	O
S	O
.	O
residents	O
and	O
summarizes	O
information	O
on	O
one	O
additional	O
case	O
with	O
laboratory	O
evidence	O
of	O
infection	B-DISO
with	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
associated	I-DISO
coronavirus	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
).	O

Mature	O
RCV	O
particles	O
were	O
distributed	O
around	O
the	O
ER	O
pools	O
,	O
cytoplasm	B-COMP
,	O
and	O
intercellular	B-COMP
space	I-COMP
,	O
and	O
the	O
RCVs	O
in	O
the	O
endosome	B-COMP
/	O
lysosome	B-COMP
were	O
devoid	O
of	O
the	O
envelop	O
and	O
nuclear	O
capsid	B-ANAT
.	O

The	O
Result	O
of	O
Blast	B-ANAT
shows	O
only	O
the	O
difference	O
in	O
one	O
nucleic	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
from	O
the	O
TOR2	B-PRGE
strain	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
associated	I-DISO
coronavirus	I-DISO
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Specific	O
fragments	O
were	O
amplified	O
from	O
the	O
sputum	O
samples	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
,	O
which	O
were	O
confirmed	O
by	O
DNA	O
cloning	O
and	O
sequencing	O
to	O
belong	O
to	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
associated	I-DISO
coronavirus	I-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Clinical	O
detection	O
of	O
polymerase	B-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
associated	I-DISO
coronavirus	I-DISO
].	O

Specific	O
amplicons	O
can	O
be	O
amplified	O
from	O
the	O
sputum	B-ANAT
samples	O
,	O
throat	B-ANAT
swab	I-ANAT
and	O
plasma	B-ANAT
of	O
most	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
,	O
and	O
8	O
were	O
random	O
selected	O
and	O
sequenced	O
.	O

The	O
BNI109	O
fragment	O
showed	O
75	O
%	O
homology	O
with	O
BCV	B-SPEC
and	O
MHV	B-SPEC
at	O
amino	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
level	O
.	O

Among	O
the	O
patients	O
with	O
a	O
nonruptured	O
aneurysm	B-DISO
,	O
two	O
deaths	B-PROC
(	O
9	O
.	O
1	O
%)	O
occurred	O
because	O
of	O
aorto	O
-	O
broncho	O
-	O
esophageal	O
fistulae	O
or	O
cardiac	O
arrest	O
due	O
to	O
severe	O
asthma	B-DISO
attack	I-DISO
within	O
30	O
days	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
other	O
three	O
hospital	O
deaths	B-PROC
were	O
due	O
to	O
aspiration	B-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
,	O
multiple	B-DISO
organ	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
with	O
preoperative	O
renal	B-ANAT
dysfunction	O
,	O
or	O
low	B-DISO
cardiac	I-DISO
output	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
due	O
to	O
perioperative	O
myocardial	B-DISO
infarction	I-DISO
.	O

SARS	B-DISO
may	O
well	O
be	O
a	O
zoonosis	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Genetic	O
diversity	O
of	O
a	O
canine	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
detected	O
in	O
pups	O
with	O
diarrhoea	B-DISO
in	O
Italy	O
.	O

The	O
evident	O
genetic	B-PROC
divergence	I-PROC
between	O
the	O
reference	O
CCoV	O
strains	O
and	O
the	O
newly	O
identified	O
Elmo	B-PRGE
/	I-PRGE
02	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
like	I-PRGE
CCoVs	I-PRGE
strongly	O
suggests	O
that	O
a	O
novel	O
genotype	O
of	O
CCoV	O
is	O
widespread	O
in	O
the	O
dog	B-SPEC
population	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
retrospectively	O
evaluate	O
the	O
radiographic	O
appearances	O
and	O
pattern	O
of	O
progression	O
of	O
severe	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
).	O

Initial	O
focal	O
air	B-CHED
-	O
space	O
opacity	B-DISO
in	O
44	O
of	O
59	O
patients	O
(	O
74	O
.	O
6	O
%)	O
progressed	O
to	O
unilateral	O
multifocal	O
or	O
bilateral	O
involvement	O
during	O
treatment	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
We	O
present	O
an	O
analysis	O
of	O
the	O
first	O
10	O
weeks	O
of	O
the	O
severe	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
epidemic	O
in	O
Hong	O
Kong	O
.	O

Excluding	O
SSEs	O
,	O
we	O
estimate	O
that	O
2	O
.	O
7	O
secondary	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
were	O
generated	O
per	O
case	O
on	O
average	O
at	O
the	O
start	O
of	O
the	O
epidemic	O
,	O
with	O
a	O
substantial	O
contribution	O
from	O
hospital	O
transmission	O
.	O

Transmission	O
rates	O
fell	O
during	O
the	O
epidemic	O
,	O
primarily	O
as	O
a	O
result	O
of	O
reductions	O
in	O
population	O
contact	O
rates	O
and	O
improved	O
hospital	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
control	O
,	O
but	O
also	O
because	O
of	O
more	O
rapid	O
hospital	O
attendance	O
by	O
symptomatic	O
individuals	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Hong	O
Kong	O
has	O
been	O
severely	O
affected	O
by	O
severe	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
).	O

The	O
severity	O
of	O
the	O
disease	O
,	O
combined	O
with	O
its	O
rapid	O
spread	O
along	O
international	O
air	B-CHED
-	O
travel	O
routes	O
,	O
prompted	O
WHO	O
to	O
set	O
up	O
a	O
network	O
of	O
scientists	O
from	O
11	O
laboratories	O
around	O
the	O
world	O
to	O
try	O
to	O
identify	O
the	O
causal	O
agent	O
and	O
develop	O
a	O
diagnostic	O
test	O
.	O

The	O
network	O
unites	O
laboratories	O
with	O
different	O
methods	O
and	O
capacities	O
to	O
rapidly	O
fulfil	O
all	O
postulates	O
for	O
establishing	O
a	O
virus	B-SPEC
as	O
the	O
cause	O
of	O
a	O
disease	O
.	O

Stem	B-ANAT
-	O
loop	O
III	O
is	O
presumed	O
to	O
function	O
in	O
the	O
positive	O
strand	O
,	O
but	O
its	O
strand	O
of	O
action	O
has	O
not	O
been	O
established	O
.	O

No	O
cases	O
of	O
secondary	B-DISO
transmission	I-DISO
were	O
identified	O
in	O
the	O
21	O
days	O
following	O
the	O
implementation	O
of	O
these	O
precautions	O
at	O
our	O
institution	O
.	O

In	O
the	O
hemorrhagic	B-DISO
shock	I-DISO
model	O
,	O
plasma	B-ANAT
concentrations	O
of	O
tumor	B-PRGE
necrosis	I-PRGE
factor	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
alpha	I-PRGE
,	O
interleukin	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
6	I-PRGE
,	O
and	O
macrophage	B-ANAT
inflammatory	O
protein	B-CHED
-	O
2	O
were	O
significantly	O
lower	O
and	O
interleukin	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
10	I-PRGE
was	O
significantly	O
higher	O
in	O
the	O
albumin	B-PRGE
-	O
treated	O
groups	O
compared	O
with	O
the	O
Ringer	O
'	O
s	O
lactate	B-CHED
-	O
treated	O
group	O
.	O

The	O
decreased	B-PROC
cytokine	I-PROC
production	I-PROC
was	O
associated	O
with	O
a	O
reduction	O
of	O
hydrogen	B-PROC
peroxide	I-PROC
formation	I-PROC
with	O
albumin	B-PRGE
resuscitation	O
.	O

We	O
conclude	O
that	O
resuscitation	O
with	O
albumin	B-PRGE
may	O
have	O
utility	O
in	O
reducing	O
ventilator	O
-	O
induced	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
after	O
hemorrhagic	B-DISO
shock	I-DISO
,	O
but	O
not	O
after	O
endotoxic	B-DISO
shock	I-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
A	O
new	O
coronavirus	O
has	O
been	O
implicated	O
as	O
the	O
causative	O
agent	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Treatment	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
with	O
convalescent	O
plasma	B-ANAT
.	O

This	O
report	O
is	O
of	O
a	O
hospital	O
medical	O
officer	O
with	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
In	O
most	O
severe	O
cases	O
of	O
the	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
distress	O
syndrome	O
,	O
veno	O
-	O
venous	B-ANAT
extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenation	B-PROC
(	O
ECMO	O
)	O
can	O
be	O
used	O
to	O
facilitate	O
gas	B-ENZY
exchange	O
.	O

The	O
DeltaStream	O
blood	B-ANAT
pump	O
is	O
a	O
small	O
-	O
sized	O
rotary	O
blood	B-ANAT
pump	O
that	O
may	O
reduce	O
extracorporeal	B-ANAT
blood	I-ANAT
volume	O
,	O
foreign	O
surfaces	O
,	O
contact	O
activation	O
of	O
the	O
coagulation	B-PROC
system	O
,	O
and	O
blood	B-ANAT
trauma	O
.	O

In	O
animals	B-SPEC
with	O
ALI	O
,	O
hemodynamics	B-PROC
remained	O
stable	O
and	O
gas	B-ENZY
transfer	O
across	O
the	O
extracorporeal	O
oxygenators	O
was	O
optimal	O
,	O
but	O
only	O
in	O
2	O
animals	B-SPEC
was	O
a	O
marked	O
increase	O
in	O
PaO2	O
observed	O
.	O

We	O
describe	O
the	O
clinical	O
,	O
laboratory	O
,	O
and	O
radiologic	O
features	O
of	O
the	O
index	O
patient	O
and	O
the	O
patient	O
'	O
s	O
initial	O
contacts	O
affected	O
with	O
probable	O
SARS	B-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Health	O
authorities	O
worldwide	O
,	O
especially	O
in	O
the	O
Asia	O
Pacific	O
region	O
,	O
are	O
seeking	O
effective	O
public	O
-	O
health	O
interventions	O
in	O
the	O
continuing	O
epidemic	O
of	O
severe	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
).	O

The	O
time	O
between	O
onset	O
of	O
symptoms	O
and	O
admission	O
to	O
hospital	O
did	O
not	O
alter	O
outcome	O
,	O
but	O
shorter	O
intervals	O
will	O
be	O
important	O
to	O
the	O
wider	O
population	O
by	O
restricting	O
the	O
infectious	B-DISO
period	O
before	O
patients	O
are	O
placed	O
in	O
quarantine	O
.	O

The	O
alveolar	B-ANAT
pneumocytes	B-ANAT
also	O
showed	O
cytomegaly	B-ANAT
with	O
granular	B-ANAT
amphophilic	O
cytoplasm	B-COMP
.	O

The	O
patient	O
for	O
whom	O
full	O
autopsy	O
was	O
done	O
had	O
atrophy	B-DISO
of	O
the	O
white	B-ANAT
pulp	I-ANAT
of	O
the	O
spleen	B-ANAT
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
cause	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
has	O
been	O
identified	O
as	O
a	O
new	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Survival	O
of	O
severe	O
ARDS	B-DISO
with	O
five	O
-	O
organ	B-ANAT
system	I-ANAT
failure	O
following	O
burns	O
and	O
inhalation	B-PROC
injury	O
in	O
a	O
15	O
-	O
year	O
-	O
old	O
patient	O
.	O

Case	O
report	O
of	O
a	O
patient	O
with	O
severe	O
inhalation	B-PROC
injury	O
and	O
burns	O
in	O
an	O
intensive	O
care	O
unit	O
setting	O
,	O
undergoing	O
cardiopulmonary	B-ANAT
resuscitation	O
(	O
CPR	B-ENZY
),	O
nitric	B-CHED
oxide	I-CHED
(	O
NO	O
)-	O
inhalation	B-PROC
,	O
surfactant	B-CHED
-,	O
kinetic	O
-,	O
and	O
urodilatin	O
-	O
therapy	O
.	O

A	O
15	O
-	O
year	O
-	O
old	O
male	O
presented	O
with	O
deep	O
dermal	O
and	O
full	O
thickness	O
thermal	O
injuries	O
involving	O
25	O
%	O
of	O
his	O
total	B-ANAT
body	I-ANAT
surface	I-ANAT
area	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Nutrition	O
support	O
in	O
the	O
severely	O
injured	O
trauma	O
patient	O
is	O
crucial	O
to	O
minimize	O
the	O
hypermetabolic	O
stress	B-PATH
response	I-PATH
.	O

Even	O
though	O
enteral	O
nutrition	B-PROC
is	O
the	O
preferred	O
method	O
of	O
feeding	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
not	O
always	O
feasible	O
after	O
multiple	O
trauma	O
.	O

On	O
post	O
-	O
trauma	O
day	O
27	O
,	O
bowel	B-ANAT
edema	B-DISO
was	O
significantly	O
less	O
,	O
and	O
a	O
nasoenteric	O
feeding	O
tube	O
was	O
placed	O
and	O
enteral	O
feeding	O
initiated	O
.	O

The	O
patient	O
did	O
well	O
and	O
was	O
eventually	O
extubated	O
and	O
eating	B-PROC
a	O
regular	O
diet	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
describe	O
an	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
occurring	O
after	O
chemotherapy	O
for	O
non	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
seminomatous	I-DISO
germ	I-DISO
-	I-DISO
cell	I-DISO
tumors	I-DISO
(	O
NSGCT	O
)	O
with	O
diffuse	O
lung	B-DISO
metastases	I-DISO
,	O
we	O
conducted	O
a	O
retrospective	O
study	O
in	O
a	O
15	O
-	O
bed	B-DISO
intensive	O
care	O
unit	O
(	O
ICU	O
)	O
in	O
a	O
comprehensive	O
cancer	B-DISO
center	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Detection	O
of	O
sendai	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
and	O
pneumonia	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
of	I-SPEC
mice	I-SPEC
by	O
use	O
of	O
fluorogenic	B-PRGE
nuclease	I-PRGE
reverse	B-ENZY
transcriptase	I-ENZY
polymerase	O
chain	O
reaction	O
analysis	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Sendai	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
may	O
induce	O
acute	O
respiratory	B-DISO
tract	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
in	O
laboratory	O
mice	B-SPEC
and	O
is	O
a	O
common	O
contaminant	O
of	O
biological	O
materials	O
.	O

Fluorogenic	O
nuclease	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
assays	O
(	O
fnRT	O
-	O
PCR	O
)	O
combine	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
with	O
an	O
internal	O
fluorogenic	O
hybridization	B-PROC
probe	O
,	O
thereby	O
potentially	O
enhancing	O
specificity	O
and	O
eliminating	O
post	O
-	O
PCR	O
processing	O
.	O

The	O
Sendai	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
and	O
PVM	B-SPEC
fnRT	O
-	O
PCR	O
assays	O
detected	O
only	O
Sendai	O
virusand	O
PVM	B-SPEC
,	O
respectively	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Feline	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
genetic	O
elements	O
were	O
detected	O
by	O
polymerase	O
chain	O
reaction	O
from	O
blood	B-ANAT
,	O
fecal	B-ANAT
samples	O
,	O
and	O
effusive	O
fluid	O
collected	O
from	O
33	O
cheetahs	B-SPEC
in	O
the	O
U	O
.	O
S	O
.	O
A	O
.	O
Feline	B-SPEC
coronavirus	B-SPEC
-	O
specific	O
serum	B-COMP
antibodies	B-COMP
were	O
also	O
measured	O
by	O
indirect	O
immunofluorescence	O
.	O

These	O
relatively	O
healthy	O
carrier	O
animals	B-SPEC
were	O
a	O
source	O
of	O
virus	B-SPEC
for	O
contact	O
animals	B-SPEC
.	O

Screening	O
programs	O
in	O
cheetah	B-SPEC
populations	O
for	O
feline	B-SPEC
coronavirus	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
may	O
be	O
most	O
reliable	O
if	O
a	O
combination	O
of	O
serologic	O
analysis	O
and	O
viral	O
detection	O
by	O
polymerase	O
chain	O
reaction	O
is	O
used	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Possible	O
mechanisms	O
underlying	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
transfusion	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
related	I-DISO
acute	I-DISO
lung	I-DISO
injury	I-DISO
:	O
roles	O
of	O
anti	O
-	O
major	O
histocompatibility	O
complex	O
class	B-SPEC
II	O
DR	O
antibody	B-COMP
.	O

However	O
,	O
the	O
precise	O
mechanisms	O
of	O
TRALI	B-DISO
development	B-PROC
remain	O
unclear	O
.	O

We	O
observed	O
that	O
the	O
granulocyte	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
macrophage	B-ANAT
colony	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
stimulating	I-PRGE
factor	I-PRGE
(	O
GM	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CSF	I-PRGE
)	O
markedly	O
enhances	O
the	O
expression	B-PROC
of	O
MHC	B-PRGE
class	B-SPEC
II	I-PRGE
DR	I-PRGE
in	O
PMNs	O
.	O

The	O
binding	B-FUNC
for	O
one	O
protein	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
protein	B-CHED
interaction	I-PROC
pair	O
(	O
D757	O
-	O
R761	O
motif	O
of	O
the	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
S	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
to	O
P585	O
-	O
A653	O
domain	O
of	O
CD13	O
)	O
has	O
been	O
simulated	O
by	O
molecular	O
modeling	O
and	O
docking	B-PROC
simulation	O
methods	O
.	O

The	O
probable	O
genomic	O
packaging	O
signal	O
of	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
is	O
analogous	O
to	O
that	O
of	O
MHV	B-SPEC
and	O
BCoV	O
,	O
with	O
the	O
corresponding	O
secondary	O
RNA	O
structure	O
locating	O
at	O
the	O
similar	O
region	O
of	O
ORF1b	O
.	O

The	O
positions	O
where	O
genomic	O
packaging	O
signals	O
exist	O
have	O
suffered	B-DISO
rounds	O
of	O
mutations	O
,	O
which	O
may	O
influence	O
the	O
primary	O
structures	O
of	O
the	O
N	O
and	O
M	O
proteins	B-CHED
consequently	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
The	O
putative	O
genomic	O
packaging	O
signal	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
locates	O
at	O
the	O
3	O
'	O
end	O
of	O
ORF1b	O
near	O
that	O
of	O
MHV	B-SPEC
and	O
BCoV	O
,	O
where	O
is	O
the	O
most	O
variable	O
region	O
of	O
this	O
gene	O
.	O

It	O
seems	O
that	O
the	O
mutation	O
rate	O
of	O
packaging	O
signal	O
sequences	O
is	O
much	O
higher	O
than	O
the	O
N	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
,	O
while	O
only	O
subtle	O
variations	O
for	O
the	O
M	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
.	O

The	O
3D	O
model	O
adopts	O
a	O
similar	O
fold	O
of	O
the	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
Mpro	O
,	O
its	O
structure	O
and	O
binding	B-FUNC
pocket	O
feature	O
are	O
almost	O
as	O
same	O
as	O
that	O
of	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
Mpro	O
.	O

The	O
tested	O
virtual	O
screening	O
indicated	O
that	O
73	B-PRGE
available	I-PRGE
proteinase	I-PRGE
inhibitors	B-CHED
in	O
the	O
MDDR	O
database	O
might	O
dock	B-SPEC
into	O
both	O
the	O
binding	B-FUNC
pockets	O
of	O
the	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
Mpro	O
and	O
the	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
3CL	I-PRGE
proteinase	B-PROC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Small	B-PRGE
envelope	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
E	I-PRGE
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
:	O
cloning	O
,	O
expression	B-PROC
,	O
purification	O
,	O
CD	O
determination	O
,	O
and	O
bioinformatics	O
analysis	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
The	O
pure	B-FUNC
sample	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
E	O
protein	B-CHED
was	O
obtained	O
.	O

We	O
report	O
a	O
case	O
of	O
Takayasu	O
arteritis	O
with	O
a	O
presentation	O
of	O
a	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
renal	B-ANAT
syndrome	I-DISO
in	O
a	O
22	O
-	O
year	O
-	O
old	O
woman	O
.	O

Thoracic	B-DISO
and	O
abdominal	B-ANAT
angiogram	O
confirmed	O
MRA	O
findings	O
of	O
type	O
IV	O
Takayasu	B-DISO
arteritis	I-DISO
.	O

Lung	B-ANAT
diffusing	O
capacity	O
decreased	O
in	O
hypergravity	O
compared	O
with	O
1	O
G	O
(	O
ANOVA	O
,	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
002	O
);	O
it	O
decreased	O
by	O
46	O
%	O
in	O
the	O
supine	O
posture	O
compared	O
with	O
25	O
%	O
in	O
the	O
prone	O
(	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
01	O
for	O
supine	O
vs	O
.	O
prone	O
).	O

At	O
the	O
same	O
time	O
,	O
functional	O
residual	O
capacity	O
decreased	O
by	O
33	O
and	O
23	O
%,	O
respectively	O
(	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
001	O
for	O
supine	O
vs	O
.	O
prone	O
),	O
and	O
cardiac	B-ANAT
output	O
by	O
40	O
and	O
31	O
%	O
(	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
007	O
for	O
supine	O
vs	O
.	O
prone	O
),	O
despite	O
an	O
increase	O
in	O
heart	B-ANAT
rate	O
of	O
16	O
and	O
28	O
%	O
(	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
001	O
for	O
supine	O
vs	O
.	O
prone	O
),	O
respectively	O
.	O

A	O
reduced	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
-	O
capillary	B-ANAT
blood	I-ANAT
flow	O
and	O
a	O
reduced	O
estimated	O
alveolar	B-ANAT
volume	O
can	O
explain	O
most	O
of	O
the	O
reduction	O
in	O
diffusing	O
capacity	O
when	O
supine	O
.	O

The	O
contrast	O
enhanced	O
chest	B-ANAT
computed	O
tomography	O
(	O
CT	O
)	O
revealed	O
an	O
acute	B-DISO
aortic	I-DISO
dissection	I-DISO
(	O
Stanford	O
type	O
A	O
).	O

We	O
attempted	O
to	O
perform	O
cardiac	B-ANAT
massage	O
,	O
but	O
we	O
could	O
not	O
bring	O
her	O
back	B-ANAT
to	O
life	O
.	O

The	O
results	O
show	O
that	O
the	O
diameter	O
of	O
newly	O
isolated	O
virus	B-SPEC
is	O
about	O
50	O
nm	O
without	O
envelope	B-COMP
or	O
100	O
nm	O
with	O
envelope	B-COMP
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
spike	B-PRGE
peplomer	I-PRGE
S1	I-PRGE
subunit	I-PRGE
sequence	I-PRGE
from	O
avian	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
bronchitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
IBV	B-SPEC
)	O
Vic	O
S	O
strain	O
was	O
expressed	B-PROC
in	O
a	O
plasmid	O
under	O
the	O
control	O
of	O
the	O
fowl	O
adenovirus	B-DISO
(	O
FAV	O
)	O
major	B-PRGE
late	I-PRGE
promoter	I-PRGE
(	O
MLP	B-PRGE
).	O

Although	O
precise	O
pathogenic	O
mechanisms	O
have	O
been	O
under	O
debate	O
,	O
the	O
NE	O
-	O
mediated	O
severe	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
tissue	B-ANAT
damage	O
,	O
based	O
upon	O
the	O
protease	O
-	O
antiprotease	O
imbalance	B-DISO
hypothesis	O
,	O
may	O
be	O
a	O
major	O
pathogenic	O
determinant	O
of	O
these	O
diseases	O
,	O
in	O
particular	O
COPD	B-DISO
.	O

Identification	O
of	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
causative	O
agent	O
and	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
a	O
diagnostic	O
test	O
are	O
important	O
.	O

The	O
genome	O
sequence	O
reveals	O
that	O
this	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
is	O
only	O
moderately	O
related	O
to	O
other	O
known	O
coronaviruses	O
.	O

Other	O
therapies	O
such	O
as	O
convalescent	O
plasma	B-ANAT
are	O
being	O
explored	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Neuromyalgic	O
syndrome	B-DISO
(	O
NMS	B-DISO
)	O
is	O
clinically	O
and	O
electroneuromyographically	O
(	O
ENMG	O
)	O
first	O
-	O
ever	O
described	O
in	O
50	O
children	O
aged	O
2	O
-	O
13	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Community	O
-	O
acquired	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
due	I-DISO
to	I-DISO
Chlamydia	I-DISO
pneumoniae	O
is	O
associated	O
with	O
a	O
benign	O
clinical	O
course	O
.	O

Severe	O
,	O
life	O
-	O
threatening	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
is	O
rare	O
and	O
occurs	O
only	O
in	O
immunocompromised	O
hosts	B-COMP
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Why	O
viral	O
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
,	O
Ebola	O
and	O
AIDS	O
)	O
epidemics	O
now	O
?].	O

There	O
are	O
many	O
hypotheses	O
to	O
explain	O
this	O
paradox	O
;	O
1	O
)	O
Is	O
it	O
the	O
hygiene	O
theory	O
,	O
namely	O
extensive	O
use	O
of	O
wide	O
spread	O
and	O
too	O
potent	O
antibiotics	B-CHED
which	O
eliminate	O
protective	O
infecting	O
agent	O
?	O

Be	O
it	O
as	O
it	O
may	O
,	O
the	O
globalization	O
and	O
the	O
employment	O
of	O
long	O
distance	O
flights	O
make	O
the	O
spread	O
easy	O
to	O
extreme	O
points	O
in	O
the	O
globe	B-ANAT
(	O
Shanghai	O
-	O
Toronto	O
).	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
was	O
first	O
recognized	O
in	O
Toronto	O
in	O
a	O
woman	O
who	O
returned	O
from	O
Hong	O
Kong	O
on	O
February	O
23	O
,	O
2003	O
(	O
1	O
).	O

After	O
implementation	O
of	O
provincewide	O
public	O
health	O
measures	O
that	O
included	O
strict	O
infection	B-DISO
-	O
control	O
practices	O
,	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
recognized	O
cases	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
declined	O
substantially	O
,	O
and	O
no	O
cases	O
were	O
detected	O
after	O
April	O
20	O
.	O

This	O
report	O
describes	O
a	O
second	O
wave	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
cases	O
among	O
patients	O
,	O
visitors	O
,	O
and	O
health	O
-	O
care	O
workers	O
(	O
HCWs	O
)	O
that	O
occurred	O
at	O
a	O
Toronto	O
hospital	O
approximately	O
4	O
weeks	O
after	O
SARS	B-DISO
transmission	O
was	O
thought	O
to	O
have	O
been	O
interrupted	O
.	O

The	O
investigation	O
underscores	O
the	O
need	O
for	O
monitoring	O
fever	B-PROC
and	O
respiratory	B-DISO
symptoms	I-DISO
in	O
hospitalized	O
patients	O
and	O
visitors	O
,	O
particularly	O
after	O
a	O
decline	O
in	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
reported	O
SARS	B-DISO
cases	O
.	O

This	O
report	O
updates	O
SARS	B-DISO
cases	O
reported	O
worldwide	O
and	O
in	O
the	O
United	O
States	O
,	O
and	O
describes	O
the	O
eighth	O
probable	O
U	O
.	O
S	O
.	O
SARS	B-DISO
case	O
with	O
laboratory	O
evidence	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
associated	I-DISO
coronavirus	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Cloning	O
and	O
sequence	O
analysis	O
of	O
the	O
nucleocapsid	B-COMP
gene	O
of	O
porcine	B-SPEC
epidemic	I-SPEC
diarrhea	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
Chinju99	O
.	O

It	O
consisted	O
of	O
405	O
adenine	B-CHED
(	O
30	O
.	O
5	O
%),	O
293	O
cytosine	B-CHED
(	O
22	O
.	O
1	O
%),	O
334	O
guanines	O
(	O
25	O
.	O
2	O
%)	O
and	O
294	O
thymines	O
(	O
22	O
.	O
2	O
%)	O
residues	O
.	O

To	O
determine	O
the	O
approximate	O
position	O
of	O
the	O
cleavage	B-PROC
site	O
,	O
we	O
expressed	B-PROC
constructs	O
that	O
extended	O
various	O
distances	O
upstream	O
from	O
the	O
previously	O
defined	O
C	O
-	O
terminal	O
end	O
of	O
MP1	B-PRGE
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Thin	O
-	O
section	O
CT	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
following	O
hospital	O
discharge	B-ANAT
:	O
preliminary	O
experience	O
.	O

Patients	O
were	O
assigned	O
to	O
group	O
1	O
(	O
with	O
CT	O
evidence	O
of	O
fibrosis	B-DISO
)	O
and	O
group	O
2	O
(	O
without	O
CT	O
evidence	O
of	O
fibrosis	B-DISO
)	O
for	O
analysis	O
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
Pulmonary	B-DISO
fibrosis	I-DISO
may	O
develop	O
early	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
SARS	B-DISO
who	O
have	O
been	O
discharged	O
after	O
treatment	O
.	O

This	O
report	O
provides	O
an	O
update	O
on	O
reported	O
SARS	B-DISO
cases	O
worldwide	O
and	O
in	O
the	O
United	O
States	O
.	O

WHO	O
and	O
CDC	O
received	O
first	O
information	O
about	O
a	O
new	O
syndrome	B-DISO
by	O
the	O
end	O
of	O
February	O
2003	O
,	O
after	O
the	O
first	O
cases	O
outside	O
the	O
Republic	O
of	O
China	O
had	O
been	O
observed	O
.	O

Dr	O
.	O
Urbani	O
died	B-PROC
from	O
SARS	B-DISO
,	O
as	O
did	O
many	O
other	O
health	O
care	O
workers	O
.	O

In	O
addition	O
,	O
intensifying	O
classical	O
quarantine	O
and	O
hospital	O
hygiene	O
measures	O
,	O
it	O
was	O
possible	O
to	O
limit	O
SARS	B-DISO
in	O
many	O
countries	O
to	O
sporadic	O
cases	O
,	O
and	O
to	O
reduce	O
the	O
disease	O
in	O
countries	O
such	O
as	O
Canada	O
and	O
Vietnam	O
.	O

One	O
infant	O
received	O
INO	O
(	O
20	O
-	O
40	O
ppm	O
)	O
followed	O
by	O
exogenous	O
surfactant	B-CHED
(	O
100mg	O
/	O
kg	O
);	O
the	O
other	O
two	O
received	O
surfactant	B-CHED
followed	O
by	O
INO	O
.	O

The	O
chest	B-ANAT
roentgenogram	O
may	O
be	O
normal	O
initially	O
but	O
at	O
a	O
later	O
stage	O
progressive	O
consolidations	O
in	O
the	O
majority	O
of	O
peripheral	O
parts	O
of	O
the	O
lung	B-ANAT
are	O
observed	O
,	O
which	O
cannot	O
be	O
differentiated	B-PROC
from	O
pneumonias	B-DISO
of	O
other	O
origin	O
.	O

Our	O
findings	O
suggest	O
that	O
glycyrrhizin	B-CHED
should	O
be	O
assessed	O
for	O
treatment	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Prophylactic	O
protection	O
by	O
N	B-CHED
-	I-CHED
acetylcysteine	I-CHED
against	O
the	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
injury	O
induced	O
by	O
2	B-CHED
-	I-CHED
chloroethyl	I-CHED
ethyl	B-CHED
sulfide	I-CHED
,	O
a	O
mustard	O
analogue	O
.	O

Guinea	B-SPEC
pigs	I-SPEC
were	O
given	O
single	O
exposure	O
(	O
0	O
.	O
5	O
-	O
6	O
mg	O
/	O
kg	O
body	B-ANAT
weight	O
)	O
of	O
2	B-CHED
-	I-CHED
chloroethyl	I-CHED
ethyl	B-CHED
sulfide	I-CHED
(	O
CEES	O
)	O
as	O
a	O
mustard	O
analogue	O
intratracheally	O
and	O
maintained	O
for	O
various	O
lengths	O
of	O
time	O
(	O
1	O
h	O
to	O
21	O
days	O
).	O

Within	O
1	O
h	O
of	O
CEES	O
infusion	O
at	O
4	O
mg	O
/	O
kg	O
,	O
high	O
levels	O
of	O
tumor	B-PRGE
necrosis	I-PRGE
factor	I-PRGE
alpha	I-PRGE
(	O
TNF	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
alpha	I-PRGE
),	O
ceramides	B-CHED
,	O
and	O
nuclear	B-PRGE
factor	I-PRGE
kappaB	I-PRGE
accumulated	O
in	O
lung	B-ANAT
and	O
alveolar	B-ANAT
macrophages	I-ANAT
.	O

Number	O
of	O
confirmed	O
cases	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
most	O
common	O
findings	O
included	O
lymphopenia	B-DISO
in	O
153	O
(	O
98	O
%)	O
of	O
the	O
157	O
patients	O
,	O
neutrophilia	O
in	O
129	O
(	O
82	O
%),	O
thrombocytopenia	O
in	O
87	O
patients	O
(	O
55	O
%),	O
followed	O
by	O
thrombocytosis	B-DISO
in	O
77	O
(	O
49	O
%),	O
and	O
isolated	O
prolonged	O
activated	O
partial	O
thromboplastin	B-PRGE
time	O
in	O
96	O
patients	O
(	O
63	O
%).	O

Multivariate	O
analysis	O
showed	O
that	O
advanced	O
age	O
and	O
a	O
high	O
concentration	O
of	O
lactate	B-PRGE
dehydrogenase	I-PRGE
at	O
presentation	O
were	O
independent	O
predictors	O
of	O
an	O
adverse	O
outcome	O
.	O

Low	O
counts	O
of	O
CD4	B-PRGE
and	O
CD8	B-ANAT
cells	B-COMP
at	O
presentation	O
were	O
associated	O
with	O
adverse	O
outcomes	O
.	O

In	O
hospitalized	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
,	O
the	O
abnormalities	O
tend	O
to	O
progress	O
to	O
bilateral	O
air	B-CHED
-	O
space	O
consolidation	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Epidemiological	O
study	O
on	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
in	O
Guangdong	O
province	O
].	O

Family	O
and	O
hospital	O
aggregation	O
of	O
patients	O
comprised	O
the	O
another	O
two	O
important	O
characteristics	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
(	O
account	O
for	O
37	O
.	O
1	O
%	O
of	O
the	O
total	O
patients	O
).	O

Family	B-SPEC
and	O
hospital	O
aggregation	O
of	O
patients	O
comprised	O
the	O
another	O
two	O
important	O
characteristics	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
(	O
account	O
for	O
37	O
.	O
1	O
%	O
of	O
the	O
total	O
patients	O
).	O

Improving	O
ventilation	O
and	O
regular	O
disinfection	O
over	O
air	B-CHED
and	O
stuff	O
in	O
hospital	O
wards	O
were	O
also	O
recommended	O
.	O

There	O
were	O
36	O
deaths	B-PROC
,	O
aged	O
from	O
5	O
to	O
89	O
,	O
with	O
half	O
of	O
them	O
older	O
than	O
60	O
.	O

Three	O
patients	O
experienced	O
numbness	B-DISO
and	O
tingling	B-DISO
in	O
their	O
hands	B-ANAT
and	O
feet	B-ANAT
,	O
and	O
2	O
developed	O
frank	O
tetany	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Severe	O
acute	O
White	O
-	O
Spirit	O
poisoning	O
with	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
hypertension	I-DISO
].	O

After	O
a	O
36	O
h	O
stay	O
in	O
Pediatric	O
Intensive	O
Care	O
Unit	O
(	O
PICU	B-SPEC
),	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
required	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
and	O
vasoactive	O
support	O
.	O

Pulmonary	B-DISO
hypertension	I-DISO
should	O
be	O
checked	O
for	O
in	O
case	O
of	O
White	O
-	O
Spirit	O
ingestion	O
complicated	O
with	O
severe	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Transmissible	O
gastroenteritis	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
packaging	O
signal	O
is	O
located	O
at	O
the	O
5	O
'	O
end	O
of	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
genome	O
.	O

Interestingly	O
,	O
virus	B-SPEC
mRNAs	O
were	O
detected	O
in	O
partially	O
purified	O
virus	B-SPEC
but	O
not	O
in	O
virus	B-SPEC
immunopurified	O
using	O
stringent	O
conditions	O
.	O

The	O
presence	O
of	O
this	O
packaging	O
signal	O
was	O
further	O
confirmed	O
by	O
showing	O
the	O
expression	B-PROC
and	O
rescue	O
of	O
the	O
mRNA	B-CHED
including	O
the	O
first	O
649	O
nt	O
of	O
the	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
genome	O
under	O
control	O
of	O
the	O
cytomegalovirus	B-SPEC
promoter	O
in	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
-	O
infected	O
cells	B-COMP
.	O

This	O
mRNA	B-CHED
was	O
successfully	O
amplified	O
and	O
encapsidated	O
,	O
indicating	O
that	O
the	O
first	O
649	O
nt	O
of	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
genome	O
also	O
contained	O
the	O
5	O
'	O
cis	B-DISO
-	O
acting	O
replication	O
signals	O
.	O

The	O
encapsidation	O
efficiency	O
of	O
this	O
mRNA	B-CHED
was	O
about	O
30	O
-	O
fold	O
higher	O
than	O
the	O
genome	O
encapsidation	O
efficiency	O
,	O
as	O
estimated	O
by	O
quantitative	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
.	O

In	O
contrast	O
,	O
viral	O
mRNAs	O
presented	O
significantly	O
lower	O
encapsidation	O
efficiencies	O
(	O
about	O
100	O
-	O
fold	O
)	O
than	O
those	O
of	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
genome	O
,	O
strongly	O
suggesting	O
that	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
mRNAs	O
in	O
fact	O
lacked	O
an	O
alternative	O
TGEV	B-PRGE
Psi	I-PRGE
.	O

Children	O
with	O
SARS	B-DISO
presented	O
with	O
fever	B-PROC
,	O
nonproductive	B-DISO
cough	I-DISO
,	O
malaise	B-DISO
,	O
chills	B-DISO
,	O
headache	B-DISO
,	O
myalgia	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
loss	B-DISO
of	I-DISO
appetite	I-DISO
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
Severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
affects	O
children	O
,	O
but	O
the	O
course	O
is	O
less	O
severe	O
.	O

Venoarterial	O
patients	O
had	O
significantly	O
greater	O
alveolar	B-ANAT
-	O
arterial	B-ANAT
oxygen	B-CHED
gradients	O
and	O
lower	O
PaO	B-PROC
(	O
2	O
)/	O
FIO	O
(	O
2	O
)	O
ratios	O
than	O
venovenous	O
patients	O
(	O
p	O
<.	O
03	O
).	O

Thirty	O
-	O
five	O
percent	O
of	O
venovenous	O
patients	O
and	O
36	O
%	O
of	O
venoarterial	O
patients	O
required	O
at	O
least	O
one	O
vasopressor	O
infusion	O
at	O
time	O
of	O
cannulation	O
(	O
p	O
=	O
nonsignificant	O
);	O
vasopressor	O
dependence	B-DISO
decreased	O
over	O
the	O
course	O
of	O
ECMO	O
in	O
both	O
groups	O
.	O

Median	O
duration	O
on	O
venovenous	O
ECMO	O
for	O
acute	O
hypoxemic	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
was	O
218	O
hrs	B-DISO
(	O
range	O
,	O
24	O
-	O
921	O
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Emergence	O
of	O
a	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
mutant	B-DISO
with	O
a	O
truncated	B-PRGE
3b	I-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
:	O
functional	O
characterization	O
of	O
the	O
3b	O
protein	O
in	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
and	O
replication	O
.	O

The	O
normal	O
product	O
of	O
the	O
3b	O
gene	O
is	O
64	O
amino	B-CHED
acids	I-CHED
long	O
,	O
whereas	O
the	O
frameshifting	O
product	O
is	O
34	O
amino	B-CHED
acids	I-CHED
long	O
with	O
only	O
17	O
homogeneous	O
amino	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
residues	O
at	O
the	O
N	O
-	O
terminal	O
half	O
.	O

Comparison	O
of	O
the	O
complete	O
genome	O
sequences	O
(	O
27	O
.	O
6	O
kb	O
)	O
of	O
isolates	O
p20c22	O
and	O
p36c12	O
(	O
from	O
passages	O
20	O
and	O
36	O
,	O
respectively	O
)	O
revealed	O
that	O
p36c12	O
contains	O
three	O
amino	B-PROC
acid	I-PROC
substitutions	I-PROC
,	O
two	O
in	O
the	O
195	O
-	O
kDa	O
protein	B-CHED
(	O
encoded	O
by	O
gene	B-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
)	O
and	O
one	O
in	O
the	O
S	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
,	O
in	O
addition	O
to	O
the	O
frameshifting	O
3b	O
product	O
.	O

Further	O
characterization	O
of	O
the	O
two	O
isolates	O
demonstrated	O
that	O
p36c12	O
showed	O
growth	B-PROC
advantage	O
over	O
p20c22	O
in	O
both	O
Vero	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
and	O
chicken	B-SPEC
embryos	B-ANAT
and	O
was	O
more	O
virulent	O
in	O
chicken	B-SPEC
embryos	B-ANAT
than	O
p20c22	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
The	O
antiviral	B-CHED
activity	O
of	O
naturally	O
occurring	O
proteins	B-CHED
and	O
their	O
peptide	B-CHED
fragments	O
after	O
chemical	O
modification	O
.	O

McMaster	O
and	O
Visser	O
sieve	O
techniques	O
were	O
used	O
to	O
determine	O
helminth	O
and	O
coccidia	B-SPEC
from	O
pooled	O
fresh	B-ANAT
faecal	B-ANAT
samples	O
.	O

Eimeria	B-SPEC
species	B-SPEC
were	O
also	O
isolated	O
in	O
32	O
%	O
of	O
the	O
villages	O
investigated	O
.	O

(	O
3	O
)	O
Timely	O
administration	O
of	O
Ribavirin	B-CHED
,	O
Methylprednisolone	B-CHED
,	O
immunoenhancer	O
(	O
such	O
as	O
interferon	O
alpha	O
-	O
2b	O
,	O
thymosin	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
alpha1	I-PRGE
)	O
to	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
was	O
efficacious	O
to	O
certain	O
extent	O
in	O
controlling	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
the	O
disease	O
.	O

It	O
is	O
very	O
important	O
for	O
clinicians	O
to	O
pay	O
great	O
attention	O
to	O
protect	O
themselves	O
from	O
infection	B-DISO
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
(	O
1	O
)	O
The	O
contagiousness	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
in	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
was	O
extremely	O
strong	O
,	O
especially	O
in	O
their	O
acute	O
stage	O
.	O

The	O
following	O
factors	O
were	O
associated	O
with	O
a	O
significantly	O
higher	O
mortality	O
rate	O
in	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
with	O
ARDS	B-DISO
patients	O
,	O
including	O
age	O
increase	O
(	O
OR	O
=	O
1	O
.	O
203	O
,	O
CI	O
=	O
1	O
.	O
036	O
to	O
1	O
.	O
396	O
,	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
016	O
),	O
long	O
-	O
time	O
hypoxia	B-DISO
(	O
OR	O
=	O
1	O
.	O
067	O
,	O
CI	O
=	O
1	O
.	O
014	O
to	O
1	O
.	O
122	O
,	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
013	O
),	O
thrombocytopenia	O
(	O
OR	O
=	O
111	O
.	O
932	O
,	O
CI	O
=	O
6	O
.	O
096	O
to	O
2	O
055	O
.	O
252	O
,	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
001	O
),	O
hypernatremia	B-DISO
(	O
OR	O
=	O
26	O
.	O
667	O
,	O
CI	O
=	O
2	O
.	O
242	O
to	O
317	O
.	O
147	O
,	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
009	O
),	O
and	O
elevation	O
of	O
serum	O
creatinine	B-CHED
levels	O
(	O
OR	O
=	O
111	O
.	O
932	O
,	O
CI	O
=	O
6	O
.	O
096	O
to	O
2	O
055	O
.	O
252	O
,	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
001	O
).	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
The	O
following	O
factors	O
were	O
associated	O
with	O
a	O
significantly	O
higher	O
mortality	O
rate	O
in	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
with	O
ARDS	B-DISO
patients	O
,	O
including	O
age	O
increase	O
(	O
OR	O
=	O
1	O
.	O
203	O
,	O
CI	O
=	O
1	O
.	O
036	O
to	O
1	O
.	O
396	O
,	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
016	O
),	O
long	O
-	O
time	O
hypoxia	B-DISO
(	O
OR	O
=	O
1	O
.	O
067	O
,	O
CI	O
=	O
1	O
.	O
014	O
to	O
1	O
.	O
122	O
,	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
013	O
),	O
thrombocytopenia	O
(	O
OR	O
=	O
111	O
.	O
932	O
,	O
CI	O
=	O
6	O
.	O
096	O
to	O
2	O
055	O
.	O
252	O
,	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
001	O
),	O
hypernatremia	B-DISO
(	O
OR	O
=	O
26	O
.	O
667	O
,	O
CI	O
=	O
2	O
.	O
242	O
to	O
317	O
.	O
147	O
,	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
009	O
),	O
and	O
elevation	O
of	O
serum	B-COMP
creatinine	B-CHED
levels	O
(	O
OR	O
=	O
111	O
.	O
932	O
,	O
CI	O
=	O
6	O
.	O
096	O
to	O
2	O
055	O
.	O
252	O
,	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
001	O
).	O

The	O
appearing	O
time	O
,	O
site	O
,	O
range	O
and	O
imaging	O
features	O
of	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
lesions	O
in	O
chest	B-ANAT
radiograms	O
were	O
observed	O
in	O
118	O
patients	O
with	O
clinically	O
confirmed	O
SARS	B-DISO
treated	O
in	O
our	O
hospital	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Clinical	O
therapy	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
:	O
38	O
cases	O
retrospective	O
analysis	O
].	O

Thirty	O
cases	O
were	O
cured	O
(	O
78	O
.	O
9	O
%),	O
of	O
them	O
11	O
cases	O
had	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
fibrosis	I-DISO
(	O
36	O
.	O
7	O
%),	O
8	O
patients	O
died	B-PROC
(	O
21	O
.	O
1	O
%)	O
in	O
all	O
cases	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Chest	B-ANAT
X	O
-	O
rays	B-SPEC
radiogram	O
showed	O
significant	O
changes	O
until	O
peak	O
stage	O
(	O
4	O
-	O
12	O
days	O
)	O
with	O
the	O
same	O
doses	O
of	O
methylprednisolone	B-CHED
,	O
but	O
it	O
was	O
dissolved	O
consistently	O
afterwards	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Evaluation	O
of	O
glucocorticoid	B-CHED
in	O
treatment	O
for	O
patients	O
with	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
].	O

Their	O
age	O
,	O
sex	O
,	O
APACHE	O
II	O
score	O
,	O
PaO2	O
/	O
FiO2	O
,	O
Qs	O
/	O
Qt	O
,	O
use	O
of	O
artificial	O
ventilation	O
and	O
its	O
duration	O
,	O
level	O
of	O
PEEP	B-CHED
,	O
and	O
the	O
extent	O
of	O
relief	O
from	O
hypoxemia	O
showed	O
no	O
significant	O
differences	O
between	O
two	O
groups	O
(	O
P	O
>	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
).	O

The	O
mortality	O
of	O
patients	O
who	O
were	O
given	O
GC	O
before	O
or	O
during	O
24	O
hours	O
of	O
the	O
establishment	O
of	O
the	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
(	O
66	O
.	O
7	O
%	O
and	O
68	O
.	O
2	O
%)	O
was	O
lower	O
than	O
those	O
who	O
were	O
given	O
GC	O
24	O
hours	O
after	O
the	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
(	O
90	O
.	O
0	O
%).	O

The	O
disease	O
has	O
been	O
etiologically	O
linked	O
to	O
a	O
novel	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
that	O
has	O
been	O
named	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
associated	I-DISO
coronavirus	I-DISO
.	O

The	O
beneficial	O
effects	O
of	O
the	O
early	O
use	O
of	O
steroids	B-CHED
in	O
ALI	O
remained	O
unaltered	O
at	O
Day	O
30	O
.	O

This	O
report	O
updates	O
reported	O
SARS	B-DISO
cases	O
worldwide	O
and	O
in	O
the	O
United	O
States	O
,	O
and	O
summarizes	O
changes	O
in	O
travel	O
recommendations	O
for	O
Beijing	O
and	O
Taiwan	O
,	O
where	O
travel	O
advisories	O
have	O
been	O
downgraded	O
to	O
travel	O
alerts	O
.	O

This	O
report	O
summarizes	O
the	O
hematological	O
findings	O
in	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
and	O
proposes	O
a	O
hypothesis	O
for	O
the	O
pathophysiology	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
related	O
abnormal	B-DISO
hematopoiesis	I-DISO
.	O

From	O
31st	O
March	O
,	O
there	O
was	O
an	O
outbreak	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
among	O
his	O
contacts	O
in	O
the	O
family	B-SPEC
and	O
in	O
the	O
hospital	O
he	O
was	O
admitted	O
to	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Study	O
on	O
the	O
epidemiological	O
characteristics	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
in	O
Shanxi	O
province	O
].	O

Case	O
identification	O
at	O
early	O
stage	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
taking	O
measures	O
to	O
decrease	O
the	O
chance	O
of	O
transmission	O
were	O
strategically	O
crucial	O
for	O
controlling	O
the	O
spread	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
in	O
the	O
community	O
.	O

The	O
second	O
phase	O
was	O
from	O
April	O
16	O
to	O
April	O
28	O
,	O
with	O
the	O
appearance	O
of	O
secondary	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
,	O
having	O
sharp	O
rise	O
of	O
the	O
cases	O
and	O
spreading	O
to	O
24	O
counties	O
in	O
10	O
prefectures	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
The	O
application	O
of	O
indirect	O
immuno	O
-	O
fluorescence	O
assay	O
in	O
the	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
].	O

Clinically	O
confirmed	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
,	O
suspected	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
,	O
and	O
controls	O
were	O
included	O
in	O
the	O
study	O
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
IFA	O
can	O
be	O
used	O
to	O
assist	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
after	O
10	O
days	O
of	O
the	O
onset	O
of	O
disease	O
.	O

SARS	B-DISO
pneumonia	B-DISO
can	O
manifest	O
as	O
focal	O
peripheral	O
consolidation	O
that	O
clears	O
relatively	O
quickly	O
and	O
does	O
not	O
cause	O
secondary	O
complications	O
or	O
that	O
progresses	O
to	O
bilateral	O
consolidation	O
and	O
a	O
more	O
protracted	O
clinical	O
course	O
.	O

No	O
correlation	O
was	O
found	O
between	O
the	O
severity	O
of	O
head	B-ANAT
injury	O
(	O
GCS	O
score	O
,	O
Marshall	O
score	O
,	O
or	O
intracranial	B-ANAT
abnormality	O
)	O
and	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
ALI	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Analysis	O
of	O
acute	O
physiology	O
and	O
chronic	O
health	O
evaluation	O
III	O
in	O
the	O
54	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
].	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
evaluate	O
the	O
acute	O
physiology	O
and	O
chronic	O
health	O
evaluation	O
III	O
(	O
APACHE	O
III	O
)	O
in	O
the	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
patients	O
and	O
its	O
significance	O
in	O
prognosis	O
.	O

Physical	O
examination	O
of	O
the	O
chest	B-ANAT
revealed	O
bubbling	O
rales	B-DISO
and	O
dullness	O
on	O
percussion	O
.	O

Some	O
of	O
the	O
technologies	O
brought	O
forward	O
during	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
epidemic	O
may	O
have	O
been	O
primarily	O
motivated	O
by	O
marketing	O
efforts	O
,	O
or	O
were	O
more	O
directed	O
towards	O
reassuring	O
people	O
that	O
""""	O
something	O
is	O
being	O
done	O
","""	O
ie	O
,	O
fighting	O
an	O
""""	O
epidemic	O
of	O
fear	O
.	O

Nasal	B-ANAT
lavage	O
and	O
induced	B-ANAT
sputum	I-ANAT
were	O
collected	O
prior	O
to	O
inoculation	O
(	O
day	O
0	O
)	O
and	O
2	O
,	O
4	O
and	O
17	O
days	O
later	O
.	O

The	O
change	O
in	O
nasal	B-ANAT
neutrophil	B-ANAT
counts	O
in	O
all	O
subjects	O
correlated	O
with	O
nasal	B-DISO
symptom	I-DISO
scores	O
.	O

IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
8	I-FUNC
is	O
likely	O
to	O
be	O
an	O
important	O
chemokine	O
in	O
this	O
process	O
.	O

Symptoms	O
and	O
airway	B-ANAT
responsiveness	O
were	O
correlated	O
with	O
change	O
in	O
neutrophils	B-ANAT
.	O

None	O
of	O
the	O
results	O
was	O
influenced	O
by	O
the	O
atopic	B-DISO
status	O
of	O
the	O
subjects	O
in	O
either	O
group	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Severe	B-DISO
Acute	I-DISO
Respiratory	I-DISO
Syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
in	O
a	O
liver	B-ANAT
transplant	B-ANAT
recipient	O
and	O
guidelines	O
for	O
donor	B-CHED
SARS	B-DISO
screening	O
.	O

Due	O
to	O
the	O
potential	O
severity	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
in	O
transplant	B-ANAT
recipients	O
and	O
the	O
large	O
number	O
of	O
cases	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
in	O
the	O
community	O
,	O
in	O
order	B-SPEC
to	O
avoid	O
transmission	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
from	O
a	O
donor	B-CHED
,	O
we	O
developed	O
guidelines	O
for	O
SARS	B-DISO
screening	O
of	O
organ	B-ANAT
donors	O
.	O

As	O
SARS	B-DISO
spreads	O
throughout	O
the	O
world	O
,	O
it	O
may	O
become	O
an	O
increasingly	O
significant	O
problem	O
for	O
transplant	B-ANAT
patients	O
and	O
programs	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Thirty	O
colostrum	O
-	O
deprived	O
piglets	O
aged	O
1	O
day	O
were	O
inoculated	O
with	O
a	O
Korean	O
strain	O
of	O
porcine	B-SPEC
epidemic	I-SPEC
diarrhoea	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
).	O

At	O
24	O
-	O
60	O
h	O
post	O
-	O
inoculation	O
(	O
hpi	B-DISO
),	O
the	O
villous	O
height	O
/	O
crypt	B-ANAT
depth	O
(	O
VH	O
/	O
CD	O
)	O
ratio	O
of	O
infected	O
pigs	B-SPEC
was	O
significantly	O
less	O
than	O
that	O
of	O
control	O
pigs	B-SPEC
.	O

PEDV	B-SPEC
nucleic	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
and	O
antigen	B-CHED
were	O
detected	O
in	O
the	O
duodenum	B-ANAT
,	O
jejunum	B-ANAT
and	O
ileum	B-ANAT
of	O
experimentally	O
infected	O
pigs	B-SPEC
.	O

The	O
software	O
ZCURVE_CoV	O
can	O
also	O
be	O
downloaded	O
freely	O
from	O
the	O
web	B-DISO
address	O
mentioned	O
above	O
and	O
run	O
in	O
computers	O
under	O
the	O
platforms	O
of	O
Windows	O
or	O
Linux	O
.	O

When	O
patients	O
are	O
overtreated	O
,	O
neurologic	O
damage	O
can	O
be	O
prevented	O
by	O
relowering	O
the	O
serum	B-COMP
sodium	O
(	O
SNa	O
)	O
so	O
that	O
the	O
daily	O
increase	O
in	O
SNa	O
remains	O
below	O
10	O
mmol	O
/	O
L	O
/	O
24	O
hours	O
.	O

The	O
IgG	B-PRGE
peaked	O
one	O
month	O
after	O
the	O
onset	O
and	O
remained	O
at	O
high	O
levels	O
in	O
the	O
following	O
2	O
months	O
.	O

The	O
antibody	B-PROC
responses	I-PROC
suggest	O
that	O
N	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
is	O
immunodominant	O
and	O
plays	O
an	O
important	O
role	O
in	O
viral	B-DISO
pathogenesis	I-DISO
.	O

BALB	O
/	O
c	O
mice	B-SPEC
were	O
injected	O
with	O
the	O
recombinant	B-PRGE
N	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
of	I-PRGE
SARS	B-DISO
-	I-PRGE
Cov	I-PRGE
into	O
the	O
foot	B-ANAT
-	O
pads	O
for	O
the	O
immunization	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
popliteal	B-ANAT
lymph	I-ANAT
nodes	I-ANAT
were	O
isolated	O
15	O
d	O
later	O
for	O
mAb	O
-	O
producing	O
hybridomas	B-ANAT
,	O
from	O
which	O
the	O
mAbs	O
against	O
the	O
N	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
Cov	O
were	O
screened	O
.	O

The	O
identification	O
of	O
the	O
mAb	O
against	O
the	O
N	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
Cov	O
was	O
performed	O
using	O
indirect	O
enzyme	O
-	O
linked	O
immunosorbent	O
assay	O
(	O
ELISA	O
),	O
indirect	O
fluorescent	O
-	O
antibody	B-COMP
assay	O
(	O
IFA	O
),	O
and	O
Western	O
immunoblotting	O
.	O

Of	O
the	O
4	O
strains	O
,	O
2	O
were	O
identified	O
as	O
the	O
immunoglobulin	B-COMP
G1	I-COMP
(	O
IgG1	B-COMP
)	O
isotype	O
,	O
1	O
IgG2a	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
other	O
IgG2b	B-COMP
,	O
with	O
affinity	O
constants	O
(	O
Ka	O
)	O
of	O
2	O
of	O
the	O
strains	O
being	O
4	O
.	O
14	O
x	O
10	O
(-	O
9	O
)	O
M	O
and	O
3	O
.	O
19	O
x	O
10	O
(-	O
9	O
)	O
M	O
respectively	O
.	O

Of	O
the	O
4	O
strains	O
,	O
2	O
were	O
identified	O
as	O
the	O
immunoglobulin	B-COMP
G1	I-COMP
(	O
IgG1	B-COMP
)	O
isotype	O
,	O
1	O
IgG2a	B-COMP
,	O
and	O
the	O
other	O
IgG2b	B-COMP
,	O
with	O
affinity	O
constants	O
(	O
Ka	O
)	O
of	O
2	O
of	O
the	O
strains	O
being	O
4	O
.	O
14	O
x	O
10	O
(-	O
9	O
)	O
M	O
and	O
3	O
.	O
19	O
x	O
10	O
(-	O
9	O
)	O
M	O
respectively	O
.	O

Two	O
of	O
these	O
patients	O
had	O
died	B-PROC
by	O
8	O
weeks	O
'	O
follow	O
-	O
up	O
.	O

Retrospective	O
case	O
series	O
of	O
adult	O
patients	O
with	O
probable	O
SARS	B-DISO
admitted	O
to	O
the	O
intensive	O
care	O
unit	O
(	O
ICU	O
)	O
of	O
a	O
hospital	O
in	O
Singapore	O
between	O
March	O
6	O
and	O
June	O
6	O
,	O
2003	O
.	O

The	O
primary	O
outcome	O
measure	O
was	O
28	O
-	O
day	O
mortality	O
after	O
symptom	B-DISO
onset	O
.	O

It	O
is	O
caused	O
by	O
the	O
infection	B-DISO
with	O
a	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
,	O
a	O
single	O
strand	O
RNA	O
capsulated	O
virus	B-SPEC
,	O
recently	O
found	O
in	O
a	O
small	O
mammalian	B-SPEC
,	O
the	O
masked	B-SPEC
palm	I-SPEC
civet	I-SPEC
.	O

The	O
first	O
cases	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
have	O
been	O
reported	O
in	O
the	O
Chinese	O
province	O
of	O
Guangdong	O
and	O
,	O
since	O
then	O
,	O
probable	O
cases	O
have	O
been	O
reported	O
world	O
wide	O
.	O

We	O
found	O
7	O
cases	O
(	O
14	O
%)	O
of	O
type	O
2	O
hiatal	B-DISO
hernia	I-DISO
complicated	O
by	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
manifestations	O
as	O
the	O
only	O
symptoms	O
of	O
GERD	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
series	O
is	O
illustrated	O
by	O
the	O
report	O
of	O
1	O
patient	O
who	O
experienced	O
acute	B-DISO
bronchospasm	I-DISO
and	O
cardiopulmonary	B-DISO
arrest	I-DISO
as	O
a	O
complication	B-DISO
of	O
GERD	B-DISO
.	O

Nested	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
was	O
used	O
to	O
amplify	O
the	O
RNA	B-PRGE
polymerase	I-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
of	O
the	O
novel	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
and	O
the	O
PCR	O
products	O
were	O
sequenced	O
directly	O
or	O
after	O
cloned	O
to	O
pMD18	O
-	O
T	O
vector	O
.	O

A	O
novel	B-SPEC
Coronavirus	I-SPEC
has	O
been	O
identified	O
by	O
electron	O
microscopy	O
and	O
molecular	O
assays	O
in	O
multiple	O
laboratories	O
from	O
respiratory	O
specimens	O
throughout	O
the	O
world	O
.	O

The	O
syndrome	O
has	O
been	O
defined	O
as	O
SARS	B-DISO
(	O
Severe	B-DISO
Acute	I-DISO
Respiratory	I-DISO
Syndrome	I-DISO
)	O
by	O
WHO	O
,	O
and	O
is	O
characterized	O
by	O
an	O
incubation	O
period	O
between	O
1	O
and	O
10	O
days	O
(	O
average	O
5	O
days	O
)	O
and	O
by	O
a	O
febrile	B-PROC
phase	O
that	O
usually	O
lasts	O
approximately	O
3	O
days	O
.	O

Alimentotherapy	O
,	O
respiratory	O
auxiliaring	O
ventilation	O
,	O
anti	O
-	O
infective	O
and	O
glucocorticoid	B-CHED
methods	O
were	O
used	O
in	O
western	O
medicine	B-CHED
;	O
Chinese	O
herbal	O
medicine	B-CHED
was	O
used	O
according	O
to	O
syndrome	B-DISO
differentiation	B-PROC
in	O
traditional	O
Chinese	O
medicine	B-CHED
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
In	O
terms	O
of	O
traditional	O
Chinese	O
medicine	B-CHED
theory	O
,	O
SARS	B-DISO
is	O
referred	O
to	O
""""	O
infectious	B-DISO
febrile	B-PROC
disease	O
""","	O
the	O
therapeutic	O
strategies	O
of	O
integrative	O
traditional	O
Chinese	O
and	O
western	O
on	O
SARS	B-DISO
have	O
been	O
shown	O
effective	O
,	O
and	O
traditional	O
Chinese	O
medicine	B-CHED
played	O
a	O
positive	O
role	O
in	O
it	O
.	O

IgG	B-PRGE
anticardiolipin	I-PRGE
,	O
IgG	B-PRGE
anti	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
beta2	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
glycoprotein	I-PRGE
I	I-PRGE
,	I-PRGE
IgG	I-PRGE
antiphosphatidic	I-PRGE
acid	I-PRGE
and	I-PRGE
IgG	I-PRGE
antiphosphatidylserine	I-PRGE
antibodies	B-COMP
were	O
detected	O
by	O
ELISA	O
in	O
low	O
titers	O
within	O
the	O
normal	O
range	O
in	O
the	O
BALF	O
and	O
serum	B-COMP
of	O
nine	O
patients	O
with	O
ALI	O
and	O
17	O
patients	O
with	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

In	O
contrast	O
,	O
its	O
isogenic	O
pgtE	O
mutant	B-DISO
produced	O
fimbriae	B-COMP
consisting	O
exclusively	O
of	O
intact	O
chimeric	O
subunits	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
spike	O
(	O
S	O
)	O
gene	O
of	O
the	O
porcine	O
epidemic	O
diarrhea	O
virus	O
(	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
)	O
Chinju99	O
which	O
was	O
previously	O
isolated	O
in	O
Chinju	O
,	O
Korea	O
was	O
cloned	O
and	O
sequenced	O
to	O
aid	O
in	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
genetically	O
engineered	O
vaccines	O
and	O
diagnostic	O
reagents	B-CHED
against	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
.	O

The	O
amino	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
sequence	O
contained	O
27	O
potential	O
sites	O
for	O
asparagine	B-CHED
(	O
N	O
)-	O
linked	O
glycosylation	B-PROC
and	O
there	O
was	O
a	O
stretch	O
of	O
highly	O
hydrophobic	O
residues	O
at	O
position	O
1	O
,	O
325	O
-	O
1	O
,	O
350	O
.	O

Recognition	O
of	O
ALI	O
as	O
the	O
important	O
index	O
for	O
critical	O
SARS	B-DISO
and	O
comprehensive	O
supportive	O
management	O
are	O
of	O
paramount	O
in	O
decreasing	O
the	O
mortality	O
of	O
the	O
disease	O
.	O

(	O
2	O
)	O
The	O
initial	O
temperature	O
was	O
(	O
38	O
.	O
3	O
+/-	O
0	O
.	O
6	O
)	O
degrees	O
C	O
,	O
while	O
the	O
highest	O
was	O
(	O
39	O
.	O
2	O
+/-	O
0	O
.	O
6	O
)	O
degrees	O
C	O
(	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
001	O
),	O
with	O
fever	B-PROC
duration	O
of	O
(	O
9	O
.	O
0	O
+/-	O
4	O
.	O
2	O
)	O
days	O
.	O

The	O
number	O
of	O
affected	O
lung	B-ANAT
fields	O
was	O
1	O
.	O
2	O
+/-	O

The	O
interval	O
from	O
the	O
beginning	O
of	O
fever	B-PROC
to	O
the	O
onset	O
of	O
abnormal	O
chest	B-ANAT
radiographs	O
was	O
(	O
3	O
.	O
5	O
+/-	O
2	O
.	O
3	O
)	O
days	O
,	O
which	O
increased	O
in	O
size	O
,	O
extent	O
,	O
and	O
severity	O
to	O
the	O
maximum	O
(	O
6	O
.	O
7	O
+/-	O
3	O
.	O
5	O
)	O
days	O
later	O
.	O

0	O
.	O
72	O
)	O
x	O
10	O
(	O
9	O
)/	O
L	O
.	O
(	O
6	O
)	O
The	O
lowest	O
arterial	B-PROC
oxygen	B-CHED
saturation	I-PROC
was	O
(	O
94	O
.	O
8	O
+/-	O

Also	O
included	O
is	O
a	O
summation	B-PROC
of	O
the	O
clinical	O
features	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
(	O
1	O
)	O
SARS	B-DISO
appears	O
to	O
have	O
high	O
infectivity	O
;	O
(	O
2	O
)	O
the	O
most	O
common	O
symptom	B-DISO
is	O
fever	B-PROC
;	O
(	O
3	O
)	O
the	O
count	O
of	O
leukocyte	B-ANAT
is	O
normal	O
or	O
decreased	O
;	O
(	O
4	O
)	O
most	O
patients	O
(	O
35	O
/	O
45	O
,	O
77	O
.	O
8	O
%)	O
had	O
experienced	O
a	O
24	O
-	O
hour	O
fever	B-PROC
prior	O
to	O
the	O
abnormal	O
chest	B-ANAT
X	O
-	O
ray	B-SPEC
changes	O
which	O
showed	O
progression	O
of	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
infiltrates	I-DISO
within	O
48	O
hours	O
in	O
71	O
.	O
1	O
%	O
(	O
32	O
/	O
45	O
)	O
of	O
the	O
patients	O
and	O
,	O
(	O
5	O
)	O
the	O
percentage	O
of	O
patients	O
who	O
developed	O
severe	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
(	O
24	O
.	O
4	O
%)	O
is	O
higher	O
than	O
those	O
who	O
developed	O
typical	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Abnormal	O
CT	O
findings	O
were	O
noted	O
in	O
all	O
the	O
patients	O
,	O
but	O
abnormal	O
chest	B-ANAT
radiographic	O
findings	O
in	O
17	O
cases	O
(	O
60	O
.	O
7	O
%,	O
17	O
/	O
28	O
).	O

All	O
the	O
five	O
patients	O
who	O
died	B-PROC
had	O
CD	O
(	O
4	O
)(+)	O
counts	O
less	O
than	O
200	O
/	O
microliter	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
The	O
numbers	O
of	O
CD	O
(	O
3	O
)(+),	O
CD	O
(	O
4	O
)(+),	O
and	O
CD	O
(	O
8	O
)(+)	O
lymphocytes	B-ANAT
all	O
significantly	O
decreased	O
in	O
acute	O
phase	O
of	O
patients	O
with	O
SARS	B-DISO
[(	O
722	O
+/-	O
533	O
)/	O
microliter	O
,	O
(	O
438	O
+/-	O
353	O
)/	O
microliter	O
,	O
(	O
307	O
+/-	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
:	O
providing	O
care	O
while	O
minimizing	O
personal	O
risks	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Severe	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
poses	O
a	O
threat	O
to	O
most	O
countries	O
because	O
of	O
easy	O
and	O
convenient	O
travel	O
across	O
the	O
globe	B-ANAT
in	O
a	O
matter	O
of	O
hours	O
.	O

By	O
the	O
end	O
of	O
the	O
epidemic	O
,	O
131	O
,	O
132	O
persons	O
had	O
been	O
placed	O
in	O
quarantine	O
,	O
including	O
50	O
,	O
319	O
close	O
contacts	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
and	O
80	O
,	O
813	O
travelers	O
from	O
WHO	O
-	O
designated	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
affected	O
areas	O
.	O

SARS	B-DISO
is	O
pathologically	O
characterized	O
by	O
interstitial	B-ANAT
exudative	B-DISO
inflammation	I-DISO
of	O
lung	B-ANAT
with	O
the	O
formation	B-PROC
of	O
hyaline	B-DISO
membrane	B-COMP
in	O
acute	O
phase	O
.	O

Haemorrhagic	B-DISO
inflammation	I-DISO
exists	O
in	O
extrapulmonary	O
organs	B-ANAT
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Gefitinib	B-CHED
is	O
a	O
potent	O
drug	O
used	O
in	O
the	O
treatment	O
of	O
nonsmall	O
-	O
cell	B-COMP
lung	B-DISO
cancer	B-SPEC
(	O
NSCLC	B-DISO
).	O

Adverse	O
drug	O
reactions	O
,	O
although	O
frequent	O
,	O
are	O
mild	O
,	O
and	O
include	O
acne	B-DISO
-	O
like	O
skin	B-DISO
rash	I-DISO
and	O
diarrhoea	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
present	O
study	O
describes	O
the	O
case	O
of	O
a	O
56	O
-	O
yr	O
-	O
old	O
male	O
with	O
NSCLC	B-DISO
who	O
,	O
4	O
weeks	O
after	O
treatment	O
with	O
gefitinib	B-CHED
,	O
suffered	B-DISO
from	O
a	O
severe	O
alveolar	B-ANAT
haemorrhage	B-DISO
diagnosed	O
by	O
bronchoalveolar	O
lavage	O
.	O

This	O
is	O
the	O
first	O
case	O
report	O
of	O
an	O
acute	O
life	O
-	O
threatening	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
in	O
a	O
patient	O
with	O
nonsmall	O
-	O
cell	B-COMP
lung	B-DISO
cancer	B-SPEC
who	O
had	O
been	O
given	O
gefitinib	B-CHED
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Long	O
-	O
term	O
results	O
of	O
prosthetic	O
mitral	B-ANAT
valve	I-ANAT
replacement	O
with	O
home	O
-	O
made	O
tilting	O
disc	B-COMP
valve	B-ANAT
:	O
a	O
report	O
of	O
125	O
cases	O
].	O

One	O
hundred	O
and	O
five	O
patients	O
,	O
including	O
31	O
patients	O
with	O
rheumatic	B-DISO
mitral	I-DISO
stenosis	I-DISO
,	O
92	O
patients	O
with	O
mixed	O
mitral	B-DISO
stenosis	I-DISO
and	O
regurgitation	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
2	O
patients	O
with	O
bacterial	B-DISO
endocarditis	I-DISO
,	O
underwent	O
prosthetic	O
mitral	B-ANAT
valve	I-ANAT
replacement	O
with	O
home	O
-	O
made	O
tilting	O
disc	B-COMP
valve	B-ANAT
from	O
September	O
1978	O
to	O
June	O
1982	O
.	O

The	O
earliest	O
symptom	B-DISO
of	O
all	O
3	O
cases	O
was	O
hyperpyrexia	B-DISO
and	O
followed	O
by	O
progressive	O
dyspnea	B-DISO
and	O
appearance	O
of	O
lung	B-ANAT
field	I-ANAT
shadows	O
in	O
X	O
rays	B-SPEC
findings	O
.	O

The	O
exudated	O
organization	O
tended	O
to	O
become	O
glomeruloid	O
organizing	O
pneumonitis	B-DISO
in	O
a	O
few	O
avaoli	O
.	O

Electronic	O
microscopy	O
demonstrated	O
clusters	B-CHED
of	O
virus	B-COMP
particles	I-COMP
seen	O
in	O
the	O
lung	B-ANAT
tissue	I-ANAT
.	O

Lungs	B-ANAT
,	O
immune	B-ANAT
system	I-ANAT
and	O
systemic	O
small	B-ANAT
vessels	I-ANAT
are	O
the	O
main	O
target	O
organs	B-ANAT
attacked	O
by	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
.	O

Other	O
atypical	O
pathological	O
changes	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
hydropic	B-DISO
degeneration	I-DISO
,	O
fatty	B-DISO
degeneration	I-DISO
,	O
interstitial	B-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
proliferation	O
and	O
some	O
lesions	O
observed	O
in	O
liver	B-ANAT
,	O
heart	B-ANAT
,	O
kidney	B-ANAT
,	O
pancreas	B-ANAT
may	O
have	O
existed	O
before	O
the	O
hospitalization	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Pathological	O
and	O
ultramicrostructural	O
changes	O
of	O
tissues	B-ANAT
in	O
a	O
patient	O
with	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
].	O

One	O
autopsy	O
case	O
of	O
diagnosed	O
SARS	B-DISO
was	O
investigated	O
.	O

Lung	B-ANAT
puncture	O
was	O
performed	O
immediately	O
after	O
the	O
patient	O
died	B-PROC
,	O
and	O
the	O
autopsy	O
was	O
done	O
after	O
12	O
h	O
.	O
The	O
specimens	O
from	O
lymph	B-ANAT
nodes	I-ANAT
,	O
spleen	B-ANAT
,	O
small	B-ANAT
intestine	I-ANAT
,	O
colon	B-ANAT
and	O
bone	B-ANAT
marrow	I-ANAT
were	O
studied	O
by	O
immunohistochemical	O
technique	O
.	O

Virus	B-SPEC
-	O
like	O
inclusions	O
occasionally	O
contained	O
cytoplasm	B-COMP
of	O
the	O
alveolar	B-ANAT
epithelium	I-ANAT
,	O
which	O
were	O
positive	O
by	O
histochemical	O
staining	O
.	O

The	O
structures	O
of	O
lymph	B-ANAT
nodes	I-ANAT
and	O
spleen	B-ANAT
were	O
damaged	O
with	O
lymph	B-ANAT
follicles	B-ANAT
depletion	O
and	O
splenic	B-ANAT
nodules	B-DISO
atrophy	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
specific	O
lesions	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
consist	O
of	O
lobular	O
intrastitial	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
with	O
the	O
formation	B-PROC
of	O
hyaline	B-DISO
membranes	B-ANAT
of	O
lung	B-ANAT
,	O
haemorrhage	B-DISO
,	O
necrosis	B-PROC
,	O
inflammation	B-DISO
of	O
blood	B-ANAT
vessels	I-ANAT
and	O
the	O
damages	O
of	O
extralung	O
lymphohemopioetic	O
system	O
.	O

According	O
to	O
the	O
virus	B-ANAT
-	I-ANAT
like	I-ANAT
particles	I-ANAT
found	O
in	O
lung	B-ANAT
of	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
case	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
considered	O
that	O
these	O
virus	B-ANAT
-	I-ANAT
like	I-ANAT
particles	I-ANAT
may	O
be	O
a	O
new	O
kind	O
of	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
which	O
caused	O
the	O
""""	O
atypical	B-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
"""."	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
In	O
the	O
real	O
-	O
time	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
assay	O
,	O
the	O
extent	O
of	O
SARS	O
related	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
amplification	B-DISO
was	O
measured	O
in	O
terms	O
of	O
the	O
increase	O
in	O
fluorescence	O
during	O
the	O
amplification	B-DISO
process	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Coronavirus	O
entry	O
is	O
mediated	O
by	O
the	O
viral	O
spike	O
(	O
S	O
)	O
glycoprotein	B-CHED
.	O

Heptad	O
repeat	O
(	O
HR	O
)	O
regions	O
are	O
found	O
in	O
fusion	O
proteins	B-CHED
of	O
many	O
different	O
viruses	B-SPEC
and	O
form	O
an	O
important	O
characteristic	O
of	O
class	B-SPEC
I	O
viral	O
fusion	O
proteins	B-CHED
.	O

Using	O
biological	O
assays	O
,	O
the	O
HR2	O
peptide	B-CHED
was	O
shown	O
to	O
be	O
a	O
potent	O
inhibitor	B-CHED
of	O
virus	B-SPEC
entry	O
into	O
the	O
cell	B-COMP
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
of	O
cell	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
cell	B-COMP
fusion	I-PROC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Recombinant	O
avian	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
bronchitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
expressing	O
a	O
heterologous	O
spike	O
gene	O
demonstrates	O
that	O
the	O
spike	O
protein	O
is	O
a	O
determinant	O
of	O
cell	B-COMP
tropism	B-PROC
.	O

Genomic	O
DNA	O
and	O
mRNA	B-CHED
analyses	O
of	O
the	O
transformed	O
plantlets	O
confirmed	O
the	O
integration	B-PROC
of	O
the	O
foreign	O
cDNA	O
into	O
the	O
potato	B-SPEC
genome	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
its	O
transcription	B-PROC
.	O

These	O
data	O
indicate	O
that	O
DNA	O
vaccination	O
with	O
the	O
S1	B-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
either	O
in	O
ovo	B-SPEC
or	O
intramuscularly	O
can	O
provide	O
birds	B-SPEC
with	O
some	O
protection	O
against	O
clinical	O
disease	O
after	O
homologous	O
IBV	B-SPEC
challenge	O
.	O

In	O
that	O
study	O
,	O
inapparent	O
or	O
mild	O
disease	O
was	O
observed	O
in	O
turkeys	B-SPEC
inoculated	O
with	O
only	O
TCV	B-SPEC
or	O
EPEC	O
,	O
whereas	O
severe	O
growth	B-PROC
depression	B-DISO
and	O
high	O
mortality	O
were	O
observed	O
in	O
dually	O
inoculated	O
turkeys	B-SPEC
.	O

The	O
purpose	O
of	O
the	O
present	O
study	O
was	O
to	O
further	O
evaluate	O
the	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
of	O
combined	O
TCV	B-SPEC
/	O
EPEC	O
infection	B-DISO
in	O
young	O
turkeys	B-SPEC
and	O
determine	O
the	O
role	O
of	O
these	O
agents	O
in	O
the	O
observed	O
synergistic	O
interaction	O
.	O

No	O
clinical	O
sign	O
of	O
disease	O
and	O
no	O
attaching	O
and	O
effacing	O
(	O
AE	O
)	O
lesions	O
characteristic	O
of	O
EPEC	O
were	O
observed	O
in	O
turkeys	O
inoculated	O
with	O
only	O
EPEC	O
isolate	O
R98	O
/	O
5	O
,	O
even	O
when	O
turkeys	B-SPEC
were	O
inoculated	O
with	O
10	O
(	O
10	O
)	O
colony	O
forming	O
units	O
(	O
CFU	O
)	O
EPEC	O
(	O
high	O
dose	O
exposure	O
).	O

Coinfection	B-DISO
of	O
turkeys	B-SPEC
with	O
TCV	B-SPEC
and	O
EPEC	O
resulted	O
in	O
significantly	O
increased	O
(	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
)	O
shedding	O
of	O
EPEC	O
,	O
but	O
not	O
TCV	B-SPEC
,	O
in	O
intestinal	B-ANAT
contents	I-ANAT
of	O
turkeys	B-SPEC
.	O

These	O
findings	O
indicate	O
that	O
TCV	B-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
predisposes	O
young	O
turkeys	B-SPEC
to	O
secondary	O
EPEC	O
infection	B-DISO
and	O
potentiates	O
the	O
expression	B-PROC
of	O
EPEC	O
pathogenicity	O
in	O
young	O
turkeys	B-SPEC
.	O

The	O
agents	O
in	O
the	O
organs	B-ANAT
and	O
cell	B-COMP
cultures	O
were	O
revealed	O
by	O
immunoassay	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Both	O
Chlamydia	B-SPEC
-	O
like	O
and	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
-	O
like	O
particles	O
were	O
found	O
in	O
EM	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
identify	O
the	O
transcription	B-PROC
factor	O
(	O
s	O
)	O
that	O
is	O
essential	O
for	O
activation	O
of	O
mfgl2	O
prothrombinase	B-PRGE
/	O
fibroleukin	B-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
in	O
response	O
to	O
nucleocapsid	B-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
of	I-PRGE
murine	B-DISO
hepatitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
type	I-PRGE
3	I-PRGE
(	O
MHV	B-SPEC
-	O
3	O
).	O

Western	O
blotting	O
was	O
performed	O
to	O
investigate	O
whether	O
HNF4	B-PRGE
is	O
expressed	B-PROC
in	O
macrophages	B-ANAT
of	O
Ba1b	O
/	O
c	O
mice	B-SPEC
where	O
mfgl2	O
is	O
expressed	B-PROC
.	O

Therefore	O
SARS	B-DISO
microbiologic	O
origins	O
remain	O
unclear	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Protecting	O
against	O
SARS	B-DISO
during	O
equipment	O
maintenance	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
recent	O
outbreak	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
raises	O
questions	O
about	O
the	O
appropriate	O
infection	B-DISO
control	O
measures	O
to	O
use	O
when	O
conducting	B-PROC
maintenance	O
procedures	O
on	O
medical	O
devices	O
that	O
may	O
have	O
been	O
exposed	O
to	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
--	O
that	O
is	O
,	O
devices	O
that	O
have	O
been	O
used	O
on	O
,	O
or	O
located	O
in	O
the	O
same	O
room	O
as	O
,	O
a	O
patient	O
with	O
(	O
or	O
suspected	O
to	O
have	O
)	O
SARS	B-DISO
.	O

This	O
article	O
provides	O
guidance	O
for	O
clinical	O
engineering	O
,	O
respiratory	O
therapy	O
,	O
and	O
other	O
personnel	O
involved	O
in	O
maintaining	O
potentially	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
exposed	O
equipment	O
.	O

This	O
raises	O
safety	O
concerns	O
about	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
being	O
carried	O
by	O
droplets	O
that	O
exit	O
from	O
the	O
exhalation	B-PROC
limb	B-ANAT
of	O
the	O
ventilator	O
.	O

Patients	O
with	O
the	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
probable	O
or	O
suspected	O
SARS	B-DISO
admitted	O
to	O
the	O
Taipei	O
Veterans	O
General	O
Hospital	O
during	O
the	O
period	O
from	O
March	O
26	O
,	O
2003	O
to	O
May	O
25	O
,	O
2003	O
were	O
included	O
.	O

Four	O
probable	O
SARS	B-DISO
cases	O
were	O
enrolled	O
.	O

Initially	O
chest	B-ANAT
patterns	O
included	O
focal	O
consolidation	O
,	O
interstitial	B-ANAT
infiltration	B-DISO
or	O
normal	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Aerosolized	O
PGI	B-CHED
(	O
2	O
)	O
therapy	O
(	O
mean	O
dose	O
28	O
+/-	O

Chest	B-ANAT
X	O
-	O
ray	B-SPEC
image	O
features	O
in	O
36	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
SARS	B-DISO
were	O
retrospectively	O
analyzed	O
.	O

Out	O
of	O
the	O
11	O
severe	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
who	O
died	B-PROC
,	O
nine	O
had	O
large	O
area	O
of	O
ground	O
-	O
glass	O
shadow	O
with	O
air	B-CHED
bronchogram	O
in	O
both	O
lungs	B-ANAT
before	O
death	B-PROC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Pathological	O
study	O
on	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
The	O
relationship	O
between	O
serum	B-PRGE
interleukins	I-PRGE
and	O
T	B-ANAT
-	I-ANAT
lymphocyte	I-ANAT
subsets	I-ANAT
in	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
observe	O
the	O
changes	O
of	O
serum	B-COMP
interleukins	O
(	O
IL	O
),	O
T	B-ANAT
-	I-ANAT
lymphocyte	I-ANAT
subsets	I-ANAT
,	O
and	O
white	B-ANAT
blood	I-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
(	O
WBC	B-ANAT
)	O
count	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
),	O
and	O
to	O
investigate	O
the	O
relationship	O
between	O
injured	O
immune	B-PROC
function	I-PROC
,	O
immune	B-PROC
response	I-PROC
and	O
disturbed	O
immune	O
adjustment	O
in	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
.	O

The	O
relationship	O
between	O
the	O
measured	O
results	O
and	O
WBC	B-ANAT
count	O
was	O
further	O
analyzed	O
.	O

The	O
peripheral	B-ANAT
blood	I-ANAT
WBC	B-ANAT
counts	O
were	O
lower	O
than	O
4	O
.	O
0	O
x	O
10	O
(	O
9	O
)/	O
L	O
in	O
10	O
patients	O
,	O
and	O
their	O
CD	O
(	O
3	O
)(+),	O
CD	O
(	O
4	O
)(+)	O
and	O
CD	O
(	O
8	O
)(+)	O
counts	O
were	O
583	O
.	O
90	O
(	O
315	O
.	O
58	O
)	O
x	O
10	O
(	O
6	O
)/	O
L	O
,	O
272	O
.	O
00	O
(	O
94	O
.	O
13	O
)	O
x	O
10	O
(	O
6	O
)/	O
L	O
and	O
209	O
.	O
00	O
(	O
72	O
.	O
21	O
)	O
x	O
10	O
(	O
6	O
)/	O
L	O
,	O
respectively	O
.	O

The	O
decreased	O
CD	O
(	O
3	O
)(+),	O
CD	O
(	O
4	O
)(+)	O
and	O
CD	O
(	O
8	O
)(+)	O
counts	O
were	O
consistent	O
with	O
the	O
decreased	O
WBC	B-ANAT
counts	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Establishment	O
of	O
a	O
fluorescent	O
polymerase	O
chain	O
reaction	O
method	O
for	O
the	O
detection	O
of	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
associated	I-DISO
coronavirus	I-DISO
and	O
its	O
clinical	O
application	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Clinical	O
and	O
imaging	O
findings	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

Clinical	O
symptoms	O
were	O
mild	O
,	O
but	O
X	O
-	O
ray	B-SPEC
and	O
CT	O
findings	O
were	O
distinct	O
.	O

After	O
treatment	O
,	O
most	O
lesions	O
were	O
absorbed	O
completely	O
,	O
but	O
slowly	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
multi	O
-	O
lobe	B-ANAT
consolidation	O
and	O
/	O
or	O
extensive	O
interstitial	B-ANAT
infiltration	B-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
In	O
order	B-SPEC
to	O
stimulate	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
drugs	O
against	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
),	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
atomic	O
coordinates	O
of	O
the	O
SARS	B-PRGE
coronavirus	B-SPEC
main	I-PRGE
proteinase	B-PROC
determined	O
recently	O
[	O
Science	O
13	O
(	O
May	O
)	O
(	O
2003	O
)	O
(	O
online	O
)],	O
studies	O
of	O
docking	B-PROC
KZ7088	O
(	O
a	O
derivative	O
of	O
AG7088	O
)	O
and	O
the	O
AVLQSGFR	O
octapeptide	O
to	O
the	O
enzyme	O
were	O
conducted	O
.	O

We	O
show	O
that	O
IBV	B-SPEC
E	O
and	O
M	O
can	O
be	O
crosslinked	O
to	O
each	O
other	O
in	O
IBV	B-SPEC
-	O
infected	O
and	O
transfected	O
cells	B-COMP
,	O
indicating	O
that	O
they	O
interact	O
.	O

We	O
also	O
examined	O
the	O
ability	O
of	O
the	O
mutant	B-DISO
and	O
chimeric	O
E	O
and	O
M	O
proteins	B-CHED
to	O
form	O
VLPs	B-ANAT
.	O

The	O
authors	O
reviewed	O
their	O
experience	O
with	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
ECMO	O
in	O
pediatric	O
and	O
adult	O
trauma	O
patients	O
with	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
at	O
a	O
children	O
'	O
s	O
medical	O
center	O
.	O

Patients	O
were	O
treated	O
with	O
blood	B-ANAT
product	O
replacement	O
,	O
epsilon	B-CHED
-	I-CHED
aminocaproic	I-CHED
acid	I-CHED
(	O
EACA	B-CHED
),	O
and	O
aprotinin	B-PRGE
infusions	O
.	O

Surgical	O
intervention	O
was	O
not	O
required	O
for	O
bleeding	B-DISO
.	O

Children	O
and	O
adults	O
with	O
severe	O
posttraumatic	O
ARDS	B-DISO
can	O
be	O
treated	O
successfully	O
on	O
VV	O
extracorporeal	O
support	O
.	O

Replication	O
in	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
-	O
infected	O
macaques	B-SPEC
of	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
similar	O
to	O
that	O
in	O
human	B-SPEC
beings	O
with	O
SARS	B-DISO
,	O
combined	O
with	O
the	O
high	O
prevalence	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
CoV	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
in	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
,	O
fulfill	O
the	O
criteria	O
required	O
to	O
prove	O
that	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
is	O
the	O
primary	O
cause	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
.	O

It	O
follows	O
an	O
asthmatic	B-DISO
attack	I-DISO
and	O
the	O
prognosis	O
is	O
poor	O
.	O

Our	O
objective	O
is	O
to	O
describe	O
a	O
case	O
of	O
Hopkins	B-DISO
Syndrome	I-DISO
in	O
Brazil	O
affecting	O
a	O
patient	O
younger	O
than	O
1	O
year	O
.	O

At	O
that	O
time	O
,	O
he	O
presented	O
with	O
flaccid	B-DISO
paralysis	I-DISO
,	O
arreflexia	O
and	O
atrophy	O
of	O
the	O
LL	O
.	O

MUSCLE	B-ANAT
BIOPSY	O
:	O
type	O
grouping	O
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
Hopkins	B-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
should	O
be	O
included	O
in	O
the	O
differential	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
any	O
flaccid	B-DISO
paralysis	I-DISO
when	O
it	O
is	O
associated	O
with	O
an	O
asthma	B-DISO
attack	I-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
SARS	B-DISO
,	O
possible	O
zoonosis	B-DISO
in	O
the	O
area	O
of	O
conflict	O
of	O
pathogenic	O
coronaviruses	O
of	O
animals	B-SPEC
].	O

A	O
broad	O
body	B-ANAT
of	O
knowledge	O
originating	O
from	O
research	O
in	O
veterinary	O
medicine	B-CHED
indicates	O
that	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
vaccines	O
against	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
may	O
be	O
problematic	O
.	O

Eight	O
patients	O
came	O
from	O
a	O
family	B-SPEC
,	O
and	O
15	O
patients	O
were	O
medical	O
staff	O
.	O

The	O
mean	O
leucocyte	B-ANAT
count	O
was	O
(	O
4	O
.	O
6	O
+/-	O
1	O
.	O
4	O
)	O
x	O
10	O
(	O
9	O
)/	O
L	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
mean	O
lymphocyte	B-ANAT
ratio	O
was	O
0	O
.	O
27	O
+/-	O
0	O
.	O
11	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Clinical	O
features	O
and	O
therapy	O
of	O
106	O
cases	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
].	O

A	O
total	O
of	O
106	O
cases	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
were	O
analyzed	O
prospectively	O
.	O

Almost	O
all	O
patients	O
suffered	B-DISO
from	O
hypoxemia	O
(	O
PaO	B-PROC
(	O
2	O
)	O
less	O
than	O
90	O
mm	O
Hg	O
in	O
90	O
.	O
2	O
%,	O
less	O
than	O
70	O
mm	O
Hg	O
in	O
28	O
.	O
6	O
%).	O

Meanwhile	O
,	O
emphasis	O
was	O
placed	O
on	O
oxygen	B-CHED
support	O
and	O
coping	O
with	O
their	O
underlying	O
diseases	O
.	O

Effective	O
treatment	O
includes	O
various	O
regimens	O
,	O
oxygen	B-CHED
support	O
and	O
small	O
doses	O
of	O
steroids	B-CHED
.	O

Three	O
severe	O
patients	O
had	O
secondary	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
after	O
administration	O
of	O
a	O
large	O
dose	O
of	O
glucocorticoid	B-CHED
.	O

A	O
large	O
dose	O
of	O
glucocorticoid	B-CHED
may	O
aggravate	O
the	O
suppression	B-DISO
and	O
make	O
the	O
body	B-ANAT
in	O
an	O
active	O
metabolic	B-PROC
state	O
(	O
the	O
increase	O
of	O
blood	B-ANAT
glucose	B-CHED
and	O
the	O
decrease	O
of	O
sera	B-PRGE
albumin	I-PRGE
).	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Before	O
treatment	O
by	O
methylprednisolone	B-CHED
,	O
the	O
counts	O
of	O
CD	O
(	O
4	O
)(+),	O
CD	O
(	O
8	O
)(+)	O
and	O
CD	O
(	O
3	O
)(+)	O
of	O
27	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
were	O
(	O
401	O
+/-	O
203	O
),	O
(	O
340	O
+/-	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
A	O
novel	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
,	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
)	O
was	O
discovered	O
in	O
association	O
with	O
cases	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
recently	O
.	O

The	O
first	O
step	O
in	O
coronavirus	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
is	O
binding	B-FUNC
of	O
the	O
viral	O
spike	O
protein	B-CHED
to	O
certain	O
receptor	O
on	O
host	B-COMP
cells	B-COMP
.	O

Thus	O
,	O
to	O
develop	O
and	O
expression	B-PROC
protein	B-CHED
fragment	O
from	O
spike	O
protein	B-CHED
gene	O
are	O
the	O
purposes	O
of	O
this	O
experiment	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Clinical	O
analysis	O
of	O
190	O
cases	O
of	O
outbreak	O
with	O
atypical	B-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
in	O
Guangzhou	O
in	O
spring	O
,	O
2003	O
].	O

Most	O
of	O
patients	O
,	O
manifestation	O
of	O
lungs	B-ANAT
was	O
negative	O
.	O

Of	O
these	O
cases	O
,	O
36	O
cases	O
develop	O
to	O
ARDS	B-DISO
and	O
11	O
cases	O
died	B-PROC
with	O
severity	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Management	O
of	O
critical	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
and	O
risk	O
factors	O
for	O
death	B-PROC
].	O

Among	O
them	O
,	O
18	O
patients	O
who	O
presented	O
with	O
SpO	O
(	O
2	O
)	O
of	O
90	O
%	O
-	O
93	O
%	O
at	O
rest	B-FUNC
under	O
O	O
(	O
2	O
)	O
inhalation	B-PROC
5	O
L	O
/	O
min	O
were	O
further	O
recorded	O
for	O
their	O
SpO	O
(	O
2	O
)	O
during	O
slight	O
physical	O
movement	B-PROC
and	O
CPAP	O
.	O

Noninvasive	O
as	O
an	O
add	B-DISO
-	O
on	O
management	O
may	O
probably	O
cut	O
down	O
on	O
the	O
dosage	O
and	O
duration	O
of	O
corticosteriod	O
therapy	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
in	O
78	O
patients	O
:	O
a	O
retrospective	O
study	O
].	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
analyze	O
the	O
clinical	O
features	O
of	O
severe	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
and	O
the	O
diagnosis	O
and	O
treatment	O
of	O
the	O
disease	O
.	O

Seventy	O
-	O
eight	O
patients	O
with	O
SARS	B-DISO
referred	O
to	O
the	O
Guangzhou	O
Institute	O
of	O
Respiratory	B-DISO
Diseases	I-DISO
(	O
GIRD	O
),	O
China	O
from	O
December	O
22	O
,	O
2002	O
to	O
March	O
2003	O
were	O
studied	O
retrospectively	O
.	O

Chest	B-ANAT
X	O
-	O
ray	B-SPEC
and	O
CT	O
scanning	O
revealed	O
changes	O
related	O
to	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Serum	B-ANAT
antibodies	B-COMP
detection	O
for	O
serological	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
].	O

The	O
Kappa	O
of	O
IFA	O
and	O
ELISA	O
for	O
IgM	B-PRGE
and	O
IgG	B-PRGE
were	O
0	O
.	O
640	O
and	O
0	O
.	O
779	O
respectively	O
.	O

Lungs	B-ANAT
fibrosis	B-DISO
was	O
found	O
in	O
some	O
patients	O
in	O
the	O
recovery	O
phase	O
.	O

Blood	B-ANAT
specimens	O
from	O
51	O
patients	O
with	O
AIDS	O
and	O
57	O
normal	O
persons	O
were	O
collected	O
as	O
controls	O
and	O
subjected	O
to	O
the	O
same	O
measurements	O
.	O

The	O
levels	O
of	O
CD3	B-PRGE
(+),	I-PRGE
CD4	B-PRGE
(+)	O
and	O
CD8	B-PRGE
(+)	O
T	B-ANAT
-	I-ANAT
lymphocytes	I-ANAT
in	O
SARS	B-DISO
group	O
[(	O
589	O
+/-	O
435	O
)	O
x	O
10	O
(	O
6	O
)/	O
L	O
,	O
(	O
316	O
+/-	O
267	O
)	O
x	O
10	O
(	O
6	O
)/	O
L	O
and	O
(	O
215	O
+/-	O
165	O
)	O
x	O
10	O
(	O
6	O
)/	O
L	O
,	O
respectively	O
]	O
were	O
significantly	O
lower	O
than	O
those	O
of	O
the	O
normal	O
group	O
(	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
01	O
).	O

The	O
count	O
of	O
T	B-ANAT
-	I-ANAT
lymphocyte	I-ANAT
subsets	I-ANAT
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
group	O
decreased	O
to	O
the	O
lowest	O
level	O
during	O
the	O
10	O
(	O
th	O
)	O
and	O
12	O
(	O
th	O
)	O
day	O
after	O
the	O
onset	O
of	O
symptoms	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Investigate	O
the	O
features	O
of	O
outbreak	O
epidemic	O
,	O
clinical	O
disease	B-DISO
progression	I-DISO
of	O
the	O
first	O
SARS	B-DISO
cases	O
in	O
Beijing	O
and	O
evaluate	O
the	O
efficacy	O
of	O
therapeutic	O
regimen	O
.	O

Twenty	O
patients	O
showed	O
the	O
severe	O
syndrome	B-DISO
with	O
various	O
time	O
ranged	O
from	O
1	O
day	O
to	O
14	O
days	O
.	O

Two	O
patients	O
died	B-PROC
of	O
progressive	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
disease	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
investigate	O
the	O
clinical	O
manifestations	O
,	O
treatment	O
,	O
and	O
outcome	O
of	O
severe	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
).	O

The	O
clinical	O
data	O
of	O
108	O
SARS	B-DISO
in	O
-	O
patients	O
were	O
analyzed	O
.	O

Ninety	O
-	O
four	O
cases	O
were	O
discharged	O
,	O
14	O
cases	O
died	B-PROC
.	O

Treatment	O
by	O
combination	O
of	O
TCM	O
and	O
Western	O
medicine	B-CHED
was	O
effective	O
.	O

METHODS	O
:	O
The	O
outbreak	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
in	O
Hong	O
Kong	O
was	O
reviewed	O
.	O

A	O
case	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
outbreak	O
beginning	O
from	O
a	O
male	O
,	O
74	O
-	O
year	O
-	O
old	O
patient	O
in	O
Beijing	O
.	O

The	O
first	O
onset	O
symptom	B-DISO
of	O
the	O
27	O
cases	O
is	O
high	O
fever	B-PROC
accompany	O
with	O
toxic	B-DISO
symptom	I-DISO
such	O
as	O
muscular	B-ANAT
soreness	B-DISO
,	O
headache	B-DISO
,	O
etc	O
.	O

The	O
amount	O
of	O
end	O
-	O
brush	O
blood	B-ANAT
WBC	B-ANAT
decrease	O
,	O
especially	O
the	O
lymphocyte	B-ANAT
decrease	O
more	O
obviously	O
.	O

The	O
course	O
of	O
a	O
infectious	B-DISO
atypical	B-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
is	O
almost	O
3	O
weeks	O
,	O
the	O
1st	O
week	O
can	O
be	O
decided	O
as	O
early	O
stage	O
,	O
the	O
2nd	O
week	O
is	O
decided	O
as	O
fastigium	B-ANAT
,	O
the	O
3rd	O
week	O
is	O
decided	O
as	O
stage	O
of	O
recovery	O
.	O

The	O
CD	O
(	O
4	O
)(+),	O
CD	O
(	O
8	O
)(+)	O
and	O
CD	O
(	O
3	O
)(+)	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
patient	O
decrease	O
obviously	O
,	O
it	O
seems	O
the	O
immuno	O
-	O
function	O
inhibited	O
seriously	O
.	O

Whether	O
the	O
state	O
of	O
the	O
illness	O
is	O
serious	O
or	O
not	O
seems	O
no	O
obvious	O
relationship	O
to	O
when	O
they	O
are	O
treated	O
by	O
steroid	B-CHED
.	O

The	O
possibility	O
that	O
10	O
or	O
more	O
percent	O
of	O
the	O
world	O
population	O
at	O
risk	O
could	O
eventually	O
be	O
infected	O
with	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
in	O
conjunction	O
with	O
a	O
mortality	O
rate	O
of	O
3	O
-	O
7	O
%	O
or	O
more	O
,	O
and	O
indications	O
of	O
significant	O
improvement	O
in	O
Toronto	O
support	O
the	O
stringent	O
measures	O
that	O
have	O
been	O
taken	O
to	O
isolate	O
diagnosed	O
cases	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Protection	O
against	O
CTL	B-ANAT
escape	O
and	O
clinical	O
disease	O
in	O
a	O
murine	B-SPEC
model	O
of	O
virus	B-SPEC
persistence	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
CTL	O
escape	O
mutations	O
have	O
been	O
identified	O
in	O
several	O
chronic	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
,	O
including	O
mice	B-SPEC
infected	O
with	O
mouse	B-DISO
hepatitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
strain	O
JHM	O
.	O

One	O
outstanding	O
question	O
in	O
understanding	O
CTL	B-ANAT
escape	O
is	O
whether	O
a	O
CD8	B-PRGE
T	I-PRGE
cell	O
response	O
to	O
two	O
or	O
more	O
immunodominant	O
CTL	B-ANAT
epitopes	O
would	O
prevent	O
CTL	B-ANAT
escape	O
.	O

To	O
resolve	O
this	O
apparent	O
contradiction	O
,	O
we	O
engineered	O
a	O
recombinant	O
variant	O
of	O
JHM	O
that	O
expressed	B-PROC
the	O
well	O
-	O
characterized	O
gp33	B-PRGE
epitope	I-PRGE
of	O
lymphocytic	B-SPEC
choriomeningitis	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
,	O
an	O
epitope	B-CHED
with	O
high	O
functional	O
avidity	O
.	O

SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
virus	B-SPEC
replicase	I-PRGE
polyprotein	I-PRGE
ORF1b	I-PRGE
is	O
undergoing	O
negative	O
selection	O
;	O
negative	O
selection	O
force	O
is	O
also	O
probably	O
operating	O
on	O
spike	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Since	O
May	O
8th	O
,	O
Beijing	O
'	O
s	O
severe	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
epidemic	O
is	O
on	O
a	O
continuous	O
decline	O
.	O

The	O
desquamation	O
and	O
hyperplasia	B-DISO
of	O
alveolar	B-ANAT
lining	O
cells	B-COMP
was	O
also	O
apparent	O
.	O

Upon	O
admission	O
into	O
ICU	O
,	O
all	O
patients	O
had	O
poor	O
nutrients	B-CHED
intake	O
for	O
an	O
average	O
of	O
11	O
days	O
and	O
16	O
patients	O
(	O
76	O
.	O
2	O
%)	O
were	O
diagnosed	O
as	O
malnutrition	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
blood	B-ANAT
glucose	B-CHED
maintained	O
at	O
lower	O
level	O
in	O
the	O
surviving	O
patients	O
when	O
compared	O
with	O
those	O
who	O
died	B-PROC
[(	O
9	O
.	O
5	O
+/-	O
2	O
.	O
3	O
)	O
mmol	O
/	O
L	O
vs	O
(	O
6	O
.	O
3	O
+/-	O

80	O
.	O
0	O
%	O
of	O
the	O
patients	O
who	O
died	B-PROC
need	O
insulin	B-PRGE
versus	O
only	O
18	O
.	O
8	O
%	O
of	O
the	O
surviving	O
patients	O
.	O

Among	O
these	O
46	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
,	O
17	O
cases	O
(	O
37	O
.	O
0	O
%)	O
were	O
stool	B-ANAT
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
negative	O
,	O
and	O
29	O
cases	O
(	O
63	O
.	O
0	O
%)	O
were	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
positive	O
.	O

The	O
clinical	O
symptoms	O
are	O
non	O
-	O
specific	O
and	O
during	O
the	O
first	O
few	O
days	O
in	O
particular	O
,	O
are	O
not	O
clinically	O
distinguishable	O
from	O
those	O
of	O
many	O
other	O
viral	O
or	O
bacterial	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
.	O

The	O
implementation	O
of	O
hygienic	O
measures	O
requires	O
attention	O
,	O
because	O
the	O
infection	B-DISO
of	O
personnel	O
in	O
Toronto	O
hospitals	O
still	O
occurred	O
after	O
the	O
virus	O
and	O
transmission	O
routes	O
were	O
known	O
.	O

SARS	B-DISO
is	O
a	O
group	O
A	O
notifiable	O
disease	O
(	O
report	O
if	O
suspected	O
).	O

The	O
mean	O
age	O
of	O
the	O
cases	O
followed	O
up	O
with	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
HELLP	B-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
were	O
30	O
.	O
2	O
+/-	O

HELLP	B-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
was	O
diagnosed	O
on	O
average	O
in	O
the	O
32	O
.	O
6	O
+/-	O

Birth	B-PROC
weights	O
of	O
eleven	O
babies	O
(	O
30	O
%)	O
were	O
below	O
1500	O
g	O
.	O

Six	O
of	O
the	O
thirteen	O
patients	O
who	O
had	O
ARF	B-DISO
were	O
given	O
hemodialysis	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
):	O
a	O
review	O
of	O
the	O
history	O
,	O
epidemiology	O
,	O
prevention	O
,	O
and	O
concerns	O
for	O
the	O
future	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
investigate	O
the	O
clinical	O
characteristics	O
and	O
therapeutic	O
effect	O
in	O
the	O
early	O
stage	O
of	O
patients	O
with	O
Severe	O
Acute	O
Respiratory	O
Syndrome	O
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
).	O

43	O
(	O
95	O
.	O
6	O
%)	O
of	O
all	O
45	O
patients	O
had	O
exposure	O
to	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
and	O
the	O
average	O
incubation	O
time	O
was	O
(	O
7	O
.	O
3	O
+/-	O

The	O
clinical	O
features	O
including	O
fatigue	B-DISO
(	O
60	O
%),	O
dry	B-DISO
cough	I-DISO
(	O
68	O
.	O
9	O
%),	O
dyspnea	B-DISO
(	O
53	O
.	O
3	O
%),	O
joint	B-DISO
pain	I-DISO
(	O
26	O
.	O
7	O
%)	O
and	O
diarrhea	B-DISO
(	O
26	O
.	O
7	O
%).	O

2	O
.	O
9	O
)	O
days	O
from	O
the	O
onset	O
,	O
and	O
CT	O
scanning	O
was	O
better	O
than	O
X	O
-	O
ray	B-SPEC
in	O
the	O
early	O
diagnosis	O
.	O

There	O
was	O
a	O
significant	O
difference	O
in	O
the	O
dosage	O
of	O
steroid	B-CHED
between	O
severe	O
and	O
mild	O
patients	O
[(	O
610	O
.	O
6	O
+/-	O

The	O
IgG	B-COMP
antibody	I-COMP
was	O
detected	O
in	O
22	O
out	O
of	O
34	O
(	O
64	O
.	O
7	O
%)	O
patients	O
and	O
the	O
average	O
time	O
for	O
the	O
occurrence	O
of	O
antibody	B-COMP
was	O
(	O
18	O
.	O
2	O
+/-	O

The	O
plasma	B-ANAT
levels	O
of	O
anti	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
SARS	I-PRGE
coronavirus	B-SPEC
IgG	B-COMP
antibody	I-COMP
of	O
57	O
normal	O
subjects	O
,	O
127	O
physicians	O
and	O
nurses	O
worked	O
in	O
SARS	B-DISO
wards	O
for	O
one	O
month	O
and	O
73	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
with	O
different	O
course	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
were	O
measured	O
by	O
enzyme	O
linked	O
immunosorbent	O
assay	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
retrospectively	O
analyze	O
the	O
X	O
-	O
ray	O
and	O
CT	O
features	O
of	O
patients	O
with	O
suggestive	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
at	O
the	O
early	O
stages	O
.	O

91	O
.	O
3	O
%	O
cases	O
had	O
bilateral	O
involvement	O
and	O
91	O
.	O
2	O
%	O
had	O
multifield	O
involvement	O
(	O
two	O
lung	B-ANAT
fields	O
involvement	O
is	O
47	O
.	O
8	O
%,	O
three	O
and	O
four	O
lung	B-ANAT
fields	O
involvement	O
are	O
both	O
21	O
.	O
7	O
%).	O

The	O
improvement	O
of	O
acute	O
stage	O
lesion	O
in	O
17	O
cases	O
is	O
related	O
to	O
the	O
usage	O
and	O
increased	O
dosage	O
of	O
corticosteroid	B-CHED
,	O
some	O
cases	O
showed	O
non	O
-	O
parallel	O
with	O
symptom	B-DISO
and	O
chest	B-ANAT
X	O
-	O
ray	B-SPEC
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
The	O
chest	B-ANAT
X	O
ray	B-SPEC
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
has	O
some	O
features	O
and	O
its	O
changes	O
can	O
reflect	O
the	O
clinical	O
situation	O
.	O

There	O
was	O
no	O
SARS	B-DISO
affected	O
among	O
the	O
medical	O
faculty	O
during	O
the	O
course	O
of	O
NIPPV	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Clinical	O
analysis	O
of	O
45	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
].	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
explore	O
the	O
clinical	O
and	O
radiology	O
features	O
of	O
Severe	O
Acute	O
Respiratory	O
Syndrome	O
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
).	O

80	O
percent	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
became	O
fever	B-PROC
for	O
24	O
hours	O
and	O
then	O
have	O
abnormal	O
chest	B-ANAT
radiographs	O
,	O
serial	O
chest	B-ANAT
radiographs	O
showed	O
progression	O
of	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
infiltrates	I-DISO
within	O
48	O
hours	O
in	O
71	O
.	O
1	O
percent	O
of	O
patients	O
.	O

Seven	O
hundreds	O
and	O
twenty	O
medical	O
workers	O
including	O
doctors	O
,	O
nurses	O
and	O
nurse	O
-	O
assistants	O
were	O
involved	O
in	O
the	O
medical	O
care	O
of	O
patients	O
with	O
SARS	B-DISO
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
From	O
March	O
15th	O
,	O
2003	O
to	O
May	O
18th	O
,	O
2003	O
,	O
224	O
patients	O
with	O
clinical	O
confirmed	O
SARS	B-DISO
and	O
72	O
patients	O
with	O
clinical	O
suspected	O
SARS	B-DISO
were	O
presented	O
in	O
our	O
hospital	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Predict	O
SARS	B-DISO
infection	B-DISO
with	O
the	O
small	O
world	O
network	O
model	O
].	O

The	O
results	O
show	O
that	O
the	O
SIR	O
model	O
s	O
applicable	O
approximately	O
for	O
describing	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
epidemic	O
situation	O
.	O

The	O
forecasting	O
for	O
SARS	B-DISO
epidemic	O
situation	O
is	O
also	O
given	O
.	O

(	O
4	O
)	O
Collection	O
,	O
transportation	O
,	O
pre	O
-	O
disposal	O
and	O
storage	B-PROC
of	O
specimen	O
from	O
patients	O
with	O
SARS	B-DISO
for	O
testing	O
should	O
be	O
done	O
in	O
leak	O
-	O
resistant	O
environment	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
92	O
%	O
of	O
the	O
residents	O
focused	O
on	O
SARS	O
epidemic	O
in	O
Beijing	O
and	O
72	O
.	O
5	O
%	O
didn	O
'	O
t	O
worry	O
that	O
they	O
would	O
be	O
attacked	O
by	O
SARS	B-DISO
.	O

Meanwhile	O
,	O
60	O
%	O
could	O
follow	O
the	O
government	O
recommendation	O
to	O
prevent	O
SARS	B-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
learn	B-PROC
the	O
knowledge	O
,	O
attitude	O
and	O
practice	O
(	O
KAP	O
)	O
of	O
rural	O
people	O
towards	O
Severe	O
Acute	O
Respiratory	O
Syndrome	O
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
),	O
and	O
to	O
quickly	O
provide	O
the	O
informations	O
to	O
decision	O
-	O
making	O
department	O
.	O

SARS	B-DISO
is	O
extremely	O
contagious	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Limitin	B-PRGE
has	O
sequence	O
homology	O
with	O
alpha	B-PRGE
interferon	I-PRGE
(	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
alpha	I-PRGE
)	O
and	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
beta	I-PRGE
and	O
utilizes	O
the	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
alpha	I-PRGE
/	I-PRGE
beta	I-PRGE
receptor	I-PRGE
.	O

While	O
limitin	O
has	O
antiviral	B-CHED
activity	O
as	O
strong	O
as	O
that	O
of	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
alpha	I-PRGE
in	O
vitro	O
(	O
the	O
concentration	O
that	O
provided	O
50	O
%	O
inhibition	B-PROC
of	O
cytopathic	B-DISO
effect	I-DISO
is	O
approximately	O
30	O
pg	O
/	O
ml	O
),	O
IFN	B-PRGE
regulatory	I-PRGE
factor	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
(	O
IRF	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
)	O
dependencies	O
for	O
induction	O
of	O
an	O
antiviral	B-CHED
state	O
were	O
different	O
for	O
limitin	B-PRGE
and	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
alpha	I-PRGE
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
putative	O
NTPase	B-PRGE
/	O
helicase	B-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
from	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
is	O
postulated	O
to	O
play	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
crucial	O
roles	O
in	O
the	O
viral	B-PROC
life	I-PROC
cycle	I-PROC
,	O
making	O
it	O
an	O
attractive	O
target	O
for	O
anti	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
SARS	I-PRGE
therapy	O
.	O

All	O
eight	O
common	O
NTPs	O
and	O
dNTPs	O
were	O
hydrolyzed	O
by	O
the	O
SARS	O
helicase	O
in	O
a	O
magnesium	B-CHED
-	O
dependent	O
reaction	O
,	O
stimulated	O
by	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
either	O
single	B-CHED
-	I-CHED
stranded	I-CHED
DNA	I-CHED
or	O
RNA	O
.	O

The	O
availability	O
of	O
recombinant	O
forms	O
of	O
key	O
replicative	O
enzymes	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
should	O
pave	O
the	O
way	O
for	O
high	O
-	O
throughput	O
screening	O
approaches	O
to	O
identify	O
candidate	O
inhibitors	O
in	O
compound	O
libraries	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Current	O
status	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
in	O
China	O
.	O

On	O
April	O
16	O
,	O
2003	O
,	O
World	O
Health	O
Organization	O
(	O
WHO	O
)	O
formally	O
declared	O
that	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
was	O
an	O
etiological	O
agent	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
clinical	O
presentation	O
,	O
chest	B-ANAT
radiographs	O
,	O
white	B-ANAT
blood	I-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
count	O
and	O
outcome	O
of	O
45	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
from	O
April	O
5	O
to	O
20	O
2003	O
were	O
compared	O
,	O
with	O
those	O
of	O
80	O
CAP	B-DISO
patients	O
from	O
October	O
1	O
2002	O
to	O
April	O
1	O
2003	O
in	O
our	O
hospital	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
clinical	O
features	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
were	O
summarized	O
.	O

(	O
1	O
)	O
Fever	B-PROC
above	O
38	O
.	O
5	O
centigrade	O
,	O
dry	B-DISO
cough	I-DISO
,	O
short	B-DISO
of	I-DISO
breath	I-DISO
,	O
headache	B-DISO
,	O
myalgia	B-DISO
,	O
diarrhea	B-DISO
in	O
SARS	B-DISO
were	O
more	O
common	O
in	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
than	O
those	O
in	O
CAP	B-DISO
(	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
01	O
).	O

(	O
2	O
)	O
Leucopenia	B-DISO
was	O
more	O
common	O
and	O
leukocytosis	B-DISO
was	O
less	O
common	O
in	O
SARS	B-DISO
than	O
those	O
in	O
CAP	B-DISO
(	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
01	O
).	O

(	O
5	O
)	O
The	O
ratio	O
of	O
severe	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
and	O
mortality	O
in	O
SARS	B-DISO
was	O
much	O
higher	O
than	O
in	O
CAP	B-DISO
(	O
both	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
01	O
).	O

The	O
most	O
common	O
symptoms	O
included	O
fever	B-PROC
(	O
in	O
100	O
.	O
0	O
percent	O
of	O
the	O
patients	O
),	O
cough	B-DISO
(	O
74	O
.	O
3	O
percent	O
),	O
headache	B-DISO
(	O
45	O
.	O
7	O
percent	O
),	O
myalgia	B-DISO
(	O
45	O
.	O
7	O
percent	O
)	O
and	O
lymphopenia	B-DISO
(	O
20	O
/	O
33	O
).	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
SARS	B-DISO
is	O
a	O
serious	O
respiratory	O
illness	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
M	O
protein	B-CHED
,	O
the	O
most	O
abundant	O
coronaviral	O
envelope	B-COMP
component	O
,	O
is	O
invariably	O
glycosylated	O
,	O
which	O
provides	O
the	O
virion	B-COMP
with	O
a	O
diffuse	O
,	O
hydrophilic	O
cover	O
on	O
its	O
outer	O
surface	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
it	O
affected	O
their	O
interferogenic	O
capacity	O
as	O
measured	O
using	O
fixed	B-ANAT
,	O
virus	B-SPEC
-	O
infected	O
cells	B-COMP
.	O

Viruses	B-SPEC
containing	O
M	O
proteins	B-CHED
with	O
N	O
-	O
linked	O
sugars	O
induced	O
type	O
I	O
interferons	O
to	O
higher	O
levels	O
than	O
viruses	B-SPEC
carrying	O
M	O
proteins	B-CHED
with	O
O	O
-	O
linked	O
sugars	O
.	O

Strikingly	O
,	O
their	O
abilities	O
to	O
replicate	O
in	O
the	O
liver	B-ANAT
correlated	O
with	O
their	O
in	O
vitro	O
interferogenic	O
capacity	O
.	O

This	O
apparent	O
correlation	O
might	O
be	O
explained	O
by	O
the	O
functioning	O
of	O
lectins	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
the	O
mannose	B-PRGE
receptor	I-PRGE
,	O
which	O
are	O
abundantly	O
expressed	B-PROC
in	O
the	O
liver	B-ANAT
but	O
also	O
play	O
a	O
role	O
in	O
the	O
induction	O
of	O
interferon	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
alpha	I-PRGE
by	O
dendritic	B-ANAT
cells	B-COMP
.	O

A	O
large	O
quantity	O
of	O
proliferated	O
macrophages	B-ANAT
could	O
be	O
observed	O
in	O
the	O
lungs	B-ANAT
,	O
spleens	B-ANAT
and	O
lymph	B-ANAT
nodes	I-ANAT
of	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
,	O
some	O
of	O
which	O
were	O
positive	O
for	O
CD25	B-PRGE
marker	O
(	O
active	O
macrophages	B-ANAT
).	O

Significantly	O
enhanced	O
activity	O
of	O
the	O
macrophages	B-ANAT
occurs	O
in	O
SARS	B-DISO
as	O
the	O
major	O
reactive	O
cells	B-COMP
,	O
but	O
T	B-ANAT
lymphocyte	I-ANAT
subsets	I-ANAT
are	O
obviously	O
decreased	O
,	O
indicating	O
the	O
important	O
roles	O
of	O
the	O
macrophages	B-ANAT
and	O
T	B-ANAT
lymphocytes	I-ANAT
in	O
the	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
A	O
large	O
quantity	O
of	O
proliferated	O
macrophages	B-ANAT
could	O
be	O
observed	O
in	O
the	O
lungs	B-ANAT
,	O
spleens	B-ANAT
and	O
lymph	B-ANAT
nodes	I-ANAT
of	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
,	O
some	O
of	O
which	O
were	O
positive	O
for	O
CD25	B-PRGE
marker	O
(	O
active	O
macrophages	B-ANAT
).	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
Significantly	O
enhanced	O
activity	O
of	O
the	O
macrophages	B-ANAT
occurs	O
in	O
SARS	B-DISO
as	O
the	O
major	O
reactive	O
cells	B-COMP
,	O
but	O
T	B-ANAT
lymphocyte	I-ANAT
subsets	I-ANAT
are	O
obviously	O
decreased	O
,	O
indicating	O
the	O
important	O
roles	O
of	O
the	O
macrophages	B-ANAT
and	O
T	B-ANAT
lymphocytes	I-ANAT
in	O
the	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
.	O

This	O
study	O
was	O
designed	O
to	O
clarify	O
the	O
role	O
of	O
iNOS	B-PRGE
in	O
mediating	O
extrapulmonary	O
comorbidity	O
in	O
sheep	B-SPEC
after	O
combined	O
burn	O
and	O
smoke	O
inhalation	B-PROC
injuries	O
using	O
a	O
potent	O
and	O
highly	O
selective	O
iNOS	B-PRGE
dimerization	I-PRGE
inhibitor	I-PRGE
,	O
BBS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
.	O

The	O
outbreak	O
started	O
with	O
a	O
SARS	B-DISO
patient	O
from	O
the	O
community	O
on	O
30	O
January	O
2003	O
,	O
followed	O
by	O
a	O
total	O
of	O
96	O
people	O
[	O
76	O
women	O
and	O
20	O
men	O
;	O
mean	O
age	O
(	O
29	O
.	O
5	O
+/-	O

68	O
.	O
8	O
%	O
of	O
the	O
patients	O
were	O
treated	O
with	O
methylprednisolone	B-CHED
for	O
a	O
mean	O
period	O
l	O
of	O
(	O
4	O
.	O
9	O
+/-	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
The	O
outbreak	O
started	O
with	O
a	O
SARS	B-DISO
patient	O
from	O
the	O
community	O
on	O
30	O
January	O
2003	O
,	O
followed	O
by	O
a	O
total	O
of	O
96	O
people	O
[	O
76	O
women	O
and	O
20	O
men	O
;	O
mean	O
age	O
(	O
29	O
.	O
5	O
+/-	O

37	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
fulfilled	O
the	O
Guangdong	O
provincial	O
diagnostic	O
criteria	O
for	O
infectious	B-DISO
atypical	B-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
and	O
35	O
health	O
controls	O
were	O
investigated	O
.	O

Evidence	O
to	O
date	O
suggests	O
that	O
SARS	B-DISO
is	O
a	O
severe	O
respiratory	O
illness	O
spread	O
mainly	O
by	O
respiratory	O
droplets	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
genome	O
organization	O
and	O
expression	B-PROC
strategy	O
of	O
the	O
newly	O
identified	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
were	O
predicted	O
using	O
recently	O
published	O
genome	O
sequences	O
.	O

Fourteen	O
putative	O
open	O
reading	O
frames	O
were	O
identified	O
,	O
12	O
of	O
which	O
were	O
predicted	O
to	O
be	O
expressed	B-PROC
from	O
a	O
nested	O
set	O
of	O
eight	O
subgenomic	O
mRNAs	O
.	O

The	O
synthesis	B-PROC
of	O
these	O
mRNAs	O
in	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
-	O
infected	O
cells	B-COMP
was	O
confirmed	O
experimentally	O
.	O

The	O
4382	O
-	O
and	O
7073	O
amino	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
residue	I-CHED
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
replicase	B-PRGE
polyproteins	O
are	O
predicted	O
to	O
be	O
cleaved	B-ANAT
into	O
16	O
subunits	O
by	O
two	O
viral	O
proteinases	O
(	O
bringing	O
the	O
total	O
number	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
proteins	B-CHED
to	O
28	O
).	O

To	O
describe	O
the	O
radiographic	O
features	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
in	O
a	O
cluster	O
of	O
affected	O
children	O
.	O

Severe	O
malaria	B-PATH
is	O
almost	O
exclusively	O
caused	O
by	O
Plasmodium	B-SPEC
falciparum	I-SPEC
.	O

Renal	B-ANAT
replacement	O
therapy	O
should	O
be	O
initiated	O
early	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
The	O
first	O
SARS	B-DISO
case	O
was	O
identified	O
in	O
Foshan	O
municipality	O
on	O
November	O
16	O
,	O
2002	O
,	O
followed	O
by	O
1	O
511	O
clinically	O
confirmed	O
cases	O
(	O
including	O
58	O
deaths	B-PROC
)	O
up	O
to	O
May	O
15	O
,	O
2003	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
explore	O
the	O
effect	O
of	O
glucocorticoid	O
in	O
the	O
treatment	O
for	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
).	O

(	O
2	O
)	O
Average	O
length	O
of	O
hospital	O
stay	O
was	O
16	O
.	O
9	O
days	O
for	O
the	O
all	O
70	O
cases	O
,	O
and	O
16	O
.	O
8	O
days	O
for	O
the	O
11	O
cases	O
without	O
glucocorticoid	B-CHED
treatment	O
,	O
without	O
statistical	O
significance	O
(	O
F	O
=	O
1	O
.	O
018	O
,	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
39	O
).	O

(	O
3	O
)	O
The	O
other	O
59	O
cases	O
were	O
administered	O
with	O
40	O
mg	O
to	O
640	O
mg	O
of	O
methylprednisolone	B-CHED
daily	O
.	O

(	O
4	O
)	O
Average	O
hospital	O
stay	O
was	O
15	O
days	O
for	O
the	O
23	O
cases	O
with	O
lower	O
dose	O
of	O
40	O
mg	O
to	O
80	O
mg	O
methylprednisolone	B-CHED
daily	O
,	O
18	O
.	O
5	O
days	O
for	O
the	O
27	O
cases	O
with	O
medium	O
dose	O
of	O
120	O
mg	O
to	O
240	O
mg	O
daily	O
,	O
and	O
17	O
.	O
9	O
days	O
for	O
the	O
nine	O
cases	O
with	O
higher	O
dose	O
of	O
320	O
mg	O
to	O
640	O
mg	O
daily	O
(	O
F	O
=	O
1	O
.	O
018	O
,	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
39	O
).	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
(	O
1	O
)	O
Sixty	O
-	O
three	O
of	O
70	O
cases	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
recovered	O
and	O
seven	O
cases	O
died	B-PROC
,	O
with	O
a	O
case	O
-	O
fatality	O
ratio	O
of	O
10	O
%.	O

(	O
4	O
)	O
Average	O
hospital	O
stay	O
was	O
15	O
days	O
for	O
the	O
23	O
cases	O
with	O
lower	O
dose	O
of	O
40	O
mg	O
to	O
80	O
mg	O
methylprednisolone	B-CHED
daily	O
,	O
18	O
.	O
5	O
days	O
for	O
the	O
27	O
cases	O
with	O
medium	O
dose	O
of	O
120	O
mg	O
to	O
240	O
mg	O
daily	O
,	O
and	O
17	O
.	O
9	O
days	O
for	O
the	O
nine	O
cases	O
with	O
higher	O
dose	O
of	O
320	O
mg	O
to	O
640	O
mg	O
daily	O
(	O
F	O
=	O
1	O
.	O
018	O
,	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
39	O
).	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
evaluate	O
the	O
influence	O
of	O
the	O
surveillance	O
system	O
and	O
preventive	O
measurements	O
on	O
the	O
control	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
in	O
a	O
university	O
in	O
Guangdong	O
Province	O
.	O

SARS	B-DISO
could	O
be	O
effectively	O
controlled	O
in	O
university	O
only	O
if	O
strict	O
surveillance	O
system	O
is	O
built	O
up	O
,	O
and	O
all	O
-	O
round	O
preventions	O
,	O
including	O
early	O
isolation	O
of	O
both	O
confirmed	O
or	O
suspected	O
cases	O
and	O
close	O
contacted	O
persons	O
,	O
are	O
carried	O
out	O
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
SARS	B-DISO
could	O
be	O
effectively	O
controlled	O
in	O
university	O
only	O
if	O
strict	O
surveillance	O
system	O
is	O
built	O
up	O
,	O
and	O
all	O
-	O
round	O
preventions	O
,	O
including	O
early	O
isolation	O
of	O
both	O
confirmed	O
or	O
suspected	O
cases	O
and	O
close	O
contacted	O
persons	O
,	O
are	O
carried	O
out	O
.	O

IHF	O
'	O
s	O
ability	O
for	O
concerted	O
binding	B-FUNC
and	O
bending	B-DISO
of	O
DNA	O
is	O
key	O
to	O
its	O
biological	B-PROC
function	I-PROC
.	O

Here	O
we	O
report	O
the	O
design	O
,	O
characterization	O
and	O
application	O
of	O
a	O
single	O
polypeptide	B-CHED
chain	I-CHED
IHF	O
,	O
termed	O
scIHF2	O
.	O

DNA	B-FUNC
binding	I-FUNC
and	O
DNA	O
bending	B-DISO
assays	O
revealed	O
that	O
purified	O
wild	O
-	O
type	O
IHF	O
and	O
scIHF2	O
behave	O
very	O
similarly	O
.	O

The	O
dictum	O
of	O
public	O
health	O
practice	O
especially	O
for	O
infectious	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
is	O
""""	O
prevention	O
better	O
than	O
cure	O
"""."	O

With	O
the	O
emergence	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
,	O
this	O
might	O
be	O
the	O
time	O
to	O
globalise	O
public	O
health	O
medicine	B-CHED
as	O
an	O
important	O
component	O
of	O
medical	O
practice	O
.	O

there	O
are	O
not	O
a	O
strong	O
relationship	O
of	O
diarrhoea	B-DISO
by	O
shortage	O
environmental	O
health	O
in	O
this	O
study	O
;	O
6	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Exogenous	O
porcine	B-SPEC
viruses	B-SPEC
.	O

The	O
ability	O
of	O
several	O
porcine	B-SPEC
viruses	B-SPEC
to	O
cause	O
transplacental	O
fetal	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
(	O
parvoviruses	B-SPEC
,	O
circoviruses	O
,	O
and	O
arteriviruses	B-SPEC
),	O
emergence	O
or	O
recognition	O
of	O
several	O
new	O
porcine	B-SPEC
viruses	B-SPEC
during	O
the	O
last	O
two	O
decades	O
(	O
porcine	B-SPEC
circovirus	I-SPEC
,	O
arterivirus	B-SPEC
,	O
paramyxoviruses	O
,	O
herpesviruses	B-SPEC
,	O
and	O
porcine	B-SPEC
respiratory	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
)	O
and	O
the	O
immunosuppressed	O
state	O
of	O
the	O
transplant	B-ANAT
recipients	O
increases	O
the	O
xenozoonoses	O
risk	O
of	O
humans	B-SPEC
to	O
porcine	B-SPEC
viruses	B-SPEC
through	O
transplantation	O
.	O

We	O
have	O
also	O
presented	O
information	O
on	O
porcine	B-SPEC
parvovirus	I-SPEC
,	O
Japanese	B-SPEC
encephalitis	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
,	O
encephalomyocarditis	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
,	O
herpesviruses	B-SPEC
(	O
pseudorabies	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
,	O
porcine	B-SPEC
lymphotropic	O
herpesvirus	B-SPEC
,	O
porcine	B-SPEC
cytomegalovirus	I-SPEC
),	O
coronaviruses	O
(	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
,	O
PRCV	O
,	O
HEV	B-SPEC
,	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
)	O
and	O
adenovirus	B-DISO
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
siRNA	O
may	O
be	O
effective	O
in	O
inhibiting	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
associated	I-DISO
coronavirus	I-DISO
replication	O
.	O

Among	O
the	O
96	O
cases	O
,	O
26	O
cases	O
(	O
27	O
%)	O
had	O
diarrhea	B-DISO
,	O
17	O
(	O
18	O
%)	O
had	O
nausea	B-DISO
,	O
6	O
(	O
6	O
%)	O
had	O
vomiting	B-DISO
,	O
16	O
(	O
17	O
%)	O
had	O
bellyache	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
8	O
(	O
8	O
%)	O
had	O
ALT	B-FUNC
elevation	O
.	O

Patients	O
with	O
SARS	B-DISO
may	O
have	O
digestive	B-ANAT
system	I-ANAT
manifestations	O
;	O
diarrhea	B-DISO
is	O
the	O
most	O
common	O
symptom	B-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
A	O
sudden	O
unexpected	O
death	B-PROC
is	O
reported	O
in	O
a	O
15	O
-	O
month	O
old	O
boy	O
,	O
born	O
with	O
an	O
extremely	O
low	O
birth	B-PROC
weight	O
and	O
then	O
had	O
suffered	B-DISO
prolonged	O
respiratory	B-DISO
complications	I-DISO
arising	O
from	O
infantile	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

The	O
aim	O
of	O
this	O
study	O
was	O
to	O
clarify	O
the	O
immunohistochemical	O
distribution	O
of	O
surfactant	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
associated	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
A	I-PRGE
(	O
SP	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
A	I-PRGE
)	O
for	O
early	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
with	O
special	O
regard	O
to	O
hyaline	B-DISO
membrane	B-COMP
(	O
HM	O
)	O
formation	B-PROC
.	O

ARDS	B-DISO
were	O
observed	O
in	O
23	O
cases	O
,	O
showing	O
speckled	O
SP	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
A	I-PRGE
immunostaining	O
.	O

During	O
the	O
early	O
,	O
exudative	O
phase	O
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
,	O
characteristic	O
SP	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
A	I-PRGE
distribution	O
showed	O
intense	O
staining	O
in	O
the	O
intra	O
-	O
alveolar	B-ANAT
massive	O
aggregates	O
and	O
thick	O
'	B-DISO
peeling	I-DISO
'-	O
like	O
substances	O
accompanied	O
with	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
granular	B-ANAT
staining	O
.	O

Characteristic	O
SP	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
A	I-PRGE
distribution	O
in	O
the	O
exudative	O
phase	O
appeared	O
to	O
be	O
especially	O
useful	O
for	O
early	O
histopathological	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
respiratory	B-DISO
distress	I-DISO
,	O
even	O
prior	O
to	O
the	O
appearance	O
of	O
typical	O
HMs	B-DISO
.	O

These	O
results	O
might	O
reflect	O
chronic	O
hypoxic	O
condition	B-DISO
before	O
death	B-PROC
,	O
because	O
ORP	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
150	I-PRGE
is	O
only	O
induced	O
when	O
a	O
hypoxic	B-DISO
condition	B-DISO
exist	O
,	O
but	O
not	O
acute	O
hypoxia	B-DISO
.	O

And	O
chronic	O
hypoxic	B-DISO
state	O
is	O
likely	O
to	O
be	O
antecedent	O
to	O
SIDS	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Respiratory	B-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
:	O
principles	O
and	O
current	O
therapy	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
MARS	O
therapy	O
was	O
associated	O
with	O
marked	O
reduction	O
of	O
albumin	B-PRGE
bound	O
toxins	B-CHED
and	O
water	B-CHED
soluble	O
toxins	B-CHED
,	O
together	O
with	O
a	O
significant	O
removal	O
of	O
NO	O
and	O
certain	O
cytokines	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
TNF	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
alpha	I-PRGE
,	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
6	I-FUNC
,	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
8	I-FUNC
,	O
and	O
INF	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
gamma	I-PRGE
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
summarize	O
the	O
clinical	O
features	O
of	O
liver	B-ANAT
injury	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
),	O
providing	O
information	O
for	O
further	O
mechanism	O
and	O
clinical	O
study	O
.	O

In	O
the	O
first	O
week	O
,	O
only	O
15	O
.	O
2	O
%	O
patients	O
had	O
elevated	O
serum	B-PRGE
endotoxin	I-PRGE
level	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Multiple	O
sequence	O
alignment	O
among	O
12	O
complete	O
SARS	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
sequences	O
reveals	O
that	O
the	O
major	O
parts	O
of	O
29708	O
b	O
of	O
the	O
genomes	O
have	O
99	O
.	O
82	O
%	O
identical	O
bases	B-CHED
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Genomic	O
characterization	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
:	O
a	O
novel	O
member	O
of	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
].	O

SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
evolutionally	O
closes	O
to	O
other	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
in	O
their	O
corresponding	O
proteins	B-CHED
,	O
such	O
as	O
spike	O
protein	B-CHED
,	O
small	B-PRGE
membrane	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
and	I-PRGE
nucleocapsid	B-COMP
protein	B-CHED
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
A	O
previously	O
healthy	O
patient	O
was	O
transferred	O
to	O
our	O
infectious	B-DISO
department	O
with	O
a	O
9	O
-	O
day	O
-	O
history	O
of	O
continued	O
fever	B-PROC
.	O

We	O
initiated	O
MARS	O
therapy	O
(	O
extracorporeal	O
liver	B-ANAT
support	O
utilizing	O
albumin	B-PRGE
dialysis	B-SPEC
)	O
with	O
intention	O
to	O
positively	O
influence	O
the	O
organ	B-ANAT
functions	O
in	O
his	O
MODS	B-DISO
on	O
the	O
basis	O
of	O
recently	O
published	O
studies	O
which	O
suggested	O
a	O
positive	O
impact	O
of	O
MARS	O
in	O
multiorgan	O
failure	O
secondary	O
to	O
respiratory	O
illnesses	O
and	O
the	O
possible	O
influence	O
on	O
inflammatory	O
mediators	O
and	O
cytokines	O
.	O

Immunohistochemical	O
examination	O
demonstrated	O
a	O
marked	O
increase	O
in	O
immunoreactivity	B-PROC
for	O
intracellular	B-PRGE
adhesion	B-DISO
molecule	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
(	O
ICAM	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
),	O
P	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
selectin	I-PRGE
and	O
E	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
selectin	I-PRGE
in	O
the	O
pancreas	B-ANAT
and	O
lung	B-ANAT
of	O
cerulein	B-CHED
-	O
treated	O
mice	B-SPEC
.	O

We	O
have	O
constructed	O
a	O
prototype	O
RNA	O
vector	O
containing	O
the	O
5	O
'	O
and	O
3	O
'	O
ends	O
of	O
the	O
human	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
genome	O
,	O
the	O
entire	O
human	B-PRGE
coronavirus	I-PRGE
replicase	I-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
,	O
and	O
three	O
reporter	O
genes	O
(	O
i	O
.	O
e	O
.,	O
the	O
chloramphenicol	B-PRGE
acetyltransferase	I-PRGE
[	I-PRGE
CAT	B-SPEC
]	I-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
,	O
the	O
firefly	O
luciferase	O
[	O
LUC	O
]	O
gene	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
green	B-PRGE
fluorescent	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
[	O
GFP	O
]	O
gene	O
).	O

In	O
summary	O
,	O
we	O
describe	O
a	O
new	O
class	B-SPEC
of	O
eukaryotic	O
,	O
multigene	O
expression	B-PROC
vectors	O
that	O
are	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
human	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
229E	I-SPEC
and	O
have	O
the	O
ability	O
to	O
transduce	O
human	B-SPEC
dendritic	B-ANAT
cells	B-COMP
.	O

The	O
current	O
authors	O
tested	O
a	O
therapeutic	O
intervention	O
on	O
a	O
previously	O
defined	O
pathophysiological	O
model	O
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
High	O
-	O
dose	O
pulse	B-PROC
versus	O
nonpulse	O
corticosteroid	B-CHED
regimens	O
in	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
treatment	O
of	O
atypical	O
pneumonia	O
,	O
subsequently	O
termed	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
),	O
is	O
controversial	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
efficacy	O
of	O
corticosteroid	B-CHED
therapy	O
is	O
unknown	O
.	O

Chest	B-ANAT
radiographs	O
were	O
scored	O
according	O
to	O
the	O
percentage	O
of	O
lung	B-ANAT
field	I-ANAT
involved	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
in	O
children	O
.	O

The	O
causative	O
agent	O
has	O
been	O
identified	O
as	O
a	O
novel	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
,	O
and	O
children	O
appear	O
to	O
acquire	O
the	O
infection	B-DISO
by	O
close	O
-	O
contact	O
household	O
exposure	O
to	O
an	O
infected	O
adult	O
.	O

Diagnosis	O
was	O
characteristically	O
delayed	O
until	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
complicated	O
a	O
respiratory	B-DISO
tract	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
at	O
13	O
months	O
,	O
prompting	O
high	O
-	O
resolution	O
computerized	O
tomography	O
(	O
HRCT	O
)	O
of	O
the	O
chest	B-ANAT
.	O

He	O
gradually	O
deteriorated	O
,	O
eventually	O
requiring	O
ventilatory	O
support	O
;	O
death	B-PROC
occurred	O
at	O
age	O
15	O
months	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
--	O
a	O
new	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
from	O
the	O
Chinese	O
dragon	O
'	O
s	O
lair	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Application	O
of	O
Molecular	O
Adsorbents	O
Recirculating	O
System	O
to	O
remove	O
NO	O
and	O
cytokines	O
in	O
severe	O
liver	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
patients	O
with	O
multiple	B-DISO
organ	I-DISO
dysfunction	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

We	O
can	O
confirm	O
the	O
positive	O
therapeutic	O
impact	O
and	O
safety	O
to	O
use	O
MARS	O
on	O
liver	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
patients	O
with	O
MODS	B-DISO
associated	O
with	O
elevated	O
levels	O
of	O
NO	O
and	O
cytokines	O
.	O

This	O
was	O
later	O
termed	O
by	O
the	O
World	O
Health	O
Organisation	B-PROC
as	O
Severe	B-DISO
Acute	I-DISO
Respiratory	I-DISO
Syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
).	O

When	O
compared	O
to	O
uvMHV3	O
,	O
a	O
single	O
immunization	O
with	O
a	O
related	O
infectious	O
MHV	B-SPEC
strain	O
induced	O
a	O
higher	O
antibody	B-COMP
synthesis	B-PROC
and	O
led	O
the	O
HIII	O
mice	B-SPEC
to	O
resist	O
the	O
MHV3	O
challenge	O
.	O

Our	O
findings	O
also	O
suggest	O
that	O
HO	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
induction	O
may	O
play	O
an	O
important	O
role	O
in	O
conferring	O
protection	O
on	O
hepatocytes	B-ANAT
from	O
oxidative	B-PATH
damage	I-PATH
caused	O
by	O
free	O
heme	B-CHED
.	O

Virus	B-COMP
particles	I-COMP
were	O
at	O
various	O
stages	O
of	O
fusion	O
at	O
the	O
cell	B-COMP
surface	I-COMP
,	O
since	O
entry	O
was	O
not	O
a	O
synchronised	O
process	O
.	O

After	O
entry	O
(	O
10	O
and	O
15	O
min	O
),	O
spherical	O
core	O
particles	O
moved	O
into	O
the	O
cytoplasm	B-COMP
within	O
large	O
vacuoles	B-COMP
.	O

Quite	O
surprising	O
at	O
such	O
early	O
stages	O
of	O
infection	B-DISO
(	O
20	O
min	O
),	O
a	O
virus	B-SPEC
-	O
induced	O
change	O
in	O
the	O
infected	O
cells	B-COMP
was	O
evident	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
We	O
analyzed	O
temporal	O
stability	O
and	O
geographic	O
trends	O
in	O
cumulative	O
case	O
-	O
fatality	O
rates	O
and	O
average	O
doubling	O
times	O
of	O
severe	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
).	O

He	O
later	O
developed	O
a	O
myocardial	B-DISO
infarct	I-DISO
and	O
coagulopathy	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
succumbed	O
to	O
his	O
illness	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Association	O
of	O
HLA	B-PRGE
class	B-SPEC
I	O
with	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
.	O

HLA	B-PRGE
-	O
class	B-SPEC
I	O
and	O
II	O
allele	O
typing	O
by	O
PCR	O
-	O
SSOP	O
was	O
performed	O
on	O
37	O
cases	O
of	O
probable	O
SARS	B-DISO
,	O
28	O
fever	B-PROC
patients	O
excluded	O
later	O
as	O
probable	O
SARS	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
101	O
non	O
-	O
infected	O
health	O
care	O
workers	O
who	O
were	O
exposed	O
or	O
possibly	O
exposed	O
to	O
SARS	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
.	O

After	O
selecting	O
only	O
a	O
""""	O
severe	O
cases	O
""""	O
patient	O
group	O
from	O
the	O
infected	O
""""	O
probable	O
SARS	B-DISO
""""	O
patient	O
group	O
and	O
comparing	O
them	O
with	O
the	O
high	O
risk	O
health	O
care	O
workers	O
group	O
,	O
the	O
severity	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
was	O
shown	O
to	O
be	O
significantly	O
associated	O
with	O
HLA	B-PRGE
-	O
B	O
*	O
4601	O
(	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
0008	O
or	O
Pc	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
0279	O
).	O

Densely	O
populated	O
regions	O
with	O
genetically	O
related	O
southern	O
Asian	O
populations	O
appear	O
to	O
be	O
more	O
affected	O
by	O
the	O
spreading	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
infection	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Enhanced	O
virulence	B-PROC
mediated	O
by	O
the	O
murine	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
,	O
mouse	B-DISO
hepatitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
strain	O
JHM	O
,	O
is	O
associated	O
with	O
a	O
glycine	O
at	O
residue	O
310	O
of	O
the	O
spike	O
glycoprotein	B-CHED
.	O

One	O
strain	O
,	O
JHM	O
.	O
SD	O
,	O
caused	O
acute	O
encephalitis	B-DISO
,	O
while	O
infection	B-DISO
with	O
JHM	O
.	O
IA	O
resulted	O
in	O
no	O
acute	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
.	O

In	O
vitro	O
studies	O
revealed	O
that	O
S310G	O
was	O
associated	O
with	O
decreased	O
S1	O
-	O
S2	O
stability	O
and	O
with	O
enhanced	O
ability	O
to	O
mediate	O
infection	B-DISO
of	O
cells	B-COMP
lacking	O
the	O
primary	O
receptor	O
for	O
JHM	O
"("""	O
receptor	O
-	O
independent	O
spread	O
""")."	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Characterization	O
of	O
the	O
expression	B-PROC
,	O
intracellular	B-PROC
localization	I-PROC
,	O
and	O
replication	O
complex	O
association	O
of	O
the	O
putative	O
mouse	O
hepatitis	B-PRGE
virus	I-PRGE
RNA	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
dependent	I-PRGE
RNA	B-PATH
polymerase	I-PATH
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Multiple	O
type	O
A	O
/	O
B	O
heterogeneous	B-PRGE
nuclear	I-PRGE
ribonucleoproteins	I-PRGE
(	O
hnRNPs	O
)	O
can	O
replace	O
hnRNP	B-PRGE
A1	I-PRGE
in	O
mouse	B-SPEC
hepatitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
RNA	B-PROC
synthesis	I-PROC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Heterogeneous	B-PRGE
nuclear	I-PRGE
ribonucleoprotein	I-PRGE
(	O
hnRNP	B-ANAT
)	O
A1	O
has	O
previously	O
been	O
shown	O
to	O
bind	B-FUNC
mouse	B-DISO
hepatitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
MHV	B-SPEC
)	O
RNA	O
at	O
the	O
3	O
'	O
end	O
of	O
both	O
plus	O
and	O
minus	O
strands	O
and	O
modulate	O
MHV	B-SPEC
RNA	B-PROC
synthesis	I-PROC
.	O

In	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
we	O
set	O
out	O
to	O
identify	O
these	O
proteins	B-CHED
.	O

UV	O
cross	O
-	O
linking	O
experiments	O
revealed	O
that	O
several	O
CB3	O
cellular	B-COMP
proteins	B-CHED
similar	O
in	O
size	O
to	O
hnRNP	B-PRGE
A1	I-PRGE
interacted	O
with	O
the	O
MHV	B-SPEC
RNA	O
.	O

The	O
major	O
potential	O
benefit	O
from	O
implementing	O
these	O
guidelines	O
is	O
improved	O
clinical	O
outcomes	O
of	O
critically	B-DISO
ill	I-DISO
patients	O
(	O
reduced	O
mortality	O
and	O
ICU	O
stay	O
).	O

The	O
sensitive	O
rate	O
of	O
imipenem	B-CHED
,	O
piperacillin	B-CHED
/	O
tazobactan	O
was	O
100	O
.	O
0	O
percent	O
,	O
44	O
.	O
5	O
percent	O
,	O
respectively	O
.	O

The	O
states	O
of	O
dead	B-PROC
patients	O
were	O
severe	O
and	O
the	O
deterioration	O
of	O
patients	O
'	O
condition	B-DISO
was	O
rapid	O
.	O

The	O
data	O
of	O
patients	O
with	O
acute	O
renal	B-ANAT
dysfunction	O
hospitalized	O
in	O
ICU	O
of	O
Peking	O
union	O
medical	O
college	O
hospital	O
during	O
August	O
1999	O
to	O
May	O
2001	O
were	O
retrospectively	O
investigated	O
and	O
the	O
high	O
risk	O
factors	O
related	O
to	O
hospital	O
mortality	O
were	O
analyzed	O
.	O

Among	O
1	O
218	O
critical	O
patients	O
hospitalized	O
during	O
August	O
1999	O
to	O
May	O
2001	O
,	O
there	O
were	O
149	O
patients	O
with	O
acute	O
renal	B-ANAT
dysfunction	O
.	O

By	O
multivariate	O
analysis	O
,	O
only	O
APACHEII	O
score	O
and	O
management	O
of	O
noradrenaline	B-CHED
and	O
CVVH	O
were	O
determined	O
as	O
risk	O
factors	O
of	O
hospital	O
mortality	O
independently	O
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
The	O
prognosis	O
of	O
critical	O
patients	O
with	O
the	O
acute	O
renal	B-ANAT
dysfunction	O
correlate	O
with	O
degree	O
of	O
basic	O
diseases	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
is	O
a	O
recently	O
recognized	O
infectious	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
associated	O
with	O
severe	O
morbidity	O
and	O
mortality	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Preliminary	O
result	O
on	O
the	O
nosocomial	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
in	O
one	O
hospital	O
of	O
Beijing	O
].	O

There	O
was	O
also	O
a	O
clue	O
to	O
the	O
probability	O
of	O
aerosol	O
or	O
droplet	O
nuclei	B-CHED
infection	B-DISO
through	O
air	B-CHED
-	O
conditioning	O
and	O
ventilation	O
system	O
.	O

There	O
was	O
also	O
a	O
clue	O
to	O
the	O
probability	O
of	O
aerosol	O
or	O
droplet	O
nuclei	B-CHED
infection	B-DISO
through	O
air	B-CHED
-	O
conditioning	O
and	O
ventilation	O
system	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
The	O
first	O
imported	O
SARS	B-DISO
case	O
introduced	O
to	O
Beijing	O
had	O
infected	O
9	O
people	O
within	O
the	O
family	B-SPEC
and	O
at	O
the	O
hospital	O
,	O
with	O
two	O
of	O
whom	O
died	B-PROC
of	O
the	O
same	O
disease	O
.	O

The	O
disease	O
appeared	O
to	O
be	O
sporadic	O
but	O
the	O
case	O
of	O
outbreaks	O
in	O
family	B-SPEC
or	O
university	O
only	O
seen	O
in	O
three	O
streets	O
.	O

The	O
course	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
epidemic	O
in	O
this	O
district	O
could	O
be	O
divided	O
into	O
three	O
phases	O
:	O
initial	O
-	O
which	O
last	O
for	O
days	O
,	O
peak	O
-	O
21	O
days	O
and	O
then	O
rapid	O
decline	O
-	O
for	O
26	O
days	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
From	O
April	O
13	O
through	O
May	O
8	O
,	O
2003	O
,	O
there	O
were	O
175	O
SARS	B-DISO
cases	O
including	O
imported	O
ones	O
,	O
were	O
identified	O
with	O
an	O
incidence	O
rate	O
of	O
1	O
.	O
9	O
cases	O
per	O
100	O
,	O
000	O
.	O

Here	O
we	O
report	O
2	O
well	O
-	O
documented	O
cases	O
of	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
related	O
to	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
229E	O
,	O
each	O
with	O
a	O
different	O
clinical	O
presentation	O
.	O

Bad	B-PRGE
prognosis	I-PRGE
factors	I-PRGE
were	O
identified	O
:	O
severe	O
state	O
on	O
admission	O
,	O
shock	O
on	O
admission	O
or	O
subsequently	O
,	O
non	O
adapted	O
initial	O
antibiotherapy	O
,	O
Child	O
'	O
s	O
score	O
B	O
and	O
C	O
,	O
Streptococus	O
pneumoniae	O
,	O
complications	O
:	O
ARDS	B-DISO
,	O
superinfections	B-DISO
,	O
coagulopathy	B-DISO
,	O
multi	B-DISO
organ	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
.	O

4	O
-	O
substituted	O
anilino	B-CHED
and	O
4	O
-	O
substituted	O
phenoxymethyl	O
pyrrolo	O
[	O
1	O
,	O
2	O
-	O
a	O
]	O
quinoxalines	O
and	O
N	O
-[	O
4	O
-(	O
pyrrolo	O
[	O
1	O
,	O
2	O
-	O
a	O
]	O
quinoxalin	O
-	O
4	O
-	O
yl	O
)	O
amino	O
and	O
hydroxymethyl	B-CHED
]	O
benzoyl	B-CHED
glutamates	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
one	O
strain	O
was	O
unusual	O
in	O
that	O
it	O
infected	O
the	O
majority	O
of	O
cats	B-SPEC
in	O
the	O
household	O
simultaneously	O
and	O
was	O
still	O
being	O
shed	O
18	O
months	O
later	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Cloaked	O
similarity	O
between	O
HIV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
1	I-SPEC
and	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
suggests	O
an	O
anti	O
-	O
SARS	B-DISO
strategy	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Sequence	O
analysis	O
reveals	O
that	O
the	O
two	O
viral	O
proteins	B-CHED
share	O
the	O
sequence	O
motifs	O
that	O
construct	O
their	O
active	O
conformation	O
.	O

The	O
exact	O
origin	O
of	O
the	O
cause	O
of	O
the	O
Severe	O
Acute	O
Respiratory	O
Syndrome	O
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
is	O
still	O
an	O
open	O
question	O
.	O

The	O
congruence	O
of	O
the	O
relationship	O
outcomes	O
with	O
the	O
known	O
classification	O
indicates	O
that	O
there	O
exist	O
phylogenetic	O
signals	O
in	O
the	O
tetra	B-CHED
-	O
nucleotide	B-CHED
usage	O
patterns	O
,	O
that	O
is	O
most	O
prominent	O
in	O
the	O
replicase	B-PRGE
open	O
reading	O
frames	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Adeno	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
associated	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
AAV	O
)	O
vectors	O
are	O
capable	O
of	O
delivering	O
a	O
therapeutic	O
gene	O
to	O
the	O
mouse	B-ANAT
brain	I-ANAT
that	O
can	O
result	O
in	O
long	O
-	O
term	O
and	O
widespread	O
protein	B-CHED
production	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Clinical	O
observation	O
on	O
treatment	O
of	O
40	O
SARS	B-DISO
uncertain	O
patients	O
with	O
integrative	O
traditional	O
Chinese	O
and	O
Western	O
medicine	O
].	O

Myocardial	O
performance	O
may	O
be	O
impaired	B-DISO
in	O
cytokine	O
-	O
mediated	O
immune	O
reactions	O
.	O

No	O
significant	O
valvular	O
disease	O
or	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
hypertension	I-DISO
was	O
found	O
.	O

These	O
would	O
include	O
SARS	B-DISO
peptides	B-CHED
,	O
adjuvants	B-CHED
,	O
DNA	O
vaccine	O
vectors	O
and	O
clinical	O
grade	O
viral	O
vectors	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Lung	B-ANAT
pathology	B-DISO
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
):	O
a	O
study	O
of	O
8	O
autopsy	O
cases	O
from	O
Singapore	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Severe	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
is	O
an	O
infectious	B-DISO
condition	B-DISO
caused	O
by	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
associated	I-DISO
coronavirus	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
),	O
a	O
new	O
member	O
in	O
the	O
family	B-SPEC
Coronaviridae	I-SPEC
.	O

To	O
evaluate	O
the	O
lung	B-ANAT
pathology	B-DISO
in	O
this	O
life	O
-	O
threatening	O
respiratory	O
illness	O
,	O
we	O
studied	O
postmortem	O
lung	B-ANAT
sections	O
from	O
8	O
patients	O
who	O
died	B-PROC
from	O
SARS	B-DISO
during	O
the	O
spring	O
2003	O
Singapore	O
outbreak	O
.	O

Multinucleated	O
cells	B-COMP
were	O
shown	O
to	O
be	O
both	O
type	B-ANAT
II	I-ANAT
pneumocytes	I-ANAT
and	O
macrophages	B-ANAT
by	O
pancytokeratin	O
,	O
thyroid	B-PRGE
transcription	B-PROC
factor	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
,	O
and	O
CD68	B-PRGE
staining	O
.	O

Understanding	O
the	O
pathology	B-DISO
of	O
DAD	O
in	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
may	O
provide	O
the	O
basis	O
for	O
therapeutic	O
strategies	O
.	O

Anatomicopathological	O
,	O
microbiological	O
and	O
serological	O
examinations	O
were	O
carried	O
out	O
on	O
birds	B-SPEC
derived	O
from	O
26	O
pheasantries	O
,	O
including	O
birds	B-SPEC
randomly	O
selected	O
from	O
18	O
flocks	O
and	O
sick	O
or	O
dead	B-PROC
birds	B-SPEC
sent	O
from	O
8	O
pheasantries	O
.	O

Marble	B-DISO
spleen	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
and	O
salmonellosis	B-DISO
proved	O
to	O
be	O
the	O
most	O
frequent	O
cause	O
of	O
death	B-PROC
during	O
the	O
growing	O
period	O
.	O

Rather	O
,	O
twelve	O
nucleobases	O
forming	O
six	O
base	B-FUNC
pairs	I-FUNC
joined	O
by	O
mutually	O
exclusive	O
hydrogen	B-CHED
bonding	O
patterns	O
are	O
possible	O
within	O
the	O
geometry	O
of	O
the	O
Watson	O
-	O
Crick	O
pair	O
(	O
Fig	O
.	O
1	O
).	O

At	O
the	O
same	O
time	O
,	O
the	O
artificial	O
genetic	O
information	O
systems	O
(	O
AEGIS	O
)	O
that	O
we	O
have	O
developed	O
have	O
been	O
used	O
in	O
FDA	O
-	O
approved	O
commercial	O
tests	O
for	O
managing	O
HIV	B-DISO
and	O
hepatitis	B-PATH
C	I-PATH
infections	B-DISO
in	O
individual	O
patients	O
,	O
and	O
in	O
a	O
tool	O
that	O
seeks	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
for	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
).	O

An	O
indirect	O
search	O
for	O
a	O
protein	B-CHED
structure	O
to	O
be	O
used	O
as	O
a	O
template	O
for	O
3D	O
modelling	O
has	O
been	O
performed	O
on	O
the	O
basis	O
of	O
the	O
genomic	O
organisation	B-PROC
similarity	O
generally	O
exhibited	O
by	O
coronaviruses	O
.	O

The	O
overall	O
shape	O
and	O
the	O
surface	O
hydrophobicity	O
of	O
the	O
two	O
subunits	O
in	O
the	O
obtained	O
models	O
suggest	O
the	O
localisation	B-PROC
of	O
the	O
most	O
relevant	O
regions	O
for	O
their	O
activity	O
.	O

SARS	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
associated	I-DISO
coronavirus	I-DISO
is	O
spread	O
by	O
multiple	O
mechanisms	O
,	O
including	O
direct	O
contact	O
and	O
large	O
-	O
droplet	O
aerosolization	O
,	O
and	O
may	O
be	O
spread	O
by	O
droplet	O
nuclei	B-CHED
as	O
well	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Dynamic	O
changes	O
of	O
plasma	B-ANAT
cytokine	O
levels	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
].	O

IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
8	I-FUNC
and	O
TNF	B-PRGE
alpha	I-PRGE
probably	O
play	O
important	O
roles	O
in	O
mediating	O
strong	O
inflammatory	B-DISO
response	I-DISO
,	O
which	O
are	O
thought	O
to	O
be	O
responsible	O
for	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
in	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Enteric	O
involvement	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
-	O
associated	O
coronavirus	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
.	O

Intestinal	B-ANAT
specimens	O
were	O
obtained	O
by	O
colonoscopy	O
or	O
postmortem	O
examination	O
to	O
detect	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
by	O
electron	O
microscopy	O
,	O
virus	B-SPEC
culture	O
,	O
and	O
reverse	O
-	O
transcription	B-PROC
polymerase	O
chain	O
reaction	O
.	O

The	O
mean	O
number	O
of	O
days	O
with	O
diarrhea	B-DISO
was	O
3	O
.	O
7	O
+/-	O

Diarrhea	B-DISO
is	O
a	O
common	O
presenting	O
symptom	B-DISO
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
need	O
for	O
an	O
outbreak	O
response	O
unit	O
is	O
crucial	O
to	O
combat	B-CHED
any	O
future	O
outbreak	O
.	O

Using	O
this	O
combination	O
approach	O
,	O
we	O
found	O
that	O
human	B-SPEC
laryngeal	B-DISO
carcinoma	I-DISO
(	O
HEp	B-DISO
-	O
2	O
)	O
cells	B-COMP
were	O
superior	O
to	O
rhesus	B-SPEC
monkey	I-SPEC
kidney	B-ANAT
(	O
LLC	B-COMP
-	O
MK2	O
)	O
cells	B-COMP
commonly	O
used	O
in	O
previous	O
studies	O
for	O
isolation	O
of	O
HMPV	B-SPEC
.	O

All	O
patients	O
,	O
except	O
two	O
,	O
received	O
ribavirin	B-CHED
and	O
steroid	B-CHED
combination	O
therapy	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Clinical	O
analysis	O
of	O
pregnancy	O
in	O
second	O
and	O
third	O
trimesters	O
complicated	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
].	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
explore	O
and	O
analyze	O
the	O
clinical	O
manifestation	O
,	O
diagnosis	O
,	O
management	O
and	O
maternal	O
-	O
perinatal	O
prognosis	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)-	O
complicated	B-DISO
pregnancy	I-DISO
in	O
second	O
and	O
third	O
trimesters	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Early	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
by	O
real	O
time	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
.	O

Evaluate	O
whether	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
can	O
infect	O
and	O
replicate	O
in	O
peripheral	B-ANAT
blood	I-ANAT
mononuclear	I-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
(	O
PBMCs	O
)	O
of	O
infected	O
persons	O
and	O
reveal	O
any	O
dynamic	O
changes	O
to	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
during	O
the	O
course	O
of	O
the	O
disease	O
.	O

Peripheral	B-ANAT
blood	I-ANAT
mononuclear	I-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
collected	O
from	O
SARS	B-DISO
cases	O
infected	O
by	O
the	O
same	O
infectious	B-DISO
source	O
were	O
tested	O
for	O
both	O
negative	O
-	O
stranded	O
RNA	O
(	O
minus	O
-	O
RNA	O
,	O
""""	O
replicative	O
intermediates	O
""")"	O
and	O
positive	O
-	O
stranded	O
RNA	O
(	O
genomic	O
RNA	O
)	O
of	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
during	O
the	O
course	O
of	O
hospitalization	O
by	O
reverse	B-PROC
transcription	I-PROC
-	O
polymerase	O
chain	O
reaction	O
(	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
).	O

Comparison	O
of	O
phylogenetic	O
trees	O
for	O
11	O
known	O
host	B-COMP
-	O
species	B-SPEC
and	O
36	O
coronaviruses	O
,	O
representing	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
groups	O
1	O
-	O
3	O
and	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
,	O
based	O
on	O
N	O
showed	O
statistical	O
incongruence	O
indicating	O
multiple	O
host	B-COMP
-	O
species	B-SPEC
shifts	O
for	O
coronaviruses	O
.	O

Five	O
days	O
later	O
,	O
Escherichia	B-SPEC
coli	I-SPEC
506	O
strain	O
was	O
given	O
intratracheally	O
(	O
5	O
.	O
6	O
to	O
8	O
.	O
8	O
log	O
(	O
10	O
)	O
colony	O
forming	O
units	O
/	O
broiler	O
).	O

A	O
systematic	O
search	O
for	O
perinatal	O
transmission	O
of	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
associated	I-DISO
coronavirus	I-DISO
,	O
including	O
serial	B-PRGE
reverse	I-PRGE
transcriptase	I-PRGE
-	O
polymerase	O
chain	O
reaction	O
assays	O
,	O
viral	O
cultures	O
,	O
and	O
paired	O
serologic	O
titers	O
,	O
failed	O
to	O
detect	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
in	O
any	O
of	O
the	O
infants	O
.	O

One	O
preterm	O
infant	O
developed	O
jejunal	B-ANAT
perforation	O
and	O
another	O
developed	O
necrotizing	B-DISO
enterocolitis	I-DISO
with	O
ileal	B-ANAT
perforation	O
shortly	O
after	O
birth	B-PROC
.	O

The	O
exposure	O
consisted	O
of	O
direct	O
contact	O
with	O
at	O
least	O
1	O
adult	O
probable	O
SARS	B-DISO
case	O
in	O
11	O
children	O
,	O
travel	O
from	O
a	O
World	O
Health	O
Organization	O
-	O
designated	O
affected	O
area	O
in	O
Asia	O
in	O
9	O
children	O
,	O
and	O
presence	O
in	O
a	O
Toronto	O
area	O
hospital	O
in	O
which	O
secondary	O
SARS	B-DISO
spread	O
had	O
occurred	O
in	O
5	O
children	O
.	O

Nasopharyngeal	B-ANAT
swab	I-ANAT
specimens	O
were	O
negative	O
for	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
associated	I-DISO
coronavirus	I-DISO
by	O
an	O
in	O
-	O
house	O
reverse	B-PRGE
transcriptase	I-PRGE
-	O
polymerase	O
chain	O
reaction	O
in	O
all	O
25	O
children	O
.	O

To	O
the	O
authors	O
'	O
knowledge	O
,	O
this	O
is	O
the	O
first	O
reported	O
experimental	O
evidence	O
that	O
MHV	B-SPEC
transmission	O
can	O
occur	O
for	O
several	O
months	O
,	O
from	O
persistently	O
infected	O
mice	B-SPEC
to	O
sentinel	O
mice	B-SPEC
,	O
over	O
a	O
short	O
-	O
term	O
exposure	O
period	O
.	O

Heart	B-ANAT
rate	O
,	O
oxygen	B-CHED
saturation	O
,	O
temperature	O
,	O
and	O
alanine	B-PRGE
aminotransferase	I-PRGE
(	O
ALT	B-FUNC
)	O
and	O
aspartate	B-PRGE
aminotransferase	I-PRGE
(	O
AST	B-PRGE
)	O
levels	O
were	O
recorded	O
daily	O
.	O

Serum	B-COMP
levels	O
of	O
ILs	B-DISO
,	O
TNF	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
alpha	I-PRGE
and	O
TGF	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
beta	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
were	O
measured	O
in	O
all	O
subjects	O
.	O

Concurrently	O
,	O
the	O
mean	O
concentration	O
of	O
serum	B-PRGE
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
13	I-FUNC
decreased	O
gradually	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
mean	O
concentration	O
of	O
serum	B-PRGE
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
18	I-FUNC
level	O
in	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
was	O
lower	O
than	O
that	O
of	O
the	O
control	O
group	O
during	O
all	O
the	O
courses	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
,	O
suggesting	O
that	O
the	O
immune	O
state	O
of	O
the	O
patients	O
with	O
SARS	B-DISO
was	O
obviously	O
abnormal	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
study	O
the	O
severe	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)-	O
associated	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
genotype	O
and	O
its	O
characteristics	O
.	O

It	O
was	O
interesting	O
to	O
find	O
that	O
two	O
(	O
A	O
/	O
G	O
and	O
C	O
/	O
T	O
)	O
of	O
the	O
five	O
mutation	O
loci	O
occurred	O
in	O
the	O
spike	O
protein	B-CHED
gene	O
,	O
which	O
caused	O
changes	O
of	O
Asp	B-CHED
to	O
Gly	B-CHED
and	O
Thr	B-CHED
to	O
Ile	B-CHED
in	O
the	O
protein	B-CHED
,	O
respectively	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Ventilation	O
of	O
wards	O
and	O
nosocomial	O
outbreak	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
among	O
healthcare	O
workers	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Four	O
types	O
of	O
isolation	O
wards	O
were	O
analyzed	O
,	O
including	O
the	O
ward	O
where	O
the	O
thirty	O
-	O
first	O
bed	B-DISO
was	O
located	O
on	O
the	O
twelfth	O
floor	O
,	O
the	O
laminar	O
flow	O
ward	O
in	O
the	O
Intensive	O
Care	O
Unit	O
where	O
the	O
tenth	O
bed	B-DISO
was	O
located	O
on	O
the	O
fifteenth	O
floor	O
,	O
the	O
ward	O
where	O
the	O
twenty	O
-	O
seventh	O
bed	B-DISO
was	O
located	O
on	O
the	O
thirteenth	O
floor	O
of	O
the	O
Lingnan	O
Building	O
,	O
and	O
thirty	O
wards	O
on	O
the	O
fourteenth	O
to	O
eighteenth	O
floors	O
of	O
the	O
Zhongshan	O
Building	O
.	O

The	O
infection	B-DISO
rates	O
of	O
the	O
healthcare	O
workers	O
in	O
the	O
areas	O
mentioned	O
above	O
were	O
73	O
.	O
2	O
%,	O
32	O
.	O
1	O
%,	O
27	O
.	O
5	O
%	O
and	O
1	O
.	O
7	O
%,	O
respectively	O
.	O

The	O
difference	O
in	O
the	O
infection	B-DISO
rates	O
was	O
of	O
statistical	O
significance	O
.	O

Air	B-CHED
oxidation	B-PROC
subsequently	O
forms	O
BN	O
in	O
the	O
heat	O
which	O
immediately	O
yields	O
orange	O
-	O
yellow	O
(	O
4	O
'	O
RS	O
)-	O
4	O
'-	O
chloro	B-CHED
-	O
1	O
',	O
4	O
'-	O
dihydrobananin	O
by	O
1	O
,	O
4	O
-	O
addition	O
of	O
hydrogen	B-CHED
chloride	I-CHED
.	O

This	O
article	O
attempts	O
to	O
summarize	O
some	O
of	O
the	O
recent	O
developments	O
in	O
this	O
newly	O
recognized	O
condition	B-DISO
from	O
the	O
Asia	O
Pacific	O
perspective	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
During	O
outbreaks	O
,	O
hospital	O
workers	O
are	O
at	O
high	O
risk	O
for	O
nosocomial	O
infection	O
with	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)-	O
associated	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
The	O
lessons	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
.	O

Third	O
,	O
despite	O
trends	O
toward	O
commercialization	O
,	O
easier	O
lives	O
,	O
and	O
self	O
-	O
centered	O
individualism	O
,	O
the	O
response	O
of	O
health	O
care	O
professionals	O
to	O
SARS	B-DISO
reaffirmed	O
dedication	O
to	O
caring	O
for	O
the	O
sick	O
even	O
at	O
great	O
personal	O
risks	O
as	O
the	O
core	O
ethical	O
principle	O
of	O
medicine	O
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
NIP3L	B-PRGE
may	O
be	O
involved	O
in	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
,	O
which	O
is	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
major	O
causes	O
of	O
death	B-PROC
in	O
cases	O
of	O
severe	O
acute	B-DISO
pancreatitis	I-DISO
.	O

Molecular	O
modeling	O
and	O
simulation	O
have	O
confirmed	O
8	O
caveolin	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
binding	I-PRGE
sites	I-PRGE
.	O

Caveolin	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
may	O
serve	O
as	O
a	O
possible	O
receptor	O
of	O
the	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
proteins	B-CHED
,	O
which	O
may	O
be	O
associated	O
with	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
CoV	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
,	O
replication	O
,	O
assembly	O
,	O
and	O
budding	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Thirty	O
six	O
caveolin	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
binding	I-PRGE
motifs	I-PRGE
in	O
the	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
proteins	B-CHED
have	O
been	O
mapped	O
out	O
using	O
bioinformatics	O
analysis	O
tools	O
.	O

Her	O
electrocardiographic	O
changes	O
were	O
consistent	O
with	O
a	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
anteroseptal	B-DISO
myocardial	I-DISO
infarction	I-DISO
.	O

However	O
,	O
angiography	O
showed	O
normal	O
coronary	B-ANAT
arteries	I-ANAT
.	O

Peripheral	O
eosinophilia	B-DISO
was	O
detected	O
.	O

Eight	O
months	O
after	O
her	O
original	O
presentation	O
,	O
she	O
developed	O
urticarial	B-DISO
lesions	O
on	O
her	O
abdomen	B-ANAT
and	O
legs	B-ANAT
,	O
with	O
muscle	B-DISO
soreness	I-DISO
but	O
no	O
other	O
associated	B-DISO
symptoms	I-DISO
.	O

After	O
the	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
Churg	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
Strauss	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
,	O
the	O
patient	O
remained	O
symptom	B-DISO
free	O
with	O
a	O
normal	O
ejection	O
fraction	O
for	O
15	O
months	O
while	O
taking	O
prednisone	B-CHED
.	O

The	O
results	O
showed	O
that	O
in	O
the	O
69	O
followed	O
-	O
up	O
patients	O
,	O
impairment	B-DISO
of	O
the	O
hepatic	B-PROC
function	I-PROC
was	O
found	O
in	O
5	O
cases	O
,	O
hypoimmune	O
state	O
in	O
18	O
,	O
impediment	O
of	O
ventilation	O
in	O
the	O
distal	O
air	B-CHED
passages	O
with	O
normal	O
major	O
air	B-CHED
passages	O
in	O
15	O
,	O
increased	O
residual	O
volume	O
in	O
40	O
,	O
mild	O
disturbance	O
of	O
pulmonary	B-PROC
diffusion	I-PROC
function	O
in	O
14	O
,	O
incomplete	O
absorption	O
of	O
inflammatory	O
exudates	B-ANAT
,	O
focal	O
or	O
multiple	O
interstitial	B-ANAT
lesions	O
,	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
interstitial	B-ANAT
fibrosis	I-DISO
and	O
pleural	B-DISO
adhesion	I-DISO
in	O
24	O
;	O
increased	O
resistance	B-PROC
or	O
mild	O
systolic	B-DISO
hypertension	I-DISO
in	O
the	O
pulmonary	B-PROC
circulation	B-PROC
,	O
and	O
segmental	O
ischemia	B-DISO
of	O
the	O
left	O
myocardium	B-ANAT
in	O
34	O
;	O
and	O
decreased	O
visual	O
acuity	O
in	O
2	O
.	O

Noninvasive	O
ventilation	O
should	O
be	O
used	O
as	O
a	O
substitutive	O
tool	O
for	O
endotracheal	O
intubation	O
an	O
alternative	O
treatment	O
for	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
related	O
to	O
SARS	B-DISO
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Although	O
NIPPV	O
administered	O
via	O
full	O
-	O
face	B-DISO
masks	O
might	O
be	O
an	O
effective	O
treatment	O
for	O
rapidly	O
improving	O
vital	O
signs	O
and	O
gas	B-ENZY
exchange	O
and	O
sense	B-PROC
of	O
dyspnea	B-DISO
in	O
both	O
groups	O
during	O
the	O
initial	O
24	O
hours	O
of	O
ventilatory	O
support	O
,	O
the	O
patients	O
in	O
non	O
-	O
survivor	O
group	O
had	O
higher	O
APACHEII	O
score	O
,	O
respiratory	O
rates	O
and	O
lower	O
SpO	O
(	O
2	O
),	O
MRI	O
than	O
the	O
patients	O
in	O
survivor	O
group	O
(	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
)	O
at	O
the	O
same	O
intervals	O
after	O
initiation	O
of	O
support	O
.	O

Expression	B-PROC
levels	O
increased	O
when	O
the	O
luciferase	B-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
was	O
inserted	O
closer	O
to	O
the	O
3	O
'	O
end	O
of	O
the	O
genome	O
.	O

Virus	B-SPEC
binding	B-FUNC
assays	O
with	O
cryosections	O
of	O
the	O
small	B-ANAT
intestine	I-ANAT
from	O
a	O
suckling	O
piglet	O
revealed	O
the	O
binding	B-FUNC
of	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
to	O
mucin	B-PRGE
-	O
producing	O
goblet	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
.	O

Indirect	O
immunofluorescent	O
assay	O
and	O
double	O
-	O
antigen	B-CHED
sandwich	O
enzyme	O
-	O
linked	O
immunosorbent	O
assay	O
(	O
ELISA	O
)	O
were	O
used	O
to	O
detect	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
-	O
specific	O
antibodies	B-COMP
in	O
sera	B-COMP
of	O
1	O
,	O
060	O
non	O
-	O
SARS	B-DISO
children	O
in	O
Guangzhou	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
All	O
the	O
serum	B-COMP
samples	O
from	O
the	O
1	O
,	O
060	O
non	O
-	O
SARS	B-DISO
children	O
were	O
negative	O
for	O
both	O
IgG	B-PRGE
and	O
IgM	B-PRGE
antibodies	B-COMP
against	O
SARS	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
as	O
determined	O
by	O
indirect	O
immunofluorescent	O
assay	O
,	O
with	O
only	O
two	O
serum	O
samples	O
showing	O
weak	O
positivity	O
for	O
SARS	B-PRGE
coronavirus	B-SPEC
-	I-PRGE
specific	I-PRGE
antibodies	B-COMP
identified	O
by	O
double	O
-	O
antigen	B-CHED
sandwich	O
ELISA	O
.	O

The	O
two	O
peptides	B-CHED
corresponding	O
to	O
the	O
two	O
self	O
-	O
cleavage	B-PROC
sites	O
are	O
the	O
two	O
with	O
highest	O
cleavage	B-PROC
efficiency	O
,	O
whereas	O
peptides	B-CHED
with	O
non	O
-	O
canonical	O
residues	O
at	O
P2	O
or	O
P1	O
'	O
positions	O
react	O
slower	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Severe	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
was	O
identified	O
in	O
2003	O
as	O
an	O
infectious	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
caused	O
by	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
associated	I-DISO
coronavirus	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
),	O
a	O
member	O
of	O
the	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
family	B-SPEC
not	O
observed	O
previously	O
in	O
humans	B-SPEC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Media	B-ANAT
portrayal	O
of	O
nurses	O
'	O
perspectives	O
and	O
concerns	O
in	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
crisis	O
in	O
Toronto	O
.	O

One	O
-	O
day	O
-	O
old	O
turkey	B-SPEC
poults	O
developed	O
diarrhea	B-DISO
at	O
48	O
hr	O
postinoculation	O
.	O

These	O
findings	O
indicate	O
that	O
,	O
unlike	O
the	O
mammalian	B-SPEC
coronaviruses	O
,	O
propensity	O
for	O
frequent	O
genetic	B-DISO
change	I-DISO
may	O
not	O
be	O
inherent	O
in	O
the	O
IBV	B-SPEC
genome	O
.	O

Because	O
of	O
the	O
widespread	O
nature	O
of	O
the	O
GA98	O
virus	B-SPEC
in	O
the	O
southeastern	O
United	O
States	O
and	O
the	O
lack	O
of	O
adequate	O
protection	O
with	O
the	O
DE072	O
vaccine	O
,	O
we	O
developed	O
a	O
specific	O
vaccine	O
for	O
the	O
GA98	O
serotype	O
.	O

Routine	O
typing	O
of	O
vaccine	O
strains	O
of	O
IBV	B-SPEC
was	O
possible	O
with	O
this	O
technology	O
,	O
but	O
high	O
standard	O
deviations	O
associated	O
with	O
the	O
melting	O
curve	O
analysis	O
of	O
the	O
FRET	O
probes	O
described	O
herein	O
made	O
it	O
difficult	O
to	O
use	O
this	O
test	O
reliably	O
for	O
routine	O
typing	O
of	O
IBV	B-SPEC
field	O
isolates	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
:	O
global	O
initiatives	O
for	O
disease	O
diagnosis	O
.	O

With	O
high	O
morbidity	O
and	O
mortality	O
,	O
SARS	B-DISO
is	O
an	O
important	O
respiratory	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
which	O
may	O
be	O
encountered	O
world	O
-	O
wide	O
.	O

For	O
the	O
respiratory	O
physician	O
,	O
detecting	O
SARS	B-DISO
in	O
its	O
earliest	O
stages	O
,	O
identifying	O
pathways	B-PROC
of	O
transmission	O
,	O
and	O
implementing	O
preventive	O
and	O
therapeutic	O
strategies	O
are	O
all	O
important	O
.	O

Past	O
or	O
current	O
infection	B-DISO
was	O
evaluated	O
.	O

Serology	O
indicated	O
the	O
infecting	O
virus	B-SPEC
was	O
most	O
closely	O
related	O
to	O
type	B-PRGE
I	I-PRGE
FCoV	I-PRGE
.	O
Antibody	B-COMP
levels	O
in	O
the	O
majority	O
of	O
animals	B-SPEC
were	O
low	O
,	O
even	O
in	O
those	O
actively	O
infected	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
A	O
serologic	O
survey	O
of	O
wild	O
felids	B-SPEC
from	O
central	O
west	O
Saudi	O
Arabia	O
.	O

Within	O
a	O
few	O
weeks	O
,	O
the	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
associated	O
with	O
SARS	B-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
)	O
was	O
identified	O
and	O
sequenced	O
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
Nursing	B-PROC
patients	O
with	O
SARS	B-DISO
was	O
challenging	O
as	O
the	O
disease	O
was	O
highly	O
contagious	O
and	O
potentially	O
lethal	O
,	O
and	O
not	O
much	O
was	O
known	O
about	O
this	O
disease	O
.	O

In	O
patients	O
without	O
a	O
history	O
of	O
close	O
contact	O
with	O
SARS	B-DISO
cases	O
,	O
antibiotic	B-CHED
effect	O
was	O
a	O
major	O
factor	O
influencing	O
doctors	O
'	O
diagnosis	O
.	O

In	O
patients	O
without	O
a	O
history	O
of	O
close	O
contact	O
with	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
,	O
all	O
the	O
five	O
criteria	O
were	O
met	B-CHED
after	O
combination	O
antibiotic	B-CHED
therapy	O
had	O
failed	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Experiencing	O
SARS	B-DISO
:	O
perspectives	O
of	O
the	O
elderly	O
residents	O
and	O
health	O
care	O
professionals	O
in	O
a	O
Hong	O
Kong	O
nursing	O
home	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
has	O
affected	O
many	O
areas	O
of	O
the	O
world	O
recently	O
and	O
is	O
becoming	O
a	O
global	O
problem	O
.	O

(	O
1	O
)	O
The	O
time	O
for	O
improving	O
symptom	B-DISO
in	O
the	O
ICWM	O
group	O
was	O
5	O
.	O
10	O
days	O
and	O
that	O
in	O
the	O
control	O
group	O
was	O
7	O
.	O
62	O
days	O
,	O
the	O
difference	O
between	O
them	O
was	O
significant	O
(	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
);	O
(	O
2	O
)	O
The	O
days	O
and	O
amount	O
for	O
use	O
hormone	B-CHED
before	O
subtract	O
in	O
the	O
two	O
group	O
were	O
similar	O
,	O
with	O
insignificant	O
difference	O
(	O
P	O
>	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
);	O
(	O
3	O
)	O
The	O
days	O
and	O
amount	O
for	O
use	O
hormone	O
after	O
subtract	O
in	O
the	O
two	O
groups	O
were	O
significantly	O
different	O
(	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
);	O
(	O
4	O
)	O
The	O
time	O
for	O
improving	O
peripheral	O
WBC	B-ANAT
count	O
and	O
absolute	O
value	O
of	O
lymphocyte	B-ANAT
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
for	O
absorption	O
time	O
of	O
shadow	O
in	O
chest	B-ANAT
film	O
were	O
not	O
different	O
significantly	O
between	O
the	O
two	O
groups	O
(	O
P	O
>	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
).	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
(	O
1	O
)	O
The	O
time	O
for	O
improving	O
symptom	B-DISO
in	O
the	O
ICWM	O
group	O
was	O
5	O
.	O
10	O
days	O
and	O
that	O
in	O
the	O
control	O
group	O
was	O
7	O
.	O
62	O
days	O
,	O
the	O
difference	O
between	O
them	O
was	O
significant	O
(	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
);	O
(	O
2	O
)	O
The	O
days	O
and	O
amount	O
for	O
use	O
hormone	B-CHED
before	O
subtract	O
in	O
the	O
two	O
group	O
were	O
similar	O
,	O
with	O
insignificant	O
difference	O
(	O
P	O
>	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
);	O
(	O
3	O
)	O
The	O
days	O
and	O
amount	O
for	O
use	O
hormone	B-CHED
after	O
subtract	O
in	O
the	O
two	O
groups	O
were	O
significantly	O
different	O
(	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
);	O
(	O
4	O
)	O
The	O
time	O
for	O
improving	O
peripheral	O
WBC	B-ANAT
count	O
and	O
absolute	O
value	O
of	O
lymphocyte	B-ANAT
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
for	O
absorption	O
time	O
of	O
shadow	O
in	O
chest	B-ANAT
film	O
were	O
not	O
different	O
significantly	O
between	O
the	O
two	O
groups	O
(	O
P	O
>	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
).	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
evaluate	O
the	O
effect	O
of	O
integrative	O
medical	O
treatment	O
(	O
IMT	O
)	O
with	O
serial	O
Chinese	O
recipes	O
on	O
quality	O
of	O
life	O
(	O
QOF	O
)	O
of	O
rehabilitation	O
stage	O
in	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Recently	O
,	O
we	O
have	O
developed	O
a	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
-	O
specific	O
gene	O
-	O
finding	O
system	O
,	O
ZCURVE_CoV	O
1	O
.	O
0	O
.	O

The	O
cleavage	B-PROC
sites	O
of	O
the	O
3C	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
like	I-PRGE
proteinase	I-PRGE
and	O
papain	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
like	I-PRGE
proteinase	B-PROC
are	O
highly	O
conserved	O
.	O

METHODS	O
:	O
To	O
use	O
a	O
back	B-ANAT
projection	O
technique	O
to	O
construct	O
the	O
infection	B-DISO
curve	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
in	O
Hong	O
Kong	O
.	O

The	O
result	O
showed	O
2	O
/	O
66	O
cases	O
(	O
3	O
.	O
0	O
%)	O
were	O
positive	O
of	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
IgG	B-COMP
antibody	I-COMP
and	O
66	O
cases	O
were	O
negative	O
of	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
IgM	B-COMP
antibody	I-COMP
in	O
the	O
66	O
cases	O
healthy	O
controls	O
;	O
in	O
31	O
cases	O
with	O
SLE	B-DISO
,	O
positive	O
rates	O
of	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
IgG	I-PRGE
and	I-PRGE
IgM	B-COMP
antibody	I-COMP
were	O
58	O
.	O
1	O
%	O
(	O
18	O
/	O
31	O
)	O
and	O
29	O
%	O
(	O
9	O
/	O
31	O
),	O
respectively	O
,	O
in	O
which	O
7	O
cases	O
(	O
22	O
.	O
6	O
%)	O
were	O
positive	O
of	O
both	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
IgG	I-PRGE
and	O
IgM	B-COMP
antibody	B-PROC
.	O

The	O
ELISA	O
kit	B-FUNC
coated	O
by	O
non	O
-	O
purification	O
antigen	B-CHED
may	O
induce	O
the	O
false	O
-	O
positive	O
of	O
SARS	O
-	O
CoV	O
antibody	B-COMP
in	O
patients	O
with	O
SLE	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
objective	O
of	O
this	O
study	O
was	O
to	O
explore	O
the	O
development	O
of	O
IgG	B-PRGE
and	O
IgM	B-PRGE
against	O
SARS	B-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
and	O
characteristics	O
of	O
changes	O
of	O
antibody	B-COMP
titers	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
and	O
to	O
search	O
the	O
opportunity	O
for	O
collecting	O
specific	O
anti	O
-	O
serum	B-COMP
from	O
convalescent	O
patients	O
with	O
SARS	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
consequence	O
of	O
systemic	O
vasoconstriction	B-DISO
is	O
volume	O
and	O
pressure	O
loading	O
in	O
the	O
pulmonary	B-PROC
circulation	B-PROC
.	O

In	O
animal	B-SPEC
and	O
isolated	O
lung	B-ANAT
studies	O
,	O
endotoxin	O
produces	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
that	O
is	O
associated	O
with	O
increases	O
in	O
cytokines	O
and	O
inducible	O
NOS	O
mRNA	B-PROC
expression	B-PROC
,	O
suggesting	O
that	O
NO	O
is	O
toxic	O
to	O
the	O
lung	B-ANAT
in	O
endotoxin	O
shock	O
.	O

Our	O
early	O
and	O
recent	O
studies	O
on	O
ARDS	B-DISO
and	O
PE	O
may	O
provide	O
information	O
for	O
clinical	O
practice	O
and	O
the	O
understanding	O
of	O
the	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
.	O

Based	O
on	O
genetic	O
and	O
serological	O
relationships	O
,	O
groups	O
1	O
,	O
2	O
and	O
3	O
were	O
previously	O
recognized	O
in	O
the	O
Coronavirus	B-SPEC
genus	B-SPEC
.	O

However	O
,	O
severe	O
exposure	O
by	O
any	O
route	O
may	O
result	O
in	O
an	O
acute	O
and	O
occasionally	O
fatal	O
illness	O
that	O
bears	B-SPEC
all	O
the	O
hallmarks	O
of	O
being	O
mediated	O
by	O
uncoupling	O
of	O
oxidative	B-PATH
phosphorylation	I-PATH
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Antibody	B-FUNC
-	O
mediated	O
protection	O
against	O
cytotoxic	O
T	B-ANAT
-	I-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
escape	O
in	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
-	O
induced	O
demyelination	B-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
C57BL	O
/	O
6	O
(	O
B6	O
)	O
mice	B-SPEC
infected	O
with	O
mouse	B-DISO
hepatitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
MHV	B-SPEC
)	O
strain	O
JHM	O
develop	O
a	O
clinically	O
evident	O
,	O
demyelinating	O
encephalomyelitis	B-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Murine	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
mouse	B-DISO
hepatitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
MHV	B-SPEC
)	O
causes	O
demyelination	B-DISO
of	O
the	O
central	B-ANAT
nervous	I-ANAT
system	I-ANAT
(	O
CNS	B-CHED
)	O
in	O
rats	B-SPEC
and	O
mice	B-SPEC
.	O

Here	O
,	O
we	O
established	O
a	O
rat	B-SPEC
oligodendrocyte	B-ANAT
culture	O
that	O
is	O
morphologically	O
and	O
phenotypically	O
indistinguishable	O
from	O
the	O
primary	O
rat	B-SPEC
oligodendrocytes	B-ANAT
.	O

Treatment	O
with	O
the	O
pan	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
caspase	I-PRGE
inhibitor	B-CHED
Z	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
VAD	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
fmk	I-PRGE
blocked	O
MHV	B-SPEC
-	O
induced	O
apoptosis	B-PATH
,	O
suggesting	O
an	O
involvement	O
of	O
the	O
caspase	B-PRGE
-	O
dependent	O
pathway	B-PROC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
is	O
a	O
highly	O
infective	O
disease	O
caused	O
by	O
a	O
newly	O
identified	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
.	O

In	O
this	O
patient	O
,	O
the	O
course	O
of	O
disease	O
and	O
duration	O
of	O
viral	B-DISO
shedding	I-DISO
was	O
apparently	O
prolonged	O
,	O
thus	O
highlighting	O
the	O
need	O
for	O
increased	O
infection	B-DISO
control	O
.	O

Of	O
these	O
4	O
dialysis	B-SPEC
patients	O
,	O
1	O
patient	O
was	O
receiving	O
hemodialysis	O
while	O
the	O
other	O
3	O
patients	O
were	O
on	O
continuous	O
ambulatory	O
peritoneal	B-ANAT
dialysis	B-SPEC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
During	O
a	O
prospective	O
evaluation	O
of	O
malaria	O
prophylaxis	O
in	O
pregnancy	O
in	O
a	O
refugee	O
population	O
on	O
the	O
north	O
-	O
western	O
border	B-ANAT
of	O
Thailand	O
from	O
1987	O
to	O
1990	O
,	O
an	O
extremely	O
high	O
infant	O
mortality	O
rate	O
(	O
18	O
%)	O
was	O
documented	O
despite	O
good	O
access	O
to	O
health	O
care	O
.	O

Infantile	O
beri	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
beri	B-SPEC
was	O
recognized	O
as	O
the	O
main	O
cause	O
of	O
death	B-PROC
accounting	O
for	O
40	O
%	O
of	O
all	O
infant	O
mortality	O
.	O

The	O
overall	O
infant	O
mortality	O
rates	O
declined	O
from	O
183	O
to	O
78	O
per	O
1000	O
live	O
births	B-PROC
.	O

Post	O
-	O
neonatal	O
deaths	B-PROC
fell	O
by	O
79	O
%	O
(	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
65	O
-	O
87	O
%)	O
while	O
neonatal	O
mortality	O
remained	O
unchanged	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
The	O
role	O
of	O
neutrophil	B-PROC
apoptosis	B-PATH
in	O
the	O
resolution	O
of	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
in	O
newborn	O
infants	O
.	O

134	O
bronchoalveolar	O
lavage	O
(	O
BAL	B-ENZY
)	O
samples	O
were	O
obtained	O
from	O
32	O
infants	O
requiring	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
for	O
respiratory	B-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
RDS	B-DISO
):	O
13	O
infants	O
(	O
median	O
gestation	B-PROC
26	O
weeks	O
,	O
range	O
23	O
to	O
28	O
)	O
subsequently	O
developed	O
CLD	B-DISO
(	O
CLD	B-DISO
group	O
),	O
and	O
19	O
infants	O
(	O
gestation	B-PROC
31	O
weeks	O
,	O
range	O
25	O
to	O
39	O
)	O
recovered	O
fully	O
(	O
RDS	B-DISO
group	O
).	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Neutrophil	B-PROC
apoptosis	B-PATH
was	O
increased	O
in	O
the	O
RDS	O
group	O
(	O
mean	O
(	O
SEM	B-DISO
)	O
neutrophil	B-PROC
apoptosis	B-PATH
on	O
day	O
7	O
BAL	B-ENZY
:	O
RDS	O
17	O
.	O
0	O
(	O
8	O
.	O
6	O
)%	O
v	O
CLD	B-DISO
0	O
.	O
7	O
(	O
0	O
.	O
2	O
)%	O
(	O
p	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
)).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Efficiency	O
of	O
quarantine	O
during	O
an	O
epidemic	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
--	O
Beijing	O
,	O
China	O
,	O
2003	O
.	O

Chloroquine	B-CHED
exerts	B-PROC
direct	O
antiviral	B-CHED
effects	O
,	O
inhibiting	O
pH	O
-	O
dependent	O
steps	O
of	O
the	O
replication	O
of	O
several	O
viruses	B-SPEC
including	O
members	O
of	O
the	O
flaviviruses	B-SPEC
,	O
retroviruses	B-SPEC
,	O
and	O
coronaviruses	O
.	O

Lymphocyte	O
subsets	O
were	O
analysed	O
by	O
flow	O
cytometry	O
,	O
using	O
a	O
whole	B-ANAT
blood	I-ANAT
indirect	O
immunofluorescence	O
technique	O
and	O
mAbs	O
specific	O
for	O
feline	B-PRGE
CD5	I-PRGE
,	O
CD4	B-PRGE
,	O
CD8	B-PRGE
,	O
CD21	B-PRGE
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Involvement	O
of	O
viruses	O
in	O
human	B-SPEC
neurodegenerative	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
and	O
the	O
underlying	O
pathologic	O
mechanisms	O
remain	O
generally	O
unclear	O
.	O

Although	O
this	O
acute	O
encephalitis	O
appears	O
generally	O
similar	O
to	O
that	O
induced	O
by	O
murine	B-SPEC
coronaviruses	O
,	O
an	O
important	O
difference	O
rests	O
in	O
the	O
prominent	O
spongiform	O
-	O
like	O
degeneration	B-DISO
that	O
could	O
trigger	O
neuropathology	B-DISO
in	O
surviving	O
animals	B-SPEC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
5	O
'	O
and	O
3	O
'	O
UTR	O
sequences	O
on	O
the	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
genome	O
are	O
known	O
to	O
carry	O
cis	B-DISO
-	O
acting	O
elements	O
for	O
DI	B-PRGE
RNA	I-PRGE
replication	O
and	O
presumably	O
also	O
virus	B-SPEC
genome	O
replication	O
.	O

Extensive	O
regions	O
of	O
highly	O
similar	O
UTR	O
sequences	O
were	O
found	O
but	O
small	O
regions	O
of	O
divergence	O
were	O
also	O
found	O
indicating	O
group	O
2	O
coronaviruses	O
could	O
be	O
subdivided	O
into	O
those	O
that	O
are	O
bovine	B-SPEC
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
BCoV	B-SPEC
)-	O
like	O
(	O
BCoV	B-SPEC
,	O
human	B-PRGE
respiratory	I-PRGE
coronavirus	B-SPEC
-	I-PRGE
OC43	I-PRGE
,	O
human	B-SPEC
enteric	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
,	O
porcine	B-SPEC
hemagglutinating	O
encephalomyelitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
,	O
and	O
equine	B-SPEC
coronavirus	B-SPEC
)	O
and	O
those	O
that	O
are	O
murine	B-SPEC
hepatitis	I-DISO
virus	O
(	O
MHV	B-SPEC
)-	O
like	O
(	O
A59	O
,	O
2	O
,	O
and	O
JHM	O
strains	O
of	O
MHV	B-SPEC
,	O
puffinosis	O
virus	B-SPEC
,	O
and	O
rat	B-SPEC
sialodacryoadenitis	O
virus	B-SPEC
).	O

The	O
3	O
'	O
UTRs	O
of	O
BCoV	O
and	O
MHV	B-SPEC
have	O
been	O
previously	O
shown	O
to	O
be	O
interchangeable	O
.	O

Here	O
,	O
a	O
reporter	O
-	O
containing	O
BCoV	B-PRGE
DI	I-PRGE
RNA	I-PRGE
was	O
shown	O
to	O
be	O
replicated	O
by	O
all	O
five	O
BCoV	O
-	O
like	O
helper	O
viruses	B-SPEC
and	O
by	O
MHV	B-SPEC
-	O
H2	O
(	O
a	O
human	B-SPEC
cell	B-COMP
-	O
adapted	O
MHV	B-SPEC
strain	O
),	O
a	O
representative	O
of	O
the	O
MHV	B-SPEC
-	O
like	O
subgroup	O
,	O
demonstrating	O
group	O
2	O
common	O
5	O
'	O
and	O
3	O
'	O
replication	O
signaling	B-PROC
elements	O
.	O

According	O
to	O
our	O
case	O
definition	O
,	O
there	O
were	O
227	O
cases	O
of	O
confirmed	O
SARS	B-DISO
and	O
40	O
cases	O
of	O
probable	O
SARS	B-DISO
.	O

Sixty	O
-	O
nine	O
patients	O
(	O
26	O
%)	O
required	O
intensive	O
care	O
because	O
of	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Respiratory	O
management	O
in	O
a	O
patient	O
with	O
severe	O
tracheal	B-DISO
stenosis	I-DISO
caused	O
by	O
compression	O
from	O
the	O
ascending	O
aortic	O
arch	O
aneurysm	O
].	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
In	O
cases	O
of	O
tracheal	O
compression	O
by	O
a	O
mediastinal	B-ANAT
mass	O
or	O
aortic	B-DISO
aneurysm	I-DISO
,	O
muscle	B-DISO
relaxant	I-DISO
might	O
induce	O
fetal	B-ANAT
ventilatory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
.	O

After	O
the	O
induction	O
of	O
general	B-PROC
anesthesia	I-PROC
for	O
video	O
-	O
assisted	O
thoracic	B-DISO
surgery	O
(	O
VATS	O
)	O
for	O
high	O
-	O
pneumothorax	B-DISO
,	O
she	O
was	O
placed	O
in	O
lateral	O
position	O
.	O

Astrocytes	B-ANAT
are	O
the	O
major	O
target	O
for	O
MHV	B-SPEC
persistence	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
SARS	B-DISO
has	O
been	O
called	O
the	O
first	O
global	O
epidemic	O
of	O
the	O
21st	O
century	O
and	O
has	O
been	O
the	O
cause	O
of	O
a	O
massive	O
and	O
varied	O
public	O
health	O
response	O
in	O
many	O
countries	O
of	O
the	O
world	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Monitoring	O
community	O
responses	O
to	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
epidemic	O
in	O
Hong	O
Kong	O
:	O
from	O
day	O
10	O
to	O
day	O
62	O
.	O

Most	O
of	O
the	O
respondents	O
believed	O
that	O
SARS	B-DISO
could	O
be	O
transmitted	B-DISO
via	O
direct	O
body	B-ANAT
contact	O
and	O
droplets	O
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
SARS	B-DISO
related	O
perceptions	O
and	O
behaviours	O
evolved	O
rapidly	O
during	O
the	O
epidemic	O
and	O
Hong	O
Kong	O
residents	O
quickly	O
adopted	O
appropriate	O
SARS	B-DISO
prevention	O
measures	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Clinical	O
features	O
and	O
management	O
of	O
recurrence	B-DISO
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
].	O

These	O
patients	O
were	O
treated	O
with	O
glucocorticoids	B-CHED
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
One	O
hundred	O
and	O
twenty	O
three	O
patients	O
with	O
SARS	B-DISO
were	O
referred	O
to	O
the	O
First	O
Hospital	O
of	O
Peking	O
University	O
from	O
8	O
,	O
April	O
to	O
14	O
,	O
May	O
this	O
year	O
and	O
of	O
whom	O
51	O
were	O
the	O
critical	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Cardiac	B-ANAT
presentations	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
SARS	B-DISO
].	O

During	O
an	O
outbreak	O
,	O
even	O
patients	O
with	O
low	O
suspicion	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
should	O
be	O
promptly	O
isolated	O
,	O
and	O
all	O
contacts	O
quarantined	O
.	O

To	O
counter	B-CHED
a	O
possible	O
resurgence	O
of	O
SARS	O
,	O
a	O
system	O
of	O
prepared	O
isolation	O
and	O
quarantine	O
facilities	O
is	O
important	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Rational	O
therapeutic	O
regime	O
of	O
glucocorticoid	B-CHED
in	O
patients	O
with	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
and	O
its	O
receptor	O
mechanism	O
].	O

Because	O
the	O
ELISA	O
titer	O
correlated	O
well	O
with	O
the	O
protection	O
results	O
,	O
the	O
specificity	O
and	O
sensitivity	O
of	O
the	O
ELISA	O
were	O
further	O
evaluated	O
with	O
sera	B-COMP
collected	O
from	O
pigs	B-SPEC
reared	O
on	O
1	O
farm	O
on	O
which	O
animals	B-SPEC
had	O
acute	O
septicemia	B-DISO
,	O
2	O
farms	O
on	O
which	O
the	O
animals	B-SPEC
were	O
infected	O
or	O
free	O
from	O
infection	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
10	O
farms	O
on	O
which	O
the	O
animals	B-SPEC
were	O
vaccinated	O
with	O
live	O
vaccine	O
,	O
among	O
others	O
.	O

The	O
high	O
frequency	O
of	O
ARDS	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
MTP	O
defects	O
suggests	O
that	O
this	O
inborn	O
error	O
may	O
be	O
a	O
risk	O
factor	O
for	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Onset	O
time	O
of	O
complications	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
acute	B-DISO
pancreatitis	I-DISO
receiving	O
nonoperative	O
therapy	O
.	O

The	O
95	O
%	O
confidence	O
interval	O
of	O
total	O
average	O
for	O
the	O
complications	O
of	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
),	O
shock	O
and	O
kidney	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
was	O
between	O
2	O
to	O
4	O
days	O
,	O
and	O
for	O
encephalopathy	B-DISO
,	O
hemorrhage	B-DISO
of	O
the	O
digestive	B-ANAT
tract	I-ANAT
,	O
bacterial	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
,	O
fungous	O
infection	B-DISO
and	O
abscess	B-DISO
between	O
3	O
to	O
6	O
days	O
,	O
3	O
to	O
5	O
days	O
,	O
13	O
to	O
16	O
days	O
,	O
13	O
to	O
16	O
days	O
,	O
and	O
14	O
to	O
23	O
days	O
respectively	O
.	O

The	O
95	O
%	O
confidence	O
interval	O
of	O
total	O
average	O
in	O
18	O
deaths	B-PROC
(	O
21	O
%)	O
was	O
between	O
5	O
to	O
6	O
days	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
The	O
95	O
%	O
confidence	O
interval	O
of	O
total	O
average	O
for	O
the	O
complications	O
of	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
),	O
shock	O
and	O
kidney	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
was	O
between	O
2	O
to	O
4	O
days	O
,	O
and	O
for	O
encephalopathy	B-DISO
,	O
hemorrhage	B-DISO
of	O
the	O
digestive	B-ANAT
tract	I-ANAT
,	O
bacterial	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
,	O
fungous	O
infection	B-DISO
and	O
abscess	B-DISO
between	O
3	O
to	O
6	O
days	O
,	O
3	O
to	O
5	O
days	O
,	O
13	O
to	O
16	O
days	O
,	O
13	O
to	O
16	O
days	O
,	O
and	O
14	O
to	O
23	O
days	O
respectively	O
.	O

In	O
the	O
past	O
the	O
clinical	O
significance	O
of	O
some	O
viruses	B-SPEC
was	O
underestimated	O
.	O

Acute	O
respiratory	O
viruses	B-SPEC
commonly	O
induce	O
inflammatory	O
chemokines	O
such	O
as	O
CCL3	B-PRGE
(	O
also	O
known	O
as	O
macrophage	B-PRGE
inflammatory	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
-	I-PRGE
1alpha	I-PRGE
)	O
and	O
CCL5	B-PRGE
(	O
RANTES	B-PRGE
),	O
which	O
can	O
amplify	O
inflammatory	B-DISO
responses	I-DISO
leading	O
to	O
immunopathology	B-DISO
.	O

Inflammatory	O
chemokines	O
play	O
both	O
beneficial	O
and	O
harmful	O
roles	O
in	O
infectious	O
diseases	B-DISO
caused	I-DISO
by	I-DISO
viruses	I-DISO
.	O

Immunity	B-PROC
assay	O
with	O
BALB	O
/	O
C	O
mice	B-SPEC
showed	O
that	O
expression	B-PROC
products	O
of	O
transgenic	O
potato	B-SPEC
with	O
S1	B-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
of	O
IBV	B-SPEC
were	O
immunogenic	O
,	O
and	O
ELISA	O
antibody	B-COMP
titer	O
reached	O
1	O
:	O
20	O
to	O
1	O
:	O
40	O
and	O
1	O
:	O
80	O
to	O
1	O
:	O
160	O
with	O
doses	O
of	O
0	O
.	O
5	O
g	O
and	O
1	O
g	O
,	O
respectively	O
.	O

The	O
virus	B-SPEC
was	O
isolated	O
in	O
58	O
(	O
16	O
%)	O
of	O
361	O
patients	O
whose	O
lower	B-ANAT
respiratory	I-ANAT
tract	I-ANAT
was	O
sampled	O
.	O

HSV	B-SPEC
in	O
the	O
throat	B-ANAT
was	O
associated	O
with	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
p	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
001	O
)	O
and	O
with	O
increased	O
length	O
of	O
stay	O
in	O
intensive	O
care	O
(	O
p	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
001	O
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Transfusion	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
related	I-DISO
acute	I-DISO
lung	I-DISO
injury	I-DISO
or	O
acute	B-DISO
chest	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
of	O
sickle	B-DISO
cell	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
?	O

TITLE	O
:	O
SARS	B-DISO
infection	B-DISO
control	O
in	O
Taiwan	O
:	O
investigation	O
of	O
nurses	O
'	O
professional	O
obligation	O
.	O

Nurses	O
'	O
levels	O
of	O
agreement	O
with	O
general	O
SARS	B-DISO
infection	B-DISO
control	O
measures	O
,	O
self	O
-	O
treatment	O
of	O
relief	O
of	O
fever	B-PROC
and	O
cough	B-DISO
,	O
necessity	O
to	O
close	O
Hoping	O
and	O
Jenchi	O
hospitals	O
,	O
nurses	O
'	O
physical	O
health	O
status	O
,	O
and	O
holding	O
a	O
bachelor	O
'	O
s	O
degree	O
were	O
statistically	O
significant	O
predictors	O
of	O
nurses	O
'	O
willingness	O
to	O
care	O
for	O
SARS	O
patients	O
.	O

We	O
compared	O
clinical	O
symptoms	O
between	O
SARS	B-DISO
and	O
influenza	B-DISO
and	O
discussed	O
infection	B-DISO
-	O
control	O
measures	O
.	O

Since	O
both	O
SARS	B-DISO
and	O
influenza	B-DISO
mainly	O
spread	O
by	O
droplet	O
infection	B-DISO
,	O
preventive	O
measures	O
against	O
this	O
route	O
are	O
important	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
is	O
probably	O
here	O
to	O
stay	O
,	O
and	O
every	O
health	O
care	O
institution	O
should	O
take	O
precautions	O
against	O
an	O
outbreak	O
.	O

Serum	B-COMP
protein	B-CHED
electrophoresis	O
and	O
the	O
concentration	O
of	O
haptoglobin	B-PRGE
(	O
Hp	O
),	O
serum	B-PRGE
amyloid	B-DISO
A	I-PRGE
(	O
SAA	O
),	O
alpha	O
(	O
1	O
)-	O
acid	O
glycoprotein	B-CHED
(	O
AGP	B-PRGE
),	O
IgG	B-PRGE
and	O
IgM	B-PRGE
were	O
evaluated	O
in	O
cats	B-SPEC
exposed	O
to	O
feline	B-SPEC
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
FCoV	O
)	O
and	O
in	O
cats	B-SPEC
with	O
FIP	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
disease	O
presents	O
variably	O
with	O
multiple	B-DISO
organ	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
,	O
seizures	B-DISO
,	I-DISO
generalized	I-DISO
effusion	B-DISO
,	O
or	O
shock	O
.	O

Neurological	O
FIP	B-DISO
is	O
clinically	O
and	O
pathologically	O
more	O
homogeneous	O
than	O
systemic	O
'	O
wet	O
'	O
or	O
'	O
dry	O
'	O
FIP	B-DISO
;	O
thus	O
,	O
comparison	O
of	O
cytokine	O
profiles	O
from	O
cats	B-SPEC
with	O
neurological	O
FIP	B-DISO
,	O
wet	B-DISO
FIP	I-DISO
,	O
and	O
non	O
-	O
FIP	B-DISO
neurological	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
may	O
provide	O
insight	O
into	O
some	O
baseline	O
characteristics	O
relating	O
to	O
the	O
immunopathogenesis	O
of	O
neurological	O
FIP	B-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
is	O
a	O
new	O
,	O
sometimes	O
lethal	O
disease	O
of	O
humans	B-SPEC
that	O
is	O
caused	O
by	O
a	O
novel	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
.	O

In	O
addition	O
,	O
bioinformatic	O
analysis	O
has	O
predicted	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
enzymatic	O
activities	O
associated	O
with	O
proteins	B-CHED
of	O
the	O
viral	B-PRGE
replicase	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
transcriptase	I-PRGE
complex	O
.	O

We	O
describe	O
herein	O
a	O
DNA	O
microarray	O
-	O
based	O
platform	O
for	O
novel	O
virus	B-SPEC
identification	O
and	O
characterization	O
.	O

During	O
an	O
outbreak	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
in	O
March	O
2003	O
,	O
hybridization	B-PROC
to	O
this	O
microarray	O
revealed	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
a	O
previously	O
uncharacterized	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
in	O
a	O
viral	O
isolate	O
cultivated	O
from	O
a	O
SARS	B-DISO
patient	O
.	O

We	O
abstracted	O
data	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
62	O
)	O
on	O
the	O
radiologic	O
appearance	O
and	O
course	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
in	O
pediatric	O
patients	O
with	O
suspect	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
25	O
)	O
or	O
probable	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
37	O
)	O
SARS	B-DISO
,	O
diagnosed	O
in	O
five	O
hospital	O
sites	O
located	O
in	O
three	O
cities	O
:	O
Toronto	O
,	O
Singapore	O
,	O
and	O
Hong	O
Kong	O
.	O

Swollen	B-DISO
tongue	I-DISO
body	O
was	O
found	O
in	O
23	O
patients	O
(	O
14	O
.	O
8	O
%)	O
and	O
teeth	B-ANAT
print	O
on	O
margin	B-ANAT
was	O
found	O
in	O
19	O
patients	O
(	O
12	O
.	O
3	O
%).	O

Patients	O
with	O
affected	O
lung	B-ANAT
>	O
or	O
=	O
3	O
lobules	B-ANAT
mostly	O
had	O
pale	B-DISO
dark	O
proper	O
and	O
yellow	O
coating	O
on	O
root	B-ANAT
,	O
but	O
those	O
with	O
involved	O
lung	B-ANAT
<	O
3	O
lobules	B-ANAT
mostly	O
had	O
light	O
red	O
proper	O
and	O
thin	O
white	O
coating	O
.	O

Tongue	B-ANAT
picture	O
is	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
objective	O
evidence	O
for	O
judging	O
state	O
of	O
illness	O
and	O
Syndrome	B-DISO
Differentiation	B-PROC
based	O
on	O
treatment	O
in	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
.	O

This	O
infection	B-DISO
spreads	O
by	O
droplet	O
transmission	O
and	O
children	O
appear	O
to	O
acquire	O
SARS	B-DISO
through	O
close	O
household	O
contact	O
exposure	O
to	O
infected	O
adults	O
.	O

The	O
virus	B-SPEC
is	O
a	O
novel	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
,	O
which	O
may	O
have	O
an	O
origin	O
in	O
wild	O
animals	B-SPEC
such	O
as	O
civet	B-SPEC
cats	I-SPEC
in	O
southern	O
China	O
.	O

Its	O
genome	O
structure	O
,	O
gene	B-PROC
expression	I-PROC
pattern	O
and	O
protein	B-CHED
profiles	O
are	O
similar	O
to	O
those	O
of	O
other	O
coronaviruses	O
.	O

The	O
mechanism	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
pathogenesis	B-DISO
may	O
involve	O
both	O
direct	O
viral	O
cytocidal	O
effects	O
on	O
the	O
target	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
and	O
immune	O
-	O
mediated	O
mechanisms	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Maintaining	O
dental	O
education	O
and	O
specialist	O
dental	O
care	O
during	O
an	O
outbreak	O
of	O
a	O
new	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
infection	I-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
causal	O
agent	O
for	O
SARS	O
is	O
considered	O
as	O
a	O
novel	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
that	O
has	O
never	O
been	O
described	O
both	O
in	O
human	B-SPEC
and	O
animals	B-SPEC
previously	O
.	O

Serum	B-COMP
levels	O
of	O
ILs	B-DISO
,	O
TNF	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
alpha	I-PRGE
and	O
TGF	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
beta1	I-PRGE
were	O
measured	O
in	O
all	O
cases	O
.	O

Although	O
TGF	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
beta1	I-PRGE
in	O
sera	B-COMP
decreased	O
in	O
over	O
14	O
day	O
group	O
,	O
the	O
average	O
was	O
still	O
higher	O
than	O
that	O
of	O
the	O
control	O
group	O
(	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
01	O
).	O

In	O
the	O
early	O
stage	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
(	O
within	O
10	O
days	O
),	O
the	O
expression	B-PROC
of	O
CD40	B-PRGE
decreased	O
significantly	O
as	O
compared	O
with	O
healthy	O
adults	O
(	O
F	O
=	O
5	O
.	O
13	O
,	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
).	O

The	O
number	O
of	O
B	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
in	O
severe	O
SARS	B-DISO
and	O
mild	O
cases	O
were	O
(	O
347	O
+/-	O
156	O
)	O
x	O
10	O
(	O
6	O
)/	O
L	O
and	O
(	O
268	O
+/-	O
211	O
)	O
x	O
10	O
(	O
6	O
)/	O
L	O
respectively	O
.	O

The	O
difference	O
of	O
the	O
infection	B-DISO
rates	O
was	O
of	O
statistical	O
significance	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Four	O
kinds	O
of	O
isolation	O
wards	O
were	O
evaluated	O
,	O
including	O
the	O
ward	O
where	O
the	O
thirty	O
-	O
first	O
bed	B-DISO
lied	O
in	O
on	O
the	O
twelfth	O
floor	O
,	O
the	O
laminar	O
flow	O
ward	O
in	O
the	O
intensive	O
care	O
unit	O
(	O
ICU	O
)	O
where	O
the	O
tenth	O
bed	B-DISO
lied	O
in	O
on	O
the	O
fifteenth	O
floor	O
,	O
the	O
ward	O
where	O
the	O
twenty	O
-	O
seventh	O
bed	B-DISO
lied	O
in	O
on	O
the	O
thirteenth	O
floor	O
of	O
Building	O
A	O
,	O
and	O
thirty	O
wards	O
on	O
the	O
fourteenth	O
to	O
eighteenth	O
floors	O
of	O
Building	O
B	O
.	O
The	O
ratios	O
(	O
m2	O
/	O
m3	O
)	O
of	O
the	O
area	O
of	O
the	O
ventilation	O
windows	O
to	O
the	O
volume	O
of	O
the	O
room	O
were	O
0	O
,	O
0	O
,	O
1	O
:	O
95	O
and	O
1	O
:	O
40	O
,	O
respectively	O
.	O

We	O
investigated	O
whether	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
can	O
be	O
detected	O
in	O
serum	B-COMP
and	O
plasma	B-ANAT
samples	O
during	O
the	O
early	O
stages	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
and	O
studied	O
the	O
potential	O
prognostic	O
implications	O
of	O
such	O
an	O
approach	O
.	O

We	O
developed	O
two	O
real	O
-	O
time	O
quantitative	O
reverse	B-PROC
transcription	I-PROC
-	O
PCR	O
(	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
)	O
assays	O
,	O
one	O
for	O
the	O
polymerase	O
and	O
the	O
other	O
for	O
the	O
nucleocapsid	B-COMP
region	O
of	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
genome	O
,	O
for	O
measuring	O
the	O
concentration	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
RNA	O
in	O
serum	B-COMP
/	O
plasma	B-ANAT
samples	O
from	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
.	O

The	O
identification	O
of	O
these	O
antigenic	O
peptides	B-CHED
contributes	O
to	O
the	O
understanding	O
of	O
the	O
immunogenicity	O
and	O
persistence	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
.	O

Histologic	O
changes	O
in	O
lymphoid	B-ANAT
tissues	I-ANAT
include	O
lymphoid	B-DISO
hyperplasia	I-DISO
,	O
lymphoid	O
depletion	O
,	O
histiocytosis	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
granuloma	B-PROC
formation	I-PROC
.	O

A	O
possible	O
role	O
for	O
TNF	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
alpha	I-PRGE
in	O
the	O
previously	O
described	O
FIPV	O
-	O
induced	O
lymphocyte	B-PROC
apoptosis	B-PATH
is	O
also	O
suggested	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Vaccine	O
efficacy	O
of	O
a	O
cell	B-COMP
lysate	O
with	O
recombinant	O
baculovirus	B-SPEC
-	O
expressed	B-PROC
feline	B-SPEC
infectious	I-DISO
peritonitis	I-DISO
(	O
FIP	O
)	O
virus	B-SPEC
nucleocapsid	B-COMP
protein	B-CHED
against	O
progression	O
of	O
FIP	B-DISO
.	O

Cats	B-SPEC
immunized	O
with	O
this	O
vaccine	O
produced	O
antibodies	O
against	O
FIPV	O
virion	B-COMP
-	O
derived	O
N	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
but	O
did	O
not	O
produce	O
virus	B-SPEC
-	O
neutralizing	O
antibodies	B-COMP
.	O

This	O
study	O
showed	O
that	O
immunization	O
with	O
the	O
cell	B-COMP
lysate	O
with	O
baculovirus	B-SPEC
-	O
expressed	B-PROC
N	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
was	O
effective	O
in	O
preventing	O
the	O
progression	O
of	O
FIP	B-DISO
without	O
inducing	O
ADE	B-CHED
of	O
FIPV	O
infection	B-DISO
in	O
cats	B-SPEC
.	O

Physical	O
examination	O
was	O
performed	O
and	O
nasal	B-ANAT
brush	O
samples	O
were	O
taken	O
during	O
routine	O
visits	O
every	O
6	O
months	O
and	O
during	O
an	O
upper	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
tract	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
(	O
URTI	B-DISO
)	O
(	O
sick	O
visits	O
).	O

During	O
routine	O
visits	O
at	O
12	O
months	O
,	O
a	O
higher	O
prevalence	O
of	O
rhinovirus	B-SPEC
infections	B-DISO
was	O
found	O
in	O
infants	O
who	O
attended	O
day	O
-	O
care	O
compared	O
with	O
those	O
who	O
did	O
not	O
.	O

We	O
did	O
not	O
observe	O
a	O
relation	O
between	O
breast	B-ANAT
-	O
feeding	O
or	O
smoking	O
by	O
one	O
or	O
both	O
parents	O
and	O
the	O
prevalence	O
of	O
rhinovirus	B-SPEC
infections	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
parental	O
history	O
of	O
atopy	B-DISO
was	O
not	O
related	O
to	O
the	O
prevalence	O
of	O
rhinovirus	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
,	O
indicating	O
that	O
the	O
genetic	O
risk	O
of	O
allergic	O
disease	O
does	O
not	O
seem	O
to	O
increase	O
the	O
chance	O
of	O
rhinovirus	B-SPEC
infections	B-DISO
.	O

Good	O
hospital	O
organization	O
and	O
appropriate	O
infection	B-DISO
control	O
strategies	O
are	O
essential	O
to	O
prevent	O
/	O
interrupt	O
disease	B-DISO
transmission	I-DISO
from	O
patients	O
to	O
HCWs	O
(	O
and	O
vice	O
versa	O
)	O
and	O
among	O
inpatients	O
and	O
HCWs	O
themselves	O
.	O

Moreover	O
,	O
work	O
on	O
viral	B-PRGE
neuraminidase	I-PRGE
has	O
led	O
to	O
the	O
licensing	O
of	O
potent	O
selective	O
antiviral	B-CHED
drugs	I-CHED
,	O
and	O
economic	O
decision	O
modelling	O
provides	O
further	O
justification	O
for	O
annual	O
vaccination	O
and	O
a	O
framework	O
for	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
neuraminidase	B-PROC
inhibitors	I-PROC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Neutralization	O
of	O
enteric	O
coronaviruses	O
with	O
Escherichia	B-SPEC
coli	I-SPEC
cells	B-COMP
expressing	O
single	O
-	O
chain	O
Fv	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
autotransporter	I-PRGE
fusions	O
.	O

This	O
result	O
raises	O
prospects	O
for	O
antiviral	B-CHED
strategies	O
aimed	O
at	O
hindering	O
the	O
entry	O
into	O
target	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
by	O
bacteria	B-SPEC
that	O
naturally	O
colonize	O
the	O
same	O
intestinal	B-ANAT
niches	O
.	O

Finally	O
,	O
anti	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
ACE2	I-PRGE
but	O
not	O
anti	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
ACE1	I-PRGE
antibody	I-PRGE
blocked	O
viral	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
on	O
Vero	O
E6	O
cells	B-COMP
.	O

In	O
other	O
severe	O
diseases	O
requiring	O
ventilatory	O
support	O
,	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
surfactants	B-CHED
is	O
still	O
controversial	O
,	O
and	O
data	O
in	O
the	O
literature	O
are	O
limited	O
and	O
conflicting	O
.	O

Further	O
studies	O
should	O
be	O
conducted	O
to	O
improve	O
surfactants	B-CHED
-	O
mainly	O
their	O
resistance	B-PROC
to	O
inhibition	B-PROC
-	O
and	O
the	O
treatment	O
of	O
diseases	O
other	O
than	O
RDS	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Eighteen	O
children	O
(	O
10	O
males	O
),	O
whose	O
mean	O
age	O
was	O
11	O
.	O
5	O
-/+	O
11	O
.	O
5	O
months	O
,	O
with	O
initial	O
PaO	B-PRGE
(	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
)/	I-PRGE
FiO	I-PRGE
(	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
)	I-PRGE
of	O
96	O
.	O
06	O
-/+	O
41	O
.	O
78	O
,	O
participated	O
in	O
the	O
study	O
.	O

After	O
one	O
hour	O
in	O
the	O
prone	O
position	O
,	O
27	O
.	O
7	O
%	O
of	O
the	O
patients	O
(	O
5	O
/	O
18	O
)	O
improved	O
their	O
PaO	B-PROC
(	O
2	O
)/	O
FiO	O
(	O
2	O
)	O
ratio	O
(	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
045	O
).	O

In	O
phylogenetic	O
analysis	O
of	O
18	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
isolates	O
,	O
two	O
classes	O
were	O
observed	O
and	O
there	O
is	O
different	O
differential	O
time	O
between	O
these	O
two	O
classes	O
and	O
the	O
different	O
isolates	O
in	O
each	O
class	B-SPEC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Immunohistochemical	O
investigation	O
of	O
lungs	B-ANAT
with	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
].	O

The	O
numbers	O
of	O
blood	B-ANAT
vessels	I-ANAT
decreased	O
in	O
the	O
fibrotic	O
and	O
consolidated	O
lung	B-ANAT
tissue	I-ANAT
,	O
and	O
the	O
vessel	B-ANAT
cavities	B-DISO
enlarged	O
,	O
losing	O
the	O
normal	O
contour	O
of	O
alveolar	B-ANAT
septa	O
.	O

Diffusing	O
capacity	O
for	O
carbon	B-CHED
monoxide	I-CHED
(	O
DLco	O
%)	O
of	O
level	O
2	O
and	O
3	O
were	O
statistically	O
lower	O
than	O
that	O
of	O
level	O
0	O
(	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
01	O
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Assessment	O
of	O
health	O
-	O
related	O
quality	O
of	O
life	O
in	O
cured	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
].	O

One	O
hundred	O
and	O
nineteen	O
SARS	B-DISO
outpatients	O
,	O
including	O
64	O
men	O
and	O
55	O
women	O
,	O
with	O
mean	O
age	O
(	O
34	O
.	O
1	O
+/-	O

11	O
.	O
4	O
)	O
years	O
and	O
average	O
days	O
of	O
discharge	B-ANAT
from	O
hospital	O
(	O
28	O
.	O
0	O
+/-	O

SGRQ	O
is	O
a	O
sensitive	O
tool	O
for	O
assessing	O
quality	O
of	O
life	O
in	O
cured	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
.	O

Coronavirus	B-SPEC
was	O
observed	O
in	O
the	O
culture	O
supernatant	O
by	O
negative	O
-	O
stain	O
electron	O
microscopy	O
.	O

T	B-ANAT
lymphocytes	I-ANAT
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
decreased	O
dramatically	O
but	O
could	O
be	O
obviously	O
resumed	O
in	O
a	O
short	O
time	O
.	O

People	O
were	O
all	O
susceptible	O
to	O
SARS	B-DISO
,	O
which	O
mainly	O
threatened	O
the	O
young	O
adults	O
and	O
the	O
middle	O
-	O
aged	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
health	O
care	O
workers	O
and	O
the	O
retired	O
workers	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Totally	O
,	O
572	O
cases	O
notified	O
were	O
collected	O
during	O
this	O
period	O
in	O
Dongcheng	O
District	O
,	O
Beijing	O
,	O
and	O
99	O
of	O
them	O
were	O
excluded	O
from	O
SARS	B-DISO
,	O
because	O
of	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
common	B-DISO
cold	I-DISO
,	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
,	O
measles	B-PATH
,	O
or	O
rubella	B-DISO
,	O
etc	O
.	O

Persons	O
were	O
all	O
susceptible	O
to	O
SARS	B-DISO
,	O
with	O
the	O
highest	O
proportion	O
at	O
ages	O
of	O
20	O
-	O
50	O
years	O
,	O
which	O
accounted	O
for	O
68	O
.	O
7	O
%	O
of	O
the	O
total	O
cases	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Reliability	O
of	O
detecting	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
antibody	B-COMP
for	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
].	O

In	O
addition	O
,	O
the	O
AC	O
and	O
PC	O
of	O
CD95	B-PRGE
+	I-PRGE
CD4	I-PRGE
+/	I-PRGE
CD4	B-PRGE
and	O
CD95	B-PRGE
+	I-PRGE
CD8	I-PRGE
/	O
CD8	B-PRGE
subset	O
in	O
group	O
III	O
were	O
highest	O
while	O
group	O
I	O
was	O
lowest	O
.	O

All	O
patients	O
were	O
given	O
ribavirin	B-CHED
and	O
antibiotics	B-CHED
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
analyze	O
tracheal	O
intubation	O
and	O
respiratory	O
treatment	O
in	O
the	O
critical	O
severe	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
patients	O
.	O

Review	O
and	O
analyze	O
tracheal	O
intubation	O
and	O
respiratory	O
treatment	O
in	O
critical	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
in	O
intensive	O
care	O
unit	O
(	O
ICU	O
).	O

Conventional	O
PCR	O
and	O
real	O
-	O
time	O
PCR	O
alone	O
identified	O
fewer	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
positive	O
cases	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
is	O
a	O
rapidly	O
progressive	O
,	O
and	O
sometime	O
fatal	O
disease	O
with	O
more	O
than	O
1800	O
patients	O
in	O
over	O
a	O
dozen	O
countries	O
in	O
Asia	O
,	O
Europe	O
,	O
and	O
North	O
America	O
(	O
including	O
the	O
United	O
States	O
and	O
Canada	O
)	O
within	O
two	O
months	O
.	O

This	O
essay	O
presents	O
a	O
qualitative	O
flowchart	O
that	O
follows	O
SARS	B-DISO
from	O
its	O
origin	O
in	O
China	O
to	O
the	O
accumulation	O
of	O
global	O
damage	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Molecular	O
diagnostics	O
of	O
atypical	B-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Molecular	O
model	O
of	O
SARS	B-PRGE
coronavirus	B-SPEC
polymerase	I-PRGE
:	O
implications	O
for	O
biochemical	O
functions	O
and	O
drug	O
design	O
.	O

Our	O
results	O
suggest	O
that	O
designing	O
anti	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
SARS	I-PRGE
therapies	O
can	O
benefit	O
from	O
successful	O
experiences	O
in	O
design	O
of	O
other	O
antiviral	B-CHED
drugs	I-CHED
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
describe	O
the	O
outbreak	O
of	O
severe	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
in	O
Toronto	O
,	O
its	O
impact	O
on	O
anesthesia	B-DISO
practice	O
and	O
the	O
infection	B-DISO
control	O
guidelines	O
adopted	O
to	O
manage	O
patients	O
in	O
the	O
operating	O
room	O
(	O
OR	O
)	O
and	O
to	O
provide	O
emergency	B-DISO
intubation	O
outside	O
the	O
OR	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Wisconsin	O
is	O
blessed	O
with	O
an	O
abundance	O
of	O
high	O
quality	O
water	B-CHED
that	O
has	O
played	O
a	O
significant	O
role	O
in	O
the	O
economic	O
and	O
social	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
the	O
state	O
.	O

While	O
easy	O
access	O
to	O
modern	O
medical	O
care	O
combined	O
with	O
improved	O
water	B-CHED
treatment	O
technologies	O
have	O
greatly	O
decreased	O
waterborne	O
disease	O
,	O
the	O
microbiology	O
of	O
Wisconsin	O
'	O
s	O
waters	O
still	O
deserves	O
continued	O
vigilance	O
and	O
attention	O
.	O

The	O
World	O
Health	O
Organization	O
currently	O
estimates	O
that	O
,	O
on	O
a	O
global	O
basis	O
,	O
4	O
billion	O
annual	O
cases	O
of	O
waterborne	O
diarrhea	O
result	O
in	O
more	O
than	O
2	O
million	O
deaths	B-PROC
per	O
year	O
--	O
the	O
equivalent	O
of	O
20	O
jumbo	O
jet	O
crashes	O
per	O
day	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Clinical	O
data	O
from	O
488	O
cats	O
(	O
1979	O
-	O
2000	O
)	O
with	O
histopathologically	O
confirmed	O
feline	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
peritonitis	I-DISO
(	O
FIP	B-DISO
)	O
and	O
620	O
comparable	O
controls	O
were	O
evaluated	O
retrospectively	O
to	O
assess	O
the	O
value	O
of	O
several	O
diagnostic	O
tests	O
frequently	O
used	O
in	O
the	O
evaluation	O
of	O
cats	B-SPEC
with	O
suspected	O
FIP	B-DISO
.	O

presence	O
of	O
immune	O
complexes	O
measured	O
by	O
a	O
competitive	O
enzyme	O
-	O
linked	O
immunosorbent	O
assay	O
were	O
0	O
.	O
67	O
and	O
0	O
.	O
84	O
,	O
and	O
detection	O
of	O
viral	O
RNA	O
by	O
serum	B-COMP
reverse	O
-	O
transcriptase	B-PROC
polymerase	O
chain	O
reaction	O
(	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
)	O
were	O
0	O
.	O
90	O
and	O
0	O
.	O
47	O
.	O

In	O
contrast	O
,	O
N	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
association	O
in	O
the	O
majority	O
of	O
the	O
intracellular	B-COMP
RNP	B-COMP
complexes	O
was	O
susceptible	O
to	O
RNase	B-PRGE
A	I-PRGE
-	O
treatment	O
.	O

Histopathological	O
examination	O
revealed	O
serous	O
,	O
fibrinous	O
and	O
haemorrhagic	B-DISO
inflammation	I-DISO
in	O
most	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
alveoli	I-ANAT
,	O
with	O
capillary	B-ANAT
engorgement	B-DISO
and	O
some	O
capillary	B-ANAT
microthrombosis	O
.	O

The	O
subgroup	O
who	O
had	O
received	O
lopinavir	O
/	O
ritonavir	B-CHED
as	O
rescue	O
therapy	O
,	O
showed	O
no	O
difference	O
in	O
overall	O
death	B-PROC
rate	O
and	O
rates	O
of	O
oxygen	B-CHED
desaturation	O
and	O
intubation	O
compared	O
with	O
the	O
matched	O
cohort	O
,	O
and	O
received	O
a	O
higher	O
mean	O
dose	O
of	O
methylprednisolone	B-CHED
.	O

A	O
randomised	O
double	O
-	O
blind	B-DISO
placebo	O
-	O
controlled	O
trial	O
is	O
recommended	O
during	O
future	O
epidemics	O
to	O
further	O
evaluate	O
this	O
treatment	O
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
The	O
addition	O
of	O
lopinavir	O
/	O
ritonavir	B-CHED
to	O
a	O
standard	O
treatment	O
protocol	O
as	O
an	O
initial	O
treatment	O
for	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
appeared	O
to	O
be	O
associated	O
with	O
improved	O
clinical	O
outcome	O
.	O

Research	O
efforts	O
to	O
mitigate	O
their	O
effects	O
have	O
concentrated	O
on	O
improved	O
surveillance	O
and	O
diagnostic	O
capabilities	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
on	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
vaccines	O
and	O
antiviral	B-CHED
agents	I-CHED
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
This	O
study	O
reports	O
on	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
a	O
reverse	B-PRGE
transcriptase	I-PRGE
-	O
polymerase	O
chain	O
reaction	O
(	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
)	O
for	O
the	O
specific	O
detection	O
of	O
turkey	B-SPEC
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
TCoV	O
).	O

To	O
overcome	O
the	O
problem	O
of	O
IBV	B-SPEC
amplification	B-DISO
,	O
a	O
set	O
of	O
separate	O
primers	O
was	O
designed	O
from	O
the	O
spike	O
protein	B-CHED
gene	O
of	O
IBV	B-SPEC
.	O

The	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
under	O
the	O
same	O
conditions	O
as	O
above	O
could	O
effectively	O
differentiate	O
between	O
TCoV	O
and	O
IBV	B-SPEC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
We	O
report	O
on	O
an	O
unusual	O
case	O
of	O
a	O
young	O
African	O
male	O
with	O
systemic	O
lupus	O
erythematosus	O
who	O
developed	O
an	O
acute	O
,	O
severe	O
Guillain	O
-	O
Barré	O
-	O
like	O
peripheral	B-DISO
neuropathy	I-DISO
associated	O
with	O
ascites	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Effects	O
of	O
a	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
associated	I-DISO
coronavirus	I-DISO
vaccine	O
in	O
monkeys	B-SPEC
.	O

All	O
vaccinated	O
animals	B-SPEC
showed	O
strong	O
neutralising	O
antibody	B-PROC
responses	I-PROC
to	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
CoV	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
in	O
vitro	O
.	O

Between	O
March	O
28	O
and	O
June	O
30	O
'	O
2003	O
,	O
29	O
patients	O
with	O
probable	O
SARS	B-DISO
seen	O
at	O
Shin	B-ANAT
Kong	O
Wu	O
Ho	O
-	O
Su	O
Memorial	O
Hospital	O
,	O
Taipei	O
,	O
were	O
analysed	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Presenting	O
symptoms	O
included	O
fever	B-PROC
(	O
100	O
%),	O
cough	B-DISO
(	O
69	O
.	O
0	O
%),	O
chills	B-DISO
or	O
rigor	B-DISO
(	O
62	O
.	O
1	O
%),	O
and	O
shortness	B-DISO
of	I-DISO
breath	I-DISO
(	O
41	O
.	O
4	O
%).	O

The	O
risk	O
factors	O
associated	O
with	O
severe	O
disease	O
were	O
presence	O
of	O
diarrhoea	B-DISO
,	O
high	O
peak	O
LDH	B-PRGE
and	O
CRP	B-PRGE
,	O
high	O
AST	B-PRGE
and	O
creatine	B-PRGE
kinase	I-PRGE
on	O
admission	O
and	O
high	O
peak	O
values	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
During	O
the	O
2003	O
epidemic	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
),	O
CDC	O
and	O
the	O
Council	O
of	O
State	O
and	O
Territorial	O
Epidemiologists	O
(	O
CSTE	O
)	O
developed	O
surveillance	O
criteria	O
to	O
identify	O
persons	O
with	O
SARS	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
position	O
statement	O
included	O
criteria	O
for	O
defining	O
a	O
SARS	B-DISO
case	O
for	O
national	O
reporting	O
.	O

This	O
report	O
summarizes	O
the	O
new	O
U	O
.	O
S	O
.	O
surveillance	O
case	O
definition	O
for	O
SARS	B-DISO
and	O
updates	O
reported	O
cases	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
worldwide	O
and	O
in	O
the	O
United	O
States	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
The	O
role	O
of	O
evolution	B-PROC
in	O
the	O
emergence	O
of	O
infectious	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
.	O

By	O
using	O
traditional	O
yeast	B-SPEC
genetics	O
,	O
host	B-COMP
genes	O
have	O
been	O
identified	O
that	O
function	O
in	O
controlling	O
BMV	B-SPEC
translation	B-PROC
,	O
selecting	O
BMV	B-SPEC
RNAs	O
as	O
replication	O
templates	O
,	O
activating	O
the	O
replication	O
complex	O
,	O
maintaining	O
a	O
lipid	B-CHED
composition	O
required	O
for	O
membrane	B-COMP
-	O
associated	O
RNA	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
,	O
and	O
other	O
steps	O
.	O

Approximately	O
4500	O
yeast	B-SPEC
deletion	O
strains	O
(	O
approximately	O
80	O
%	O
of	O
yeast	B-SPEC
genes	O
)	O
were	O
screened	O
in	O
duplicate	O
and	O
selected	O
strains	O
analyzed	O
further	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
A	O
novel	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
,	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
)	O
was	O
discovered	O
as	O
the	O
pathogen	O
of	O
the	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
).	O

The	O
recombinant	O
protein	B-CHED
was	O
identified	O
by	O
Western	O
blot	O
and	O
mass	O
spectrometry	O
.	O

The	O
majority	O
of	O
patients	O
(	O
80	O
%)	O
and	O
next	O
of	O
kin	B-PRGE
(	O
76	O
%)	O
were	O
at	O
least	O
moderately	O
satisfied	O
with	O
current	O
restricted	O
limiting	O
hours	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
SARS	B-DISO
is	O
a	O
devastating	O
disease	O
that	O
caused	O
widespread	O
morbidity	O
and	O
mortality	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
tremendous	O
fear	O
and	O
uncertainty	O
across	O
the	O
global	O
village	O
.	O

But	O
it	O
all	O
paled	O
in	O
comparison	O
with	O
what	O
followed	O
,	O
as	O
we	O
coped	O
with	O
the	O
outbreak	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
membrane	B-COMP
-	O
associated	O
carboxypeptidase	O
angiotensin	O
-	O
converting	O
enzyme	O
2	O
(	O
ACE2	B-PRGE
)	O
is	O
an	O
essential	O
regulator	O
of	O
heart	B-PROC
function	I-PROC
.	O

After	O
Koch	O
'	O
s	O
postulates	O
had	O
been	O
fulfilled	O
,	O
WHO	O
officially	O
declared	O
on	O
16	O
April	O
2003	O
that	O
this	O
virus	B-SPEC
never	O
before	O
seen	O
in	O
humans	O
is	O
the	O
cause	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
vaccine	O
development	B-PROC
:	O
experiences	O
of	O
vaccination	O
against	O
avian	B-SPEC
infectious	I-DISO
bronchitis	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
.	O

Genetic	O
lines	O
of	O
chickens	B-SPEC
differ	O
in	O
the	O
extent	O
to	O
which	O
IBV	B-SPEC
causes	O
mortality	O
in	O
chicks	O
,	O
and	O
in	O
respect	O
of	O
clearance	O
of	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
after	O
the	O
acute	O
phase	O
.	O

This	O
increases	O
protection	O
of	O
the	O
laying	O
birds	B-SPEC
against	O
egg	B-ANAT
production	O
losses	O
and	O
induces	O
a	O
sustained	O
level	O
of	O
serum	B-PRGE
antibody	B-COMP
,	O
which	O
is	O
passed	O
to	O
progeny	O
.	O

The	O
large	O
spike	O
glycoprotein	B-CHED
(	O
S	O
)	O
comprises	O
a	O
carboxy	B-CHED
-	O
terminal	O
S2	O
subunit	O
(	O
approximately	O
625	O
amino	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
residues	O
),	O
which	O
anchors	O
S	O
in	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
envelope	B-COMP
,	O
and	O
an	O
amino	O
-	O
terminal	O
S1	O
subunit	O
(	O
approximately	O
520	O
residues	O
),	O
believed	O
to	O
largely	O
form	O
the	O
distal	O
bulbous	O
part	O
of	O
S	O
.	O
The	O
S1	B-PRGE
subunit	I-PRGE
(	O
purified	O
from	O
IBV	B-SPEC
virus	B-SPEC
,	O
expressed	B-PROC
using	O
baculovirus	B-SPEC
or	O
expressed	B-PROC
in	O
birds	B-SPEC
from	O
a	O
fowlpoxvirus	B-SPEC
vector	O
)	O
induced	O
virus	B-SPEC
neutralizing	O
antibody	B-COMP
.	O

It	O
is	O
caused	O
by	O
a	O
novel	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
,	O
probably	O
of	O
animal	B-SPEC
origin	O
.	O

A	O
high	O
index	O
of	O
suspicion	O
for	O
the	O
disease	O
,	O
isolation	O
of	O
patients	O
,	O
strict	O
observation	O
of	O
infection	B-DISO
control	O
practices	O
and	O
compliance	O
with	O
use	O
of	O
personal	O
protective	O
equipment	O
are	O
necessary	O
to	O
prevent	O
nosocomial	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
.	O

Prevention	O
of	O
future	O
outbreaks	O
requires	O
strengthening	O
of	O
infection	B-DISO
control	O
practices	O
in	O
hospitals	O
,	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
a	O
rapid	O
diagnostic	O
test	O
and	O
a	O
vaccine	O
,	O
and	O
removal	O
of	O
any	O
animal	B-SPEC
reservoir	O
and	O
environmental	O
conditions	O
that	O
led	O
to	O
the	O
spread	O
of	O
the	O
disease	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Emerging	O
viruses	B-SPEC
set	O
to	O
soar	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Community	O
-	O
based	O
elderly	O
studies	O
concerning	O
microbiology	O
of	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
infections	I-DISO
are	O
scarce	O
.	O

Participants	O
,	O
persons	O
>/=	O
60	O
years	O
,	O
reported	O
daily	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
respiratory	B-DISO
symptoms	I-DISO
in	O
a	O
diary	O
.	O

This	O
study	O
supports	O
the	O
importance	O
of	O
rhinovirus	B-SPEC
infections	B-DISO
in	O
community	O
-	O
dwelling	O
elderly	O
persons	O
,	O
whereas	O
asymptomatic	O
elderly	O
persons	O
can	O
also	O
harbor	O
pathogens	O
as	O
detected	O
by	O
PCR	O
,	O
and	O
thus	O
might	O
be	O
a	O
source	O
of	O
infection	B-DISO
for	O
their	O
environment	O
.	O

In	O
4	O
%	O
of	O
the	O
symptom	B-DISO
-	O
free	O
control	O
periods	B-PROC
a	O
virus	B-SPEC
was	O
detected	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
In	O
addition	O
to	O
maintaining	O
the	O
GenBank	O
(	O
R	O
)	O
nucleic	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
sequence	O
database	O
,	O
the	O
National	O
Center	O
for	O
Biotechnology	O
Information	O
(	O
NCBI	O
)	O
provides	O
data	O
analysis	O
and	O
retrieval	O
resources	O
for	O
the	O
data	O
in	O
GenBank	O
and	O
other	O
biological	O
data	O
made	O
available	O
through	O
NCBI	O
'	O
s	O
website	O
.	O

NCBI	O
resources	O
include	O
Entrez	O
,	O
PubMed	O
,	O
PubMed	O
Central	O
,	O
LocusLink	O
,	O
the	O
NCBI	O
Taxonomy	O
Browser	O
,	O
BLAST	B-ANAT
,	O
BLAST	B-ANAT
Link	O
(	O
BLink	B-PROC
),	O
Electronic	O
PCR	O
,	O
OrfFinder	O
,	O
Spidey	O
,	O
RefSeq	O
,	O
UniGene	O
,	O
HomoloGene	O
,	O
ProtEST	O
,	O
dbMHC	O
,	O
dbSNP	O
,	O
Cancer	B-DISO
Chromosome	B-DISO
Aberration	I-DISO
Project	O
(	O
CCAP	O
),	O
Entrez	O
Genomes	O
and	O
related	O
tools	O
,	O
the	O
Map	O
Viewer	O
,	O
Model	O
Maker	O
,	O
Evidence	O
Viewer	O
,	O
Clusters	B-CHED
of	O
Orthologous	O
Groups	O
(	O
COGs	O
)	O
database	O
,	O
Retroviral	B-SPEC
Genotyping	O
Tools	O
,	O
SARS	B-DISO
Coronavirus	B-SPEC
Resource	O
,	O
SAGEmap	O
,	O
Gene	B-PROC
Expression	I-PROC
Omnibus	O
(	O
GEO	O
),	O
Online	B-PRGE
Mendelian	I-PRGE
Inheritance	I-PRGE
in	I-PRGE
Man	B-CHED
(	O
OMIM	O
),	O
the	O
Molecular	O
Modeling	O
Database	O
(	O
MMDB	O
),	O
the	O
Conserved	O
Domain	O
Database	O
(	O
CDD	B-DISO
)	O
and	O
the	O
Conserved	O
Domain	O
Architecture	O
Retrieval	O
Tool	O
(	O
CDART	O
).	O

Although	O
many	O
infected	O
persons	O
traveled	O
on	O
commercial	O
aircraft	O
,	O
the	O
risk	O
,	O
if	O
any	O
,	O
of	O
in	O
-	O
flight	B-PROC
transmission	O
is	O
unknown	O
.	O

In	O
contrast	O
,	O
another	O
flight	B-PROC
carrying	O
four	O
symptomatic	O
persons	O
resulted	O
in	O
transmission	O
to	O
at	O
most	O
one	O
other	O
person	O
,	O
and	O
no	O
illness	O
was	O
documented	O
in	O
passengers	O
on	O
the	O
flight	B-PROC
that	O
carried	O
a	O
person	O
who	O
had	O
presymptomatic	O
SARS	B-DISO
.	O

Using	O
twelve	O
gene	O
prediction	O
methods	O
to	O
predict	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
known	O
genes	O
,	O
we	O
select	O
four	O
better	O
methods	O
including	O
Heuristic	O
models	O
,	O
Gene	O
Identification	O
,	O
ZCURVE_CoV	O
and	O
ORF	O
FINDER	O
to	O
predict	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
(	O
BJ01	O
),	O
and	O
use	O
ATGpr	O
for	O
analyzing	O
probability	O
of	O
initiation	O
codon	O
and	O
Kozak	O
rule	O
,	O
search	O
transcription	B-PROC
regulating	O
sequence	O
(	O
TRS	B-DISO
)	O
in	O
order	B-SPEC
to	O
improve	O
the	O
accuracy	O
of	O
predicted	O
genes	O
.	O

At	O
the	O
same	O
time	O
,	O
we	O
separate	O
the	O
21	O
ORFs	O
into	O
four	O
classes	O
using	O
codition	O
of	O
four	O
gene	O
prediction	O
methods	O
,	O
match	O
score	O
,	O
match	O
expection	O
and	O
match	O
length	O
between	O
predicted	O
gene	O
and	O
Coronavirus	B-SPEC
known	O
gene	O
.	O

The	O
aim	O
of	O
this	O
study	O
was	O
to	O
assess	O
the	O
high	O
-	O
resolution	O
CT	O
(	O
HRCT	O
)	O
findings	O
at	O
presentation	O
and	O
after	O
hospital	O
admission	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
).	O

The	O
predominant	O
HRCT	O
findings	O
at	O
presentation	O
consisted	O
of	O
unilateral	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
6	O
)	O
or	O
bilateral	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
2	O
)	O
ground	O
-	O
glass	O
opacities	B-DISO
or	O
focal	O
unilateral	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
2	O
)	O
or	O
bilateral	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
2	O
)	O
areas	O
of	O
consolidation	O
.	O

This	O
arrangement	O
freed	O
the	O
other	O
CT	O
scanners	O
in	O
the	O
main	O
department	O
for	O
non	O
-	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
.	O

In	O
5	O
weeks	O
,	O
90	O
studies	O
were	O
performed	O
;	O
no	O
cases	O
of	O
cross	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
of	O
health	O
care	O
workers	O
were	O
reported	O
.	O

Mobile	O
CT	O
may	O
be	O
used	O
to	O
provide	O
dedicated	O
radiology	O
services	O
to	O
seriously	O
ill	B-DISO
patients	O
requiring	O
strict	O
isolation	O
during	O
an	O
infectious	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
outbreak	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
the	O
receptor	O
of	O
the	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
has	O
not	O
been	O
identified	O
yet	O
.	O

The	O
binding	B-FUNC
ability	O
of	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
to	O
porcine	B-PRGE
APN	I-PRGE
(	O
pAPN	O
)	O
and	O
the	O
effects	O
of	O
pAPN	O
on	O
infectivity	O
of	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
in	O
Vero	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
were	O
also	O
investigated	O
.	O

With	O
occurrence	O
of	O
the	O
first	O
SARS	B-DISO
case	O
in	O
Germany	O
a	O
nationwide	O
surveillance	O
system	O
for	O
SARS	B-DISO
was	O
established	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Evaluation	O
on	O
the	O
functions	O
and	O
cost	O
of	O
'	B-PROC
fever	I-PROC
clinics	O
'	O
during	O
the	O
period	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
epidemics	O
in	O
Beijing	O
].	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
identify	O
the	O
experiences	O
and	O
lessons	O
learned	B-PROC
on	O
'	B-PROC
fever	I-PROC
clinics	O
'	O
during	O
the	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
epidemic	O
in	O
Beijing	O
and	O
to	O
propose	O
a	O
better	O
model	O
in	O
monitoring	O
SARS	B-DISO
to	O
fit	B-DISO
the	O
'	B-PROC
fever	I-PROC
clinics	O
'	O
into	O
current	O
situation	O
.	O

The	O
setting	O
,	O
functions	O
and	O
administration	O
of	O
current	O
63	O
'	B-PROC
fever	I-PROC
clinics	O
'	O
in	O
Beijing	O
;	O
2	O
.	O

Survey	O
on	O
patients	O
with	O
fever	B-PROC
who	O
had	O
visited	O
'	B-PROC
fever	I-PROC
clinics	O
'	O
and	O
randomly	O
selected	O
from	O
the	O
63	O
fever	B-PROC
clinics	O
;	O
3	O
.	O

Short	O
-	O
term	O
and	O
long	O
-	O
term	O
suggestions	O
were	O
proposed	O
regarding	O
SARS	B-DISO
monitoring	O
through	O
the	O
functions	O
of	O
'	B-PROC
fever	I-PROC
clinics	O
'	O
in	O
Beijing	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
and	O
B	O
viruses	B-SPEC
cause	O
serious	O
medical	O
problems	O
and	O
social	O
disruption	O
every	O
year	O
in	O
particular	O
countries	O
of	O
the	O
world	O
.	O

The	O
SARS	B-DISO
outbreak	O
has	O
illuminated	O
weaknesses	B-DISO
in	O
planning	O
for	O
sudden	O
outbreaks	O
of	O
disease	O
in	O
a	O
modern	O
society	O
and	O
in	O
particular	O
how	O
panic	O
can	O
grip	B-PROC
and	O
cause	O
intense	O
economic	O
disruption	O
.	O

Many	O
communities	O
in	O
the	O
world	O
are	O
neither	O
prepared	O
for	O
a	O
global	O
pandemic	O
nor	O
a	O
very	O
acute	O
epidemic	O
of	O
influenza	B-DISO
.	O

A	O
series	O
of	O
co	O
-	O
immunoprecipitation	O
assays	O
have	O
established	O
that	O
these	O
four	O
MHV	B-PRGE
RNA	B-FUNC
binding	I-FUNC
proteins	B-CHED
are	O
associated	O
,	O
even	O
in	O
the	O
absence	O
of	O
MHV	B-SPEC
RNA	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
it	O
may	O
lead	O
to	O
severe	O
withdrawal	B-DISO
symptoms	I-DISO
:	O
respiratory	B-DISO
distress	I-DISO
,	O
jitteriness	B-DISO
,	O
convulsions	B-DISO
,	O
hypoglycaemia	B-DISO
,	O
an	O
impaired	B-DISO
muscle	B-PROC
tone	I-PROC
and	O
necrotising	B-DISO
enterocolitis	I-DISO
.	O

Within	O
the	O
first	O
days	O
the	O
patient	O
also	O
developed	O
cerebral	B-ANAT
seizures	B-DISO
.	O

Fecal	B-ANAT
samples	O
were	O
evaluated	O
for	O
Eimeria	B-PRGE
spp	B-ENZY
,	I-PRGE
Giardia	B-DISO
spp	B-ENZY
,	O
Cryptosporidium	B-SPEC
spp	B-ENZY
,	O
enteric	O
viruses	B-SPEC
,	O
and	O
Salmonella	B-PRGE
spp	B-ENZY
.	O

The	O
virus	B-SPEC
killed	O
4	O
-	O
week	O
-	O
old	O
mice	B-SPEC
readily	O
by	O
all	O
routes	O
of	O
inoculation	O
except	O
the	O
oral	B-ANAT
,	O
and	O
8	O
-	O
week	O
-	O
old	O
mice	B-SPEC
by	O
i	O
.	O
c	O
.,	O
i	O
.	O
n	O
.	O
or	O
s	O
.	O
c	O
.	O

To	O
follow	O
the	O
spread	O
of	O
HEV	B-SPEC
from	O
peripheral	B-ANAT
nerves	I-ANAT
to	O
the	O
central	B-ANAT
nervous	I-ANAT
system	I-ANAT
(	O
CNS	B-CHED
),	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
was	O
inoculated	O
subcutaneously	O
into	O
the	O
right	O
hind	O
leg	B-ANAT
of	O
4	O
-	O
week	O
-	O
old	O
mice	O
.	O

The	O
virus	B-SPEC
was	O
first	O
detected	O
in	O
the	O
spinal	B-ANAT
cord	I-ANAT
on	O
day	O
2	O
,	O
and	O
in	O
the	O
brain	B-ANAT
on	O
day	O
3	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Interferon	B-PRGE
alfacon	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
plus	O
corticosteroids	B-CHED
in	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
:	O
a	O
preliminary	O
study	O
.	O

Of	O
the	O
13	O
patients	O
treated	O
with	O
corticosteroids	B-CHED
alone	O
,	O
5	O
(	O
38	O
.	O
5	O
%)	O
were	O
transferred	O
to	O
the	O
intensive	O
care	O
unit	O
,	O
3	O
(	O
23	O
.	O
1	O
%)	O
required	O
intubation	O
and	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
,	O
and	O
1	O
(	O
7	O
.	O
7	O
%)	O
died	B-PROC
.	O

Of	O
the	O
9	O
patients	O
in	O
the	O
interferon	B-PRGE
alfacon	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
treatment	O
group	O
,	O
3	O
(	O
33	O
.	O
3	O
%)	O
were	O
transferred	O
to	O
the	O
intensive	O
care	O
unit	O
,	O
1	O
(	O
11	O
.	O
1	O
%)	O
required	O
intubation	O
and	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
,	O
and	O
none	O
died	B-PROC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Ethical	O
and	O
legal	O
challenges	O
posed	O
by	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
:	O
implications	O
for	O
the	O
control	O
of	O
severe	O
infectious	O
disease	O
threats	O
.	O

The	O
article	O
articulates	O
a	O
set	O
of	O
legal	O
and	O
ethical	O
recommendations	O
for	O
responding	O
to	O
infectious	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
threats	O
,	O
seeking	O
to	O
reconcile	O
the	O
tension	B-DISO
between	O
the	O
public	O
'	O
s	O
health	O
and	O
individual	O
rights	O
to	O
privacy	O
,	O
liberty	O
,	O
and	O
freedom	O
of	O
movement	B-PROC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
CXC	O
chemokine	O
ligand	B-PROC
10	O
controls	O
viral	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
in	O
the	O
central	B-ANAT
nervous	I-ANAT
system	I-ANAT
:	O
evidence	O
for	O
a	O
role	O
in	O
innate	O
immune	O
response	O
through	O
recruitment	B-DISO
and	O
activation	O
of	O
natural	B-ANAT
killer	I-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
.	O

This	O
pseudoknot	O
was	O
also	O
shown	O
to	O
be	O
essential	O
for	O
replication	O
,	O
and	O
it	O
has	O
a	O
conserved	O
counterpart	O
in	O
every	O
group	O
1	O
and	O
group	O
2	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
.	O

Additionally	O
,	O
we	O
have	O
identified	O
a	O
pseudoknot	O
loop	O
insertion	B-PROC
mutation	I-PROC
that	O
appears	O
to	O
point	O
to	O
a	O
genetic	O
interaction	O
between	O
the	O
pseudoknot	O
and	O
a	O
distant	O
region	O
of	O
the	O
genome	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Sequence	O
motifs	O
involved	O
in	O
the	O
regulation	B-PROC
of	O
discontinuous	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
subgenomic	O
RNA	B-PROC
synthesis	I-PROC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Coronavirus	B-SPEC
transcription	B-PROC
leads	O
to	O
the	O
synthesis	B-PROC
of	O
a	O
nested	O
set	O
of	O
mRNAs	O
with	O
a	O
leader	O
sequence	O
derived	O
from	O
the	O
5	O
'	O
end	O
of	O
the	O
genome	O
.	O

The	O
mRNAs	O
are	O
produced	O
by	O
a	O
discontinuous	O
transcription	B-PROC
in	O
which	O
the	O
leader	O
is	O
linked	O
to	O
the	O
mRNA	B-CHED
coding	O
sequences	O
.	O

Treatment	O
with	O
oral	B-ANAT
prednisolone	B-CHED
and	O
ribavirin	B-CHED
normalized	O
her	O
lymphopenia	B-DISO
,	O
altered	O
transaminases	O
,	O
chest	B-ANAT
radiograph	O
and	O
high	O
-	O
resolution	O
computed	O
tomography	O
appearances	O
rapidly	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Novel	O
N	O
-	O
thiolated	O
beta	B-CHED
-	I-CHED
lactam	I-CHED
antibiotics	I-CHED
selectively	O
induce	O
apoptosis	B-PATH
in	O
human	B-SPEC
tumor	B-DISO
and	O
transformed	O
,	O
but	O
not	O
normal	O
or	O
nontransformed	O
,	O
cells	O
.	O

T	B-ANAT
lymphocytes	I-ANAT
play	O
an	O
important	O
role	O
in	O
MHV	B-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
costimulatory	O
signals	O
are	O
an	O
important	O
component	O
of	O
T	B-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
function	O
.	O

Thus	O
,	O
CD28	B-PRGE
,	O
the	O
costimulatory	O
T	B-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
molecule	O
,	O
is	O
not	O
required	O
for	O
MHV	B-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
and	O
MHV	B-SPEC
-	O
induced	O
demyelination	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Sensitive	O
and	O
quantitative	O
detection	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
infection	I-DISO
by	O
real	O
-	O
time	O
nested	O
polymerase	O
chain	O
reaction	O
.	O

All	O
children	O
except	O
1	O
(	O
patient	O
3	O
)	O
received	O
corticosteroids	B-CHED
.	O

The	O
current	O
evidence	O
does	O
not	O
support	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
TNF	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
alpha	I-PRGE
monoclonal	I-PRGE
antibody	I-PRGE
in	O
this	O
group	O
of	O
children	O
.	O

Similarly	O
,	O
plasma	B-PRGE
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
6	I-FUNC
and	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
8	I-FUNC
concentrations	O
were	O
significantly	O
decreased	O
7	O
to	O
10	O
days	O
after	O
the	O
drug	O
treatment	O
.	O

Additionally	O
,	O
there	O
is	O
in	O
vitro	O
evidence	O
of	O
human	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
'	O
s	O
ability	O
to	O
infect	O
neural	O
cells	B-COMP
.	O

Possible	O
agents	O
include	O
smallpox	B-DISO
,	O
haemorrhagic	B-DISO
fever	I-DISO
viruses	B-SPEC
,	O
anthrax	B-DISO
,	O
tularaemia	B-DISO
and	O
plague	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Clinical	O
analysis	O
of	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
in	O
Beijing	O
area	O
].	O

The	O
most	O
common	O
symptom	B-DISO
were	O
fever	B-PROC
(	O
100	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Antigenicity	O
and	O
receptor	O
-	O
binding	B-FUNC
ability	O
of	O
recombinant	B-PRGE
SARS	I-PRGE
coronavirus	B-SPEC
spike	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
.	O

In	O
order	B-SPEC
to	O
analyze	O
the	O
antigenicity	O
and	O
receptor	O
-	O
binding	B-FUNC
ability	O
of	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
S	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
,	O
we	O
expressed	B-PROC
the	O
S	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
in	O
Escherichia	B-SPEC
coli	I-SPEC
using	O
a	O
pET	B-PRGE
expression	B-PROC
vector	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
An	O
outbreak	O
of	O
severe	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
began	O
in	O
Canada	O
in	O
February	O
2003	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
without	O
a	O
""""	O
gold	B-CHED
standard	O
","""	O
it	O
was	O
impossible	O
to	O
determine	O
the	O
usefulness	O
of	O
these	O
tests	O
.	O

We	O
describe	O
how	O
these	O
tests	O
were	O
used	O
during	O
the	O
first	O
phase	O
of	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
outbreak	O
in	O
Toronto	O
and	O
offer	O
some	O
recommendations	O
that	O
may	O
be	O
useful	O
if	O
SARS	B-DISO
returns	O
.	O

These	O
findings	O
suggest	O
that	O
the	O
rapid	O
diagnostic	O
tests	O
in	O
use	O
at	O
the	O
time	O
of	O
the	O
initial	O
outbreak	O
lack	O
sufficient	O
sensitivity	O
to	O
be	O
used	O
clinically	O
to	O
rule	O
out	O
SARS	B-DISO
.	O

In	O
patients	O
with	O
SARS	B-DISO
,	O
specimens	O
taken	O
from	O
the	O
lower	B-ANAT
respiratory	I-ANAT
tract	I-ANAT
and	O
stool	B-ANAT
samples	O
test	O
positive	O
by	O
means	O
of	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
more	O
often	O
than	O
do	O
samples	O
taken	O
from	O
other	O
areas	O
.	O

Severe	O
necrotizing	B-DISO
pancreatitis	I-DISO
(	O
SNP	O
)	O
was	O
induced	O
by	O
retrograde	O
injection	O
of	O
3	O
%	O
taurocholate	B-CHED
into	O
the	O
common	O
biliopancreatic	O
duct	B-ANAT
.	O

It	O
also	O
suppressed	O
neutrophil	B-ANAT
infiltration	B-DISO
and	O
MPO	B-FUNC
activity	O
of	O
the	O
pancreatic	B-ANAT
tissue	B-ANAT
.	O

Items	O
with	O
significant	O
differences	O
among	O
symptoms	O
,	O
signs	O
,	O
and	O
laboratory	O
tests	O
on	O
presentation	O
between	O
SARS	B-DISO
and	O
non	O
-	O
SARS	B-DISO
groups	O
were	O
determined	O
and	O
used	O
to	O
develop	O
the	O
scoring	O
system	O
.	O

In	O
nonendemic	O
areas	O
,	O
the	O
febrile	B-PROC
patients	O
with	O
recent	O
contact	O
with	O
SARS	B-DISO
or	O
travel	O
history	O
to	O
endemic	O
areas	O
could	O
be	O
screened	O
for	O
the	O
probability	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
by	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
clinical	O
and	O
symptom	B-DISO
scores	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
An	O
emergency	B-DISO
department	O
response	O
to	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
:	O
a	O
prototype	O
response	O
to	O
bioterrorism	O
.	O

Among	O
10	O
,	O
075	O
persons	O
discharged	O
from	O
the	O
ED	O
,	O
there	O
were	O
28	O
reattending	O
patients	O
who	O
were	O
admitted	O
and	O
diagnosed	O
with	O
SARS	B-DISO
,	O
giving	O
an	O
undertriage	O
rate	O
of	O
0	O
.	O
3	O
%	O
(	O
95	O
%	O
confidence	O
interval	O
[	O
CI	O
]	O
0	O
.	O
1	O
%	O
to	O
0	O
.	O
4	O
%).	O

The	O
scoring	O
system	O
for	O
SARS	B-DISO
can	O
provide	O
a	O
rapid	O
and	O
reliable	O
clinical	O
decision	O
to	O
help	O
emergency	B-DISO
physicians	O
detect	O
cases	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
more	O
accurately	O
in	O
the	O
endemic	O
area	O
.	O

Seventy	O
-	O
nine	O
SARS	B-DISO
and	O
220	O
non	O
-	O
SARS	B-DISO
cases	O
were	O
analyzed	O
.	O

During	O
an	O
outbreak	O
period	O
,	O
recognition	O
of	O
possible	O
SARS	B-DISO
cases	O
depends	O
on	O
the	O
heightened	O
awareness	O
of	O
its	O
clinical	O
presentation	O
.	O

The	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
the	O
response	O
to	O
SARS	B-DISO
raised	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
more	O
general	O
issues	O
relevant	O
to	O
future	O
infectious	B-DISO
epidemic	O
threats	O
.	O

All	O
countries	O
will	O
need	O
to	O
be	O
vigilant	O
and	O
plan	B-DISO
their	O
response	O
to	O
the	O
possibility	O
of	O
a	O
renewed	O
SARS	O
epidemic	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Severe	O
maternal	O
respiratory	B-DISO
distress	I-DISO
due	O
to	O
the	O
amniotic	B-DISO
fluid	I-DISO
embolism	I-DISO
syndrome	B-DISO
in	O
a	O
twin	O
pregnancy	O
.	O

No	O
evidence	O
for	O
venous	B-ANAT
thromboembolism	B-DISO
,	I-DISO
pulmonary	I-DISO
infection	B-DISO
or	O
myocardial	B-DISO
infarction	I-DISO
was	O
found	O
.	O

Subsequently	O
a	O
mild	O
coagulopathy	B-DISO
and	O
foetal	B-DISO
distress	I-DISO
developed	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Detection	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
in	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
by	O
conventional	O
and	O
real	O
-	O
time	O
quantitative	O
reverse	O
transcription	O
-	O
PCR	O
assays	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
The	O
impact	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
on	O
otorhinolaryngological	O
services	O
at	O
the	O
Prince	O
of	O
Wales	O
Hospital	O
in	O
Hong	O
Kong	O
.	O

The	O
changes	O
in	O
these	O
parameters	O
were	O
determined	O
against	O
the	O
background	O
of	O
new	O
SARS	B-DISO
cases	O
.	O

The	O
temporary	O
closure	O
of	O
the	O
accident	O
and	O
emergency	B-DISO
department	O
contributed	O
to	O
the	O
decrease	O
in	O
ward	O
admissions	O
and	O
emergency	B-DISO
surgical	O
procedures	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Since	O
the	O
outbreak	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
in	O
March	O
2003	O
,	O
the	O
weekly	O
outpatient	O
clinic	O
attendance	O
has	O
declined	O
by	O
59	O
%,	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
operations	O
performed	O
by	O
79	O
%,	O
the	O
average	O
ward	O
bed	B-DISO
occupancy	O
rate	O
by	O
79	O
%	O
and	O
the	O
daily	O
admission	O
rate	O
by	O
84	O
%.	O

Nonessential	O
elective	O
surgery	O
was	O
suspended	O
soon	O
after	O
the	O
outbreak	O
,	O
accounting	O
for	O
the	O
decrease	O
in	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
surgical	O
procedures	O
performed	O
and	O
partially	O
for	O
the	O
decrease	O
in	O
ward	O
bed	B-DISO
occupancy	O
and	O
ward	O
admissions	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Several	O
studies	O
have	O
been	O
published	O
in	O
western	O
literature	O
on	O
incidence	O
,	O
prevalence	O
,	O
clinical	O
course	O
,	O
outcome	O
and	O
mortality	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
distress	O
syndrome	O
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
).	O

Although	O
she	O
has	O
been	O
free	O
of	O
chest	B-ANAT
symptoms	O
for	O
seven	O
months	O
,	O
further	O
follow	O
-	O
up	O
may	O
be	O
necessary	O
to	O
assess	O
the	O
potential	O
danger	O
of	O
relapse	B-DISO
.	O

A	O
63	O
-	O
year	O
-	O
old	O
man	B-CHED
was	O
admitted	O
to	O
our	O
hospital	O
for	O
intensive	O
care	O
of	O
severe	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
with	O
diffuse	O
infiltration	B-DISO
in	O
both	O
lungs	B-ANAT
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Managing	O
obstetrical	O
patients	O
during	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
outbreak	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Severe	B-DISO
Acute	I-DISO
Respiratory	I-DISO
Syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
is	O
a	O
newly	O
described	O
infectious	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
caused	O
by	O
a	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
.	O

The	O
ACE2	B-PRGE
sequence	I-PRGE
is	O
similar	O
(	O
sequence	O
identities	O
43	O
%	O
and	B-PRGE
35	O
%,	O
and	O
similarities	O
61	O
%	O
and	O
55	O
%,	O
respectively	O
)	O
to	O
those	O
of	O
the	O
testis	B-ANAT
-	O
specific	O
form	O
of	O
ACE	B-PRGE
(	O
tACE	B-PRGE
)	O
and	O
the	O
Drosophila	B-PRGE
homolog	I-PRGE
of	I-PRGE
ACE	B-ENZY
(	O
AnCE	B-PRGE
).	O

The	O
high	O
level	O
of	O
sequence	O
similarity	O
allowed	O
us	O
to	O
build	O
a	O
robust	O
homology	O
model	O
of	O
the	O
ACE2	B-PRGE
structure	O
with	O
a	O
root	B-ANAT
-	O
mean	O
-	O
square	O
deviation	O
from	O
the	O
aligned	O
crystal	B-ANAT
structures	O
of	O
tACE	B-PRGE
and	O
AnCE	B-PRGE
less	O
than	O
0	O
.	O
5A	O
.	O

The	O
study	O
was	O
carried	O
out	O
with	O
32	O
fecal	B-ANAT
samples	O
collected	O
just	O
before	O
inoculation	O
and	O
at	O
28	O
days	O
postinoculation	O
.	O

Both	O
the	O
naturally	O
and	O
the	O
experimentally	O
infected	O
dogs	B-SPEC
developed	O
high	O
levels	O
of	O
fecal	B-ANAT
IgAs	O
.	O

Antibody	B-COMP
titers	O
increased	O
up	O
to	O
70	O
days	O
,	O
and	O
high	O
antibody	B-COMP
titers	O
were	O
maintained	O
at	O
least	O
for	O
another	O
3	O
months	O
.	O

Eighteen	O
subjects	O
were	O
investigated	O
,	O
and	O
results	O
indicated	O
that	O
blood	B-ANAT
samples	I-ANAT
contain	O
sufficient	O
virus	B-SPEC
for	O
detection	O
by	O
using	O
quantitative	O
real	O
-	O
time	O
PCR	O
.	O

None	O
of	O
the	O
patients	O
with	O
unifocal	O
lesions	O
or	O
single	O
-	O
lung	B-ANAT
involvement	O
were	O
admitted	O
to	O
the	O
ICU	O
(	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
)	O
(	O
in	O
both	O
comparisons	O
).	O

Especially	O
the	O
high	O
rate	O
of	O
complications	O
and	O
nosocomial	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
has	O
caused	O
severe	O
public	O
health	O
problems	O
in	O
China	O
and	O
Canada	O
.	O

The	O
numbers	O
of	O
patients	O
newly	O
identified	O
with	O
new	B-DISO
variant	I-DISO
Creutzfeldt	I-DISO
-	I-DISO
Jakob	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
are	O
not	O
rising	O
,	O
but	O
rather	O
constant	O
or	O
even	O
declining	O
,	O
making	O
a	O
large	O
epidemic	O
of	O
vCJD	B-DISO
unlikely	O
.	O

Morbidity	O
indicators	O
were	O
surgery	O
other	O
than	O
curettage	B-ANAT
,	O
prolonged	O
hospitalization	O
and	O
permanent	O
damage	O
.	O

By	O
multivariate	O
analysis	O
,	O
positive	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
on	O
nasopharyngeal	B-ANAT
aspirate	I-ANAT
samples	O
was	O
an	O
independent	O
predictor	O
of	O
death	B-PROC
within	O
30	O
days	O
.	O

None	O
of	O
these	O
healthcare	O
workers	O
had	O
antibody	B-COMP
to	O
SARS	B-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
,	O
indicating	O
that	O
subclinical	O
or	O
mild	O
infection	B-DISO
attributable	O
to	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
in	O
adults	O
is	O
rare	O
.	O

Results	O
of	O
studies	O
in	O
in	O
vitro	O
and	O
in	O
vivo	O
models	O
of	O
inflammation	B-DISO
and	O
malignancy	B-DISO
have	O
also	O
suggested	O
central	O
roles	O
for	O
NF	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
kappaB	I-PRGE
in	O
programmed	B-PROC
cell	I-PROC
death	I-PROC
,	O
or	O
apoptosis	B-PATH
.	O

NF	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
kappaB	I-PRGE
plays	O
a	O
central	O
role	O
in	O
a	O
variety	O
of	O
acute	O
and	O
chronic	O
inflammatory	O
diseases	O
.	O

The	O
number	O
of	O
granulocytes	B-ANAT
was	O
increased	O
(	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
)	O
and	O
that	O
of	O
lymphocytes	B-ANAT
was	O
decreased	O
(	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
)	O
respectively	O
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
Our	O
data	O
suggested	O
that	O
lymphocytes	B-ANAT
,	O
particularly	O
T	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
,	O
were	O
probably	O
the	O
target	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
CoV	O
.	O
The	O
viruses	B-SPEC
may	O
actively	O
infected	O
the	O
immune	O
cells	B-COMP
during	O
SARS	B-DISO
CoV	O
acute	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
phase	O
and	O
the	O
destruction	O
of	O
target	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
may	O
be	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
important	O
reasons	O
for	O
the	O
death	B-PROC
of	O
the	O
circulating	O
leukocytes	B-ANAT
in	O
SARS	B-DISO
.	O

Meticulous	O
attention	O
to	O
infection	B-DISO
control	O
and	O
teamwork	O
are	O
essential	O
to	O
minimize	O
cross	O
-	O
contamination	O
and	O
prevent	O
staff	O
from	O
contracting	O
the	O
illness	O
.	O

By	O
5	O
days	O
postinfection	O
,	O
these	O
mice	B-SPEC
showed	O
significantly	O
(	O
approximately	O
20	O
-	O
fold	O
)	O
lower	O
titers	O
of	O
infectious	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
in	O
the	O
brain	B-ANAT
compared	O
to	O
control	O
mice	B-SPEC
.	O

Despite	O
its	O
spectral	O
Doppler	O
capability	O
,	O
HCU	O
missed	O
diagnoses	O
that	O
were	O
adequately	O
identified	O
by	O
TTE	O
:	O
elevated	O
left	O
ventricular	B-ANAT
pressure	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
2	O
),	O
relevant	O
valvulopathy	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
2	O
)	O
and	O
moderate	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
4	O
)	O
or	O
severe	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
2	O
)	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
hypertension	I-DISO
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
During	O
a	O
2	O
-	O
month	O
period	O
,	O
55	O
consecutive	O
patients	O
(	O
age	O
:	O
61	O
+/-	O
16	O
years	O
,	O
simplified	O
acute	O
physiology	O
score	O
46	O
+/-	O
15	O
,	O
body	B-ANAT
mass	O
index	O
26	O
+/-	O
7	O
)	O
were	O
studied	O
,	O
40	O
of	O
them	O
being	O
mechanically	O
ventilated	O
(	O
73	O
%).	O

The	O
outbreak	O
prompted	O
the	O
health	O
authorities	O
to	O
implement	O
a	O
series	O
of	O
public	O
health	O
measures	O
and	O
hospital	O
policies	O
,	O
including	O
a	O
guideline	O
for	O
the	O
diagnosis	O
and	O
management	O
of	O
patients	O
with	O
SARS	B-DISO
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Three	O
hybridomas	B-ANAT
producing	O
mAbs	O
specific	O
to	O
the	O
S1	B-PRGE
domain	I-PRGE
was	O
obtained	O
,	O
with	O
a	O
relative	O
molecular	O
mass	O
of	O
48	O
,	O
500	O
.	O

Using	O
primer	O
Premier	O
5	O
.	O
0	O
software	O
,	O
two	O
pairs	O
of	O
nested	O
PCR	O
primers	O
were	O
designed	O
to	O
amplify	O
the	O
N	B-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
.	O

Most	O
of	O
the	O
Hong	O
Kong	O
viruses	B-SPEC
(	O
139	O
/	O
142	O
),	O
including	O
those	O
from	O
a	O
large	O
outbreak	O
in	O
an	O
apartment	O
block	O
,	O
clustered	O
closely	O
together	O
with	O
the	O
isolate	O
from	O
a	O
single	O
index	O
case	O
(	O
HKU	O
-	O
33	O
)	O
who	O
came	O
from	O
Guangdong	O
to	O
Hong	O
Kong	O
in	O
late	O
February	O
.	O

The	O
World	O
Health	O
Organization	O
has	O
a	O
Global	O
Outbreak	O
Alert	O
and	O
Response	O
Network	O
,	O
which	O
was	O
involved	O
at	O
an	O
early	O
stage	O
in	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
outbreak	O
in	O
2003	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Clinical	O
feature	O
of	O
four	O
cases	O
with	O
bronchiolitis	B-DISO
obliterans	I-DISO
].	O

On	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
CT	O
/	O
high	O
-	O
resolution	O
CT	O
(	O
HRCT	O
),	O
patchy	O
opacity	B-DISO
and	O
bronchial	B-DISO
wall	I-DISO
thickening	I-DISO
were	O
seen	O
in	O
each	O
patient	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
the	O
condition	B-DISO
of	O
one	O
patient	O
was	O
not	O
improved	O
,	O
although	O
the	O
wheezing	B-DISO
disappeared	O
.	O

Crackles	B-DISO
and	O
wheezing	B-DISO
were	O
the	O
most	O
common	O
signs	O
in	O
the	O
BO	O
.	O

Cdyn	O
and	O
Raw	B-PRGE
were	O
only	O
improved	O
for	O
short	O
time	O
in	O
the	O
Surf	O
,	O
NO	O
and	O
SNO	B-FUNC
groups	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Subacute	O
motor	B-DISO
neuropathy	I-DISO
induced	O
by	O
T3	O
hyperthyroidism	B-DISO
].	O

Electromyography	O
confirmed	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
axonal	B-DISO
neuropathy	I-DISO
,	O
with	O
predominant	O
motor	O
involvement	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
spike	O
(	O
S	O
)	O
protein	B-CHED
,	O
a	O
main	O
surface	O
antigen	B-CHED
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
),	O
is	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
most	O
important	O
antigen	B-CHED
candidates	O
for	O
vaccine	O
design	O
.	O

MHV	B-SPEC
,	O
a	O
member	O
of	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
group	I-SPEC
2	I-SPEC
,	O
is	O
a	O
natural	O
pathogen	O
of	O
the	O
mouse	B-SPEC
;	O
MHV	B-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
of	O
the	O
mouse	B-SPEC
is	O
considered	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
best	O
models	O
for	O
the	O
study	O
of	O
demyelinating	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
,	O
such	O
as	O
multiple	B-DISO
sclerosis	I-DISO
,	O
in	O
humans	B-SPEC
.	O

Future	O
research	O
on	O
SARS	B-DISO
needs	O
to	O
be	O
based	O
on	O
all	O
the	O
knowledge	O
that	O
coronavirologists	O
have	O
generated	O
over	O
more	O
than	O
30	O
years	O
of	O
research	O
.	O

No	O
statistical	O
differences	O
were	O
found	O
in	O
modes	O
of	O
oxygen	B-CHED
therapy	O
and	O
sorts	B-PROC
of	O
antibiotics	B-CHED
prescribed	O
among	O
the	O
various	O
transmission	O
generations	O
(	O
P	O
>	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
);	O
however	O
,	O
as	O
with	O
the	O
advanced	O
transmission	O
generations	O
,	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
cases	O
prescribed	O
with	O
methylprednisolone	B-CHED
,	O
human	B-SPEC
gamma	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
globulin	I-PRGE
,	O
interferon	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
alpha	I-PRGE
,	O
antiviral	B-CHED
drugs	I-CHED
(	O
oral	B-ANAT
ribavirin	B-CHED
or	O
oseltamivir	B-CHED
)	O
increased	O
(	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
)	O
and	O
time	O
from	O
admission	O
to	O
starting	O
these	O
medication	O
shortened	O
(	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
).	O

Full	O
or	O
partial	O
genomes	O
of	O
44	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
strains	O
were	O
collected	O
from	O
GenBank	O
.	O

There	O
were	O
188	O
point	B-PROC
mutations	I-PROC
in	O
the	O
33	O
virus	B-SPEC
full	O
genomes	O
with	O
the	O
counts	O
of	O
mutation	O
mounting	O
to	O
297	O
.	O

There	O
were	O
4	O
mutation	O
loci	O
in	O
S1	B-PRGE
domain	I-PRGE
of	I-PRGE
spike	I-PRGE
glycoprotein	I-PRGE
.	O

By	O
bioinformatics	O
processing	O
and	O
analysis	O
,	O
the	O
nucleotides	B-CHED
at	O
7	O
loci	O
of	O
genome	O
(	O
T	O
:	O
T	O
:	O
A	O
:	O
G	O
:	O
T	O
:	O
C	O
:	O
T	O
/	O
C	O
:	O
G	O
:	O
G	O
:	O
A	O
:	O
C	O
:	O
T	O
:	O
C	O
)	O
can	O
classify	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
into	O
two	O
types	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
There	O
were	O
188	O
point	B-PROC
mutations	I-PROC
in	O
the	O
33	O
virus	B-SPEC
full	O
genomes	O
with	O
the	O
counts	O
of	O
mutation	O
mounting	O
to	O
297	O
.	O

Compared	O
to	O
various	O
strains	O
among	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
Yexin	O
genotype	O
and	O
Xiaohong	O
genotype	O
,	O
GD01	O
strain	O
of	O
Yexin	O
genotype	O
is	O
more	O
closely	O
related	O
to	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
like	O
-	O
virus	B-SPEC
from	O
animals	B-SPEC
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
The	O
results	O
mentioned	O
above	O
suggest	O
that	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
is	O
responding	O
to	O
host	B-COMP
immunological	O
pressures	O
and	O
experiencing	O
variation	O
which	O
provide	O
clues	O
,	O
information	O
and	O
evidence	O
of	O
molecular	O
biology	O
for	O
the	O
clinical	O
pathology	B-DISO
,	O
vaccine	O
developing	O
and	O
epidemic	O
investigation	O
.	O

Nested	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
was	O
also	O
developed	O
to	O
detect	O
SARS	B-PRGE
coronavirus	B-SPEC
gene	I-PRGE
fragment	I-PRGE
from	O
the	O
specimens	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Clinical	O
and	O
chest	B-ANAT
X	O
-	O
ray	B-SPEC
characteristics	O
of	O
5	O
cases	O
with	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
in	O
children	O
in	O
Shenzhen	O
area	O
].	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
explore	O
clinical	O
and	O
chest	O
X	O
-	O
ray	B-SPEC
features	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
in	O
children	O
to	O
facilitate	O
correct	O
diagnosis	O
.	O

All	O
the	O
5	O
cases	O
developed	O
nonproductive	B-DISO
cough	I-DISO
;	O
on	O
auscultation	O
,	O
both	O
moist	O
and	O
dry	O
rales	B-DISO
could	O
be	O
heard	O
in	O
3	O
out	O
of	O
the	O
5	O
cases	O
.	O

Mean	O
total	O
white	O
count	O
of	O
peripheral	B-ANAT
blood	I-ANAT
was	O
(	O
2	O
.	O
96	O
-	O
6	O
.	O
9	O
)	O
x	O
10	O
(	O
9	O
)/	O
L	O
,	O
and	O
was	O
<	O
5	O
.	O
0	O
x	O
10	O
(	O
9	O
)/	O
L	O
in	O
4	O
cases	O
.	O

Our	O
series	O
documents	O
the	O
difficulties	O
encountered	O
at	O
autopsy	O
during	O
the	O
initial	O
phases	O
of	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
epidemic	O
,	O
when	O
the	O
pattern	O
of	O
infection	B-DISO
and	O
definitive	O
diagnostic	O
laboratory	O
criteria	O
were	O
yet	O
to	O
be	O
established	O
.	O

Autopsy	O
tissue	B-ANAT
was	O
submitted	O
to	O
the	O
Virology	O
Department	O
,	O
Singapore	O
General	O
Hospital	O
,	O
for	O
analysis	O
,	O
and	O
in	O
situ	O
hybridization	B-PROC
for	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
was	O
carried	O
out	O
at	O
the	O
National	O
Institute	O
of	O
Infectious	B-DISO
Diseases	I-DISO
,	O
Tokyo	O
,	O
Japan	O
.	O

Four	O
radiographic	O
patterns	O
were	O
seen	O
:	O
normal	O
(	O
group	O
1	O
)	O
in	O
19	O
.	O
6	O
%	O
(	O
10	O
/	O
51	O
),	O
focal	O
opacity	B-DISO
(	O
group	O
2	O
)	O
in	O
39	O
.	O
2	O
%	O
(	O
20	O
/	O
51	O
),	O
multifocal	O
opacities	B-DISO
(	O
group	O
3	O
)	O
in	O
27	O
.	O
5	O
%	O
(	O
14	O
/	O
51	O
),	O
and	O
diffuse	O
air	B-CHED
-	O
space	O
opacification	O
(	O
group	O
4	O
)	O
in	O
13	O
.	O
7	O
%	O
(	O
7	O
/	O
51	O
).	O

Patients	O
with	O
SARS	B-DISO
present	O
with	O
recognizable	O
patterns	O
of	O
disease	O
that	O
have	O
prognostic	O
significance	O
.	O

Death	B-PROC
occurred	O
at	O
a	O
mean	O
interval	O
of	O
18	O
.	O
2	O
days	O
(	O
range	O
,	O
9	O
-	O
36	O
days	O
)	O
from	O
the	O
initial	O
exposure	O
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
Patients	O
presenting	O
with	O
normal	O
findings	O
or	O
focal	O
air	B-CHED
-	O
space	O
opacity	B-DISO
on	O
chest	B-ANAT
radiographs	O
had	O
a	O
good	O
clinical	O
outcome	O
.	O

Wet	O
markets	O
sell	O
live	O
poultry	O
,	O
fish	B-SPEC
,	O
reptiles	B-SPEC
,	O
and	O
mammals	B-SPEC
of	O
every	O
kind	O
.	O

Live	O
-	O
poultry	O
markets	O
(	O
mostly	O
chicken	B-SPEC
,	O
pigeon	B-SPEC
,	O
quail	O
,	O
ducks	B-SPEC
,	O
geese	B-SPEC
,	O
and	O
a	O
wide	O
range	O
of	O
exotic	O
wild	O
-	O
caught	O
and	O
farm	O
-	O
raised	O
fowl	O
)	O
are	O
usually	O
separated	O
from	O
markets	O
selling	O
fish	B-SPEC
or	O
red	O
-	O
meat	O
animals	B-SPEC
,	O
but	O
the	O
stalls	O
can	O
be	O
near	O
each	O
other	O
with	O
no	O
physical	O
separation	B-DISO
.	O

By	O
chromatography	O
on	O
nickel	B-CHED
-	O
agarose	B-CHED
column	B-ANAT
,	O
the	O
expressed	B-PROC
N	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
was	O
purified	O
to	O
near	O
homogeneity	O
as	O
judged	O
by	O
sodium	B-CHED
dodecyl	I-CHED
sulfate	I-CHED
-	O
polyacrylamide	B-CHED
gel	O
electrophoresis	O
analysis	O
.	O

These	O
results	O
indicated	O
that	O
the	O
expressed	B-PROC
N	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
is	O
a	O
superior	O
source	O
of	O
TCoV	B-PRGE
antigen	I-PRGE
for	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
antibody	B-COMP
-	O
capture	O
ELISA	O
for	O
detection	O
of	O
antibodies	B-COMP
to	O
TCoV	O
.	O

All	O
were	O
treated	O
with	O
corticosteroids	B-CHED
,	O
ribavirin	B-CHED
,	O
broad	O
spectrum	O
antimicrobials	B-CHED
and	O
supportive	O
therapy	O
.	O

All	O
patients	O
were	O
admitted	O
for	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
.	O

We	O
also	O
examined	O
respondents	O
'	O
perceived	O
effects	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
on	O
work	O
and	O
organisations	O
and	O
their	O
attitudes	O
toward	O
issues	O
of	O
privacy	O
and	O
disclosure	O
of	O
medical	O
information	O
.	O

Findings	O
also	O
suggest	O
that	O
having	O
a	O
SARS	B-DISO
or	O
probable	O
SARS	B-DISO
case	O
in	O
the	O
company	O
would	O
disrupt	O
the	O
flow	O
of	O
work	O
and	O
affect	O
employees	O
'	O
morale	O
.	O

Based	O
on	O
seroconversion	O
to	O
BRSV	B-SPEC
and	O
clinical	O
picture	O
,	O
67	O
pairs	O
of	O
sera	B-COMP
were	O
selected	O
from	O
calves	O
with	O
a	O
BRSV	B-SPEC
-	O
associated	O
PRDS	B-DISO
for	O
circulating	O
MC	B-PRGE
tryptase	I-PRGE
determination	O
.	O

The	O
absence	O
of	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
gamma	I-PRGE
abrogated	O
demyelination	B-DISO
but	O
did	O
not	O
change	O
T	B-ANAT
-	I-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
infiltration	B-DISO
or	O
expression	B-PROC
levels	O
of	O
inflammatory	O
cytokines	O
or	O
chemokines	O
in	O
the	O
spinal	B-ANAT
cord	I-ANAT
.	O

In	O
Hong	O
Kong	O
,	O
People	O
'	O
s	O
Republic	O
of	O
China	O
,	O
1	O
,	O
755	O
SARS	B-DISO
cases	O
and	O
299	O
deaths	B-PROC
had	O
occurred	O
as	O
of	O
September	O
22	O
,	O
2003	O
.	O

The	O
data	O
series	O
includes	O
details	O
regarding	O
sex	O
,	O
age	O
,	O
and	O
chronic	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
history	O
.	O

Symptoms	B-DISO
and	I-DISO
signs	I-DISO
of	O
the	O
children	O
were	O
much	O
less	O
severe	O
and	O
aggressive	B-DISO
than	O
adults	O
cases	O
.	O

Part	O
of	O
the	O
patients	O
had	O
temporary	O
abnormality	O
of	O
myocardial	O
enzyme	O
and	O
liver	B-PROC
function	I-PROC
.	O

The	O
patients	O
were	O
treated	O
with	O
antiviral	B-CHED
agents	I-CHED
and	O
corticosteroid	B-CHED
.	O

No	O
child	O
needed	O
assisted	O
ventilation	O
and	O
no	O
death	B-PROC
,	O
nor	O
lung	B-DISO
fibrosis	I-DISO
occurred	O
.	O

The	O
same	O
virus	B-SPEC
was	O
detected	O
subsequently	O
in	O
86	O
humans	B-SPEC
who	O
handled	O
affected	O
poultry	O
and	O
in	O
three	O
of	O
their	O
family	B-SPEC
members	O
.	O

The	O
commencement	O
of	O
hemodiafiltration	O
itself	O
has	O
not	O
been	O
shown	O
to	O
significantly	O
influence	O
the	O
requirement	O
for	O
propofol	B-CHED
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
The	O
administration	O
of	O
morphine	B-CHED
was	O
fundamental	O
to	O
achieving	O
an	O
optimal	O
level	O
of	O
sedation	B-DISO
.	O

Untreated	O
SCID	B-DISO
mice	B-SPEC
exhibited	O
uncontrolled	O
virus	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
in	O
all	O
CNS	B-CHED
cell	B-COMP
types	O
but	O
had	O
little	O
or	O
no	O
demyelination	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
main	O
clinical	O
manifestations	O
were	O
high	O
fever	B-PROC
and	O
cough	B-DISO
while	O
no	O
severe	O
toxic	O
symptoms	O
,	O
nor	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
was	O
seen	O
;	O
few	O
symptoms	O
or	O
signs	O
suggesting	O
involvement	O
of	O
systems	O
other	O
than	O
respiratory	B-ANAT
system	I-ANAT
were	O
seen	O
.	O

Ground	O
-	O
glass	O
opacification	O
and	O
interstitial	B-ANAT
thickening	O
were	O
present	O
at	O
CT	O
in	O
all	O
eight	O
patients	O
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
The	O
CT	O
features	O
of	O
late	O
-	O
stage	O
ARDS	B-DISO
caused	O
by	O
SARS	B-DISO
are	O
similar	O
to	O
those	O
seen	O
in	O
late	O
-	O
stage	O
ARDS	B-DISO
of	O
other	O
causes	O
,	O
with	O
no	O
apparent	O
differences	O
between	O
patients	O
who	O
do	O
and	O
patients	O
who	O
do	O
not	O
receive	O
prolonged	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
.	O

The	O
pathophysiology	O
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
includes	O
abnormalities	O
of	O
surfactant	B-CHED
function	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
inflammation	I-DISO
.	O

We	O
attempted	O
to	O
combine	O
surfactant	B-CHED
lavage	O
'	O
s	O
ability	O
to	O
reverse	O
the	O
surfactant	B-CHED
dysfunction	O
,	O
while	O
acting	O
as	O
a	O
vehicle	O
to	O
deliver	O
Lidocaine	B-CHED
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
angiotensin	O
-	O
converting	O
enzyme	O
(	O
ACE	B-ENZY
)-	O
related	O
carboxypeptidase	O
,	O
ACE2	B-PRGE
,	O
is	O
a	O
type	B-PRGE
I	I-PRGE
integral	I-PRGE
membrane	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
of	O
805	O
amino	B-CHED
acids	I-CHED
that	O
contains	O
one	O
HEXXH	B-PRGE
+	I-PRGE
E	I-PRGE
zinc	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
binding	B-FUNC
consensus	I-PRGE
sequence	I-PRGE
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
A	O
novel	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
-	O
associated	O
communicable	O
respiratory	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
,	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
),	O
spread	O
worldwide	O
after	O
an	O
outbreak	O
in	O
Guangdong	O
Province	O
of	O
the	O
People	O
'	O
s	O
Republic	O
of	O
China	O
in	O
November	O
2002	O
.	O

There	O
are	O
two	O
main	O
moments	O
marking	O
the	O
reemergence	O
and	O
evolution	B-PROC
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
:	O
firstly	O
,	O
the	O
onset	O
of	O
the	O
epidemic	O
in	O
China	O
in	O
November	O
2002	O
followed	O
by	O
the	O
worldwide	O
spread	O
of	O
the	O
epidemiological	O
process	O
,	O
and	O
secondly	O
the	O
discovery	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
as	O
a	O
mutant	B-DISO
of	O
coronaviruses	O
in	O
March	O
-	O
April	O
2003	O
in	O
USA	O
,	O
Canada	O
,	O
and	O
Hong	O
Kong	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Severe	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
is	O
an	O
emerging	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
with	O
high	O
morbidity	O
and	O
mortality	O
and	O
potential	O
for	O
global	O
spread	O
.	O

As	O
immunization	O
against	O
S	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
pneumoniae	I-SPEC
becomes	O
more	O
widely	O
used	O
,	O
the	O
complications	O
of	O
bacterial	O
lower	O
respiratory	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
will	O
diminish	O
markedly	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Smallpox	B-DISO
was	O
declared	O
to	O
be	O
eradicated	O
on	O
8	O
May	O
1980	O
,	O
during	O
the	O
Thirty	O
-	O
third	O
World	O
Health	O
Assembly	O
.	O

Risk	O
categorization	O
ensured	O
that	O
no	O
cross	O
-	O
infection	B-DISO
occurred	O
among	O
patients	O
and	O
that	O
no	O
one	O
contracted	O
SARS	B-DISO
in	O
the	O
ED	O
.	O

At	O
first	O
,	O
Western	O
blotting	O
with	O
the	O
convalescent	O
sera	B-COMP
from	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
demonstrated	O
that	O
there	O
were	O
various	O
structural	O
proteins	B-CHED
of	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
in	O
the	O
cultured	O
supernatant	O
of	O
virus	B-SPEC
infected	O
-	O
Vero	O
E6	O
cells	B-COMP
and	O
that	O
nucleocaspid	O
(	O
N	O
)	O
protein	B-CHED
had	O
a	O
prominent	O
immunogenicity	O
to	O
the	O
convalescent	O
sera	B-COMP
from	O
the	O
patients	O
with	O
SARS	B-DISO
,	O
while	O
the	O
immune	B-PROC
response	I-PROC
of	O
spike	O
(	O
S	O
)	O
protein	B-CHED
probably	O
binding	O
with	O
membrane	B-COMP
(	O
M	O
)	O
glycoprotein	B-CHED
was	O
much	O
weaker	O
.	O

Three	O
structural	O
proteins	B-CHED
named	O
S	O
,	O
N	O
and	O
M	O
proteins	B-CHED
of	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
were	O
uncovered	O
with	O
the	O
sequence	O
coverage	O
of	O
38	O
.	O
9	O
,	O
93	O
.	O
1	O
and	O
28	O
.	O
1	O
%	O
respectively	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Theiler	O
'	O
s	O
murine	B-DISO
encephalomyelitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
TMEV	O
)	O
causes	O
demyelination	B-DISO
with	O
inflammation	B-DISO
of	I-DISO
the	I-DISO
central	I-DISO
nervous	I-DISO
system	I-DISO
(	O
CNS	B-CHED
)	O
in	O
mice	B-SPEC
and	O
is	O
used	O
as	O
an	O
animal	B-SPEC
model	O
for	O
multiple	B-DISO
sclerosis	I-DISO
(	O
MS	O
).	O

This	O
likely	O
reflects	O
a	O
difference	O
in	O
the	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
of	O
TMEV	O
infection	B-DISO
from	O
that	O
of	O
two	O
other	O
animal	B-SPEC
models	O
for	O
MS	O
,	O
mouse	B-DISO
hepatitis	I-DISO
virus	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
and	O
experimental	O
allergic	O
encephalomyelitis	B-DISO
(	O
EAE	O
),	O
where	O
blocking	B-DISO
of	O
IP	O
-	O
10	O
resulted	O
in	O
clinical	O
and	O
histological	O
improvement	O
with	O
suppression	B-DISO
of	O
antigen	B-CHED
specific	O
lymphoproliferation	O
.	O

In	O
this	O
review	O
,	O
we	O
compare	O
and	O
contrast	O
the	O
roles	O
of	O
IP	O
-	O
10	O
between	O
the	O
three	O
animal	B-SPEC
models	O
for	O
MS	O
,	O
and	O
discuss	O
the	O
relevance	O
to	O
MS	O
patients	O
with	O
different	O
clinical	O
courses	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Seven	O
cases	O
of	O
autopsy	O
from	O
SARS	O
patients	O
are	O
studied	O
to	O
investigate	O
the	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
and	O
the	O
pathologic	O
changes	O
of	O
the	O
major	O
organs	B-ANAT
.	O

In	O
addition	O
,	O
liver	B-ANAT
shows	O
massive	B-DISO
necrosis	I-DISO
(	O
1	O
case	O
)	O
and	O
nodular	O
cirrhosis	B-DISO
(	O
1	O
case	O
).	O

Secondary	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
is	O
a	O
common	O
complication	B-DISO
,	O
which	O
should	O
be	O
paid	O
close	O
attention	O
in	O
the	O
management	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
.	O

Fungal	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
is	O
noted	O
in	O
2	O
cases	O
.	O

All	O
SARS	B-DISO
cases	O
had	O
been	O
reported	O
to	O
the	O
relative	O
authorities	O
.	O

The	O
remaining	O
39	O
%	O
quarantinees	O
who	O
did	O
not	O
have	O
a	O
direct	O
contact	O
history	O
with	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
had	O
not	O
developed	O
SARS	B-DISO
during	O
the	O
period	O
under	O
quarantine	O
.	O

Data	O
from	O
daily	O
hematological	O
,	O
biochemical	O
,	O
radiological	O
,	O
and	O
microbiological	O
investigations	O
were	O
prospectively	O
collected	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
correlation	O
of	O
these	O
findings	O
with	O
diarrhea	B-DISO
was	O
retrospectively	O
analyzed	O
.	O

Sixty	O
-	O
nine	O
patients	O
(	O
48	O
.	O
6	O
%)	O
developed	O
diarrhea	B-DISO
at	O
a	O
mean	O
(+/-	O

The	O
diarrhea	B-DISO
was	O
most	O
severe	O
at	O
a	O
mean	O
(+/-	O
SD	O
)	O
of	O
8	O
.	O
8	O
+/-	O
2	O
.	O
4	O
days	O
after	O
onset	O
,	O
with	O
a	O
maximum	O
frequency	O
of	O
24	O
episodes	O
per	O
day	O
(	O
median	O
,	O
5	O
episodes	O
;	O
range	O
,	O
3	O
-	O
24	O
episodes	O
).	O

The	O
patient	O
reported	O
no	O
respiratory	O
complaints	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
findings	O
of	O
serial	O
chest	B-ANAT
radiographs	O
were	O
normal	O
.	O

It	O
is	O
also	O
of	O
the	O
utmost	O
importance	O
that	O
the	O
global	O
scientific	O
community	O
enhance	O
mechanisms	O
for	O
international	O
cooperation	O
and	O
planning	O
for	O
SARS	O
research	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
for	O
other	O
emerging	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
threats	O
that	O
are	O
certain	O
to	O
arise	O
in	O
the	O
future	O
.	O

Although	O
the	O
clinical	O
features	O
of	O
acute	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
have	O
been	O
well	O
described	O
,	O
mildly	O
symptomatic	O
or	O
asymptomatic	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
have	O
not	O
been	O
well	O
characterized	O
.	O

There	O
was	O
a	O
trend	O
towards	O
protection	O
for	O
HCWs	O
who	O
,	O
while	O
fully	O
protected	O
,	O
had	O
had	O
contact	O
with	O
patients	O
with	O
SARS	B-DISO
.	O

Although	O
the	O
majority	O
of	O
cases	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
are	O
associated	O
with	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
,	O
a	O
small	O
number	O
of	O
mildly	O
symptomatic	O
individuals	O
do	O
seroconvert	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
A	O
total	O
of	O
21	O
patients	O
with	O
SARS	B-DISO
were	O
treated	O
at	O
our	O
hospital	O
.	O

Real	O
-	O
time	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
provides	O
a	O
tool	O
for	O
large	O
-	O
scale	O
epidemiological	O
studies	O
to	O
further	O
clarify	O
the	O
role	O
that	O
coronavirus	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
plays	O
in	O
RTI	B-DISO
in	O
humans	B-SPEC
.	O

Percutaneous	O
liver	B-ANAT
biopsies	O
were	O
performed	O
.	O

Other	O
common	O
pathologic	O
features	O
included	O
ballooning	O
of	O
hepatocytes	B-ANAT
and	O
mild	O
to	O
moderate	O
lobular	O
lymphocytic	O
infiltration	O
.	O

The	O
prominence	O
of	O
mitotic	O
activity	O
of	O
hepatocytes	B-ANAT
is	O
unique	O
and	O
may	O
be	O
due	O
to	O
a	O
hyperproliferative	O
state	O
with	O
or	O
without	O
disruption	O
of	O
cell	B-PATH
cycle	I-PATH
by	O
the	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
We	O
describe	O
a	O
three	O
-	O
color	O
flow	O
cytometry	O
assay	O
for	O
the	O
detection	O
of	O
virus	O
-	O
specific	O
CD4	B-PRGE
+	I-PRGE
and	O
CD8	B-PRGE
+	I-PRGE
T	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
in	O
the	O
cat	B-SPEC
.	O

Moreover	O
,	O
feline	B-SPEC
calicivirus	I-SPEC
(	O
FCV	B-CHED
)-	O
specific	O
CD4	B-PRGE
+	I-PRGE
T	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
were	O
detected	O
in	O
the	O
spleens	B-ANAT
of	O
FCV	B-CHED
-	O
vaccinated	O
cats	B-SPEC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
investigate	O
the	O
usefulness	O
of	O
ascites	O
as	O
a	O
material	O
for	O
viral	O
tests	O
in	O
cats	B-SPEC
with	O
effusive	B-DISO
feline	I-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
peritonitis	I-DISO
(	O
FIP	B-DISO
),	O
we	O
attempted	O
to	O
detect	O
anti	O
-	O
feline	B-SPEC
coronavirus	B-SPEC
antibody	B-COMP
,	O
anti	O
-	O
feline	B-SPEC
immunodeficiency	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
antibody	B-COMP
,	O
and	O
feline	B-SPEC
leukemia	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
antigen	B-CHED
in	O
ascites	O
from	O
88	O
cats	B-SPEC
clinically	O
suspected	O
with	O
effusive	O
FIP	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
fold	O
superficially	O
resembles	O
an	O
OB	O
-	O
fold	O
with	O
a	O
C	O
-	O
terminal	O
extension	O
and	O
is	O
related	O
to	O
both	O
of	O
the	O
two	O
subdomains	O
of	O
the	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
3C	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
like	I-PRGE
protease	I-PRGE
(	O
which	O
belongs	O
to	O
the	O
serine	B-PRGE
protease	I-PRGE
superfamily	B-SPEC
).	O

We	O
show	O
that	O
nsp9	O
binds	B-FUNC
RNA	O
and	O
interacts	O
with	O
nsp8	O
,	O
activities	O
that	O
may	O
be	O
essential	O
for	O
its	O
function	O
(	O
s	O
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
How	O
did	O
general	O
practitioners	O
protect	O
themselves	O
,	O
their	O
family	B-SPEC
,	O
and	O
staff	O
during	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
epidemic	O
in	O
Hong	O
Kong	O
?	O

All	O
agreed	O
SARS	B-DISO
had	O
changed	O
their	O
clinical	O
practices	O
.	O

The	O
study	O
estimates	O
the	O
initial	O
attack	O
size	O
that	O
would	O
result	O
in	O
failed	O
invasion	B-DISO
.	O

It	O
is	O
shown	O
that	O
there	O
exist	O
threshold	O
levels	O
of	O
interventions	O
at	O
which	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
epidemic	O
settles	B-DISO
down	O
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
Initial	O
attack	O
size	O
is	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
determinants	O
of	O
whether	O
SARS	B-DISO
can	O
successfully	O
invade	O
the	O
community	O
or	O
not	O
.	O

The	O
joining	O
of	O
this	O
leader	O
sequence	O
to	O
different	O
segments	O
(	O
mRNA	B-CHED
bodies	O
)	O
from	O
the	O
genomic	O
3	O
'-	O
proximal	O
region	O
presumably	O
involves	O
a	O
unique	O
mechanism	O
of	O
discontinuous	O
minus	O
-	O
strand	O
RNA	B-PROC
synthesis	I-PROC
.	O

Besides	O
evidence	O
for	O
a	O
direct	O
role	O
of	O
the	O
LTH	O
in	O
subgenomic	O
RNA	B-PROC
synthesis	I-PROC
,	O
indications	O
for	O
a	O
role	O
of	O
the	O
LTH	O
region	O
in	O
genome	O
replication	O
and	O
/	O
or	O
translation	B-PROC
were	O
obtained	O
.	O

The	O
sera	B-COMP
from	O
health	O
donors	O
,	O
which	O
were	O
collected	O
before	O
the	O
out	O
-	O
break	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
,	O
were	O
used	O
as	O
negative	O
control	O
in	O
the	O
study	O
.	O

The	O
molecular	O
weight	O
of	O
recombinant	B-PRGE
fusion	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
is	O
about	O
64	O
000	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Sequencing	O
analysis	O
confirmed	O
that	O
the	O
desired	O
DNA	O
sequence	O
in	O
recombinant	O
plasmid	O
was	O
correct	O
and	O
had	O
the	O
same	O
sequence	O
of	O
natural	O
N	O
-	O
terminal	O
of	O
SARS	B-PRGE
virus	B-SPEC
S1	I-PRGE
subunit	I-PRGE
.	O

The	O
recombinant	B-PRGE
S1	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
could	O
react	O
with	O
three	O
antibody	B-COMP
positive	O
samples	O
from	O
recovered	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
,	O
which	O
showed	O
specific	O
bands	O
at	O
64	O
000	O
,	O
but	O
not	O
with	O
the	O
control	O
samples	O
according	O
to	O
results	O
of	O
western	O
blot	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Mouse	B-SPEC
hepatitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
neurovirulence	O
:	O
evidence	O
of	O
a	O
linkage	B-PROC
between	O
S	B-PRGE
glycoprotein	I-PRGE
expression	B-PROC
and	O
immunopathology	B-DISO
.	O

Previously	O
,	O
we	O
found	O
that	O
MHV	B-SPEC
-	O
JHM	O
neurovirulence	O
was	O
marked	O
by	O
diminished	O
expression	B-PROC
of	O
interferon	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
gamma	I-FUNC
(	O
IFN	O
-	O
gamma	O
)	O
mRNA	B-CHED
and	O
a	O
reduced	O
presence	O
of	O
CD8	B-PRGE
T	I-PRGE
cells	O
in	O
the	O
CNS	B-CHED
concomitant	O
with	O
heightened	O
macrophage	B-ANAT
inflammatory	O
protein	B-CHED
(	O
MIP	B-DISO
)-	O
1	O
transcript	O
levels	O
and	O
greater	O
macrophage	B-ANAT
infiltration	B-DISO
relative	O
to	O
MHV	B-SPEC
-	O
A59	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Differential	O
regulation	B-PROC
of	O
innate	O
and	O
adaptive	B-PROC
immune	I-PROC
responses	I-PROC
in	O
viral	B-DISO
encephalitis	I-DISO
.	O

In	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
we	O
sought	O
to	O
understand	O
the	O
immunological	O
basis	O
for	O
the	O
fatal	O
encephalitis	B-DISO
following	O
infection	B-DISO
with	O
the	O
murine	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
,	O
mouse	B-DISO
hepatitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
MHV	B-SPEC
)-	O
JHM	O
,	O
in	O
contrast	O
with	O
the	O
more	O
attenuated	O
MHV	B-SPEC
-	O
A59	O
.	O

Furthermore	O
,	O
high	O
levels	O
of	O
macrophage	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
inflammatory	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
(	I-PRGE
MIP	B-DISO
)-	I-PRGE
1alpha	I-PRGE
,	O
MIP	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
1beta	I-PRGE
,	O
and	O
MIP	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
mRNA	B-CHED
were	O
observed	O
at	O
the	O
onset	O
of	O
MHV	B-SPEC
-	O
JHM	O
infection	B-DISO
and	O
correlated	O
with	O
a	O
marked	O
elevation	O
in	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
macrophages	B-ANAT
in	O
the	O
brain	B-ANAT
on	O
day	O
7	O
compared	O
to	O
MHV	B-SPEC
-	O
A59	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Infection	B-DISO
control	O
for	O
the	O
otolaryngologist	O
in	O
the	O
era	B-CHED
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Severe	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
has	O
affected	O
more	O
than	O
8400	O
persons	O
in	O
28	O
countries	O
,	O
with	O
more	O
than	O
800	O
deaths	B-PROC
.	O

The	O
mode	O
of	O
action	O
of	O
chloroquine	B-CHED
in	O
prevention	O
of	O
malaria	B-PATH
is	O
not	O
known	O
,	O
but	O
it	O
may	O
be	O
to	O
minimize	O
replication	O
of	O
the	O
parasite	O
in	O
the	O
liver	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
,	O
which	O
occurs	O
before	O
invasion	B-DISO
of	O
the	O
erythrocytes	B-ANAT
,	O
by	O
facilitating	O
premature	O
apoptosis	B-PATH
of	O
the	O
infected	O
host	B-COMP
cells	B-COMP
.	O

In	O
the	O
case	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
,	O
the	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
appears	O
to	O
have	O
accessed	O
a	O
new	O
niche	O
where	O
it	O
proves	O
to	O
be	O
lethal	O
to	O
its	O
host	B-COMP
.	O

In	O
the	O
case	O
of	O
AIDS	O
,	O
the	O
HIV	B-DISO
(	O
which	O
has	O
had	O
a	O
long	O
-	O
term	O
symbiotic	O
relationship	O
with	O
primates	B-SPEC
)	O
has	O
run	O
amuck	B-DISO
because	O
the	O
infected	O
cells	B-COMP
are	O
now	O
substantially	O
more	O
tolerant	O
to	O
the	O
toxins	B-CHED
(	O
i	O
.	O
e	O
.,	O
resistant	O
to	O
apoptosis	B-PATH
)	O
that	O
they	O
secrete	B-PROC
than	O
the	O
uninfected	O
bystander	O
cells	B-COMP
,	O
which	O
are	O
not	O
unusually	O
resistant	O
to	O
apoptosis	B-PATH
.	O

All	O
cases	O
of	O
malaria	B-PATH
admitted	O
to	O
the	O
intensive	O
care	O
unit	O
of	O
the	O
Sarawak	O
General	O
Hospital	O
from	O
January	O
1996	O
to	O
December	O
2001	O
were	O
identified	O
from	O
the	O
intensive	O
care	O
records	O
and	O
retrospectively	O
reviewed	O
.	O

The	O
fatal	O
cases	O
,	O
at	O
presentation	O
,	O
had	O
higher	O
parasite	O
counts	O
,	O
higher	O
bilirubin	B-CHED
,	O
aminotransferase	O
,	O
potassium	B-CHED
and	O
urea	B-CHED
levels	O
,	O
but	O
lower	O
haemoglobin	B-CHED
and	O
platelet	B-ANAT
counts	O
,	O
and	O
more	O
deranged	O
coagulation	B-PROC
profiles	O
compared	O
to	O
surviving	O
patients	O
.	O

Several	O
infections	B-DISO
of	O
P	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
falciparum	I-SPEC
are	O
still	O
associated	O
with	O
significant	O
mortality	O
.	O

The	O
isolated	O
case	O
of	O
death	B-PROC
from	O
P	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
vivax	I-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
argues	O
against	O
complacency	O
in	O
the	O
management	O
of	O
even	O
the	O
""""	O
benign	O
""""	O
form	O
of	O
the	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
summarize	O
the	O
clinical	O
characteristics	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
and	O
observe	O
the	O
therapeutic	O
effect	O
with	O
integrative	O
Chinese	O
and	O
western	O
medicine	B-CHED
(	O
ICWM	O
)	O
approach	O
in	O
treating	O
patients	O
with	O
SARS	B-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
We	O
measured	O
CD8	B-PRGE
T	I-PRGE
cell	O
clonotypic	O
diversity	O
to	O
three	O
epitopes	O
recognized	O
in	O
C57BL	O
/	O
6	O
mice	B-SPEC
infected	O
with	O
mouse	B-DISO
hepatitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
,	O
strain	O
JHM	O
,	O
or	O
lymphocytic	B-SPEC
choriomeningitis	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
.	O

We	O
identified	O
three	O
CD8	B-PRGE
(+)	O
T	B-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
epitopes	O
in	O
SNV	O
presented	O
by	O
HLA	B-PRGE
-	O
B	O
*	O
3501	O
and	O
quantitated	O
circulating	O
SNV	O
-	O
specific	O
CD8	B-PRGE
(+)	O
T	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
in	O
11	O
acute	O
HPS	B-DISO
patients	O
using	O
HLA	B-PRGE
/	I-PRGE
peptide	B-CHED
tetramers	I-PRGE
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Role	O
of	O
the	O
occupational	O
physician	O
in	O
the	O
management	O
of	O
the	O
emergency	B-DISO
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
].	O

Current	O
information	O
indicates	O
that	O
most	O
transmission	O
is	O
via	O
respiratory	O
droplets	O
coming	O
from	O
a	O
person	O
who	O
is	O
symptomatic	O
with	O
SARS	B-DISO
"("""	O
close	O
contact	O
""")."	O

The	O
aim	O
of	O
our	O
study	O
is	O
to	O
evidence	O
the	O
critical	O
role	O
of	O
the	O
family	B-SPEC
physician	O
,	O
the	O
first	O
health	O
-	O
care	O
worker	O
who	O
cares	O
with	O
suspected	O
/	O
probable	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
,	O
underlying	O
the	O
importance	O
of	O
the	O
correct	O
use	O
and	O
management	O
of	O
the	O
personal	O
protective	O
equipment	O
.	O

The	O
use	O
of	O
aggressive	B-DISO
immune	B-PROC
surveillance	I-PROC
,	O
nutritional	O
support	O
,	O
and	O
fluid	O
management	O
is	O
critical	O
to	O
support	O
ventilator	O
management	O
for	O
oxygenation	B-PROC
and	O
ventilation	O
.	O

Physicians	O
must	O
establish	O
reasonable	O
therapeutic	O
goals	O
based	O
on	O
oxygen	B-CHED
delivery	O
rather	O
than	O
arbitrary	O
normal	O
values	O
of	O
blood	B-ANAT
gas	B-ENZY
measurement	O
.	O

Overall	O
,	O
ARDS	B-DISO
represents	O
a	O
clear	O
indication	O
that	O
the	O
patient	O
is	O
failing	O
to	O
meet	O
the	O
demands	O
of	O
their	O
stress	O
and	O
without	O
prompt	O
attention	O
likely	O
will	O
die	O
.	O

The	O
RM	O
was	O
performed	O
in	O
pressure	O
-	O
controlled	O
ventilation	O
at	O
FIO2	O
of	O
1	O
.	O
0	O
until	O
PaO2	O
reached	O
250	O
mmHg	O
or	O
a	O
maximal	O
plateau	O
pressure	O
/	O
PEEP	B-CHED
of	O
60	O
/	O
45	O
cmH2O	O
was	O
achieved	O
.	O

The	O
PEEP	B-CHED
of	O
recruitment	B-DISO
was	O
36	O
+/-	O

In	O
disease	O
processes	O
with	O
high	O
airways	O
resistance	B-PROC
and	O
obstructive	O
mucus	B-DISO
plugging	I-DISO
,	O
HFOV	O
may	O
predispose	O
to	O
air	B-CHED
-	O
trapping	O
and	O
increased	O
morbidity	O
secondary	O
to	O
air	B-CHED
leak	O
syndromes	B-DISO
.	O

For	O
example	O
,	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
or	O
community	O
-	O
acquired	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
portends	O
NPPV	O
failure	O
,	O
as	O
does	O
lack	O
of	O
oxygenation	B-PROC
improvement	O
after	O
an	O
hour	O
on	O
NPPV	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
A	O
combination	O
of	O
mutations	O
in	O
the	O
S1	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
spike	O
glycoprotein	B-CHED
gene	O
of	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
MHV	B-SPEC
-	O
A59	O
abolishes	O
demyelination	O
.	O

Analyses	O
of	O
these	O
full	O
-	O
length	O
sequences	O
showed	O
a	O
positive	O
selection	O
occurring	O
during	O
SARS	O
-	O
CoV	O
virus	B-SPEC
evolution	B-PROC
.	O

The	O
estimated	O
genome	B-PROC
mutation	I-PROC
rate	O
was	O
approximately	O
0	O
.	O
1	O
per	O
genome	O
,	O
demonstrating	O
possibly	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
lowest	O
rates	O
among	O
known	O
RNA	O
viruses	B-SPEC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
assess	O
the	O
effectiveness	O
of	O
the	O
Australian	O
border	O
entry	O
screening	O
program	O
to	O
detect	O
arriving	O
travellers	O
with	O
symptoms	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
).	O

To	O
determine	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
international	O
travellers	O
who	O
were	O
symptomatic	O
on	O
arrival	O
in	O
Australia	O
but	O
missed	O
by	O
screening	O
,	O
data	O
were	O
obtained	O
on	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
arrivals	O
screened	O
and	O
the	O
number	O
with	O
symptoms	O
(	O
from	O
the	O
Australian	O
Quarantine	O
and	O
Inspection	O
Service	O
[	O
AQIS	O
]),	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
people	O
investigated	O
for	O
SARS	B-DISO
(	O
from	O
the	O
Australian	O
SARS	B-DISO
Case	O
Register	O
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Characterization	O
of	O
humoral	O
responses	O
in	O
mice	B-SPEC
immunized	O
with	O
plasmid	O
DNAs	O
encoding	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
spike	O
gene	O
fragments	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
immunological	O
characteristics	O
of	O
SARS	O
-	O
CoV	O
spike	O
protein	B-CHED
were	O
investigated	O
by	O
administering	O
mice	B-SPEC
with	O
plasmids	O
encoding	O
various	O
S	O
gene	O
fragments	O
.	O

Recently	O
,	O
this	O
technique	O
was	O
employed	O
in	O
anti	O
-	O
virus	B-SPEC
infections	B-DISO
in	O
human	B-DISO
immunodeficiency	I-DISO
virus	I-DISO
and	O
hepatitis	B-PATH
C	I-PATH
/	O
B	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
.	O

Our	O
study	O
provided	O
evidence	O
that	O
RNAi	B-PROC
could	O
be	O
a	O
tool	O
for	O
inhibition	B-PROC
of	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
investigate	O
the	O
dynamic	O
changes	O
of	O
dendritic	B-ANAT
cell	B-COMP
subsets	O
in	O
peripheral	B-ANAT
blood	I-ANAT
of	O
patients	O
infected	O
with	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
and	O
evaluate	O
their	O
roles	O
in	O
the	O
immunopathogenesis	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Nosocomial	O
transmission	O
of	O
severe	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
from	O
critically	B-DISO
ill	I-DISO
patients	O
to	O
healthcare	O
workers	O
has	O
been	O
a	O
prominent	O
and	O
worrisome	O
feature	O
of	O
existing	O
outbreaks	O
.	O

In	O
the	O
patients	O
with	O
SARS	B-DISO
,	O
loose	O
aggregates	O
of	O
macrophages	B-ANAT
were	O
seen	O
more	O
frequently	O
in	O
the	O
sputum	B-ANAT
.	O

These	O
macrophages	B-ANAT
frequently	O
showed	O
morphological	O
changes	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
cytoplasmic	B-COMP
foaminess	O
,	O
vacuole	B-ANAT
formation	B-PROC
,	O
and	O
nuclear	O
changes	O
(	O
including	O
multinucleation	O
and	O
a	O
ground	O
glass	O
appearance	O
)	O
when	O
compared	O
with	O
the	O
control	O
samples	O
.	O

These	O
macrophages	B-ANAT
frequently	O
showed	O
morphological	O
changes	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
cytoplasmic	B-COMP
foaminess	O
,	O
vacuole	B-COMP
formation	B-PROC
,	O
and	O
nuclear	O
changes	O
(	O
including	O
multinucleation	O
and	O
a	O
ground	O
glass	O
appearance	O
)	O
when	O
compared	O
with	O
the	O
control	O
samples	O
.	O

Fibrogranulation	O
tissue	B-ANAT
proliferation	B-DISO
in	O
small	O
airways	O
and	O
airspaces	O
(	O
bronchiolitis	B-DISO
obliterans	I-DISO
organising	I-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
-	O
like	O
lesions	O
)	O
in	O
subpleural	O
locations	O
was	O
also	O
seen	O
in	O
some	O
patients	O
.	O

Postmortem	O
examination	O
allows	O
tissue	B-ANAT
to	O
be	O
sampled	O
for	O
virological	O
investigations	O
and	O
ultrastructural	O
examination	O
,	O
and	O
when	O
coupled	O
with	O
the	O
appropriate	O
lung	B-ANAT
morphological	O
changes	O
,	O
is	O
valuable	O
to	O
confirm	O
the	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
,	O
particularly	O
in	O
clinically	O
unapparent	O
or	O
suspicious	O
but	O
unconfirmed	O
cases	O
.	O

To	O
move	B-PROC
toward	O
a	O
mechanistic	O
understanding	O
of	O
these	O
phenomena	O
,	O
we	O
used	O
growth	B-PROC
media	B-ANAT
enriched	O
with	O
methyl	B-CHED
-	O
beta	B-CHED
-	I-CHED
cyclodextrin	I-CHED
or	O
cholesterol	B-CHED
to	O
reduce	O
or	O
elevate	O
cellular	B-COMP
membrane	I-COMP
sterols	B-CHED
,	O
respectively	O
.	O

We	O
considered	O
whether	O
cholesterol	B-CHED
was	O
indirectly	O
involved	O
in	O
membrane	O
fusion	O
by	O
condensing	O
CEACAMs	O
into	O
""""	O
lipid	B-COMP
raft	I-COMP
""""	O
membrane	B-COMP
microdomains	O
,	O
thereby	O
creating	O
opportunities	O
for	O
simultaneous	O
binding	B-FUNC
of	O
multiple	O
S	O
proteins	B-CHED
that	O
subsequently	O
cooperate	O
in	O
the	O
receptor	O
-	O
triggered	O
membrane	B-PROC
fusion	I-PROC
process	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
D	O
-	O
RNA	B-PROC
expression	I-PROC
vectors	O
display	O
an	O
inherent	O
instability	O
following	O
serial	O
passage	O
with	O
helper	O
virus	B-SPEC
,	O
resulting	O
in	O
the	O
eventual	O
loss	O
of	O
the	O
heterologous	O
genes	O
.	O

ISAV	B-SPEC
presumably	O
represents	O
a	O
new	O
genus	B-SPEC
within	O
the	O
Orthomyxoviridae	B-SPEC
.	O

ISAV	B-SPEC
has	O
been	O
shown	O
earlier	O
to	O
exhibit	O
a	O
receptor	O
-	O
destroying	O
activity	O
,	O
which	O
was	O
defined	O
as	O
an	O
acetylesterase	B-ENZY
with	O
unknown	O
specificity	O
.	O

When	O
we	O
used	O
a	O
glycosidically	O
bound	O
substrate	O
,	O
ISAV	B-SPEC
was	O
unable	O
to	O
hydrolyze	O
9	O
-	O
O	B-CHED
-	I-CHED
acetylated	I-CHED
sialic	I-CHED
acid	I-CHED
,	O
which	O
represents	O
the	O
major	O
substrate	O
for	O
the	O
influenza	B-PRGE
C	I-PRGE
virus	I-PRGE
esterase	I-PRGE
.	O

Thus	O
,	O
the	O
enzymatic	B-PROC
activity	I-PROC
of	O
the	O
hemagglutinin	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
esterase	I-PRGE
of	O
ISAV	B-SPEC
is	O
comparable	O
to	O
that	O
of	O
the	O
sialate	B-CHED
-	O
4	O
-	O
O	O
-	O
esterases	B-FUNC
of	O
murine	B-SPEC
coronaviruses	O
and	O
related	O
group	O
2	O
coronaviruses	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
:	O
temporal	O
lung	B-ANAT
changes	O
at	O
thin	O
-	O
section	O
CT	O
in	O
30	O
patients	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
evaluate	O
lung	O
abnormalities	O
on	O
serial	O
thin	O
-	O
section	O
computed	O
tomographic	O
(	O
CT	O
)	O
scans	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
during	O
acute	O
and	O
convalescent	O
periods	B-PROC
.	O

When	O
specific	O
opacities	B-DISO
were	O
analyzed	O
in	O
17	O
patients	O
,	O
consolidation	O
generally	O
resolved	O
completely	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
4	O
)	O
or	O
to	O
minimal	O
residual	O
opacities	B-DISO
;	O
six	O
(	O
55	O
%)	O
of	O
11	O
patients	O
with	O
ground	O
-	O
glass	O
opacities	B-DISO
had	O
substantial	O
residual	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
(	O
CT	O
scores	O
>	O
5	O
)	O
on	O
final	O
scans	O
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
There	O
is	O
a	O
temporal	O
pattern	O
of	O
lung	B-ANAT
abnormalities	O
at	O
thin	O
-	O
section	O
CT	O
in	O
SARS	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Noninvasive	O
continuous	O
positive	O
airway	B-ANAT
pressure	O
in	O
elderly	O
cardiogenic	B-DISO
pulmonary	I-DISO
edema	I-DISO
patients	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
compare	O
the	O
physiological	O
effects	O
and	O
the	O
clinical	O
efficacy	O
of	O
continuous	O
positive	O
airway	B-ANAT
pressure	O
(	O
CPAP	O
)	O
vs	O
standard	O
medical	O
treatment	O
in	O
elderly	O
patients	O
(>	O
or	O
=	O
75	O
years	O
)	O
with	O
acute	O
hypoxemic	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
related	O
to	O
cardiogenic	B-DISO
pulmonary	I-DISO
edema	I-DISO
.	O

Noninvasive	O
continuous	O
positive	O
airway	B-ANAT
pressure	O
promotes	O
early	O
clinical	O
improvement	O
in	O
elderly	O
patients	O
attending	O
emergency	B-DISO
departments	O
for	O
a	O
severe	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
edema	I-DISO
,	O
but	O
only	O
reduces	O
early	O
48	O
-	O
h	O
mortality	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenation	B-PROC
by	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
].	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
After	O
various	O
observational	O
studies	O
demonstrated	O
a	O
benefit	O
of	O
extracorporeal	O
membrane	O
oxygenation	B-PROC
(	O
ECMO	B-PROC
)	O
in	O
the	O
therapy	O
of	O
severe	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
),	O
ECMO	B-PROC
now	O
represents	O
an	O
important	O
contribution	O
for	O
ARDS	B-DISO
therapy	O
using	O
clinical	O
algorithms	O
despite	O
a	O
lack	O
of	O
positive	O
controlled	O
studies	O
.	O

After	O
these	O
new	O
developments	O
indications	O
for	O
ECMO	O
could	O
be	O
extended	O
from	O
use	O
not	O
only	O
as	O
ultimate	O
ratio	O
but	O
to	O
less	O
severe	O
ARDS	O
to	O
enable	O
lung	B-ANAT
protective	O
,	O
less	O
invasive	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
.	O

Fifteen	O
Korean	O
IBV	B-SPEC
isolates	O
were	O
classified	O
into	O
4	O
groups	O
by	O
their	O
RFLP	O
patterns	O
using	O
restriction	O
enzymes	O
,	O
HaeIII	O
,	O
BstYI	O
,	O
and	O
XcmI	O
.	O
The	O
RFLP	O
patterns	O
for	O
3	O
,	O
1	O
,	O
and	O
1	O
of	O
15	O
isolates	O
corresponded	O
to	O
the	O
patterns	O
of	O
IBV	B-SPEC
Arkansas	O
,	O
Connecticut	O
,	O
and	O
Massachusetts	O
strains	O
,	O
respectively	O
.	O

Moreover	O
,	O
significant	O
toxicity	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
hemolytic	B-DISO
anemia	I-DISO
,	O
has	O
been	O
attributed	O
to	O
ribavirin	O
.	O

Other	O
agents	O
,	O
including	O
the	O
HIV	B-PRGE
protease	I-PRGE
inhibitor	I-PRGE
glycyrrhizin	B-CHED
and	O
convalescent	O
plasma	B-ANAT
,	O
remain	O
to	O
be	O
evaluated	O
.	O

Two	O
periods	B-PROC
were	O
studied	O
.	O

Questionnaires	O
were	O
distributed	O
to	O
all	O
willing	O
employees	O
of	O
Sunnybrook	O
and	O
Women	O
'	O
s	O
College	O
Health	O
Sciences	O
Centre	O
between	O
Apr	B-CHED
.	O
10	O
and	O
22	O
,	O
2003	O
.	O

Two	O
-	O
thirds	O
of	O
the	O
respondents	O
reported	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
related	O
concern	O
for	O
their	O
own	O
or	O
their	O
family	B-SPEC
'	O
s	O
health	O
.	O

Masks	O
were	O
reported	O
to	O
be	O
the	O
most	O
bothersome	O
infection	B-DISO
control	O
precaution	O
.	O

The	O
sequence	O
obtained	O
from	O
the	O
array	O
is	O
highly	O
reproducible	O
,	O
accurate	O
(>	O
99	O
.	O
99	O
%	O
accuracy	O
)	O
and	O
capable	O
of	O
identifying	O
known	O
and	O
novel	O
variants	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
.	O
Notably	O
,	O
we	O
applied	O
this	O
technology	O
to	O
a	O
field	O
specimen	O
of	O
probable	O
SARS	B-DISO
and	O
rapidly	O
deduced	O
its	O
infectious	B-DISO
source	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
We	O
applied	O
RT	O
-	O
nested	O
PCR	O
for	O
the	O
detection	O
of	O
MHV	O
genomic	O
RNA	O
in	O
a	O
modified	O
manner	O
to	O
obtain	O
RNA	O
from	O
the	O
intestines	B-ANAT
of	O
mice	B-SPEC
and	O
from	O
filter	O
dust	O
in	O
the	O
ventilation	O
ducts	B-ANAT
of	O
the	O
room	O
in	O
which	O
a	O
contaminated	O
mouse	B-SPEC
colony	O
was	O
kept	O
.	O

Furthermore	O
,	O
sequences	O
of	O
FD2	O
and	O
of	O
filter	O
dust	O
from	O
another	O
contaminated	O
mouse	B-SPEC
room	O
,	O
No	O
.	O
7	O
(	O
FD7	O
)	O
showed	O
38	O
nucleotide	B-CHED
exchanges	O
among	O
368	O
-	O
bp	O
(	O
10	O
.	O
3	O
%),	O
suggesting	O
that	O
two	O
different	O
MHV	B-SPEC
strains	O
were	O
contaminating	O
our	O
facilities	O
.	O

Knowledge	O
of	O
this	O
pathology	B-DISO
is	O
crucial	O
,	O
for	O
although	O
it	O
is	O
essential	O
to	O
rule	O
out	O
aetiologies	O
requiring	O
specific	O
management	O
such	O
as	O
microbial	O
infection	B-DISO
or	O
drug	O
-	O
related	O
syndromes	B-DISO
,	O
diagnosis	O
should	O
not	O
be	O
delayed	O
as	O
its	O
severe	O
clinical	O
course	O
is	O
improved	O
by	O
corticosteroids	B-CHED
.	O

Dramatic	O
clinical	O
resolution	O
was	O
obtained	O
by	O
using	O
corticosteroids	B-CHED
.	O

It	O
is	O
a	O
type	O
1	O
viral	O
fusion	O
protein	B-CHED
that	O
characteristically	O
contains	O
two	O
heptad	O
repeat	O
regions	O
,	O
denoted	O
HR	O
-	O
N	O
and	O
HR	O
-	O
C	O
,	O
that	O
form	O
coiled	O
-	O
coil	O
structures	O
within	O
the	O
ectodomain	O
of	O
the	O
protein	B-CHED
.	O

Evidence	O
-	O
based	O
recommendations	O
can	O
be	O
made	O
regarding	O
many	O
aspects	O
of	O
the	O
acute	O
management	O
of	O
sepsis	B-DISO
and	O
septic	B-DISO
shock	I-DISO
that	O
will	O
hopefully	O
translate	O
into	O
improved	O
outcomes	O
for	O
the	O
critically	B-DISO
ill	I-DISO
patient	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
In	O
some	O
nation	O
states	O
,	O
sustained	O
integrated	O
global	O
epidemiological	O
surveillance	O
has	O
been	O
weakened	O
as	O
a	O
result	O
of	O
political	O
unrest	B-DISO
,	O
disinterest	O
,	O
and	O
a	O
poorly	O
developed	O
infrastructure	O
due	O
to	O
rapidly	O
increasing	O
global	O
inequality	O
.	O

The	O
system	O
has	O
uncovered	O
unreported	O
infectious	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
of	O
international	O
importance	O
including	O
cholera	B-DISO
,	O
plague	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
influenza	B-DISO
;	O
current	O
trends	O
of	O
acute	O
flaccid	B-DISO
paralysis	I-DISO
surveillance	O
in	O
polio	B-DISO
eradication	O
;	O
and	O
prevalence	O
of	O
HIV	B-DISO
,	O
syphilis	B-DISO
,	O
hepatitis	B-DISO
B	I-DISO
,	O
and	O
hepatitis	B-PATH
C	I-PATH
in	O
individual	O
areas	O
covered	O
by	O
the	O
sentinels	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Treatment	O
of	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
in	O
a	O
treatment	O
center	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Mortality	O
rates	O
remain	O
high	O
for	O
the	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
distress	O
syndrome	O
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
despite	O
standardised	O
treatment	O
algorithms	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Basic	O
facts	O
about	O
SARS	B-DISO
are	O
presented	O
,	O
including	O
epidemiology	O
,	O
clinical	O
symptoms	O
and	O
the	O
course	O
of	O
disease	O
,	O
multinational	O
search	O
of	O
etiological	O
factor	O
,	O
diagnostic	O
approaches	O
and	O
others	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
is	O
an	O
emerging	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
.	O

The	O
aim	O
of	O
this	O
retrospective	O
study	O
is	O
to	O
evaluate	O
the	O
effectiveness	O
of	O
a	O
triage	O
policy	O
and	O
risk	O
-	O
stratified	O
infection	B-DISO
control	O
measures	O
in	O
preventing	O
nosocomial	O
SARS	B-DISO
infection	B-DISO
among	O
paediatric	O
healthcare	O
workers	O
(	O
HCWs	O
)	O
at	O
the	O
Prince	O
of	O
Wales	O
Hospital	O
,	O
a	O
general	O
hospital	O
to	O
which	O
children	O
with	O
SARS	B-DISO
are	O
referred	O
in	O
Hong	O
Kong	O
.	O

The	O
implementation	O
of	O
different	O
levels	O
of	O
infection	B-DISO
control	O
precautions	O
was	O
guided	O
by	O
this	O
risk	O
stratification	O
strategy	O
.	O

Twenty	O
-	O
six	O
HCWs	O
worked	O
in	O
the	O
ultra	O
high	O
-	O
risk	O
area	O
caring	O
for	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
and	O
88	O
HCWs	O
managed	O
non	O
-	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
in	O
other	O
ward	O
areas	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Hypoxia	B-DISO
from	O
vasculitic	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
haemorrhage	I-DISO
improved	O
by	O
prone	O
position	O
ventilation	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
recently	O
identified	O
etiological	O
agent	O
of	O
the	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
belongs	O
to	O
Coronaviridae	B-SPEC
(	O
CoV	O
),	O
a	O
family	B-SPEC
of	O
viruses	B-SPEC
replicating	O
by	O
a	O
poorly	O
understood	O
mechanism	O
.	O

To	O
investigate	O
the	O
role	O
of	O
viral	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
,	O
allergen	B-CHED
sensitization	B-PROC
,	O
and	O
exposure	O
to	O
indoor	O
allergens	O
as	O
risk	O
factors	O
for	O
acute	O
wheezing	B-DISO
in	O
children	O
0	O
to	O
12	O
years	O
old	O
.	O

Detection	O
of	O
respiratory	B-SPEC
syncytial	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
antigen	B-CHED
,	O
rhinovirus	B-SPEC
and	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
RNA	O
,	O
adenovirus	B-DISO
,	O
influenza	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
parainfluenza	B-DISO
antigens	B-CHED
was	O
performed	O
in	O
nasal	B-ANAT
washes	O
.	O

Among	O
children	O
2	O
to	O
12	O
years	O
old	O
,	O
sensitization	B-PROC
to	O
inhalant	O
allergens	O
was	O
the	O
major	O
risk	O
factor	O
for	O
wheezing	B-DISO
(	O
odds	O
ratio	O
,	O
2	O
.	O
7	O
;	O
P	O
=	O
.	O
03	O
).	O

Six	O
patients	O
had	O
direct	O
exposure	O
to	O
persons	O
with	O
chickenpox	B-DISO
infection	B-DISO
.	O

There	O
were	O
3	O
deaths	B-PROC
(	O
25	O
%);	O
2	O
were	O
above	O
65	O
years	O
old	O
and	O
1	O
was	O
37	O
years	O
old	O
with	O
acute	B-DISO
myeloid	I-DISO
leukaemia	I-DISO
on	O
chemotherapy	O
.	O

There	O
were	O
3	O
deaths	B-PROC
(	O
25	O
%);	O
2	O
were	O
above	O
65	O
years	O
old	O
and	O
1	O
was	O
37	O
years	O
old	O
with	O
acute	B-DISO
myeloid	I-DISO
leukaemia	I-DISO
on	O
chemotherapy	O
.	O

Hospital	O
databases	O
and	O
electronic	O
patient	O
records	O
covering	O
the	O
4	O
months	O
duration	O
of	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
epidemic	O
and	O
an	O
equivalent	O
period	O
preceding	O
SARS	B-DISO
were	O
compared	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Prolonged	O
disturbances	O
of	O
in	O
vitro	O
cytokine	B-PROC
production	I-PROC
in	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
treated	O
with	O
ribavirin	B-CHED
and	O
steroids	B-CHED
.	O

We	O
conclude	O
that	O
prolonged	O
dysregulated	O
cytokine	B-PROC
production	I-PROC
occurs	O
in	O
SARS	B-DISO
and	O
that	O
future	O
studies	O
should	O
be	O
directed	O
at	O
improving	O
anti	O
-	O
inflammatory	O
and	O
antiviral	B-CHED
therapies	O
in	O
order	B-SPEC
to	O
limit	O
cytokine	O
impairment	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Characterization	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
-	O
associated	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
spike	O
glycoprotein	O
-	O
mediated	O
viral	O
entry	O
.	O

In	O
addition	O
,	O
we	O
were	O
able	O
to	O
develop	O
a	O
cell	O
-	O
cell	B-COMP
fusion	O
assay	O
that	O
could	O
be	O
used	O
to	O
monitor	O
S	O
glycoprotein	B-CHED
-	O
dependent	O
membrane	B-PROC
fusion	I-PROC
.	O

Hypoxia	B-DISO
progressed	O
gradually	O
and	O
she	O
was	O
transferred	O
to	O
ICU	O
with	O
tracheal	O
intubation	O
.	O

Stored	O
serum	B-COMP
specimens	O
of	O
the	O
patients	O
were	O
detected	O
for	O
IgG	B-COMP
antibody	I-COMP
against	O
SARS	B-DISO
Co	O
-	O
V	O
by	O
enzyme	O
-	O
linked	O
immunosorbent	O
assay	O
(	O
ELISA	O
).	O

Persons	O
were	O
all	O
susceptible	O
to	O
infection	B-DISO
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
Co	O
-	O
V	O
,	O
with	O
the	O
highest	O
proportion	O
at	O
ages	O
of	O
20	O
-	O
50	O
years	O
,	O
which	O
accounted	O
for	O
68	O
.	O
7	O
%	O
of	O
the	O
total	O
cases	O
.	O

And	O
7	O
.	O
4	O
%	O
(	O
attack	O
rate	O
)	O
of	O
those	O
exposed	O
to	O
SARS	B-DISO
cases	O
suffered	B-DISO
from	O
the	O
illness	O
during	O
the	O
periods	B-PROC
of	O
quarantine	O
.	O

This	O
finding	O
thus	O
led	O
to	O
a	O
kit	B-FUNC
sensitivity	O
,	O
specificity	O
,	O
and	O
accuracy	O
of	O
100	O
,	O
99	O
.	O
5	O
,	O
and	O
99	O
.	O
6	O
%,	O
respectively	O
.	O

The	O
resulting	O
rapid	O
test	O
has	O
an	O
excellent	O
agreement	O
of	O
99	O
.	O
6	O
%,	O
with	O
a	O
kappa	B-PRGE
value	I-PRGE
of	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
.	I-PRGE
00	I-PRGE
,	O
with	O
the	O
ELISA	O
.	O

The	O
PPV	B-CHED
and	O
NPV	O
for	O
the	O
rapid	O
test	O
thus	O
reached	O
95	O
.	O
3	O
and	O
100	O
%,	O
respectively	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Normal	O
piglets	O
weaned	B-PROC
onto	O
soy	O
-	O
or	O
egg	B-ANAT
-	O
based	O
diets	O
generated	O
antibody	B-PROC
responses	I-PROC
to	O
fed	O
protein	B-CHED
.	O

Paradoxically	O
,	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
-	O
infected	O
animals	B-SPEC
showed	O
an	O
enhanced	O
primary	O
IgG1	B-COMP
antibody	I-COMP
response	O
to	O
injected	O
soy	O
at	O
4	O
weeks	O
of	O
age	O
,	O
but	O
they	O
subsequently	O
showed	O
a	O
reduced	O
secondary	O
response	O
after	O
an	O
intraperitoneal	O
challenge	O
at	O
9	O
weeks	O
of	O
age	O
in	O
comparison	O
to	O
uninfected	O
animals	B-SPEC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Profiles	O
of	O
antibody	B-PROC
responses	I-PROC
against	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
recombinant	O
proteins	O
and	O
their	O
potential	O
use	O
as	O
diagnostic	O
markers	O
.	O

METHODS	O
:	O
According	O
to	O
the	O
experience	O
and	O
information	O
,	O
to	O
select	O
several	O
perspective	O
candidates	O
from	O
anti	O
-	O
SARS	B-DISO
effective	O
TCM	O
prescriptions	O
and	O
drugs	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Identification	O
of	O
an	O
HLA	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
A	I-PRGE
*	I-PRGE
0201	I-PRGE
-	O
restricted	O
CD8	B-PRGE
+	I-PRGE
T	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
cell	I-PRGE
epitope	B-CHED
SSp	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
spike	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Following	O
intranasal	O
administration	O
,	O
the	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
replicated	O
to	O
high	O
titers	O
in	O
the	O
respiratory	B-ANAT
tracts	I-ANAT
of	O
BALB	O
/	O
c	O
mice	B-SPEC
.	O

Recent	O
findings	O
indicate	O
that	O
the	O
calcium	B-CHED
antagonist	B-PROC
nifedipine	B-CHED
might	O
be	O
a	O
better	O
alternative	O
.	O

Large	O
randomized	O
controlled	O
trials	O
are	O
urgently	O
needed	O
to	O
determine	O
whether	O
antihypertensive	B-CHED
therapy	O
in	O
pregnancy	O
results	O
in	O
greater	O
benefit	O
than	O
risks	O
for	O
mother	B-ANAT
and	I-ANAT
fetus	I-ANAT
.	O

In	O
1994	O
and	O
1997	O
,	O
CDC	O
reported	O
clusters	B-CHED
of	O
acute	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
hemorrhage	I-DISO
(	O
APH	O
)	O
among	O
infants	O
in	O
Cleveland	O
,	O
Ohio	O
.	O

In	O
developing	O
this	O
response	O
,	O
CDC	O
recommends	O
a	O
definition	O
for	O
a	O
clinically	O
confirmed	O
case	O
of	O
AIPH	O
among	O
infants	O
on	O
the	O
basis	O
of	O
evidence	O
of	O
blood	B-ANAT
in	O
the	O
airway	B-ANAT
,	O
age	O
</=	O
1	O
year	O
,	O
absence	O
of	O
medical	O
conditions	O
related	O
to	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
hemorrhage	I-DISO
,	O
and	O
severe	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
or	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
.	O

CDC	O
staff	O
will	O
work	O
with	O
state	O
and	O
local	O
health	O
departments	O
to	O
investigate	O
reported	O
clusters	B-CHED
of	O
cases	O
of	O
AIPH	O
among	O
infants	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
SARS	B-DISO
:	O
clinical	O
virology	O
and	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
originated	O
in	O
Southern	O
China	O
in	O
November	O
2002	O
,	O
and	O
was	O
brought	O
to	O
Hong	O
Kong	O
in	O
February	O
2003	O
.	O

The	O
disease	O
is	O
caused	O
by	O
a	O
novel	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
and	O
is	O
transmitted	B-DISO
by	O
droplets	O
or	O
direct	O
inoculation	O
from	O
contact	O
with	O
infected	O
surfaces	O
.	O

Temporal	O
lung	B-ANAT
changes	O
documented	O
on	O
HRCT	O
suggest	O
that	O
some	O
residual	O
opacities	B-DISO
found	O
may	O
not	O
be	O
reversible	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
SARS	B-DISO
:	O
clinical	O
features	O
and	O
diagnosis	O
.	O

The	O
constellation	O
of	O
compatible	O
clinical	O
and	O
laboratory	O
findings	O
,	O
together	O
with	O
the	O
rather	O
characteristic	O
radiological	O
features	O
especially	O
on	O
HRCT	O
and	O
the	O
lack	O
of	O
clinical	O
response	O
to	O
broad	O
-	O
spectrum	O
antibiotics	O
,	O
should	O
quickly	O
arouse	O
suspicion	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
.	O

Recently	O
,	O
quantitative	O
measurement	O
of	O
blood	B-ANAT
SARS	B-DISO
CoV	O
RNA	O
with	O
real	O
-	O
time	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
technique	O
has	O
been	O
developed	O
with	O
a	O
detection	O
rate	O
of	O
80	O
%	O
as	O
early	O
as	O
day	O
1	O
of	O
hospital	O
admission	O
but	O
the	O
detection	O
rates	O
drop	O
to	O
75	O
%	O
and	O
42	O
%	O
on	O
day	O
7	O
and	O
day	O
14	O
,	O
respectively	O
.	O

Anecdotal	O
experience	O
strongly	O
supports	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
steroid	B-CHED
,	O
at	O
least	O
in	O
a	O
subset	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
,	O
particularly	O
with	O
'	O
critical	O
SARS	B-DISO
'	O
who	O
display	O
continued	O
clinical	O
instability	O
or	O
deterioration	O
and	O
progressive	O
radiographic	O
or	O
HRCT	O
deterioration	O
.	O

A	O
retrospective	O
study	O
carried	O
out	O
of	O
72	O
probable	O
SARS	O
patients	O
has	O
shown	O
that	O
cases	O
who	O
received	O
pulse	B-PROC
methylprendisolone	O
did	O
not	O
differ	O
in	O
cumulative	O
steroid	B-CHED
dosage	O
or	O
adverse	O
reactions	O
,	O
although	O
the	O
former	O
patients	O
had	O
less	O
oxygen	B-CHED
requirement	O
,	O
better	O
radiographic	O
outcome	O
,	O
and	O
less	O
likelihood	O
of	O
requiring	O
rescue	O
pulse	B-PROC
steroid	B-CHED
therapy	O
than	O
their	O
counterparts	O
.	O

Secondary	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
could	O
be	O
troublesome	O
,	O
particular	O
for	O
patients	O
with	O
prolonged	O
hospitalization	O
and	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
.	O

Spontaneous	O
pneumomediastinum	B-DISO
and	O
pneumothorax	B-DISO
in	O
SARS	B-DISO
is	O
common	O
.	O

In	O
the	O
majority	O
of	O
nosocomial	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
,	O
there	O
was	O
a	O
history	O
of	O
close	O
contact	O
with	O
a	O
SARS	B-DISO
patient	O
,	O
and	O
transmission	O
occurred	O
via	O
large	O
droplets	O
,	O
direct	O
contact	O
with	O
infectious	B-DISO
material	O
or	O
by	O
contact	O
with	O
fomites	O
contaminated	O
by	O
infectious	B-DISO
material	O
.	O

In	O
Hong	O
Kong	O
,	O
where	O
there	O
are	O
few	O
private	O
rooms	O
for	O
patient	O
isolation	O
,	O
some	O
hospitals	O
have	O
obtained	O
good	O
outcome	O
by	O
having	O
designated	O
SARS	O
teams	O
and	O
separate	O
wards	O
for	O
patient	O
triage	O
,	O
confirmed	O
SARS	B-DISO
cases	O
and	O
step	O
-	O
down	O
of	O
patients	O
in	O
whom	O
SARS	B-DISO
had	O
been	O
ruled	O
out	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
SARS	B-DISO
:	O
public	O
health	O
measures	O
in	O
Hong	O
Kong	O
.	O

The	O
prevalence	O
of	O
FCoV	O
types	O
in	O
Austrian	O
cat	B-SPEC
populations	O
without	O
FIP	B-DISO
has	O
been	O
surveyed	O
recently	O
indicating	O
that	O
type	O
I	O
infections	B-DISO
predominate	O
.	O

PCR	O
assays	O
have	O
been	O
developed	O
amplifying	O
parts	O
of	O
the	O
spike	O
protein	B-CHED
gene	O
.	O

By	O
simplifying	O
the	O
model	O
to	O
a	O
two	O
-	O
compartment	B-ANAT
suspect	O
-	O
probable	O
model	O
and	O
a	O
single	O
-	O
compartment	B-ANAT
probable	O
model	O
and	O
using	O
limited	O
data	O
,	O
we	O
are	O
able	O
to	O
simulate	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
outbreak	O
in	O
Beijing	O
.	O

We	O
estimate	O
that	O
the	O
reproduction	B-PROC
number	O
varies	O
from	O
1	O
.	O
0698	O
to	O
3	O
.	O
2524	O
and	O
obtain	O
certain	O
important	O
epidemiological	O
parameters	O
.	O

Our	O
results	O
are	O
consistent	O
with	O
a	O
hypothesis	O
of	O
viral	O
host	B-COMP
jumping	O
events	O
,	O
concomitant	O
with	O
the	O
reassortment	O
of	O
bird	B-SPEC
and	O
mammalian	B-SPEC
coronaviruses	O
,	O
a	O
scenario	O
analogous	O
to	O
earlier	O
outbreaks	O
of	O
influenzae	O
.	O

N	O
proteins	B-CHED
of	O
other	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
have	O
been	O
reported	O
to	O
be	O
involved	O
in	O
forming	O
the	O
viral	B-ANAT
core	I-ANAT
and	O
also	O
in	O
the	O
packaging	O
and	O
transcription	B-PROC
of	O
the	O
viral	O
RNA	O
.	O

Finally	O
,	O
the	O
full	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
length	I-PRGE
nucleocapsid	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
expressed	B-PROC
and	O
purified	O
from	O
baculovirus	B-SPEC
system	O
was	O
found	O
to	O
form	O
different	O
levels	O
of	O
higher	O
order	B-SPEC
structures	O
as	O
detected	O
by	O
Western	O
blot	O
analysis	O
of	O
the	O
fractionated	O
proteins	B-CHED
.	O

Collectively	O
,	O
these	O
results	O
may	O
aid	O
us	O
in	O
elucidating	O
the	O
mechanism	O
pertaining	O
to	O
formation	B-PROC
of	O
viral	B-COMP
nucleocapsid	I-COMP
core	O
,	O
and	O
designing	O
molecular	O
approaches	O
to	O
intervene	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
replication	O
.	O

Streptococcus	B-SPEC
pneumoniae	I-SPEC
remains	O
the	O
most	O
important	O
cause	O
of	O
community	O
-	O
acquired	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
in	O
the	O
very	O
elderly	O
(	O
80	O
years	O
and	O
over	O
).	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
is	O
an	O
infectious	O
disease	O
first	O
recognized	O
in	O
November	O
2002	O
in	O
Guangdong	O
Province	O
,	O
China	O
.	O

Severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
-	O
associated	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
was	O
quickly	O
found	O
to	O
be	O
the	O
etiological	O
agent	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
in	O
April	O
2003	O
.	O

The	O
common	O
laboratory	O
findings	O
include	O
lymphopenia	B-DISO
,	O
thrombocytopenia	O
,	O
elevated	O
serum	B-ANAT
alanine	B-CHED
and	I-PRGE
aspartate	B-ENZY
aminotransferase	I-ENZY
,	O
lactate	B-PRGE
dehydrogenase	I-PRGE
,	O
creatine	B-CHED
phosphokinase	O
,	O
and	O
C	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
reactive	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
.	O

Rhinovirus	B-SPEC
,	O
influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
and	O
B	O
,	O
adenovirus	B-DISO
,	O
parainfluenza	B-DISO
,	O
respiratory	B-SPEC
syncytial	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
RSV	B-SPEC
),	O
and	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
are	O
etiologies	O
most	O
often	O
associated	O
with	O
infections	B-DISO
of	O
the	O
upper	O
and	O
lower	B-ANAT
respiratory	I-ANAT
tract	I-ANAT
.	O

This	O
article	O
summarizes	O
major	O
principles	O
of	O
antiviral	B-CHED
efficacy	O
and	O
reviews	O
recent	O
clinical	O
trials	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Pro	B-CHED
/	O
con	O
clinical	O
debate	O
:	O
steroids	B-CHED
are	O
a	O
key	O
component	O
in	O
the	O
treatment	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
.	O

A	O
large	O
percentage	O
of	O
patients	O
(	O
many	O
being	O
health	O
care	O
workers	O
themselves	O
)	O
became	O
critically	B-DISO
ill	I-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Severe	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
is	O
a	O
transmissible	O
febrile	B-PROC
respiratory	O
illness	O
caused	O
by	O
a	O
recently	O
discovered	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
.	O

To	O
aid	O
in	O
the	O
differential	O
diagnosis	O
and	O
management	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
,	O
radiologists	O
must	O
be	O
familiar	O
with	O
the	O
typical	O
clinical	O
and	O
histopathologic	O
findings	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
the	O
radiologic	O
features	O
of	O
the	O
disease	O
.	O

Experiments	O
were	O
performed	O
to	O
elucidate	O
the	O
duration	O
of	O
enterotropic	O
MHV	B-SPEC
-	O
Y	O
shedding	O
by	O
immunocompetent	O
BALB	O
/	O
c	O
and	O
C57BL	O
/	O
6	O
mice	B-SPEC
and	O
immunocompromised	O
B	O
and	O
T	B-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
-	O
deficient	O
mice	B-SPEC
.	O

Based	O
on	O
6	O
strains	O
with	O
accurate	O
dates	O
of	O
host	O
death	B-PROC
,	O
we	O
estimated	O
the	O
time	O
of	O
the	O
last	O
common	O
ancestor	O
to	O
be	O
about	O
August	O
or	O
September	O
2002	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
evolution	B-PROC
rate	O
to	O
be	O
about	O
0	O
.	O
16	O
base	O
/	O
day	O
,	O
that	O
is	O
,	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
would	O
on	O
average	O
change	O
a	O
base	O
every	O
seven	O
days	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
related	O
virus	B-SPEC
predating	O
SARS	B-DISO
outbreak	O
,	O
Hong	O
Kong	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Using	O
immunofluorescence	O
and	O
neutralization	O
assays	O
,	O
we	O
detected	O
antibodies	O
to	O
human	B-SPEC
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
-	O
associated	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
and	O
/	O
or	O
animal	B-SPEC
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
-	O
like	O
virus	B-SPEC
in	O
17	O
(	O
1	O
.	O
8	O
%)	O
of	O
938	O
adults	O
recruited	O
in	O
2001	O
.	O

To	O
address	O
speculations	O
that	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
originated	O
in	O
domesticated	O
animals	B-SPEC
,	O
or	O
that	O
domestic	O
species	B-SPEC
were	O
susceptible	O
to	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
,	O
we	O
inoculated	O
6	O
-	O
week	O
-	O
old	O
pigs	B-SPEC
and	O
chickens	B-SPEC
intravenously	O
,	O
intranasally	O
,	O
ocularly	O
,	O
and	O
orally	B-ANAT
with	O
106	O
PFU	B-CHED
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
associated	I-DISO
coronavirus	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
SARS	B-DISO
surveillance	O
during	O
emergency	B-DISO
public	O
health	O
response	O
,	O
United	O
States	O
,	O
March	O
-	O
July	O
2003	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
In	O
response	O
to	O
the	O
emergence	O
of	O
severe	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
),	O
the	O
United	O
States	O
established	O
national	O
surveillance	O
using	O
a	O
sensitive	O
case	O
definition	O
incorporating	O
clinical	O
,	O
epidemiologic	O
,	O
and	O
laboratory	O
criteria	O
.	O

Five	O
probable	O
cases	O
occurred	O
from	O
March	O
through	O
April	O
2003	O
;	O
four	O
were	O
confirmed	O
as	O
SARS	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
by	O
reverse	B-PROC
transcription	I-PROC
-	O
polymerase	O
chain	O
reaction	O
,	O
serologic	O
testing	O
,	O
or	O
both	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
We	O
studied	O
the	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
outbreak	O
in	O
Taiwan	O
,	O
using	O
the	O
daily	O
case	O
-	O
reporting	O
data	O
from	O
May	O
5	O
to	O
June	O
4	O
to	O
learn	B-PROC
how	O
it	O
had	O
spread	O
so	O
rapidly	O
.	O

Our	O
results	O
indicate	O
that	O
most	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
infected	O
persons	O
had	O
symptoms	O
and	O
were	O
admitted	O
before	O
their	O
infections	B-DISO
were	O
reclassified	O
as	O
probable	O
cases	O
.	O

The	O
high	O
percentage	O
of	O
nosocomial	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
in	O
Taiwan	O
suggests	O
that	O
infection	B-DISO
from	O
hospitalized	O
patients	O
with	O
suspected	O
,	O
but	O
not	O
yet	O
classified	O
,	O
cases	O
is	O
a	O
major	O
factor	O
in	O
the	O
spread	O
of	O
disease	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
In	O
early	O
April	O
2003	O
,	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
was	O
diagnosed	O
in	O
a	O
Pennsylvania	O
resident	O
after	O
his	O
exposure	O
to	O
persons	O
with	O
SARS	B-DISO
in	O
Toronto	O
,	O
Canada	O
.	O

Laboratory	O
evaluation	O
of	O
clinical	O
specimens	O
showed	O
no	O
evidence	O
of	O
transmission	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
associated	I-DISO
coronavirus	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
infection	B-DISO
to	O
any	O
close	O
contact	O
of	O
this	O
patient	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
better	O
assess	O
the	O
risk	O
for	O
transmission	O
of	O
the	O
severe	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
-	O
associated	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
),	O
we	O
obtained	O
serial	O
specimens	O
and	O
clinical	O
and	O
exposure	O
data	O
from	O
seven	O
confirmed	O
U	O
.	O
S	O
.	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
and	O
their	O
10	O
household	O
contacts	O
.	O

A	O
case	O
-	O
control	O
analysis	O
identified	O
risk	O
factors	O
for	O
secondary	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
.	O

SARS	B-DISO
transmission	O
at	O
the	O
household	O
level	O
was	O
not	O
negligible	O
in	O
Hong	O
Kong	O
.	O

Lack	O
of	O
transmission	O
in	O
the	O
United	O
States	O
may	O
be	O
related	O
to	O
the	O
relative	O
absence	O
of	O
high	O
-	O
risk	O
procedures	O
or	O
patients	O
,	O
factors	O
that	O
may	O
place	O
healthcare	O
workers	O
at	O
higher	O
risk	O
for	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Serum	B-COMP
samples	O
were	O
obtained	O
from	O
healthcare	O
workers	O
5	O
weeks	O
after	O
exposure	O
to	O
an	O
outbreak	O
of	O
severe	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
).	O

We	O
conclude	O
that	O
activities	O
related	O
to	O
intubation	O
increase	O
SARS	B-DISO
risk	O
and	O
use	O
of	O
a	O
mask	O
(	O
particularly	O
a	O
N95	O
mask	O
)	O
is	O
protective	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Superspreading	O
SARS	B-DISO
events	O
,	O
Beijing	O
,	O
2003	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Atypical	O
SARS	B-DISO
in	O
geriatric	O
patient	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Cluster	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
among	O
medical	O
students	O
exposed	O
to	O
single	O
patient	O
,	O
Hong	O
Kong	O
.	O

The	O
risk	O
of	O
contracting	O
SARS	B-DISO
was	O
sevenfold	O
greater	O
among	O
students	O
who	O
definitely	O
visited	O
the	O
index	O
case	O
'	O
s	O
cubicle	O
than	O
in	O
those	O
who	O
did	O
not	O
(	O
10	O
/	O
27	O
[	O
41	O
%]	O
versus	O
1	O
/	O
20	O
[	O
5	O
%],	O
relative	O
risk	O
7	O
.	O
4	O
;	O
95	O
%	O
confidence	O
interval	O
1	O
.	O
0	O
to	O
53	O
.	O
3	O
).	O

Inconsistent	O
use	O
of	O
goggles	O
,	O
gowns	O
,	O
gloves	O
,	O
and	O
caps	O
was	O
associated	O
with	O
a	O
higher	O
risk	O
for	O
SARS	B-DISO
infection	B-DISO
(	O
unadjusted	O
odds	O
ratio	O
2	O
.	O
42	O
to	O
20	O
.	O
54	O
,	O
p	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
).	O

After	O
its	O
causative	O
agent	O
,	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
associated	I-DISO
coronavirus	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
),	O
was	O
confirmed	O
,	O
laboratory	O
methods	O
,	O
including	O
virus	B-SPEC
isolation	O
,	O
reverse	B-PRGE
transcriptase	I-PRGE
-	O
polymerase	O
chain	O
reaction	O
(	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
),	O
and	O
serologic	O
methods	O
,	O
have	O
been	O
quickly	O
developed	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Real	O
-	O
time	O
reverse	B-PROC
transcription	I-PROC
-	O
polymerase	O
chain	O
reaction	O
assay	O
for	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
associated	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
.	O

The	O
real	O
-	O
time	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
assay	O
was	O
more	O
sensitive	O
than	O
a	O
conventional	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
assay	O
or	O
culture	O
isolation	O
and	O
proved	O
suitable	O
to	O
detect	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
in	O
clinical	O
specimens	O
.	O

Virions	B-COMP
were	O
spherical	O
,	O
78	O
nm	O
in	O
mean	O
diameter	O
,	O
and	O
composed	O
of	O
a	O
helical	O
nucleocapsid	B-COMP
within	O
an	O
envelope	B-COMP
with	O
surface	O
projections	O
.	O

Electron	O
microscopic	O
studies	O
were	O
critical	O
in	O
identifying	O
the	O
etiologic	O
agent	O
of	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
outbreak	O
and	O
in	O
guiding	O
subsequent	O
laboratory	O
and	O
epidemiologic	O
investigations	O
.	O

Cough	B-DISO
,	O
chest	B-DISO
pain	I-DISO
,	O
and	O
shortness	B-DISO
of	I-DISO
breath	I-DISO
were	O
present	O
in	O
approximately	O
one	O
quarter	O
of	O
the	O
patients	O
;	O
79	O
.	O
0	O
%	O
had	O
lymphopenia	B-DISO
;	O
40	O
.	O
3	O
%	O
had	O
thrombocytopenia	O
;	O
19	O
.	O
4	O
%	O
had	O
leukopenia	B-DISO
;	O
and	O
75	O
.	O
8	O
%	O
showed	O
changes	O
on	O
chest	B-ANAT
radiograph	O
.	O

Fever	B-PROC
developed	O
on	O
the	O
first	O
day	O
of	O
illness	O
onset	O
,	O
and	O
both	O
respiratory	B-DISO
symptoms	I-DISO
and	O
radiographic	O
changes	O
occurred	O
on	O
day	O
4	O
.	O

The	O
complications	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
included	O
invasive	O
intubation	O
and	O
ventilation	O
(	O
11	O
.	O
3	O
%)	O
and	O
death	B-PROC
(	O
9	O
.	O
7	O
%).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Possible	O
central	B-DISO
nervous	I-DISO
system	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
by	O
SARS	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
.	O

There	O
was	O
no	O
evidence	O
of	O
viral	B-DISO
shedding	I-DISO
at	O
delivery	O
.	O

SARS	B-DISO
was	O
diagnosed	O
when	O
a	O
chest	B-ANAT
infiltrate	B-DISO
developed	O
and	O
when	O
the	O
patient	O
'	O
s	O
brother	O
was	O
hospitalized	O
with	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
.	O

We	O
highlight	O
problems	O
in	O
atypical	O
cases	O
and	O
offer	O
infection	B-DISO
control	O
suggestions	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Before	O
the	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
outbreak	O
,	O
the	O
Centers	O
for	O
Disease	O
Control	O
and	O
Prevention	O
'	O
s	O
(	O
CDC	O
)	O
legal	O
authority	O
to	O
apprehend	O
,	O
detain	O
,	O
or	O
conditionally	O
release	B-PATH
persons	O
was	O
limited	O
to	O
seven	O
listed	O
diseases	O
,	O
not	O
including	O
SARS	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
could	O
only	O
be	O
changed	O
using	O
a	O
two	O
-	O
step	O
process	O
:	O
1	O
)	O
executive	O
order	B-SPEC
of	O
the	O
President	O
of	O
the	O
United	O
States	O
on	O
recommendation	O
by	O
the	O
Secretary	O
,	O
U	O
.	O
S	O
.	O
Department	O
of	O
Health	O
and	O
Human	B-SPEC
Services	O
(	O
HHS	B-DISO
),	O
and	O
2	O
)	O
amendment	O
to	O
CDC	O
quarantine	O
regulations	O
(	O
42	O
CFR	O
Parts	O
70	O
and	O
71	O
).	O

Mitigating	O
fear	O
and	O
discrimination	O
directed	O
toward	O
persons	O
infected	O
with	O
,	O
and	O
affected	O
by	O
,	O
infectious	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
can	O
be	O
important	O
in	O
controlling	O
transmission	O
.	O

Four	O
public	O
health	O
issues	O
were	O
considered	O
:	O
prevention	O
measures	O
,	O
self	O
-	O
health	O
evaluation	O
,	O
SARS	B-DISO
knowledge	O
,	O
and	O
appraisal	O
of	O
crisis	O
management	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
In	O
Taiwan	O
,	O
a	O
temperature	O
-	O
monitoring	O
campaign	O
and	O
hotline	O
for	O
severe	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
fever	B-PROC
were	O
implemented	O
in	O
June	O
2003	O
.	O

In	O
a	O
cross	O
-	O
sectional	O
telephone	O
survey	O
,	O
95	O
%	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
1	O
,	O
060	O
)	O
of	O
households	O
knew	O
about	O
the	O
campaign	O
and	O
7	O
households	O
reported	O
fever	B-PROC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
During	O
the	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
outbreak	O
,	O
electronic	O
media	B-ANAT
made	O
it	O
possible	O
to	O
disseminate	O
prevention	O
messages	O
rapidly	O
.	O

We	O
cloned	O
and	O
purified	O
the	O
nucleocapsid	B-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
and	O
spike	O
polypeptide	B-CHED
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
and	O
examined	O
their	O
immunogenicity	O
with	O
serum	B-COMP
from	O
patients	O
with	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
.	O

Our	O
findings	O
support	O
the	O
existence	O
of	O
subclinical	O
or	O
non	O
-	O
pneumonic	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
infections	B-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Severe	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
is	O
a	O
novel	O
infectious	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
.	O

IgG	B-COMP
antibody	I-COMP
to	O
SARS	B-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
was	O
first	O
detected	O
between	O
day	O
5	O
and	O
day	O
47	O
after	O
onset	O
of	O
illness	O
(	O
mean	O
+/-	O

We	O
evaluated	O
the	O
susceptibility	O
of	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
related	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
CoV	O
)	O
to	O
ribavirin	B-CHED
and	O
interferon	B-PRGE
(	O
IFN	B-PRGE
)-	O
alpha	O
in	O
vitro	O
by	O
use	O
of	O
cytopathic	B-DISO
effect	I-DISO
,	O
plaque	B-DISO
assay	O
,	O
and	O
immunoblot	O
analysis	O
.	O

Clinical	O
trials	O
with	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
alpha	I-PRGE
might	O
be	O
justified	O
to	O
determine	O
a	O
beneficial	O
effect	O
on	O
the	O
outcome	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
results	O
of	O
the	O
last	O
Critical	O
Assessment	O
of	O
Techniques	O
for	O
Protein	B-CHED
Structure	O
Prediction	O
(	O
CASP5	O
)	O
demonstrated	O
that	O
the	O
quality	O
of	O
homology	O
modeling	O
prediction	O
has	O
improved	O
;	O
reaching	B-PROC
a	O
level	O
of	O
reliability	O
that	O
biologists	O
can	O
now	O
confidently	O
use	O
homology	O
modeling	O
.	O

With	O
improvements	O
in	O
modeling	O
software	O
and	O
the	O
growing	O
number	O
of	O
known	O
protein	B-CHED
structures	O
,	O
homology	O
modeling	O
is	O
becoming	O
a	O
more	O
and	O
more	O
powerful	O
and	O
reliable	O
tool	O
.	O

The	O
ensuing	O
neuropathology	B-DISO
during	O
the	O
chronic	O
stage	O
of	O
disease	O
is	O
primarily	O
immune	O
mediated	O
and	O
similar	O
to	O
that	O
of	O
the	O
human	B-SPEC
demyelinating	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
multiple	B-DISO
sclerosis	I-DISO
.	O

The	O
CC	O
chemokine	O
ligand	B-PROC
(	O
CCL	B-DISO
)	O
5	O
is	O
localized	O
in	O
white	B-ANAT
matter	I-ANAT
tracts	B-ANAT
undergoing	O
demyelination	B-DISO
,	O
suggesting	O
that	O
this	O
chemokine	O
participates	O
in	O
the	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
of	O
disease	O
by	O
attracting	O
inflammatory	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
into	O
the	O
CNS	B-CHED
.	O

In	O
addition	O
,	O
administration	O
of	O
anti	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CCL5	I-PRGE
improved	O
neurological	B-PROC
function	I-PROC
and	O
significantly	O
(	O
p	O
<	O
or	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
005	O
)	O
reduced	O
the	O
severity	O
of	O
demyelination	B-DISO
and	O
macrophage	B-ANAT
accumulation	O
within	O
the	O
CNS	B-CHED
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
The	O
public	O
'	O
s	O
response	O
to	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
in	O
Toronto	O
and	O
the	O
United	O
States	O
.	O

Some	O
of	O
the	O
community	O
-	O
wide	O
problems	O
with	O
SARS	B-DISO
might	O
have	O
been	O
avoided	O
with	O
better	O
communication	O
by	O
public	O
health	O
officials	O
and	O
clinicians	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
114	O
-	O
day	O
epidemic	O
of	O
the	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
swept	O
29	O
countries	O
,	O
affected	O
a	O
reported	O
8	O
,	O
098	O
people	O
,	O
left	O
774	O
patients	O
dead	B-PROC
and	O
almost	O
paralyzed	O
the	O
Asian	O
economy	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Changing	O
health	O
in	O
China	O
:	O
re	O
-	O
evaluating	O
the	O
epidemiological	O
transition	B-DISO
model	O
.	O

Lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
was	O
quantified	O
in	O
terms	O
of	O
lung	B-ANAT
microvascular	B-PROC
permeability	I-PROC
(	O
Evans	O
blue	O
dye	B-CHED
extravasation	B-DISO
),	O
tissue	B-ANAT
lipid	B-PROC
peroxidation	I-PROC
(	O
thiobarbituric	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
reactive	O
substances	O
),	O
and	O
tissue	B-ANAT
polymorphonuclear	B-ANAT
leukocyte	I-ANAT
accumulation	O
(	O
myeloperoxidase	B-FUNC
activity	I-FUNC
).	O

The	O
tissue	B-ANAT
concentrations	O
of	O
tumor	B-PRGE
necrosis	I-PRGE
factor	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
alpha	I-PRGE
(	O
TNF	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
alpha	I-PRGE
)	O
and	O
cytokine	O
-	O
induced	O
neutrophil	B-ANAT
chemoattractant	O
-	O
1	O
(	O
CINC	B-CHED
-	O
1	O
)	O
were	O
also	O
measured	O
.	O

The	O
protective	O
effects	O
of	O
pioglitazone	B-CHED
treatment	O
were	O
correlated	O
with	O
the	O
reduction	O
by	O
79	O
%	O
of	O
the	O
increase	O
of	O
thiobarbituric	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
reactive	O
substances	O
(	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
045	O
)	O
and	O
the	O
reduction	O
by	O
58	O
%	O
of	O
myeloperoxidase	B-FUNC
activity	I-FUNC
increase	O
(	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
001	O
).	O

Pioglitazone	B-CHED
treatment	O
before	O
ischemia	B-DISO
attenuated	O
lung	B-DISO
ischemia	I-DISO
-	O
reperfusion	O
injury	O
in	O
rats	B-SPEC
.	O

Pioglitazone	B-CHED
did	O
not	O
affect	O
the	O
lung	B-ANAT
in	O
the	O
sham	O
animals	B-SPEC
.	O

Previously	O
the	O
functional	O
role	O
of	O
this	O
extra	O
domain	O
has	O
been	O
completely	O
unknown	O
,	O
and	O
it	O
was	O
believed	O
that	O
the	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
3CL	O
proteases	O
share	O
the	O
same	O
enzymatic	O
mechanism	O
with	O
picornavirus	B-SPEC
3C	O
proteases	O
,	O
which	O
contain	O
the	O
chymotrypsin	B-PRGE
fold	O
but	O
have	O
no	O
extra	O
domain	O
.	O

This	O
discovery	O
not	O
only	O
separates	O
the	O
coronavirus	B-PRGE
3CL	I-PRGE
protease	I-PRGE
from	I-PRGE
the	I-PRGE
picornavirus	B-SPEC
3C	I-PRGE
protease	I-PRGE
in	O
terms	O
of	O
the	O
enzymatic	O
mechanism	O
but	O
also	O
defines	O
the	O
dimerization	O
interface	O
on	O
the	O
extra	O
helical	O
domain	O
as	O
a	O
new	O
target	O
for	O
design	O
of	O
the	O
specific	O
protease	B-PROC
inhibitors	I-PROC
.	O

Co	O
-	O
delivery	O
of	O
inactivated	O
pseudorabies	B-DISO
herpesvirus	B-SPEC
(	O
iPRV	O
)	O
with	O
protein	B-CHED
redirected	O
IgG1	B-COMP
-	O
dominated	O
tetanus	B-DISO
toxoid	O
-	O
specific	O
responses	O
towards	O
an	O
IgG1	B-COMP
/	O
IgG2a	B-COMP
balanced	O
response	O
.	O

These	O
findings	O
have	O
a	O
bearing	O
on	O
the	O
understanding	O
of	O
immune	O
responsiveness	O
to	O
virus	B-ANAT
structures	I-ANAT
and	O
the	O
design	O
of	O
vaccines	O
containing	O
virus	B-ANAT
components	I-ANAT
.	O

Our	O
objective	O
was	O
to	O
assess	O
the	O
frequency	O
,	O
epidemiological	O
factors	O
,	O
complications	O
,	O
and	O
outcome	O
of	O
severe	O
preeclampsia	O
and	O
eclampsia	O
and	O
compare	O
them	O
according	O
to	O
severity	O
of	O
the	O
condition	B-DISO
in	O
Kerman	O
,	O
southeastern	O
Iran	O
.	O

72	O
.	O
7	O
%	O
of	O
eclamptic	O
patients	O
suffered	B-DISO
their	O
first	O
convulsion	B-DISO
at	O
home	O
and	O
not	O
in	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
medical	O
help	O
.	O

All	O
six	O
maternal	B-PROC
deaths	I-PROC
during	O
the	O
period	O
of	O
the	O
study	O
occurred	O
in	O
eclamptic	O
cases	O
(	O
mortality	O
rate	O
18	O
%),	O
four	O
relating	O
to	O
patients	O
who	O
had	O
not	O
received	O
prenatal	O
care	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Acute	B-DISO
chest	B-ANAT
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ACS	O
)	O
is	O
the	O
leading	O
cause	O
of	O
death	B-PROC
in	O
sickle	B-DISO
cell	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
.	O

Severe	O
ACS	B-FUNC
often	O
develops	O
in	O
the	O
course	O
of	O
a	O
vasoocclusive	O
crisis	O
(	O
VOC	O
),	O
and	O
frequently	O
involves	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
fat	I-DISO
embolism	I-DISO
.	O

However	O
,	O
translational	B-PROC
selection	O
and	O
gene	O
length	O
have	O
no	O
effect	O
on	O
the	O
variations	O
of	O
synonymous	O
codon	O
usage	O
in	O
these	O
virus	B-SPEC
genes	O
.	O

All	O
57	O
persons	O
with	O
close	O
contact	O
with	O
the	O
12	O
medical	O
staff	O
suffering	B-DISO
SARS	B-DISO
in	O
the	O
latent	O
period	O
or	O
with	O
one	O
having	O
early	O
-	O
stage	O
SARS	O
did	O
not	O
show	O
any	O
signs	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
during	O
one	O
month	O
for	O
observation	O
in	O
isolation	O
.	O

SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
may	O
have	O
no	O
or	O
very	O
limited	O
infectivity	O
during	O
the	O
latent	O
period	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
:	O
a	O
singular	B-CHED
epidemic	O
of	O
viral	B-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
].	O

Transmission	O
is	O
inter	O
-	O
human	B-SPEC
,	O
via	O
respiratory	O
particles	O
mainly	O
.	O

The	O
clinical	O
presentation	O
is	O
highly	O
variable	O
,	O
from	O
a	O
mild	O
fever	B-PROC
to	O
an	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

Ribavirin	B-CHED
associated	O
with	O
steroids	B-CHED
have	O
been	O
used	O
with	O
success	O
in	O
numerous	O
cases	O
.	O

More	O
than	O
8	O
,	O
000	O
people	O
were	O
infected	O
and	O
774	O
died	B-PROC
.	O

Although	O
diagnostic	O
criteria	O
for	O
SARS	B-DISO
have	O
been	O
issued	O
by	O
the	O
World	O
Health	O
Organization	O
(	O
WHO	O
),	O
simple	O
adoption	O
of	O
the	O
established	O
criteria	O
may	O
lead	O
to	O
overdiagnosis	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
cancer	B-DISO
or	O
to	O
an	O
increase	O
in	O
the	O
risk	O
of	O
spreading	O
SARS	B-DISO
within	O
cancer	B-DISO
hospitals	O
.	O

8	O
samples	O
per	O
pool	O
)	O
were	O
spiked	O
with	O
plasma	B-ANAT
of	O
an	O
imported	O
case	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
or	O
of	O
a	O
subsequently	O
infected	O
contact	O
person	O
,	O
respectively	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Interaction	O
between	O
heptad	O
repeat	O
1	O
and	O
2	O
regions	O
in	O
spike	O
protein	B-CHED
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
associated	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
:	O
implications	O
for	O
virus	B-SPEC
fusogenic	O
mechanism	O
and	O
identification	O
of	O
fusion	O
inhibitors	B-CHED
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Synthetic	O
peptide	B-CHED
studies	O
on	O
the	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
spike	O
glycoprotein	B-CHED
:	O
perspective	O
for	O
SARS	B-DISO
vaccine	O
development	B-PROC
.	O

This	O
suggested	O
that	O
our	O
S5	O
and	O
S6	O
peptides	B-CHED
may	O
represent	O
two	O
minimum	O
biologically	O
active	O
sequences	O
of	O
the	O
immunogenic	O
regions	O
of	O
the	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
S	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
.	O

Synthetic	O
peptides	B-CHED
can	O
elicit	O
specific	O
antibodies	B-COMP
to	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
.	O
The	O
study	O
provides	O
insights	O
for	O
the	O
future	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
vaccine	O
via	O
the	O
synthetic	O
-	O
peptide	B-CHED
-	O
based	O
approach	O
.	O

This	O
suggested	O
that	O
our	O
S5	O
and	O
S6	O
peptides	B-CHED
may	O
represent	O
two	O
minimum	O
biologically	O
active	O
sequences	O
of	O
the	O
immunogenic	O
regions	O
of	O
the	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
S	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
.	O

They	O
still	O
induced	O
an	O
immune	B-PROC
response	I-PROC
,	O
however	O
,	O
as	O
judged	O
from	O
the	O
high	O
levels	O
of	O
virus	O
-	O
neutralizing	O
antibodies	B-COMP
.	O

The	O
new	O
guidelines	O
are	O
designed	O
to	O
reduce	O
the	O
incidence	O
of	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
and	O
other	O
severe	O
,	O
acute	O
lower	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
tract	I-DISO
infections	I-DISO
in	O
acute	O
-	O
care	O
hospitals	O
and	O
in	O
other	O
health	O
-	O
care	O
settings	O
(	O
e	O
.	O
g	O
.,	O
ambulatory	O
and	O
long	O
-	O
term	O
care	O
institutions	O
)	O
and	O
other	O
facilities	O
where	O
health	O
care	O
is	O
provided	O
.	O

Among	O
the	O
changes	O
in	O
the	O
recommendations	O
to	O
prevent	O
bacterial	B-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
,	O
especially	O
ventilator	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
associated	I-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
,	O
are	O
the	O
preferential	O
use	O
of	O
oro	B-CHED
-	O
tracheal	O
rather	O
than	O
naso	B-SPEC
-	O
tracheal	O
tubes	O
in	O
patients	O
who	O
receive	O
mechanically	O
assisted	O
ventilation	O
,	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
noninvasive	O
ventilation	O
to	O
reduce	O
the	O
need	O
for	O
and	O
duration	O
of	O
endotracheal	O
intubation	O
,	O
changing	O
the	O
breathing	B-PROC
circuits	O
of	O
ventilators	O
when	O
they	O
malfunction	O
or	O
are	O
visibly	O
contaminated	O
,	O
and	O
(	O
when	O
feasible	O
)	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
an	O
endotracheal	O
tube	O
with	O
a	O
dorsal	O
lumen	O
to	O
allow	O
drainage	B-ANAT
of	O
respiratory	O
secretions	B-ANAT
;	O
no	O
recommendations	O
were	O
made	O
about	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
sucralfate	O
,	O
histamine	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
receptor	I-PRGE
antagonists	B-CHED
,	O
or	O
antacids	B-CHED
for	O
stress	O
-	O
bleeding	B-DISO
prophylaxis	O
.	O

For	O
prevention	O
of	O
health	O
-	O
care	O
--	O
associated	O
Legionnaires	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
,	O
the	O
changes	O
include	O
maintaining	O
potable	O
hot	O
water	B-CHED
at	O
temperatures	O
not	O
suitable	O
for	O
amplification	B-DISO
of	O
Legionella	B-SPEC
spp	B-ENZY
.,	O
considering	O
routine	O
culturing	O
of	O
water	B-CHED
samples	O
from	O
the	O
potable	O
water	B-CHED
system	O
of	O
a	O
facility	O
'	O
s	O
organ	B-ANAT
-	O
transplant	B-ANAT
unit	O
when	O
it	O
is	O
done	O
as	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
facility	O
'	O
s	O
comprehensive	O
program	O
to	O
prevent	O
and	O
control	O
health	O
-	O
care	O
--	O
associated	O
Legionnaires	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
,	O
and	O
initiating	O
an	O
investigation	O
for	O
the	O
source	O
of	O
Legionella	B-SPEC
spp	B-ENZY
.	O

when	O
one	O
definite	O
or	O
one	O
possible	O
case	O
of	O
laboratory	O
-	O
confirmed	O
health	O
-	O
care	O
--	O
associated	O
Legionnaires	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
is	O
identified	O
in	O
an	O
inpatient	O
hemopoietic	O
stem	B-ANAT
-	O
cell	B-ANAT
transplant	I-ANAT
(	O
HSCT	B-ANAT
)	O
recipient	O
or	O
in	O
two	O
or	O
more	O
HSCT	B-ANAT
recipients	O
who	O
had	O
visited	O
an	O
outpatient	O
HSCT	B-ANAT
unit	O
during	O
all	O
or	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
2	O
-	O
10	O
day	O
period	O
before	O
illness	O
onset	O
.	O

Most	O
commonly	O
TRALI	B-DISO
may	O
appear	O
during	O
whole	B-ANAT
blood	I-ANAT
,	O
packed	O
cells	B-COMP
and	O
fresh	B-ANAT
frozen	I-ANAT
plasma	I-ANAT
transfusions	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
A	O
general	O
strategy	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
a	O
plastic	O
film	O
that	O
allows	O
reverse	B-PROC
transcription	I-PROC
and	O
nested	O
-	O
PCR	O
in	O
a	O
single	O
closed	O
-	O
tube	O
has	O
been	O
developed	O
.	O

Blood	B-ANAT
leucocytes	B-ANAT
and	O
lymphocyte	B-ANAT
subsets	O
were	O
reported	O
to	O
decrease	O
,	O
respectively	O
,	O
in	O
47	O
%	O
and	O
up	O
to	O
100	O
%	O
of	O
38	O
patients	O
in	O
Beijing	O
.	O

To	O
investigate	O
serum	B-COMP
total	O
LD	O
,	O
LD	O
isoenzymes	O
,	O
and	O
other	O
parameters	O
including	O
blood	B-ANAT
lymphocyte	B-ANAT
subsets	O
as	O
prognostic	O
indicators	O
in	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
for	O
adverse	O
clinical	O
outcomes	O
in	O
terms	O
of	O
admission	O
to	O
intensive	O
care	O
unit	O
(	O
ICU	O
)	O
and	O
death	B-PROC
.	O

A	O
total	O
of	O
109	O
patients	O
with	O
a	O
clinical	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
according	O
to	O
the	O
modified	O
World	O
Health	O
Organization	O
case	O
definition	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
were	O
recruited	O
from	O
two	O
major	O
acute	O
hospitals	O
in	O
Hong	O
Kong	O
.	O

Receiver	O
operating	O
characteristic	O
curve	O
analysis	O
was	O
used	O
to	O
determine	O
and	O
compare	O
different	O
cut	B-PRGE
-	O
offs	O
for	O
various	O
biochemical	O
and	O
immunological	O
parameters	O
at	O
peak	O
serum	B-COMP
total	O
LD	O
concentration	O
in	O
predicting	O
adverse	O
clinical	O
outcomes	O
.	O

CD3	B-PRGE
+,	I-PRGE
CD4	B-PRGE
+,	I-PRGE
CD8	B-PRGE
+	I-PRGE
and	O
natural	B-ANAT
killer	I-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
counts	O
were	O
promising	O
immunological	O
prognostic	O
indicators	O
for	O
predicting	O
admission	O
to	O
ICU	O
with	O
AUC	O
of	O
0	O
.	O
94	O
(	O
CI	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
86	O
-	O
0	O
.	O
98	O
),	O
0	O
.	O
91	O
(	O
CI	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
81	O
-	O
0	O
.	O
96	O
),	O
0	O
.	O
93	O
(	O
CI	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
85	O
-	O
0	O
.	O
98	O
),	O
and	O
0	O
.	O
87	O
(	O
CI	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
76	O
-	O
0	O
.	O
94	O
),	O
respectively	O
.	O

This	O
technique	O
is	O
reliable	O
and	O
its	O
application	O
for	O
screening	O
large	O
number	O
of	O
clinical	O
samples	O
would	O
improve	O
the	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
HCoVs	O
respiratory	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
and	O
our	O
knowledge	O
of	O
these	O
viruses	B-SPEC
epidemiology	O
.	O

Adverse	O
health	O
outcomes	O
resulting	O
from	O
accessibility	O
barriers	O
posed	O
by	O
the	O
fear	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
should	O
not	O
be	O
overlooked	O
.	O

EP2	B-PRGE
and	O
EP4	B-PRGE
possessed	B-DISO
linear	O
epitopes	O
,	O
whereas	O
EP1	B-PRGE
and	O
EP2	B-PRGE
were	O
able	O
to	O
form	O
conformational	O
epitopes	O
that	O
could	O
react	O
with	O
most	O
(>	O
80	O
%)	O
of	O
the	O
tested	O
sera	B-COMP
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Last	O
year	O
,	O
more	O
than	O
8	O
,	O
000	O
people	O
worldwide	O
contracted	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
),	O
leading	O
to	O
774	O
deaths	B-PROC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
In	O
February	O
2003	O
,	O
Hong	O
Kong	O
was	O
hit	O
by	O
a	O
community	O
-	O
wide	O
outbreak	O
of	O
severe	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Effective	O
personal	O
protective	O
clothing	O
for	O
health	O
care	O
workers	O
attending	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

Included	O
in	O
the	O
talks	O
were	O
state	O
-	O
of	O
-	O
the	O
-	O
art	O
presentations	O
about	O
infectious	B-DISO
clone	O
technology	O
and	O
recombinant	O
viruses	B-SPEC
,	O
pathogen	O
and	O
receptor	B-PROC
interactions	I-PROC
at	O
the	O
cellular	B-COMP
and	O
molecular	O
level	O
,	O
genomic	O
responses	O
to	O
infection	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
new	O
information	O
on	O
antiviral	B-CHED
mechanisms	O
of	O
action	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Serum	B-ANAT
levels	O
of	O
luteinizing	O
hormone	B-CHED
,	O
testosterone	B-CHED
and	O
prolactin	B-PROC
in	O
patients	O
with	O
septic	B-DISO
shock	I-DISO
].	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Central	O
issues	O
of	O
prevention	O
of	O
nosocomial	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
--	O
status	O
in	O
2004	O
].	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Glucocorticoid	B-CHED
-	O
induced	O
diabetes	B-DISO
in	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
:	O
the	O
impact	O
of	O
high	O
dosage	O
and	O
duration	O
of	O
methylprednisolone	O
therapy	O
].	O

If	O
the	O
patients	O
were	O
treated	O
with	O
an	O
average	O
dose	O
less	O
than	O
90	O
mg	O
/	O
d	O
and	O
treatment	O
duration	O
shorter	O
than	O
15	O
days	O
,	O
the	O
diabetes	B-DISO
incidence	O
was	O
10	O
.	O
5	O
%.	O

Decreasing	O
the	O
daily	O
maximal	O
dosage	O
may	O
be	O
beneficial	O
to	O
the	O
reduction	O
of	O
corticosteroid	B-CHED
-	O
induced	O
of	O
diabetes	B-DISO
.	O

Ninety	O
eyes	B-ANAT
from	O
45	O
patients	O
with	O
the	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
during	O
an	O
epidemic	O
outbreak	O
in	O
Hong	O
Kong	O
were	O
analyzed	O
.	O

The	O
center	O
continues	O
to	O
operate	O
as	O
a	O
part	O
of	O
Ontario	O
'	O
s	O
commitment	O
as	O
a	O
result	O
of	O
diligence	O
in	O
transport	B-PROC
medicine	B-CHED
and	O
infection	B-DISO
control	O
,	O
even	O
though	O
no	O
new	O
cases	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
were	O
reported	O
since	O
June	O
12	O
,	O
2003	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
investigate	O
status	O
of	O
infection	B-DISO
with	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronovirus	O
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
in	O
traders	O
of	O
wild	O
animals	B-SPEC
wholesale	O
markets	O
in	O
Guangzhou	O
.	O

Attack	O
rate	O
in	O
health	O
-	O
care	O
workers	O
was	O
higher	O
at	O
general	O
hospitals	O
,	O
hospital	O
accepting	O
more	O
cases	O
in	O
critical	O
conditions	O
and	O
hospitals	O
with	O
poor	O
precautious	O
measures	O
,	O
and	O
lower	O
in	O
hospitals	O
with	O
isolated	O
wards	O
or	O
areas	O
,	O
or	O
department	O
of	O
infection	O
,	O
specially	O
caring	O
for	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
,	O
and	O
those	O
with	O
effective	O
intervention	O
measures	O
to	O
prevent	O
secondary	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
.	O

There	O
was	O
no	O
significant	O
difference	O
in	O
serum	B-COMP
level	O
of	O
C3	O
between	O
the	O
three	O
groups	O
(	O
P	O
>	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
).	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
Determination	O
of	O
serum	B-COMP
level	O
of	O
C4	O
,	O
CRP	B-PRGE
and	O
PA	O
in	O
suspected	O
patients	O
is	O
beneficial	O
to	O
early	O
differential	O
diagnosis	O
for	O
SARS	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Effectiveness	O
of	O
personal	O
protective	O
measures	O
in	O
prevention	O
of	O
nosocomial	O
transmission	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
].	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
evaluate	O
the	O
effectiveness	O
of	O
personal	O
protective	O
measures	O
of	O
health	O
care	O
workers	O
(	O
HCWs	O
)	O
against	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
).	O

In	O
its	O
severe	O
form	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
clinically	O
indistinguishable	O
from	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

TRALI	B-DISO
is	O
associated	O
with	O
antibodies	B-COMP
to	O
white	B-ANAT
blood	I-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
and	O
biologically	O
active	O
lipids	B-CHED
in	O
trans	O
-	O
fused	O
blood	B-ANAT
components	I-ANAT
.	O

The	O
degree	O
of	O
malnutrition	B-DISO
,	O
control	O
of	O
ascites	O
,	O
level	O
of	O
encephalopathy	B-DISO
,	O
prothrombin	B-PRGE
time	O
,	O
concentration	O
of	O
serum	B-PRGE
albumin	I-PRGE
,	O
and	O
concentration	O
of	O
serum	B-COMP
bilirubin	B-CHED
predict	O
the	O
risk	O
of	O
complications	O
and	O
death	B-PROC
following	O
surgery	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Inhaled	O
nitric	B-CHED
oxide	I-CHED
has	O
been	O
shown	O
to	O
improve	O
oxygenation	B-PROC
in	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
.	O

Days	O
patients	O
were	O
alive	O
following	O
a	O
successful	O
2	O
-	O
hour	O
unassisted	O
ventilation	O
trial	O
were	O
a	O
mean	O
(	O
SD	O
)	O
of	O
11	O
.	O
9	O
(	O
9	O
.	O
9	O
)	O
for	O
placebo	O
and	O
11	O
.	O
4	O
(	O
9	O
.	O
8	O
)	O
for	O
nitric	B-CHED
oxide	I-CHED
patients	O
(	O
P	O
=.	O
54	O
).	O

Days	O
alive	O
and	O
meeting	O
criteria	O
for	O
extubation	O
were	O
also	O
similar	O
:	O
17	O
.	O
0	O
placebo	O
vs	O
16	O
.	O
7	O
nitric	B-CHED
oxide	I-CHED
(	O
P	O
=.	O
89	O
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Performance	O
and	O
Cost	O
evaluation	O
of	O
one	O
commercial	O
and	O
six	O
in	O
-	O
house	O
conventional	O
and	O
real	O
-	O
time	O
reverse	B-PROC
transcription	I-PROC
-	O
pcr	O
assays	O
for	O
detection	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
We	O
evaluated	O
seven	O
reverse	B-PROC
transcription	I-PROC
-	O
PCR	O
(	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
)	O
assays	O
,	O
including	O
six	O
in	O
-	O
house	O
assays	O
and	O
one	O
commercial	O
assay	O
for	O
the	O
detection	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
RNA	O
in	O
clinical	O
specimens	O
.	O

The	O
results	O
demonstrated	O
good	O
performance	O
for	O
all	O
assays	O
,	O
providing	O
laboratories	O
that	O
need	O
to	O
do	O
SARS	B-DISO
RNA	O
testing	O
with	O
a	O
choice	O
of	O
assay	O
formats	O
.	O

In	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
two	O
sets	O
of	O
truncated	O
fragments	O
of	O
spike	O
protein	B-CHED
were	O
generated	O
,	O
the	O
first	O
were	O
approximately	O
210	O
-	O
bp	O
nonoverlapping	O
fragments	O
and	O
the	O
second	O
were	O
overlapping	O
segments	O
of	O
750	O
to	O
900	O
bp	O
.	O

The	O
isolates	O
in	O
10	O
samples	O
were	O
recognized	O
as	O
CCoV	B-PRGE
type	I-PRGE
I	I-PRGE
,	O
and	O
the	O
isolates	O
in	O
6	O
samples	O
were	O
recognized	O
as	O
CCoV	B-PRGE
type	I-PRGE
II	I-PRGE
,	O
while	O
isolates	O
of	O
both	O
genotypes	O
were	O
simultaneously	O
detected	O
in	O
53	O
samples	O
.	O

We	O
show	O
that	O
the	O
success	O
of	O
these	O
control	O
measures	O
is	O
determined	O
as	O
much	O
by	O
the	O
proportion	O
of	O
transmission	O
occurring	O
prior	O
to	O
the	O
onset	O
of	O
overt	O
clinical	O
symptoms	O
(	O
or	O
via	O
asymptomatic	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
)	O
as	O
the	O
inherent	O
transmissibility	O
of	O
the	O
etiological	O
agent	O
(	O
measured	O
by	O
the	O
reproductive	B-PROC
number	O
R	O
(	O
0	O
)).	O

The	O
purpose	O
of	O
this	O
review	O
is	O
primarily	O
to	O
review	O
the	O
clinical	O
features	O
,	O
diagnosis	O
,	O
and	O
management	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
,	O
but	O
also	O
to	O
comment	O
briefly	O
on	O
the	O
epidemiology	O
and	O
pathogen	O
.	O

Apart	O
from	O
influenza	B-DISO
,	O
there	O
are	O
no	O
vaccines	O
and	O
very	O
few	O
antiviral	B-CHED
chemotherapeutic	O
agents	O
available	O
for	O
the	O
prevention	O
and	O
treatment	O
of	O
respiratory	O
viral	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
-	O
the	O
most	O
common	O
cause	O
of	O
human	B-SPEC
illness	O
.	O

The	O
late	O
1990s	O
were	O
a	O
period	O
of	O
unprecedented	O
activity	O
in	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
new	O
and	O
much	O
superior	O
antivirals	B-CHED
for	O
the	O
treatment	O
of	O
influenza	B-DISO
infections	B-DISO
.	O

If	O
not	O
,	O
previous	O
ventilator	O
settings	O
were	O
resumed	O
for	O
another	O
24	O
hrs	B-DISO
after	O
recruiting	O
the	O
lungs	B-ANAT
once	O
again	O
.	O

After	O
recruitment	B-DISO
,	O
Pao2	B-PRGE
/	O
Fio2	O
ratio	O
was	O
higher	O
in	O
all	O
patients	O
.	O

This	O
excess	O
mortality	O
rate	O
could	O
be	O
explained	O
by	O
the	O
higher	O
risk	O
of	O
intensive	O
care	O
unit	O
acquired	O
complications	O
among	O
obese	B-DISO
patients	O
than	O
among	O
the	O
unexposed	O
ones	O
(	O
odds	O
ratio	O
,	O
4	O
;	O
95	O
%	O
confidence	O
interval	O
,	O
1	O
.	O
4	O
-	O
11	O
.	O
8	O
).	O

All	O
four	O
patients	O
suffered	B-DISO
from	O
fever	B-PROC
,	O
runny	B-DISO
nose	I-DISO
,	O
and	O
dry	B-DISO
cough	I-DISO
,	O
and	O
all	O
four	O
had	O
underlying	O
or	O
additional	O
morbidity	O
.	O

Our	O
data	O
will	O
enable	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
diagnostic	O
tests	O
to	O
study	O
the	O
prevalence	O
and	O
clinical	O
impact	O
of	O
this	O
virus	B-SPEC
in	O
humans	B-SPEC
in	O
more	O
detail	O
.	O

Moreover	O
,	O
it	O
will	O
be	O
important	O
to	O
discriminate	O
this	O
previously	O
undescribed	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
from	O
HCoV	O
229E	O
and	O
OC43	O
and	O
the	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
.	O

In	O
the	O
first	O
wave	O
(	O
1985	O
-	O
1986	O
),	O
eight	O
bombings	O
occurred	O
in	O
Paris	B-SPEC
,	O
killing	O
13	O
and	O
injuring	O
281	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Cryptosporidium	B-SPEC
parvum	I-SPEC
and	O
Giardia	B-SPEC
intestinalis	I-SPEC
in	O
calf	B-ANAT
diarrhoea	B-DISO
in	O
Sweden	O
.	O

C	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
parvum	I-SPEC
,	O
either	O
alone	O
or	O
together	O
with	O
G	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
intestinalis	I-SPEC
and	O
/	O
or	O
rotavirus	B-SPEC
,	O
was	O
detected	O
in	O
16	O
(	O
11	O
%)	O
and	O
6	O
(	O
5	O
%)	O
of	O
the	O
samples	O
from	O
diarrhoeic	O
and	O
healthy	O
calves	O
,	O
respectively	O
.	O

These	O
compounds	O
or	O
analogues	O
warrant	O
further	O
evaluation	O
as	O
potential	O
therapies	O
for	O
treating	O
SARS	B-DISO
or	O
could	O
be	O
used	O
as	O
lead	B-CHED
compounds	I-CHED
for	O
discovery	O
of	O
more	O
potent	O
SARSCoV	O
inhibitors	B-CHED
.	O

Whereas	O
in	O
the	O
past	O
,	O
reactive	O
oxygen	B-CHED
and	O
reactive	B-CHED
nitrogen	I-CHED
species	I-CHED
were	O
mainly	O
known	O
as	O
harmful	O
agents	O
,	O
recent	O
investigations	O
have	O
given	O
a	O
new	O
insight	O
into	O
the	O
(	O
patho	O
)	O
physiological	O
importance	O
of	O
these	O
substances	O
as	O
powerful	O
messenger	O
molecules	O
involved	O
in	O
gene	B-PROC
regulation	I-PROC
,	O
thereby	O
enabling	O
the	O
synthesis	B-PROC
of	O
cytokines	O
or	O
adhesion	B-DISO
molecules	O
necessary	O
for	O
defending	O
inflammatory	O
processes	O
.	O

As	O
shown	O
in	O
this	O
review	O
,	O
there	O
are	O
numerous	O
possibilities	O
for	O
the	O
quantification	O
of	O
oxidative	B-DISO
stress	I-DISO
.	O

Several	O
investigations	O
showed	O
a	O
close	O
association	O
of	O
single	O
or	O
multiple	O
parameters	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
total	O
antioxidative	O
capacity	O
,	O
lipid	B-PROC
peroxidation	I-PROC
,	O
vitamins	B-CHED
C	O
and	O
E	O
,	O
the	O
activation	O
of	O
nuclear	B-PRGE
factor	I-PRGE
kappa	I-PRGE
B	I-PRGE
,	O
and	O
respiratory	B-PROC
burst	I-PROC
,	O
with	O
the	O
patient	O
'	O
s	O
outcome	O
.	O

The	O
measurement	O
of	O
a	O
cluster	O
of	O
assays	O
representative	O
of	O
the	O
quantification	O
of	O
reactive	O
species	B-SPEC
or	O
of	O
antioxidants	B-CHED
may	O
improve	O
the	O
usefulness	O
of	O
therapeutic	O
intervention	O
and	O
increase	O
knowledge	O
of	O
pathophysiological	O
alterations	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
A	O
22	O
-	O
yr	O
-	O
old	O
,	O
86	O
-	O
kg	O
,	O
morbidly	O
obese	B-DISO
female	O
orangutan	B-SPEC
(	O
Pongo	B-SPEC
pygmaeus	I-SPEC
abelii	I-SPEC
)	O
was	O
immobilized	O
and	O
transported	O
to	O
the	O
Denver	O
Zoological	O
Gardens	O
hospital	O
for	O
a	O
routine	O
physical	O
examination	O
.	O

Immediately	O
after	O
arriving	O
at	O
the	O
hospital	O
,	O
cyanosis	B-DISO
and	O
apparent	O
inadequate	O
ventilatory	O
efforts	O
were	O
noted	O
.	O

The	O
orangutan	B-SPEC
was	O
maintained	O
on	O
a	O
mechanical	O
ventilator	O
using	O
the	O
neuromuscular	O
blocking	B-DISO
agent	O
cisatracurium	B-CHED
besylate	I-CHED
and	O
sedation	B-DISO
with	O
periodic	O
doses	O
of	O
isoflurane	B-CHED
and	O
midazolam	O
for	O
48	O
hr	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
3C	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
like	I-PRGE
proteinase	I-PRGE
from	O
SARS	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
catalyzes	O
substrate	O
hydrolysis	O
by	O
a	O
general	O
base	O
mechanism	O
.	O

Lack	O
of	O
a	O
suitable	O
assay	O
has	O
been	O
a	O
major	O
hindrance	O
for	O
enzyme	O
kinetic	O
studies	O
and	O
a	O
large	O
-	O
scale	O
inhibitor	B-CHED
screen	O
for	O
SARS	B-PRGE
3CL	I-PRGE
proteinase	B-PROC
.	O

It	O
is	O
known	O
for	O
other	O
coronaviruses	O
that	O
the	O
spike	B-PRGE
(	I-PRGE
S	I-PRGE
)	I-PRGE
glycoprotein	I-PRGE
is	O
required	O
for	O
both	O
viral	O
attachment	O
to	O
permissive	O
cells	B-COMP
and	O
for	O
fusion	O
of	O
the	O
viral	B-COMP
envelope	I-COMP
with	O
the	O
host	B-COMP
cell	I-COMP
membrane	I-COMP
.	O

The	O
codon	O
-	O
optimized	O
and	O
native	O
S	O
glycoproteins	B-CHED
exhibit	O
similar	O
molecular	O
weight	O
as	O
determined	O
by	O
Western	O
blot	O
analysis	O
,	O
indicating	O
that	O
synthetic	B-PRGE
S	I-PRGE
glycoprotein	I-PRGE
is	O
modified	O
correctly	O
in	O
a	O
mammalian	B-SPEC
expression	B-PROC
system	O
.	O

This	O
interaction	O
is	O
blocked	O
with	O
serum	B-COMP
obtained	O
from	O
recovering	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
,	O
indicating	O
that	O
the	O
binding	B-FUNC
is	O
specific	O
.	O

The	O
SARS	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
has	O
been	O
identified	O
as	O
the	O
etiological	O
agent	O
for	O
SARS	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
number	O
of	O
NK	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
and	O
the	O
expression	B-PROC
of	O
CD158b	B-PRGE
on	O
the	O
surface	O
of	O
NK	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
changed	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
SARS	B-DISO
and	O
correlated	O
with	O
disease	O
severity	O
and	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
anti	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
SARS	I-PRGE
coronavirus	B-SPEC
-	I-PRGE
specific	I-PRGE
antibodies	B-COMP
;	O
SARS	B-DISO
differed	O
from	O
M	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
pneumoniae	I-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
in	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
involving	O
NK	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Induction	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
nucleoprotein	O
-	O
specific	B-PROC
immune	I-PROC
response	I-PROC
by	O
use	O
of	O
DNA	O
vaccine	O
.	O

We	O
found	O
that	O
the	O
DNA	O
vaccination	O
induced	O
both	O
N	O
protein	B-CHED
-	O
specific	O
antibody	B-COMP
and	O
specific	O
CTL	B-ANAT
activity	O
to	O
the	O
target	O
.	O

In	O
the	O
case	O
of	O
two	O
vaccine	O
injections	O
,	O
CTL	B-ANAT
activity	O
was	O
also	O
high	O
(	O
56	O
.	O
6	O
+/-	O
12	O
.	O
7	O
%	O
(	O
E	O
:	O
T	O
=	O
25	O
:	O
1	O
),	O
57	O
.	O
4	O
+/-	O
11	O
.	O
7	O
%	O
(	O
E	O
:	O
T	O
=	O
50	O
:	O
1	O
)	O
and	O
63	O
.	O
0	O
+/-	O
6	O
.	O
3	O
%	O
(	O
E	O
:	O
T	O
=	O
100	O
:	O
1	O
))	O
However	O
,	O
antibody	B-COMP
titres	O
were	O
much	O
lower	O
(	O
1	O
:	O
200	O
-	O
1	O
:	O
3200	O
,	O
average	O
titre	O
is	O
1	O
:	O
980	O
).	O

Exposure	O
to	O
agrochemical	B-CHED
products	O
was	O
evaluated	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
81	O
%	O
of	O
my	O
48	O
recently	O
-	O
summarized	O
type	O
-	O
2	O
diabetes	B-DISO
patients	O
with	O
polyneuropathy	B-DISO
,	O
adequately	O
-	O
treated	O
with	O
intravenous	O
immunoglobulin	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
G	I-PRGE
,	O
off	O
-	O
label	B-CHED
,	O
were	O
relieved	O
,	O
sometimes	O
completely	O
,	O
of	O
various	O
motor	O
and	O
sensory	O
symptoms	O
,	O
including	O
pain	O
,	O
thereby	O
resembling	O
Chronic	O
Immune	O
Dysschwannian	O
/	O
Dysneuronal	O
Polyneuropathy	B-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
outbreak	O
of	O
severe	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
is	O
still	O
threatening	O
the	O
world	O
because	O
of	O
a	O
possible	O
resurgence	O
.	O

Pediatric	O
considerations	O
included	O
a	O
more	O
likely	O
need	O
for	O
intubation	O
due	O
to	O
low	O
functional	B-PROC
residual	I-PROC
capacity	I-PROC
;	O
more	O
difficult	O
intravenous	O
access	O
;	O
fluid	O
resuscitation	O
based	O
on	O
weight	O
with	O
40	O
-	O
60	O
mL	O
/	O
kg	O
or	O
higher	O
needed	O
;	O
decreased	O
cardiac	B-ANAT
output	O
and	O
increased	O
systemic	B-PROC
vascular	I-PROC
resistance	I-PROC
as	O
the	O
most	O
common	O
hemodynamic	B-PROC
profile	O
;	O
greater	O
use	O
of	O
physical	O
examination	O
therapeutic	O
end	O
points	O
;	O
unsettled	O
issue	O
of	O
high	O
-	O
dose	O
steroids	B-CHED
for	O
therapy	O
of	O
septic	B-DISO
shock	I-DISO
;	O
and	O
greater	O
risk	O
of	O
hypoglycemia	B-DISO
with	O
aggressive	B-DISO
glucose	B-CHED
control	O
.	O

Pediatric	O
considerations	O
included	O
a	O
more	O
likely	O
need	O
for	O
intubation	O
due	O
to	O
low	O
functional	B-PROC
residual	I-PROC
capacity	I-PROC
;	O
more	O
difficult	O
intravenous	O
access	O
;	O
fluid	O
resuscitation	O
based	O
on	O
weight	O
with	O
40	O
-	O
60	O
mL	O
/	O
kg	O
or	O
higher	O
needed	O
;	O
decreased	O
cardiac	B-ANAT
output	O
and	O
increased	O
systemic	B-PROC
vascular	I-PROC
resistance	I-PROC
as	O
the	O
most	O
common	O
hemodynamic	B-PROC
profile	O
;	O
greater	O
use	O
of	O
physical	O
examination	O
therapeutic	O
end	O
points	O
;	O
unsettled	O
issue	O
of	O
high	O
-	O
dose	O
steroids	B-CHED
for	O
therapy	O
of	O
septic	B-DISO
shock	I-DISO
;	O
and	O
greater	O
risk	O
of	O
hypoglycemia	B-DISO
with	O
aggressive	B-DISO
glucose	B-CHED
control	O
.	O

In	O
this	O
report	O
we	O
have	O
cloned	O
the	O
N	B-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
of	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
,	O
and	O
studied	O
its	O
property	O
of	O
self	O
-	O
association	O
to	O
form	O
dimers	O
.	O

To	O
describe	O
the	O
spectrum	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
in	O
a	O
large	O
outbreak	O
and	O
to	O
compare	O
diagnoses	O
based	O
on	O
clinical	O
judgment	O
with	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
test	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
145	O
of	O
553	O
(	O
26	O
%)	O
patients	O
had	O
serologic	O
evidence	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
.	O

The	O
results	O
showed	O
that	O
IgM	B-PRGE
antibodies	B-COMP
decreased	O
and	O
became	O
undetectable	O
11	O
weeks	O
into	O
the	O
recovery	O
phase	O
.	O

SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
viraemia	B-DISO
mainly	O
appeared	O
1	O
week	O
after	O
the	O
onset	O
of	O
illness	O
and	O
then	O
decreased	O
over	O
a	O
period	O
of	O
1	O
month	O
,	O
becoming	O
undetectable	O
in	O
the	O
blood	B-ANAT
samples	I-ANAT
of	O
the	O
convalescent	O
patients	O
.	O

The	O
attenuated	O
nature	O
of	O
MVA	B-CHED
and	O
the	O
ability	O
of	O
MVA	B-CHED
/	O
S	O
to	O
induce	O
neutralizing	O
antibody	B-COMP
that	O
protects	O
mice	B-SPEC
support	O
further	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
this	O
candidate	O
vaccine	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Porcine	B-SPEC
respiratory	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
PRCV	O
),	O
a	O
spike	O
(	O
S	O
)	O
gene	B-DISO
deletion	I-DISO
mutant	B-DISO
of	O
Transmissible	O
gastroenteritis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
),	O
causes	O
mild	O
or	O
subclinical	O
respiratory	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
in	O
pigs	B-SPEC
.	O

Our	O
results	O
show	O
that	O
nested	O
-	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
was	O
as	O
sensitive	O
as	O
CCIF	O
for	O
PRCV	O
detection	O
in	O
nasal	B-ANAT
swabs	O
,	O
but	O
was	O
more	O
sensitive	O
than	O
CCIF	O
for	O
PRCV	O
detection	O
in	O
fecal	B-ANAT
samples	O
;	O
alternatively	O
PRCV	O
shed	O
in	O
feces	B-ANAT
was	O
more	O
labile	O
with	O
loss	O
of	O
infectivity	O
.	O

These	O
new	O
PRCV	O
isolates	O
should	O
be	O
useful	O
to	O
understand	O
the	O
molecular	O
basis	O
of	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
tropism	B-PROC
and	O
evolution	B-PROC
in	O
infected	O
swine	B-SPEC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Radiographic	O
appearance	O
and	O
clinical	O
outcome	O
correlates	O
in	O
26	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

Four	O
patients	O
(	O
15	O
%)	O
had	O
pleural	B-DISO
effusion	I-DISO
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
The	O
initial	O
predominant	O
radiographic	O
feature	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
was	O
air	B-CHED
-	O
space	O
consolidation	O
in	O
the	O
lateral	O
and	O
lower	O
lung	B-ANAT
zones	O
.	O

The	O
risks	O
for	O
the	O
different	O
units	O
matched	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
concentrations	O
predicted	O
with	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
multizone	O
modeling	O
.	O

Airborne	O
spread	O
of	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
appears	O
to	O
explain	O
this	O
large	O
community	O
outbreak	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
future	O
efforts	O
at	O
prevention	O
and	O
control	O
must	O
take	O
into	O
consideration	O
the	O
potential	O
for	O
airborne	O
spread	O
of	O
this	O
virus	B-SPEC
.	O

Prevention	O
of	O
Mycobacterium	B-SPEC
tuberculosis	I-SPEC
transmission	O
also	O
requires	O
effective	O
infection	B-DISO
control	O
in	O
health	O
-	O
care	O
facilities	O
.	O

In	O
Taipei	O
,	O
Taiwan	O
,	O
an	O
area	O
with	O
moderate	O
to	O
high	O
incidence	O
of	O
tuberculosis	B-PATH
(	O
TB	O
)	O
(	O
50	O
-	O
74	O
cases	O
per	O
100	O
,	O
000	O
population	O
),	O
health	O
-	O
care	O
workers	O
(	O
HCWs	O
)	O
are	O
at	O
increased	O
risk	O
for	O
M	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
tuberculosis	I-SPEC
(	O
Taiwan	O
Center	O
for	O
Disease	O
Control	O
,	O
unpublished	O
data	O
,	O
2002	O
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
IL	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
1beta	I-PRGE
induces	O
an	O
exaggerated	O
pro	B-CHED
-	O
and	O
anti	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
inflammatory	I-PROC
response	I-PROC
in	O
peritoneal	B-ANAT
macrophages	I-ANAT
of	O
children	O
compared	O
with	O
adults	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Children	O
have	O
a	O
lower	O
incidence	O
of	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
(	O
ALI	O
)	O
compared	O
with	O
adults	O
.	O

Our	O
results	O
showed	O
that	O
IL	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
1beta	I-PRGE
induced	O
an	O
11	O
-	O
fold	O
increase	O
in	O
IL	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
10	I-PRGE
production	I-PROC
in	O
pediatric	O
PMs	B-DISO
(	O
659	O
+/-	O
103	O
vs	O
.	O
60	O
+/-	O
25	O
control	O
,	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
).	O

The	O
exaggerated	O
anti	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
inflammatory	I-PRGE
IL	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
10	I-PRGE
response	O
in	O
children	O
may	O
be	O
an	O
important	O
factor	O
in	O
the	O
observed	O
differences	O
in	O
ALI	O
between	O
children	O
and	O
adults	O
.	O

The	O
latter	O
was	O
recently	O
established	O
when	O
a	O
causative	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
was	O
isolated	O
and	O
full	O
-	O
length	O
sequenced	O
(	O
Marra	O
et	O
al	O
.,	O
Science	O
2003	O
:	O
300	O
:	O
1399	O
-	O
404	O
).	O

The	O
scan	O
includes	O
all	O
nine	O
human	B-SPEC
HLA	B-ANAT
supertypes	O
in	O
total	O
covering	O
>	O
99	O
%	O
of	O
all	O
individuals	O
of	O
all	O
major	O
human	O
populations	O
(	O
Sette	O
&	O
Sidney	O
,	O
Immunogenetics	O
1999	O
:	O
50	O
:	O
201	O
-	O
12	O
).	O

We	O
describe	O
an	O
outbreak	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
in	O
a	O
chest	B-ANAT
ward	O
of	O
a	O
medical	O
center	O
in	O
southern	O
Taiwan	O
and	O
seek	O
to	O
identify	O
the	O
risk	O
factors	O
of	O
those	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
who	O
required	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
.	O

A	O
2500	O
-	O
bed	B-DISO
medical	O
center	O
in	O
southern	O
Taiwan	O
.	O

Risk	O
factors	O
for	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
who	O
had	O
been	O
healthy	O
prior	O
to	O
their	O
illness	O
included	O
old	O
age	O
,	O
high	O
peak	O
fever	B-PROC
grade	O
,	O
increased	O
neutrophil	B-ANAT
count	O
,	O
increased	O
neutrophil	B-ANAT
percentage	O
,	O
and	O
close	O
or	O
prolonged	O
contact	O
with	O
a	O
SARS	B-DISO
patient	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Inhaled	B-PROC
nitric	B-CHED
oxide	I-CHED
for	O
ARDS	B-DISO
due	O
to	O
sickle	B-DISO
cell	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
.	O

ACS	B-FUNC
evolving	O
to	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
is	O
a	O
rare	O
but	O
severe	O
complication	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Partial	O
liquid	O
ventilation	O
for	O
the	O
prevention	O
of	O
mortality	O
and	O
morbidity	O
in	O
paediatric	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
and	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
,	O
and	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
,	O
are	O
syndromes	B-DISO
of	O
severe	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
.	O

Children	O
with	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
or	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
have	O
high	O
mortality	O
and	O
significant	O
morbidity	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Impact	O
of	O
an	O
outbreak	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
on	O
a	O
hospital	O
in	O
Taiwan	O
,	O
ROC	O
.	O

Thirty	O
eight	O
patients	O
were	O
hospitalised	O
with	O
suspected	O
SARS	B-DISO
,	O
of	O
which	O
three	O
received	O
the	O
final	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
probable	O
SARS	B-DISO
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
A	O
mean	O
of	O
5100	O
persons	O
per	O
day	O
(	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
4580	O
to	O
5610	O
)	O
underwent	O
fever	B-PROC
screening	O
at	O
the	O
outpatient	O
and	O
emergency	B-DISO
department	O
(	O
ED	O
)	O
entrances	O
to	O
the	O
hospital	O
,	O
of	O
which	O
35	O
per	O
day	O
(	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
30	O
to	O
40	O
)	O
were	O
referred	O
for	O
further	O
evaluation	O
for	O
suspected	O
or	O
probable	O
SARS	B-DISO
.	O

Analysis	O
of	O
the	O
active	O
site	O
cavity	O
reveals	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
subsites	O
that	O
can	O
be	O
targeted	B-PROC
with	O
specific	O
chemical	O
functionalities	O
.	O

It	O
was	O
found	O
that	O
bifunctional	O
aryl	O
boronic	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
compounds	O
were	O
particularly	O
effective	O
at	O
inhibiting	O
the	O
protease	O
,	O
with	O
inhibition	B-PROC
constants	O
as	O
strong	O
as	O
40	O
nM	O
.	O
Isothermal	O
titration	O
microcalorimetric	O
experiments	O
indicate	O
that	O
these	O
inhibitors	B-CHED
bind	B-FUNC
reversibly	O
to	O
3CL	O
(	O
pro	B-CHED
)	O
in	O
an	O
enthalpically	O
favorable	O
fashion	O
,	O
implying	O
that	O
they	O
establish	O
strong	O
interactions	O
with	O
the	O
protease	O
molecule	O
,	O
thus	O
defining	O
attractive	O
molecular	O
scaffolds	O
for	O
further	O
optimization	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
During	O
the	O
recent	O
global	O
outbreak	O
of	O
severe	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
),	O
thousands	O
of	O
patients	O
received	O
treatments	O
of	O
uncertain	O
efficacy	O
and	O
known	O
toxicity	O
such	O
as	O
ribavirin	B-CHED
and	O
corticosteroids	B-CHED
.	O

Overall	O
,	O
the	O
molecular	O
and	O
biologic	O
characteristics	O
of	O
the	O
strain	O
HSR1	O
provide	O
evidence	O
that	O
SARS	O
-	O
CoV	O
forms	O
a	O
fourth	O
genetic	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
group	I-SPEC
with	O
distinct	O
genomic	O
and	O
biologic	O
features	O
.	O

Antibiotic	B-CHED
treatment	O
was	O
ineffective	O
,	O
and	O
he	O
died	B-PROC
8	O
days	O
after	O
illness	O
onset	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Microbicides	B-CHED
and	O
the	O
environmental	O
control	O
of	O
nosocomial	O
viral	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
.	O

It	O
is	O
anticipated	O
that	O
these	O
approaches	O
will	O
result	O
in	O
reducing	O
the	O
health	O
and	O
economic	O
impact	O
of	O
nosocomial	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
due	O
to	O
viruses	B-SPEC
.	O

Binding	B-FUNC
analysis	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
main	I-PRGE
proteinase	B-FUNC
with	O
HIV	B-DISO
,	O
psychotic	B-DISO
and	O
parasite	O
drugs	O
.	O

A	O
paper	O
-	O
based	O
survey	O
to	O
assess	O
how	O
individuals	O
obtained	O
health	O
information	O
relating	O
to	O
bioterrorism	O
and	O
anthrax	B-DISO
during	O
late	O
2001	O
.	O

While	O
traditional	O
media	B-ANAT
provided	O
the	O
primary	O
source	O
of	O
information	O
on	O
anthrax	B-DISO
and	O
bioterrorism	O
,	O
21	O
%	O
(	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
,	O
15	O
%-	O
27	O
%)	O
of	O
respondents	O
reported	O
searching	O
the	O
Internet	O
for	O
this	O
information	O
during	O
late	O
2001	O
.	O

Respondents	O
reported	O
trusting	O
information	O
from	O
physicians	O
the	O
most	O
,	O
and	O
information	O
from	O
health	O
websites	O
slightly	O
more	O
than	O
information	O
from	O
any	O
traditional	O
media	B-ANAT
source	O
.	O

Many	O
people	O
already	O
look	O
to	O
the	O
Internet	O
for	O
information	O
during	O
a	O
public	O
health	O
crisis	O
,	O
and	O
information	O
found	O
online	O
can	O
positively	O
influence	O
behavioral	B-PROC
responses	O
to	O
such	O
crises	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
:	O
report	O
of	O
treatment	O
and	O
outcome	O
after	O
a	O
major	O
outbreak	O
.	O

Laboratory	O
confirmation	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
was	O
established	O
in	O
132	O
(	O
95	O
.	O
7	O
%).	O

Methylprednisolone	B-CHED
was	O
used	O
in	O
107	O
patients	O
,	O
of	O
whom	O
95	O
(	O
88	O
.	O
8	O
%)	O
responded	O
favourably	O
.	O

There	O
were	O
15	O
deaths	B-PROC
(	O
mortality	O
rate	O
10	O
.	O
9	O
%),	O
most	O
with	O
significant	O
co	O
-	O
morbidities	O
,	O
whereas	O
122	O
(	O
88	O
.	O
4	O
%)	O
had	O
been	O
discharged	O
home	O
4	O
months	O
after	O
the	O
outbreak	O
onset	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Transmission	O
and	O
prevention	O
of	O
occupational	O
infections	B-DISO
in	O
orthopaedic	O
surgeons	O
.	O

Aerosol	O
-	O
generating	O
procedures	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
tuberculosis	B-PATH
or	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
may	O
facilitate	O
airborne	O
transmission	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Stability	O
and	O
inactivation	B-DISO
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
.	O

Faecal	B-ANAT
shedding	O
is	O
common	O
and	O
prolonged	O
and	O
has	O
caused	O
an	O
outbreak	O
in	O
Hong	O
Kong	O
.	O

We	O
studied	O
the	O
stability	O
of	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
under	O
different	O
conditions	O
,	O
both	O
in	O
suspension	O
and	O
dried	B-ANAT
on	O
surfaces	O
,	O
in	O
comparison	O
with	O
other	O
human	B-SPEC
-	O
pathogenic	O
viruses	B-SPEC
,	O
including	O
human	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
229E	I-SPEC
.	O

If	O
protein	B-CHED
-	O
containing	O
solutions	O
are	O
to	O
be	O
inactivated	O
,	O
heat	O
treatment	O
at	O
60	O
degrees	O
C	O
for	O
at	O
least	O
30	O
min	O
must	O
be	O
used	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Emerging	O
encephalitogenic	O
viruses	B-SPEC
:	O
lyssaviruses	B-SPEC
and	O
henipaviruses	B-SPEC
transmitted	B-DISO
by	O
frugivorous	O
bats	O
.	O

Because	O
of	O
the	O
link	O
with	O
contact	O
with	O
a	O
prairie	B-SPEC
dog	I-SPEC
,	O
initial	O
evaluation	O
of	O
the	O
disease	O
was	O
focused	O
toward	O
diseases	O
commonly	O
associated	O
with	O
this	O
animal	B-SPEC
(	O
e	O
.	O
g	O
.,	O
tularemia	B-DISO
,	O
plague	B-DISO
).	O

The	O
second	O
most	O
frequent	O
virus	B-SPEC
was	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
,	O
followed	O
by	O
calicivirus	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Risk	O
factors	O
for	O
feline	B-SPEC
coronavirus	B-SPEC
seropositivity	O
in	O
cats	B-SPEC
relinquished	O
to	O
a	O
UK	O
rescue	O
charity	O
.	O

If	O
host	B-COMP
genetics	O
could	O
be	O
shown	O
to	O
play	O
a	O
role	O
in	O
disease	O
,	O
it	O
may	O
allow	O
the	O
detection	O
of	O
cats	B-SPEC
with	O
a	O
susceptibility	O
to	O
FIP	B-DISO
and	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
increased	O
population	O
resistance	B-PROC
through	O
selective	O
breeding	B-PROC
.	O

In	O
this	O
preliminary	O
study	O
,	O
we	O
used	O
clonal	B-ANAT
sequence	O
analysis	O
or	O
reference	O
strand	O
conformational	O
analysis	O
(	O
RSCA	O
)	O
to	O
analyse	O
the	O
class	B-SPEC
II	O
FLA	O
-	O
DRB	O
of	O
25	O
cats	B-SPEC
for	O
which	O
the	O
outcome	O
of	O
FCoV	O
exposure	O
was	O
known	O
.	O

No	O
particular	O
allele	O
appeared	O
to	O
be	O
associated	O
with	O
either	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
FIP	B-DISO
,	O
resistance	B-PROC
to	O
FCoV	O
,	O
or	O
the	O
carrier	O
status	O
.	O

Experimentally	O
infected	O
animals	B-SPEC
started	O
shedding	B-DISO
virus	I-DISO
as	O
soon	O
as	O
2	O
days	O
after	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
infection	B-DISO
rate	O
only	O
increased	O
from	O
11	O
to	O
15	O
%	O
in	O
1	O
week	O
.	O

The	O
most	O
noteworthy	O
changes	O
were	O
in	O
tumor	B-PRGE
necrosis	I-PRGE
factor	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
alpha	I-PRGE
(	O
TNF	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
alpha	I-PRGE
)	O
and	O
interferon	B-PRGE
gamma	I-PRGE
(	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
gamma	I-PRGE
)	O
levels	O
.	O

A	O
complete	O
remission	B-DISO
(	O
over	O
2	O
years	O
)	O
and	O
a	O
partial	O
remission	B-DISO
(	O
2	O
to	O
5	O
months	O
)	O
were	O
observed	O
in	O
four	O
(	O
33	O
.	O
3	O
%)	O
and	O
four	O
(	O
33	O
.	O
3	O
%)	O
cases	O
,	O
respectively	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Modified	O
vaccinia	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
Ankara	O
as	O
a	O
vaccine	O
against	O
feline	B-SPEC
coronavirus	B-SPEC
:	O
immunogenicity	O
and	O
efficacy	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Feline	O
infectious	O
peritonitis	O
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
FIPV	O
)	O
is	O
a	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
that	O
induces	O
a	O
fatal	O
systemic	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
mediated	O
by	O
an	O
inappropriate	O
immune	B-PROC
response	I-PROC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
FIP	B-DISO
:	O
a	O
novel	O
approach	O
to	O
vaccination	O
.	O

Proceedings	O
from	O
the	O
2nd	O
International	O
FCoV	O
/	O
FIP	B-DISO
Symposium	O
,	O
Glasgow	O
,	O
4	O
-	O
7	O
August	O
2002	O
.	O

Stable	O
helper	B-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
line	O
clones	O
have	O
been	O
established	O
by	O
transfection	B-PROC
of	O
CRFK	O
cells	B-COMP
with	O
FFV	O
tas	B-DISO
and	O
assessed	O
using	O
beta	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
galactosidase	I-PRGE
assays	O
,	O
PCR	O
,	O
immunofluorescence	O
and	O
western	O
blotting	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Recommendations	O
from	O
workshops	O
of	O
the	O
second	O
international	O
feline	B-SPEC
coronavirus	B-SPEC
/	O
feline	B-SPEC
infectious	I-DISO
peritonitis	I-DISO
symposium	O
.	O

Crystal	B-ANAT
structure	O
of	O
mouse	B-SPEC
hepatitis	I-DISO
virus	O
spike	O
protein	B-CHED
fusion	O
core	O
.	O

Renal	B-ANAT
biopsy	O
showed	O
diffuse	B-DISO
endocapillary	I-DISO
proliferative	I-DISO
glomerulonephritis	I-DISO
,	O
with	O
mesangial	O
and	O
capillary	B-ANAT
walls	O
,	O
granular	B-ANAT
deposits	O
of	O
IgG	B-PRGE
and	O
C3	O
by	O
immunofluorescence	O
.	O

She	O
was	O
given	O
corticosteroids	B-CHED
with	O
progressive	O
normalization	O
of	O
her	O
renal	B-PROC
function	I-PROC
.	O

In	O
addition	O
to	O
its	O
public	O
health	O
responsibilities	O
,	O
BCCDC	O
was	O
pivotal	O
in	O
the	O
science	O
defining	O
SARS	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
amino	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
pairs	O
whose	O
actual	O
frequencies	O
are	O
larger	O
than	O
their	O
predicted	O
frequencies	O
are	O
more	O
likely	O
to	O
be	O
targeted	B-PROC
by	O
mutations	O
,	O
whereas	O
the	O
amino	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
pairs	O
whose	O
actual	O
frequencies	O
are	O
smaller	O
than	O
their	O
predicted	O
frequencies	O
are	O
more	O
likely	O
to	O
be	O
formed	O
after	O
mutations	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
The	O
aetiological	O
diagnosis	O
by	O
infective	O
agent	O
is	O
as	O
follows	O
:	O
150	O
patients	O
(	O
25	O
.	O
2	O
%)	O
had	O
virus	B-SPEC
infections	B-DISO
,	O
of	O
which	O
90	O
.	O
7	O
%	O
(	O
136	O
/	O
150	O
)	O
were	O
by	O
rhinovirus	B-SPEC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
investigate	O
clinical	O
characteristics	O
and	O
long	O
-	O
term	O
effects	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
.	O

0	O
.	O
4	O
degrees	O
C	O
),	O
median	O
of	O
fever	B-PROC
length	O
were	O
7	O
.	O
0	O
d	O
(	O
0	O
.	O
4	O
approximately	O
50	O
d	O
)	O
and	O
2	O
.	O
3	O
d	O
(	O
0	O
.	O
3	O
approximately	O
37	O
d	O
)	O
respectively	O
.	O

Some	O
patients	O
with	O
other	O
respiratory	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
were	O
misdiagnosed	O
as	O
SARS	B-DISO
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
Some	O
patients	O
with	O
other	O
respiratory	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
were	O
misdiagnosed	O
as	O
SARS	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Prognostic	O
analysis	O
of	O
lung	B-PROC
function	I-PROC
and	O
chest	B-ANAT
X	O
-	O
ray	B-SPEC
changes	O
of	O
258	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
in	O
rehabilitation	O
after	O
discharge	B-ANAT
].	O

Compared	O
to	O
155	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
Co	O
virus	B-SPEC
IgG	B-PRGE
positive	O
patients	O
without	O
lung	B-ANAT
diffusion	O
abnormity	O
and	O
50	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
Co	O
virus	B-SPEC
IgG	B-PRGE
negative	O
patients	O
,	O
the	O
53	B-PRGE
SARS	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
Co	I-PRGE
virus	B-SPEC
IgG	I-PRGE
positive	O
patients	O
with	O
lung	B-ANAT
diffusion	O
abnormity	O
had	O
longer	O
fever	B-PROC
course	O
,	O
higher	O
dosages	O
of	O
glucocorticoid	B-CHED
therapy	O
,	O
higher	O
percentage	O
of	O
oxygen	B-CHED
therapy	O
and	O
non	O
-	O
invasive	O
ventilation	O
.	O

This	O
finding	O
suggests	O
that	O
lung	B-DISO
fibrosis	I-DISO
caused	O
by	O
SARS	B-DISO
mostly	O
occurs	O
in	O
severe	O
patients	O
,	O
and	O
it	O
can	O
resolve	O
spontaneously	O
.	O

(	O
1	O
)	O
The	O
device	O
designed	O
is	O
capable	O
of	O
ensuring	O
control	O
of	O
inhalation	B-PROC
of	O
PFIB	O
;	O
(	O
2	O
)	O
Exposure	O
to	O
PFIB	O
for	O
30	O
mins	O
,	O
canines	O
all	O
met	B-CHED
the	O
criteria	O
for	O
diagnosing	O
ARDS	B-DISO
22	O
hours	O
after	O
inhalation	B-PROC
,	O
therefore	O
the	O
modeling	O
is	O
successful	O
;	O
(	O
3	O
)	O
PFIB	O
specifically	O
damages	O
the	O
lung	B-ANAT
by	O
causing	O
excessive	O
inflammation	B-DISO
.	O

Thus	O
,	O
the	O
RT	O
-	O
LAMP	O
assay	O
reported	O
here	O
has	O
the	O
advantages	O
of	O
rapid	O
amplification	B-DISO
,	O
simple	O
operation	O
,	O
and	O
easy	O
detection	O
and	O
will	O
be	O
useful	O
for	O
rapid	O
and	O
reliable	O
clinical	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
in	O
developing	O
countries	O
.	O

PCR	O
inhibitors	B-CHED
were	O
removed	O
by	O
ethanol	B-CHED
precipitation	B-PROC
,	O
and	O
a	O
PCR	O
for	O
the	O
pig	B-PRGE
beta	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
actin	I-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
was	O
used	O
as	O
a	O
positive	O
control	O
for	O
all	O
clinical	O
samples	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
First	O
-	O
generation	O
reverse	B-PROC
transcription	I-PROC
-	O
PCR	O
(	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
)	O
assays	O
for	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
-	O
associated	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
gave	O
false	O
-	O
negative	O
results	O
in	O
a	O
considerable	O
fraction	O
of	O
patients	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Comparison	O
of	O
two	O
real	O
-	O
time	O
quantitative	O
assays	O
for	O
detection	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
.	O

A	O
total	O
of	O
812	O
people	O
died	B-PROC
due	O
to	O
respiratory	B-DISO
insufficiency	I-DISO
.	O

However	O
,	O
potential	O
transmission	O
by	O
blood	B-ANAT
transfusion	O
could	O
not	O
be	O
definitely	O
excluded	O
.	O

Two	O
real	O
-	O
time	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
specific	O
PCR	O
assays	O
were	O
assessed	O
for	O
their	O
sensitivities	O
,	O
agreement	O
of	O
test	O
results	O
,	O
and	O
intra	O
-	O
assay	O
variabilities	O
.	O

Dilutions	O
of	O
gamma	O
-	O
irradiated	O
cell	B-COMP
culture	O
supernatants	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
CoV	O
-	O
infected	O
Vero	O
E6	O
cells	B-COMP
were	O
prepared	O
to	O
determine	O
the	O
precisions	O
,	O
linear	O
ranges	O
,	O
and	O
accuracies	O
of	O
the	O
assays	O
.	O

The	O
present	O
ELISA	O
appears	O
to	O
be	O
a	O
sensitive	O
test	O
for	O
serodiagnosis	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
,	O
is	O
much	O
more	O
economical	O
and	O
less	O
labor	B-PROC
-	O
intensive	O
than	O
the	O
indirect	O
immunofluorescence	O
assay	O
,	O
and	O
does	O
not	O
require	O
cultivation	O
of	O
SARS	O
-	O
CoV	O
.	O

Non	O
-	O
specific	O
inflammation	B-DISO
in	O
the	O
liver	B-ANAT
was	O
observed	O
in	O
pathological	O
examination	O
in	O
4	O
cases	O
.	O

Histopathology	O
of	O
liver	B-ANAT
was	O
non	O
-	O
specific	O
hepatitis	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Analysis	O
of	O
relation	O
between	O
the	O
usage	O
of	O
corticosteroid	B-CHED
in	O
treatment	O
and	O
arthralgia	B-DISO
as	O
a	O
sequela	O
of	O
SARS	O
patients	O
].	O

There	O
were	O
26	O
of	O
30	O
patients	O
(	O
86	O
.	O
67	O
percent	O
)	O
experienced	O
arthralgia	B-DISO
symptom	B-DISO
during	O
convalescence	O
.	O

In	O
3	O
.	O
6	O
percent	O
of	O
patients	O
arthralgia	B-DISO
occurred	O
within	O
one	O
month	O
after	O
SARS	B-DISO
,	O
53	O
.	O
85	O
percent	O
of	O
the	O
patients	O
experienced	O
low	O
-	O
grade	O
arthralgia	B-DISO
.	O

By	O
unifactor	O
analysis	O
,	O
the	O
total	O
dosage	O
and	O
its	O
duration	O
of	O
use	O
,	O
the	O
highest	O
dosage	O
and	O
its	O
duration	O
,	O
speed	O
of	O
reduction	O
of	O
dosage	O
of	O
corticosteroids	B-CHED
were	O
correlated	O
with	O
the	O
degree	O
of	O
arthralgia	B-DISO
,	O
respectively	O
.	O

Age	O
was	O
not	O
correlated	O
with	O
either	O
the	O
degree	O
or	O
the	O
persisting	O
time	O
of	O
arthralgia	B-DISO
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
The	O
average	O
total	O
dosage	O
of	O
methylprednisolone	B-CHED
was	O
(	O
4	O
244	O
.	O
16	O
+/-	O
2	O
292	O
.	O
30	O
)	O
mg	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
duration	O
of	O
use	O
of	O
the	O
treatment	O
was	O
(	O
25	O
.	O
36	O
+/-	O
5	O
.	O
88	O
)	O
days	O
(	O
ranging	O
from	O
12	O
to	O
35	O
days	O
).	O

This	O
might	O
be	O
related	O
to	O
SARS	B-DISO
related	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
injuries	O
,	O
intensive	O
cough	B-DISO
and	O
high	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
pressure	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Pneumothorax	B-DISO
and	O
mediastinal	B-DISO
emphysema	I-DISO
occurred	O
in	O
7	O
of	O
27	O
serious	O
cases	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
with	O
NIPPV	O
,	O
and	O
mediastinal	B-DISO
emphysema	I-DISO
occurred	O
in	O
1	O
of	O
189	O
cases	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
without	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
(	O
MV	O
).	O

Chi	B-CHED
-	O
square	O
for	O
trend	O
test	O
revealed	O
that	O
the	O
positive	O
rates	O
of	O
stools	B-ANAT
and	O
sputa	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
decreased	O
with	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
the	O
disease	O
(	O
chi	B-CHED
(	O
2	O
)	O
for	O
trend	O
=	O
12	O
.	O
55	O
and	O
16	O
.	O
408	O
,	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
0004	O
and	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
000	O
05	O
respectively	O
).	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
study	O
on	O
the	O
dynamics	O
of	O
peripheral	B-ANAT
blood	I-ANAT
lymphocytes	B-ANAT
and	O
their	O
subpopulations	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

The	O
absolute	O
numbers	O
of	O
peripheral	B-ANAT
blood	I-ANAT
lymphocytes	B-ANAT
and	O
their	O
subpopulations	O
(	O
CD45	B-PRGE
,	O
CD3	B-PRGE
,	O
CD4	B-PRGE
,	O
CD8	B-PRGE
)	O
were	O
1298	O
+/-	O

Of	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
,	O
severe	O
group	O
(	O
1095	O
+/-	O
740	O
,	O
740	O
+/-	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Psychological	B-DISO
impact	O
of	O
the	O
2003	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
outbreak	O
on	O
health	O
care	O
workers	O
in	O
a	O
medium	O
size	O
regional	O
general	O
hospital	O
in	O
Singapore	O
.	O

Support	O
from	O
supervisors	O
/	O
colleagues	O
was	O
a	O
significant	O
negative	O
predictor	O
for	O
psychiatric	B-DISO
symptoms	I-DISO
and	O
PTSD	B-DISO
.	O

Many	O
health	O
care	O
workers	O
were	O
emotionally	O
affected	O
and	O
traumatized	O
during	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
outbreak	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Evaluation	O
of	O
homology	O
modeling	O
of	O
the	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
main	O
protease	O
for	O
structure	O
based	O
drug	O
design	O
.	O

The	O
PCR	O
designated	O
primer	O
sets	O
of	O
spike	O
protein	B-CHED
detected	O
only	O
HEV	B-PRGE
viral	I-PRGE
RNA	I-PRGE
among	O
other	O
related	O
nidoviruses	B-SPEC
.	O

These	O
results	O
contribute	O
to	O
characterization	O
of	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
agent	O
and	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
new	O
antiviral	B-CHED
strategies	O
.	O

Anti	O
-	O
P2	O
antibodies	B-COMP
and	O
the	O
sera	B-COMP
from	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
could	O
specifically	O
detect	O
the	O
recombinant	B-PRGE
SARS	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
3a	I-PRGE
expressed	B-PROC
in	O
Escherichia	B-SPEC
coli	I-SPEC
and	O
in	O
Vero	O
E6	O
cells	B-COMP
.	O

Protein	B-PRGE
3a	I-PRGE
was	O
also	O
detected	O
in	O
the	O
alveolar	B-ANAT
lining	O
pneumocytes	B-ANAT
and	O
some	O
intra	O
-	O
alveolar	B-ANAT
cells	B-COMP
of	O
a	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
-	O
infected	O
patient	O
'	O
s	O
lung	B-ANAT
specimen	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
The	O
antiviral	B-CHED
effect	O
of	O
interferon	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
beta	I-PRGE
against	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
is	O
not	O
mediated	O
by	O
MxA	B-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
.	O

Interferon	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
alpha	I-PRGE
and	O
interferon	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
gamma	I-FUNC
,	O
by	O
contrast	O
,	O
were	O
less	O
effective	O
.	O

This	O
course	O
of	O
interventions	O
is	O
designed	O
for	O
the	O
consideration	O
of	O
nurses	O
caring	O
for	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
and	O
to	O
bolster	O
their	O
ability	O
to	O
fight	O
the	O
disease	O
.	O

The	O
purpose	O
of	O
this	O
study	O
was	O
to	O
determine	O
whether	O
spotted	B-SPEC
hyenas	I-SPEC
also	O
had	O
been	O
infected	O
with	O
these	O
viruses	B-SPEC
and	O
to	O
assess	O
risk	O
factors	O
for	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

In	O
addition	O
,	O
radio	B-CHED
-	O
tracking	O
of	O
gray	O
foxes	O
in	O
the	O
rural	O
zone	O
indicated	O
that	O
all	O
three	O
of	O
the	O
rural	O
CPV	O
-	O
seropositive	O
foxes	O
had	O
traveled	O
into	O
adjoining	O
small	O
towns	O
,	O
whereas	O
only	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
11	O
seronegative	O
animals	B-SPEC
had	O
done	O
so	O
.	O

Individual	O
bobcats	B-SPEC
with	O
positive	O
FCV	B-CHED
antibody	B-COMP
titers	O
had	O
patterns	O
of	O
movement	B-PROC
that	O
intercepted	O
park	B-DISO
inholdings	O
where	O
domestic	B-SPEC
cats	I-SPEC
lived	O
.	O

High	O
seroprevalence	O
was	O
detected	O
for	O
B	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
henselae	I-SPEC
and	O
T	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
gondii	I-SPEC
in	O
both	O
zones	O
.	O

Combining	O
behavioral	B-PROC
information	O
from	O
radio	B-CHED
-	O
tracking	O
with	O
data	O
on	O
pathogen	O
exposure	O
or	O
disease	O
incidence	O
can	O
provide	O
valuable	O
insights	O
into	O
the	O
ecology	O
of	O
wildlife	O
disease	O
that	O
might	O
be	O
missed	O
with	O
broad	O
-	O
scale	O
,	O
population	O
-	O
level	O
comparisons	O
alone	O
.	O

There	O
is	O
no	O
proven	O
antiviral	B-CHED
agent	I-CHED
against	O
SARS	B-DISO
CoV	O
.	O
The	O
most	O
remarkable	O
feature	O
about	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
epidemic	O
was	O
the	O
speed	O
with	O
which	O
the	O
global	O
community	O
acted	O
in	O
a	O
coordinated	O
way	O
to	O
control	O
it	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
T	B-ANAT
-	I-ANAT
cell	B-COMP
epitopes	O
in	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
spike	O
protein	B-CHED
elicit	O
a	O
specific	O
T	O
-	O
cell	O
immune	B-PROC
response	I-PROC
in	O
patients	O
who	O
recover	B-PROC
from	O
SARS	B-DISO
.	O

We	O
employed	O
online	O
database	O
analysis	O
to	O
compare	O
the	O
differences	O
in	O
the	O
amino	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
sequences	O
of	O
the	O
homologous	O
T	O
epitopes	O
of	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
229e	I-SPEC
and	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
.	O
The	O
identified	O
T	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
cell	I-PRGE
epitope	B-CHED
peptides	B-CHED
were	O
synthesized	O
,	O
and	O
their	O
binding	B-FUNC
affinities	O
for	O
HLA	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
A2	I-PRGE
were	O
validated	O
and	O
compared	O
in	O
the	O
T2	O
cell	B-COMP
system	O
.	O

Online	O
database	O
analysis	O
and	O
the	O
T2	O
cell	B-COMP
binding	B-FUNC
test	O
disclosed	O
that	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
HLA	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
A2	I-PRGE
-	O
restricted	O
immunogenic	O
epitopes	O
of	O
the	O
S	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
of	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
was	O
decreased	O
or	O
even	O
lost	B-CHED
in	O
comparison	O
with	O
the	O
homologous	O
sequences	O
of	O
the	O
S	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
of	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
229e	I-SPEC
.	O

Among	O
the	O
peptides	B-CHED
used	O
in	O
the	O
study	O
,	O
the	O
affinity	O
of	O
peptides	B-CHED
from	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
229e	I-SPEC
(	O
H77	O
and	O
H881	O
)	O
and	O
peptides	B-CHED
from	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
(	O
S978	O
and	O
S1203	O
)	O
for	O
binding	B-FUNC
to	O
HLA	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
A2	I-PRGE
was	O
higher	O
than	O
that	O
of	O
other	O
sequences	O
.	O

Here	O
,	O
we	O
characterized	O
the	O
enzymatic	O
activities	O
of	O
a	O
recombinant	O
form	O
of	O
the	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
helicase	I-PRGE
(	O
nonstructural	O
protein	B-CHED
[	O
nsp	O
]	O
13	O
),	O
a	O
superfamily	B-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
helicase	I-PRGE
with	O
an	O
N	O
-	O
terminal	O
zinc	B-CHED
-	O
binding	B-FUNC
domain	O
.	O

Furthermore	O
,	O
we	O
established	O
an	O
RNA	B-PRGE
5	I-PRGE
'-	I-PRGE
triphosphatase	I-PRGE
activity	O
for	O
the	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
nsp13	I-PRGE
helicase	I-PRGE
which	O
may	O
be	O
involved	O
in	O
the	O
formation	B-PROC
of	O
the	O
5	O
'	O
cap	B-DISO
structure	O
of	O
viral	O
RNAs	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
pH	O
-	O
dependent	O
entry	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
is	O
mediated	O
by	O
the	O
spike	O
glycoprotein	O
and	O
enhanced	O
by	O
dendritic	B-ANAT
cell	B-COMP
transfer	O
through	O
DC	O
-	O
SIGN	O
.	O

Peptide	B-CHED
-	O
conjugated	O
morpholino	O
-	O
oligomers	O
exhibited	O
low	O
toxicity	O
in	O
DBT	B-CHED
astrocytoma	B-DISO
cells	B-COMP
used	O
for	O
culturing	O
MHV	B-SPEC
.	O

We	O
also	O
identified	O
a	O
novel	O
dibasic	O
motif	O
(-	O
KXHXX	O
-	O
COOH	O
)	O
in	O
the	O
cytoplasmic	B-ANAT
tails	B-ANAT
of	O
S	O
proteins	B-CHED
from	O
group	O
1	O
coronaviruses	O
and	O
from	O
the	O
newly	O
identified	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
implicated	O
in	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

To	O
define	O
the	O
determinants	O
of	O
CS1	B-PRGE
cleavage	B-PROC
and	O
the	O
role	O
of	O
processing	O
at	O
this	O
site	O
during	O
MHV	B-SPEC
replication	O
,	O
mutations	O
and	O
deletions	O
were	O
engineered	O
in	O
the	O
replicase	B-PRGE
polyprotein	I-PRGE
at	O
CS1	B-PRGE
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Organ	B-ANAT
distribution	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
associated	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
in	O
SARS	O
patients	O
:	O
implications	O
for	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
and	O
virus	B-SPEC
transmission	O
pathways	B-PROC
.	O

The	O
pathological	O
changes	O
in	O
these	O
organs	B-ANAT
may	O
be	O
caused	O
directly	O
by	O
the	O
cytopathic	B-DISO
effect	I-DISO
mediated	O
by	O
local	O
replication	O
of	O
the	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
;	O
or	O
indirectly	O
as	O
a	O
result	O
of	O
systemic	O
responses	O
to	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
or	O
the	O
harmful	O
immune	B-PROC
response	I-PROC
induced	O
by	O
viral	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
.	O

The	O
outbreak	O
was	O
declared	O
contained	O
on	O
July	O
5	O
,	O
2003	O
,	O
after	O
the	O
last	O
human	B-SPEC
chain	O
of	O
transmission	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
had	O
been	O
broken	O
.	O

Acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
occurs	O
in	O
almost	O
all	O
admitted	O
patients	O
and	O
most	O
require	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
.	O

One	O
of	O
the	O
precluding	O
factors	O
in	O
this	O
regard	O
is	O
a	O
greater	O
understanding	O
of	O
the	O
environmental	O
conditions	O
that	O
will	O
support	O
transplant	B-ANAT
-	O
mediated	O
remyelination	B-PROC
.	O

Our	O
results	O
suggest	O
that	O
nelfinavir	O
should	O
be	O
examined	O
clinically	O
for	O
the	O
treatment	O
of	O
SARS	O
and	O
has	O
potential	O
as	O
a	O
good	O
lead	O
compound	O
for	O
designing	O
anti	O
-	O
SARS	B-DISO
drugs	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
severe	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
virus	B-SPEC
belongs	O
to	O
the	O
Coronaviridea	O
family	B-SPEC
of	O
viruses	B-SPEC
.	O

Here	O
we	O
describe	O
the	O
three	O
-	O
dimensional	O
structure	O
of	O
the	O
N	O
-	O
terminal	O
domain	O
of	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
CoV	O
)	O
nucleocapsid	B-COMP
protein	B-CHED
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Assembly	O
of	O
human	B-SPEC
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
-	O
like	O
particles	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Viral	B-ANAT
particles	I-ANAT
of	O
human	B-SPEC
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
CoV	O
)	O
consist	O
of	O
three	O
virion	B-COMP
structural	O
proteins	B-CHED
,	O
including	O
spike	O
protein	B-CHED
,	O
membrane	B-COMP
protein	B-CHED
,	O
and	O
envelope	B-COMP
protein	B-CHED
.	O

In	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
we	O
prepared	O
a	O
peptide	B-CHED
with	O
fluorescence	O
quenching	O
pair	O
(	O
Dabcyl	O
and	O
Edans	O
)	O
at	O
both	O
ends	O
of	O
a	O
peptide	B-CHED
substrate	O
and	O
used	O
this	O
fluorogenic	O
peptide	B-CHED
substrate	O
to	O
characterize	O
SARS	B-PRGE
main	I-PRGE
protease	I-PRGE
and	O
screen	O
inhibitors	B-CHED
.	O

Most	O
respondents	O
took	O
action	O
to	O
avoid	O
being	O
infected	O
by	O
SARS	B-DISO
,	O
including	O
,	O
most	O
commonly	O
,	O
efforts	O
to	O
improve	O
indoor	O
ventilation	O
,	O
to	O
disinfect	O
the	O
indoor	O
environment	O
and	O
to	O
increase	O
hand	O
-	O
washing	O
frequency	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
infection	B-DISO
inhibition	B-PROC
using	O
spike	O
protein	B-CHED
heptad	O
repeat	O
-	O
derived	O
peptides	B-CHED
.	O

With	O
the	O
aim	O
of	O
developing	O
therapeutic	O
agents	O
,	O
we	O
have	O
tested	O
peptides	B-CHED
derived	O
from	O
the	O
membrane	B-COMP
-	O
proximal	O
(	O
HR2	O
)	O
and	O
membrane	B-COMP
-	O
distal	O
(	O
HR1	O
)	O
heptad	O
repeat	O
region	O
of	O
the	O
spike	O
protein	B-CHED
as	O
inhibitors	B-CHED
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
CoV	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
of	O
Vero	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
.	O

Proper	O
use	O
of	O
personal	O
protective	O
equipment	O
(	O
PPE	B-CHED
)	O
and	O
scrupulous	O
attention	O
to	O
hand	O
hygiene	O
are	O
critical	O
to	O
reducing	O
transmission	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
,	O
especially	O
in	O
health	O
care	O
facilities	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Antibiotic	B-CHED
-	O
resistant	O
bacteria	B-SPEC
are	O
an	O
increasingly	O
common	O
problem	O
in	O
intensive	O
care	O
units	O
(	O
ICUs	O
),	O
and	O
they	O
are	O
capable	O
of	O
impacting	O
on	O
patient	O
outcome	O
,	O
the	O
ICU	O
'	O
s	O
budget	O
and	O
bed	B-DISO
availability	O
.	O

This	O
issue	O
,	O
coupled	O
with	O
recent	O
outbreaks	O
of	O
illnesses	O
that	O
pose	O
a	O
direct	O
risk	O
to	O
ICU	O
staff	O
(	O
such	O
as	O
SARS	B-DISO
[	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
]),	O
has	O
led	O
to	O
renewed	O
emphasis	O
on	O
infection	B-DISO
control	O
measures	O
and	O
practitioners	O
in	O
the	O
ICU	O
.	O

The	O
diagnosis	O
is	O
suggested	O
by	O
the	O
paucity	O
of	O
clinical	O
signs	O
with	O
an	O
abnormal	O
chest	B-ANAT
radiograph	O
,	O
and	O
laboratory	O
evidence	O
of	O
leucopenia	B-DISO
,	O
lymphopenia	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
thrombocytopenia	O
.	O

From	O
this	O
perspective	O
,	O
we	O
analyzed	O
eGFP	O
mRNA	O
expression	B-PROC
and	O
eGFP	O
fluorescence	O
in	O
experimental	O
models	O
of	O
nervous	B-ANAT
system	I-ANAT
lesions	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
motoneuron	B-ANAT
axotomy	O
and	O
cerebral	B-DISO
stroke	I-DISO
induced	O
by	O
middle	B-DISO
cerebral	I-DISO
artery	I-DISO
occlusion	B-PROC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Determination	O
and	O
comparison	O
of	O
anti	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
SARS	I-PRGE
antibody	B-COMP
in	O
children	O
and	O
adults	O
].	O

The	O
results	O
showed	O
that	O
both	O
the	O
positive	O
rates	O
of	O
IgG	B-COMP
antibody	I-COMP
in	O
paediatric	O
patients	O
and	O
healthy	O
children	O
were	O
about	O
2	O
%	O
(	O
4	O
/	O
197	O
and	O
3	O
/	O
156	O
),	O
while	O
the	O
positive	O
rates	O
in	O
adult	O
patients	O
and	O
healthy	O
adults	O
were	O
about	O
0	O
.	O
2	O
%	O
(	O
1	O
/	O
453	O
and	O
1	O
/	O
502	O
).	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
is	O
a	O
newly	O
identified	O
member	O
of	O
Family	B-SPEC
Coronaviridae	I-SPEC
.	O

Here	O
we	O
report	O
that	O
by	O
using	O
in	O
vitro	O
bio	O
-	O
engineering	O
techniques	O
,	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
HR1	O
and	O
HR2	O
bind	B-FUNC
to	O
each	O
other	O
and	O
form	O
a	O
typical	O
6	O
-	O
helix	O
bundle	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Quantitation	O
of	O
canine	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
RNA	O
in	O
the	O
faeces	B-ANAT
of	O
dogs	B-SPEC
by	O
TaqMan	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
.	O

In	O
addition	O
,	O
by	O
the	O
fluorogenic	O
assay	O
CCoV	O
shedding	O
in	O
the	O
faecal	O
samples	O
of	O
an	O
experimentally	O
infected	O
dog	B-SPEC
was	O
monitored	O
for	O
28	O
days	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
is	O
thought	O
to	O
be	O
caused	O
by	O
a	O
novel	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
,	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
associated	I-DISO
coronavirus	I-DISO
.	O

355	O
(	O
45	O
%)	O
specimens	O
of	O
nasopharyngeal	B-ANAT
aspirates	B-ANAT
and	O
150	O
(	O
28	O
%)	O
of	O
faeces	B-ANAT
were	O
positive	O
for	O
SARS	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
RNA	O
.	O

This	O
virus	B-SPEC
also	O
was	O
found	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Glycan	B-CHED
arrays	O
lead	O
to	O
the	O
discovery	O
of	O
autoimmunogenic	O
activity	O
of	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
.	O
ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Using	O
carbohydrate	O
microarrays	O
,	O
we	O
characterized	O
the	O
carbohydrate	B-FUNC
binding	B-PROC
activity	I-PROC
of	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
neutralizing	I-PRGE
antibodies	B-COMP
elicited	O
by	O
an	O
inactivated	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
vaccine	O
.	O

In	O
these	O
antibodies	B-COMP
,	O
we	O
detected	O
undesired	O
autoantibody	O
reactivity	O
specific	O
for	O
the	O
carbohydrate	B-CHED
moieties	O
of	O
an	O
abundant	O
human	B-SPEC
serum	B-COMP
glycoprotein	B-CHED
asialo	O
-	O
orosomucoid	O
(	O
ASOR	O
).	O

Our	O
results	O
may	O
help	O
in	O
the	O
design	O
of	O
anti	O
-	O
SARS	B-DISO
therapeutics	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Serum	B-ANAT
hepatic	B-ANAT
enzyme	O
manifestations	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
:	O
retrospective	O
analysis	O
.	O

Entry	O
of	O
coronaviruses	O
into	O
target	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
is	O
mediated	O
by	O
the	O
viral	B-PRGE
S	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
.	O

The	O
patients	O
were	O
divided	O
into	O
three	O
groups	O
(	O
G	O
(	O
1	O
),	O
G	O
(	O
2	O
),	O
and	O
G	O
(	O
3	O
))	O
according	O
to	O
the	O
depth	O
of	O
mucosal	B-ANAT
damage	O
.	O

There	O
were	O
no	O
deaths	B-PROC
related	O
to	O
the	O
procedure	O
.	O

Thus	O
such	O
a	O
molecular	O
complex	O
is	O
expected	O
to	O
serve	O
as	O
a	O
parameter	O
for	O
the	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
thrombus	O
formation	B-PROC
and	O
DIC	B-DISO
,	O
in	O
particular	O
its	O
early	O
stage	O
.	O

Especially	O
,	O
ALI	O
followed	O
by	O
pneumoniae	O
associated	O
with	O
SIRS	B-DISO
could	O
depend	O
on	O
patient	O
'	O
s	O
prognosis	O
and	O
life	O
.	O

Thus	O
such	O
a	O
molecular	O
complex	O
is	O
expected	O
to	O
serve	O
as	O
a	O
parameter	O
for	O
the	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
coagulopathy	B-DISO
,	O
in	O
particular	O
its	O
early	O
stage	O
.	O

Four	O
additional	O
pups	O
,	O
which	O
had	O
shown	O
no	O
sign	O
of	O
illness	O
,	O
were	O
separated	O
and	O
vaccinated	O
,	O
but	O
two	O
of	O
these	O
developed	O
a	O
severe	O
,	O
fatal	O
nervous	B-DISO
form	O
15	O
days	O
later	O
.	O

Most	O
importantly	O
,	O
the	O
replicon	O
RNA	O
mediates	O
reporter	O
gene	B-PROC
expression	I-PROC
as	O
a	O
marker	O
for	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
replication	O
.	O

We	O
have	O
used	O
a	O
replicon	O
RNA	O
-	O
containing	O
cell	B-ANAT
line	I-ANAT
to	O
test	O
the	O
inhibitory	O
effect	O
of	O
several	O
compounds	O
that	O
are	O
currently	O
being	O
assessed	O
for	O
SARS	B-DISO
treatment	O
.	O

Staff	O
personal	O
protection	O
,	O
patient	O
risk	O
categorization	O
,	O
and	O
reorganization	O
of	O
operating	O
room	O
workflow	O
processes	O
formed	O
the	O
key	O
elements	O
for	O
the	O
containment	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
transmission	O
.	O

One	O
hundred	O
twenty	O
-	O
four	O
healthcare	O
workers	O
had	O
direct	O
contact	O
with	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
during	O
these	O
procedures	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Epidemiology	O
of	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
and	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

The	O
epidemiology	O
of	O
ALI	O
and	O
ARDS	B-DISO
has	O
some	O
issues	O
to	O
improve	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
the	O
accuracy	O
of	O
the	O
clinical	O
criteria	O
of	O
ALI	O
/	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

This	O
paper	O
reviews	O
the	O
current	O
status	O
of	O
this	O
knowledge	O
base	O
,	O
with	O
particular	O
reference	O
to	O
the	O
critically	B-DISO
ill	I-DISO
patient	O
.	O

It	O
would	O
use	O
clusters	B-CHED
of	O
symptoms	O
tied	O
to	O
temporal	O
,	O
demographic	O
and	O
spatial	O
data	O
to	O
increase	O
sensitivity	O
and	O
specificity	O
.	O

Emergency	B-DISO
departments	O
and	O
Telehealth	O
in	O
Ontario	O
lend	O
themselves	O
as	O
first	O
contacts	O
to	O
the	O
healthcare	O
system	O
as	O
excellent	O
opportunities	O
to	O
perform	O
syndrome	B-DISO
surveillance	O
.	O

Interviews	O
were	O
conducted	O
with	O
key	O
informants	O
from	O
Telehealth	O
staff	O
,	O
the	O
public	O
health	O
services	O
of	O
Ontario	O
and	O
the	O
Centers	O
for	O
Disease	O
Control	O
and	O
Prevention	O
,	O
Atlanta	B-SPEC
,	O
GA	O
,	O
USA	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Nuclear	B-PRGE
factor	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
kappaB	I-PRGE
(	O
NF	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
kappaB	I-PRGE
)	O
is	O
a	O
transcription	B-PROC
factor	O
which	O
plays	O
a	O
pivotal	O
role	O
in	O
the	O
induction	O
of	O
genes	O
involved	O
in	O
the	O
response	O
to	O
injury	O
and	O
inflammation	B-DISO
.	O

Intraperitoneal	O
injection	O
of	O
cerulein	B-CHED
in	O
mice	O
resulted	O
in	O
severe	O
,	O
acute	B-DISO
pancreatitis	I-DISO
characterised	O
by	O
oedema	B-DISO
,	O
neutrophil	B-ANAT
infiltration	B-DISO
,	O
tissue	B-ANAT
haemorrhage	B-DISO
and	O
necrosis	B-PROC
and	O
elevated	O
serum	B-COMP
levels	O
of	O
amylase	B-PRGE
and	O
lipase	B-PRGE
.	O

It	O
is	O
known	O
for	O
some	O
viruses	B-SPEC
(	O
including	O
members	O
of	O
family	B-SPEC
Coronaviridae	I-SPEC
)	O
that	O
CPE	B-PRGE
can	O
be	O
caused	O
either	O
by	O
virus	B-SPEC
-	O
induced	O
apoptosis	B-PATH
(	O
active	O
death	B-PROC
)	O
or	O
cell	B-COMP
necrosis	B-PROC
(	O
passive	O
death	B-PROC
).	O

In	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
we	O
examined	O
the	O
apoptosis	B-PATH
in	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
infected	O
Vero	O
E6	O
cells	B-COMP
.	O

Indeed	O
,	O
the	O
results	O
do	O
show	O
that	O
the	O
CPE	O
was	O
induced	O
by	O
apoptosis	B-PATH
rather	O
than	O
necrosis	B-PROC
,	O
shown	O
by	O
typical	O
DNA	B-PROC
fragmentation	I-PROC
,	O
through	O
the	O
existence	O
of	O
apoptotic	O
bodies	O
and	O
swollen	O
mitochondria	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
The	O
life	O
cycle	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
in	O
Vero	O
E6	O
cells	B-COMP
.	O

Serial	O
serum	B-COMP
specimens	O
from	O
12	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
-	O
confirmed	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
were	O
assayed	O
by	O
ELISA	O
using	O
the	O
recombinant	B-PRGE
N	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
as	O
coated	O
antigen	B-CHED
.	O

Children	O
are	O
susceptible	O
to	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
CoV	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Development	B-PROC
and	O
evaluation	O
of	O
the	O
kit	B-FUNC
for	O
detection	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
associated	I-DISO
Coronavirus	I-DISO
RNA	O
].	O

Testing	O
of	O
clinical	O
samples	O
from	O
patients	O
with	O
suspected	O
SARS	B-DISO
showed	O
that	O
diagnostic	O
sensitivity	O
of	O
the	O
kit	B-FUNC
was	O
95	O
%.	O

The	O
emergence	O
of	O
new	O
respiratory	O
viruses	B-SPEC
and	O
a	O
high	O
probability	O
that	O
influenza	B-DISO
will	O
cause	O
further	O
pandemics	O
highlights	O
the	O
necessity	O
for	O
developing	O
better	O
preventative	O
strategies	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Non	O
-	O
compliance	O
with	O
treatment	O
of	O
pulmonary	O
tuberculosis	B-PATH
(	O
TB	B-PATH
)	O
by	O
an	O
individual	O
can	O
put	O
the	O
community	O
at	O
risk	O
of	O
transmission	O
of	O
TB	B-PATH
.	O

Two	O
recent	O
cases	O
in	O
New	O
South	O
Wales	O
illustrate	O
the	O
process	O
of	O
issuing	O
a	O
public	O
health	O
order	B-SPEC
in	O
NSW	O
,	O
and	O
some	O
of	O
the	O
issues	O
that	O
may	O
arise	O
.	O

The	O
NSW	O
law	O
can	O
also	O
be	O
applied	O
to	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
or	O
HIV	B-DISO
/	I-DISO
AIDS	I-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Common	O
respiratory	O
manifestations	O
of	O
food	B-DISO
allergy	I-DISO
:	O
a	O
critical	O
focus	O
on	O
otitis	B-DISO
media	I-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Previous	O
investigations	O
have	O
established	O
the	O
pathogenic	O
role	O
of	O
food	O
allergy	O
in	O
respiratory	B-ANAT
tract	I-ANAT
symptoms	O
,	O
which	O
rarely	O
occur	O
in	O
isolation	O
.	O

During	O
an	O
outbreak	O
,	O
active	O
in	O
-	O
hospital	O
surveillance	O
for	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
like	O
illnesses	O
and	O
heightened	O
infection	B-DISO
-	O
control	O
measures	O
are	O
essential	O
.	O

In	O
response	O
to	O
the	O
control	O
measures	O
of	O
Toronto	O
Public	O
Health	O
,	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
persons	O
who	O
were	O
exposed	O
to	O
SARS	B-DISO
in	O
nonhospital	O
and	O
nonhousehold	O
settings	O
dropped	O
from	O
20	O
(	O
13	O
percent	O
)	O
before	O
the	O
control	O
measures	O
were	O
instituted	O
(	O
phase	O
1	O
)	O
to	O
0	O
afterward	O
(	O
phase	O
2	O
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Acute	B-DISO
polyneuropathy	I-DISO
and	O
encephalopathy	B-DISO
caused	O
by	O
arsenic	B-CHED
poisoning	O
].	O

Instead	O
of	O
chelating	B-PROC
therapy	O
patient	O
died	B-PROC
due	O
to	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
This	O
study	O
investigated	O
the	O
relationship	O
between	O
hospital	O
nurses	O
'	O
professional	O
care	O
obligation	O
,	O
their	O
attitudes	O
towards	O
SARS	O
infection	B-DISO
control	O
measures	O
,	O
whether	O
they	O
had	O
ever	O
cared	O
for	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
,	O
their	O
current	O
health	O
status	O
,	O
selected	O
demographic	O
characteristics	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
time	O
frame	O
of	O
the	O
data	O
collection	O
(	O
from	O
May	O
6	O
to	O
May	O
12	O
2003	O
during	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
epidemic	O
,	O
and	O
from	O
June	O
17	O
to	O
June	O
24	O
2003	O
after	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
epidemic	O
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Molecular	O
characterization	O
of	O
a	O
virulent	O
canine	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
BGF	O
strain	O
.	O

The	O
binding	B-FUNC
strength	O
of	O
each	O
of	O
the	O
X	O
(	O
j	O
)	O
reagents	B-CHED
to	O
each	O
other	O
is	O
measured	O
,	O
for	O
example	O
by	O
an	O
ELISA	O
assay	O
,	O
giving	O
an	O
N	O
x	O
N	O
matrix	O
K	O
.	O
The	O
matrix	O
K	O
is	O
used	O
to	O
define	O
another	O
set	O
of	O
N	O
reagents	B-CHED
called	O
Y	O
(	O
j	O
),	O
with	O
j	O
=	O
1	O
to	O
N	O
,	O
each	O
of	O
which	O
is	O
a	O
linear	O
combination	O
of	O
the	O
X	O
(	O
j	O
)	O
reagents	B-CHED
and	O
each	O
of	O
which	O
is	O
tailored	O
to	O
be	O
complementary	O
to	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
X	O
(	O
j	O
)	O
reagents	B-CHED
.	O

The	O
definition	O
of	O
these	O
axes	O
facilitates	O
proteomic	O
analysis	O
of	O
diverse	O
biological	O
samples	O
,	O
for	O
example	O
,	O
mixtures	O
of	O
proteins	B-CHED
such	O
as	O
serum	B-COMP
samples	O
or	O
T	O
cell	B-ANAT
extracts	I-ANAT
.	O

This	O
leads	O
to	O
methods	O
for	O
using	O
the	O
N	O
reagent	B-CHED
pairs	O
in	O
the	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
diseases	O
and	O
in	O
the	O
formulation	O
of	O
preventive	O
and	O
therapeutic	O
vaccines	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Despite	O
the	O
passing	O
of	O
more	O
than	O
a	O
year	O
since	O
the	O
first	O
outbreak	O
of	O
Severe	O
Acute	O
Respiratory	O
Syndrome	O
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
),	O
efficient	O
counter	B-CHED
-	O
measures	O
are	O
still	O
few	O
and	O
many	O
believe	O
that	O
reappearance	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
,	O
or	O
a	O
similar	O
disease	O
caused	O
by	O
a	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
,	O
is	O
not	O
unlikely	O
.	O

For	O
other	O
virus	B-SPEC
families	O
like	O
the	O
picornaviruses	B-SPEC
it	O
is	O
known	O
that	O
pathology	B-DISO
is	O
related	O
to	O
proteolytic	B-PROC
cleavage	B-PROC
of	O
host	B-COMP
proteins	B-CHED
by	O
viral	O
proteinases	O
.	O

Furthermore	O
,	O
several	O
studies	O
indicate	O
that	O
virus	B-SPEC
proliferation	B-DISO
can	O
be	O
arrested	B-DISO
using	O
specific	O
proteinase	B-PROC
inhibitors	B-CHED
supporting	O
the	O
belief	O
that	O
proteinases	O
are	O
indeed	O
important	O
during	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

Cleavage	B-PROC
sites	O
were	O
predicted	O
in	O
proteins	B-CHED
such	O
as	O
the	O
cystic	B-PROC
fibrosis	I-PROC
transmembrane	B-COMP
conductance	I-PROC
regulator	I-PROC
(	O
CFTR	B-PRGE
),	O
transcription	B-PROC
factors	O
CREB	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
RP	I-PRGE
and	O
OCT	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
,	O
and	O
components	O
of	O
the	O
ubiquitin	B-PROC
pathway	B-PROC
.	O

Cleavage	B-PROC
sites	O
were	O
predicted	O
in	O
proteins	B-CHED
such	O
as	O
the	O
cystic	B-PROC
fibrosis	I-PROC
transmembrane	B-COMP
conductance	I-PROC
regulator	I-PROC
(	O
CFTR	B-PRGE
),	O
transcription	B-PROC
factors	O
CREB	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
RP	I-PRGE
and	O
OCT	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
,	O
and	O
components	O
of	O
the	O
ubiquitin	B-PROC
pathway	B-PROC
.	O

None	O
of	O
the	O
discharged	O
survivors	O
required	O
continuation	O
of	O
oxygen	B-CHED
therapy	O
.	O

Her	O
CXR	O
showed	O
features	O
suggestive	O
of	O
pneumomediastinum	B-DISO
,	O
which	O
was	O
confirmed	O
by	O
high	O
-	O
resolution	O
CT	O
scan	O
of	O
the	O
thorax	B-ANAT
.	O

(	O
1	O
)	O
Chest	B-ANAT
X	O
-	O
ray	B-SPEC
image	O
:	O
among	O
45	O
cases	O
,	O
23	O
were	O
common	O
type	O
:	O
the	O
time	O
to	O
appearance	O
of	O
unilateral	O
patched	O
shadow	O
of	O
the	O
lung	B-ANAT
were	O
2	O
to	O
5	O
(	O
2	O
.	O
9	O
+/-	O

Noticeably	O
,	O
the	O
time	O
to	O
pan	B-COMP
-	O
consolidation	O
of	O
the	O
lung	B-ANAT
were	O
less	O
than	O
7	O
days	O
in	O
7	O
fatal	O
cases	O
.	O

Moreover	O
,	O
this	O
construct	O
significantly	O
reduced	O
the	O
plaque	B-DISO
formation	B-PROC
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
coronaviruses	O
in	O
Vero	O
-	O
E6	O
cells	B-COMP
.	O

Phylogeny	O
-	O
based	O
clustering	O
based	O
on	O
replicase	B-PRGE
genes	I-PRGE
was	O
identical	O
to	O
the	O
antigen	B-CHED
-	O
based	O
classification	O
of	O
coronaviruses	O
into	O
three	O
groups	O
.	O

A	O
number	O
of	O
monoclonal	O
antibodies	B-COMP
were	O
developed	O
against	O
the	O
fusion	O
protein	B-CHED
.	O

Using	O
a	O
panel	O
of	O
sera	B-COMP
collected	O
at	O
different	O
points	O
in	O
time	O
,	O
the	O
amount	O
of	O
circulating	O
N	B-PRGE
antigen	I-PRGE
was	O
found	O
to	O
peak	O
6	O
to	O
10	O
days	O
after	O
the	O
onset	O
of	O
symptoms	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
High	O
-	O
efficiency	O
detection	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
genetic	O
material	O
.	O

The	O
review	O
and	O
study	O
of	O
these	O
papers	O
'	O
headlines	O
highlight	O
the	O
intense	O
media	B-ANAT
coverage	O
given	O
in	O
the	O
French	O
press	O
primarily	O
from	O
April	O
to	O
May	O
2003	O
,	O
accompanied	O
by	O
an	O
evolution	B-PROC
of	O
the	O
themes	O
being	O
tackled	O
above	O
all	O
which	O
concerned	O
the	O
world	O
-	O
wide	O
alert	O
from	O
WHO	O
which	O
originally	O
comprised	O
the	O
countries	O
of	O
the	O
East	O
(	O
mainly	O
China	O
)	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
Canada	O
,	O
European	O
countries	O
(	O
including	O
France	O
)	O
and	O
finally	O
whose	O
scale	O
reached	O
that	O
of	O
global	O
proportions	O
.	O

Plasma	B-ANAT
was	O
harvested	O
for	O
detection	B-PROC
of	I-PROC
virus	I-PROC
load	O
,	O
cytokines	O
,	O
and	O
nitrite	B-CHED
/	O
nitrate	B-CHED
levels	O
,	O
and	O
blood	B-ANAT
leukocytes	I-ANAT
were	O
subjected	O
to	O
flow	O
cytometric	O
analysis	O
of	O
intracellular	B-COMP
mitogen	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
activated	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
kinases	I-PRGE
(	O
MAPKs	O
)	O
in	O
different	O
leukocytes	B-ANAT
.	O

Patients	O
with	O
SARS	B-DISO
had	O
significantly	O
higher	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
8	I-FUNC
levels	O
(	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
016	O
)	O
in	O
early	O
stage	O
,	O
and	O
higher	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
2	I-FUNC
levels	O
(	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
039	O
)	O
in	O
late	O
stage	O
than	O
normal	O
controls	O
.	O

In	O
contrast	O
,	O
TGF	O
-	O
beta	O
and	O
PGE	B-PRGE
(	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
)	I-PRGE
levels	O
were	O
significantly	O
elevated	O
in	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
complete	O
nucleotide	O
sequences	O
of	O
the	O
S1	O
and	O
N	O
genes	O
of	O
three	O
Japanese	O
and	O
one	O
Taiwanese	O
field	O
strains	O
of	O
IBV	B-SPEC
are	O
reported	O
.	O

Moreover	O
,	O
the	O
S1	O
proteins	B-CHED
of	O
all	O
these	O
Japanese	O
and	O
Taiwanese	O
strains	O
exhibit	O
only	O
a	O
limited	O
sequence	O
homology	O
to	O
strains	O
of	O
Massachusetts	O
and	O
Connecticut	O
serotypes	O
that	O
have	O
been	O
commonly	O
used	O
as	O
vaccine	O
strains	O
.	O

Furthermore	O
,	O
small	O
pneumothoraces	O
in	O
these	O
patients	O
can	O
cause	O
severe	O
hemodynamic	B-PROC
or	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
compromise	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Preparatory	O
guidelines	O
for	O
local	O
health	O
services	O
on	O
how	O
to	O
respond	O
to	O
new	O
cases	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)].	O

The	O
Trx	B-PRGE
-	O
S2	O
fusion	O
protein	B-CHED
was	O
expressed	B-PROC
in	O
E	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
coli	I-SPEC
.	O

The	O
fusion	O
protein	B-CHED
could	O
react	O
with	O
all	O
the	O
sera	B-COMP
from	O
convalescent	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
but	O
not	O
with	O
the	O
sera	B-COMP
from	O
healthy	O
donors	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
According	O
to	O
the	O
SDS	B-DISO
-	O
PAGE	O
analysis	O
,	O
the	O
relative	O
molecular	O
mass	O
(	O
M	O
(	O
r	O
))	O
of	O
the	O
Trx	O
-	O
S2	O
fusion	O
protein	O
is	O
about	O
76	O
x	O
10	O
(	O
3	O
).	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
explore	O
the	O
changes	O
of	O
peripheral	O
blood	O
T	B-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
subsets	I-ANAT
and	O
their	O
activated	O
molecules	O
in	O
convalescent	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
.	O

As	O
for	O
the	O
percentages	O
of	O
CD3	B-PRGE
(+),	O
CD8	B-PRGE
(+),	O
CD4	B-PRGE
(+)/	O
CD8	B-PRGE
(+),	O
CD3	B-PRGE
(+)	I-PRGE
CD25	I-PRGE
(+),	I-PRGE
CD3	B-PRGE
(+)	I-PRGE
CD69	I-PRGE
(+)	I-PRGE
and	O
CD3	B-PRGE
(+)	I-PRGE
HLA	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
DR	I-PRGE
(+)	O
T	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
,	O
there	O
was	O
marked	O
difference	O
between	O
1st	O
and	O
2nd	O
follow	O
-	O
up	O
results	O
,	O
but	O
for	O
other	O
molecules	O
there	O
was	O
no	O
notable	O
difference	O
.	O

Here	O
,	O
we	O
show	O
that	O
this	O
vaccine	O
,	O
when	O
administered	O
to	O
previously	O
sensitized	O
gilts	O
,	O
can	O
boost	O
neutralizing	O
antibody	B-COMP
levels	O
in	O
the	O
animals	B-SPEC
'	O
serum	B-COMP
,	O
colostrum	B-ANAT
and	O
milk	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
angiotensin	B-PRGE
converting	I-PRGE
enzyme	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
(	O
ACE2	B-PRGE
)	O
has	O
been	O
identified	O
as	O
a	O
receptor	O
for	O
the	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
associated	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
).	O

However	O
,	O
viral	B-PROC
protein	I-PROC
synthesis	I-PROC
was	O
not	O
affected	O
by	O
treatment	O
of	O
SB203580	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
A	O
novel	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
protein	B-CHED
,	O
U274	O
,	O
is	O
transported	O
to	O
the	O
cell	B-ANAT
surface	I-ANAT
and	O
undergoes	O
endocytosis	B-PATH
.	O

In	O
addition	O
,	O
this	O
genome	O
also	O
contains	O
nine	O
other	O
potential	O
ORFs	O
varying	O
in	O
length	O
from	O
39	O
to	O
274	O
amino	B-CHED
acids	I-CHED
.	O

Deletion	O
of	O
a	O
cytoplasmic	B-ANAT
domain	I-ANAT
of	O
U274	O
,	O
which	O
contains	O
Yxxphi	O
and	O
diacidic	O
motifs	O
,	O
abolished	O
its	O
transport	B-PROC
to	O
the	O
cell	B-COMP
surface	I-COMP
.	O

A	O
protein	B-CHED
fragment	O
(	O
S	O
-	O
II	O
)	O
containing	O
predicted	O
epitopes	O
of	O
the	O
spike	O
protein	B-CHED
was	O
expressed	B-PROC
in	O
Escherichia	B-SPEC
coli	I-SPEC
.	O

These	O
monoclonal	O
antibodies	B-COMP
were	O
capable	O
of	O
blocking	B-DISO
S	O
-	O
II	O
attachment	O
to	O
Vero	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
and	O
exhibited	O
in	O
vitro	O
antiviral	B-CHED
activity	O
.	O

To	O
investigate	O
SCoV	B-PRGE
S	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
,	O
full	O
-	O
length	O
and	O
individual	O
domains	O
of	O
S	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
were	O
expressed	B-PROC
on	O
the	O
surface	O
of	O
insect	B-SPEC
cells	B-COMP
and	O
were	O
characterized	O
for	O
cleavability	O
and	O
reactivity	O
with	O
serum	B-COMP
samples	O
obtained	O
from	O
patients	O
during	O
the	O
convalescent	O
phase	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
.	O

Recombinant	O
SCoV	O
S	O
protein	O
appears	O
to	O
be	O
a	O
suitable	O
antigen	B-CHED
for	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
an	O
efficient	O
and	O
sensitive	O
diagnostic	O
test	O
for	O
SARS	B-DISO
,	O
but	O
our	O
data	O
suggest	O
that	O
assay	O
format	O
and	O
choice	O
of	O
S	B-PRGE
antigen	I-PRGE
are	O
important	O
considerations	O
.	O

The	O
percentage	O
of	O
intrahepatic	O
NK1	B-PRGE
.	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
(+)	I-PRGE
T	I-PRGE
cell	I-PRGE
receptor	I-PRGE
(	O
TCR	B-COMP
)-	O
cells	B-COMP
did	O
not	O
increase	O
while	O
NK1	B-PRGE
.	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
(+)	I-PRGE
TCR	O
(	O
inter	O
)	O
cells	B-COMP
decreased	O
in	O
both	O
L2	O
-	O
MHV3	O
-	O
and	O
YAC	O
-	O
MHV3	O
-	O
infected	O
mice	B-SPEC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Impact	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
on	O
the	O
status	O
of	O
lung	B-DISO
cancer	B-SPEC
chemotherapy	O
patients	O
and	O
a	O
correlation	O
of	O
the	O
signs	O
and	O
symptoms	O
.	O

The	O
patients	O
filled	O
out	O
questionnaires	O
regarding	O
lung	B-DISO
cancer	B-SPEC
treatment	O
and	O
the	O
risk	O
of	O
getting	O
SARS	B-DISO
from	O
the	O
hospital	O
.	O

Twenty	O
-	O
one	O
patients	O
(	O
36	O
.	O
2	O
%)	O
felt	O
that	O
a	O
SARS	B-DISO
infection	B-DISO
was	O
more	O
severe	O
and	O
fatal	O
than	O
their	O
lung	B-DISO
cancer	B-SPEC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Misleading	O
chest	B-ANAT
radiography	O
in	O
a	O
patient	O
with	O
SARS	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
PiCCO	O
monitoring	O
of	O
4	O
critically	B-DISO
ill	I-DISO
patients	O
].	O

The	O
risks	O
and	O
complications	O
of	O
the	O
usual	O
method	O
of	O
monitoring	O
by	O
Swan	B-SPEC
-	O
Ganz	O
catheter	O
are	O
well	O
-	O
known	O
.	O

Six	O
others	O
,	O
with	O
different	O
working	O
patterns	O
,	O
indicated	O
that	O
they	O
did	O
not	O
have	O
contact	O
with	O
a	O
SARS	B-DISO
patient	O
.	O

Tracheal	B-ANAT
aspirate	I-ANAT
and	O
stool	B-ANAT
samples	O
had	O
a	O
higher	O
diagnostic	O
yield	O
(	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
average	O
positive	O
rate	O
for	O
first	O
2	O
weeks	O
:	O
66	O
.	O
7	O
%	O
and	O
56	O
.	O
5	O
%,	O
respectively	O
).	O

The	O
collection	O
procedures	O
for	O
stool	B-ANAT
and	O
pooled	O
nasal	B-ANAT
and	O
throat	B-ANAT
swab	I-ANAT
specimens	O
were	O
the	O
least	O
likely	O
to	O
transmit	O
infection	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
combination	O
gave	O
the	O
highest	O
yield	O
for	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
detection	O
by	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
This	O
study	O
found	O
infrequent	O
transmission	O
of	O
severe	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
to	O
healthcare	O
workers	O
involved	O
in	O
the	O
care	O
of	O
the	O
first	O
five	O
case	O
-	O
patients	O
in	O
Taiwan	O
,	O
despite	O
a	O
substantial	O
number	O
of	O
unprotected	O
exposures	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Inhibition	B-PROC
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
in	O
vitro	O
with	O
clinically	O
approved	O
antiviral	B-CHED
drugs	I-CHED
.	O

A	O
drug	O
-	O
screening	O
assay	O
that	O
scores	O
for	O
virus	B-SPEC
-	O
induced	O
cytopathic	B-DISO
effects	I-DISO
on	O
cultured	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
was	O
used	O
.	O

In	O
Hong	O
Kong	O
,	O
therefore	O
,	O
community	O
-	O
acquired	O
infection	O
did	O
not	O
make	O
up	O
most	O
transmissions	O
,	O
and	O
public	O
health	O
measures	O
have	O
contributed	O
substantially	O
to	O
the	O
control	O
of	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
epidemic	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Potential	O
targets	O
for	O
anti	O
-	O
SARS	B-DISO
drugs	O
in	O
the	O
structural	O
proteins	B-CHED
from	O
SARS	B-DISO
related	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Coronavirus	B-SPEC
replication	O
and	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
:	O
Implications	O
for	O
the	O
recent	O
outbreak	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
),	O
and	O
the	O
challenge	O
for	O
vaccine	O
development	B-PROC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
A	O
novel	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
has	O
been	O
recently	O
identified	O
as	O
the	O
causative	O
agent	O
of	O
the	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
outbreak	O
that	O
has	O
accounted	O
for	O
more	O
than	O
8000	O
infected	O
people	O
worldwide	O
.	O

A	O
total	O
of	O
1	O
,	O
454	O
clinically	O
confirmed	O
cases	O
(	O
and	O
55	O
deaths	B-PROC
)	O
occurred	O
;	O
the	O
epidemic	O
peak	O
was	O
in	O
the	O
first	O
week	O
of	O
February	O
2003	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
construct	O
an	O
expression	O
vector	O
pGEX	O
-	O
2T	O
/	O
N	O
,	O
and	O
to	O
express	O
the	O
fusion	O
protein	B-CHED
consisting	O
of	O
N	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
of	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
and	O
GST	B-PRGE
in	O
E	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
coli	I-SPEC
.	O

(	O
1	O
)	O
As	O
compared	O
with	O
the	O
sequences	O
in	O
GenBank	O
,	O
20	O
bp	O
were	O
deleted	O
in	O
DNA	O
sequence	O
of	O
the	O
cloned	O
N	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
report	O
the	O
incidence	O
of	O
avascular	O
osteonecrosis	O
(	O
AVN	O
)	O
in	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
patients	O
.	O

Sixty	O
-	O
seven	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
who	O
had	O
large	O
joint	B-DISO
pain	I-DISO
between	O
March	O
2003	O
and	O
May	O
2003	O
underwent	O
both	O
plain	O
radiographs	O
and	O
magnetic	O
resonance	O
imaging	O
(	O
MRI	O
)	O
examination	O
on	O
the	O
same	O
day	O
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
AVN	O
can	O
occur	O
in	O
the	O
patients	O
with	O
SARS	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
patient	O
had	O
previously	O
presented	O
to	O
the	O
emergency	B-DISO
department	O
with	O
multiple	O
fractures	O
and	O
hemodynamic	B-DISO
instability	I-DISO
sustained	O
in	O
a	O
motor	O
vehicle	O
accident	O
.	O

The	O
patient	O
was	O
returned	O
to	O
the	O
supine	O
position	O
,	O
but	O
despite	O
maneuvers	O
to	O
improve	O
oxygen	B-CHED
saturation	O
,	O
the	O
patient	O
'	O
s	O
saturation	O
remained	O
below	O
87	O
%	O
and	O
pulmonary	O
thromboembolism	O
was	O
suspected	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Childhood	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
,	O
coronavirus	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
and	O
asthma	B-PATH
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Contributions	O
of	O
the	O
structural	O
proteins	B-CHED
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
to	O
protective	O
immunity	O
.	O

This	O
vector	O
provided	O
direct	O
immunization	O
of	O
the	O
respiratory	B-ANAT
tract	I-ANAT
,	O
the	O
major	O
site	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
transmission	O
,	O
replication	O
,	O
and	O
disease	O
.	O

Immunization	O
with	O
BHPIV3	O
expressing	O
S	O
provided	O
complete	O
protection	O
against	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
challenge	O
in	O
the	O
lower	B-ANAT
respiratory	I-ANAT
tract	I-ANAT
and	O
partial	O
protection	O
in	O
the	O
upper	B-ANAT
respiratory	I-ANAT
tract	I-ANAT
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Cardiogenic	B-DISO
shock	I-DISO
associated	O
with	O
inappropriate	O
nutritional	O
regimen	O
:	O
refeeding	B-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
].	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Reviewed	O
are	O
the	O
clinical	O
features	O
and	O
outcome	O
of	O
12	O
chronic	O
dialysis	O
patients	O
(	O
six	O
men	O
)	O
who	O
contracted	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
compared	O
with	O
23	O
sex	O
-	O
and	O
age	O
-	O
matched	O
nonuremic	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
as	O
controls	O
.	O

Three	O
dialysis	B-SPEC
patients	O
had	O
persistent	O
positive	O
stool	B-ANAT
PCR	O
after	O
5	O
wk	O
,	O
whereas	O
all	O
nondialysis	O
patients	O
had	O
negative	O
stool	B-ANAT
PCR	O
after	O
1	O
wk	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Retrospective	O
comparison	O
of	O
convalescent	O
plasma	B-ANAT
with	O
continuing	O
high	O
-	O
dose	O
methylprednisolone	B-CHED
treatment	O
in	O
SARS	O
patients	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Inhibition	B-PROC
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
replication	O
by	O
niclosamide	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
SARS	B-DISO
in	O
newborns	O
and	O
children	O
.	O

Infants	O
born	O
to	O
pregnant	O
women	O
with	O
SARS	B-DISO
did	O
not	O
appear	O
to	O
acquire	O
the	O
infection	B-DISO
through	O
vertical	B-DISO
transmission	I-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Spontaneous	O
pneumomediastinum	B-DISO
in	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

The	O
objective	O
of	O
the	O
present	O
study	O
was	O
to	O
examine	O
the	O
incidence	O
,	O
risk	O
factors	O
and	O
the	O
outcomes	O
of	O
SP	O
in	O
a	O
cohort	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
victims	O
from	O
a	O
community	O
outbreak	O
.	O

Drainage	B-ANAT
was	O
required	O
in	O
five	O
cases	O
.	O

Chickens	B-SPEC
immunized	O
orally	B-ANAT
and	O
intramuscularly	O
with	O
transgenic	O
potato	B-SPEC
tubers	B-SPEC
expressing	O
S	O
protein	B-CHED
generated	O
the	O
detectable	O
levels	O
of	O
serum	B-PRGE
neutralizing	I-PRGE
antibodies	B-COMP
and	O
were	O
protected	O
against	O
the	O
challenge	O
with	O
the	O
virulent	O
IBV	B-SPEC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Mucosal	B-ANAT
immunisation	O
of	O
African	B-SPEC
green	I-SPEC
monkeys	I-SPEC
(	O
Cercopithecus	B-SPEC
aethiops	I-SPEC
)	O
with	O
an	O
attenuated	O
parainfluenza	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
expressing	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
spike	O
protein	B-CHED
for	O
the	O
prevention	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
outbreak	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
in	O
2002	O
was	O
caused	O
by	O
a	O
previously	O
unknown	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
-	O
SARS	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Characterization	O
of	O
a	O
unique	O
group	O
-	O
specific	O
protein	B-CHED
(	O
U122	O
)	O
of	O
the	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
.	O

U122	O
was	O
expressed	B-PROC
in	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
-	O
infected	O
Vero	O
E6	O
cells	B-COMP
,	O
as	O
it	O
could	O
be	O
detected	O
by	O
Western	O
blot	O
and	O
immunofluorescence	O
analyses	O
.	O

Mutational	O
analyses	O
showed	O
that	O
both	O
the	O
signal	O
peptide	B-CHED
sequence	O
and	O
ER	O
retrieval	O
motif	O
were	O
functional	O
.	O

A	O
viable	O
MHV	B-SPEC
-	O
SGFP	O
was	O
obtained	O
,	O
infection	B-DISO
by	O
which	O
could	O
be	O
visualized	O
by	O
the	O
fluorescence	O
induced	O
.	O

Probably	O
due	O
to	O
this	O
disadvantage	O
,	O
deletion	O
mutants	O
,	O
having	O
lost	B-CHED
the	O
foreign	O
sequences	O
,	O
rapidly	O
evolved	O
and	O
outcompeted	O
the	O
chimeric	O
viruses	B-SPEC
during	O
virus	B-SPEC
propagation	O
.	O

To	O
exploit	O
the	O
possibility	O
of	O
using	O
RNA	B-PROC
interference	I-PROC
as	O
a	O
therapeutic	O
approach	O
to	O
fight	O
the	O
disease	O
,	O
plasmid	O
-	O
mediated	O
small	O
interfering	O
RNAs	O
(	O
siRNAs	O
)	O
were	O
generated	O
to	O
target	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
genome	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Pumpless	O
extracorporeal	O
lung	B-ANAT
assist	O
using	O
arterio	B-ANAT
-	I-ANAT
venous	I-ANAT
shunt	O
in	O
severe	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

For	O
this	O
system	O
,	O
only	O
""""	O
low	O
dose	O
""""	O
continuous	O
heparin	B-CHED
infusion	O
is	O
required	O
.	O

The	O
mean	O
duration	O
of	O
pECLA	O
therapy	O
was	O
6	O
.	O
5	O
days	O
,	O
15	O
patients	O
(	O
50	O
%)	O
died	B-PROC
due	O
to	O
ARDS	B-DISO
or	O
non	O
-	O
ARDS	B-DISO
related	O
reasons	O
.	O

The	O
mean	O
duration	O
of	O
pECLA	O
therapy	O
was	O
6	O
.	O
5	O
days	O
,	O
15	O
patients	O
(	O
50	O
%)	O
died	B-PROC
due	O
to	O
ARDS	B-DISO
or	O
non	O
-	O
ARDS	B-DISO
related	O
reasons	O
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
pECLA	O
represents	O
a	O
feasable	O
and	O
effective	O
treatment	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

All	O
other	O
tissues	B-ANAT
and	O
cell	B-COMP
types	O
expressing	O
ACE2	B-PRGE
may	O
be	O
potential	O
targets	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
CoV	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
.	O

Moreover	O
,	O
the	O
interaction	O
between	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
and	O
the	O
immunological	O
or	O
lymphoid	B-ANAT
system	I-ANAT
remains	O
to	O
be	O
defined	O
.	O

Pharmacists	O
were	O
actively	O
involved	O
in	O
battling	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
crises	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
outbreak	O
of	O
severe	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
caused	O
a	O
severe	O
global	O
epidemic	O
in	O
2003	O
which	O
led	O
to	O
hundreds	O
of	O
deaths	B-PROC
and	O
many	O
thousands	O
of	O
hospitalizations	O
.	O

After	O
a	O
quiet	O
summer	O
and	O
fall	O
in	O
2003	O
,	O
the	O
newly	O
emerged	O
SARS	B-DISO
cases	O
in	O
Asia	O
,	O
particularly	O
the	O
latest	O
cases	O
in	O
China	O
,	O
are	O
reinforcing	O
a	O
wide	O
-	O
spread	O
belief	O
that	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
epidemic	O
would	O
strike	O
back	B-ANAT
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
This	O
study	O
aimed	O
to	O
examine	O
the	O
significance	O
of	O
interactions	O
between	O
Escherichia	B-SPEC
coli	I-SPEC
and	O
various	O
respiratory	O
pathogens	O
during	O
outbreaks	O
of	O
colibacillosis	B-DISO
-	O
associated	O
mortality	O
in	O
layer	B-ANAT
hen	O
flocks	O
under	O
field	O
conditions	O
.	O

The	O
study	O
failed	O
to	O
detect	O
any	O
consistent	O
interactions	O
between	O
E	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
coli	I-SPEC
and	O
the	O
aforementioned	O
pathogens	O
.	O

EE	O
indices	O
were	O
also	O
calculated	O
by	O
dividing	O
the	O
EE	O
ratios	O
of	O
inoculated	O
embryonated	O
chicken	B-SPEC
eggs	O
by	O
the	O
mean	O
EE	O
ratio	O
of	O
uninoculated	O
controls	O
,	O
or	O
in	O
the	O
case	O
of	O
virus	B-PROC
neutralization	I-PROC
tests	O
by	O
the	O
mean	O
EE	O
ratio	O
of	O
eggs	O
inoculated	O
with	O
virus	B-SPEC
alone	O
.	O

Although	O
this	O
mean	O
EE	O
index	O
did	O
not	O
reflect	O
the	O
dwarfing	O
(	O
or	O
lack	O
of	O
it	O
)	O
in	O
individual	O
eggs	O
,	O
it	O
served	O
as	O
a	O
group	O
indicator	B-CHED
.	O

The	O
cDNA	O
derived	O
by	O
reverse	B-PRGE
transcriptase	I-PRGE
-	O
polymerase	O
chain	O
reaction	O
was	O
cloned	O
and	O
sequenced	O
.	O

The	O
nucleotide	B-CHED
and	O
amino	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
sequence	O
of	O
S1	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
had	O
a	O
similar	O
degree	O
of	O
identity	O
(>	O
or	O
=	O
92	O
%)	O
among	O
the	O
five	O
Chinese	O
IBV	O
isolates	O
.	O

This	O
clearly	O
showed	O
that	O
the	O
five	O
Chinese	O
IBV	B-SPEC
isolates	O
comprised	O
a	O
separate	O
genotype	O
.	O

4	O
.	O
4	O
days	O
of	O
conventional	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
(	O
CMV	B-SPEC
).	O

Currently	O
,	O
no	O
effective	O
antiviral	B-CHED
agents	I-CHED
exist	O
against	O
this	O
type	O
of	O
virus	B-SPEC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
In	O
Singapore	O
,	O
of	O
236	O
patients	O
with	O
probable	O
severe	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
),	O
2	O
were	O
coinfected	O
with	O
tuberculosis	B-PATH
,	O
a	O
phenomenon	O
not	O
previously	O
reported	O
.	O

Horse	B-SPEC
polyclonal	O
antibody	B-COMP
against	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
was	O
bound	O
onto	O
the	O
PZ	O
crystal	B-ANAT
surface	O
in	O
an	O
ordered	O
orientation	O
through	O
protein	B-CHED
A	O
.	O
The	O
antigen	B-CHED
sample	O
was	O
atomized	O
into	O
aerosol	O
by	O
an	O
ultrasonator	O
,	O
by	O
which	O
the	O
antibody	B-COMP
on	O
the	O
crystal	B-ANAT
could	O
specifically	O
adsorb	O
SARS	B-PRGE
antigen	B-CHED
and	O
the	O
changed	O
mass	O
of	O
crystal	B-ANAT
would	O
lead	O
a	O
frequency	O
shift	O
.	O

Compared	O
with	O
IBV	B-SPEC
strains	O
from	O
GenBank	O
,	O
the	O
nucleotide	B-CHED
and	O
deduced	O
amino	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
sequence	O
of	O
S1	B-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
of	O
the	O
isolate	O
SC021202	O
shared	O
60	O
.	O
0	O
-	O
91	O
.	O
4	O
%	O
and	O
49	O
.	O
1	O
-	O
88	O
.	O
9	O
%	O
identities	O
,	O
respectively	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
What	O
do	O
we	O
do	O
with	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
reports	O
?	O

One	O
week	O
after	O
the	O
second	O
immunization	O
,	O
mice	B-SPEC
sera	B-COMP
were	O
collected	O
to	O
detect	O
serum	B-PRGE
neutralizing	I-PRGE
antibodies	B-COMP
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
investigate	O
the	O
possible	O
risk	O
factors	O
of	O
severe	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
syndromes	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
infection	B-DISO
in	O
workers	O
from	O
animal	B-SPEC
markets	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Comparison	O
among	O
four	O
kits	O
in	O
detection	O
of	O
anti	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
SARS	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
IgG	I-PRGE
in	O
sera	B-COMP
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
].	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
compare	O
the	O
sensitivity	O
and	O
specificity	O
of	O
four	O
kits	O
for	O
detection	O
of	O
anti	O
-	O
severe	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)-	O
CoV	O
IgG	B-PRGE
in	O
sera	B-COMP
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
.	O

The	O
anti	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
SARS	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
IgG	I-PRGE
was	O
first	O
determined	O
in	O
sera	B-COMP
on	O
the	O
9th	O
day	O
by	O
Euroimmun	O
IFA	O
,	O
12th	O
day	O
by	O
EIA	B-DISO
No	O
.	O
B	O
,	O
13th	O
day	O
by	O
Australian	O
IFA	O
,	O
and	O
16th	O
day	O
by	O
EIA	B-PRGE
No	I-PRGE
.	I-PRGE
A	I-PRGE
.	O
The	O
positive	O
rates	O
of	O
antibody	B-COMP
on	O
the	O
3rd	O
week	O
after	O
onset	O
were	O
84	O
.	O
2	O
%	O
(	O
16	O
/	O
19	O
),	O
94	O
.	O
7	O
%	O
(	O
18	O
/	O
19	O
),	O
78	O
.	O
9	O
%	O
(	O
15	O
/	O
19	O
)	O
and	O
52	O
.	O
6	O
%	O
(	O
10	O
/	O
19	O
)	O
respectively	O
.	O

Among	O
3405	O
subjects	O
interviewed	O
,	O
more	O
than	O
95	O
%	O
gave	O
right	O
answers	O
on	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
related	O
questions	O
.	O

All	O
hospitals	O
having	O
received	O
SARS	B-DISO
inpatients	O
were	O
involved	O
in	O
the	O
project	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
The	O
database	O
involved	O
2148	O
probable	O
SARS	B-DISO
cases	O
in	O
accordant	O
with	O
the	O
clinical	O
diagnosis	O
criteria	O
,	O
including	O
1291	O
with	O
complete	O
records	O
.	O

METHODS	O
:	O
1291	O
hospital	O
records	O
of	O
clinically	O
diagnosed	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
with	O
complete	O
data	O
gathered	O
from	O
""""	O
2003	O
Beijing	O
SARS	B-DISO
Clinical	O
Database	O
""""	O
were	O
analyzed	O
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
Delayed	O
hospitalization	O
would	O
cause	O
the	O
situation	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
patient	O
to	O
deteriorate	O
,	O
losing	O
the	O
best	O
chance	O
for	O
treatment	O
and	O
increase	O
case	O
fatality	O
.	O

The	O
average	O
medical	O
cost	O
per	O
person	O
/	O
day	O
was	O
calculated	O
on	O
1272	O
SARS	B-DISO
cases	O
with	O
complete	O
hospitalization	O
data	O
from	O
the	O
Beijing	O
SARS	B-DISO
clinical	O
database	O
.	O

The	O
medical	O
expenditure	O
on	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
at	O
the	O
hospital	O
was	O
higher	O
than	O
that	O
on	O
patients	O
with	O
common	O
diseases	O
which	O
was	O
associated	O
to	O
the	O
following	O
factors	O
as	O
:	O
days	O
of	O
hospitalization	O
,	O
severity	O
of	O
disease	O
,	O
stage	O
of	O
the	O
disease	O
break	O
-	O
out	O
,	O
patient	O
'	O
s	O
occupation	O
,	O
baseline	O
disease	O
status	O
,	O
medical	O
insurance	O
status	O
etc	O
.	O

The	O
most	O
prevalent	O
APN	O
variations	O
in	O
this	O
population	O
(	O
C956T	O
leading	O
to	O
an	O
alanine	B-CHED
to	O
valine	B-CHED
substitution	O
,	O
G978T	O
,	O
G987A	O
and	O
intron3	O
-	O
C389T	O
)	O
always	O
occurred	O
together	O
at	O
an	O
allele	O
frequency	O
of	O
8	O
.	O
5	O
%.	O

Three	O
polymorphisms	B-PROC
in	O
intron	O
3	O
,	O
intron3	O
-	O
G395C	O
,	O
intron3	O
-	O
C86T	O
,	O
and	O
intron3	O
-	O
C429T	O
,	O
were	O
identified	O
with	O
an	O
allele	O
frequency	O
of	O
3	O
.	O
5	O
%,	O
1	O
%	O
and	O
0	O
.	O
5	O
%	O
respectively	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Development	B-PROC
and	O
evaluation	O
of	O
an	O
efficient	O
3	O
'-	O
noncoding	O
region	O
based	O
SARS	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
)	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
assay	O
for	O
detection	O
of	O
SARS	O
-	O
CoV	O
infections	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
ideal	O
amplification	B-DISO
efficiency	O
of	O
a	O
sensitive	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
assay	O
should	O
yield	O
an	O
E	O
value	O
(	O
PCR	O
product	O
concentration	O
increase	O
per	O
amplification	B-DISO
cycle	O
)	O
equal	O
to	O
2	O
.	O
0	O
.	O

The	O
assay	O
'	O
s	O
detection	O
sensitivity	O
could	O
reach	B-PROC
0	O
.	O
005	O
pfu	B-CHED
or	O
6	O
-	O
8	O
GE	O
per	O
assay	O
.	O

The	O
utility	O
of	O
these	O
mAbs	O
for	O
diagnostic	O
development	B-PROC
is	O
demonstrated	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Sequence	O
comparison	O
of	O
the	O
ORF	O
7	O
region	O
of	O
transmissible	O
gastroenteritis	B-DISO
viruses	B-SPEC
isolated	O
in	O
Japan	O
.	O

Nine	O
Japanese	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
strains	O
have	O
been	O
isolated	O
over	O
the	O
past	O
40	O
years	O
(	O
1956	O
-	O
1997	O
).	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
An	O
international	O
outbreak	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
,	O
a	O
recently	O
recognized	O
syndrome	B-DISO
caused	O
by	O
the	O
newly	O
identified	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
-	O
associated	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
,	O
began	O
in	O
November	O
2002	O
and	O
ended	O
in	O
July	O
2003	O
.	O

Insights	O
into	O
the	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
have	O
been	O
made	O
:	O
one	O
study	O
suggests	O
that	O
human	B-PRGE
leukocyte	B-ANAT
antigen	B-CHED
HLA	B-ANAT
-	O
B	O
*	O
4601	O
is	O
a	O
possible	O
risk	O
factor	O
for	O
more	O
severe	O
disease	O
,	O
while	O
another	O
identifies	O
angiotensin	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
converting	I-PRGE
enzyme	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
as	O
a	O
cellular	B-COMP
receptor	O
for	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
-	O
associated	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Recovery	O
from	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
in	O
survivors	O
of	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
:	O
difference	O
between	O
pulmonary	O
and	O
extrapulmonary	O
subtypes	O
.	O

In	O
an	O
evaluation	O
of	O
clinical	O
specimens	O
from	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
,	O
34	O
(	O
52	O
%)	O
of	O
66	O
nasopharyngeal	B-ANAT
aspirate	I-ANAT
samples	O
from	O
50	O
patients	O
,	O
5	O
(	O
5	O
%)	O
of	O
94	O
urine	B-ANAT
samples	O
from	O
94	O
patients	O
,	O
and	O
36	O
(	O
55	O
%)	O
of	O
65	O
fecal	B-ANAT
samples	O
from	O
65	O
patients	O
tested	O
positive	O
for	O
SARS	B-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
nucleocapsid	B-COMP
protein	B-CHED
.	O

VeroE6	O
cells	B-COMP
,	O
fetal	B-ANAT
rhesus	B-SPEC
monkey	I-SPEC
kidney	B-ANAT
cells	B-COMP
,	O
and	O
human	B-SPEC
peripheral	B-ANAT
blood	I-ANAT
mononuclear	I-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
were	O
the	O
only	O
cells	B-COMP
known	O
to	O
be	O
susceptible	O
to	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
.	O
We	O
developed	O
a	O
multiplex	O
reverse	B-PROC
transcription	I-PROC
-	O
PCR	O
assay	O
to	O
analyze	O
the	O
susceptibility	O
of	O
cells	B-COMP
derived	O
from	O
a	O
variety	O
of	O
tissues	B-ANAT
and	O
species	B-SPEC
to	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
.	O
Additionally	O
,	O
productive	O
infection	B-DISO
was	O
determined	O
by	O
titration	O
of	O
cellular	B-COMP
supernatants	O
.	O

Mv1Lu	O
cells	B-COMP
produce	O
little	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
compared	O
to	O
that	O
produced	O
by	O
VeroE6	O
cells	B-COMP
,	O
which	O
indicates	O
that	O
they	O
are	O
a	O
safer	O
alternative	O
for	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
diagnostics	O
.	O

Evaluation	O
of	O
cells	B-COMP
permissive	O
to	O
other	O
coronaviruses	O
indicated	O
that	O
these	O
cell	B-COMP
types	O
are	O
not	O
infected	O
by	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
,	O
providing	O
additional	O
evidence	O
that	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
binds	B-FUNC
an	O
alternative	O
receptor	O
.	O

Analysis	O
of	O
human	B-SPEC
cells	B-COMP
derived	O
from	O
lung	B-ANAT
,	O
kidney	B-ANAT
,	O
liver	B-ANAT
,	O
and	O
intestine	B-ANAT
led	O
to	O
the	O
discovery	O
that	O
human	B-SPEC
cell	B-ANAT
lines	I-ANAT
were	O
productively	O
infected	O
by	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
.	O
This	O
study	O
identifies	O
new	O
cell	B-ANAT
lines	I-ANAT
that	O
may	O
be	O
used	O
for	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
diagnostics	O
and	O
/	O
or	O
basic	O
research	O
.	O

Our	O
data	O
and	O
other	O
in	O
vivo	O
studies	O
indicate	O
that	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
has	O
a	O
wide	O
host	B-COMP
range	O
,	O
suggesting	O
that	O
the	O
cellular	B-COMP
receptor	O
(	O
s	O
)	O
utilized	O
by	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
is	O
highly	O
conserved	O
and	O
is	O
expressed	B-PROC
by	O
a	O
variety	O
of	O
tissues	B-ANAT
.	O

Comparing	O
these	O
nucleotide	B-CHED
sequences	O
to	O
DNA	O
databank	O
entries	O
(	O
National	O
Institutes	O
of	O
Health	O
)	O
conclusively	O
identified	O
them	O
as	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
sequences	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Association	O
of	O
human	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
leukocyte	B-ANAT
-	I-PRGE
antigen	B-CHED
class	B-SPEC
I	O
(	O
B	O
*	O
0703	O
)	O
and	O
class	B-SPEC
II	O
(	O
DRB1	O
*	O
0301	O
)	O
genotypes	O
with	O
susceptibility	O
and	O
resistance	O
to	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

Also	O
discussed	O
are	O
related	O
guidelines	O
from	O
building	O
and	O
equipment	O
professional	O
organizations	O
and	O
novel	O
infection	B-DISO
control	O
techniques	O
used	O
successfully	O
by	O
various	O
hospitals	O
in	O
Asia	O
,	O
Canada	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
United	O
States	O
during	O
the	O
2003	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
epidemic	O
.	O

These	O
results	O
show	O
that	O
it	O
is	O
possible	O
to	O
interrogate	O
the	O
memory	B-PROC
repertoire	O
of	O
immune	O
donors	O
to	O
rapidly	O
and	O
efficiently	O
isolate	O
neutralizing	O
antibodies	B-COMP
that	O
have	O
been	O
selected	O
in	O
the	O
course	O
of	O
natural	O
infection	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Uncertain	O
benefit	O
:	O
the	O
public	O
policy	O
of	O
approving	O
smallpox	B-DISO
vaccine	O
research	O
.	O

This	O
model	O
for	O
review	O
of	O
pediatric	O
research	O
that	O
may	O
be	O
without	O
benefit	O
will	O
be	O
especially	O
important	O
as	O
challenging	O
studies	O
of	O
various	O
vaccines	O
against	O
a	O
range	O
of	O
infectious	B-DISO
properties	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
anthrax	B-DISO
and	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
),	O
emerge	O
.	O

We	O
hypothesized	O
that	O
structural	O
changes	O
of	O
the	O
lung	B-ANAT
might	O
correlate	O
with	O
symptoms	O
and	O
pulmonary	B-PROC
function	I-PROC
.	O

Compared	O
with	O
the	O
GGO	O
group	O
,	O
the	O
GGO	O
+	O
F	O
group	O
showed	O
significantly	O
lower	O
FEV	B-SPEC
(	O
1	O
),	O
FVC	B-PROC
,	O
total	O
lung	B-PROC
capacity	I-PROC
,	O
residual	O
volume	O
,	O
and	O
DLCO	O
.	O

Compared	O
with	O
the	O
GGO	O
group	O
,	O
the	O
GGO	O
+	O
F	O
group	O
showed	O
significantly	O
lower	O
FEV	B-SPEC
(	O
1	O
),	O
FVC	B-PROC
,	O
total	O
lung	B-PROC
capacity	I-PROC
,	O
residual	O
volume	O
,	O
and	O
DLCO	O
.	O

Comparative	O
study	O
was	O
conducted	O
in	O
133	O
SARS	B-DISO
inpatients	O
in	O
Beijing	O
Ditan	B-CHED
Hospital	O
,	O
who	O
were	O
divided	O
into	O
3	O
groups	O
according	O
to	O
the	O
treatment	O
applied	O
,	O
the	O
basic	O
treated	O
group	O
,	O
the	O
low	O
dose	O
steroid	B-CHED
group	O
and	O
the	O
high	O
dose	O
steroid	B-CHED
group	O
,	O
and	O
all	O
the	O
3	O
groups	O
were	O
subdivided	O
into	O
two	O
groups	O
,	O
Chinese	O
herbs	O
and	O
non	O
-	O
Chinese	O
herbs	O
added	O
,	O
respectively	O
.	O

Retrospective	O
analysis	O
for	O
significance	O
test	O
on	O
changes	O
of	O
T	B-ANAT
-	I-ANAT
lymphocyte	I-ANAT
subsets	I-ANAT
before	O
and	O
after	O
treatment	O
were	O
carried	O
out	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
case	O
of	O
a	O
72	O
-	O
year	O
-	O
old	O
woman	O
with	O
probable	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
is	O
reported	O
.	O

The	O
causative	O
agent	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
is	O
a	O
novel	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
).	O

The	O
receptor	O
for	O
group	O
I	O
and	O
III	O
CoV	O
is	O
aminopeptidase	O
N	O
(	O
CD13	B-PRGE
).	O

CD13	B-PRGE
has	O
been	O
identified	O
in	O
human	B-PRGE
bone	B-ANAT
marrow	I-ANAT
CD34	I-PRGE
+	I-PRGE
cells	B-COMP
,	O
platelets	B-ANAT
,	O
megakaryocytes	B-ANAT
,	O
myeloid	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
,	O
and	O
erythroid	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
,	O
but	O
not	O
in	O
lymphocytes	B-ANAT
.	O

CD66a	B-PRGE
is	O
an	O
adhesion	B-DISO
molecule	O
expressed	B-PROC
on	O
bone	B-ANAT
marrow	I-ANAT
CD34	O
+	O
cells	B-COMP
,	O
platelets	B-ANAT
,	O
granulocytes	B-ANAT
and	O
activated	O
lymphocytes	B-ANAT
.	O

The	O
optical	O
density	O
value	O
of	O
the	O
immunological	O
reaction	O
of	O
synthesized	O
8	O
peptides	B-CHED
with	O
SARS	B-DISO
patient	O
serum	B-COMP
was	O
1	O
.	O
5	O
-	O
2	O
.	O
6	O
times	O
higher	O
than	O
that	O
with	O
normal	O
serum	B-COMP
.	O

The	O
8	O
peptides	B-CHED
from	O
S1	O
domain	O
of	O
S	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
appear	O
to	O
have	O
low	O
immunogenicity	O
to	O
the	O
serum	B-COMP
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
,	O
indicating	O
that	O
these	O
peptides	B-CHED
may	O
not	O
be	O
the	O
epitope	B-CHED
of	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
Cov	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
The	O
optical	O
density	O
value	O
of	O
the	O
immunological	O
reaction	O
of	O
synthesized	O
8	O
peptides	B-CHED
with	O
SARS	B-DISO
patient	O
serum	B-COMP
was	O
1	O
.	O
5	O
-	O
2	O
.	O
6	O
times	O
higher	O
than	O
that	O
with	O
normal	O
serum	O
.	O

Being	O
a	O
cell	B-ANAT
line	I-ANAT
of	O
human	B-SPEC
origin	O
,	O
LoVo	O
cells	B-COMP
could	O
be	O
a	O
useful	O
in	O
vitro	O
model	O
for	O
studying	O
the	O
biology	O
and	O
persistent	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
.	O
Our	O
results	O
on	O
the	O
expression	B-PROC
of	O
angiotensin	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
converting	I-PRGE
enzyme	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
(	O
ACE2	B-PRGE
),	O
a	O
recently	O
identified	O
cellular	B-COMP
receptor	O
for	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
,	O
in	O
these	O
cell	B-ANAT
lines	I-ANAT
indicated	O
that	O
it	O
might	O
not	O
be	O
the	O
sole	B-ANAT
determinant	O
for	O
cells	B-COMP
to	O
be	O
susceptible	O
to	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
CoV	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
.	O

The	O
test	O
was	O
specific	O
(	O
77	O
-	O
98	O
%)	O
for	O
all	O
specimen	O
types	O
for	O
influenza	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
A	O
and	O
B	O
,	O
depending	O
upon	O
incubation	O
conditions	O
.	O

A	O
positive	O
test	O
is	O
useful	O
,	O
for	O
both	O
directing	O
initiation	O
of	O
therapy	O
in	O
the	O
clinician	O
'	O
s	O
office	O
,	O
and	O
making	O
a	O
positive	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
influenza	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
influenza	B-DISO
-	O
like	O
clinical	O
syndromes	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Epidemiology	O
and	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
respiratory	O
syncitial	O
virus	B-SPEC
in	O
adults	O
].	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Respiratory	B-SPEC
syncytial	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
RSV	B-SPEC
)	O
is	O
rarely	O
searched	O
for	O
in	O
respiratory	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
in	O
adults	O
.	O

Finally	O
,	O
in	O
the	O
51	O
acute	O
pneumonias	B-DISO
hospitalised	O
with	O
respiratory	B-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
,	O
a	O
virus	B-SPEC
was	O
identified	O
in	O
17	O
(	O
33	O
.	O
3	O
%)	O
cases	O
,	O
including	O
3	O
(	O
5	O
.	O
5	O
%)	O
RSV	B-SPEC
,	O
6	O
influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
,	O
3	O
rhinovirus	B-SPEC
,	O
2	O
adenovirus	B-DISO
,	O
2	O
herpes	B-SPEC
simplex	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
and	O
1	O
cytomegalovirus	B-SPEC
.	O

It	O
can	O
sometimes	O
cause	O
lower	B-ANAT
respiratory	I-ANAT
tract	I-ANAT
illness	O
,	O
which	O
can	O
be	O
severe	O
,	O
and	O
should	O
be	O
considered	O
in	O
the	O
differential	O
diagnosis	O
in	O
such	O
cases	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Development	B-PROC
of	O
a	O
safe	O
neutralization	O
assay	O
for	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
and	O
characterization	O
of	O
S	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
glycoprotein	B-CHED
.	O

The	O
protein	B-CHED
is	O
glycosylated	O
with	O
high	O
mannose	B-CHED
and	O
/	O
or	O
hybrid	O
oligosaccharides	B-CHED
,	O
which	O
account	O
for	O
approximately	O
30	O
kDa	O
of	O
the	O
apparent	O
protein	B-CHED
mass	O
.	O

To	O
facilitate	O
quantifying	O
pseudovirus	O
-	O
infected	O
cells	B-COMP
,	O
which	O
are	O
stained	O
blue	O
with	O
X	O
-	O
Gal	B-CHED
,	O
we	O
devised	O
an	O
automated	O
procedure	O
using	O
an	O
ELISPOT	O
analyzer	O
.	O

The	O
analysis	O
of	O
proteins	B-CHED
E6	O
and	O
E7	O
showed	O
that	O
ANN	O
models	O
appear	O
to	O
be	O
more	O
accurate	O
for	O
prediction	O
of	O
HLA	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
A3	I-PRGE
hot	B-DISO
spots	I-DISO
and	O
HMM	B-CHED
models	O
for	O
HLA	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
A2	I-PRGE
predictions	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Our	O
predictions	O
against	O
experimental	O
data	O
from	O
four	O
melanoma	B-PATH
-	O
related	O
proteins	B-CHED
showed	O
that	O
MULTIPRED	O
ANN	O
and	O
HMM	B-CHED
models	O
could	O
predict	O
T	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
cell	I-PRGE
epitopes	I-PRGE
with	O
high	O
accuracy	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
effects	O
of	O
the	O
outbreak	O
of	O
severe	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
on	O
the	O
Singapore	O
General	O
Hospital	O
'	O
s	O
Department	O
of	O
Anaesthesia	B-DISO
are	O
described	O
.	O

Anaesthetists	O
were	O
at	O
risk	O
and	O
anaesthetic	B-CHED
practice	O
had	O
to	O
change	O
in	O
view	O
of	O
strict	O
infection	B-DISO
control	O
provisions	O
.	O

Protease	B-PROC
inhibitors	I-PROC
(	O
lopinavir	O
/	O
ritonavir	B-CHED
)	O
in	O
combination	O
with	O
ribavirin	B-CHED
may	O
play	O
a	O
role	O
as	O
antiviral	B-CHED
therapy	O
in	O
the	O
early	O
phase	O
,	O
whereas	O
the	O
role	O
of	O
IFN	B-PRGE
and	O
systemic	O
steroid	B-CHED
in	O
preventing	O
immune	O
-	O
mediated	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
deserves	O
further	O
investigation	O
.	O

In	O
addition	O
,	O
other	O
antiviral	B-CHED
treatment	O
,	O
RNA	B-PROC
interference	I-PROC
,	O
monoclonal	O
antibody	B-COMP
,	O
synthetic	O
peptides	B-CHED
,	O
and	O
vaccines	O
are	O
being	O
developed	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
detect	O
the	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
RNA	O
in	O
excreta	O
and	O
oropharyngeal	B-ANAT
washing	O
fluid	O
(	O
OWF	O
)	O
from	O
the	O
convalescence	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
,	O
and	O
to	O
determine	O
whether	O
convalescence	O
patients	O
carry	O
the	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
,	O
and	O
whether	O
having	O
infectivity	O
.	O

About	O
10	O
%	O
convalescence	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
might	O
still	O
carry	O
the	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
in	O
hospitalization	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
temperature	O
monitoring	O
procedures	O
have	O
a	O
powerful	O
psychological	B-DISO
effect	O
of	O
reassuring	O
parents	O
and	O
the	O
public	O
that	O
schools	O
are	O
safe	O
during	O
a	O
SARS	B-DISO
outbreak	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
determine	O
the	O
clinical	O
presentation	O
,	O
findings	O
,	O
and	O
outcomes	O
of	O
older	O
adults	O
(>	O
60	O
)	O
with	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
and	O
compare	O
these	O
with	O
a	O
control	O
group	O
of	O
younger	O
patients	O
(<	O
or	O
or	O
=	O
60	O
).	O

Fever	B-PROC
,	O
chills	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
diarrhea	B-DISO
were	O
more	O
common	O
in	O
younger	O
patients	O
,	O
whereas	O
decrease	B-DISO
in	I-DISO
appetite	I-DISO
and	O
general	O
condition	B-DISO
occurred	O
only	O
in	O
older	O
patients	O
.	O

The	O
cumulative	O
30	O
-	O
and	O
150	O
-	O
day	O
mortality	O
rates	O
were	O
3	O
.	O
8	O
%	O
and	O
7	O
.	O
6	O
%,	O
respectively	O
,	O
in	O
young	O
patients	O
with	O
SARS	B-DISO
and	O
56	O
%	O
and	O
60	O
%,	O
respectively	O
,	O
in	O
older	O
patients	O
(	O
P	O
<.	O
001	O
).	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
Older	O
patients	O
with	O
SARS	B-DISO
more	O
often	O
presented	O
with	O
nonspecific	O
symptoms	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
prognosis	O
was	O
poor	O
.	O

Until	O
reliable	O
diagnostic	O
tests	O
,	O
vaccine	O
and	O
medications	O
are	O
available	O
,	O
control	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
outbreaks	O
depends	O
on	O
close	O
surveillance	O
,	O
early	O
identification	O
of	O
index	O
cases	O
,	O
quick	O
isolation	O
of	O
carriers	O
and	O
effective	O
infection	B-DISO
control	O
and	O
public	O
health	O
measures	O
.	O

In	O
conclusion	O
,	O
B	B-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
epitopes	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
corresponded	O
to	O
novel	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
.	O

The	O
method	O
is	O
based	O
on	O
counting	O
the	O
appearance	O
frequency	O
of	O
oligopeptides	B-CHED
of	O
a	O
fixed	B-ANAT
length	O
(	O
up	O
to	O
K	O
=	O
6	O
)	O
in	O
the	O
collection	O
of	O
protein	B-CHED
sequences	O
of	O
a	O
species	B-SPEC
.	O

16	O
.	O
6	O
;	O
P	O
=.	O
002	O
)	O
and	O
had	O
higher	O
frequency	O
of	O
comorbid	O
lung	B-ANAT
illnesses	O
(	O
nine	O
of	O
20	O
vs	O
two	O
of	O
32	O
,	O
P	O
=.	O
001	O
),	O
maximal	O
lesion	O
extent	O
score	O
of	O
7	O
or	O
higher	O
(	O
20	O
of	O
20	O
vs	O
five	O
of	O
32	O
,	O
P	O
<.	O
001	O
),	O
involvement	O
of	O
four	O
or	O
more	O
lung	B-ANAT
zones	O
(	O
17	O
of	O
20	O
vs	O
four	O
of	O
32	O
,	O
P	O
<.	O
001	O
),	O
bilateral	O
lung	B-ANAT
involvement	O
(	O
19	O
of	O
20	O
vs	O
14	O
of	O
32	O
,	O
P	O
<.	O
001	O
),	O
need	O
for	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
(	O
18	O
of	O
20	O
vs	O
two	O
of	O
32	O
,	O
P	O
<.	O
001	O
),	O
and	O
higher	O
percentage	O
of	O
affected	O
areas	O
(	O
41	O
.	O
5	O
%	O
+/-	O

On	O
chest	B-ANAT
radiographs	O
,	O
maximal	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
related	O
lesion	O
extent	O
score	O
of	O
7	O
or	O
higher	O
is	O
a	O
strong	O
predictor	O
of	O
mortality	O
,	O
especially	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
comorbid	O
lung	B-ANAT
illnesses	O
and	O
involvement	O
of	O
four	O
or	O
more	O
lung	B-ANAT
zones	O
.	O

Although	O
56	O
%	O
of	O
respondents	O
replied	O
that	O
they	O
could	O
continue	O
to	O
visit	O
the	O
department	O
if	O
a	O
SARS	B-DISO
patient	O
was	O
admitted	O
to	O
the	O
unit	O
in	O
the	O
hospital	O
before	O
they	O
read	O
the	O
information	O
,	O
the	O
proportion	O
of	O
those	O
who	O
intended	O
to	O
continue	O
outpatient	O
care	O
significantly	O
increased	O
by	O
15	O
%	O
after	O
they	O
read	O
it	O
.	O

Severe	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
Pa	O
(	O
o	O
(	O
2	O
))/	O
Fi	O
(	O
o	O
(	O
2	O
))	O
ratio	O
10	O
.	O
7	O
kPa	O
)	O
developed	O
within	O
24	O
h	O
.	O
Conventional	O
pressure	O
-	O
controlled	O
ventilation	O
(	O
PCV	B-CHED
)	O
with	O
high	O
airway	B-ANAT
pressures	O
and	O
low	O
tidal	O
volumes	O
failed	O
to	O
improve	O
oxygenation	B-PROC
.	O

Stepwise	O
reduction	O
of	O
the	O
mean	O
airway	B-ANAT
pressure	O
(	O
26	O
cm	O
H	O
(	O
2	O
)	O
O	O
),	O
and	O
oscillating	O
frequencies	O
(	O
3	O
.	O
5	O
Hz	O
),	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
increasing	O
the	O
oscillating	O
amplitudes	O
(	O
95	O
cm	O
H	O
(	O
2	O
)	O
O	O
)	O
resulted	O
in	O
an	O
unchanged	O
Pa	O
(	O
co	O
(	O
2	O
)),	O
but	O
oxygenation	B-PROC
worsened	O
.	O

A	O
case	O
or	O
suspected	O
case	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
may	O
thus	O
unwillingly	O
be	O
treated	O
at	O
the	O
dental	O
office	O
.	O

It	O
is	O
therefore	O
necessary	O
to	O
adopt	O
protective	O
measures	O
for	O
the	O
dental	O
personnel	O
and	O
to	O
implement	O
and	O
enforce	O
infection	O
control	O
measures	O
in	O
order	B-SPEC
to	O
eliminate	O
the	O
risk	O
of	O
viral	O
contamination	O
.	O

Blood	B-ANAT
-	O
borne	O
contamination	O
may	O
be	O
achieved	O
only	O
by	O
adopting	O
a	O
high	O
level	O
,	O
between	O
-	O
patients	O
disinfection	O
protocol	O
of	O
the	O
DUWLs	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
chemical	O
agents	O
with	O
biocidal	O
activity	O
against	O
spores	O
,	O
viruses	B-SPEC
,	O
bacteria	B-SPEC
and	O
fungi	B-SPEC
(	O
Autosteril	O
method	O
).	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
The	O
immediate	O
,	O
specific	O
response	O
of	O
the	O
University	O
of	O
Toronto	O
CME	O
program	O
to	O
SARS	B-DISO
is	O
described	O
for	O
the	O
period	O
from	O
March	O
2003	O
to	O
September	O
2003	O
.	O

Other	O
variable	O
features	O
include	O
multinucleated	B-ANAT
giant	I-ANAT
cells	B-COMP
,	O
pneumocytes	B-ANAT
with	O
cytomegaly	B-ANAT
and	O
variable	O
amounts	O
of	O
inflammatory	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
and	O
foamy	O
macrophages	B-ANAT
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
CD13	O
,	O
a	O
receptor	O
for	O
human	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
229E	I-SPEC
(	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
229E	I-SPEC
),	O
was	O
identified	O
as	O
a	O
major	O
component	O
of	O
the	O
Triton	B-CHED
X	I-CHED
-	I-CHED
100	I-CHED
-	O
resistant	O
membrane	B-ANAT
microdomain	I-ANAT
in	O
human	B-SPEC
fibroblasts	B-ANAT
.	O

A	O
caveolin	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
knockdown	O
by	O
RNA	B-PROC
interference	I-PROC
also	O
reduced	O
the	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
229E	I-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
considerably	O
.	O

The	O
results	O
indicate	O
that	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
229E	I-SPEC
first	O
binds	B-FUNC
to	O
CD13	B-PRGE
in	O
the	O
Triton	B-CHED
X	I-CHED
-	I-CHED
100	I-CHED
-	O
resistant	O
microdomain	O
,	O
then	O
clusters	B-CHED
CD13	B-PRGE
by	O
cross	O
-	O
linking	O
,	O
and	O
thereby	O
reaches	O
the	O
caveolar	O
region	O
before	O
entering	O
cells	B-COMP
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Human	B-SPEC
respiratory	I-PRGE
coronavirus	B-SPEC
OC43	I-PRGE
:	O
genetic	O
stability	O
and	O
neuroinvasion	O
.	O

Of	O
patients	O
,	O
25	O
%	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
20	O
)	O
requested	O
psychological	B-DISO
follow	O
-	O
up	O
.	O

During	O
the	O
'	B-PROC
repair	I-PROC
'	O
phase	O
,	O
when	O
the	O
infection	B-DISO
was	O
being	O
brought	O
under	O
control	O
,	O
depression	B-DISO
and	O
avoidance	O
were	O
evident	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
SARS	O
-	O
Cov	O
is	O
the	O
etiologic	O
agent	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

The	O
spectrum	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
specific	O
antibody	B-COMP
profiles	O
in	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
was	O
investigated	O
from	O
7	O
to	O
210	O
days	O
after	O
the	O
onset	O
of	O
the	O
symptoms	O
.	O

IgM	B-COMP
antibody	B-PROC
declined	O
and	O
became	O
undetectable	O
between	O
60	O
to	O
180	O
days	O
after	O
the	O
onset	O
of	O
the	O
symptoms	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Coronavirus	B-SPEC
infection	I-DISO
of	O
spotted	B-SPEC
hyenas	I-SPEC
in	O
the	O
Serengeti	O
ecosystem	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Sera	B-COMP
from	O
38	O
free	O
-	O
ranging	O
spotted	O
hyenas	O
(	O
Crocuta	B-SPEC
crocuta	I-SPEC
)	O
in	O
the	O
Serengeti	O
ecosystem	O
,	O
Tanzania	O
,	O
were	O
screened	O
for	O
exposure	O
to	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
of	O
antigenic	B-PRGE
group	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
.	O

Application	O
of	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
to	O
27	O
fecal	B-ANAT
samples	O
revealed	O
viral	O
RNA	O
in	O
three	O
samples	O
(	O
11	O
%).	O

Estimation	O
of	O
the	O
phylogenetic	O
relationship	O
among	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
isolates	O
indicated	O
considerable	O
divergence	O
of	O
the	O
hyena	B-SPEC
variant	O
from	O
those	O
in	O
European	O
,	O
American	O
and	O
Japanese	O
domestic	B-SPEC
cats	I-SPEC
and	O
dogs	B-SPEC
.	O

Based	O
on	O
the	O
present	O
study	O
,	O
it	O
was	O
shown	O
that	O
the	O
method	O
for	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
viruses	B-SPEC
in	O
biological	O
materials	O
should	O
be	O
employed	O
only	O
after	O
the	O
sensitivity	O
has	O
been	O
determined	O
for	O
the	O
viruses	B-SPEC
of	O
interest	O
implying	O
that	O
the	O
most	O
sensitive	O
method	O
needs	O
to	O
be	O
determined	O
independently	O
for	O
each	O
virus	B-SPEC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
define	O
the	O
origin	O
and	O
evolution	O
of	O
recent	O
avian	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
bronchitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
IBV	B-SPEC
)	O
in	O
Japan	O
,	O
a	O
genetic	O
analysis	O
was	O
performed	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
apoptosis	B-PATH
was	O
independent	O
of	O
the	O
p53	B-PRGE
and	O
Fas	B-DISO
signalling	B-PROC
pathways	B-PROC
.	O

Evidence	O
of	O
perinatal	O
transmission	B-PROC
of	I-PROC
virus	I-PROC
was	O
assessed	O
with	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
associated	I-DISO
coronavirus	I-DISO
reverse	O
-	O
transcriptase	B-PROC
polymerase	O
chain	O
reaction	O
on	O
cord	B-ANAT
blood	I-ANAT
,	O
placenta	B-ANAT
tissue	B-ANAT
,	O
and	O
subsequent	O
follow	O
-	O
up	O
of	O
the	O
neonate	O
on	O
serology	O
.	O

Two	O
mothers	O
recovered	O
without	O
delivery	O
,	O
but	O
their	O
ongoing	O
pregnancies	B-PROC
were	O
complicated	O
by	O
intrauterine	B-DISO
growth	B-PROC
restriction	I-DISO
.	O

No	O
newborn	O
infant	O
had	O
clinical	O
SARS	B-DISO
and	O
all	O
investigations	O
were	O
negative	O
for	O
SARS	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
New	O
paradigm	O
for	O
protection	O
:	O
the	O
emergency	B-DISO
ambulance	O
services	O
in	O
the	O
time	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

Intracellular	B-COMP
viral	O
RNA	O
copies	O
were	O
reduced	O
50	O
%	O
by	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
alpha	I-PRGE
at	O
a	O
concentration	O
of	O
25	O
U	O
/	O
ml	O
and	O
by	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
beta	I-PRGE
at	O
a	O
concentration	O
of	O
14	O
U	O
/	O
ml	O
.	O

The	O
type	B-PRGE
I	I-PRGE
IFN	I-PRGE
receptor	I-PRGE
signaling	O
pathway	O
in	O
host	B-COMP
cells	B-COMP
is	O
mainly	O
involved	O
in	O
the	O
inhibition	B-PROC
of	O
SCoV	O
infection	B-DISO
and	O
replication	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Knowledge	O
,	O
attitude	O
and	O
practice	O
towards	O
SARS	B-DISO
.	O

Three	O
-	O
fifths	O
(	O
60	O
.	O
1	O
%)	O
were	O
afraid	O
to	O
travel	O
for	O
fear	O
of	O
being	O
affected	O
by	O
SARS	B-DISO
.	O

If	O
the	O
two	O
ts	O
mutants	O
were	O
allowed	O
to	O
enter	O
cells	B-COMP
at	O
32	O
degrees	O
C	O
,	O
the	O
S	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
was	O
synthesized	O
,	O
core	O
-	O
glycosylated	O
and	O
at	O
least	O
partially	O
modified	O
at	O
40	O
degrees	O
C	O
.	O
However	O
,	O
compared	O
with	O
wt	O
virus	B-SPEC
and	O
the	O
revertant	O
,	O
no	O
infectious	B-DISO
particles	O
of	O
these	O
ts	O
mutants	O
were	O
assembled	O
and	O
released	O
from	O
the	O
ts	O
mutant	B-DISO
-	O
infected	O
cells	B-COMP
at	O
40	O
degrees	O
C	O
.	O
Evidence	O
presented	O
demonstrated	O
that	O
the	O
Q294	O
-	O
to	O
-	O
L294	O
mutation	O
,	O
located	O
at	O
a	O
highly	O
conserved	O
domain	O
of	O
the	O
S1	B-PRGE
subunit	I-PRGE
,	O
might	O
hamper	O
processing	O
of	O
the	O
S	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
to	O
a	O
matured	O
180	O
-	O
kDa	O
,	O
endo	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
glycosidase	I-PRGE
H	I-PRGE
-	O
resistant	O
glycoprotein	B-CHED
and	O
the	O
translocation	B-DISO
of	O
the	O
protein	B-CHED
to	O
the	O
cell	B-COMP
surface	I-COMP
.	O

1	O
.	O
9	O
days	O
after	O
fever	B-PROC
onset	O
,	O
and	O
35	O
patients	O
(	O
66	O
%)	O
had	O
diarrhea	B-DISO
beginning	O
at	O
a	O
mean	O
time	O
of	O
6	O
.	O
0	O
+/-	O

None	O
of	O
the	O
presenting	O
symptoms	O
or	O
laboratory	O
findings	O
are	O
pathognomonic	O
for	O
SARS	B-DISO
.	O

In	O
the	O
recent	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
outbreak	O
,	O
ribavirin	B-CHED
was	O
used	O
in	O
various	O
countries	O
against	O
this	O
novel	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
.	O

We	O
conducted	O
a	O
retrospective	O
analysis	O
to	O
assess	O
the	O
efficacy	O
of	O
ribavirin	B-CHED
in	O
the	O
treatment	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
in	O
Singapore	O
.	O

Ninety	O
-	O
seven	O
(	O
42	O
.	O
4	O
%)	O
patients	O
received	O
ribavirin	B-CHED
at	O
a	O
mean	O
of	O
6	O
.	O
4	O
days	O
of	O
illness	O
.	O

Clinical	O
and	O
laboratory	O
parameters	O
taken	O
at	O
the	O
start	O
of	O
ribavirin	B-CHED
treatment	O
were	O
compared	O
with	O
day	O
5	O
,	O
6	O
or	O
7	O
parameters	O
of	O
those	O
patients	O
not	O
on	O
treatment	O
.	O

The	O
treatment	O
group	O
had	O
younger	O
women	O
with	O
more	O
symptoms	O
of	O
myalgia	B-DISO
(	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
001	O
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
A	O
novel	O
sorting	B-PROC
signal	O
for	O
intracellular	B-PROC
localization	I-PROC
is	O
present	O
in	O
the	O
S	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
of	O
a	O
porcine	B-SPEC
coronavirus	B-SPEC
but	O
absent	O
from	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
-	O
associated	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
.	O

Replication	O
of	O
the	O
approximately	O
30	O
-	O
kb	O
positive	O
-	O
strand	O
RNA	O
genome	O
of	O
coronaviruses	O
and	O
discontinuous	O
synthesis	B-PROC
of	O
an	O
extensive	O
set	O
of	O
subgenome	O
-	O
length	O
RNAs	O
(	O
transcription	B-PROC
)	O
are	O
mediated	O
by	O
the	O
replicase	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
transcriptase	I-PRGE
,	O
a	O
barely	O
characterized	O
protein	B-COMP
complex	I-COMP
that	O
comprises	O
several	O
cellular	B-COMP
proteins	B-CHED
and	O
up	O
to	O
16	O
viral	O
subunits	O
.	O

Here	O
,	O
we	O
established	O
and	O
characterized	O
the	O
activity	O
of	O
one	O
of	O
these	O
enzymes	O
,	O
replicative	O
nidoviral	O
uridylate	B-CHED
-	O
specific	O
endoribonuclease	O
(	O
NendoU	O
).	O

Bacterially	O
expressed	B-PROC
forms	O
of	O
NendoU	O
of	O
severe	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
and	O
human	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
229E	I-SPEC
were	O
revealed	O
to	O
cleave	O
single	O
-	O
stranded	O
and	O
double	O
-	O
stranded	O
RNA	O
in	O
a	O
Mn	O
(	O
2	O
+)-	O
dependent	O
manner	O
.	O

2	O
'-	O
O	O
-	O
ribose	B-CHED
-	O
methylated	O
RNA	O
substrates	O
proved	O
to	O
be	O
resistant	O
to	O
cleavage	B-PROC
by	O
NendoU	O
,	O
indicating	O
a	O
functional	O
link	O
with	O
the	O
2	O
'-	O
O	O
-	O
ribose	B-CHED
methyltransferase	O
located	O
adjacent	O
to	O
NendoU	O
in	O
the	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
replicative	O
polyprotein	O
.	O

Substitution	O
of	O
D6408	O
by	O
Ala	B-CHED
was	O
shown	O
to	O
abolish	O
viral	O
RNA	B-PROC
synthesis	I-PROC
,	O
demonstrating	O
that	O
NendoU	O
has	O
critical	O
functions	O
in	O
viral	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
and	O
transcription	B-PROC
.	O

We	O
present	O
analyses	O
of	O
data	O
on	O
key	O
parameters	O
and	O
distributions	O
and	O
discuss	O
the	O
processes	O
of	O
data	O
capture	O
,	O
analysis	O
and	O
public	O
health	O
policy	O
formulation	O
during	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
epidemic	O
are	O
discussed	O
.	O

The	O
low	O
transmissibility	O
of	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
,	O
combined	O
with	O
the	O
onset	O
of	O
peak	O
infectiousness	O
following	O
the	O
onset	O
of	O
clinical	O
symptoms	O
of	O
disease	O
,	O
transpired	O
to	O
make	O
simple	O
public	O
health	O
measures	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
isolating	O
patients	O
and	O
quarantining	O
their	O
contacts	O
,	O
very	O
effective	O
in	O
the	O
control	O
of	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
epidemic	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
search	O
for	O
animal	B-SPEC
host	B-COMP
origins	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
has	O
so	O
far	O
remained	O
focused	O
on	O
wildlife	O
markets	O
,	O
restaurants	O
and	O
farms	O
within	O
China	O
.	O

The	O
three	O
species	B-SPEC
that	O
have	O
so	O
far	O
been	O
implicated	O
,	O
a	O
viverrid	O
,	O
a	O
mustelid	B-SPEC
and	O
a	O
canid	B-SPEC
,	O
are	O
part	O
of	O
a	O
large	O
suite	O
of	O
small	O
carnivores	B-SPEC
distributed	O
across	O
this	O
region	O
currently	O
overexploited	O
by	O
this	O
international	O
wildlife	O
trade	O
.	O

To	O
address	O
these	O
dual	O
threats	O
to	O
the	O
long	O
-	O
term	O
future	O
of	O
biodiversity	O
,	O
including	O
man	B-CHED
,	O
requires	O
a	O
less	O
anthropocentric	O
and	O
more	O
interdisciplinary	O
approach	O
to	O
problems	O
that	O
require	O
the	O
combined	O
research	O
expertise	O
of	O
ecologists	O
,	O
conservation	O
biologists	O
,	O
veterinarians	O
,	O
epidemiologists	O
,	O
virologists	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
human	B-SPEC
health	O
professionals	O
.	O

There	O
was	O
a	O
close	O
linkage	B-PROC
between	O
civet	B-SPEC
cats	I-SPEC
and	O
humans	B-SPEC
in	O
terms	O
of	O
transmission	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
sudden	O
arrival	O
of	O
an	O
internationally	O
spreading	O
outbreak	O
of	O
a	O
newly	O
identified	O
infectious	O
disease	O
in	O
early	O
2003	O
,	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
),	O
provided	O
an	O
opportunity	O
for	O
a	O
coordinated	O
international	O
response	O
based	O
on	O
information	O
and	O
evidence	O
obtained	O
in	O
real	O
time	O
through	O
standard	O
and	O
electronic	O
communications	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
has	O
been	O
described	O
as	O
the	O
first	O
major	O
emerging	O
infectious	O
disease	O
of	O
the	O
twenty	O
-	O
first	O
century	O
.	O

Fifty	O
-	O
three	O
percent	O
of	O
the	O
patients	O
had	O
abnormal	B-DISO
liver	I-DISO
function	I-DISO
during	O
hospitalization	O
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
Psychosocial	O
status	O
of	O
students	O
was	O
influenced	O
by	O
their	O
knowledge	O
and	O
attitude	O
on	O
SARS	B-DISO
.	O

Multivariate	O
analysis	O
showed	O
that	O
lung	O
involvement	O
of	O
more	O
than	O
two	O
zones	O
(	O
odds	O
ratio	O
[	O
OR	O
]	O
=	O
7	O
.	O
0	O
;	O
95	O
%	O
confidence	O
interval	O
[	O
CI	O
]:	O
2	O
.	O
7	O
to	O
17	O
.	O
9	O
),	O
older	O
age	O
(	O
OR	O
for	O
each	O
decade	O
of	O
life	O
=	O
1	O
.	O
5	O
;	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
:	O
1	O
.	O
1	O
to	O
2	O
.	O
0	O
),	O
and	O
shortness	B-DISO
of	I-DISO
breath	I-DISO
on	O
admission	O
(	O
OR	O
=	O
2	O
.	O
8	O
;	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
:	O
1	O
.	O
1	O
to	O
7	O
.	O
4	O
)	O
were	O
independent	O
predictors	O
of	O
an	O
adverse	O
outcome	O
.	O

Frontal	O
chest	B-ANAT
radiographs	O
on	O
presentation	O
may	O
have	O
prognostic	O
value	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
SARS	B-DISO
.	O

Multivariate	O
analysis	O
showed	O
that	O
lung	B-ANAT
involvement	O
of	O
more	O
than	O
two	O
zones	O
(	O
odds	O
ratio	O
[	O
OR	O
]	O
=	O
7	O
.	O
0	O
;	O
95	O
%	O
confidence	O
interval	O
[	O
CI	O
]:	O
2	O
.	O
7	O
to	O
17	O
.	O
9	O
),	O
older	O
age	O
(	O
OR	O
for	O
each	O
decade	O
of	O
life	O
=	O
1	O
.	O
5	O
;	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
:	O
1	O
.	O
1	O
to	O
2	O
.	O
0	O
),	O
and	O
shortness	B-DISO
of	I-DISO
breath	I-DISO
on	O
admission	O
(	O
OR	O
=	O
2	O
.	O
8	O
;	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
:	O
1	O
.	O
1	O
to	O
7	O
.	O
4	O
)	O
were	O
independent	O
predictors	O
of	O
an	O
adverse	O
outcome	O
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
Frontal	O
chest	B-ANAT
radiographs	O
on	O
presentation	O
may	O
have	O
prognostic	O
value	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
SARS	B-DISO
.	O

S	O
-	O
pseudotyped	O
MLV	O
particles	O
were	O
used	O
to	O
analyze	O
viral	O
tropism	B-PROC
.	O

A	O
cat	B-SPEC
cell	B-ANAT
line	I-ANAT
and	O
a	O
dog	B-SPEC
cell	B-ANAT
line	I-ANAT
were	O
not	O
susceptible	O
.	O

Recombinant	O
viruses	B-SPEC
between	O
MHV	B-SPEC
-	O
A59	O
and	O
MHV	B-SPEC
/	O
BHK	O
were	O
selected	O
in	O
hamster	B-SPEC
cells	B-COMP
.	O

All	O
of	O
the	O
recombinants	O
retained	O
21	O
amino	B-PROC
acid	I-PROC
substitutions	I-PROC
and	O
a	O
7	O
-	O
amino	O
-	O
acid	O
insert	O
found	O
in	O
the	O
N	O
-	O
terminal	O
region	O
of	O
S	O
of	O
MHV	O
/	O
BHK	O
,	O
suggesting	O
that	O
these	O
residues	O
were	O
responsible	O
for	O
the	O
extended	O
host	B-COMP
range	O
of	O
MHV	B-SPEC
/	O
BHK	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
This	O
study	O
aims	O
to	O
investigate	O
Severe	O
Acute	O
Respiratory	O
Syndrome	O
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)-	O
related	O
behaviours	O
of	O
travellers	O
returning	O
to	O
Hong	O
Kong	O
by	O
air	B-CHED
.	O

Approximately	O
16	O
%	O
of	O
the	O
respondents	O
stated	O
that	O
they	O
would	O
delay	O
their	O
medical	O
consultation	O
for	O
flu	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
like	I-DISO
symptoms	I-DISO
until	O
returning	O
to	O
Hong	O
Kong	O
.	O

Leptospirosis	B-DISO
may	O
manifest	O
with	O
severe	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
characterized	O
by	O
diffuse	O
alveolar	B-ANAT
hemorrhage	B-DISO
,	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
,	O
and	O
acute	B-DISO
renal	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
and	O
be	O
accompanied	O
by	O
high	O
mortality	O
rates	O
.	O

Although	O
the	O
principle	O
of	O
universal	O
precautions	O
is	O
widely	O
advocated	O
and	O
followed	O
throughout	O
the	O
dental	O
community	O
,	O
additional	O
precautionary	O
measures	O
-	O
termed	O
standard	O
precaution	O
may	O
be	O
necessary	O
to	O
help	O
control	O
the	O
spread	O
of	O
this	O
highly	O
contagious	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
.	O

In	O
fact	O
,	O
an	O
autopsy	O
also	O
subject	O
prosectors	O
and	O
others	O
to	O
a	O
wide	O
variety	O
of	O
hazards	O
,	O
including	O
bloodborne	O
,	O
aerosolized	O
pathogens	O
and	O
others	O
(	O
for	O
example	O
SARS	B-DISO
).	O

The	O
aim	O
of	O
this	O
paper	O
is	O
to	O
introduce	O
the	O
integrative	O
model	O
of	O
environmental	O
health	O
and	O
explore	O
its	O
potential	O
to	O
illuminate	O
the	O
Toronto	O
SARS	B-DISO
experience	O
.	O

This	O
knowledge	O
comes	O
through	O
research	O
on	O
topics	O
such	O
as	O
;	O
chemicals	O
,	O
pesticides	B-CHED
,	O
soil	O
erosion	B-DISO
,	O
killing	O
of	O
forests	O
,	O
contamination	O
of	O
water	B-CHED
,	O
destabilization	O
of	O
climate	O
,	O
and	O
social	O
disruption	O
from	O
wars	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
explore	O
the	O
risk	O
factors	O
related	O
to	O
severe	O
cases	O
of	O
severe	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
in	O
order	B-SPEC
to	O
find	O
the	O
early	O
warning	O
signs	O
of	O
deterioration	O
of	O
this	O
disease	O
.	O

Retrospective	O
analysis	O
was	O
conducted	O
in	O
the	O
clinical	O
symptoms	O
,	O
physical	O
signs	O
and	O
the	O
results	O
of	O
laboratory	O
examinations	O
from	O
1170	O
cases	O
with	O
SARS	B-DISO
in	O
Beijing	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
clinical	O
characteristics	O
in	O
different	O
stages	O
of	O
the	O
disease	O
were	O
compared	O
.	O

Hypoxemia	O
was	O
a	O
common	O
characteristic	O
in	O
SARS	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
decrease	O
in	O
partial	B-PROC
pressure	I-PROC
of	I-PROC
oxygen	I-PROC
in	O
artery	B-ANAT
and	O
oxygen	B-CHED
saturation	O
in	O
pulse	B-PROC
oximeter	O
with	O
normal	O
partial	O
pressure	O
of	O
carbon	B-CHED
dioxide	I-CHED
was	O
found	O
in	O
most	O
patients	O
at	O
the	O
second	O
week	O
.	O

Some	O
patients	O
suffered	B-DISO
from	O
temporary	O
multiple	O
organ	B-ANAT
dysfunctions	O
(	O
mainly	O
impairments	O
of	O
liver	B-ANAT
and	O
myocardium	B-ANAT
).	O

Some	O
patients	O
suffered	B-DISO
from	O
temporary	O
multiple	O
organ	B-ANAT
dysfunctions	O
(	O
mainly	O
impairments	O
of	O
liver	B-ANAT
and	O
myocardium	B-ANAT
).	O

With	O
descending	O
in	O
infectious	B-DISO
generation	O
,	O
cases	O
treated	O
with	O
methylprednisolone	B-CHED
,	O
human	B-SPEC
gamma	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
immunoglobulin	I-PRGE
,	O
interferon	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
alpha	I-PRGE
,	O
and	O
antiviral	B-CHED
drugs	I-CHED
(	O
oral	B-ANAT
ribavirin	B-CHED
or	O
oseltamivir	B-CHED
)	O
increased	O
(	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
)	O
and	O
the	O
duration	O
of	O
their	O
use	O
also	O
increased	O
(	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
).	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
(	O
1	O
)	O
No	O
statistical	O
differences	O
in	O
age	O
,	O
sex	O
ratio	O
,	O
incubation	O
period	O
and	O
hospitalization	O
duration	O
among	O
various	O
infectious	B-DISO
generations	O
were	O
found	O
(	O
P	O
>	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
).	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
study	O
the	O
situation	O
of	O
severe	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
infection	B-DISO
in	O
the	O
hemodialysis	O
units	O
in	O
Beijing	O
.	O

Eighty	O
-	O
one	O
hemodialysis	O
units	O
were	O
investigated	O
on	O
the	O
incidence	O
and	O
preventive	O
measures	O
for	O
SARS	B-DISO
from	O
March	O
to	O
July	O
2003	O
by	O
a	O
standardized	O
investigation	O
form	O
.	O

There	O
was	O
no	O
significant	O
difference	O
of	O
average	O
age	O
(	O
t	O
=	O
-	O
1	O
.	O
08	O
,	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
2808	O
)	O
and	O
the	O
time	O
from	O
SARS	B-DISO
onset	O
to	O
hospitalization	O
(	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
2797	O
)	O
between	O
the	O
two	O
groups	O
.	O

There	O
was	O
no	O
live	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
detected	O
in	O
the	O
sewage	O
in	O
this	O
study	O
.	O

After	O
disinfection	O
,	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
RNA	O
could	O
only	O
be	O
detected	O
from	O
the	O
samples	O
from	O
the	O
309th	O
Hospital	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
others	O
were	O
negative	O
.	O

Pulmonary	B-PROC
function	I-PROC
was	O
assessed	O
at	O
2	O
months	O
,	O
1	O
year	O
and	O
2	O
years	O
post	O
-	O
transplant	B-ANAT
.	O

From	O
the	O
regression	O
analysis	O
,	O
the	O
best	O
reading	O
is	O
taken	O
from	O
the	O
maximum	O
temperature	O
in	O
the	O
eye	B-ANAT
region	I-ANAT
,	O
followed	O
by	O
the	O
maximum	O
temperature	O
in	O
the	O
forehead	B-ANAT
region	O
.	O

The	O
radiographic	O
features	O
of	O
unusual	O
diffuse	O
lung	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
published	O
in	O
the	O
past	O
two	O
years	O
are	O
described	O
.	O

Nodules	B-DISO
less	O
than	O
10	O
mm	O
in	O
size	O
in	O
immunocompromised	O
patients	O
are	O
highly	O
suggestive	O
of	O
viral	O
infections	O
.	O

The	O
triad	B-COMP
of	O
ground	O
-	O
glass	O
opacities	B-DISO
,	O
ill	B-DISO
-	O
defined	O
centrilobular	O
nodules	B-DISO
and	O
cysts	B-DISO
and	O
focal	O
areas	O
of	O
air	B-DISO
trapping	I-DISO
is	O
highly	O
suggestive	O
of	O
subacute	O
hypersensitivity	B-DISO
pneumonitis	I-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Infection	B-DISO
of	O
cultured	O
intestinal	B-ANAT
epithelial	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
with	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
.	O

We	O
analyzed	O
serum	B-COMP
samples	O
obtained	O
from	O
623	O
patients	O
with	O
SARS	B-DISO
in	O
Beijing	O
,	O
to	O
determine	O
whether	O
infection	B-DISO
with	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
can	O
elicit	O
neutralizing	O
antibodies	B-COMP
(	O
NAbs	O
).	O

NAbs	O
to	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
are	O
broadly	O
elicited	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
SARS	B-DISO
and	O
,	O
according	O
to	O
their	O
kinetics	O
,	O
may	O
correlate	O
with	O
viral	O
load	O
during	O
the	O
early	O
stages	O
of	O
the	O
disease	O
.	O

The	O
serum	B-COMP
samples	O
could	O
neutralize	O
the	O
pseudotype	O
particles	O
bearing	O
the	O
spike	O
glycoproteins	B-CHED
from	O
different	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
strains	O
,	O
suggesting	O
that	O
the	O
NAbs	O
to	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
were	O
broadly	O
reactive	O
.	O

To	O
study	O
sequence	O
variation	O
in	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
genome	O
,	O
we	O
determined	O
the	O
nucleic	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
sequence	O
of	O
the	O
S	O
and	O
N	O
genes	O
directly	O
from	O
clinical	O
specimens	O
from	O
10	O
patients	O
--	O
1	O
specimen	O
with	O
no	O
matched	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
isolate	O
,	O
from	O
2	O
patients	O
;	O
multiple	O
specimens	O
from	O
3	O
patients	O
;	O
and	O
matched	O
clinical	O
-	O
specimen	O
/	O
cell	B-COMP
-	O
culture	O
-	O
isolate	O
pairs	O
from	O
6	O
patients	O
.	O

These	O
findings	O
are	O
a	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
expanding	O
investigation	O
of	O
the	O
evolution	B-PROC
of	O
how	O
this	O
virus	B-SPEC
adapts	O
to	O
a	O
new	O
host	B-COMP
.	O

APC	B-COMP
inhibits	O
ET	O
-	O
induced	O
TNF	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
alpha	I-PROC
production	I-PROC
in	O
vitro	O
in	O
human	B-SPEC
monocytes	B-ANAT
by	O
inhibiting	O
activation	O
of	O
NFkappaB	O
and	O
AP	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
by	O
inhibiting	O
degradation	O
of	O
IkappaB	O
and	O
mitogen	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
activated	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
kinase	I-PRGE
pathways	B-PROC
,	O
respectively	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
nucleocapsid	B-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
(	O
N	B-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
)	O
is	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
major	O
virion	B-COMP
structural	O
proteins	B-CHED
of	O
a	O
newly	O
identified	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
,	O
which	O
has	O
been	O
confirmed	O
as	O
the	O
causative	O
agent	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
).	O

Symptoms	O
of	O
posttraumatic	B-DISO
stress	I-DISO
disorder	I-DISO
(	O
PTSD	B-DISO
)	O
and	O
depression	B-DISO
were	O
observed	O
in	O
28	O
.	O
9	O
%	O
and	O
31	O
.	O
2	O
%	O
of	O
respondents	O
,	O
respectively	O
.	O

This	O
finding	O
,	O
with	O
the	O
high	O
detection	O
rate	O
a	O
median	O
of	O
4	O
days	O
after	O
disease	O
onset	O
and	O
before	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
lung	B-ANAT
lesions	O
in	O
four	O
patients	O
,	O
suggests	O
that	O
throat	B-ANAT
wash	O
and	O
saliva	O
should	O
be	O
included	O
in	O
sample	O
collection	O
guidelines	O
for	O
SARS	B-DISO
diagnosis	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
With	O
cases	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
occurring	O
across	O
geographic	O
regions	O
,	O
data	O
collection	O
on	O
the	O
effectiveness	O
of	O
intervention	O
strategies	O
should	O
be	O
standardized	O
to	O
facilitate	O
analysis	O
.	O

We	O
propose	O
a	O
minimum	O
dataset	O
to	O
capture	O
data	O
needed	O
to	O
examine	O
the	O
basic	O
reproduction	B-PROC
rate	O
,	O
case	O
status	O
and	O
criteria	O
,	O
symptoms	O
,	O
and	O
outcomes	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
.	O

Thus	O
,	O
binding	B-FUNC
of	O
autoAb	O
to	O
insolubilized	O
FAH	O
could	O
be	O
inhibited	O
by	O
MHV	B-SPEC
depending	O
on	O
the	O
mouse	B-SPEC
serum	B-COMP
or	O
the	O
experimental	O
protocol	O
used	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
A	O
clinical	O
prediction	O
rule	O
for	O
diagnosing	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
in	O
the	O
emergency	B-DISO
department	O
.	O

Our	O
findings	O
suggest	O
that	O
a	O
simple	O
model	O
that	O
uses	O
clinical	O
data	O
at	O
the	O
time	O
of	O
presentation	O
to	O
an	O
emergency	B-DISO
department	O
during	O
an	O
acute	O
outbreak	O
predicted	O
the	O
incidence	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
and	O
provided	O
good	O
diagnostic	O
utility	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
report	O
a	O
case	O
of	O
acute	O
methemoglobinemia	B-DISO
in	O
a	O
patient	O
treated	O
with	O
celecoxib	O
for	O
osteoarthritis	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
focus	O
of	O
the	O
17th	O
International	O
Conference	O
on	O
Antiviral	O
Research	O
was	O
the	O
discovery	O
and	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
antiviral	B-CHED
agents	I-CHED
(	O
chemistry	O
,	O
biology	O
,	O
animal	B-SPEC
models	O
and	O
clinical	O
trial	O
results	O
)	O
against	O
a	O
variety	O
of	O
human	B-SPEC
infectious	B-DISO
agents	O
including	O
HIV	B-DISO
,	O
herpes	B-DISO
viruses	B-SPEC
,	O
hepatitis	B-DISO
viruses	B-SPEC
,	O
respiratory	O
viruses	B-SPEC
and	O
emerging	O
/	O
re	O
-	O
emerging	O
pathogens	O
.	O

Within	O
each	O
infectious	B-DISO
agent	O
session	O
the	O
presentations	O
included	O
those	O
describing	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
new	O
and	O
novel	O
anti	O
-	O
infectives	O
,	O
including	O
research	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
preclinical	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
new	O
molecules	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
results	O
of	O
animal	B-SPEC
modelling	O
and	O
clinical	O
studies	O
on	O
advanced	O
-	O
stage	O
antiviral	B-CHED
agents	I-CHED
.	O

A	O
summary	O
of	O
the	O
meeting	O
highlights	O
,	O
segregated	O
by	O
infectious	B-DISO
agent	O
,	O
will	O
be	O
presented	O
in	O
this	O
review	O
.	O

We	O
have	O
genetically	O
dissected	O
these	O
domains	O
in	O
the	O
MHV	B-PRGE
S	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
to	O
localize	O
the	O
determinants	O
of	O
S	O
incorporation	O
into	O
virions	B-COMP
.	O

Immunoblot	O
analysis	O
of	O
infected	O
-	O
cell	B-COMP
lysates	O
identified	O
proteins	B-CHED
of	O
the	O
predicted	O
sizes	O
.	O

Trends	O
were	O
analyzed	O
and	O
displayed	O
on	O
the	O
secure	O
Web	B-DISO
site	O
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
A	O
regional	O
emergency	B-DISO
medicine	B-CHED
Internet	O
approach	O
permitted	O
rapid	O
implementation	O
of	O
multisite	O
syndromic	O
surveillance	O
without	O
additional	O
staff	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
the	O
nutritional	O
status	O
of	O
the	O
host	B-COMP
,	O
until	O
recently	O
,	O
has	O
not	O
been	O
considered	O
a	O
contributing	O
factor	O
to	O
the	O
emergence	O
of	O
infectious	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
.	O

The	O
label	B-CHED
was	O
also	O
politically	O
convenient	O
.	O

A	O
middle	O
ground	O
for	O
reasonable	O
expectations	O
from	O
HCW	O
when	O
treating	O
diseases	O
that	O
have	O
serious	O
risk	O
of	O
infection	B-DISO
should	O
be	O
expected	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
is	O
an	O
infectious	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
caused	O
by	O
a	O
new	O
type	O
of	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
treatment	O
for	O
severe	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
that	O
happened	O
epidemically	O
this	O
spring	O
confirmed	O
again	O
that	O
the	O
integrated	O
traditional	O
Chinese	O
and	O
western	O
medicine	B-CHED
had	O
its	O
clinical	O
advantage	O
and	O
vitality	O
,	O
and	O
indicated	O
that	O
this	O
integration	B-PROC
could	O
benefit	O
the	O
pathologic	O
understanding	O
and	O
therapeutic	O
strategies	O
for	O
the	O
diseases	O
.	O

Based	O
on	O
the	O
experimental	O
research	O
,	O
western	O
medicine	B-CHED
focuses	O
on	O
the	O
histological	O
and	O
structural	O
changes	O
of	O
the	O
diseases	O
.	O

Their	O
combination	O
and	O
unity	O
is	O
the	O
key	O
point	O
for	O
the	O
integration	O
of	O
TCM	O
with	O
western	O
medicine	B-CHED
in	O
order	B-SPEC
to	O
improve	O
the	O
clinical	O
effectiveness	O
and	O
TCM	O
development	B-PROC
.	O

The	O
positive	O
rate	O
of	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
IgG	I-PRGE
in	O
cases	O
who	O
were	O
not	O
in	O
chain	O
of	O
transmission	O
was	O
12	O
.	O
59	O
%(	O
18	O
/	O
143	O
)	O
which	O
was	O
statistically	O
significantly	O
different	O
from	O
that	O
of	O
cases	O
in	O
chain	O
of	O
transmission	O
,	O
Chi	B-CHED
square	O
=	O
199	O
.	O
64	O
,	O
P	O
less	O
than	O
0	O
.	O
001	O
.	O

SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
IgG	I-PRGE
appeared	O
as	O
early	O
as	O
7	O
days	O
after	O
onset	O
and	O
reached	O
the	O
peak	O
at	O
about	O
weeks	O
4	O
.	O

Thirty	O
-	O
five	O
cases	O
had	O
common	O
atypical	B-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
(	O
non	O
-	O
SARS	B-DISO
),	O
21	O
were	O
males	O
while	O
14	O
were	O
females	O
,	O
20	O
cases	O
received	O
methylprednisolone	B-CHED
treatment	O
.	O

Out	O
of	O
121	O
patients	O
studied	O
,	O
71	O
.	O
1	O
%	O
were	O
SARS	B-DISO
specific	O
IgG	B-PRGE
positive	O
.	O

Patients	O
younger	O
than	O
15	O
years	O
,	O
between	O
15	O
to	O
59	O
years	O
,	O
older	O
than	O
59	O
years	O
had	O
positive	O
rates	O
of	O
60	O
.	O
0	O
%,	O
70	O
.	O
2	O
%,	O
and	O
85	O
.	O
7	O
%,	O
respectively	O
with	O
no	O
statistically	O
significance	O
(	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
766	O
);	O
patients	O
with	O
or	O
without	O
steroid	B-CHED
treatment	O
showed	O
positive	O
rates	O
of	O
70	O
.	O
6	O
%	O
and	O
72	O
.	O
4	O
%,	O
respectively	O
(	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
84	O
);	O
patients	O
exhibiting	O
either	O
severe	O
or	O
light	O
syndromes	B-DISO
showed	O
positive	O
rates	O
of	O
78	O
.	O
1	O
%	O
and	O
67	O
.	O
4	O
%,	O
respectively	O
(	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
493	O
);	O
both	O
male	O
and	O
female	O
patients	O
showed	O
the	O
same	O
positive	O
rate	O
of	O
71	O
.	O
1	O
%.	O

Their	O
corpuscles	O
in	O
the	O
peripheral	B-ANAT
blood	I-ANAT
were	O
tested	O
every	O
two	O
days	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
results	O
were	O
analyzed	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
SARS	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
cDNA	O
chip	O
was	O
successfully	O
prepared	O
by	O
using	O
PCR	O
method	O
.	O

An	O
unknown	O
gene	O
at	O
the	O
position	O
28130	O
-	O
28426	O
bp	O
,	O
named	O
as	O
U	O
gene	O
,	O
may	O
play	O
an	O
important	O
role	O
during	O
the	O
viral	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
.	O

Pathogens	O
were	O
isolated	O
from	O
variety	O
of	O
samples	O
collected	O
from	O
atypical	B-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
patient	O
by	O
using	O
MDCK	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
,	O
and	O
identified	O
with	O
serological	O
and	O
molecular	O
methods	O
.	O

A	O
novel	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
was	O
isolated	O
from	O
patients	O
with	O
atypical	B-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
,	O
from	O
which	O
an	O
RNA	O
fragment	O
of	O
279	O
nt	O
was	O
amplified	O
by	O
nested	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
.	O

Indirect	O
immunofluorescence	O
test	O
showed	O
a	O
specific	O
antigen	B-CHED
-	O
antibody	B-COMP
reactivity	O
between	O
the	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
and	O
convalescent	O
-	O
phase	O
sera	B-COMP
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
explore	O
the	O
pathological	O
features	O
and	O
pathogenesis	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
to	O
provide	O
evidence	O
for	O
the	O
clinical	O
treatment	O
and	O
prevention	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
major	O
pathological	O
changes	O
of	O
2	O
autopsy	O
cases	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
in	O
lung	B-ANAT
tissues	I-ANAT
were	O
acute	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
interstitial	B-ANAT
and	O
alveolar	B-ANAT
exudative	B-DISO
inflammation	I-DISO
,	O
and	O
2	O
autopsy	O
and	O
one	O
biopsy	O
lung	B-ANAT
tissues	I-ANAT
showed	O
alveolar	B-ANAT
hyaline	B-DISO
membrane	B-COMP
formation	B-PROC
.	O

Among	O
6	O
cases	O
,	O
2	O
biopsy	O
cases	O
presented	O
early	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
fibrosis	I-DISO
and	O
alveolar	B-ANAT
organization	O
.	O

Histologically	O
,	O
the	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
changes	O
could	O
be	O
divided	O
into	O
acute	O
inflammatory	O
exudative	O
,	O
terminal	O
bronchiolar	B-ANAT
and	O
alveolar	B-ANAT
desquamative	O
and	O
proliferative	B-DISO
repair	B-PROC
stages	O
or	O
types	O
during	O
the	O
pathological	B-DISO
process	I-DISO
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
.	O

In	O
Cox	O
'	O
s	O
proportional	O
hazard	O
models	O
,	O
severe	O
lymphopenia	B-DISO
was	O
significant	O
predictor	O
associated	O
with	O
prolongation	O
of	O
stay	O
in	O
hospital	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Fifty	O
per	O
cent	O
of	O
the	O
participants	O
were	O
not	O
concerned	O
about	O
travelling	O
to	O
Toronto	O
,	O
while	O
the	O
other	O
50	O
%	O
expressed	B-PROC
some	O
concern	O
ranging	O
from	O
mild	O
to	O
serious	O
.	O

Reasons	O
for	O
attending	O
the	O
conference	O
despite	O
concern	O
included	O
a	O
desire	O
for	O
continuing	O
education	O
,	O
decrease	O
in	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
reported	O
SARS	B-DISO
cases	O
,	O
and	O
perceived	O
minimal	O
risk	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Most	O
patients	O
with	O
end	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
stage	I-DISO
renal	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
(	O
ERSD	O
)	O
visiting	O
our	O
hospital	O
for	O
hemodialysis	O
treatment	O
during	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
outbreak	O
wore	O
an	O
N95	O
mask	O
.	O

The	O
relatively	O
deep	O
grooves	B-ANAT
on	O
the	O
surface	O
of	O
the	O
central	O
coiled	O
coil	O
will	O
be	O
a	O
good	O
target	O
site	O
for	O
the	O
design	O
of	O
viral	O
fusion	O
inhibitors	B-CHED
.	O

Using	O
the	O
immediate	O
Hotel	O
M	O
contact	O
isolates	O
as	O
roots	O
,	O
we	O
observed	O
that	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
epidemic	O
has	O
generated	O
four	O
major	O
genetic	O
groups	O
that	O
are	O
geographically	O
associated	O
:	O
two	O
Singapore	O
isolates	O
,	O
one	O
Taiwan	O
isolate	O
,	O
and	O
one	O
North	O
China	O
isolate	O
which	O
appears	O
most	O
closely	O
related	O
to	O
the	O
putative	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
isolated	O
from	O
a	O
palm	B-ANAT
civet	B-SPEC
.	O

Our	O
results	O
show	O
that	O
the	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
is	O
well	O
adapted	O
to	O
growth	B-PROC
in	O
culture	O
and	O
did	O
not	O
appear	O
to	O
undergo	O
specific	O
selection	O
in	O
human	B-SPEC
populations	O
.	O

Requests	O
from	O
hospitals	O
,	O
quarantined	O
individuals	O
,	O
and	O
febrile	B-PROC
citizens	O
accounted	O
for	O
23	O
%,	O
18	O
%,	O
and	O
59	O
%	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
related	O
transports	O
.	O

SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
serology	O
was	O
available	O
in	O
74	O
.	O
1	O
%	O
of	O
EMTs	O
who	O
were	O
alive	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
During	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
outbreak	O
,	O
there	O
were	O
five	O
cases	O
of	O
probable	O
SARS	B-DISO
and	O
three	O
cases	O
of	O
suspect	O
SARS	B-DISO
.	O

During	O
the	O
five	O
peak	O
days	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
2	O
,	O
the	O
combined	O
number	O
of	O
quarantine	O
days	O
was	O
910	O
.	O

It	O
was	O
found	O
that	O
the	O
bases	B-CHED
of	O
six	O
nucleotide	B-CHED
positions	O
(	O
nt9404	O
,	O
nt9479	O
,	O
nt19838	O
,	O
nt21721	O
,	O
nt22222	O
and	O
nt27827	O
)	O
with	O
high	O
-	O
mutation	O
rate	O
have	O
an	O
important	O
relationship	O
with	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
epidemic	O
.	O

The	O
discriminating	O
oligonucleotides	B-CHED
contain	O
on	O
the	O
5	O
'	O
end	O
""""	O
cZip	O
Codes	O
""""	O
that	O
are	O
used	O
to	O
direct	O
LDR	O
product	O
to	O
specific	O
Zip	O
Codes	O
attached	O
covalently	O
to	O
a	O
slide	O
.	O

The	O
virus	B-SPEC
was	O
inactivated	O
by	O
ultraviolet	O
light	O
(	O
UV	O
)	O
at	O
254	O
nm	O
,	O
heat	O
treatment	O
of	O
65	O
degrees	O
C	O
or	O
greater	O
,	O
alkaline	O
(	O
pH	O
>	O
12	O
)	O
or	O
acidic	O
(	O
pH	O
<	O
3	O
)	O
conditions	O
,	O
formalin	B-CHED
and	O
glutaraldehyde	B-CHED
treatments	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
A	O
large	O
outbreak	O
of	O
acute	O
encephalitis	B-DISO
with	O
high	O
fatality	O
rate	O
in	O
children	O
in	O
Andhra	O
Pradesh	O
,	O
India	O
,	O
in	O
2003	O
,	O
associated	O
with	O
Chandipura	O
virus	O
.	O

Chandipura	O
viral	O
antigen	O
and	O
RNA	O
were	O
detected	O
in	O
brain	B-ANAT
tissue	I-ANAT
of	O
a	O
deceased	B-PROC
child	O
by	O
immunofluorescent	O
antibody	B-COMP
test	O
and	O
PCR	O
.	O

Our	O
findings	O
suggest	O
that	O
this	O
outbreak	O
of	O
acute	O
encephalitis	B-DISO
in	O
Andhra	O
Pradesh	O
was	O
associated	O
with	O
Chandipura	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
,	O
adding	O
to	O
the	O
evidence	O
suggesting	O
that	O
this	O
virus	B-SPEC
should	O
be	O
considered	O
as	O
an	O
important	O
emerging	O
pathogen	O
.	O

Administration	O
of	O
dexamethasone	B-CHED
improved	O
LPS	B-DISO
-	O
induced	O
ALI	O
and	O
retained	O
expression	B-PROC
of	O
AQP1	B-PRGE
.	O

However	O
,	O
depletion	O
of	O
AQP1	B-PRGE
did	O
not	O
affect	O
lung	B-DISO
edema	I-DISO
formation	B-PROC
,	O
lung	B-ANAT
vascular	B-PROC
permeability	I-PROC
,	O
or	O
lung	B-ANAT
histology	O
.	O

Importantly	O
,	O
the	O
same	O
region	O
has	O
been	O
found	O
to	O
be	O
required	O
for	O
multimerization	O
of	O
the	O
N	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
(	O
He	O
et	O
al	O
.,	O
2004	O
)	O
suggesting	O
this	O
region	O
may	O
be	O
crucial	O
in	O
maintaining	O
correct	O
conformation	O
of	O
the	O
N	O
protein	B-CHED
for	O
self	O
-	O
interaction	O
and	O
interaction	O
with	O
the	O
M	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
In	O
vitro	O
inhibition	B-PROC
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
by	O
chloroquine	B-CHED
.	O

In	O
controlling	O
SARS	B-DISO
outbreaks	O
,	O
timely	O
alerts	O
have	O
been	O
essential	O
:	O
Delaying	O
the	O
institution	O
of	O
control	O
measures	O
by	O
1	O
week	O
would	O
have	O
nearly	O
tripled	O
the	O
epidemic	O
size	O
and	O
would	O
have	O
increased	O
the	O
expected	O
epidemic	O
duration	O
by	O
4	O
weeks	O
.	O

The	O
viruses	B-SPEC
responsible	O
will	O
be	O
discussed	O
individually	O
.	O

7	O
.	O
6	O
degrees	O
C	O
,	O
suggesting	O
that	O
coronary	B-ANAT
virus	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
,	O
which	O
has	O
been	O
considered	O
to	O
cause	O
SARS	B-DISO
by	O
now	O
,	O
may	O
be	O
most	O
active	O
at	O
9	O
degrees	O
C	O
-	O
24	O
degrees	O
C	O
.	O
(	O
2	O
)	O
Occupational	O
hygiene	O
in	O
hospital	O
proved	O
to	O
be	O
an	O
important	O
socio	O
-	O
behavior	O
factor	O
for	O
SARS	B-DISO
outbreak	O
.	O

Infection	B-DISO
spread	O
to	O
the	O
brain	B-ANAT
as	O
it	O
was	O
cleared	O
from	O
the	O
lung	B-ANAT
,	O
again	O
without	O
leukocyte	B-ANAT
accumulation	O
.	O

Infected	O
mice	B-SPEC
had	O
a	O
relative	O
failure	B-DISO
to	I-DISO
thrive	I-DISO
,	O
gaining	B-DISO
weight	I-DISO
significantly	O
more	O
slowly	O
than	O
uninfected	O
mice	B-SPEC
.	O

This	O
study	O
also	O
provides	O
information	O
useful	O
for	O
designing	O
SARS	B-DISO
vaccines	O
and	O
understanding	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
pathogenesis	B-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Health	O
care	O
workers	O
continued	O
to	O
contract	O
severe	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
),	O
even	O
after	O
barrier	O
precautions	O
were	O
widely	O
implemented	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Influenza	B-DISO
surveillance	O
in	O
Indonesia	O
:	O
1999	O
-	O
2003	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Although	O
influenza	B-DISO
is	O
recognized	O
for	O
its	O
worldwide	O
importance	O
,	O
little	O
is	O
known	O
about	O
the	O
disease	O
from	O
tropical	O
countries	O
like	O
Indonesia	O
.	O

Adults	O
(	O
age	O
,	O
>	O
14	O
years	O
)	O
and	O
children	O
(	O
age	O
,	O
4	O
-	O
14	O
years	O
)	O
presenting	O
with	O
respiratory	O
symptoms	O
suggestive	O
of	O
influenza	B-DISO
were	O
asked	O
to	O
enroll	O
in	O
the	O
study	O
.	O

Influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
(	O
H1N1	O
and	O
H3N2	B-CHED
)	O
and	O
B	O
viruses	B-SPEC
were	O
detected	O
at	O
all	O
sites	O
.	O

This	O
period	O
was	O
characterized	O
by	O
the	O
upgrading	O
of	O
infection	B-DISO
control	O
precautions	O
,	O
which	O
included	O
the	O
wearing	O
of	O
gloves	O
and	O
gowns	O
all	O
the	O
time	O
,	O
an	O
extensive	O
use	O
of	O
steroids	B-CHED
,	O
and	O
a	O
change	O
in	O
antibiotic	B-CHED
prescribing	O
practices	O
.	O

Data	O
on	O
MRSA	B-DISO
acquisition	O
and	O
VAP	O
rates	O
were	O
collected	O
prospectively	O
.	O

The	O
VAP	O
rate	O
was	O
high	O
,	O
at	O
36	O
.	O
5	O
episodes	O
per	O
1000	O
ventilator	O
-	O
days	O
,	O
and	O
47	O
%	O
of	O
episodes	O
were	O
caused	O
by	O
MRSA	B-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Ampligen	O
[	O
polyI	O
:	O
polyC12U	O
]	O
is	O
a	O
mismatched	O
double	O
-	O
stranded	O
RNA	O
that	O
acts	O
by	O
inducing	O
interferon	B-PROC
production	I-PROC
(	O
immunomodulator	B-CHED
)	O
and	O
by	O
activating	O
an	O
intracellular	B-COMP
enzyme	O
(	O
RNase	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
L	I-PRGE
)	O
against	O
viral	O
RNA	O
transcripts	O
(	O
antiviral	B-CHED
).	O

In	O
May	O
2003	O
,	O
Hemispherx	O
Biopharma	O
and	O
the	O
Center	O
for	O
Cell	B-COMP
and	O
Gene	O
Therapy	O
entered	O
into	O
a	O
research	O
project	O
agreement	O
that	O
will	O
see	O
Ampligen	O
implemented	O
in	O
a	O
protocol	O
used	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
relapsed	O
EBV	O
-	O
positive	O
Hodgkin	B-DISO
'	I-DISO
s	I-DISO
Lymphoma	I-DISO
.	O

In	O
the	O
US	O
,	O
Ampligen	O
has	O
been	O
granted	O
orphan	B-CHED
drug	I-CHED
status	O
for	O
the	O
treatment	O
of	O
AIDS	O
,	O
renal	B-PATH
cell	I-PATH
carcinoma	I-PATH
(	O
phase	O
II	O
,	O
completed	O
),	O
chronic	B-DISO
fatigue	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
phase	O
III	O
)	O
and	O
invasive	O
/	O
metastatic	B-DISO
malignant	I-DISO
melanoma	I-DISO
(	O
phase	O
II	O
).	O

In	O
2000	O
,	O
Hemispherx	O
Europe	O
(	O
Hemispherx	O
)	O
obtained	O
orphan	B-CHED
drug	I-CHED
status	O
for	O
Ampligen	O
for	O
the	O
treatment	O
of	O
chronic	B-DISO
fatigue	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
in	O
the	O
EU	O
,	O
providing	O
Hemispherx	O
with	O
10	O
years	O
of	O
marketing	O
exclusivity	O
following	O
the	O
launch	O
of	O
the	O
drug	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
potential	O
financial	O
research	O
benefits	O
for	O
the	O
agent	O
.	O

Mutagenesis	B-PROC
experiments	O
were	O
carried	O
out	O
for	O
validating	O
the	O
binding	B-FUNC
model	O
,	O
whose	O
correctness	O
was	O
assessed	O
by	O
the	O
observed	O
effects	O
on	O
the	O
binding	O
affinities	O
between	O
the	O
proteins	B-CHED
.	O

Such	O
presently	O
observed	O
SARS_NP	O
-	O
hCypA	O
interaction	O
model	O
might	O
provide	O
a	O
new	O
hint	O
for	O
facilitating	O
the	O
understanding	O
of	O
another	O
possible	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
CoV	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
pathway	B-PROC
against	O
human	B-SPEC
cell	B-COMP
.	O

Furthermore	O
,	O
we	O
show	O
that	O
pharmacophores	O
derived	O
from	O
clusters	B-CHED
of	O
compounds	O
resulting	O
out	O
of	O
virtual	O
screening	O
could	O
be	O
useful	O
probes	O
for	O
future	O
structure	O
-	O
activity	O
relationship	O
studies	O
(	O
SARs	O
)	O
and	O
fine	O
-	O
tune	O
the	O
lead	O
molecules	O
identified	O
.	O

A	O
compound	O
library	O
consisting	O
of	O
960	O
commercially	O
available	O
drugs	O
and	O
biologically	O
active	O
substances	O
was	O
screened	O
for	O
inhibition	B-PROC
of	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
3CL	I-PRGE
protease	I-PRGE
.	O

Detailed	O
mechanism	O
studies	O
using	O
a	O
fluorescence	O
-	O
based	O
protease	O
assay	O
demonstrated	O
that	O
the	O
three	O
compounds	O
acted	O
as	O
competitive	O
inhibitors	B-CHED
(	O
Ki	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
7	O
,	O
2	O
.	O
4	O
,	O
and	O
13	O
.	O
7	O
microM	O
for	O
phenylmercuric	B-CHED
acetate	I-CHED
,	O
thimerosal	B-CHED
,	O
and	O
hexachlorophene	O
,	O
respectively	O
).	O

SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
3C	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
like	I-PRGE
protease	I-PRGE
(	O
3CLpro	O
)	O
mediates	O
the	O
proteolytic	B-PROC
processing	I-PROC
of	O
replicase	B-PRGE
polypeptides	I-PRGE
1a	I-PRGE
and	O
1ab	O
into	O
functional	O
proteins	B-CHED
,	O
playing	O
an	O
important	O
role	O
in	O
viral	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Pulmonary	B-ANAT
function	I-PROC
and	O
exercise	O
capacity	O
in	O
survivors	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
We	O
did	O
the	O
right	O
thing	O
:	O
an	O
intervention	O
analysis	O
approach	O
to	O
modeling	O
intervened	O
SARS	B-DISO
propagation	O
in	O
Singapore	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Chemokine	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
like	I-PRGE
factor	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
(	O
CKLF1	B-PRGE
)	O
was	O
recently	O
identified	O
as	O
a	O
novel	O
cytokine	O
.	O

CKLF1	B-PRGE
-	O
expressing	O
plasmid	O
,	O
pCDI	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CKLF1	I-PRGE
,	O
was	O
constructed	O
and	O
injected	O
into	O
the	O
skeletal	B-ANAT
muscles	I-ANAT
followed	O
by	O
electroporation	O
.	O

The	O
pathological	O
changes	O
in	O
the	O
lungs	B-ANAT
were	O
observed	O
by	O
light	O
microscope	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
During	O
the	O
outbreak	O
of	O
Severe	B-DISO
Acute	I-DISO
Respiratory	I-DISO
Syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
in	O
the	O
spring	O
of	O
2003	O
,	O
strict	O
infection	B-DISO
control	O
measures	O
were	O
implemented	O
in	O
Toronto	O
and	O
surrounding	O
hospitals	O
.	O

These	O
measures	O
included	O
extreme	O
restrictions	O
on	O
those	O
who	O
would	O
normally	O
accompany	O
patients	O
to	O
the	O
hospital	O
,	O
screening	O
for	O
SARS	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
protective	O
attire	O
for	O
hospital	O
staff	O
,	O
including	O
masks	O
,	O
face	B-DISO
shields	O
,	O
goggles	O
,	O
gloves	O
and	O
gowns	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
evaluate	O
the	O
progression	O
in	O
morphologic	O
changes	O
of	O
lungs	O
in	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
.	O

There	O
was	O
an	O
increase	O
in	O
reticulin	B-CHED
fiber	B-ANAT
formation	B-PROC
.	O

The	O
reactive	O
fibroblasts	B-ANAT
were	O
highlighted	O
by	O
desmin	B-COMP
and	O
vimentin	B-COMP
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Effectiveness	O
of	O
noninvasive	O
positive	O
pressure	O
ventilation	O
in	O
the	O
treatment	O
of	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
in	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

All	O
patients	O
with	O
the	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
probable	O
SARS	B-DISO
admitted	O
to	O
a	O
regional	O
hospital	O
in	O
Hong	O
Kong	O
from	O
March	O
9	O
to	O
April	O
28	O
,	O
2003	O
,	O
and	O
who	O
had	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
related	O
respiratory	B-DISO
distress	I-DISO
complications	O
were	O
recruited	O
for	O
NIPPV	O
usage	O
.	O

NIPPV	O
was	O
effective	O
in	O
the	O
treatment	O
of	O
ARF	B-DISO
in	O
the	O
patients	O
with	O
SARS	B-DISO
studied	O
,	O
and	O
its	O
use	O
was	O
safe	O
for	O
health	O
-	O
care	O
workers	O
.	O

Coronavirus	B-SPEC
serology	O
was	O
positive	O
in	O
95	O
%	O
(	O
19	O
of	O
20	O
patients	O
).	O

There	O
were	O
no	O
infections	B-DISO
among	O
the	O
105	O
health	O
-	O
care	O
workers	O
caring	O
for	O
the	O
patients	O
receiving	O
NIPPV	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Protein	B-CHED
chip	O
array	O
profiling	O
analysis	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
identified	O
serum	O
amyloid	B-DISO
a	O
protein	B-CHED
as	O
a	O
biomarker	B-CHED
potentially	O
useful	O
in	O
monitoring	O
the	O
extent	O
of	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
.	O

Phage	O
antibody	B-COMP
library	O
for	O
human	B-SPEC
Fab	B-PRGE
fragment	I-PRGE
has	O
been	O
constructed	O
successfully	O
,	O
which	O
lays	O
the	O
foundation	O
for	O
further	O
study	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
We	O
have	O
expressed	B-PROC
and	O
characterized	O
the	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
spike	O
protein	B-CHED
in	O
cDNA	O
-	O
transfected	O
mammalian	B-SPEC
cells	B-COMP
.	O

Expressed	B-PROC
cytoplasmic	B-COMP
p28	B-COMP
induces	O
the	O
stabilization	O
of	O
p53	B-PRGE
,	O
and	O
accumulated	O
p53	B-PRGE
causes	O
transcriptional	B-PROC
upregulation	B-PROC
of	O
p21	B-PRGE
(	O
Cip1	B-PRGE
).	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
origin	O
of	O
the	O
severe	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
-	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
remains	O
unclear	O
.	O

Evidence	O
based	O
on	O
Bayesian	O
scanning	O
plots	O
and	O
phylogenetic	O
analysis	O
using	O
maximum	O
likelihood	O
(	O
ML	O
)	O
and	O
Bayesian	O
methods	O
indicates	O
that	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
,	O
for	O
the	O
largest	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
genome	O
(	O
approximately	O
80	O
%),	O
is	O
more	O
closely	O
related	O
to	O
Group	O
II	O
coronaviruses	O
sequences	O
,	O
whereas	O
in	O
three	O
regions	O
in	O
the	O
ORF1ab	B-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
it	O
shows	O
no	O
apparent	O
similarity	O
to	O
any	O
of	O
the	O
previously	O
characterized	O
groups	O
of	O
coronaviruses	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
This	O
study	O
analyzed	O
the	O
effect	O
of	O
phasic	O
tracheal	O
gas	B-ENZY
insufflation	O
at	O
mid	O
-	O
to	O
end	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
expiration	I-PROC
in	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
head	B-ANAT
trauma	O
and	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
(	O
ALI	O
)/	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
).	O

We	O
measured	O
(	O
hemodynamics	B-PROC
,	O
oxygenation	B-PROC
,	O
lung	B-ANAT
mechanics	O
,	O
and	O
cerebral	B-ANAT
parameters	O
)	O
in	O
basal	O
situation	O
and	O
during	O
and	O
after	O
tracheal	O
insufflation	O
.	O

Tracheal	O
gas	B-ENZY
insufflation	O
allowed	O
a	O
significant	O
decrease	O
in	O
tidal	O
volume	O
from	O
9	O
.	O
1	O
to	O
7	O
.	O
2	O
ml	O
/	O
kg	O
,	O
with	O
associated	O
reduction	O
in	O
driving	O
pressure	O
(	O
plateau	O
pressure	O
minus	O
positive	O
end	O
-	O
expiratory	O
pressure	O
,	O
PEEP	B-CHED
)	O
from	O
18	O
.	O
1	O
to	O
13	O
.	O
2	O
cm	O
H	O
(	O
2	O
)	O
O	O
.	O
Total	O
PEEP	B-CHED
increased	O
from	O
9	O
.	O
3	O
to	O
12	O
.	O
7	O
cm	O
H	O
(	O
2	O
)	O
O	O
due	O
to	O
the	O
generation	O
of	O
lung	B-DISO
hyperinflation	I-DISO
.	O

Oxygenation	B-PROC
improved	O
slightly	O
during	O
tracheal	O
gas	B-ENZY
insufflation	O
,	O
and	O
this	O
improvement	O
remained	O
after	O
stopping	O
tracheal	O
insufflation	O
.	O

In	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
head	B-ANAT
trauma	O
and	O
ALI	O
receiving	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
,	O
expiratory	B-PROC
tracheal	O
gas	B-ENZY
insufflation	O
allowed	O
the	O
targeted	B-PROC
arterial	B-ANAT
PCO	B-DISO
(	O
2	O
)	O
level	O
to	O
be	O
maintained	O
together	O
with	O
a	O
substantial	O
reduction	O
in	O
tidal	O
volume	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
adhesion	O
of	O
microbial	O
pathogens	O
to	O
host	B-COMP
cells	B-COMP
is	O
mediated	O
by	O
adhesins	O
.	O

In	O
the	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
associated	O
human	B-SPEC
corona	B-CHED
virus	B-SPEC
,	O
the	O
spike	O
glycoprotein	B-CHED
and	O
nsps	O
(	O
nsp2	B-PRGE
,	O
nsp5	B-PRGE
,	O
nsp6	O
and	O
nsp7	O
)	O
were	O
identified	O
as	O
having	O
adhesin	O
-	O
like	O
characteristics	O
.	O

Three	O
radiologists	O
in	O
consensus	O
retrospectively	O
assessed	O
the	O
frontal	O
chest	B-ANAT
radiographs	O
obtained	O
at	O
presentation	O
and	O
during	O
treatment	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
2045	O
)	O
for	O
the	O
distribution	O
(	O
each	O
lung	B-ANAT
was	O
divided	O
into	O
upper	O
,	O
middle	O
,	O
and	O
lower	O
zones	O
)	O
and	O
extent	O
of	O
lung	B-ANAT
parenchymal	O
abnormality	O
.	O

Thirty	O
-	O
six	O
(	O
26	O
.	O
1	O
%)	O
patients	O
required	O
ICU	O
care	O
,	O
and	O
eight	O
(	O
5	O
.	O
8	O
%)	O
died	B-PROC
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Thirty	O
-	O
six	O
(	O
26	O
.	O
1	O
%)	O
patients	O
required	O
ICU	O
care	O
,	O
and	O
eight	O
(	O
5	O
.	O
8	O
%)	O
died	B-PROC
.	O

Plateau	O
pressures	O
well	O
below	O
the	O
""""	O
upper	O
corner	O
point	O
""""	O
(	O
airway	B-ANAT
pressure	O
where	O
compliance	O
decreases	O
)	O
resulted	O
in	O
significant	O
alveolar	B-ANAT
overstretching	O
.	O

None	O
of	O
the	O
objective	O
characteristics	O
of	O
the	O
pressure	O
-	O
volume	O
curve	O
was	O
predictive	O
for	O
end	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
expiratory	I-PROC
atelectasis	B-DISO
,	O
overstretching	O
,	O
or	O
optimal	O
airway	B-ANAT
pressure	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Simultaneous	O
alveolar	B-ANAT
recruitment	B-DISO
and	O
overstretching	O
during	O
inflation	O
were	O
more	O
pronounced	O
than	O
alveolar	B-ANAT
derecruitment	O
and	O
overstretching	O
during	O
deflation	O
.	O

The	O
ancestral	O
,	O
unduplicated	O
form	O
of	O
ACE	B-PRGE
is	O
still	O
expressed	B-PROC
during	O
the	O
terminal	B-PROC
differentiation	I-PROC
of	O
human	B-SPEC
spermatocytes	O
,	O
suggesting	O
a	O
critical	O
role	O
in	O
reproduction	B-PROC
.	O

sACE	O
may	O
auto	O
-	O
dimerize	O
via	O
a	O
novel	O
protein	B-CHED
motif	O
,	O
the	O
""""	O
disulfide	B-CHED
zipper	O
.	O

Of	O
these	O
104	O
compounds	O
,	O
2	O
target	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
main	O
protease	O
(	O
M	O
(	O
pro	B-CHED
)),	O
7	O
target	O
helicase	B-PRGE
(	O
Hel	B-PRGE
),	O
and	O
18	O
target	O
spike	O
(	O
S	O
)	O
protein	B-CHED
-	O
angiotensin	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
converting	I-PRGE
enzyme	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
(	O
ACE2	B-PRGE
)-	O
mediated	O
viral	O
entry	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Comparison	O
of	O
clinical	O
criteria	O
for	O
the	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
with	O
autopsy	O
findings	O
.	O

Only	O
patients	O
who	O
died	B-PROC
and	O
underwent	O
autopsy	O
could	O
be	O
included	O
in	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
so	O
these	O
results	O
may	O
not	O
apply	O
to	O
less	O
severe	O
cases	O
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

Of	O
these	O
405	O
patients	O
,	O
255	O
were	O
placed	O
on	O
ECLS	O
for	O
severe	O
ARDS	B-DISO
refractory	O
to	O
all	O
other	O
treatment	O
.	O

Sixty	O
-	O
seven	O
percent	O
were	O
weaned	B-PROC
off	O
ECLS	O
,	O
and	O
52	O
%	O
survived	O
to	O
hospital	O
discharge	B-ANAT
.	O

Extracorporeal	O
life	O
support	O
for	O
severe	O
ARDS	B-DISO
in	O
adults	O
is	O
a	O
successful	O
therapeutic	O
option	O
in	O
those	O
patients	O
who	O
do	O
not	O
respond	O
to	O
conventional	O
mechanical	O
ventilator	O
strategies	O
.	O

Also	O
,	O
alveolar	B-ANAT
deadspace	O
volume	O
increased	O
by	O
more	O
than	O
200	O
%	O
with	O
isoflurane	B-CHED
.	O

Although	O
significant	O
increases	O
in	O
Vd	O
(	O
phys	O
)	O
resulted	O
with	O
PPV	B-CHED
combined	O
with	O
TIVA	O
,	O
these	O
adverse	O
changes	O
were	O
much	O
less	O
compared	O
with	O
isoflurane	B-CHED
inhalation	B-PROC
and	O
PPV	B-CHED
.	O

The	O
extenuation	O
time	O
of	O
corticosteroid	B-CHED
'	O
dosage	O
was	O
(	O
33	O
+/-	O
26	O
)	O
mg	O
/	O
d	O
.	O

Two	O
patients	O
were	O
suffering	B-DISO
from	O
osteoporosis	B-DISO
and	O
30	O
patients	O
were	O
with	O
bone	B-ANAT
density	O
decrement	O
.	O

Of	O
the	O
40	O
patients	O
,	O
36	O
were	O
IgG	B-PRGE
positive	O
with	O
an	O
average	O
A	O
value	O
of	O
(	O
0	O
.	O
91	O
+/-	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
The	O
incidence	O
rates	O
of	O
critical	O
conditions	O
and	O
MODS	B-DISO
in	O
SARS	B-DISO
cases	O
were	O
34	O
.	O
86	O
%	O
and	O
13	O
.	O
71	O
%	O
respectively	O
.	O

To	O
create	O
a	O
novel	O
trial	O
vaccine	O
and	O
evaluate	O
its	O
potency	O
,	O
we	O
attempted	O
to	O
generate	O
a	O
SARS	B-DISO
inactivated	O
vaccine	O
using	O
SARS	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
strain	O
F69	O
treated	O
with	O
formaldehyde	B-CHED
and	O
mixed	O
with	O
Al	B-CHED
(	I-CHED
OH	I-CHED
)	I-CHED
3	I-CHED
.	O

The	O
in	O
vitro	O
neutralization	O
assay	O
has	O
important	O
implications	O
for	O
the	O
design	O
of	O
an	O
effective	O
,	O
protein	B-CHED
-	O
based	O
vaccine	O
preventing	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
CoV	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
.	O

It	O
is	O
essential	O
for	O
the	O
interaction	O
of	O
the	O
virons	O
with	O
host	B-COMP
cell	I-COMP
receptors	O
and	O
subsequent	O
fusion	O
of	O
the	O
viral	O
envelop	O
with	O
host	B-COMP
cell	I-COMP
membrane	I-COMP
to	O
allow	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

In	O
order	B-SPEC
to	O
investigate	O
the	O
maturation	B-PROC
and	O
proteolytic	B-PROC
processing	I-PROC
of	O
the	O
S	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
CoV	O
,	O
we	O
generated	O
S1	O
and	O
S2	O
subunit	O
specific	O
antibodies	B-COMP
(	O
Abs	O
)	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
N	O
,	O
E	O
and	O
3CL	O
protein	B-CHED
-	O
specific	O
Abs	O
.	O

Furthermore	O
,	O
the	O
anti	O
-	O
S1	O
and	O
S2	B-PRGE
Abs	I-PRGE
were	O
proved	O
to	O
be	O
capable	O
of	O
binding	B-FUNC
to	O
SARS	B-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
under	O
electron	O
microscope	O
observation	O
.	O

Small	O
-	O
scale	O
screening	O
identified	O
a	O
class	B-SPEC
of	O
imidazole	B-CHED
nucleoside	B-CHED
/	O
nucleotide	B-CHED
analogues	O
with	O
antiviral	B-CHED
activity	O
against	O
Lassa	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
.	O

The	O
compounds	O
also	O
inhibited	O
replication	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
and	O
Ebola	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
in	O
analogous	O
assays	O
,	O
although	O
to	O
a	O
lesser	O
extent	O
than	O
Lassa	O
virus	O
.	O

We	O
achieved	O
this	O
by	O
using	O
a	O
two	O
-	O
step	O
screening	O
method	O
consisting	O
of	O
frontal	O
affinity	O
chromatography	O
-	O
mass	O
spectrometry	O
coupled	O
with	O
a	O
viral	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
assay	O
based	O
on	O
a	O
human	B-DISO
immunodeficiency	I-DISO
virus	I-DISO
(	O
HIV	B-DISO
)-	O
luc	O
/	O
SARS	B-DISO
pseudotyped	O
virus	B-SPEC
.	O

Two	O
small	O
molecules	O
,	O
tetra	B-CHED
-	O
O	O
-	O
galloyl	O
-	O
beta	B-CHED
-	I-CHED
D	I-CHED
-	I-CHED
glucose	I-CHED
(	O
TGG	O
)	O
and	O
luteolin	B-CHED
,	O
were	O
identified	O
,	O
whose	O
anti	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
SARS	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
activities	O
were	O
confirmed	O
by	O
using	O
a	O
wild	O
-	O
type	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
CoV	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
system	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Replication	O
of	O
viruses	B-SPEC
in	O
species	B-SPEC
other	O
than	O
their	O
natural	O
hosts	B-COMP
is	O
frequently	O
limited	O
by	O
entry	O
and	O
postentry	O
barriers	O
.	O

Murine	B-SPEC
3T3	O
cells	B-COMP
expressing	O
human	B-SPEC
ACE2	O
supported	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
replication	O
,	O
whereas	O
replication	O
was	O
less	O
than	O
10	O
%	O
as	O
efficient	O
in	O
the	O
same	O
cells	B-COMP
expressing	O
murine	B-PRGE
ACE2	I-PRGE
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
What	O
are	O
the	O
most	O
appropriate	O
methods	O
of	O
surveillance	O
for	O
monitoring	O
an	O
emerging	O
respiratory	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
such	O
as	O
SARS	B-DISO
?	O

Lung	B-PROC
function	I-PROC
abnormalities	O
were	O
detected	O
in	O
43	O
patients	O
(	O
75	O
.	O
4	O
%),	O
with	O
restrictive	O
defects	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
16	O
)	O
being	O
most	O
common	O
(	O
28	O
.	O
1	O
%).	O

Only	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
pulse	B-PROC
corticosteroids	B-CHED
was	O
associated	O
with	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
CT	O
abnormalities	O
(	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
043	O
,	O
OR	O
6	O
.	O
65	O
,	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
1	O
.	O
06	O
to	O
41	O
.	O
73	O
).	O

Only	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
pulse	B-PROC
corticosteroids	B-CHED
was	O
associated	O
with	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
CT	O
abnormalities	O
(	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
043	O
,	O
OR	O
6	O
.	O
65	O
,	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
1	O
.	O
06	O
to	O
41	O
.	O
73	O
).	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
international	O
consensus	O
definitions	O
for	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
distress	O
syndrome	O
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
have	O
formed	O
the	O
basis	O
for	O
recruitment	B-DISO
into	O
randomized	O
,	O
controlled	O
trials	O
and	O
,	O
more	O
recently	O
,	O
standardized	O
the	O
protocols	O
for	O
ventilatory	O
treatment	O
of	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
.	O

Although	O
possibly	O
appropriate	O
for	O
sepsis	B-DISO
-	O
induced	O
ARDS	B-DISO
,	O
these	O
criteria	O
may	O
not	O
be	O
appropriate	O
for	O
posttraumatic	O
ARDS	B-DISO
if	O
the	O
disease	O
patterns	O
are	O
widely	O
divergent	O
.	O

Patients	O
from	O
whom	O
support	O
was	O
withdrawn	B-DISO
within	O
48	O
hours	O
were	O
excluded	O
.	O

A	O
significant	O
difference	O
between	O
the	O
two	O
groups	O
was	O
also	O
seen	O
in	O
systemic	B-DISO
inflammatory	I-DISO
response	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
score	O
,	O
incidence	O
of	O
sepsis	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
incidence	O
of	O
multiple	B-DISO
organ	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
.	O

Intranasal	O
BCV	B-PRGE
antigen	B-CHED
concentration	O
and	O
antibody	B-COMP
titer	O
against	O
BCV	B-SPEC
were	O
measured	O
on	O
entry	O
to	O
a	O
feedlot	O
.	O

A	O
task	O
force	O
designed	O
to	O
ensure	O
representation	O
of	O
all	O
interested	O
parties	O
developed	O
a	O
multi	O
-	O
phase	O
approach	O
which	O
included	O
(	O
a	O
)	O
culling	O
of	O
nonessential	O
animals	B-SPEC
,	O
(	O
b	O
)	O
cessation	O
of	O
breeding	B-PROC
,	O
(	O
c	O
)	O
testing	O
and	O
culling	O
of	O
individual	O
animals	B-SPEC
,	O
and	O
(	O
d	O
)	O
cross	O
-	O
fostering	O
to	O
clean	O
dams	O
.	O

This	O
multi	O
-	O
phase	O
approach	O
may	O
be	O
useful	O
for	O
other	O
institutions	O
attempting	O
to	O
eradicate	O
mouse	B-SPEC
coronavirus	B-SPEC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
A	O
new	O
lignan	B-CHED
glycoside	B-CHED
and	O
phenylethanoid	O
glycosides	B-CHED
from	O
Strobilanthes	B-SPEC
cusia	I-SPEC
BREMEK	O
.	O

In	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
we	O
found	O
a	O
new	O
lignan	B-CHED
glycoside	B-CHED
(	O
6	O
)	O
and	O
two	O
new	O
phenylethanoid	O
glycosides	B-CHED
(	O
7	O
,	O
8	O
)	O
together	O
with	O
five	O
known	O
compounds	O
as	O
chemical	O
constituents	O
of	O
Strobilanthes	B-SPEC
cusia	I-SPEC
root	B-ANAT
.	O

Among	O
the	O
tested	O
samples	O
,	O
lupeol	B-CHED
showed	O
anti	O
-	O
HSV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
1	I-SPEC
activity	O
(	O
EC	O
(	O
50	O
):	O
11	O
.	O
7	O
microM	O
)	O
and	O
showed	O
100	O
%	O
inhibition	B-PROC
of	O
virus	B-SPEC
plaque	B-DISO
formation	B-PROC
at	O
58	O
.	O
7	O
microM	O
.	O

On	O
the	O
other	O
hand	O
only	O
a	O
very	O
small	O
part	O
of	O
viral	B-DISO
gastroenteritis	I-DISO
can	O
be	O
diagnosed	O
and	O
notified	O
.	O

The	O
ethics	O
of	O
visitation	O
restrictions	O
-	O
lessons	O
learned	B-PROC
from	O
SARS	B-DISO
.	O

Infections	O
with	O
CRCoV	O
occurred	O
mostly	O
during	O
the	O
first	O
week	O
of	O
a	O
dog	B-SPEC
'	O
s	O
stay	O
at	O
the	O
kennel	O
,	O
whereas	O
CPIV	O
and	O
CHV	O
were	O
detected	O
at	O
later	O
time	O
points	O
.	O

Furthermore	O
,	O
the	O
evaluation	O
of	O
an	O
enzyme	O
-	O
linked	O
immunosorbent	O
assay	O
for	O
detection	O
of	O
antibodies	B-COMP
to	O
CPIV	O
and	O
an	O
immunofluorescence	O
assay	O
for	O
detection	O
of	O
antibodies	B-COMP
to	O
CHV	O
is	O
described	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Factors	O
associated	O
with	O
transmission	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
among	O
health	O
-	O
care	O
workers	O
in	O
Singapore	O
.	O

A	O
case	O
-	O
control	O
study	O
with	O
36	O
cases	O
and	O
50	O
controls	O
was	O
conducted	O
of	O
factors	O
associated	O
with	O
the	O
transmission	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
within	O
the	O
hospital	O
.	O

Multivariate	O
analysis	O
confirmed	O
the	O
strong	O
role	O
of	O
contact	O
with	O
respiratory	O
secretions	B-ANAT
(	O
adjusted	O
OR	O
21	O
.	O
8	O
,	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
1	O
.	O
7	O
274	O
.	O
8	O
,	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
017	O
).	O

After	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
outbreak	O
,	O
a	O
total	O
of	O
750	O
staff	O
nurses	O
(	O
response	O
rate	O
90	O
%)	O
at	O
one	O
hospital	O
completed	O
a	O
questionnaire	O
assessing	O
their	O
intention	O
to	O
provide	O
care	O
to	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
.	O

Four	O
factors	O
explaining	O
35	O
%	O
of	O
the	O
variance	O
in	O
nurses	O
'	O
intention	O
to	O
care	O
for	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
were	O
self	O
-	O
efficacy	O
(	O
beta	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
39	O
,	O
p	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
001	O
),	O
attitude	O
(	O
beta	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
25	O
,	O
p	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
001	O
),	O
years	O
of	O
working	O
in	O
the	O
study	O
hospital	O
(	O
beta	O
=	O
-	O
0	O
.	O
15	O
,	O
p	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
001	O
),	O
and	O
receiving	O
resources	O
from	O
the	O
hospital	O
(	O
beta	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
13	O
,	O
p	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
001	O
).	O

The	O
results	O
are	O
helpful	O
for	O
human	B-SPEC
resources	O
managers	O
facing	O
a	O
new	O
contagious	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Virus	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
like	I-PRGE
particles	I-PRGE
(	O
VLPs	B-ANAT
)	O
produced	O
by	O
recombinant	O
expression	B-PROC
of	O
the	O
major	O
viral	O
structural	O
proteins	B-CHED
could	O
be	O
an	O
attractive	O
method	O
for	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
control	O
.	O

Co	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
infections	I-DISO
of	O
insect	B-SPEC
cells	B-COMP
with	O
two	O
recombinant	O
viruses	B-SPEC
demonstrated	O
that	O
M	O
and	O
E	O
could	O
assemble	O
readily	O
to	O
form	O
smooth	O
surfaced	O
VLPs	B-ANAT
.	O

It	O
investigates	O
the	O
way	O
that	O
SARS	B-DISO
was	O
presented	O
as	O
a	O
dangerous	O
threat	O
to	O
the	O
UK	O
public	O
,	O
whilst	O
almost	O
immediately	O
the	O
threat	O
was	O
said	O
to	O
be	O
'	O
contained	O
'	O
using	O
the	O
mechanism	O
of	O
'	O
othering	O
':	O
SARS	B-DISO
was	O
said	O
to	O
be	O
unlikely	O
to	O
personally	O
affect	O
the	O
UK	O
reader	O
because	O
the	O
Chinese	O
were	O
so	O
different	O
to	O
'	O
us	O
';	O
so	O
'	O
other	O
'.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
A	O
novel	O
auto	O
-	O
cleavage	B-PROC
assay	O
for	O
studying	O
mutational	O
effects	O
on	O
the	O
active	O
site	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
3C	O
-	O
like	O
protease	O
.	O

The	O
antibodies	B-COMP
recognized	O
RBD	O
on	O
S1	B-PRGE
domain	I-PRGE
and	O
completely	O
inhibited	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
CoV	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
at	O
a	O
serum	B-COMP
dilution	O
of	O
1	O
:	O
10	O
,	O
240	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Medical	O
treatment	O
of	O
viral	B-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
including	O
SARS	B-DISO
in	O
immunocompetent	O
adult	O
.	O

These	O
studies	O
suggest	O
that	O
combination	B-PRGE
IFN	I-PRGE
treatment	O
warrants	O
further	O
investigation	O
as	O
a	O
treatment	O
for	O
SARS	B-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Membrane	B-PROC
fusion	I-PROC
between	O
virus	B-SPEC
and	O
host	B-COMP
cells	B-COMP
is	O
the	O
key	O
step	O
for	O
enveloped	O
virus	B-SPEC
entry	O
and	O
is	O
mediated	O
by	O
the	O
viral	B-PRGE
envelope	I-PRGE
fusion	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
.	O

To	O
facilitate	O
the	O
solution	O
of	O
the	O
crystal	B-ANAT
structure	O
of	O
this	O
fusion	O
core	O
,	O
we	O
deployed	O
an	O
Escherichia	B-SPEC
coli	I-SPEC
in	O
vitro	O
expression	B-PROC
system	O
to	O
express	O
the	O
HR1	O
and	O
HR2	O
regions	O
linked	O
together	O
by	O
a	O
flexible	O
linker	O
as	O
a	O
single	O
chain	O
(	O
named	O
2	O
-	O
helix	O
).	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
rapid	O
worldwide	O
spread	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
demonstrated	O
the	O
potential	O
threat	O
an	O
infectious	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
poses	O
in	O
a	O
closely	O
interconnected	O
and	O
interdependent	O
world	O
.	O

Our	O
model	O
can	O
be	O
used	O
to	O
predict	O
the	O
worldwide	O
spread	O
of	O
future	O
infectious	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
and	O
to	O
identify	O
endangered	O
regions	O
in	O
advance	O
.	O

SIGNR1	O
,	O
a	O
murine	B-SPEC
DC	O
-	O
SIGN	O
homologue	O
,	O
also	O
enhanced	O
infection	B-DISO
driven	O
by	O
MARV	O
and	O
Ebola	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
GP	O
and	O
could	O
be	O
targeted	B-PROC
to	O
assess	O
the	O
role	O
of	O
attachment	O
factors	O
in	O
filovirus	B-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
in	O
vivo	O
.	O

Anxiety	O
scores	O
ranged	O
from	O
20	O
to	O
80	O
,	O
and	O
mean	O
(	O
standard	O
deviation	O
)	O
scores	O
were	O
higher	O
among	O
staff	O
who	O
had	O
had	O
contact	O
with	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
than	O
among	O
those	O
who	O
had	O
not	O
(	O
52	O
.	O
6	O
[	O
10	O
.	O
5	O
]	O
versus	O
49	O
.	O
8	O
[	O
10	O
.	O
1	O
],	O
respectively	O
;	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
01	O
).	O

Anxiety	O
scores	O
were	O
correlated	O
with	O
burnout	O
scores	O
(	O
Pearson	O
'	O
s	O
correlation	O
coefficient	O
,	O
0	O
.	O
52	O
-	O
0	O
.	O
59	O
)	O
and	O
with	O
discomfort	B-DISO
from	O
wearing	O
protective	O
gear	O
(	O
0	O
.	O
21	O
-	O
0	O
.	O
32	O
).	O

In	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
we	O
implemented	O
a	O
3	O
-	O
step	O
strategy	O
to	O
test	O
the	O
intriguing	O
hypothesis	O
that	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
might	O
have	O
been	O
derived	O
from	O
a	O
recombinant	O
virus	B-SPEC
.	O

The	O
analysis	O
of	O
extensive	O
morbidity	O
rates	O
among	O
different	O
age	O
groups	O
of	O
the	O
population	O
showed	O
that	O
children	O
were	O
affected	O
by	O
coronavirus	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
5	O
-	O
7	O
times	O
more	O
often	O
than	O
adults	O
.	O

Mucosal	B-ANAT
antibodies	B-COMP
to	O
coronaviruses	O
in	O
the	O
secretions	B-ANAT
of	O
the	O
nasal	B-ANAT
cavity	I-ANAT
proved	O
to	O
be	O
more	O
important	O
than	O
serum	B-COMP
antibodies	B-COMP
not	O
only	O
in	O
protection	O
from	O
infection	B-DISO
,	O
but	O
also	O
in	O
the	O
pattern	O
of	O
clinical	O
manifestations	O
of	O
the	O
disease	O
.	O

Despite	O
the	O
fact	O
that	O
patients	O
with	O
thrombocytosis	B-DISO
had	O
a	O
greater	O
severity	O
of	O
illness	O
,	O
the	O
ICU	O
mortality	O
was	O
comparable	O
among	O
patients	O
with	O
and	O
without	O
thrombocytosis	B-DISO
(	O
8	O
vs	O
14	O
%,	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
34	O
).	O

Unless	O
additional	O
risk	O
factors	O
are	O
present	O
,	O
reactive	B-DISO
thrombocytosis	I-DISO
is	O
not	O
associated	O
with	O
an	O
increased	O
risk	O
of	O
thromboembolic	B-DISO
events	I-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Factors	O
associated	O
with	O
psychosis	B-DISO
among	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
:	O
a	O
case	O
-	O
control	O
study	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
We	O
observed	O
that	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
developed	O
affective	B-DISO
psychosis	I-DISO
during	O
the	O
acute	O
phase	O
of	O
their	O
illness	O
.	O

We	O
reviewed	O
all	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
related	O
psychiatric	O
consultations	O
in	O
Hong	O
Kong	O
and	O
investigated	O
the	O
risk	O
factors	O
for	O
psychosis	B-DISO
among	O
patients	O
with	O
SARS	B-DISO
in	O
a	O
matched	O
case	O
-	O
control	O
study	O
.	O

The	O
findings	O
of	O
the	O
present	O
study	O
suggest	O
that	O
steroid	B-CHED
toxicity	O
,	O
personal	O
vulnerability	O
,	O
and	O
,	O
probably	O
,	O
psychosocial	B-DISO
stressors	I-DISO
jointly	O
contributed	O
to	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
psychosis	B-DISO
in	O
patients	O
with	O
SARS	B-DISO
.	O

To	O
evaluate	O
the	O
sensitivity	O
of	O
the	O
assay	O
,	O
a	O
gel	O
-	O
based	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
method	O
targeted	B-PROC
at	O
the	O
same	O
101	O
bp	O
sequence	O
was	O
also	O
developed	O
.	O

The	O
study	O
indicates	O
that	O
the	O
LUX	O
assay	O
reported	O
below	O
is	O
rapid	O
,	O
reliable	O
and	O
sensitive	O
and	O
it	O
has	O
the	O
potential	O
for	O
use	O
as	O
an	O
alternative	O
molecular	O
method	O
for	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
diagnosis	O
.	O

To	O
express	O
the	O
membrane	B-COMP
(	O
M	O
)	O
protein	B-CHED
of	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
at	O
high	O
-	O
level	O
in	O
vitro	O
,	O
the	O
M	O
gene	O
fragment	O
was	O
amplified	O
and	O
cloned	O
it	O
into	O
the	O
Pichia	B-SPEC
Pastoris	I-SPEC
expression	B-PROC
vector	O
pPICZalphaA	O
.	O
SDS	B-DISO
-	O
PAGE	O
and	O
Western	O
blotting	O
analysis	O
of	O
the	O
induced	O
products	O
of	O
recombinant	O
yeast	B-SPEC
transformant	O
indicated	O
that	O
successful	O
high	O
-	O
level	O
expression	B-PROC
of	O
M	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
was	O
achieved	O
,	O
and	O
that	O
the	O
expression	B-PROC
product	O
was	O
similar	O
antigenically	O
to	O
the	O
natural	O
protein	B-CHED
.	O

Purified	O
recombinant	B-PRGE
M	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
was	O
used	O
subsequently	O
as	O
an	O
ELISA	O
antigen	B-CHED
for	O
detection	O
of	O
eight	O
serum	B-COMP
samples	O
screened	O
previously	O
by	O
whole	O
virus	B-SPEC
ELISA	O
and	O
immunofluorescence	O
assay	O
,	O
and	O
consistent	O
results	O
were	O
obtained	O
.	O

Similarly	O
,	O
by	O
taking	O
moderate	O
daily	O
doses	O
of	O
corticosteroids	B-CHED
as	O
a	O
prophylactic	O
,	O
it	O
may	O
be	O
possible	O
to	O
avoid	O
clinical	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
with	O
SARS	B-DISO
.	O

In	O
this	O
article	O
,	O
amino	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
sequences	O
from	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
and	O
influenza	B-SPEC
viruses	I-SPEC
representing	O
likely	O
homology	O
to	O
human	B-PRGE
ACTH	B-CHED
are	O
identified	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Molecular	O
characterization	O
of	O
a	O
panel	O
of	O
murine	B-SPEC
monoclonal	O
antibodies	B-COMP
specific	O
for	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
.	O

Initial	O
blood	B-ANAT
glucose	B-CHED
,	O
systolic	O
pressure	O
(	O
SBP	O
),	O
and	O
diastolic	O
pressure	O
(	O
DBP	B-CHED
)	O
were	O
no	O
significant	O
difference	O
between	O
GCS	O
group	O
and	O
non	O
-	O
GCS	O
group	O
.	O

Histologically	O
,	O
the	O
lungs	B-ANAT
showed	O
severe	O
diffuse	B-DISO
alveolar	I-DISO
damage	I-DISO
and	O
bronchopneumonia	B-DISO
,	O
but	O
no	O
viral	O
inclusion	O
.	O

No	O
specific	O
pathological	O
change	O
was	O
seen	O
in	O
the	O
gastrointestinal	B-ANAT
tract	I-ANAT
and	O
kidneys	B-ANAT
.	O

The	O
research	O
presented	O
here	O
used	O
computational	O
models	O
of	O
the	O
lung	B-ANAT
to	O
analyze	O
the	O
effect	O
of	O
altitude	O
on	O
the	O
PaO2	O
/	O
FIO2	O
ratio	O
and	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
shunt	O
.	O

In	O
contrast	O
to	O
the	O
high	O
positive	O
rate	O
of	O
feces	B-ANAT
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
(	O
97	O
%)	O
in	O
Amoy	O
Gardens	O
,	O
our	O
positive	O
rate	O
in	O
rectal	B-ANAT
swab	I-ANAT
RT	O
-	O
PCT	B-DISO
(	O
0	O
%)	O
was	O
significantly	O
lower	O
(	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
00000002	O
).	O

The	O
authors	O
trace	O
the	O
emergence	O
of	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
outbreak	O
from	O
southern	O
China	O
and	O
its	O
spread	O
worldwide	O
,	O
discuss	O
the	O
viral	O
etiology	O
of	O
the	O
infection	B-DISO
and	O
its	O
clinical	O
features	O
,	O
and	O
review	O
the	O
infection	B-DISO
control	O
guidelines	O
issued	O
during	O
the	O
outbreak	O
by	O
the	O
health	O
authorities	O
in	O
Hong	O
Kong	O
,	O
the	O
Centers	O
for	O
Disease	O
Control	O
and	O
Prevention	O
,	O
the	O
World	O
Health	O
Organization	O
and	O
the	O
American	O
Dental	O
Association	O
.	O

On	O
days	O
8	O
,	O
12	O
,	O
16	O
,	O
and	O
20	O
,	O
the	O
cumulative	O
proportion	O
of	O
patients	O
with	O
undetectable	O
virus	B-SPEC
in	O
plasma	B-ANAT
was	O
31	O
%,	O
69	O
%,	O
92	O
%,	O
and	O
100	O
%,	O
respectively	O
.	O

Plasma	B-ANAT
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
RNA	O
concentrations	O
in	O
the	O
second	O
and	O
third	O
week	O
of	O
illness	O
were	O
significantly	O
higher	O
in	O
patients	O
who	O
received	O
initial	O
hydrocortisone	B-CHED
treatment	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
9	O
),	O
as	O
compared	O
to	O
those	O
who	O
received	O
placebo	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
7	O
)(	O
AUC	O
;	O
Mann	O
-	O
Whitney	O
,	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
023	O
).	O

Problems	O
with	O
the	O
inadequacy	O
of	O
the	O
primary	O
report	O
of	O
the	O
one	O
included	O
study	O
do	O
not	O
allow	O
us	O
to	O
report	O
any	O
quantitative	O
results	O
for	O
patients	O
with	O
ALI	O
or	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

Although	O
respondents	O
were	O
highly	O
aware	O
of	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
outbreak	O
,	O
the	O
outbreak	O
did	O
not	O
result	O
in	O
unnecessary	O
precautionary	O
actions	O
or	O
fears	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Leukocyte	B-ANAT
antibodies	B-COMP
and	O
biologically	O
active	O
mediators	O
in	O
the	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
of	O
transfusion	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
related	I-DISO
acute	I-DISO
lung	I-DISO
injury	I-DISO
.	O

In	O
severe	O
cases	O
,	O
the	O
most	O
prominent	O
feature	O
is	O
acute	O
onset	O
of	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
edema	I-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Impact	O
of	O
a	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
outbreak	O
in	O
the	O
emergency	B-DISO
department	O
:	O
an	O
experience	O
in	O
Taiwan	O
.	O

There	O
were	O
significant	O
differences	O
on	O
condition	B-DISO
classifications	O
(	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
000	O
),	O
increased	O
rate	O
of	O
patients	O
that	O
underwent	O
endotracheal	O
intubation	O
(	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
003	O
),	O
needed	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
(	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
020	O
),	O
and	O
admission	O
(	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
000	O
).	O

The	O
number	O
of	O
visits	O
that	O
underwent	O
chest	B-ANAT
radiological	O
examination	O
increased	O
(	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
000	O
)	O
and	O
upper	B-ANAT
abdomen	I-ANAT
sonography	O
(	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
007	O
)	O
decreased	O
significantly	O
in	O
May	O
.	O

Viral	O
load	O
in	O
nasopharyngeal	B-ANAT
aspirates	B-ANAT
(	O
n	O
=	O
142	O
)	O
from	O
day	O
10	O
to	O
day	O
15	O
after	O
onset	O
of	O
symptoms	O
was	O
associated	O
with	O
oxygen	B-CHED
desaturation	O
,	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
,	O
diarrhea	B-DISO
,	O
hepatic	B-DISO
dysfunction	I-DISO
,	O
and	O
death	B-PROC
.	O

The	O
assay	O
was	O
developed	O
by	O
epitope	B-CHED
mapping	O
,	O
using	O
synthetic	O
peptides	B-CHED
from	O
the	O
spike	O
,	O
membrane	B-COMP
,	O
and	O
nucleocapsid	B-COMP
protein	B-CHED
sequences	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
associated	I-DISO
coronavirus	I-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
A	O
total	O
of	O
1	O
,	O
068	O
asymptomatic	O
close	O
contacts	O
of	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
(	O
SARS	O
)	O
from	O
the	O
2003	O
epidemic	O
in	O
Hong	O
Kong	O
were	O
serologically	O
tested	O
,	O
and	O
2	O
(	O
0	O
.	O
19	O
%)	O
were	O
positive	O
for	O
SARS	B-PRGE
coronavirus	B-SPEC
immunoglobulin	B-PROC
G	I-PRGE
antibody	B-COMP
.	O

One	O
hour	O
of	O
NPPV	O
therapy	O
led	O
to	O
significant	O
increases	O
in	O
PaO	B-PROC
(	O
2	O
),	O
SpO	B-PRGE
(	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
)	I-PRGE
and	I-PRGE
PaO	I-PRGE
(	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
)/	I-PRGE
FiO	I-PRGE
(	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
),	I-PRGE
and	O
decrease	O
in	O
respiratory	O
rate	O
(	O
all	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
01	O
).	O

As	O
there	O
was	O
a	O
high	O
incidence	O
of	O
remarkable	O
barotrauma	O
,	O
a	O
careful	O
lung	B-ANAT
protective	O
strategy	O
is	O
necessary	O
during	O
the	O
administration	O
of	O
NPPV	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
invasive	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
At	O
6	O
weeks	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
onset	O
,	O
25	O
%	O
(	O
30	O
/	O
120	O
)	O
patients	O
had	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
with	O
ALI	O
/	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

Applications	O
of	O
compartmental	O
models	O
to	O
Severe	O
Acute	O
Respiratory	O
Syndrome	O
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
resulted	O
in	O
estimates	O
of	O
the	O
fundamental	O
quantity	O
called	O
the	O
basic	O
reproductive	B-PROC
number	O
R0	O
--	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
new	O
cases	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
resulting	O
from	O
a	O
single	O
initial	O
case	O
--	O
above	O
one	O
,	O
implying	O
that	O
,	O
without	O
public	O
health	O
intervention	O
,	O
most	O
outbreaks	O
should	O
spark	O
large	O
-	O
scale	O
epidemics	O
.	O

The	O
crude	O
incidence	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
in	O
our	O
cohort	O
was	O
10	O
%.	O

The	O
SARS	B-DISO
case	O
fatality	O
was	O
14	O
%.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Crystals	B-ANAT
of	O
a	O
2	O
-	O
Helix	O
fusion	O
-	O
core	O
construct	O
of	O
MHV	B-PRGE
spike	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
(	O
commonly	O
referred	O
to	O
as	O
E2	O
)	O
have	O
been	O
grown	O
at	O
291	O
K	O
using	O
PEG	B-CHED
4000	O
as	O
precipitant	O
.	O

Five	O
patients	O
had	O
positive	O
stool	B-ANAT
samples	O
,	O
collected	O
in	O
weeks	O
5	O
-	O
9	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Four	O
cases	O
of	O
severe	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
that	O
occurred	O
from	O
December	O
16	O
,	O
2003	O
,	O
to	O
January	O
8	O
,	O
2004	O
,	O
in	O
the	O
city	O
of	O
Guangzhou	O
,	O
Guangdong	O
Province	O
,	O
China	O
,	O
were	O
investigated	O
.	O

The	O
green	O
fluorescence	O
,	O
mean	O
fluorescence	O
intensity	O
,	O
and	O
SARS	O
-	O
CoV	O
S	O
RNA	O
transcripts	O
were	O
found	O
significantly	O
reduced	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
expression	B-PROC
of	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
S	I-PRGE
glycoprotein	B-CHED
was	O
strongly	O
inhibited	O
in	O
those	O
cells	B-COMP
co	O
-	O
transfected	O
with	O
either	O
EGFP	O
-	O
or	O
S	O
-	O
specific	O
siRNAs	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Programmed	O
-	O
1	O
ribosomal	B-ANAT
frameshifting	I-PROC
is	O
an	O
alternate	O
mechanism	O
of	O
translation	B-PROC
used	O
by	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
to	O
synthesize	O
replication	O
proteins	B-CHED
encoded	O
by	O
two	O
overlapping	O
open	O
reading	O
frames	O
.	O

Toroviruses	B-SPEC
and	O
group	O
2	O
coronaviruses	O
bind	B-FUNC
to	O
O	O
-	O
acetylated	O
Sias	O
,	O
presumably	O
via	O
their	O
spike	O
proteins	B-CHED
(	O
S	O
),	O
whereas	O
other	O
glycoproteins	B-CHED
,	O
the	O
hemagglutinin	O
-	O
esterases	B-FUNC
(	O
HE	O
),	O
destroy	O
Sia	B-PRGE
receptors	I-PRGE
by	O
de	O
-	O
O	O
-	O
acetylation	B-PROC
.	O

Whereas	O
most	O
rodent	B-SPEC
coronaviruses	O
express	O
sialate	B-CHED
-	O
4	O
-	O
O	O
-	O
acetylesterases	O
,	O
the	O
HE	O
of	O
murine	O
coronavirus	O
DVIM	O
cleaves	O
9	O
-	O
O	O
-	O
acetylated	O
Sias	O
.	O

There	O
are	O
striking	O
parallels	O
between	O
orthomyxo	O
-	O
and	O
nidovirus	B-SPEC
biology	O
.	O

As	O
for	O
orthomyxovirus	B-SPEC
reassortants	O
,	O
the	O
fitness	O
of	O
nidovirus	B-SPEC
recombinant	O
offspring	O
probably	O
depends	O
both	O
on	O
antigenic	O
properties	O
and	O
on	O
compatibility	O
of	O
receptor	O
-	O
binding	B-FUNC
and	O
receptor	O
-	O
destroying	O
activities	O
.	O

Biochemical	O
and	O
thermodynamic	O
investigation	O
in	O
conjunction	O
with	O
molecular	B-PROC
dynamics	I-PROC
simulations	O
.	O

Blocking	B-DISO
either	O
the	O
5	O
'	O
or	O
3	O
'	O
terminus	O
did	O
not	O
affect	O
cleavage	B-PROC
.	O

Concentrations	O
of	O
Mn	O
(	O
2	O
+)	O
needed	O
for	O
endoribonuclease	B-FUNC
activity	I-FUNC
induced	O
significant	O
conformation	O
change	O
(	O
s	O
)	O
in	O
the	O
protein	B-CHED
,	O
as	O
measured	O
by	O
changes	O
in	O
tryptophan	B-CHED
fluorescence	O
.	O

Here	O
,	O
we	O
report	O
that	O
two	O
viral	O
genes	O
,	O
encoding	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
membrane	B-COMP
(	O
M	O
)	O
and	O
nucleocapsid	B-COMP
(	O
N	O
)	O
proteins	B-CHED
,	O
are	O
necessary	O
and	O
sufficient	O
for	O
formation	B-PROC
of	O
virus	B-ANAT
-	I-ANAT
like	I-ANAT
particles	I-ANAT
.	O

The	O
S	O
,	O
M	O
,	O
and	O
N	O
proteins	B-CHED
of	O
the	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
are	O
,	O
therefore	O
,	O
necessary	O
and	O
sufficient	O
for	O
pseudovirus	O
assembly	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
construction	O
of	O
a	O
set	O
of	O
transmissible	O
gastroenteritis	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
)-	O
derived	O
replicons	O
as	O
bacterial	O
artificial	O
chromosomes	B-COMP
is	O
reported	O
.	O

TGEV	B-SPEC
replicons	O
were	O
functional	O
in	O
several	O
cell	B-ANAT
lines	I-ANAT
,	O
including	O
the	O
human	B-ANAT
cell	B-COMP
line	I-ANAT
293T	O
,	O
in	O
which	O
no	O
or	O
very	O
low	O
cytopathic	B-DISO
effect	I-DISO
was	O
observed	O
,	O
and	O
expressed	B-PROC
high	O
amounts	O
of	O
heterologous	O
protein	B-CHED
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Expression	B-PROC
,	O
purification	O
and	O
sublocalization	O
of	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
nucleocapsid	B-COMP
protein	B-CHED
in	O
insect	B-SPEC
cells	B-ANAT
.	O

The	O
need	O
for	O
oxygen	B-CHED
supplementation	O
(	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
02	O
)	O
and	O
lymphopenia	B-DISO
during	O
the	O
course	B-DISO
of	I-DISO
illness	I-DISO
(	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
012	O
)	O
were	O
significant	O
risk	O
factors	O
in	O
predicting	O
abnormal	O
HRCT	O
.	O

The	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
spike	O
proteins	B-CHED
belong	O
to	O
class	B-PRGE
I	I-PRGE
fusion	I-PRGE
proteins	B-CHED
,	O
and	O
are	O
characterized	O
by	O
the	O
existence	O
of	O
two	O
heptad	O
repeat	O
(	O
HR	O
)	O
regions	O
,	O
HR1	O
and	O
HR2	O
.	O

All	O
15	O
patients	O
had	O
fever	B-PROC
,	O
3	O
(	O
20	O
%)	O
had	O
chills	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
11	O
(	O
73	O
%)	O
had	O
cough	B-DISO
.	O

Children	O
with	O
SARS	B-DISO
had	O
significantly	O
lower	O
incidences	O
of	O
rhinorrhea	B-DISO
(	O
odds	O
ratio	O
[	O
OR	O
],	O
0	O
.	O
01	O
;	O
95	O
%	O
confidence	O
interval	O
[	O
CI	O
],	O
0	O
.	O
00	O
-	O
0	O
.	O
09	O
),	O
sputum	B-PROC
production	I-PROC
(	O
OR	O
,	O
0	O
.	O
10	O
;	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
,	O
0	O
.	O
02	O
-	O
0	O
.	O
63	O
),	O
and	O
sore	B-DISO
throat	I-DISO
(	O
OR	O
,	O
0	O
.	O
17	O
;	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
,	O
0	O
.	O
03	O
-	O
0	O
.	O
85	O
)	O
than	O
children	O
with	O
influenza	B-DISO
.	O

Both	O
groups	O
had	O
similar	O
incidences	O
of	O
leukopenia	B-DISO
or	O
lymphopenia	B-DISO
,	O
but	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
had	O
a	O
significantly	O
higher	O
incidence	O
of	O
monocytopenia	O
(	O
33	O
%	O
vs	O
0	O
%,	O
P	O
=	O
.	O
04	O
).	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
As	O
yet	O
,	O
no	O
one	O
has	O
written	O
a	O
comprehensive	O
epidemiologic	O
account	O
of	O
a	O
severe	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
outbreak	O
from	O
an	O
affected	O
country	O
.	O

To	O
provide	O
a	O
comprehensive	O
epidemiologic	O
account	O
of	O
a	O
SARS	B-DISO
outbreak	O
from	O
an	O
affected	O
territory	O
.	O

The	O
2003	O
Hong	O
Kong	O
SARS	B-DISO
outbreak	O
.	O

Sociodemographic	O
characteristics	O
;	O
infection	B-DISO
clusters	B-CHED
by	O
time	O
,	O
occupation	O
,	O
setting	O
,	O
and	O
workplace	O
;	O
and	O
geospatial	O
relationships	O
were	O
determined	O
.	O

The	O
mean	O
and	O
variance	O
in	O
time	O
from	O
onset	O
to	O
admission	O
,	O
from	O
admission	O
to	O
discharge	B-ANAT
,	O
or	O
from	O
admission	O
to	O
death	B-PROC
were	O
calculated	O
.	O

Mean	O
time	O
from	O
onset	O
to	O
death	B-PROC
was	O
23	O
.	O
7	O
days	O
(	O
CI	O
,	O
22	O
.	O
0	O
to	O
25	O
.	O
3	O
days	O
),	O
and	O
mean	O
time	O
from	O
onset	O
to	O
discharge	B-ANAT
was	O
26	O
.	O
5	O
days	O
(	O
CI	O
,	O
25	O
.	O
8	O
to	O
27	O
.	O
2	O
days	O
).	O

Increasing	O
age	O
,	O
male	O
sex	O
,	O
atypical	O
presenting	O
symptoms	O
,	O
presence	O
of	O
comorbid	O
conditions	O
,	O
and	O
high	O
lactate	B-PRGE
dehydrogenase	I-PRGE
level	O
on	O
admission	O
were	O
associated	O
with	O
a	O
greater	O
risk	O
for	O
death	B-PROC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
A	O
22	O
-	O
year	O
-	O
old	O
man	B-CHED
was	O
admitted	O
to	O
the	O
acute	O
intoxication	O
unit	O
after	O
suicidal	O
intoxication	O
with	O
100	O
tablets	O
of	O
verapamil	B-CHED
,	O
diltiazem	B-CHED
and	O
isosorbide	B-CHED
mononitrate	I-CHED
.	O

E	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
expressed	B-PROC
in	O
bacterial	O
and	O
mammalian	B-SPEC
cells	B-COMP
under	O
reducing	O
conditions	O
existed	O
as	O
monomers	O
,	O
but	O
formed	O
homodimer	O
and	O
homotrimer	O
under	O
non	O
-	O
reducing	O
conditions	O
.	O

Pair	O
-	O
wise	O
comparison	O
of	O
gene	B-PRGE
3	I-PRGE
,	O
M	B-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
,	O
gene	O
5	O
,	O
or	O
N	B-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
sequences	O
with	O
their	O
counterparts	O
of	O
IBV	B-SPEC
revealed	O
high	O
levels	O
(	O
82	O
.	O
1	O
-	O
92	O
.	O
0	O
%)	O
of	O
similarity	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
the	O
low	O
viral	O
load	O
in	O
the	O
respiratory	B-ANAT
tract	I-ANAT
makes	O
early	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
a	O
diagnostic	O
challenge	O
,	O
although	O
improvements	O
in	O
the	O
sensitivity	O
of	O
molecular	O
diagnostic	O
methods	O
continue	O
to	O
be	O
made	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Epidemiological	O
and	O
genetic	O
analysis	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

Key	O
factors	O
that	O
determine	O
the	O
speed	O
and	O
scale	O
of	O
transmission	O
of	O
an	O
infectious	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
were	O
estimated	O
using	O
statistical	O
and	O
mathematical	O
modelling	O
approaches	O
,	O
and	O
phylogenetic	O
analyses	O
provided	O
insights	O
into	O
the	O
origin	O
and	O
evolution	B-PROC
of	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
associated	I-DISO
coronavirus	I-DISO
.	O

The	O
SARS	B-DISO
literature	O
continues	O
to	O
grow	O
,	O
and	O
it	O
is	O
hoped	O
that	O
international	O
collaboration	O
in	O
the	O
analysis	O
of	O
epidemiological	O
and	O
contact	O
-	O
network	O
databases	O
will	O
provide	O
further	O
insights	O
into	O
the	O
spread	O
of	O
this	O
newly	O
emergent	O
infectious	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Human	B-SPEC
metapneumovirus	I-SPEC
pneumonia	I-DISO
in	O
an	O
adult	O
patient	O
hospitalized	O
for	O
suspected	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)].	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Canine	O
coronavirus	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
in	O
Turkish	O
dog	B-SPEC
population	O
.	O

Mobile	O
teams	O
investigated	O
22	O
reports	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
in	O
20	O
hospitals	O
(	O
1	O
,	O
5	O
,	O
and	O
14	O
hospitals	O
in	O
Lao	O
PDR	B-DISO
,	O
Taiwan	O
,	O
and	O
Thailand	O
,	O
respectively	O
).	O

At	O
the	O
time	O
of	O
mobile	O
team	O
visits	O
,	O
5	O
(	O
25	O
%)	O
hospitals	O
implemented	O
infection	B-DISO
control	O
practices	O
consistent	O
with	O
World	O
Health	O
Organization	O
recommendations	O
on	O
visitor	O
policies	O
,	O
private	O
negative	O
-	O
pressure	O
rooms	O
,	O
and	O
personal	O
protective	O
equipment	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Universal	O
SARS	B-DISO
preventive	O
measures	O
in	O
an	O
obstetrics	O
unit	O
:	O
experience	O
of	O
health	O
care	O
staff	O
.	O

It	O
is	O
also	O
a	O
major	O
immunogen	B-CHED
and	O
a	O
target	O
for	O
entry	O
inhibitors	B-CHED
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
assess	O
the	O
possible	O
effect	O
of	O
integrated	O
traditional	O
Chinese	O
and	O
Western	O
medicine	O
on	O
severe	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
syndromes	B-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
treatment	O
of	O
severe	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
is	O
at	O
best	O
controversial	O
,	O
although	O
there	O
is	O
considerable	O
anecdotal	O
experience	O
to	O
show	O
the	O
benefits	O
of	O
corticosteroid	B-CHED
therapy	O
for	O
selected	O
patients	O
.	O

To	O
attempt	O
to	O
determine	O
the	O
clinical	O
efficacy	O
of	O
pentaglobin	O
,	O
an	O
IgM	B-PRGE
-	O
enriched	O
immunoglobulin	B-PROC
preparation	O
,	O
on	O
12	O
severe	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
who	O
continued	O
to	O
deteriorate	O
despite	O
corticosteroid	B-CHED
and	O
ribavirin	B-CHED
therapy	O
.	O

Similarly	O
,	O
there	O
was	O
significant	O
improvement	O
in	O
oxygen	B-CHED
requirement	O
,	O
when	O
compared	O
with	O
day	O
1	O
,	O
on	O
days	O
6	O
and	O
7	O
(	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
)	O
after	O
commencement	O
of	O
pentaglobin	O
treatment	O
.	O

Surprisingly	O
,	O
several	O
of	O
the	O
UC	O
-	O
ORFs	O
exhibit	O
considerable	O
similarity	O
with	O
other	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
ORFs	I-PRGE
.	O

In	O
addition	O
,	O
weak	O
activation	O
of	O
Akt	B-PRGE
cannot	O
prevent	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
CoV	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
-	O
induced	O
apoptosis	B-PATH
in	O
Vero	O
E6	O
cells	B-COMP
.	O

As	O
STAT3	B-PRGE
acts	O
as	O
an	O
activator	O
of	O
transcription	B-PROC
in	O
the	O
nucleus	B-COMP
,	O
these	O
results	O
suggest	O
that	O
STAT3	B-PRGE
lacks	O
its	O
activity	O
on	O
transcription	B-PROC
in	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
-	O
infected	O
Vero	O
E6	O
cells	B-COMP
.	O

These	O
species	B-SPEC
will	O
be	O
useful	O
for	O
the	O
evaluation	O
of	O
the	O
immunogenicity	O
of	O
candidate	O
vaccines	O
,	O
but	O
the	O
lack	O
of	O
apparent	O
clinical	O
illness	O
in	O
all	O
three	O
species	B-SPEC
,	O
variability	O
from	O
animal	B-SPEC
to	O
animal	B-SPEC
in	O
level	O
of	O
viral	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
,	O
and	O
rapid	O
clearance	O
of	O
virus	O
and	O
pneumonitis	B-DISO
in	O
AGMs	O
must	O
be	O
taken	O
into	O
account	O
by	O
investigators	O
considering	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
these	O
species	B-SPEC
in	O
efficacy	O
and	O
challenge	O
studies	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Antigenic	O
sites	O
on	O
the	O
nucleocapsid	B-COMP
(	O
N	O
)	O
protein	B-CHED
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
were	O
mapped	O
by	O
Pepscan	O
analysis	O
with	O
overlapping	O
peptides	B-CHED
that	O
span	O
the	O
N	O
protein	B-CHED
sequence	O
.	O

Several	O
minor	O
immunodominant	O
epitopes	O
were	O
reactive	O
with	O
about	O
50	O
%	O
of	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
sera	B-COMP
.	O

Several	O
monoclonal	O
antibodies	B-COMP
against	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
bound	O
to	O
the	O
N	O
-	O
or	O
C	O
-	O
terminal	O
antigenic	O
sites	O
.	O

The	O
test	O
was	O
optimized	O
for	O
use	O
with	O
intestines	B-ANAT
/	O
feces	B-ANAT
from	O
naturally	O
infected	O
turkeys	B-SPEC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
The	O
chronology	O
of	O
the	O
2002	O
-	O
2003	O
SARS	B-DISO
mini	O
pandemic	O
.	O

Within	O
11	O
weeks	O
from	O
the	O
first	O
SARS	B-DISO
case	O
in	O
Hong	O
Kong	O
it	O
had	O
spread	O
to	O
an	O
additional	O
27	O
countries	O
or	O
special	O
administrative	O
regions	O
.	O

Early	O
in	O
the	O
outbreak	O
the	O
infection	B-DISO
had	O
been	O
transmitted	B-DISO
primarily	O
via	O
household	O
contacts	O
and	O
healthcare	O
settings	O
.	O

Radiographic	O
findings	O
are	O
non	O
-	O
specific	O
but	O
high	O
-	O
resolution	O
computed	O
tomography	O
of	O
the	O
thorax	B-ANAT
in	O
clinically	O
suspected	O
cases	O
may	O
be	O
an	O
early	O
diagnostic	B-CHED
aid	I-CHED
when	O
initial	O
chest	B-ANAT
radiographs	O
appear	O
normal	O
.	O

Absence	O
of	O
seroconversion	O
to	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
beyond	O
28	O
days	O
from	O
disease	O
onset	O
generally	O
excludes	O
the	O
diagnosis	O
.	O

Respiratory	B-DISO
tract	I-DISO
infections	I-DISO
are	O
the	O
most	O
common	O
childhood	O
illnesses	O
and	O
paediatric	O
SARS	B-DISO
poses	O
special	O
problems	O
in	O
diagnosis	O
because	O
of	O
its	O
non	O
-	O
specific	O
presentation	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
SARS	B-DISO
:	O
future	O
research	O
and	O
vaccine	O
.	O

Television	O
(	O
91	O
.	O
6	O
%),	O
newspaper	O
(	O
65	O
.	O
2	O
%)	O
and	O
radio	B-CHED
(	O
30	O
.	O
4	O
%)	O
formed	O
the	O
top	O
3	O
sources	O
of	O
information	O
on	O
SARS	B-DISO
.	O

However	O
,	O
60	O
respondents	O
would	O
nonetheless	O
take	O
public	O
transport	B-PROC
to	O
TTSH	O
[	O
by	O
taxi	O
8	O
.	O
5	O
%,	O
mass	O
rapid	O
transit	O
(	O
MRT	B-ANAT
)	O
or	O
bus	O
1	O
.	O
9	O
%].	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
The	O
majority	O
(	O
92	O
.	O
7	O
%)	O
of	O
the	O
respondents	O
were	O
aware	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
symptoms	O
.	O

The	O
expression	B-PROC
level	O
and	O
activation	O
were	O
detected	O
by	O
SDS	B-DISO
-	O
PAGE	O
and	O
Western	O
-	O
blot	O
respectively	O
.	O

Beetles	B-SPEC
were	O
fed	O
virus	B-SPEC
-	O
infected	O
feces	B-ANAT
mixed	O
with	O
chicken	B-SPEC
feed	O
.	O

Direct	O
immunofluorescence	O
was	O
used	O
to	O
determine	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
TCV	B-SPEC
.	O

The	O
main	O
dysfunctioning	O
organs	B-ANAT
were	O
the	O
lung	B-ANAT
(	O
76	O
.	O
9x	O
),	O
the	O
immune	B-ANAT
system	I-ANAT
(	O
92	O
.	O
3x	O
),	O
the	O
cardiovascular	B-ANAT
system	I-ANAT
(	O
30	O
.	O
8x	O
),	O
the	O
blood	B-ANAT
system	O
(	O
61	O
.	O
5x	O
),	O
the	O
liver	B-ANAT
(	O
38	O
.	O
5x	O
),	O
and	O
the	O
kidney	B-ANAT
(	O
53	O
.	O
8x	O
).	O

Dysfunction	O
of	O
organs	B-ANAT
are	O
closely	O
correlated	O
with	O
prognosis	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Above	O
90	O
.	O
00	O
%	O
patients	O
had	O
normal	O
or	O
low	O
white	B-ANAT
blood	I-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
(	O
WBC	B-ANAT
)	O
count	O
on	O
the	O
first	O
day	O
.	O

Clinically	O
confirmed	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
,	O
patients	O
with	O
other	O
viral	B-DISO
pneumonias	I-DISO
,	O
and	O
healthy	O
controls	O
were	O
included	O
in	O
the	O
study	O
.	O

In	O
convalescent	O
stage	O
,	O
all	O
the	O
tests	O
were	O
returned	O
to	O
normal	O
ranges	O
except	O
ALT	B-FUNC
,	O
AST	B-PRGE
were	O
still	O
elevated	O
in	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Modelling	O
strategies	O
for	O
controlling	O
SARS	B-DISO
outbreaks	O
.	O

We	O
examine	O
mathematically	O
the	O
impact	O
of	O
isolation	O
and	O
quarantine	O
on	O
the	O
control	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
during	O
the	O
outbreaks	O
in	O
Toronto	O
,	O
Hong	O
Kong	O
,	O
Singapore	O
and	O
Beijing	O
using	O
a	O
deterministic	O
model	O
that	O
closely	O
mimics	O
the	O
data	O
for	O
cumulative	O
infected	O
cases	O
and	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
related	O
deaths	B-PROC
in	O
the	O
first	O
three	O
regions	O
but	O
not	O
in	O
Beijing	O
until	O
mid	O
-	O
April	O
,	O
when	O
China	O
started	O
to	O
report	O
data	O
more	O
accurately	O
.	O

The	O
Western	O
immunoblot	O
assay	O
was	O
able	O
to	O
detect	O
antibodies	B-COMP
to	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
in	O
all	O
40	O
serum	B-COMP
specimens	O
from	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
and	O
differentiate	O
the	O
SARS	O
-	O
positive	O
samples	O
from	O
those	O
of	O
the	O
healthy	O
donor	B-CHED
or	O
non	O
-	O
SARS	B-DISO
patient	O
controls	O
(	O
150	O
samples	O
)	O
when	O
set	O
criteria	O
were	O
followed	O
.	O

In	O
addition	O
,	O
when	O
the	O
immunoblot	O
was	O
used	O
to	O
test	O
samples	O
considered	O
falsely	O
positive	O
by	O
an	O
in	O
-	O
house	O
-	O
developed	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
specific	O
enzyme	O
-	O
linked	O
immunosorbent	O
assay	O
,	O
band	B-ANAT
patterns	O
different	O
from	O
those	O
with	O
samples	O
from	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
were	O
obtained	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
SYNCRIP	B-PRGE
,	O
a	O
member	O
of	O
the	O
heterogeneous	B-PRGE
nuclear	I-PRGE
ribonucleoprotein	I-PRGE
family	B-SPEC
,	O
is	O
involved	O
in	O
mouse	B-SPEC
hepatitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
RNA	B-PROC
synthesis	I-PROC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Several	O
cellular	B-COMP
proteins	B-CHED
,	O
including	O
several	O
heterogeneous	B-PRGE
nuclear	I-PRGE
ribonucleoproteins	I-PRGE
(	O
hnRNPs	O
),	O
have	O
been	O
shown	O
to	O
function	O
as	O
regulatory	O
factors	O
for	O
mouse	B-DISO
hepatitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
MHV	B-SPEC
)	O
RNA	B-PROC
synthesis	I-PROC
as	O
a	O
result	O
of	O
their	O
binding	B-FUNC
to	O
the	O
5	O
'	O
and	O
3	O
'	O
untranslated	O
regions	O
(	O
UTRs	O
)	O
of	O
the	O
viral	O
RNA	O
.	O

SYNCRIP	B-PRGE
is	O
a	O
member	O
of	O
the	O
hnRNP	B-PRGE
family	B-SPEC
and	O
localizes	O
largely	O
in	O
the	O
cytoplasm	B-COMP
.	O

The	O
bacterially	O
expressed	O
SYNCRIP	B-PRGE
was	O
also	O
able	O
to	O
bind	B-FUNC
to	O
the	O
5	O
'-	O
UTR	O
of	O
both	O
strands	O
.	O

The	O
SYNCRIP	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
binding	I-PRGE
site	I-PRGE
was	O
mapped	O
to	O
the	O
leader	O
sequence	O
of	O
the	O
5	O
'-	O
UTR	O
,	O
requiring	O
the	O
UCUAA	O
repeat	O
sequence	O
.	O

Recombinant	O
human	O
activated	O
protein	B-CHED
C	O
is	O
recommended	O
in	O
patients	O
at	O
high	O
risk	O
of	O
death	B-PROC
(	O
septic	B-DISO
shock	I-DISO
,	O
sepsis	B-DISO
-	O
induced	O
acute	O
respiratory	B-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
,	I-DISO
Acute	I-DISO
Physiology	O
and	O
Chronic	O
Health	O
Evaluation	O
II	O
score	O
of	O
>/=	O
25	O
,	O
and	O
sepsis	B-DISO
-	O
induced	O
multiorgan	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
)	O
and	O
no	O
absolute	O
contraindication	O
related	O
to	O
bleeding	B-DISO
risk	O
or	O
relative	O
contraindication	O
that	O
outweighs	O
the	O
potential	O
benefit	O
.	O

The	O
transfected	O
cell	B-COMP
cultures	O
were	O
treated	O
with	O
antisense	O
phosphorothioated	O
oligonucleotides	B-CHED
(	O
antisense	O
PS	O
-	O
ODN	O
,	O
20mer	O
)	O
or	O
a	O
control	O
oligonucleotide	B-CHED
by	O
addition	O
to	O
the	O
culture	O
medium	O
.	O

This	O
8	O
-	O
month	O
prospective	O
study	O
of	O
14	O
patients	O
with	O
hospital	O
-	O
acquired	O
SARS	B-DISO
in	O
Taipei	O
,	O
Taiwan	O
,	O
was	O
conducted	O
from	O
April	O
through	O
December	O
2003	O
.	O

The	O
need	O
for	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
was	O
associated	O
with	O
bilateral	O
lung	B-ANAT
involvement	O
on	O
the	O
initial	O
chest	B-ANAT
radiograph	O
and	O
higher	O
peak	O
levels	O
of	O
LDH	B-PRGE
and	O
CRP	B-PRGE
.	O

At	O
8	O
months	O
after	O
disease	O
onset	O
,	O
patients	O
with	O
mild	O
or	O
moderate	O
SARS	B-DISO
had	O
normal	O
findings	O
or	O
only	O
focal	B-DISO
fibrosis	I-DISO
on	O
chest	B-ANAT
high	O
-	O
resolution	O
computed	O
tomography	O
.	O

One	O
patient	O
with	O
severe	O
SARS	B-DISO
died	B-PROC
;	O
she	O
was	O
elderly	O
and	O
had	O
other	O
comorbidities	O
.	O

The	O
clinical	O
picture	O
of	O
our	O
patients	O
presenting	O
with	O
hospital	O
-	O
acquired	O
SARS	B-DISO
revealed	O
atypical	B-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
associated	O
with	O
lymphopenia	B-DISO
,	O
elevated	O
serum	B-COMP
levels	O
of	O
LDH	B-PRGE
,	O
rapid	O
clinical	O
deterioration	O
,	O
and	O
lack	O
of	O
response	O
to	O
empirical	O
antibiotic	B-CHED
therapy	O
.	O

Over	O
a	O
20	O
-	O
day	O
inclusive	O
period	O
,	O
176	O
subjects	O
(	O
49	O
hospital	O
inpatients	O
without	O
SARS	B-DISO
or	O
suspected	O
SARS	B-DISO
,	O
99	O
health	O
clinic	O
attendees	O
and	O
28	O
healthy	O
volunteers	O
)	O
were	O
recruited	O
.	O

In	O
addition	O
,	O
chest	B-ANAT
radiography	O
showed	O
decreased	O
spread	O
or	O
density	O
of	O
lung	B-ANAT
infiltrates	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
the	O
physiological	B-PROC
effects	I-PROC
remained	O
after	O
termination	O
of	O
inhaled	B-PROC
NO	O
therapy	O
.	O

In	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
we	O
describe	O
the	O
genome	O
structure	O
and	O
the	O
transcription	B-PROC
strategy	O
of	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
NL63	I-SPEC
by	O
experimental	O
analysis	O
of	O
the	O
viral	O
subgenomic	O
mRNAs	O
.	O

Northern	O
blot	O
analysis	O
indicated	O
that	O
the	O
expression	B-PROC
level	O
among	O
the	O
sg	O
mRNAs	O
differs	O
significantly	O
,	O
with	O
the	O
sg	O
mRNA	B-CHED
encoding	O
nucleocapsid	B-COMP
(	O
N	O
)	O
being	O
the	O
most	O
abundant	O
.	O

Because	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
NL63	I-SPEC
has	O
a	O
low	O
pathogenicity	O
and	O
is	O
able	O
to	O
grow	O
easily	O
in	O
cell	B-COMP
culture	O
,	O
this	O
virus	B-SPEC
can	O
be	O
a	O
powerful	O
tool	O
to	O
study	O
SARS	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
pathogenesis	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
role	O
of	O
ACE2	B-PRGE
in	O
these	O
peptide	B-CHED
systems	O
has	O
yet	O
to	O
be	O
revealed	O
.	O

The	O
value	O
of	O
border	B-ANAT
screening	O
in	O
deterring	O
travel	O
by	O
ill	B-DISO
persons	O
and	O
in	O
building	O
public	O
confidence	O
remains	O
unquantified	O
.	O

N	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
can	O
be	O
used	O
as	O
an	O
early	O
diagnostic	O
maker	O
for	O
SARS	B-DISO
.	O

We	O
developed	O
a	O
mass	O
spectrometric	O
decision	O
tree	O
classification	O
algorithm	O
using	O
surface	O
-	O
enhanced	O
laser	B-SPEC
desorption	O
/	O
ionization	O
time	O
-	O
of	O
-	O
flight	B-PROC
mass	O
spectrometry	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Coronavirus	B-SPEC
infection	I-DISO
in	O
immunodeficient	B-DISO
patients	O
with	O
hemoblastosis	O
and	O
deficient	O
hemopoesis	O
].	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Preventive	O
measures	O
suggested	O
to	O
protect	O
health	O
workers	O
from	O
the	O
risk	O
due	O
to	O
a	O
potential	O
exposure	O
to	O
SARS	B-DISO
agents	O
].	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
Authors	O
describe	O
the	O
personal	O
and	O
environmental	O
preventive	O
measures	O
suggested	O
to	O
protect	O
health	O
workers	O
from	O
the	O
risks	O
due	O
to	O
a	O
potential	O
exposure	O
to	O
SARS	B-DISO
agents	O
.	O

Considering	O
that	O
large	O
and	O
medium	O
droplets	O
may	O
infect	O
floors	O
and	O
surfaces	O
,	O
in	O
addition	O
to	O
gloves	O
,	O
gowns	O
,	O
masks	O
and	O
eyes	B-ANAT
protection	O
,	O
the	O
available	O
list	O
of	O
viral	O
and	O
bacterial	O
factors	O
implicated	O
in	O
SARS	B-DISO
ethiology	O
suggests	O
a	O
better	O
hand	O
antisepsis	O
using	O
frequently	O
the	O
alcohol	O
based	O
gels	O
(	O
containing	O
an	O
high	O
percentage	O
of	O
emollients	O
substances	O
),	O
if	O
available	O
.	O

It	O
is	O
recommended	O
that	O
adequate	O
masks	O
,	O
eye	B-ANAT
-	O
protection	O
and	O
protective	O
gowns	O
should	O
be	O
adopted	O
for	O
heath	O
care	O
workers	O
during	O
the	O
process	O
of	O
clinical	O
diagnoses	O
and	O
treatment	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Study	O
on	O
the	O
risk	O
factors	O
related	O
to	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
among	O
close	O
contactors	O
in	O
Beijing	O
].	O

No	O
one	O
was	O
infected	O
among	O
459	O
close	O
contacts	O
to	O
SARS	B-DISO
in	O
the	O
working	O
unit	O
.	O

The	O
number	O
of	O
NK	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
was	O
in	O
the	O
low	O
level	O
at	O
onset	O
,	O
and	O
keep	O
decreasing	O
at	O
the	O
2nd	O
week	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
it	O
was	O
increasing	O
with	O
the	O
recovery	O
of	O
the	O
disease	O
,	O
but	O
did	O
not	O
reach	B-PROC
to	O
normal	O
level	O
at	O
the	O
5th	O
week	O
after	O
onset	O
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
The	O
absolute	O
numbers	O
of	O
peripheral	B-ANAT
blood	I-ANAT
B	B-ANAT
lymphocytes	I-ANAT
and	O
NK	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
were	O
associated	O
with	O
the	O
severity	O
of	O
the	O
disease	O
,	O
and	O
detection	O
of	O
these	O
two	O
kinds	O
of	O
cells	B-COMP
was	O
useful	O
for	O
predicting	O
the	O
prognosis	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
.	O

Here	O
a	O
molecular	B-PROC
assembly	I-PROC
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
peplomer	O
which	O
accounts	O
for	O
the	O
available	O
functional	O
data	O
is	O
suggested	O
.	O

Using	O
an	O
interrupted	O
time	O
series	O
analysis	O
,	O
we	O
compared	O
the	O
2003	O
data	O
for	O
the	O
periods	O
before	O
,	O
during	O
and	O
after	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
periods	B-PROC
with	O
the	O
modeled	O
data	O
for	O
significant	O
differences	O
in	O
the	O
3	O
aforementioned	O
outcomes	O
of	O
interest	O
.	O

Moreover	O
,	O
we	O
identified	O
a	O
role	O
for	O
LIX	B-PRGE
in	O
the	O
induction	O
of	O
ALI	O
,	O
and	O
therefore	O
LIX	O
may	O
serve	O
as	O
a	O
novel	O
therapeutic	O
target	O
for	O
the	O
minimization	O
of	O
ALI	O
.	O

The	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
gamma	I-PRGE
activation	O
of	O
macrophages	B-ANAT
derived	O
from	O
A	O
/	O
J	O
or	O
BALB	O
/	O
c	O
mice	B-SPEC
yielded	O
two	O
different	O
patterns	O
of	O
antiviral	B-CHED
state	O
in	O
murine	B-DISO
hepatitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
3	O
infection	B-DISO
,	O
which	O
were	O
related	O
to	O
a	O
down	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
regulation	I-PROC
of	O
the	O
main	O
virus	B-SPEC
receptor	O
.	O

Using	O
cDNA	O
hybridization	B-PROC
to	O
evaluate	O
mRNA	B-CHED
accumulation	O
in	O
the	O
cells	B-COMP
,	O
we	O
were	O
able	O
to	O
identify	O
several	O
genes	O
that	O
are	O
differently	O
up	O
-	O
or	O
down	O
-	O
regulated	O
by	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
gamma	I-PRGE
in	O
A	O
/	O
J	O
(	O
267	O
and	O
266	O
genes	O
,	O
respectively	O
,	O
up	O
-	O
and	O
down	O
-	O
regulated	O
)	O
or	O
BALB	O
/	O
c	O
(	O
297	O
and	O
58	O
genes	O
,	O
respectively	O
,	O
up	O
-	O
and	O
down	O
-	O
regulated	O
)	O
mouse	B-SPEC
macrophages	B-ANAT
.	O

The	O
possible	O
implication	O
of	O
the	O
role	O
of	O
some	O
of	O
the	O
gene	O
products	O
relevant	O
to	O
macrophage	B-ANAT
biology	O
can	O
now	O
be	O
further	O
scrutinized	O
.	O

We	O
started	O
intravenous	O
erythromycin	B-CHED
(	O
EM	O
)	O
(	O
1	O
,	O
500mg	O
/	O
day	O
)	O
and	O
methylprednisolone	B-CHED
pulse	B-PROC
therapy	O
(	O
1	O
,	O
000mg	O
x	O
3days	O
)	O
and	O
full	O
controlled	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
supported	O
with	O
PEEP	B-CHED
.	O

Legionella	B-SPEC
pneumophila	I-SPEC
(	O
serogroup	O
6	O
)	O
was	O
isolated	O
in	O
her	O
private	O
whirlpool	O
bath	O
too	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Early	O
containment	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
);	O
experience	O
from	O
Bamrasnaradura	O
Institute	O
,	O
Thailand	O
.	O

Hospitalization	O
of	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
earliest	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
with	O
documented	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
shedding	O
provided	O
multiple	O
opportunities	O
for	O
spread	O
to	O
the	O
hospital	O
staff	O
,	O
but	O
strict	O
enforcement	O
of	O
conservative	O
infection	B-DISO
control	O
recommendations	O
throughout	O
the	O
hospitalization	O
was	O
associated	O
with	O
no	O
transmission	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
The	O
WHO	O
physician	O
died	B-PROC
from	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
on	O
day	O
19	O
.	O

Serum	B-COMP
samples	O
from	O
35	O
close	O
contacts	O
obtained	O
after	O
day	O
28	O
had	O
a	O
negative	O
result	O
for	O
SARS	B-PRGE
coronavirus	B-SPEC
antibody	B-COMP
.	O

The	O
intensive	O
care	O
unit	O
had	O
to	O
be	O
dedicated	O
to	O
patients	O
with	O
SARS	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Epidemiological	O
perspectives	O
on	O
SARS	B-DISO
and	O
avian	B-DISO
influenza	I-DISO
].	O

In	O
1997	O
it	O
was	O
observed	O
that	O
type	O
AH5N1	O
jumped	O
interspecies	O
barrier	O
and	O
affected	O
18	O
humans	B-SPEC
,	O
and	O
6	O
of	O
them	O
died	B-PROC
.	O

In	O
contrast	O
,	O
processing	O
at	O
the	O
nsp2	B-PRGE
/	I-PRGE
3	I-PRGE
site	I-PRGE
is	O
less	O
efficient	O
,	O
since	O
a	O
approximately	O
300	O
-	O
kDa	O
intermediate	O
(	O
NSP2	O
-	O
3	O
)	O
is	O
detected	O
,	O
but	O
ultimately	O
nsp2	B-PRGE
(	O
p71	B-PRGE
)	O
and	O
nsp3	B-PRGE
(	O
p213	O
)	O
are	O
generated	O
.	O

Bronchoalveolar	B-ANAT
lavage	I-ANAT
fluid	I-ANAT
from	O
ALI	O
/	O
ARDS	B-DISO
patients	O
activates	O
procollagen	B-PRGE
I	I-PRGE
promoter	I-PRGE
,	O
which	O
is	O
due	O
partly	O
to	O
TGF	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
beta1	I-PRGE
.	O

During	O
an	O
outbreak	O
of	O
such	O
a	O
disease	O
,	O
the	O
environment	O
that	O
the	O
infectious	B-DISO
agent	O
experiences	O
is	O
therefore	O
changing	O
due	O
to	O
the	O
subsequent	O
control	O
measures	O
taken	O
.	O

A	O
description	O
of	O
the	O
diagnostic	O
findings	O
is	O
provided	O
in	O
chronological	O
order	B-SPEC
.	O

Lambs	B-SPEC
were	O
consecutively	O
assigned	O
to	O
CMV	B-SPEC
treatment	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
8	O
)	O
or	O
CMV	B-SPEC
plus	O
AV	O
-	O
ECMO	O
therapy	O
using	O
up	O
to	O
15	O
%	O
of	O
the	O
cardiac	B-ANAT
output	O
for	O
the	O
AV	B-ANAT
shunt	I-ANAT
flow	O
during	O
a	O
6	O
-	O
hour	O
study	O
period	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
9	O
).	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
A	O
novel	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
(	O
CoV	O
)	O
has	O
been	O
described	O
in	O
association	O
with	O
cases	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
).	O

In	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
we	O
examined	O
whether	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
could	O
productively	O
infect	O
purified	O
monocytes	B-ANAT
/	O
macrophages	B-ANAT
(	O
PM	O
)	O
derived	O
from	O
human	B-SPEC
donor	B-CHED
cells	B-COMP
.	O

This	O
finding	O
was	O
similar	O
to	O
results	O
reported	O
for	O
OC43	O
-	O
infected	O
cells	B-COMP
,	O
with	O
titers	O
ranging	O
from	O
10	O
(	O
1	O
.	O
2	O
)	O
to	O
10	O
(	O
2	O
.	O
7	O
)	O
TCID50	O
/	O
ml	O
.	O

Of	O
interest	O
,	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
proteins	B-CHED
were	O
detected	O
only	O
in	O
PM	O
that	O
did	O
not	O
produce	O
significant	O
amounts	O
of	O
interferon	B-PRGE
(	O
IFN	O
)-	O
alpha	O
,	O
and	O
in	O
one	O
such	O
case	O
,	O
preliminary	O
electron	O
microscope	O
studies	O
demonstrated	O
that	O
SARS	O
-	O
CoV	O
-	O
like	O
particles	O
could	O
enter	O
the	O
cells	B-COMP
,	O
possibly	O
via	O
phagocytosis	B-PROC
.	O

These	O
results	O
suggest	O
that	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
,	O
like	O
human	B-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
OC43	I-PRGE
,	O
poorly	O
infects	O
human	B-SPEC
PM	O
,	O
and	O
production	O
of	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
alpha	I-PRGE
by	O
these	O
cells	B-COMP
further	O
limits	O
the	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
modify	O
conventional	O
poly	O
-	O
L	O
-	O
lysine	O
coating	O
for	O
oligonucleotide	B-CHED
microarray	O
preparation	O
so	O
as	O
to	O
enhance	O
the	O
sensitivity	O
of	O
the	O
microarray	O
.	O

METHODS	O
:	O
The	O
proposed	O
chemical	O
approaches	O
included	O
silanizing	O
the	O
slides	O
with	O
3	O
-	O
glycid	O
-	O
oxypropyltrimethoxysilane	O
(	O
GOPS	O
)	O
after	O
cleaning	O
,	O
followed	O
by	O
slide	O
coating	O
with	O
polymers	B-CHED
(	O
poly	O
-	O
L	B-CHED
-	I-CHED
lysine	I-CHED
)	O
that	O
was	O
covalently	O
bound	O
to	O
the	O
modified	O
glass	O
.	O

The	O
mean	O
IgG	B-PRGE
level	O
peaked	O
in	O
July	O
(	O
1	O
.	O
203	O
),	O
about	O
35	O
days	O
after	O
discharge	B-ANAT
,	O
and	O
then	O
gradually	O
declined	O
to	O
0	O
.	O
857	O
in	O
December	O
,	O
a	O
decline	O
by	O
27	O
.	O
3	O
%.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
All	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
generate	O
specific	O
antibody	B-COMP
against	O
the	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
.	O

Twelve	O
sets	O
of	O
rabbit	B-SPEC
serum	B-COMP
were	O
sampled	O
from	O
the	O
third	O
day	O
to	O
the	O
seventy	O
-	O
fourth	O
day	O
after	O
the	O
first	O
vaccination	O
.	O

In	O
this	O
review	O
,	O
SARS	B-DISO
is	O
discussed	O
as	O
a	O
disease	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
its	O
diagnosis	O
,	O
management	O
and	O
pharmacotherapy	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
The	O
state	O
of	O
the	O
science	O
of	O
health	O
care	O
epidemiology	O
,	O
infection	B-DISO
control	O
,	O
and	O
patient	O
safety	O
,	O
2004	O
.	O

Transmission	O
is	O
possible	O
when	O
aerosolised	O
viral	B-COMP
particles	I-COMP
come	O
into	O
contact	O
with	O
the	O
susceptible	O
host	O
'	O
s	O
mucous	B-ANAT
membrane	I-ANAT
,	O
most	O
commonly	O
the	O
nose	B-ANAT
,	O
but	O
also	O
the	O
mouth	B-ANAT
and	O
eyes	B-ANAT
.	O

These	O
include	O
determinations	O
of	O
virus	B-SPEC
yield	O
and	O
measurements	O
of	O
virus	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
to	O
flow	O
cytometry	O
and	O
confocal	O
analysis	O
of	O
the	O
host	B-COMP
cell	I-COMP
.	O

About	O
30	O
new	O
diseases	O
have	O
been	O
identified	O
,	O
including	O
Legionnaires	B-DISO
'	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
,	O
human	B-DISO
immunodeficiency	I-DISO
virus	I-DISO
(	O
HIV	B-DISO
)/	O
acquired	B-DISO
immune	I-DISO
deficiency	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
AIDS	O
),	O
hepatitis	B-PATH
C	I-PATH
,	O
bovine	B-DISO
spongiform	I-DISO
encephalopathy	I-DISO
(	O
BSE	B-DISO
)/	O
variant	B-DISO
Creutzfeldt	I-DISO
-	I-DISO
Jakob	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
(	O
vCJD	B-DISO
),	O
Nipah	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
,	O
several	O
viral	B-DISO
hemorrhagic	I-DISO
fevers	I-DISO
and	O
,	O
most	O
recently	O
,	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
and	O
avian	B-DISO
influenza	I-DISO
.	O

Dengue	B-DISO
fever	I-DISO
is	O
endemic	O
in	O
many	O
of	O
the	O
countries	O
in	O
which	O
the	O
large	O
SARS	B-DISO
outbreaks	O
occurred	O
in	O
early	O
2003	O
.	O

We	O
compared	O
the	O
laboratory	O
features	O
of	O
55	O
adult	O
patients	O
with	O
SARS	B-DISO
at	O
presentation	O
(	O
who	O
were	O
all	O
admitted	O
before	O
radiological	O
changes	O
had	O
occurred	O
)	O
and	O
147	O
patients	O
with	O
dengue	B-DISO
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Multivariate	O
analysis	O
identified	O
3	O
laboratory	O
features	O
that	O
together	O
are	O
highly	O
predictive	O
of	O
a	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
dengue	B-DISO
and	O
able	O
to	O
rule	O
out	O
the	O
possibility	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
:	O
platelet	B-ANAT
count	O
of	O
<	O
140	O
x	O
10	O
(	O
9	O
)	O
platelets	B-ANAT
/	O
L	O
,	O
white	B-ANAT
blood	I-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
count	O
of	O
<	O
5x10	O
(	O
9	O
)	O
cells	B-COMP
/	O
L	O
,	O
and	O
aspartate	B-PRGE
aminotransferase	I-PRGE
level	O
of	O
>	O
34	O
IU	O
/	O
L	O
.	O
A	O
combination	O
of	O
these	O
parameters	O
has	O
a	O
sensitivity	O
of	O
75	O
%	O
and	O
a	O
specificity	O
of	O
100	O
%.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
The	O
-	O
omics	O
era	B-CHED
and	O
its	O
impact	O
.	O

Manuscripts	O
address	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
molecular	O
techniques	O
in	O
the	O
detection	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
and	O
bacterial	B-PRGE
ribosome	I-PRGE
mutations	I-PRGE
,	O
which	O
may	O
lead	O
to	O
ribosome	B-COMP
-	O
targeted	B-PROC
drug	B-PROC
resistance	I-PROC
;	O
pharmacogenomics	O
as	O
a	O
clinical	O
laboratory	O
service	O
and	O
example	O
of	O
warfarin	B-CHED
dosing	O
using	O
CYP2C9	B-PRGE
mutation	I-PRGE
analysis	O
;	O
definition	O
of	O
the	O
potential	O
of	O
cytosine	B-CHED
arabinoside	I-CHED
incorporation	O
into	O
DNA	O
to	O
disrupt	O
transcription	B-PROC
using	O
an	O
in	O
vitro	O
model	O
of	O
oligonucleotides	B-CHED
;	O
use	O
of	O
laser	B-SPEC
capture	O
microdissection	O
to	O
isolate	O
solid	B-DISO
tumor	I-DISO
cells	O
free	O
of	O
nontumor	O
cells	B-COMP
;	O
and	O
molecular	O
methods	O
used	O
to	O
classify	O
lymphomas	B-DISO
.	O

Laser	B-SPEC
capture	O
microdissection	O
of	O
tumor	B-ANAT
cells	B-COMP
can	O
provide	O
an	O
adequate	O
number	O
of	O
cells	B-COMP
for	O
whole	O
genome	O
amplification	B-DISO
.	O

MEDLINE	O
search	O
of	O
all	O
studies	O
related	O
to	O
SARS	B-DISO
,	O
including	O
review	O
of	O
the	O
Centers	O
for	O
Disease	O
Control	O
and	O
Prevention	O
,	O
World	O
Health	O
Organization	O
(	O
WHO	O
),	O
and	O
Health	O
Canada	O
Web	B-DISO
sites	O
.	O

Elderly	O
people	O
and	O
those	O
with	O
comorbid	O
illnesses	O
were	O
at	O
greatest	O
risk	O
of	O
complications	O
or	O
death	B-PROC
.	O

The	O
use	O
of	O
gloves	O
,	O
gowns	O
,	O
N95	O
masks	O
,	O
and	O
eye	B-ANAT
protection	O
was	O
effective	O
in	O
preventing	O
transmission	O
.	O

These	O
results	O
were	O
validated	O
by	O
real	O
-	O
time	O
polymerase	O
chain	O
reaction	O
and	O
immunohistochemistry	O
studies	O
,	O
with	O
PBEF	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
levels	O
significantly	O
increased	O
in	O
both	O
bronchoalveolar	B-ANAT
lavage	I-ANAT
fluid	I-ANAT
and	O
serum	B-COMP
of	O
ALI	O
models	O
and	O
in	O
cytokine	O
-	O
or	O
cyclic	O
stretch	O
-	O
activated	O
lung	B-ANAT
microvascular	O
endothelium	B-ANAT
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Exogenous	O
nitric	B-CHED
oxide	I-CHED
donor	I-CHED
and	O
related	O
compounds	O
protect	O
against	O
lung	B-ANAT
inflammatory	B-PROC
response	I-PROC
after	O
hemorrhagic	B-DISO
shock	I-DISO
and	O
resuscitation	O
.	O

This	O
study	O
investigated	O
the	O
capability	O
of	O
an	O
exogenous	O
nitric	B-CHED
oxide	I-CHED
(	O
NO	O
)	O
donor	B-CHED
,	O
sodium	B-CHED
nitroprusside	I-CHED
(	O
NP	O
);	O
a	O
NO	O
substrate	O
,	O
L	B-CHED
-	I-CHED
arginine	I-CHED
;	O
and	O
an	O
inducible	O
NO	B-PRGE
synthase	I-PRGE
inhibitor	B-CHED
,	O
L	O
-	O
N6	O
-(	O
1	O
-	O
iminoethyl	O
)	O
lysine	B-CHED
(	O
L	O
-	O
NIL	O
)	O
to	O
reduce	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
in	O
an	O
animal	B-SPEC
model	O
of	O
mixed	O
controlled	O
and	O
uncontrolled	O
hemorrhagic	B-DISO
shock	I-DISO
.	O

After	O
the	O
period	O
of	O
hemorrhagic	B-DISO
shock	I-DISO
,	O
resuscitation	O
of	O
the	O
groups	O
was	O
accomplished	O
using	O
normal	O
saline	O
(	O
groups	O
1	O
and	O
3	O
),	O
NP	O
(	O
0	O
.	O
5	O
mg	O
/	O
kg	O
)	O
(	O
groups	O
2	O
and	O
4	O
),	O
L	B-CHED
-	I-CHED
arginine	I-CHED
(	O
300	O
mg	O
/	O
kg	O
)	O
(	O
group	O
5	O
),	O
or	O
L	O
-	O
NIL	O
(	O
50	O
mg	O
/	O
kg	O
)	O
(	O
group	O
6	O
).	O

Furthermore	O
,	O
the	O
expression	B-PROC
of	O
cytokines	O
was	O
reduced	O
by	O
NP	O
treatment	O
.	O

Hold	O
disaster	O
drills	B-SPEC
in	O
which	O
you	O
must	O
handle	O
infectious	B-DISO
patients	O
.	O

ED	O
staff	O
,	O
particularly	O
the	O
triage	O
nurses	O
,	O
need	O
training	O
in	O
early	O
recognition	O
of	O
presenting	O
symptoms	O
of	O
infectious	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
.	O

Serum	B-COMP
anti	O
-	O
N	O
immunoglobulins	O
and	O
splenocytes	O
proliferative	B-DISO
responses	O
against	O
N	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
were	O
observed	O
in	O
immunized	O
BALB	O
/	O
c	O
mice	B-SPEC
.	O

In	O
order	B-SPEC
to	O
study	O
the	O
spike	O
(	O
S	O
)	O
protein	B-CHED
of	O
this	O
highly	O
contagious	O
virus	B-SPEC
,	O
we	O
established	O
a	O
clonal	B-ANAT
cell	B-COMP
-	O
line	O
,	O
CHO	B-FUNC
-	O
SG	O
,	O
from	O
the	O
Chinese	B-SPEC
hamster	I-SPEC
ovary	B-ANAT
cells	B-COMP
that	O
stably	O
expresses	O
C	O
-	O
terminally	O
EGFP	O
-	O
tagged	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
S	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
(	O
S	O
-	O
EGFP	O
).	O

This	O
interaction	O
could	O
be	O
blocked	O
by	O
either	O
the	O
serum	B-COMP
from	O
a	O
SARS	B-DISO
convalescent	O
patient	O
or	O
a	O
goat	B-SPEC
anti	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
ACE2	I-PRGE
antibody	I-PRGE
,	O
indicating	O
that	O
the	O
interaction	O
is	O
specific	O
.	O

The	O
region	O
is	O
useful	O
for	O
studying	O
neutralizing	O
antibodies	B-COMP
in	O
future	O
vaccine	O
development	B-PROC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Inhaling	B-PROC
to	O
mitigate	O
exhaled	B-PROC
bioaerosols	O
.	O

These	O
""""	O
exhaled	B-PROC
bioaerosols	O
""""	O
may	O
carry	O
airborne	O
pathogens	O
and	O
thereby	O
magnify	O
the	O
spread	O
of	O
certain	O
infectious	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
,	O
such	O
as	O
influenza	B-DISO
,	O
tuberculosis	B-PATH
,	O
and	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

We	O
hypothesize	O
that	O
,	O
by	O
altering	O
lung	B-ANAT
airway	B-ANAT
surface	O
properties	O
through	O
an	O
inhaled	B-PROC
nontoxic	O
aerosol	O
,	O
we	O
might	O
substantially	O
diminish	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
exhaled	B-PROC
bioaerosol	O
droplets	O
and	O
thereby	O
provide	O
a	O
simple	O
means	O
to	O
potentially	O
mitigate	O
the	O
spread	O
of	O
airborne	O
infectious	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
independently	O
of	O
the	O
identity	O
of	O
the	O
airborne	O
pathogen	O
or	O
the	O
nature	O
of	O
any	O
specific	O
therapy	O
.	O

For	O
DNA	O
viruses	B-SPEC
such	O
as	O
variola	B-DISO
(	O
smallpox	B-DISO
),	O
three	O
target	O
genomes	O
provide	O
sufficient	O
guidance	O
for	O
selecting	O
species	O
-	O
wide	O
signatures	O
.	O

Severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
and	O
Ebola	O
Zaire	O
are	O
exceptional	O
,	O
as	O
additional	O
target	O
genomes	O
currently	O
do	O
not	O
improve	O
predictions	O
,	O
but	O
near	O
-	O
neighbor	O
sequences	O
are	O
urgently	O
needed	O
.	O

The	O
crystals	B-ANAT
have	O
unit	O
-	O
cell	B-COMP
parameters	O
a	O
=	O
121	O
.	O
2	O
,	O
b	O
=	O
66	O
.	O
3	O
,	O
c	O
=	O
70	O
.	O
0	O
A	O
,	O
alpha	O
=	O
gamma	O
=	O
90	O
,	O
beta	O
=	O
107	O
.	O
4	O
degrees	O
and	O
belong	O
to	O
space	O
group	O
C2	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
This	O
study	O
aimed	O
to	O
examine	O
the	O
short	O
-	O
term	O
adjustment	O
outcomes	O
including	O
distress	O
,	O
self	O
-	O
esteem	O
,	O
and	O
quality	O
of	O
life	O
among	O
Chinese	O
patients	O
after	O
1	O
-	O
month	O
recovery	O
from	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
in	O
Hong	O
Kong	O
and	O
to	O
investigate	O
the	O
predictive	O
abilities	O
of	O
a	O
set	O
of	O
selected	O
variables	O
on	O
the	O
outcomes	O
.	O

Future	O
research	O
on	O
the	O
long	O
-	O
term	O
impact	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
is	O
recommended	O
.	O

Here	O
,	O
we	O
examined	O
the	O
heat	O
inactivation	B-DISO
ability	O
of	O
an	O
agent	O
of	O
the	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
),	O
SARS	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
CoV	O
).	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
was	O
easily	O
inactivated	O
by	O
this	O
treatment	O
for	O
60	O
min	O
in	O
all	O
in	O
-	O
process	O
samples	O
.	O

The	O
incidence	O
of	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
,	O
heart	B-ANAT
injury	O
,	O
brain	B-ANAT
injury	O
,	O
and	O
atropine	B-CHED
poisoning	O
were	O
also	O
lower	O
in	O
pre	O
-	O
hospital	O
group	O
compared	O
with	O
in	O
-	O
patient	O
group	O
(	O
all	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
01	O
).	O

Recombinant	O
baculovirus	B-SPEC
expressing	O
different	O
deletion	O
and	O
insertion	O
fragments	O
identified	O
the	O
functional	O
region	O
of	O
S	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
from	O
aa	O
324	O
-	O
688	O
(	O
particularly	O
the	O
N	O
-	O
terminal	O
aa	O
324	O
-	O
488	O
and	O
the	O
C	O
-	O
terminal	O
aa	O
609	O
-	O
688	O
),	O
which	O
is	O
responsible	O
for	O
IL	O
-	O
8	O
production	O
.	O

The	O
loss	O
of	O
control	O
in	O
trafficking	B-PROC
these	O
cells	B-COMP
contributes	O
to	O
inflammatory	O
diseases	O
.	O

The	O
group	O
recommended	O
preparation	O
for	O
studies	O
,	O
including	O
protocols	O
,	O
ethical	O
considerations	O
,	O
Web	B-DISO
-	O
based	O
registries	O
,	O
and	O
data	O
entry	O
systems	O
.	O

All	O
,	O
but	O
one	O
received	O
quinine	B-CHED
therapy	O
and	O
a	O
loading	O
dose	O
was	O
performed	O
in	O
34	O
%.	O

Seven	O
patients	O
(	O
22	O
%)	O
had	O
community	O
-	O
acquired	O
coinfections	B-DISO
and	O
six	O
(	O
19	O
%)	O
had	O
nosocomial	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
.	O

Causes	O
of	O
death	B-PROC
were	O
refractory	B-DISO
shock	I-DISO
,	O
cerebral	B-DISO
edema	I-DISO
,	O
and	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Expression	B-PROC
of	O
cellular	B-COMP
oncogene	O
Bcl	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
xL	I-PRGE
prevents	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
-	O
induced	O
cell	B-PROC
death	I-PROC
and	O
converts	O
acute	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
to	O
persistent	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
in	O
progenitor	O
rat	B-SPEC
oligodendrocytes	B-ANAT
.	O

This	O
finding	O
indicates	O
that	O
intracellular	B-COMP
factors	O
rather	O
than	O
viral	B-ANAT
components	I-ANAT
play	O
a	O
critical	O
role	O
in	O
establishing	O
viral	O
persistence	O
in	O
CNS	B-CHED
cells	B-COMP
.	O

Although	O
viral	O
genomic	O
RNAs	O
continuously	O
persisted	O
in	O
Bcl	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
xL	I-PRGE
-	O
expressing	O
CG	O
-	O
4	O
cells	B-COMP
over	O
10	O
passages	O
,	O
infectious	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
could	O
no	O
longer	O
be	O
isolated	O
beyond	O
2	O
passages	O
of	O
the	O
cell	B-COMP
.	O

Thus	O
,	O
the	O
establishment	O
of	O
a	O
persistent	O
,	O
nonproductive	O
infection	B-DISO
in	O
CG	O
-	O
4	O
cells	B-COMP
may	O
provide	O
a	O
useful	O
in	O
vitro	O
model	O
for	O
studying	O
viral	O
persistence	O
in	O
animal	B-SPEC
CNS	B-CHED
.	O

When	O
administered	O
intranasally	O
,	O
SARS	B-DISO
CoV	O
replicates	O
to	O
high	O
titers	O
in	O
the	O
lungs	B-ANAT
and	O
nasal	B-ANAT
turbinates	I-ANAT
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Respiratory	O
and	O
cadiovascular	O
management	O
of	O
septic	O
ALI	O
-	O
ARDS	B-DISO
and	O
shock	O
].	O

Aggressive	B-DISO
infusion	O
of	O
crystalloid	B-COMP
and	O
colloid	B-ANAT
is	O
recommended	O
for	O
septic	B-DISO
shock	I-DISO
,	O
but	O
blood	B-ANAT
transfusion	O
and	O
bicarbonate	B-CHED
administration	O
are	O
not	O
recommended	O
.	O

Vasopressors	O
are	O
recommended	O
for	O
septic	B-DISO
shock	I-DISO
:	O
preference	O
for	O
norepinephrine	B-CHED
and	O
cautious	O
use	O
of	O
vasopressin	B-PRGE
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
report	O
an	O
unexpected	O
cause	O
of	O
carboxyhemoglobinemia	B-DISO
associated	O
with	O
inhaled	B-PROC
nitric	B-CHED
oxide	I-CHED
therapy	O
in	O
severe	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
In	O
the	O
winter	O
season	O
2001	O
-	O
2002	O
,	O
239	O
nasopharyngeal	B-ANAT
aspirate	I-ANAT
and	O
15	O
bronchoalveolar	O
lavage	O
samples	O
from	O
208	O
patients	O
(	O
135	O
pediatric	O
and	O
73	O
adults	O
,	O
including	O
19	O
lung	B-ANAT
transplant	B-ANAT
recipients	O
)	O
admitted	O
to	O
hospital	O
because	O
of	O
an	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
tract	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
were	O
examined	O
for	O
rapid	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
respiratory	O
viruses	B-SPEC
by	O
two	O
diagnostic	O
approaches	O
:	O
immunological	O
,	O
using	O
specific	O
monoclonal	O
antibodies	B-COMP
(	O
MAb	O
);	O
and	O
molecular	O
,	O
using	O
specific	O
reverse	B-PROC
transcription	I-PROC
(	O
RT	O
)-	O
PCR	O
assays	O
.	O

Both	O
methods	O
detected	O
influenza	B-SPEC
viruses	I-SPEC
A	O
(	O
H1N1	O
and	O
H3N2	B-CHED
)	O
and	O
B	O
,	O
human	B-SPEC
parainfluenza	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
types	O
1	O
to	O
3	O
,	O
human	B-SPEC
respiratory	I-SPEC
syncytial	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
hRSV	B-SPEC
)	O
types	O
A	O
and	O
B	O
,	O
and	O
human	B-SPEC
adenoviruses	B-SPEC
.	O

IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
gamma	I-PRGE
,	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
18	I-FUNC
,	O
TGF	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
beta	I-PRGE
,	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
6	I-FUNC
,	O
IP	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
10	I-PRGE
,	O
MCP	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
,	O
MIG	O
,	O
and	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
8	I-FUNC
,	O
but	O
not	O
of	O
TNF	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
alpha	I-PRGE
,	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
2	I-FUNC
,	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
4	I-FUNC
,	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
10	I-FUNC
,	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
13	I-FUNC
,	O
or	O
TNFRI	B-PRGE
,	O
were	O
highly	O
elevated	O
in	O
the	O
acute	O
phase	O
sera	B-COMP
of	O
Taiwan	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
.	O

The	O
model	O
structures	O
the	O
incidence	O
of	O
infection	B-DISO
according	O
to	O
the	O
location	O
of	O
an	O
infected	O
individual	O
at	O
exposure	O
,	O
and	O
requires	O
knowledge	O
of	O
the	O
infectivity	O
kernel	O
and	O
the	O
initial	O
rate	O
of	O
exponential	O
increase	O
of	O
cases	O
.	O

Inactivated	O
GZ50	O
was	O
used	O
to	O
immunize	O
mice	B-SPEC
intranasally	O
either	O
alone	O
,	O
or	O
after	O
precipitation	B-PROC
with	O
polyethylene	B-CHED
glycol	I-CHED
(	O
PEG	B-CHED
),	O
or	O
with	O
CpG	O
,	O
or	O
CTB	O
as	O
an	O
adjuvant	B-CHED
.	O

CoVs	O
enter	O
target	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
through	O
fusion	O
of	O
viral	O
and	O
cellular	B-COMP
membranes	B-ANAT
mediated	O
by	O
the	O
viral	B-PRGE
envelope	I-PRGE
glycoprotein	B-CHED
S	I-PRGE
.	O
We	O
have	O
determined	O
by	O
x	O
-	O
ray	B-SPEC
crystallography	O
the	O
structure	O
of	O
a	O
proteolytically	O
stable	O
core	O
fragment	O
from	O
the	O
heptad	O
repeat	O
(	O
HR	O
)	O
regions	O
HR1	O
and	O
HR2	O
of	O
the	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
S	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
.	O

The	O
structures	O
presented	O
here	O
can	O
thus	O
open	O
the	O
path	O
to	O
the	O
design	O
of	O
small	O
-	O
molecule	O
inhibitors	B-CHED
of	O
viral	O
entry	O
and	O
candidate	O
vaccine	O
antigens	B-CHED
against	O
this	O
virus	B-SPEC
.	O

In	O
this	O
paper	O
,	O
we	O
highlight	O
three	O
examples	O
of	O
emerging	O
pathogens	O
:	O
Nipah	O
and	O
Hendra	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
,	O
which	O
emerged	O
in	O
Malaysia	O
and	O
Australia	O
in	O
the	O
1990s	O
respectively	O
,	O
with	O
recent	O
outbreaks	O
caused	O
by	O
similar	O
viruses	B-SPEC
in	O
India	O
in	O
2000	O
and	O
Bangladesh	O
in	O
2004	O
;	O
West	B-DISO
Nile	I-DISO
virus	I-DISO
,	O
which	O
emerged	O
in	O
the	O
New	O
World	O
in	O
1999	O
;	O
and	O
amphibian	B-SPEC
chytridiomycosis	O
,	O
which	O
has	O
emerged	O
globally	O
as	O
a	O
threat	O
to	O
amphibian	B-SPEC
populations	O
and	O
a	O
major	O
cause	O
of	O
amphibian	B-SPEC
population	O
declines	O
.	O

Since	O
E	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CR1	I-PRGE
expression	B-PROC
is	O
influenced	O
by	O
the	O
genetic	B-PROC
polymorphisms	I-PROC
in	O
the	O
CR1	B-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
,	O
a	O
major	O
genetic	B-PROC
polymorphism	I-PROC
located	O
within	O
intron	O
27	O
of	O
the	O
CR1	B-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
was	O
simultaneously	O
analysed	O
by	O
polymerase	O
chain	O
reaction	O
(	O
PCR	O
)	O
and	O
restriction	O
fragment	O
length	O
polymorphism	B-PROC
(	O
RFLP	O
).	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Abstract	O
Serum	B-COMP
levels	O
of	O
IgG	B-PRGE
,	O
IgM	B-PRGE
and	O
IgA	B-PRGE
against	O
severe	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)-	O
associated	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
were	O
detected	O
serially	O
with	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
immunofluorescent	O
antibody	B-COMP
assays	O
in	O
30	O
patients	O
with	O
SARS	B-DISO
.	O

A	O
high	O
IgG	B-PRGE
level	O
(	O
1	O
:	O
800	O
)	O
could	O
persist	O
for	O
>	O
3	O
months	O
.	O

Significantly	O
more	O
GPs	B-DISO
had	O
worked	O
in	O
SARS	B-DISO
affected	O
facilities	O
and	O
had	O
been	O
directly	O
involved	O
in	O
the	O
care	O
of	O
patients	O
with	O
SARS	B-DISO
than	O
the	O
TCM	O
practitioners	O
(	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
001	O
).	O

Fatal	O
SARS	B-DISO
was	O
associated	O
with	O
multiorgan	O
viral	O
dissemination	O
in	O
a	O
distribution	O
that	O
has	O
implications	O
for	O
disease	O
manifestation	O
,	O
viral	B-DISO
shedding	I-DISO
,	O
and	O
transmission	O
.	O

Their	O
lengths	O
range	O
from	O
27	O
,	O
317	O
nt	O
for	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
229E	I-SPEC
to	O
31	O
,	O
357	O
nt	O
for	O
the	O
murine	B-DISO
hepatitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
-	O
A59	O
,	O
establishing	O
the	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
genome	O
as	O
the	O
largest	O
known	O
among	O
RNA	O
viruses	B-SPEC
.	O

Genes	O
for	O
the	O
major	O
structural	O
proteins	B-CHED
in	O
all	O
coronaviruses	O
occur	O
in	O
the	O
5	O
'	O
to	O
3	O
'	O
order	B-SPEC
as	O
S	O
,	O
E	O
,	O
M	O
,	O
and	O
N	O
.	O
The	O
precise	O
strategy	O
used	O
by	O
coronaviruses	O
for	O
genome	O
replication	O
is	O
not	O
yet	O
known	O
,	O
but	O
many	O
features	O
have	O
been	O
established	O
.	O

Like	O
many	O
other	O
RNA	O
viruses	O
,	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
may	O
subvert	O
these	O
cellular	B-COMP
proteins	B-CHED
from	O
cellular	B-COMP
RNA	B-PROC
processing	I-PROC
or	O
translation	B-PROC
machineries	O
to	O
play	O
a	O
role	O
in	O
viral	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
.	O

Additionally	O
,	O
the	O
relative	O
strengths	O
and	O
limitations	O
of	O
targeted	B-PROC
RNA	O
recombination	B-PROC
and	O
infectious	B-DISO
cDNA	O
systems	O
are	O
contrasted	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Knowledge	O
of	O
coronavirus	O
replication	O
,	O
transcription	B-PROC
,	O
and	O
virus	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
host	B-COMP
interaction	I-PROC
has	O
been	O
recently	O
improved	O
by	O
engineering	O
of	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
infectious	B-DISO
cDNAs	O
.	O

In	O
addition	O
,	O
mixed	O
-	O
metal	B-CHED
couples	O
such	O
as	O
valency	O
unmatched	O
forms	O
in	O
CuI	O
/	O
FeII	O
and	O
FeIII	O
/	O
MnIV	O
can	O
recycle	O
electrons	O
.	O

Furthermore	O
,	O
denaturation	B-PROC
-	O
renaturation	O
experiments	O
revealed	O
that	O
,	O
during	O
protein	B-PROC
refolding	I-PROC
,	O
Zn2	O
+	O
is	O
essential	O
for	O
the	O
rescue	O
of	O
the	O
enzymatic	O
activities	O
of	O
nidovirus	O
helicases	O
.	O

nsp10	O
ATPase	B-PRGE
/	O
helicase	B-PRGE
deficiency	O
resulting	O
from	O
single	O
-	O
residue	O
substitutions	O
in	O
the	O
ZBD	O
or	O
deletion	O
of	O
the	O
entire	O
domain	O
could	O
not	O
be	O
complemented	O
in	O
trans	O
by	O
wild	O
-	O
type	O
ZBD	O
,	O
suggesting	O
a	O
critical	O
function	O
of	O
the	O
ZBD	O
in	O
cis	B-DISO
.	O

Collectively	O
,	O
our	O
data	O
suggest	O
that	O
the	O
ZBD	O
is	O
critically	O
involved	O
in	O
nidovirus	B-SPEC
replication	O
and	O
transcription	B-PROC
by	O
modulating	O
the	O
enzymatic	O
activities	O
of	O
the	O
helicase	B-PRGE
domain	I-PRGE
and	O
other	O
,	O
yet	O
unknown	O
,	O
mechanisms	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Phosphorylation	B-PROC
of	O
the	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
nucleoprotein	O
(	O
N	O
protein	B-CHED
)	O
has	O
been	O
predicted	O
to	O
play	O
a	O
role	O
in	O
RNA	B-FUNC
binding	I-FUNC
.	O

Mass	O
spectroscopic	O
analysis	O
of	O
N	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
identified	O
phosphorylation	B-PROC
sites	O
that	O
were	O
proximal	O
to	O
RNA	B-FUNC
binding	I-FUNC
domains	O
.	O

Group	O
A	O
was	O
injected	O
intramuscularly	O
(	O
IM	O
)	O
with	O
soluble	O
pAPN	O
at	O
one	O
hour	O
before	O
intramuscular	O
infection	B-DISO
of	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
on	O
the	O
same	O
site	O
,	O
group	B-DISO
B	I-DISO
for	O
IM	O
simultaneous	O
injection	O
of	O
pAPN	O
and	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
,	O
and	O
group	O
C	O
for	O
IM	O
injection	O
of	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
only	O
.	O

The	O
study	O
included	O
patients	O
transferred	O
to	O
the	O
Intensive	O
Care	O
with	O
a	O
severe	O
acute	B-DISO
pancreatitis	I-DISO
diagnosis	O
and	O
with	O
a	O
respiratory	O
,	O
circulatory	B-PROC
and	O
renal	B-DISO
insufficiency	I-DISO
or	O
coagulopathy	B-DISO
,	O
or	O
with	O
the	O
combination	O
of	O
the	O
above	O
.	O

The	O
unfavourable	O
course	O
of	O
the	O
condition	B-DISO
was	O
also	O
characterized	O
by	O
a	O
need	O
for	O
more	O
intensive	O
therapies	O
:	O
those	O
,	O
who	O
exited	O
,	O
had	O
been	O
cathetrized	O
more	O
often	O
and	O
they	O
had	O
required	O
more	O
surgical	O
interventions	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
:	O
quantitative	O
assessment	O
from	O
chest	B-ANAT
radiographs	O
with	O
clinical	O
and	O
prognostic	O
correlation	O
.	O

Most	O
studies	O
focused	O
on	O
intravenous	O
fish	B-SPEC
oil	O
and	O
suggest	O
beneficial	O
effects	O
both	O
on	O
inflammatory	O
/	O
immune	O
parameters	O
and	O
patient	O
outcome	O
.	O

Studies	O
suggest	O
that	O
lipid	B-CHED
use	O
in	O
critically	B-DISO
ill	I-DISO
patients	O
may	O
be	O
improved	O
by	O
increased	O
knowledge	O
of	O
genetic	O
determinants	O
of	O
severity	O
of	O
injury	O
and	O
response	O
to	O
therapeutic	O
agents	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
by	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
tools	O
that	O
allow	O
better	O
timing	O
of	O
immunonutritional	O
intervention	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
In	O
order	B-SPEC
to	O
evaluate	O
the	O
efficacy	O
of	O
convalescent	O
plasma	O
therapy	O
in	O
the	O
treatment	O
of	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
),	O
80	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
were	O
given	O
convalescent	O
plasma	B-ANAT
at	O
Prince	O
of	O
Wales	O
Hospital	O
,	O
Hong	O
Kong	O
,	O
between	O
20	O
March	O
and	O
26	O
May	O
2003	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Clinical	O
manifestations	O
of	O
two	O
cases	O
with	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
in	O
I	O
-	O
Lan	B-DISO
County	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Severe	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
is	O
a	O
new	O
respiratory	B-ANAT
tract	I-ANAT
infectious	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
caused	O
by	O
a	O
novel	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
.	O

They	O
both	O
developed	O
infiltrations	O
over	O
uni	O
-	O
or	O
bilateral	O
lungs	B-ANAT
but	O
recovered	O
without	O
intubations	O
.	O

Fecal	B-ANAT
samples	O
found	O
positive	O
by	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
-	O
based	O
agarose	B-CHED
gel	O
electrophoresis	O
were	O
always	O
found	O
positive	O
by	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
-	O
based	O
dot	O
blot	O
hybridization	B-PROC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
A	O
reverse	O
genetics	O
system	O
for	O
the	O
avian	O
coronavirus	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
IBV	B-SPEC
)	O
has	O
been	O
described	O
in	O
which	O
a	O
full	O
-	O
length	O
cDNA	O
,	O
corresponding	O
to	O
the	O
IBV	B-SPEC
(	O
Beaudette	O
-	O
CK	O
)	O
genome	O
,	O
was	O
inserted	O
into	O
the	O
vaccinia	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
genome	O
following	O
in	O
vitro	O
assembly	O
of	O
three	O
contiguous	O
cDNAs	O
[	O
Casais	O
,	O
R	O
.,	O
Thiel	O
,	O
V	O
.,	O
Siddell	O
,	O
S	O
.	O
G	O
.,	O
Cavanagh	O
,	O
D	O
.,	O
Britton	O
,	O
P	O
.,	O
2001	O
.	O

This	O
study	O
is	O
a	O
retrospective	O
review	O
of	O
a	O
mask	O
-	O
fitting	B-DISO
programme	O
carried	O
out	O
in	O
the	O
intensive	O
care	O
unit	O
of	O
the	O
Prince	O
of	O
Wales	O
Hospital	O
in	O
Hong	O
Kong	O
.	O

Disease	O
spread	O
can	O
occur	O
through	O
direct	O
contact	O
or	O
via	O
indirect	O
methods	O
(	O
airborne	O
droplets	O
,	O
vectors	O
,	O
fomites	O
,	O
water	B-CHED
or	O
food	O
).	O

Patients	O
admitted	O
due	O
to	O
suspicion	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
with	O
a	O
subsequent	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
or	O
Mycoplasma	B-DISO
pneumoniae	I-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
were	O
included	O
.	O

In	O
those	O
with	O
unsatisfactory	O
resolution	O
of	O
the	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
infiltrates	I-DISO
,	O
corticosteroid	B-CHED
therapy	O
was	O
associated	O
with	O
rapid	O
radiographic	O
improvement	O
.	O

A	O
56	O
-	O
year	O
-	O
old	O
female	O
patient	O
with	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
with	O
tracheoesophageal	B-DISO
fistula	I-DISO
is	O
reported	O
.	O

She	O
was	O
intubated	O
for	O
ventilatory	O
support	O
3	O
days	O
after	O
admission	O
because	O
of	O
progressive	O
respiratory	B-DISO
distress	I-DISO
.	O

Methylprednisolone	B-CHED
pulse	B-PROC
therapy	O
followed	O
by	O
a	O
maintenance	O
dosage	O
was	O
given	O
due	O
to	O
persistence	O
of	O
bilateral	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
fibrosis	I-DISO
.	O

Tracheal	O
resection	O
and	O
primary	O
repair	B-PROC
for	O
the	O
esophageal	O
defect	O
was	O
performed	O
via	O
a	O
cervical	O
incision	B-ANAT
combined	O
with	O
partial	O
sternotomy	O
.	O

In	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
with	O
persistent	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
fibrosis	I-DISO
and	O
under	O
prolonged	O
corticosteroid	B-CHED
treatment	O
,	O
special	O
care	O
should	O
be	O
given	O
to	O
avoid	O
intubation	O
-	O
related	O
tracheal	O
injury	O
during	O
the	O
period	O
of	O
ventilatory	O
support	O
.	O

This	O
requires	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
methods	O
of	O
reading	O
genomes	O
with	O
high	O
accuracy	O
.	O

Rapid	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
sequencing	O
methods	O
,	O
like	O
shotgun	O
sequencing	O
or	O
sequencing	O
by	O
hybridization	B-PROC
(	O
SBH	B-DISO
),	O
gives	O
scientists	O
a	O
good	O
tool	O
for	O
reading	O
genomes	O
.	O

We	O
detected	O
fifteen	O
substitutions	O
of	O
nucleotides	B-CHED
by	O
comparisons	O
with	O
the	O
seventeen	O
published	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
genome	O
sequences	O
,	O
eight	O
(	O
53	O
.	O
3	O
%)	O
of	O
which	O
are	O
non	O
-	O
synonymous	O
mutations	O
leading	O
to	O
amino	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
alternations	O
with	O
predicted	O
physiochemical	O
changes	O
.	O

The	O
possible	O
antigenic	O
determinants	O
of	O
the	O
S	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
are	O
predicted	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
result	O
is	O
confirmed	O
by	O
ELISA	O
(	O
enzyme	O
-	O
linked	O
immunosorbent	O
assay	O
)	O
with	O
synthesized	O
peptides	B-CHED
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
We	O
studied	O
structural	O
and	O
immunological	O
properties	O
of	O
the	O
SARS	O
-	O
CoV	O
M	O
(	O
membrane	B-COMP
)	O
protein	B-CHED
,	O
based	O
on	O
comparative	O
analyses	O
of	O
sequence	O
features	O
,	O
phylogenetic	O
investigation	O
,	O
and	O
experimental	O
results	O
.	O

The	O
four	O
substitutions	O
detected	O
in	O
the	O
M	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
,	O
which	O
cause	O
non	O
-	O
synonymous	O
changes	O
,	O
can	O
be	O
classified	O
into	O
three	O
types	O
.	O

Phylogenetic	O
tree	O
building	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
variations	O
of	O
the	O
M	O
protein	O
appears	O
to	O
support	O
the	O
non	O
-	O
human	B-SPEC
origin	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
.	O
To	O
investigate	O
its	O
immunogenicity	O
,	O
we	O
synthesized	O
eight	O
oligopeptides	B-CHED
covering	O
69	O
.	O
2	O
%	O
of	O
the	O
entire	O
ORF	O
and	O
screened	O
them	O
by	O
using	O
ELISA	O
(	O
enzyme	O
-	O
linked	O
immunosorbent	O
assay	O
)	O
with	O
sera	B-COMP
from	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
The	O
E	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
is	O
a	O
multifunctional	O
membrane	B-COMP
protein	B-CHED
of	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
.	O
ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
E	B-PRGE
(	I-PRGE
envelope	B-COMP
)	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
is	O
the	O
smallest	O
structural	O
protein	B-CHED
in	O
all	O
coronaviruses	O
and	O
is	O
the	O
only	O
viral	O
structural	O
protein	B-CHED
in	O
which	O
no	O
variation	O
has	O
been	O
detected	O
.	O

Our	O
phylogenetic	O
analyses	O
of	O
the	O
E	O
protein	B-CHED
sequences	O
in	O
all	O
published	O
coronaviruses	O
place	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
in	O
an	O
independent	O
group	O
in	O
Coronaviridae	B-SPEC
and	O
suggest	O
a	O
non	O
-	O
human	B-SPEC
animal	B-SPEC
origin	O
.	O

The	O
abundant	O
antigenic	O
sites	O
predicted	O
in	O
the	O
N	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
experimental	O
evidence	O
with	O
synthesized	O
polypeptides	O
,	O
indicate	O
that	O
the	O
N	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
is	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
major	O
antigens	B-CHED
of	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
.	O
Compared	O
with	O
other	O
viral	O
structural	O
proteins	B-CHED
,	O
the	O
low	O
variation	O
rate	O
of	O
the	O
N	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
with	O
regards	O
to	O
its	O
size	O
suggests	O
its	O
importance	O
to	O
the	O
survival	O
of	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
can	O
be	O
mild	O
in	O
children	O
.	O

The	O
use	O
of	O
the	O
World	O
Health	O
Organization	O
/	O
Centers	O
for	O
Disease	O
Control	O
and	O
Prevention	O
case	O
definitions	O
may	O
not	O
be	O
adequate	O
for	O
the	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
in	O
children	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Successful	O
treatment	O
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
and	O
severe	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
hypertension	I-DISO
in	O
a	O
child	O
with	O
Bordetella	B-SPEC
pertussis	B-DISO
infection	B-DISO
.	O

Pulmonary	B-DISO
hypertension	I-DISO
is	O
an	O
early	O
sign	O
of	O
potentially	O
fatal	O
disease	O
and	O
can	O
cause	O
failure	O
of	O
conventional	O
respiratory	O
therapy	O
in	O
severe	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
).	O

After	O
conventional	O
ventilation	O
,	O
surfactant	B-CHED
and	O
high	O
frequency	O
oscillation	O
ventilation	O
(	O
HFOV	O
)	O
failed	O
,	O
treatment	O
with	O
nitric	B-CHED
oxide	I-CHED
(	O
NO	O
)	O
improved	O
oxygenation	B-PROC
,	O
allowing	O
recovery	O
without	O
the	O
need	O
for	O
ECMO	O
.	O

We	O
now	O
report	O
complete	O
genome	O
sequences	O
of	O
the	O
BJ	O
Group	O
,	O
including	O
four	O
isolates	O
(	O
Isolates	O
BJ01	O
,	O
BJ02	O
,	O
BJ03	O
,	O
and	O
BJ04	O
)	O
of	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
.	O
It	O
is	O
remarkable	O
that	O
all	O
members	O
of	O
the	O
BJ	O
Group	O
share	O
a	O
common	O
haplotype	O
,	O
consisting	O
of	O
seven	O
loci	O
that	O
differentiate	O
the	O
group	O
from	O
other	O
isolates	O
published	O
to	O
date	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
In	O
order	O
to	O
develop	O
clinical	O
diagnostic	O
tools	O
for	O
rapid	O
detection	O
of	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
(	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
-	O
associated	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
)	O
and	O
to	O
identify	O
candidate	O
proteins	B-CHED
for	O
vaccine	O
development	B-PROC
,	O
the	O
C	O
-	O
terminal	O
portion	O
of	O
the	O
nucleocapsid	B-COMP
(	O
NC	O
)	O
gene	O
was	O
amplified	O
using	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
from	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
genome	O
,	O
cloned	O
into	O
a	O
yeast	B-SPEC
expression	B-PROC
vector	O
(	O
pEGH	O
),	O
and	O
expressed	B-PROC
as	O
a	O
glutathione	B-PRGE
S	O
-	O
transferase	O
(	O
GST	B-PRGE
)	O
and	O
Hisx6	O
double	O
-	O
tagged	O
fusion	O
protein	B-CHED
under	O
the	O
control	O
of	O
an	O
inducible	O
promoter	O
.	O

The	O
NC	B-PRGE
fusion	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
demonstrated	O
high	O
antigenicity	O
with	O
high	O
specificity	O
,	O
and	O
therefore	O
,	O
it	O
should	O
have	O
great	O
potential	O
in	O
designing	O
clinical	O
diagnostic	O
tools	O
and	O
provide	O
useful	O
information	O
for	O
vaccine	O
development	O
.	O

Whether	O
the	O
N	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
in	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
-	O
associated	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
is	O
antigenic	O
remains	O
to	O
be	O
elucidated	O
.	O

Furthermore	O
,	O
the	O
epitope	B-CHED
sites	O
in	O
the	O
N	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
were	O
determined	O
by	O
competition	O
experiments	O
,	O
in	O
which	O
the	O
recombinant	O
proteins	B-CHED
or	O
the	O
synthesized	O
peptides	B-CHED
competed	O
against	O
the	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
proteins	B-CHED
to	O
bind	B-FUNC
to	O
the	O
antibodies	B-COMP
raised	O
in	O
SARS	B-DISO
sera	B-COMP
.	O

Using	O
Enzyme	O
-	O
Linked	O
Immunosorbent	O
Assay	O
(	O
ELISA	O
),	O
these	O
peptides	B-CHED
were	O
screened	O
in	O
the	O
sera	B-COMP
from	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
.	O

According	O
to	O
these	O
results	O
,	O
two	O
fragments	O
of	O
the	O
S	B-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
were	O
amplified	O
by	O
PCR	O
and	O
cloned	O
into	O
pET	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
32a	I-PRGE
.	O

Eight	O
ORFs	O
partially	O
overlapped	O
with	O
or	O
embedded	O
into	O
those	O
of	O
known	O
genes	O
,	O
revealing	O
that	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
genome	O
is	O
a	O
small	O
and	O
compact	O
one	O
with	O
overlapped	O
coding	O
regions	O
.	O

We	O
have	O
also	O
annotated	O
non	O
-	O
coding	O
regions	O
and	O
identified	O
the	O
transcription	B-PROC
regulating	O
sequences	O
(	O
TRS	B-DISO
)	O
in	O
the	O
intergenic	O
regions	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Preliminary	O
study	O
on	O
the	O
detection	O
of	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
specific	O
target	O
cDNA	O
fragments	O
by	O
multiplex	O
PCR	O
.	O

The	O
target	O
cDNA	O
fragments	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
were	O
synthesized	O
artificially	O
according	O
to	O
the	O
genome	O
sequence	O
of	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
in	O
GenBank	O
submitted	O
by	O
The	O
Chinese	O
University	O
of	O
Hong	O
Kong	O
,	O
and	O
were	O
used	O
as	O
simulated	O
positive	O
samples	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
although	O
the	O
rapid	O
identification	O
of	O
the	O
agent	O
represented	O
an	O
important	O
breakthrough	O
,	O
our	O
understanding	O
of	O
the	O
deadly	O
virus	B-SPEC
remains	O
limited	O
.	O

ELISA	O
detection	O
verified	O
10	O
positive	O
phage	O
antibodies	B-COMP
that	O
were	O
highly	O
specific	O
for	O
SARS	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
Human	B-SPEC
phage	O
antibody	B-COMP
library	O
against	O
SARS	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
has	O
been	O
constructed	O
successfully	O
,	O
from	O
which	O
10	B-PRGE
anti	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
SARS	I-PRGE
virus	B-SPEC
antibodies	B-COMP
were	O
obtained	O
.	O

DNA	O
sequencing	O
confirmed	O
that	O
the	O
amplified	O
fragment	O
was	O
N	O
protein	B-CHED
gene	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
DNA	O
sequencing	O
confirmed	O
that	O
the	O
amplified	O
fragment	O
was	O
N	O
protein	B-CHED
gene	O
.	O

The	O
percentages	O
of	O
CD3	B-PRGE
(+)	I-PRGE
and	O
CD4	B-PRGE
(+)	O
T	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
were	O
lower	O
than	O
normal	O
reference	O
(	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
and	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
01	O
,	O
respectively	O
).	O

And	O
the	O
expressions	O
of	O
TCR	B-PRGE
Vbeta4	I-PRGE
,	O
Vbeta22	O
and	O
Vbeta23	O
in	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
treated	O
with	O
glucocorticoid	B-CHED
(>	O
1	O
000	O
U	O
)	O
were	O
higher	O
than	O
those	O
in	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
without	O
treatment	O
.	O

The	O
increased	O
Ta	O
and	O
Ba	O
expressions	O
may	O
be	O
associated	O
with	O
activation	O
of	O
T	O
and	O
B	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
.	O

And	O
the	O
expressions	O
of	O
TCR	B-PRGE
Vbeta4	I-PRGE
,	O
Vbeta22	O
and	O
Vbeta23	O
in	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
treated	O
with	O
glucocorticoid	B-CHED
(>	O
1	O
000	O
U	O
)	O
were	O
higher	O
than	O
those	O
in	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
without	O
treatment	O
.	O

Serum	B-COMP
specimens	O
tested	O
included	O
those	O
from	O
21	O
clinically	O
confirmed	O
pediatric	O
SARS	B-DISO
cases	O
(	O
aged	O
from	O
8	O
months	O
to	O
14	O
years	O
,	O
11	O
male	O
and	O
10	O
female	O
)	O
and	O
their	O
23	O
parents	O
who	O
had	O
close	O
contact	O
with	O
the	O
children	O
,	O
36	O
adult	O
patients	O
in	O
convalescence	O
stage	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
,	O
24	O
children	O
(	O
aged	O
1	O
.	O
5	O
to	O
14	O
years	O
)	O
and	O
other	O
34	O
adults	O
who	O
had	O
close	O
contact	O
with	O
infected	O
adults	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
(	O
1	O
)	O
The	O
positive	O
rates	O
of	O
specific	O
IgG	B-PRGE
and	O
mixed	O
antibodies	B-COMP
against	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
were	O
38	O
%	O
(	O
8	O
/	O
21	O
)	O
and	O
33	O
%	O
(	O
7	O
/	O
21	O
)	O
in	O
pediatric	O
cases	O
;	O
whereas	O
the	O
rates	O
were	O
75	O
%	O
(	O
27	O
/	O
36	O
)	O
and	O
69	O
%	O
(	O
25	O
/	O
36	O
)	O
in	O
adult	O
patients	O
.	O

The	O
positive	O
rates	O
of	O
IgM	B-PRGE
,	O
IgG	B-PRGE
and	O
total	O
antibodies	B-COMP
to	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
in	O
146	O
sera	B-COMP
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
collected	O
in	O
different	O
phases	O
of	O
the	O
disease	O
were	O
61	O
.	O
64	O
%,	O
53	O
.	O
43	O
%	O
and	O
69	O
.	O
86	O
%,	O
respectively	O
.	O

Serum	B-COMP
from	O
one	O
medical	O
worker	O
who	O
had	O
been	O
close	O
contact	O
to	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
was	O
positive	O
for	O
anti	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
SARS	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
IgG	I-PRGE
and	O
total	O
antibodies	B-COMP
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
The	O
positive	O
rates	O
of	O
IgM	B-PRGE
,	O
IgG	B-PRGE
and	O
total	O
antibodies	B-COMP
to	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
in	O
146	O
sera	B-COMP
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
collected	O
in	O
different	O
phases	O
of	O
the	O
disease	O
were	O
61	O
.	O
64	O
%,	O
53	O
.	O
43	O
%	O
and	O
69	O
.	O
86	O
%,	O
respectively	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Serological	O
investigation	O
on	O
close	O
contacts	O
to	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
in	O
an	O
SARS	B-DISO
outbreak	O
].	O

According	O
to	O
our	O
survey	O
,	O
there	O
was	O
no	O
latent	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
among	O
close	O
contacts	O
.	O

Nested	O
-	O
reverse	B-PROC
transcription	I-PROC
-	O
polymerase	O
chain	O
reaction	O
(	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
)	O
was	O
used	O
to	O
amplify	O
the	O
N	O
protein	B-CHED
gene	O
of	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
associated	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
from	O
these	O
washing	O
solutions	O
.	O

The	O
isolate	O
could	O
cause	O
typical	O
cytopathic	B-DISO
effects	I-DISO
,	O
similar	O
to	O
those	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
on	O
Vero	O
-	O
E6	O
cells	B-COMP
and	O
the	O
effects	O
could	O
be	O
stably	O
passed	O
.	O

SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
could	O
still	O
shed	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
even	O
during	O
the	O
recovery	O
phase	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Positive	O
rates	O
of	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
test	O
on	O
air	B-CHED
samples	O
were	O
29	O
.	O
03	O
%	O
in	O
the	O
wards	O
and	O
20	O
.	O
0	O
%	O
in	O
balcony	O
respectively	O
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
existed	O
in	O
the	O
air	B-CHED
hospital	O
,	O
where	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
were	O
admitted	O
to	O
,	O
but	O
the	O
activity	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
in	O
air	B-CHED
samples	O
was	O
rather	O
low	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
prepare	O
monoclonal	O
antibodies	O
against	O
SARS	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
on	O
the	O
purpose	O
to	O
explore	O
the	O
diagnosis	O
methods	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
hybridoma	B-ANAT
cell	B-COMP
strains	O
were	O
screened	O
by	O
enzyme	O
-	O
linked	O
immunosorbent	O
assay	O
(	O
ELISA	O
),	O
indirect	O
fluorescent	O
-	O
antibody	B-COMP
assay	O
(	O
IFA	O
)	O
and	O
Western	O
blotting	O
.	O

The	O
hybridomas	B-ANAT
were	O
tested	O
to	O
have	O
specific	O
reactions	O
with	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
and	O
no	O
cross	O
-	O
reactivates	O
with	O
other	O
common	O
respiratory	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
causing	O
pathogens	O
.	O

Of	O
the	O
6	O
strains	O
,	O
1	O
was	O
identified	O
as	O
the	O
immunoglobulin	B-PRGE
G3	I-PRGE
(	O
IgG3	B-COMP
)	O
isotype	O
,	O
5	O
were	O
IgG1	B-COMP
.	O

Western	O
blotting	O
showed	O
that	O
one	O
strain	O
(	O
M2	O
)	O
reacted	O
with	O
68000	O
-	O
Dalton	O
(	O
68KD	O
)	O
protein	B-CHED
and	O
four	O
strains	O
with	O
27000	O
-	O
dalton	O
(	O
27KD	O
)	O
protein	B-CHED
.	O

Band	B-ANAT
of	O
M4	O
stain	O
was	O
not	O
got	O
by	O
western	O
blotting	O
.	O

Osteonecrosis	B-DISO
was	O
found	O
in	O
3	O
cases	O
.	O

One	O
was	O
involved	O
in	O
bilateral	O
femoral	B-ANAT
head	I-ANAT
,	O
and	O
another	O
was	O
unilateral	O
femoral	B-ANAT
head	I-ANAT
,	O
and	O
the	O
remaining	O
one	O
was	O
bilateral	O
femoral	B-ANAT
heads	I-ANAT
and	O
unilateral	O
femoral	B-ANAT
condyle	I-ANAT
and	O
tibial	B-ANAT
condyle	B-ANAT
.	O

Femoral	B-ANAT
infarction	B-DISO
with	O
significant	O
calcification	B-PROC
occurred	O
in	O
one	O
health	O
care	O
worker	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
In	O
86	O
health	O
care	O
workers	O
,	O
5	O
cases	O
were	O
found	O
positive	O
in	O
the	O
lower	B-ANAT
extremity	I-ANAT
.	O

The	O
former	O
group	O
also	O
reported	O
more	O
frequent	B-DISO
headaches	I-DISO
,	O
difficulty	B-DISO
breathing	I-DISO
,	O
dizziness	B-DISO
,	O
rhinorrhea	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
sore	B-DISO
throat	I-DISO
.	O

Respondents	O
with	O
higher	O
levels	O
of	O
anxiety	O
,	O
better	O
knowledge	O
about	O
SARS	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
greater	O
risk	O
perceptions	O
were	O
more	O
likely	O
to	O
take	O
comprehensive	O
precautionary	O
measures	O
against	O
the	O
infection	B-DISO
,	O
as	O
were	O
older	O
,	O
female	O
,	O
and	O
more	O
educated	O
individuals	O
.	O

With	O
a	O
spontaneously	O
breathing	B-PROC
patient	O
,	O
to	O
reduce	O
the	O
work	B-PROC
of	I-PROC
breathing	I-PROC
and	O
improve	O
patient	O
-	O
ventilator	O
interaction	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
crucial	O
to	O
set	O
an	O
adequate	O
inspiratory	B-PROC
flow	O
,	O
inspiratory	B-PROC
time	O
,	O
trigger	O
sensitivity	O
,	O
and	O
ventilator	O
-	O
applied	O
PEEP	B-CHED
.	O

The	O
highest	O
rate	O
of	O
stress	B-PROC
reaction	I-PROC
syndrome	B-DISO
was	O
observed	O
in	O
the	O
group	O
that	O
originally	O
worked	O
in	O
a	O
high	O
-	O
risk	O
unit	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
conscripted	O
group	O
experienced	O
the	O
most	O
severe	O
distress	O
on	O
average	O
.	O

To	O
investigate	O
the	O
autocrine	B-PROC
activation	O
of	O
BALB	O
/	O
c	O
and	O
A	O
/	O
J	O
Mphi	O
,	O
we	O
activated	O
them	O
with	O
interleukin	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
12	I-PRGE
(	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
12	I-FUNC
)	O
and	O
/	O
or	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
18	I-FUNC
,	O
and	O
quantified	O
IFNgamma	O
production	O
,	O
the	O
anti	O
-	O
MHV3	O
state	O
and	O
arginine	B-PROC
metabolism	I-PROC
.	O

As	O
a	O
consequence	O
of	O
nitric	B-PRGE
oxide	I-PRGE
synthase	I-PRGE
synthesis	B-PROC
and	O
arginine	B-CHED
consumption	O
in	O
IFNgamma	O
activated	O
BMMphi	O
,	O
we	O
observed	O
a	O
higher	O
synthesis	B-PROC
of	O
citrulline	B-CHED
.	O

Upon	O
infection	B-DISO
with	O
MHV3	O
,	O
we	O
observed	O
a	O
higher	O
synthesis	B-PROC
of	O
spermine	B-CHED
.	O

Difluoromethylornithine	O
treatment	O
,	O
which	O
leads	O
to	O
inhibition	B-PROC
of	O
polyamine	B-PROC
synthesis	I-PROC
,	O
induced	O
a	O
decreased	O
MHV3	O
multiplication	O
in	O
both	O
BALB	O
/	O
c	O
and	O
A	O
/	O
J	O
BMMphi	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Prevalence	O
of	O
diseases	O
of	O
the	O
spinal	B-ANAT
cord	I-ANAT
of	O
cats	B-SPEC
.	O

For	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
,	O
NAATs	O
offer	O
advantages	O
over	O
conventional	O
tests	O
for	O
the	O
detection	O
of	O
Mycoplasma	B-PRGE
pneumoniae	I-PRGE
,	I-PRGE
Legionella	B-SPEC
spp	B-ENZY
.	O

and	O
Chlamydia	B-SPEC
pneumoniae	I-SPEC
.	O

PCR	O
can	O
now	O
be	O
considered	O
the	O
rapid	O
diagnostic	O
test	O
of	O
choice	O
for	O
pertussis	O
and	O
some	O
respiratory	O
virus	B-SPEC
infections	B-DISO
.	O

In	O
addition	O
,	O
we	O
explored	O
the	O
incidence	O
of	O
femoral	B-ANAT
head	I-ANAT
necrosis	B-PROC
in	O
some	O
of	O
the	O
individuals	O
recovering	O
from	O
SARS	B-DISO
.	O

Those	O
individuals	O
who	O
were	O
found	O
to	O
have	O
lung	O
diffusion	O
abnormities	O
(	O
transfer	O
coefficient	O
for	O
carbon	B-CHED
monoxide	I-CHED
[	O
DLCO	O
]	O
<	O
80	O
%	O
of	O
predicted	O
value	O
[	O
pred	O
])	O
received	O
regular	O
lung	B-PROC
function	I-PROC
tests	O
and	O
HRCT	O
examinations	O
in	O
the	O
follow	O
-	O
up	O
phase	O
in	O
order	B-SPEC
to	O
document	O
the	O
changes	O
in	O
their	O
lung	B-ANAT
condition	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
lack	O
of	O
sero	O
-	O
positive	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
in	O
some	O
individuals	O
suggests	O
that	O
there	O
may	O
have	O
been	O
some	O
misdiagnosed	O
cases	O
among	O
the	O
subjects	O
included	O
in	O
this	O
study	O
.	O

Finally	O
,	O
some	O
of	O
the	O
subjects	O
developed	O
femoral	B-ANAT
head	I-ANAT
necrosis	B-PROC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
genome	O
comparison	O
of	O
inter	O
-	O
species	O
and	O
intra	O
-	O
species	B-SPEC
can	O
give	O
us	O
much	O
information	O
about	O
the	O
origin	O
and	O
evolution	B-PROC
of	O
viruses	B-SPEC
.	O

The	O
substitution	O
bias	B-SPEC
of	O
nucleotide	B-CHED
acids	O
and	O
amino	B-CHED
acids	I-CHED
indicates	O
the	O
non	O
-	O
random	O
drift	O
products	O
.	O

Serial	O
RT	O
-	O
PCRs	O
for	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
were	O
performed	O
in	O
the	O
nasopharyngeal	B-ANAT
aspirate	I-ANAT
,	O
stool	B-ANAT
and	O
urine	B-ANAT
of	O
45	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
who	O
survived	O
until	O
discharge	B-ANAT
.	O

For	O
patients	O
with	O
positive	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
on	O
discharge	B-ANAT
,	O
the	O
median	O
(	O
range	O
)	O
time	O
to	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
conversion	O
after	O
discharge	B-ANAT
was	O
13	O
days	O
(	O
2	O
-	O
60	O
).	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Endothelial	B-ANAT
injury	O
is	O
an	O
important	O
prognostic	O
factor	O
in	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
).	O

In	O
conclusion	O
,	O
decreased	O
vascular	B-PROC
endothelial	B-ANAT
growth	B-PROC
factor	I-PROC
levels	O
in	O
lung	B-ANAT
tissue	I-ANAT
may	O
participate	O
in	O
the	O
decrease	O
in	O
lung	B-ANAT
perfusion	O
in	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
2003	O
global	O
outbreak	O
of	O
severe	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
provided	O
numerous	O
challenges	O
to	O
the	O
delivery	O
of	O
critical	O
care	O
.	O

The	O
influx	O
of	O
critically	O
ill	O
patients	O
and	O
the	O
transmission	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
to	O
front	O
line	O
workers	O
created	O
a	O
tremendous	O
strain	O
on	O
Toronto	O
'	O
s	O
healthcare	O
system	O
.	O

From	O
a	O
critical	O
care	O
perspective	O
,	O
the	O
most	O
important	O
limitation	O
in	O
the	O
response	O
to	O
SARS	B-DISO
was	O
the	O
absence	O
of	O
a	O
coordinated	O
leadership	O
and	O
communication	O
infrastructure	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Clinical	O
experience	O
from	O
treatment	O
of	O
seven	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
].	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Development	B-PROC
and	O
preliminary	O
application	O
of	O
monoclonal	O
antibodies	B-COMP
against	O
N	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
].	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
The	O
monoclonal	O
antibody	B-COMP
has	O
good	O
specificity	O
and	O
may	O
be	O
used	O
to	O
detect	O
SARS	B-PRGE
virus	B-SPEC
antigen	B-CHED
.	O

S1	O
domain	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
spike	O
,	O
which	O
has	O
been	O
demonstrated	O
harboring	O
the	O
receptor	B-FUNC
binding	I-FUNC
domain	O
,	O
successfully	O
elicited	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
specific	O
IgG	B-COMP
antibody	I-COMP
in	O
mouse	B-SPEC
after	O
combined	O
immunization	O
with	O
DNA	O
and	O
purified	O
S1	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
;	O
the	O
antibody	B-COMP
elicited	O
solely	O
by	O
S1	O
could	O
potently	O
neutralize	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
(	O
HKU	O
-	O
39849	O
)	O
in	O
vitro	O
,	O
50	O
%	O
of	O
1	O
000	O
TCID50	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
challenged	O
cells	B-COMP
were	O
protected	O
from	O
viral	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
by	O
a	O
1	O
:	O
1499	O
.	O
68	O
dilution	O
of	O
mice	B-SPEC
sera	B-COMP
immunized	O
with	O
S1	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
,	O
but	O
negative	O
control	O
sera	B-COMP
showed	O
no	O
protection	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Among	O
all	O
the	O
patients	O
with	O
abnormal	O
X	O
-	O
ray	B-SPEC
result	O
,	O
19	O
were	O
male	O
(	O
54	O
.	O
29	O
%),	O
16	O
(	O
45	O
.	O
71	O
%)	O
were	O
female	O
,	O
P	O
>	O
0	O
.	O
01	O
;	O
7	O
(	O
58	O
.	O
33	O
%)	O
were	O
above	O
the	O
age	O
of	O
45	O
;	O
28	O
(	O
34	O
.	O
57	O
%)	O
were	O
below	O
the	O
age	O
of	O
45	O
,	O
P	O
>	O
0	O
.	O
01	O
;	O
hyperpyrexia	B-DISO
(>/=	O
39	O
),	O
26	O
(	O
50	O
.	O
00	O
%),	O
below	O
39	O
,	O
9	O
(	O
21	O
.	O
95	O
%);	O
multiple	O
-	O
lesion	O
,	O
22	O
(	O
52	O
.	O
38	O
%),	O
mono	B-DISO
-	O
lesion	O
,	O
13	O
(	O
25	O
.	O
49	O
%),	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
01	O
;	O
glucocorticoid	B-CHED
administration	O
time	O
within	O
5	O
days	O
,	O
22	O
(	O
38	O
.	O
60	O
%)	O
after	O
5	O
days	O
,	O
12	O
(	O
33	O
.	O
33	O
%),	O
P	O
>	O
0	O
.	O
01	O
;	O
within	O
7	O
days	O
,	O
21	O
(	O
30	O
.	O
00	O
%),	O
after	O
7	O
days	O
,	O
14	O
(	O
60	O
.	O
87	O
%),	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
01	O
.	O

When	O
tested	O
with	O
hemagglutinin	O
inhibition	B-PROC
assay	O
,	O
64	O
cases	O
(	O
61	O
.	O
54	O
%)	O
showed	O
a	O
4	O
-	O
fold	O
increase	O
against	O
H3N2	B-PRGE
antigen	B-CHED
.	O

Results	O
of	O
Western	O
-	O
blot	O
showed	O
that	O
this	O
expressed	B-PROC
protein	B-CHED
could	O
react	O
with	O
antibodies	B-COMP
in	O
sera	B-COMP
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
during	O
convalescence	O
.	O

This	O
provided	O
the	O
basis	O
for	O
the	O
further	O
study	O
on	O
SARS	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
vaccine	O
and	O
diagnostic	O
agents	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
independent	O
risk	O
factors	O
to	O
predict	O
mortality	O
of	O
critical	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
were	O
investigated	O
.	O

One	O
hundred	O
and	O
two	O
patients	O
diagnosed	O
with	O
critical	O
SARS	B-DISO
were	O
admitted	O
to	O
hospitals	O
of	O
Shanxi	O
Province	O
,	O
from	O
March	O
7	O
,	O
2003	O
to	O
June	O
4	O
,	O
2003	O
.	O

The	O
patients	O
were	O
prospectively	O
studied	O
after	O
admission	O
to	O
access	O
their	O
short	O
term	O
outcomes	O
and	O
the	O
risk	O
factors	O
associated	O
with	O
adverse	O
outcomes	O
,	O
defined	O
as	O
death	B-PROC
.	O

Fragment	O
450	O
-	O
650	O
(	O
S450	O
-	O
650	O
)	O
of	O
the	O
S	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
contains	O
receptor	O
-	O
binding	B-FUNC
domain	O
and	O
neutralizing	O
epitopes	O
.	O

On	O
-	O
column	B-ANAT
refolding	O
and	O
purification	O
was	O
performed	O
.	O

S	O
(	O
GD03T0013	O
)	O
depended	O
less	O
on	O
the	O
hACE	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
receptor	I-PRGE
and	O
was	O
markedly	O
resistant	O
to	O
Ab	O
inhibition	O
.	O

Furthermore	O
,	O
of	O
16	O
sera	B-COMP
collected	O
from	O
four	O
patients	O
during	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
recurrence	B-DISO
in	O
Guangzhou	O
,	O
5	O
sera	B-COMP
collected	O
from	O
7	O
to	O
9	O
days	O
after	O
the	O
onset	O
of	O
symptoms	O
were	O
positive	O
for	O
the	O
N	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
.	O

In	O
conclusion	O
,	O
an	O
antigen	B-CHED
capture	O
ELISA	O
reveals	O
a	O
high	O
N	O
protein	B-CHED
detection	O
rate	O
in	O
acute	O
-	O
phase	O
sera	B-COMP
of	O
patients	O
with	O
SARS	B-DISO
,	O
which	O
makes	O
it	O
useful	O
for	O
early	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
identify	O
priorities	O
for	O
further	O
research	O
in	O
protecting	O
healthcare	O
workers	O
(	O
HCWs	O
)	O
from	O
severe	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
and	O
other	O
respiratory	O
pathogens	O
by	O
summarizing	O
the	O
basic	O
science	O
of	O
infectious	B-DISO
bioaerosols	O
and	O
the	O
efficacy	O
of	O
facial	B-ANAT
protective	O
equipment	O
;	O
the	O
organizational	O
,	O
environmental	O
,	O
and	O
individual	O
factors	O
that	O
influence	O
the	O
success	O
of	O
infection	B-DISO
control	O
and	O
occupational	O
health	O
programs	O
;	O
and	O
factors	O
identified	O
by	O
HCWs	O
as	O
important	O
.	O

In	O
all	O
susceptible	O
cell	B-ANAT
lines	I-ANAT
mRNA	B-CHED
of	O
the	O
Angiotensin	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
converting	I-PRGE
enzyme	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
(	O
ACE2	B-PRGE
),	O
the	O
functional	O
receptor	O
for	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
CoV	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
,	O
could	O
be	O
detected	O
by	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
.	O

Early	O
administration	O
of	O
antiviral	B-CHED
agents	I-CHED
and	O
extensive	O
management	O
were	O
thought	O
to	O
be	O
necessary	O
for	O
such	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
complications	O
.	O

The	O
study	O
population	O
was	O
composed	O
of	O
patients	O
with	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
warranting	O
presentation	O
to	O
Queensland	O
hospitals	O
.	O

All	O
patients	O
positive	O
for	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
NL63	I-SPEC
required	O
admission	O
to	O
hospital	O
.	O

Two	O
group	O
2	O
coronaviruses	O
,	O
human	B-PRGE
coronavirus	I-PRGE
OC43	I-PRGE
(	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
OC43	I-SPEC
)	O
and	O
bovine	B-SPEC
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
BCoV	O
),	O
show	O
remarkable	O
antigenic	O
and	O
genetic	O
similarities	O
.	O

In	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
we	O
report	O
the	O
first	O
complete	O
genome	O
sequence	O
(	O
30	O
,	O
738	O
nucleotides	B-CHED
)	O
of	O
the	O
prototype	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
OC43	I-SPEC
strain	O
(	O
ATCC	O
VR759	O
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Molecular	O
and	O
biological	O
characterization	O
of	O
human	B-PRGE
monoclonal	I-PRGE
antibodies	B-COMP
binding	B-FUNC
to	O
the	O
spike	O
and	O
nucleocapsid	O
proteins	B-CHED
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
.	O

Two	O
MAbs	O
reacted	O
with	O
N	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
.	O

One	O
of	O
the	O
N	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
MAbs	I-PRGE
recognized	O
a	O
linear	O
epitope	B-CHED
conserved	O
between	O
all	O
published	O
human	B-SPEC
and	O
animal	B-SPEC
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
isolates	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
other	O
bound	O
to	O
a	O
nonlinear	O
N	O
epitope	B-CHED
.	O

These	O
two	O
N	O
MAbs	O
did	O
not	O
compete	O
for	O
binding	B-FUNC
to	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
.	O
Four	O
MAbs	O
reacted	O
with	O
the	O
S	B-PRGE
glycoprotein	I-PRGE
,	O
and	O
three	O
of	O
these	O
MAbs	O
neutralized	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
in	O
vitro	O
.	O

We	O
found	O
that	O
an	O
organic	O
NO	O
donor	B-CHED
,	O
S	O
-	O
nitroso	B-CHED
-	O
N	B-CHED
-	I-CHED
acetylpenicillamine	I-CHED
,	O
significantly	O
inhibited	O
the	O
replication	O
cycle	O
of	O
SARS	B-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
in	O
a	O
concentration	O
-	O
dependent	O
manner	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
A	O
case	O
of	O
Legionella	B-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
complicated	O
with	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
treated	O
with	O
methylprednisolone	O
and	O
sivelestat	O
sodium	O
in	O
combination	O
with	O
intravenous	O
erythromycin	B-CHED
and	O
ciprofloxacin	B-CHED
].	O

His	O
chest	B-ANAT
radiography	O
showed	O
patchy	O
consolidations	O
in	O
the	O
lower	B-ANAT
lobe	I-ANAT
of	I-ANAT
the	I-ANAT
right	I-ANAT
lung	I-ANAT
and	O
in	O
the	O
middle	O
field	O
of	O
the	O
left	B-ANAT
lung	I-ANAT
,	O
and	O
severe	O
hypoxia	B-DISO
was	O
present	O
.	O

Many	O
dental	O
procedures	O
produce	O
extensive	O
aerosols	O
and	O
splatter	O
that	O
are	O
routinely	O
contaminated	O
with	O
bacteria	B-SPEC
,	O
viruses	B-SPEC
,	O
and	O
blood	B-ANAT
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Inhibition	B-PROC
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
replication	O
by	O
siRNA	O
.	O

RNA	B-PROC
interference	I-PROC
in	O
animals	B-SPEC
and	O
post	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
transcriptional	I-PROC
gene	I-PROC
silencing	I-PROC
plants	B-SPEC
is	O
mediated	O
by	O
small	O
double	O
-	O
stranded	O
RNA	O
molecules	O
named	O
small	O
interfering	O
RNA	O
(	O
siRNA	O
).	O

PGF	B-CHED
was	O
tested	O
for	O
acceptance	O
with	O
30	O
-	O
day	O
and	O
all	O
-	O
cause	O
hospital	O
mortality	O
rates	O
,	O
overall	O
survival	O
,	O
hospital	O
length	O
of	O
stay	O
(	O
HLOS	O
),	O
duration	O
of	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
,	O
and	O
best	O
6	O
-	O
min	O
walk	O
test	O
(	O
6MWT	O
)	O
distance	O
achieved	O
within	O
12	O
months	O
.	O

The	O
overall	O
incidence	O
of	O
PGF	B-CHED
was	O
11	O
.	O
8	O
%	O
(	O
95	O
%	O
confidence	O
interval	O
[	O
CI	O
],	O
7	O
.	O
9	O
to	O
15	O
.	O
9	O
%).	O

At	O
all	O
study	O
sites	O
,	O
the	O
majority	O
of	O
RSV	B-SPEC
cases	O
occurred	O
in	O
infants	O
.	O

During	O
viral	O
and	O
target	O
cell	B-COMP
membrane	I-COMP
fusion	O
,	O
the	O
heptad	O
repeat	O
(	O
HR	O
)	O
regions	O
of	O
the	O
S2	O
subunit	O
assume	O
a	O
trimer	O
-	O
of	O
-	O
hairpins	O
structure	O
,	O
positioning	O
the	O
fusion	O
peptide	B-CHED
in	O
close	O
proximity	O
to	O
the	O
C	O
-	O
terminal	O
region	O
of	O
the	O
ectodomain	O
.	O

The	O
formation	B-PROC
of	O
this	O
structure	O
appears	O
to	O
drive	O
apposition	O
and	O
subsequent	O
fusion	O
of	O
viral	O
and	O
target	O
cell	B-COMP
membranes	I-COMP
;	O
however	O
,	O
the	O
exact	O
mechanism	O
is	O
unclear	O
.	O

Here	O
,	O
we	O
characterize	O
an	O
aromatic	B-CHED
amino	I-CHED
acid	I-CHED
rich	O
region	O
within	O
the	O
ectodomain	O
of	O
the	O
S2	O
subunit	O
that	O
both	O
partitions	O
into	O
lipid	B-CHED
membranes	B-ANAT
and	O
has	O
the	O
capacity	O
to	O
perturb	O
lipid	B-CHED
vesicle	B-COMP
integrity	O
.	O

A	O
few	O
mucosal	B-ANAT
epithelial	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
and	O
lymphocytes	B-ANAT
in	O
the	O
intestine	B-ANAT
were	O
positively	O
stained	O
for	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
with	O
ISH	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
findings	O
provide	O
possible	O
explanations	O
for	O
the	O
gastrointestinal	B-DISO
symptoms	I-DISO
and	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
virus	B-SPEC
in	O
the	O
stool	B-ANAT
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Expression	B-PROC
profile	O
of	O
immune	B-PROC
response	I-PROC
genes	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
Severe	B-DISO
Acute	I-DISO
Respiratory	I-DISO
Syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

Our	O
study	O
shows	O
for	O
the	O
first	O
time	O
how	O
the	O
immune	B-ANAT
system	I-ANAT
responds	O
to	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
infection	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
opens	O
new	O
possibilities	O
for	O
designing	O
new	O
diagnostics	O
and	O
treatments	O
for	O
this	O
new	O
life	O
-	O
threatening	O
disease	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Emergency	B-DISO
departments	O
(	O
ED	O
)	O
were	O
on	O
the	O
front	O
lines	O
for	O
possible	O
cases	O
of	O
transmission	O
during	O
the	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
epidemic	O
.	O

The	O
SARS	B-DISO
catastrophe	O
affected	O
the	O
ED	O
visit	O
volume	O
,	O
finances	O
,	O
various	O
patient	O
characteristics	O
,	O
and	O
stress	O
levels	O
in	O
the	O
ED	O
physicians	O
and	O
nurses	O
.	O

These	O
data	O
suggest	O
that	O
HCoV	O
-	O
NH	O
infection	B-DISO
is	O
associated	O
with	O
Kawasaki	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
.	O

In	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
a	O
total	O
of	O
525	O
respiratory	O
specimens	O
,	O
collected	O
in	O
Canada	O
primarily	O
during	O
the	O
winter	O
months	O
of	O
2001	O
-	O
2002	O
,	O
were	O
tested	O
for	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
NL63	I-SPEC
;	O
19	O
tested	O
positive	O
for	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
NL63	I-SPEC
,	O
demonstrating	O
virus	B-SPEC
activity	O
during	O
January	O
-	O
March	O
2002	O
.	O

Both	O
MAbs	O
bound	O
to	O
S	B-PRGE
glycoprotein	I-PRGE
expressed	B-PROC
on	O
transfected	O
cells	B-COMP
but	O
differed	O
in	O
their	O
ability	O
to	O
block	O
binding	B-FUNC
of	O
S	B-PRGE
glycoprotein	I-PRGE
to	O
Vero	O
E6	O
cells	B-COMP
.	O

Reflective	O
practice	O
is	O
useful	O
to	O
guide	O
and	O
examine	O
nurses	O
'	O
professional	O
action	O
during	O
the	O
crisis	O
,	O
and	O
to	O
put	O
the	O
experience	O
into	O
a	O
learning	B-PROC
perspective	O
.	O

Superinfection	B-DISO
after	O
the	O
immune	O
injury	O
is	O
the	O
main	O
cause	O
of	O
death	B-PROC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
characterize	O
enzymatic	B-PROC
activity	I-PROC
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
CoV	O
)	O
3C	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
like	I-PRGE
protease	I-PRGE
(	O
3CL	O
(	O
pro	B-CHED
))	O
and	O
its	O
four	O
site	O
-	O
directed	O
mutants	O
.	O

SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
3CL	I-PRGE
(	O
pro	B-PRGE
)	O
showed	O
substantial	O
pH	O
and	O
temperature	O
-	O
triggered	O
activity	O
switches	O
,	O
and	O
site	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
directed	I-PROC
mutagenesis	I-PROC
analysis	O
of	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
3CL	I-PRGE
(	I-PRGE
pro	B-CHED
)	I-PRGE
revealed	O
that	O
substitutions	O
of	O
His41	O
,	O
Cys145	O
,	O
and	O
His163	O
resulted	O
in	O
complete	O
loss	O
of	O
enzymatic	B-PROC
activity	I-PROC
,	O
while	O
replacement	O
of	O
Met162	O
with	O
Ala	B-CHED
caused	O
strongly	O
increased	O
activity	O
.	O

Although	O
partial	O
ventilatory	O
support	O
modalities	O
were	O
initially	O
developed	O
for	O
weaning	B-PROC
from	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
,	O
they	O
are	O
increasingly	O
used	O
as	O
primary	O
modes	O
of	O
ventilation	O
,	O
even	O
in	O
patients	O
in	O
the	O
acute	O
phase	O
of	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
dysfunction	O
.	O

The	O
aim	O
of	O
this	O
paper	O
is	O
to	O
review	O
the	O
role	O
of	O
spontaneous	O
breathing	B-PROC
ventilatory	O
modalities	O
with	O
respect	O
to	O
their	O
physiologic	O
or	O
clinical	O
evidence	O
.	O

In	O
the	O
former	O
,	O
however	O
,	O
it	O
remains	O
unclear	O
whether	O
noninvasive	O
ventilation	O
offers	O
any	O
significant	O
advantages	O
over	O
continuous	O
positive	O
airway	B-ANAT
pressure	O
.	O

This	O
recombinant	B-PRGE
N	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
(	O
hGST	O
-	O
N	O
)	O
was	O
purified	O
and	O
used	O
to	O
measure	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
N	O
-	O
specific	O
antibody	B-COMP
in	O
the	O
sera	B-COMP
of	O
eight	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
by	O
enzyme	O
-	O
linked	O
immunosorbent	O
assay	O
.	O

Specific	O
antibody	B-PROC
response	I-PROC
to	O
this	O
purified	O
recombinant	O
N	O
protein	B-CHED
was	O
100	O
%	O
positive	O
in	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
'	O
sera	B-COMP
,	O
while	O
none	O
of	O
the	O
control	O
sera	B-COMP
from	O
30	O
healthy	O
people	O
gave	O
a	O
positive	O
reaction	O
in	O
the	O
same	O
assay	O
.	O

Results	O
from	O
hierarchical	O
linear	O
modeling	O
showed	O
that	O
trait	O
anxiety	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
the	O
situation	O
-	O
appropriate	O
coping	O
strategies	O
of	O
avoidance	O
and	O
personal	O
hygiene	O
practice	O
accounted	O
for	O
changes	O
in	O
state	B-DISO
anxiety	I-DISO
.	O

With	O
regard	O
to	O
the	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
,	O
several	O
mechanisms	O
involving	O
both	O
direct	O
effects	O
on	O
target	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
and	O
indirect	O
effects	O
via	O
the	O
immune	B-ANAT
system	I-ANAT
may	O
exist	O
.	O

Even	O
in	O
a	O
situation	O
of	O
no	O
new	O
infections	B-DISO
,	O
SARS	B-DISO
remains	O
a	O
major	O
health	O
hazard	O
,	O
as	O
new	O
epidemics	O
may	O
arise	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
In	O
vitro	O
assembled	O
,	O
recombinant	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
viruses	B-SPEC
demonstrate	O
that	O
the	O
5a	O
open	O
reading	O
frame	O
is	O
not	O
essential	O
for	O
replication	O
.	O

The	O
cells	B-COMP
were	O
overlaid	O
onto	O
the	O
susceptible	O
Vero	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
and	O
viable	O
virus	B-SPEC
was	O
recovered	O
from	O
the	O
molecular	O
clone	O
.	O

The	O
molecularly	O
cloned	O
IBV	B-SPEC
(	O
MIBV	O
)	O
demonstrated	O
growth	B-PROC
kinetics	O
,	O
and	O
plaque	B-DISO
size	O
and	O
morphology	O
that	O
resembled	O
the	O
parental	O
Beaudette	O
strain	O
IBV	B-SPEC
.	O

The	O
rescued	O
recombinant	O
virus	B-SPEC
,	O
expressing	O
EGFP	O
(	O
GIBV	O
),	O
replicated	O
to	O
lower	O
viral	O
titers	O
and	O
formed	O
smaller	O
plaques	O
compared	O
to	O
the	O
parental	O
virus	B-SPEC
and	O
the	O
MIBV	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Lactobacillus	B-SPEC
casei	I-SPEC
strain	O
Shirota	O
was	O
selected	O
as	O
a	O
bacterial	O
carrier	O
for	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
live	O
mucosal	B-ANAT
vaccines	O
against	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
.	O

In	O
addition	O
,	O
6	O
-	O
10	O
blood	B-ANAT
samples	I-ANAT
from	O
animals	B-SPEC
of	O
different	O
ages	O
were	O
collected	O
from	O
each	O
herd	O
,	O
resulting	O
in	O
169	O
samples	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Inactivated	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
-	O
associated	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
samples	O
were	O
used	O
for	O
an	O
external	O
quality	O
assurance	O
study	O
within	O
the	O
World	O
Health	O
Organization	O
SARS	B-DISO
Reference	O
and	O
Verification	O
Network	O
and	O
other	O
reference	O
institutions	O
.	O

Of	O
58	O
participants	O
,	O
51	O
correctly	O
detected	O
virus	B-SPEC
in	O
all	O
samples	O
>	O
or	O
=	O
9	O
,	O
400	O
RNA	O
copies	O
per	O
milliliter	O
and	O
none	O
in	O
negative	O
samples	O
.	O

Of	O
a	O
group	O
of	O
81	O
animals	B-SPEC
in	O
which	O
FIP	B-DISO
had	O
been	O
confirmed	O
by	O
post	O
-	O
mortem	O
examination	O
,	O
75	O
(	O
93	O
%)	O
tested	O
positive	O
,	O
whereas	O
17	O
cats	B-SPEC
with	O
different	O
pathologies	O
(	O
non	O
-	O
FIP	O
cases	O
)	O
all	O
tested	O
negative	O
.	O

The	O
basis	O
of	O
the	O
assay	O
is	O
the	O
cleavage	B-PROC
of	O
target	O
RNA	O
by	O
RNase	B-PRGE
H	I-PRGE
mediated	O
by	O
sequence	O
-	O
specific	O
chimeric	O
oligonucleotides	B-CHED
followed	O
by	O
sample	O
to	O
residual	O
ratio	O
quantitation	O
(	O
SRRQ	O
)	O
using	O
RRT	O
-	O
PCR	O
.	O

Once	O
it	O
was	O
evident	O
that	O
no	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
had	O
occurred	O
,	O
we	O
designed	O
a	O
more	O
severe	O
model	O
.	O

These	O
pigs	B-SPEC
were	O
monitored	O
more	O
invasively	O
and	O
continuously	O
in	O
an	O
intensive	O
care	O
setting	O
for	O
48	O
h	O
and	O
followed	O
,	O
treated	O
,	O
and	O
assessed	O
in	O
a	O
similar	O
fashion	O
to	O
group	O
1	O
.	O

The	O
addition	O
of	O
a	O
second	O
""""	O
hit	O
""""	O
(	O
SMA	B-DISO
occlusion	B-DISO
,	O
I	O
/	O
R	O
)	O
to	O
a	O
FC	O
sepsis	B-DISO
model	O
resulted	O
in	O
severe	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
that	O
developed	O
within	O
a	O
3	O
-	O
day	O
period	O
.	O

The	O
vaccine	O
was	O
administered	O
orally	B-ANAT
at	O
2	O
,	O
4	O
,	O
10	O
,	O
and	O
14	O
wk	O
of	O
age	O
.	O

At	O
26	O
wk	O
of	O
age	O
,	O
blood	B-ANAT
was	O
obtained	O
to	O
determine	O
testosterone	B-CHED
concentrations	O
,	O
and	O
reproductive	B-PROC
tracts	B-ANAT
were	O
removed	O
to	O
analyze	O
daily	O
sperm	B-ANAT
production	O
and	O
to	O
detect	O
epididymal	O
stones	O
.	O

0	O
.	O
76	O
g	O
),	O
as	O
compared	O
with	O
nonvaccinated	O
roosters	O
without	O
epididymal	B-ANAT
stones	O
(	O
15	O
.	O
2	O
+/-	O

Owing	O
to	O
the	O
lack	O
of	O
available	O
drugs	O
for	O
the	O
treatment	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
,	O
the	O
discovery	O
of	O
inhibitors	B-CHED
for	O
SARS	B-PRGE
coronavirus	B-SPEC
3C	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
like	I-PRGE
proteinase	B-PROC
that	O
can	O
potentially	O
be	O
optimized	O
as	O
drugs	O
appears	O
to	O
be	O
highly	O
desirable	O
.	O

Issues	O
regarding	O
cabin	O
air	B-CHED
quality	O
and	O
the	O
potential	O
risks	O
of	O
transmission	O
of	O
respiratory	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
during	O
flight	B-PROC
have	O
been	O
investigated	O
and	O
debated	O
previously	O
,	O
but	O
,	O
with	O
the	O
advent	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
and	O
influenza	B-DISO
outbreaks	O
,	O
these	O
issues	O
have	O
recently	O
taken	O
on	O
heightened	O
importance	O
.	O

We	O
hypothesised	O
that	O
the	O
occurrence	O
of	O
alveolar	B-ANAT
hyperinflation	B-DISO
during	O
the	O
application	O
of	O
PEEP	B-CHED
would	O
lead	O
to	O
an	O
increase	O
in	O
PaCO	O
(	O
2	O
)	O
responsible	O
for	O
a	O
rise	O
in	O
intracranial	B-PROC
pressure	I-PROC
.	O

The	O
mortality	O
rate	O
was	O
significantly	O
higher	O
among	O
patients	O
with	O
SARS	B-DISO
and	O
acute	B-DISO
renal	I-DISO
impairment	I-DISO
compared	O
with	O
those	O
with	O
SARS	B-DISO
and	O
no	O
renal	B-DISO
impairment	I-DISO
(	O
91	O
.	O
7	O
%	O
vs	O
.	O
8	O
.	O
8	O
%)	O
(	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
0001	O
).	O

Renal	B-ANAT
tissues	B-ANAT
revealed	O
predominantly	O
acute	B-DISO
tubular	I-DISO
necrosis	I-DISO
with	O
no	O
evidence	O
of	O
glomerular	B-ANAT
pathology	B-DISO
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Among	O
these	O
536	O
patients	O
with	O
SARS	B-DISO
,	O
36	O
(	O
6	O
.	O
7	O
%)	O
developed	O
acute	B-DISO
renal	I-DISO
impairment	I-DISO
occurring	O
at	O
a	O
median	O
duration	O
of	O
20	O
days	O
(	O
range	O
5	O
-	O
48	O
days	O
)	O
after	O
the	O
onset	O
of	O
viral	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
despite	O
a	O
normal	B-ANAT
plasma	I-ANAT
creatinine	B-CHED
level	O
at	O
first	O
clinical	O
presentation	O
.	O

The	O
objectives	O
of	O
the	O
present	O
study	O
were	O
to	O
examine	O
the	O
degree	O
and	O
the	O
sources	O
of	O
mental	O
distress	O
and	O
the	O
coping	O
strategies	O
adopted	O
by	O
healthcare	O
workers	O
(	O
HCW	O
)	O
of	O
emergency	B-DISO
departments	O
(	O
ED	O
)	O
in	O
Hong	O
Kong	O
during	O
the	O
outbreak	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
).	O

At	O
the	O
time	O
of	O
admission	O
,	O
on	O
physical	O
examination	O
she	O
had	O
revealed	O
a	O
butterfly	B-SPEC
rash	B-DISO
over	O
the	O
cheeks	B-ANAT
,	O
purpura	B-DISO
,	O
acute	B-DISO
synovitis	I-DISO
and	O
oedema	B-DISO
of	O
the	O
legs	B-ANAT
.	O

Dialysis	B-SPEC
was	O
instituted	O
on	O
two	O
consecutive	O
days	O
from	O
the	O
eighth	O
day	O
.	O

Infected	O
B	B-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
-	O
deficient	O
mice	B-SPEC
developed	O
chronic	O
subclinical	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
also	O
restricted	O
to	O
the	O
gastrointestinal	B-ANAT
tract	I-ANAT
.	O

However	O
,	O
by	O
2	O
weeks	O
,	O
mice	B-SPEC
developed	O
peritonitis	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
viral	O
RNA	O
was	O
detected	O
in	O
mesentery	B-ANAT
and	O
visceral	B-ANAT
peritoneum	I-ANAT
.	O

Comparative	O
analysis	O
of	O
the	O
frameshift	B-DISO
region	O
reveals	O
a	O
universal	O
shift	O
site	O
U_UUA_AAC	O
,	O
followed	O
by	O
a	O
predicted	O
downstream	O
RNA	O
structure	O
in	O
the	O
form	O
of	O
either	O
a	O
pseudoknot	O
or	O
kissing	O
stem	B-ANAT
loops	O
.	O

Mutagenic	O
analysis	O
of	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
shift	O
site	O
and	O
mass	O
spectrometry	O
of	O
an	O
affinity	O
tagged	O
frameshift	B-DISO
product	O
confirmed	O
tandem	O
tRNA	B-FUNC
slippage	O
on	O
the	O
sequence	O
U_UUA_AAC	O
.	O

Analysis	O
of	O
the	O
downstream	O
pseudoknot	O
stimulator	O
of	O
frameshifting	O
in	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
shows	O
that	O
a	O
proposed	O
RNA	O
secondary	O
structure	O
in	O
loop	O
II	O
and	O
two	O
unpaired	O
nucleotides	B-CHED
at	O
the	O
stem	B-ANAT
I	O
-	O
stem	B-ANAT
II	O
junction	O
in	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
are	O
important	O
for	O
frameshift	B-DISO
stimulation	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Inhibition	B-PROC
of	O
Beta	B-PRGE
interferon	I-PRGE
induction	O
by	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
suggests	O
a	O
two	O
-	O
step	O
model	O
for	O
activation	O
of	O
interferon	O
regulatory	O
factor	O
3	O
.	O

By	O
contrast	O
,	O
IRF	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
3	I-PRGE
remained	O
in	O
the	O
nucleus	B-COMP
of	O
cells	B-COMP
infected	O
with	O
the	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
inducing	I-PRGE
control	I-PRGE
virus	I-PRGE
Bunyamwera	I-PRGE
delNSs	I-PRGE
.	O

To	O
test	O
the	O
susceptibility	O
of	O
civets	B-SPEC
to	O
experimental	O
infection	B-DISO
by	O
different	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
isolates	O
,	O
10	O
civets	B-SPEC
were	O
inoculated	O
with	O
two	O
human	B-SPEC
isolates	O
of	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
,	O
BJ01	O
(	O
with	O
a	O
29	O
-	O
nucleotide	B-CHED
deletion	O
)	O
and	O
GZ01	O
(	O
without	O
the	O
29	O
-	O
nucleotide	B-CHED
deletion	O
).	O

We	O
report	O
that	O
controlling	O
a	O
SARS	B-DISO
outbreak	O
in	O
a	O
teaching	O
hospital	O
over	O
an	O
8	O
-	O
week	O
period	O
cost	O
dollar12	O
million	O
Canadian	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
We	O
report	O
that	O
controlling	O
a	O
SARS	B-DISO
outbreak	O
in	O
a	O
teaching	O
hospital	O
over	O
an	O
8	O
-	O
week	O
period	O
cost	O
dollar12	O
million	O
Canadian	O
.	O

Lost	B-CHED
revenue	O
and	O
labour	B-PROC
accounted	O
for	O
two	O
thirds	O
of	O
the	O
costs	O
incurred	O
while	O
excess	O
spending	O
on	O
services	O
,	O
materials	O
,	O
supplies	O
and	O
renovation	O
of	O
existing	O
space	O
accounted	O
for	O
the	O
remaining	O
one	O
third	O
.	O

For	O
the	O
thermally	O
induced	O
unfolding	O
at	O
pH	O
7	O
.	O
4	O
,	O
the	O
apparent	O
activation	O
energy	O
(	O
E	O
(	O
app	B-CHED
))	O
and	O
transition	B-DISO
midpoint	O
temperature	O
(	O
Tm	O
)	O
were	O
determined	O
to	O
be	O
16	O
.	O
3	O
+/-	O

Secondary	O
and	O
three	O
-	O
dimensional	O
structural	O
predictions	O
by	O
homology	O
modeling	O
indicated	O
that	O
SARS_S1b	O
folded	O
as	O
a	O
globular	O
-	O
like	O
structure	O
by	O
beta	O
-	O
sheets	O
and	O
loops	O
;	O
two	O
of	O
the	O
four	O
tryptophans	O
are	O
located	O
on	O
the	O
protein	B-CHED
surface	O
,	O
which	O
is	O
in	O
agreement	O
with	O
the	O
tryptophan	B-CHED
fluorescence	O
result	O
.	O

The	O
two	O
truncated	O
fragments	O
of	O
S	B-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
were	O
separately	O
cloned	O
into	O
the	O
prokaryotic	O
expression	B-PROC
vector	O
pET	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
15b	I-PRGE
and	O
expressed	B-PROC
in	O
E	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
coli	I-SPEC
.	O

The	O
full	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
length	I-PRGE
S	I-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
was	O
cloned	O
into	O
the	O
eukaryotic	O
expression	B-PROC
plasmid	O
pSecTagB	O
to	O
prepare	O
recombinant	O
plasmid	O
pSecS	O
as	O
the	O
DNA	O
vaccine	O
to	O
immunize	O
BALB	O
/	O
c	O
mice	B-SPEC
for	O
inducing	O
the	O
secretion	B-PROC
of	O
anti	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
SARS	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
.	O

Both	O
the	O
truncated	B-PRGE
recombinant	I-PRGE
proteins	I-PRGE
were	O
expressed	B-PROC
in	O
soluble	O
forms	O
and	O
reacted	O
specifically	O
with	O
the	O
sera	O
from	O
immunized	O
pSecS	O
mice	B-SPEC
and	O
clinically	O
diagnosed	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
.	O

The	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
S	I-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
vaccine	O
could	O
induce	O
the	O
production	O
of	O
specific	O
antibody	B-COMP
,	O
which	O
offers	O
clues	O
for	O
the	O
research	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
DNA	O
vaccine	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Clinical	O
presentation	O
of	O
severe	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
is	O
non	O
-	O
specific	O
and	O
isolation	O
of	O
all	O
suspected	O
patients	O
is	O
difficult	O
because	O
of	O
the	O
limited	O
availability	O
of	O
isolation	O
facilities	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
A	O
novel	O
pancoronavirus	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
assay	O
:	O
frequent	O
detection	O
of	O
human	B-PRGE
coronavirus	I-PRGE
NL63	I-PRGE
in	O
children	O
hospitalized	O
with	O
respiratory	O
tract	O
infections	O
in	O
Belgium	O
.	O

Further	O
research	O
showed	O
that	O
HAb18G	O
/	O
CD147	B-PRGE
,	O
a	O
transmembrane	B-COMP
molecule	O
,	O
was	O
highly	O
expressed	B-PROC
on	O
293	O
cells	B-COMP
and	O
that	O
CyPA	B-SPEC
was	O
integrated	O
with	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
.	O
HAb18G	O
/	O
CD147	B-PRGE
-	O
antagonistic	O
peptide	B-CHED
(	O
AP	B-CHED
)-	O
9	O
,	O
an	O
AP	B-CHED
of	O
HAb18G	O
/	O
CD147	B-PRGE
,	O
had	O
a	O
high	O
rate	O
of	O
binding	B-FUNC
to	O
293	O
cells	B-COMP
and	O
an	O
inhibitory	O
effect	O
on	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
.	O
These	O
results	O
show	O
that	O
HAb18G	O
/	O
CD147	B-PRGE
,	O
mediated	O
by	O
CyPA	B-PRGE
bound	O
to	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
N	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
,	O
plays	O
a	O
functional	O
role	O
in	O
facilitating	O
invasion	O
of	O
host	B-COMP
cells	B-COMP
by	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
.	O
Our	O
findings	O
provide	O
some	O
evidence	O
for	O
the	O
cytologic	O
mechanism	O
of	O
invasion	B-DISO
by	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
and	O
provide	O
a	O
molecular	O
basis	O
for	O
screening	O
anti	O
-	O
SARS	B-DISO
drugs	O
.	O

Twelve	O
TCM	O
prescriptions	O
of	O
herbal	O
drugs	O
(	O
orally	B-ANAT
or	O
i	O
.	O
v	O
.)	O
were	O
used	O
to	O
treat	O
16	O
cases	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
without	O
using	O
glucocorticoids	B-CHED
,	O
anti	B-CHED
-	I-CHED
viral	I-CHED
agents	I-CHED
,	O
immune	O
-	O
regulators	O
or	O
antibiotics	B-CHED
(	O
in	O
case	O
there	O
was	O
no	O
definite	O
bacterial	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
).	O

The	O
symptoms	O
,	O
signs	O
,	O
chest	B-ANAT
roentgenograms	O
and	O
lab	O
examinations	O
were	O
carefully	O
monitored	O
and	O
recorded	O
for	O
evaluation	O
of	O
the	O
effectiveness	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
The	O
average	O
fever	B-PROC
abatement	O
time	O
was	O
4	O
.	O
44	O
+/-	O

RNA	O
detection	O
by	O
all	O
the	O
formats	O
was	O
unaffected	O
by	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
human	B-SPEC
sputum	B-ANAT
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Three	O
-	O
dimensional	O
model	O
of	O
a	O
substrate	O
-	O
bound	O
SARS	B-PRGE
chymotrypsin	B-ENZY
-	O
like	O
cysteine	B-PRGE
proteinase	B-PROC
predicted	O
by	O
multiple	O
molecular	O
dynamics	O
simulations	O
:	O
catalytic	O
efficiency	O
regulated	O
by	O
substrate	O
binding	B-FUNC
.	O

The	O
protein	B-CHED
sequence	O
of	O
the	O
chymotrypsin	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
like	I-PRGE
cysteine	B-CHED
proteinase	B-PROC
(	O
CCP	B-DISO
)	O
responsible	O
for	O
SARS	B-DISO
viral	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
has	O
been	O
identified	O
as	O
a	O
target	O
for	O
developing	O
anti	O
-	O
SARS	B-DISO
drugs	O
.	O

Here	O
,	O
I	O
report	O
the	O
ATVRLQ	O
(	O
p1	O
)	O
A	O
(	O
p1	O
')-	O
bound	O
CCP	B-DISO
3D	O
model	O
predicted	O
by	O
420	O
different	O
molecular	B-PROC
dynamics	I-PROC
simulations	O
(	O
2	O
.	O
0	O
ns	O
for	O
each	O
simulation	O
with	O
a	O
1	O
.	O
0	O
-	O
fs	O
time	O
step	O
).	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
A	O
producer	O
administered	O
2	O
US	O
Department	O
of	O
Agriculture	O
-	O
licensed	O
adjuvanted	O
veterinary	O
vaccines	O
(	O
inactivated	O
bovine	B-SPEC
rotavirus	B-SPEC
-	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
vaccine	O
;	O
Clostridium	B-SPEC
perfringens	I-SPEC
type	O
C	O
-	O
Escherichia	B-SPEC
coli	I-SPEC
bacterin	O
-	O
toxoid	O
)	O
into	O
muscles	B-ANAT
of	O
the	O
left	O
and	O
right	O
hips	B-ANAT
of	O
469	O
pregnant	O
beef	O
cows	B-SPEC
.	O

Histological	O
samples	O
revealed	O
granulomatous	B-DISO
myositis	I-DISO
with	O
intralesional	O
oil	O
.	O

The	O
key	O
issues	O
identified	O
by	O
the	O
COPD	B-DISO
Roundtable	O
Group	O
for	O
comment	O
are	O
:	O
(	O
i	O
)	O
where	O
there	O
is	O
no	O
access	O
to	O
spirometry	O
,	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
COPD	O
could	O
be	O
suspected	O
on	O
the	O
basis	O
of	O
history	O
,	O
symptoms	O
and	O
physical	O
signs	O
;	O
(	O
ii	O
)	O
inhaled	B-PROC
bronchodilators	O
are	O
the	O
preferred	O
regular	O
treatment	O
for	O
COPD	B-DISO
in	O
the	O
region	O
,	O
but	O
oral	B-ANAT
bronchodilators	O
may	O
be	O
considered	O
if	O
the	O
cost	O
of	O
inhaled	B-PROC
bronchodilators	O
is	O
a	O
barrier	O
to	O
treatment	O
;	O
(	O
iii	O
)	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
a	O
Metered	O
Dose	O
Inhaler	O
with	O
spacer	O
in	O
place	O
of	O
a	O
nebulizer	O
is	O
recommended	O
in	O
the	O
treatment	O
of	O
acute	O
airflow	B-PROC
obstruction	B-DISO
in	O
patients	O
with	O
COPD	B-DISO
;	O
(	O
iv	O
)	O
influenza	B-DISO
vaccination	O
is	O
recommended	O
for	O
all	O
patients	O
with	O
COPD	B-DISO
in	O
communities	O
where	O
there	O
is	O
a	O
high	O
likelihood	O
of	O
Severe	B-DISO
Acute	I-DISO
Respiratory	I-DISO
Syndrome	I-DISO
;	O
and	O
(	O
v	O
)	O
simplified	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
rehabilitation	O
programmes	O
should	O
be	O
established	O
in	O
areas	O
where	O
comprehensive	O
programmes	O
are	O
unavailable	O
.	O

It	O
has	O
been	O
observed	O
that	O
the	O
catalytic	O
dyad	O
(	O
His	O
-	O
41	O
/	O
Cys	B-CHED
-	O
145	O
)	O
site	O
between	O
domains	O
I	O
and	O
II	O
attracts	O
the	O
pi	O
electron	O
density	O
from	O
the	O
peptide	B-CHED
bond	O
Gln	B-CHED
-	O
Ser	B-COMP
,	O
increasing	O
the	O
positive	O
charge	O
on	O
C	O
(	O
CO	O
)	O
of	O
Gln	B-CHED
and	O
the	O
negative	O
charge	O
on	O
N	O
(	O
NH	O
)	O
of	O
Ser	B-COMP
,	O
so	O
as	O
to	O
weaken	O
the	O
Gln	B-CHED
-	O
Ser	B-COMP
peptide	B-CHED
bond	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
SARS	B-DISO
and	O
avian	B-DISO
influenza	I-DISO
have	O
many	O
common	O
features	O
.	O

Prospective	O
cohort	O
analysis	O
was	O
done	O
from	O
117	O
very	O
low	O
-	O
birthweight	O
infants	O
who	O
were	O
born	O
in	O
Seoul	O
National	O
University	O
Hospital	O
and	O
survived	O
more	O
than	O
36	O
weeks	O
postmenstrual	O
age	O
(	O
PMA	B-CHED
).	O

Chronic	O
oxygen	B-CHED
requirement	O
pattern	O
showed	O
that	O
infants	O
with	O
RDS	O
(+)	O
CA	O
(+)	O
CLD	B-DISO
required	O
the	O
highest	O
concentrations	O
of	O
oxygen	B-CHED
not	O
only	O
initially	O
but	O
also	O
thereafter	O
until	O
the	O
28th	O
day	O
of	O
life	O
and	O
36	O
weeks	O
PMA	B-CHED
.	O

Phylogenetic	O
analysis	O
suggested	O
an	O
independent	O
viral	O
invasion	B-DISO
from	O
animal	B-SPEC
to	O
human	B-SPEC
in	O
this	O
new	O
episode	O
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
One	O
fourth	O
of	O
patients	O
with	O
SARS	B-DISO
developed	O
hypouricemia	B-DISO
,	O
which	O
might	O
result	O
from	O
a	O
defect	O
in	O
renal	B-ANAT
UA	O
handling	O
and	O
was	O
associated	O
with	O
a	O
high	O
serum	B-COMP
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
8	I-FUNC
level	O
.	O

Negative	O
appraisals	O
at	O
the	O
acute	O
phase	O
and	O
1	O
-	O
month	O
recovery	O
significantly	O
accounted	O
for	O
substantial	O
portions	O
of	O
variances	O
for	O
anxiety	O
and	O
depressive	B-DISO
symptoms	I-DISO
,	O
after	O
the	O
effects	O
of	O
other	O
psychosocial	O
variables	O
were	O
controlled	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
outbreak	O
of	O
severe	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
posed	O
an	O
unprecedented	O
threat	O
and	O
a	O
great	O
challenge	O
to	O
health	O
professionals	O
in	O
Hong	O
Kong	O
.	O

Socio	O
-	O
demographic	O
and	O
stress	O
variables	O
were	O
entered	O
into	O
a	O
logistic	O
regression	O
analysis	O
to	O
find	O
out	O
the	O
variables	O
associated	O
with	O
psychological	B-DISO
morbidity	O
.	O

The	O
healthcare	O
workers	O
'	O
psychological	B-DISO
morbidity	O
was	O
best	O
understood	O
by	O
the	O
perceptions	O
of	O
personal	O
vulnerability	O
,	O
stress	O
and	O
support	O
in	O
the	O
workplace	O
.	O

Forty	O
-	O
two	O
percent	O
of	O
parents	O
feared	O
catching	B-DISO
an	O
infection	B-DISO
from	O
their	O
children	O
,	O
and	O
36	O
.	O
1	O
%	O
of	O
parents	O
feared	O
transmitting	O
HIV	B-DISO
to	O
their	O
children	O
.	O

Twenty	O
-	O
eight	O
percent	O
of	O
parents	O
avoided	O
at	O
least	O
1	O
type	O
of	O
interaction	O
with	O
their	O
children	O
""""	O
a	O
lot	O
""""	O
because	O
they	O
feared	O
transmitting	O
HIV	B-DISO
or	O
catching	B-DISO
an	O
opportunistic	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
.	O

Among	O
the	O
serological	O
tests	O
currently	O
available	O
for	O
the	O
detection	O
of	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
,	O
a	O
whole	O
-	O
virus	B-SPEC
-	O
based	O
immunofluorescence	O
assay	O
(	O
IFA	O
)	O
was	O
considered	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
most	O
sensitive	O
assays	O
and	O
served	O
as	O
a	O
""""	O
gold	B-CHED
standard	O
""""	O
during	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
epidemic	O
in	O
Singapore	O
in	O
2003	O
.	O

Thus	O
,	O
the	O
novel	O
N	O
-	O
S	O
fusion	O
antigen	B-CHED
-	O
based	O
IFA	O
could	O
be	O
an	O
attractive	O
alternative	O
to	O
present	O
whole	O
-	O
virus	B-SPEC
-	O
based	O
IFAs	O
for	O
the	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
CoV	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
This	O
is	O
a	O
phenomenological	O
study	O
that	O
examined	O
nursing	B-PROC
students	O
'	O
perception	O
of	O
nursing	B-PROC
professional	O
identity	O
during	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
outbreak	O
in	O
Hong	O
Kong	O
in	O
2003	O
.	O

Establishing	O
the	O
diagnosis	O
for	O
this	O
patient	O
increased	O
public	O
awareness	O
of	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
and	O
was	O
soon	O
followed	O
by	O
a	O
halting	O
of	O
poultry	O
-	O
to	O
-	O
human	B-SPEC
transmission	O
.	O

Livestock	O
pathogens	O
are	O
subjected	O
to	O
pressures	O
resulting	O
from	O
the	O
production	O
,	O
processing	O
and	O
retail	O
environment	O
which	O
together	O
alter	O
host	B-COMP
contact	O
rate	O
,	O
population	O
size	O
and	O
/	O
or	O
microbial	O
traffic	O
flows	O
in	O
the	O
food	O
chain	O
.	O

In	O
both	O
scenarios	O
,	O
environmental	O
factors	O
relating	O
to	O
demography	O
,	O
land	B-COMP
pressure	O
and	O
imbalances	O
in	O
production	O
intensification	O
have	O
led	O
to	O
an	O
unstable	O
epidemiological	O
situation	O
,	O
as	O
evidenced	O
by	O
the	O
highly	O
pathogenic	O
avian	B-DISO
influenza	I-DISO
upsurge	O
early	O
in	O
2004	O
,	O
when	O
the	O
main	O
outbreaks	O
were	O
located	O
in	O
areas	O
which	O
had	O
both	O
large	O
scale	O
,	O
peri	O
-	O
urban	O
commercial	O
holdings	O
and	O
a	O
high	O
density	O
of	O
smallholder	O
poultry	O
units	O
.	O

In	O
the	O
second	O
pattern	O
,	O
direct	O
or	O
vector	O
-	O
mediated	O
animal	B-SPEC
-	O
to	O
-	O
human	B-SPEC
transmission	O
is	O
the	O
usual	O
source	O
of	O
human	B-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Animal	B-SPEC
coronaviruses	O
:	O
what	O
can	O
they	O
teach	O
us	O
about	O
the	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
?	O

This	O
review	O
focuses	O
on	O
the	O
comparative	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
of	O
CoV	O
infections	B-DISO
,	O
including	O
the	O
factors	O
that	O
accentuate	O
CoV	O
respiratory	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
,	O
with	O
emphasis	O
on	O
livestock	O
and	O
poultry	O
.	O

Risk	O
factors	O
for	O
infection	B-DISO
in	O
HCWs	O
included	O
lack	O
of	O
awareness	O
and	O
preparedness	O
when	O
the	O
disease	O
first	O
struck	B-DISO
,	O
poor	O
institutional	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
control	O
measures	O
,	O
lack	O
of	O
training	O
in	O
infection	B-DISO
control	O
procedures	O
,	O
poor	O
compliance	O
with	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
personal	O
protection	O
equipment	O
(	O
PPE	B-CHED
),	O
exposure	O
to	O
high	O
-	O
risk	O
procedures	O
such	O
as	O
intubation	O
and	O
nebulization	O
,	O
and	O
exposure	O
to	O
unsuspected	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
.	O

This	O
motif	O
is	O
missing	O
from	O
the	O
spike	O
protein	B-CHED
of	O
the	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
-	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
),	O
resulting	O
in	O
high	O
level	O
of	O
surface	O
expression	B-PROC
of	O
the	O
spike	O
protein	B-CHED
when	O
it	O
is	O
expressed	B-PROC
on	O
its	O
own	O
in	O
vitro	O
.	O

In	O
addition	O
,	O
3a	O
can	O
bind	O
to	O
the	O
spike	O
protein	B-CHED
and	O
through	O
this	O
interaction	O
,	O
it	O
may	O
be	O
able	O
to	O
cause	O
the	O
spike	O
protein	B-CHED
to	O
become	O
internalized	O
,	O
resulting	O
in	O
a	O
decrease	O
in	O
its	O
surface	O
expression	B-PROC
.	O

A	O
total	O
of	O
254	O
patients	O
with	O
confirmed	O
SARS	B-DISO
treated	O
with	O
steroids	B-CHED
underwent	O
evaluation	O
with	O
magnetic	O
resonance	O
(	O
MR	O
)	O
imaging	O
for	O
osteonecrosis	B-DISO
.	O

MR	O
images	O
in	O
12	O
(	O
5	O
%)	O
of	O
254	O
patients	O
showed	O
evidence	O
of	O
subchondral	O
osteonecrosis	B-DISO
in	O
the	O
proximal	B-ANAT
femur	I-ANAT
(	O
n	O
=	O
9	O
),	O
distal	B-ANAT
femur	I-ANAT
(	O
n	O
=	O
2	O
),	O
and	O
proximal	O
and	O
distal	O
femora	O
and	O
proximal	O
tibiae	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
1	O
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Anti	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
SARS	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
immunoglobulin	B-PROC
G	O
in	O
healthcare	O
workers	O
,	O
Guangzhou	O
,	O
China	O
.	O

Peripheral	B-ANAT
blood	I-ANAT
microscopy	O
,	O
parasite	O
antigen	B-CHED
-	O
based	O
assays	O
,	O
and	O
parasite	O
18s	O
rRNA	B-CHED
gene	O
-	O
based	O
polymerase	O
chain	O
reaction	O
showed	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
P	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
vivax	I-SPEC
and	O
absence	O
of	O
P	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
falciparum	I-SPEC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Vaccination	O
against	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
CoV	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
is	O
an	O
attractive	O
means	O
to	O
control	O
the	O
spread	O
of	O
viruses	B-SPEC
in	O
public	O
.	O

The	O
results	O
suggest	O
that	O
the	O
N	O
,	O
M	O
,	O
and	O
E	O
genes	O
could	O
be	O
used	O
as	O
the	O
targets	O
to	O
prevent	O
SARS	O
-	O
CoV	O
infection	O
in	O
the	O
DNA	O
vaccine	O
development	B-PROC
.	O

Surveillance	O
for	O
SARS	B-DISO
was	O
initiated	O
on	O
14	O
March	O
2003	O
.	O

Between	O
14	O
March	O
and	O
30	O
July	O
2003	O
a	O
total	O
of	O
668	O
probable	O
cases	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
were	O
reported	O
.	O

A	O
novel	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
was	O
identified	O
as	O
the	O
aetiological	O
agent	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
and	O
the	O
30kb	O
viral	B-COMP
genome	I-COMP
was	O
deciphered	O
with	O
unprecedented	O
speed	O
in	O
a	O
coordinated	O
manner	O
by	O
the	O
global	O
community	O
.	O

Physiopathology	O
of	O
TRALI	B-DISO
is	O
poorly	O
understood	O
,	O
and	O
still	O
controversial	O
.	O

In	O
addition	O
,	O
ADS	O
-	O
MVA	B-CHED
induced	O
potent	O
immune	B-PROC
responses	I-PROC
which	O
very	O
likely	O
protected	O
Chinese	O
rhesus	B-SPEC
monkeys	I-SPEC
from	O
pathogenic	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
challenge	O
.	O

We	O
also	O
describe	O
improvements	O
in	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
the	O
coronavirus	O
reverse	O
genetic	O
system	O
based	O
on	O
vaccinia	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
cloning	O
vectors	O
.	O

These	O
modifications	O
facilitate	O
(	O
i	O
)	O
the	O
mutagenesis	B-PROC
of	O
cloned	O
cDNA	O
by	O
using	O
vaccinia	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
-	O
mediated	O
homologous	B-PATH
recombination	I-PATH
and	O
(	O
ii	O
)	O
the	O
rescue	O
of	O
recombinant	O
coronaviruses	O
by	O
using	O
a	O
stable	O
nucleocapsid	B-COMP
protein	B-CHED
-	O
expressing	O
cell	B-ANAT
line	I-ANAT
for	O
the	O
electroporation	O
of	O
infectious	B-DISO
full	O
-	O
length	O
genomes	O
.	O

We	O
reviewed	O
14	O
brain	B-ANAT
and	O
three	O
spinal	O
MR	O
images	O
:	O
nonenhanced	O
and	O
contrast	O
-	O
enhanced	O
T1	O
-	O
weighted	O
images	O
(	O
T1WIs	O
)	O
and	O
T2	O
-	O
weighted	O
images	O
(	O
T2WIs	O
),	O
nonenhanced	O
fluid	O
-	O
attenuated	O
inversion	B-DISO
recovery	O
(	O
FLAIR	O
)	O
images	O
(	O
11	O
patients	O
)	O
and	O
enhanced	O
FLAIR	O
images	O
(	O
three	O
patients	O
),	O
with	O
diffusion	O
-	O
weighted	O
(	O
DW	O
)	O
images	O
and	O
apparent	O
diffusion	O
coefficient	O
maps	O
.	O

WNV	B-DISO
infection	B-DISO
was	O
diagnosed	O
by	O
means	O
of	O
enzyme	O
-	O
linked	O
immunosorbent	O
assay	O
with	O
a	O
plaque	B-DISO
reduction	O
neutralization	O
test	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
MR	O
imaging	O
findings	O
included	O
:	O
1	O
)	O
normal	O
(	O
five	O
patients	O
);	O
2	O
)	O
DW	O
imaging	O
-	O
only	O
abnormalities	O
in	O
the	O
white	B-ANAT
matter	I-ANAT
,	O
corona	B-ANAT
radiata	I-ANAT
,	O
and	O
internal	B-ANAT
capsule	I-ANAT
(	O
four	O
patients	O
);	O
3	O
)	O
hyperintensity	O
on	O
FLAIR	O
images	O
and	O
T2WIs	O
in	O
the	O
lobar	O
gray	O
and	O
white	B-ANAT
matter	I-ANAT
,	O
cerebellum	B-ANAT
,	O
basal	B-ANAT
ganglia	I-ANAT
,	O
thalamus	B-ANAT
and	O
internal	B-ANAT
capsule	I-ANAT
,	O
pons	B-ANAT
and	O
midbrain	B-ANAT
(	O
three	O
patients	O
);	O
4	O
)	O
meningeal	O
involvement	O
(	O
two	O
patients	O
);	O
and	O
5	O
)	O
spinal	B-ANAT
cord	I-ANAT
,	O
cauda	B-ANAT
equina	I-ANAT
,	O
and	O
nerve	B-ANAT
root	I-ANAT
involvement	O
(	O
three	O
patients	O
).	O

Effects	O
of	O
methylprednisolone	B-CHED
and	O
lidocaine	B-CHED
on	O
histopathology	O
and	O
neutrophils	O
.	O

The	O
aim	O
of	O
this	O
study	O
is	O
to	O
demonstrate	O
if	O
these	O
2	O
agents	O
,	O
given	O
at	O
an	O
early	O
stage	O
,	O
can	O
reduce	O
lung	B-ANAT
damage	O
and	O
improve	O
oxygenation	B-PROC
.	O

The	O
study	O
was	O
carried	O
out	O
at	O
the	O
animal	B-SPEC
laboratories	O
of	O
Ataturk	O
University	O
,	O
Medical	O
Faculty	O
,	O
Erzurum	O
,	O
Turkey	B-SPEC
during	O
the	O
year	O
2002	O
,	O
and	O
performed	O
on	O
a	O
rabbit	B-SPEC
acid	O
aspiration	B-DISO
model	O
.	O

For	O
this	O
purpose	O
,	O
we	O
have	O
analyzed	O
the	O
results	O
of	O
molecular	B-PROC
dynamics	I-PROC
simulations	O
where	O
all	O
possible	O
conformational	O
and	O
aggregational	O
space	O
was	O
systematically	O
explored	O
.	O

The	O
second	O
is	O
that	O
protein	B-CHED
E	O
forms	O
the	O
same	O
type	O
of	O
transmembrane	B-COMP
oligomer	O
and	O
with	O
identical	O
backbone	B-ANAT
structure	O
in	O
different	O
coronaviruses	O
.	O

Thirty	O
-	O
two	O
acute	O
-	O
care	O
hospitals	O
were	O
required	O
to	O
report	O
their	O
previous	O
day	O
'	O
s	O
unscheduled	O
admissions	O
for	O
11	O
syndromes	B-DISO
(	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
,	O
hemoptysis	B-DISO
,	O
respiratory	B-DISO
distress	I-DISO
,	O
acute	O
neurologic	O
illness	O
,	O
nontraumatic	O
paralysis	O
,	O
sepsis	B-DISO
and	O
nontraumatic	O
shock	O
,	O
fever	B-DISO
with	I-DISO
rash	I-DISO
,	O
fever	B-PROC
of	O
unknown	O
cause	O
,	O
acute	O
gastrointestinal	O
illness	O
,	O
and	O
possible	O
cutaneous	B-DISO
anthrax	I-DISO
,	O
and	O
suspected	O
illness	O
clusters	B-CHED
).	O

HASS	O
was	O
sensitive	O
enough	O
to	O
reflect	O
annual	O
increases	O
in	O
hospital	O
-	O
admission	O
rates	O
for	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
during	O
the	O
influenza	B-DISO
season	O
and	O
to	O
confirm	O
an	O
outbreak	O
of	O
gastrointestinal	O
illness	O
.	O

This	O
system	O
was	O
created	O
for	O
early	O
detection	O
of	O
infectious	B-DISO
-	O
disease	O
outbreaks	O
,	O
either	O
natural	O
or	O
intentional	O
.	O

During	O
March	O
2003	O
,	O
the	O
system	O
generated	O
a	O
4	O
-	O
day	O
citywide	O
respiratory	O
signal	O
and	O
a	O
simultaneous	O
1	O
-	O
day	O
hospital	O
-	O
level	O
fever	B-PROC
signal	O
in	O
a	O
predominantly	O
Asian	O
community	O
.	O

In	O
those	O
instances	O
,	O
epidemiologic	O
investigation	O
provided	O
reassurance	O
that	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
was	O
not	O
present	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
SARS	B-DISO
Surveillance	O
Project	O
--	O
Internet	O
-	O
enabled	O
multiregion	O
surveillance	O
for	O
rapidly	O
emerging	O
disease	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Is	O
thermal	O
scanner	O
losing	O
its	O
bite	B-PROC
in	O
mass	O
screening	O
of	O
fever	B-PROC
due	O
to	O
SARS	B-DISO
?	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
is	O
a	O
highly	O
infectious	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
caused	O
by	O
a	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
.	O

It	O
is	O
believed	O
that	O
IR	O
cameras	O
can	O
potentially	O
be	O
used	O
to	O
detect	O
subjects	O
with	O
fever	B-PROC
,	O
the	O
cardinal	B-SPEC
symptom	B-DISO
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
avian	B-DISO
influenza	I-DISO
.	O

It	O
is	O
also	O
limited	O
by	O
the	O
fact	O
that	O
the	O
thermal	O
imager	O
measures	O
the	O
skin	B-ANAT
temperature	O
and	O
not	O
the	O
core	O
body	O
temperature	O
.	O

Fever	B-PROC
happens	O
if	O
the	O
hypothalamus	B-ANAT
detects	O
pyrogens	O
and	O
then	O
raises	O
the	O
set	O
point	O
.	O

False	O
negative	O
results	O
should	O
be	O
avoided	O
at	O
all	O
costs	O
,	O
as	O
letting	O
a	O
SARS	B-DISO
infected	O
person	O
through	O
the	O
screening	O
process	O
may	O
result	O
in	O
potentially	O
catastrophic	O
results	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Isolation	O
of	O
avian	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
bronchitis	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
from	O
domestic	O
peafowl	B-SPEC
(	O
Pavo	B-SPEC
cristatus	I-SPEC
)	O
and	O
teal	O
(	O
Anas	O
).	O

Taken	O
together	O
,	O
this	O
information	O
suggests	O
that	O
pf	O
/	O
CH	O
/	O
LKQ3	O
/	O
03	O
might	O
be	O
a	O
revertant	O
,	O
attenuated	O
vaccine	O
IBV	B-SPEC
strain	O
,	O
whereas	O
tl	O
/	O
CH	O
/	O
LDT3	O
/	O
03	O
is	O
a	O
nephropathogenic	O
field	O
IBV	B-SPEC
strain	O
,	O
generated	O
through	O
recombination	B-PROC
.	O

Many	O
valuable	O
lessons	O
have	O
been	O
learned	B-PROC
through	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
epidemic	O
.	O

Lung	B-ANAT
computerized	O
tomography	O
(	O
CT	O
)	O
was	O
obtained	O
in	O
both	O
the	O
supine	O
position	O
and	O
10	O
min	O
after	O
prone	O
position	O
.	O

The	O
changes	O
of	O
the	O
PaO	B-PROC
(	O
2	O
)	O
were	O
similar	O
to	O
the	O
PaO	B-PRGE
(	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
)/	I-PRGE
FiO	I-PRGE
(	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
).	I-PRGE

PPV	B-CHED
could	O
be	O
used	O
to	O
improve	O
severe	O
hypoxemia	O
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
It	O
is	O
very	O
important	O
for	O
physicians	O
to	O
be	O
alert	O
to	O
the	O
epidemiological	O
data	O
for	O
an	O
early	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
therefore	O
early	O
isolation	O
and	O
initiation	O
of	O
appropriate	O
treatment	O
.	O

Liver	B-DISO
damage	I-DISO
of	O
patients	O
with	O
SARS	B-DISO
usually	O
occurs	O
in	O
the	O
early	O
stage	O
of	O
the	O
disease	O
with	O
a	O
high	O
occurrence	O
rate	O
and	O
a	O
prolonged	O
profile	O
,	O
which	O
can	O
be	O
characterized	O
by	O
early	O
,	O
obvious	O
decrease	O
of	O
albumin	B-PRGE
levels	O
and	O
slightly	O
abnormal	O
levels	O
of	O
ALT	B-FUNC
.	O

The	O
liver	B-DISO
damage	I-DISO
induced	O
by	O
SARS	B-DISO
seems	O
to	O
be	O
caused	O
by	O
SARS	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
directly	O
rather	O
than	O
by	O
low	O
SaO2	B-PROC
or	O
high	O
fever	B-PROC
.	O

Hepatic	B-ANAT
histological	O
examination	O
of	O
4	O
patients	O
demonstrated	O
that	O
non	O
-	O
specific	O
inflammation	B-DISO
existed	O
in	O
the	O
liver	B-ANAT
.	O

LPS	B-FUNC
binding	I-FUNC
to	O
its	O
receptors	O
is	O
the	O
crucial	O
step	O
in	O
the	O
causation	O
of	O
these	O
multistep	O
events	O
.	O

Software	O
implementing	O
the	O
algorithm	O
and	O
the	O
benchmark	O
is	O
available	O
under	O
GPL	O
from	O
http	O
://	O
www	O
.	O
biowiki	O
.	O
org	O
/	O
RESULTS	O
:	O
We	O
present	O
an	O
algorithm	O
for	O
maximum	O
-	O
likelihood	O
estimation	O
of	O
insertion	O
and	O
deletion	O
rates	O
from	O
multiple	O
sequence	O
alignments	O
,	O
using	O
EM	O
,	O
under	O
the	O
single	O
-	O
residue	O
indel	B-PROC
model	O
owing	O
to	O
Thorne	O
,	O
Kishino	O
and	O
Felsenstein	O
(	O
the	O
'	O
TKF91	O
'	O
model	O
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Increased	O
epitope	B-CHED
-	O
specific	O
CD8	B-PRGE
+	I-PRGE
T	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
prevent	O
murine	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
spread	O
to	O
the	O
spinal	B-ANAT
cord	I-ANAT
and	O
subsequent	O
demyelination	O
.	O

P14	O
splenocytes	O
(	O
transgenic	O
for	O
a	O
T	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
cell	I-PRGE
receptor	I-PRGE
specific	O
for	O
the	O
gp33	B-PRGE
epitope	I-PRGE
)	O
were	O
transferred	O
at	O
different	O
times	O
pre	O
-	O
and	O
postinfection	O
(	O
p	O
.	O
i	O
.).	O

Following	O
intracranial	B-ANAT
inoculation	O
of	O
mice	B-SPEC
,	O
the	O
viruses	B-SPEC
encoding	O
Tyr6398His	O
/	O
Leu94Pro	O
substitutions	O
and	O
the	O
Tyr6398His	O
substitution	O
alone	O
demonstrated	O
log10	O
50	O
%	O
lethal	O
dose	O
(	O
LD50	O
)	O
values	O
too	O
great	O
to	O
be	O
measured	O
.	O

The	O
experiments	O
have	O
defined	O
residues	O
in	O
ORF	B-PRGE
1b	I-PRGE
and	I-PRGE
ORF	I-PRGE
2a	I-PRGE
that	O
attenuate	O
virus	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
and	O
virulence	B-PROC
in	O
mice	B-SPEC
but	O
do	O
not	O
affect	O
in	O
vitro	O
replication	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
B	B-ANAT
-	I-ANAT
cell	B-COMP
responses	O
in	O
patients	O
who	O
have	O
recovered	O
from	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
target	O
a	O
dominant	O
site	O
in	O
the	O
S2	O
domain	O
of	O
the	O
surface	O
spike	O
glycoprotein	O
.	O

One	O
child	O
developed	O
acute	B-DISO
renal	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
,	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
edema	I-DISO
and	O
pericardial	B-DISO
effusion	I-DISO
followed	O
by	O
respiratory	B-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Development	B-PROC
of	O
a	O
quantitative	O
assay	O
for	O
SARS	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
and	O
correlation	O
of	O
GAPDH	B-PRGE
mRNA	B-CHED
with	O
SARS	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
in	O
clinical	O
specimens	O
.	O

This	O
Q	O
-	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
assay	O
can	O
be	O
used	O
to	O
detect	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
.	O
Moreover	O
,	O
GAPDH	B-PRGE
mRNA	B-CHED
may	O
be	O
useful	O
to	O
rule	O
out	O
false	O
negative	O
results	O
in	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
detection	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
current	O
extraction	O
method	O
for	O
urine	B-ANAT
may	O
not	O
be	O
sensitive	O
enough	O
to	O
detect	O
low	O
titres	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
.	O
RESULTS	O
:	O
Varying	O
amounts	O
of	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
were	O
found	O
in	O
the	O
26	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
positive	O
specimens	O
and	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
was	O
not	O
detected	O
in	O
the	O
40	O
follow	O
up	O
specimens	O
and	O
controls	O
.	O

Human	B-SPEC
metapneumovirus	I-SPEC
has	O
now	O
been	O
detected	O
worldwide	O
,	O
causing	O
severe	O
respiratory	B-ANAT
tract	I-ANAT
illnesses	O
primarily	O
in	O
very	O
young	O
,	O
elderly	O
and	O
immunocompromised	O
individuals	O
.	O

Considerable	O
genetic	O
and	O
antigenic	B-PROC
diversity	I-PROC
was	O
observed	O
for	O
human	B-SPEC
metapneumovirus	I-SPEC
,	O
but	O
the	O
implication	O
of	O
this	O
diversity	O
for	O
vaccine	O
development	B-PROC
and	O
virus	B-SPEC
epidemiology	O
requires	O
further	O
study	O
.	O

This	O
paper	O
presents	O
a	O
detailed	O
study	O
of	O
environmental	O
evidence	O
of	O
possible	O
airborne	O
transmission	O
in	O
a	O
hospital	O
ward	O
during	O
the	O
largest	O
nosocomial	O
SARS	B-DISO
outbreak	O
in	O
Hong	O
Kong	O
in	O
March	O
2003	O
.	O

Our	O
study	O
revealed	O
the	O
need	O
for	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
improved	O
ventilation	O
and	O
air	B-CHED
-	O
conditioning	O
systems	O
in	O
an	O
isolation	O
ward	O
or	O
a	O
general	O
hospital	O
ward	O
for	O
infectious	B-DISO
respiratory	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
.	O

The	O
outbreak	O
in	O
Ward	O
8A	O
,	O
which	O
was	O
in	O
a	O
general	O
hospital	O
and	O
could	O
house	O
nearly	O
40	O
patients	O
,	O
demonstrated	O
the	O
cross	O
-	O
infection	B-DISO
risks	O
of	O
respiratory	O
infectious	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
in	O
hospitals	O
if	O
a	O
potential	O
highly	O
infectious	B-DISO
patient	O
was	O
not	O
identified	O
and	O
isolated	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Multi	O
-	O
zone	O
modeling	O
of	O
probable	O
SARS	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
transmission	O
by	O
airflow	B-PROC
between	O
flats	O
in	O
Block	O
E	O
,	O
Amoy	O
Gardens	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Persistence	O
of	O
Mycoplasma	B-SPEC
gallisepticum	I-SPEC
in	O
chickens	B-SPEC
after	O
treatment	O
with	O
enrofloxacin	B-CHED
without	O
development	O
of	O
resistance	B-PROC
.	O

Groups	O
of	O
specific	O
pathogen	O
free	O
chickens	B-SPEC
were	O
experimentally	O
infected	O
with	O
M	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
gallisepticum	I-SPEC
and	O
treated	O
with	O
enrofloxacin	B-CHED
at	O
increasing	O
concentrations	O
up	O
to	O
the	O
therapeutic	O
dose	O
.	O

The	O
soluble	O
30kDa	B-PRGE
SA59B	I-PRGE
scFv	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
antibody	I-PRGE
was	O
verified	O
in	O
SDS	B-DISO
-	O
PAGE	O
and	O
Western	O
-	O
blot	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Quality	O
management	O
case	O
studies	O
in	O
health	O
service	O
emergencies	B-DISO
:	O
SARS	B-DISO
and	O
wildland	O
-	O
urban	O
interface	O
fires	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
New	O
antiviral	B-CHED
drugs	I-CHED
,	O
vaccines	O
and	O
classic	O
public	O
health	O
interventions	O
against	O
SARS	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
.	O

In	O
this	O
review	O
,	O
several	O
antiviral	B-CHED
substances	O
shown	O
to	O
be	O
active	O
in	O
vitro	O
will	O
be	O
introduced	O
and	O
summarized	O
in	O
the	O
order	B-SPEC
of	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
'	O
replication	O
steps	O
;	O
that	O
is	O
,	O
binding	B-FUNC
to	O
cellular	B-PRGE
receptor	I-PRGE
,	O
fusion	O
and	O
entry	O
to	O
the	O
cells	B-COMP
,	O
viral	O
RNA	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
and	O
transcription	B-PROC
,	O
protein	B-PROC
processing	I-PROC
and	O
so	O
on	O
.	O

Lymphopenia	B-DISO
and	O
raised	O
lactate	B-PRGE
dehydrogenase	I-PRGE
(	O
LDH	B-PRGE
)	O
was	O
seen	O
in	O
seven	O
patients	O
.	O

The	O
primary	O
abnormality	O
on	O
chest	B-ANAT
radiograph	O
was	O
air	B-CHED
-	O
space	O
opacification	O
.	O

Early	O
isolation	O
of	O
febrile	B-PROC
patients	O
with	O
a	O
positive	O
contact	O
history	O
must	O
be	O
undertaken	O
,	O
even	O
in	O
the	O
face	B-DISO
of	O
another	O
identifiable	O
cause	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
The	O
protein	B-CHED
X4	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
-	O
associated	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
is	O
expressed	B-PROC
on	O
both	O
virus	O
-	O
infected	O
cells	B-COMP
and	O
lung	B-ANAT
tissue	I-ANAT
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
patients	O
and	O
inhibits	O
growth	B-PROC
of	O
Balb	O
/	O
c	O
3T3	O
cell	B-ANAT
line	I-ANAT
.	O

The	O
deduced	O
sequence	O
contains	O
a	O
probable	O
cleaved	B-ANAT
signal	O
peptide	B-CHED
sequence	O
and	O
a	O
C	O
-	O
terminal	O
transmembrane	B-COMP
helix	O
,	O
indicating	O
that	O
protein	B-CHED
X4	O
is	O
likely	O
to	O
be	O
a	O
type	O
I	O
membrane	B-COMP
protein	B-CHED
.	O

We	O
expressed	B-PROC
and	O
purified	O
soluble	O
recombinant	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
X4	I-PRGE
from	O
E	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
coli	I-SPEC
,	O
and	O
generated	O
specific	O
antibodies	B-COMP
against	O
protein	B-CHED
X4	O
.	O

It	O
was	O
also	O
detected	O
in	O
the	O
lung	B-ANAT
tissues	I-ANAT
from	O
patients	O
with	O
SARS	B-DISO
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
The	O
results	O
provide	O
the	O
evidence	O
of	O
protein	B-CHED
X4	O
expression	B-PROC
following	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
CoV	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
,	O
and	O
may	O
facilitate	O
further	O
investigation	O
of	O
the	O
immunopathological	O
mechanism	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
.	O

Unfortunately	O
,	O
despite	O
long	O
-	O
term	O
efforts	O
,	O
effective	O
vaccines	O
to	O
prevent	O
enteric	O
CoV	O
infections	B-DISO
remain	O
elusive	O
,	O
and	O
generally	O
live	O
,	O
but	O
not	O
killed	O
vaccines	O
,	O
have	O
induced	O
the	O
most	O
consistent	O
protection	O
against	O
animal	B-SPEC
CoVs	O
.	O

During	O
hospitalization	O
,	O
lymphopenia	B-DISO
was	O
found	O
in	O
57	O
patients	O
(	O
85	O
.	O
1	O
%);	O
and	O
elevated	O
levels	O
of	O
lactate	B-PRGE
dehydrogenase	I-PRGE
(	O
LDH	B-PRGE
;	O
n	O
=	O
55	O
;	O
83	O
.	O
3	O
%),	O
C	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
reactive	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
(	O
n	O
=	O
55	O
;	O
83	O
.	O
3	O
%),	O
aminotransferases	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
44	O
;	O
65	O
.	O
7	O
%),	O
and	O
creatine	B-ENZY
kinase	I-ENZY
(	O
n	O
=	O
14	O
;	O
20	O
.	O
9	O
%)	O
were	O
also	O
noted	O
.	O

The	O
overall	O
mortality	O
rate	O
was	O
31	O
.	O
3	O
%	O
(	O
21	O
/	O
67	O
),	O
whereas	O
the	O
rate	O
for	O
patients	O
who	O
developed	O
ARDS	B-DISO
was	O
63	O
.	O
6	O
%	O
(	O
21	O
/	O
33	O
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Catastrophic	O
antiphospholipid	B-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
:	O
a	O
rare	O
cause	O
of	O
disseminated	O
microvascular	O
thrombotic	O
injury	O
-	O
a	O
case	O
report	O
with	O
pathological	O
and	O
molecular	O
correlative	O
studies	O
.	O

We	O
report	O
a	O
fatal	O
case	O
of	O
catastrophic	O
antiphospholipid	B-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
in	O
a	O
young	O
woman	O
with	O
a	O
history	O
of	O
polymyositis	B-DISO
and	O
Hodgkin	B-DISO
lymphoma	I-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Cloning	O
and	O
sequence	O
analysis	O
of	O
the	O
M	B-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
of	O
porcine	B-SPEC
epidemic	I-SPEC
diarrhea	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
LJB	O
/	O
03	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Isolation	O
of	O
virus	B-SPEC
from	O
a	O
SARS	B-DISO
patient	O
and	O
genome	O
-	O
wide	O
analysis	O
of	O
genetic	B-PROC
mutations	I-PROC
related	O
to	O
pathogenesis	O
and	O
epidemiology	O
from	O
47	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
isolates	O
.	O

The	O
presence	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
was	O
determined	O
by	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
and	O
confirmed	O
by	O
electron	O
microscopy	O
.	O

Genetic	B-PROC
mutations	I-PROC
with	O
potential	O
implications	O
to	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
and	O
the	O
epidemic	O
were	O
characterized	O
.	O

This	O
viral	B-ANAT
genome	I-ANAT
consists	O
of	O
29	O
,	O
728	O
nucleotides	B-CHED
with	O
overall	O
organization	O
in	O
agreement	O
with	O
that	O
of	O
published	O
isolates	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
control	O
emerging	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
like	O
SARS	B-DISO
,	O
it	O
is	O
necessary	O
to	O
resort	O
to	O
basic	O
control	O
measures	O
that	O
limit	O
exposures	O
to	O
infectious	B-DISO
individuals	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
spike	O
(	O
S	O
)	O
protein	B-CHED
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
-	O
associated	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
is	O
not	O
only	O
responsible	O
for	O
receptor	B-FUNC
binding	I-FUNC
,	O
but	O
also	O
a	O
major	O
antigenic	B-CHED
determinant	I-CHED
capable	O
of	O
inducing	O
protective	O
immunity	B-PROC
.	O

In	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
we	O
demonstrated	O
that	O
the	O
receptor	O
-	O
binding	B-FUNC
domain	O
(	O
RBD	O
)	O
of	O
S	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
is	O
an	O
important	O
immunogenic	O
site	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
SARS	B-DISO
and	O
rabbits	B-SPEC
immunized	O
with	O
inactivated	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
.	O
Serum	B-COMP
samples	O
from	O
convalescent	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
and	O
immunized	O
rabbits	B-SPEC
had	O
potent	O
neutralizing	O
activities	O
against	O
infection	B-DISO
by	O
pseudovirus	O
expressing	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
S	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
.	O

Two	O
monoclonal	O
antibodies	B-COMP
(	O
1A5	O
and	O
2C5	O
)	O
targeting	B-PROC
at	O
the	O
RBD	O
of	O
S	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
were	O
isolated	O
from	O
mice	B-SPEC
immunized	O
with	O
inactivated	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
.	O
Both	O
1A5	O
and	O
2C5	O
possessed	B-DISO
potent	O
neutralizing	O
activities	O
,	O
although	O
they	O
directed	O
against	O
distinct	O
conformation	O
-	O
dependant	O
epitopes	O
as	O
shown	O
by	O
ELISA	O
and	O
binding	B-FUNC
competition	O
assay	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
host	B-COMP
range	O
of	O
the	O
murine	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
(	O
MHV	B-SPEC
)	O
is	O
limited	O
to	O
susceptible	O
mice	B-SPEC
and	O
murine	B-SPEC
cell	B-ANAT
lines	I-ANAT
by	O
interactions	O
of	O
the	O
spike	O
glycoprotein	B-CHED
(	O
S	O
)	O
with	O
its	O
receptor	O
,	O
mCEACAM1a	O
.	O

High	O
neutralizing	O
titers	O
against	O
SARS	O
-	O
CoV	O
were	O
detected	O
with	O
two	O
mAbs	O
(	O
1A5	O
and	O
2C5	O
)	O
targeting	B-PROC
at	O
a	O
subdomain	O
of	O
S	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
(	O
aa	O
310	O
-	O
535	O
),	O
consistent	O
with	O
the	O
previous	O
report	O
that	O
this	O
segment	O
of	O
S	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
contains	O
the	O
major	O
neutralizing	O
domain	O
.	O

Most	O
prominently	O
,	O
based	O
solely	O
on	O
viral	B-COMP
genome	I-COMP
information	O
,	O
silencers	O
of	O
viral	O
genes	O
,	O
viral	O
-	O
enzyme	O
blockers	O
and	O
viral	O
-	O
entry	O
inhibitors	B-CHED
were	O
suggested	O
as	O
potential	O
therapeutic	O
agents	O
for	O
SARS	B-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Guidelines	O
issued	O
by	O
the	O
Centers	O
for	O
Disease	O
Control	O
and	O
Prevention	O
and	O
the	O
World	O
Health	O
Organisation	O
state	O
that	O
healthcare	O
workers	O
should	O
wear	O
N95	O
masks	O
or	O
higher	O
-	O
level	O
protection	O
during	O
all	O
contact	O
with	O
suspected	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
).	O

The	O
bovine	B-SPEC
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
BoCV	O
)	O
was	O
consistently	O
detected	O
in	O
all	O
herds	O
with	O
WD	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
investigate	O
the	O
efficacy	O
of	O
an	O
herbal	O
formula	O
in	O
the	O
prevention	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
transmission	O
among	O
health	O
care	O
workers	O
.	O

Improvements	O
in	O
influenza	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
like	I-DISO
symptoms	I-DISO
and	O
quality	O
of	O
life	O
measurements	O
were	O
also	O
observed	O
among	O
herbal	O
supplement	O
users	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
General	B-PROC
anesthesia	I-PROC
with	O
remifentanil	B-CHED
for	O
Cesarean	O
section	O
in	O
a	O
patient	O
with	O
HELLP	B-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

It	O
is	O
associated	O
with	O
an	O
increased	O
risk	O
of	O
adverse	O
outcome	O
for	O
both	O
the	O
mother	O
and	O
the	O
fetus	B-ANAT
.	O

Before	O
delivery	O
,	O
aggressive	B-DISO
obstetric	O
management	O
is	O
directed	O
toward	O
stabilization	O
of	O
the	O
affected	O
organ	B-ANAT
systems	I-ANAT
,	O
if	O
possible	O
,	O
and	O
interruption	O
of	O
the	O
pregnancy	O
in	O
the	O
early	O
phase	O
of	O
the	O
accelerated	O
disease	B-DISO
progression	I-DISO
.	O

SARS	B-DISO
is	O
difficult	O
to	O
recognize	O
in	O
hospitalized	O
patients	O
with	O
a	O
variety	O
of	O
underlying	O
conditions	O
in	O
the	O
absence	O
of	O
epidemiologic	O
links	O
.	O

We	O
have	O
designed	O
and	O
synthesized	O
34	O
peptide	B-CHED
substrates	O
and	O
determined	O
their	O
hydrolysis	O
activities	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Growth	B-PROC
kinetics	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
in	O
Vero	O
E6	O
cells	B-COMP
.	O

Pulmonary	B-DISO
toxicity	I-DISO
is	O
very	O
rare	O
.	O

Few	O
cases	O
of	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
following	O
G	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CSF	I-PRGE
administration	O
have	O
been	O
reported	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Use	O
of	O
the	O
COOH	O
portion	O
of	O
the	O
nucleocapsid	B-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
in	O
an	O
antigen	B-CHED
-	O
capturing	O
enzyme	O
-	O
linked	O
immunosorbent	O
assay	O
for	O
specific	O
and	O
sensitive	O
detection	O
of	O
severe	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Antibody	B-COMP
detection	O
with	O
a	O
recombinant	O
COOH	O
portion	O
of	O
the	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
nucleocapsid	B-COMP
(	O
N	O
)	O
protein	B-CHED
,	O
N13	O
(	O
amino	B-CHED
acids	I-CHED
221	O
to	O
422	O
),	O
was	O
demonstrated	O
to	O
be	O
more	O
specific	O
and	O
sensitive	O
than	O
that	O
with	O
the	O
full	O
-	O
length	O
N	O
protein	B-CHED
,	O
and	O
an	O
N13	O
-	O
based	O
antigen	B-CHED
-	O
capturing	O
enzyme	O
-	O
linked	O
immunosorbent	O
assay	O
providing	O
a	O
convenient	O
and	O
specific	O
test	O
for	O
serodiagnosis	O
and	O
epidemiological	O
study	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
was	O
developed	O
.	O

The	O
application	O
of	O
HFOV	O
was	O
mainly	O
reported	O
as	O
a	O
rescue	O
ventilatory	O
mode	O
in	O
adult	O
patients	O
with	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
who	O
were	O
thought	O
to	O
have	O
failed	O
conventional	O
ventilation	O
.	O

HFOV	O
has	O
been	O
an	O
indispensable	O
ventilation	O
modality	O
in	O
our	O
burn	O
center	O
,	O
and	O
has	O
played	O
an	O
important	O
role	O
in	O
reversing	O
oxygenation	B-PROC
failure	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
ARDS	B-DISO
and	O
in	O
facilitating	O
early	O
excision	O
and	O
closure	O
of	O
the	O
burn	O
wound	O
in	O
these	O
patients	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
We	O
have	O
now	O
used	O
HFOV	O
in	O
36	O
severely	O
burned	O
patients	O
,	O
33	O
%	O
of	O
whom	O
had	O
an	O
associated	O
smoke	O
inhalation	B-PROC
injury	O
.	O

Published	O
studies	O
evaluating	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
iNO	B-PRGE
,	O
PP	O
,	O
and	O
HFOV	O
in	O
adult	O
patients	O
with	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

It	O
is	O
important	O
to	O
recognize	O
that	O
patients	O
evolve	O
from	O
severe	O
ARDS	B-DISO
through	O
phases	O
of	O
recovery	O
to	O
the	O
resolution	O
of	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
and	O
that	O
ventilatory	O
management	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
sedative	B-CHED
and	O
related	O
medication	O
requirements	O
,	O
will	O
vary	O
markedly	O
over	O
the	O
course	O
of	O
this	O
process	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
review	O
the	O
technique	O
and	O
clinical	O
application	O
of	O
high	O
-	O
frequency	O
percussive	O
ventilation	O
in	O
critically	B-DISO
ill	I-DISO
patients	O
.	O

Patients	O
were	O
transitioned	O
from	O
standardized	O
conventional	O
ventilation	O
to	O
high	O
-	O
frequency	O
oscillatory	O
ventilation	O
beginning	O
with	O
an	O
initial	O
cycle	O
of	O
up	O
to	O
three	O
sustained	O
inflation	O
recruitment	B-DISO
maneuvers	O
(	O
40	O
cm	O
H2O	B-CHED
x	O
40	O
secs	O
),	O
followed	O
by	O
a	O
decremental	O
titration	O
of	O
Fio2	O
and	O
then	O
mean	O
airway	B-ANAT
pressure	O
.	O

A	O
median	O
of	O
seven	O
(	O
four	O
to	O
11	O
)	O
recruitment	B-DISO
maneuvers	O
was	O
performed	O
per	O
patient	O
over	O
the	O
study	O
period	O
,	O
with	O
only	O
eight	O
of	O
244	O
(	O
3	O
.	O
3	O
%)	O
being	O
aborted	O
.	O

Additionally	O
PMNL	O
diapedesis	B-PROC
and	O
interstitial	B-ANAT
lung	B-DISO
oedema	I-DISO
were	O
determined	O
by	O
histological	O
analysis	O
.	O

In	O
the	O
face	B-DISO
of	O
an	O
induced	O
lung	B-ANAT
contusion	O
,	O
reamed	O
femoral	B-ANAT
nailing	O
resulted	O
in	O
significant	O
increases	O
in	O
PMNL	O
activation	O
,	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
permeability	O
and	O
interstitial	B-ANAT
lung	B-DISO
oedema	I-DISO
,	O
compared	O
with	O
external	O
fixation	O
.	O

No	O
clinical	O
signs	O
were	O
observed	O
in	O
all	O
the	O
ferrets	B-SPEC
challenged	O
with	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
.	O
On	O
the	O
other	O
hand	O
,	O
vaccination	O
did	O
not	O
prevent	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
CoV	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
in	O
ferrets	B-SPEC
.	O

In	O
contrast	O
,	O
immunized	O
ferrets	B-SPEC
(	O
particularly	O
those	O
immunized	O
with	O
rMVA	O
-	O
spike	O
)	O
exhibited	O
significantly	O
stronger	O
inflammatory	B-DISO
responses	I-DISO
and	O
focal	B-DISO
necrosis	I-DISO
in	O
liver	B-ANAT
tissue	I-ANAT
after	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
challenge	O
than	O
control	O
animals	B-SPEC
.	O

India	O
and	O
Pakistan	O
,	O
the	O
major	O
users	O
of	O
dangerous	O
nerve	B-ANAT
tissue	I-ANAT
derived	O
Semple	O
type	O
vaccine	O
,	O
are	O
now	O
considering	O
following	O
suite	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
four	O
hospitals	O
assessed	O
in	O
this	O
study	O
use	O
active	O
surveillance	O
cultures	O
for	O
methicillin	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
resistant	I-DISO
Staphylococcus	B-SPEC
aureus	I-SPEC
(	O
MRSA	B-DISO
)	O
and	O
contact	O
precautions	O
for	O
MRSA	B-DISO
-	O
positive	O
patients	O
as	O
part	O
of	O
routine	O
infection	B-DISO
control	O
practices	O
.	O

Increased	O
attention	O
was	O
paid	O
to	O
infection	B-DISO
control	O
education	O
following	O
the	O
outbreak	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
The	O
nosocomial	O
rate	O
of	O
MRSA	B-DISO
in	O
all	O
four	O
hospitals	O
combined	O
during	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
outbreak	O
(	O
3	O
.	O
7	O
per	O
10	O
,	O
000	O
patient	O
-	O
days	O
)	O
was	O
not	O
significantly	O
different	O
from	O
that	O
before	O
(	O
4	O
.	O
7	O
per	O
10	O
,	O
000	O
patient	O
-	O
days	O
)	O
or	O
after	O
(	O
3	O
.	O
4	O
per	O
10	O
,	O
000	O
patient	O
-	O
days	O
)	O
the	O
outbreak	O
(	O
P	O
=	O
.	O
30	O
and	O
P	O
=	O
.	O
76	O
,	O
respectively	O
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
SARS	B-DISO
risk	O
perceptions	O
in	O
healthcare	O
workers	O
,	O
Japan	O
.	O

The	O
pseudotype	O
assay	O
does	O
not	O
require	O
handling	O
live	O
SARS	B-DISO
virus	O
;	O
it	O
is	O
a	O
useful	O
tool	O
to	O
determine	O
neutralizing	O
titers	O
during	O
natural	O
infection	B-DISO
and	O
the	O
preclinical	O
evaluation	O
of	O
candidate	O
vaccines	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
-	O
associated	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
was	O
isolated	O
from	O
a	O
pig	B-SPEC
during	O
a	O
survey	O
for	O
possible	O
routes	O
of	O
viral	B-PROC
transmission	I-PROC
after	O
a	O
SARS	B-DISO
epidemic	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Biochemical	O
and	O
immunological	O
studies	O
of	O
nucleocapsid	B-COMP
proteins	B-CHED
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
and	O
229E	O
human	B-SPEC
coronaviruses	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Literature	O
searches	O
were	O
conducted	O
in	O
several	O
databases	O
for	O
articles	O
published	O
in	O
the	O
last	O
15	O
years	O
that	O
related	O
to	O
infection	B-DISO
control	O
practices	O
,	O
occupational	O
health	O
and	O
safety	O
issues	O
,	O
environmental	O
factors	O
,	O
and	O
other	O
issues	O
of	O
importance	O
in	O
protecting	O
workers	O
against	O
respiratory	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
in	O
health	O
care	O
settings	O
.	O

Recent	O
studies	O
revealed	O
that	O
3a	O
could	O
interact	O
specifically	O
with	O
many	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
structural	I-PRGE
proteins	B-CHED
,	O
such	O
as	O
M	O
,	O
E	O
and	O
S	O
protein	B-CHED
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
H	O
strain	O
of	O
infectious	O
bronchitis	B-DISO
(	O
IB	B-DISO
)	O
was	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
earliest	O
live	O
attenuated	O
IB	B-DISO
vaccines	O
to	O
be	O
developed	O
and	O
has	O
continued	O
to	O
be	O
use	O
in	O
most	O
parts	O
of	O
the	O
world	O
for	O
almost	O
50	O
years	O
.	O

Ninety	O
-	O
five	O
per	O
cent	O
of	O
positive	O
control	O
birds	B-SPEC
developed	O
arthritis	B-DISO
.	O

After	O
the	O
single	O
intravenous	O
,	O
low	O
-	O
dose	O
M	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
synoviae	I-SPEC
inoculation	O
11	O
%	O
of	O
birds	B-SPEC
developed	O
joint	B-ANAT
lesions	O
,	O
whereas	O
70	O
%	O
of	O
those	O
receiving	O
the	O
second	O
inoculation	O
developed	O
lesions	O
.	O

Two	O
hatches	O
of	O
1	O
-	O
day	O
-	O
old	O
chicks	O
from	O
four	O
lines	O
were	O
mistakenly	O
vaccinated	O
for	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
using	O
a	O
moderately	O
attenuated	O
vaccine	O
designed	O
for	O
chicks	O
of	O
an	O
older	O
age	O
.	O

Sequence	O
analysis	O
of	O
a	O
793	O
/	O
B	O
field	O
isolate	O
after	O
passage	O
in	O
embryonated	O
eggs	O
,	O
then	O
in	O
chickens	B-SPEC
and	O
then	O
again	O
in	O
eggs	O
revealed	O
selection	O
for	O
a	O
serine	B-CHED
and	O
alanine	B-CHED
at	O
S1	O
amino	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
position	O
95	O
in	O
chicken	B-SPEC
-	O
passaged	O
and	O
egg	B-ANAT
-	O
passaged	O
virus	B-SPEC
,	O
respectively	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Four	O
different	O
types	O
of	O
human	O
interferon	O
,	O
interferon	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
beta	I-PRGE
(	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
beta	I-PRGE
),	O
recombinant	B-PRGE
IFN	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
alpha2a	I-PRGE
and	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
alpha2b	I-PRGE
and	O
natural	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
alpha	I-PRGE
were	O
tested	O
for	O
antiviral	B-CHED
activity	O
against	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
.	O

Four	O
""""	O
probable	O
""""	O
cases	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
were	O
studied	O
.	O

The	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
specimens	O
were	O
taken	O
on	O
day	O
7	O
after	O
symptom	B-DISO
onset	O
in	O
patient	O
1	O
,	O
day	O
11	O
in	O
patient	O
2	O
,	O
day	O
17	O
in	O
patient	O
3	O
,	O
and	O
day	O
21	O
in	O
patient	O
4	O
.	O

Few	O
CD68	B-PRGE
-	O
positive	O
syncytial	O
multinucleated	B-ANAT
giant	I-ANAT
cells	B-COMP
were	O
also	O
seen	O
in	O
the	O
specimens	O
but	O
no	O
viral	B-ANAT
inclusion	I-ANAT
body	I-ANAT
could	O
be	O
identified	O
in	O
these	O
cells	B-COMP
.	O

The	O
number	O
of	O
CD3	B-PRGE
-	O
positive	O
lymphocytes	B-ANAT
and	O
of	O
CD68	B-PRGE
-	O
positive	O
macrophages	B-ANAT
in	O
this	O
specimen	O
from	O
a	O
patient	O
in	O
the	O
fibrotic	O
phase	O
of	O
diffuse	B-DISO
alveolar	I-DISO
damage	I-DISO
(	O
DAD	B-DISO
)	O
whose	O
condition	B-DISO
deteriorated	O
was	O
less	O
than	O
in	O
the	O
specimen	O
from	O
case	O
3	O
who	O
was	O
in	O
the	O
early	O
proliferative	B-DISO
phase	O
of	O
DAD	B-DISO
and	O
eventually	O
recovered	O
.	O

The	O
number	O
of	O
CD3	B-PRGE
-	O
positive	O
lymphocytes	B-ANAT
and	O
of	O
CD68	B-PRGE
-	O
positive	O
macrophages	B-ANAT
in	O
this	O
specimen	O
from	O
a	O
patient	O
in	O
the	O
fibrotic	O
phase	O
of	O
diffuse	B-DISO
alveolar	I-DISO
damage	I-DISO
(	O
DAD	B-DISO
)	O
whose	O
condition	B-DISO
deteriorated	O
was	O
less	O
than	O
in	O
the	O
specimen	O
from	O
case	O
3	O
who	O
was	O
in	O
the	O
early	O
proliferative	B-DISO
phase	O
of	O
DAD	B-DISO
and	O
eventually	O
recovered	O
.	O

In	O
addition	O
,	O
global	O
research	O
efforts	O
have	O
focused	O
on	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
vaccines	O
against	O
SARS	B-DISO
.	O

Of	O
the	O
126	O
transcripts	O
found	O
to	O
be	O
differentially	O
expressed	B-PROC
between	O
viral	O
and	O
sham	O
infections	B-DISO
,	O
the	O
majority	O
were	O
related	O
to	O
immunological	O
responses	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Critical	O
deep	O
venous	O
thrombosis	O
and	O
occlusion	B-DISO
constitutes	O
a	O
small	O
percentage	O
of	O
patients	O
with	O
venous	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
,	O
who	O
exhibit	O
severe	O
symptomatology	O
.	O

Therapeutic	O
modalities	O
including	O
thrombolysis	O
,	O
mechanical	O
thrombectomy	O
,	O
percutaneous	O
venoplasty	O
and	O
stent	O
placement	O
,	O
temporary	O
inferior	B-ANAT
vena	I-ANAT
cava	I-ANAT
filtration	O
,	O
and	O
ultrasound	O
guidance	O
were	O
used	O
in	O
all	O
cases	O
in	O
conjunction	O
with	O
long	O
-	O
term	O
systemic	O
anticoagulation	O
.	O

Sex	O
,	O
degree	O
of	O
CSF	B-ANAT
inflammation	B-DISO
,	O
neuroanatomical	O
location	O
and	O
systemic	O
signs	O
provided	O
little	O
contributory	O
information	O
to	O
the	O
final	O
diagnosis	O
.	O

Overall	O
,	O
despite	O
extensive	O
diagnostic	O
evaluation	O
,	O
a	O
specific	O
diagnosis	O
could	O
not	O
be	O
made	O
in	O
37	O
%	O
of	O
cats	B-SPEC
.	O

Shelters	O
differed	O
in	O
the	O
prevalence	O
of	O
pathogens	O
and	O
many	O
cats	B-SPEC
appeared	O
positive	O
for	O
infection	B-DISO
after	O
about	O
1	O
week	O
of	O
sheltering	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Extravascular	O
lung	B-ANAT
water	B-CHED
in	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	B-DISO
sepsis	I-DISO
:	O
a	O
prospective	O
cohort	O
study	O
.	O

EVLW	O
correlated	O
moderately	O
with	O
the	O
severity	O
of	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
but	O
did	O
not	O
account	O
for	O
all	O
respiratory	O
derangements	O
.	O

EVLW	O
may	O
improve	O
both	O
risk	O
stratification	O
and	O
management	O
of	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	B-DISO
sepsis	I-DISO
.	O

Twenty	O
-	O
five	O
of	O
the	O
29	O
patients	O
(	O
86	O
%)	O
were	O
mechanically	O
ventilated	O
,	O
15	O
of	O
the	O
29	O
patients	O
(	O
52	O
%)	O
developed	O
ARDS	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
overall	O
28	O
-	O
day	O
mortality	O
was	O
41	O
%.	O

The	O
arterial	B-ANAT
oxygen	B-PROC
tension	B-DISO
/	O
fractional	O
inspired	B-PROC
oxygen	B-CHED
ratio	O
,	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
score	O
,	O
and	O
chest	B-ANAT
radiograph	O
scores	O
correlated	O
with	O
EVLW	O
(	O
r2	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
27	O
,	O
r2	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
18	O
,	O
and	O
r2	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
28	O
,	O
respectively	O
;	O
all	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
0001	O
).	O

An	O
indirect	O
antibody	B-COMP
ELISA	O
method	O
was	O
developed	O
and	O
clinical	O
positive	O
and	O
negative	O
sera	B-COMP
for	O
their	O
antibodies	B-COMP
against	O
GST	B-PRGE
-	O
N2	O
fusion	O
protein	B-CHED
were	O
assayed	O
.	O

The	O
remote	O
effects	O
of	O
I	O
/	O
R	O
are	O
most	O
frequently	O
observed	O
in	O
the	O
lungs	B-ANAT
and	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
damage	O
may	O
vary	O
from	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
with	O
mild	O
dysfunction	O
to	O
severe	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
or	O
the	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

Using	O
indirect	O
immunofluorescence	O
(	O
IF	O
)	O
labeling	O
,	O
all	O
mixed	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
revealed	O
dually	O
infected	O
cells	B-COMP
,	O
however	O
,	O
only	O
incidentally	O
and	O
in	O
low	O
numbers	O
.	O

Synthetic	O
21	O
-	O
23	O
nucleotide	B-CHED
(	O
nt	O
)	O
small	O
interfering	O
RNA	O
(	O
siRNA	O
)	O
with	O
2	O
nt	O
3	O
'	O
overhangs	O
was	O
recently	O
found	O
to	O
mediate	O
efficient	O
sequence	O
-	O
specific	O
mRNA	B-PROC
degradation	I-PROC
in	O
mammalian	B-SPEC
cells	B-COMP
.	O

The	O
essential	O
sequence	O
was	O
mapped	O
to	O
the	O
membrane	B-COMP
-	O
proximal	O
region	O
of	O
the	O
cytoplasmic	B-ANAT
domain	I-ANAT
,	O
which	O
is	O
also	O
known	O
to	O
be	O
of	O
critical	O
importance	O
for	O
the	O
fusion	O
function	O
of	O
the	O
S	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
.	O

The	O
deliberate	O
release	B-PATH
of	O
a	O
biological	O
agent	O
is	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
possible	O
scenarios	O
of	O
emergence	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
severe	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
3a	O
protein	B-CHED
is	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
opening	O
reading	O
frames	O
in	O
the	O
viral	B-COMP
genome	I-COMP
with	O
no	O
homologue	O
in	O
other	O
known	O
coronaviruses	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
chemokine	O
response	O
of	O
eight	O
children	O
with	O
serologically	O
confirmed	O
severe	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
was	O
longitudinally	O
monitored	O
.	O

The	O
comparison	O
of	O
the	O
genomic	O
sequence	O
of	O
different	O
strains	O
has	O
generated	O
discrepancies	O
as	O
for	O
if	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
epidemic	O
arose	O
as	O
an	O
unique	O
outbreak	O
or	O
it	O
was	O
produced	O
for	O
more	O
than	O
one	O
genotype	O
.	O

As	O
shown	O
in	O
2003	O
by	O
the	O
elucidation	O
of	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
pandemia	O
and	O
the	O
human	B-DISO
monkeypox	I-DISO
outbreak	O
in	O
US	O
,	O
EM	O
is	O
well	O
suited	O
as	O
a	O
safe	O
,	O
front	O
-	O
line	O
diagnostic	O
method	O
in	O
infectious	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
emergencies	B-DISO
and	O
/	O
or	O
in	O
possible	O
bioterrorist	O
attacks	O
.	O

Relationships	O
between	O
BCoV	O
shedding	O
and	O
age	O
group	O
,	O
seroconversion	O
and	O
clinical	O
signs	O
in	O
cattle	B-SPEC
were	O
also	O
analysed	O
.	O

Further	O
studies	O
are	O
needed	O
to	O
isolate	O
BCoV	O
strains	O
in	O
Turkey	B-SPEC
and	O
to	O
investigate	O
their	O
antigenic	O
and	O
genetic	O
properties	O
.	O

Regulated	O
on	O
activation	O
normally	O
T	B-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
-	O
expressed	B-PROC
and	O
secreted	B-PROC
(	O
RANTES	O
)	O
levels	O
were	O
decreased	O
,	O
while	O
monocyte	B-PRGE
chemoattractant	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
-	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
(	O
MCP	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
)	O
was	O
elevated	O
in	O
acute	O
patients	O
.	O

Both	O
serum	B-COMP
-	O
positive	O
rates	O
and	O
titers	O
of	O
specific	O
IgM	O
and	O
IgG	B-PRGE
antibodies	I-PRGE
responding	O
to	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
peaked	O
at	O
days	O
41	O
-	O
60	O
from	O
the	O
onset	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
.	O

By	O
combining	O
these	O
two	O
complementary	O
strategies	O
,	O
355	O
unique	O
proteins	B-CHED
were	O
identified	O
and	O
quantitated	O
with	O
186	O
of	O
them	O
differentially	O
expressed	B-PROC
(	O
at	O
least	O
1	O
.	O
5	O
-	O
fold	O
quantitative	O
alteration	O
)	O
between	O
infected	O
and	O
uninfected	O
Vero	O
E6	O
cells	B-COMP
.	O

The	O
implication	O
for	O
cellular	B-COMP
responses	O
to	O
virus	B-SPEC
infection	I-PROC
was	O
analyzed	O
in	O
depth	O
according	O
to	O
the	O
proteomic	O
results	O
.	O

The	O
data	O
collected	O
included	O
demographic	O
and	O
occupational	O
information	O
,	O
in	O
addition	O
to	O
perceptions	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
'	O
impact	O
on	O
patient	O
care	O
,	O
factors	O
contributing	O
to	O
adverse	O
impacts	O
on	O
patient	O
care	O
,	O
working	O
conditions	O
,	O
decision	O
-	O
making	O
,	O
communication	O
and	O
relations	O
,	O
sources	O
of	O
support	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
impact	O
on	O
workers	O
'	O
lives	O
outside	O
work	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Several	O
coronaviruses	O
establish	O
persistent	O
infections	O
in	O
vitro	O
and	O
in	O
vivo	O
,	O
however	O
it	O
is	O
unknown	O
whether	O
persistence	O
is	O
a	O
feature	O
of	O
the	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
life	O
cycle	O
.	O

Changes	O
in	O
viral	O
genomic	O
sequences	O
during	O
persistent	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
were	O
examined	O
by	O
DNA	O
sequencing	O
.	O

Cytopathic	B-DISO
effect	I-DISO
was	O
extensive	O
after	O
initial	O
inoculation	O
but	O
diminished	O
with	O
serial	O
passages	O
.	O

Persistence	O
is	O
associated	O
with	O
selected	O
mutations	O
in	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
genome	O
.	O

The	O
tagged	O
C145A	B-PRGE
mutant	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
served	O
as	O
a	O
substrate	O
for	O
the	O
wild	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
type	I-PRGE
protease	I-PRGE
,	O
and	O
the	O
N	O
terminus	O
was	O
first	O
digested	O
(	O
55	O
-	O
fold	O
faster	O
)	O
at	O
the	O
Gln	B-CHED
(-	O
1	O
)-	O
Ser1	O
site	O
followed	O
by	O
the	O
C	O
-	O
terminal	O
cleavage	B-PROC
at	O
the	O
Gln306	O
-	O
Gly307	O
site	O
.	O

All	O
three	O
S	O
proteins	B-CHED
bound	O
to	O
and	O
utilized	O
palm	B-ANAT
-	O
civet	B-SPEC
ACE2	O
efficiently	O
,	O
but	O
the	O
latter	O
two	O
S	O
proteins	B-CHED
utilized	O
human	B-PRGE
ACE2	I-PRGE
markedly	O
less	O
efficiently	O
than	O
did	O
the	O
S	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
obtained	O
during	O
the	O
earlier	O
human	B-SPEC
outbreak	O
.	O

The	O
lower	O
affinity	O
of	O
these	O
S	O
proteins	B-CHED
could	O
be	O
complemented	O
by	O
altering	O
specific	O
residues	O
within	O
the	O
S	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
binding	B-FUNC
site	I-PRGE
of	O
human	B-PRGE
ACE2	I-PRGE
to	O
those	O
of	O
civet	B-SPEC
ACE2	O
,	O
or	O
by	O
altering	O
S	O
-	O
protein	B-CHED
residues	O
479	O
and	O
487	O
to	O
residues	O
conserved	O
during	O
the	O
2002	O
-	O
2003	O
outbreak	O
.	O

Collectively	O
,	O
these	O
data	O
describe	O
molecular	O
interactions	O
important	O
to	O
the	O
adaptation	O
of	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
to	O
human	B-SPEC
cells	B-COMP
,	O
and	O
provide	O
insight	O
into	O
the	O
severity	O
of	O
the	O
2002	O
-	O
2003	O
SARS	B-DISO
epidemic	O
.	O

Routine	O
laboratory	O
tests	O
,	O
including	O
determination	O
of	O
absolute	O
lymphocyte	B-ANAT
count	O
,	O
should	O
not	O
be	O
used	O
in	O
the	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
or	O
incorporated	O
into	O
current	O
case	O
definitions	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
recombinant	B-PRGE
nucleocapsid	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
(	O
rNP	B-COMP
)	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
was	O
expressed	B-PROC
in	O
a	O
baculovirus	B-SPEC
system	O
.	O

Two	O
-	O
hundred	O
and	O
seventy	O
-	O
six	O
serum	B-COMP
samples	O
were	O
collected	O
from	O
health	O
care	O
workers	O
in	O
a	O
hospital	O
in	O
which	O
a	O
nosocomial	O
SARS	B-DISO
outbreak	O
took	O
place	O
and	O
used	O
for	O
evaluation	O
.	O

By	O
contrast	O
,	O
bystander	O
CD8	B-PRGE
+	I-PRGE
T	B-ANAT
-	I-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
numbers	O
declined	O
to	O
background	O
numbers	O
following	O
control	O
of	O
CNS	B-CHED
virus	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
.	O

The	O
results	O
show	O
that	O
participants	O
in	O
both	O
samples	O
had	O
equal	O
,	O
if	O
not	O
more	O
,	O
concern	O
about	O
infecting	O
others	O
(	O
especially	O
family	B-SPEC
members	O
)	O
than	O
being	O
self	O
-	O
infected	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Genosensor	O
on	O
gold	B-CHED
films	O
with	O
enzymatic	O
electrochemical	O
detection	O
of	O
a	O
SARS	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
sequence	O
.	O

A	O
complementary	O
strand	O
(	O
probe	O
),	O
labelled	O
with	O
a	O
thiol	B-CHED
group	I-CHED
at	O
the	O
3	O
'-	O
end	O
,	O
was	O
immobilised	O
on	O
the	O
film	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Development	B-PROC
and	O
evaluation	O
of	O
an	O
enzyme	O
-	O
linked	O
immunosorbent	O
assay	O
for	O
detection	O
of	O
antibodies	B-COMP
against	O
the	O
spike	O
protein	B-CHED
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
.	O

The	O
S450	O
-	O
650	O
-	O
based	O
ELISA	O
detected	O
IgG	B-PRGE
Abs	I-PRGE
in	O
41	O
out	O
of	O
51	O
serum	B-COMP
samples	O
from	O
22	O
hospitalized	O
patients	O
with	O
probable	O
SARS	B-DISO
,	O
a	O
result	O
closely	O
correlated	O
with	O
that	O
obtained	O
with	O
a	O
virus	B-SPEC
-	O
based	O
ELISA	O
(	O
r	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
75	O
,	O
k	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
8	O
).	O

The	O
S450	O
-	O
650	O
-	O
based	O
ELISA	O
can	O
detect	O
anti	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
S	I-PRGE
IgG	I-PRGE
Abs	I-PRGE
with	O
high	O
sensitivity	O
and	O
specificity	O
.	O

Paired	O
serum	B-ANAT
samples	O
were	O
assayed	O
for	O
increasing	O
titer	O
against	O
SARS	B-DISO
CoV	O
.	O
In	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
epidemic	O
,	O
Artus	O
and	O
Roche	O
PCR	O
assays	O
exhibited	O
sensitivities	O
of	O
87	O
%	O
and	O
85	O
%	O
for	O
respiratory	O
specimens	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
64	O
),	O
91	O
%	O
and	O
88	O
%	O
for	O
stool	B-ANAT
(	O
n	O
=	O
44	O
),	O
and	O
82	O
%	O
for	O
urine	B-ANAT
(	O
n	O
=	O
29	O
).	O

For	O
post	O
-	O
epidemic	O
period	O
,	O
no	O
SARS	B-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
was	O
identified	O
among	O
56	O
respiratory	O
specimens	O
by	O
all	O
PCR	O
assays	O
.	O

Inhibitors	B-CHED
to	O
PCR	O
assays	O
were	O
detected	O
at	O
an	O
average	O
rate	O
of	O
7	O
-	O
8	O
%	O
among	O
202	O
clinical	O
specimens	O
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
This	O
study	O
highlights	O
the	O
high	O
throughput	O
and	O
performance	O
of	O
automatic	O
RNA	O
extraction	O
in	O
coordination	B-PROC
with	O
standardized	O
real	O
-	O
time	O
PCR	O
assays	O
suitable	O
for	O
large	O
-	O
scale	O
routine	O
diagnosis	O
in	O
case	O
of	O
future	O
SARS	B-DISO
epidemic	O
.	O

Suppose	O
a	O
sub	O
-	O
sequence	O
is	O
denoted	O
as	O
P2	O
-	O
P1	O
-	O
P1	O
'-	O
P2	O
',	O
the	O
conventional	O
inductive	O
programming	O
method	O
may	O
result	O
in	O
a	O
rule	O
like	O
'	O
if	O
P1	O
=	O
Q	O
,	O
then	O
the	O
sub	O
-	O
sequence	O
is	O
cleaved	B-ANAT
,	O
otherwise	O
non	O
-	O
cleaved	B-ANAT
'.	O

Fever	B-PROC
was	O
the	O
most	O
common	O
presenting	O
symptom	B-DISO
(	O
91	O
.	O
6	O
percent	O
),	O
and	O
gastrointestinal	B-DISO
symptoms	I-DISO
were	O
the	O
least	O
(	O
6	O
.	O
9	O
percent	O
).	O

Surveillance	O
data	O
on	O
medical	O
sick	O
leave	O
of	O
staff	O
,	O
all	O
inpatient	O
fevers	B-PROC
,	O
all	O
febrile	B-PROC
(	O
temperature	O
greater	O
than	O
or	O
equal	O
to	O
38	O
degrees	O
Celsius	O
)	O
inpatient	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
,	O
including	O
atypical	B-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
,	O
and	O
deaths	B-PROC
from	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
were	O
collected	O
from	O
sick	O
leave	O
reports	O
,	O
ward	O
reports	O
,	O
isolation	O
room	O
rounds	O
and	O
mortuary	O
reports	O
from	O
1	O
to	O
28	O
September	O
2003	O
.	O

Of	O
27	O
cases	O
with	O
fever	B-PROC
,	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
and	O
a	O
total	O
white	O
count	O
of	O
less	O
than	O
10	O
,	O
000	O
cells	B-COMP
per	O
cubic	O
mm	O
as	O
per	O
Ministry	O
of	O
Health	O
,	O
Singapore	O
criteria	O
for	O
the	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
atypical	B-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
,	O
only	O
five	O
were	O
identified	O
by	O
clinicians	O
.	O

To	O
determine	O
the	O
in	O
vivo	O
role	O
of	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
2	I-FUNC
during	O
CNS	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
,	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
2	I-FUNC
signaling	B-PROC
was	O
inhibited	O
via	O
administration	O
of	O
a	O
neutralizing	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
2	I-FUNC
-	O
specific	O
monoclonal	B-PRGE
antibody	I-PRGE
(	O
mAb	O
).	O

In	O
contrast	O
to	O
depletion	O
of	O
CD4	B-PRGE
(+)	O
T	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
,	O
inhibition	B-PROC
of	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
2	I-FUNC
signaling	B-PROC
did	O
not	O
influence	O
CD8	B-PRGE
(+)	O
T	B-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
infiltration	B-DISO
,	O
effector	B-ANAT
cell	B-COMP
function	O
or	O
survival	O
within	O
the	O
CNS	B-CHED
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Veno	O
-	O
venous	B-ANAT
extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenation	B-PROC
(	O
ECMO	O
)	O
is	O
an	O
established	O
therapy	O
for	O
the	O
treatment	O
of	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
.	O

Control	O
of	O
infectious	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
is	O
being	O
challenged	O
by	O
many	O
factors	O
,	O
like	O
standards	O
of	O
living	O
,	O
human	B-SPEC
behaviour	B-PROC
,	O
mass	O
population	O
movements	B-PROC
,	O
emergence	O
of	O
infectious	B-DISO
like	O
HIV	B-DISO
/	I-DISO
AIDS	I-DISO
and	O
SARS	B-DISO
,	O
the	O
re	O
-	O
emergence	O
of	O
infections	B-DISO
such	O
as	O
tuberculosis	B-PATH
,	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
resistance	B-PROC
in	O
bacteria	B-SPEC
,	O
viruses	B-SPEC
and	O
parasites	O
,	O
modern	O
rate	O
of	O
global	O
travel	O
,	O
etc	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
explore	O
in	O
depth	O
the	O
experiences	O
of	O
nurses	O
'	O
caring	O
for	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
in	O
Hong	O
Kong	O
.	O

The	O
findings	O
of	O
this	O
study	O
indicate	O
that	O
extensive	O
and	O
ongoing	O
support	O
is	O
needed	O
to	O
prepare	O
and	O
enable	O
nurses	O
to	O
care	O
for	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
during	O
a	O
crisis	O
and	O
make	O
it	O
easier	O
for	O
nurses	O
to	O
deal	O
with	O
the	O
various	O
uncertainties	O
.	O

Two	O
polymerase	O
chain	O
reaction	O
(	O
PCR	O
)-	O
positive	O
air	B-CHED
samples	O
were	O
obtained	O
from	O
a	O
room	O
occupied	O
by	O
a	O
patient	O
with	O
SARS	B-DISO
,	O
indicating	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
in	O
the	O
air	B-CHED
of	O
the	O
room	O
.	O

In	O
addition	O
,	O
several	O
PCR	O
-	O
positive	O
swab	O
samples	O
were	O
recovered	O
from	O
frequently	O
touched	O
surfaces	O
in	O
rooms	O
occupied	O
by	O
patients	O
with	O
SARS	B-DISO
(	O
a	O
bed	B-DISO
table	O
and	O
a	O
television	O
remote	O
control	O
)	O
and	O
in	O
a	O
nurses	O
'	O
station	O
used	O
by	O
staff	O
(	O
a	O
medication	O
refrigerator	O
door	O
).	O

Here	O
we	O
describe	O
a	O
new	O
phylogenetic	O
analytical	O
method	O
to	O
study	O
the	O
sources	O
and	O
dissemination	O
paths	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
associated	I-DISO
coronavirus	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
infections	B-DISO
in	O
Taiwan	O
.	O

Subsequently	O
,	O
this	O
new	O
tool	O
was	O
applied	O
to	O
provide	O
a	O
better	O
understanding	O
of	O
the	O
entire	O
complement	O
of	O
Taiwanese	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
isolates	O
,	O
including	O
20	O
previously	O
published	O
and	O
19	O
identified	O
in	O
this	O
study	O
.	O

The	O
outbreaks	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
in	O
Taiwan	O
originated	O
from	O
multiple	O
sources	O
.	O

Those	O
with	O
elevated	O
ALT	B-FUNC
were	O
compared	O
with	O
those	O
with	O
normal	O
liver	B-PROC
functions	I-PROC
for	O
clinical	O
outcome	O
.	O

Adverse	O
outcomes	O
were	O
defined	O
as	O
oxygen	B-CHED
desaturation	O
,	O
need	O
of	O
intensive	O
care	O
unit	O
(	O
ICU	O
)	O
and	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
and	O
death	B-PROC
.	O

Our	O
data	O
suggest	O
that	O
we	O
have	O
identified	O
peptides	B-CHED
derived	O
from	O
the	O
S	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
of	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
,	O
which	O
are	O
useful	O
for	O
SARS	B-DISO
treatment	O
and	O
diagnosis	O
.	O

We	O
sequenced	O
the	O
genomes	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
from	O
3	O
clinical	O
specimens	O
obtained	O
in	O
Taiwan	O
.	O

Of	O
these	O
17	O
sequenced	O
variants	O
,	O
two	O
loci	O
(	O
positions	O
26203	O
and	O
27812	O
)	O
were	O
segregated	O
together	O
as	O
a	O
specific	O
genotype	O
-	O
T	O
:	O
T	O
or	O
C	O
:	O
C	O
.	O
Phylogenetic	O
analysis	O
showed	O
two	O
major	O
clusters	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
in	O
Taiwan	O
.	O

This	O
article	O
describes	O
one	O
community	O
hospital	O
'	O
s	O
response	O
to	O
the	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
crisis	O
and	O
the	O
important	O
,	O
although	O
initially	O
overlooked	O
,	O
role	O
of	O
staff	O
development	B-PROC
in	O
keeping	O
SARS	B-DISO
out	O
of	O
this	O
Ontario	O
hospital	O
.	O

Although	O
the	O
perceived	O
threats	O
of	O
new	O
infections	B-DISO
such	O
as	O
SARS	B-DISO
,	O
new	B-DISO
variant	I-DISO
Creutzfeldt	I-DISO
-	I-DISO
Jakob	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
and	O
anthrax	B-DISO
are	O
real	O
,	O
these	O
outbreaks	O
have	O
caused	O
less	O
than	O
1	O
,	O
000	O
deaths	B-PROC
globally	O
,	O
a	O
death	B-PROC
toll	O
AIDS	O
and	O
tuberculosis	B-PATH
exact	O
every	O
2	O
h	O
.	O
In	O
2003	O
,	O
40	O
million	O
people	O
were	O
infected	O
with	O
HIV	B-DISO
,	O
2	O
billion	O
with	O
M	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
tuberculosis	I-SPEC
,	O
and	O
15	O
million	O
with	O
both	O
.	O

We	O
report	O
our	O
experience	O
in	O
treating	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
.	O

There	O
was	O
no	O
recurrence	B-DISO
of	O
WS	O
.	O

In	O
children	O
with	O
normal	O
development	B-PROC
and	O
regular	O
school	O
performance	O
an	O
idiopathic	O
etiology	O
can	O
be	O
presumed	O
.	O

The	O
outcome	O
of	O
these	O
children	O
is	O
determined	O
by	O
the	O
brain	B-ANAT
damage	O
other	O
than	O
by	O
epilepsy	B-DISO
itself	O
.	O

Regarding	O
the	O
treatment	O
with	O
synthetic	O
ACTH	B-PRGE
or	O
vigabatrin	B-CHED
,	O
the	O
control	O
of	O
WS	O
was	O
the	O
same	O
for	O
cryptogenic	O
and	O
symptomatic	O
forms	O
,	O
one	O
drug	O
may	O
be	O
effective	O
if	O
the	O
other	O
drug	O
fails	O
.	O

Vigabatrin	B-CHED
can	O
be	O
suggested	O
as	O
the	O
first	O
drug	O
for	O
WS	O
;	O
if	O
spasms	B-DISO
persist	O
after	O
15	O
days	O
with	O
a	O
dose	O
of	O
150	O
mg	O
/	O
kg	O
,	O
synthetic	O
ACTH	B-PRGE
should	O
be	O
considered	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Severe	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
is	O
a	O
newly	O
emerged	O
infection	B-DISO
that	O
is	O
caused	O
by	O
a	O
previously	O
unrecognized	O
virus	B-SPEC
-	O
a	O
novel	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
designated	O
as	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
associated	I-DISO
coronavirus	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
).	O

Transmission	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
is	O
facilitated	O
by	O
close	O
contact	O
with	O
patients	O
with	O
symptomatic	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
majority	O
of	O
cases	O
have	O
been	O
reported	O
among	O
healthcare	O
providers	O
and	O
family	B-SPEC
members	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
.	O

We	O
found	O
that	O
,	O
surprisingly	O
,	O
militaristic	O
language	O
was	O
largely	O
absent	O
,	O
as	O
was	O
the	O
judgemental	O
discourse	O
of	O
plague	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Acute	B-DISO
coronary	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
or	O
perimyocarditis	O
?--	O
case	O
report	O
].	O

The	O
need	O
for	O
isolation	O
units	O
became	O
acute	O
when	O
many	O
countries	O
prepared	O
themselves	O
for	O
a	O
possible	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
outbreak	O
in	O
Europe	O
.	O

On	O
clinical	O
and	O
epidemiological	O
grounds	O
the	O
outbreaks	O
were	O
first	O
thought	O
to	O
be	O
caused	O
by	O
influenza	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
.	O

Common	O
clinical	O
manifestations	O
were	O
cough	B-DISO
(	O
74	O
%),	O
rhinorrhoea	B-DISO
(	O
59	O
%)	O
and	O
sore	B-DISO
throat	I-DISO
(	O
53	O
%).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Critical	B-DISO
illness	I-DISO
polyneuropathy	I-DISO
and	O
myopathy	B-DISO
in	O
patients	O
with	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

Hyperplastic	B-DISO
,	O
well	O
-	O
differentiated	B-PROC
bile	B-ANAT
ductules	O
were	O
seen	O
on	O
liver	B-ANAT
biopsy	O
in	O
the	O
absence	O
of	O
any	O
identifiable	O
biliary	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
.	O

Polymerase	O
chain	O
reaction	O
is	O
a	O
rapid	O
and	O
sensitive	O
method	O
for	O
the	O
detection	O
of	O
Chlamydia	B-SPEC
pneumoniae	I-SPEC
and	O
Mycoplasma	B-SPEC
pneumoniae	I-SPEC
,	O
which	O
have	O
gained	O
greater	O
importance	O
in	O
recent	O
years	O
.	O

In	O
addition	O
to	O
the	O
lung	B-ANAT
,	O
positive	O
viral	O
staining	O
was	O
also	O
found	O
in	O
the	O
mucosal	B-ANAT
epithelium	B-ANAT
of	O
the	O
large	B-ANAT
intestine	I-ANAT
in	O
another	O
patient	O
who	O
had	O
the	O
clinical	O
symptom	B-DISO
of	O
diarrhea	B-DISO
.	O

No	O
evidence	O
of	O
viral	O
staining	O
was	O
found	O
in	O
other	O
organs	B-ANAT
including	O
kidney	B-ANAT
,	O
liver	B-ANAT
,	O
lymph	B-ANAT
node	I-ANAT
and	O
spleen	B-ANAT
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Positive	O
viral	O
staining	O
was	O
only	O
found	O
in	O
the	O
lung	B-ANAT
tissue	I-ANAT
taken	O
from	O
the	O
patients	O
who	O
died	B-PROC
in	O
the	O
early	O
stage	O
of	O
the	O
disease	O
,	O
usually	O
less	O
than	O
10	O
days	O
after	O
symptom	B-DISO
onset	O
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
PCT	B-DISO
inactivates	O
a	O
broad	O
spectrum	O
of	O
pathogenic	O
,	O
blood	B-ANAT
-	O
borne	O
viruses	B-SPEC
.	O

There	O
is	O
no	O
significant	O
difference	O
in	O
the	O
genotypic	O
distributions	O
and	O
the	O
allelic	O
frequencies	O
of	O
the	O
ACE	B-PRGE
I	I-PRGE
/	I-PRGE
D	I-PRGE
polymorphism	B-PROC
between	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
and	O
the	O
healthy	O
control	O
subjects	O
.	O

In	O
multivariate	O
logistic	O
analysis	O
,	O
age	O
is	O
the	O
only	O
factor	O
associated	O
with	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
while	O
age	O
and	O
male	O
sex	O
are	O
independent	O
factors	O
associated	O
with	O
the	O
requirement	O
of	O
intensive	O
care	O
.	O

METHODS	O
:	O
One	O
hundred	O
and	O
forty	O
genetically	O
unrelated	O
Chinese	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
and	O
326	O
healthy	O
volunteers	O
were	O
recruited	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Identification	O
of	O
murine	B-SPEC
CD8	B-PRGE
T	I-PRGE
cell	I-PRGE
epitopes	I-PRGE
in	O
codon	O
-	O
optimized	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
associated	I-DISO
coronavirus	I-DISO
spike	O
protein	O
.	O

The	O
spike	O
protein	B-CHED
,	O
a	O
main	O
surface	O
antigen	B-CHED
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
,	O
is	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
most	O
important	O
antigen	B-CHED
candidates	O
for	O
vaccine	O
design	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Temporal	O
-	O
spatial	O
analysis	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
among	O
hospital	O
inpatients	O
.	O

Essential	O
risk	O
factors	O
for	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
candidosis	B-DISO
are	O
the	O
expanded	O
use	O
of	O
antibiotics	B-CHED
and	O
immunocompromised	O
patients	O
,	O
caused	O
either	O
as	O
a	O
result	O
of	O
a	O
severe	O
underlying	O
disease	O
or	O
iatrogenically	O
induced	O
after	O
organ	B-ANAT
transplantation	O
.	O

Blood	B-ANAT
cultures	O
are	O
only	O
positive	O
in	O
massive	O
fungemia	B-DISO
.	O

A	O
recurrent	O
Candida	B-SPEC
septicemia	B-DISO
with	O
prolonged	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
and	O
severe	O
liver	B-DISO
dysfunction	I-DISO
in	O
form	O
of	O
cholestatic	O
hepatosis	B-DISO
,	O
that	O
improved	O
several	O
times	O
with	O
antimycotic	O
therapy	O
in	O
combination	O
with	O
evidence	O
based	O
intensive	O
care	O
measures	O
and	O
artificial	O
organ	B-ANAT
support	O
is	O
a	O
comparatively	O
rare	O
event	O
.	O

We	O
report	O
about	O
two	O
cases	O
of	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
zygomycosis	B-DISO
,	O
caused	O
by	O
Rhizopus	B-SPEC
spp	B-ENZY
.:	O
patient	O
1	O
,	O
female	O
73	O
years	O
old	O
:	O
Delayed	O
clinical	O
course	O
according	O
to	O
hip	B-ANAT
arthroplasty	O
infection	B-DISO
and	O
infection	B-DISO
of	O
a	O
femoropopliteal	O
bypass	O
of	O
the	O
right	O
leg	O
,	O
eventually	O
exarticulation	O
of	O
the	O
right	B-ANAT
hip	I-ANAT
joint	I-ANAT
,	O
Pseudomonas	B-SPEC
pneumonia	B-DISO
,	O
severe	B-DISO
sepsis	I-DISO
caused	O
by	O
staphylococci	O
,	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDs	B-DISO
),	O
acute	B-DISO
renal	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
and	O
multiple	O
use	O
of	O
antibiotics	B-CHED
.	O

Patient	O
2	O
,	O
male	O
68	O
years	O
old	O
:	O
transplantation	O
of	O
kidney	B-ANAT
in	O
past	O
medical	O
history	O
,	O
presenting	O
with	O
acute	B-DISO
renal	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
and	O
with	O
quite	O
a	O
few	O
infections	B-DISO
before	O
.	O

In	O
the	O
sequel	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
abscessing	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
on	O
the	O
right	O
side	O
with	O
a	O
pleural	B-DISO
empyema	I-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Anaesthesia	B-DISO
and	O
prostate	B-ANAT
surgery	O
].	O

Whether	O
open	O
transvesical	B-ANAT
or	O
transurethral	O
prostatectomy	O
for	O
treatment	O
of	O
benign	O
hypertrophy	B-DISO
depends	O
on	O
the	O
size	O
of	O
the	O
gland	B-ANAT
:	O
transurethral	O
resection	O
is	O
safe	O
up	O
to	O
80	O
g	O
.	O
Intrathecal	B-ANAT
anaesthesia	B-DISO
with	O
a	O
T9	O
cephalad	O
spread	O
of	O
sensory	O
block	O
,	O
produces	O
adequate	O
conditions	O
for	O
transurethral	O
prostatectomy	O
and	O
allows	O
a	O
rapid	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
irrigating	O
fluid	O
absorption	O
syndrome	B-DISO
.	O

In	O
spite	O
of	O
recommended	O
preoperative	O
antibiotic	B-CHED
prophylaxis	O
,	O
bacteriemias	O
are	O
frequent	O
during	O
transurethral	O
prostate	B-ANAT
resection	O
.	O

Sequence	O
analysis	O
of	O
the	O
leader	O
-	O
body	B-ANAT
fusion	O
sites	O
of	O
each	O
sgRNA	O
showed	O
that	O
the	O
junction	O
sequences	O
and	O
the	O
corresponding	O
transcription	B-PROC
-	O
regulatory	O
sequence	O
(	O
TRS	B-DISO
)	O
are	O
unique	O
for	O
each	O
species	B-SPEC
of	O
sgRNA	O
and	O
are	O
consistent	O
after	O
virus	B-SPEC
passages	O
.	O

Coexistence	O
of	O
both	O
plus	O
and	O
minus	O
strands	O
of	O
SARS	B-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
sgRNAs	I-PRGE
and	O
evidence	O
for	O
derivation	O
of	O
the	O
sgRNA	O
core	O
sequence	O
from	O
the	O
body	B-ANAT
core	O
sequence	O
favor	O
the	O
model	O
of	O
discontinuous	O
transcription	B-PROC
during	O
minus	O
-	O
strand	O
synthesis	B-PROC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Aged	O
BALB	O
/	O
c	O
mice	B-SPEC
as	O
a	O
model	O
for	O
increased	O
severity	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
in	O
elderly	O
humans	O
.	O

Over	O
the	O
past	O
decade	O
,	O
the	O
global	O
effort	B-PROC
to	O
identify	O
and	O
characterize	O
infectious	B-DISO
agents	O
,	O
decipher	O
the	O
underlying	O
pathways	B-PROC
by	O
which	O
they	O
cause	O
disease	O
,	O
and	O
develop	O
preventive	O
measures	O
and	O
treatments	O
for	O
many	O
of	O
the	O
world	O
'	O
s	O
most	O
dangerous	O
pathogens	O
has	O
resulted	O
in	O
considerable	O
progress	O
.	O

A	O
recombinant	O
named	O
pPROEX	O
HTc	O
-	O
hp	O
was	O
constructed	O
via	O
inserting	O
ORF7	O
gene	O
into	O
prokaryotic	O
expression	B-PROC
vector	O
pPROEX	O
HTc	O
.	O

The	O
recombinant	O
was	O
sequenced	O
and	O
compared	O
the	O
DNA	O
and	O
its	O
deduced	O
amino	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
(	O
aa	O
)	O
sequences	O
with	O
that	O
of	O
some	O
reference	O
strains	O
after	O
restriction	O
endonuclease	O
and	O
PCR	O
analysis	O
.	O

The	O
sequences	O
of	O
hp	O
gene	O
and	O
Hp	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
share	O
89	O
%-	O
97	O
%	O
and	O
87	O
%-	O
96	O
%	O
homologous	O
identities	O
compared	O
with	O
11	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
reference	O
strains	O
derived	O
from	O
other	O
regions	O
or	O
countries	O
respectively	O
,	O
which	O
revealed	O
that	O
there	O
are	O
significant	O
variation	O
within	O
-	O
strains	O
,	O
even	O
though	O
the	O
ORF7	O
region	O
is	O
relatively	O
conservative	O
.	O

Anesthesia	B-DISO
was	O
applied	O
with	O
ketamine	B-CHED
(	O
50	O
mg	O
kg	O
(-	O
1	O
)	O
h	O
(-	O
1	O
),	O
i	O
.	O
m	O
.)	O
and	O
tracheostomy	O
was	O
performed	O
.	O

dexamethasone	B-CHED
.	O

MDA	B-CHED
levels	O
of	O
the	O
plasma	B-ANAT
,	O
neutrophil	B-ANAT
and	O
platelet	B-ANAT
counts	O
,	O
and	O
arterial	B-ANAT
blood	I-ANAT
gases	O
were	O
recorded	O
at	O
the	O
beginning	O
of	O
the	O
study	O
and	O
then	O
at	O
two	O
and	O
five	O
hours	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Critical	O
assessment	O
of	O
important	O
regions	O
in	O
the	O
subunit	O
association	O
and	O
catalytic	O
action	O
of	O
the	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
main	O
protease	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
the	O
amino	B-PRGE
acids	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
4	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
truncated	I-PRGE
protease	I-PRGE
showed	O
the	O
major	O
form	O
to	O
be	O
a	O
monomer	O
and	O
had	O
little	O
enzyme	B-FUNC
activity	I-FUNC
.	O

As	O
early	O
as	O
30	O
min	O
post	O
-	O
entry	O
into	O
the	O
endoplasmic	B-COMP
reticulum	I-COMP
,	O
high	O
-	O
mannosylated	O
S	O
assembles	O
into	O
trimers	O
prior	O
to	O
acquisition	O
of	O
complex	O
N	B-CHED
-	I-CHED
glycans	I-CHED
in	O
the	O
Golgi	B-COMP
.	O

A	O
single	O
inoculation	O
with	O
the	O
RV	O
-	O
based	O
vaccine	O
expressing	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
S	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
induced	O
a	O
strong	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
neutralizing	I-PRGE
antibody	B-FUNC
response	I-PROC
.	O

Now	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
story	O
has	O
entered	O
a	O
new	O
phase	O
,	O
a	O
search	O
for	O
preventive	O
strategies	O
and	O
a	O
cure	O
for	O
the	O
disease	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Multiple	B-DISO
sclerosis	I-DISO
(	O
MS	O
)	O
is	O
an	O
autoimmune	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
associated	O
with	O
environmental	O
factors	O
,	O
possibly	O
including	O
several	O
viruses	B-SPEC
such	O
as	O
the	O
coronaviruses	O
.	O

Intracerebral	O
infection	B-DISO
of	O
C57BL	O
/	O
6	O
mice	B-SPEC
with	O
MHV	B-SPEC
-	O
A59	O
revealed	O
that	O
viral	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
was	O
efficient	O
and	O
that	O
clearance	O
of	O
infectious	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
occurred	O
as	O
soon	O
as	O
7	O
days	O
post	O
-	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

Concordingly	O
,	O
an	O
important	O
activation	O
of	O
auto	O
-	O
reactive	O
T	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
specific	O
to	O
myelin	B-PRGE
basic	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
was	O
demonstrated	O
.	O

The	O
primary	O
determinant	O
of	O
the	O
pantropism	O
is	O
the	O
enhanced	O
proteolytic	B-PROC
cleavability	O
of	O
the	O
fusion	O
(	O
F	O
)	O
protein	B-CHED
of	O
F1	O
-	O
R	O
,	O
which	O
allows	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
to	O
undergo	O
multiple	O
rounds	O
of	O
replication	O
in	O
many	O
different	O
organs	B-ANAT
,	O
whereas	O
wild	O
-	O
type	O
virus	B-SPEC
can	O
only	O
undergo	O
multiple	O
rounds	O
of	O
replication	O
in	O
the	O
lungs	B-ANAT
.	O

The	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
nucleocapsid	B-COMP
protein	B-CHED
(	O
N	O
),	O
three	O
N	O
fragments	O
(	O
N1	O
,	O
N2	O
,	O
and	O
N3	O
)	O
and	O
the	O
intraviral	O
domain	O
of	O
the	O
membrane	B-COMP
protein	B-CHED
(	O
M2	O
)	O
were	O
cloned	O
and	O
expressed	B-PROC
in	O
Escherichia	B-SPEC
coli	I-SPEC
as	O
histidine	B-CHED
-	O
tagged	O
proteins	B-CHED
.	O

Both	O
female	O
sex	O
and	O
being	O
a	O
resident	O
of	O
Amoy	O
Gardens	O
Estate	O
were	O
associated	O
with	O
diarrhea	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
CXR	O
scores	O
during	O
the	O
peak	O
of	O
diarrhea	B-DISO
were	O
not	O
correlated	O
with	O
the	O
maximum	O
frequency	O
of	O
diarrhea	B-DISO
(	O
r	O
=	O
-	O
0	O
.	O
09	O
,	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
5	O
).	O

Fever	B-PROC
(>	O
38	O
degrees	O
C	O
)	O
was	O
the	O
earliest	O
symptom	B-DISO
(	O
50	O
/	O
53	O
SARS	B-DISO
vs	O
.	O
5	O
/	O
31	O
non	O
-	O
SARS	B-DISO
,	O
p	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
0001	O
),	O
preceding	O
cough	B-DISO
by	O
a	O
mean	O
of	O
4	O
.	O
5	O
days	O
.	O

Initial	O
lymphopenia	O
,	O
thrombocytopenia	O
,	O
and	O
elevated	O
lactate	B-PRGE
dehydrogenase	I-PRGE
were	O
all	O
more	O
common	O
in	O
SARS	B-DISO
than	O
non	O
-	O
SARS	B-DISO
(	O
p	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
0001	O
).	O

Western	O
blot	O
assay	O
further	O
demonstrated	O
the	O
specificity	O
of	O
the	O
induced	O
serum	B-COMP
antibodies	B-COMP
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
We	O
studied	O
the	O
adjuvanticity	B-PROC
of	O
recombinant	B-PRGE
Onchocerca	I-PRGE
volvulus	I-PRGE
activation	I-PRGE
associated	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
-	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
(	O
rOv	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
ASP	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
)	O
for	O
ovalbumin	B-PRGE
(	O
OVA	B-PRGE
)	O
in	O
mice	B-SPEC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Mannose	B-CHED
-	I-PRGE
binding	B-FUNC
lectin	I-PRGE
in	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
.	O

Mannose	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
binding	B-FUNC
lectin	I-PRGE
(	O
MBL	B-PRGE
),	O
a	O
key	O
molecule	O
in	O
innate	B-PROC
immunity	I-PROC
,	O
functions	O
as	O
an	O
ante	O
-	O
antibody	B-COMP
before	O
the	O
specific	O
antibody	B-PROC
response	I-PROC
.	O

Inhibition	B-PROC
of	O
the	O
infectivity	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
by	O
MBL	O
in	O
fetal	B-ANAT
rhesus	O
kidney	B-ANAT
cells	B-COMP
(	O
FRhK	O
-	O
4	O
)	O
was	O
also	O
observed	O
.	O

IBV	B-SPEC
was	O
inactivated	O
upon	O
contact	O
with	O
the	O
FTA	O
,	O
as	O
shown	O
by	O
the	O
inability	O
of	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
to	O
be	O
propagated	O
in	O
embryonating	O
chicken	B-SPEC
eggs	O
.	O

RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
of	O
the	O
S1	B-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
showed	O
that	O
viral	O
RNA	O
in	O
allantoic	B-ANAT
fluid	I-ANAT
remained	O
stable	O
after	O
storage	B-PROC
on	O
FTA	O
filter	O
cards	O
and	O
that	O
the	O
stability	O
was	O
time	O
and	O
temperature	O
sensitive	O
for	O
the	O
large	O
(	O
1700	O
base	B-FUNC
pair	I-FUNC
[	O
bp	O
])	O
but	O
not	O
the	O
small	O
(	O
383	O
bp	O
)	O
PCR	O
products	O
.	O

Cloacal	B-ANAT
swabs	O
and	O
intestinal	B-ANAT
samples	O
were	O
obtained	O
at	O
1	O
,	O
2	O
,	O
3	O
,	O
4	O
,	O
6	O
,	O
9	O
,	O
14	O
,	O
17	O
,	O
and	O
21	O
days	O
after	O
inoculation	O
,	O
processed	O
,	O
and	O
tested	O
for	O
virus	B-SPEC
detection	O
by	O
RRT	O
-	O
PCR	O
Cloacal	B-ANAT
swabs	O
from	O
TAstV	O
-	O
2	O
-	O
and	O
TCV	B-SPEC
-	O
infected	O
poults	O
were	O
shown	O
to	O
have	O
sensitivity	O
for	O
virus	B-SPEC
detection	O
similar	O
to	O
that	O
of	O
intestinal	B-ANAT
samples	O
when	O
compared	O
directly	O
.	O

Cleavage	B-PROC
products	O
were	O
visualized	O
by	O
agarose	B-CHED
gel	O
analysis	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Expression	B-PROC
,	O
purification	O
,	O
and	O
characterization	O
of	O
SARS	B-PRGE
coronavirus	B-SPEC
RNA	B-PATH
polymerase	I-PATH
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
RNA	O
-	O
dependent	O
RNA	O
polymerase	O
(	O
RdRp	B-FUNC
)	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
is	O
essential	O
for	O
viral	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
and	O
a	O
potential	O
target	O
for	O
anti	O
-	O
SARS	B-DISO
drugs	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Cells	B-ANAT
of	O
human	B-PRGE
aminopeptidase	B-ENZY
N	I-ENZY
(	O
CD13	B-PRGE
)	O
transgenic	B-SPEC
mice	I-SPEC
are	O
infected	O
by	O
human	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
-	O
229E	O
in	O
vitro	O
,	O
but	O
not	O
in	O
vivo	O
.	O

hAPN	O
-	O
transgenic	B-SPEC
mice	I-SPEC
expressed	B-PROC
hAPN	B-PRGE
mRNA	I-PRGE
in	O
the	O
kidney	B-ANAT
,	O
small	B-ANAT
intestine	I-ANAT
,	O
liver	B-ANAT
,	O
and	O
lung	B-ANAT
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Central	O
ions	B-CHED
and	O
lateral	O
asparagine	B-CHED
/	O
glutamine	B-CHED
zippers	O
stabilize	O
the	O
post	O
-	O
fusion	O
hairpin	O
conformation	O
of	O
the	O
SARS	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
spike	O
glycoprotein	B-CHED
.	O

The	O
swabs	O
were	O
examined	O
by	O
virus	B-SPEC
culture	O
and	O
PCR	O
for	O
canine	B-SPEC
parainfluenza	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
,	O
canine	B-SPEC
adenovirus	I-SPEC
,	O
canine	B-SPEC
herpesvirus	I-SPEC
(	O
CHV	O
)	O
and	O
canine	O
respiratory	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
CRCoV	O
).	O

By	O
PCR	O
three	O
dogs	B-SPEC
were	O
found	O
positive	O
for	O
CRCoV	O
in	O
one	O
kennel	O
whereas	O
all	O
PCR	O
tests	O
for	O
other	O
viruses	B-SPEC
were	O
negative	O
for	O
both	O
kennels	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
detect	O
the	O
RNA	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
by	O
using	O
reverse	B-PROC
transcription	I-PROC
polymerase	O
chain	O
reaction	O
(	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
)	O
targeted	B-PROC
for	O
a	O
two	O
loci	O
and	O
a	O
modified	O
nested	O
real	O
-	O
time	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
as	O
to	O
improving	O
the	O
reliability	O
and	O
sensitivity	O
of	O
tests	O
.	O

It	O
might	O
improve	O
the	O
reliability	O
of	O
test	O
by	O
employing	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
targeted	B-PROC
for	O
two	O
or	O
more	O
fragments	O
in	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
genome	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Two	O
positives	O
were	O
found	O
in	O
the	O
3	O
SARS	B-DISO
probable	O
patients	O
,	O
and	O
none	O
positive	O
in	O
4	O
SARS	B-DISO
suspect	O
patients	O
and	O
other	O
27	O
patients	O
with	O
fever	B-PROC
,	O
using	O
the	O
nested	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
.	O

Of	O
42	O
patients	O
with	O
cystic	O
or	O
/	O
and	O
urethral	B-ANAT
injury	O
,	O
35	O
underwent	O
cystostomy	O
and	O
delayed	O
reconstruction	O
,	O
and	O
7	O
received	O
a	O
primary	O
realignment	O
.	O

Furthermore	O
,	O
in	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
the	O
targeting	B-PROC
antibody	B-COMP
,	O
infected	O
cancer	B-ANAT
cells	B-COMP
formed	O
syncytia	B-ANAT
typical	O
of	O
productive	O
coronavirus	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
epidemic	O
in	O
Taiwan	O
,	O
2003	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
In	O
Taiwan	O
,	O
since	O
the	O
first	O
case	O
of	O
severe	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
was	O
identified	O
on	O
February	O
25	O
,	O
2003	O
,	O
a	O
total	O
of	O
3032	O
cases	O
of	O
suspected	O
or	O
probable	O
SARS	B-DISO
were	O
reported	O
prior	O
to	O
July	O
5	O
,	O
2003	O
.	O

These	O
antibodies	B-COMP
potently	O
neutralize	O
infectious	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
in	O
tissue	B-ANAT
cultures	O
and	O
animal	B-SPEC
models	O
,	O
and	O
,	O
alone	O
or	O
in	O
combination	O
with	O
vaccines	O
and	O
other	O
drugs	O
,	O
may	O
have	O
potential	O
for	O
the	O
prevention	O
and	O
treatment	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
.	O

Of	O
the	O
1191	O
unique	O
genes	O
represented	O
on	O
the	O
array	O
,	O
the	O
expression	B-PROC
of	O
a	O
total	O
of	O
327	O
genes	O
(	O
27	O
%	O
of	O
total	O
)	O
were	O
altered	O
by	O
two	O
-	O
fold	O
or	O
more	O
from	O
6	O
through	O
72	O
h	O
post	O
-	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

They	O
received	O
standard	O
antimicrobial	B-CHED
therapy	O
and	O
extensive	O
supportive	O
therapy	O
as	O
required	O
.	O

The	O
determinants	O
of	O
health	O
-	O
be	O
they	O
a	O
SARS	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
or	O
a	O
predilection	O
for	O
fatty	O
foods	O
-	O
have	O
joined	O
us	O
in	O
our	O
global	O
mobility	O
.	O

The	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
multiplex	O
1	O
and	O
the	O
hemi	O
-	O
nested	O
multiplex	O
1	O
detected	O
1	O
and	O
0	O
.	O
1	O
TCID50	O
of	O
RSV	B-PRGE
A	I-PRGE
,	O
respectively	O
,	O
and	O
0	O
.	O
01	O
and	O
0	O
.	O
001	O
TCID50	O
of	O
influenza	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
A	O
/	O
H3N2	B-CHED
,	O
respectively	O
.	O

Carcasses	O
were	O
stored	O
in	O
a	O
cold	B-DISO
room	O
at	O
4	O
degrees	O
C	O
.	O
After	O
1	O
,	O
3	O
,	O
6	O
,	O
9	O
,	O
12	O
or	O
24	O
h	O
of	O
storage	B-PROC
,	O
necropsies	O
were	O
carried	O
out	O
.	O

In	O
addition	O
,	O
the	O
inactivation	B-DISO
of	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
in	O
wastewater	O
with	O
sodium	O
hypochlorite	B-CHED
and	O
chlorine	B-CHED
dioxide	I-CHED
was	O
also	O
studied	O
.	O

Free	O
chlorine	B-CHED
was	O
found	O
to	O
inactivate	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
better	O
than	O
chlorine	B-CHED
dioxide	I-CHED
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Sumoylation	B-PROC
of	O
the	O
nucleocapsid	B-COMP
protein	B-CHED
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
.	O

Similar	O
to	O
other	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
N	O
proteins	B-CHED
,	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
N	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
is	O
predicted	O
to	O
be	O
phosphorylated	O
and	O
may	O
contain	O
nuclear	O
localization	B-PROC
signals	O
,	O
serine	B-CHED
/	O
arginine	B-CHED
-	O
rich	O
motif	O
,	O
RNA	B-FUNC
binding	I-FUNC
domain	O
and	O
regions	O
responsible	O
for	O
self	O
-	O
association	O
and	O
homo	B-SPEC
-	O
oligomerization	O
.	O

The	O
expression	B-PROC
vector	O
of	O
this	O
siRNA	O
was	O
constructed	O
and	O
confirmed	O
to	O
reduce	O
N	O
and	O
EGFP	O
expression	B-PROC
efficiently	O
in	O
both	O
cultured	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
and	O
adult	O
mouse	B-SPEC
muscles	B-ANAT
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Spectrum	O
of	O
antiviral	B-CHED
activity	O
of	O
o	O
-(	O
acetoxyphenyl	O
)	O
hept	B-CHED
-	O
2	O
-	O
ynyl	O
sulphide	B-CHED
(	O
APHS	O
).	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
After	O
decades	O
of	O
neglect	O
,	O
the	O
resurgence	O
of	O
tuberculosis	O
in	O
the	O
United	O
States	O
between	O
1985	O
and	O
1992	O
renewed	O
interest	O
in	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
upper	O
room	O
ultraviolet	O
germicidal	O
irradiation	O
to	O
interrupt	O
the	O
transmission	O
of	O
airborne	O
infections	B-DISO
.	O

In	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
recombinant	B-PRGE
SARS	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
N	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
was	O
shown	O
to	O
be	O
dimeric	O
by	O
analytical	O
ultracentrifugation	O
,	O
size	O
exclusion	O
chromatography	O
coupled	O
with	O
light	O
scattering	O
,	O
and	O
chemical	O
cross	O
-	O
linking	O
.	O

Treatment	O
with	O
steroids	B-CHED
,	O
chemotherapy	O
,	O
interferon	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
alpha	I-PRGE
(	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
alpha	I-PRGE
),	O
or	O
imatinib	B-CHED
-	O
mesylate	O
may	O
improve	O
the	O
prognosis	O
.	O

Here	O
we	O
describe	O
the	O
case	O
of	O
a	O
young	O
male	O
patient	O
with	O
a	O
six	O
-	O
year	O
history	O
of	O
HES	B-DISO
and	O
severe	O
heart	B-ANAT
involvement	O
who	O
,	O
after	O
unsuccessful	O
treatment	O
attempts	O
with	O
steroids	B-CHED
,	O
hydroxyurea	B-CHED
and	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
alpha	I-PRGE
,	O
had	O
a	O
prompt	O
,	O
clinical	O
and	O
hematological	O
complete	O
remission	B-DISO
following	O
administration	O
of	O
imatinib	B-CHED
.	O

As	O
his	O
cardiac	B-PROC
function	I-PROC
also	O
markedly	O
improved	O
,	O
he	O
was	O
considered	O
for	O
heart	B-ANAT
transplant	B-ANAT
.	O

However	O
,	O
seven	O
years	O
after	O
the	O
onset	O
of	O
the	O
disease	O
and	O
four	O
months	O
after	O
the	O
termination	O
of	O
imatinib	B-CHED
treatment	O
the	O
patient	O
died	B-PROC
of	O
a	O
cerebral	B-DISO
hemorrhage	I-DISO
that	O
occurred	O
during	O
an	O
episode	O
of	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
sepsis	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Association	O
of	O
RANTES	B-PRGE
with	O
the	O
replication	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
in	O
THP	O
-	O
1	O
cells	B-COMP
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
is	O
a	O
novel	O
infectious	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
which	O
is	O
characterized	O
by	O
an	O
overaggressive	O
immune	B-PROC
response	I-PROC
.	O

Chemokines	O
are	O
important	O
inflammatory	O
mediators	O
and	O
regulate	O
disease	O
due	O
to	O
viral	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
.	O

Macrophages	B-ANAT
,	O
induced	O
by	O
THP	B-CHED
-	O
1	O
cells	B-COMP
,	O
were	O
used	O
as	O
cell	B-COMP
model	O
.	O

RANTES	B-PRGE
itself	O
could	O
inhibit	O
the	O
replication	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
in	O
THP	B-CHED
-	O
1	O
cells	B-COMP
when	O
it	O
was	O
added	O
into	O
the	O
culture	O
before	O
or	O
at	O
the	O
same	O
time	O
with	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
;	O
No	O
inhibition	B-PROC
effect	O
was	O
shown	O
when	O
RANTES	O
were	O
added	O
into	O
the	O
culture	O
after	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
infected	O
the	O
cells	B-COMP
.	O

Especially	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
useful	O
for	O
the	O
planning	O
of	O
the	O
outbreaks	O
of	O
emerging	O
diseases	O
such	O
as	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
or	O
for	O
bioterrorism	O
attacks	O
involving	O
such	O
diseases	O
as	O
smallpox	B-DISO
.	O

In	O
further	O
research	O
,	O
we	O
will	O
have	O
to	O
take	O
into	O
account	O
the	O
population	O
people	O
vaccinated	O
of	O
for	O
smallpox	B-DISO
,	O
who	O
account	O
for	O
about	O
70	O
%	O
of	O
the	O
total	O
population	O
in	O
Japan	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Most	O
episodes	O
occurred	O
during	O
vaso	O
-	O
occlusive	O
crisis	O
,	O
which	O
was	O
associated	O
with	O
a	O
severe	B-DISO
pain	I-DISO
event	O
.	O

When	O
80R	B-PRGE
IgG1	I-PRGE
was	O
given	O
prophylactically	O
to	O
mice	B-SPEC
at	O
doses	O
therapeutically	O
achievable	O
in	O
humans	B-SPEC
,	O
viral	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
was	O
reduced	O
by	O
more	O
than	O
4	O
orders	O
of	O
magnitude	O
to	O
below	O
assay	O
limits	O
.	O

Amino	B-CHED
acids	I-CHED
critical	O
for	O
80R	O
binding	B-FUNC
were	O
identified	O
.	O

We	O
propose	O
that	O
by	O
establishing	O
the	O
susceptibility	O
and	O
resistance	B-PROC
profiles	O
of	O
newly	O
emerging	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoVs	O
through	O
early	O
S1	O
genotyping	O
of	O
the	O
core	O
180	O
-	O
amino	O
-	O
acid	O
neutralizing	O
epitope	B-CHED
of	O
80R	O
,	O
an	O
effective	O
immunoprophylaxis	O
strategy	O
with	O
80R	O
should	O
be	O
possible	O
in	O
an	O
outbreak	O
setting	O
.	O

Our	O
study	O
also	O
cautions	O
that	O
for	O
any	O
prophylaxis	O
strategy	O
based	O
on	O
neutralizing	O
antibody	B-PROC
responses	I-PROC
,	O
whether	O
by	O
passive	O
or	O
active	O
immunization	O
,	O
a	O
genotyping	O
monitor	O
will	O
be	O
necessary	O
for	O
effective	O
use	O
.	O

These	O
results	O
show	O
that	O
microglia	B-ANAT
express	O
functional	O
MHVR	O
that	O
mediates	O
JHMV	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

IBV	B-PRGE
3a	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
is	O
expressed	B-PROC
in	O
infected	O
cells	B-COMP
but	O
is	O
not	O
detected	O
in	O
virions	B-COMP
.	O

These	O
puncta	O
did	O
not	O
overlap	O
cellular	B-COMP
organelles	B-COMP
or	O
other	O
punctate	O
structures	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Immunological	O
detection	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
by	O
monoclonal	O
antibodies	B-COMP
.	O

The	O
substance	O
also	O
inhibits	O
aldehyde	B-PRGE
dehydrogenase	I-PRGE
and	O
can	O
produce	O
acetaldehyde	B-CHED
syndrome	B-DISO
(	O
e	O
.	O
g	O
.,	O
vomiting	B-DISO
,	O
parasympathetic	O
hyperactivity	O
,	O
dyspnea	B-DISO
,	O
hypotension	O
,	O
and	O
confusion	B-DISO
)	O
when	O
exposure	O
coincides	O
with	O
alcohol	O
use	O
.	O

After	O
Dormex	O
(	O
Degussa	O
AG	O
,	O
Trostberg	O
,	O
Germany	O
),	O
a	O
pesticide	B-CHED
product	O
containing	O
hydrogen	B-CHED
cyanamide	B-CHED
(	O
49	O
%	O
by	O
weight	O
),	O
was	O
introduced	O
in	O
Italy	O
in	O
2000	O
,	O
a	O
total	O
of	O
23	O
cases	O
of	O
acute	O
illness	O
associated	O
with	O
exposure	O
to	O
this	O
chemical	O
were	O
identified	O
in	O
early	O
2001	O
.	O

This	O
led	O
to	O
a	O
temporary	O
suspension	O
of	O
sales	B-CHED
and	O
usage	O
of	O
Dormex	O
on	O
February	O
23	O
,	O
2002	O
,	O
and	O
strengthening	O
of	O
protective	O
measures	O
,	O
as	O
specified	O
on	O
the	O
pesticide	O
label	B-CHED
when	O
sales	B-CHED
were	O
resumed	O
on	O
June	O
20	O
,	O
2003	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
study	O
the	O
relationship	O
between	O
ambient	O
air	O
pollution	O
and	O
daily	O
mortality	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
in	O
Beijing	O
.	O

An	O
increase	O
of	O
each	O
10	O
microg	O
/	O
m3	O
over	O
a	O
5	O
-	O
day	O
moving	B-PROC
average	O
of	O
PM10	O
,	O
SO2	B-CHED
and	O
NO2	B-CHED
corresponded	O
to	O
1	O
.	O
06	O
(	O
1	O
.	O
00	O
-	O
1	O
.	O
12	O
),	O
0	O
.	O
74	O
(	O
0	O
.	O
48	O
-	O
1	O
.	O
13	O
)	O
and	O
1	O
.	O
22	O
(	O
1	O
.	O
01	O
-	O
1	O
.	O
48	O
)	O
relative	O
risks	O
(	O
RRs	B-DISO
)	O
of	O
daily	O
SARS	B-DISO
mortality	O
,	O
respectively	O
.	O

Heterogeneous	B-PRGE
nuclear	I-PRGE
ribonucleoprotein	I-PRGE
A1	I-PRGE
(	O
hnRNP	B-PRGE
A1	I-PRGE
)	O
is	O
related	O
to	O
the	O
pre	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
mRNA	I-PROC
splicing	I-PROC
in	O
the	O
nucleus	B-COMP
and	O
translation	B-PROC
regulation	B-PROC
in	O
the	O
cytoplasm	B-COMP
.	O

Moreover	O
,	O
kinetic	O
analyses	O
by	O
surface	O
plasmon	O
resonance	O
(	O
SPR	O
)	O
technology	O
revealed	O
that	O
SARS_N	O
protein	O
has	O
a	O
specific	O
binding	B-FUNC
affinity	O
against	O
human	B-PRGE
hnRNP	B-ANAT
A1	I-PRGE
with	O
K	O
(	O
D	O
)	O
at	O
0	O
.	O
35	O
+/-	O

It	O
is	O
suggested	O
that	O
both	O
SARS_N	O
and	O
hnRNP	B-PRGE
A1	I-PRGE
proteins	B-CHED
are	O
possibly	O
within	O
the	O
SARS_CoV	O
replication	O
/	O
transcription	B-PROC
complex	O
and	O
SARS_N	O
/	O
human	B-PRGE
hnRNP	B-ANAT
A1	I-PRGE
interaction	O
might	O
function	O
in	O
the	O
regulation	B-PROC
of	O
SARS_CoV	O
RNA	B-PROC
synthesis	I-PROC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
SARS	B-DISO
in	O
Singapore	O
:	O
surveillance	O
strategies	O
in	O
a	O
globalising	O
city	O
.	O

The	O
results	O
suggest	O
that	O
the	O
IgG	B-PRGE
ELISA	I-PRGE
using	I-PRGE
whole	I-PRGE
virus	I-PRGE
antigen	B-CHED
of	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
has	O
a	O
high	O
sensitivity	O
and	O
specificity	O
in	O
detecting	O
SARS	B-DISO
IgG	B-PRGE
antibodies	I-PRGE
.	O

Expression	B-PROC
levels	O
for	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
10	I-FUNC
,	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
gamma	I-PRGE
and	O
CXCL10	B-PRGE
consistently	O
peaked	O
within	O
4	O
days	O
of	O
peak	O
viral	O
load	O
.	O

The	O
recombinant	O
plasmid	O
pET30a	O
(+)-	O
nsp13	O
was	O
confirmed	O
by	O
restriction	O
enzymes	O
and	O
sequencing	O
analysis	O
,	O
and	O
transformed	O
into	O
Escherichia	B-SPEC
coli	I-SPEC
BL21	B-ANAT
(	O
DE3	O
).	O

The	O
His	O
-	O
tag	B-DISO
-	O
fused	O
protein	B-CHED
was	O
expressed	B-PROC
by	O
induction	O
of	O
0	O
.	O
5mM	O
IPTG	B-CHED
and	O
purified	O
by	O
a	O
single	O
Ni	O
(	O
2	O
+)	O
affinity	O
chromatography	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Preparedness	O
of	O
the	O
cardiac	B-ANAT
catheterization	O
laboratory	O
for	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	O
)	O
and	O
other	O
epidemics	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
is	O
a	O
highly	O
contagious	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
that	O
has	O
led	O
to	O
large	O
hospital	O
and	O
community	O
outbreaks	O
,	O
necessitating	O
stringent	O
infection	B-DISO
control	O
in	O
its	O
management	O
.	O

Among	O
90	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
in	O
our	O
institution	O
in	O
the	O
2003	O
outbreak	O
,	O
2	O
underwent	O
cardiac	B-ANAT
catheterization	O
.	O

Using	O
this	O
assay	O
,	O
we	O
also	O
detected	O
an	O
apparently	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
-	O
related	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
in	O
the	O
throat	B-ANAT
swab	I-ANAT
specimens	O
from	O
masked	B-SPEC
palm	I-SPEC
civets	I-SPEC
in	O
the	O
west	O
part	O
of	O
Hubei	O
Province	O
,	O
People	O
'	O
s	O
Republic	O
of	O
China	O
.	O

It	O
could	O
be	O
an	O
alternative	O
for	O
early	O
and	O
rapid	O
diagnosis	O
,	O
should	O
SARS	B-DISO
return	O
in	O
the	O
future	O
.	O

Granulomatous	O
phlebitis	B-DISO
at	O
different	O
stages	O
of	O
development	B-PROC
was	O
observed	O
.	O

In	O
June	O
2003	O
she	O
was	O
referred	O
to	O
our	O
department	O
,	O
presenting	O
symptoms	B-DISO
and	I-DISO
signs	I-DISO
of	O
ileus	B-DISO
.	O

Hemodynamic	B-PROC
stabilization	O
and	O
resuscitation	O
required	O
low	O
doses	O
of	O
epinephrine	B-CHED
,	O
diuretics	B-CHED
,	O
and	O
a	O
high	O
concentration	O
of	O
inspired	B-PROC
oxygen	B-CHED
in	O
combination	O
with	O
bronchodilators	O
.	O

TRALI	B-DISO
syndrome	B-DISO
is	O
an	O
immune	O
-	O
mediated	O
transfusion	B-DISO
reaction	I-DISO
which	O
can	O
cause	O
severe	O
complications	O
or	O
even	O
death	B-PROC
.	O

However	O
,	O
only	O
in	O
three	O
samples	O
were	O
significant	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
concentrations	O
demonstrated	O
.	O

The	O
results	O
suggest	O
(	O
1	O
)	O
that	O
anti	O
-	O
S	O
and	O
anti	O
-	O
N	O
antibodies	B-COMP
are	O
diagnostic	O
markers	O
and	O
in	O
particular	O
that	O
S3	O
is	O
immunogenic	O
and	O
therefore	O
is	O
a	O
good	O
candidate	O
as	O
a	O
subunit	O
vaccine	O
antigen	B-CHED
;	O
and	O
(	O
2	O
)	O
that	O
,	O
from	O
a	O
virus	B-ANAT
structure	I-ANAT
viewpoint	O
,	O
the	O
presence	O
in	O
some	O
human	B-SPEC
sera	B-COMP
of	O
antibodies	B-COMP
reacting	O
with	O
two	O
recombinant	O
polypeptides	B-CHED
,	O
3a	O
and	O
9b	O
,	O
supports	O
the	O
hypothesis	O
that	O
they	O
are	O
synthesized	O
during	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
cycle	O
.	O

He	O
evolved	O
with	O
findings	O
suggestive	O
of	O
acute	B-DISO
myocardial	I-DISO
infarction	I-DISO
,	O
with	O
electrocardiographic	O
and	O
enzymatic	O
alterations	O
compatible	O
with	O
that	O
diagnosis	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
High	O
prevalence	O
of	O
gastroesophageal	B-DISO
reflux	I-DISO
in	O
children	O
after	O
lung	B-ANAT
transplantation	O
.	O

Gastroesophageal	B-DISO
reflux	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
(	O
GERD	B-DISO
)	O
may	O
be	O
a	O
contributing	O
factor	O
for	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
BOS	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Human	B-SPEC
immunosenescence	B-DISO
:	O
is	O
it	O
infectious	B-DISO
?	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Morbidity	O
and	O
mortality	O
due	O
to	O
infectious	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
is	O
greater	O
in	O
the	O
elderly	O
than	O
in	O
the	O
young	O
,	O
at	O
least	O
partly	O
because	O
of	O
age	O
-	O
associated	O
decreased	O
immune	O
competence	O
,	O
which	O
renders	O
individuals	O
more	O
susceptible	O
to	O
pathogens	O
.	O

These	O
findings	O
support	O
our	O
hypothesis	O
that	O
the	O
manner	O
in	O
which	O
CMV	B-SPEC
and	O
the	O
host	B-COMP
immune	B-ANAT
system	I-ANAT
interact	O
is	O
critical	O
in	O
determining	O
the	O
IRP	B-PRGE
and	O
hence	O
is	O
predictive	O
of	O
mortality	O
.	O

In	O
this	O
sense	B-PROC
,	O
then	O
,	O
we	O
suggest	O
that	O
immunosenescence	B-DISO
is	O
contagious	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Mutational	O
and	O
inhibitive	O
analysis	O
of	O
SARS	B-PRGE
coronavirus	B-SPEC
3C	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
like	I-PRGE
protease	I-PRGE
by	O
fluorescence	O
resonance	O
energy	O
transfer	O
-	O
based	O
assays	O
.	O

Computational	O
analyses	O
of	O
the	O
frameshift	B-DISO
signal	O
predicted	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
an	O
mRNA	B-CHED
pseudoknot	O
containing	O
three	O
double	O
-	O
stranded	O
RNA	O
stem	B-ANAT
structures	O
rather	O
than	O
two	O
.	O

Though	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
the	O
three	O
-	O
stemmed	O
structure	O
is	O
supported	O
by	O
nuclease	O
mapping	O
and	O
two	O
-	O
dimensional	O
nuclear	O
magnetic	O
resonance	O
studies	O
,	O
our	O
findings	O
suggest	O
that	O
interactions	O
between	O
the	O
stem	B-ANAT
structures	O
may	O
result	O
in	O
local	O
distortions	B-DISO
in	O
the	O
A	O
-	O
form	O
RNA	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Monoclonal	O
antibodies	B-COMP
to	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
associated	I-DISO
coronavirus	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
):	O
identification	O
of	O
neutralizing	O
and	O
antibodies	O
reactive	O
to	O
S	O
,	O
N	O
,	O
M	O
and	O
E	O
viral	O
proteins	B-CHED
.	O

Five	O
mAbs	O
reacted	O
against	O
the	O
S	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
,	O
two	O
against	O
the	O
M	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
,	O
and	O
one	O
each	O
against	O
the	O
N	O
and	O
E	O
proteins	B-CHED
.	O

While	O
two	O
of	O
the	O
three	O
non	O
-	O
neutralizing	O
antibodies	B-COMP
recognized	O
at	O
second	O
epitope	B-CHED
within	O
amino	B-CHED
acids	I-CHED
270	O
-	O
350	O
.	O

Four	O
of	O
these	O
extracts	O
showed	O
moderate	O
to	O
potent	O
antiviral	B-CHED
activities	O
against	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
with	O
50	O
%	O
effective	O
concentration	O
(	O
EC50	O
)	O
ranging	O
from	O
2	O
.	O
4	O
+/-	O

The	O
results	O
suggested	O
that	O
four	O
herbal	O
extracts	O
and	O
the	O
compound	O
lycorine	B-CHED
are	O
candidates	O
for	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
new	O
anti	O
-	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
drugs	O
in	O
the	O
treatment	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
associated	I-DISO
coronavirus	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
has	O
been	O
confirmed	O
as	O
the	O
pathogen	O
for	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
).	O

HRCT	O
scores	O
were	O
increased	O
and	O
correlated	O
with	O
T	B-ANAT
-	I-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
numbers	O
and	O
their	O
subpopulations	O
,	O
and	O
inversely	O
with	O
CD4	B-PRGE
/	O
CD8	B-PRGE
ratio	O
.	O

Viral	B-COMP
particles	I-COMP
in	O
AM	O
were	O
detected	O
by	O
electron	O
microscopy	O
in	O
7	O
of	O
12	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
with	O
high	O
HRCT	O
score	O
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
Resolution	O
of	O
pneumonitis	B-DISO
is	O
delayed	O
in	O
some	O
patients	O
during	O
SARS	B-DISO
recovery	O
and	O
may	O
be	O
associated	O
with	O
delayed	O
clearance	O
of	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
,	O
Complete	O
resolution	O
may	O
occur	O
by	O
90	O
days	O
or	O
later	O
.	O

Our	O
findings	O
demonstrated	O
that	O
SARS	B-DISO
crisis	O
had	O
some	O
positive	O
impact	O
on	O
the	O
infection	B-DISO
control	O
practices	O
and	O
awareness	O
of	O
medical	O
staff	O
especially	O
on	O
those	O
with	O
direct	O
SARS	B-DISO
involvement	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
A	O
few	O
months	O
after	O
the	O
2003	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
outbreak	O
,	O
a	O
sample	O
of	O
Canadian	O
undergraduate	O
university	O
students	O
completed	O
a	O
questionnaire	O
that	O
showed	O
that	O
,	O
despite	O
believing	O
media	B-ANAT
coverage	O
of	O
the	O
outbreak	O
was	O
excessive	O
,	O
they	O
had	O
little	O
anxiety	O
about	O
acquiring	O
SARS	B-DISO
.	O

Although	O
some	O
information	O
is	O
lost	B-CHED
due	O
to	O
the	O
approximate	O
description	O
of	O
the	O
Z	O
-	O
curve	O
,	O
the	O
phylogenetic	O
tree	O
constructed	O
based	O
on	O
these	O
parameters	O
is	O
consistent	O
with	O
those	O
of	O
previous	O
analyses	O
.	O

We	O
found	O
that	O
human	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
229E	I-SPEC
(	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
229E	I-SPEC
)	O
vector	O
RNAs	O
that	O
lack	O
the	O
N	B-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
were	O
greatly	O
impaired	B-DISO
in	O
their	O
ability	O
to	O
replicate	O
,	O
whereas	O
the	O
transcription	B-PROC
of	O
subgenomic	O
mRNA	B-CHED
from	O
these	O
vectors	O
was	O
easily	O
detectable	O
.	O

Furthermore	O
,	O
modification	O
of	O
the	O
transcription	B-PROC
signal	O
required	O
for	O
the	O
synthesis	B-PROC
of	O
N	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
mRNAs	O
in	O
the	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
229E	I-SPEC
genome	O
resulted	O
in	O
the	O
selective	O
replication	O
of	O
genomes	O
that	O
are	O
able	O
to	O
express	O
the	O
N	O
protein	O
.	O

As	O
a	O
target	O
for	O
screening	O
,	O
both	O
a	O
homology	O
model	O
and	O
the	O
crystallographic	O
structure	O
of	O
the	O
binding	B-FUNC
pocket	O
of	O
the	O
enzyme	O
were	O
used	O
.	O

Binding	B-FUNC
of	O
both	O
cinanserin	O
and	O
its	O
hydrochloride	B-CHED
to	O
bacterially	O
expressed	O
3CLpro	O
of	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
and	O
the	O
related	O
human	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
229E	I-SPEC
(	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
229E	I-SPEC
)	O
was	O
demonstrated	O
by	O
surface	O
plasmon	O
resonance	O
technology	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Viral	O
expression	B-PROC
of	O
CCL2	B-PRGE
is	O
sufficient	O
to	O
induce	O
demyelination	B-DISO
in	O
RAG1	B-PRGE
-/-	O
mice	B-SPEC
infected	O
with	O
a	O
neurotropic	O
coronavirus	O
.	O

A	O
common	O
feature	O
of	O
demyelination	B-DISO
in	O
these	O
models	O
is	O
extensive	O
infiltration	B-DISO
of	O
macrophages	B-ANAT
/	O
microglia	B-ANAT
into	O
the	O
white	B-ANAT
matter	I-ANAT
.	O

CCL2	B-PRGE
has	O
been	O
implicated	O
in	O
macrophage	B-ANAT
infiltration	B-DISO
into	O
the	O
central	B-ANAT
nervous	I-ANAT
system	I-ANAT
and	O
is	O
involved	O
in	O
demyelination	B-DISO
in	O
many	O
experimental	O
models	O
of	O
demyelination	B-DISO
.	O

Both	O
peptides	B-CHED
are	O
hydrophobic	O
and	O
rich	O
in	O
alanine	O
,	O
glycine	B-CHED
,	O
and	O
/	O
or	O
phenylalanine	B-CHED
residues	O
and	O
contain	O
a	O
canonical	O
fusion	O
tripeptide	B-CHED
along	O
with	O
a	O
central	O
proline	B-CHED
residue	I-CHED
.	O

The	O
activity	O
of	O
this	O
synthetic	O
peptide	B-CHED
appeared	O
to	O
be	O
dependent	O
on	O
its	O
amino	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
(	O
aa	O
)	O
sequence	O
,	O
as	O
scrambling	O
the	O
peptide	B-CHED
rendered	O
it	O
unable	O
to	O
partition	O
into	O
LUV	O
,	O
assume	O
a	O
defined	O
secondary	O
structure	O
,	O
or	O
induce	O
both	O
fusion	O
and	O
leakage	B-DISO
of	O
LUV	O
.	O

CDV	B-CHED
,	O
may	O
be	O
useful	O
against	O
orthopoxvirus	B-SPEC
infections	B-DISO
in	O
humans	B-SPEC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
In	O
this	O
work	O
we	O
propose	O
a	O
simple	O
mathematical	O
model	O
for	O
the	O
analysis	O
of	O
the	O
impact	O
of	O
control	O
measures	O
against	O
an	O
emerging	O
infection	O
,	O
namely	O
,	O
the	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
).	O

S	O
-	O
A5D5	O
reacted	O
specifically	O
react	O
with	O
both	O
recombinant	O
and	O
native	O
nucleocapsid	B-COMP
protein	B-CHED
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
CoV	O
.	O
The	O
reactivity	O
of	O
S	O
-	O
A5D5	O
with	O
purified	O
N195	O
protein	B-CHED
and	O
utilization	O
of	O
the	O
MAb	O
as	O
a	O
detector	O
antibody	B-COMP
to	O
develop	O
an	O
antigen	B-CHED
capture	O
ELISA	O
was	O
assessed	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Production	O
of	O
a	O
monoclonal	O
antibody	B-COMP
against	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
spike	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
with	O
single	O
intrasplenic	O
immunization	O
of	O
plasmid	O
DNA	O
.	O

In	O
this	O
assay	O
,	O
the	O
protective	O
effect	O
of	O
neutralizing	O
antibodies	B-COMP
was	O
determined	O
by	O
the	O
cell	B-PROC
viability	I-PROC
which	O
is	O
measured	O
by	O
the	O
uptake	O
of	O
neutral	O
red	O
dye	B-CHED
at	O
A540	O
.	O

To	O
directly	O
compare	O
and	O
contrast	O
endotoxin	O
and	O
oleic	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
models	O
of	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
in	O
mice	B-SPEC
in	O
terms	O
of	O
their	O
physiologic	O
,	O
biochemical	O
,	O
histopathologic	O
,	O
and	O
imaging	O
manifestations	O
.	O

Under	O
the	O
conditions	O
of	O
these	O
studies	O
,	O
only	O
mice	B-SPEC
exposed	O
to	O
oleic	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
showed	O
both	O
structural	O
and	O
functional	O
characteristics	O
of	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Endotoxin	O
alone	O
caused	O
only	O
mild	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
neutrophilic	B-PROC
inflammation	B-DISO
with	O
little	O
functional	O
or	O
structural	O
damage	O
to	O
the	O
alveolar	B-ANAT
architecture	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
N	O
-	O
Substituted	O
isatin	B-CHED
derivatives	O
were	O
prepared	O
from	O
the	O
reaction	O
of	O
isatin	B-CHED
and	O
various	O
bromides	B-CHED
via	O
two	O
steps	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Primary	O
care	O
physicians	O
in	O
Hong	O
Kong	O
and	O
Canada	O
--	O
how	O
did	O
their	O
practices	O
differ	O
during	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
epidemic	O
?	O

In	O
Toronto	O
,	O
150	O
questionnaires	O
were	O
sent	O
to	O
academic	O
family	B-SPEC
physicians	O
affiliated	O
with	O
the	O
University	O
of	O
Toronto	O
with	O
51	O
replies	O
(	O
34	O
%).	O

All	O
agreed	O
SARS	B-DISO
had	O
changed	O
their	O
clinical	O
behaviour	B-PROC
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
All	O
agreed	O
SARS	B-DISO
had	O
changed	O
their	O
clinical	O
behaviour	B-PROC
.	O

However	O
,	O
discovery	O
of	O
the	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
CoV	O
revealed	O
that	O
highly	O
pathogenic	O
human	B-SPEC
CoVs	O
(	O
HCoVs	O
)	O
can	O
evolve	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Plasma	B-ANAT
cytokine	O
measurements	O
augment	O
prognostic	O
scores	O
as	O
indicators	O
of	O
outcome	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
sepsis	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Despite	O
recent	O
advances	O
in	O
the	O
prospective	O
identification	O
of	O
the	O
patient	O
with	O
sepsis	B-DISO
who	O
may	O
benefit	O
from	O
anti	O
-	O
inflammatory	O
or	O
antithrombotic	O
therapies	O
,	O
successful	O
treatment	O
regimens	O
have	O
been	O
fairly	O
modest	O
.	O

In	O
5	O
of	O
11	O
and	O
10	O
of	O
11	O
patients	O
with	O
SARS	B-DISO
,	O
paired	O
serum	B-COMP
samples	O
showed	O
a	O
>	O
or	O
=	O
4	O
-	O
fold	O
increase	O
in	O
antibody	B-COMP
titers	O
against	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
229E	I-SPEC
and	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
OC43	I-SPEC
,	O
respectively	O
,	O
by	O
IFA	O
.	O

Without	O
sufficient	O
knowledge	O
about	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
),	O
it	O
is	O
impossible	O
to	O
define	O
the	O
candidate	O
for	O
the	O
anti	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
SARS	I-PRGE
targets	I-PRGE
.	O

Then	O
the	O
recombinant	O
eukaryotic	O
expression	B-PROC
vector	O
pCI	O
-	O
neo	O
/	O
nsp2	B-PRGE
was	O
transfected	O
into	O
COS	B-ANAT
-	I-ANAT
7	I-ANAT
cells	B-COMP
using	O
lipofectin	O
reagent	B-CHED
to	O
express	O
the	O
nsp2	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
.	O

The	O
three	O
-	O
dimensional	O
structure	O
of	O
the	O
nsp2	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
was	O
successfully	O
constructed	O
.	O

The	O
eukaryotic	O
expression	B-PROC
plasmid	O
pEGFP	O
-	O
C1	O
-	O
N	O
,	O
containing	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
N	I-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
,	O
was	O
co	O
-	O
transfected	O
into	O
293	O
cells	B-COMP
with	O
either	O
the	O
RNAi	B-PROC
plasmid	O
pshRNA	O
-	O
N	O
or	O
unrelated	O
control	O
plasmid	O
pshRNA	O
-	O
HBV	B-DISO
-	O
C4	O
.	O

For	O
unknown	O
reason	O
,	O
a	O
subset	O
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
patients	O
does	O
not	O
respond	O
favorably	O
to	O
iNO	B-PRGE
therapy	O
.	O

The	O
morphology	O
of	O
coherently	O
pathologic	O
lung	B-ANAT
tissue	I-ANAT
was	O
characterized	O
by	O
the	O
length	O
of	O
the	O
borderline	O
between	O
consolidated	O
,	O
infiltrated	B-DISO
and	O
atelectatic	O
lung	B-ANAT
tissue	I-ANAT
and	O
radiologically	O
normal	O
lung	B-ANAT
tissue	I-ANAT
.	O

This	O
quantity	O
was	O
expressed	B-PROC
as	O
relative	O
fraction	O
of	O
the	O
visceral	O
pleural	O
circumference	O
and	O
averaged	O
over	O
all	O
CT	O
slices	O
.	O

Total	O
fraction	O
of	O
consolidated	O
lung	B-ANAT
tissue	I-ANAT
volume	O
was	O
not	O
different	O
between	O
iNO	O
non	O
-	O
responders	O
and	O
responders	O
(	O
60	O
+/-	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
In	O
n	O
=	O
6	O
non	O
-	O
responders	O
to	O
iNO	B-PRGE
(	O
DeltaPaO2	O
<	O
10	O
%),	O
we	O
determined	O
a	O
short	O
relative	O
borderline	O
between	O
normal	O
and	O
consolidated	O
lung	B-ANAT
tissue	I-ANAT
due	O
to	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
large	O
and	O
coherently	O
consolidated	O
lung	B-ANAT
regions	O
.	O

Retrospective	O
cases	O
involving	O
801	O
patients	O
admitted	O
to	O
hospitals	O
in	O
Beijing	O
between	O
March	O
and	O
June	O
2003	O
,	O
with	O
a	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
probable	O
SARS	B-DISO
,	O
moderate	O
type	O
.	O

From	O
8	O
to	O
16	O
d	O
,	O
the	O
patients	O
presented	O
progressive	O
cough	B-DISO
(	O
29	O
.	O
96	O
%),	O
sputum	B-PROC
production	I-PROC
(	O
13	O
.	O
09	O
%),	O
chest	B-ANAT
distress	O
(	O
29	O
.	O
96	O
%)	O
and	O
shortness	B-DISO
of	I-DISO
breath	I-DISO
(	O
35	O
.	O
34	O
%).	O

SPR	B-PRGE
Opt	I-PRGE
calculates	O
all	O
SNP	O
or	O
PCR	O
-	O
RFLP	O
variations	O
present	O
in	O
the	O
sequences	O
,	O
groups	O
them	O
into	O
haplotypes	O
according	O
to	O
their	O
co	O
-	O
segregation	O
across	O
those	O
sequences	O
,	O
and	O
performs	O
combinatoric	O
analyses	O
to	O
determine	O
which	O
sets	O
of	O
haplotypes	O
provide	O
maximal	O
discrimination	O
among	O
all	O
the	O
input	O
sequences	O
.	O

Analyses	O
of	O
mumps	B-DISO
and	O
SARS	B-DISO
viruses	B-SPEC
are	O
summarized	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
A	O
male	O
infant	O
(	O
gestational	O
age	O
,	O
26	O
weeks	O
and	O
1	O
day	O
;	O
birthweight	O
,	O
752	O
g	O
)	O
was	O
treated	O
for	O
respiratory	B-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
and	O
thereafter	O
required	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
due	O
to	O
chronic	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
insufficiency	I-DISO
.	O

Only	O
treatment	O
with	O
glucocorticoids	B-CHED
was	O
effective	O
.	O

There	O
has	O
been	O
no	O
previous	O
report	O
of	O
a	O
case	O
accompanied	O
by	O
cerebral	B-DISO
infarction	I-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
A	O
deficient	O
public	O
health	O
system	O
as	O
a	O
contributing	O
cause	O
of	O
Severe	B-DISO
Acute	I-DISO
Respiratory	I-DISO
Syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
epidemic	O
in	O
mainland	O
China	O
.	O

Our	O
results	O
indicate	O
that	O
quarantine	O
is	O
effective	O
in	O
containing	O
newly	O
emerging	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
,	O
and	O
also	O
cost	O
saving	O
when	O
compared	O
to	O
not	O
implementing	O
a	O
widespread	O
containment	O
mechanism	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Longitudinal	O
assessment	O
of	O
community	O
psychobehavioral	O
responses	O
during	O
and	O
after	O
the	O
2003	O
outbreak	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
in	O
Hong	O
Kong	O
.	O

In	O
addition	O
to	O
causing	O
upper	O
respiratory	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
,	O
we	O
found	O
that	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
NL63	I-SPEC
can	O
present	O
as	O
croup	B-DISO
,	O
asthma	B-PATH
exacerbation	O
,	O
febrile	B-DISO
seizures	I-DISO
,	O
and	O
high	O
fever	B-PROC
.	O

HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
NL63	I-SPEC
viruses	B-SPEC
appeared	O
to	O
cluster	O
into	O
2	O
evolutionary	O
lineages	O
,	O
and	O
viruses	B-SPEC
from	O
both	O
lineages	O
cocirculated	O
in	O
the	O
same	O
season	O
.	O

In	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
cirrhotic	O
patients	O
with	O
ARDS	B-DISO
after	O
MCT	B-ENZY
were	O
compared	O
with	O
others	O
without	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
postoperative	O
cumulative	O
water	B-PROC
balance	B-CHED
until	O
the	O
third	O
day	O
was	O
1	O
,	O
692	O
+/-	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Interferon	B-PRGE
alfacon1	I-PRGE
is	O
an	O
inhibitor	B-CHED
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
corona	B-CHED
virus	B-SPEC
in	O
cell	B-COMP
-	O
based	O
models	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Preliminary	O
data	O
examining	O
interferon	O
alfacon1	O
treatment	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
(	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
-	O
corona	B-CHED
virus	B-SPEC
)-	O
infected	O
patients	O
suggests	O
this	O
therapy	O
is	O
well	O
tolerated	O
and	O
of	O
therapeutic	O
benefit	O
.	O

The	O
extract	O
potently	O
suppressed	O
acute	O
HIV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
1	I-SPEC
(	O
IIIB	O
)	O
infection	B-DISO
in	O
MT	O
-	O
4	O
cells	B-COMP
with	O
EC50	O
values	O
of	O
0	O
.	O
5	O
microg	O
/	O
ml	O
but	O
exhibited	O
low	O
cytotoxicity	B-DISO
to	O
MT	O
-	O
4	O
cells	B-COMP
even	O
at	O
a	O
high	O
concentration	O
(	O
CC50	O
>	O
1000	O
microg	O
/	O
ml	O
).	O

Sukumo	O
extract	O
was	O
found	O
to	O
interact	O
with	O
both	O
the	O
viral	B-PRGE
envelope	I-PRGE
glycoprotein	B-CHED
and	I-PRGE
cellular	B-COMP
receptors	I-PRGE
,	O
thus	O
blocking	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
-	O
cell	B-COMP
binding	B-FUNC
and	O
virus	B-SPEC
-	O
induced	O
syncytium	B-PROC
formation	I-PROC
.	O

There	O
was	O
a	O
good	O
correlation	O
between	O
the	O
extract	O
'	O
s	O
anti	O
-	O
HIV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
1	I-SPEC
activity	O
and	O
its	O
inhibitory	O
effects	O
on	O
HIV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
1	I-SPEC
binding	B-FUNC
.	O

The	O
inhibitory	O
activity	O
of	O
the	O
extract	O
was	O
also	O
not	O
reduced	O
after	O
pronase	O
digestion	B-PROC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Inhibitory	O
effect	O
of	O
mizoribine	O
and	O
ribavirin	B-CHED
on	O
the	O
replication	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)-	O
associated	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
.	O

We	O
purified	O
RNA	O
from	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
obtained	O
from	O
routinely	O
collected	O
peripheral	B-ANAT
blood	I-ANAT
and	O
sputum	B-ANAT
samples	O
of	O
34	O
patients	O
who	O
had	O
been	O
identified	O
as	O
probable	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
by	O
following	O
the	O
interim	O
U	O
.	O
S	O
.	O
case	O
definition	O
.	O

Two	O
of	O
the	O
34	O
patients	O
were	O
only	O
3	O
days	O
post	O
-	O
onset	O
of	O
symptoms	O
and	O
were	O
subsequently	O
confirmed	O
to	O
be	O
SARS	B-DISO
positive	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
A	O
blind	B-DISO
-	O
test	O
of	O
both	O
peripheral	B-ANAT
blood	I-ANAT
and	O
sputum	B-ANAT
specimens	O
lead	O
to	O
the	O
positive	O
detection	O
of	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
in	O
31	O
out	O
of	O
34	O
patients	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Severe	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
is	O
frequently	O
complicated	O
with	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
.	O

In	O
some	O
of	O
these	O
patients	O
,	O
the	O
clinical	O
course	O
can	O
progress	O
relentlessly	O
to	O
septic	B-DISO
shock	I-DISO
and	O
/	O
or	O
multiple	B-DISO
organ	I-DISO
dysfunction	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
MODS	B-DISO
).	O

The	O
stomach	B-ANAT
represents	O
a	O
potential	O
site	O
of	O
secondary	O
colonization	O
and	O
reservoir	O
of	O
nosocomial	O
Gram	O
-	O
negative	O
bacilli	B-SPEC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
The	O
experience	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
related	O
stigma	O
at	O
Amoy	O
Gardens	O
.	O

Residents	O
attributed	O
stigma	O
to	O
government	O
mismanagement	O
,	O
contagiousness	O
of	O
the	O
mysterious	O
SARS	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
,	O
and	O
alarmist	O
media	B-ANAT
reporting	O
.	O

Here	O
,	O
the	O
results	O
of	O
a	O
screening	O
for	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
are	O
presented	O
,	O
using	O
a	O
universal	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
,	O
of	O
the	O
bird	B-SPEC
species	B-SPEC
graylag	B-SPEC
goose	I-SPEC
(	O
Anser	B-SPEC
anser	I-SPEC
),	O
feral	O
pigeon	B-SPEC
(	O
Columbia	O
livia	O
)	O
and	O
mallard	B-SPEC
(	O
Anas	B-SPEC
platyrhynchos	I-SPEC
).	O

In	O
the	O
graylag	B-SPEC
goose	I-SPEC
,	O
40	O
of	O
163	O
sampled	O
birds	B-SPEC
were	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
positive	O
,	O
whereas	O
two	O
of	O
100	O
sampled	O
pigeons	B-SPEC
and	O
one	O
of	O
five	O
sampled	O
mallards	B-SPEC
tested	O
positive	O
.	O

In	O
this	O
paper	O
we	O
analyse	O
the	O
reasons	O
why	O
tuberculosis	B-PATH
is	O
considered	O
to	O
be	O
an	O
occupational	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
in	O
health	O
personnel	O
;	O
which	O
activities	O
entail	O
most	O
risk	O
and	O
the	O
measures	O
that	O
should	O
be	O
adopted	O
to	O
reduce	O
nosocomial	O
transmission	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Close	O
proximity	O
of	O
persons	O
together	O
with	O
handling	O
of	O
human	B-SPEC
secretions	B-ANAT
(	O
eg	O
respiratory	O
secretions	B-ANAT
)	O
make	O
health	O
care	O
workers	O
(	O
HCW	O
)	O
particularly	O
vulnerable	O
to	O
transmission	O
of	O
droplet	O
-	O
transmitted	B-DISO
respiratory	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
.	O

The	O
purpose	O
of	O
this	O
article	O
is	O
to	O
review	O
common	O
airborne	O
and	O
droplet	O
-	O
transmitted	B-DISO
bacterial	O
and	O
viral	O
respiratory	B-DISO
tract	I-DISO
infections	I-DISO
with	O
regard	O
to	O
their	O
impact	O
on	O
health	O
care	O
workers	O
.	O

Enforced	O
implementation	O
of	O
stringent	O
droplet	O
precautions	O
during	O
the	O
SARS	O
crisis	O
should	O
be	O
maintained	O
;	O
and	O
this	O
will	O
most	O
likely	O
have	O
a	O
major	O
additional	O
impact	O
on	O
other	O
nosocomial	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Persistence	O
was	O
established	O
after	O
most	O
of	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
-	O
infected	O
Vero	O
E6	O
cells	B-COMP
died	B-PROC
.	O

RNA	O
of	O
the	O
defective	O
interfering	O
virus	B-SPEC
was	O
not	O
observed	O
in	O
the	O
persistently	O
infected	O
cells	B-COMP
by	O
Northern	O
blot	O
analysis	O
.	O

Immature	O
but	O
mature	O
Hsp60	B-PRGE
causes	O
in	O
vitro	O
the	O
release	B-PATH
of	O
NO	O
by	O
macrophages	B-ANAT
,	O
suggesting	O
that	O
the	O
extracellular	B-COMP
release	B-PATH
of	O
the	O
immature	O
Hsp60	B-PRGE
associated	O
with	O
traumatic	O
cell	B-COMP
necrosis	B-PROC
could	O
be	O
involved	O
in	O
the	O
release	B-PATH
of	O
NO	O
by	O
immune	O
competent	O
cells	B-COMP
,	O
leading	O
to	O
an	O
activation	O
of	O
the	O
inflammatory	B-DISO
response	I-DISO
within	O
the	O
lung	B-ANAT
or	O
other	O
organs	B-ANAT
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
severe	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
epidemic	O
that	O
occurred	O
in	O
Hong	O
Kong	O
in	O
2003	O
caused	O
serious	O
public	O
health	O
consequences	O
.	O

A	O
new	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
was	O
identified	O
as	O
the	O
causative	O
agent	O
and	O
named	O
the	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
-	O
associated	O
virus	B-SPEC
.	O

All	O
patients	O
who	O
died	B-PROC
at	O
Sahlgrenska	O
University	O
Hospital	O
in	O
Goteborg	O
,	O
Sweden	O
,	O
in	O
whom	O
cardiopulmonary	B-ANAT
resuscitation	O
(	O
CPR	B-ENZY
)	O
was	O
not	O
attempted	O
during	O
a	O
period	O
of	O
one	O
year	O
.	O

Among	O
674	O
patients	O
,	O
71	O
%	O
suffered	B-DISO
respiratory	B-DISO
insufficiency	I-DISO
,	O
43	O
%	O
were	O
unconscious	O
and	O
32	O
%	O
had	O
congestive	B-DISO
heart	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
during	O
the	O
24h	O
before	O
death	B-PROC
.	O

In	O
the	O
vast	O
majority	O
of	O
patients	O
,	O
the	O
diagnosis	O
on	O
admission	O
to	O
hospital	O
was	O
the	O
same	O
as	O
the	O
primary	O
cause	O
of	O
death	B-PROC
.	O

The	O
cause	O
of	O
death	B-PROC
was	O
life	O
-	O
threatening	O
organ	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
,	O
including	O
malignancy	B-DISO
(	O
44	O
%),	O
cerebral	B-DISO
lesion	I-DISO
(	O
10	O
%)	O
and	O
acute	B-DISO
coronary	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
10	O
%).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
The	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
in	O
catastrophic	O
antiphospholipid	B-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
:	O
analysis	O
of	O
a	O
series	O
of	O
47	O
patients	O
.	O

Cases	O
with	O
ARDS	B-DISO
were	O
selected	O
from	O
the	O
web	B-DISO
site	O
based	O
international	O
registry	O
of	O
patients	O
with	O
catastrophic	O
APS	B-DISO
(	O
CAPS	O
registry	O
)	O
(	O
http	O
://	O
www	O
.	O
med	O
.	O
ub	O
.	O
es	O
/	O
MIMMUN	O
/	O
FORUM	O
/	O
CAPS	B-PRGE
.	O
HTM	O
)	O
and	O
their	O
characteristics	O
examined	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Development	B-PROC
of	O
a	O
transgenic	O
mouse	B-SPEC
model	O
susceptible	O
to	O
human	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
229E	I-SPEC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
remains	O
unclear	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Coronaviral	O
hypothetical	O
and	O
structural	O
proteins	B-CHED
were	O
found	O
in	O
the	O
intestinal	B-ANAT
surface	I-ANAT
enterocytes	B-ANAT
and	O
pneumocytes	B-ANAT
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
).	O

The	O
presence	O
of	O
these	O
proteins	B-CHED
were	O
first	O
verified	O
in	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
-	O
infected	O
Vero	O
E6	O
tissue	B-ANAT
culture	O
model	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
compare	O
the	O
4	O
test	O
kits	O
on	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
gene	O
,	O
antigen	B-CHED
and	O
antibody	B-COMP
for	O
early	O
diagnose	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
By	O
measuring	O
airflow	B-PROC
and	O
ventilation	O
distribution	O
of	O
ward	O
building	O
,	O
to	O
explore	O
and	O
verify	O
the	O
hypothesis	O
of	O
airborne	O
transmission	O
and	O
risk	O
factor	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
nosocomial	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
.	O

Architecture	O
and	O
ventilation	O
system	O
of	O
the	O
inpatient	O
building	O
in	O
the	O
hospital	O
contributed	O
to	O
the	O
aerodynamic	O
condition	B-DISO
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
nosocomial	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
through	O
airborne	O
transmission	O
.	O

It	O
was	O
possible	O
that	O
SARS	B-DISO
could	O
have	O
been	O
transmitted	B-DISO
to	O
for	O
distance	O
by	O
aerosol	O
or	O
other	O
carriers	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Tracer	B-CHED
gas	B-ENZY
was	O
detected	O
from	O
the	O
wards	O
of	O
8th	O
to	O
13th	O
floor	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Efficacy	O
of	O
various	O
disinfectants	B-CHED
against	O
SARS	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
.	O

Combined	O
treatment	O
with	O
ICS	B-DISO
and	O
long	B-PRGE
acting	I-PRGE
beta2	I-PRGE
agonists	I-PRGE
(	O
LABA	O
)	O
may	O
provide	O
benefit	O
to	O
the	O
stability	O
of	O
COPD	B-DISO
,	O
but	O
it	O
is	O
unknown	O
if	O
withdrawal	B-DISO
of	O
ICS	B-DISO
will	O
result	O
in	O
disease	O
deterioration	O
.	O

Hong	O
Kong	O
was	O
ill	B-DISO
-	O
prepared	O
at	O
the	O
early	O
stage	O
of	O
the	O
epidemic	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Neopterin	O
and	O
C	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
reactive	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
(	O
CRP	B-PRGE
)	O
concentrations	O
were	O
determined	O
in	O
serum	B-COMP
samples	O
from	O
129	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
patients	O
and	O
156	O
healthy	O
blood	B-ANAT
donors	O
.	O

All	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
had	O
elevated	O
neopterin	B-CHED
concentrations	O
(>	O
10	O
nmol	O
/	O
L	O
)	O
within	O
9	O
days	O
after	O
the	O
onset	O
.	O

The	O
mean	O
neopterin	B-CHED
concentrations	O
were	O
34	O
.	O
2	O
nmol	O
/	O
L	O
in	O
acute	O
sera	B-COMP
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
,	O
5	O
.	O
1	O
nmol	O
/	O
L	O
in	O
convalescent	O
sera	B-COMP
,	O
and	O
6	O
.	O
7	O
nmol	O
/	O
L	O
in	O
healthy	O
controls	O
.	O

Using	O
general	O
estimating	O
equations	O
(	O
GEE	O
)	O
statistical	O
analysis	O
to	O
control	O
possible	O
for	O
affecting	O
factors	O
,	O
we	O
found	O
that	O
the	O
nursing	B-PROC
staff	O
'	O
s	O
anxiety	O
and	O
depression	B-DISO
along	O
with	O
sleep	B-PROC
quality	O
started	O
to	O
improve	O
2	O
weeks	O
after	O
the	O
initiation	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
prevention	O
controls	O
.	O

Monitoring	O
of	O
right	O
-	O
sided	O
heart	B-PROC
function	I-PROC
is	O
essential	O
in	O
a	O
clinical	O
setting	O
associated	O
with	O
hemodynamic	B-DISO
instability	I-DISO
,	O
such	O
as	O
severe	B-DISO
sepsis	I-DISO
or	O
acute	O
coronary	B-ANAT
artery	I-ANAT
obstruction	O
,	O
and	O
also	O
in	O
that	O
it	O
is	O
associated	O
with	O
increased	O
pulmonary	B-PROC
vascular	B-ANAT
resistance	I-PROC
,	O
as	O
in	O
massive	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
embolism	I-DISO
or	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
.	O

METHODS	O
:	O
Hematoxylin	B-CHED
and	O
eosin	O
staining	O
and	O
light	O
microscopy	O
were	O
used	O
to	O
examine	O
the	O
histology	O
of	O
the	O
thyroid	B-ANAT
tissues	B-ANAT
from	O
4	O
dead	B-PROC
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
and	O
5	O
healthy	O
thyroid	B-ANAT
samples	O
used	O
as	O
negative	O
controls	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Deformation	O
,	O
enlargement	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
dystrophy	B-DISO
of	O
follicular	B-ANAT
cells	B-COMP
in	O
thyroid	B-ANAT
glands	I-ANAT
were	O
found	O
in	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
.	O

PTH	B-PRGE
positive	O
cells	B-COMP
were	O
seen	O
in	O
the	O
normal	O
thyroid	B-ANAT
glands	I-ANAT
and	O
those	O
of	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
with	O
a	O
slightly	O
weaker	O
intensity	O
of	O
reaction	O
,	O
however	O
,	O
with	O
significant	O
difference	O
in	O
IOD	B-CHED
(	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
01	O
)	O
and	O
without	O
significant	O
difference	O
in	O
mean	O
slight	O
absorption	O
MOD	O
(	O
P	O
>	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
).	O

Health	O
care	O
practitioners	O
need	O
to	O
be	O
aware	O
of	O
infection	B-DISO
control	O
measures	O
to	O
prevent	O
the	O
spread	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
The	O
interaction	O
between	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
3C	O
-	O
like	O
proteinase	B-PROC
and	O
a	O
dimeric	O
inhibitor	O
by	O
capillary	B-ANAT
electrophoresis	O
.	O

The	O
results	O
showed	O
that	O
SARS	B-PRGE
3CL	I-PRGE
proteinase	B-PROC
was	O
able	O
to	O
complex	O
with	O
the	O
octapeptide	O
competitively	O
,	O
with	O
binding	B-FUNC
constants	O
of	O
2	O
.	O
44	O
x	O
10	O
(	O
4	O
)	O
M	O
(-	O
1	O
)	O
at	O
20	O
degrees	O
C	O
and	O
2	O
.	O
11	O
x	O
10	O
(	O
4	O
)	O
M	O
(-	O
1	O
)	O
at	O
37	O
degrees	O
C	O
.	O
In	O
addition	O
,	O
the	O
thermodynamic	O
parameters	O
deduced	O
reveal	O
that	O
hydrophobic	B-PROC
interaction	I-PROC
might	O
play	O
major	O
roles	O
,	O
along	O
with	O
electrostatic	O
force	O
,	O
in	O
the	O
binding	B-FUNC
process	O
.	O

Self	O
-	O
administered	O
mail	O
questionnaires	O
survey	O
to	O
308	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
after	O
discharging	O
from	O
hospital	O
.	O

In	O
multiple	O
linear	O
regression	O
analysis	O
,	O
use	O
of	O
pulse	B-PROC
steroid	B-CHED
and	O
total	O
dosages	O
of	O
pulse	B-PROC
steroid	B-CHED
during	O
hospitalisation	O
were	O
predictive	O
for	O
anxiety	O
-	O
depression	B-DISO
,	O
psychosis	B-DISO
and	O
behavioural	O
symptoms	O
in	O
acute	O
phase	O
,	O
the	O
effects	O
persisted	O
in	O
convalescent	O
phase	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
SARS	O
-	O
CoV	O
is	O
the	O
causative	O
agent	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
).	O

Our	O
results	O
indicated	O
that	O
extracts	O
from	O
Puer	O
and	O
black	B-SPEC
tea	I-SPEC
were	O
more	O
potent	O
than	O
that	O
from	O
green	O
or	O
oolong	O
teas	O
in	O
their	O
inhibitory	O
activities	O
against	O
3CL	O
(	O
Pro	B-CHED
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Identification	O
of	O
an	O
alternative	O
5	O
'-	O
untranslated	O
exon	O
and	O
new	O
polymorphisms	B-PROC
of	O
angiotensin	B-CHED
-	I-PRGE
converting	I-PRGE
enzyme	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
:	O
lack	O
of	O
association	O
with	O
SARS	O
in	O
the	O
Vietnamese	O
population	O
.	O

It	O
was	O
55	O
%	O
in	O
sepsis	B-DISO
,	O
33	O
%	O
in	O
destructive	O
pancreatis	O
,	O
8	O
.	O
3	O
%	O
in	O
urosepsis	B-DISO
,	O
8	O
%	O
in	O
acute	B-DISO
interstitial	I-DISO
nephritis	I-DISO
,	O
64	O
.	O
7	O
%	O
in	O
rapidly	B-DISO
progressive	I-DISO
glomerulonephritis	I-DISO
.	O

As	O
for	O
the	O
patients	O
with	O
the	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
,	O
the	O
score	O
values	O
ranged	O
from	O
0	O
.	O
3	O
to	O
1	O
.	O
3	O
and	O
only	O
one	O
patient	O
from	O
this	O
group	O
died	B-PROC
(	O
4	O
.	O
34	O
%).	O

Review	O
of	O
the	O
literature	O
was	O
used	O
to	O
analyse	O
TRALI	B-DISO
.	O

Patients	O
who	O
underwent	O
urgent	O
surgical	O
treatment	O
and	O
/	O
or	O
died	B-PROC
in	O
the	O
hospital	O
had	O
higher	O
peak	O
CRP	B-PRGE
levels	O
(	O
25	O
.	O
1	O
+/-	O
12	O
.	O
3	O
vs	O
.	O
16	O
.	O
1	O
+/-	O
7	O
.	O
4	O
mg	O
/	O
dl	O
,	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
010	O
)	O
than	O
those	O
who	O
did	O
not	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
is	O
a	O
newly	O
emerged	O
,	O
highly	O
pathogenic	O
agent	O
that	O
caused	O
over	O
8000	O
human	B-SPEC
infections	B-DISO
with	O
nearly	O
800	O
deaths	B-PROC
between	O
November	O
2002	O
and	O
September	O
2003	O
.	O

SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
viraemia	B-DISO
does	O
not	O
seem	O
to	O
reach	B-PROC
high	O
titres	O
,	O
however	O
,	O
it	O
has	O
to	O
be	O
excluded	O
that	O
virus	B-SPEC
transmission	O
may	O
occur	O
via	O
blood	B-ANAT
transfusion	O
or	O
application	O
of	O
therapeutic	O
plasma	B-ANAT
products	I-ANAT
,	O
e	O
.	O
g	O
.	O
fresh	B-ANAT
-	O
frozen	O
plasma	B-ANAT
or	O
single	O
components	O
derived	O
thereof	O
.	O

The	O
work	O
reported	O
here	O
demonstrates	O
:	O
(	O
1	O
)	O
fusion	O
of	O
SUMO	O
(	O
small	O
ubiquitin	B-PROC
-	O
related	O
modifier	O
),	O
a	O
100	O
amino	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
polypeptide	B-CHED
,	O
to	O
the	O
N	O
-	O
termini	O
of	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
proteins	B-CHED
dramatically	O
enhances	O
expression	B-PROC
in	O
Escherichia	B-SPEC
coli	I-SPEC
cells	B-COMP
and	O
(	O
2	O
)	O
6x	O
His	O
-	O
tagged	O
SUMO	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
fusions	I-PRGE
facilitate	O
rapid	O
purification	O
of	O
the	O
viral	O
proteins	B-CHED
on	O
a	O
large	O
scale	O
.	O

This	O
study	O
not	O
only	O
first	O
made	O
a	O
human	B-SPEC
neutralizing	O
antibody	B-COMP
,	O
which	O
recognized	O
an	O
epitope	B-CHED
on	O
S2	O
protein	B-CHED
like	O
natural	O
antibody	B-COMP
in	O
sera	B-COMP
,	O
but	O
also	O
may	O
help	O
us	O
to	O
better	O
understand	O
the	O
immunological	O
characteristics	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
protein	B-CHED
and	O
SARS	B-DISO
vaccine	O
design	O
.	O

(	O
2	O
)	O
Physician	O
'	O
s	O
alertness	O
/	O
sense	B-PROC
and	O
practice	O
of	O
self	O
-	O
protection	O
on	O
SARS	B-DISO
,	O
measures	O
on	O
quarantine	O
and	O
isolation	O
to	O
the	O
patients	O
,	O
ventilation	O
and	O
disinfection	O
process	O
in	O
the	O
wards	O
appeared	O
to	O
be	O
the	O
key	O
variables	O
for	O
the	O
control	O
of	O
epidemics	O
.	O

(	O
3	O
)	O
""""	O
Screening	O
for	O
fever	B-PROC
""""	O
practice	O
on	O
each	O
patient	O
at	O
the	O
entrance	O
of	O
the	O
hospital	O
did	O
not	O
seem	O
to	O
act	O
as	O
an	O
important	O
factor	O
to	O
the	O
control	O
of	O
the	O
epidemics	O
.	O

Regarding	O
factor	O
analysis	O
,	O
geographic	O
relationship	O
,	O
population	O
density	O
,	O
the	O
amount	O
of	O
doctors	O
and	O
hospitals	O
appeared	O
to	O
be	O
the	O
key	O
elements	O
influencing	O
the	O
transmission	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
predictable	O
number	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
cases	O
evolving	O
with	O
time	O
were	O
also	O
calculated	O
.	O

RNA	O
was	O
extracted	O
and	O
nested	O
reverse	B-PROC
transcription	I-PROC
-	O
polymerase	O
chain	O
reaction	O
(	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
)	O
was	O
carried	O
out	O
using	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
specific	O
primers	O
.	O

Among	O
the	O
276	O
samples	O
,	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
RNA	O
was	O
detected	O
in	O
6	O
cases	O
(	O
38	O
.	O
8	O
%)	O
by	O
nested	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Among	O
the	O
276	O
samples	O
,	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
RNA	O
was	O
detected	O
in	O
6	O
cases	O
(	O
38	O
.	O
8	O
%)	O
by	O
nested	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
prepare	O
and	O
characterize	O
monoclonal	O
antibodies	B-COMP
(	O
mAb	O
)	O
and	O
polyclonal	O
antibodies	B-COMP
against	O
nucleocapsid	B-COMP
(	O
N	O
)	O
protein	B-CHED
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)-	O
associated	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
and	O
to	O
establish	O
antibodies	B-COMP
-	O
based	O
sandwich	O
ELISA	O
for	O
detecting	O
N	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
of	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
,	O
which	O
might	O
apply	O
to	O
early	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
patients	O
with	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
CoV	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
.	O

Capturing	O
and	O
detecting	O
antibodies	B-COMP
were	O
selected	O
by	O
pairing	O
the	O
mAbs	O
and	O
polyclonal	O
antibodies	B-COMP
one	O
by	O
one	O
and	O
an	O
antibodies	B-COMP
-	O
based	O
sandwich	O
antigen	O
capture	O
ELISA	O
was	O
used	O
for	O
detecting	O
N	B-PRGE
antigen	I-PRGE
of	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
.	O
Nine	O
mAbs	O
and	O
hyperimmune	O
rabbit	B-SPEC
polyclonal	O
antibodies	B-COMP
,	O
specifically	O
against	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
nucleocapsid	B-COMP
protein	B-CHED
were	O
obtained	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Nine	O
mAbs	O
and	O
hyperimmune	O
rabbit	B-SPEC
polyclonal	O
antibodies	B-COMP
,	O
specifically	O
against	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
nucleocapsid	B-COMP
protein	B-CHED
were	O
obtained	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Pulmonary	O
contusion	O
is	O
frequently	O
followed	O
by	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
,	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
sepsis	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
cytokine	O
release	B-PATH
of	O
cultured	O
peripheral	B-ANAT
blood	I-ANAT
mononuclear	I-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
,	O
peritoneal	B-ANAT
macrophages	I-ANAT
,	O
splenocytes	O
,	O
and	O
splenic	B-ANAT
macrophages	B-ANAT
and	O
plasma	B-ANAT
levels	O
of	O
tumor	B-PRGE
necrosis	I-PRGE
factor	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
alpha	I-PRGE
and	O
interleukin	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
6	I-PRGE
from	O
those	O
animals	B-SPEC
were	O
quantified	O
.	O

At	O
24	O
hrs	B-DISO
and	O
,	O
in	O
part	O
,	O
already	O
at	O
2	O
hrs	B-DISO
,	O
cytokine	O
release	B-PATH
from	O
peritoneal	B-ANAT
macrophages	I-ANAT
,	O
splenic	B-ANAT
macrophages	B-ANAT
,	O
and	O
splenocytes	O
was	O
significantly	O
suppressed	O
.	O

Moreover	O
,	O
this	O
immunosuppression	B-PROC
is	O
associated	O
with	O
an	O
increased	O
susceptibility	O
to	O
infectious	B-DISO
complications	O
,	O
which	O
results	O
in	O
a	O
decreased	O
survival	O
rate	O
if	O
blunt	O
chest	B-ANAT
trauma	O
is	O
followed	O
by	O
a	O
septic	O
insult	O
.	O

1	O
.	O
5	O
mL	O
/	O
kg	O
;	O
p	O
<	O
.	O
05	O
),	O
and	O
lung	B-ANAT
mechanics	O
were	O
improved	O
.	O

Bronchoalveolar	O
lavage	O
showed	O
a	O
lesser	O
percentage	O
of	O
polymorphonuclear	B-ANAT
leukocytes	I-ANAT
(	O
S	O
+	O
IN	O
vs	O
.	O
S	O
,	O
70	O
%	O
+/-	O

A	O
topically	O
applied	O
nuclear	B-PRGE
factor	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
kappaB	I-PRGE
inhibitor	B-CHED
improves	O
lung	B-DISO
edema	I-DISO
and	O
lung	B-PROC
volumes	I-PROC
and	O
reduces	O
inflammation	B-DISO
in	O
this	O
newborn	O
piglet	O
model	O
of	O
airway	B-ANAT
lavage	O
.	O

Measurement	O
of	O
antibody	B-COMP
avidity	O
can	O
be	O
used	O
to	O
differentiate	O
primary	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
from	O
reexposure	O
and	O
to	O
assess	O
humoral	O
responses	O
to	O
candidate	O
vaccines	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
caused	O
by	O
a	O
novel	O
human	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
(	O
CoV	B-SPEC
),	O
designated	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	B-SPEC
,	O
is	O
a	O
highly	O
contagious	O
respiratory	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
with	O
the	O
lungs	B-ANAT
as	O
a	O
major	O
target	O
.	O

Concern	O
for	O
the	O
transfer	O
of	O
donor	B-CHED
antileukocyte	O
antibodies	B-COMP
has	O
prompted	O
major	O
changes	O
in	O
the	O
management	O
of	O
the	O
blood	B-PROC
supply	I-PROC
in	O
some	O
countries	O
;	O
however	O
,	O
recent	O
studies	O
have	O
suggested	O
alternative	O
pathophyslological	O
mechanisms	O
for	O
TRALI	B-DISO
related	O
to	O
the	O
shelf	O
life	O
of	O
cellular	B-COMP
blood	B-ANAT
products	O
.	O

Surviving	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
were	O
seen	O
at	O
least	O
twice	O
within	O
3	O
months	O
after	O
discharge	B-ANAT
and	O
underwent	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
associated	I-DISO
coronavirus	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
)	O
IgG	B-COMP
antibody	I-COMP
testing	O
,	O
pulmonary	B-PROC
function	I-PROC
testing	O
,	O
and	O
chest	B-ANAT
radiography	O
and	O
/	O
or	O
high	O
-	O
resolution	O
CT	O
(	O
HRCT	O
)	O
examinations	O
at	O
Chinese	O
PLA	B-CHED
General	O
Hospital	O
.	O

For	O
these	O
patients	O
,	O
51	O
of	O
53	O
patients	O
with	O
positive	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
IgG	I-PRGE
results	O
and	O
a	O
lung	B-ANAT
diffusion	O
abnormality	O
underwent	O
pulmonary	B-PROC
function	I-PROC
testing	O
after	O
approximately	O
1	O
month	O
.	O

These	O
findings	O
suggest	O
that	O
lung	B-ANAT
fibrotic	O
changes	O
caused	O
by	O
SARS	B-DISO
disease	O
occurred	O
mostly	O
in	O
severely	O
sick	O
patients	O
and	O
may	O
be	O
self	O
-	O
rehabilitated	O
.	O

D	O
(	O
LCO	B-CHED
)	O
scores	O
might	O
be	O
more	O
sensitive	O
than	O
HRCT	O
when	O
evaluating	O
lung	B-ANAT
fibrotic	O
changes	O
.	O

The	O
specific	O
immunoglobulin	B-PRGE
G	I-PRGE
(	O
IgG	B-PRGE
)	O
against	O
N	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
,	O
IgG	B-PRGE
against	O
S1	B-PRGE
domain	I-PRGE
of	O
S	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
,	O
and	O
the	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
IgG	I-PRGE
in	O
these	O
sera	B-COMP
were	O
detected	O
by	O
ELISA	O
.	O

The	O
anti	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
SARS	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
IgG	I-PRGE
positive	O
rate	O
in	O
the	O
healthy	O
persons	O
was	O
1	O
.	O
88	O
%	O
(	O
14	O
.	O
745	O
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
An	O
immunofluorescence	O
assay	O
for	O
the	O
detection	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
associated	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
antibody	B-COMP
based	O
on	O
recombinant	O
nucleocapsid	O
antigen	B-CHED
and	O
its	O
application	O
].	O

Immunofluorescence	O
assay	O
(	O
IFA	O
)	O
technique	O
and	O
plaque	B-DISO
reduction	O
neutralization	O
test	O
(	O
PRNT	O
)	O
were	O
used	O
to	O
detect	O
7	O
samples	O
of	O
sera	B-COMP
of	O
4	O
newly	O
diagnosed	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
collected	O
in	O
different	O
days	O
,	O
48	O
samples	O
of	O
convalescent	O
sera	B-COMP
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
,	O
24	O
serum	B-COMP
samples	O
of	O
healthy	O
person	O
undergoing	O
physical	O
examination	O
,	O
and	O
40	O
serum	B-COMP
samples	O
from	O
non	O
-	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
with	O
fever	B-PROC
by	O
double	O
blind	B-DISO
test	O
.	O

SARS	B-DISO
antibody	B-COMP
could	O
be	O
detected	O
since	O
the	O
sixth	O
day	O
after	O
onset	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
titer	O
increased	O
from	O
1	O
:	O
40	O
to	O
1	O
:	O
600	O
on	O
the	O
ninth	O
day	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
The	O
recombinant	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
specific	O
antigen	B-CHED
reacted	O
only	O
with	O
SARS	B-DISO
positive	O
sera	B-COMP
but	O
not	O
with	O
normal	O
sera	B-COMP
.	O

In	O
the	O
present	O
study	O
,	O
we	O
established	O
a	O
high	O
-	O
throughput	O
FRET	O
technique	O
for	O
screening	O
for	O
anti	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
SARS	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
3CL	I-PRGE
protease	O
drugs	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Pathogenesis	B-PROC
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

Angiotensin	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
converting	I-PRGE
enzyme	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
(	O
ACE2	B-PRGE
),	O
the	O
C	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
type	I-PRGE
lectin	I-PRGE
CD209L	I-PRGE
(	O
also	O
known	O
L	O
-	O
SIGN	O
),	O
and	O
DC	O
-	O
SIGN	O
bind	B-FUNC
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
,	O
but	O
ACE2	B-PRGE
appears	O
to	O
be	O
the	O
key	O
functional	O
receptor	O
for	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
.	O

By	O
contrast	O
there	O
may	O
be	O
a	O
lack	O
of	O
type	B-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
interferon	I-PRGE
response	O
.	O

Seventy	O
-	O
eight	O
(	O
45	O
.	O
61	O
%)	O
patients	O
continued	O
to	O
require	O
prednisolone	B-CHED
(<	O
0	O
.	O
5mg	O
.	O
kg	O
-	O
1	O
.	O
d	O
-	O
1	O
)	O
for	O
residual	O
lung	B-ANAT
opacities	B-DISO
when	O
data	O
were	O
collected	O
.	O

The	O
detailed	O
pathology	B-DISO
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
CoV	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
and	O
the	O
host	B-PROC
response	I-PROC
to	O
the	O
viral	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
are	O
still	O
not	O
known	O
.	O

The	O
3a	B-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
encodes	O
a	O
non	O
-	O
structural	O
viral	O
protein	B-CHED
,	O
which	O
is	O
predicted	O
to	O
be	O
a	O
transmembrane	B-COMP
protein	B-CHED
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
The	O
impact	O
of	O
work	O
-	O
related	O
risk	O
on	O
nurses	O
during	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
outbreak	O
in	O
Hong	O
Kong	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
is	O
a	O
highly	O
infectious	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
,	O
with	O
high	O
potential	O
for	O
transmission	O
to	O
close	O
contacts	O
,	O
particularly	O
among	O
healthcare	O
workers	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Development	B-PROC
of	O
a	O
homogeneous	O
screening	O
assay	O
for	O
automated	O
detection	O
of	O
antiviral	B-CHED
agents	I-CHED
active	O
against	O
severe	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
-	O
associated	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
.	O

Thus	O
,	O
a	O
screening	O
system	O
for	O
anti	O
-	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
agents	O
was	O
developed	O
,	O
which	O
evaluated	O
compound	O
potency	O
,	O
specificity	O
and	O
cytotoxicity	B-DISO
at	O
the	O
initial	O
screening	O
phase	O
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
The	O
ability	O
of	O
residents	O
to	O
cope	O
with	O
the	O
stress	O
of	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
outbreak	O
was	O
enhanced	O
by	O
the	O
communication	O
of	O
relevant	O
information	O
and	O
by	O
the	O
leadership	O
of	O
their	O
supervisors	O
and	O
infection	B-DISO
control	O
officers	O
.	O

In	O
addition	O
,	O
numbers	O
of	O
circulating	O
CD4	B-PRGE
and	O
CD8	B-PRGE
T	I-PRGE
cells	O
exhibited	O
milder	O
reductions	O
(	O
2	O
.	O
1	O
-	O
and	O
1	O
.	O
8	O
-	O
fold	O
at	O
week	O
1	O
)	O
and	O
earlier	O
return	O
to	O
normal	O
at	O
a	O
mean	O
of	O
weeks	O
3	O
and	O
4	O
,	O
respectively	O
.	O

Our	O
novel	O
findings	O
thus	O
suggest	O
that	O
the	O
acute	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
coronavirus	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
probably	O
contributes	O
to	O
the	O
initial	O
reduction	O
of	O
DC	O
and	O
T	O
-	O
cell	O
subsets	O
in	O
blood	B-ANAT
,	O
and	O
that	O
high	O
-	O
dose	O
steroid	B-CHED
administration	O
may	O
subsequently	O
exacerbate	O
and	O
prolong	O
low	O
expression	B-PROC
of	O
the	O
cell	B-COMP
subsets	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
dynamics	O
of	O
bovine	O
respiratory	O
syncytial	O
virus	O
(	O
BRSV	B-SPEC
),	O
bovine	B-SPEC
parainfluenza	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
3	I-SPEC
(	O
PIV	O
-	O
3	O
),	O
bovine	B-PRGE
corona	B-CHED
virus	B-SPEC
(	I-PRGE
BCoV	I-PRGE
)	I-PRGE
and	O
bovine	B-DISO
viral	I-DISO
diarrhoea	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
BVDV	B-SPEC
)	O
infections	B-DISO
were	O
studied	O
in	O
118	O
dairy	O
herds	O
in	O
south	O
western	O
Sweden	O
.	O

Despite	O
the	O
low	O
knowledge	O
score	O
,	O
the	O
overall	O
mean	O
satisfaction	O
score	O
of	O
the	O
government	O
'	O
s	O
response	O
to	O
SARS	B-DISO
was	O
4	O
.	O
47	O
(	O
out	O
of	O
possible	O
highest	O
score	O
of	O
5	O
.	O
00	O
),	O
with	O
>	O
93	O
%	O
of	O
adult	O
Singaporeans	O
indicating	O
that	O
they	O
were	O
satisfied	O
or	O
very	O
satisfied	O
with	O
the	O
government	O
'	O
s	O
response	O
to	O
SARS	B-DISO
.	O

It	O
was	O
subsequently	O
given	O
the	O
name	B-SPEC
""""	O
Severe	B-DISO
Acute	I-DISO
Respiratory	I-DISO
Syndrome	I-DISO
""""	O
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
following	O
the	O
occurrence	O
of	O
further	O
outbreaks	O
in	O
Hanoi	O
and	O
Hong	O
Kong	O
in	O
February	O
2003	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
RNase	B-ENZY
III	I-ENZY
-	O
prepared	O
short	O
interfering	O
RNAs	O
induce	O
degradation	O
of	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
coronavirus	B-SPEC
mRNAs	I-PRGE
in	O
human	B-SPEC
cells	B-COMP
].	O

This	O
work	O
evaluated	O
if	O
RNase	B-PRGE
III	I-PRGE
-	O
prepared	O
short	O
interfering	O
RNAs	O
can	O
induce	O
specific	O
degradation	O
of	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
coronavirus	B-SPEC
mRNAs	I-PRGE
in	O
human	B-SPEC
cells	B-COMP
.	O

Above	O
plasmids	O
and	O
esiRNAs	O
were	O
co	O
-	O
transfected	O
to	O
HEK293F	O
cells	B-COMP
with	O
reference	O
plasmid	B-PRGE
pRL	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
TK	I-PRGE
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
investigate	O
the	O
changes	O
and	O
pattern	O
of	O
pulmonary	O
function	O
in	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
patients	O
during	O
convalescent	O
period	O
.	O

Restrictive	O
pulmonary	B-PROC
ventilation	I-PROC
function	O
and	O
diffusing	O
dysfunction	O
of	O
the	O
lung	B-ANAT
were	O
found	O
in	O
one	O
third	O
of	O
the	O
patients	O
during	O
third	O
to	O
sixth	O
month	O
from	O
onset	O
.	O

Pulmonary	B-ANAT
dysfunction	O
is	O
found	O
among	O
some	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
after	O
convalescence	O
presenting	O
mainly	O
as	O
restrictive	O
ventilatory	O
function	O
and	O
diffusing	O
capacity	O
abnormality	O
.	O

The	O
laboratory	O
findings	O
of	O
the	O
4	O
cases	O
with	O
SARS	B-DISO
occurring	O
in	O
Guangzhou	O
,	O
People	O
'	O
s	O
Republic	O
of	O
China	O
,	O
in	O
2004	O
were	O
analyzed	O
and	O
compared	O
with	O
that	O
during	O
epidemic	O
.	O

The	O
change	O
in	O
laboratory	O
findings	O
is	O
less	O
than	O
that	O
,	O
which	O
might	O
be	O
attributable	O
to	O
milder	O
virulence	B-PROC
of	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
.	O
The	O
antibody	B-COMP
appears	O
earlier	O
in	O
these	O
patients	O
.	O

The	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
is	O
eliminated	O
rapidly	O
.	O

T	O
cell	O
subsets	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
leukocyte	B-ANAT
are	O
abnormal	O
in	O
some	O
patients	O
convalescent	O
from	O
SARS	B-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
clinical	O
,	O
laboratory	O
,	O
and	O
radiological	O
features	O
at	O
presentation	O
of	O
16	O
children	O
(<	O
12	O
years	O
)	O
with	O
severe	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
and	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
were	O
compared	O
with	O
32	O
age	O
matched	O
patients	O
with	O
community	B-DISO
acquired	I-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
for	O
determination	O
of	O
predictive	O
factors	O
that	O
could	O
allow	O
early	O
differentiation	B-PROC
of	O
the	O
two	O
conditions	O
.	O

A	O
definitive	O
contact	O
history	O
was	O
the	O
most	O
important	O
predictor	O
for	O
SARS	B-DISO
.	O

We	O
measured	O
risk	O
perception	O
and	O
impact	O
on	O
personal	O
and	O
work	O
life	O
of	O
15	O
,	O
025	O
HCWs	O
from	O
9	O
major	O
healthcare	O
institutions	O
during	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
epidemic	O
in	O
Singapore	O
using	O
a	O
self	O
-	O
administered	O
questionnaire	O
and	O
Impact	O
of	O
Events	O
Scale	O
and	O
analyzed	O
the	O
results	O
with	O
bivariate	O
and	O
multivariate	O
statistics	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
From	O
10	O
,	O
511	O
valid	O
questionnaires	O
(	O
70	O
%	O
response	O
),	O
we	O
found	O
that	O
although	O
the	O
majority	O
(	O
76	O
%)	O
perceived	O
a	O
great	O
personal	O
risk	O
of	O
falling	O
ill	B-DISO
with	O
SARS	B-DISO
,	O
they	O
(	O
69	O
.	O
5	O
%)	O
also	O
accepted	O
the	O
risk	O
as	O
part	O
of	O
their	O
job	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Discovery	O
of	O
potent	O
anilide	B-CHED
inhibitors	B-CHED
against	O
the	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
3CL	O
protease	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
epidemic	O
outbreak	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
posed	O
a	O
worldwide	O
threat	O
to	O
public	O
health	O
and	O
economic	O
stability	O
.	O

We	O
expanded	O
the	O
specificity	O
of	O
the	O
N	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
epitope	B-CHED
and	O
identified	O
4	O
novel	O
conformational	O
epitopes	O
(	O
amino	B-CHED
acids	I-CHED
1	O
-	O
69	O
,	O
68	O
-	O
213	O
,	O
212	O
-	O
341	O
,	O
and	O
337	O
-	O
422	O
).	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
In	O
a	O
group	O
of	O
N	O
individuals	O
,	O
carrying	O
an	O
infection	O
with	O
prevalence	O
pi	O
,	O
the	O
exact	O
probability	O
P	O
of	O
failing	O
in	O
detecting	O
the	O
infection	B-DISO
is	O
evaluated	O
when	O
a	O
diagnostic	O
test	O
of	O
sensitivity	O
s	O
and	O
specificity	O
s	O
'	O
is	O
carried	O
out	O
on	O
a	O
sample	O
of	O
n	O
individuals	O
extracted	O
without	O
replacement	O
from	O
the	O
group	O
.	O

These	O
results	O
are	O
applied	O
to	O
recent	O
data	O
for	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
A	O
molecular	O
docking	B-PROC
model	O
of	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
S1	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
in	O
complex	O
with	O
its	O
receptor	O
,	O
human	B-PRGE
ACE2	I-PRGE
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
The	O
virion	B-COMP
N	O
protein	B-CHED
of	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
is	O
more	O
phosphorylated	O
than	O
the	O
N	B-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
from	O
infected	O
cell	B-COMP
lysates	O
.	O

Although	O
single	O
substitution	O
of	O
these	O
two	O
residues	O
had	O
no	O
effects	O
on	O
the	O
infectivity	O
of	O
huSARS	O
-	O
CoV	O
,	O
these	O
recombinant	O
S	O
proteins	B-CHED
bound	O
to	O
human	B-PRGE
ACE2	I-PRGE
with	O
different	O
levels	O
of	O
reduced	O
affinity	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
two	O
-	O
amino	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
-	O
substituted	O
S	O
protein	B-CHED
showed	O
extremely	O
low	O
affinity	O
.	O

This	O
EVW	O
delivers	O
a	O
broadband	O
waveform	O
that	O
contains	O
discrete	O
frequencies	O
blended	O
to	O
provide	O
a	O
tidal	O
breath	O
,	O
followed	O
by	O
passive	O
exhalation	B-PROC
.	O

Correlations	O
were	O
found	O
between	O
the	O
arterial	B-ANAT
partial	B-PROC
pressure	I-PROC
of	I-PROC
oxygen	I-PROC
(	O
PaO2	O
)	O
and	O
the	O
levels	O
and	O
frequency	O
-	O
dependent	O
features	O
of	O
R	O
and	O
E	O
that	O
are	O
indicative	O
of	O
mechanical	O
heterogeneity	O
and	O
tissue	B-ANAT
disease	O
.	O

Patients	O
with	O
dengue	B-DISO
shock	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
are	O
at	O
high	O
risk	O
of	O
mortality	O
due	O
to	O
refractory	B-DISO
shock	I-DISO
and	O
multiple	B-DISO
organ	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
.	O

Information	O
about	O
virion	B-COMP
morphology	O
and	O
architecture	O
,	O
antigenic	O
and	O
biological	O
properties	O
,	O
viral	B-COMP
genome	I-COMP
,	O
protein	B-CHED
composition	O
,	O
thermal	O
and	O
chemical	O
stability	O
,	O
and	O
pH	O
and	O
proteolytic	B-PROC
enzymes	O
resistance	B-PROC
is	O
also	O
summarized	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
benefits	O
of	O
using	O
plant	O
-	O
based	O
oral	B-ANAT
vaccines	O
are	O
discussed	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Impact	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
outbreaks	O
on	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
emergency	B-DISO
department	O
medical	O
resources	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
impact	O
of	O
the	O
severe	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
outbreak	O
in	O
2003	O
on	O
the	O
emergency	B-DISO
department	O
(	O
ED	O
)	O
medical	O
needs	O
of	O
adult	O
patients	O
has	O
not	O
been	O
elucidated	O
.	O

The	O
numbers	O
of	O
patients	O
with	O
ambulance	O
transport	B-PROC
,	O
inter	O
-	O
hospital	O
referral	O
,	O
and	O
critical	B-DISO
illnesses	I-DISO
,	O
including	O
DOA	B-SPEC
,	O
categorized	O
as	O
triage	O
1	O
,	O
or	O
admitted	O
to	O
a	O
ward	O
or	O
intensive	O
care	O
unit	O
after	O
the	O
ED	O
visit	O
,	O
were	O
not	O
influenced	O
by	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
epidemic	O
.	O

Nine	O
broad	O
categories	O
were	O
identified	O
:	O
uncertainty	O
,	O
information	O
control	O
,	O
feelings	O
of	O
anger	O
and	O
guilt	O
,	O
lack	O
of	O
preparation	O
and	O
fear	O
of	O
death	B-PROC
,	O
feelings	O
of	O
isolation	O
and	O
loneliness	O
,	O
physical	O
effects	O
,	O
support	O
,	O
change	O
of	O
perspective	O
of	O
life	O
,	O
and	O
change	O
of	O
perspective	O
of	O
nursing	B-PROC
.	O

Mutations	O
in	O
ABCA3	B-PRGE
cause	O
fatal	O
respiratory	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
in	O
newborns	O
and	O
severe	O
chronic	B-DISO
lung	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
in	O
infancy	O
.	O

A	O
porcine	B-SPEC
surfactant	B-CHED
(	O
poractant	O
alfa	O
)	O
acts	O
more	O
rapidly	O
than	O
a	O
bovine	B-SPEC
preparation	O
(	O
beractant	O
)	O
in	O
infants	O
with	O
moderate	O
to	O
severe	O
RDS	O
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
TNF	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
alpha	I-PRGE
,	O
IL	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
1beta	I-PRGE
,	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
6	I-FUNC
and	O
neutrophil	B-ANAT
activator	O
production	O
by	O
the	O
isolated	O
perfused	O
liver	B-ANAT
,	O
in	O
response	O
to	O
a	O
'	O
second	O
hit	O
'	O
of	O
portal	B-ANAT
LPS	B-DISO
,	O
does	O
not	O
appear	O
to	O
be	O
enhanced	O
during	O
AP	O
.	O

Two	O
outbreaks	O
,	O
West	B-DISO
Nile	I-DISO
virus	I-DISO
and	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
,	O
have	O
recently	O
provided	O
important	O
lessons	O
on	O
how	O
transplant	B-ANAT
patients	O
are	O
affected	O
,	O
and	O
how	O
transplant	B-ANAT
programmes	O
must	O
adapt	O
and	O
evolve	O
in	O
the	O
face	B-DISO
of	O
emerging	O
infections	B-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Over	O
the	O
last	O
years	O
,	O
several	O
observational	O
studies	O
have	O
suggested	O
that	O
extracorporeal	O
lung	O
assist	O
(	O
ECLA	O
)	O
may	O
be	O
an	O
important	O
contribution	O
to	O
clinical	O
algorithms	O
for	O
the	O
treatment	O
of	O
most	O
severe	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
).	O

Today	O
ECLA	O
is	O
used	O
only	O
as	O
a	O
rescue	O
therapy	O
in	O
life	O
threatening	O
gas	B-ENZY
exchange	O
disorders	O
if	O
maximal	O
conventional	O
therapy	O
fails	O
to	O
prevent	O
from	O
hypoxemia	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Phylogenetic	O
and	O
recombination	B-PROC
analysis	O
of	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
HKU1	O
,	O
a	O
novel	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
from	O
patients	O
with	O
pneumonia	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
All	O
living	O
organisms	O
are	O
continuously	O
exposed	O
to	O
a	O
plethora	O
of	O
viruses	B-SPEC
.	O

Recent	O
examples	O
of	O
viruses	B-SPEC
that	O
have	O
crossed	O
the	O
species	B-SPEC
barrier	O
from	O
animal	B-SPEC
reservoirs	O
to	O
humans	B-SPEC
are	O
hantavirus	B-SPEC
,	O
haemorrhagic	B-DISO
fever	I-DISO
viruses	B-SPEC
,	O
arboviruses	O
,	O
Nipah	O
and	O
Hendra	O
viruses	B-SPEC
,	O
avian	B-SPEC
influenza	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
AI	O
),	O
monkeypox	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
,	O
and	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
associated	I-DISO
coronavirus	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
).	O

Against	O
this	O
background	O
the	O
intensified	O
use	O
of	O
viruses	B-SPEC
and	O
their	O
genetically	O
modified	O
variants	O
as	O
viral	O
gene	O
transfer	O
vectors	O
for	O
biomedical	O
research	O
,	O
experimental	O
gene	O
therapy	O
and	O
for	O
live	O
-	O
vector	O
vaccines	O
is	O
a	O
cause	O
for	O
concern	O
.	O

The	O
issues	O
are	O
raised	O
with	O
the	O
intention	O
to	O
assist	O
in	O
risk	O
assessments	O
for	O
activities	O
with	O
vector	O
viruses	B-SPEC
.	O

Out	O
of	O
the	O
total	O
24	O
fecal	B-ANAT
samples	O
from	O
raccoon	B-SPEC
dogs	I-SPEC
,	O
22	O
were	O
CCV	B-DISO
positive	O
for	O
type	O
II	O
and	O
16	O
for	O
type	O
I	O
.	O
M	O
gene	O
fragments	O
of	O
8	O
samples	O
were	O
sequenced	O
,	O
4	O
of	O
which	O
were	O
confirmed	O
as	O
CCV	B-PRGE
type	I-PRGE
I	I-PRGE
and	O
the	O
other	O
4	O
as	O
CCV	B-DISO
type	O
II	O
.	O

Interestingly	O
,	O
the	O
sequence	O
at	O
several	O
nucleic	O
acid	O
sites	O
of	O
CCV	B-PRGE
type	I-PRGE
II	I-PRGE
differed	O
between	O
foxes	O
and	O
raccoon	B-SPEC
dogs	I-SPEC
.	O

The	O
first	O
radiographic	O
study	O
showed	O
a	O
mass	O
filling	O
the	O
whole	O
left	B-ANAT
thorax	I-ANAT
cage	O
causing	O
erosion	B-DISO
of	O
the	O
inferior	O
edge	O
of	O
the	O
third	B-ANAT
rib	I-ANAT
.	O

Microscopically	O
,	O
it	O
was	O
an	O
inflammatory	B-DISO
myofibroblastic	I-DISO
tumor	I-DISO
.	O

It	O
was	O
composed	O
mainly	O
of	O
spindle	B-COMP
-	O
shaped	O
cells	B-COMP
without	O
malignant	O
features	O
.	O

To	O
compare	O
the	O
BMD	B-DISO
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
with	O
normal	O
range	O
data	O
,	O
a	O
cross	O
-	O
sectional	O
survey	O
was	O
conducted	O
.	O

S	O
-	O
peptide	B-CHED
,	O
mice	B-SPEC
primed	O
with	O
i	O
.	O
m	O
.	O

tPA	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
S	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
DNA	I-PRGE
boosted	O
with	O
i	O
.	O
p	O
.	O

A	O
series	O
of	O
tripeptide	B-CHED
alpha	O
,	O
beta	O
-	O
unsaturated	O
esters	B-CHED
and	O
ketomethylene	O
isosteres	O
,	O
including	O
AG7088	O
,	O
are	O
synthesized	O
and	O
assayed	O
to	O
target	O
the	O
3CL	B-PRGE
protease	I-PRGE
.	O

All	O
cats	B-SPEC
diagnosed	O
with	O
FIP	B-DISO
at	O
a	O
veterinary	O
teaching	O
hospital	O
over	O
a	O
16	O
-	O
year	O
period	O
were	O
identified	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
VEGF	B-PRGE
levels	O
in	O
the	O
alveolar	B-ANAT
compartment	B-ANAT
do	O
not	O
distinguish	O
between	O
ARDS	B-DISO
and	O
hydrostatic	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
oedema	I-DISO
.	O

Vascular	B-PROC
endothelial	B-ANAT
growth	B-PROC
factor	I-PROC
levels	O
in	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
oedema	I-DISO
fluid	O
were	O
depressed	O
both	O
in	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
and	O
hydrostatic	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
oedema	I-DISO
.	O

Six	O
patients	O
developed	O
a	O
non	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
Hodgkin	I-DISO
'	I-DISO
s	I-DISO
lymphoma	I-DISO
,	O
and	O
five	O
died	B-PROC
.	O

The	O
remaining	O
patients	O
survived	O
showing	O
a	O
good	O
neurologic	B-PROC
function	I-PROC
.	O

Rates	O
of	O
rejection	O
,	O
decline	O
in	O
forced	B-PROC
expiratory	I-PROC
volume	I-PROC
(	O
L	O
)	O
in	O
1	O
s	O
(	O
FEV	B-SPEC
-	O
1	O
)	O
and	O
bacterial	O
and	O
fungal	O
superinfection	B-DISO
were	O
compared	O
at	O
the	O
3	O
-	O
month	O
primary	O
endpoint	O
.	O

Few	O
studies	O
have	O
been	O
conducted	O
into	O
the	O
function	O
of	O
the	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
)	O
nsp5	B-PRGE
.	O

The	O
protein	B-CHED
encoded	O
by	O
the	O
nsp5	B-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
was	O
expressed	B-PROC
in	O
COS	O
-	O
7	O
cells	B-COMP
and	O
analyzed	O
by	O
sodium	B-CHED
dodecylsulfate	I-CHED
-	O
polyacrylamide	B-CHED
gel	O
electrophoresis	O
(	O
SDS	B-DISO
-	O
PAGE	O
).	O

PaO2	O
/	O
FIO2	O
was	O
significantly	O
better	O
in	O
PP	O
:	O
190	O
+/-	O
26	O
vs	O
.	O
113	O
+/-	O
9	O
mmHg	O
for	O
PP1	B-PRGE
/	O
SP1	B-PRGE
,	O
175	O
+/-	O
22	O
vs	O
.	O
135	O
+/-	O
16	O
mmHg	O
for	O
PP2	B-PRGE
/	O
SP2	B-PRGE
,	O
and	O
199	O
+/-	O
24	O
vs	O
.	O
151	O
+/-	O
13	O
mmHg	O
for	O
PP3	B-PRGE
/	O
SP3	B-PRGE
.	O

However	O
,	O
no	O
recombinant	B-PRGE
SARS	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
spike	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
(	O
S	O
)-	O
based	O
ELISA	O
is	O
currently	O
available	O
.	O

The	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
S	O
-	O
based	O
immunoglobulin	B-PRGE
M	I-PRGE
(	O
IgM	B-PRGE
)	O
and	O
IgG	B-PRGE
ELISAs	I-PRGE
were	O
evaluated	O
and	O
compared	O
with	O
the	O
corresponding	O
N	O
-	O
based	O
ELISA	O
for	O
serodiagnosis	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
,	O
using	O
sera	B-COMP
from	O
148	O
healthy	O
blood	B-ANAT
donors	O
who	O
donated	O
blood	B-ANAT
3	O
years	O
ago	O
as	O
controls	O
and	O
95	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
patients	O
in	O
Hong	O
Kong	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
),	O
the	O
most	O
severe	O
form	O
of	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
,	O
is	O
a	O
devastating	O
clinical	O
syndrome	B-DISO
with	O
a	O
high	O
mortality	O
rate	O
(	O
30	O
-	O
60	O
%)	O
(	O
refs	O
1	O
-	O
3	O
).	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Gas	B-PRGE
exchange	O
alterations	O
have	O
been	O
described	O
in	O
cirrhotic	O
patients	O
;	O
but	O
by	O
the	O
moment	O
,	O
a	O
few	O
prospective	O
studies	O
have	O
focused	O
in	O
them	O
.	O

The	O
most	O
prevalent	O
gas	B-ENZY
exchange	O
abnormality	O
in	O
cirrhosis	B-DISO
was	O
the	O
alteration	O
of	O
alveolar	B-ANAT
-	O
arterial	B-ANAT
oxygen	B-PROC
tension	B-DISO
gradient	O
,	O
directly	O
correlated	O
with	O
hepatocellur	O
disfunction	O
.	O

Inapparent	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
with	O
SARS	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
CoV	O
)	O
is	O
not	O
well	O
characterized	O
.	O

On	O
multivariate	O
analysis	O
,	O
hemoglobin	B-PRGE
level	O
was	O
an	O
independent	O
prognostic	O
correlate	O
of	O
hypoxemia	O
or	O
mortality	O
(	O
odds	O
ratio	O
,	O
2	O
.	O
0	O
;	O
95	O
%	O
confidence	O
interval	O
,	O
1	O
.	O
1	O
to	O
3	O
.	O
8	O
;	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
03	O
).	O

Only	O
one	O
of	O
seven	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
(	O
14	O
%)	O
who	O
was	O
not	O
receiving	O
ribavirin	B-CHED
became	O
anemic	O
,	O
but	O
this	O
individual	O
was	O
not	O
hypoxemic	O
.	O

Hypoxia	B-DISO
combined	O
with	O
anemia	B-DISO
increased	O
the	O
risk	O
for	O
death	B-PROC
in	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
.	O

For	O
random	O
networks	O
with	O
a	O
high	O
average	O
number	O
of	O
connections	O
per	O
node	B-ANAT
,	O
little	O
clustering	O
of	O
connections	O
and	O
short	O
latency	O
periods	B-PROC
,	O
contact	O
tracing	O
is	O
typically	O
ineffective	O
.	O

In	O
this	O
case	O
,	O
isolation	O
of	O
infected	O
nodes	B-ANAT
is	O
the	O
dominant	O
factor	O
in	O
determining	O
disease	B-DISO
epidemic	I-DISO
size	O
and	O
duration	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Clinical	O
and	O
laboratory	O
data	O
indicate	O
that	O
the	O
liver	O
plays	O
an	O
important	O
role	O
in	O
the	O
incidence	O
,	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
outcome	O
of	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
/	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

When	O
only	O
the	O
lung	B-ANAT
was	O
perfused	O
,	O
endotoxin	O
caused	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
hypertension	I-DISO
and	O
neutropenia	O
;	O
but	O
oxygenation	B-PROC
was	O
maintained	O
;	O
TNF	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
alpha	I-PRGE
,	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
6	I-FUNC
,	O
and	O
8	B-CHED
-	I-CHED
isoprostane	I-CHED
levels	O
were	O
minimally	O
elevated	O
;	O
and	O
there	O
was	O
no	O
lung	B-DISO
edema	I-DISO
.	O

We	O
conclude	O
that	O
the	O
direct	O
effects	O
of	O
endotoxemia	O
on	O
the	O
lungs	B-ANAT
include	O
vasoconstriction	B-DISO
and	O
leukocyte	B-ANAT
sequestration	O
,	O
but	O
not	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
During	O
several	O
months	O
of	O
2003	O
,	O
a	O
newly	O
identified	O
illness	O
termed	O
severe	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
spread	O
rapidly	O
through	O
the	O
world	O
.	O

In	O
cell	B-ANAT
lines	I-ANAT
,	O
angiotensin	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
converting	I-PRGE
enzyme	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
(	O
ACE2	B-PRGE
)	O
has	O
been	O
identified	O
as	O
a	O
potential	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
receptor	I-PRGE
.	O

Seven	O
of	O
nine	O
(	O
77	O
.	O
8	O
%)	O
patients	O
survived	O
;	O
two	O
died	B-PROC
because	O
of	O
severe	O
ARDS	B-DISO
,	O
MODS	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
.	O

It	O
is	O
easy	O
to	O
provide	O
good	O
sanitation	O
practices	O
for	O
human	B-SPEC
,	O
pigs	B-SPEC
and	O
chickens	B-SPEC
,	O
introducing	O
collection	O
and	O
treatment	O
of	O
excreta	O
.	O

Spatial	O
analysis	O
of	O
case	O
specimens	O
by	O
use	O
of	O
GIS	O
indicated	O
that	O
diarrhea	B-DISO
was	O
widespread	O
throughout	O
the	O
entire	O
shelter	O
,	O
and	O
spatial	O
statistical	O
analysis	O
revealed	O
no	O
evidence	O
of	O
spatial	O
clustering	O
of	O
case	O
specimens	O
.	O

Thus	O
ACE2	O
has	O
only	O
one	O
chloride	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
binding	B-FUNC
site	I-PRGE
(	O
CL1	B-PRGE
)	O
whereas	O
ACE	B-PRGE
has	O
two	O
sites	O
.	O

This	O
is	O
the	O
first	O
study	O
to	O
address	O
the	O
differences	O
that	O
exist	O
between	O
ACE2	B-PRGE
and	O
ACE	B-PRGE
at	O
the	O
molecular	O
level	O
.	O

In	O
situ	O
hybridization	B-PROC
for	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
was	O
negative	O
in	O
all	O
subjects	O
.	O

The	O
viral	O
culture	O
yielded	O
no	O
organisms	O
and	O
there	O
were	O
no	O
viral	B-COMP
particles	I-COMP
seen	O
on	O
electron	O
microscopic	O
examination	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
We	O
recruited	O
688	O
hospital	O
healthcare	O
workers	O
who	O
cared	O
for	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
and	O
did	O
not	O
develop	O
the	O
disease	O
in	O
the	O
Hong	O
Kong	O
outbreak	O
in	O
2003	O
.	O

The	O
mean	O
absolute	O
neutrophil	B-ANAT
count	O
of	O
patients	O
was	O
398	O
.	O
2	O
+/-	O

During	O
follow	O
-	O
up	O
,	O
respiratory	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
developed	O
in	O
24	O
cases	O
,	O
oral	B-DISO
manifestations	I-DISO
in	O
20	O
patients	O
.	O

Three	O
patients	O
died	B-PROC
of	O
recurrent	O
infections	B-DISO
.	O

Stem	B-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
banks	O
should	O
assure	O
the	O
quality	O
,	O
traceability	O
and	O
safety	O
of	O
cultures	O
for	O
transplantation	O
and	O
must	O
implement	O
an	O
effective	O
programme	O
to	O
prevent	O
contamination	O
of	O
the	O
final	O
product	O
.	O

The	O
proportion	O
of	O
doctors	O
and	O
nurses	O
who	O
undertook	O
each	O
measure	O
significantly	O
improved	O
(	O
chi	B-CHED
(	O
2	O
)	O
=	O
9	O
.	O
8551	O
,	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
043	O
)	O
after	O
the	O
onset	O
of	O
secondary	O
cases	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Important	O
roles	O
for	O
gamma	B-PRGE
interferon	I-PRGE
and	O
NKG2D	B-PRGE
in	O
gammadelta	O
T	B-ANAT
-	I-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
-	O
induced	O
demyelination	B-DISO
in	O
T	O
-	O
cell	O
receptor	O
beta	O
-	O
deficient	O
mice	B-SPEC
infected	O
with	O
a	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
.	O

Most	O
strikingly	O
,	O
our	O
results	O
also	O
show	O
a	O
major	O
role	O
for	O
NKG2D	B-PRGE
,	O
expressed	B-PROC
on	O
gammadelta	O
T	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
,	O
in	O
the	O
demyelinating	O
process	O
with	O
in	O
vivo	O
blockade	O
of	O
NKG2D	B-PRGE
interactions	O
resulting	O
in	O
a	O
60	O
%	O
reduction	O
in	O
demyelination	B-DISO
.	O

Importantly	O
,	O
both	O
ACE	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
and	O
viral	B-PRGE
antigen	I-PRGE
appeared	O
to	O
preferentially	O
colocalize	O
at	O
the	O
apical	O
domain	O
of	O
infected	O
cells	B-COMP
.	O

Active	O
P	O
-	O
PMO	O
were	O
effective	O
when	O
administered	O
at	O
any	O
time	O
prior	O
to	O
peak	O
viral	O
synthesis	B-PROC
and	O
exerted	B-PROC
sustained	O
antiviral	O
effects	O
while	O
present	O
in	O
culture	O
medium	O
.	O

After	O
several	O
viral	O
passages	O
in	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
a	O
TRS	B-DISO
-	O
targeted	B-PROC
P	O
-	O
PMO	O
,	O
partially	O
drug	O
-	O
resistant	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
mutants	O
arose	O
which	O
contained	O
three	O
contiguous	O
base	O
point	B-PROC
mutations	I-PROC
at	O
the	O
binding	B-FUNC
site	O
of	O
a	O
TRS	B-DISO
-	O
targeted	B-PROC
P	O
-	O
PMO	O
.	O

In	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
we	O
defined	O
the	O
mechanism	O
and	O
extent	O
of	O
lipid	B-COMP
raft	I-COMP
involvement	O
in	O
MHV	B-SPEC
replication	O
.	O

Furthermore	O
,	O
MHV	B-PRGE
spike	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
bound	O
to	O
nonraftraft	O
membrane	B-COMP
at	O
4	O
degrees	O
C	O
but	O
shifted	O
to	O
lipid	B-COMP
rafts	I-COMP
at	O
37	O
degrees	O
C	O
,	O
indicating	O
a	O
redistribution	O
of	O
membrane	B-COMP
following	O
virus	B-SPEC
binding	B-FUNC
.	O

We	O
also	O
found	O
that	O
the	O
viral	O
spike	O
protein	B-CHED
in	O
the	O
plasma	B-COMP
membrane	I-COMP
of	O
the	O
infected	O
cells	B-COMP
was	O
associated	O
with	O
lipid	B-COMP
rafts	I-COMP
,	O
whereas	O
that	O
in	O
the	O
Golgi	B-COMP
membrane	I-COMP
,	O
where	O
MHV	B-SPEC
matures	O
,	O
was	O
not	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
MHV	B-SPEC
spike	O
protein	B-CHED
has	O
an	O
inherent	O
ability	O
to	O
associate	O
with	O
lipid	B-COMP
rafts	I-COMP
.	O

These	O
findings	O
suggest	O
that	O
MHV	B-SPEC
entry	O
requires	O
specific	O
interactions	O
between	O
the	O
spike	O
protein	B-CHED
and	O
lipid	B-COMP
rafts	I-COMP
,	O
probably	O
during	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
internalization	O
step	O
.	O

The	O
authors	O
conducted	O
15	O
focus	O
groups	O
of	O
health	O
care	O
workers	O
representing	O
seven	O
different	O
job	O
classifications	O
in	O
two	O
Canadian	O
provinces	O
where	O
SARS	B-DISO
outbreaks	O
occurred	O
in	O
2003	O
using	O
a	O
theoretical	O
framework	O
which	O
divided	O
factors	O
associated	O
with	O
self	O
-	O
protective	O
behaviour	B-PROC
at	O
work	O
into	O
organizational	O
,	O
environmental	O
,	O
and	O
individual	O
factors	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Severe	B-DISO
Acute	I-DISO
Respiratory	I-DISO
Syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
has	O
been	O
recognized	O
as	O
a	O
new	O
human	B-SPEC
infectious	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
caused	O
by	O
a	O
novel	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
).	O

Elderly	O
participants	O
who	O
perceived	O
greater	O
personal	O
vulnerability	O
to	O
the	O
disease	O
,	O
who	O
possessed	B-DISO
greater	O
self	O
-	O
efficacy	O
,	O
who	O
had	O
greater	O
confidence	O
in	O
local	O
health	O
authorities	O
,	O
and	O
who	O
had	O
lower	O
educational	O
attainment	O
were	O
more	O
likely	O
to	O
adopt	O
the	O
suggested	O
SARS	B-DISO
preventive	O
behaviors	B-PROC
.	O

This	O
is	O
the	O
first	O
report	O
on	O
successful	O
craniotomy	O
under	O
ECMO	O
treatment	O
in	O
a	O
multiply	O
traumatized	O
patient	O
with	O
severe	O
thoracic	B-DISO
and	O
brain	B-ANAT
injuries	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Effectiveness	O
of	O
hemofiltration	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
peritonitis	B-DISO
and	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
].	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Occupational	O
deaths	B-PROC
among	O
healthcare	O
workers	O
.	O

Most	O
emergency	B-DISO
departments	O
provided	O
PPE	B-CHED
(	O
80	O
%)	O
and	O
implemented	O
ICMs	O
(	O
66	O
%)	O
at	O
late	O
stages	O
of	O
the	O
outbreak	O
.	O

Of	O
all	O
exposed	O
HCWs	O
,	O
7	O
.	O
5	O
%	O
had	O
asymptomatic	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
positive	O
cases	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Adenoviral	B-SPEC
expression	B-PROC
of	O
a	O
truncated	O
S1	O
subunit	O
of	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
spike	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
results	O
in	O
specific	O
humoral	O
immune	O
responses	O
against	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
in	O
rats	B-SPEC
.	O

Our	O
results	O
showed	O
that	O
all	O
of	O
the	O
immunized	O
animals	B-SPEC
generated	O
humoral	B-PROC
immunity	I-PROC
against	O
the	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
spike	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
,	O
and	O
the	O
sera	B-COMP
of	O
immunized	O
rats	B-SPEC
showed	O
strong	O
capable	O
of	O
protecting	O
from	O
SARS	O
-	O
CoV	O
infection	O
in	O
vitro	O
.	O

Clinically	O
,	O
human	B-SPEC
metapneumovirus	I-SPEC
was	O
found	O
to	O
be	O
second	O
to	O
human	B-SPEC
respiratory	I-SPEC
syncytial	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
alone	O
,	O
as	O
a	O
cause	O
of	O
respiratory	B-DISO
tract	I-DISO
infections	I-DISO
,	O
while	O
duration	O
of	O
virus	B-SPEC
excretion	B-PROC
appeared	O
to	O
correlate	O
with	O
severity	O
of	O
infection	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
virus	B-SPEC
load	O
in	O
NPA	B-CHED
with	O
the	O
stage	O
of	O
respiratory	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
detected	O
human	B-SPEC
metapneumovirus	I-SPEC
in	O
40	O
/	O
306	O
(	O
13	O
.	O
1	O
%)	O
children	O
positive	O
for	O
respiratory	O
viruses	B-SPEC
,	O
with	O
an	O
incidence	O
intermediate	O
between	O
that	O
of	O
respiratory	B-SPEC
syncytial	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
58	O
patients	O
,	O
18	O
.	O
9	O
%)	O
and	O
that	O
of	O
influenzavirus	B-SPEC
infections	B-DISO
(	O
29	O
patients	O
,	O
9	O
.	O
5	O
%).	O

Hydrophobic	O
regions	O
with	O
amino	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
residues	O
from	O
61	O
to	O
90	O
,	O
from	O
91	O
to	O
100	O
,	O
from	O
136	O
to	O
170	O
,	O
are	O
essential	O
for	O
this	O
protein	B-CHED
aggregation	O
.	O

Korean	O
IBV	B-SPEC
isolates	O
K069	O
-	O
01	O
,	O
K281	O
-	O
01	O
,	O
K434	O
-	O
01	O
,	O
K504	O
-	O
01	O
,	O
K774	O
-	O
01	O
,	O
K748	O
-	O
01	O
,	O
K044	O
-	O
02	O
,	O
K058	O
-	O
02	O
,	O
K161	O
-	O
02	O
,	O
K203	O
-	O
02	O
,	O
and	O
K234	O
-	O
02	O
formed	O
an	O
independent	O
cluster	O
comprised	O
only	O
of	O
Korean	O
IBV	B-SPEC
isolates	O
.	O

With	O
regard	O
to	O
analytical	O
sensitivity	O
,	O
RICT	O
detected	O
N	O
-	O
Ag	O
at	O
31	O
pg	O
/	O
mL	O
for	O
recombinant	O
N	O
-	O
Ag	O
,	O
and	O
at	O
1	O
.	O
99	O
x	O
10	O
(	O
2	O
)	O
TCID	O
(	O
50	O
)/	O
mL	O
for	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
.	O
The	O
specificity	O
of	O
RICT	O
was	O
100	O
%	O
when	O
150	O
human	B-SPEC
sera	B-COMP
and	O
50	O
nasopharyngeal	B-ANAT
aspirates	B-ANAT
(	O
NSPs	O
)	O
were	O
used	O
.	O

The	O
results	O
have	O
relevance	O
to	O
any	O
radiotherapy	O
department	O
preparing	O
contingency	O
plans	O
in	O
the	O
event	O
of	O
infectious	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
outbreaks	O
.	O

The	O
N	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
has	O
been	O
cloned	O
into	O
a	O
yeast	B-SPEC
expression	B-PROC
vector	O
pPIC9	O
,	O
transformed	O
into	O
Pichia	B-SPEC
pastoris	I-SPEC
strain	O
GS115	O
and	O
induced	O
for	O
expression	B-PROC
by	O
methanol	B-CHED
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
No	O
antibodies	B-COMP
against	O
organs	B-ANAT
but	O
lung	B-ANAT
were	O
found	O
in	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
study	O
the	O
method	O
for	O
cultivation	O
and	O
inactivation	O
of	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
.	O
In	O
order	B-SPEC
to	O
choose	O
the	O
sensitive	O
cell	B-ANAT
strain	I-ANAT
and	O
the	O
best	O
infection	B-DISO
dose	O
of	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
,	O
Vero	O
,	O
Vero	O
-	O
E6	O
and	O
2BS	O
cell	B-ANAT
lines	I-ANAT
were	O
infected	O
with	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
.	O
The	O
cultivation	O
temperature	O
was	O
selected	O
among	O
25	O
degrees	O
C	O
,	O
33	O
degrees	O
C	O
and	O
37	O
degrees	O
C	O
.	O
The	O
best	O
inactivating	O
time	O
and	O
effect	O
were	O
observed	O
with	O
beta	B-CHED
-	I-CHED
propiolactone	I-CHED
whose	O
concentration	O
ranged	O
from	O
1	O
:	O
2000	O
to	O
1	O
:	O
20	O
,	O
000	O
at	O
room	O
temperature	O
.	O

The	O
36	O
serum	B-COMP
samples	O
and	O
40	O
mouthwash	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
and	O
80	O
samples	O
of	O
healthy	O
people	O
were	O
tested	O
.	O

The	O
simple	O
nested	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
method	O
was	O
a	O
rapid	O
,	O
efficient	O
and	O
sensitive	O
one	O
for	O
SARS	B-DISO
early	O
diagnosis	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
The	O
positive	O
rate	O
of	O
patient	O
serum	B-COMP
and	O
mouthwash	O
was	O
33	O
.	O
6	O
%,	O
(	O
12	O
/	O
36	O
)	O
and	O
67	O
.	O
5	O
%,	O
(	O
27	O
/	O
40	O
),	O
respectively	O
,	O
while	O
the	O
positive	O
rate	O
of	O
healthy	O
people	O
was	O
zero	O
(	O
0	O
/	O
160	O
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
A	O
case	O
-	O
control	O
study	O
of	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
tract	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
in	O
general	O
practice	O
patients	O
in	O
The	O
Netherlands	O
.	O

We	O
hypothesized	O
that	O
asymptomatic	O
persons	O
could	O
have	O
a	O
subclinical	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
and	O
thus	O
act	O
as	O
a	O
source	O
of	O
transmission	O
.	O

Viruses	B-SPEC
were	O
detected	O
in	O
58	O
%	O
of	O
the	O
case	O
patients	O
,	O
beta	O
-	O
hemolytic	O
streptococci	O
group	O
A	O
were	O
detected	O
in	O
11	O
%,	O
and	O
mixed	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
were	O
detected	O
in	O
3	O
%.	O

This	O
study	O
confirms	O
that	O
most	O
ARTIs	O
are	O
viral	O
and	O
supports	O
the	O
reserved	O
policy	O
of	O
prescribing	O
antibiotics	B-CHED
.	O

The	O
variant	O
feline	B-SPEC
coronaviruses	O
that	O
cause	O
invariably	O
-	O
fatal	O
feline	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
peritonitis	I-DISO
(	O
FIP	B-DISO
)	O
arise	O
by	O
sporadic	O
mutation	O
of	O
an	O
ubiquitous	O
and	O
only	O
mildly	O
pathogenic	O
feline	B-SPEC
enteric	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
(	O
FECV	B-SPEC
);	O
a	O
finding	O
that	O
has	O
substantial	O
management	O
implications	O
for	O
cat	B-SPEC
breeders	O
and	O
veterinarians	O
.	O

Conversely	O
,	O
canine	O
enteric	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
(	O
CECV	O
)	O
shows	O
considerable	O
genetic	O
and	O
antigenic	B-PROC
diversity	I-PROC
but	O
causes	O
only	O
mild	O
,	O
self	O
-	O
limiting	O
diarrhoea	B-DISO
in	O
puppies	O
.	O

Feline	B-SPEC
and	O
canine	O
rotaviruses	B-SPEC
have	O
combined	O
with	O
human	B-SPEC
rotaviruses	B-SPEC
to	O
produce	O
new	O
,	O
reassortant	O
,	O
zoonotic	O
viruses	B-SPEC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Chest	B-ANAT
radiograph	O
screening	O
for	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
in	O
the	O
ED	O
.	O

The	O
prevalence	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
was	O
13	O
.	O
3	O
%	O
among	O
1328	O
patients	O
included	O
.	O

Serial	O
chest	B-ANAT
radiography	O
had	O
sensitivity	O
94	O
.	O
4	O
%,	O
specificity	O
93	O
.	O
9	O
%,	O
positive	O
likelihood	O
ratio	O
15	O
.	O
48	O
,	O
negative	O
likelihood	O
ratio	O
0	O
.	O
06	O
,	O
positive	O
predictive	O
value	O
71	O
.	O
4	O
%,	O
and	O
negative	O
predictive	O
value	O
99	O
.	O
0	O
%.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Autoantibodies	O
against	O
human	B-SPEC
epithelial	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
and	O
endothelial	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
after	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)-	O
associated	O
coronavirus	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
.	O

The	O
results	O
revealed	O
that	O
serum	B-COMP
levels	O
of	O
IgG	B-PRGE
anti	O
-	O
A549	O
cells	B-COMP
antibodies	B-COMP
,	O
IgG	B-PRGE
anti	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
HUVEC	I-PRGE
antibodies	I-PRGE
,	O
and	O
IgM	B-PRGE
anti	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
HPEC	I-PRGE
antibodies	B-COMP
were	O
significantly	O
higher	O
in	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
at	O
phase	O
II	O
/	O
phase	O
III	O
than	O
those	O
in	O
healthy	O
controls	O
.	O

Sera	B-COMP
from	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
at	O
phase	O
II	O
/	O
phase	O
III	O
could	O
mediate	O
complement	O
dependent	O
cytotoxicity	B-DISO
against	O
some	O
A549	O
cells	B-COMP
and	O
HPEC	B-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
nucleocapsid	B-PRGE
(	I-PRGE
N	I-PRGE
)	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
is	O
the	O
only	O
phosphorylated	O
structural	O
protein	B-CHED
of	O
the	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
Transmissible	O
gastroenteritis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
).	O

Lesions	O
typical	O
of	O
a	O
mixed	O
form	O
(	O
effusive	O
and	O
non	O
-	O
effusive	O
)	O
of	O
FIP	B-DISO
were	O
observed	O
and	O
by	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
a	O
feline	B-SPEC
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
FCoV	O
)	O
type	O
I	O
strain	O
was	O
detected	O
in	O
several	O
tissues	B-ANAT
.	O

As	O
a	O
part	O
of	O
preparedness	O
,	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
a	O
safe	O
and	O
effective	O
vaccine	O
is	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
highest	O
priorities	O
in	O
fighting	O
SARS	B-DISO
.	O

It	O
was	O
demonstrated	O
that	O
there	O
was	O
no	O
live	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
in	O
all	O
samples	O
collected	O
,	O
but	O
the	O
RNA	O
of	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
could	O
be	O
detected	O
in	O
seven	O
stool	B-ANAT
samples	O
from	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
with	O
any	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
symptoms	O
of	O
fever	B-PROC
,	O
malaise	B-DISO
,	O
cough	B-DISO
,	O
or	O
dyspnea	B-DISO
,	O
in	O
10	O
sewage	O
samples	O
before	O
disinfection	O
and	O
3	O
samples	O
after	O
disinfection	O
from	O
the	O
two	O
hospitals	O
.	O

Location	O
,	O
abnormal	O
distribution	O
,	O
appearance	O
of	O
lung	B-ANAT
abnormalities	O
,	O
effusion	B-DISO
of	O
pericadiaum	O
and	O
pleura	B-ANAT
,	O
and	O
lymphadenopathy	O
were	O
observed	O
.	O

Initial	O
chest	B-ANAT
radiographs	O
were	O
normal	O
in	O
36	O
of	O
79	O
patients	O
(	O
45	O
.	O
5	O
%).	O

The	O
main	O
abnormal	O
radiographic	O
appearance	O
of	O
lung	B-ANAT
in	O
patients	O
with	O
SARS	B-DISO
is	O
exudative	O
changes	O
.	O

To	O
exploit	O
a	O
new	O
strategy	O
to	O
fight	O
this	O
disease	O
,	O
we	O
investigated	O
the	O
effect	O
of	O
interference	O
RNA	O
(	O
RNAi	B-PROC
)	O
on	O
the	O
virus	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
and	O
replication	O
with	O
3	O
-(	O
4	O
,	O
5	O
-	O
dimethyl	B-CHED
-	O
2	O
-	O
thiazolyl	O
)-	O
2	O
,	O
5	O
-	O
diphenyltetrazolium	O
bromide	B-CHED
(	O
MTT	B-CHED
),	O
plaque	B-DISO
-	O
forming	O
,	O
Western	O
-	O
blot	O
and	O
real	O
-	O
time	O
PCR	O
assays	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
study	O
the	O
effect	O
of	O
corticosteroids	O
in	O
the	O
treatment	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
).	O

Established	O
adverse	O
prognostic	O
factors	O
including	O
old	O
age	O
,	O
comorbidities	O
and	O
high	O
LDH	B-PRGE
levels	O
were	O
used	O
as	O
covariates	O
in	O
multiple	O
logistic	O
regressions	B-DISO
to	O
adjust	O
for	O
their	O
confounding	O
effect	O
on	O
adverse	O
outcomes	O
.	O

While	O
concentrations	O
of	O
sTNFR2	O
proteins	B-CHED
were	O
elevated	O
in	O
both	O
BALB	O
/	O
c	O
(	O
p	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
00005	O
)	O
and	O
CD	O
-	O
1	O
(	O
p	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
005	O
)	O
mice	B-SPEC
compared	O
to	O
controls	O
,	O
concentrations	O
were	O
higher	O
in	O
BALB	O
/	O
c	O
mice	B-SPEC
(	O
p	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
0005	O
).	O

Gene	O
expression	O
of	O
iNOS	O
while	O
initially	O
high	O
in	O
BALB	O
/	O
c	O
mice	B-SPEC
decreased	O
during	O
the	O
acute	O
phase	O
of	O
infection	B-DISO
,	O
while	O
it	O
increased	O
in	O
CD	O
-	O
1	O
mice	B-SPEC
.	O

It	O
is	O
conserved	O
in	O
all	O
known	O
isolates	O
of	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
and	O
has	O
been	O
verified	O
by	O
in	O
vitro	O
peptide	B-CHED
-	O
binding	B-FUNC
studies	O
to	O
be	O
a	O
good	O
to	O
intermediate	O
binder	O
to	O
HLA	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
A	I-PRGE
*	I-PRGE
0301	I-PRGE
and	O
HLA	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
A	I-PRGE
*	I-PRGE
1101	I-PRGE
,	O
with	O
IC50	O
values	O
of	O
70	O
and	O
186	O
nM	O
,	O
respectively	O
[	O
Sylvester	O
-	O
Hvid	O
et	O
al	O
.	O
(	O
2004	O
),	O
Tissue	B-ANAT
Antigens	B-CHED
,	O
63	O
,	O
395	O
-	O
400	O
].	O

In	O
terms	O
of	O
the	O
residues	O
lining	O
the	O
peptide	B-CHED
-	O
binding	B-FUNC
groove	B-ANAT
,	O
the	O
HLA	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
A	I-PRGE
*	I-PRGE
1101	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
SNP362	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
370	I-PRGE
complex	I-PRGE
is	O
very	O
similar	O
to	O
other	O
known	O
structures	O
of	O
HLA	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
A	I-PRGE
*	I-PRGE
1101	I-PRGE
and	O
HLA	B-PRGE
-	O
A	O
*	O
6801	O
.	O

For	O
vaccine	O
development	B-PROC
,	O
there	O
seems	O
to	O
be	O
a	O
potential	O
for	O
optimization	O
targeted	B-PROC
at	O
this	O
position	O
.	O

In	O
addition	O
,	O
we	O
provided	O
evidence	O
for	O
evolutionary	O
reclassification	O
of	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
.	O
The	O
results	O
provide	O
important	O
insights	O
into	O
the	O
biochemical	O
properties	O
of	O
the	O
coronaviral	O
PLP	B-PRGE
family	I-PRGE
and	O
a	O
promising	O
therapeutic	O
way	O
to	O
fight	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
.	O

Due	O
to	O
the	O
threat	O
of	O
re	O
-	O
emergence	O
,	O
the	O
overall	O
fatality	O
rate	O
of	O
approximately	O
10	O
%,	O
and	O
the	O
rapid	O
dispersion	O
of	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
via	O
international	O
travel	O
,	O
viable	O
vaccine	O
candidates	O
providing	O
protection	O
from	O
SARS	B-DISO
are	O
clearly	O
needed	O
.	O

The	O
sensor	O
head	B-ANAT
is	O
an	O
optic	B-ANAT
-	O
mechanical	O
device	O
which	O
consists	O
of	O
imagining	O
optics	O
for	O
focusing	O
the	O
infrared	O
source	O
information	O
on	O
the	O
infrared	O
detector	O
.	O

Taken	O
together	O
,	O
we	O
have	O
demonstrated	O
that	O
the	O
anti	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
S2	I-PRGE
Abs	I-PRGE
in	O
SARS	B-DISO
patient	O
sera	B-COMP
cause	O
cytotoxic	O
injury	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
enhance	O
immune	O
cell	B-PROC
adhesion	B-DISO
to	O
epithelial	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
.	O

The	O
medical	O
records	O
of	O
children	O
diagnosed	O
with	O
bacterial	B-DISO
tracheitis	I-DISO
and	O
admitted	O
to	O
our	O
pediatric	O
intensive	O
care	O
unit	O
(	O
PICU	B-SPEC
)	O
from	O
June	O
1992	O
to	O
May	O
2004	O
(	O
12	O
years	O
)	O
were	O
analyzed	O
.	O

The	O
following	O
variables	O
were	O
recorded	O
:	O
age	O
,	O
sex	O
,	O
personal	O
history	O
,	O
need	O
for	O
endotracheal	O
intubation	O
,	O
duration	O
of	O
intubation	O
,	O
isolated	O
bacteria	B-SPEC
,	O
antibiotic	B-CHED
treatment	O
,	O
steroid	B-CHED
administration	O
,	O
and	O
length	O
of	O
stay	O
in	O
the	O
PICU	B-SPEC
.	O

These	O
results	O
provide	O
a	O
new	O
insight	O
for	O
further	O
functional	O
studies	O
of	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
3b	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Descending	O
necrotizing	B-DISO
mediastinitis	I-DISO
(	O
DNM	O
)	O
is	O
a	O
severe	O
infection	B-DISO
spreading	O
from	O
the	O
cervical	B-ANAT
region	I-ANAT
to	O
the	O
mediastinal	B-ANAT
connective	B-ANAT
tissue	I-ANAT
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Using	O
herbal	O
medicine	B-CHED
as	O
a	O
means	O
of	O
prevention	O
experience	O
during	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
crisis	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
One	O
of	O
the	O
hallmark	O
findings	O
in	O
patients	O
suffering	B-DISO
from	O
SARS	B-DISO
(	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
)	O
is	O
lymphopenia	B-DISO
,	O
which	O
is	O
the	O
result	O
of	O
massive	O
lymphocyte	B-ANAT
death	B-PROC
.	O

These	O
findings	O
identify	O
the	O
common	B-SPEC
marmoset	I-SPEC
as	O
a	O
promising	O
nonhuman	O
primate	B-SPEC
to	O
study	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
.	O

These	O
cases	O
confirm	O
the	O
effectiveness	O
of	O
drotrecogin	O
alfa	O
in	O
severe	B-DISO
sepsis	I-DISO
as	O
part	O
of	O
multidirectional	O
therapy	O
.	O

The	O
Ministry	O
of	O
Health	O
,	O
Singapore	O
centralised	O
SARS	B-DISO
cases	O
in	O
the	O
study	O
hospital	O
and	O
its	O
emergency	B-DISO
department	O
(	O
ED	O
)	O
became	O
the	O
national	O
screening	O
centre	O
.	O

Indeed	O
,	O
the	O
appearance	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
during	O
the	O
past	O
year	O
is	O
the	O
latest	O
example	O
of	O
the	O
continuing	O
challenges	O
posed	O
by	O
agents	O
of	O
infectious	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
.	O

Emerging	O
agents	O
are	O
threats	O
not	O
only	O
to	O
the	O
general	O
population	O
,	O
but	O
also	O
to	O
recipients	O
of	O
blood	B-ANAT
transfusions	O
.	O

To	O
determine	O
whether	O
nsp1	B-PRGE
is	O
required	O
for	O
MHV	B-SPEC
replication	O
and	O
to	O
identify	O
residues	O
critical	O
for	O
protein	B-PROC
function	I-PROC
,	O
mutant	B-DISO
viruses	B-SPEC
that	O
contained	O
deletions	O
or	O
point	B-PROC
mutations	I-PROC
within	O
the	O
nsp1	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
coding	I-PRGE
region	I-PRGE
were	O
generated	O
and	O
assayed	O
for	O
defects	O
in	O
viral	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
,	O
viral	O
protein	B-PROC
expression	B-PROC
,	O
protein	B-PROC
localization	I-PROC
,	O
and	O
RNA	B-PROC
synthesis	I-PROC
.	O

In	O
summary	O
,	O
we	O
identified	O
LSECtin	O
as	O
an	O
attachment	O
factor	O
that	O
in	O
conjunction	O
with	O
DC	O
-	O
SIGNR	O
might	O
concentrate	O
viral	O
pathogens	O
in	O
liver	B-ANAT
and	O
lymph	B-ANAT
nodes	I-ANAT
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Feline	B-SPEC
infectious	I-DISO
peritonitis	I-DISO
virus	O
(	O
FIPV	O
)	O
(	O
Coronaviridae	B-SPEC
)	O
causes	O
the	O
most	O
lethal	O
viral	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
in	O
cats	B-SPEC
:	O
FIP	B-DISO
.	O

Why	O
these	O
feline	B-SPEC
coronaviruses	O
manifest	O
so	O
differently	O
in	O
vivo	O
is	O
not	O
known	O
.	O

Considering	O
all	O
22	O
investigated	O
cats	B-SPEC
,	O
3	O
/	O
22	O
were	O
not	O
susceptible	O
for	O
FIPV	O
and	O
FECV	B-SPEC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Pulmonary	B-DISO
hypertension	I-DISO
complicates	O
the	O
course	O
of	O
many	O
newborns	O
with	O
congenital	B-DISO
diaphragmatic	I-DISO
hernia	I-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Myocardial	B-DISO
stunning	I-DISO
frequently	O
has	O
been	O
described	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
an	O
acute	B-DISO
coronary	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

Transthoracic	O
and	O
transoesophageal	O
echocardiography	O
was	O
used	O
to	O
assess	O
left	B-PROC
ventricular	I-PROC
ejection	I-PROC
fraction	O
(	O
LVEF	O
)	O
and	O
disturbances	O
of	O
segmental	O
contractility	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Report	O
of	O
a	O
patient	O
with	O
severe	O
transfusion	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
related	I-DISO
acute	I-DISO
lung	I-DISO
injury	I-DISO
after	O
multiple	O
transfusions	O
,	O
resuscitated	O
with	O
albumin	O
.	O

To	O
this	O
end	O
,	O
ACE2	B-PRGE
may	O
counterbalance	O
the	O
effects	O
of	O
ACE	B-PRGE
within	O
the	O
renin	B-PATH
-	I-PATH
angiotensin	B-CHED
system	I-PATH
(	O
RAS	B-PRGE
).	O

The	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
of	O
FIP	B-DISO
involves	O
a	O
viral	O
associated	O
,	O
disseminated	O
phlebitis	B-DISO
and	O
periphlebitis	B-DISO
which	O
can	O
arise	O
at	O
many	O
sites	O
.	O

A	O
comparison	O
of	O
scores	O
for	O
the	O
serial	O
thin	O
-	O
section	O
CT	O
examinations	O
indicated	O
a	O
significant	O
reduction	O
in	O
the	O
extent	O
of	O
ground	O
-	O
glass	O
opacity	B-DISO
(	O
P	O
<	O
.	O
001	O
)	O
and	O
interstitial	B-ANAT
opacity	B-DISO
(	O
P	O
<	O
.	O
001	O
)	O
but	O
not	O
in	O
that	O
of	O
air	B-DISO
trapping	I-DISO
(	O
P	O
=	O
.	O
38	O
)	O
at	O
follow	O
-	O
up	O
examination	O
.	O

At	O
initial	O
thin	O
-	O
section	O
CT	O
,	O
scores	O
for	O
ground	O
-	O
glass	O
opacity	B-DISO
,	O
interstitial	B-ANAT
opacity	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
air	B-DISO
trapping	I-DISO
correlated	O
with	O
age	O
;	O
those	O
for	O
ground	O
-	O
glass	O
opacity	B-DISO
and	O
air	B-DISO
trapping	I-DISO
,	O
with	O
peak	O
C	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
reactive	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
level	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Air	B-DISO
trapping	I-DISO
,	O
ground	O
-	O
glass	O
opacity	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
reticulation	O
were	O
found	O
in	O
37	O
(	O
92	O
%),	O
36	O
(	O
90	O
%),	O
and	O
28	O
(	O
70	O
%)	O
of	O
40	O
patients	O
,	O
respectively	O
,	O
at	O
initial	O
thin	O
-	O
section	O
CT	O
examination	O
and	O
in	O
16	O
(	O
80	O
%),	O
14	O
(	O
70	O
%),	O
and	O
10	O
(	O
50	O
%)	O
of	O
20	O
patients	O
,	O
respectively	O
,	O
at	O
follow	O
-	O
up	O
examination	O
.	O

Mutational	O
analysis	O
of	O
the	O
extra	O
stem	B-ANAT
suggests	O
frameshift	B-DISO
efficiency	O
can	O
be	O
modulated	O
via	O
manipulation	O
of	O
the	O
secondary	O
structure	O
within	O
the	O
loop	O
2	O
of	O
an	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
-	O
type	O
pseudoknot	O
.	O

Furthermore	O
,	O
frameshift	B-DISO
efficiency	O
can	O
be	O
reduced	O
to	O
half	O
in	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
the	O
attenuation	O
signal	O
in	O
vivo	O
.	O

Two	O
(	O
3	O
.	O
3	O
%)	O
of	O
the	O
hypocortisolic	O
cohort	O
had	O
transient	O
subclinical	O
thyrotoxicosis	B-DISO
.	O

These	O
preliminary	O
findings	O
highlight	O
a	O
possible	O
aetiologic	O
role	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
associated	I-DISO
coronavirus	I-DISO
in	O
causing	O
a	O
reversible	O
hypophysitis	B-DISO
or	O
direct	O
hypothalamic	B-ANAT
effect	O
,	O
with	O
the	O
HPA	B-CHED
axis	B-SPEC
affected	O
more	O
frequently	O
than	O
the	O
HPT	O
axis	B-SPEC
.	O

Eight	O
had	O
subnormal	O
DHEAS	B-CHED
levels	O
.	O

The	O
ratio	O
of	O
PaO2	O
/	O
FiO2	O
/	O
VO2	B-CHED
is	O
proposed	O
to	O
consider	O
to	O
be	O
a	O
criterion	O
for	O
the	O
effectiveness	O
of	O
respiratory	O
support	O
in	O
ALLS	O
/	O
ARDS	B-DISO
and	O
a	O
marker	O
of	O
energy	O
deficiency	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
etiology	O
of	O
Kawasaki	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
(	O
KD	O
)	O
remains	O
unknown	O
despite	O
several	O
years	O
of	O
dedicated	O
research	O
in	O
this	O
direction	O
.	O

There	O
has	O
been	O
some	O
concern	O
about	O
increased	O
risk	O
for	O
premature	O
atherosclerosis	B-DISO
in	O
patients	O
with	O
childhood	O
KD	O
who	O
had	O
coronary	B-ANAT
artery	I-ANAT
abnormalities	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Procalcitonin	O
and	O
infection	B-DISO
in	O
elderly	O
patients	O
.	O

This	O
finding	O
may	O
also	O
be	O
related	O
to	O
aging	B-PROC
per	O
se	O
.	O

PCT	B-DISO
may	O
be	O
useful	O
to	O
identify	O
severely	O
ill	B-DISO
elderly	O
patients	O
admitted	O
to	O
an	O
acute	O
geriatric	O
ward	O
but	O
not	O
to	O
discriminate	O
patients	O
with	O
infection	B-DISO
from	O
those	O
without	O
.	O

SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
mediates	O
receptor	B-FUNC
binding	I-FUNC
and	O
entry	O
by	O
its	O
spike	O
(	O
S	O
)	O
glycoprotein	B-CHED
,	O
and	O
infection	B-DISO
is	O
sensitive	O
to	O
lysosomotropic	O
agents	O
that	O
perturb	O
endosomal	O
pH	O
.	O
We	O
demonstrate	O
here	O
that	O
the	O
lysosomotropic	O
-	O
agent	O
-	O
mediated	O
block	O
to	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
CoV	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
is	O
overcome	O
by	O
protease	O
treatment	O
of	O
target	O
-	O
cell	B-COMP
-	O
associated	O
virus	B-SPEC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
A	O
framework	O
for	O
capturing	O
the	O
interactions	O
between	O
laypersons	O
'	O
understanding	O
of	O
disease	O
,	O
information	O
gathering	O
behaviors	B-PROC
,	O
and	O
actions	O
taken	O
during	O
an	O
epidemic	O
.	O

This	O
review	O
therefore	O
summarizes	O
the	O
current	O
pathophysiological	O
concepts	O
underlying	O
the	O
evolution	B-PROC
of	O
acute	O
hypoxemic	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
and	O
focuses	O
on	O
:	O
(	O
1	O
)	O
possible	O
reasons	O
for	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
ALI	O
/	O
ARDS	B-DISO
;	O
(	O
2	O
)	O
cellular	B-COMP
and	O
humoral	O
mediator	O
responses	O
leading	O
to	O
a	O
sustained	O
and	O
self	O
-	O
perpetuating	O
inflammation	B-DISO
of	O
the	O
lung	B-ANAT
;	O
(	O
3	O
)	O
consequences	O
with	O
regard	O
to	O
fluid	B-PROC
balance	I-PROC
,	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
perfusion	O
,	O
ventilation	O
,	O
and	O
efficiency	O
of	O
gas	B-ENZY
exchange	O
;	O
and	O
(	O
4	O
)	O
mechanisms	O
underlying	O
the	O
aggravating	O
complications	O
commonly	O
seen	O
in	O
ARDS	B-DISO
,	O
especially	O
ventilator	O
-	O
associated	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
,	O
ventilator	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
associated	I-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
,	O
and	O
lung	B-DISO
fibrosis	I-DISO
.	O

The	O
current	O
state	O
of	O
knowledge	O
about	O
this	O
severe	O
illness	O
and	O
its	O
associated	O
mediators	O
has	O
come	O
from	O
the	O
study	O
of	O
relevant	O
animal	B-SPEC
models	O
.	O

This	O
is	O
an	O
exciting	O
time	O
for	O
research	O
in	O
long	O
-	O
term	O
outcomes	O
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
,	O
with	O
potential	O
for	O
future	O
studies	O
that	O
validate	O
these	O
single	O
-	O
center	O
hypotheses	O
,	O
explore	O
their	O
ramifications	O
,	O
and	O
investigate	O
the	O
impacts	O
of	O
changing	O
practices	O
in	O
the	O
intensive	O
care	O
unit	O
in	O
the	O
acute	O
phase	O
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
MR	O
diffusion	O
tensor	O
imaging	O
,	O
fiber	B-ANAT
tracking	O
,	O
and	O
single	O
-	O
voxel	O
spectroscopy	O
findings	O
in	O
an	O
unusual	O
MELAS	O
case	O
.	O

Initially	O
focusing	O
on	O
the	O
diagnostic	O
value	O
of	O
PCT	B-DISO
,	O
20	O
%	O
of	O
the	O
patients	O
had	O
a	O
serum	B-COMP
PCT	B-DISO
level	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
5	O
ng	O
/	O
ml	O
,	O
30	O
%	O
between	O
0	O
.	O
5	O
ng	O
/	O
ml	O
and	O
2	O
ng	O
/	O
ml	O
,	O
and	O
50	O
%>/=	O
2	O
ng	O
/	O
ml	O
.	O

A	O
combination	O
of	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
alpha	I-PRGE
and	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
gamma	I-PRGE
strongly	O
inhibited	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
replication	O
in	O
Vero	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
,	O
while	O
the	O
single	O
cytokines	O
were	O
much	O
less	O
effective	O
.	O

This	O
study	O
provides	O
evidence	O
that	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
is	O
able	O
to	O
induce	O
in	O
normal	O
PBMC	O
a	O
coordinate	O
induction	O
of	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
alpha	I-PRGE
and	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
gamma	I-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
expression	O
.	O

Concomitant	O
activation	O
of	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
alpha	I-PRGE
and	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
gamma	I-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
expression	O
by	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
in	O
vivo	O
may	O
be	O
relevant	O
for	O
the	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
of	O
the	O
disease	O
,	O
both	O
for	O
the	O
possible	O
involvement	O
in	O
immunomediated	O
damage	O
of	O
the	O
tissues	B-ANAT
and	O
for	O
the	O
strong	O
inhibition	B-PROC
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
replication	O
as	O
a	O
result	O
of	O
combined	O
cytokine	O
action	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
caused	O
large	O
outbreaks	O
of	O
atypical	B-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
in	O
2003	O
,	O
with	O
the	O
largest	O
localized	O
outbreak	O
occurring	O
in	O
Beijing	O
,	O
China	O
.	O

The	O
lymphopenia	B-DISO
was	O
prolonged	O
,	O
reaching	B-PROC
a	O
nadir	O
during	O
days	O
7	O
-	O
9	O
in	O
the	O
second	O
week	O
of	O
illness	O
before	O
returning	O
towards	O
normal	O
after	O
five	O
weeks	O
,	O
with	O
the	O
lowest	O
mean	O
CD4	B-ANAT
+	I-ANAT
cell	B-COMP
count	O
of	O
317	O
cellsx10	O
(	O
6	O
)/	O
L	O
at	O
day	O
7	O
,	O
and	O
CD8	B-PRGE
+	I-PRGE
cell	B-COMP
count	O
of	O
239	O
cellsx10	O
(	O
6	O
)/	O
L	O
at	O
day	O
8	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
There	O
was	O
a	O
significant	O
decrease	O
in	O
the	O
CD45	B-PRGE
+,	I-PRGE
CD3	B-PRGE
+,	I-PRGE
CD4	B-PRGE
+,	I-PRGE
CD8	B-PRGE
+,	I-PRGE
CD19	B-PRGE
+	I-PRGE
and	O
CD16	B-PRGE
+/	I-PRGE
56	O
+	O
cell	B-COMP
counts	O
over	O
the	O
five	O
weeks	O
of	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
illness	O
although	O
CD4	B-PRGE
+/	I-PRGE
CD8	B-PRGE
+	I-PRGE
ratios	O
did	O
not	O
change	O
significantly	O
.	O

Blood	B-ANAT
-	O
free	O
wet	O
-	O
to	O
-	O
dry	O
ratio	O
and	O
neutrophil	B-PRGE
elastase	I-PRGE
activity	O
in	O
bronchoalveolar	B-ANAT
lavage	I-ANAT
fluid	I-ANAT
,	O
serum	B-COMP
,	O
and	O
supernatant	O
of	O
lung	B-ANAT
homogenate	O
were	O
measured	O
in	O
another	O
set	O
of	O
experiments	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
4	O
for	O
each	O
group	O
).	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Nine	O
thousand	O
one	O
hundred	O
twenty	O
-	O
six	O
with	O
blunt	O
injury	O
were	O
ICU	O
admissions	O
,	O
and	O
5	O
,	O
260	O
(	O
58	O
%)	O
met	B-CHED
study	O
criteria	O
(	O
72	O
%	O
male	O
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Genetic	O
analysis	O
of	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
spike	O
glycoprotein	B-CHED
functional	O
domains	O
involved	O
in	O
cell	B-ANAT
-	O
surface	O
expression	B-PROC
and	O
cell	B-COMP
-	O
to	O
-	O
cell	B-PROC
fusion	I-PROC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
is	O
the	O
etiological	O
agent	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
).	O

The	O
body	B-ANAT
temperature	O
of	O
the	O
infected	O
monkeys	B-SPEC
was	O
monitored	O
three	O
times	O
a	O
day	O
,	O
and	O
blood	B-ANAT
and	O
fecal	B-ANAT
samples	O
were	O
periodically	O
collected	O
for	O
specific	O
immunology	O
determinations	O
.	O

The	O
highest	O
temperature	O
in	O
the	O
animals	B-SPEC
recorded	O
was	O
40	O
.	O
4	O
degrees	O
C	O
.	O
After	O
a	O
recovery	O
phase	O
,	O
the	O
macaques	O
developed	O
a	O
second	O
febrile	B-PROC
condition	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
spike	O
(	O
S	O
)	O
protein	B-CHED
of	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
is	O
a	O
major	O
virion	B-COMP
structural	O
protein	B-CHED
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
spike	O
(	O
S	O
)	O
protein	B-CHED
,	O
a	O
main	O
surface	O
antigen	B-CHED
of	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
),	O
is	O
considered	O
to	O
be	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
most	O
important	O
protective	O
antigen	B-CHED
candidates	O
for	O
targets	O
for	O
vaccine	O
design	O
against	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
.	O

In	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
a	O
secreted	B-PROC
recombinant	O
expression	B-PROC
plasmid	O
,	O
pVAX	O
-	O
S1	O
,	O
encoding	O
the	O
partial	O
S	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
with	O
a	O
signal	O
peptide	B-CHED
,	O
was	O
constructed	O
and	O
used	O
to	O
immunize	O
BALB	O
/	O
c	O
mice	B-SPEC
through	O
electroporation	O
.	O

The	O
expressed	B-PROC
protein	B-CHED
could	O
be	O
detected	O
specifically	O
by	O
Western	O
blot	O
analysis	O
.	O

Furthermore	O
,	O
in	O
the	O
experimental	O
group	O
,	O
a	O
decrease	O
in	O
the	O
ratio	O
of	O
CD4	B-PRGE
(+)	O
to	O
CD8	B-PRGE
(+)	O
T	B-ANAT
-	I-ANAT
lymphocytes	I-ANAT
and	O
an	O
increase	O
level	O
of	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
gamma	I-PRGE
in	O
serum	B-COMP
were	O
observed	O
.	O

In	O
summary	O
,	O
at	O
least	O
one	O
selected	O
compound	O
of	O
the	O
synthesized	O
test	O
materials	O
represents	O
an	O
interesting	O
drug	O
candidate	O
for	O
treatment	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
-	O
induced	O
human	B-SPEC
disease	O
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
).	O

No	O
infectious	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
was	O
detected	O
after	O
treatment	O
when	O
up	O
to	O
one	O
-	O
third	O
of	O
the	O
APC	B-PRGE
unit	I-PRGE
was	O
assayed	O
,	O
demonstrating	O
a	O
mean	O
log10	O
-	O
reduction	O
of	O
>	O
6	O
.	O
2	O
.	O

The	O
main	O
symptoms	O
were	O
fever	B-PROC
(	O
61	O
%),	O
rhinitis	B-DISO
(	O
39	O
%),	O
bronchiolitis	B-DISO
(	O
39	O
%),	O
digestive	B-DISO
problems	I-DISO
(	O
33	O
%),	O
otitis	B-DISO
(	O
28	O
%),	O
pharyngitis	B-DISO
(	O
22	O
%),	O
and	O
conjunctivitis	B-DISO
(	O
17	O
%).	O

In	O
contrast	O
,	O
I	O
/	O
R	O
resulted	O
in	O
a	O
15	O
-	O
and	O
10	O
-	O
fold	O
increase	O
in	O
KC	O
mRNA	B-CHED
after	O
4	O
and	O
24	O
hours	O
of	O
reperfusion	O
,	O
respectively	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Numerous	O
emerging	O
respiratory	B-ANAT
tract	I-ANAT
viruses	B-SPEC
have	O
been	O
identified	O
as	O
significant	O
causes	O
of	O
acute	O
upper	O
and	O
lower	B-ANAT
respiratory	I-ANAT
tract	I-ANAT
illness	O
in	O
children	O
.	O

Human	B-SPEC
metapneumovirus	I-SPEC
is	O
a	O
paramyxovirus	O
discovered	O
in	O
2001	O
in	O
the	O
Netherlands	O
,	O
with	O
a	O
seasonal	O
occurrence	O
and	O
spectrum	O
of	O
clinical	O
illness	O
most	O
similar	O
to	O
the	O
closely	O
related	O
respiratory	B-SPEC
syncytial	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
.	O

To	O
develop	O
an	O
alternative	O
system	O
for	O
the	O
study	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
,	O
we	O
introduced	O
individual	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
genes	I-PRGE
(	O
open	O
reading	O
frames	O
[	O
ORFs	O
])	O
into	O
the	O
genome	O
of	O
an	O
attenuated	O
murine	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
.	O

One	O
protein	B-CHED
,	O
the	O
product	O
of	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
ORF6	I-PRGE
,	O
converted	O
a	O
sublethal	O
infection	B-DISO
to	O
a	O
uniformly	O
lethal	O
encephalitis	B-DISO
and	O
enhanced	O
virus	B-SPEC
growth	B-PROC
in	O
tissue	B-ANAT
culture	O
cells	B-COMP
,	O
indicating	O
that	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
proteins	B-CHED
function	O
in	O
the	O
context	O
of	O
a	O
heterologous	O
coronavirus	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
The	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
nucleocapsid	B-COMP
protein	B-CHED
is	O
phosphorylated	O
and	O
localizes	O
in	O
the	O
cytoplasm	O
by	O
14	O
-	O
3	O
-	O
3	O
-	O
mediated	O
translocation	B-DISO
.	O

Coincidentally	O
,	O
the	O
N	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
was	O
also	O
found	O
to	O
downregulate	O
the	O
expression	B-PROC
of	O
the	O
theta	O
isoform	O
of	O
14	O
-	O
3	O
-	O
3	O
(	O
14	O
-	O
3	O
-	O
3theta	O
),	O
leading	O
to	O
the	O
accumulation	O
of	O
phosphorylated	O
N	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
in	O
the	O
nucleus	B-COMP
,	O
in	O
the	O
absence	O
of	O
growth	B-PROC
factors	O
.	O

Using	O
short	O
interfering	O
RNA	O
specific	O
to	O
14	O
-	O
3	O
-	O
3theta	O
we	O
have	O
inhibited	O
its	O
expression	B-PROC
to	O
show	O
accumulation	O
of	O
phosphorylated	O
N	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
in	O
the	O
nucleus	B-COMP
.	O

Thus	O
,	O
the	O
data	O
presented	O
here	O
provide	O
a	O
possible	O
mechanism	O
for	O
phosphorylation	B-PROC
-	O
dependent	O
nucleocytoplasmic	B-PROC
shuttling	I-PROC
of	O
the	O
N	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
.	O

Due	O
to	O
the	O
low	O
positive	O
rate	O
of	O
the	O
PCR	O
for	O
SARS	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
,	O
and	O
the	O
low	O
positive	O
predictive	O
value	O
of	O
reported	O
cases	O
,	O
the	O
factuality	O
of	O
cases	O
with	O
unknown	O
sources	O
of	O
infection	B-DISO
should	O
be	O
further	O
verified	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
clinical	O
relevance	O
of	O
infections	B-DISO
with	O
the	O
novel	O
human	B-PRGE
coronavirus	I-PRGE
NL63	I-PRGE
(	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
NL63	I-SPEC
)	O
has	O
not	O
been	O
investigated	O
systematically	O
.	O

A	O
strong	O
association	O
with	O
croup	B-DISO
was	O
apparent	O
:	O
43	O
%	O
of	O
the	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
NL63	I-SPEC
-	O
positive	O
patients	O
with	O
high	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
NL63	I-SPEC
load	O
and	O
absence	O
of	O
co	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
suffered	B-DISO
from	O
croup	B-DISO
,	O
compared	O
to	O
6	O
%	O
in	O
the	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
NL63	I-SPEC
-	O
negative	O
group	O
,	O
p	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
0001	O
.	O

Till	O
now	O
,	O
there	O
is	O
no	O
report	O
about	O
the	O
function	O
of	O
3b	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
.	O

When	O
a	O
given	O
concentration	O
of	O
particulate	O
sarin	O
simulant	O
was	O
introduced	O
into	O
the	O
contaminated	O
area	O
,	O
it	O
could	O
not	O
be	O
detected	O
in	O
either	O
the	O
semicontaminated	O
area	O
or	O
clean	O
area	O
,	O
and	O
particles	O
>	O
0	O
.	O
3	O
microm	O
in	O
size	O
were	O
not	O
detected	O
in	O
the	O
exhaust	O
air	B-CHED
.	O

On	O
the	O
basis	O
of	O
this	O
,	O
further	O
cynomolgus	O
and	O
rhesus	B-SPEC
macaques	I-SPEC
were	O
selected	O
and	O
experimentally	O
inoculated	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
,	O
the	O
quality	O
they	O
serve	O
as	O
animal	B-SPEC
model	O
for	O
SARS	B-DISO
was	O
evaluated	O
.	O

After	O
inoculated	O
with	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
,	O
all	O
inoculated	O
cynomolgus	O
and	O
rhesus	B-SPEC
macaques	I-SPEC
had	O
developed	O
interstitial	B-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
of	O
differing	O
severity	O
.	O

Except	O
interstitial	B-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
,	O
no	O
other	O
characterized	O
pathological	O
changes	O
were	O
observed	O
.	O

Anti	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
SARS	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
IgG	B-COMP
antibody	I-COMP
was	O
detected	O
using	O
indirect	O
immunofluorescence	O
technique	O
and	O
quantified	O
by	O
two	O
-	O
fold	O
serial	O
dilutions	O
.	O

Correlations	O
between	O
IgG	B-PRGE
levels	O
and	O
important	O
laboratory	O
parameters	O
were	O
assessed	O
.	O

A	O
total	O
of	O
325	O
laboratory	O
-	O
confirmed	O
SARS	O
cases	O
were	O
analyzed	O
;	O
of	O
which	O
301	O
(	O
92	O
.	O
6	O
%)	O
had	O
anti	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
SARS	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
IgG	I-PRGE
detected	O
in	O
their	O
sera	B-COMP
at	O
the	O
time	O
of	O
sampling	O
.	O

Diagnosing	O
the	O
disease	O
effectively	O
and	O
accurately	O
at	O
early	O
stage	O
is	O
essential	O
for	O
preventing	O
the	O
disease	B-DISO
transmission	I-DISO
and	O
performing	O
antiviral	B-CHED
treatment	O
.	O

The	O
results	O
showed	O
that	O
all	O
of	O
the	O
six	O
raised	O
mAbs	O
were	O
divided	O
into	O
two	O
groups	O
recognizing	O
the	O
region	O
of	O
amino	B-CHED
acids	I-CHED
249	O
-	O
317	O
(	O
A	O
group	O
)	O
or	O
317	O
-	O
395	O
(	O
B	O
group	O
).	O

This	O
region	O
spanning	O
amino	B-CHED
acids	I-CHED
249	O
-	O
395	O
contains	O
predominant	O
B	B-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
epitopes	O
located	O
at	O
the	O
C	O
-	O
terminus	O
of	O
N	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
.	O

Knowledge	O
and	O
attitude	O
of	O
respondents	O
concerning	O
SARS	B-DISO
were	O
good	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Chloroquine	B-CHED
is	O
a	O
potent	O
inhibitor	B-CHED
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
and	O
spread	O
.	O

We	O
report	O
,	O
however	O
,	O
that	O
chloroquine	B-CHED
has	O
strong	O
antiviral	B-CHED
effects	O
on	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
CoV	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
of	O
primate	B-SPEC
cells	B-COMP
.	O

In	O
addition	O
to	O
the	O
well	O
-	O
known	O
functions	O
of	O
chloroquine	B-CHED
such	O
as	O
elevations	O
of	O
endosomal	O
pH	O
,	O
the	O
drug	O
appears	O
to	O
interfere	O
with	O
terminal	B-PROC
glycosylation	I-PROC
of	O
the	O
cellular	B-COMP
receptor	O
,	O
angiotensin	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
converting	I-PRGE
enzyme	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
.	O

This	O
may	O
negatively	O
influence	O
the	O
virus	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
receptor	B-FUNC
binding	I-FUNC
and	O
abrogate	O
the	O
infection	B-DISO
,	O
with	O
further	O
ramifications	O
by	O
the	O
elevation	O
of	O
vesicular	O
pH	O
,	O
resulting	O
in	O
the	O
inhibition	B-PROC
of	O
infection	B-DISO
and	O
spread	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
CoV	O
at	O
clinically	O
admissible	O
concentrations	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Anti	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
SARS	I-PRGE
coronavirus	B-SPEC
3C	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
like	I-PRGE
protease	I-PRGE
effects	O
of	O
Isatis	B-SPEC
indigotica	I-SPEC
root	B-ANAT
and	O
plant	B-SPEC
-	O
derived	O
phenolic	O
compounds	O
.	O

Here	O
,	O
we	O
report	O
a	O
possible	O
mechanism	O
for	O
the	O
extensive	O
damage	O
seen	O
in	O
the	O
major	O
target	O
organs	B-ANAT
for	O
this	O
disease	O
.	O

A	O
recent	O
study	O
of	O
the	O
cell	B-COMP
entry	O
mechanism	O
of	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
reveals	O
that	O
it	O
takes	O
an	O
endosomal	O
pathway	B-PROC
.	O

We	O
found	O
that	O
proteases	O
such	O
as	O
trypsin	B-PRGE
and	O
thermolysin	B-ENZY
enabled	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
adsorbed	O
onto	O
the	O
cell	B-COMP
surface	I-COMP
to	O
enter	O
cells	B-COMP
directly	O
from	O
that	O
site	O
.	O

Likewise	O
,	O
elastase	B-PRGE
,	O
a	O
major	O
protease	O
produced	O
in	O
the	O
lungs	B-ANAT
during	O
inflammation	B-DISO
,	O
also	O
enhanced	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
CoV	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
in	O
cultured	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
We	O
have	O
developed	O
a	O
surveillance	O
system	O
that	O
can	O
detect	O
a	O
severe	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
outbreak	O
in	O
a	O
hospital	O
as	O
quickly	O
as	O
possible	O
using	O
the	O
""""	O
SARS	B-DISO
alert	O
""""	O
strategy	O
proposed	O
by	O
the	O
World	O
Health	O
Organization	O
(	O
WHO	O
).	O

We	O
defined	O
patients	O
with	O
a	O
fever	B-PROC
of	O
over	O
38	O
degrees	O
C	O
and	O
respiratory	B-DISO
symptoms	I-DISO
as	O
""""	O
cases	O
with	O
acute	O
respiratory	B-DISO
symptoms	I-DISO
.	O

The	O
siRNAs	O
used	O
provided	O
relief	O
from	O
SCV	B-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
-	O
induced	O
fever	B-PROC
,	O
diminished	O
SCV	B-SPEC
viral	O
levels	O
and	O
reduced	O
acute	O
diffuse	O
alveoli	B-ANAT
damage	O
.	O

The	O
purpose	O
of	O
this	O
article	O
is	O
to	O
review	O
the	O
Hong	O
Kong	O
'	O
s	O
response	O
to	O
SARS	B-DISO
from	O
the	O
perspective	O
of	O
two	O
inquiries	O
.	O

A	O
future	O
follow	O
-	O
up	O
study	O
of	O
the	O
Hong	O
Kong	O
government	O
and	O
health	O
system	O
'	O
s	O
capacity	O
to	O
respond	O
to	O
infectious	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
outbreaks	O
would	O
be	O
useful	O
.	O

No	O
other	O
article	O
reviews	O
the	O
Hong	O
Kong	O
health	O
system	O
'	O
s	O
SARS	B-DISO
response	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
A	O
preliminary	O
study	O
of	O
the	O
structure	O
prediction	O
and	O
expression	B-PROC
of	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
spike	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
].	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
In	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
the	O
encoding	O
sequences	O
of	O
SARS	O
-	O
CoV	O
spike	O
protein	B-CHED
were	O
analyzed	O
by	O
bioinformatics	O
methods	O
,	O
the	O
structural	O
characteristics	O
and	O
functions	O
were	O
forecasted	O
based	O
on	O
available	O
data	O
.	O

The	O
Kolmogorov	O
-	O
Smirnov	O
test	O
showed	O
that	O
the	O
neutralizing	O
antibody	B-COMP
titers	O
conform	O
to	O
normal	O
distribution	O
,	O
which	O
suggests	O
that	O
the	O
average	O
anti	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
SARS	I-PRGE
antibody	B-COMP
level	O
in	O
this	O
study	O
was	O
representative	O
of	O
the	O
convalescent	O
antibody	O
level	O
of	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
population	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
outbreak	O
of	O
severe	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
was	O
caused	O
by	O
a	O
newly	O
identified	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
in	O
2003	O
.	O

The	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
S	O
,	O
-	O
M	O
,	O
and	O
-	O
N	O
primer	O
/	O
probe	O
sets	O
described	O
in	O
this	O
paper	O
could	O
detect	O
one	O
to	O
ten	O
copies	O
of	O
in	O
vitro	O
transcribed	O
S	O
,	O
M	O
,	O
and	O
N	O
RNA	O
per	O
test	O
using	O
both	O
the	O
ABI	O
and	O
Roche	O
assay	O
systems	O
.	O

The	O
relative	O
sensitivities	O
for	O
detecting	O
cell	B-COMP
culture	O
-	O
derived	O
SARS	O
-	O
CoV	O
were	O
0	O
.	O
01	O
,	O
0	O
.	O
01	O
,	O
and	O
0	O
.	O
001	O
PFU	B-CHED
/	O
test	O
,	O
respectively	O
.	O

In	O
addition	O
,	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
S	O
and	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
M	O
also	O
demonstrated	O
equivalent	O
sensitivity	O
to	O
the	O
commercially	O
available	O
RealArt	O
HPA	B-CHED
-	O
Coronavirus	B-SPEC
reagents	B-CHED
(	O
Artus	O
).	O

Therefore	O
,	O
not	O
only	O
is	O
it	O
compatible	O
with	O
the	O
ABI	O
and	O
Roche	O
systems	O
,	O
this	O
multiple	O
-	O
gene	O
detection	O
assay	O
also	O
has	O
the	O
merit	O
of	O
being	O
a	O
rapid	O
,	O
safe	O
,	O
sensitive	O
,	O
and	O
specific	O
tool	O
for	O
accurate	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
CoV	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
.	O

To	O
further	O
characterize	O
the	O
role	O
of	O
glycosylation	B-PROC
and	O
identify	O
residues	O
important	O
for	O
its	O
function	O
as	O
an	O
interacting	O
partner	O
of	O
ACE2	B-PRGE
,	O
we	O
have	O
cloned	O
,	O
expressed	B-PROC
and	O
characterized	O
various	O
soluble	O
fragments	O
of	O
S	O
containing	O
RBD	O
,	O
and	O
mutated	O
all	O
potential	O
glycosylation	B-PROC
sites	O
and	O
32	O
other	O
residues	O
.	O

Mutation	O
of	O
each	O
of	O
these	O
sites	O
to	O
either	O
alanine	O
or	O
glutamine	B-CHED
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
mutation	O
of	O
residue	O
318	O
to	O
alanine	B-CHED
in	O
longer	O
fragments	O
resulted	O
in	O
the	O
same	O
decrease	O
of	O
molecular	O
weight	O
(	O
by	O
approximately	O
3	O
kDa	O
)	O
suggesting	O
that	O
all	O
glycosylation	B-PROC
sites	O
are	O
functional	O
.	O

Simultaneous	O
mutation	O
of	O
all	O
glycosylation	B-PROC
sites	O
resulted	O
in	O
lack	O
of	O
expression	B-PROC
suggesting	O
that	O
at	O
least	O
one	O
glycosylation	B-PROC
site	O
(	O
any	O
of	O
the	O
three	O
)	O
is	O
required	O
for	O
expression	B-PROC
.	O

Predisposing	O
events	O
included	O
sepsis	B-DISO
(	O
3	O
patients	O
),	O
pneumomia	O
(	O
7	O
patients	O
),	O
pancreatitis	B-DISO
(	O
1	O
patient	O
)	O
and	O
two	O
children	O
with	O
other	O
infections	B-DISO
.	O

Only	O
one	O
patient	O
developed	O
an	O
air	B-CHED
leak	O
complication	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Pregnancy	O
outcome	O
after	O
exposure	O
to	O
injectable	O
ribavirin	B-CHED
during	O
embryogenesis	B-PROC
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Many	O
inflammatory	O
and	O
anti	O
-	O
viral	O
genes	O
were	O
differentially	O
expressed	B-PROC
in	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
genus	B-SPEC
Coronavirus	B-SPEC
contains	O
about	O
25	O
species	B-SPEC
of	O
coronaviruses	O
(	O
CoVs	O
),	O
which	O
are	O
important	O
pathogens	O
causing	O
highly	O
prevalent	O
diseases	O
and	O
often	O
severe	O
or	O
fatal	O
in	O
humans	B-SPEC
and	O
animals	B-SPEC
.	O

No	O
licensed	O
specific	O
drugs	O
are	O
available	O
to	O
prevent	O
their	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

A	O
structure	O
-	O
assisted	O
optimization	O
program	O
has	O
yielded	O
compounds	O
with	O
fast	B-FUNC
in	O
vitro	O
inactivation	B-DISO
of	O
multiple	O
CoV	B-PRGE
M	I-PRGE
(	I-PRGE
pro	I-PRGE
)	I-PRGE
s	I-PRGE
,	O
potent	O
antiviral	B-CHED
activity	O
,	O
and	O
extremely	O
low	O
cellular	B-COMP
toxicity	O
in	O
cell	B-COMP
-	O
based	O
assays	O
.	O

Based	O
on	O
the	O
clinical	O
data	O
collected	O
previously	O
,	O
the	O
available	O
literature	O
and	O
our	O
in	O
vitro	O
experimentation	O
,	O
we	O
propose	O
that	O
IFN	O
-	O
gamma	O
may	O
be	O
responsible	O
for	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
in	O
the	O
late	O
phase	O
of	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
pathology	B-DISO
.	O

Data	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
cases	O
reported	O
from	O
the	O
Beijing	O
Municipal	O
Centers	O
for	O
Disease	O
Prevention	O
and	O
Control	O
(	O
BCDC	O
)	O
were	O
collected	O
and	O
analyzed	O
by	O
descriptive	O
epidemiology	O
.	O

After	O
eluted	O
from	O
the	O
surfaces	O
of	O
wafers	O
,	O
the	O
infectivity	O
of	O
viruses	B-SPEC
and	O
propagation	O
of	O
bacteria	B-SPEC
were	O
measured	O
.	O

Exposures	O
to	O
the	O
surfaces	O
of	O
Ag	O
/	O
Al2O3	B-CHED
and	O
Cu	O
/	O
Al2O3	B-CHED
destroy	O
the	O
replication	O
and	O
propagation	O
abilities	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
,	O
baculovirus	B-SPEC
and	O
E	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
coli	I-SPEC
.	O

In	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
a	O
recombinant	O
protein	B-CHED
(	O
rS268	O
,	O
corresponding	O
to	O
residues	O
268	O
-	O
1255	O
of	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
S	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
)	O
was	O
expressed	B-PROC
in	O
Escherichia	B-SPEC
coli	I-SPEC
and	O
was	O
purified	O
to	O
near	O
homogeneity	O
.	O

These	O
models	O
can	O
be	O
viewed	O
as	O
age	O
of	O
infection	B-DISO
epidemic	O
models	O
and	O
analyzed	O
using	O
the	O
approach	O
of	O
the	O
full	O
Kermack	O
-	O
McKendrick	O
model	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
A	O
prospective	O
study	O
was	O
undertaken	O
to	O
identify	O
clinical	O
,	O
radiographical	O
,	O
haematological	O
and	O
biochemical	O
profiles	O
of	O
severe	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
patients	O
.	O

We	O
sought	O
to	O
determine	O
whether	O
pneumothoraces	O
are	O
induced	O
by	O
high	O
ventilatory	O
pressure	O
or	O
volume	O
and	O
if	O
they	O
are	O
associated	O
with	O
mortality	O
in	O
mechanically	O
ventilated	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
.	O

The	O
mechanically	O
ventilated	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
were	O
divided	O
into	O
two	O
groups	O
either	O
with	O
or	O
without	O
pneumothorax	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Intra	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
abdominal	I-DISO
hypertension	I-DISO
in	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
acute	B-DISO
pancreatitis	I-DISO
.	O

The	O
incidence	O
of	O
organ	B-ANAT
dysfunction	O
was	O
high	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
IAH	B-FUNC
:	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
95	O
%,	O
cardiovascular	B-ANAT
failure	O
91	O
%,	O
and	O
renal	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
86	O
%.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
escalating	O
number	O
of	O
emergency	O
department	O
(	O
ED	O
)	O
visits	O
,	O
length	O
of	O
stay	O
,	O
and	O
hospital	O
overcrowding	O
have	O
been	O
associated	O
with	O
an	O
increasing	O
number	O
of	O
critically	B-DISO
ill	I-DISO
patients	O
cared	O
for	O
in	O
the	O
ED	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
An	O
interesting	O
question	O
posed	O
by	O
the	O
current	O
evidence	O
that	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
may	O
be	O
originated	O
from	O
an	O
animal	B-SPEC
coronavirus	B-SPEC
is	O
how	O
such	O
an	O
animal	B-SPEC
coronavirus	B-SPEC
breaks	O
the	O
host	B-COMP
species	B-SPEC
barrier	O
and	O
becomes	O
zoonotic	O
.	O

The	O
objective	O
of	O
the	O
present	O
study	O
was	O
to	O
develop	O
a	O
multiplex	O
polymerase	O
chain	O
reaction	O
(	O
PCR	O
)	O
method	O
for	O
differential	O
detection	O
of	O
turkey	B-SPEC
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
TCoV	O
),	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
IBV	B-SPEC
),	O
and	O
bovine	B-SPEC
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
BCoV	O
).	O

This	O
is	O
the	O
first	O
complete	O
torovirus	B-SPEC
genome	O
sequence	O
to	O
be	O
reported	O
.	O

Sequence	O
alignments	O
and	O
protein	O
secondary	O
structure	O
prediction	O
data	O
suggest	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
a	O
3C	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
like	I-PRGE
serine	I-PRGE
protease	I-PRGE
domain	I-PRGE
with	O
similarity	O
to	O
the	O
arterivirus	B-SPEC
3C	B-ENZY
-	I-ENZY
like	I-ENZY
serine	I-ENZY
protease	I-ENZY
and	O
a	O
single	O
papain	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
like	I-PRGE
cysteine	B-CHED
protease	I-PRGE
domain	I-PRGE
with	O
similarity	O
to	O
the	O
picornavirus	B-SPEC
leader	O
protease	O
.	O

Within	O
the	O
pp1b	B-PRGE
sequence	I-PRGE
the	I-PRGE
polymerase	I-PRGE
and	O
helicase	B-PRGE
domains	O
were	O
identified	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
sequences	O
predicted	O
to	O
be	O
involved	O
in	O
ribosomal	B-PROC
frameshifting	I-PROC
,	O
including	O
the	O
conserved	O
slippery	O
sequence	O
UUUAAAC	O
and	O
two	O
potential	O
pseudoknot	O
structures	O
.	O

Twenty	O
-	O
seven	O
novel	O
signature	O
variation	O
residues	O
(	O
SNVs	O
)	O
were	O
identified	O
on	O
the	O
spike	O
gene	O
and	O
were	O
analyzed	O
for	O
their	O
phylogenetic	O
relationships	O
,	O
based	O
on	O
17	O
sequences	O
obtained	O
from	O
animals	B-SPEC
in	O
our	O
study	O
and	O
from	O
other	O
published	O
studies	O
.	O

Initially	O
,	O
seven	O
SNV	O
sites	O
caused	O
six	O
amino	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
changes	O
,	O
at	O
positions	O
147	O
,	O
228	O
,	O
240	O
,	O
479	O
,	O
821	O
,	O
and	O
1080	O
of	O
the	O
spike	O
protein	B-CHED
,	O
to	O
generate	O
low	O
-	O
pathogenicity	O
viruses	B-SPEC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Survival	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
.	O

Furthermore	O
,	O
NF	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
kappaB	I-PRGE
activation	I-PROC
in	O
Vero	O
E6	O
cells	O
expressing	O
the	O
N	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
is	O
dose	O
-	O
dependent	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
A	O
dataset	O
of	O
103	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
isolates	O
(	O
101	O
human	O
patients	O
and	O
2	O
palm	B-ANAT
civets	B-SPEC
)	O
was	O
investigated	O
on	O
different	O
aspects	O
of	O
genome	O
polymorphism	B-PROC
and	O
isolate	O
classification	O
.	O

Distribution	O
of	O
substitution	O
categories	O
per	O
codon	O
positions	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
synonymous	O
and	O
non	O
-	O
synonymous	O
substitutions	O
in	O
coding	O
regions	O
of	O
annotated	O
isolates	O
,	O
was	O
determined	O
,	O
along	O
with	O
amino	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
(	O
a	O
.	O
a	O
.)	O
property	O
changes	O
.	O

Similar	O
analysis	O
was	O
performed	O
for	O
the	O
spike	O
(	O
S	O
)	O
protein	B-CHED
in	O
all	O
the	O
isolates	O
(	O
55	O
of	O
them	O
being	O
predicted	O
for	O
the	O
first	O
time	O
).	O

Peak	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
NL63	I-SPEC
activity	O
occurred	O
in	O
March	O
.	O

Several	O
physicians	O
(	O
10	O
.	O
9	O
%)	O
reported	O
entering	O
the	O
hospital	O
despite	O
experiencing	O
identified	O
SARS	B-DISO
symptoms	O
.	O

Although	O
the	O
exact	O
mechanism	O
linking	O
sleep	B-DISO
apnea	I-DISO
with	O
cardiovascular	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
is	O
unknown	O
,	O
there	O
is	O
evidence	O
that	O
obstructive	O
apnea	B-DISO
is	O
associated	O
with	O
a	O
group	O
of	O
proinflammatory	O
and	O
prothrombic	O
factors	O
that	O
are	O
also	O
important	O
in	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
atherosclerosis	B-DISO
.	O

Apnea	B-DISO
,	O
hypoxia	B-DISO
,	O
CO2	B-DISO
retention	B-PROC
and	O
arousals	O
provoke	O
elevated	O
sympathetic	O
activity	O
,	O
increased	O
afterload	O
and	O
elevated	O
left	O
ventricular	B-ANAT
transmural	O
pressure	O
,	O
and	O
promote	O
the	O
progression	O
of	O
heart	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Hematopoietic	B-ANAT
stem	I-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
transplantation	O
for	O
Shwachman	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
Diamond	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
:	O
experience	O
of	O
the	O
French	O
neutropenia	O
registry	O
.	O

Our	O
objective	O
was	O
to	O
study	O
the	O
outcome	O
of	O
allogeneic	O
hematopoietic	O
stem	O
cell	O
transplantation	O
(	O
HSCT	O
)	O
for	O
Shwachman	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
Diamond	I-DISO
Syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SDS	B-DISO
).	O

The	O
conditioning	O
regimen	O
consisted	O
of	O
a	O
busulfan	B-CHED
-	O
cyclophosphamide	B-CHED
combination	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
6	O
)	O
or	O
total	O
body	B-ANAT
irradiation	O
plus	O
chemotherapy	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
4	O
).	O

These	O
latter	O
two	O
patients	O
died	B-PROC
of	O
infections	B-DISO
32	O
and	O
36	O
days	O
after	O
HSCT	O
,	O
with	O
grade	O
IV	O
graft	O
-	O
versus	O
-	O
host	B-COMP
disease	O
and	O
multiorgan	O
dysfunction	O
.	O

We	O
conclude	O
that	O
HSCT	O
is	O
feasible	O
for	O
patients	O
with	O
SDS	B-DISO
who	O
develop	O
bone	B-DISO
marrow	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
or	O
malignant	B-DISO
transformation	I-DISO
.	O

The	O
results	O
showed	O
the	O
neutralization	O
titres	O
of	O
F	O
(	O
ab	O
')	O
2	O
from	O
three	O
horses	B-SPEC
all	O
reached	O
at	O
least	O
1	O
:	O
1600	O
,	O
and	O
50	O
microg	O
of	O
the	O
F	O
(	O
ab	O
')	O
2	O
fragments	O
could	O
completely	O
neutralize	O
1x10	O
(	O
4	O
)	O
TCID50	O
-	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
in	O
vivo	O
.	O

Five	O
of	O
these	O
peptides	B-CHED
showed	O
high	O
cross	O
-	O
immunoreactivities	O
(	O
approximately	O
66	O
.	O
7	O
to	O
90	O
.	O
5	O
%)	O
to	O
SARS	B-DISO
convalescent	O
patients	O
'	O
sera	B-COMP
from	O
the	O
severest	O
epidemic	O
regions	O
of	O
the	O
China	O
mainland	O
.	O

Most	O
interestingly	O
,	O
S	O
(	O
471	O
-	O
503	O
),	O
a	O
peptide	B-CHED
located	O
at	O
the	O
receptor	B-FUNC
binding	I-FUNC
domain	O
(	O
RBD	O
)	O
of	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
,	O
could	O
specifically	O
block	O
the	O
binding	B-FUNC
between	O
the	O
RBD	O
and	O
angiotensin	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
converting	I-PRGE
enzyme	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
,	O
resulting	O
in	O
the	O
inhibition	B-PROC
of	O
SARS	O
-	O
CoV	O
entrance	O
into	O
host	B-COMP
cells	B-COMP
in	O
vitro	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Using	O
an	O
integrated	O
infection	B-DISO
control	O
strategy	O
during	O
outbreak	O
control	O
to	O
minimize	O
nosocomial	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
among	O
healthcare	O
workers	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Response	O
of	O
acoustic	O
transmission	O
to	O
positive	O
airway	B-ANAT
pressure	O
therapy	O
in	O
experimental	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
.	O

Prospective	O
experimental	O
study	O
in	O
the	O
animal	B-SPEC
laboratory	O
in	O
an	O
academic	O
medical	O
center	O
.	O

Acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
causes	O
regional	O
acoustic	O
transmission	O
abnormalities	O
that	O
are	O
reversed	O
during	O
alveolar	B-ANAT
recruitment	B-DISO
with	O
PEEP	B-CHED
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Bcl	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
inhibits	O
the	O
caspase	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
dependent	I-PROC
apoptosis	B-PATH
induced	O
by	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
without	O
affecting	O
virus	B-SPEC
replication	I-PROC
kinetics	O
.	O

Finally	O
,	O
matched	O
duplexes	O
were	O
detected	O
by	O
using	O
a	O
laser	B-SPEC
-	O
induced	O
fluorescence	O
scanner	O
.	O

The	O
usefulness	O
of	O
this	O
method	O
was	O
illustrated	O
by	O
analyzing	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
RNA	O
.	O

In	O
conclusion	O
,	O
we	O
demonstrate	O
that	O
a	O
3	O
-	O
D	O
structure	O
can	O
be	O
defined	O
from	O
a	O
2	O
-	O
D	O
membrane	B-COMP
patterned	O
image	O
and	O
that	O
a	O
SARS	B-DISO
viral	O
associated	O
membrane	B-COMP
change	O
has	O
been	O
identified	O
as	O
cubic	O
membrane	B-COMP
morphology	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
is	O
frequently	O
complicated	O
by	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
requiring	O
ventilatory	O
support	O
.	O

We	O
aimed	O
to	O
compare	O
the	O
efficacy	O
of	O
non	O
-	O
invasive	O
ventilation	O
against	O
invasive	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
treating	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
in	O
this	O
disease	O
.	O

Compared	O
to	O
IMV	O
Hospitals	O
(	O
451	O
patients	O
),	O
NIV	O
Hospital	O
had	O
lower	O
adjusted	O
odds	O
ratios	O
for	O
intubation	O
(	O
0	O
.	O
36	O
,	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
0	O
.	O
164	O
-	O
0	O
.	O
791	O
,	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
011	O
)	O
and	O
death	B-PROC
(	O
0	O
.	O
235	O
,	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
0	O
.	O
077	O
-	O
0	O
.	O
716	O
,	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
011	O
),	O
and	O
improved	O
earlier	O
after	O
pulsed	O
steroid	B-CHED
rescue	O
.	O

There	O
were	O
no	O
instances	O
of	O
transmission	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
among	O
health	O
care	O
workers	O
due	O
to	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
non	O
-	O
invasive	O
ventilation	O
.	O

Compared	O
to	O
invasive	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
,	O
non	O
-	O
invasive	O
ventilation	O
as	O
initial	O
ventilatory	O
support	O
for	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
in	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
appeared	O
to	O
be	O
associated	O
with	O
reduced	O
intubation	O
need	O
and	O
mortality	O
.	O

A	O
novel	O
virus	B-SPEC
belonging	O
to	O
the	O
Coronaviridae	B-SPEC
family	B-SPEC
was	O
found	O
to	O
be	O
a	O
cause	O
of	O
this	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

Since	O
this	O
case	O
occurred	O
,	O
our	O
intensive	O
care	O
unit	O
has	O
instituted	O
recommendations	O
for	O
the	O
prevention	O
of	O
lorazepam	B-CHED
-	O
associated	O
propylene	B-CHED
glycol	I-CHED
toxicity	O
.	O

Here	O
,	O
we	O
describe	O
evidence	O
that	O
stem	B-ANAT
-	O
loop	O
IV	O
,	O
a	O
bulged	O
stem	B-ANAT
-	O
loop	O
mapping	O
at	O
nt	O
186	O
through	O
215	O
,	O
(	O
i	O
)	O
is	O
phylogenetically	O
conserved	O
among	O
group	O
2	O
coronaviruses	O
and	O
may	O
have	O
a	O
homolog	O
in	O
groups	O
1	O
and	O
3	O
,	O
(	O
ii	O
)	O
exists	O
as	O
a	O
higher	O
-	O
order	B-SPEC
structure	O
on	O
the	O
basis	O
of	O
enzyme	O
probing	O
,	O
(	O
iii	O
)	O
is	O
required	O
as	O
a	O
higher	O
-	O
order	B-SPEC
element	O
for	O
replication	O
of	O
a	O
BCoV	O
defective	O
interfering	B-PRGE
(	I-PRGE
DI	I-PRGE
)	I-PRGE
RNA	I-PRGE
in	O
the	O
positive	O
but	O
not	O
the	O
negative	O
strand	O
,	O
and	O
(	O
iv	O
)	O
as	O
a	O
higher	O
-	O
order	B-SPEC
structure	O
in	O
wild	O
-	O
type	O
(	O
wt	O
)	O
and	O
mutant	B-DISO
molecules	O
that	O
replicate	O
,	O
specifically	O
binds	B-FUNC
six	O
cellular	B-COMP
proteins	B-CHED
in	O
the	O
molecular	O
mass	O
range	O
of	O
25	O
to	O
58	O
kDa	O
as	O
determined	O
by	O
electrophoretic	O
mobility	O
shift	O
and	O
UV	O
cross	O
-	O
linking	O
assays	O
;	O
binding	O
to	O
viral	O
proteins	B-CHED
was	O
not	O
detected	O
.	O

We	O
observed	O
many	O
petechias	O
and	O
ecchymoses	O
which	O
suggested	O
vascular	B-ANAT
haemorrhagic	B-DISO
diathesis	I-DISO
.	O

It	O
was	O
found	O
that	O
the	O
patient	O
had	O
disseminated	B-DISO
intravascular	I-DISO
coagulation	I-DISO
and	O
rhabdomyolysis	B-DISO
with	O
acute	B-DISO
renal	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
which	O
was	O
treated	O
by	O
dialysis	B-SPEC
.	O

The	O
presence	O
of	O
high	O
concentration	O
of	O
amphetamine	B-CHED
,	O
MDMA	B-CHED
and	O
THC	B-DISO
in	O
blood	B-ANAT
,	O
extreme	O
dehydration	B-DISO
and	O
electrolytes	O
disturbances	O
caused	O
rhabdomyolysis	B-DISO
,	O
DIC	B-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
and	O
acute	B-DISO
renal	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
which	O
make	O
the	O
prognosis	O
worse	O
and	O
complicate	O
the	O
treatment	O
.	O

The	O
patient	O
is	O
alive	O
(	O
what	O
is	O
a	O
big	O
success	O
),	O
probably	O
thanks	O
to	O
quick	O
arrival	O
to	O
specialized	O
medical	O
centre	O
and	O
dialysis	B-SPEC
treatment	O
which	O
was	O
started	O
early	O
.	O

Ninety	O
-	O
four	O
patients	O
who	O
recovered	O
from	O
SARS	B-DISO
were	O
assessed	O
at	O
a	O
uniform	O
time	O
point	O
of	O
1	O
year	O
after	O
hospital	O
discharge	B-ANAT
.	O

There	O
was	O
one	O
patient	O
(	O
1	O
%)	O
who	O
had	O
moderate	O
impairment	B-DISO
of	O
FVC	B-PROC
,	O
one	O
patient	O
(	O
1	O
%)	O
who	O
had	O
moderate	O
impairment	B-DISO
of	O
the	O
FEV1	O
/	O
FVC	B-PROC
ratio	O
,	O
and	O
three	O
patients	O
(	O
3	O
%)	O
who	O
had	O
moderate	O
impairment	B-DISO
of	O
the	O
D	O
(	O
LCO	B-CHED
).	O

Findings	O
on	O
presentation	O
included	O
tachycardia	O
and	O
tachypnoea	B-DISO
in	O
all	O
foals	O
,	O
with	O
fever	B-PROC
recorded	O
in	O
8	O
cases	O
.	O

All	O
foals	O
were	O
treated	O
with	O
intranasal	O
oxygen	B-CHED
and	O
antimicrobial	B-CHED
drugs	I-CHED
;	O
13	O
received	O
corticosteroids	B-CHED
.	O

Follow	O
-	O
up	O
was	O
available	O
for	O
7	O
foals	O
;	O
all	O
performed	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
age	O
mates	B-SPEC
or	O
siblings	O
,	O
and	O
one	O
was	O
racing	O
successfully	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Structure	O
of	O
SARS	B-PRGE
coronavirus	B-SPEC
spike	I-PRGE
receptor	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
binding	B-FUNC
domain	I-PRGE
complexed	O
with	O
receptor	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Facing	O
SARS	B-DISO
:	O
psychological	B-DISO
impacts	O
on	O
SARS	B-DISO
team	O
nurses	O
and	O
psychiatric	O
services	O
in	O
a	O
Taiwan	O
general	O
hospital	O
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
This	O
study	O
reinforces	O
the	O
importance	O
and	O
benefits	O
of	O
psychiatric	O
services	O
for	O
SARS	B-DISO
team	O
members	O
in	O
reducing	O
their	O
secondary	O
traumatization	O
.	O

Neutralizing	O
antibody	B-COMP
to	O
human	B-PRGE
SARS	B-DISO
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
also	O
was	O
detected	O
in	O
bats	B-SPEC
with	O
lower	O
viral	O
loads	O
.	O

The	O
widespread	O
use	O
of	O
qRT	O
-	O
PCR	O
assays	O
for	O
diagnosis	O
and	O
the	O
detection	O
of	O
disease	O
-	O
specific	O
prognostic	O
markers	O
in	O
leukaemia	B-DISO
patients	O
provide	O
further	O
examples	O
of	O
their	O
usefulness	O
.	O

Successful	O
control	O
of	O
the	O
global	O
SARS	B-DISO
epidemic	O
will	O
require	O
rapid	O
and	O
sensitive	O
diagnostic	O
tests	O
to	O
monitor	O
its	O
spread	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
,	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
vaccines	O
and	O
new	O
antiviral	B-CHED
compounds	O
including	O
neutralizing	O
antibodies	B-COMP
that	O
effectively	O
prevent	O
or	O
treat	O
this	O
disease	O
.	O

For	O
the	O
discovery	O
of	O
a	O
novel	O
efficient	O
way	O
to	O
modify	O
oligonucleotides	B-CHED
,	O
a	O
series	O
of	O
single	O
isonucleotide	O
-	O
incorporated	O
antisense	O
oligodeoxynucleotides	O
have	O
been	O
synthesized	O
,	O
in	O
which	O
an	O
isonucleotide	O
was	O
introduced	O
at	O
different	O
positions	O
of	O
the	O
sequences	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
pentameric	O
B	O
subunit	O
of	O
Escherichia	B-SPEC
coli	I-SPEC
heat	O
-	O
labile	O
enterotoxin	O
(	O
LTB	O
)	O
can	O
be	O
used	O
as	O
an	O
efficient	O
mucosal	B-ANAT
carrier	O
of	O
either	O
immunogenic	O
or	O
tolerogenic	O
T	B-ANAT
-	I-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
epitopes	O
.	O

Co	O
-	O
delivery	O
of	O
therapeutic	O
proteins	B-CHED
with	O
carrier	O
proteins	B-CHED
could	O
increase	O
the	O
effectiveness	O
of	O
the	O
antigen	B-CHED
.	O

This	O
suggested	O
that	O
the	O
fusion	O
protein	B-CHED
retained	O
both	O
its	O
native	O
antigenicity	O
and	O
the	O
ability	O
to	O
form	O
pentamers	O
.	O

According	O
to	O
different	O
treatment	O
regimens	O
,	O
the	O
patients	O
were	O
divided	O
into	O
hormone	B-CHED
group	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
35	O
)	O
and	O
non	O
-	O
hormone	B-CHED
group	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
59	O
).	O

The	O
control	O
groups	O
consisted	O
of	O
65	O
patients	O
with	O
interstitial	B-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
,	O
78	O
with	O
bacterial	B-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
and	O
57	O
with	O
upper	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
tract	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
.	O

At	O
each	O
time	O
point	O
of	O
measurement	O
,	O
the	O
body	B-ANAT
temperature	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
was	O
significantly	O
higher	O
than	O
that	O
of	O
patients	O
with	O
other	O
diseases	O
(	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
03	O
),	O
with	O
a	O
fluctuation	B-DISO
of	O
0	O
.	O
2	O
to	O
0	O
.	O
5	O
degrees	O
C	O
;	O
and	O
following	O
a	O
pattern	O
of	O
variation	O
similar	O
to	O
those	O
of	O
the	O
other	O
diseases	O
.	O

Hormone	B-CHED
therapy	O
may	O
not	O
produce	O
significant	O
effect	O
in	O
controlling	O
the	O
temperature	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Expression	B-PROC
of	O
the	O
recombinant	B-PRGE
SARS	I-PRGE
coronavirus	B-SPEC
nucleocapsid	B-COMP
protein	B-CHED
in	O
Pichia	B-SPEC
pastoris	I-SPEC
and	O
identification	O
of	O
its	O
bioactivity	O
].	O

The	O
plasmid	O
was	O
linearized	O
and	O
then	O
transformed	O
into	O
P	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
pastoris	I-SPEC
(	O
His	O
-	O
Mut	O
+)	O
by	O
electroporation	O
method	O
.	O

The	O
recombinant	B-PRGE
N	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
expressed	B-PROC
was	O
about	O
6	O
%	O
of	O
the	O
total	O
cell	B-COMP
proteins	B-CHED
,	O
410	O
mg	O
/	O
L	O
of	O
recombinant	O
N	O
protein	B-CHED
and	O
45	O
OD600	O
were	O
achieved	O
in	O
shake	B-DISO
flask	O
.	O

Through	O
electroporation	O
transformantion	O
to	O
TCP1	B-PRGE
,	O
the	O
recombinant	O
S	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
pombe	I-SPEC
strains	O
capable	O
of	O
expressing	O
the	O
5	O
fragments	O
were	O
constructed	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
The	O
Monte	O
Carlo	O
test	O
results	O
demonstrate	O
that	O
the	O
multiple	O
univariate	O
combination	O
methods	O
of	O
Fisher	B-SPEC
and	O
Edgington	O
provide	O
the	O
most	O
robust	O
detection	O
performance	O
across	O
the	O
scenarios	O
tested	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Rhabdomyolysis	B-DISO
associated	O
with	O
acute	B-DISO
renal	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
in	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

SARS	B-DISO
complicated	O
with	O
rhabdomyolysis	B-DISO
has	O
rarely	O
been	O
reported	O
.	O

Soluble	O
vascular	B-PRGE
cell	B-PROC
adhesion	B-DISO
molecule	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
(	O
sVCAM	O
-	O
1	O
)	O
and	O
soluble	B-PRGE
Fas	I-PRGE
ligand	B-PROC
(	O
sFasL	O
)	O
in	O
plasma	B-ANAT
were	O
measured	O
by	O
ELISA	O
,	O
and	O
intracellular	B-COMP
activated	O
caspase	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
3	I-PRGE
fragment	I-PRGE
in	O
different	O
leukocytes	B-ANAT
was	O
determined	O
by	O
flow	O
cytometry	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Sirolimus	B-CHED
-	O
associated	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
in	O
a	O
renal	B-ANAT
transplant	B-ANAT
recipient	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Sirolimus	O
is	O
a	O
new	O
potent	O
immunosuppressive	O
drug	O
used	O
in	O
organ	B-ANAT
transplantation	O
;	O
its	O
major	O
advantage	O
is	O
the	O
absence	O
of	O
deterioration	O
in	O
renal	B-PROC
function	I-PROC
.	O

The	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
of	O
the	O
disease	O
is	O
complex	O
with	O
many	O
unresolved	O
issues	O
relating	O
to	O
the	O
role	O
of	O
the	O
immune	B-ANAT
system	I-ANAT
.	O

However	O
,	O
one	O
cell	B-ANAT
type	I-ANAT
stands	O
out	O
as	O
being	O
the	O
key	O
element	O
in	O
both	O
the	O
""""	O
wet	O
""""	O
and	O
""""	O
dry	O
""""	O
forms	O
of	O
FIP	B-DISO
:	O
the	O
macrophage	B-ANAT
.	O

Serum	B-PRGE
antibody	B-COMP
(	O
IgG	B-PRGE
)	O
titre	O
was	O
>	O
640	O
.	O

As	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
routine	O
check	O
with	O
donated	O
plasma	B-ANAT
,	O
the	O
convalescent	O
plasma	B-ANAT
was	O
confirmed	O
free	O
of	O
residual	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
by	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
.	O

Regulatory	O
authorities	O
in	O
Europe	O
(	O
EMEA	O
)	O
and	O
in	O
the	O
United	O
States	O
(	O
FDA	O
)	O
have	O
encouraged	O
biological	O
manufactures	O
to	O
reduce	O
or	O
eliminate	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
live	O
animals	B-SPEC
and	O
/	O
or	O
products	O
of	O
animal	B-SPEC
origin	O
in	O
biological	O
manufacturing	O
processes	O
.	O

Among	O
them	O
,	O
28	O
suffered	B-DISO
seizure	B-DISO
attacks	O
during	O
AED	B-CHED
withdrawal	B-DISO
.	O

AED	B-CHED
withdrawal	B-DISO
produced	O
a	O
significant	O
increase	O
in	O
seizure	B-DISO
frequency	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
ADP	B-CHED
-	I-PRGE
ribose	B-CHED
-	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
"""-"	I-PRGE
monophosphatase	I-PRGE
:	O
a	O
conserved	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
enzyme	O
that	O
is	O
dispensable	O
for	O
viral	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
in	O
tissue	B-ANAT
culture	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Replication	O
of	O
the	O
approximately	O
30	O
-	O
kb	O
plus	O
-	O
strand	O
RNA	O
genome	O
of	O
coronaviruses	O
and	O
synthesis	B-PROC
of	O
an	O
extensive	O
set	O
of	O
subgenome	O
-	O
length	O
RNAs	O
are	O
mediated	O
by	O
the	O
replicase	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
transcriptase	I-PRGE
,	O
a	O
membrane	B-COMP
-	O
bound	O
protein	B-COMP
complex	I-COMP
containing	O
several	O
cellular	B-COMP
proteins	B-CHED
and	O
up	O
to	O
16	O
viral	O
nonstructural	O
proteins	B-CHED
(	O
nsps	O
)	O
with	O
multiple	O
enzymatic	O
activities	O
,	O
including	O
protease	O
,	O
polymerase	B-PRGE
,	I-PRGE
helicase	I-PRGE
,	I-PRGE
methyltransferase	I-PRGE
,	O
and	O
RNase	B-PRGE
activities	O
.	O

The	O
enzyme	O
had	O
no	O
detectable	O
activity	O
on	O
several	O
other	O
nucleoside	B-CHED
phosphates	I-CHED
.	O

Guided	O
by	O
the	O
crystal	B-ANAT
structure	O
of	O
AF1521	O
,	O
an	O
X	B-PRGE
domain	I-PRGE
homolog	I-PRGE
from	I-PRGE
Archaeoglobus	I-PRGE
fulgidus	O
,	O
potential	O
active	O
-	O
site	O
residues	O
of	O
the	O
HCoV	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
229E	I-PRGE
X	I-PRGE
domain	I-PRGE
were	O
targeted	B-PROC
by	O
site	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
directed	I-PROC
mutagenesis	I-PROC
.	O

Characterization	O
of	O
an	O
Appr	O
-	O
1	O
"""-"	O
pase	O
-	O
deficient	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
229E	I-SPEC
mutant	B-DISO
revealed	O
no	O
significant	O
effects	O
on	O
viral	O
RNA	B-PROC
synthesis	I-PROC
and	O
virus	B-SPEC
titer	O
,	O
and	O
no	O
reversion	O
to	O
the	O
wild	O
-	O
type	O
sequence	O
was	O
observed	O
when	O
the	O
mutant	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
was	O
passaged	O
in	O
cell	B-COMP
culture	O
.	O

The	O
extent	O
of	O
this	O
process	O
appeared	O
to	O
depend	O
strongly	O
on	O
the	O
coronaviral	O
genomic	O
background	O
,	O
the	O
luciferase	B-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
being	O
much	O
more	O
stable	O
in	O
the	O
feline	B-SPEC
than	O
in	O
the	O
mouse	B-SPEC
coronavirus	B-SPEC
genome	O
.	O

The	O
collaborative	O
efforts	O
of	O
the	O
global	O
scientific	O
community	O
have	O
provided	O
,	O
within	O
a	O
short	O
period	O
of	O
time	O
,	O
substantial	O
insights	O
into	O
the	O
molecular	O
biology	O
and	O
immunology	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
.	O
Although	O
the	O
outbreak	O
has	O
been	O
contained	O
,	O
there	O
is	O
continuous	O
concern	O
that	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
may	O
resurface	O
into	O
the	O
human	B-SPEC
population	O
through	O
seasonal	O
changes	O
,	O
animal	B-SPEC
reservoirs	O
or	O
laboratory	O
accidents	O
.	O

Novel	O
variant	O
strains	O
,	O
unrelated	O
by	O
S1	O
sequencing	O
and	O
restriction	O
fragment	O
length	O
polymorphism	B-PROC
analyses	O
to	O
reference	O
and	O
vaccine	O
strains	O
,	O
were	O
also	O
identified	O
.	O

Based	O
on	O
S1	O
sequence	O
identity	O
to	O
available	O
vaccines	O
,	O
the	O
potential	O
to	O
use	O
vaccination	O
to	O
control	O
IBV	O
infections	B-DISO
was	O
evaluated	O
.	O

When	O
tears	B-ANAT
were	O
collected	O
using	O
filter	O
papers	O
,	O
IgG	B-PRGE
was	O
detected	O
in	O
eluted	O
samples	O
but	O
at	O
significantly	O
lower	O
levels	O
than	O
in	O
those	O
collected	O
by	O
pipette	O
.	O

Of	O
the	O
158	O
hips	B-ANAT
examined	O
,	O
28	O
had	O
AVN	O
(	O
11	O
with	O
bilateral	O
hip	B-PRGE
AVN	I-PRGE
,	O
three	O
with	O
right	B-ANAT
hip	I-ANAT
AVN	O
,	O
and	O
three	O
with	O
left	B-ANAT
hip	I-ANAT
AVN	O
).	O

The	O
mean	O
ADC	B-CHED
was	O
markedly	O
greater	O
in	O
the	O
AVN	O
femoral	B-ANAT
head	I-ANAT
(	O
1	O
.	O
66	O
x	O
10	O
(-	O
3	O
)	O
mm	O
(	O
2	O
)/	O
second	O
+/-	O
0	O
.	O
20	O
)	O
than	O
in	O
the	O
normal	O
femoral	B-ANAT
head	I-ANAT
(	O
0	O
.	O
47	O
x	O
10	O
(-	O
3	O
)	O
mm	O
(	O
2	O
)/	O
second	O
+/-	O
0	O
.	O
082	O
;	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
0001	O
).	O

Common	O
classification	O
system	O
were	O
used	O
for	O
staging	O
of	O
hip	B-ANAT
(	O
ARCO	B-SPEC
),	O
knee	B-ANAT
(	O
Lotka	O
)	O
and	O
shoulder	B-ANAT
(	O
Cruess	O
).	O

No	O
osteonecrosis	B-DISO
was	O
detected	O
in	O
12	O
patients	O
without	O
corticosteroid	B-CHED
.	O

The	O
dosage	O
of	O
corticosteroid	B-CHED
was	O
(	O
5842	O
+/-	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
About	O
one	O
-	O
third	O
patients	O
with	O
SARS	B-DISO
who	O
were	O
treated	O
with	O
a	O
high	O
dose	O
of	O
corticosteroid	B-CHED
occurred	O
osteonecrosis	B-DISO
.	O

However	O
,	O
only	O
a	O
minor	O
form	O
of	O
the	O
Endo	B-PRGE
H	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
resistant	I-PRGE
glycoproteins	B-CHED
(	O
approximately	O
130	O
kDa	O
)	O
was	O
detected	O
in	O
CHO	B-FUNC
/	O
dhFr	B-PROC
-	O
cells	B-COMP
.	O

Reverse	B-PROC
transcription	I-PROC
and	O
real	O
-	O
time	O
quantitative	O
PCR	O
and	O
immunohistochemical	O
staining	O
were	O
performed	O
to	O
analyze	O
the	O
production	O
of	O
IP	O
-	O
10	O
in	O
lung	O
tissue	O
at	O
autopsy	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Increases	O
in	O
IP	O
-	O
10	O
,	O
MIG	O
,	O
and	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
8	I-FUNC
during	O
the	O
first	O
week	O
after	O
onset	O
of	O
fever	B-PROC
were	O
associated	O
with	O
adverse	O
outcome	O
(	O
intensive	O
care	O
unit	O
admission	O
or	O
death	B-PROC
)	O
in	O
the	O
univariate	O
analysis	O
.	O

In	O
the	O
ethanol	B-CHED
group	O
,	O
serum	B-COMP
and	O
tissue	B-ANAT
MDA	B-CHED
levels	O
and	O
MPO	B-FUNC
activities	O
were	O
increased	O
(	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
007	O
,	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
001	O
and	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
000	O
),	O
and	O
lung	B-ANAT
tissue	I-ANAT
Na	O
(+)-	O
K	O
(+)	O
ATPase	B-PRGE
activities	O
and	O
erythrocyte	B-ANAT
GSH	B-DISO
were	O
decreased	O
(	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
001	O
and	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
000	O
)	O
compared	O
to	O
the	O
controls	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
clone	O
and	O
express	O
nucleocapsid	B-COMP
(	O
N	O
)	O
protein	B-CHED
of	O
the	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)-	O
associated	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
,	O
and	O
to	O
evaluate	O
its	O
antigenicity	O
and	O
application	O
value	O
in	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
serological	O
diagnostic	O
test	O
for	O
SARS	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
recombinant	B-PRGE
SARS	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
associated	I-PRGE
coronavirus	I-PRGE
N	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
possessed	B-DISO
better	O
antigenicity	O
and	O
specificity	O
and	O
could	O
be	O
employed	O
to	O
establish	O
a	O
new	O
,	O
sensitive	O
,	O
and	O
specific	O
ELISA	O
for	O
SARS	B-DISO
diagnosis	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Recent	O
public	O
health	O
emergencies	O
involving	O
anthrax	B-DISO
,	O
the	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
),	O
and	O
shortages	O
of	O
influenza	B-DISO
vaccine	O
have	O
dramatized	O
the	O
need	O
for	O
restrictive	O
public	O
health	O
measures	O
such	O
as	O
quarantine	O
,	O
isolation	O
,	O
and	O
rationing	O
.	O

Front	O
-	O
line	O
physicians	O
will	O
face	B-DISO
ethical	O
dilemmas	O
during	O
public	O
health	O
emergencies	B-DISO
when	O
patients	O
disagree	O
with	O
these	O
measures	O
.	O

Results	O
from	O
the	O
ESCAPE	O
trial	O
of	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
heart	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
were	O
also	O
included	O
.	O

Hemodynamic	B-PROC
goals	O
and	O
treatment	O
strategies	O
varied	O
among	O
trials	O
.	O

The	O
present	O
study	O
attempted	O
to	O
fill	O
this	O
void	B-PROC
by	O
presenting	O
a	O
detailed	O
account	O
of	O
a	O
comprehensive	O
and	O
integrated	O
approach	O
to	O
developing	O
,	O
implementing	O
,	O
and	O
evaluating	O
a	O
tabletop	O
exercise	O
designed	O
to	O
enhance	O
emergency	B-DISO
preparedness	O
and	O
response	O
of	O
public	O
health	O
workers	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
determine	O
the	O
prevalence	O
of	O
antibodies	O
to	O
feline	B-SPEC
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
FCoV	B-SPEC
)	O
serotypes	O
1	O
and	O
2	O
in	O
Switzerland	O
and	O
their	O
association	O
with	O
different	O
disease	O
manifestations	O
,	O
a	O
serological	O
study	O
based	O
on	O
immunofluorescence	O
tests	O
was	O
conducted	O
with	O
Swiss	O
field	O
cats	B-SPEC
using	O
transmissible	O
gastroenteritis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
),	O
FCoV	B-PRGE
type	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
and	O
FCoV	B-PRGE
type	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
as	O
antigens	B-CHED
.	O

We	O
conclude	O
that	O
a	O
vaccine	O
against	O
FCoV	O
should	O
be	O
based	O
on	O
FCoV	B-PRGE
type	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
related	I-PRGE
antigens	I-PRGE
and	O
that	O
for	O
serodiagnosis	O
of	O
FCoV	O
infection	B-DISO
TGEV	B-SPEC
should	O
be	O
used	O
to	O
attain	O
the	O
highest	O
diagnostic	O
efficiency	O
.	O

When	O
serology	O
is	O
used	O
in	O
addition	O
to	O
clinical	O
signs	O
,	O
hematology	O
,	O
and	O
clinical	O
chemistry	O
results	O
as	O
an	O
aid	O
to	O
diagnose	O
clinical	O
FIP	B-DISO
,	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
shows	O
a	O
diagnostic	O
efficiency	O
equal	O
to	O
that	O
of	O
a	O
FCoV	B-PRGE
antigen	I-PRGE
.	O

The	O
finding	O
was	O
the	O
structural	O
definition	O
,	O
persevering	O
through	O
a	O
difficult	O
time	O
is	O
dispiriting	O
trepidation	O
arising	O
with	O
witnessing	O
suffering	B-DISO
.	O

It	O
is	O
a	O
smothering	O
connectedness	O
with	O
sequestering	B-PROC
protection	O
as	O
unsettling	O
contentment	O
emerges	O
amid	O
unburdening	O
hope	O
.	O

These	O
chaperoning	O
properties	O
facilitate	O
proper	O
protein	B-PROC
folding	I-PROC
,	O
which	O
enhances	O
the	O
solubility	O
and	O
biological	O
activity	O
of	O
the	O
purified	O
protein	B-CHED
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Prediction	O
of	O
functional	O
class	B-SPEC
of	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
proteins	B-CHED
by	O
a	O
statistical	O
learning	B-PROC
method	O
.	O

Support	O
vector	O
machines	O
(	O
SVM	O
),	O
useful	O
for	O
predicting	O
the	O
functional	O
class	B-SPEC
of	O
distantly	O
related	O
proteins	B-CHED
,	O
is	O
employed	O
to	O
ascribe	O
a	O
possible	O
functional	O
class	B-SPEC
to	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
proteins	B-CHED
.	O

A	O
combination	O
of	O
the	O
sequence	O
comparison	O
method	O
BLAST	B-ANAT
and	O
SVMProt	O
can	O
further	O
improve	O
the	O
prediction	O
accuracy	O
of	O
SMVProt	O
such	O
that	O
the	O
functional	O
class	O
of	O
two	O
additional	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
proteins	B-CHED
is	O
correctly	O
predicted	O
.	O

The	O
antigen	B-CHED
detection	O
limit	O
for	O
the	O
Con	B-PRGE
A	I-PRGE
-	O
S	O
-	O
ELISA	O
was	O
10	O
(	O
5	O
,	O
1	O
)	O
EID	O
(	O
50	O
)/	O
mL	O
.	O
Three	O
homologous	O
and	O
four	O
heterologous	O
IBV	B-SPEC
strains	O
were	O
similarly	O
detected	O
.	O

Strong	O
humoral	O
responses	O
have	O
been	O
found	O
in	O
most	O
patients	O
following	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
CoV	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
,	O
with	O
high	O
titers	O
of	O
neutralizing	O
Abs	B-PRGE
present	O
in	O
their	O
convalescent	O
sera	B-COMP
.	O

It	O
is	O
likely	O
that	O
the	O
immune	B-PROC
responses	I-PROC
induced	O
by	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
CoV	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
could	O
also	O
cause	O
pathological	O
damage	O
to	O
the	O
host	B-COMP
,	O
especially	O
in	O
the	O
case	O
of	O
proinflammatory	O
cytokines	O
.	O

Our	O
experience	O
indicates	O
that	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
for	O
dengue	B-DISO
can	O
be	O
set	O
up	O
rapidly	O
in	O
a	O
clinical	O
laboratory	O
,	O
with	O
very	O
sensitive	O
and	O
specific	O
results	O
for	O
the	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
dengue	B-DISO
,	O
particularly	O
in	O
the	O
first	O
5	O
days	O
from	O
onset	O
of	O
symptoms	O
.	O

The	O
peak	O
inflammatory	B-DISO
response	I-DISO
was	O
obtained	O
at	O
24	O
h	O
when	O
the	O
fluid	O
volume	O
,	O
protein	B-CHED
concentration	O
,	O
C	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
reactive	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
and	O
cell	B-COMP
infiltration	B-DISO
were	O
maximums	O
.	O

In	O
cats	B-SPEC
that	O
died	B-PROC
from	O
FIP	B-DISO
,	O
viral	O
loads	O
were	O
significantly	O
higher	O
,	O
indicating	O
a	O
higher	O
rate	O
of	O
viral	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
or	O
a	O
reduced	O
capacity	O
for	O
viral	O
clearance	O
in	O
cats	B-SPEC
developing	O
and	O
/	O
or	O
suffering	B-DISO
from	O
FIP	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
dimer	O
interface	O
consists	O
of	O
a	O
continuous	O
four	O
-	O
stranded	O
beta	O
-	O
sheet	O
superposed	O
by	O
two	O
long	O
alpha	O
helices	B-SPEC
,	O
reminiscent	O
of	O
that	O
found	O
in	O
the	O
nucleocapsid	B-COMP
protein	B-CHED
of	O
porcine	B-SPEC
respiratory	I-SPEC
and	I-SPEC
reproductive	I-SPEC
syndrome	B-DISO
virus	I-SPEC
.	O

The	O
geographical	O
relationships	O
were	O
important	O
during	O
the	O
early	O
phase	O
of	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
epidemic	O
in	O
Beijing	O
.	O

A	O
two	O
step	O
inactivation	B-DISO
procedure	O
involving	O
sequential	O
formaldehyde	B-CHED
and	O
U	O
.	O
V	O
.	O
inactivation	B-DISO
was	O
utilised	O
in	O
order	B-SPEC
to	O
ensure	O
an	O
extremely	O
high	O
safety	O
margin	B-ANAT
with	O
respect	O
to	O
residual	O
infectivity	O
.	O

The	O
immunogenicity	O
of	O
this	O
double	O
-	O
inactivated	O
vaccine	O
was	O
characterised	O
in	O
the	O
mouse	B-SPEC
model	O
.	O

This	O
article	O
reviews	O
the	O
alterations	O
in	O
the	O
immune	O
response	O
that	O
underlie	O
ARDS	B-DISO
,	O
discusses	O
the	O
physiology	O
of	O
dietary	O
oils	O
as	O
immunonutrients	O
,	O
summarizes	O
animal	B-SPEC
and	O
human	B-SPEC
studies	O
that	O
explore	O
the	O
therapeutic	O
effects	O
of	O
dietary	O
oils	O
,	O
and	O
provides	O
clinical	O
recommendations	O
for	O
their	O
use	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Historically	O
,	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
during	O
pregnancy	O
has	O
been	O
associated	O
with	O
increased	O
morbidity	O
and	O
mortality	O
compared	O
with	O
nonpregnant	O
women	O
.	O

Beta	B-CHED
-	I-CHED
lactam	I-CHED
and	O
macrolide	B-CHED
antibiotics	I-CHED
are	O
considered	O
safe	O
in	O
pregnancy	O
and	O
are	O
effective	O
for	O
most	O
community	O
-	O
acquired	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
in	O
pregnancy	O
.	O

Pneumocystis	B-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
continues	O
to	O
carry	O
significant	O
maternal	O
risk	O
to	O
an	O
immunocompromised	O
population	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Coexisting	O
maternal	O
disease	O
,	O
including	O
asthma	B-PATH
and	O
anemia	B-DISO
,	O
increase	O
the	O
risk	O
of	O
contracting	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
in	O
pregnancy	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Comparison	O
of	O
prone	O
positioning	O
and	O
high	O
-	O
frequency	O
oscillatory	O
ventilation	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

Keeping	O
the	O
lung	B-ANAT
open	O
could	O
also	O
potentially	O
be	O
lung	B-ANAT
protective	O
.	O

The	O
oxygenation	B-PROC
index	O
({	O
mean	O
airway	B-ANAT
pressure	O
x	O
Fio2	O
x	O
100	O
}/	O
Pao2	O
)	O
decreased	O
in	O
the	O
prone	O
-	O
CV	O
and	O
prone	O
-	O
HFOV	O
groups	O
and	O
was	O
lower	O
than	O
in	O
the	O
supine	O
-	O
HFOV	O
group	O
.	O

Neutrophil	B-ANAT
counts	O
were	O
higher	O
in	O
the	O
supine	O
-	O
HFOV	O
group	O
than	O
in	O
the	O
prone	O
-	O
CV	O
group	O
.	O

Prone	O
-	O
HFOV	O
produced	O
similar	O
improvement	O
in	O
oxygenation	B-PROC
like	O
prone	O
-	O
CV	O
but	O
was	O
associated	O
with	O
higher	O
BALF	O
indexes	O
of	O
inflammation	B-DISO
.	O

Acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
causes	O
disparate	O
effects	O
on	O
crypt	B-ANAT
proliferation	B-DISO
and	O
apoptosis	B-PATH
,	O
which	O
occur	O
,	O
at	O
least	O
in	O
part	O
,	O
through	O
differing	O
mechanisms	O
involving	O
Toll	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
like	I-PRGE
receptor	I-PRGE
4	I-PRGE
and	O
Bcl	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
virus	B-SPEC
non	O
-	O
structural	O
protein	B-CHED
15	O
is	O
a	O
Mn2	O
+-	O
dependent	O
endoribonuclease	O
with	O
specificity	O
for	O
cleavage	B-PROC
at	O
uridylate	B-CHED
residues	O
.	O

Nineteen	O
of	O
the	O
mutants	O
were	O
soluble	O
and	O
were	O
analyzed	O
for	O
enzymatic	B-PROC
activity	I-PROC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Screening	O
of	O
electrophilic	O
compounds	O
yields	O
an	O
aziridinyl	O
peptide	B-CHED
as	O
new	O
active	O
-	O
site	O
directed	O
SARS	O
-	O
CoV	O
main	O
protease	B-CHED
inhibitor	I-CHED
.	O

The	O
second	O
part	O
of	O
this	O
review	O
focuses	O
on	O
new	O
challenges	O
for	O
infection	B-DISO
control	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
1	O
)	O
the	O
ever	O
-	O
growing	O
number	O
of	O
immunocompromised	O
patients	O
and	O
basic	O
control	O
measures	O
to	O
avoid	O
opportunistic	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
;	O
2	O
)	O
the	O
concerns	O
about	O
the	O
capacity	O
of	O
the	O
public	O
health	O
systems	O
to	O
deal	O
with	O
terrorist	O
acts	O
;	O
3	O
)	O
the	O
practice	O
of	O
high	O
-	O
risk	O
procedures	O
in	O
facilities	O
lacking	O
trained	O
personnel	O
,	O
efficient	O
laboratories	O
,	O
and	O
protective	O
items	O
;	O
and	O
4	O
)	O
gene	O
therapy	O
and	O
its	O
potential	O
infectious	B-DISO
complications	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Crystal	B-ANAT
structures	O
of	O
the	O
main	O
peptidase	O
from	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
inhibited	O
by	O
a	O
substrate	O
-	O
like	O
aza	O
-	O
peptide	O
epoxide	B-CHED
.	O

We	O
report	O
the	O
irreversible	O
inhibition	B-PROC
of	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
M	I-PRGE
(	O
pro	B-PRGE
)	O
by	O
an	O
aza	O
-	O
peptide	B-CHED
epoxide	B-CHED
(	O
APE	B-SPEC
;	O
k	O
(	O
inact	O
)/	O
K	O
(	O
i	O
)	O
=	O
1900	O
(+/-	O
400	O
)	O
M	O
(-	O
1	O
)	O
s	O
(-	O
1	O
)).	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
In	O
2003	O
severe	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
affected	O
1	O
,	O
755	O
people	O
in	O
Hong	O
Kong	O
,	O
including	O
386	O
health	O
care	O
professionals	O
,	O
some	O
of	O
whom	O
were	O
infected	O
during	O
resuscitation	O
attempts	O
of	O
affected	O
patients	O
.	O

Hong	O
Kong	O
medical	O
students	O
feel	O
able	O
to	O
perform	O
BLS	B-DISO
if	O
required	O
.	O

In	O
all	O
situations	O
they	O
were	O
significantly	O
more	O
likely	O
to	O
perform	O
mouth	B-ANAT
-	O
to	O
-	O
mouth	B-ANAT
ventilation	O
for	O
a	O
family	B-SPEC
member	O
compared	O
with	O
a	O
stranger	O
(	O
p	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
001	O
)	O
and	O
to	O
withhold	O
mouth	B-ANAT
-	O
to	O
-	O
mouth	B-ANAT
ventilation	O
if	O
either	O
vomit	B-DISO
or	O
blood	B-ANAT
were	O
present	O
in	O
the	O
victim	O
'	O
s	O
mouth	B-ANAT
.	O

The	O
majority	O
of	O
practices	O
reported	O
that	O
they	O
had	O
policies	O
or	O
procedures	O
in	O
place	O
to	O
isolate	O
potentially	O
infectious	B-DISO
patients	O
from	O
others	O
in	O
the	O
waiting	O
room	O
.	O

Duty	O
to	O
care	O
is	O
not	O
based	O
upon	O
particular	O
virtues	O
of	O
the	O
health	O
professions	O
,	O
but	O
arises	O
from	O
social	O
reflection	O
on	O
what	O
response	O
to	O
an	O
epidemic	O
would	O
be	O
consistent	O
with	O
our	O
values	O
and	O
our	O
needs	O
,	O
recognizing	O
our	O
shared	O
vulnerability	O
to	O
disease	O
and	O
death	B-PROC
.	O

Immunohistochemically	O
,	O
antibodies	B-COMP
of	O
cytokeratin	B-PRGE
(	O
CK	O
),	O
CD34	B-PRGE
,	O
CD68	B-PRGE
,	O
Vimentin	B-COMP
and	O
CD3	B-PRGE
were	O
applied	O
to	O
demonstrate	O
bronchial	B-ANAT
epithelial	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
,	O
type	B-ANAT
II	I-ANAT
pneumocytes	I-ANAT
,	O
endothelial	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
,	O
macrophages	B-ANAT
,	O
fibroblasts	B-ANAT
and	O
T	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
respectively	O
.	O

Three	O
hybridoma	B-ANAT
cell	B-ANAT
lines	I-ANAT
(	O
8A5	O
,	O
8H6	O
and	O
4A2	O
)	O
stable	O
in	O
secreting	B-PROC
specific	O
monoclonal	O
antibodies	B-COMP
were	O
successfully	O
obtained	O
.	O

Monoclonal	O
antibodies	B-COMP
of	O
high	O
specificity	O
against	O
protein	O
X4	O
have	O
been	O
successfully	O
prepared	O
,	O
which	O
laid	O
the	O
foundation	O
for	O
the	O
further	O
study	O
of	O
protein	B-CHED
X4	O
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
Monoclonal	O
antibodies	B-COMP
of	O
high	O
specificity	O
against	O
protein	B-CHED
X4	O
have	O
been	O
successfully	O
prepared	O
,	O
which	O
laid	O
the	O
foundation	O
for	O
the	O
further	O
study	O
of	O
protein	B-CHED
X4	O
.	O

These	O
studies	O
showed	O
that	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
Vero	I-PRGE
E6	I-PRGE
cell	B-COMP
lysates	O
for	O
the	O
ELISA	O
to	O
detect	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
antibodies	B-COMP
could	O
lead	O
to	O
the	O
false	O
-	O
positive	O
reactions	O
or	O
cross	O
-	O
reactions	O
of	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
antibodies	B-COMP
in	O
non	O
-	O
SARS	B-DISO
diseases	O
and	O
healthy	O
controls	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
false	O
-	O
positive	O
reactions	O
or	O
cross	O
-	O
reactions	O
were	O
related	O
to	O
Vero	O
E6	O
cell	B-COMP
lysates	O
and	O
autoantibodies	O
in	O
non	O
-	O
SARS	B-DISO
population	O
.	O

Here	O
,	O
an	O
infectious	B-DISO
cDNA	O
clone	O
of	O
IBV	B-SPEC
was	O
used	O
to	O
address	O
the	O
importance	O
of	O
the	O
S	O
protein	B-PROC
trafficking	B-PROC
signals	O
to	O
virus	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
.	O

The	O
M	O
endodomain	O
interacts	O
with	O
the	O
viral	B-COMP
nucleocapsid	I-COMP
,	O
which	O
consists	O
of	O
the	O
positive	O
-	O
strand	O
RNA	O
genome	O
helically	O
encapsidated	O
by	O
N	O
protein	B-CHED
monomers	O
.	O

Further	O
,	O
we	O
found	O
that	O
fusion	O
of	O
domain	O
3	O
of	O
the	O
N	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
to	O
the	O
carboxy	B-CHED
terminus	O
of	O
a	O
heterologous	O
protein	B-CHED
caused	O
it	O
to	O
be	O
incorporated	O
into	O
MHV	B-SPEC
virions	B-COMP
.	O

The	O
Deltansp2	O
mutant	B-DISO
viruses	B-SPEC
lacked	O
expression	B-PROC
of	O
both	O
nsp2	B-PRGE
and	O
an	O
nsp2	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
nsp3	I-PRGE
precursor	I-PRGE
,	O
but	O
cleaved	B-ANAT
the	O
engineered	B-PRGE
chimeric	I-PRGE
nsp1	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
nsp3	I-PRGE
cleavage	B-PROC
site	O
as	O
efficiently	O
as	O
the	O
native	O
nsp1	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
nsp2	I-PRGE
cleavage	B-PROC
site	O
.	O

No	O
induction	O
of	O
cytokine	O
genes	O
(	O
alpha	B-PRGE
interferon	I-PRGE
[	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
alpha	I-PRGE
],	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
beta	I-PRGE
,	O
interleukin	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
28A	I-PRGE
/	I-PRGE
B	I-PRGE
[	O
IL	O
-	O
28A	O
/	O
B	O
],	O
IL	O
-	O
29	O
,	O
tumor	B-PRGE
necrosis	I-PRGE
factor	I-PRGE
alpha	I-PRGE
,	O
CCL5	B-PRGE
,	O
or	O
CXCL10	B-PRGE
)	O
or	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
alpha	I-PRGE
/	I-PRGE
beta	I-PRGE
-	O
induced	O
MxA	B-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
was	O
seen	O
in	O
SCV	B-SPEC
-	O
infected	O
A549	O
cells	B-COMP
,	O
macrophages	B-ANAT
,	O
or	O
DCs	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
detecting	O
results	O
of	O
animal	B-SPEC
samples	O
from	O
Dongmen	O
Market	O
(	O
Shenzhen	O
)	O
and	O
other	O
markets	O
and	O
farms	O
in	O
peripheral	O
areas	O
show	O
that	O
:	O
the	O
total	O
positive	O
rate	O
of	O
4	O
kinds	O
of	O
wild	O
animal	B-SPEC
(	O
civet	B-SPEC
cat	I-SPEC
,	O
raccoon	B-SPEC
dog	I-SPEC
,	O
hog	O
-	O
badge	O
and	O
Chinese	O
ferret	B-SPEC
-	O
badge	O
)	O
is	O
39	O
.	O
02	O
%	O
,	O
which	O
has	O
an	O
significant	O
difference	O
(	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
01	O
)	O
compared	O
with	O
the	O
positive	O
rate	O
of	O
other	O
animals	B-SPEC
as	O
0	O
.	O

The	O
results	O
could	O
support	O
the	O
hypothesis	O
that	O
animals	B-SPEC
(	O
especially	O
civet	B-SPEC
cat	I-SPEC
)	O
could	O
carry	O
SARS	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
10	O
positive	O
were	O
detected	O
from	O
41	O
SARS	B-DISO
clinical	O
confirmed	O
cases	O
(	O
24	O
.	O
39	O
%).	O

Of	O
50	O
animal	B-SPEC
specimens	O
,	O
23	O
were	O
positive	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
The	O
sensitivity	O
of	O
real	O
-	O
time	O
PCR	O
was	O
10	O
-	O
100	O
copies	O
/	O
ml	O
,	O
there	O
was	O
no	O
cross	B-PROC
reaction	I-PROC
to	O
other	O
respiratory	O
viruses	B-SPEC
such	O
as	O
influenza	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
etc	O
.	O

Furthermore	O
,	O
SARS	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
RNA	O
was	O
detected	O
in	O
feces	B-ANAT
and	O
in	O
serum	B-COMP
during	O
the	O
acute	O
phase	O
.	O

The	O
purpose	O
of	O
this	O
study	O
was	O
to	O
explore	O
the	O
experience	O
of	O
home	O
quarantine	O
during	O
the	O
severe	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
outbreak	O
in	O
Toronto	O
in	O
2003	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
A	O
simple	O
and	O
rapid	O
approach	O
for	O
screening	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
genotypes	O
:	O
an	O
evaluation	O
study	O
.	O

This	O
information	O
can	O
be	O
used	O
as	O
a	O
footprint	O
for	O
tracing	O
the	O
epidemiology	O
of	O
infections	B-DISO
and	O
monitor	O
viral	O
evolution	B-PROC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Molecular	O
epidemiology	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
associated	I-DISO
coronavirus	I-DISO
,	O
Beijing	O
.	O

The	O
pathogens	O
detected	O
most	O
frequently	O
were	O
influenza	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
14	O
patients	O
),	O
Streptococcus	B-SPEC
pneumoniae	I-SPEC
(	O
8	O
),	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
6	O
),	O
Staphylococcus	B-SPEC
aureus	I-SPEC
(	O
5	O
),	O
and	O
rhinoviruses	B-SPEC
(	O
5	O
).	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
elaborate	O
on	O
the	O
diagnosis	O
and	O
treatment	O
of	O
blast	B-ANAT
injury	O
of	O
the	O
lungs	B-ANAT
in	O
extensively	O
burned	O
patients	O
.	O

Five	O
patients	O
developed	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
,	O
and	O
all	O
the	O
patients	O
experienced	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
.	O

Fourteen	O
cases	O
were	O
finally	O
cured	O
,	O
and	O
2	O
died	B-PROC
of	O
severe	O
blast	B-ANAT
injury	O
of	O
the	O
lungs	B-ANAT
and	O
severe	O
systemic	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Last	O
month	O
'	O
s	O
article	O
considered	O
the	O
role	O
of	O
the	O
law	O
in	O
preventing	O
the	O
spread	O
of	O
infectious	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
in	O
cases	O
such	O
as	O
tuberculosis	B-PATH
and	O
SARS	B-DISO
where	O
isolation	O
,	O
quarantine	O
and	O
treatment	O
are	O
effective	O
in	O
controlling	O
the	O
outbreak	O
.	O

Only	O
1	O
(	O
2	O
%)	O
of	O
48	O
patients	O
with	O
acute	O
KD	O
was	O
positive	O
by	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
for	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
NL63	I-SPEC
/	O
NH	O
in	O
a	O
nasopharyngeal	B-ANAT
swab	I-ANAT
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Biochemical	O
and	O
biophysical	O
characterization	O
of	O
the	O
transmissible	O
gastroenteritis	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
fusion	O
core	O
.	O

Here	O
,	O
we	O
report	O
that	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
fusion	O
core	O
(	O
HR1	O
-	O
SGGRGG	O
-	O
HR2	O
),	O
in	O
vitro	O
expressed	B-PROC
in	O
GST	B-PRGE
prokaryotic	O
expression	B-PROC
system	O
,	O
shares	O
the	O
typical	O
properties	O
of	O
the	O
trimer	O
of	O
coiled	O
-	O
coil	O
heterodimer	O
(	O
six	O
alpha	O
-	O
helix	O
bundle	O
),	O
which	O
has	O
been	O
confirmed	O
by	O
a	O
combined	O
series	O
of	O
biochemical	O
and	O
biophysical	O
evidences	O
including	O
size	O
exclusion	O
chromatography	O
(	O
gel	O
-	O
filtration	O
),	O
chemical	O
crossing	O
,	O
and	O
circular	O
diagram	O
.	O

Taken	O
together	O
,	O
TGEV	O
spiker	O
protein	B-CHED
belongs	O
to	O
the	O
class	B-SPEC
I	O
fusion	O
protein	B-CHED
,	O
characterized	O
by	O
the	O
existence	O
of	O
two	O
heptad	O
-	O
repeat	O
(	O
HR	O
)	O
regions	O
,	O
HR1	O
and	O
HR2	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
present	O
knowledge	O
about	O
the	O
truncated	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
fusion	O
protein	B-CHED
core	O
may	O
facilitate	O
in	O
the	O
design	O
of	O
the	O
small	O
molecule	O
or	O
polypeptide	B-CHED
drugs	O
targeting	B-PROC
the	O
membrane	B-PROC
fusion	I-PROC
between	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
and	O
its	O
host	B-COMP
.	O

Lessons	O
from	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
outbreak	O
in	O
Toronto	O
.	O

Of	O
the	O
Internet	O
users	O
,	O
68	O
%	O
(	O
485	O
/	O
711	O
)	O
had	O
already	O
searched	O
the	O
World	O
Wide	O
Web	B-DISO
for	O
health	O
information	O
,	O
and	O
75	O
%	O
(	O
533	O
/	O
711	O
)	O
were	O
interested	O
in	O
communicating	O
with	O
health	O
professionals	O
using	O
the	O
Internet	O
as	O
part	O
of	O
their	O
ongoing	O
care	O
.	O

Patients	O
who	O
required	O
ICU	O
admission	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
31	O
)	O
showed	O
higher	O
CXR	O
scores	O
(	O
1	O
.	O
6	O
[	O
SD	O
,	O
3	O
.	O
1	O
];	O
vs	O
0	O
.	O
4	O
[	O
SD	O
,	O
1	O
.	O
1	O
];	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
04	O
)	O
and	O
lower	O
percentage	O
of	O
predicted	O
FVC	B-PROC
,	O
TLC	O
,	O
and	O
Dlco	O
than	O
those	O
who	O
did	O
not	O
,	O
but	O
there	O
were	O
no	O
differences	O
in	O
6MWD	O
and	O
health	O
status	O
.	O

In	O
the	O
present	O
study	O
,	O
we	O
analyzed	O
the	O
pathological	O
changes	O
of	O
testes	B-ANAT
from	O
six	O
patients	O
who	O
died	B-PROC
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
.	O

SARS	B-DISO
viral	O
genomic	O
sequences	O
were	O
not	O
detected	O
in	O
the	O
testes	B-ANAT
by	O
in	O
situ	O
hybridization	B-PROC
.	O

Our	O
findings	O
indicated	O
that	O
orchitis	O
is	O
a	O
complication	B-DISO
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
.	O

STAR	B-DISO
demonstrated	O
similar	O
or	O
better	O
sensitivity	O
and	O
precision	O
compared	O
to	O
two	O
commonly	O
used	O
methods	O
,	O
SYBR	O
Green	O
-	O
based	O
and	O
TaqMan	O
probe	O
-	O
based	O
real	O
-	O
time	O
reverse	B-PRGE
transcriptase	I-PRGE
-	O
polymerase	O
chain	O
reaction	O
.	O

Blinded	O
studies	O
using	O
RNA	O
extracted	O
from	O
various	O
tissues	B-ANAT
of	O
a	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
infected	O
individual	O
showed	O
that	O
STAR	B-DISO
correctly	O
identified	O
all	O
samples	O
containing	O
SARS	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
and	O
yielded	O
negative	O
results	O
for	O
non	O
-	O
SARS	B-DISO
control	O
samples	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
In	O
silico	O
analysis	O
of	O
ORF1ab	O
in	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
HKU1	O
genome	O
reveals	O
a	O
unique	O
putative	O
cleavage	B-PROC
site	O
of	O
coronavirus	O
HKU1	B-PRGE
3C	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
like	I-PRGE
protease	I-PRGE
.	O

This	O
probably	O
represents	O
a	O
novel	O
cleavage	B-PROC
site	O
because	O
the	O
same	O
mutation	O
was	O
consistently	O
observed	O
in	O
CoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
HKU1	I-SPEC
sequences	O
from	O
multiple	O
specimens	O
of	O
different	O
patients	O
;	O
the	O
P2	O
and	O
P1	O
'-	O
P12	O
'	O
positions	O
of	O
this	O
cleavage	B-PROC
site	O
are	O
consistent	O
between	O
CoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
HKU1	I-SPEC
and	O
other	O
coronaviruses	O
;	O
and	O
as	O
the	O
helicase	B-PRGE
is	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
most	O
conserved	O
proteins	B-CHED
in	O
coronaviruses	O
,	O
cleavage	B-PROC
between	O
nsp10	O
and	O
nsp11	O
should	O
be	O
an	O
essential	O
step	O
for	O
the	O
generation	O
of	O
the	O
mature	B-PRGE
functional	I-PRGE
helicase	I-PRGE
.	O

Recent	O
data	O
have	O
shown	O
stable	O
patterns	O
of	O
activation	O
among	O
peripheral	B-ANAT
blood	I-ANAT
mononuclear	I-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
and	O
neutrophils	B-ANAT
in	O
healthy	O
human	B-SPEC
subjects	O
.	O

There	O
will	O
usually	O
remain	O
a	O
probability	O
of	O
releasing	O
from	O
quarantine	O
some	O
infected	O
individuals	O
and	O
the	O
impact	O
of	O
early	O
release	B-PATH
will	O
depend	O
on	O
the	O
size	O
of	O
the	O
epidemic	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Due	O
to	O
variations	O
in	O
serotypes	O
among	O
different	O
strains	O
of	O
avian	O
infectious	O
bronchitis	O
viruses	B-SPEC
(	O
IBV	B-SPEC
),	O
vaccination	O
of	O
chicks	O
with	O
imported	O
vaccines	O
fails	O
to	O
protect	O
them	O
from	O
IBV	B-SPEC
infections	B-DISO
in	O
Taiwan	O
.	O

The	O
attenuated	O
vaccine	O
was	O
not	O
pathogenic	O
in	O
1	O
-	O
week	O
-	O
old	O
chicks	O
,	O
had	O
a	O
neutralization	O
index	O
(	O
NI	O
)	O
of	O
greater	O
than	O
4	O
.	O
4	O
and	O
efficacy	O
of	O
90	O
%	O
when	O
inoculated	O
birds	B-SPEC
were	O
challenged	O
with	O
a	O
field	O
IBV	B-SPEC
strain	O
.	O

In	O
conclusion	O
,	O
these	O
attenuated	O
vaccines	O
have	O
potential	O
for	O
controlling	O
local	O
Taiwanese	O
IBV	O
infections	B-DISO
in	O
chickens	B-SPEC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
pH	O
-	O
dependent	O
conformational	O
flexibility	O
of	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
main	O
proteinase	B-PROC
(	O
M	O
(	O
pro	B-CHED
))	O
dimer	O
:	O
molecular	B-PROC
dynamics	I-PROC
simulations	O
and	O
multiple	O
X	O
-	O
ray	B-SPEC
structure	O
analyses	O
.	O

The	O
results	O
demonstrate	O
that	O
,	O
compared	O
with	O
other	O
compounds	O
reported	O
so	O
far	O
,	O
AVLQSGFR	O
is	O
the	O
most	O
active	O
in	O
inhibiting	O
replication	O
of	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
,	O
and	O
that	O
no	O
detectable	O
toxicity	O
is	O
observed	O
on	O
Vero	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
under	O
the	O
condition	B-DISO
of	O
experimental	O
concentration	O
.	O

Of	O
these	O
23	O
,	O
five	O
non	O
-	O
immune	O
persons	O
subsequently	O
developed	O
coma	O
,	O
shock	O
,	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
or	O
acute	B-DISO
renal	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
;	O
this	O
led	O
to	O
death	B-PROC
in	O
2	O
of	O
these	O
cases	O
.	O

Twenty	O
of	O
28	O
patients	O
who	O
received	O
ECMO	O
with	O
severe	O
trauma	O
related	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
(	O
mean	O
PaO2	O
/	O
FiO2	O
of	O
62	O
mmHg	O
)	O
survived	O
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
A	O
high	O
proportion	O
of	O
trauma	O
patients	O
treated	O
with	O
ECMO	O
for	O
severe	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
survived	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Several	O
recent	O
gene	O
patent	O
controversies	O
have	O
energized	O
and	O
refocused	O
the	O
human	B-SPEC
gene	O
patent	O
debate	O
in	O
Canada	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
evaluate	O
the	O
usefulness	O
of	O
continuous	O
noninvasive	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
and	O
mechanical	O
coughing	O
aids	O
to	O
avoid	O
endotracheal	O
intubation	O
and	O
tracheostomy	O
during	O
episodes	O
of	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
in	O
patients	O
with	O
neuromuscular	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
.	O

There	O
were	O
no	O
significant	O
differences	O
in	O
respiratory	B-PROC
function	I-PROC
between	O
the	O
successfully	O
treated	O
and	O
unsuccessfully	O
treated	O
groups	O
before	O
the	O
current	O
episode	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Hypercoagulant	O
states	O
in	O
malignant	B-DISO
lymphoma	I-DISO
.	O

At	O
day	O
7	O
of	O
chemotherapy	O
,	O
leukocyte	B-ANAT
TF	O
mRNA	B-CHED
levels	O
were	O
significantly	O
increased	O
.	O

The	O
recombinant	B-PRGE
virus	I-PRGE
CAV	B-SPEC
-	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
S1	I-PRGE
was	O
gained	O
through	O
4	O
passages	O
in	O
MDCK	O
,	O
which	O
showed	O
classical	O
CPE	O
of	O
CAV	B-SPEC
-	O
2	O
.	O

The	O
expressed	B-PROC
S1	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
of	O
CCV	B-DISO
,	O
which	O
was	O
identified	O
by	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
and	O
Western	O
blot	O
,	O
can	O
be	O
specifically	O
recognized	O
by	O
polyclonal	O
antibody	O
against	O
CCV	B-DISO
.	O

Conjugation	B-PROC
to	O
mannose	B-CHED
dendrimers	O
is	O
a	O
rarely	O
explored	O
but	O
potentially	O
powerful	O
strategy	O
for	O
enhancing	O
immunogenicity	O
of	O
synthetic	O
peptides	B-CHED
relying	O
on	O
direct	O
delivery	O
to	O
dendritic	B-ANAT
cells	B-COMP
.	O

The	O
ribavirin	B-CHED
photoprobes	O
were	O
obtained	O
by	O
directly	O
coupling	O
the	O
azidotriazole	O
to	O
the	O
protected	O
ribose	B-CHED
sugar	O
,	O
while	O
the	O
EICAR	O
probe	O
was	O
prepared	O
by	O
diazotizing	O
AICAR	B-CHED
and	O
subsequently	O
substituting	O
with	O
NaN3	O
.	O

At	O
zero	O
PEEP	B-CHED
PV	O
curves	O
of	O
respiratory	B-ANAT
system	I-ANAT
,	I-ANAT
lung	I-ANAT
,	O
and	O
chest	B-ANAT
wall	I-ANAT
were	O
constructed	O
.	O

Postural	O
reduction	O
in	O
lower	O
inflection	O
point	O
pressure	O
of	O
lung	B-ANAT
PV	O
curve	O
was	O
the	O
sole	B-ANAT
independent	O
predictor	O
of	O
pronation	B-PROC
-	O
induced	O
increases	O
in	O
PaO2	O
/	O
FIO2	O
(	O
R2	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
76	O
).	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Design	O
,	O
synthesis	B-PROC
,	O
and	O
biological	O
evaluation	O
of	O
peptidomimetic	B-CHED
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
chymotrypsin	O
-	O
like	O
protease	O
(	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
3CLpro	I-PRGE
)	O
inhibitors	B-CHED
for	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
are	O
described	O
.	O

Among	O
them	O
were	O
the	O
trials	O
that	O
tested	O
the	O
infusion	O
of	O
activated	O
protein	B-CHED
C	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	B-DISO
sepsis	I-DISO
,	O
tight	O
glycemic	O
control	O
in	O
surgical	O
intensive	O
care	O
patients	O
,	O
and	O
use	O
of	O
lung	B-ANAT
protective	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
by	O
using	O
small	O
tidal	O
volumes	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
.	O

Although	O
results	O
of	O
these	O
trials	O
were	O
sufficiently	O
strong	O
to	O
,	O
at	O
least	O
,	O
consider	O
implementation	O
of	O
these	O
strategies	O
in	O
critical	O
care	O
medicine	B-CHED
,	O
published	O
and	O
yet	O
unpublished	O
reports	O
show	O
that	O
there	O
is	O
significant	O
struggle	O
with	O
implementation	O
of	O
these	O
therapies	O
.	O

The	O
virus	B-COMP
particle	I-COMP
consists	O
of	O
four	O
structural	O
proteins	B-CHED
:	O
spike	O
(	O
S	O
),	O
small	O
envelope	B-COMP
(	O
E	O
),	O
membrane	B-COMP
(	O
M	O
),	O
and	O
nucleocapsid	B-COMP
(	O
N	O
).	O

Western	O
blot	O
analysis	O
of	O
the	O
culture	O
medium	O
from	O
transfection	O
experiments	O
revealed	O
that	O
both	O
E	O
and	O
M	O
expressed	B-PROC
alone	O
could	O
be	O
released	O
in	O
sedimentable	O
particles	O
and	O
that	O
E	O
and	O
M	O
proteins	B-CHED
are	O
likely	O
to	O
form	O
VLPs	B-ANAT
when	O
they	O
are	O
coexpressed	O
.	O

Because	O
both	O
cellular	B-COMP
and	O
humoral	B-PROC
immune	I-PROC
responses	I-PROC
are	O
generated	O
by	O
gene	O
-	O
based	O
vaccination	O
and	O
inactivated	O
viral	O
boosting	O
,	O
this	O
strategy	O
may	O
prove	O
useful	O
in	O
the	O
generation	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
vaccines	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Only	O
a	O
relatively	O
few	O
mutations	O
in	O
its	O
spike	O
protein	O
allow	O
the	O
murine	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
to	O
switch	O
from	O
a	O
murine	B-SPEC
-	O
restricted	O
tropism	B-PROC
to	O
an	O
extended	O
host	B-COMP
range	O
by	O
being	O
passaged	O
in	O
vitro	O
.	O

The	O
adaptation	B-PROC
of	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
through	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
heparan	B-CHED
sulfate	I-CHED
as	O
an	O
attachment	O
/	O
entry	O
receptor	O
was	O
demonstrated	O
by	O
increased	O
heparin	B-FUNC
binding	I-FUNC
as	O
well	O
as	O
by	O
inhibition	B-PROC
of	O
infection	B-DISO
through	O
treatment	O
of	O
cells	B-COMP
and	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
with	O
heparinase	B-ENZY
and	O
heparin	B-CHED
,	O
respectively	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
exhibits	O
a	O
high	O
mortality	O
rate	O
and	O
the	O
potential	O
for	O
rapid	O
epidemic	O
spread	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
RNA	O
amplification	B-DISO
methods	O
have	O
been	O
demonstrated	O
to	O
be	O
more	O
sensitive	O
for	O
the	O
detection	O
of	O
some	O
RNA	O
viruses	B-SPEC
.	O

The	O
N	O
targets	O
were	O
found	O
to	O
be	O
consistently	O
more	O
sensitive	O
than	O
the	O
Pol	B-PRGE
targets	I-PRGE
,	O
and	O
the	O
real	O
-	O
time	O
NASBA	O
assay	O
demonstrates	O
equivalent	O
sensitivity	O
when	O
compared	O
to	O
testing	O
by	O
real	O
-	O
time	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
.	O

Similarly	O
,	O
the	O
sera	B-COMP
of	O
immunized	O
mice	B-SPEC
could	O
also	O
react	O
specifically	O
with	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
particles	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Recombinant	B-PRGE
N	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
reacted	O
strongly	O
and	O
specifically	O
with	O
the	O
sera	B-COMP
from	O
immunized	O
mice	B-SPEC
and	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Undiagnosed	O
cases	O
of	O
respiratory	O
tract	O
disease	O
suspected	O
of	O
an	O
infectious	B-DISO
aetiology	O
peak	O
during	O
the	O
winter	O
months	O
.	O

Although	O
virus	B-SPEC
isolation	O
and	O
serology	O
were	O
useful	O
early	O
in	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
outbreak	O
for	O
diagnosing	O
new	O
cases	O
,	O
these	O
tests	O
are	O
not	O
generally	O
useful	O
because	O
virus	B-SPEC
culture	O
requires	O
a	O
BSL	O
-	O
3	O
laboratory	O
and	O
seroconversion	O
is	O
often	O
delayed	O
until	O
2	O
to	O
3	O
weeks	O
after	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

Ten	O
rhesus	B-SPEC
monkeys	I-SPEC
were	O
divided	O
into	O
two	O
groups	O
,	O
5	O
in	O
interferon	O
group	O
,	O
and	O
5	O
in	O
control	O
group	O
.	O

Among	O
which	O
,	O
one	O
monkey	B-SPEC
showed	O
part	O
of	O
thickened	O
septum	B-COMP
fused	O
with	O
each	O
other	O
.	O

These	O
lesions	O
in	O
the	O
interferon	B-PRGE
treated	O
animals	B-SPEC
were	O
similar	O
to	O
those	O
seen	O
in	O
the	O
animals	B-SPEC
in	O
control	O
group	O
,	O
but	O
with	O
smaller	O
scope	O
of	O
pathological	O
changes	O
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
Recombinant	B-PRGE
IFN	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
alpha2b	I-PRGE
could	O
effectively	O
interdict	O
or	O
weaken	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
injury	O
in	O
monkeys	B-SPEC
.	O

The	O
incidence	O
of	O
exanthem	B-DISO
in	O
the	O
control	O
group	O
was	O
significantly	O
higher	O
than	O
that	O
in	O
the	O
experimental	O
group	O
.	O

The	O
side	B-DISO
effect	I-DISO
of	O
bloody	O
nasal	B-ANAT
mucus	I-ANAT
was	O
not	O
observed	O
in	O
experimental	O
group	O
,	O
which	O
had	O
been	O
reported	O
by	O
other	O
authors	O
in	O
several	O
volunteer	O
studies	O
.	O

Using	O
recombinant	B-PRGE
human	I-PRGE
interferon	I-PRGE
alpha	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
2b	I-PRGE
for	O
nasal	B-ANAT
spray	O
could	O
lead	O
to	O
some	O
influenza	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
like	I-DISO
symptoms	I-DISO
,	O
however	O
,	O
all	O
those	O
symptoms	O
were	O
mild	O
,	O
reversible	O
,	O
and	O
relieved	O
after	O
completion	O
of	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
the	O
trial	O
drug	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
During	O
the	O
period	O
of	O
using	O
interferon	O
,	O
body	B-ANAT
temperature	O
of	O
the	O
experimental	O
group	O
was	O
normal	O
compared	O
to	O
the	O
control	O
group	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
A	O
field	O
trial	O
of	O
recombinant	B-PRGE
human	I-PRGE
interferon	I-PRGE
alpha	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
2b	I-PRGE
for	O
nasal	B-ANAT
spray	O
to	O
prevent	O
SARS	B-DISO
and	O
other	O
respiratory	O
viral	O
infections	O
].	O

The	O
recombinant	B-PRGE
human	I-PRGE
interferon	I-PRGE
alpha	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
2b	I-PRGE
for	O
nasal	B-ANAT
spray	O
could	O
decrease	O
the	O
rates	O
of	O
common	O
respiratory	O
viruses	B-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
in	O
the	O
selected	O
population	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Three	O
recombinant	O
plasmids	O
(	O
pQE	O
-	O
30	O
/	O
S1a	B-PRGE
,	O
pQE	O
-	O
30	O
/	O
S1b	B-PRGE
,	O
pQE	O
-	O
30	O
/	O
S1c	O
)	O
were	O
constructed	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Cross	O
-	O
reactivity	O
of	O
antibody	B-COMP
against	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
coronavirus	B-SPEC
nucleocapsid	B-COMP
protein	B-CHED
with	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
11	I-FUNC
.	O

In	O
particular	O
,	O
the	O
spike	O
protein	B-CHED
fusion	O
core	O
and	O
the	O
main	O
protease	O
have	O
been	O
the	O
most	O
extensively	O
studied	O
,	O
with	O
the	O
aim	O
of	O
designing	O
anti	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
SARS	I-PRGE
therapeutics	O
.	O

Attention	O
is	O
now	O
being	O
focused	O
on	O
replicase	B-PRGE
proteins	I-PRGE
,	O
which	O
should	O
enhance	O
our	O
understanding	O
of	O
the	O
replication	O
and	O
transcription	B-PROC
machinery	O
.	O

The	O
extent	O
and	O
severity	O
of	O
the	O
lung	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
associated	O
with	O
ALI	O
varies	O
with	O
those	O
patients	O
having	O
the	O
most	O
severe	O
manifestations	O
of	O
lung	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
being	O
grouped	O
as	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Successful	O
treatment	O
of	O
a	O
patient	O
with	O
severe	O
Churg	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
Strauss	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
by	O
a	O
combination	O
of	O
pulse	B-PROC
corticosteroids	B-CHED
,	O
pulse	B-PROC
cyclophosphamide	B-CHED
,	O
and	O
high	O
-	O
dose	O
intravenous	O
immunoglobulin	B-PROC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
A	O
24	O
-	O
year	O
-	O
old	O
woman	O
with	O
a	O
4	O
-	O
year	O
history	O
of	O
bronchial	B-DISO
asthma	B-PATH
suffered	B-DISO
from	O
bloody	B-DISO
sputum	I-DISO
,	O
numbness	B-DISO
of	O
the	O
extremities	B-ANAT
,	O
elevated	O
eosinophil	B-ANAT
count	O
,	O
and	O
hypoxemia	O
.	O

Levels	O
of	O
antimyeloperoxidase	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
antineutrophil	I-PRGE
cytoplasmic	I-PRGE
antibodies	B-COMP
,	O
soluble	O
thrombomodulin	B-PRGE
,	O
soluble	O
interleukin	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
receptor	I-PRGE
,	O
eosinophil	B-ANAT
cationic	O
protein	B-CHED
were	O
elevated	O
and	O
returned	O
to	O
the	O
normal	O
range	O
in	O
remission	O
.	O

Cough	B-DISO
was	O
frequent	O
in	O
both	O
patients	O
with	O
uncomplicated	O
malaria	B-PATH
(	O
50	O
%)	O
and	O
those	O
with	O
severe	O
malaria	B-PATH
(	O
30	O
%)	O
and	O
resolved	O
by	O
day	O
14	O
.	O

Pulmonary	B-DISO
complications	I-DISO
of	O
leptospirosis	B-DISO
were	O
defined	O
as	O
the	O
occurrence	O
of	O
respiratory	B-DISO
symptoms	I-DISO
and	O
an	O
abnormal	O
CXR	O
.	O

Among	O
the	O
157	O
patients	O
with	O
leptospirosis	B-DISO
,	O
eight	O
patients	O
had	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
complications	I-DISO
.	O

Three	O
patients	O
had	O
acute	B-DISO
renal	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
(	O
ARF	B-DISO
)	O
and	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
oedema	I-DISO
.	O

Factors	O
associated	O
with	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
complications	I-DISO
were	O
delayed	O
antibiotic	B-CHED
treatment	O
and	O
thrombocytopenia	O
(	O
platelet	B-ANAT
count	O
<	O
100	O
x	O
10	O
(	O
9	O
)/	O
L	O
).	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Among	O
the	O
157	O
patients	O
with	O
leptospirosis	B-DISO
,	O
eight	O
patients	O
had	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
complications	I-DISO
.	O

We	O
measured	O
systemic	O
and	O
mesenteric	B-ANAT
(	O
portal	B-ANAT
venous	B-ANAT
blood	I-ANAT
flow	O
,	O
jejunal	B-ANAT
mucosal	B-ANAT
perfusion	O
)	O
haemodynamic	O
parameters	O
,	O
mesenteric	B-ANAT
oxygenation	B-PROC
(	O
jejunal	B-ANAT
tissue	B-ANAT
oxygen	B-PROC
tension	B-DISO
)	O
and	O
systemic	O
cytokines	O
(	O
tumour	B-PRGE
necrosis	I-PRGE
factor	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
alpha	I-PRGE
and	O
interleukin	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
6	I-PRGE
).	O

We	O
calculated	O
mesenteric	B-ANAT
lactate	B-CHED
flux	O
and	O
mesenteric	B-ANAT
oxygen	B-CHED
delivery	O
,	O
uptake	O
and	O
extraction	O
ratio	O
.	O

In	O
the	O
animals	B-SPEC
given	O
3H	O
-	O
OA	O
,	O
we	O
measured	O
3H	O
-	O
OA	O
in	O
different	O
tissues	B-ANAT
(	O
lungs	B-ANAT
,	O
heart	B-ANAT
,	O
liver	B-ANAT
,	O
kidney	B-ANAT
,	O
stomach	B-ANAT
,	O
jejunum	B-ANAT
,	O
colon	B-ANAT
and	O
arterial	B-ANAT
blood	I-ANAT
).	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Little	O
information	O
is	O
available	O
on	O
persistent	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
CoV	O
).	O

In	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
we	O
established	O
persistent	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
in	O
the	O
Vero	O
E6	O
cell	B-ANAT
line	I-ANAT
.	O

The	O
objectives	O
of	O
this	O
study	O
were	O
to	O
develop	O
a	O
rapid	O
immunoturbidimetric	O
assay	O
for	O
measurement	O
of	O
AGP	O
in	O
feline	B-SPEC
serum	B-COMP
and	O
peritoneal	B-ANAT
fluid	I-ANAT
and	O
to	O
compare	O
the	O
results	O
with	O
those	O
obtained	O
by	O
RID	O
.	O

Clinical	O
samples	O
of	O
feline	B-SPEC
peritoneal	B-ANAT
fluid	I-ANAT
(	O
n	O
=	O
55	O
)	O
and	O
serum	B-COMP
(	O
n	O
=	O
59	O
)	O
were	O
assayed	O
for	O
AGP	O
and	O
results	O
from	O
the	O
immunoturbidimetric	O
and	O
RID	O
methods	O
were	O
compared	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Sensitivity	O
of	O
Tru	O
-	O
cut	B-PRGE
and	O
fine	O
needle	O
aspiration	B-DISO
biopsies	O
of	O
liver	B-ANAT
and	O
kidney	B-ANAT
for	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
feline	O
infectious	O
peritonitis	O
.	O

Diagnostic	O
sensitivity	O
was	O
calculated	O
on	O
the	O
basis	O
of	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
false	O
-	O
negative	O
and	O
true	O
-	O
positive	O
specimens	O
,	O
compared	O
with	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
organs	B-ANAT
bearing	O
histologic	O
lesions	O
of	O
FIP	B-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
crystal	B-ANAT
structure	O
of	O
a	O
conserved	O
domain	O
of	O
nonstructural	O
protein	B-CHED
3	O
(	O
nsP3	O
)	O
from	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
has	O
been	O
solved	O
by	O
single	O
-	O
wavelength	O
anomalous	O
dispersion	O
to	O
1	O
.	O
4	O
A	O
resolution	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Development	B-PROC
of	O
one	O
-	O
step	O
,	O
real	O
-	O
time	O
,	O
quantitative	O
reverse	B-PRGE
transcriptase	I-PRGE
PCR	O
assays	O
for	O
absolute	O
quantitation	O
of	O
human	O
coronaviruses	O
OC43	O
and	O
229E	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
clinical	O
significance	O
of	O
human	B-SPEC
coronaviruses	O
in	O
more	O
severe	O
respiratory	O
illnesses	O
has	O
recently	O
been	O
shown	O
to	O
be	O
higher	O
than	O
was	O
previously	O
assumed	O
.	O

Rapid	O
and	O
reliable	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
human	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
infections	O
therefore	O
becomes	O
indispensable	O
in	O
a	O
routine	O
clinical	O
setting	O
.	O

The	O
HCoV	O
OC43	O
assay	O
allows	O
quantitation	O
over	O
a	O
range	O
from	O
20	O
to	O
2	O
x	O
10	O
(	O
8	O
)	O
RNA	O
copies	O
per	O
reaction	O
mixture	B-CHED
(	O
5	O
microl	O
RNA	O
extract	O
).	O

The	O
real	O
-	O
time	O
qRT	O
-	O
PCR	O
assays	O
described	O
here	O
allow	O
the	O
rapid	O
,	O
specific	O
,	O
and	O
sensitive	O
laboratory	O
detection	O
and	O
quantitation	O
of	O
human	B-SPEC
coronaviruses	O
OC43	O
and	O
229E	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Transfer	O
of	O
the	O
hematopoietic	B-ANAT
stem	I-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
transplant	B-ANAT
patient	O
to	O
the	O
intensive	O
care	O
unit	O
:	O
does	O
it	O
really	O
matter	O
?	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
We	O
critically	O
reviewed	O
published	O
English	O
language	O
literature	O
and	O
concluded	O
that	O
from	O
1998	O
onward	O
the	O
survival	O
of	O
hematopoietic	O
stem	O
cell	O
transplant	B-ANAT
(	O
SCT	B-DISO
)	O
patients	O
who	O
experienced	O
intensive	O
care	O
unit	O
(	O
ICU	O
)	O
transfer	O
has	O
improved	O
.	O

New	O
strategies	O
to	O
improve	O
upon	O
SCT	O
patient	O
outcome	O
include	O
use	O
of	O
a	O
scoring	O
system	O
to	O
predict	O
mortality	O
,	O
better	O
therapies	O
for	O
MOSF	O
and	O
integration	B-PROC
of	O
ICU	O
components	O
and	O
multispecialist	O
involvement	O
earlier	O
in	O
the	O
clinical	O
course	O
to	O
prevent	O
severe	O
complications	O
such	O
as	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Receptor	O
-	O
binding	B-FUNC
domain	O
of	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
Cov	I-PRGE
spike	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
:	O
soluble	O
expression	B-PROC
in	O
E	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
coli	I-SPEC
,	O
purification	O
and	O
functional	O
characterization	O
.	O

The	O
geometrical	O
mean	O
of	O
GST	B-PRGE
and	O
GST	B-PRGE
/	O
RBD	O
binding	B-FUNC
to	O
Vero	O
E6	O
cells	B-COMP
were	O
77	O
.	O
08	O
and	O
352	O
.	O
73	O
respectively	O
.	O

The	O
viscosity	O
of	O
total	O
blood	B-ANAT
and	O
plasma	B-ANAT
,	O
the	O
hematocrit	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
erythrocyte	B-ANAT
osmotic	O
fragility	B-DISO
were	O
all	O
increased	O
.	O

ICAM	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
genetic	O
expression	O
moved	O
up	O
after	O
1	O
h	O
and	O
reached	O
its	O
peak	O
value	O
after	O
9	O
h	O
.	O
MD	O
plays	O
an	O
important	O
role	O
in	O
ASP	B-CHED
following	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
(	O
ALI	O
).	O

The	O
case	O
fatality	O
rate	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
in	O
Beijing	O
was	O
7	O
.	O
66	O
%,	O
and	O
had	O
an	O
ascending	O
trend	O
while	O
the	O
age	O
of	O
cases	O
was	O
getting	O
older	O
,	O
and	O
a	O
descending	O
trend	O
while	O
the	O
epidemic	O
development	B-PROC
.	O

The	O
risk	O
of	O
death	B-PROC
increases	O
with	O
the	O
increment	O
of	O
age	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
.	O

Classic	O
plasma	B-ANAT
markers	O
of	O
endothelial	B-ANAT
injury	O
,	O
tPA	B-FUNC
and	O
sTM	O
significantly	O
elevated	O
in	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
in	O
comparison	O
to	O
controls	O
[	O
t	O
-	O
PA	O
:	O
1	O
.	O
48	O
+/-	O

It	O
may	O
not	O
only	O
provide	O
a	O
useful	O
treatment	O
and	O
prognostic	O
index	O
but	O
also	O
allow	O
a	O
further	O
understanding	O
of	O
the	O
pathological	O
condition	B-DISO
of	O
the	O
disease	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Serological	O
responses	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
infection	I-DISO
and	O
cross	O
-	O
reactivity	O
with	O
human	O
coronaviruses	O
229E	O
,	O
OC43	O
,	O
and	O
NL63	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
serological	O
response	O
profile	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
CoV	O
)	O
infection	B-DISO
was	O
defined	O
by	O
neutralization	O
tests	O
and	O
subclass	B-SPEC
-	O
specific	O
immunofluorescent	O
(	O
IF	O
)	O
tests	O
using	O
serial	O
sera	B-COMP
from	O
20	O
patients	O
.	O

SARS	B-DISO
CoV	O
total	O
immunoglobulin	B-PROC
(	O
Ig	O
)	O
(	O
IgG	B-PRGE
,	O
IgA	B-PRGE
,	O
and	O
IgM	B-PRGE
[	O
IgGAM	O
])	O
was	O
the	O
first	O
antibody	B-COMP
to	O
be	O
detectable	O
.	O

There	O
was	O
no	O
difference	O
in	O
time	O
to	O
seroconversion	O
between	O
the	O
patients	O
who	O
survived	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
14	O
)	O
and	O
those	O
who	O
died	B-PROC
(	O
n	O
=	O
6	O
).	O

There	O
was	O
no	O
change	O
in	O
IF	O
IgG	B-PRGE
titer	O
for	O
virus	B-PRGE
capsid	B-ANAT
antigen	B-CHED
from	O
the	O
herpesvirus	B-SPEC
that	O
was	O
used	O
as	O
an	O
unrelated	O
control	O
,	O
Epstein	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
Barr	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
.	O

15c	O
showed	O
synergistic	O
antiviral	B-CHED
activity	O
with	O
AZT	B-CHED
.	O

Increasing	O
trends	O
of	O
incidences	O
of	O
several	O
of	O
these	O
bacteria	B-SPEC
causing	O
all	O
nosocomial	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
or	O
nosocomial	O
bloodstream	B-PROC
infections	B-DISO
were	O
noted	O
from	O
1991	O
to	O
2003	O
.	O

Of	O
the	O
participants	O
10	O
%	O
to	O
18	O
%	O
reported	O
symptoms	O
related	O
to	O
posttraumatic	B-DISO
stress	I-DISO
disorder	I-DISO
,	O
anxiety	O
,	O
and	O
depression	B-DISO
.	O

Participants	O
who	O
personally	O
knew	O
someone	O
who	O
had	O
SARS	B-DISO
were	O
more	O
likely	O
to	O
be	O
affected	O
by	O
depressive	B-DISO
symptoms	I-DISO
.	O

Studies	O
of	O
MHV	B-SPEC
and	O
other	O
coronaviruses	O
have	O
indicated	O
a	O
role	O
for	O
RNA	O
secondary	O
and	O
tertiary	O
elements	O
in	O
replication	O
.	O

When	O
the	O
identical	O
mutations	O
were	O
directly	O
inserted	O
into	O
the	O
MHV	B-SPEC
genome	O
,	O
most	O
mutant	B-DISO
genomes	O
were	O
viable	O
but	O
formed	O
smaller	O
plaques	B-DISO
than	O
the	O
wild	O
-	O
type	O
parent	O
virus	B-SPEC
.	O

One	O
mutant	B-DISO
was	O
not	O
viable	O
.	O

Angiotensin	B-PRGE
converting	I-PRGE
enzyme	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
(	O
ACE2	B-PRGE
),	O
the	O
receptor	O
for	O
both	O
the	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
and	O
the	O
related	O
human	B-SPEC
respiratory	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
NL63	O
,	O
was	O
expressed	B-PROC
in	O
human	B-SPEC
airway	B-ANAT
epithelia	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
lung	B-ANAT
parenchyma	I-ANAT
.	O

These	O
findings	O
have	O
implications	O
for	O
understanding	O
disease	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
associated	O
with	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
and	O
NL63	O
infections	B-DISO
.	O

To	O
determine	O
the	O
significance	O
of	O
the	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
group	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
specific	I-PRGE
ORFs	I-PRGE
in	O
virus	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
in	O
vitro	O
and	O
in	O
mice	B-SPEC
,	O
we	O
systematically	O
deleted	O
five	O
of	O
the	O
eight	O
group	O
-	O
specific	O
ORFs	O
,	O
ORF3a	O
,	O
OF3b	O
,	O
ORF6	B-PRGE
,	O
ORF7a	O
,	O
and	O
ORF7b	O
,	O
and	O
characterized	O
recombinant	O
virus	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
and	O
gene	B-PROC
expression	I-PROC
in	O
vitro	O
.	O

Deletion	O
of	O
the	O
group	O
-	O
specific	O
ORFs	O
of	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
,	O
either	O
alone	O
or	O
in	O
various	O
combinations	O
,	O
did	O
not	O
dramatically	O
influence	O
replication	O
efficiency	O
in	O
cell	B-COMP
culture	O
or	O
in	O
the	O
levels	O
of	O
viral	O
RNA	B-PROC
synthesis	I-PROC
.	O

The	O
greatest	O
reduction	O
in	O
virus	B-SPEC
growth	B-PROC
was	O
noted	O
following	O
ORF3a	O
deletion	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
A	O
6	O
-	O
year	O
-	O
old	O
girl	O
developed	O
shock	O
and	O
multiple	O
organ	O
dysfunction	O
including	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
in	O
association	O
with	O
parvovirus	B-DISO
B19	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
.	O

It	O
seems	O
likely	O
,	O
but	O
it	O
was	O
not	O
proved	O
,	O
that	O
the	O
parvovirus	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
caused	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

Our	O
data	O
suggests	O
that	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
NL63	O
causes	O
lower	B-ANAT
respiratory	I-ANAT
tract	I-ANAT
symptoms	O
and	O
is	O
acquired	O
in	O
early	O
life	O
.	O

In	O
order	B-SPEC
to	O
produce	O
a	O
large	O
amount	O
of	O
ScFv	B-PRGE
H12	I-PRGE
,	O
pET28a	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
H12	I-PRGE
expression	B-PROC
vector	O
was	O
constructed	O
and	O
ScFv	B-PRGE
H12	I-PRGE
was	O
expressed	B-PROC
at	O
yield	O
about	O
30	O
%	O
of	O
total	O
proteins	B-CHED
in	O
E	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
coli	I-SPEC
.	O

Here	O
two	O
different	O
refolding	O
procedures	O
were	O
used	O
to	O
refold	O
ScFv	O
H12	O
from	O
inclusion	B-COMP
body	I-COMP
:	O
gel	O
filtration	O
chromatography	O
and	O
dilution	O
.	O

The	O
results	O
showed	O
that	O
ScFv	B-PRGE
H12	I-PRGE
could	O
be	O
efficiently	O
refolded	O
by	O
both	O
procedures	O
.	O

The	O
outbreak	O
of	O
this	O
novel	O
disease	O
,	O
caused	O
by	O
a	O
novel	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
(	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
),	O
hit	O
hardest	O
in	O
the	O
Asian	O
Pacific	O
region	O
,	O
though	O
eventually	O
it	O
spread	O
to	O
five	O
continents	O
.	O

An	O
international	O
collaborative	O
effort	B-PROC
through	O
the	O
World	O
Health	O
Organization	O
(	O
WHO	O
)	O
has	O
helped	O
to	O
identify	O
the	O
aetiological	O
agent	O
about	O
1	O
month	O
after	O
the	O
onset	O
of	O
the	O
epidemic	O
.	O

The	O
power	O
of	O
molecular	O
biology	O
and	O
bioinformatics	O
has	O
enabled	O
the	O
complete	O
decoding	O
of	O
the	O
viral	B-COMP
genome	I-COMP
within	O
weeks	O
.	O

Over	O
1000	O
publications	O
on	O
the	O
phylogeny	O
,	O
epidemiology	O
,	O
genomics	O
,	O
laboratory	O
diagnostics	O
,	O
antiviral	B-CHED
,	O
immunization	O
,	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
,	O
clinical	O
disease	O
,	O
and	O
management	O
accumulated	O
within	O
just	O
1	O
year	O
.	O

This	O
article	O
reviews	O
what	O
is	O
currently	O
known	O
about	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
and	O
the	O
disease	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Validity	O
and	O
reliability	O
of	O
an	O
instrument	O
for	O
predictive	O
nursing	B-PROC
intention	O
for	O
SARS	B-DISO
patient	O
care	O
].	O

The	O
Three	O
-	O
phase	O
design	O
involved	O
a	O
)	O
salient	O
beliefs	O
generated	O
from	O
clinical	O
nurses	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
43	O
)	O
b	O
)	O
content	O
validation	O
by	O
expert	O
panel	O
evaluations	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
5	O
)	O
c	O
)	O
face	B-DISO
validation	O
by	O
plot	O
testing	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
10	O
)	O
d	O
)	O
and	O
instrument	O
validation	O
in	O
a	O
cross	O
sectional	O
survey	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
299	O
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
A	O
novel	O
fingerprint	O
map	O
for	O
detecting	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
.	O
ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Spike	O
(	O
S	O
)	O
protein	B-CHED
is	O
the	O
most	O
important	O
membrane	O
protein	B-CHED
on	O
the	O
surface	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
).	O

Recent	O
studies	O
point	O
out	O
to	O
a	O
cell	B-COMP
entry	O
mechanism	O
of	O
this	O
virus	B-SPEC
similar	O
to	O
other	O
enveloped	O
viruses	B-SPEC
,	O
such	O
as	O
HIV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
1	I-SPEC
.	O

A	O
prominent	O
example	O
,	O
central	O
to	O
our	O
current	O
understanding	O
of	O
epidemic	O
spread	O
,	O
is	O
the	O
basic	O
reproductive	B-PROC
number	O
,	O
R	O
(	O
0	O
),	O
which	O
is	O
defined	O
as	O
the	O
mean	O
number	O
of	O
infections	B-DISO
caused	O
by	O
an	O
infected	O
individual	O
in	O
a	O
susceptible	O
population	O
.	O

The	O
purpose	O
of	O
this	O
article	O
is	O
to	O
quantify	O
the	O
public	O
health	O
risk	O
associated	O
with	O
inhalation	O
of	O
indoor	O
airborne	O
infection	B-DISO
based	O
on	O
a	O
probabilistic	O
transmission	O
dynamic	O
modeling	O
approach	O
.	O

The	O
specific	O
IgG	B-PRGE
and	O
neutralizing	O
antibody	B-COMP
titers	O
peaked	O
at	O
approximately	O
week	O
7	O
after	O
the	O
first	O
immunization	O
,	O
with	O
a	O
maximum	O
value	O
of	O
1	O
:	O
14210	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
The	O
specific	O
IgG	B-PRGE
and	O
neutralizing	O
antibody	B-COMP
titers	O
peaked	O
at	O
approximately	O
week	O
7	O
after	O
the	O
first	O
immunization	O
,	O
with	O
a	O
maximum	O
value	O
of	O
1	O
:	O
14210	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
The	O
2003	O
SARS	B-DISO
outbreak	O
and	O
its	O
impact	O
on	O
infection	B-DISO
control	O
practices	O
.	O

The	O
efficiency	O
of	O
transmission	O
within	O
healthcare	O
facilities	O
was	O
recognised	O
following	O
significant	O
hospital	O
outbreaks	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
in	O
Canada	O
,	O
China	O
,	O
Hong	O
Kong	O
,	O
Singapore	O
,	O
Taiwan	O
and	O
Vietnam	O
.	O

Effective	O
and	O
safe	O
discharge	B-ANAT
criteria	O
were	O
established	O
from	O
the	O
lessons	O
learnt	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
United	O
Kingdom	O
was	O
assessed	O
as	O
a	O
low	O
risk	O
country	O
throughout	O
the	O
2003	O
global	O
SARS	B-DISO
outbreaks	O
.	O

Lessons	O
learned	B-PROC
from	O
mounting	O
a	O
UK	O
response	O
to	O
SARS	B-DISO
included	O
:	O
the	O
importance	O
of	O
international	O
collaboration	O
;	O
formation	B-PROC
of	O
a	O
UK	O
-	O
wide	O
,	O
multidisciplinary	O
Task	O
Force	O
;	O
flexible	O
case	O
reporting	O
mechanisms	O
;	O
integration	B-PROC
of	O
surveillance	O
and	O
laboratory	O
data	O
;	O
generation	O
of	O
prompt	O
and	O
web	B-DISO
-	O
accessible	O
guidance	O
and	O
advice	O
;	O
availability	O
of	O
surge	O
capacity	O
;	O
and	O
contingency	O
planning	O
.	O

These	O
studies	O
demonstrate	O
that	O
progenitor	B-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
-	O
mediated	O
remyelination	B-PROC
is	O
not	O
the	O
result	O
of	O
modulating	O
the	O
composition	O
of	O
the	O
cellular	B-DISO
infiltrate	I-DISO
nor	O
cytokine	O
expression	B-PROC
by	O
virus	B-SPEC
-	O
specific	O
T	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
and	O
suggest	O
that	O
remyelination	B-PROC
may	O
not	O
depend	O
on	O
amelioration	O
of	O
the	O
inflammatory	B-DISO
response	I-DISO
or	O
alteration	O
of	O
cytokine	B-PROC
secretion	I-PROC
by	O
virus	B-SPEC
-	O
specific	O
T	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
develop	O
CpG	O
oligodeoxynucleotides	O
(	O
CpG	O
ODNs	O
)	O
based	O
therapy	O
for	O
prevention	O
and	O
treatment	O
of	O
severe	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
),	O
we	O
selected	O
a	O
novel	O
CpG	O
ODN	O
(	O
BW001	O
),	O
which	O
displays	O
B	O
-	O
type	O
CpG	O
ODN	O
structure	O
feature	O
at	O
the	O
5	O
'	O
and	O
A	O
-	O
type	O
CpG	O
ODN	O
structure	O
feature	O
at	O
the	O
3	O
',	O
and	O
tested	O
for	O
its	O
anti	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
SARS	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
activity	O
.	O

BW001	O
could	O
stimulate	O
human	B-SPEC
PBMCs	O
and	O
pDCs	O
to	O
secrete	B-PROC
high	O
level	O
of	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
alpha	I-PRGE
and	O
promote	O
human	B-SPEC
PBMCs	O
and	O
B	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
to	O
proliferate	O
.	O

Participants	O
were	O
physicians	O
who	O
staffed	O
a	O
SARS	B-DISO
hotline	O
during	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
epidemic	O
in	O
Taipei	O
,	O
Taiwan	O
from	O
June	O
1	O
to	O
10	O
,	O
2003	O
.	O

The	O
results	O
obtained	O
suggest	O
that	O
knowledge	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
was	O
generally	O
good	O
although	O
obtained	O
from	O
both	O
medical	O
and	O
non	O
-	O
medical	O
sources	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
nucleocapsid	B-COMP
(	O
N	O
)	O
protein	B-CHED
is	O
a	O
viral	O
RNA	O
-	O
binding	B-FUNC
protein	B-CHED
with	O
multiple	O
functions	O
in	O
terms	O
of	O
virus	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
and	O
modulating	O
cell	B-COMP
signalling	B-PROC
pathways	B-PROC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Porcine	B-SPEC
epidemic	I-SPEC
diarrhea	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
),	O
a	O
member	O
of	O
the	O
family	B-SPEC
Coronaviridae	I-SPEC
,	O
has	O
caused	O
a	O
devastating	O
enteric	O
disease	O
in	O
the	O
Korean	O
swine	B-SPEC
industry	O
.	O

This	O
suggests	O
that	O
measurement	O
of	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
shedding	O
viral	O
load	O
in	O
pigs	B-SPEC
,	O
by	O
quantitative	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
,	O
may	O
be	O
a	O
useful	O
tool	O
for	O
estimating	O
the	O
transmission	O
potential	O
of	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
in	O
the	O
swine	B-SPEC
population	O
.	O

Of	O
19	O
surviving	O
grafts	B-ANAT
,	O
18	O
(	O
95	O
%)	O
remain	O
steroid	B-CHED
and	O
15	O
(	O
79	O
%)	O
CNI	O
-	O
free	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Age	O
-	O
and	O
gender	O
-	O
related	O
difference	O
of	O
ACE2	B-PRGE
expression	B-PROC
in	O
rat	B-ANAT
lung	I-ANAT
.	O

ACE2	B-PRGE
was	O
predominantly	O
expressed	B-PROC
in	O
alveolar	B-ANAT
epithelium	I-ANAT
,	O
bronchiolar	B-ANAT
epithelium	B-ANAT
,	O
endothelium	B-ANAT
and	O
smooth	B-COMP
muscle	I-COMP
cells	I-COMP
of	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
vessels	B-ANAT
with	O
similar	O
content	O
,	O
whereas	O
no	O
obvious	O
signal	O
was	O
detected	O
in	O
the	O
bronchiolar	B-ANAT
smooth	B-COMP
muscle	I-COMP
cells	I-COMP
.	O

In	O
conclusion	O
,	O
the	O
more	O
elevated	O
ACE2	O
in	O
young	O
adults	O
as	O
compared	O
to	O
aged	O
groups	O
may	O
contribute	O
to	O
the	O
predominance	O
in	O
SARS	B-DISO
attacks	O
in	O
this	O
age	O
group	O
.	O

Accumulation	O
of	O
hypo	O
-	O
or	O
non	O
-	O
phosphorylated	O
pRb	B-PRGE
thus	O
prevents	O
cell	B-PROC
cycle	I-PROC
progression	I-PROC
at	O
G0	O
/	O
G1	B-PROC
phase	I-PROC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
SARS	B-DISO
:	O
understanding	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
and	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
rational	O
therapy	O
.	O

A	O
hitherto	O
unknown	O
animal	B-SPEC
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
CoV	O
)	O
that	O
had	O
crossed	O
the	O
species	B-SPEC
barrier	O
through	O
close	O
contact	O
of	O
humans	B-SPEC
with	O
infected	O
animals	B-SPEC
was	O
identified	O
as	O
the	O
etiological	O
agent	O
.	O

Increasingly	O
,	O
however	O
,	O
the	O
government	O
has	O
become	O
involved	O
in	O
more	O
targeted	B-PROC
countermeasure	O
development	B-PROC
efforts	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
A	O
point	B-PROC
mutation	I-PROC
within	O
the	O
replicase	B-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
differentially	O
affects	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
genome	O
versus	O
minigenome	O
replication	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
During	O
the	O
construction	O
of	O
the	O
transmissible	O
gastroenteritis	O
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
)	O
full	O
-	O
length	O
cDNA	O
clone	O
,	O
a	O
point	B-PROC
mutation	I-PROC
at	O
position	O
637	O
that	O
was	O
present	O
in	O
the	O
defective	O
minigenome	O
DI	O
-	O
C	O
was	O
maintained	O
as	O
a	O
genetic	B-PROC
marker	I-PROC
.	O

In	O
contrast	O
,	O
T	O
or	O
A	O
at	O
position	O
637	O
was	O
required	O
for	O
minigenome	O
rescue	O
in	O
trans	O
by	O
the	O
helper	O
virus	B-SPEC
.	O

This	O
position	O
is	O
predicted	O
to	O
map	O
in	O
the	O
N	O
-	O
terminal	O
polyprotein	O
papain	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
like	I-PRGE
proteinase	B-PROC
(	O
PLP	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
)	O
cleavage	B-PROC
site	O
at	O
the	O
p9	O
/	O
p87	B-PRGE
junction	O
.	O

Competition	O
experiments	O
with	O
mixed	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
revealed	O
that	O
this	O
was	O
not	O
due	O
to	O
the	O
enzymatic	B-PROC
activity	I-PROC
:	O
MHVs	O
expressing	O
HE	O
+	O
or	O
HE0	O
propagated	O
with	O
equal	O
efficiencies	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
viral	O
proteins	B-CHED
other	O
than	O
S	O
also	O
contribute	O
to	O
pathogenicity	O
.	O

The	O
expression	B-PROC
of	O
HE	O
in	O
combination	O
with	O
A59	O
S	O
did	O
not	O
affect	O
the	O
tropism	B-PROC
,	O
pathogenicity	O
,	O
or	O
spread	O
of	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
in	O
vivo	O
.	O

Here	O
,	O
we	O
report	O
the	O
identification	O
and	O
characterization	O
of	O
a	O
316	O
-	O
amino	O
-	O
acid	O
catalytic	O
core	O
domain	O
of	O
PLpro	O
that	O
can	O
efficiently	O
cleave	O
replicase	B-PRGE
substrates	O
in	O
trans	O
-	O
cleavage	B-PROC
assays	O
and	O
peptide	B-CHED
substrates	O
in	O
fluorescent	O
resonance	O
energy	B-PROC
transfer	I-PROC
-	O
based	O
protease	O
assays	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
The	O
papain	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
like	I-PRGE
protease	I-PRGE
from	O
the	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
is	O
a	O
deubiquitinating	B-PROC
enzyme	I-FUNC
.	O

In	O
order	B-SPEC
to	O
confirm	O
this	O
prediction	O
,	O
we	O
overexpressed	O
and	O
purified	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
PLpro	I-PRGE
(	O
amino	B-CHED
acids	I-CHED
[	O
aa	O
]	O
1507	O
to	O
1858	O
)	O
from	O
Escherichia	B-SPEC
coli	I-SPEC
.	O

To	O
this	O
end	O
,	O
the	O
soR	B-PRGE
domain	I-PRGE
was	O
coupled	O
to	O
single	O
-	O
chain	O
monoclonal	O
antibody	B-COMP
425	O
,	O
which	O
is	O
directed	O
against	O
the	O
human	B-SPEC
epidermal	B-PRGE
growth	B-PROC
factor	I-PRGE
receptor	I-PRGE
(	O
EGFR	B-FUNC
),	O
resulting	O
in	O
a	O
bispecific	O
adapter	O
protein	B-CHED
(	O
soR	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
425	I-PRGE
).	O

Using	O
reciprocal	O
bone	B-ANAT
marrow	I-ANAT
transplantation	O
(	O
BMT	B-ENZY
)	O
to	O
generate	O
HO	O
-	O
1	O
-	O
chimeric	O
mice	B-SPEC
,	O
we	O
found	O
that	O
absence	O
of	O
HO	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
in	O
the	O
lung	B-ANAT
parenchyma	I-ANAT
,	O
not	O
in	O
bone	B-ANAT
marrow	I-ANAT
-	O
derived	O
inflammatory	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
,	O
was	O
responsible	O
for	O
enhanced	O
SP	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
B	I-PRGE
downregulation	B-PROC
and	O
severe	O
physiologic	O
lung	B-ANAT
dysfunction	O
.	O

These	O
findings	O
suggest	O
a	O
possible	O
role	O
of	O
S	O
and	O
S2	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
in	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
induced	O
apoptosis	B-PATH
and	O
the	O
molecular	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
.	O

Over	O
8439	O
SARS	B-DISO
cases	O
and	O
812	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
related	O
deaths	B-PROC
were	O
reported	O
to	O
the	O
World	O
Health	O
Organization	O
from	O
32	O
countries	O
around	O
the	O
world	O
up	O
to	O
5	O
July	O
2003	O
.	O

The	O
mechanism	O
of	O
transmission	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
has	O
been	O
limited	O
only	O
to	O
close	O
contacts	O
with	O
patients	O
.	O

The	O
nucleic	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
was	O
found	O
in	O
the	O
sewage	O
before	O
disinfection	O
from	O
both	O
hospitals	O
by	O
PCR	O
.	O

In	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
we	O
found	O
that	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
can	O
survive	O
for	O
14	O
days	O
in	O
sewage	O
at	O
4	O
degrees	O
C	O
,	O
2	O
days	O
at	O
20	O
degrees	O
C	O
,	O
and	O
its	O
RNA	O
can	O
be	O
detected	O
for	O
8	O
days	O
though	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
had	O
been	O
inactivated	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Humanized	O
mice	O
are	O
crucial	O
tools	O
for	O
studying	O
human	B-SPEC
pathogens	O
in	O
systemic	O
situations	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Progressive	O
cavitating	O
leukoencephalopathy	B-DISO
:	O
a	O
novel	O
childhood	O
disease	O
.	O

After	O
repeated	O
episodes	O
,	O
areas	O
of	O
tissue	B-ANAT
loss	O
coalesce	O
with	O
older	O
lesions	O
to	O
become	O
larger	O
cystic	O
regions	O
in	O
brain	B-ANAT
or	O
spinal	B-ANAT
cord	I-ANAT
.	O

Diffuse	O
spasticity	B-DISO
,	O
dementia	B-DISO
,	O
vegetative	B-DISO
state	I-DISO
,	O
or	O
death	B-PROC
ensues	O
.	O

Pathological	O
studies	O
show	O
severe	O
loss	O
of	O
myelin	B-COMP
sparing	O
U	O
-	O
fibers	O
,	O
axonal	O
disruption	O
,	O
and	O
cavitary	O
lesions	O
without	O
inflammation	B-DISO
.	O

Familial	O
occurrence	O
and	O
consanguinity	O
suggest	O
autosomal	B-COMP
recessive	B-PROC
inheritance	I-PROC
of	O
this	O
distinct	O
entity	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
review	O
the	O
clinicopathological	O
findings	O
in	O
naturally	O
-	O
occurring	O
,	O
histopathologically	O
confirmed	O
cases	O
of	O
feline	O
infectious	O
peritonitis	O
in	O
client	O
-	O
owned	O
cats	B-SPEC
in	O
Sydney	O
,	O
Australia	O
,	O
with	O
the	O
purpose	O
of	O
identifying	O
factors	O
assisting	O
in	O
the	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
this	O
complex	O
disease	O
syndrome	B-DISO
and	O
to	O
characterise	O
the	O
disease	O
as	O
it	O
occurs	O
in	O
this	O
region	O
.	O

Significant	O
features	O
of	O
this	O
study	O
that	O
unique	O
to	O
the	O
contemporary	O
literature	O
are	O
i	O
)	O
the	O
over	O
-	O
representation	O
of	O
certain	O
breeds	O
(	O
Burmese	O
,	O
Australian	O
Mist	O
,	O
British	O
Shorthaired	O
,	O
and	O
Cornish	O
Rex	B-FUNC
)	O
and	O
the	O
under	O
-	O
representation	O
of	O
other	O
breeds	B-PROC
(	O
Domestic	O
Shorthaired	O
,	O
Persian	O
);	O
ii	O
)	O
the	O
overrepresentation	O
of	O
males	O
;	O
iii	O
)	O
the	O
tendency	O
for	O
effusive	O
disease	O
in	O
Australian	O
Mist	O
cats	B-SPEC
and	O
non	O
-	O
effusive	O
disease	O
in	O
Burmese	O
;	O
iv	O
)	O
the	O
even	O
age	O
distribution	O
of	O
disease	O
seen	O
in	O
cats	B-SPEC
older	O
than	O
2	O
years	O
-	O
of	O
-	O
age	O
;	O
and	O
v	O
)	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
fulminant	O
immune	O
-	O
mediated	O
haemolytic	B-DISO
anaemia	I-DISO
in	O
two	O
cats	B-SPEC
in	O
this	O
study	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
When	O
family	B-SPEC
-	O
centered	O
care	O
is	O
challenged	O
by	O
infectious	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
:	O
pediatric	O
health	O
care	O
delivery	O
during	O
the	O
SARS	O
outbreaks	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
In	O
this	O
ethnographic	O
study	O
,	O
the	O
authors	O
examined	O
the	O
experiences	O
and	O
perspectives	O
of	O
children	O
hospitalized	O
because	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
(	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
),	O
their	O
parents	O
,	O
and	O
pediatric	O
health	O
care	O
providers	O
.	O

Issues	O
related	O
to	O
social	O
isolation	O
due	O
to	O
infection	B-DISO
control	O
precautions	O
were	O
predominant	O
.	O

A	O
phylogenetic	O
tree	O
constructed	O
from	O
these	O
amplimers	O
,	O
that	O
spanned	O
the	O
HVR	O
of	O
the	O
S1	B-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
,	O
revealed	O
the	O
IBV	B-SPEC
isolates	O
clustered	O
into	O
two	O
demarcated	O
groups	O
which	O
had	O
<	O
60	O
%	O
homology	O
.	O

Our	O
findings	O
have	O
implications	O
for	O
understanding	O
the	O
pathogenesis	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
and	O
for	O
SARS	B-DISO
vaccine	O
research	O
and	O
development	B-PROC
.	O

One	O
hundred	O
and	O
thirty	O
-	O
three	O
patients	O
referred	O
from	O
a	O
SARS	B-DISO
Review	O
Clinic	O
solely	O
for	O
physiotherapy	O
were	O
included	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Immunopathogenesis	O
of	O
coronavirus	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
:	O
implications	O
for	O
SARS	B-DISO
.	O

We	O
discuss	O
the	O
differential	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
upper	O
airway	B-DISO
obstructions	I-DISO
and	O
of	O
the	O
entities	O
related	O
to	O
bronchial	B-ANAT
cast	B-ANAT
formation	B-PROC
,	O
in	O
particular	O
the	O
clinical	O
and	O
pathophysiological	O
features	O
of	O
plastic	B-DISO
bronchitis	I-DISO
and	O
the	O
treatment	O
options	O
available	O
.	O

Yolk	B-PRGE
immunoglobulin	B-PROC
(	O
IgY	O
)	O
was	O
extracted	O
using	O
the	O
water	B-CHED
dilution	O
method	O
,	O
followed	O
by	O
further	O
purification	O
on	O
a	O
Sephadex	O
G	O
-	O
75	O
column	B-ANAT
.	O

Lyophilization	O
and	O
stability	O
tests	O
showed	O
that	O
lyophilized	O
anti	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
SARS	I-PRGE
coronavirus	B-SPEC
IgY	I-PRGE
had	O
promising	O
physical	O
properties	O
,	O
with	O
no	O
significant	O
reduction	O
in	O
reactive	O
activity	O
and	O
good	O
thermal	O
stability	O
.	O

This	O
article	O
demonstrates	O
a	O
genome	O
-	O
to	O
-	O
drug	O
-	O
lead	O
approach	O
that	O
uses	O
terascale	O
computing	O
to	O
model	O
flexible	O
regions	O
of	O
proteins	B-CHED
,	O
thus	O
permitting	O
the	O
utilization	O
of	O
genetic	O
information	O
to	O
identify	O
drug	O
leads	O
expeditiously	O
.	O

These	O
results	O
show	O
that	O
respiratory	B-DISO
virus	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
-	O
particularly	O
influenza	B-SPEC
virus	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
during	O
epidemic	O
periods	B-PROC
-	O
is	O
common	O
among	O
patients	O
hospitalized	O
for	O
acute	O
cardiorespiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
.	O

A	O
strong	O
link	O
was	O
found	O
between	O
the	O
rate	O
of	O
influenza	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
positivity	O
and	O
the	O
incidence	O
of	O
flu	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
like	I-DISO
illness	I-DISO
in	O
the	O
community	O
(	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
017	O
).	O

Because	O
X4	O
does	O
not	O
reveal	O
significant	O
sequence	O
homologies	O
to	O
proteins	B-CHED
in	O
the	O
data	O
bases	B-CHED
,	O
we	O
carried	O
out	O
a	O
structure	O
based	O
similarity	O
search	O
for	O
proteins	B-CHED
with	O
known	O
function	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
The	O
N	O
-	O
terminal	O
octapeptide	O
acts	O
as	O
a	O
dimerization	O
inhibitor	B-CHED
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
3C	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
like	I-PRGE
proteinase	B-FUNC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
A	O
case	O
of	O
influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
community	O
-	O
acquired	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
in	O
an	O
elderly	O
subject	O
hospitalised	O
in	O
intensive	O
care	O
unit	O
].	O

Influenza	B-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
is	O
a	O
significant	O
cause	O
of	O
morbidity	O
and	O
mortality	O
,	O
especially	O
during	O
influenza	B-DISO
epidemics	O
.	O

In	O
addition	O
,	O
based	O
on	O
both	O
peptide	B-CHED
-	O
based	O
assay	O
and	O
autocleavage	O
assay	O
,	O
Ile	B-CHED
at	O
the	O
P1	O
'	O
position	O
could	O
not	O
be	O
hydrolyzed	O
,	O
but	O
the	O
mutant	B-DISO
L27A	O
could	O
hydrolyze	O
the	O
Ile	B-CHED
peptide	B-CHED
fragment	O
.	O

The	O
specificity	O
information	O
of	O
the	O
enzyme	O
is	O
helpful	O
for	O
potent	O
anti	O
-	O
virus	B-SPEC
inhibitor	B-CHED
design	O
and	O
useful	O
for	O
other	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
studies	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Design	O
and	O
biological	O
activities	O
of	O
novel	O
inhibitory	O
peptides	B-CHED
for	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
spike	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
and	O
angiotensin	O
-	O
converting	O
enzyme	O
2	O
interaction	O
.	O

Interactions	O
between	O
N	O
proteins	B-CHED
and	O
RNA	O
are	O
thus	O
crucial	O
for	O
the	O
assembly	O
of	O
infectious	B-DISO
virus	B-COMP
particles	I-COMP
.	O

We	O
obtained	O
a	O
stable	O
fragment	O
of	O
14	O
.	O
7	O
kDa	O
spanning	O
its	O
N	O
-	O
terminal	O
residues	O
29	O
-	O
160	O
(	O
IBV	B-SPEC
-	O
N29	O
-	O
160	O
).	O

In	O
addition	O
to	O
hostcell	O
receptors	O
,	O
lysosomal	B-PRGE
cysteine	B-CHED
proteases	I-PRGE
are	O
required	O
for	O
productive	O
infection	B-DISO
by	O
some	O
viruses	B-SPEC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Coronavirus	B-SPEC
pathogenesis	B-DISO
and	O
the	O
emerging	O
pathogen	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
.	O

While	O
there	O
was	O
no	O
change	O
in	O
the	O
extent	O
of	O
phosphorylated	O
eNOS	O
at	O
ser	B-COMP
,	O
chronic	O
EtOH	B-CHED
stimulation	O
caused	O
dose	O
-	O
dependent	O
increases	O
in	O
NO	O
production	O
and	O
increased	O
eNOS	O
expression	B-PROC
,	O
effects	O
that	O
were	O
attenuated	O
by	O
the	O
transcriptional	B-PROC
inhibitor	B-CHED
,	O
alpha	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
amanitin	I-PRGE
(	O
AA	O
),	O
and	O
wortmannin	B-CHED
,	O
a	O
specific	O
phosphatidylinositol	B-PRGE
3	I-PRGE
kinase	I-PRGE
(	O
PI3	B-PRGE
K	I-PRGE
)	O
inhibitor	B-CHED
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
coronavirus	O
replicase	O
-	O
transcriptase	B-PROC
complex	O
is	O
an	O
assembly	O
of	O
viral	O
and	O
cellular	B-COMP
proteins	B-CHED
that	O
mediate	O
the	O
synthesis	B-PROC
of	O
genome	O
and	O
subgenome	O
-	O
sized	O
mRNAs	O
in	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
-	O
infected	O
cell	B-COMP
.	O

Further	O
biochemical	O
analysis	O
of	O
these	O
mutants	O
should	O
allow	O
us	O
to	O
identify	O
intermediates	O
in	O
this	O
pathway	B-PROC
and	O
elucidate	O
the	O
precise	O
function	O
(	O
s	O
)	O
of	O
the	O
viral	B-PRGE
replicase	I-PRGE
proteins	I-PRGE
involved	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Addition	O
of	O
an	O
arterio	B-ANAT
-	I-ANAT
venous	I-ANAT
shunt	O
during	O
veno	O
-	O
arterial	B-ANAT
extracorporeal	O
life	O
support	O
in	O
a	O
patient	O
with	O
Hantavirus	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
syndrome	O
].	O

In	O
addition	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
noted	O
that	O
two	O
highly	O
conserved	O
amino	B-CHED
acids	I-CHED
(	O
L218	O
and	O
L219	O
)	O
in	O
the	O
membrane	B-COMP
protein	B-CHED
are	O
not	O
involved	O
in	O
this	O
interaction	O
.	O

Here	O
,	O
we	O
show	O
that	O
electrostatic	O
interactions	O
between	O
the	O
carboxyl	O
termini	O
of	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
membrane	B-COMP
protein	B-CHED
and	I-PRGE
nucleocapsid	B-COMP
protein	B-CHED
largely	O
mediate	O
the	O
interaction	O
of	O
these	O
two	O
proteins	B-CHED
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Vasculitis	B-DISO
and	O
systemic	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
During	O
the	O
outbreak	O
of	O
an	O
epidemic	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
,	O
for	O
example	O
,	O
the	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
),	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
daily	O
infected	O
cases	O
often	O
exhibit	O
multiple	O
trends	O
:	O
monotone	O
increasing	O
during	O
the	O
growing	O
stage	O
,	O
stationary	O
during	O
the	O
stabilized	O
stage	O
and	O
then	O
decreasing	O
during	O
the	O
declining	O
stage	O
.	O

A	O
series	O
of	O
microfluidic	O
workstations	O
with	O
integrated	O
chip	O
manipulation	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
laser	B-SPEC
induced	O
fluorescence	O
(	O
LIF	O
),	O
ultraviolet	O
(	O
UV	O
),	O
electrochemical	O
and	O
chemiluminescence	O
detection	O
modules	O
have	O
been	O
developed	O
to	O
attain	O
the	O
abilities	O
of	O
complex	O
microfluidic	O
control	O
and	O
data	O
acquisition	O
schemes	O
.	O

An	O
ultra	O
-	O
rapid	O
microchip	O
electrophoresis	O
method	O
was	O
established	O
for	O
simultaneous	O
determination	O
intracellular	B-COMP
reactive	B-CHED
oxygen	I-CHED
species	I-CHED
(	O
ROS	B-CHED
)	O
and	O
reduced	B-CHED
glutathione	I-CHED
(	O
GSH	B-DISO
)	O
related	O
to	O
apoptosis	B-PATH
and	O
oxidative	B-DISO
stress	I-DISO
.	O

In	O
an	O
effort	B-PROC
to	O
develop	O
a	O
novel	O
microfluidic	O
based	O
drug	O
screening	O
platform	O
,	O
systematic	O
studies	O
on	O
the	O
interaction	O
between	O
granulocyte	B-FUNC
colony	I-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
stimulating	I-FUNC
factor	I-FUNC
(	O
G	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CSF	I-PRGE
)	O
and	O
sulfated	O
oligosaccharides	B-CHED
were	O
carried	O
out	O
at	O
both	O
molecular	O
and	O
cellular	B-COMP
levels	O
.	O

To	O
assess	O
the	O
necessity	O
of	O
this	O
mechanism	O
,	O
we	O
deleted	O
most	O
of	O
the	O
sequence	O
representing	O
3a	O
and	O
3b	O
to	O
produce	O
a	O
gene	O
in	O
which	O
ORF	O
3c	O
(	O
E	O
)	O
was	O
adjacent	O
to	O
the	O
gene	O
3	O
transcription	B-PROC
-	O
associated	O
sequence	O
.	O

Nevertheless	O
,	O
titers	O
produced	O
in	O
CK	O
cells	B-COMP
,	O
embryos	B-ANAT
,	O
and	O
TOCs	O
were	O
similar	O
to	O
those	O
of	O
the	O
wild	O
-	O
type	O
virus	B-SPEC
,	O
although	O
they	O
declined	O
earlier	O
in	O
TOCs	O
,	O
probably	O
due	O
to	O
the	O
absence	O
of	O
the	O
3a	O
protein	B-CHED
.	O

Thus	O
,	O
neither	O
the	O
tricistronic	O
arrangement	O
of	O
gene	B-PRGE
3	I-PRGE
,	O
the	O
internal	O
initiation	O
of	O
translation	B-PROC
of	O
E	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
,	O
nor	O
the	O
3a	O
and	O
3b	O
proteins	B-CHED
are	O
essential	O
for	O
replication	O
per	O
se	O
,	O
suggesting	O
that	O
these	O
proteins	B-CHED
are	O
accessory	O
proteins	B-CHED
that	O
may	O
have	O
roles	O
in	O
vivo	O
.	O

We	O
found	O
a	O
drastic	O
increase	O
in	O
caspase	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
8	I-PROC
activity	I-PROC
and	O
cleavage	B-PROC
of	O
Bid	O
at	O
24	O
h	O
p	O
.	O
i	O
.	O

Starter	O
intake	O
from	O
d	O
1	O
to	O
56	O
was	O
reduced	O
from	O
919	O
to	O
717	O
g	O
/	O
d	O
in	O
calves	O
fed	O
fixed	B-ANAT
and	O
variable	O
amounts	O
of	O
milk	O
replacer	O
,	O
respectively	O
.	O

Plasma	B-PRGE
tumor	B-FUNC
necrosis	I-FUNC
factor	I-FUNC
-	I-PRGE
alpha	I-PRGE
was	O
highest	O
in	O
calves	O
with	O
the	O
highest	O
plasma	B-ANAT
IgG	B-PRGE
concentrations	O
on	O
the	O
day	O
of	O
arrival	O
and	O
might	O
be	O
related	O
to	O
the	O
calf	B-ANAT
'	O
s	O
ability	O
to	O
identify	O
pathogens	O
in	O
the	O
environment	O
.	O

Our	O
patient	O
was	O
newly	O
diagnosed	O
to	O
have	O
autoimmune	B-DISO
hepatitis	I-DISO
that	O
may	O
have	O
predisposed	O
her	O
to	O
toxicity	O
from	O
corticosteroids	B-CHED
and	O
neuromuscular	O
-	O
blocking	B-DISO
agents	O
,	O
but	O
she	O
recovered	O
her	O
strength	O
completely	O
.	O

Given	O
the	O
apparent	O
prevalence	O
and	O
underreporting	O
of	O
CCM	B-DISO
in	O
the	O
ICU	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
important	O
for	O
rheumatology	O
consultants	O
to	O
include	O
this	O
entity	O
in	O
their	O
differential	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
weakness	B-DISO
in	O
critically	B-DISO
ill	I-DISO
children	O
and	O
adults	O
,	O
and	O
to	O
recommend	O
appropriate	O
evaluation	O
.	O

Using	O
consensus	O
fold	O
recognition	O
with	O
the	O
3D	O
-	O
JURY	O
meta	B-SPEC
-	O
predictor	O
followed	O
by	O
model	O
building	O
and	O
refinement	O
,	O
we	O
developed	O
a	O
structural	O
model	O
for	O
the	O
single	O
PLpro	O
present	O
in	O
the	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SCoV	O
)	O
genome	O
,	O
based	O
on	O
significant	O
structural	O
relationships	O
to	O
the	O
catalytic	O
core	O
domain	O
of	O
HAUSP	O
,	O
a	O
ubiquitin	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
specific	I-PRGE
protease	I-PRGE
(	O
USP	B-FUNC
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Shrinking	B-DISO
lung	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
in	O
a	O
14	O
-	O
year	O
-	O
old	O
boy	O
with	O
systemic	B-PATH
lupus	I-PATH
erythematosus	I-PATH
.	O

Electron	O
microscopy	O
has	O
led	O
to	O
the	O
discovery	O
of	O
many	O
new	O
viruses	B-SPEC
,	O
most	O
notably	O
the	O
various	O
viruses	B-SPEC
associated	O
with	O
gastroenteritis	B-DISO
,	O
for	O
which	O
it	O
remained	O
the	O
principal	O
diagnostic	O
method	O
until	O
fairly	O
recent	O
times	O
.	O

The	O
label	B-CHED
imposes	O
spatial	O
constraints	O
on	O
the	O
protein	B-CHED
topology	O
.	O

A	O
significant	O
association	O
was	O
identified	O
between	O
an	O
acute	O
exposure	O
to	O
transfused	O
blood	B-ANAT
and	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

A	O
review	O
of	O
variant	B-DISO
Creutzfeldt	I-DISO
-	I-DISO
Jakob	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
is	O
followed	O
by	O
a	O
discussion	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
).	O

Two	O
articles	O
on	O
human	B-SPEC
papillomavirus	I-SPEC
(	O
HPV	O
)	O
infection	B-DISO
address	O
the	O
association	O
between	O
viral	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
and	O
neoplasia	B-DISO
,	O
as	O
do	O
reviews	O
on	O
viruses	B-SPEC
and	O
lymphoma	B-DISO
/	O
leukaemia	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
Kaposi	B-SPEC
'	I-SPEC
s	I-SPEC
sarcoma	I-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
associated	I-SPEC
herpesvirus	I-SPEC
(	O
human	B-SPEC
herpesvirus	I-SPEC
8	I-SPEC
,	O
HHV8	B-DISO
).	O

Reviews	O
on	O
Helicobacter	B-SPEC
and	O
gastric	B-ANAT
neoplasia	B-DISO
,	O
innate	O
defences	O
against	O
methicillin	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
resistant	I-DISO
Staphylococcus	B-SPEC
aureus	I-SPEC
(	I-DISO
MRSA	I-DISO
)	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
,	O
and	O
the	O
function	O
of	O
granulomas	B-DISO
in	O
tuberculosis	B-PATH
also	O
address	O
aspects	O
of	O
tissue	B-ANAT
responses	O
to	O
bacterial	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
.	O

The	O
reviews	O
assembled	O
here	O
bridge	O
several	O
gaps	O
:	O
between	O
microbiology	O
and	O
cellular	B-DISO
pathology	I-DISO
;	O
between	O
host	B-COMP
and	O
infecting	O
organism	O
;	O
and	O
between	O
disease	O
and	O
therapy	O
.	O

Specific	O
histological	O
changes	O
are	O
not	O
detected	O
in	O
other	O
organs	B-ANAT
.	O

The	O
surveillance	O
of	O
Japanese	B-SPEC
encephalitis	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
activity	O
has	O
been	O
effectively	O
conducted	O
by	O
using	O
seroprevalence	O
of	O
pigs	B-SPEC
for	O
more	O
than	O
20	O
years	O
in	O
Japan	O
.	O

Polio	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
flaccid	B-DISO
paralysis	I-DISO
(	O
AFP	O
)	O
surveillance	O
has	O
been	O
also	O
effectively	O
conducted	O
,	O
although	O
polio	B-DISO
cases	O
are	O
decreasing	O
in	O
the	O
world	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	O
)	O
was	O
caused	O
by	O
a	O
previously	O
unrecognized	O
new	O
type	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
.	O

L	O
-	O
SIGN	O
is	O
expressed	B-PROC
in	O
both	O
non	O
-	O
SARS	B-DISO
and	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
-	O
infected	O
lung	B-ANAT
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Intestinal	B-ANAT
invasion	B-DISO
and	O
disseminated	O
disease	O
associated	O
with	O
Penicillium	B-SPEC
chrysogenum	I-SPEC
.	O

Diagnosis	O
can	O
be	O
difficult	O
,	O
but	O
Penicillium	B-SPEC
sp	O
.	O
grows	O
rapidly	O
on	O
routine	O
fungal	O
cultures	O
.	O

Prognosis	O
remains	O
very	O
poor	O
,	O
but	O
aggressive	B-DISO
treatment	O
is	O
essential	O
,	O
including	O
surgical	O
debridement	O
and	O
the	O
removal	O
of	O
foci	O
of	O
infection	B-DISO
along	O
with	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
amphotericin	B-CHED
B	I-CHED
.	O
The	O
clinical	O
utility	O
of	O
newer	O
antifungal	B-CHED
agents	I-CHED
remains	O
to	O
be	O
determined	O
.	O

Transmission	O
chain	O
and	O
outbreak	O
clusters	B-CHED
were	O
investigated	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Management	O
of	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
using	O
pumpless	O
extracorporeal	O
lung	B-ANAT
assist	O
.	O

Reverse	B-PROC
transcription	I-PROC
-	O
PCR	O
assays	O
were	O
used	O
to	O
retrospectively	O
detect	O
HCoV	O
-	O
NL	O
and	O
to	O
correlate	O
its	O
presence	O
with	O
clinical	O
symptoms	O
.	O

One	O
-	O
hundred	O
and	O
seventy	O
patients	O
met	B-CHED
criteria	O
for	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
(	O
incidence	O
,	O
27	O
%;	O
95	O
%	O
confidence	O
interval	O
,	O
24	O
-	O
31	O
%).	O

Acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
was	O
also	O
independently	O
associated	O
with	O
an	O
increased	O
intensive	O
care	O
unit	O
length	O
of	O
stay	O
(	O
15	O
%,	O
95	O
%	O
confidence	O
interval	O
,	O
5	O
-	O
27	O
%).	O

Patients	O
receiving	O
low	O
tidal	O
volume	O
ventilation	O
had	O
worse	O
oxygenation	B-PROC
and	O
higher	O
positive	O
end	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
expiratory	I-PROC
pressure	O
requirements	O
compared	O
with	O
those	O
who	O
did	O
not	O
,	O
but	O
there	O
were	O
no	O
significant	O
differences	O
in	O
arterial	B-ANAT
pH	O
or	O
Pco2	O
.	O

If	O
antiviral	B-CHED
therapy	O
is	O
considered	O
for	O
future	O
treatment	O
,	O
it	O
should	O
be	O
focused	O
on	O
this	O
two	O
-	O
week	O
period	O
of	O
acute	O
clinical	O
disease	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
As	O
more	O
and	O
more	O
protein	B-CHED
sequences	O
are	O
available	O
,	O
homolog	O
identification	O
becomes	O
increasingly	O
important	O
for	O
functional	O
,	O
structural	O
,	O
and	O
evolutional	O
studies	O
of	O
proteins	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
the	O
mechanisms	O
evoking	O
respiratory	B-DISO
distress	I-DISO
and	O
a	O
fulminant	O
systemic	O
response	O
remain	O
unclear	O
.	O

Fourteen	O
hospitalized	O
patients	O
with	O
a	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
associated	I-DISO
coronavirus	I-DISO
infection	B-DISO
at	O
National	O
Taiwan	O
University	O
Hospital	O
from	O
March	O
to	O
May	O
2003	O
were	O
included	O
.	O

There	O
was	O
no	O
significant	O
elevation	O
of	O
serum	B-PRGE
IL	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
1beta	I-PRGE
levels	O
in	O
any	O
of	O
the	O
14	O
patients	O
.	O

There	O
were	O
no	O
significant	O
differences	O
in	O
peak	O
levels	O
of	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
6	I-FUNC
,	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
8	I-FUNC
and	O
TNF	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
alpha	I-PRGE
between	O
patients	O
with	O
and	O
without	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
peak	O
level	O
of	O
serum	B-PRGE
TNF	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
alpha	I-PRGE
tends	O
to	O
be	O
higher	O
in	O
patients	O
who	O
die	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
than	O
in	O
those	O
who	O
survive	O
.	O

The	O
results	O
also	O
indicate	O
that	O
the	O
glycyrrhizin	B-CHED
concentrations	O
of	O
3	O
-	O
6	O
months	O
old	O
pot	B-DISO
plants	B-SPEC
were	O
similar	O
or	O
even	O
higher	O
than	O
the	O
previously	O
reported	O
values	O
for	O
3	O
-	O
4	O
years	O
old	O
field	O
-	O
grown	O
plants	B-SPEC
and	O
confirm	O
that	O
high	O
concentration	O
of	O
glycyrrhizin	B-CHED
production	O
is	O
possible	O
within	O
a	O
very	O
short	O
production	O
period	O
under	O
controlled	O
environments	O
.	O

In	O
contrast	O
,	O
N	O
-	O
GST	B-PRGE
elicited	O
strong	O
T	O
cell	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
4	I-FUNC
but	O
minimal	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
gamma	I-PRGE
responses	O
and	O
a	O
much	O
greater	O
antibody	B-PROC
response	I-PROC
.	O

Despite	O
these	O
differences	O
,	O
however	O
,	O
the	O
immunodominant	O
T	B-ANAT
-	I-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
ELISpot	O
responses	O
to	O
each	O
of	O
the	O
three	O
immunogens	O
were	O
elicited	O
by	O
the	O
same	O
N	O
peptides	B-CHED
,	O
with	O
the	O
greatest	O
responses	O
being	O
generated	O
by	O
a	O
cluster	O
of	O
five	O
overlapping	O
peptides	B-CHED
,	O
N76	O
-	O
114	O
,	O
each	O
of	O
which	O
contained	O
nonameric	O
H2d	O
binding	B-FUNC
domains	O
with	O
high	O
binding	B-FUNC
scores	O
for	O
both	O
class	B-SPEC
I	O
and	O
,	O
except	O
for	O
N76	O
-	O
93	O
,	O
class	B-SPEC
II	O
alleles	O
.	O

The	O
prohibitive	O
cost	O
of	O
antiretroviral	O
(	O
ARV	O
)	O
drugs	O
for	O
most	O
HIV	B-DISO
-	O
infected	O
patients	O
in	O
sub	O
-	O
Saharan	O
Africa	O
and	O
the	O
serious	O
side	O
effects	O
in	O
those	O
who	O
have	O
access	O
to	O
ARV	O
drugs	O
make	O
a	O
compelling	O
case	O
for	O
the	O
study	O
of	O
complementary	O
and	O
alternative	O
therapies	O
.	O

The	O
potency	O
and	O
virus	B-SPEC
specificity	O
of	O
the	O
pyridine	B-CHED
N	I-CHED
-	I-CHED
oxide	I-CHED
derivatives	O
varied	O
depending	O
the	O
nature	O
and	O
specific	O
location	O
of	O
substituents	O
(	O
i	O
.	O
e	O
.	O
alkyl	O
,	O
halogeno	O
,	O
nitro	B-CHED
,	O
etc	O
.)	O
on	O
the	O
different	O
parts	O
of	O
the	O
molecule	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Immunogenicity	O
and	O
protective	O
efficacy	O
in	O
monkeys	B-SPEC
of	O
purified	O
inactivated	O
Vero	O
-	O
cell	B-COMP
SARS	B-DISO
vaccine	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
In	O
2003	O
,	O
severe	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
resulted	O
in	O
hundreds	O
of	O
infections	B-DISO
and	O
deaths	B-PROC
globally	O
.	O

The	O
purity	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
vaccine	O
was	O
97	O
.	O
6	O
%	O
by	O
HPLC	O
identification	O
and	O
reacted	O
with	O
convalescent	O
sera	B-COMP
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
.	O

The	O
purified	O
inactivated	O
SARS	B-DISO
vaccine	O
could	O
induce	O
high	O
levels	O
of	O
neutralizing	O
antibody	B-COMP
,	O
and	O
protect	O
the	O
monkeys	B-SPEC
from	O
the	O
challenge	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
.	O
The	O
SARS	B-DISO
vaccine	O
prepared	O
in	O
the	O
study	O
appeared	O
to	O
be	O
safe	O
in	O
monkeys	B-SPEC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Late	B-DISO
infantile	I-DISO
neuronal	I-DISO
ceroid	I-DISO
lipofuscinosis	I-DISO
(	O
LINCL	B-DISO
),	O
a	O
pediatric	O
autosomal	B-COMP
recessive	O
neurodegenerative	O
lysosomal	B-DISO
storage	B-PROC
disorder	I-DISO
,	O
results	O
from	O
mutations	O
in	O
the	O
CLN2	B-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
and	O
consequent	O
deficiency	O
in	O
tripeptidyl	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
peptidase	I-PRGE
I	I-PRGE
(	O
TPP	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
I	I-PRGE
)	O
and	O
progressive	O
destruction	O
of	O
neurons	B-ANAT
.	O

Histopathological	O
examination	O
of	O
the	O
CNS	B-CHED
demonstrated	O
that	O
1	O
week	O
after	O
administration	O
,	O
AAV2	B-SPEC
(	O
CU	O
)	O
hCLN2	O
produced	O
transient	O
minor	O
white	B-ANAT
matter	I-ANAT
edema	B-DISO
with	O
reactive	O
glial	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
in	O
the	O
corona	B-ANAT
radiata	I-ANAT
of	O
the	O
cerebrum	B-ANAT
along	O
the	O
injection	O
track	O
and	O
in	O
the	O
surrounding	O
white	B-ANAT
matter	I-ANAT
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Evaluation	O
of	O
affymetrix	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
resequencing	O
GeneChips	O
in	O
characterization	O
of	O
the	O
genomes	O
of	O
two	O
strains	O
of	O
coronavirus	O
infecting	O
humans	B-SPEC
.	O

A	O
number	O
of	O
immunologic	O
and	O
molecular	O
studies	O
of	O
the	O
clinical	O
samples	O
led	O
to	O
the	O
conclusion	O
that	O
a	O
novel	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
was	O
associated	O
with	O
the	O
outbreak	O
.	O

Cytokines	O
and	O
chemokines	O
that	O
best	O
predicted	O
the	O
combination	O
of	O
acid	O
and	O
small	O
gastric	B-ANAT
particles	O
were	O
cytokine	O
-	O
induced	O
neutrophil	B-ANAT
chemoattractant	O
1	O
(	O
6	O
h	O
)	O
and	O
MCP	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
(	O
24	O
h	O
)	O
in	O
rats	B-SPEC
,	O
tumor	B-PRGE
necrosis	I-PRGE
factor	I-PRGE
alpha	I-PRGE
/	O
macrophage	B-ANAT
inflammatory	O
protein	B-CHED
2	O
(	O
5	O
h	O
)	O
and	O
tumor	B-PRGE
necrosis	I-PRGE
factor	I-PRGE
alpha	I-PRGE
/	I-PRGE
MCP	B-FUNC
-	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
(	O
24	O
h	O
)	O
in	O
wild	O
-	O
type	O
mice	B-SPEC
,	O
and	O
tumor	B-PRGE
necrosis	I-PRGE
factor	I-PRGE
alpha	I-PRGE
/	O
macrophage	B-ANAT
inflammatory	O
protein	B-CHED
2	O
(	O
5	O
h	O
)	O
and	O
tumor	B-PRGE
necrosis	I-PRGE
factor	I-PRGE
alpha	I-PRGE
/	O
keratinocyte	B-ANAT
-	O
derived	O
cytokine	O
(	O
24	O
h	O
)	O
in	O
MCP	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
(-/-)	O
mice	B-SPEC
.	O

Most	O
respiratory	O
pathogens	O
can	O
be	O
transmitted	B-DISO
by	O
more	O
than	O
one	O
route	O
.	O

Recent	O
human	B-SPEC
investigations	O
in	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
have	O
shown	O
that	O
the	O
prone	O
position	O
was	O
able	O
to	O
abolish	O
tidal	O
expiratory	B-PROC
flow	O
limitation	O
,	O
to	O
improve	O
oxygenation	B-PROC
in	O
the	O
case	O
of	O
localized	O
infiltrates	B-DISO
,	O
to	O
allow	O
for	O
reducing	O
positive	O
end	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
expiratory	I-PROC
pressure	O
level	O
,	O
and	O
to	O
reduce	O
lung	B-ANAT
stress	O
and	O
strain	O
.	O

Because	O
nitric	B-CHED
oxide	I-CHED
(	O
NO	O
)	O
has	O
been	O
reported	O
to	O
play	B-DISO
roles	I-DISO
in	O
the	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
of	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
,	O
the	O
present	O
study	O
explores	O
the	O
effects	O
on	O
VILI	O
of	O
NO	O
derived	O
from	O
chronically	O
overexpressed	O
endothelial	B-PRGE
nitric	B-CHED
oxide	I-CHED
synthase	I-PRGE
(	O
eNOS	B-PRGE
).	O

In	O
conclusion	O
,	O
chronic	O
eNOS	O
overexpression	B-PROC
may	O
protect	O
the	O
lung	B-ANAT
from	O
VILI	O
by	O
inhibiting	O
the	O
production	O
of	O
inflammatory	O
chemokines	O
and	O
cytokines	O
that	O
are	O
associated	O
with	O
neutrophil	B-ANAT
infiltration	B-DISO
into	O
the	O
air	B-CHED
space	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
recent	O
outbreak	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
and	O
the	O
growing	O
potential	O
of	O
an	O
influenza	B-DISO
pandemic	O
force	O
us	O
to	O
consider	O
the	O
fact	O
that	O
despite	O
great	O
advances	O
in	O
critical	O
care	O
medicine	B-CHED
,	O
we	O
lack	O
the	O
capacity	O
to	O
provide	O
intensive	O
care	O
to	O
the	O
large	O
number	O
of	O
patients	O
that	O
may	O
be	O
generated	O
in	O
an	O
epidemic	O
or	O
multisite	O
bioterrorism	O
event	O
.	O

A	O
digital	B-ANAT
ring	O
fence	O
is	O
constructed	O
around	O
each	O
location	O
(	O
hot	O
-	O
spot	B-SPEC
)	O
using	O
Non	O
-	O
Homogeneous	O
Poisson	O
Process	O
(	O
NHPP	O
)	O
modeling	O
based	O
on	O
data	O
of	O
individuals	O
coming	O
into	O
contact	O
with	O
each	O
probable	O
case	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Simulation	O
studies	O
have	O
demonstrated	O
that	O
the	O
DRiF	O
strategy	O
could	O
provide	O
a	O
novel	O
approach	O
to	O
containment	O
of	O
acute	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
outbreaks	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
This	O
short	O
review	O
article	O
on	O
some	O
pertinent	O
observations	O
in	O
the	O
unfolding	O
story	O
of	O
interferon	B-PRGE
is	O
dedicated	O
to	O
Professor	O
Ilona	O
Béládi	O
on	O
the	O
occasion	O
of	O
her	O
80th	O
birthday	O
.	O

Additionally	O
,	O
for	O
the	O
genome	O
of	O
Amsacta	B-SPEC
moorei	I-SPEC
entomopoxvirus	I-SPEC
,	O
probably	O
with	O
the	O
lowest	O
genomic	O
GC	O
content	O
among	O
the	O
sequenced	O
organisms	O
,	O
the	O
accuracy	O
of	O
ZCURVE_V	O
is	O
much	O
better	O
than	O
that	O
of	O
GeneMark	O
,	O
because	O
the	O
later	O
predicts	O
hundreds	O
of	O
false	O
-	O
positive	O
genes	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Vascular	B-ANAT
endothelial	B-ANAT
growth	B-PROC
factor	I-PRGE
(	O
VEGF	O
)	O
is	O
a	O
pluripotent	O
growth	B-PROC
and	O
permeability	O
factor	O
that	O
has	O
a	O
broad	O
impact	O
on	O
endothelial	B-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
function	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Effect	O
of	O
IBV	B-SPEC
-	O
H120	O
vaccination	O
in	O
broilers	O
on	O
colibacillosis	B-DISO
susceptibility	O
after	O
infection	B-DISO
with	O
a	O
virulent	O
Massachusetts	O
-	O
type	O
IBV	O
strain	O
.	O

IBV	B-SPEC
vaccination	O
reduced	O
both	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
broilers	O
with	O
E	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
coli	I-SPEC
airsacculitis	B-DISO
as	O
well	O
as	O
the	O
severity	O
of	O
airsacculitis	O
significantly	O
after	O
challenge	O
with	O
IBV	B-SPEC
-	O
M41	O
and	O
E	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
coli	I-SPEC
506	O
.	O

The	O
data	O
were	O
obtained	O
from	O
clinical	O
samples	O
submitted	O
to	O
our	O
laboratory	O
from	O
birds	B-SPEC
with	O
clinical	O
signs	O
characteristic	O
of	O
IBV	B-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
.	O

Ark	B-PRGE
-	O
like	O
isolates	O
,	O
defined	O
as	O
having	O
a	O
similar	O
but	O
unique	O
RFLP	O
pattern	O
from	O
the	O
Ark	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
DPI	I-PRGE
vaccine	O
strain	O
were	O
identified	O
every	O
year	O
of	O
the	O
study	O
except	O
in	O
1996	O
.	O

Our	O
observations	O
highlight	O
the	O
importance	O
of	O
constantly	O
monitoring	O
IBV	B-SPEC
as	O
well	O
as	O
other	O
coronaviruses	O
like	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
-	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
that	O
have	O
the	O
ability	O
to	O
change	O
and	O
emerge	O
to	O
cause	O
disease	O
in	O
a	O
susceptible	O
host	B-COMP
.	O

For	O
example	O
,	O
infliximab	O
,	O
a	O
monoclonal	O
TNF	B-PRGE
antibody	I-PRGE
,	O
was	O
experimentally	O
tested	O
in	O
rats	B-SPEC
and	O
it	O
was	O
able	O
to	O
significantly	O
reduce	O
the	O
pathologic	O
score	O
and	O
serum	B-COMP
amylase	B-FUNC
activity	I-FUNC
,	O
and	O
also	O
alleviate	O
alveolar	B-DISO
edema	I-DISO
and	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
;	O
no	O
studies	O
are	O
available	O
in	O
clinical	O
human	B-SPEC
acute	B-DISO
pancreatitis	I-DISO
.	O

Some	O
of	O
the	O
vacuoles	B-COMP
contained	O
folded	O
membranous	B-ANAT
structures	O
along	O
with	O
virions	B-COMP
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
A	O
study	O
of	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
inflammatory	B-DISO
reaction	I-DISO
induced	O
by	O
N	O
-	O
protein	B-CHED
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
in	O
rat	B-SPEC
models	O
and	O
effects	O
of	O
glucocorticoids	O
on	O
it	O
].	O

The	O
blood	B-ANAT
samples	I-ANAT
,	O
bronchial	B-ANAT
alveolar	I-ANAT
lavage	I-ANAT
fluid	I-ANAT
(	O
BALF	O
)	O
and	O
lung	B-ANAT
tissue	I-ANAT
were	O
collected	O
after	O
challenge	O
.	O

The	O
cytological	O
and	O
histopathologic	O
changes	O
of	O
lung	B-ANAT
tissues	I-ANAT
were	O
observed	O
and	O
the	O
wet	O
/	O
dry	O
ratios	O
(	O
W	O
/	O
D	O
)	O
of	O
lung	B-ANAT
tissue	I-ANAT
were	O
determined	O
.	O

(	O
2	O
)	O
Compared	O
with	O
the	O
total	O
WBC	B-ANAT
of	O
BALF	O
in	O
Nc	O
group	O
[(	O
95	O
+/-	O
29	O
)	O
x	O
10	O
(	O
7	O
)],	O
that	O
in	O
P2	O
group	O
[(	O
160	O
+/-	O
60	O
)	O
x	O
10	O
(	O
7	O
)]	O
was	O
significantly	O
increased	O
(	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
);	O
but	O
compared	O
with	O
P2	O
group	O
,	O
that	O
in	O
P	O
+	O
D	O
group	O
[(	O
62	O
+/-	O
23	O
)	O
x	O
10	O
(	O
7	O
)]	O
was	O
significantly	O
decreased	O
(	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
).	O

(	O
4	O
)	O
Compared	O
with	O
Nc	O
group	O
,	O
the	O
levels	O
of	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
6	I-FUNC
,	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
10	I-FUNC
,	O
TGF	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
beta1	I-PRGE
in	O
both	O
serum	B-COMP
and	O
BALF	O
of	O
P1	O
group	O
were	O
significantly	O
increased	O
(	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
01	O
),	O
and	O
the	O
levels	O
of	O
these	O
cytokines	O
in	O
P2	O
group	O
were	O
significantly	O
higher	O
than	O
those	O
in	O
P1	O
group	O
(	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
01	O
),	O
but	O
significantly	O
lower	O
in	O
P	O
+	O
D	O
group	O
compared	O
with	O
P2	O
group	O
(	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
01	O
).	O

(	O
4	O
)	O
Compared	O
with	O
Nc	O
group	O
,	O
the	O
levels	O
of	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
6	I-FUNC
,	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
10	I-FUNC
,	O
TGF	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
beta1	I-PRGE
in	O
both	O
serum	B-COMP
and	O
BALF	O
of	O
P1	O
group	O
were	O
significantly	O
increased	O
(	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
01	O
),	O
and	O
the	O
levels	O
of	O
these	O
cytokines	O
in	O
P2	O
group	O
were	O
significantly	O
higher	O
than	O
those	O
in	O
P1	O
group	O
(	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
01	O
),	O
but	O
significantly	O
lower	O
in	O
P	O
+	O
D	O
group	O
compared	O
with	O
P2	O
group	O
(	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
01	O
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
SARS	B-DISO
:	O
clinical	O
presentation	O
,	O
transmission	O
,	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
and	O
treatment	O
options	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
SARS	B-DISO
(	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
)	O
appeared	O
as	O
the	O
first	O
emerging	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
of	O
this	O
century	O
.	O

How	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
has	O
successfully	O
jumped	O
the	O
species	B-SPEC
barrier	O
is	O
still	O
a	O
mystery	O
.	O

The	O
superspreading	O
events	O
that	O
occurred	O
within	O
hospital	O
,	O
hotel	O
and	O
high	O
-	O
density	O
housing	O
estate	O
opens	O
a	O
new	O
chapter	O
in	O
the	O
mechanisms	O
and	O
routes	O
of	O
virus	B-SPEC
transmission	O
.	O

Proc	O
Natl	O
Acad	B-DISO
Sci	O
U	O
.	O
S	O
.	O
A	O
.	O
58	O
,	O
2268	O
-	O
73	O
].	O

The	O
surface	O
glycoprotein	B-CHED
is	O
a	O
major	O
virulence	B-PROC
factor	O
in	O
most	O
coronavirus	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
.	O

HPS	B-DISO
has	O
a	O
mortality	O
rate	O
of	O
40	O
%	O
and	O
,	O
unlike	O
many	O
other	O
severe	O
respiratory	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
,	O
often	O
occurs	O
in	O
young	O
,	O
healthy	O
adults	O
.	O

There	O
is	O
no	O
obvious	O
cytopathology	O
associated	O
with	O
infection	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
beta	B-PRGE
(	I-PRGE
3	I-PRGE
)	I-PRGE
integrins	I-PRGE
do	O
not	O
appear	O
to	O
be	O
critical	O
for	O
respiratory	O
epithelial	B-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
monolayer	O
integrity	O
.	O

Preincubation	O
of	O
MHV	B-SPEC
with	O
the	O
adapter	O
proteins	B-CHED
and	O
subsequent	O
inoculation	O
of	O
human	B-SPEC
cells	B-COMP
expressing	O
an	O
artificial	O
His	O
receptor	O
resulted	O
in	O
infection	B-DISO
of	O
these	O
otherwise	O
nonsusceptible	O
cells	B-COMP
and	O
led	O
to	O
subsequent	O
production	O
of	O
progeny	O
virus	B-SPEC
.	O

When	O
inoculated	O
onto	O
murine	B-SPEC
LR7	B-ANAT
cells	B-COMP
,	O
the	O
resulting	O
recombinant	O
virus	B-SPEC
indeed	O
expressed	B-PROC
the	O
adapter	O
protein	B-CHED
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Palmitoylations	O
on	O
murine	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
spike	O
proteins	B-CHED
are	O
essential	O
for	O
virion	B-PROC
assembly	I-PROC
and	O
infectivity	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Coronavirus	O
spike	O
(	O
S	O
)	O
proteins	B-CHED
are	O
palmitoylated	O
at	O
several	O
cysteine	B-CHED
residues	O
clustered	O
near	O
their	O
transmembrane	B-COMP
-	O
spanning	O
domains	O
.	O

2	O
-	O
BP	O
effected	O
only	O
two	O
-	O
to	O
fivefold	O
reductions	O
in	O
S	O
palmitoylation	B-PROC
,	O
yet	O
this	O
correlated	O
with	O
reduced	O
S	O
complexing	O
with	O
virion	B-COMP
membrane	I-COMP
(	O
M	O
)	O
proteins	B-CHED
and	O
consequent	O
exclusion	O
of	O
S	O
from	O
virions	B-COMP
.	O

At	O
defined	O
2	O
-	O
BP	O
doses	O
,	O
underpalmitoylated	O
S	O
proteins	O
instead	O
trafficked	B-PROC
to	O
infected	O
cell	B-COMP
surfaces	O
and	O
elicited	O
cell	B-COMP
-	O
cell	B-COMP
membrane	I-COMP
fusions	O
,	O
suggesting	O
that	O
the	O
acyl	O
chain	O
adducts	O
are	O
more	O
critical	O
to	O
virion	B-PROC
assembly	I-PROC
than	O
to	O
S	O
-	O
induced	O
syncytial	O
developments	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
spike	O
protein	B-CHED
(	O
S	O
)	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
is	O
responsible	O
for	O
receptor	B-FUNC
binding	I-FUNC
and	O
membrane	B-PROC
fusion	I-PROC
.	O

In	O
addition	O
,	O
the	O
cell	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
cell	B-COMP
fusion	I-PROC
activity	O
of	O
S	O
was	O
monitored	O
by	O
a	O
Renilla	B-SPEC
luciferase	B-ENZY
-	O
based	O
cell	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
cell	B-COMP
fusion	I-PROC
assay	O
.	O

S	O
(	O
VSV	O
-	O
Cyt	B-CHED
),	O
an	O
S	O
chimera	B-DISO
with	O
a	O
cytoplasmic	B-ANAT
tail	I-ANAT
derived	O
from	O
vesicular	B-PRGE
stomatitis	I-PRGE
virus	I-PRGE
G	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
(	O
VSV	O
-	O
G	O
),	O
and	O
S	O
(	O
MHV	B-SPEC
-	O
TMDCyt	O
),	O
an	O
S	O
chimera	B-DISO
with	O
the	O
cytoplasmic	B-COMP
and	O
transmembrane	B-COMP
domains	O
of	O
mouse	B-DISO
hepatitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
,	O
displayed	O
wild	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
type	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
like	I-PRGE
activity	O
in	O
both	O
assays	O
.	O

Coronavirus	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
of	O
the	O
murine	B-SPEC
CNS	B-CHED
illustrates	O
the	O
contributions	O
of	O
both	O
the	O
innate	B-DISO
immune	I-DISO
response	I-DISO
and	O
specific	O
host	B-COMP
effector	B-CHED
mechanisms	O
that	O
control	O
virus	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
in	O
distinct	O
CNS	B-CHED
cell	B-COMP
types	O
.	O

The	O
NIH	B-ANAT
3T3	I-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
,	O
a	O
non	O
-	O
permissive	O
cell	B-ANAT
line	I-ANAT
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
CoV	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
,	O
was	O
used	O
as	O
controls	O
.	O

The	O
appropriate	O
expression	B-PROC
of	O
the	O
proteins	B-CHED
was	O
confirmed	O
by	O
Western	O
blotting	O
using	O
both	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
'	O
sera	B-COMP
and	O
anti	O
-	O
6	O
x	O
histidine	B-CHED
antibody	B-COMP
.	O

In	O
contrast	O
,	O
the	O
S260	O
-	O
600	O
protein	B-CHED
did	O
not	O
bind	B-FUNC
NIH3T3	O
cells	B-COMP
.	O

The	O
S260	O
-	O
600	O
fragment	O
probably	O
contains	O
the	O
important	O
receptor	B-FUNC
binding	I-FUNC
domain	O
and	O
could	O
be	O
a	O
potential	O
candidate	O
for	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
vaccine	O
and	O
anti	O
-	O
SARS	B-DISO
therapeutics	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
The	O
recombinant	O
proteins	B-CHED
S260	O
-	O
600	O
and	O
S397	O
-	O
796	O
were	O
efficiently	O
expressed	B-PROC
in	O
an	O
insoluble	O
form	O
in	O
E	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
coli	I-SPEC
.	O

Lithium	B-CHED
may	O
help	O
correct	O
a	O
chemical	O
imbalance	B-DISO
in	O
the	O
brain	B-ANAT
;	O
however	O
,	O
it	O
has	O
a	O
comparatively	O
narrow	O
therapeutic	O
index	O
.	O

Here	O
we	O
present	O
a	O
forty	O
-	O
two	O
-	O
year	O
-	O
old	O
Caucasian	O
female	O
with	O
altered	B-DISO
mental	I-DISO
status	I-DISO
,	O
inability	O
to	O
eat	B-PROC
,	O
speak	O
or	O
walk	O
properly	O
,	O
with	O
shaking	B-DISO
and	O
vomiting	B-DISO
for	O
three	O
days	O
.	O

In	O
the	O
meantime	O
the	O
patient	O
developed	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
,	O
was	O
intubated	O
on	O
clinical	O
grounds	O
and	O
was	O
transferred	O
to	O
the	O
intensive	O
care	O
unit	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
capacity	O
of	O
the	O
surface	O
glycoproteins	B-CHED
of	O
enveloped	O
viruses	B-SPEC
to	O
mediate	O
virus	B-SPEC
/	O
cell	B-COMP
binding	B-FUNC
and	O
membrane	B-PROC
fusion	I-PROC
requires	O
a	O
proper	O
thiol	B-CHED
/	O
disulfide	B-CHED
balance	B-PROC
.	O

Chemical	O
manipulation	O
of	O
their	O
redox	B-PROC
state	I-PROC
using	O
reducing	B-CHED
agents	I-CHED
or	O
free	O
sulfhydryl	O
reagents	B-CHED
affects	O
virus	B-SPEC
/	O
cell	B-PROC
interaction	I-PROC
.	O

Thus	O
,	O
in	O
contrast	O
to	O
various	O
viruses	B-SPEC
including	O
HIV	B-DISO
(	O
human	B-DISO
immunodeficiency	I-DISO
virus	I-DISO
)	O
examined	O
in	O
parallel	O
,	O
the	O
functions	O
of	O
the	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
Spike	I-PRGE
glycoprotein	B-CHED
exhibit	O
a	O
significant	O
and	O
surprising	O
independence	O
of	O
redox	B-PROC
state	I-PROC
,	O
which	O
may	O
contribute	O
to	O
the	O
wide	O
host	B-COMP
range	O
of	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
The	O
children	O
selected	O
the	O
physician	O
in	O
SARS	B-DISO
standard	O
precautions	O
attire	O
as	O
most	O
liked	O
17	O
.	O
5	O
%	O
of	O
the	O
time	O
and	O
least	O
liked	O
53	O
.	O
3	O
%	O
of	O
the	O
time	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Viral	O
respiratory	B-DISO
tract	I-DISO
infections	I-DISO
in	O
lung	B-ANAT
transplant	B-ANAT
recipients	O
may	O
be	O
severe	O
.	O

In	O
addition	O
,	O
HCMV	O
was	O
detected	O
in	O
association	O
with	O
a	O
respiratory	O
virus	B-SPEC
in	O
4	O
/	O
18	O
HCMV	O
-	O
positive	O
patients	O
,	O
and	O
was	O
found	O
at	O
a	O
high	O
concentration	O
(>	O
10	O
(	O
5	O
)	O
DNA	O
copies	O
/	O
ml	O
)	O
in	O
3	O
/	O
16	O
(	O
18	O
.	O
7	O
%)	O
patients	O
with	O
HCMV	O
-	O
positive	O
bronchoalveolar	O
lavage	O
samples	O
and	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
.	O

Respiratory	B-DISO
syncytial	I-DISO
virus	I-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
should	O
also	O
be	O
suspected	O
during	O
the	O
winter	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
coryza	B-DISO
,	O
wheezing	B-DISO
,	O
low	O
-	O
grade	O
fever	B-PROC
,	O
and	O
patchy	O
infiltrates	B-DISO
,	O
especially	O
if	O
negative	O
for	O
influenza	B-DISO
on	O
rapid	O
testing	O
.	O

Because	O
clinical	O
features	O
and	O
periods	O
of	O
activity	O
for	O
many	O
viruses	B-SPEC
overlap	O
,	O
laboratory	O
confirmation	O
of	O
influenza	B-DISO
is	O
recommended	O
for	O
cases	O
involving	O
seriously	O
ill	B-DISO
or	O
institutionalized	O
patients	O
.	O

Selected	O
breeding	B-PROC
pairs	O
of	O
the	O
affected	O
lines	O
were	O
divided	O
into	O
four	O
treatment	O
groups	O
:	O
1	O
)	O
transfer	O
of	O
embryos	B-ANAT
to	O
pseudopregnant	O
B6D2F1	O
female	O
mice	B-SPEC
,	O
2	O
)	O
fostering	O
offspring	O
to	O
B6D2F1	O
dams	O
,	O
3	O
)	O
fostering	O
offspring	O
to	O
a	O
different	O
dam	O
of	O
the	O
same	O
line	O
,	O
and	O
4	O
)	O
offspring	O
raised	O
by	O
the	O
birth	B-PROC
dam	O
.	O

Fostering	O
significantly	O
reduced	O
the	O
stimulant	O
response	B-PROC
to	I-PROC
ethanol	I-PROC
of	O
only	O
one	O
mouse	B-SPEC
line	O
selectively	O
bred	O
for	O
high	O
sensitivity	O
to	O
ethanol	B-CHED
-	O
induced	O
stimulation	O
,	O
although	O
the	O
stimulant	O
response	O
of	O
the	O
fostered	O
groups	O
was	O
still	O
quite	O
robust	O
.	O

Several	O
studies	O
have	O
shown	O
that	O
there	O
exists	O
an	O
interaction	O
between	O
nucleocapsid	B-COMP
(	O
N	O
)	O
and	O
membrane	B-COMP
(	O
M	O
)	O
protein	B-CHED
.	O

ROC	O
curve	O
areas	O
were	O
largest	O
for	O
an	O
N	O
-	O
terminal	O
fragment	O
of	O
complement	O
C3c	O
alpha	O
chain	O
(	O
m	O
/	O
z	O
28	O
119	O
)	O
and	O
an	O
internal	O
fragment	O
of	O
fibrinogen	B-PRGE
alpha	I-PRGE
-	O
E	O
chain	O
(	O
m	O
/	O
z	O
5908	O
).	O

Specific	O
proteomic	O
fingerprints	O
in	O
the	O
sera	B-COMP
of	O
adult	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
could	O
be	O
used	O
to	O
identify	O
SARS	B-DISO
cases	O
early	O
during	O
onset	O
with	O
high	O
specificity	O
and	O
sensitivity	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Exploratory	O
study	O
on	O
psychosocial	O
impact	O
of	O
the	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
outbreak	O
on	O
Chinese	O
students	O
living	O
in	O
Japan	O
.	O

The	O
results	O
showed	O
approximately	O
60	O
%	O
(	O
96	O
/	O
161	O
)	O
of	O
the	O
respondents	O
felt	O
an	O
impact	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
on	O
college	O
life	O
;	O
they	O
had	O
experienced	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
related	O
fear	O
,	O
worry	O
,	O
depression	B-DISO
as	O
well	O
as	O
social	O
discrimination	O
and	O
had	O
taken	O
SARS	B-DISO
prevention	O
measures	O
for	O
daily	O
protection	O
in	O
Japan	O
during	O
the	O
epidemic	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Learning	B-PROC
to	O
respect	O
a	O
patient	O
'	O
s	O
spiritual	O
needs	O
concerning	O
an	O
unknown	O
infectious	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
.	O

The	O
article	O
also	O
gives	O
an	O
overview	O
of	O
the	O
2003	O
SARS	B-DISO
epidemic	O
in	O
Taiwan	O
,	O
and	O
discusses	O
people	O
'	O
s	O
general	O
perceptions	O
towards	O
infectious	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
,	O
their	O
coping	O
strategies	O
concerning	O
disease	O
,	O
and	O
their	O
spiritual	O
beliefs	O
,	O
the	O
psychological	B-DISO
impact	O
of	O
the	O
2003	O
SARS	B-DISO
outbreak	O
in	O
Chinese	O
communities	O
,	O
Chinese	O
myths	O
about	O
infectious	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
,	O
and	O
the	O
religious	O
activities	O
of	O
a	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
infected	O
intern	O
in	O
Taiwan	O
.	O

There	O
is	O
a	O
wide	O
range	O
of	O
options	O
for	O
processing	O
plant	B-SPEC
tissues	B-ANAT
to	O
allow	O
for	O
oral	B-ANAT
delivery	O
of	O
a	O
palatable	O
product	O
.	O

Coexpression	O
of	O
E2F1	B-PRGE
under	O
such	O
conditions	O
could	O
restore	O
the	O
expression	B-PROC
of	O
S	B-PROC
phase	I-PROC
genes	O
.	O

Whereas	O
N	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
could	O
directly	O
bind	B-FUNC
to	O
cyclin	B-PRGE
D	I-PRGE
and	O
inhibit	O
the	O
activity	O
of	O
CDK4	B-PRGE
-	O
cyclin	B-PRGE
D	I-PRGE
complex	I-PRGE
;	O
inhibition	B-PROC
of	O
CDK2	B-PRGE
activity	O
appeared	O
to	O
be	O
achieved	O
in	O
two	O
different	O
ways	O
:	O
indirectly	O
by	O
down	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
regulation	I-PROC
of	O
protein	B-CHED
levels	O
of	O
CDK2	B-PRGE
,	O
cyclin	B-PRGE
E	I-PRGE
,	O
and	O
cyclin	B-PRGE
A	I-PRGE
and	O
by	O
direct	O
binding	B-FUNC
of	O
N	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
to	O
CDK2	B-PRGE
-	O
cyclin	B-FUNC
complex	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
3a	O
protein	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)-	O
associated	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
is	O
expressed	B-PROC
and	O
transported	O
to	O
the	O
plasma	B-COMP
membrane	I-COMP
in	O
tissue	B-ANAT
cells	B-COMP
of	O
infected	O
patients	O
.	O

RNA	B-PROC
interference	I-PROC
induced	O
by	O
small	O
interfering	O
RNA	O
can	O
inhibit	O
the	O
expression	B-PROC
of	O
viral	O
antigens	B-CHED
and	O
so	O
provides	O
a	O
new	O
approach	O
to	O
the	O
therapy	O
of	O
pathogenic	O
viruses	B-SPEC
.	O

Although	O
most	O
of	O
the	O
PPE	B-CHED
do	O
not	O
confer	O
absolute	O
protection	O
against	O
SARS	B-DISO
,	O
it	O
seems	O
that	O
they	O
may	O
lower	O
exposure	O
to	O
the	O
virus	O
,	O
leading	O
to	O
a	O
lower	O
risk	O
of	O
secondary	B-DISO
transmission	I-DISO
,	O
and	O
be	O
associated	O
with	O
relatively	O
mild	O
disease	O
and	O
a	O
better	O
early	O
outcome	O
.	O

Three	O
catheter	O
positions	O
have	O
been	O
described	O
as	O
safe	O
when	O
radiologically	O
confirmed	O
:	O
the	O
superior	B-ANAT
vena	I-ANAT
cava	I-ANAT
,	O
the	O
point	O
where	O
the	O
superior	B-ANAT
vena	I-ANAT
cava	I-ANAT
meets	O
the	O
atrium	B-ANAT
,	O
and	O
the	O
midpoint	O
of	O
the	O
innominate	B-ANAT
vein	I-ANAT
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Severe	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
is	O
an	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
,	O
which	O
first	O
appeared	O
in	O
Foshan	O
City	O
,	O
China	O
on	O
22	O
December	O
2002	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
CNS	B-ANAT
viral	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
diverts	O
homing	O
of	O
antibody	B-ANAT
-	I-ANAT
secreting	B-PROC
cells	B-COMP
from	O
lymphoid	B-ANAT
organs	I-ANAT
to	O
the	O
CNS	B-ANAT
.	O

Virus	B-SPEC
-	O
specific	O
ASC	O
within	O
the	O
CNS	B-CHED
peaked	O
rapidly	O
1	O
wk	O
after	O
control	O
of	O
infectious	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
and	O
were	O
retained	O
throughout	O
chronic	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
,	O
consistent	O
with	O
intrathecal	B-ANAT
Ab	O
synthesis	B-PROC
.	O

The	O
data	O
suggest	O
that	O
CNS	O
infection	O
provides	O
strong	O
stimuli	O
to	O
recruit	O
ASC	B-PRGE
into	O
the	O
inflamed	O
tissue	B-ANAT
through	O
sustained	O
up	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
regulation	I-PROC
of	O
the	O
CXCR3	B-PRGE
ligands	O
CXCL9	B-PRGE
and	O
CXCL10	B-PRGE
.	O

Liver	B-ANAT
tissues	I-ANAT
were	O
obtained	O
from	O
23	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
acute	O
chronic	O
(	O
AOC	O
)	O
hepatitis	B-DISO
B	I-DISO
and	O
13	O
patients	O
with	O
mild	O
chronic	B-DISO
hepatitis	I-DISO
B	I-DISO
.	O
Fourteen	O
patients	O
with	O
mild	O
chronic	B-DISO
hepatitis	I-DISO
B	I-DISO
with	O
cirrhosis	B-DISO
and	O
4	O
liver	B-ANAT
donors	O
served	O
as	O
normal	O
controls	O
.	O

In	O
addition	O
,	O
peripheral	B-ANAT
blood	I-ANAT
mononuclear	I-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
(	O
PBMC	O
)	O
were	O
isolated	O
from	O
30	O
patients	O
(	O
unpaired	O
)	O
with	O
severe	O
AOC	O
hepatitis	B-DISO
B	I-DISO
and	O
10	O
healthy	O
volunteers	O
as	O
controls	O
.	O

Liver	B-ANAT
tissues	I-ANAT
from	O
the	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
AOC	O
hepatitis	B-DISO
B	I-DISO
had	O
classical	O
pathological	O
features	O
of	O
acute	O
necroinflammation	O
.	O

There	O
was	O
a	O
positive	O
correlation	O
between	O
hfgl2	O
expression	B-PROC
and	O
the	O
severity	O
of	O
the	O
liver	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
as	O
indicated	O
by	O
the	O
levels	O
of	O
TBil	O
.	O

PCA	B-DISO
significantly	O
increased	O
in	O
PBMC	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
AOC	O
hepatitis	B-DISO
B	I-DISO
.	O
CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
The	O
molecular	O
and	O
cellular	B-COMP
results	O
reported	O
here	O
in	O
both	O
mice	B-SPEC
and	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
viral	B-DISO
hepatitis	I-DISO
suggest	O
that	O
virus	B-SPEC
-	O
induced	O
hfgl2	O
prothrombinase	B-PRGE
/	O
fibroleukin	B-PRGE
expression	B-PROC
and	O
the	O
coagulation	B-PROC
activity	O
associated	O
with	O
the	O
encoded	O
fgl2	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
play	O
a	O
pivotal	O
role	O
in	O
initiating	O
severe	O
hepatitis	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Immunomodulatory	O
effects	O
of	O
a	O
traditional	O
Chinese	O
medicine	B-CHED
with	O
potential	O
antiviral	B-CHED
activity	O
:	O
a	O
self	O
-	O
control	O
study	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Traditional	O
Chinese	O
medicine	O
(	O
TCM	O
)	O
has	O
been	O
used	O
for	O
prevention	O
and	O
treatment	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
in	O
Hong	O
Kong	O
during	O
the	O
outbreak	O
in	O
spring	O
2003	O
.	O

Thirty	O
-	O
seven	O
healthy	O
volunteers	O
were	O
given	O
the	O
oral	B-ANAT
TCM	O
regimen	O
daily	O
for	O
14	O
days	O
.	O

Peripheral	O
venous	O
blood	B-ANAT
samples	I-ANAT
were	O
taken	O
on	O
days	O
0	O
,	O
15	O
and	O
29	O
for	O
hematology	O
,	O
biochemistry	O
and	O
immunology	O
tests	O
,	O
including	O
the	O
measurement	O
of	O
blood	B-ANAT
lymphocyte	B-ANAT
subsets	O
and	O
plasma	B-ANAT
T	B-ANAT
-	I-ANAT
helper	I-ANAT
lymphocyte	I-ANAT
types	O
1	O
and	O
2	O
cytokines	O
and	O
receptor	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
By	O
using	O
lambda	O
-	O
lysogen	O
as	O
a	O
model	O
,	O
the	O
inhibitory	O
effects	O
of	O
anti	O
-	O
severe	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
traditional	O
Chinese	O
medicines	O
(	O
TCMs	O
)	O
prescription	O
I	O
on	O
the	O
UV	O
irradiation	O
were	O
investigated	O
in	O
this	O
present	O
study	O
.	O

It	O
was	O
found	O
that	O
the	O
prescription	O
I	O
possessed	B-DISO
obvious	O
inhibitory	O
effects	O
on	O
the	O
UV	O
induction	O
of	O
lambda	O
-	O
lysogen	O
,	O
the	O
inhibitory	O
rate	O
reaching	B-PROC
83	O
.	O
87	O
%.	O

SARS	B-DISO
was	O
diagnosed	O
according	O
to	O
the	O
modified	O
World	O
Health	O
Organization	O
case	O
definition	O
(	O
May	O
1	O
,	O
2003	O
).	O

Five	O
patients	O
with	O
probable	O
SARS	B-DISO
(	O
11	O
.	O
6	O
%)	O
died	B-PROC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Development	B-PROC
of	O
human	B-SPEC
monoclonal	O
antibodies	B-COMP
against	O
diseases	O
caused	O
by	O
emerging	O
and	O
biodefense	O
-	O
related	O
viruses	O
.	O

The	O
humanized	O
mAb	O
Synagis	O
(	O
palivizumab	O
),	O
which	O
is	O
still	O
the	O
only	O
mAb	O
against	O
a	O
viral	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
approved	O
by	O
the	O
US	O
FDA	O
,	O
has	O
been	O
widely	O
used	O
as	O
a	O
prophylactic	O
measure	O
against	O
respiratory	B-DISO
syncytial	I-DISO
virus	I-DISO
infections	I-DISO
in	O
neonates	O
and	O
immunocompromised	O
individuals	O
.	O

The	O
first	O
fully	O
human	B-SPEC
mAbs	O
against	O
two	O
other	O
paramyxoviruses	O
,	O
Hendra	O
and	O
Nipah	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
,	O
which	O
can	O
cause	O
high	O
(	O
up	O
to	O
75	O
%)	O
mortality	O
,	O
were	O
recently	O
developed	O
;	O
one	O
of	O
them	O
,	O
m101	O
,	O
showed	O
exceptional	O
potency	O
against	O
infectious	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
.	O

A	O
related	O
problem	O
is	O
the	O
low	O
binding	B-FUNC
affinity	O
of	O
crossreactive	O
antibodies	B-COMP
able	O
to	O
neutralize	O
a	O
variety	O
of	O
primary	O
isolates	O
.	O

Six	O
(	O
7	O
.	O
6	O
%)	O
had	O
taken	O
sick	O
leave	O
from	O
March	O
2003	O
to	O
June	O
2004	O
(	O
mean	O
2	O
days	O
;	O
range	O
1	O
-	O
4	O
days	O
)	O
and	O
47	O
(	O
59	O
.	O
5	O
%)	O
required	O
use	O
of	O
abortive	O
analgesics	O
because	O
of	O
headache	B-DISO
.	O

Multivariate	O
logistic	O
regression	O
showed	O
that	O
pre	O
-	O
existing	O
headaches	O
[	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
041	O
,	O
OR	O
=	O
1	O
.	O
97	O
(	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
1	O
.	O
03	O
-	O
3	O
.	O
77	O
)]	O
and	O
continuous	O
use	O
of	O
the	O
N95	O
face	B-DISO
-	O
mask	O
exceeding	O
4	O
h	O
[	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
053	O
,	O
OR	O
=	O
1	O
.	O
85	O
(	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
0	O
.	O
99	O
-	O
3	O
.	O
43	O
)]	O
were	O
associated	O
with	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
headaches	B-DISO
.	O

We	O
evaluated	O
the	O
efficacy	O
of	O
an	O
aggressive	B-DISO
systemic	O
protocol	O
including	O
strategies	O
improving	O
body	B-ANAT
'	O
s	O
immune	B-PROC
function	I-PROC
.	O

Patients	O
were	O
subjected	O
to	O
a	O
protocol	O
including	O
(	O
i	O
)	O
withdrawal	B-DISO
of	O
most	O
immunosuppressants	O
,	O
(	O
ii	O
)	O
early	O
use	O
of	O
immunoenhancers	O
and	O
continuous	O
renal	B-ANAT
replacement	O
therapy	O
(	O
CRRT	O
),	O
(	O
iii	O
)	O
reasonable	O
administration	O
of	O
antibiotic	B-CHED
regimen	O
,	O
(	O
iv	O
)	O
prompt	O
mechanical	O
ventilating	O
strategy	O
,	O
and	O
(	O
v	O
)	O
adequate	O
nutrition	B-PROC
.	O

Pathogens	O
directly	O
or	O
indirectly	O
transmitted	B-DISO
by	O
aerosolized	O
droplets	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
avian	O
influenza	O
and	O
SARS	B-DISO
,	O
pose	O
considerable	O
containment	O
challenges	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Typing	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
IBV	B-SPEC
)	O
strains	O
is	O
useful	O
for	O
implementation	O
of	O
control	O
measures	O
and	O
for	O
understanding	O
the	O
epidemiology	O
and	O
evolution	B-PROC
of	O
IBV	B-SPEC
.	O

Three	O
different	O
restriction	O
endonucleases	O
,	O
AluI	O
,	O
Sau3AI	O
and	O
MnlI	O
,	O
were	O
used	O
to	O
digest	O
the	O
7	O
.	O
5	O
kb	O
PCR	O
product	O
from	O
different	O
IBV	B-SPEC
strains	O
and	O
the	O
resultant	O
RFLP	O
patterns	O
were	O
compared	O
.	O

Personal	O
resources	O
and	O
mental	O
health	O
factors	O
are	O
likely	O
to	O
influence	O
the	O
public	O
'	O
s	O
ability	O
to	O
learn	B-PROC
about	O
,	O
rationally	O
appraise	O
the	O
threat	O
of	O
,	O
and	O
minimize	O
stigmatization	O
of	O
emerging	O
infectious	O
diseases	O
such	O
as	O
AIDS	O
and	O
SARS	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Preparing	O
the	O
biochemistry	O
laboratory	O
for	O
the	O
next	O
outbreak	O
:	O
lessons	O
from	O
SARS	B-DISO
in	O
Singapore	O
.	O

Singapore	O
was	O
affected	O
by	O
the	O
global	O
pandemic	O
in	O
early	O
2003	O
,	O
with	O
238	O
cases	O
and	O
33	O
deaths	B-PROC
.	O

The	O
animals	B-SPEC
were	O
raised	O
in	O
homes	O
,	O
dog	B-SPEC
schools	O
or	O
farms	O
.	O

No	O
CCVs	O
was	O
detected	O
from	O
healthy	O
mink	B-SPEC
feces	B-ANAT
.	O

Sequence	O
analysis	O
found	O
that	O
ten	O
type	O
II	O
CCVs	O
fragments	O
of	O
M	B-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
shared	O
a	O
high	O
similarity	O
with	O
reference	O
strain	O
CCV	B-DISO
1	O
-	O
71	O
(	O
96	O
.	O
5	O
-	O
99	O
.	O
5	O
%),	O
and	O
four	O
type	O
I	O
CCVs	O
shared	O
a	O
high	O
similarity	O
(	O
96	O
.	O
7	O
%-	O
98	O
.	O
1	O
%)	O
with	O
a	O
reported	O
FCV	B-CHED
-	O
like	O
CCV	B-DISO
strain	O
.	O

The	O
key	O
intermediate	O
(+)-	O
12a	O
was	O
utilized	O
for	O
the	O
synthesis	B-PROC
of	O
unnatural	O
five	O
-	O
membered	O
ring	O
heterocyclic	O
carbocyclic	O
nucleosides	B-CHED
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
time	O
course	O
of	O
impairment	B-DISO
of	O
respiratory	B-PROC
mechanics	I-PROC
and	O
gas	B-ENZY
exchange	O
in	O
the	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
remains	O
poorly	O
defined	O
.	O

We	O
hypothesized	O
that	O
due	O
to	O
the	O
changes	O
in	O
respiratory	B-PROC
mechanics	I-PROC
over	O
time	O
,	O
ventilatory	O
strategies	O
based	O
on	O
rigid	B-DISO
volume	O
or	O
pressure	O
limits	O
might	O
fail	O
to	O
prevent	O
overdistension	O
throughout	O
the	O
disease	O
process	O
.	O

(	O
1	O
)	O
UIP	B-DISO
decreased	O
from	O
early	O
to	O
established	O
(	O
intermediate	O
and	O
late	O
)	O
ARDS	B-DISO
[	O
30	O
(	O
28	O
-	O
30	O
)	O
cmH2O	O
,	O
27	O
(	O
25	O
-	O
30	O
)	O
cmH2O	O
and	O
25	O
(	O
23	O
-	O
28	O
)	O
cmH2O	O
(	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
014	O
)];	O
(	O
2	O
)	O
oxygenation	B-PROC
improved	O
in	O
survivors	O
and	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
non	O
-	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
etiology	O
in	O
late	O
ARDS	B-DISO
,	O
whereas	O
all	O
patients	O
developed	O
hypercapnia	B-DISO
from	O
early	O
to	O
established	O
ARDS	B-DISO
;	O
and	O
(	O
3	O
)	O
dead	B-PROC
-	O
space	O
ventilation	O
and	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
shunt	O
were	O
larger	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
etiology	O
during	O
late	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

If	O
applied	O
to	O
our	O
data	O
,	O
the	O
inspiratory	B-PROC
pressure	O
limit	O
advocated	O
by	O
the	O
ARDSnet	O
(	O
30	O
cmH2O	O
)	O
would	O
produce	O
ventilation	O
over	O
the	O
UIP	B-DISO
,	O
with	O
a	O
consequent	O
increased	O
risk	O
of	O
overdistension	O
in	O
12	O
%,	O
43	O
%	O
and	O
65	O
%	O
of	O
our	O
patients	O
during	O
the	O
acute	O
,	O
intermediate	O
and	O
late	O
phases	O
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
,	O
respectively	O
.	O

After	O
surfactant	B-CHED
instillation	O
,	O
similar	O
improvements	O
in	O
gas	B-ENZY
exchange	O
and	O
lung	B-ANAT
mechanics	O
were	O
observed	O
for	O
the	O
lucinactant	O
and	O
poractant	O
-	O
alpha	O
groups	O
at	O
1	O
hour	O
(	O
pH	O
:	O
7	O
.	O
3	O
+/-	O
0	O
.	O
1	O
vs	O
7	O
.	O
4	O
+/-	O

0	O
.	O
1	O
mL	O
/	O
cm	O
H2O	B-CHED
per	O
kg	O
).	O

Among	O
preterm	O
lambs	B-SPEC
with	O
severe	O
RDS	O
,	O
lucinactant	O
produced	O
improvements	O
in	O
gas	B-ENZY
exchange	O
and	O
lung	B-ANAT
mechanics	O
similar	O
to	O
those	O
observed	O
with	O
a	O
porcine	B-SPEC
-	O
derived	O
surfactant	B-CHED
.	O

Cardiovascular	B-ANAT
profiles	O
remained	O
stable	O
in	O
both	O
groups	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Immunotherapy	O
with	O
monoclonal	O
antibodies	B-COMP
(	O
MAbs	O
)	O
offers	O
safe	O
interventions	O
for	O
the	O
prevention	O
of	O
infection	B-DISO
in	O
patients	O
after	O
organ	B-ANAT
transplantation	O
and	O
for	O
the	O
treatment	O
of	O
cancers	B-DISO
and	O
autoimmune	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
.	O

The	O
efficacy	O
of	O
MAb	O
201	O
in	O
the	O
treatment	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
was	O
evaluated	O
in	O
golden	O
Syrian	B-SPEC
hamsters	I-SPEC
,	O
an	O
animal	B-SPEC
model	O
that	O
supports	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
replication	O
to	O
high	O
levels	O
and	O
displays	O
severe	O
pathological	O
changes	O
associated	O
with	O
infection	B-DISO
,	O
including	O
pneumonitis	B-DISO
and	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
consolidation	I-DISO
.	O

After	O
a	O
hamster	B-SPEC
is	O
treated	O
with	O
MAb	O
201	O
,	O
its	O
viral	O
burden	O
is	O
reduced	O
by	O
102	O
.	O
4	O
-	O
103	O
.	O
9	O
50	O
%	O
tissue	B-ANAT
-	O
culture	O
infectious	B-DISO
doses	O
per	O
gram	O
of	O
tissue	B-ANAT
,	O
and	O
the	O
severity	O
of	O
associated	O
pathological	O
findings	O
,	O
including	O
interstitial	B-DISO
pneumonitis	I-DISO
and	O
consolidation	O
,	O
is	O
also	O
remarkably	O
reduced	O
.	O

The	O
demonstration	O
of	O
successful	O
postexposure	O
MAb	O
201	O
therapy	O
in	O
an	O
animal	B-SPEC
model	O
that	O
demonstrates	O
viral	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
and	O
associated	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
pathological	O
findings	O
suggests	O
that	O
MAb	O
201	O
may	O
be	O
useful	O
in	O
the	O
arsenal	O
of	O
tools	O
to	O
combat	B-CHED
SARS	B-DISO
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Postexposure	O
treatment	O
with	O
MAb	O
201	O
can	O
alleviate	O
the	O
viral	O
burden	O
and	O
associated	O
pathological	O
findings	O
in	O
a	O
golden	O
Syrian	B-SPEC
hamster	I-SPEC
model	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
CoV	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
.	O

After	O
a	O
hamster	B-SPEC
is	O
treated	O
with	O
MAb	O
201	O
,	O
its	O
viral	O
burden	O
is	O
reduced	O
by	O
102	O
.	O
4	O
-	O
103	O
.	O
9	O
50	O
%	O
tissue	B-ANAT
-	O
culture	O
infectious	B-DISO
doses	O
per	O
gram	O
of	O
tissue	B-ANAT
,	O
and	O
the	O
severity	O
of	O
associated	O
pathological	O
findings	O
,	O
including	O
interstitial	B-DISO
pneumonitis	I-DISO
and	O
consolidation	O
,	O
is	O
also	O
remarkably	O
reduced	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Effects	O
of	O
single	O
intratracheal	O
exposure	O
to	O
chlorhexidine	B-CHED
gluconate	I-CHED
on	O
the	O
rat	B-ANAT
lung	I-ANAT
.	O

At	O
the	O
higher	O
concentrations	O
of	O
CHX	O
(	O
0	O
.	O
1	O
%	O
and	O
1	O
%),	O
severe	O
congestion	B-DISO
to	O
the	O
alveoli	B-ANAT
and	O
capillaries	B-ANAT
and	O
perivascular	O
and	O
intra	O
-	O
alveolar	B-ANAT
hemorrhages	B-DISO
were	O
observed	O
1	O
day	O
after	O
exposure	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Taiwan	O
experienced	O
a	O
series	O
of	O
outbreaks	O
of	O
nosocomial	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
infections	B-DISO
in	O
2003	O
.	O

SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
infections	B-DISO
were	O
detected	O
by	O
using	O
enzyme	O
immunoassays	O
and	O
confirmed	O
by	O
a	O
combination	O
of	O
Western	O
blot	O
assays	O
,	O
neutralizing	O
antibody	B-COMP
tests	O
,	O
and	O
commercial	O
SARS	B-DISO
tests	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Functional	O
peptide	B-CHED
microarrays	O
for	O
specific	O
and	O
sensitive	O
antibody	B-COMP
diagnostics	O
.	O

Our	O
method	O
relies	O
on	O
the	O
efficiency	O
of	O
site	O
-	O
specific	O
solution	O
-	O
phase	O
coupling	O
of	O
biotinylated	O
synthetic	O
peptides	B-CHED
to	O
NeutrAvidin	O
(	O
NA	O
)	O
and	O
localized	O
microdispensing	O
of	O
peptide	B-CHED
-	O
NA	O
-	O
complexes	O
onto	O
activated	O
glass	O
surfaces	O
.	O

Vero	O
E6	O
mainly	O
expressed	B-PROC
p90RSK1	B-PRGE
and	O
showed	O
weak	O
expression	B-PROC
of	O
p90RSK2	B-PRGE
.	O

This	O
is	O
the	O
first	O
detailed	O
report	O
regarding	O
regulation	B-PROC
of	O
p90RSK	B-PRGE
phosphorylation	B-PROC
by	O
virus	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
.	O

in	O
85	O
sera	B-COMP
(	O
47	O
%)	O
and	O
HPS	B-DISO
in	O
33	O
sera	B-COMP
(	O
18	O
%).	O

Nurse	O
participants	O
were	O
from	O
two	O
SARS	B-DISO
units	O
(	O
regular	O
SARS	B-DISO
[	O
N	O
=	O
44	O
]	O
and	O
SARS	B-DISO
ICU	O
[	O
N	O
=	O
26	O
])	O
and	O
two	O
non	O
-	O
SARS	B-DISO
units	O
(	O
Neurology	O
[	O
N	O
=	O
15	O
]	O
and	O
CCU	O
[	O
N	O
=	O
17	O
]).	O

Participants	O
periodically	O
self	O
-	O
evaluated	O
their	O
depression	B-DISO
,	O
anxiety	O
,	O
post	O
-	O
traumatic	O
stress	B-DISO
symptoms	I-DISO
,	O
sleep	B-DISO
disturbance	I-DISO
,	O
attitude	O
towards	O
SARS	B-DISO
and	O
family	B-SPEC
support	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
is	O
a	O
virulent	O
viral	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
that	O
affects	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
organs	B-ANAT
and	O
systems	O
.	O

Antibodies	B-COMP
were	O
also	O
detected	O
for	O
some	O
putative	O
proteins	B-CHED
,	O
noticeably	O
the	O
C	O
-	O
termini	O
of	O
SARS3a	O
and	O
SARS6	O
.	O

CCoV	O
and	O
feline	B-SPEC
coronavirus	B-SPEC
are	O
classified	O
as	O
group	O
1	O
coronaviruses	O
.	O

In	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
we	O
examined	O
the	O
prevalence	O
of	O
antibodies	B-COMP
to	O
group	O
2	O
coronaviruses	O
in	O
domestic	O
dogs	B-SPEC
and	O
cats	B-SPEC
in	O
Japan	O
by	O
a	O
neutralization	O
test	O
using	O
BCoV	O
.	O
All	O
104	O
feline	B-SPEC
serum	B-COMP
samples	O
were	O
negative	O
(<	O
1	O
:	O
5	O
)	O
for	O
anti	O
-	O
BCoV	O
antibodies	B-COMP
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Antiretroviral	O
drugs	O
in	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
].	O

Preliminary	O
results	O
for	O
SARS	B-DISO
treatment	O
with	O
protease	O
and	O
entry	O
inhibitors	O
,	O
although	O
at	O
early	O
stages	O
of	O
development	B-PROC
,	O
are	O
promising	O
.	O

Group	O
G	O
streptococci	O
cause	O
a	O
variety	O
of	O
common	O
and	O
severe	O
infections	B-DISO
.	O

However	O
,	O
he	O
developed	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
and	O
was	O
transferred	O
to	O
the	O
intensive	O
-	O
care	O
unit	O
for	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
.	O

After	O
the	O
patient	O
was	O
treated	O
with	O
doxycycline	B-CHED
200	O
mg	O
i	O
.	O
v	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
The	O
validity	O
and	O
reliability	O
of	O
the	O
functional	O
impairment	B-DISO
checklist	O
(	O
FIC	O
)	O
in	O
the	O
evaluation	O
of	O
functional	O
consequences	O
of	O
severe	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
distress	O
syndrome	O
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
).	O

Moreover	O
,	O
the	O
FIC	O
scales	B-ANAT
correlated	O
with	O
St	O
.	O
George	O
'	O
s	O
respiratory	O
questionnaire	O
(	O
SGRQ	O
)	O
(	O
0	O
.	O
19	O
to	O
0	O
.	O
52	O
)	O
and	O
short	O
form	O
36	O
Hong	O
Kong	O
(	O
SF	O
-	O
36	O
)	O
domains	O
(-	O
0	O
.	O
19	O
to	O
-	O
0	O
.	O
59	O
).	O

FIC	O
reduced	O
significantly	O
at	O
6	O
months	O
while	O
the	O
SF	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
36	I-PRGE
PCS	I-PRGE
and	O
MCS	B-COMP
did	O
not	O
show	O
any	O
change	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Promoter	O
activity	O
of	O
SARS	B-PRGE
coronavirus	B-SPEC
5	I-PRGE
'	I-PRGE
UTR	I-PRGE
sequence	I-PRGE
in	O
eukaryotic	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
.	O

casei	O
in	O
0	O
.	O
1	O
ml	O
PBS	B-DISO
with	O
the	O
aid	O
of	O
an	O
intubation	O
needle	O
at	O
1	O
,	O
2	O
and	O
3	O
d	O
of	O
age	O
.	O

The	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
first	O
appeared	O
in	O
2002	O
and	O
spread	O
rapidly	O
around	O
the	O
globe	B-ANAT
.	O

The	O
several	O
studies	O
carried	O
out	O
by	O
different	O
researchers	O
have	O
focused	O
upon	O
the	O
epidemiological	O
relevance	O
of	O
these	O
viruses	B-SPEC
and	O
,	O
considering	O
the	O
wide	O
diffusion	O
of	O
CCoV	O
infections	B-DISO
among	O
dog	B-SPEC
populations	O
,	O
the	O
author	O
underlines	O
the	O
need	O
for	O
further	O
investigation	O
on	O
the	O
biology	O
of	O
CCoV	O
and	O
on	O
the	O
pathogenetic	O
role	O
of	O
their	O
infections	B-DISO
.	O

By	O
changing	O
the	O
donor	B-CHED
sequence	O
,	O
acceptor	B-CHED
sites	O
between	O
genomic	O
nt	O
33	O
and	O
97	O
(	O
identical	O
between	O
the	O
DI	O
RNA	O
and	O
the	O
viral	B-COMP
genome	I-COMP
)	O
could	O
be	O
used	O
to	O
generate	O
sgmRNAs	O
detectable	O
by	O
Northern	O
analysis	O
(	O
approximately	O
2	O
to	O
32	O
molecules	O
per	O
cell	B-COMP
)	O
by	O
24	O
h	O
postinfection	O
.	O

Herein	O
,	O
we	O
show	O
that	O
the	O
JHM	O
strain	O
also	O
productively	O
infected	O
DCs	B-DISO
.	O

Results	O
from	O
a	O
pilot	O
study	O
to	O
evaluate	O
the	O
clinical	O
efficacy	O
of	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
alpha	I-PRGE
treatment	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
provided	O
evidence	O
for	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	O
inducible	O
resolution	O
of	O
disease	O
.	O

Notably	O
,	O
our	O
data	O
suggest	O
that	O
MHV	B-SPEC
-	O
1	O
infection	B-DISO
,	O
as	O
for	O
the	O
Urbani	O
SARS	B-DISO
coronoavirus	O
,	O
inhibits	O
an	O
IFN	B-PRGE
response	O
,	O
inferred	O
from	O
the	O
lack	O
of	O
activation	O
of	O
pkr	O
and	O
2	O
'	O
5	O
'-	O
oas	B-DISO
,	O
genes	O
associated	O
with	O
mediating	O
the	O
antiviral	B-CHED
activities	O
of	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
alphas	I-PRGE
.	O

To	O
identify	O
potential	O
target	O
genes	O
that	O
are	O
activated	O
downstream	O
of	O
the	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	O
inducible	O
signaling	B-PROC
effectors	O
we	O
identified	O
,	O
and	O
that	O
mediate	O
protection	O
from	O
coronavirus	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
,	O
we	O
examined	O
the	O
gene	B-PROC
expression	I-PROC
profiles	O
in	O
the	O
peripheral	B-ANAT
blood	I-ANAT
mononuclear	I-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
who	O
received	O
IFN	B-PRGE
treatment	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Canine	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
-	O
associated	O
puppy	O
mortality	O
without	O
evidence	O
of	O
concurrent	O
canine	B-DISO
parvovirus	B-SPEC
infection	I-DISO
.	O

The	O
puppy	O
died	B-PROC
within	O
12	O
hours	O
of	O
admission	O
and	O
was	O
submitted	O
for	O
diagnostic	O
workup	O
.	O

Immunohistochemistry	O
(	O
IHC	O
)	O
on	O
gut	B-ANAT
sections	O
was	O
positive	O
for	O
CCV	B-DISO
and	O
negative	O
for	O
CPV	B-SPEC
-	O
2	O
.	O

Electron	O
microscopy	O
of	O
the	O
intestinal	B-ANAT
contents	I-ANAT
was	O
positive	O
for	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
and	O
negative	O
for	O
parvovirus	B-DISO
.	O

These	O
cases	O
emphasize	O
the	O
importance	O
of	O
pursuing	O
a	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
CCV	B-DISO
in	O
young	O
puppies	O
when	O
CPV	B-SPEC
-	O
2	O
disease	O
has	O
been	O
ruled	O
out	O
by	O
IHC	O
.	O

For	O
Cp	O
felis	B-SPEC
,	O
the	O
majority	O
of	O
seropositive	O
animals	B-SPEC
had	O
relatively	O
low	O
antibody	B-COMP
titres	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
risk	O
of	O
these	O
animals	B-SPEC
infecting	O
others	O
is	O
not	O
known	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Two	O
different	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
vaccine	O
strategies	O
were	O
evaluated	O
for	O
their	O
ability	O
to	O
protect	O
against	O
live	O
SARS	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
CoV	O
)	O
challenge	O
in	O
a	O
murine	B-SPEC
model	O
of	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
In	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
,	O
the	O
relationships	O
between	O
changes	O
in	O
the	O
elastic	O
behavior	O
of	O
the	O
respiratory	B-ANAT
system	I-ANAT
and	O
biological	O
markers	O
of	O
extra	O
-	O
cellular	B-COMP
matrix	I-COMP
or	O
surfactant	B-CHED
turn	O
-	O
over	O
could	O
give	O
some	O
insights	O
into	O
its	O
pathophysiological	O
determinants	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Lymphocyte	B-ANAT
infiltration	B-DISO
into	O
the	O
central	B-ANAT
nervous	I-ANAT
system	I-ANAT
(	O
CNS	B-CHED
)	O
following	O
viral	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
represents	O
an	O
important	O
component	O
of	O
host	B-PROC
defense	I-PROC
and	O
is	O
required	O
for	O
control	O
of	O
viral	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Predicting	O
case	O
numbers	O
during	O
infectious	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
outbreaks	O
when	O
some	O
cases	O
are	O
undiagnosed	O
.	O

A	O
Bayesian	O
Markov	O
chain	O
Monte	O
Carlo	O
approach	O
is	O
used	O
to	O
fit	B-DISO
a	O
model	O
of	O
infectious	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
transmission	I-DISO
that	O
takes	O
account	O
of	O
undiagnosed	O
cases	O
.	O

The	O
in	O
-	O
hospital	O
mortality	O
was	O
15	O
of	O
58	O
(	O
25	O
.	O
9	O
%);	O
13	O
(	O
22	O
.	O
4	O
%)	O
patients	O
died	B-PROC
in	O
the	O
ICU	O
.	O

The	O
mean	O
survival	O
of	O
patients	O
who	O
died	O
was	O
53	O
.	O
6	O
days	O
(	O
range	O
1	O
-	O
229	O
),	O
with	O
50	O
%	O
of	O
the	O
patients	O
dying	B-PROC
within	O
the	O
first	O
32	O
days	O
.	O

The	O
factors	O
independently	O
associated	O
with	O
mortality	O
were	O
:	O
acute	B-DISO
renal	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
,	O
need	O
for	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
,	O
chronic	B-DISO
pancreatitis	I-DISO
,	O
sepsis	B-DISO
,	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
,	O
and	O
nosocomial	B-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
.	O

Induction	O
level	O
of	O
suppressor	B-PRGE
of	I-PRGE
cytokine	I-PRGE
signaling	O
-	O
3	O
(	O
SOCS3	B-PRGE
)	O
by	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
was	O
significantly	O
lower	O
than	O
that	O
by	O
RSV	B-SPEC
in	O
spite	O
of	O
the	O
significant	O
production	O
of	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
6	I-FUNC
.	O

They	O
were	O
interviewed	O
and	O
asked	O
to	O
provide	O
a	O
blood	B-ANAT
sample	I-ANAT
for	O
SARS	B-PRGE
coronavirus	B-SPEC
immunoglobulin	B-PROC
G	I-PRGE
antibody	B-COMP
testing	O
.	O

Key	O
nursing	B-PROC
personnel	O
were	O
also	O
interviewed	O
.	O

Infection	B-DISO
control	O
overshadowed	O
the	O
family	B-SPEC
-	O
centred	O
nursing	B-PROC
practices	O
in	O
the	O
management	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
paediatric	O
patients	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Seroprevalence	O
of	O
IgG	B-PRGE
antibodies	I-PRGE
to	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
in	O
asymptomatic	O
or	O
subclinical	O
population	O
groups	O
.	O

Health	O
-	O
care	O
workers	O
and	O
others	O
who	O
had	O
close	O
contact	O
with	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
had	O
a	O
slightly	O
higher	O
degree	O
of	O
seroconversion	O
(	O
0	O
.	O
23	O
%,	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
0	O
.	O
02	O
-	O
0	O
.	O
45	O
)	O
compared	O
to	O
healthy	O
blood	B-ANAT
donors	O
,	O
others	O
from	O
the	O
general	O
community	O
or	O
non	O
-	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
recruited	O
from	O
the	O
health	O
-	O
care	O
setting	O
(	O
0	O
.	O
16	O
%,	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
0	O
-	O
0	O
.	O
37	O
).	O

Potential	O
epidemiological	O
and	O
laboratory	O
pitfalls	O
are	O
also	O
discussed	O
as	O
they	O
may	O
give	O
rise	O
to	O
false	O
or	O
inconsistent	O
results	O
in	O
measuring	O
the	O
seroprevalence	O
of	O
IgG	O
antibodies	O
to	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
study	O
sought	O
to	O
identify	O
factors	O
involved	O
in	O
the	O
emergence	O
,	O
prevention	O
and	O
elimination	B-PROC
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
in	O
Hong	O
Kong	O
during	O
11	O
March	O
to	O
22	O
May	O
2003	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
analyze	O
the	O
3	O
'-	O
end	O
structural	O
protein	B-CHED
-	O
encoding	O
region	O
of	O
turkey	B-SPEC
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
TCoV	O
)	O
isolates	O
associated	O
with	O
outbreaks	O
of	O
acute	O
enteritis	B-DISO
in	O
Indiana	O
,	O
North	O
Carolina	O
,	O
or	O
Minnesota	O
.	O

The	O
phylogenetic	O
tree	O
based	O
on	O
other	O
genes	O
had	O
a	O
very	O
different	O
topology	O
with	O
TCoV	O
isolates	O
randomly	O
forming	O
groups	O
with	O
different	O
IBV	B-SPEC
strains	O
.	O

Recrudescence	O
of	O
neurotropic	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
due	O
to	O
loss	O
of	O
T	B-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
-	O
mediated	O
immune	O
control	O
provided	O
an	O
experimental	O
model	O
to	O
test	O
T	B-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
vaccination	O
efficacy	O
in	O
the	O
absence	O
of	O
Ab	O
.	O

Severely	O
reduced	O
MHC	B-PROC
expression	B-PROC
on	O
glial	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
at	O
the	O
time	O
of	O
recrudescence	O
suggested	O
that	O
memory	B-PROC
T	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
,	O
although	O
fully	O
armed	O
to	O
exert	B-PROC
antiviral	B-CHED
activity	O
upon	O
Ag	O
recognition	O
in	O
vitro	O
,	O
are	O
not	O
responsive	O
in	O
an	O
environment	O
presenting	O
few	O
if	O
any	O
target	B-PRGE
MHC	I-PRGE
molecules	I-PRGE
.	O

These	O
studies	O
demonstrate	O
that	O
vaccine	O
-	O
induced	O
T	O
cell	B-ANAT
memory	B-PROC
alone	O
is	O
unable	O
to	O
control	O
persisting	O
virus	B-SPEC
in	O
a	O
tissue	B-ANAT
with	O
strict	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
dependent	I-PRGE
MHC	I-PRGE
regulation	B-PROC
,	O
as	O
evident	O
in	O
immune	O
privileged	O
sites	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
This	O
paper	O
provides	O
an	O
overview	O
of	O
the	O
Hong	O
Kong	O
government	O
'	O
s	O
influenza	B-DISO
preparedness	O
plan	B-DISO
and	O
the	O
key	O
roles	O
of	O
public	O
health	O
nurses	O
in	O
that	O
plan	B-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
threat	O
of	O
a	O
human	B-DISO
influenza	I-DISO
pandemic	O
has	O
greatly	O
increased	O
over	O
the	O
past	O
several	O
years	O
with	O
the	O
emergence	O
of	O
highly	O
virulent	O
avian	O
influenza	B-SPEC
viruses	I-SPEC
,	O
notably	O
H5N1	B-DISO
viruses	B-SPEC
,	O
which	O
have	O
infected	O
humans	B-SPEC
in	O
several	O
Asian	O
and	O
European	O
countries	O
.	O

Screening	O
and	O
quarantining	O
entering	O
travelers	O
at	O
international	O
borders	O
did	O
not	O
substantially	O
delay	O
virus	B-SPEC
introduction	O
in	O
past	O
pandemics	O
,	O
except	O
in	O
some	O
island	O
countries	O
,	O
and	O
will	O
likely	O
be	O
even	O
less	O
effective	O
in	O
the	O
modern	O
era	B-CHED
.	O

Using	O
simulation	O
studies	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
like	O
outbreaks	O
,	O
we	O
have	O
shown	O
that	O
the	O
method	O
may	O
be	O
used	O
for	O
early	O
monitoring	O
of	O
the	O
effect	O
of	O
control	O
measures	O
.	O

After	O
infection	B-DISO
with	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
,	O
cells	B-COMP
were	O
observed	O
for	O
cytopathic	B-DISO
effects	I-DISO
,	O
and	O
quantitative	O
real	O
-	O
time	O
polymerase	O
chain	O
reaction	O
was	O
used	O
to	O
measure	O
ongoing	O
viral	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
.	O

These	O
results	O
indicated	O
that	O
the	O
region	O
around	O
residues	O
156	O
-	O
175	O
of	O
the	O
N	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
is	O
immunogenic	O
in	O
the	O
mouse	B-SPEC
,	O
monkey	B-SPEC
,	O
and	O
human	B-SPEC
.	O

We	O
found	O
that	O
peptides	B-CHED
corresponding	O
to	O
residues	O
1	O
-	O
30	O
,	O
86	O
-	O
100	O
,	O
306	O
-	O
320	O
,	O
and	O
351	O
-	O
365	O
contained	O
murine	B-SPEC
immunodominant	O
T	B-ANAT
-	I-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
epitopes	O
.	O

Livers	B-ANAT
recovered	O
from	O
untreated	O
infected	O
mice	O
showed	O
greater	O
than	O
90	O
%	O
necrosis	B-PROC
.	O

Clinically	O
,	O
HRC	O
203	O
-	O
treated	O
mice	B-SPEC
behaved	O
normally	O
,	O
in	O
contrast	O
to	O
ribavirin	B-CHED
-	O
treated	O
mice	B-SPEC
,	O
which	O
developed	O
lethargy	B-DISO
and	O
abnormal	O
fur	O
texture	O
.	O

These	O
findings	O
indicate	O
that	O
the	O
ecto	O
-	O
domain	O
of	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
S	I-PRGE
glycoprotein	B-CHED
vaccine	O
,	O
with	O
or	O
without	O
adjuvant	B-CHED
,	O
is	O
immunogenic	O
and	O
induces	O
high	O
titers	O
of	O
virus	B-SPEC
neutralizing	O
antibodies	B-COMP
to	O
levels	O
similar	O
to	O
those	O
achieved	O
with	O
the	O
full	B-PRGE
S	I-PRGE
glycoprotein	I-PRGE
vaccine	O
.	O

Syndromic	O
and	O
traditional	O
surveillance	O
play	O
a	O
role	O
in	O
early	O
identification	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
in	O
an	O
endemic	O
area	O
.	O

Results	O
from	O
637	O
Coronase	O
and	O
191	O
7B	O
FIP	B-DISO
antibody	B-COMP
tests	O
were	O
recorded	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Rapid	O
differentiation	B-PROC
of	O
current	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
vaccine	O
strains	O
and	O
field	O
isolates	O
in	O
Australia	O
.	O

A	O
fragment	O
of	O
6	O
.	O
5	O
kilobases	O
that	O
contains	O
the	O
S	O
,	O
M	O
and	O
N	O
genes	O
was	O
amplified	O
by	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
from	O
ten	O
different	O
IBV	B-SPEC
strains	O
,	O
including	O
vaccine	O
strains	O
and	O
field	O
isolates	O
,	O
and	O
then	O
sequenced	O
.	O

Comparison	O
of	O
the	O
sequences	O
of	O
these	O
strains	O
revealed	O
a	O
deletion	O
of	O
58	O
bases	B-CHED
in	O
the	O
3	O
'	O
untranslated	O
region	O
(	O
UTR	O
)	O
of	O
IBV	B-SPEC
vaccine	O
strains	O
but	O
not	O
in	O
the	O
field	O
isolates	O
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
This	O
procedure	O
is	O
a	O
rapid	O
,	O
sensitive	O
and	O
inexpensive	O
method	O
for	O
discrimination	O
between	O
most	O
current	O
Australian	O
vaccine	O
strains	O
and	O
field	O
isolates	O
of	O
IBV	B-SPEC
.	O

In	O
the	O
ITCWM	O
group	O
,	O
average	O
time	O
in	O
hospital	O
was	O
shortened	O
(	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
058	O
),	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
duration	O
was	O
shortened	O
(	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
057	O
),	O
mortality	O
fell	O
(	O
P	O
=	O
-	O
0	O
.	O
001	O
).	O

The	O
observation	O
indexes	O
were	O
time	O
in	O
hospital	O
,	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
duration	O
,	O
mortality	O
,	O
glucocorticoid	B-CHED
'	O
s	O
gross	O
dosage	O
,	O
glucocorticoid	B-CHED
'	O
s	O
average	O
dosage	O
of	O
days	O
and	O
glucocorticoid	B-CHED
use	O
time	O
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
Compared	O
with	O
the	O
group	O
of	O
simplicity	O
western	O
mendicine	O
,	O
in	O
the	O
group	O
of	O
integratived	O
Chinese	O
and	O
western	O
mendicine	O
,	O
time	O
in	O
hospital	O
shorten	O
,	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
duration	O
shorten	O
,	O
mortality	O
fall	O
,	O
simultaneity	O
,	O
glucocorticoid	B-CHED
'	O
s	O
average	O
dosage	O
is	O
decreased	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Disseminated	O
adenovirus	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
with	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
in	O
pediatric	O
liver	B-ANAT
transplant	B-ANAT
recipients	O
:	O
impact	O
of	O
intravenous	O
cidofovir	O
and	O
inhaled	B-PROC
nitric	B-CHED
oxide	I-CHED
.	O

This	O
process	O
is	O
generally	O
programmed	O
by	O
signals	O
at	O
defined	O
locations	O
in	O
a	O
specific	O
mRNA	B-CHED
.	O

Taken	O
together	O
,	O
this	O
study	O
identifies	O
the	O
hepta	O
-	O
and	O
octo	O
-	O
uridine	B-CHED
stretches	B-DISO
that	O
function	O
as	O
sole	B-ANAT
elements	O
for	O
efficient	O
+	O
1	O
and	O
-	O
1	O
ribosomal	B-PROC
frameshift	B-DISO
events	O
.	O

To	O
study	O
the	O
cellular	B-COMP
response	O
in	O
the	O
acute	O
phase	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
)-	O
host	B-COMP
cell	I-COMP
interaction	O
,	O
we	O
investigated	O
the	O
induction	O
of	O
chemokines	O
,	O
adhesion	B-DISO
molecules	O
,	O
and	O
DC	O
-	O
SIGN	O
(	O
dendritic	B-ANAT
cell	B-COMP
-	O
specific	O
ICAM	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
3	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
grabbing	I-PRGE
nonintegrin	I-PRGE
)	O
by	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
.	O
Immunohistochemistry	O
revealed	O
neutrophil	B-ANAT
,	O
macrophage	B-ANAT
,	O
and	O
CD8	B-PRGE
T	B-ANAT
-	I-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
infiltration	B-DISO
in	O
the	O
lung	B-ANAT
autopsy	O
of	O
a	O
SARS	B-DISO
patient	O
who	O
died	B-PROC
during	O
the	O
acute	O
phase	O
of	O
illness	O
.	O

Additionally	O
,	O
pneumocytes	B-ANAT
and	O
macrophages	B-ANAT
in	O
the	O
patient	O
'	O
s	O
lung	B-ANAT
expressed	B-PROC
P	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
selectin	I-PRGE
and	O
DC	O
-	O
SIGN	O
.	O

Moreover	O
,	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
induced	O
THP	B-CHED
-	O
1	O
cells	B-COMP
to	O
express	O
CCL2	B-PRGE
/	O
MCP	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
,	O
CXCL8	B-PRGE
/	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
8	I-FUNC
,	O
CCL3	B-PRGE
/	O
MIP	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
1alpha	I-PRGE
,	O
CXCL10	B-PRGE
/	O
IP	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
10	I-PRGE
,	O
CCL4	B-PRGE
/	O
MIP	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
1beta	I-PRGE
,	O
and	O
CCL5	B-PRGE
/	O
RANTES	B-PRGE
,	O
which	O
attracted	O
neutrophils	B-ANAT
,	O
monocytes	B-ANAT
,	O
and	O
activated	O
T	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
in	O
a	O
chemotaxis	B-PROC
assay	O
.	O

IBV	B-SPEC
strains	O
of	O
subgroup	O
1	O
have	O
S1	O
and	O
N	O
proteins	B-CHED
that	O
share	O
a	O
high	O
degree	O
of	O
amino	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
identity	O
,	O
81	O
to	O
98	O
%	O
in	O
S1	O
and	O
91	O
to	O
99	O
%	O
in	O
N	O
.	O
Subgroup	O
2	O
strains	O
possess	B-DISO
S1	O
and	O
N	O
proteins	B-CHED
that	O
share	O
a	O
low	O
level	O
of	O
identity	O
with	O
subgroup	O
1	O
strains	O
:	O
54	O
to	O
62	O
%	O
in	O
S1	O
and	O
60	O
to	O
62	O
%	O
in	O
N	O
.	O
This	O
paper	O
describes	O
the	O
isolation	O
and	O
characterisation	O
of	O
a	O
third	O
,	O
previously	O
undetected	O
genetic	O
group	O
of	O
IBV	B-SPEC
in	O
Australia	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Some	O
medical	O
staff	O
positive	O
for	O
serum	B-PRGE
SARS	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
antibody	B-COMP
IgG	I-PRGE
have	O
only	O
mild	O
symptoms	O
].	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
identify	O
patients	O
with	O
SARS	O
coronavirus	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
who	O
have	O
only	O
mild	O
symptoms	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Serum	B-COMP
IgG	B-COMP
antibody	I-COMP
against	O
SARS	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
was	O
detected	O
in	O
all	O
the	O
19	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
,	O
and	O
among	O
the	O
200	O
staff	O
members	O
,	O
20	O
(	O
10	O
%)	O
were	O
found	O
positive	O
for	O
the	O
antibody	B-COMP
but	O
with	O
no	O
obvious	O
or	O
only	O
mild	O
symptoms	O
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
Serum	B-COMP
IgG	B-COMP
antibody	I-COMP
against	O
SARS	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
is	O
positive	O
in	O
a	O
small	O
proportion	O
(	O
around	O
10	O
%)	O
of	O
the	O
medical	O
staff	O
members	O
exposed	O
to	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
in	O
our	O
hospital	O
,	O
but	O
may	O
not	O
cause	O
obvious	O
symptoms	O
,	O
suggesting	O
SARS	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
might	O
in	O
some	O
cases	O
have	O
mild	O
or	O
even	O
no	O
clinical	O
manifestations	O
.	O

The	O
extent	O
of	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
was	O
evaluated	O
by	O
lung	B-ANAT
weight	O
/	O
body	B-ANAT
weight	O
ratio	O
,	O
lung	B-ANAT
weight	O
gain	O
,	O
protein	B-CHED
concentration	O
in	O
bronchoalveolar	O
lavage	O
,	O
and	O
exhaled	B-PROC
nitric	B-CHED
oxide	I-CHED
.	O

We	O
also	O
measured	O
plasma	B-ANAT
nitrate	B-CHED
/	O
nitrite	B-CHED
and	O
methyl	B-CHED
guanidine	B-CHED
.	O

In	O
addition	O
,	O
histopathologic	O
changes	O
of	O
the	O
lung	B-ANAT
were	O
examined	O
.	O

Lipopolysaccharide	B-CHED
caused	O
systemic	O
hypotension	O
and	O
severe	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
with	O
increases	O
in	O
plasma	B-ANAT
nitrate	B-CHED
/	O
nitrite	B-CHED
and	O
methyl	B-CHED
guanidine	B-CHED
.	O

Insulin	B-PRGE
also	O
attenuated	O
the	O
lipopolysaccharide	B-CHED
-	O
induced	O
increases	O
in	O
nitrate	B-CHED
/	O
nitrite	B-CHED
and	O
methyl	B-CHED
guanidine	B-CHED
.	O

It	O
is	O
mainly	O
localized	O
to	O
the	O
ER	O
and	O
the	O
Golgi	B-COMP
apparatus	I-COMP
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Inhibition	B-PROC
of	O
interferon	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
gamma	I-FUNC
signaling	B-PROC
in	O
oligodendroglia	B-ANAT
delays	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
clearance	O
without	O
altering	O
demyelination	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
is	O
caused	O
by	O
a	O
novel	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
,	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
.	O
Virus	B-SPEC
entry	O
into	O
cells	B-COMP
is	O
mediated	O
through	O
interactions	O
between	O
spike	O
(	O
S	O
)	O
glycoprotein	B-CHED
and	O
angiotensin	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
converting	I-PRGE
enzyme	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
(	O
ACE2	B-PRGE
).	O

22	O
-	O
44	O
and	O
22	O
-	O
57	O
)	O
exhibited	O
a	O
modest	O
antiviral	B-CHED
activity	O
with	O
IC50	O
of	O
about	O
50	O
microM	O
and	O
6	O
microM	O
,	O
respectively	O
.	O

Clinical	O
disease	O
,	O
CNS	B-CHED
inflammation	B-DISO
and	O
demyelination	B-DISO
in	O
infected	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
15	I-FUNC
-/-	O
mice	B-SPEC
were	O
similar	O
to	O
wild	O
-	O
type	O
mice	B-SPEC
.	O

Similar	O
kinetics	O
of	O
class	B-SPEC
I	O
and	O
class	B-SPEC
II	O
upregulation	B-PROC
on	O
microglia	B-ANAT
further	O
suggested	O
no	O
role	O
of	O
NK	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
in	O
regulating	O
major	B-PROC
histocompatibility	I-PROC
complex	I-PROC
(	O
MHC	O
)	O
molecule	O
expression	B-PROC
on	O
resident	O
CNS	B-CHED
cells	B-COMP
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Valinomycin	B-CHED
was	O
recently	O
reported	O
to	O
be	O
the	O
most	O
potent	O
agent	O
against	O
severe	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
-	O
syndrome	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
in	O
infected	O
Vero	O
E6	O
cells	B-COMP
.	O

Targeted	B-PROC
disruption	O
of	O
a	O
nonribosomal	B-PROC
peptide	I-PROC
synthetase	I-PROC
(	O
NRPS	O
)	O
gene	O
abolishes	O
valinomycin	B-CHED
production	O
,	O
which	O
confirms	O
its	O
predicted	O
nonribosomal	O
-	O
peptide	B-CHED
origin	O
.	O

Like	O
avian	B-DISO
influenza	I-DISO
,	O
the	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
was	O
a	O
zoonotic	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
,	O
perhaps	O
derived	O
from	O
related	O
coronaviruses	O
in	O
bats	B-SPEC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Biological	O
properties	O
of	O
the	O
chick	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
isolated	O
in	O
Russia	O
].	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
A	O
field	O
chick	O
infectious	O
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
IBV	B-SPEC
)	O
was	O
isolated	O
from	O
the	O
pathological	O
material	O
on	O
chick	B-ANAT
embryos	I-ANAT
.	O

A	O
cross	O
-	O
neutralization	O
test	O
using	O
sera	B-COMP
to	O
various	O
IBV	B-SPEC
seroptypes	O
was	O
performed	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Molecular	O
epidemiology	O
of	O
bovine	B-SPEC
coronavirus	B-SPEC
on	O
the	O
basis	O
of	O
comparative	O
analyses	O
of	O
the	O
S	B-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
.	O

The	O
attractive	O
features	O
of	O
monoclonal	O
antibodies	B-COMP
,	O
such	O
as	O
high	O
specificity	O
and	O
effective	O
recruitment	B-DISO
of	O
the	O
immune	B-ANAT
system	I-ANAT
,	O
would	O
seem	O
to	O
make	O
them	O
excellent	O
candidates	O
as	O
anti	B-CHED
-	I-CHED
infective	I-CHED
agents	I-CHED
.	O

Although	O
the	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
CoV	B-SPEC
)	O
S	O
glycoproteins	B-CHED
share	O
membership	O
in	O
this	O
class	B-SPEC
of	O
envelope	B-PRGE
glycoproteins	B-CHED
,	O
cleavage	B-PROC
to	O
generate	O
the	O
respective	O
S1	O
and	O
S2	O
subunits	O
appears	O
absent	O
in	O
a	O
subset	O
of	O
CoV	B-SPEC
species	B-SPEC
,	O
including	O
that	O
responsible	O
for	O
the	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
).	O

This	O
effect	O
on	O
the	O
cell	O
-	O
cell	B-COMP
fusion	O
activity	O
by	O
the	O
S	B-PRGE
glycoprotein	I-PRGE
is	O
not	O
,	O
however	O
,	O
reflected	O
in	O
the	O
infectivity	O
of	O
pseudotyped	O
lentiviruses	O
bearing	O
the	O
cleaved	B-ANAT
glycoprotein	B-CHED
.	O

Because	O
of	O
its	O
critical	O
role	O
in	O
viral	O
entry	O
,	O
the	O
S	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
is	O
an	O
important	O
target	O
for	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
anti	O
-	O
SARS	B-DISO
CoV	O
therapeutics	O
and	O
prophylactics	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
determine	O
the	O
association	O
between	O
body	B-ANAT
mass	O
index	O
(	O
BMI	O
)	O
and	O
hospital	O
mortality	O
for	O
critically	B-DISO
ill	I-DISO
adults	O
.	O

Published	O
articles	O
on	O
experimental	O
and	O
clinical	O
studies	O
of	O
coagulation	B-PROC
and	O
fibrinolysis	B-PROC
in	O
ALI	O
/	O
ARDS	B-DISO
,	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Little	O
is	O
known	O
about	O
the	O
incidence	O
of	O
Guillain	O
-	O
Barré	O
syndrome	O
(	O
GBS	B-DISO
)	O
in	O
Iran	O
.	O

The	O
temporary	O
interruption	O
of	O
the	O
PD	O
was	O
an	O
effective	O
measure	O
to	O
avoid	O
the	O
recurrence	B-DISO
of	O
the	O
MAH	O
.	O

The	O
goal	O
of	O
the	O
research	O
is	O
to	O
determine	O
by	O
retrospective	O
study	O
number	O
of	O
cases	O
of	O
acute	B-DISO
polyradiculoneuritis	I-DISO
during	O
the	O
war	O
in	O
the	O
Sarajevo	O
under	O
the	O
siege	O
and	O
their	O
outcome	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Developments	O
in	O
antiviral	B-CHED
drug	I-CHED
design	O
,	O
discovery	O
and	O
development	B-PROC
in	O
2004	O
.	O

In	O
case	O
of	O
severe	O
community	O
-	O
acquired	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
inflammation	B-DISO
spill	O
over	O
from	O
the	O
lungs	B-ANAT
,	O
particularly	O
there	O
is	O
a	O
persistent	O
increase	O
of	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
6	I-FUNC
and	O
CRP	B-PRGE
in	O
serum	B-COMP
,	O
and	O
this	O
is	O
associated	O
with	O
a	O
worst	O
prognosis	O
and	O
possible	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
sepsis	B-DISO
-	O
related	O
complications	O
.	O

Recent	O
randomized	O
controlled	O
clinical	O
trials	O
on	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
community	B-DISO
acquired	I-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
support	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
prolonged	O
infusion	O
of	O
low	O
doses	O
of	O
hydrocortisone	B-CHED
to	O
accelerate	O
the	O
resolution	O
of	O
the	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
and	O
prevent	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
complications	O
due	O
to	O
sepsis	B-DISO
.	O

(	O
7	O
)	O
Lung	B-DISO
fibrosis	I-DISO
was	O
seen	O
in	O
five	O
patients	O
(	O
5	O
/	O
6	O
),	O
with	O
alveolar	B-ANAT
septa	O
and	O
interstitium	B-ANAT
thickening	O
(	O
5	O
/	O
6	O
),	O
intraalveolar	O
organizing	O
exudates	B-ANAT
(	O
6	O
/	O
6	O
)	O
and	O
pleura	B-DISO
thickening	I-DISO
(	O
4	O
/	O
6	O
).	O

Proliferation	B-DISO
of	O
collagen	B-COMP
was	O
confirmed	O
by	O
Masson	O
trichromal	O
staining	O
,	O
most	O
of	O
which	O
was	O
type	B-PRGE
III	I-PRGE
collagen	I-PRGE
by	O
immunostaining	O
.	O

The	O
formation	B-PROC
of	O
distinctive	O
fibroblast	B-ANAT
/	O
myofibroblast	B-ANAT
foci	O
was	O
seen	O
in	O
five	O
patients	O
(	O
5	O
/	O
6	O
)	O
by	O
light	O
microscopy	O
and	O
immunochemistry	O
.	O

(	O
10	O
)	O
Accompanying	O
infection	B-DISO
was	O
present	O
in	O
two	O
patients	O
,	O
one	O
was	O
bacteria	B-SPEC
,	O
the	O
other	O
was	O
fungus	B-SPEC
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Four	O
of	O
six	O
patients	O
had	O
serological	O
and	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
evidence	O
of	O
recent	O
infection	B-DISO
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
.	O
Morphologic	O
changes	O
are	O
summarized	O
as	O
follows	O
:	O
(	O
1	O
)	O
Diffuse	O
and	O
bilateral	O
lung	B-DISO
consolidation	I-DISO
was	O
seen	O
in	O
all	O
patients	O
(	O
6	O
/	O
6	O
)	O
with	O
increasing	O
lung	B-ANAT
weight	O
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
Direct	O
injury	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
on	O
alveolar	B-ANAT
epithelium	I-ANAT
,	O
prominent	O
macrophage	B-ANAT
infiltration	B-DISO
and	O
distinctive	O
fibroblast	B-ANAT
/	O
myofibroblast	B-ANAT
proliferation	B-DISO
may	O
play	O
major	O
roles	O
in	O
the	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
.	O

Of	O
the	O
1	O
,	O
488	O
patients	O
,	O
49	O
suffered	B-DISO
postoperative	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
occurrence	O
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
was	O
negatively	O
related	O
to	O
the	O
interaction	O
of	O
FEV1	O
%,	O
(	O
FEV1	O
/	O
FVC	B-PROC
)%,	O
MVV	O
%	O
and	O
age	O
(	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
001	O
,	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
005	O
,	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
048	O
).	O

Of	O
the	O
49	O
patients	O
suffered	B-DISO
severe	O
preoperative	O
lung	B-PROC
function	I-PROC
damage	O
,	O
32	O
received	O
intensive	O
care	O
right	O
after	O
operation	O
,	O
of	O
whom	O
2	O
(	O
6	O
.	O
2	O
%)	O
had	O
ARDS	B-DISO
;	O
5	O
(	O
29	O
.	O
4	O
%)	O
of	O
the	O
remaining	O
17	O
had	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

Traditional	O
pulmonary	B-PROC
function	I-PROC
test	O
have	O
some	O
correlations	O
to	O
postoperative	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

While	O
the	O
coronaviruses	O
in	O
these	O
species	O
have	O
all	O
been	O
in	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
Group	I-SPEC
3	I-SPEC
,	O
as	O
for	O
the	O
better	O
known	O
coronaviruses	O
of	O
the	O
domestic	O
fowl	O
(	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
[	O
IBV	B-SPEC
],	O
in	O
Gallus	B-SPEC
gallus	I-SPEC
),	O
turkey	B-SPEC
(	O
Meleagris	B-SPEC
gallopavo	I-SPEC
)	O
and	O
pheasant	O
(	O
Phasianus	B-SPEC
colchicus	I-SPEC
),	O
there	O
is	O
experimental	O
evidence	O
to	O
suggest	O
that	O
birds	B-SPEC
are	O
not	O
limited	O
to	O
infection	B-DISO
with	O
Group	O
3	O
coronaviruses	O
.	O

In	O
China	O
coronaviruses	O
have	O
been	O
isolated	O
from	O
peafowl	B-SPEC
(	O
Pavo	B-SPEC
),	O
guinea	B-SPEC
fowl	I-SPEC
(	O
Numida	B-SPEC
meleagris	I-SPEC
;	O
also	O
isolated	O
in	O
Brazil	O
),	O
partridge	O
(	O
Alectoris	B-SPEC
)	O
and	O
also	O
from	O
a	O
non	O
-	O
gallinaceous	O
bird	B-SPEC
,	O
the	O
teal	O
(	O
Anas	B-SPEC
),	O
all	O
of	O
which	O
were	O
being	O
reared	O
in	O
the	O
vicinity	O
of	O
domestic	O
fowl	O
.	O

This	O
study	O
assessed	O
quantitative	O
brain	B-ANAT
and	O
ventricular	B-ANAT
volumes	O
in	O
survivors	O
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
with	O
brain	B-ANAT
computed	O
tomography	O
(	O
CT	O
)	O
scans	O
compared	O
to	O
normal	O
controls	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
monitor	O
severe	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
infection	B-DISO
,	O
a	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
protein	B-CHED
microarray	O
that	O
harbors	O
proteins	B-CHED
from	O
SARS	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
and	O
five	O
additional	O
coronaviruses	O
was	O
constructed	O
.	O

Virus	B-SPEC
entry	O
into	O
cells	B-COMP
was	O
inhibited	O
by	O
acidotropic	O
bases	B-CHED
and	O
by	O
other	O
inhibitors	B-CHED
of	O
pH	O
-	O
dependent	O
endocytosis	B-PATH
.	O

The	O
wild	O
-	O
type	O
S	O
(	O
L	O
)	O
form	O
was	O
processed	O
to	O
the	O
S	O
(	O
H	O
)	O
form	O
,	O
whereas	O
the	O
S	O
(	O
L	O
)	O
form	O
of	O
the	O
913P	O
mutant	B-DISO
was	O
inefficiently	O
converted	O
to	O
the	O
S	O
(	O
H	O
)	O
form	O
after	O
biosynthesis	B-PROC
.	O

None	O
of	O
these	O
mutations	O
affected	O
cell	B-COMP
surface	I-COMP
expression	B-PROC
or	O
binding	B-FUNC
to	O
its	O
cognate	O
ACE2	B-PRGE
receptor	I-PRGE
.	O

The	O
mutation	O
at	O
Ile	B-CHED
-	O
1151	O
did	O
not	O
affect	O
membrane	B-PROC
fusion	I-PROC
or	O
viral	O
entry	O
.	O

To	O
produce	O
recombinant	O
viral	B-COMP
particles	I-COMP
,	O
pBAC	O
-	O
OC43	O
(	O
FL	O
)	O
was	O
transfected	O
into	O
BHK	O
-	O
21	O
cells	B-COMP
.	O

Sweet	B-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
was	O
confirmed	O
by	O
skin	B-ANAT
biopsy	O
.	O

Only	O
three	O
cases	O
of	O
Sweet	B-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
presenting	O
with	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
involvement	I-DISO
before	O
the	O
appearance	O
of	O
skin	B-ANAT
lesions	O
are	O
reported	O
in	O
the	O
literature	O
.	O

Interventional	O
lung	B-ANAT
assist	O
led	O
to	O
an	O
acute	O
and	O
moderate	O
increase	O
in	O
arterial	B-ANAT
oxygenation	B-PROC
(	O
Pao2	B-PRGE
/	O
Fio2	B-PRGE
ratio	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
hrs	I-PRGE
after	O
initiation	O
of	O
iLA	B-PRGE
[	O
median	O
and	O
interquartile	O
range	O
],	O
82	O
mm	O
Hg	O
[	O
64	O
-	O
103	O
])	O
compared	O
with	O
pre	O
-	O
iLA	O
(	O
58	O
mm	O
Hg	O
[	O
47	O
-	O
78	O
],	O
p	O
<	O
.	O
05	O
).	O

Oxygenation	B-PROC
continued	O
to	O
improve	O
for	O
24	O
hrs	B-DISO
after	O
implementation	O
(	O
101	O
mm	O
Hg	O
[	O
74	O
-	O
142	O
],	O
p	O
<	O
.	O
05	O
).	O

Interventional	O
lung	B-ANAT
assist	O
might	O
provide	O
a	O
sufficient	O
rescue	O
measure	O
with	O
easy	O
handling	O
properties	O
and	O
low	O
cost	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
and	O
persistent	O
hypoxia	B-DISO
/	O
hypercapnia	B-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
For	O
developing	O
efficient	O
vaccines	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
essential	O
to	O
identify	O
which	O
amino	O
acid	O
changes	O
are	O
most	O
important	O
to	O
the	O
survival	O
of	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
.	O

Patients	O
>	O
or	O
=	O
18	O
years	O
old	O
who	O
either	O
had	O
not	O
received	O
corticosteroid	B-CHED
or	O
had	O
taken	O
corticosteroids	B-CHED
within	O
14	O
days	O
from	O
symptom	B-DISO
onset	O
were	O
included	O
.	O

Patients	O
receiving	O
corticosteroids	B-CHED
beyond	O
15	O
days	O
or	O
other	O
investigational	O
treatment	O
within	O
21	O
days	O
from	O
symptom	B-DISO
onset	O
were	O
excluded	O
.	O

Of	O
1313	O
eligible	O
patients	O
,	O
1287	O
with	O
major	O
corticosteroid	B-CHED
dosage	O
-	O
type	O
combinations	O
were	O
analysed	O
.	O

Among	O
four	O
corticosteroid	B-CHED
groups	O
studied	O
,	O
mortality	O
was	O
lowest	O
in	O
the	O
low	O
-	O
dose	O
oral	B-ANAT
prednisolone	B-CHED
(	O
Group	O
P	O
)	O
and	O
high	O
-	O
dose	O
methylprednisolone	B-CHED
(	O
Group	O
MP	O
)	O
groups	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Crude	O
death	B-PROC
rate	O
was	O
lower	O
among	O
1188	O
steroid	B-CHED
-	O
treated	O
patients	O
compared	O
to	O
99	O
patients	O
in	O
Group	O
No	O
Steroid	B-CHED
(	O
17	O
.	O
0	O
%	O
vs	O
.	O
28	O
.	O
3	O
%).	O

All	O
patients	O
were	O
monitored	O
by	O
the	O
transpulmonary	O
double	O
-	O
indicator	O
(	O
thermo	O
-	O
dye	B-CHED
dilution	O
)	O
technique	O
using	O
a	O
thermistor	O
and	O
calibrated	O
fiber	B-ANAT
-	O
optic	B-ANAT
system	O
(	O
Pulsiocath	O
4F	O
,	O
PV	O
2024L	O
,	O
Pulsion	O
Medical	O
Systems	O
,	O
Munich	O
,	O
Germany	O
).	O

For	O
each	O
measurement	O
,	O
a	O
dosage	O
of	O
0	O
.	O
3	O
mg	O
/	O
kg	O
ICG	B-COMP
was	O
injected	O
central	O
-	O
venously	O
.	O

Transpulmonary	O
ICG	B-COMP
concentration	O
curves	O
were	O
analyzed	O
automatically	O
using	O
a	O
computer	O
system	O
(	O
COLD	B-DISO
-	O
Z021	O
,	O
Pulsion	O
Medical	O
Systems	O
,	O
Munich	O
,	O
Germany	O
).	O

Linear	O
regression	O
analysis	O
revealed	O
a	O
correlation	O
of	O
r2	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
77	O
between	O
ICG	B-COMP
-	O
PDR	B-DISO
and	O
ICG	B-COMP
blood	B-ANAT
clearance	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
develop	O
a	O
specific	O
SARS	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
-	O
targeted	B-PROC
antibody	B-COMP
preparation	O
for	O
emergent	O
prophylaxis	O
and	O
treatment	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
virus	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
.	O

BALB	O
/	O
c	O
mice	B-SPEC
were	O
immunized	O
with	O
the	O
recombinant	O
N	O
proteins	B-CHED
of	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
,	O
229E	O
and	O
OC43	O
to	O
obtain	O
the	O
mAbs	O
by	O
means	O
of	O
hybridoma	B-ANAT
.	O

Cross	O
-	O
reactivity	O
between	O
the	O
N	O
proteins	B-CHED
of	O
the	O
3	O
coronaviruses	O
was	O
analyzed	O
with	O
the	O
prepared	O
mAbs	O
.	O

The	O
mAbs	O
against	O
the	O
recombinant	O
N	O
proteins	B-CHED
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
,	O
229E	O
and	O
OC43	O
were	O
obtained	O
,	O
which	O
reacted	O
specifically	O
with	O
the	O
corresponding	O
viral	O
N	O
protein	B-CHED
as	O
shown	O
by	O
indirect	O
ELISA	O
,	O
Western	O
blotting	O
and	O
indirect	O
immunofluorescence	O
assay	O
.	O

Between	O
epidemics	O
,	O
VEE	O
disappears	O
for	O
periods	B-PROC
up	O
to	O
decades	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
viral	O
source	O
of	O
outbreaks	O
has	O
remained	O
enigmatic	O
.	O

These	O
results	O
underscore	O
the	O
ability	O
of	O
RNA	O
viruses	B-SPEC
to	O
alter	O
their	O
host	B-COMP
range	O
,	O
virulence	B-PROC
,	O
and	O
epidemic	O
potential	O
via	O
minor	O
genetic	O
changes	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Replication	O
of	O
the	O
giant	B-DISO
RNA	O
genome	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
CoV	O
)	O
and	O
synthesis	B-PROC
of	O
as	O
many	O
as	O
eight	O
subgenomic	O
(	O
sg	O
)	O
mRNAs	O
are	O
mediated	O
by	O
a	O
viral	B-PRGE
replicase	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
transcriptase	I-PRGE
of	O
outstanding	O
complexity	O
that	O
includes	O
an	O
essential	O
endoribonuclease	B-FUNC
activity	I-FUNC
.	O

When	O
part	O
of	O
dsRNA	B-CHED
or	O
in	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
nonlabeled	O
dsRNA	B-CHED
,	O
the	O
5	O
'-	O
labeled	O
RNA	O
substrates	O
were	O
processed	O
to	O
significantly	O
smaller	O
products	O
,	O
indicating	O
that	O
binding	B-FUNC
to	O
dsRNA	B-CHED
in	O
cis	B-DISO
or	O
trans	O
modulates	O
the	O
exonucleolytic	O
activity	O
of	O
nsp14	O
.	O

CRCoV	O
may	O
play	O
an	O
important	O
role	O
in	O
canine	O
infectious	B-DISO
respiratory	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
(	O
CIRD	O
)	O
either	O
by	O
predisposing	O
to	O
further	O
and	O
potentially	O
more	O
serious	O
viral	O
and	O
bacterial	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
or	O
possibly	O
as	O
a	O
primary	O
pathogen	O
.	O

Novel	O
treatments	O
will	O
target	O
both	O
the	O
proinflammatory	O
and	O
procoagulation	O
cascades	O
of	O
sepsis	B-DISO
.	O

Purified	O
soluble	O
S	O
-	O
protein	O
was	O
readily	O
detected	O
by	O
Western	O
blot	O
with	O
anti	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
Myc	I-PRGE
antibody	I-PRGE
and	O
showed	O
the	O
ability	O
to	O
bind	B-FUNC
to	O
surface	O
of	O
Vero	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
,	O
demonstrating	O
that	O
the	O
soluble	B-PRGE
S	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
could	O
remain	O
the	O
biologic	O
activity	O
in	O
the	O
native	O
molecule	O
.	O

Purified	B-PRGE
soluble	I-PRGE
S	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
was	O
readily	O
detected	O
by	O
Western	O
blot	O
with	O
anti	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
Myc	I-PRGE
antibody	I-PRGE
and	O
showed	O
the	O
ability	O
to	O
bind	B-FUNC
to	O
surface	O
of	O
Vero	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
,	O
demonstrating	O
that	O
the	O
soluble	B-PRGE
S	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
could	O
remain	O
the	O
biologic	O
activity	O
in	O
the	O
native	O
molecule	O
.	O

The	O
high	O
risk	O
of	O
infection	B-DISO
and	O
death	B-PROC
associated	O
with	O
caring	O
for	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
had	O
a	O
great	O
impact	O
on	O
nurse	O
retention	B-PROC
in	O
hospitals	O
.	O

Three	O
hundred	O
and	O
thirty	O
nurses	O
working	O
at	O
a	O
Taiwan	O
hospital	O
during	O
the	O
time	O
of	O
the	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
outbreak	O
completed	O
the	O
Meyer	O
,	O
Allen	O
&	O
Smith	O
Organizational	O
and	O
Occupational	O
Commitment	O
Scales	B-ANAT
,	O
Intention	O
to	O
Leave	O
and	O
Perceived	O
Stress	O
of	O
Infection	B-DISO
Scales	B-ANAT
between	O
July	O
and	O
August	O
2003	O
.	O

The	O
possible	O
role	O
of	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
3C	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
like	I-PRGE
protease	I-PRGE
(	O
3CLpro	O
)	O
in	O
virus	B-SPEC
-	O
induced	O
apoptosis	B-PATH
is	O
characterized	O
in	O
this	O
study	O
.	O

This	O
finding	O
is	O
likely	O
to	O
be	O
responsible	O
for	O
virus	O
-	O
induced	O
apoptotic	O
signalling	B-PROC
.	O

Four	O
of	O
52	O
patients	O
who	O
had	O
multiple	O
BAL	B-ENZY
samples	O
submitted	O
on	O
the	O
same	O
day	O
had	O
negative	O
and	O
positive	O
results	O
by	O
NAT	B-ENZY
on	O
different	O
samples	O
.	O

NAT	B-ENZY
improves	O
detection	O
of	O
potential	O
pathogens	O
from	O
ETT	O
and	O
BAL	B-ENZY
samples	O
.	O

The	O
number	O
of	O
cats	B-SPEC
per	O
household	O
at	O
the	O
time	O
of	O
blood	B-ANAT
collection	O
had	O
a	O
strong	O
positive	O
association	O
with	O
Immunocomb	O
score	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Ventilation	O
in	O
the	O
prone	O
position	O
for	O
about	O
7	O
h	O
/	O
d	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
),	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
,	O
or	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
does	O
not	O
decrease	O
mortality	O
.	O

Guidelines	O
were	O
established	O
for	O
ventilator	O
settings	O
and	O
weaning	B-PROC
.	O

2	O
.	O
9	O
;	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
01	O
)	O
and	O
a	O
lower	O
ratio	O
of	O
GRalpha	O
:	O
NF	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
kappaB	I-PRGE
in	O
nuclear	O
staining	O
(	O
0	O
.	O
5	O
+/-	O
0	O
.	O
2	O
vs	O
.	O
1	O
.	O
5	O
+/-	O

If	O
24	O
hrs	B-DISO
after	O
meeting	O
ARDS	B-DISO
criteria	O
,	O
the	O
Pao2	B-PRGE
/	O
Fio2	O
remained	O
<	O
or	O
=	O
200	O
mm	O
Hg	O
on	O
standard	O
ventilator	O
settings	O
,	O
patients	O
were	O
randomized	O
into	O
two	O
groups	O
:	O
control	O
and	O
Pflex	O
/	O
LTV	O
.	O

A	O
review	O
of	O
articles	O
reporting	O
on	O
the	O
diagnosis	O
and	O
management	O
of	O
acute	B-DISO
pancreatitis	I-DISO
.	O

The	O
destruction	O
of	O
pancreatic	B-ANAT
parenchyma	I-ANAT
induces	O
a	O
systemic	O
activation	B-PROC
of	I-PROC
coagulation	I-PROC
,	O
kinin	B-PRGE
,	O
complement	O
and	O
fibrinolytic	O
cascades	O
with	O
liberation	O
of	O
cytokines	O
and	O
reactive	O
oxygen	B-CHED
metabolites	B-CHED
which	O
,	O
if	O
severe	O
and	O
overwhelming	O
,	O
can	O
lead	O
to	O
shock	O
,	O
acute	B-DISO
renal	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
and	O
the	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

In	O
85	O
-	O
90	O
%	O
of	O
patients	O
,	O
acute	B-DISO
pancreatitis	I-DISO
is	O
self	O
-	O
limiting	O
and	O
subsides	O
spontaneously	O
within	O
4	O
-	O
7	O
days	O
.	O

Respiratory	B-DISO
complications	I-DISO
of	O
chronic	B-DISO
renal	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
include	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
edema	I-DISO
,	O
fibrinous	B-DISO
pleuritis	I-DISO
,	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
calcification	B-PROC
,	O
and	O
a	O
predisposition	O
to	O
tuberculosis	B-PATH
.	O

Sleep	B-DISO
disturbances	I-DISO
are	O
extremely	O
common	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
end	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
stage	I-DISO
renal	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
,	O
with	O
sleep	B-DISO
apnea	I-DISO
occurring	O
in	O
60	O
%	O
or	O
more	O
of	O
such	O
patients	O
.	O

The	O
mass	O
migration	B-PROC
during	O
the	O
Hajj	O
is	O
unparalleled	O
in	O
scale	O
,	O
and	O
pilgrims	O
face	B-DISO
numerous	O
health	O
hazards	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
The	O
comparative	O
pathology	B-DISO
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
and	O
avian	B-DISO
influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
subtype	O
H5N1	O
--	O
a	O
review	O
.	O

Severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
associated	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
disseminates	O
to	O
blood	B-ANAT
,	O
urine	B-ANAT
,	O
feces	B-ANAT
,	O
gastrointestinal	B-ANAT
tract	I-ANAT
,	O
and	O
liver	B-ANAT
.	O

M	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
bovis	I-SPEC
pneumonia	B-DISO
and	O
polyarthritis	B-DISO
has	O
emerged	O
as	O
an	O
important	O
cause	O
of	O
mortality	O
in	O
Ontario	O
beef	O
feedlots	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Avian	B-SPEC
influenza	I-DISO
(	O
H5N1	B-DISO
):	O
implications	O
for	O
intensive	O
care	O
.	O

Review	O
of	O
the	O
cases	O
of	O
influenza	B-DISO
A	I-DISO
/	I-DISO
H5N1	I-DISO
reported	O
to	O
date	O
demonstrates	O
that	O
it	O
causes	O
a	O
severe	O
illness	O
,	O
with	O
a	O
high	O
proportion	O
of	O
patients	O
(	O
63	O
%)	O
requiring	O
advanced	O
organ	B-ANAT
support	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Clinical	O
features	O
and	O
correlates	O
of	O
gemcitabine	B-CHED
-	O
associated	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
:	O
findings	O
from	O
the	O
RADAR	B-PRGE
project	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Gemcitabine	B-CHED
is	O
a	O
commonly	O
used	O
chemotherapeutic	O
agent	O
structurally	O
and	O
pharmacologically	O
similar	O
to	O
cytarabine	B-CHED
.	O

Clinical	O
data	O
were	O
obtained	O
by	O
reviewing	O
adverse	O
event	O
case	O
reports	O
for	O
gemcitabine	B-CHED
-	O
associated	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
as	O
reported	O
in	O
the	O
medical	O
literature	O
and	O
in	O
the	O
FDA	O
AERS	O
database	O
.	O

The	O
taxanes	O
,	O
docetaxel	B-CHED
and	O
paclitaxel	B-CHED
,	O
were	O
frequently	O
reported	O
as	O
coadministered	O
therapies	O
.	O

The	O
neurologic	B-DISO
signs	I-DISO
of	O
limb	B-DISO
numbness	I-DISO
and	O
water	B-CHED
phobia	B-DISO
occurred	O
from	O
61	O
days	O
after	O
the	O
dog	B-SPEC
bite	B-PROC
;	O
the	O
clinical	O
course	O
was	O
progressive	O
,	O
with	O
the	O
most	O
severe	O
clinical	O
manifestations	O
being	O
fever	B-PROC
,	O
encephalitis	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

Immunohistochemistry	O
stain	O
and	O
reverse	B-PROC
transcription	I-PROC
-	O
polymerase	O
chain	O
reaction	O
for	O
rabies	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
failed	O
to	O
demonstrate	O
the	O
organism	O
in	O
the	O
lung	B-ANAT
tissue	I-ANAT
.	O

To	O
support	O
the	O
clinical	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
each	O
of	O
these	O
vaccine	O
candidates	O
,	O
preclinical	O
studies	O
were	O
performed	O
to	O
screen	O
for	O
potential	O
toxicities	O
(	O
intrinsic	O
and	O
immunotoxicities	O
).	O

These	O
data	O
build	O
on	O
the	O
biodistribution	O
studies	O
performed	O
(	O
see	O
companion	O
article	O
,	O
Sheets	O
et	O
al	O
.,	O
2006	O
)	O
to	O
demonstrate	O
the	O
safety	O
and	O
suitability	O
for	O
investigational	O
human	B-SPEC
use	O
of	O
DNA	O
plasmid	O
vaccine	O
candidates	O
for	O
a	O
variety	O
of	O
infectious	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
prevention	O
indications	O
.	O

In	O
the	O
course	O
of	O
these	O
studies	O
,	O
it	O
has	O
been	O
observed	O
that	O
regardless	O
of	O
the	O
gene	O
insert	O
(	O
expressing	O
the	O
vaccine	O
immunogen	B-CHED
or	O
cytokine	O
adjuvant	B-CHED
)	O
and	O
regardless	O
of	O
the	O
promoter	O
used	O
to	O
drive	O
expression	B-PROC
of	O
the	O
gene	O
insert	O
in	O
the	O
plasmid	O
backbone	B-ANAT
,	O
the	O
plasmid	O
vaccines	O
do	O
not	O
biodistribute	O
widely	O
and	O
remain	O
essentially	O
in	O
the	O
site	O
of	O
injection	O
,	O
in	O
the	O
muscle	O
and	O
overlying	O
subcutis	B-ANAT
.	O

This	O
pattern	O
of	O
biodistribution	O
(	O
confined	O
to	O
the	O
injection	O
site	O
)	O
and	O
clearance	O
(	O
within	O
2	O
months	O
)	O
is	O
consistent	O
regardless	O
of	O
differences	O
in	O
the	O
promoter	O
in	O
the	O
plasmid	O
backbone	B-ANAT
or	O
differences	O
in	O
the	O
gene	O
insert	O
being	O
expressed	B-PROC
by	O
the	O
plasmid	O
vaccine	O
.	O

Besides	O
WN	O
virus	B-SPEC
,	O
the	O
compound	O
also	O
inhibited	O
other	O
flaviviruses	B-SPEC
(	O
dengue	B-DISO
,	O
yellow	B-DISO
fever	I-DISO
,	O
and	O
St	B-DISO
.	I-DISO
Louis	I-DISO
encephalitis	I-DISO
viruses	B-SPEC
),	O
an	O
alphavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
Western	B-SPEC
equine	I-SPEC
encephalitis	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
),	O
a	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
mouse	B-DISO
hepatitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
),	O
and	O
a	O
rhabdovirus	B-SPEC
(	O
vesicular	B-SPEC
stomatitis	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Expanding	O
ICU	O
facilities	O
in	O
an	O
epidemic	O
:	O
recommendations	O
based	O
on	O
experience	O
from	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
epidemic	O
in	O
Hong	O
Kong	O
and	O
Singapore	O
.	O

One	O
of	O
the	O
principal	O
factors	O
that	O
control	O
the	O
outcome	O
of	O
infection	B-DISO
is	O
the	O
localized	O
tissue	B-ANAT
response	O
and	O
subsequent	O
immune	B-PROC
response	I-PROC
directed	O
against	O
the	O
invading	O
toxic	O
agent	O
.	O

Indeed	O
,	O
studies	O
with	O
a	O
neurotropic	O
murine	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
,	O
mouse	B-DISO
hepatitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
MHV	B-SPEC
),	O
have	O
provided	O
important	O
insight	O
into	O
the	O
functional	O
roles	O
of	O
chemokines	O
and	O
chemokine	O
receptors	O
in	O
participating	O
in	O
various	O
aspects	O
of	O
host	O
defense	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
disease	O
development	B-PROC
within	O
the	O
CNS	B-CHED
.	O

These	O
are	O
processed	O
primarily	O
by	O
the	O
chymotrypsin	B-ENZY
-	O
like	O
main	O
proteinases	O
(	O
M	O
(	O
pro	B-CHED
)	O
s	O
).	O

Heterologous	O
expression	B-PROC
of	O
this	O
domain	O
resulted	O
in	O
autoprocessing	O
at	O
flanking	O
cleavage	B-PROC
sites	O
.	O

N	O
-	O
terminal	O
sequence	O
analysis	O
of	O
cleavage	B-PROC
products	O
tentatively	O
identified	O
FxxQ	O
downward	O
arrow	O
(	O
S	O
,	O
A	O
)	O
as	O
the	O
substrate	O
consensus	O
sequence	O
.	O

A	O
review	O
of	O
articles	O
reported	O
from	O
1980	O
to	O
2002	O
and	O
identified	O
through	O
a	O
MEDLINE	O
search	O
on	O
metabolic	B-DISO
encephalopathy	I-DISO
,	O
polyneuropathy	B-DISO
and	O
myopathy	B-DISO
in	O
critical	B-DISO
illness	I-DISO
.	O

Apart	O
from	O
treatment	O
of	O
the	O
underlying	O
cause	O
(	O
e	O
.	O
g	O
sepsis	B-DISO
),	O
there	O
is	O
no	O
specific	O
treatment	O
,	O
although	O
a	O
44	O
%	O
reduction	O
in	O
the	O
incidence	O
of	O
critical	B-DISO
illness	I-DISO
polyneuropathy	I-DISO
has	O
been	O
described	O
in	O
mechanically	O
ventilated	O
critically	B-DISO
ill	I-DISO
patients	O
who	O
received	O
intensive	O
insulin	B-PRGE
therapy	O
to	O
maintain	O
the	O
blood	B-ANAT
glucose	B-CHED
level	O
between	O
4	O
.	O
4	O
-	O
6	O
.	O
1	O
mmol	O
/	O
L	O
.	O
Recovery	O
usually	O
occurs	O
over	O
weeks	O
to	O
months	O
depending	O
on	O
the	O
severity	O
of	O
the	O
disease	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Sialic	B-CHED
acids	I-CHED
as	O
receptor	O
determinants	O
for	O
coronaviruses	O
.	O

In	O
fact	O
,	O
many	O
different	O
viruses	B-SPEC
use	O
members	O
of	O
the	O
sialic	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
family	B-SPEC
either	O
as	O
their	O
main	O
receptor	O
or	O
as	O
an	O
initial	O
attachment	O
factor	O
.	O

The	O
latter	O
,	O
originally	O
discovered	O
in	O
influenza	B-SPEC
C	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
,	O
are	O
also	O
found	O
in	O
certain	O
nidoviruses	B-SPEC
,	O
namely	O
in	O
group	O
2	O
coronaviruses	O
and	O
in	O
toroviruses	B-SPEC
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
in	O
infectious	B-SPEC
salmon	I-SPEC
anemia	B-DISO
virus	I-SPEC
,	O
an	O
orthomyxovirus	B-SPEC
of	O
teleosts	O
.	O

Until	O
now	O
,	O
the	O
distribution	O
of	O
these	O
sialic	B-CHED
acids	I-CHED
in	O
mouse	B-ANAT
brain	I-ANAT
was	O
not	O
thoroughly	O
investigated	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
The	O
war	O
on	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
:	O

This	O
article	O
outlines	O
the	O
USFK	O
campaign	O
plan	B-DISO
for	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
epidemic	O
and	O
documents	O
lessons	O
learned	B-PROC
for	O
future	O
outbreaks	O
of	O
highly	O
infectious	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
.	O

The	O
RAS	B-CHED
has	O
been	O
implicated	O
in	O
the	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
of	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
hypertension	I-DISO
and	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
fibrosis	I-DISO
,	O
both	O
commonly	O
seen	O
in	O
chronic	O
lung	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
such	O
as	O
chronic	B-DISO
obstructive	I-DISO
lung	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
.	O

Thus	O
,	O
the	O
RAS	B-CHED
appears	O
to	O
play	O
a	O
critical	O
role	O
in	O
the	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
of	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Expression	B-PROC
,	O
purification	O
and	O
crystallization	O
of	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
macro	O
domain	O
.	O

Both	O
native	O
and	O
selenomethionine	O
-	O
labelled	O
crystals	B-ANAT
diffract	O
to	O
1	O
.	O
8	O
angstroms	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Molecular	O
analysis	O
of	O
Brazilian	O
strains	O
of	O
bovine	B-SPEC
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
BCoV	O
)	O
reveals	O
a	O
deletion	O
within	O
the	O
hypervariable	O
region	O
of	O
the	O
S1	O
subunit	O
of	O
the	O
spike	O
glycoprotein	O
also	O
found	O
in	O
human	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
OC43	O
.	O

No	O
such	O
expansion	O
of	O
their	O
alpha	O
beta	O
T	B-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
pools	O
was	O
detected	O
.	O

These	O
findings	O
are	O
compatible	O
with	O
the	O
possibility	O
that	O
V	B-PRGE
gamma	I-PRGE
9V	I-PRGE
delta	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
T	I-PRGE
cells	O
play	O
a	O
protective	O
role	O
during	O
SARS	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Antigenic	O
and	O
molecular	O
characterization	O
of	O
isolates	O
of	O
the	O
Italy	O
02	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
genotype	O
.	O

Given	O
that	O
little	O
was	O
known	O
about	O
this	O
new	O
emergent	O
IBV	B-SPEC
strain	O
we	O
have	O
characterized	O
the	O
four	O
isolates	O
by	O
sequencing	O
the	O
entire	O
S1	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
spike	O
protein	B-CHED
gene	O
and	O
have	O
compared	O
them	O
with	O
many	O
reference	O
IBV	B-SPEC
serotypes	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Isolation	O
of	O
a	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
from	O
a	O
green	O
-	O
cheeked	O
Amazon	B-SPEC
parrot	I-SPEC
(	O
Amazon	B-SPEC
viridigenalis	O
Cassin	O
).	O

The	O
partial	O
sequences	O
analysed	O
spanned	O
the	O
hypervariable	O
amino	O
terminus	O
region	O
of	O
S1	O
from	O
amino	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
residues	O
48	O
to	O
219	O
,	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
Beaudette	O
strain	O
.	O

The	O
antibody	B-COMP
-	O
bound	O
RBD	O
structure	O
is	O
completely	O
defined	O
,	O
revealing	O
two	O
previously	O
unresolved	O
segments	O
(	O
residues	O
376	O
-	O
381	O
and	O
503	O
-	O
512	O
)	O
and	O
a	O
new	O
disulfide	B-CHED
bond	O
(	O
between	O
residues	O
378	O
and	O
511	O
).	O

Interestingly	O
,	O
the	O
overall	O
structure	O
of	O
the	O
m396	O
-	O
bound	O
RBD	O
is	O
not	O
significantly	O
different	O
from	O
that	O
of	O
the	O
ACE2	B-PRGE
-	O
bound	O
RBD	O
.	O

The	O
available	O
structural	O
information	O
indicates	O
that	O
the	O
SCV	B-SPEC
entry	O
may	O
not	O
be	O
mediated	O
by	O
ACE2	B-PRGE
-	O
induced	O
conformational	O
changes	O
in	O
the	O
RBD	O
but	O
may	O
involve	O
other	O
conformational	O
changes	O
or	O
/	O
and	O
yet	O
to	O
be	O
identified	O
coreceptors	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Acute	O
pulmonary	O
embolism	O
increases	O
pulmonary	B-PROC
vascular	B-ANAT
resistance	I-PROC
and	O
may	O
lead	O
to	O
acute	B-DISO
right	I-DISO
ventricular	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
and	O
cardiocirculatory	O
collapse	B-DISO
and	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
,	O
possibly	O
resulting	O
in	O
substantial	O
morbidity	O
and	O
mortality	O
.	O

This	O
case	O
series	O
describes	O
our	O
experience	O
with	O
inhaled	B-PROC
NO	O
administered	O
to	O
four	O
patients	O
suffering	B-DISO
from	O
acute	B-DISO
massive	I-DISO
pulmonary	I-DISO
embolism	I-DISO
following	O
abdominal	B-ANAT
surgery	O
.	O

The	O
four	O
described	O
patients	O
recovering	O
from	O
small	B-ANAT
bowel	I-ANAT
resection	O
,	O
pancreatoduodenectomy	O
,	O
hemipelvectomy	O
,	O
or	O
recent	O
gastrointestinal	B-DISO
bleeding	I-DISO
had	O
severe	O
respiratory	O
and	O
hemodynamic	B-PROC
deterioration	O
due	O
to	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
embolism	I-DISO
.	O

Her	O
anosmia	B-DISO
persisted	O
for	O
more	O
than	O
2	O
years	O
during	O
following	O
up	O
.	O

Olfactory	B-PROC
neuropathy	B-DISO
,	O
which	O
rarely	O
occurred	O
in	O
typical	O
peripheral	B-DISO
neuropathy	I-DISO
,	O
could	O
be	O
a	O
special	O
type	O
of	O
neuropathy	B-DISO
induced	O
by	O
corona	B-DISO
virus	B-PROC
infection	I-PROC
in	O
SARS	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
pathophysiology	O
and	O
therapeutic	O
strategy	O
of	O
this	O
special	O
type	O
of	O
permanent	O
olfactory	B-PROC
dysfunction	O
deserve	O
further	O
investigation	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Microenvironment	O
of	O
positive	O
pressure	O
powered	O
air	B-CHED
purifying	O
medical	O
protective	O
equipment	O
].	O

The	O
medical	O
protective	O
equipment	O
can	O
protect	O
the	O
doctor	O
and	O
nurse	O
in	O
SARS	B-DISO
contaminated	O
areas	O
effectively	O
and	O
improve	O
their	O
work	O
conditions	O
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
The	O
medical	O
protective	O
equipment	O
can	O
protect	O
the	O
doctor	O
and	O
nurse	O
in	O
SARS	B-DISO
contaminated	O
areas	O
effectively	O
and	O
improve	O
their	O
work	O
conditions	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
3C	O
-	O
like	O
protease	O
(	O
3CL	O
(	O
pro	B-CHED
))	O
mediates	O
extensive	O
proteolytic	B-PROC
processing	I-PROC
of	O
replicase	B-PRGE
polyproteins	I-PRGE
,	O
and	O
is	O
considered	O
a	O
promising	O
target	O
for	O
anti	O
-	O
SARS	B-DISO
drug	O
development	B-PROC
.	O

Susceptibility	O
of	O
each	O
peptide	B-CHED
substrate	O
to	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
3CL	I-PRGE
(	O
pro	B-PRGE
)	O
cleavage	B-PROC
was	O
monitored	O
simultaneously	O
by	O
matrix	O
-	O
assisted	O
laser	O
desorption	O
/	O
ionization	O
time	O
-	O
of	O
-	O
flight	B-PROC
mass	O
spectrometry	O
(	O
MALDI	O
-	O
TOF	B-DISO
MS	O
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Analysis	O
of	O
human	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
229E	I-SPEC
spike	O
and	O
nucleoprotein	O
genes	O
demonstrates	O
genetic	B-PROC
drift	I-PROC
between	O
chronologically	O
distinct	O
strains	O
.	O

In	O
comparison	O
with	O
Influenza	B-SPEC
A	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
and	O
Sendai	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
,	O
IBV	B-SPEC
was	O
most	O
sensitive	O
to	O
pre	O
-	O
treatment	O
of	O
cells	B-COMP
with	O
neuraminidase	B-PRGE
.	O

Overall	O
,	O
inoculation	O
by	O
a	O
mucosal	B-ANAT
route	O
produced	O
more	O
prominent	O
disease	O
than	O
did	O
intravenous	O
inoculation	O
.	O

The	O
experiments	O
were	O
performed	O
on	O
seven	O
pigs	B-SPEC
(	O
48	O
-	O
60	O
kg	O
body	B-ANAT
weight	O
).	O

The	O
pigs	B-SPEC
were	O
anesthetized	O
and	O
mechanically	O
ventilated	O
.	O

O2	O
delivery	O
through	O
ILA	O
increased	O
with	O
extracorporeal	O
shunt	O
flow	O
(	O
36	O
(+/-	O
14	O
)	O
ml	O
O2	O
/	O
min	O
versus	O
47	O
(+/-	O
17	O
)	O
ml	O
O2	O
/	O
min	O
)	O
and	O
reduced	O
arterialization	B-PROC
of	O
the	O
inlet	O
blood	B-ANAT
.	O

Sheep	B-SPEC
were	O
allocated	O
to	O
a	O
)	O
sham	O
group	O
,	O
b	O
)	O
saline	O
continuous	O
nebulization	O
group	O
,	O
c	O
)	O
20	O
mg	O
of	O
albuterol	B-CHED
continuous	O
nebulization	O
group	O
,	O
or	O
d	O
)	O
40	O
mg	O
of	O
albuterol	B-CHED
continuous	O
nebulization	O
group	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
5	O
animals	B-SPEC
per	O
group	O
).	O

Pulmonary	B-ANAT
and	O
cardiac	B-PROC
function	I-PROC
,	O
lung	B-ANAT
lymph	B-PROC
flow	I-PROC
,	O
bronchial	B-ANAT
obstruction	B-DISO
score	O
,	O
and	O
wet	O
/	O
dry	O
lung	B-ANAT
weights	O
were	O
recorded	O
.	O

The	O
wet	O
-	O
to	O
-	O
dry	O
lung	B-ANAT
weight	O
ratio	O
and	O
bronchial	B-ANAT
obstruction	B-DISO
scores	O
were	O
lower	O
for	O
sheep	B-SPEC
receiving	O
albuterol	B-CHED
.	O

Comorbidities	O
of	O
diabetes	B-DISO
and	O
heart	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
were	O
more	O
common	O
in	O
patients	O
who	O
developed	O
ARF	B-DISO
(	O
38	O
%	O
vs	O
6	O
%,	O
p	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
01	O
and	O
38	O
%	O
vs	O
2	O
%,	O
p	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
001	O
,	O
respectively	O
)	O
and	O
the	O
incidence	O
of	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
(	O
85	O
%	O
vs	O
26	O
%,	O
p	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
001	O
)	O
and	O
mortality	O
(	O
77	O
%	O
vs	O
8	O
%,	O
p	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
001	O
)	O
were	O
also	O
higher	O
.	O

Development	B-PROC
of	O
ARF	B-DISO
during	O
the	O
disease	O
course	O
in	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
is	O
associated	O
with	O
catastrophic	O
outcome	O
.	O

The	O
cause	O
of	O
ARF	B-DISO
in	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
is	O
often	O
associated	O
with	O
pre	O
-	O
renal	B-ANAT
factors	O
,	O
hypotension	O
,	O
rhabdomyolysis	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
previous	O
comorbidities	O
including	O
diabetes	B-DISO
and	O
old	O
age	O
.	O

Universal	O
precautions	O
to	O
prevent	O
viral	B-PROC
transmission	I-PROC
are	O
mandatory	O
for	O
medical	O
staff	O
performing	O
renal	B-ANAT
replacement	O
therapy	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Proteases	O
fulfill	O
multiple	O
roles	O
in	O
health	O
and	O
disease	O
,	O
and	O
considerable	O
interest	O
has	O
been	O
expressed	O
in	O
the	O
design	O
and	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
synthetic	O
inhibitors	B-CHED
of	O
disease	O
-	O
related	O
proteases	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Helicases	B-PRGE
are	O
promising	O
antiviral	B-CHED
drug	I-CHED
targets	O
because	O
their	O
enzymatic	O
activities	O
are	O
essential	O
for	O
viral	B-PROC
genome	I-PROC
replication	I-PROC
,	O
transcription	B-PROC
,	O
and	O
translation	B-PROC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Characterization	O
and	O
inhibition	B-PROC
of	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
coronavirus	B-SPEC
main	I-PRGE
protease	I-PRGE
.	O

Thus	O
,	O
alpha	O
,	O
beta	O
-	O
unsaturated	O
peptidomimetics	B-CHED
,	O
anilides	O
,	O
metal	B-CHED
-	O
conjugated	O
compounds	O
,	O
boronic	B-CHED
acids	I-CHED
,	O
quinolinecarboxylate	O
derivatives	O
,	O
thiophenecarboxylates	O
,	O
phthalhydrazide	O
-	O
substituted	O
ketoglutamine	O
analogues	O
,	O
isatin	B-CHED
and	O
natural	B-CHED
products	I-CHED
have	O
been	O
identified	O
as	O
potent	O
inhibitors	B-CHED
of	O
the	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
main	I-PRGE
protease	I-PRGE
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Identification	O
of	O
functionally	O
important	O
negatively	O
charged	O
residues	O
in	O
the	O
carboxy	B-CHED
end	O
of	O
mouse	B-SPEC
hepatitis	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
A59	I-PRGE
nucleocapsid	B-COMP
protein	B-CHED
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
nucleocapsid	B-COMP
(	O
N	O
)	O
protein	B-CHED
is	O
a	O
multifunctional	O
viral	O
gene	O
product	O
that	O
encapsidates	O
the	O
RNA	O
genome	O
and	O
also	O
plays	O
some	O
as	O
yet	O
not	O
fully	O
defined	O
role	O
in	O
viral	O
RNA	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
and	O
/	O
or	O
transcription	B-PROC
.	O

A	O
number	O
of	O
conserved	O
negatively	O
charged	O
amino	B-CHED
acids	I-CHED
are	O
located	O
within	O
domain	O
III	O
in	O
the	O
carboxy	B-CHED
end	O
of	O
all	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
N	O
proteins	B-CHED
.	O

Previous	O
studies	O
suggested	O
that	O
the	O
negatively	O
charged	O
residues	O
are	O
involved	O
in	O
virus	B-PROC
assembly	I-PROC
by	O
mediating	O
interaction	O
between	O
the	O
membrane	B-COMP
(	O
M	O
)	O
protein	B-CHED
carboxy	B-CHED
tail	O
and	O
nucleocapsids	O
.	O

When	O
either	O
amino	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
was	O
replaced	O
by	O
a	O
positively	O
charged	O
residue	O
or	O
both	O
were	O
changed	O
to	O
alanine	B-CHED
,	O
viruses	B-SPEC
were	O
recovered	O
that	O
contained	O
second	O
-	O
site	O
changes	O
within	O
N	O
,	O
but	O
not	O
in	O
the	O
M	B-PRGE
or	I-PRGE
envelope	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
is	O
characterized	O
by	O
arterial	B-ANAT
hypoxemia	O
,	O
and	O
prone	O
position	O
(	O
PP	O
)	O
is	O
one	O
possible	O
management	O
strategy	O
.	O

The	O
objective	O
here	O
was	O
to	O
evaluate	O
the	O
effects	O
of	O
PP	O
on	O
oxygenation	B-PROC
.	O

The	O
paired	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
t	I-PRGE
and	O
Dunnett	O
tests	O
were	O
used	O
.	O

A	O
notable	O
clinical	O
improvement	O
in	O
oxygenation	B-PROC
(>	O
15	O
%)	O
was	O
detected	O
in	O
78	O
.	O
0	O
%	O
of	O
patients	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Drug	O
-,	O
toxin	O
-,	O
and	O
radiation	O
therapy	O
-	O
induced	O
eosinophilic	B-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
.	O

Antibiotics	B-CHED
and	O
NSAID	B-CHED
,	O
are	O
the	O
most	O
commonly	O
reported	O
drugs	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Prevalence	O
of	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
hypertension	I-DISO
associated	O
with	O
severe	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
:	O
predictive	O
value	O
of	O
computed	O
tomography	O
.	O

95	O
patients	O
(	O
92	O
.	O
2	O
%)	O
with	O
ARDS	B-DISO
had	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
artery	I-DISO
hypertension	I-DISO
,	O
16	O
of	O
them	O
(	O
16	O
.	O
8	O
%)	O
mild	O
,	O
72	O
(	O
75	O
.	O
8	O
%)	O
moderate	O
,	O
and	O
7	O
(	O
7	O
.	O
4	O
%)	O
severe	O
,	O
as	O
assessed	O
by	O
right	B-ANAT
heart	I-ANAT
catheterization	O
.	O

The	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
pulmonary	O
hypertension	O
by	O
PAT	B-DISO
diameter	O
measurements	O
was	O
incorrect	O
in	O
43	O
.	O
7	O
%	O
of	O
patients	O
with	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

Peptides	B-CHED
analogous	O
to	O
regions	O
of	O
the	O
N	O
-	O
terminus	O
or	O
the	O
pre	O
-	O
transmembrane	O
domain	O
of	O
the	O
S2	O
subunit	O
inhibited	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
plaque	B-DISO
formation	B-PROC
by	O
40	O
-	O
70	O
%	O
at	O
concentrations	O
of	O
15	O
-	O
30	O
microM	O
.	O
Interestingly	O
,	O
peptides	B-CHED
analogous	O
to	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
or	O
MHV	B-SPEC
loop	O
region	O
inhibited	O
viral	O
plaque	B-DISO
formation	B-PROC
by	O
>	O
80	O
%	O
at	O
similar	O
concentrations	O
.	O

The	O
antiviral	B-CHED
activity	O
of	O
the	O
CoV	O
peptides	B-CHED
tested	O
provides	O
an	O
attractive	O
basis	O
for	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
new	O
fusion	O
peptide	B-CHED
inhibitors	B-CHED
corresponding	O
to	O
regions	O
outside	O
the	O
fusion	O
protein	B-CHED
heptad	O
repeat	O
regions	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
An	O
enhanced	O
real	O
-	O
time	O
polymerase	O
chain	O
reaction	O
(	O
ERT	O
-	O
PCR	O
)	O
assay	O
to	O
detect	O
the	O
coronavirus	O
associated	O
with	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
Cov	O
)	O
has	O
been	O
designed	O
for	O
detection	O
of	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
Cov	I-PRGE
with	O
high	O
sensitivity	O
and	O
easy	O
-	O
to	O
-	O
interpret	O
results	O
,	O
in	O
which	O
a	O
target	O
gene	O
pre	O
-	O
amplification	B-DISO
step	O
preceded	O
TaqMan	O
real	O
-	O
time	O
fluorescent	O
PCR	O
.	O

A	O
minority	O
of	O
cats	B-SPEC
,	O
however	O
,	O
develop	O
feline	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
peritonitis	I-DISO
(	O
FIP	B-DISO
),	O
a	O
fatal	O
systemic	B-DISO
granulomatous	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
.	O

The	O
obvious	O
functional	O
differences	O
of	O
lymphatic	B-ANAT
tissues	I-ANAT
in	O
FCoV	O
-	O
infected	O
cats	B-SPEC
with	O
and	O
without	O
FIP	B-DISO
suggest	O
that	O
they	O
contribute	O
to	O
the	O
outcome	O
of	O
FCoV	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

Findings	O
indicate	O
that	O
FCoV	O
-	O
infected	O
cats	B-SPEC
which	O
do	O
not	O
develop	O
FIP	B-DISO
are	O
able	O
to	O
mount	O
an	O
effective	O
FCoV	O
-	O
specific	B-PROC
immune	I-PROC
response	I-PROC
and	O
can	O
avoid	O
excessive	O
macrophage	B-PROC
activation	I-PROC
and	O
FIP	B-DISO
,	O
possibly	O
by	O
upregulation	B-PROC
of	O
IL	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
10	I-PROC
production	I-PROC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Enhancement	O
of	O
the	O
infectivity	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
in	O
BALB	O
/	O
c	O
mice	B-SPEC
by	O
IMP	B-PRGE
dehydrogenase	I-PRGE
inhibitors	B-CHED
,	O
including	O
ribavirin	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
investigate	O
the	O
significance	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
associated	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
)-	O
X4	O
protein	B-PROC
expression	B-PROC
in	O
lungs	B-ANAT
of	O
patients	O
with	O
SARS	B-DISO
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Microscopically	O
,	O
all	O
lungs	B-ANAT
from	O
4	O
cases	O
showed	O
edema	B-DISO
,	O
erythrocyte	B-ANAT
and	O
fibrin	O
exudates	B-ANAT
in	O
the	O
alveoli	B-ANAT
,	O
hyperplasia	B-DISO
of	O
alveolar	B-ANAT
epithelium	I-ANAT
,	O
necrosis	B-PROC
,	O
hyaline	B-DISO
membrane	B-COMP
formation	B-PROC
and	O
fibroblast	B-ANAT
foci	O
.	O

S2	O
gene	O
of	O
GD322	O
SARS	O
-	O
CoV	O
is	O
relatively	O
stable	O
during	O
the	O
epidemic	O
spread	O
of	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
,	O
and	O
mutation	O
at	O
the	O
57th	O
amino	B-CHED
acids	I-CHED
of	O
S2	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
may	O
affect	O
the	O
T	B-PRGE
cell	I-PRGE
antigen	B-CHED
epitope	B-CHED
.	O

T	B-PRGE
cell	I-PRGE
antigen	B-CHED
epitopes	I-PRGE
of	O
S2	O
protein	B-CHED
were	O
predicted	O
on	O
the	O
basis	O
of	O
Internet	O
database	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Effects	O
of	O
partial	O
ventilatory	O
support	O
modalities	O
on	O
respiratory	B-PROC
function	I-PROC
in	O
severe	O
hypoxemic	O
lung	O
injury	O
.	O

This	O
study	O
compares	O
the	O
effects	O
of	O
assisted	O
ventilatory	O
techniques	O
on	O
breathing	B-PROC
pattern	O
,	O
gas	B-ENZY
exchange	O
,	O
hemodynamic	B-PROC
function	O
,	O
and	O
respiratory	O
effort	B-PROC
with	O
those	O
of	O
controlled	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
in	O
similarly	O
sedated	O
subjects	O
.	O

We	O
argue	O
that	O
there	O
is	O
a	O
pressing	O
need	O
to	O
clarify	O
the	O
rights	O
and	O
responsibilities	O
of	O
HCPs	O
in	O
the	O
current	O
context	O
of	O
pandemic	O
flu	B-DISO
preparedness	O
,	O
and	O
that	O
these	O
rights	O
and	O
responsibilities	O
ought	O
to	O
be	O
codified	O
in	O
professional	O
codes	O
of	O
ethics	O
.	O

Eye	B-PRGE
protection	O
was	O
perceived	O
as	O
only	O
moderately	O
effective	O
in	O
protecting	O
against	O
the	O
spread	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
reported	O
compliance	O
was	O
relatively	O
poor	O
among	O
ED	O
staff	O
.	O

This	O
article	O
defines	O
emerging	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
,	O
summarizes	O
historical	O
background	O
,	O
and	O
discusses	O
factors	O
that	O
contribute	O
to	O
emergence	O
.	O

The	O
author	O
reports	O
field	O
observations	O
and	O
describes	O
five	O
selected	O
examples	O
of	O
highly	O
innovative	O
,	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
related	O
infection	B-DISO
control	O
practices	O
observed	O
in	O
three	O
affected	O
countries	O
during	O
the	O
height	O
of	O
the	O
2003	O
outbreak	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Faeces	O
of	O
230	O
calves	O
with	O
and	O
without	O
diarrhoea	B-DISO
collected	O
during	O
the	O
winter	O
period	O
2004	O
/	O
2005	O
in	O
100	O
Austrian	O
farms	O
(	O
Styria	O
and	O
Lower	O
Austria	O
)	O
were	O
examined	O
for	O
viral	O
,	O
bacterial	O
and	O
parasitic	O
enteropathogens	O
.	O

Consequently	O
,	O
the	O
regulation	B-PROC
of	O
DC	O
maturation	B-PROC
should	O
reflect	O
these	O
multifaceted	O
immunological	O
processes	O
.	O

In	O
contrast	O
,	O
TNF	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
alpha	I-PRGE
alone	O
or	O
in	O
combination	O
with	O
the	O
TLR	O
ligands	O
was	O
a	O
poor	O
inducer	O
of	O
DC	O
maturation	O
,	O
but	O
co	O
-	O
operated	O
with	O
T	B-ANAT
-	I-ANAT
lymphocytes	I-ANAT
in	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
antigen	B-CHED
to	O
induce	O
DC	O
maturation	B-PROC
.	O

These	O
matured	O
MoDCs	O
displayed	O
an	O
enhanced	O
ability	O
to	O
present	O
antigen	B-CHED
to	O
and	O
thus	O
stimulate	O
T	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
.	O

Moreover	O
,	O
our	O
identified	O
N317	O
-	O
325	O
and	O
S1042	O
-	O
1050	O
CTL	B-ANAT
epitopes	O
could	O
induce	O
recall	O
responses	O
when	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
gamma	I-PRGE
stimulation	O
of	O
blood	B-ANAT
CD8	O
+	O
T	B-ANAT
-	I-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
revealed	O
significant	O
difference	O
between	O
normal	O
healthy	O
donors	O
and	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
recovered	O
patients	O
after	O
those	O
PBMCs	O
were	O
in	O
vitro	O
vaccinated	O
with	O
their	O
cognate	O
antigen	B-CHED
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
A	O
comparative	O
analysis	O
of	O
the	O
2002	O
-	O
2003	O
infectious	O
disease	O
outbreak	O
,	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
),	O
and	O
the	O
HIV	B-DISO
/	I-DISO
AIDS	I-DISO
epidemic	O
that	O
has	O
affected	O
the	O
world	O
over	O
the	O
past	O
two	O
decades	O
reveals	O
the	O
significant	O
role	O
of	O
socio	O
-	O
cultural	O
beliefs	O
and	O
attitudes	O
in	O
the	O
shaping	O
of	O
people	O
'	O
s	O
lifestyles	O
and	O
approaches	O
to	O
the	O
control	O
and	O
prevention	O
of	O
epidemics	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
SARS	B-PRGE
coronavirus	B-SPEC
main	I-PRGE
proteinase	B-PROC
is	O
a	O
prime	O
target	O
for	O
antiviral	O
therapy	O
.	O

Virus	B-SPEC
generates	O
drug	B-PROC
resistance	I-PROC
through	O
fast	B-FUNC
mutagenesis	B-PROC
and	O
escapes	O
antiviral	B-CHED
treatment	O
.	O

These	O
studies	O
have	O
been	O
driven	O
by	O
three	O
factors	O
,	O
namely	O
international	O
collaboration	O
;	O
specific	O
situations	O
like	O
disasters	O
,	O
terrorism	O
and	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
;	O
and	O
international	O
attention	O
to	O
specific	O
topics	O
like	O
maternal	O
depression	B-DISO
.	O

He	O
had	O
previously	O
undergone	O
tricuspid	B-ANAT
valve	I-ANAT
replacement	O
with	O
bioprosthetic	O
valves	B-ANAT
on	O
two	O
occasions	O
:	O
the	O
initial	O
surgery	O
for	O
severe	O
native	O
tricuspid	B-DISO
valve	I-DISO
stenosis	B-SPEC
and	O
the	O
redo	O
surgery	O
for	O
severe	O
prosthetic	O
valve	B-ANAT
stenosis	B-DISO
and	O
regurgitation	B-DISO
.	O

Conventional	O
imaging	O
assessment	O
using	O
transoesophageal	O
echocardiography	O
was	O
suboptimal	O
and	O
comprehensive	O
assessment	O
of	O
prosthetic	O
valve	B-ANAT
function	O
was	O
aided	O
by	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
intracardiac	B-ANAT
echocardiography	O
(	O
ICE	O
).	O

It	O
was	O
further	O
revealed	O
that	O
wt	O
JHMV	O
S1	O
,	O
but	O
not	O
srr7	O
,	O
was	O
released	O
from	O
the	O
cell	B-COMP
surface	I-COMP
when	O
S	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
was	O
expressed	B-PROC
on	O
cells	B-COMP
.	O

Immediate	O
discontinuance	O
of	O
amiodarone	B-CHED
and	O
high	O
-	O
dose	O
pulse	B-PROC
glucocorticoid	B-CHED
therapy	O
with	O
intubation	O
slightly	O
improved	O
the	O
infiltrations	O
on	O
chest	B-ANAT
X	O
-	O
ray	B-SPEC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Investigation	O
of	O
avian	B-DISO
influenza	I-DISO
(	O
H5N1	B-DISO
)	O
outbreak	O
in	O
humans	B-SPEC
--	O
Thailand	O
,	O
2004	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
A	O
total	O
of	O
16	O
patients	O
with	O
confirmed	O
H5N1	B-DISO
were	O
identified	O
for	O
the	O
case	O
-	O
control	O
study	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Enzymatic	B-PROC
activity	I-PROC
of	O
the	O
SARS	B-PRGE
coronavirus	B-SPEC
main	I-PRGE
proteinase	B-PROC
dimer	O
.	O

The	O
gene	O
for	O
the	O
enzyme	O
was	O
cloned	O
in	O
the	O
absence	O
of	O
purification	O
tags	O
,	O
expressed	B-PROC
in	O
Escherichia	B-SPEC
coli	I-SPEC
and	O
the	O
enzyme	O
purified	O
.	O

Enzyme	B-FUNC
activity	I-FUNC
from	O
the	O
SARS	B-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
main	I-PRGE
proteinase	B-PROC
dimer	I-PRGE
could	O
readily	O
be	O
detected	O
at	O
low	O
pM	O
concentrations	O
.	O

Among	O
309	O
bats	B-SPEC
of	O
13	O
species	B-SPEC
captured	O
from	O
20	O
different	O
locations	O
in	O
rural	O
areas	O
of	O
Hong	O
Kong	O
over	O
a	O
16	O
-	O
month	O
period	O
,	O
coronaviruses	O
were	O
amplified	O
from	O
anal	B-ANAT
swabs	O
of	O
37	O
(	O
12	O
%)	O
bats	B-SPEC
by	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
.	O

Although	O
neither	O
prophylactic	O
antibiotics	B-CHED
,	O
nor	O
BRD	O
vaccines	O
were	O
used	O
,	O
less	O
than	O
0	O
.	O
7	O
-	O
13	O
.	O
2	O
%	O
(	O
mean	O
5	O
%)	O
of	O
the	O
calves	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
970	O
)	O
required	O
treatment	O
for	O
BRD	O
during	O
the	O
first	O
five	O
weeks	O
following	O
entry	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Hepatitis	B-SPEC
C	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
HCV	O
)	O
is	O
believed	O
to	O
assemble	O
by	O
budding	B-PATH
into	O
membranes	B-ANAT
of	O
the	O
early	O
secretory	B-PROC
pathway	I-PROC
,	O
consistent	O
with	O
the	O
membrane	B-COMP
location	O
where	O
the	O
viral	B-PRGE
envelope	I-PRGE
glycoproteins	B-CHED
E1	I-PRGE
and	I-PRGE
E2	I-PRGE
accumulate	O
when	O
expressed	B-PROC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Inflammation	B-DISO
inhibitors	B-CHED
were	O
remarkably	O
up	O
-	O
regulated	O
in	O
plasma	B-ANAT
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
patients	O
at	O
progressive	O
phase	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
is	O
a	O
severe	O
infectious	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
that	O
has	O
affected	O
many	O
countries	O
and	O
regions	O
since	O
2002	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
the	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
is	O
still	O
elusive	O
.	O

By	O
comparing	O
the	O
plasma	B-ANAT
proteins	B-CHED
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
with	O
those	O
of	O
a	O
normal	O
control	O
group	O
,	O
several	O
proteins	B-CHED
with	O
a	O
significant	O
alteration	O
were	O
found	O
.	O

We	O
carried	O
out	O
an	O
assessment	O
on	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
after	O
their	O
recovery	O
from	O
their	O
acute	O
illness	O
.	O

These	O
data	O
suggest	O
that	O
the	O
major	O
neutralizing	O
epitopes	O
of	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
have	O
been	O
apparently	O
maintained	O
during	O
cross	O
-	O
species	B-SPEC
transmission	O
,	O
and	O
that	O
RBD	O
-	O
based	O
vaccines	O
may	O
induce	O
broad	O
protection	O
against	O
both	O
human	B-SPEC
and	O
animal	B-SPEC
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
variants	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Epidemiologic	O
study	O
and	O
containment	O
of	O
a	O
nosocomial	O
outbreak	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
in	O
a	O
medical	O
center	O
in	O
Kaohsiung	O
,	O
Taiwan	O
.	O

The	O
presence	O
of	O
underlying	O
lung	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
and	O
immunocompromise	O
in	O
some	O
patients	O
made	O
the	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
difficult	O
.	O

Multiple	O
factors	O
were	O
likely	O
responsible	O
for	O
SARS	B-DISO
in	O
these	O
HCWs	O
,	O
including	O
the	O
performance	O
of	O
high	O
-	O
risk	O
patient	O
care	O
procedures	O
,	O
inconsistent	O
use	O
of	O
personal	O
protective	O
equipment	O
,	O
fatigue	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
lack	O
of	O
adequate	O
infection	B-DISO
control	O
training	O
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
Multiple	O
factors	O
were	O
likely	O
responsible	O
for	O
SARS	B-DISO
in	O
these	O
HCWs	O
,	O
including	O
the	O
performance	O
of	O
high	O
-	O
risk	O
patient	O
care	O
procedures	O
,	O
inconsistent	O
use	O
of	O
personal	O
protective	O
equipment	O
,	O
fatigue	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
lack	O
of	O
adequate	O
infection	B-DISO
control	O
training	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
This	O
study	O
used	O
a	O
sensitive	O
polymerase	O
chain	O
reaction	O
method	O
coupled	O
with	O
filter	O
sampling	O
to	O
detect	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
airborne	O
severe	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
in	O
an	O
isolation	O
patient	O
room	O
with	O
a	O
patient	O
with	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
receiving	O
mechanical	O
ventilatory	O
support	O
.	O

We	O
tested	O
the	O
polymorphisms	B-PROC
of	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
gamma	I-PRGE
,	O
TNF	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
alpha	I-PRGE
and	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
10	I-FUNC
for	O
their	O
associations	O
with	O
SARS	B-DISO
.	O

Individuals	O
with	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
gamma	I-PRGE
+	I-PRGE
874	I-PRGE
AA	I-PRGE
and	O
AT	O
genotype	O
had	O
a	O
5	O
.	O
19	O
-	O
fold	O
(	O
95	O
%	O
Confidence	O
Interval	O
[	O
CI	O
],	O
2	O
.	O
78	O
-	O
9	O
.	O
68	O
)	O
and	O
2	O
.	O
57	O
-	O
fold	O
(	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
,	O
1	O
.	O
35	O
-	O
4	O
.	O
88	O
)	O
increased	O
risk	O
of	O
developing	O
SARS	B-DISO
respectively	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Detection	O
of	O
antibodies	B-COMP
to	O
avian	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
bronchitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
by	O
a	O
recombinant	B-PRGE
nucleocapsid	B-COMP
protein	B-CHED
-	O
based	O
enzyme	O
-	O
linked	O
immunosorbent	O
assay	O
.	O

Frequency	O
and	O
natural	O
history	O
of	O
rhinovirus	B-SPEC
infections	B-DISO
in	O
adults	O
during	O
autumn	O
.	O

Treatment	O
of	O
picornavirus	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
.	O

Increasing	O
evidences	O
also	O
describe	O
the	O
link	O
between	O
HRV	O
infection	B-DISO
and	O
more	O
serious	O
medical	O
complications	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Inhibition	B-PROC
of	O
feline	B-SPEC
(	O
FIPV	O
)	O
and	O
human	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
by	O
semisynthetic	O
derivatives	O
of	O
glycopeptide	B-CHED
antibiotics	B-CHED
.	O

Several	O
glycopeptide	B-CHED
derivatives	O
modified	O
with	O
hydrophobic	O
substituents	O
showed	O
selective	O
antiviral	B-CHED
activity	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Structure	O
-	O
and	O
oil	O
type	O
-	O
based	O
efficacy	O
of	O
emulsion	O
adjuvants	B-CHED
.	O

The	O
use	O
of	O
a	O
polymeric	O
emulsifier	B-CHED
allowed	O
for	O
direct	O
comparison	O
of	O
three	O
types	O
of	O
emulsions	O
,	O
water	B-CHED
-	O
in	O
-	O
oil	O
(	O
W	O
/	O
O	O
),	O
oil	O
-	O
in	O
-	O
water	B-CHED
(	O
O	O
/	O
W	O
)	O
and	O
W	O
/	O
O	O
-	O
in	O
-	O
water	B-CHED
(	O
W	O
/	O
O	O
/	O
W	O
),	O
while	O
maintaining	O
an	O
identical	O
content	O
of	O
components	O
for	O
each	O
vehicle	O
.	O

In	O
general	O
,	O
mineral	B-CHED
oil	O
vaccines	O
showed	O
superior	O
efficacy	O
compared	O
to	O
Miglyol	O
840	O
-	O
based	O
vaccines	O
.	O

SARS	B-DISO
mimotopes	O
were	O
obtained	O
by	O
phage	O
peptide	B-CHED
library	O
screening	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Apertura	O
pyriformis	O
stenosis	B-DISO
in	O
the	O
newborn	O
.	O

The	O
distribution	O
of	O
proximal	O
femoral	B-ANAT
marrow	O
on	O
MR	O
imaging	O
of	O
148	O
health	O
care	O
workers	O
with	O
recovered	O
SARS	B-DISO
including	O
106	O
cases	O
treated	O
with	O
varied	O
dosage	O
of	O
steroids	B-CHED
and	O
42	O
cases	O
without	O
steroid	B-CHED
,	O
and	O
97	O
age	O
and	O
sex	O
matched	O
health	O
adults	O
as	O
controls	O
were	O
observed	O
.	O

In	O
106	O
cases	O
treated	O
with	O
steroid	B-CHED
of	O
the	O
148	O
health	O
care	O
workers	O
,	O
femoral	O
head	O
osteonecrosis	B-DISO
was	O
found	O
in	O
4	O
cases	O
,	O
bilateral	O
femoral	B-ANAT
marrow	O
edema	B-DISO
in	O
2	O
cases	O
,	O
femoral	B-ANAT
marrow	O
infarction	B-DISO
in	O
1	O
case	O
.	O

The	O
index	O
of	O
marrow	O
conversion	O
in	O
the	O
normal	O
controls	O
,	O
in	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
treated	O
without	O
and	O
with	O
steroids	B-CHED
was	O
(	O
79	O
.	O
4	O
+/-	O
6	O
.	O
8	O
)%,	O
(	O
86	O
.	O
9	O
+/-	O
7	O
.	O
4	O
)%,	O
(	O
88	O
.	O
6	O
+/-	O
5	O
.	O
9	O
)%,	O
respectively	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
In	O
106	O
cases	O
treated	O
with	O
steroid	B-CHED
of	O
the	O
148	O
health	O
care	O
workers	O
,	O
femoral	B-ANAT
head	I-ANAT
osteonecrosis	B-DISO
was	O
found	O
in	O
4	O
cases	O
,	O
bilateral	O
femoral	B-ANAT
marrow	O
edema	B-DISO
in	O
2	O
cases	O
,	O
femoral	B-ANAT
marrow	O
infarction	B-DISO
in	O
1	O
case	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
investigate	O
the	O
clinical	O
manifestations	O
and	O
the	O
chest	O
imaging	O
characteristics	O
of	O
an	O
epidemic	O
outbreak	O
of	O
respiratory	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
caused	O
by	O
Chlamydia	B-SPEC
pneumoniae	I-SPEC
(	O
CP	O
).	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
investigate	O
the	O
hematological	O
changes	O
and	O
related	O
gene	B-PROC
mutation	I-PROC
of	O
post	O
-	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
patients	O
with	O
osteonecrosis	B-DISO
so	O
as	O
to	O
find	O
the	O
sensitive	O
molecular	O
symbols	O
for	O
early	O
screening	O
of	O
the	O
high	O
risk	O
populations	O
.	O

The	O
levels	O
of	O
PC	O
,	O
AT	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
III	I-PRGE
,	O
and	O
PLG	B-CHED
of	O
the	O
osteonecrosis	B-DISO
group	O
were	O
85	O
%	O
+/-	O

APTT	O
,	O
PC	O
,	O
AT	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
III	I-PRGE
,	O
and	O
PLG	B-PRGE
can	O
be	O
used	O
as	O
sensitive	O
indicator	B-CHED
for	O
screening	O
high	O
risk	O
populations	O
of	O
osteonecrosis	B-DISO
.	O

This	O
paper	O
assesses	O
factors	O
related	O
to	O
public	O
health	O
nurses	O
'	O
confidence	O
in	O
managing	O
community	O
SARS	B-DISO
control	O
programs	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Most	O
public	O
health	O
nurses	O
(	O
71	O
.	O
9	O
%)	O
expressed	B-PROC
a	O
general	O
lack	O
of	O
confidence	O
in	O
handling	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
epidemic	O
.	O

The	O
epidemic	O
spread	O
rapidly	O
within	O
China	O
and	O
internationally	O
,	O
with	O
8454	O
recorded	O
infections	B-DISO
and	O
792	O
deaths	B-PROC
by	O
June	O
15	O
,	O
2003	O
.	O

If	O
an	O
influenza	O
pandemic	O
struck	B-DISO
today	O
,	O
borders	O
might	O
close	O
,	O
the	O
global	O
economy	O
would	O
be	O
severely	O
impacted	B-DISO
,	O
international	O
vaccine	O
supplies	O
and	O
health	O
are	O
systems	O
would	O
be	O
overwhelmed	O
,	O
and	O
some	O
people	O
might	O
panic	O
.	O

$	O
100	O
million	O
is	O
being	O
provided	O
initially	O
with	O
another	O
$	O
250	O
million	O
due	O
later	O
this	O
year	O
to	O
assist	O
states	O
in	O
pandemic	O
flu	B-DISO
preparedness	O
.	O

Two	O
(	O
0	O
.	O
57	O
%)	O
of	O
353	O
asymptomatic	O
children	O
from	O
the	O
high	O
-	O
risk	O
area	O
were	O
tested	O
positive	O
for	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
antibody	B-COMP
compared	O
with	O
0	O
of	O
361	O
in	O
the	O
low	O
-	O
risk	O
region	O
.	O

The	O
very	O
low	O
seroprevalence	O
implies	O
little	O
or	O
no	O
population	O
herd	B-PROC
immunity	I-PROC
to	O
protect	O
against	O
future	O
resurgence	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Severe	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
-	O
associated	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
),	O
a	O
distant	O
member	O
of	O
the	O
Group	O
2	O
coronaviruses	O
,	O
has	O
recently	O
been	O
identified	O
as	O
the	O
etiological	O
agent	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
).	O

These	O
results	O
provide	O
new	O
directions	O
for	O
studies	O
of	O
the	O
role	O
of	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
3b	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
in	O
SARS	B-DISO
pathogenesis	B-DISO
.	O

Alcohol	O
causes	O
acute	O
and	O
chronic	O
dysfunction	O
in	O
multiple	O
organ	B-ANAT
systems	I-ANAT
,	O
and	O
the	O
underlying	O
mechanisms	O
responsible	O
for	O
organ	B-ANAT
injury	O
are	O
complex	O
.	O

In	O
addition	O
,	O
we	O
provide	O
an	O
overview	O
of	O
the	O
mechanisms	O
thought	O
to	O
contribute	O
to	O
ARDS	B-DISO
and	O
multiple	O
organ	O
dysfunction	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
An	O
evaluation	O
of	O
nursing	B-PROC
practice	O
models	O
in	O
the	O
context	O
of	O
the	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
epidemic	O
in	O
Hong	O
Kong	O
:	O
a	O
preliminary	O
study	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Conventional	O
practice	O
from	O
the	O
findings	O
consisted	O
of	O
cubicle	O
and	O
named	O
nurse	O
nursing	B-PROC
.	O

Preliminary	O
findings	O
concerning	O
infection	B-DISO
control	O
and	O
nurse	O
satisfaction	O
revealed	O
that	O
the	O
alternative	O
model	O
had	O
an	O
advantage	O
over	O
the	O
conventional	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Use	O
of	O
an	O
integrated	O
clinical	O
trial	O
database	O
to	O
evaluate	O
the	O
effect	O
of	O
timing	O
of	O
drotrecogin	O
alfa	O
(	O
activated	O
)	O
treatment	O
in	O
severe	B-DISO
sepsis	I-DISO
.	O

Using	O
a	O
recently	O
constructed	O
integrated	O
severe	B-DISO
sepsis	I-DISO
database	O
,	O
our	O
objectives	O
in	O
this	O
study	O
were	O
to	O
describe	O
the	O
influence	O
of	O
baseline	O
clinical	O
characteristics	O
on	O
timing	O
of	O
DrotAA	O
treatment	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	B-DISO
sepsis	I-DISO
,	O
to	O
evaluate	O
the	O
efficacy	O
of	O
DrotAA	O
with	O
respect	O
to	O
timing	O
of	O
administration	O
,	O
and	O
to	O
examine	O
the	O
association	O
between	O
early	O
intervention	O
with	O
DrotAA	O
and	O
patient	O
outcomes	O
,	O
using	O
adjustments	O
for	O
imbalances	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Biochemical	O
evidence	O
for	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
mixed	O
membrane	B-COMP
topologies	O
of	O
the	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
envelope	B-COMP
protein	B-CHED
expressed	B-PROC
in	O
mammalian	B-SPEC
cells	B-COMP
.	O

Intriguingly	O
,	O
a	O
minor	O
proportion	O
of	O
the	O
SARS	O
-	O
CoV	O
E	O
protein	B-CHED
was	O
found	O
to	O
be	O
modified	O
by	O
N	O
-	O
linked	O
glycosylation	B-PROC
on	O
Asn	B-CHED
66	O
and	O
inserted	O
into	O
the	O
membranes	B-ANAT
once	O
with	O
the	O
C	O
-	O
terminus	O
exposed	O
to	O
the	O
luminal	B-CHED
side	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
investigate	O
the	O
effect	O
of	O
high	O
-	O
volume	O
continuous	O
hemofiltration	O
on	O
experimental	O
pancreatitis	B-DISO
associated	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
(	O
PALI	O
)	O
in	O
pigs	B-SPEC
.	O

Plasma	B-ANAT
cytokines	O
in	O
the	O
high	O
-	O
volume	O
group	O
were	O
significantly	O
lower	O
than	O
in	O
the	O
LV	O
and	O
control	O
groups	O
.	O

In	O
the	O
HV	O
group	O
,	O
the	O
expression	B-PROC
of	O
NF	O
-	O
ê	O
B	O
activation	O
at	O
6	O
h	O
,	O
12	O
h	O
and	O
24	O
h	O
was	O
lower	O
than	O
in	O
the	O
control	O
and	O
LV	O
groups	O
respectively	O
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
CVVH	O
can	O
reduce	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
edema	I-DISO
and	O
the	O
severity	O
of	O
PALI	O
in	O
pigs	B-SPEC
with	O
high	O
-	O
volume	O
CVVH	O
being	O
significantly	O
better	O
than	O
low	O
-	O
volume	O
CVVH	O
.	O

In	O
Phase	O
2	O
,	O
MIGET	O
showed	O
diversion	O
of	O
blood	B-PROC
flow	I-PROC
from	O
normal	O
to	O
true	O
-	O
shunt	O
lung	B-ANAT
compartments	B-ANAT
and	O
,	O
transiently	O
,	O
to	O
poorly	O
ventilated	O
compartments	B-ANAT
.	O

In	O
addition	O
,	O
we	O
identify	O
movements	B-PROC
of	O
the	O
likely	B-PRGE
eukaryotic	I-PRGE
ribosomal	I-PRGE
helicase	I-PRGE
and	O
confirm	O
a	O
direct	O
interaction	O
between	O
the	O
translocase	B-PRGE
eEF2	I-PRGE
and	O
the	O
P	O
-	O
site	O
tRNA	B-FUNC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Southwest	O
Oncology	O
Group	O
phase	O
II	O
study	O
of	O
arsenic	B-CHED
trioxide	I-CHED
in	O
patients	O
with	O
refractory	O
germ	B-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
malignancies	B-DISO
.	O

Their	O
synthesis	B-PROC
involves	O
a	O
process	O
of	O
discontinuous	O
RNA	B-PROC
synthesis	I-PROC
that	O
resembles	O
similarity	O
-	O
assisted	O
RNA	O
recombination	B-PROC
.	O

The	O
internalization	O
did	O
not	O
occur	O
spontaneously	O
,	O
as	O
it	O
was	O
not	O
observed	O
in	O
cells	B-COMP
incubated	O
with	O
medium	O
or	O
non	O
-	O
specific	O
antibodies	B-COMP
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Analysis	O
of	O
ACE2	B-PRGE
in	O
polarized	O
epithelial	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
:	O
surface	O
expression	B-PROC
and	O
function	O
as	O
receptor	O
for	O
severe	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
-	O
associated	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
.	O

Here	O
,	O
these	O
results	O
were	O
confirmed	O
and	O
extended	O
by	O
including	O
a	O
colon	B-DISO
carcinoma	B-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
line	O
(	O
Caco	O
-	O
2	O
),	O
a	O
lung	B-DISO
carcinoma	B-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
line	O
(	O
Calu	O
-	O
3	O
)	O
and	O
Vero	O
E6	O
cells	B-COMP
in	O
our	O
analysis	O
.	O

All	O
three	O
cell	B-COMP
types	O
expressed	B-PROC
human	B-PRGE
ACE2	I-PRGE
on	O
the	O
apical	B-ANAT
membrane	I-ANAT
domain	O
and	O
were	O
infected	O
via	O
this	O
route	O
,	O
as	O
determined	O
with	O
vesicular	B-SPEC
stomatitis	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
pseudotypes	O
containing	O
the	O
S	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
of	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
.	O
In	O
a	O
histological	O
analysis	O
of	O
the	O
respiratory	B-ANAT
tract	I-ANAT
,	O
ACE2	B-PRGE
was	O
detected	O
in	O
the	O
trachea	O
,	O
main	B-ANAT
bronchus	I-ANAT
and	O
alveoli	B-ANAT
,	O
and	O
occasionally	O
also	O
in	O
the	O
small	O
bronchi	B-ANAT
.	O

We	O
give	O
examples	O
of	O
the	O
Cavbase	O
similarity	O
analysis	O
detecting	O
pronounced	O
similarities	O
in	O
the	O
binding	B-FUNC
sites	O
of	O
proteins	B-CHED
unrelated	O
in	O
sequence	O
.	O

A	O
similarity	O
search	O
using	O
SARS	B-PRGE
M	I-PRGE
(	I-PRGE
pro	B-CHED
)	I-PRGE
protease	I-PRGE
subpockets	I-PRGE
as	O
queries	O
retrieved	O
ligands	O
and	O
ligand	B-PROC
fragments	O
accommodated	O
in	O
a	O
physicochemical	O
environment	O
similar	O
to	O
that	O
of	O
the	O
query	O
.	O

A	O
cluster	O
analysis	O
procedure	O
for	O
the	O
functional	O
classification	O
of	O
binding	B-FUNC
pockets	O
was	O
implemented	O
and	O
calibrated	O
using	O
a	O
diverse	O
set	O
of	O
enzyme	B-FUNC
binding	I-FUNC
sites	O
.	O

We	O
propose	O
a	O
relevant	O
classification	O
of	O
both	O
protein	B-CHED
families	O
,	O
on	O
the	O
basis	O
of	O
the	O
binding	B-FUNC
motifs	O
in	O
their	O
active	O
sites	O
.	O

The	O
prevalence	O
of	O
subclinical	O
udder	B-ANAT
infection	B-DISO
in	O
camels	B-SPEC
can	O
reach	B-PROC
very	O
high	O
proportions	O
in	O
dairy	O
camels	B-SPEC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Template	O
-	O
based	O
coiled	O
-	O
coil	O
antigens	B-CHED
elicit	O
neutralizing	O
antibodies	B-COMP
to	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
.	O

It	O
contains	O
two	O
hydrophobic	O
heptad	O
repeat	O
(	O
HR	O
)	O
regions	O
,	O
denoted	O
HRN	B-CHED
and	O
HRC	O
,	O
which	O
oligomerize	O
the	O
S	B-PRGE
glycoprotein	I-PRGE
into	O
a	O
trimer	O
in	O
the	O
native	O
state	O
and	O
when	O
activated	O
collapse	B-DISO
into	O
a	O
six	O
-	O
helix	O
bundle	O
structure	O
driving	O
fusion	O
of	O
the	O
host	B-COMP
and	O
viral	O
membranes	B-ANAT
.	O

Previous	O
studies	O
have	O
shown	O
that	O
peptides	B-CHED
of	O
the	O
HR	O
regions	O
can	O
inhibit	O
viral	O
infectivity	O
.	O

Our	O
results	O
show	O
that	O
all	O
of	O
the	O
elicited	O
anti	O
-	O
sera	B-COMP
can	O
specifically	O
recognize	O
HRN	B-CHED
or	O
HRC	B-PRGE
peptides	I-PRGE
and	O
the	O
native	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
S	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
in	O
an	O
ELISA	O
format	O
.	O

Flow	O
cytometry	O
(	O
FACS	O
)	O
analysis	O
,	O
however	O
,	O
showed	O
only	O
HRC1	B-PRGE
and	O
HRC2	B-PRGE
anti	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
sera	I-PRGE
could	O
bind	B-FUNC
to	O
native	B-PRGE
S	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
expressed	B-PROC
on	O
the	O
cell	B-COMP
surface	I-COMP
of	O
Chinese	B-SPEC
hamster	I-SPEC
ovary	B-ANAT
cells	B-COMP
,	O
i	O
.	O
e	O
.,	O
the	O
cell	B-ANAT
surface	I-ANAT
structure	I-ANAT
of	O
the	O
S	B-PRGE
glycoprotein	I-PRGE
precluded	O
the	O
ability	O
of	O
the	O
HRN1	O
or	O
HRN2	B-PRGE
anti	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
sera	I-PRGE
to	O
see	O
their	O
respective	O
epitope	B-CHED
sites	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Porcine	B-SPEC
respiratory	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
PRCV	O
)	O
potentiates	O
respiratory	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
and	O
proinflammatory	O
cytokine	B-PROC
production	I-PROC
in	O
the	O
lungs	B-ANAT
upon	O
intratracheal	O
inoculation	O
with	O
lipopolysaccharide	B-CHED
(	O
LPS	B-DISO
)	O
at	O
1	O
day	O
of	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Emergent	O
viruses	B-SPEC
:	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
associate	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
and	O
H5N1	B-DISO
influenza	I-DISO
virus	O
].	O

In	O
french	O
laboratories	O
of	O
medical	O
virology	O
,	O
procedures	O
are	O
ready	O
to	O
diagnose	O
the	O
first	O
case	O
of	O
A	O
/	O
H5N1	B-DISO
virus	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
and	O
cases	O
of	O
reemerging	O
SARS	B-DISO
virus	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
responsible	O
for	O
the	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
contains	O
a	O
small	B-PRGE
envelope	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
,	O
E	O
,	O
with	O
putative	O
involvement	O
in	O
host	B-COMP
apoptosis	B-PATH
and	O
virus	B-SPEC
morphogenesis	B-PROC
.	O

We	O
have	O
independently	O
confirmed	O
that	O
the	O
full	O
polypeptide	O
of	O
E	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
can	O
also	O
aggregate	O
as	O
pentamers	O
after	O
expression	B-PROC
in	O
Escherichia	B-SPEC
coli	I-SPEC
.	O

ARDS	B-DISO
develops	O
in	O
response	O
to	O
inflammatory	O
stresses	O
including	O
sepsis	B-DISO
,	O
trauma	O
,	O
and	O
severe	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
despite	O
aggressive	B-DISO
critical	O
care	O
management	O
,	O
it	O
still	O
has	O
a	O
mortality	O
of	O
30	O
-	O
50	O
%.	O

At	O
the	O
time	O
of	O
its	O
original	O
description	O
in	O
1967	O
,	O
relatively	O
little	O
was	O
known	O
about	O
the	O
specific	O
mechanisms	O
by	O
which	O
the	O
alveolar	B-ANAT
epithelium	I-ANAT
regulated	O
lung	B-ANAT
fluid	B-PROC
balance	I-PROC
.	O

The	O
results	O
may	O
contribute	O
to	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
antiviral	B-CHED
therapeutics	O
for	O
IBV	B-SPEC
and	O
studying	O
the	O
determinants	O
for	O
viral	O
and	O
cell	B-PROC
interaction	I-PROC
.	O

Two	O
patients	O
had	O
disease	O
beyond	O
the	O
respiratory	B-ANAT
tract	I-ANAT
.	O

There	O
have	O
been	O
occasional	O
reports	O
of	O
OP	O
occurring	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
hematologic	B-DISO
malignancies	I-DISO
.	O

Five	O
patients	O
were	O
treated	O
with	O
prednisone	B-CHED
and	O
all	O
experienced	O
symptomatic	O
improvement	O
with	O
documented	O
radiologic	O
resolution	O
in	O
4	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Underlying	O
hematologic	B-DISO
disorders	I-DISO
included	O
lymphoma	B-DISO
(	O
2	O
),	O
acute	B-DISO
leukemia	I-DISO
(	O
2	O
),	O
cutaneous	B-DISO
T	I-DISO
-	I-DISO
cell	I-DISO
lymphoma	I-DISO
(	O
1	O
),	O
and	O
myelodysplastic	B-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
1	O
).	O

The	O
induction	O
of	O
human	B-PRGE
anti	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
mouse	B-SPEC
/	I-PRGE
anti	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
rat	B-SPEC
antibodies	B-COMP
was	O
detected	O
in	O
5	O
out	O
of	O
16	O
(	O
31	O
%)	O
patients	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
High	O
molecular	O
weight	O
kininogen	O
in	O
inflammation	B-DISO
and	O
angiogenesis	B-PROC
:	O
a	O
review	O
of	O
its	O
properties	O
and	O
therapeutic	O
applications	O
].	O

It	O
has	O
been	O
shown	O
that	O
KKS	O
activation	O
in	O
the	O
systemic	B-DISO
inflammatory	I-DISO
response	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
results	O
in	O
decrease	O
of	O
its	O
component	O
plasma	B-ANAT
proteins	B-CHED
.	O

It	O
has	O
been	O
found	O
that	O
in	O
HK	O
deficient	O
Lewis	O
rats	B-SPEC
,	O
experimental	O
IBD	B-DISO
was	O
much	O
less	O
severe	O
.	O

Furthermore	O
,	O
it	O
has	O
been	O
shown	O
that	O
a	O
bradykinin	B-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
receptor	I-PRGE
(	O
B2R	B-PRGE
)	O
antagonist	B-PROC
attenuates	O
the	O
inflammatory	O
changes	O
in	O
the	O
same	O
animal	B-SPEC
model	O
.	O

Such	O
systems	O
focus	O
on	O
detecting	O
clusters	O
of	O
syndromes	B-DISO
in	O
excess	O
of	O
baseline	O
levels	O
,	O
which	O
may	O
indicate	O
an	O
outbreak	O
.	O

Thresholds	O
were	O
set	O
to	O
3	O
or	O
more	O
cases	O
presenting	O
with	O
particular	O
syndromes	B-DISO
and	O
a	O
temperature	O
reading	O
of	O
>	O
or	O
=	O
38oC	O
(	O
T	O
>	O
or	O
=	O
38	O
).	O

Monte	O
Carlo	O
simulation	O
was	O
used	O
to	O
insert	O
simulated	O
SARS	B-DISO
outbreaks	O
of	O
various	O
sizes	O
onto	O
the	O
background	O
incidence	O
of	O
febrile	B-PROC
cases	O
,	O
accounting	O
for	O
distribution	O
of	O
SARS	O
incubation	O
period	O
,	O
delay	O
from	O
onset	O
to	O
first	O
consult	O
,	O
and	O
likelihood	O
of	O
presenting	O
with	O
T	O
>	O
or	O
=	O
38	O
to	O
the	O
SAF	O
medical	O
centre	O
.	O

Surveillance	O
based	O
on	O
clusters	B-CHED
of	O
cases	O
with	O
T	O
>	O
or	O
=	O
38	O
helps	O
reduce	O
background	O
noise	O
in	O
primary	O
care	O
data	O
,	O
but	O
the	O
major	O
limitation	O
of	O
such	O
systems	O
is	O
that	O
they	O
are	O
still	O
only	O
able	O
to	O
confidently	O
detect	O
large	O
outbreaks	O
.	O

Both	O
viral	O
and	O
cellular	B-COMP
proteins	B-CHED
are	O
required	O
for	O
replication	O
and	O
transcription	B-PROC
,	O
and	O
the	O
role	O
of	O
selected	O
proteins	B-CHED
is	O
addressed	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Do	O
children	O
know	O
their	O
parent	O
'	O
s	O
HIV	B-DISO
status	O
?	O

Reasons	O
children	O
did	O
not	O
know	O
their	O
parent	O
'	O
s	O
HIV	B-DISO
status	O
included	O
that	O
the	O
parent	O
was	O
worried	O
about	O
the	O
emotional	O
consequences	O
of	O
disclosure	O
(	O
67	O
%),	O
was	O
worried	O
the	O
child	O
would	O
tell	O
other	O
people	O
(	O
36	O
%),	O
and	O
did	O
not	O
know	O
how	O
to	O
tell	O
their	O
child	O
(	O
28	O
%).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Characterization	O
of	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
229E	I-SPEC
fusion	O
core	O
:	O
implications	O
for	O
structure	O
basis	O
of	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
membrane	B-ANAT
fusion	I-PROC
.	O

Patients	O
'	O
clinical	O
information	O
,	O
the	O
extent	O
of	O
radiographic	O
opacification	O
during	O
the	O
acute	O
phase	O
of	O
illness	O
,	O
and	O
conventional	O
pulmonary	B-PROC
function	I-PROC
test	O
results	O
on	O
follow	O
-	O
up	O
were	O
obtained	O
for	O
correlation	O
.	O

Parenchymal	O
scars	B-DISO
remained	O
unchanged	O
from	O
the	O
6	O
-	O
to	O
12	O
-	O
month	O
follow	O
-	O
up	O
in	O
all	O
six	O
patients	O
with	O
that	O
finding	O
.	O

We	O
found	O
that	O
32	O
%	O
of	O
the	O
children	O
(	O
15	O
/	O
47	O
)	O
affected	O
with	O
SARS	B-DISO
showed	O
thin	O
-	O
section	O
CT	O
abnormalities	O
up	O
to	O
12	O
months	O
after	O
diagnosis	O
despite	O
clinical	O
remission	B-DISO
and	O
unremarkable	O
pulmonary	B-PROC
function	I-PROC
assessment	O
.	O

Lymphopenia	B-DISO
(	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
03	O
),	O
extent	O
of	O
radiographic	O
opacification	O
at	O
acute	O
illness	O
(	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
047	O
),	O
and	O
duration	O
of	O
use	O
of	O
ribavirin	B-CHED
(	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
03	O
)	O
were	O
significant	O
risk	O
factors	O
in	O
predicting	O
whether	O
abnormal	O
CT	O
features	O
persisted	O
12	O
months	O
after	O
diagnosis	O
.	O

This	O
review	O
focuses	O
on	O
ARF	B-DISO
in	O
cancer	B-DISO
patients	O
.	O

This	O
review	O
discusses	O
risks	O
and	O
benefits	O
from	O
invasive	O
and	O
non	O
invasive	O
diagnostic	O
and	O
therapeutic	O
strategies	O
in	O
critically	B-DISO
ill	I-DISO
cancer	B-DISO
patients	O
with	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
.	O

The	O
main	O
feature	O
shared	O
by	O
these	O
three	O
potential	O
inhibitors	B-CHED
as	O
well	O
as	O
the	O
information	O
of	O
the	O
involved	O
side	O
chains	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
Cov	O
Mpro	O
may	O
provide	O
useful	O
insights	O
for	O
the	O
development	O
of	O
potent	O
inhibitors	B-CHED
against	O
SARS	B-PRGE
enzyme	I-PRGE
.	O

The	O
sialic	B-FUNC
acid	I-FUNC
binding	B-PROC
activity	I-PROC
may	O
allow	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
to	O
overcome	O
the	O
mucus	B-ANAT
barrier	O
in	O
the	O
gut	B-ANAT
and	O
to	O
get	O
access	O
to	O
the	O
intestinal	B-ANAT
epithelium	I-ANAT
for	O
initiation	O
of	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

This	O
study	O
evaluated	O
the	O
impact	O
of	O
preexisting	O
immunity	B-PROC
to	O
human	B-SPEC
adenovirus	B-DISO
on	O
the	O
efficacy	O
of	O
adenovirus	B-DISO
-	O
based	O
vaccines	O
against	O
the	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
that	O
causes	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
).	O

The	O
biosensor	O
technique	O
based	O
on	O
imaging	O
ellipsometry	O
was	O
employed	O
directly	O
to	O
detect	O
two	O
neutralizing	O
monoclonal	O
antibodies	B-COMP
and	O
serial	O
serum	B-COMP
samples	O
from	O
10	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
and	O
12	O
volunteers	O
who	O
had	O
not	O
SARS	B-DISO
.	O

As	O
a	O
label	B-CHED
free	O
method	O
,	O
the	O
biosensor	O
based	O
on	O
imaging	O
ellipsometry	O
proved	O
to	O
be	O
a	O
more	O
competent	O
mechanism	O
for	O
measuring	O
serum	B-ANAT
samples	O
from	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
and	O
the	O
affinity	O
between	O
these	O
antibodies	B-COMP
and	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
.	O

Viral	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
were	O
diagnosed	O
by	O
either	O
immunological	O
(	O
monoclonal	O
antibodies	B-COMP
)	O
or	O
molecular	O
(	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
)	O
methods	O
.	O

Here	O
,	O
we	O
further	O
characterized	O
the	O
antigenic	O
structure	O
in	O
the	O
RBD	O
by	O
a	O
panel	O
of	O
novel	O
mAbs	O
isolated	O
from	O
the	O
mice	B-SPEC
immunized	O
with	O
an	O
inactivated	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
vaccine	O
.	O

Cell	B-COMP
attenuated	O
DR13	O
was	O
orally	B-ANAT
or	O
intramuscularly	O
(	O
IM	O
)	O
administered	O
to	O
late	O
-	O
term	O
pregnant	O
sows	O
,	O
and	O
mortality	O
resulting	O
from	O
the	O
highly	O
virulent	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
challenge	O
was	O
investigated	O
in	O
passively	O
immunized	O
suckling	O
piglets	O
of	O
the	O
two	O
different	O
groups	O
.	O

The	O
mortality	O
rate	O
of	O
the	O
oral	B-ANAT
group	O
(	O
13	O
%)	O
was	O
lower	O
than	O
that	O
of	O
the	O
IM	O
group	O
(	O
60	O
%).	O

In	O
particular	O
,	O
the	O
concentration	O
of	O
IgA	B-PRGE
against	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
was	O
higher	O
in	O
piglets	O
of	O
sows	O
in	O
the	O
oral	B-ANAT
group	O
,	O
compared	O
to	O
the	O
IM	O
group	O
.	O

The	O
attenuated	O
DR13	O
virus	B-SPEC
remained	O
safe	O
,	O
even	O
after	O
three	O
backpassages	O
in	O
piglets	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Emodin	B-CHED
blocks	O
the	O
SARS	B-PRGE
coronavirus	B-SPEC
spike	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
and	O
angiotensin	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
converting	I-PRGE
enzyme	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
interaction	O
.	O

To	O
achieve	O
a	O
PRV	B-DISO
genome	O
-	O
based	O
virus	B-SPEC
live	O
vector	O
,	O
aiming	O
at	O
further	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
/	O
PRV	B-DISO
bivalent	O
vaccine	O
development	B-PROC
,	O
a	O
recombinant	O
plasmid	O
pUG	O
was	O
constructed	O
via	O
inserting	O
partial	O
PK	O
and	O
full	O
-	O
length	O
gG	O
genes	O
of	O
PRV	B-DISO
strain	O
Bartha	O
K	O
-	O
61	O
amplified	O
into	O
pUC119	O
vector	O
.	O

In	O
parallel	O
,	O
another	O
recombinant	O
pHS	B-DISO
was	O
generated	O
by	O
introducing	O
a	O
fragment	O
designated	O
S1	O
encoding	O
the	O
major	O
antigen	B-CHED
sites	O
of	O
S	B-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
from	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
strain	O
TH	O
-	O
98	O
into	O
a	O
prokaryotic	O
expression	B-PROC
vector	O
pP	O
(	O
RO	O
)	O
EX	O
HTc	O
.	O

The	O
SV40	O
polyA	O
sequence	O
was	O
then	O
inserted	O
into	O
the	O
downstream	O
of	O
S1	O
fragment	O
of	O
pHS	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Emerging	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
outbreaks	O
:	O
old	O
lessons	O
and	O
new	O
challenges	O
for	O
obstetrician	O
-	O
gynecologists	O
.	O

The	O
MHV	B-PRGE
type	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
(	O
MHV	B-SPEC
-	O
2	O
)	O
strain	O
of	O
murine	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
differs	O
from	O
other	O
strains	O
in	O
that	O
it	O
expresses	O
an	O
uncleaved	O
spike	O
and	O
cannot	O
induce	O
cell	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
cell	B-COMP
fusion	I-PROC
at	O
neutral	O
pH	O
values	O
.	O

By	O
use	O
of	O
an	O
A59	O
/	O
MHV	B-SPEC
-	O
2	O
chimeric	O
virus	B-SPEC
,	O
the	O
susceptibility	O
to	O
lysosomotropic	O
agents	O
is	O
mapped	O
to	O
the	O
MHV	B-SPEC
-	O
2	O
spike	O
,	O
suggesting	O
a	O
requirement	O
of	O
acidification	B-PROC
of	O
endosomes	O
for	O
MHV	B-SPEC
-	O
2	O
spike	O
-	O
mediated	O
entry	O
.	O

Samples	O
from	O
56	O
healthy	O
blood	B-ANAT
donors	O
were	O
also	O
detected	O
as	O
healthy	O
controls	O
.	O

A	O
rapid	O
restoration	O
in	O
T	B-ANAT
-	I-ANAT
lymphocyte	I-ANAT
subsets	I-ANAT
was	O
observed	O
during	O
a	O
short	O
period	O
after	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

Total	O
lymphocytes	B-ANAT
,	O
T	B-PRGE
lymphocyte	I-PRGE
,	I-PRGE
CD4	I-PRGE
+	I-PRGE
T	I-PRGE
and	O
naive	O
CD4	B-PRGE
+	O
T	B-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
were	O
still	O
significantly	O
lower	O
than	O
the	O
normal	O
levels	O
even	O
one	O
year	O
after	O
disease	O
onset	O
.	O

Comparison	O
of	O
the	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
NoRSs	O
with	O
known	O
cellular	B-COMP
and	O
other	O
viral	O
NoRSs	O
revealed	O
that	O
these	O
motifs	O
have	O
conserved	O
arginine	B-CHED
residues	O
.	O

There	O
are	O
many	O
causative	O
agents	O
of	O
acute	O
viral	O
respiratory	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
;	O
and	O
it	O
is	O
rather	O
difficult	O
to	O
identify	O
the	O
relevant	O
agent	O
in	O
a	O
given	O
case	O
by	O
rapid	O
clinical	O
means	O
.	O

On	O
the	O
basis	O
of	O
alpha1	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
antitrypsin	I-PRGE
deficiency	O
and	O
UC	O
,	O
the	O
present	O
patient	O
likely	O
developed	O
severe	O
systemic	O
vasculitis	B-DISO
with	O
multi	O
-	O
organ	B-ANAT
involvement	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Study	O
of	O
automatic	O
enhancement	O
for	O
chest	B-ANAT
radiograph	O
.	O

A	O
young	O
patient	O
was	O
admitted	O
in	O
our	O
clinic	O
with	O
critical	O
condition	B-DISO
without	O
any	O
significant	O
previous	O
medical	O
history	O
.	O

Physical	O
examination	O
showed	O
a	O
normally	O
-	O
developed	O
,	O
well	O
-	O
nourished	O
female	O
in	O
severe	O
distress	O
with	O
an	O
extremely	O
distended	O
abdomen	B-ANAT
.	O

Functional	O
study	O
revealed	O
that	O
overexpression	B-PROC
of	O
SARS	B-PRGE
8b	I-PRGE
induced	O
DNA	B-PROC
synthesis	I-PROC
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
A	O
total	O
of	O
seven	O
placentas	B-ANAT
were	O
studied	O
.	O

Various	O
risk	O
factors	O
for	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
osteonecrosis	B-DISO
were	O
assessed	O
using	O
receiver	O
operating	O
characteristics	O
curve	O
comparison	O
with	O
appropriate	O
test	O
statistics	O
and	O
Spearman	O
'	O
s	O
coefficients	O
of	O
rank	O
correlation	O
with	O
biochemical	O
bone	B-ANAT
markers	O
.	O

A	O
total	O
corticosteroid	B-CHED
dosage	O
of	O
>	O
1900	O
mg	O
hydrocortisone	B-CHED
,	O
>	O
2000	O
mg	O
methylprednisolone	B-CHED
,	O
>	O
13	O
340	O
mg	O
hydrocortisone	B-CHED
-	O
equivalent	O
corticosteroid	B-CHED
therapy	O
,	O
and	O
>	O
18	O
days	O
on	O
corticosteroid	B-CHED
therapy	O
were	O
found	O
to	O
be	O
significant	O
risk	O
factors	O
for	O
the	O
subsequent	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
osteonecrosis	B-DISO
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Biochemical	O
markers	O
of	O
bone	B-PROC
metabolism	B-PROC
showed	O
significant	O
bone	B-PROC
resorption	B-PROC
as	O
evidenced	O
by	O
a	O
marked	O
increase	O
in	O
serum	B-COMP
C	O
-	O
terminal	O
telopeptide	O
concentration	O
(	O
CTx	B-DISO
)	O
from	O
Day	O
28	O
-	O
44	O
after	O
the	O
onset	O
of	O
fever	B-PROC
.	O

These	O
two	O
genes	O
encode	O
RNA	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
dependent	I-PRGE
RNA	I-PRGE
polymerase	I-PRGE
(	O
RDRP	B-FUNC
)	O
and	O
envelope	B-PRGE
E	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
.	O

The	O
RDRP	B-FUNC
and	O
envelope	B-PRGE
E	I-PRGE
genes	I-PRGE
,	O
based	O
on	O
published	O
sequences	O
,	O
have	O
been	O
synthesized	O
and	O
cloned	O
into	O
mammalian	B-SPEC
expression	B-PROC
vectors	O
.	O

In	O
addition	O
,	O
four	O
siRNA	O
sites	O
for	O
the	O
RDRP	B-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
and	O
two	O
siRNA	O
sites	O
for	O
envelope	B-PRGE
E	I-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
were	O
designed	O
and	O
tested	O
.	O

Furthermore	O
,	O
these	O
molecules	O
could	O
potentially	O
be	O
developed	O
into	O
therapeutic	O
agents	O
for	O
the	O
treatment	O
of	O
patients	O
with	O
SARS	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
A	O
patient	O
with	O
asymptomatic	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
and	O
antigenemia	O
from	O
the	O
2003	O
-	O
2004	O
community	O
outbreak	O
of	O
SARS	O
in	O
Guangzhou	O
,	O
China	O
.	O

Epidemiological	O
information	O
and	O
laboratory	O
findings	O
suggested	O
that	O
the	O
findings	O
for	O
the	O
patient	O
with	O
asymptomatic	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
,	O
together	O
with	O
the	O
findings	O
from	O
previously	O
reported	O
serological	O
analyses	O
of	O
handlers	O
of	O
wild	O
animals	B-SPEC
and	O
the	O
4	O
index	O
case	O
patients	O
from	O
the	O
2004	O
community	O
outbreak	O
,	O
reflected	O
a	O
likely	O
intermediate	O
phase	O
of	O
animal	B-SPEC
-	O
to	O
-	O
human	O
transmission	O
of	O
infection	B-DISO
,	O
rather	O
than	O
a	O
case	O
of	O
human	B-SPEC
-	O
to	O
-	O
human	B-SPEC
transmission	O
.	O

Nasopharyngeal	B-ANAT
swabs	O
were	O
processed	O
for	O
study	O
of	O
respiratory	O
viruses	B-SPEC
through	O
antigen	B-CHED
detection	O
by	O
indirect	O
immunofluorescence	O
assay	O
,	O
isolation	O
of	O
viruses	B-SPEC
in	O
cell	B-COMP
culture	O
and	O
detection	O
of	O
nucleic	B-CHED
acids	I-CHED
by	O
two	O
independent	O
multiplex	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
assays	O
.	O

Serology	O
detected	O
6	O
viruses	B-SPEC
,	O
immunofluorescence	O
8	O
,	O
viral	O
culture	O
12	O
,	O
and	O
PCR	O
45	O
.	O

For	O
the	O
viruses	B-SPEC
that	O
could	O
be	O
diagnosed	O
with	O
conventional	O
methods	O
,	O
the	O
sensitivity	O
and	O
specificity	O
of	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
was	O
85	O
%	O
and	O
92	O
%,	O
respectively	O
.	O

They	O
were	O
generally	O
inactive	O
in	O
these	O
antiviral	B-CHED
assay	O
systems	O
(	O
at	O
concentrations	O
up	O
to	O
100	O
microg	O
/	O
mL	O
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Plasma	B-ANAT
glucose	B-CHED
levels	O
and	O
diabetes	B-DISO
are	O
independent	O
predictors	O
for	O
mortality	O
and	O
morbidity	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
SARS	O
.	O

Before	O
steroid	B-CHED
treatment	O
,	O
the	O
mean	O
FPG	O
level	O
was	O
significantly	O
higher	O
in	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
group	O
(	O
deceased	B-PROC
vs	O
.	O
survivors	O
vs	O
.	O
non	O
-	O
SARS	B-DISO
pneumonia	B-DISO
group	O
:	O
9	O
.	O
7	O
+/-	O
5	O
.	O
2	O
vs	O
.	O
6	O
.	O
5	O
+/-	O
3	O
.	O
0	O
vs	O
.	O
5	O
.	O
1	O
+/-	O

For	O
example	O
,	O
infliximab	O
,	O
a	O
monoclonal	O
TNF	B-PRGE
antibody	I-PRGE
,	O
was	O
experimentally	O
tested	O
in	O
rats	B-SPEC
and	O
it	O
was	O
found	O
to	O
significantly	O
reduce	O
the	O
pathologic	O
score	O
and	O
serum	B-COMP
amylase	B-FUNC
activity	I-FUNC
and	O
also	O
to	O
alleviate	O
alveolar	B-DISO
edema	I-DISO
and	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
;	O
however	O
,	O
no	O
studies	O
are	O
available	O
in	O
clinical	O
human	B-SPEC
acute	B-DISO
pancreatitis	I-DISO
.	O

Thus	O
,	O
the	O
main	O
problem	O
in	O
acute	B-DISO
pancreatitis	I-DISO
,	O
especially	O
in	O
the	O
severe	O
form	O
of	O
the	O
disease	O
,	O
is	O
the	O
difficulty	O
of	O
planning	O
clinical	O
studies	O
capable	O
of	O
giving	O
reliable	O
statistically	O
significant	O
answers	O
regarding	O
the	O
benefits	O
of	O
the	O
various	O
proposed	O
therapeutic	O
agents	O
previously	O
tested	O
in	O
experimental	O
settings	O
.	O

Microarray	O
analysis	O
was	O
applied	O
to	O
assess	O
changes	O
in	O
cellular	B-COMP
expression	B-PROC
profiles	O
during	O
different	O
stages	O
of	O
two	O
independent	O
,	O
highly	O
controlled	O
murine	B-DISO
hepatitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
MHV	B-SPEC
)	O
infections	B-DISO
in	O
vitro	O
.	O

Total	O
RNA	O
was	O
harvested	O
from	O
MHV	B-SPEC
-	O
or	O
mock	O
-	O
infected	O
L	O
cells	B-COMP
at	O
3	O
,	O
5	O
and	O
6	O
h	O
post	O
-	O
infection	B-DISO
and	O
hybridized	O
to	O
Affymetrix	O
microarrays	O
representing	O
approximately	O
12	O
,	O
500	O
murine	B-SPEC
genes	O
and	O
expressed	B-PROC
sequences	O
.	O

Possibly	O
,	O
the	O
interferon	B-PRGE
response	O
is	O
actively	O
counteracted	O
by	O
a	O
virus	B-SPEC
-	O
encoded	O
antagonist	B-PROC
as	O
has	O
been	O
described	O
previously	O
for	O
other	O
RNA	O
viruses	B-SPEC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
ascertain	O
the	O
prevalence	O
of	O
subclinical	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
-	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
infection	B-DISO
and	O
study	O
the	O
transmission	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
in	O
a	O
local	O
outbreak	O
at	O
a	O
residential	O
care	O
home	O
for	O
the	O
elderly	O
.	O

Among	O
the	O
90	O
eligible	O
residents	O
,	O
three	O
died	B-PROC
,	O
one	O
moved	O
out	O
,	O
and	O
19	O
refused	O
to	O
participate	O
.	O

None	O
of	O
the	O
remaining	O
93	O
participants	O
tested	O
positive	O
for	O
antibody	O
to	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
.	O
Based	O
on	O
the	O
chronological	O
order	B-SPEC
,	O
resident	O
A	O
might	O
have	O
transmitted	B-DISO
infection	B-DISO
to	O
resident	O
B	O
and	O
staff	O
C	O
.	O
Sitting	O
close	O
to	O
the	O
bathroom	O
doorway	O
while	O
resident	O
A	O
took	O
a	O
shower	O
was	O
the	O
only	O
contact	O
of	O
resident	O
B	O
with	O
resident	O
A	O
.	O
The	O
only	O
opportunity	O
for	O
staff	O
C	O
to	O
have	O
contact	O
with	O
body	B-ANAT
fluids	I-ANAT
/	O
excreta	O
of	O
resident	O
A	O
was	O
in	O
the	O
handling	O
of	O
rubbish	O
from	O
the	O
resident	O
'	O
s	O
room	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Among	O
the	O
90	O
eligible	O
residents	O
,	O
three	O
died	B-PROC
,	O
one	O
moved	O
out	O
,	O
and	O
19	O
refused	O
to	O
participate	O
.	O

None	O
of	O
the	O
remaining	O
93	O
participants	O
tested	O
positive	O
for	O
antibody	B-COMP
to	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
.	O
Based	O
on	O
the	O
chronological	O
order	B-SPEC
,	O
resident	O
A	O
might	O
have	O
transmitted	B-DISO
infection	B-DISO
to	O
resident	O
B	O
and	O
staff	O
C	O
.	O
Sitting	O
close	O
to	O
the	O
bathroom	O
doorway	O
while	O
resident	O
A	O
took	O
a	O
shower	O
was	O
the	O
only	O
contact	O
of	O
resident	O
B	O
with	O
resident	O
A	O
.	O
The	O
only	O
opportunity	O
for	O
staff	O
C	O
to	O
have	O
contact	O
with	O
body	B-ANAT
fluids	I-ANAT
/	O
excreta	O
of	O
resident	O
A	O
was	O
in	O
the	O
handling	O
of	O
rubbish	O
from	O
the	O
resident	O
'	O
s	O
room	O
.	O

Laboratory	O
testing	O
identified	O
influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
for	O
44	O
%;	O
sequence	O
analysis	O
demonstrated	O
that	O
these	O
were	O
Fujian	O
-	O
like	O
influenza	B-DISO
strains	O
,	O
which	O
represented	O
the	O
predominant	O
strain	O
found	O
globally	O
in	O
2003	O
/	O
2004	O
.	O

The	O
data	O
was	O
divided	O
into	O
three	O
periods	B-PROC
:	O
(	O
1	O
)	O
before	O
PPE	B-CHED
was	O
instituted	O
from	O
1	O
November	O
2002	O
to	O
31	O
March	O
2003	O
;	O
(	O
2	O
)	O
during	O
SARS	B-DISO
(	O
when	O
PPE	B-CHED
use	O
was	O
mandatory	O
)	O
from	O
1	O
April	O
to	O
31	O
July	O
2003	O
;	O
(	O
3	O
)	O
post	O
-	O
SARs	B-DISO
(	O
when	O
PPE	B-CHED
use	O
was	O
non	O
-	O
mandatory	O
but	O
encouraged	O
)	O
from	O
1	O
August	O
to	O
31	O
March	O
2004	O
.	O

There	O
was	O
no	O
change	O
in	O
patient	O
demographics	O
during	O
the	O
three	O
periods	B-PROC
.	O

There	O
were	O
significant	O
increases	O
in	O
the	O
proportion	O
of	O
resuscitation	O
cases	O
and	O
airway	O
interventions	O
during	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
period	O
compared	O
to	O
the	O
pre	O
-	O
SARS	B-DISO
period	O
.	O

The	O
DNA	O
hybridization	B-PROC
sensor	O
is	O
designed	O
immobilizing	O
the	O
complementary	O
probe	O
on	O
the	O
pre	O
-	O
treated	O
electrode	O
surface	O
and	O
,	O
then	O
,	O
the	O
hybridization	B-PROC
reaction	O
takes	O
place	O
with	O
the	O
gold	B-CHED
labeled	O
strand	O
.	O

For	O
the	O
discrimination	O
of	O
a	O
single	O
-	O
base	O
mismatch	O
,	O
is	O
needed	O
to	O
use	O
stringent	O
conditions	O
(	O
50	O
%	O
of	O
formamide	B-CHED
in	O
the	O
hybridization	B-PROC
buffer	B-CHED
).	O

It	O
contains	O
two	O
heptad	O
repeat	O
regions	O
,	O
denoted	O
HRN	B-CHED
and	O
HRC	O
.	O

Our	O
results	O
show	O
that	O
the	O
binding	B-FUNC
of	O
the	O
HRC	O
analogs	O
to	O
HRN	B-CHED
does	O
not	O
correlate	O
with	O
the	O
coiled	O
-	O
coil	O
stability	O
of	O
the	O
HRC	O
analogs	O
,	O
but	O
their	O
interactions	O
with	O
HRC	O
does	O
correlate	O
with	O
their	O
stability	O
,	O
except	O
for	O
HRC7	O
.	O

For	O
example	O
,	O
our	O
study	O
shows	O
the	O
important	O
role	O
of	O
alpha	O
-	O
helical	O
structure	O
in	O
the	O
formation	B-PROC
of	O
the	O
six	O
-	O
helix	O
bundle	O
where	O
the	O
lactam	B-CHED
bridge	O
constrained	O
analog	O
(	O
HRC5	O
)	O
provided	O
the	O
best	O
interaction	O
with	O
HRN	B-CHED
.	O

Detection	O
of	O
cognitive	O
abnormalities	O
in	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
survivors	O
using	O
a	O
telephone	O
-	O
administered	O
test	O
battery	O
derived	O
from	O
standard	O
cognitive	O
tests	O
is	O
feasible	O
and	O
has	O
evidence	O
of	O
construct	O
validity	O
.	O

Subjects	O
with	O
cognitive	B-DISO
impairment	I-DISO
had	O
no	O
detectable	O
difference	O
in	O
the	O
physical	O
function	O
domains	O
of	O
the	O
Short	O
Form	O
36	O
.	O

When	O
administered	O
to	O
the	O
validation	O
population	O
,	O
telephone	O
tests	O
of	O
memory	B-PROC
,	O
attention	O
,	O
reasoning	O
,	O
and	O
executive	O
functions	O
had	O
good	O
intraclass	O
correlation	O
with	O
the	O
in	O
-	O
face	B-DISO
interviews	O
(	O
P	O
<	O
.	O
01	O
).	O

In	O
addition	O
,	O
we	O
have	O
demonstrated	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
Oct	O
-	O
4	O
+	O
long	O
-	O
term	O
BrdU	B-CHED
label	B-CHED
-	O
retaining	O
cells	B-COMP
at	O
the	O
bronchoalveolar	O
junction	O
of	O
neonatal	O
lung	B-ANAT
,	O
providing	O
a	O
link	O
between	O
the	O
Oct	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
4	I-PRGE
+	I-PRGE
cells	B-COMP
in	O
vivo	O
and	O
in	O
vitro	O
and	O
strengthening	O
their	O
identity	O
as	O
putative	O
neonatal	O
lung	B-ANAT
stem	B-ANAT
/	O
progenitor	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
X	O
-	O
ray	B-SPEC
structures	O
of	O
the	O
N	O
-	O
and	O
C	O
-	O
terminal	O
domains	O
of	O
a	O
coronavirus	B-PRGE
nucleocapsid	B-COMP
protein	B-CHED
:	O
implications	O
for	O
nucleocapsid	O
formation	B-PROC
.	O

We	O
describe	O
the	O
structure	O
of	O
the	O
two	O
proteolytically	O
resistant	O
domains	O
of	O
the	O
N	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
from	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
IBV	B-SPEC
),	O
a	O
prototype	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Novel	O
mfgl2	O
antisense	O
plasmid	O
inhibits	O
murine	B-SPEC
fgl2	B-PRGE
expression	B-PROC
and	O
ameliorates	O
murine	B-SPEC
hepatitis	I-DISO
virus	O
type	O
3	O
-	O
induced	O
fulminant	B-DISO
hepatitis	I-DISO
in	O
BALB	O
/	O
cJ	O
mice	B-SPEC
.	O

The	O
appearance	O
of	O
a	O
case	O
of	O
FIP	B-DISO
in	O
the	O
cattery	O
was	O
associated	O
with	O
an	O
increased	O
expression	B-PROC
of	O
cytokines	O
,	O
in	O
particular	O
there	O
was	O
an	O
increased	O
production	O
of	O
IL	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
1beta	I-PRGE
and	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
gamma	I-PRGE
,	O
suggesting	O
that	O
these	O
cytokines	O
might	O
protect	O
infected	O
cats	O
from	O
the	O
disease	O
.	O

Among	O
the	O
401	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
studied	O
,	O
147	O
of	O
249	O
noncritical	O
patients	O
(	O
59	O
.	O
0	O
%)	O
received	O
corticosteroids	B-CHED
(	O
mean	O
daily	O
dose	O
,	O
105	O
.	O
3	O
+/-	O

However	O
,	O
when	O
focused	O
on	O
152	O
critical	O
SARS	B-DISO
cases	O
,	O
factors	O
correlated	O
with	O
these	O
end	O
points	O
indicated	O
by	O
univariate	O
analysis	O
included	O
use	O
of	O
corticosteroid	B-CHED
,	O
age	O
,	O
rigor	B-DISO
at	O
onset	O
,	O
secondary	O
respiratory	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
,	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
rales	B-DISO
,	O
grading	O
of	O
OI	O
,	O
and	O
use	O
of	O
invasive	O
ventilation	O
.	O

This	O
Guangzhou	O
retrospective	O
study	O
revealed	O
that	O
proper	O
use	O
of	O
corticosteroid	B-CHED
in	O
confirmed	O
critical	O
SARS	B-DISO
resulted	O
in	O
lowered	O
mortality	O
and	O
shorter	O
hospitalization	O
stay	O
,	O
and	O
was	O
not	O
associated	O
with	O
significant	O
secondary	O
lower	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
and	O
other	O
complications	O
.	O

Incidence	O
of	O
complications	O
was	O
significantly	O
associated	O
with	O
the	O
need	O
for	O
invasive	O
ventilation	O
but	O
not	O
with	O
use	O
of	O
corticosteroids	B-CHED
.	O

Strict	O
defense	O
and	O
antisepsis	O
measures	O
were	O
pivotal	O
in	O
preventing	O
SARS	B-DISO
infection	B-DISO
among	O
high	O
-	O
risk	O
medical	O
personnel	O
.	O

The	O
drug	O
-	O
induced	O
lymphocyte	B-ANAT
stimulating	O
test	O
results	O
indicated	O
170	O
%	O
of	O
oseltamivir	B-CHED
and	O
150	O
%	O
of	O
cefcapene	O
.	O

None	O
of	O
the	O
serum	B-COMP
specimens	O
collected	O
from	O
healthy	O
children	O
before	O
and	O
during	O
epidemic	O
in	O
Beijing	O
and	O
children	O
from	O
non	O
-	O
epidemic	O
region	O
was	O
positive	O
when	O
IFA	O
methods	O
and	O
ELISA	O
with	O
Beier	O
kits	O
were	O
used	O
for	O
detection	O
,	O
but	O
some	O
were	O
positive	O
when	O
ELISA	O
with	O
the	O
diagnostic	O
kit	B-FUNC
from	O
other	O
source	O
was	O
applied	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
A	O
synthetic	O
peptide	B-CHED
corresponding	O
to	O
amino	B-CHED
acids	I-CHED
(	O
aa	O
)	O
15	O
-	O
28	O
of	O
the	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
3a	O
protein	B-CHED
was	O
used	O
to	O
raise	O
polyclonal	O
antibodies	B-COMP
in	O
rabbits	B-SPEC
.	O

Interestingly	O
,	O
only	O
the	O
anti	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
3a	I-PRGE
N	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
terminal	I-PRGE
antibody	I-PRGE
can	O
inhibit	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
propagation	O
in	O
Vero	O
E6	O
culture	O
although	O
the	O
binding	B-FUNC
affinity	O
of	O
the	O
anti	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
3a	I-PRGE
N	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
terminal	I-PRGE
antibody	I-PRGE
was	O
lower	O
than	O
the	O
anti	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
3a	I-PRGE
C	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
terminal	I-PRGE
antibody	I-PRGE
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Systemic	O
activation	O
of	O
complement	O
is	O
a	O
pathophysiological	O
response	O
common	O
to	O
severe	O
disturbances	O
such	O
as	O
hemorrhagic	B-DISO
shock	I-DISO
,	O
major	O
burn	O
injury	O
and	O
sepsis	B-DISO
.	O

B	O
group	O
:	O
large	O
V	O
(	O
T	O
)	O
(	O
20	O
ml	O
/	O
kg	O
)	O
with	O
respiratory	O
rate	O
30	O
/	O
minutes	O
,	O
high	O
inspiratory	B-PROC
flow	O
20	O
ml	O
.	O
kg	O
(-	O
1	O
).	O
s	O
(-	O
1	O
).	O

D	O
group	O
:	O
large	O
V	O
(	O
T	O
)	O
(	O
20	O
ml	O
/	O
kg	O
)	O
with	O
respiratory	O
rate	O
15	O
/	O
minutes	O
,	O
low	O
inspiratory	B-PROC
flow	O
10	O
ml	O
.	O
kg	O
(-	O
1	O
).	O
s	O
(-	O
1	O
).	O

Lung	B-ANAT
wet	O
/	O
dry	O
weight	O
ratio	O
(	O
W	O
/	O
D	O
)	O
was	O
measured	O
.	O

NF	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
KappaB	I-PRGE
p65	B-PRGE
activity	O
in	O
B	O
group	O
[(	O
33	O
.	O
56	O
+/-	O
2	O
.	O
85	O
)%]	O
was	O
significantly	O
higher	O
than	O
that	O
of	O
A	O
[(	O
10	O
.	O
35	O
+/-	O
0	O
.	O
60	O
)%]	O
and	O
D	O
[(	O
10	O
.	O
79	O
+/-	O
1	O
.	O
02	O
)%]	O
groups	O
,	O
but	O
there	O
was	O
no	O
difference	O
between	O
B	O
and	O
C	O
[(	O
30	O
.	O
87	O
+/-	O
1	O
.	O
16	O
)%]	O
groups	O
.	O

The	O
remaining	O
44	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
constituted	O
the	O
non	O
-	O
serious	O
SARS	B-DISO
group	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
mortality	O
rate	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
sepsis	I-DISO
is	O
still	O
high	O
(	O
20	O
to	O
65	O
%)	O
despite	O
the	O
advances	O
in	O
critical	O
care	O
.	O

A	O
total	O
of	O
396	O
cleavage	B-PROC
points	O
are	O
found	O
in	O
the	O
36	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
Coronavirus	B-SPEC
and	O
11	O
cleavable	O
octapeptides	O
abstracted	O
from	O
the	O
396	O
cleavage	B-PROC
sites	O
.	O

Idiopathic	B-DISO
hypereosinophilic	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
had	O
been	O
diagnosed	O
in	O
1994	O
.	O

Despite	O
treatment	O
with	O
steroid	B-CHED
pulse	B-PROC
therapy	O
and	O
cytarabine	B-CHED
,	O
the	O
blood	B-ANAT
eosinophil	I-ANAT
count	O
did	O
not	O
decrease	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
patient	O
'	O
s	O
respiratory	O
condition	B-DISO
worsened	O
.	O

Although	O
very	O
safe	O
in	O
daily	O
use	O
,	O
complications	O
of	O
this	O
bowel	B-ANAT
-	O
cleansing	O
procedure	O
have	O
been	O
reported	O
and	O
aspiration	B-DISO
of	O
the	O
PEG	B-CHED
solution	O
is	O
a	O
possible	O
and	O
serious	O
hazard	O
.	O

A	O
case	O
report	O
is	O
presented	O
of	O
a	O
patient	O
who	O
aspirated	B-DISO
the	O
PEG	B-CHED
solution	O
and	O
ultimately	O
died	B-PROC
because	O
of	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
.	O

A	O
total	O
of	O
157	O
specimens	O
(	O
78	O
fecal	B-ANAT
and	O
79	O
intestinal	B-ANAT
samples	O
)	O
from	O
piglets	O
with	O
acute	B-DISO
gastroenteritis	I-DISO
were	O
collected	O
in	O
Korea	O
between	O
January	O
2004	O
and	O
May	O
2005	O
.	O

Coinfections	B-DISO
with	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
and	O
porcine	B-SPEC
GAR	B-FUNC
were	O
identified	O
in	O
16	O
farms	O
(	O
43	O
.	O
2	O
%).	O

Saikosaponins	O
represent	O
a	O
group	O
of	O
oleanane	O
derivatives	O
,	O
usually	O
as	O
glucosides	B-CHED
,	O
that	O
are	O
found	O
in	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
plant	B-SPEC
families	O
.	O

Comparisons	O
were	O
made	O
for	O
perinatal	O
survival	O
and	O
neonatal	O
morbidities	O
including	O
abnormalities	O
on	O
brain	B-ANAT
imaging	O
.	O

Neonatal	O
morbidities	O
including	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
,	O
chronic	B-DISO
lung	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
,	O
requirement	O
for	O
ventilatory	O
assistance	O
,	O
patent	B-DISO
ductus	I-DISO
arteriosus	I-DISO
,	O
hypotension	O
,	O
and	O
oliguric	O
renal	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
had	O
a	O
lower	O
incidence	O
in	O
the	O
laser	B-SPEC
group	O
.	O

Cardiac	B-ANAT
output	O
was	O
continuously	O
deteriorating	O
during	O
the	O
recruitment	B-DISO
manoeuvre	O
in	O
both	O
study	O
groups	O
(	O
HFOV	O
:	O
T	O
(	O
Ali	O
):	O
6	O
.	O
1	O
+/-	O

A	O
sustained	O
inflation	O
followed	O
by	O
an	O
incremental	O
mean	O
airway	B-ANAT
pressure	O
trial	O
in	O
HFOV	O
improved	O
oxygenation	B-PROC
at	O
a	O
lower	O
mPaw	O
than	O
during	O
conventional	O
lung	B-ANAT
protective	O
ventilation	O
.	O

In	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
a	O
novel	O
vaccine	O
against	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
was	O
developed	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
rAAV	O
delivery	O
system	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Generality	O
of	O
the	O
final	O
size	O
formula	O
for	O
an	O
epidemic	O
of	O
a	O
newly	O
invading	O
infectious	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
.	O

For	O
an	O
effective	O
immune	O
prophylaxis	O
in	O
humans	B-SPEC
,	O
broad	O
coverage	O
of	O
different	O
strains	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
and	O
control	O
of	O
potential	O
neutralization	O
escape	O
variants	O
will	O
be	O
required	O
.	O

In	O
vitro	O
experiments	O
confirmed	O
that	O
binding	B-FUNC
of	O
CR3014	O
to	O
a	O
recombinant	B-PRGE
S	I-PRGE
fragment	I-PRGE
(	I-PRGE
amino	I-PRGE
acid	I-PRGE
residues	I-PRGE
318	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
510	I-PRGE
)	I-PRGE
harboring	O
this	O
mutation	O
was	O
abolished	O
.	O

Conversely	O
,	O
the	O
M	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
expressed	B-PROC
in	O
mammalian	B-SPEC
cells	B-COMP
did	O
not	O
induce	O
apoptosis	B-PATH
.	O

We	O
examined	O
the	O
epidemiologic	O
and	O
clinical	O
factors	O
associated	O
with	O
death	B-PROC
for	O
all	O
laboratory	O
-	O
confirmed	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
in	O
Taiwan	O
.	O

Both	O
fatalities	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
73	O
;	O
21	O
.	O
1	O
%)	O
and	O
survivors	O
had	O
elevated	O
plasma	B-ANAT
concentration	O
of	O
initial	O
C	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
reactive	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
(	O
CRP	B-PRGE
),	O
but	O
the	O
mean	O
CRP	B-PRGE
concentration	O
was	O
higher	O
in	O
fatalities	O
(	O
47	O
.	O
7	O
+/-	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
Initial	O
neutrophil	B-ANAT
count	O
,	O
CRP	B-PRGE
and	O
LDH	B-PRGE
levels	O
are	O
important	O
predictors	O
of	O
mortality	O
from	O
SARS	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Bayesian	O
modelling	O
of	O
an	O
epidemic	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

The	O
infectivity	O
of	O
symptomatic	O
SARS	B-DISO
cases	O
in	O
hospital	O
and	O
in	O
the	O
community	O
was	O
estimated	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Hosting	O
the	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
:	O
specific	O
cell	B-COMP
factors	O
required	O
for	O
infection	O
.	O

As	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
Sino	O
-	O
European	O
Project	O
on	O
SARS	B-DISO
Diagnostics	O
and	O
Antivirals	B-CHED
(	O
SEPSDA	O
),	O
an	O
immune	O
phage	O
-	O
display	O
library	O
is	O
being	O
created	O
from	O
convalescent	O
patients	O
in	O
a	O
phagemid	O
system	O
for	O
the	O
selection	O
of	O
single	O
-	O
chain	O
fragment	O
variables	O
(	O
scFv	O
)	O
antibodies	B-COMP
recognizing	O
the	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
.	O

This	O
review	O
describes	O
the	O
basic	O
biology	O
of	O
VEGF	B-PRGE
and	O
its	O
receptors	O
as	O
an	O
essential	O
prerequisite	O
to	O
discussing	O
the	O
available	O
and	O
sometimes	O
paradoxical	O
published	O
data	O
,	O
before	O
considering	O
a	O
paradigm	O
for	O
the	O
role	O
of	O
VEGF	B-PRGE
in	O
the	O
human	B-SPEC
lung	B-ANAT
.	O

The	O
authors	O
compared	O
the	O
expected	O
influenza	B-DISO
-	O
related	O
hospitalizations	O
in	O
the	O
first	O
eight	O
weeks	O
of	O
a	O
mild	O
,	O
moderate	O
,	O
or	O
severe	O
pandemic	O
with	O
the	O
actual	O
reduction	O
in	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
hospital	O
admissions	O
in	O
Toronto	O
,	O
Ontario	O
,	O
during	O
the	O
first	O
eight	O
weeks	O
of	O
the	O
SARS	O
-	O
related	O
restrictions	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
in	O
a	O
naval	O
diver	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
the	O
mechanisms	O
of	O
establishment	O
of	O
persistent	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
are	O
still	O
unclear	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
severe	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
enters	O
cells	B-COMP
through	O
the	O
activities	O
of	O
a	O
spike	O
protein	B-CHED
(	O
S	O
)	O
which	O
has	O
receptor	O
-	O
binding	B-FUNC
(	O
S1	O
)	O
and	O
membrane	B-PROC
fusion	I-PROC
(	O
S2	O
)	O
regions	O
.	O

Lowered	O
pH	O
induces	O
an	O
irreversible	O
transition	B-DISO
from	O
flexible	O
,	O
L	O
-	O
shaped	O
S	O
-	O
e	O
monomers	O
to	O
clove	B-SPEC
-	O
shaped	O
trimers	O
.	O

The	O
pathogenic	O
phenotype	O
for	O
each	O
strain	O
is	O
determined	O
by	O
the	O
genetic	O
composition	O
of	O
the	O
viral	B-COMP
genome	I-COMP
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
the	O
host	B-COMP
immune	B-PROC
response	I-PROC
.	O

Using	O
another	O
set	O
of	O
isogenic	O
recombinant	O
viruses	B-SPEC
with	O
JHM	O
background	O
genes	O
expressing	O
either	O
the	O
JHM	O
or	O
A59	O
spike	O
,	O
we	O
have	O
further	O
investigated	O
the	O
roles	O
of	O
viral	O
genes	O
in	O
pathogenesis	O
.	O

Here	O
,	O
we	O
demonstrate	O
that	O
the	O
high	O
neurovirulence	O
of	O
JHM	O
is	O
associated	O
with	O
accelerated	O
spread	O
through	O
the	O
brain	B-ANAT
and	O
a	O
heightened	O
innate	B-DISO
immune	I-DISO
response	I-DISO
that	O
is	O
characterized	O
by	O
high	O
numbers	O
of	O
infiltrating	B-DISO
neutrophils	B-ANAT
and	O
macrophages	B-ANAT
,	O
suggesting	O
an	O
immunopathogenic	O
component	O
to	O
neurovirulence	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Comparative	O
analysis	O
of	O
22	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
HKU1	O
genomes	O
reveals	O
a	O
novel	O
genotype	O
and	O
evidence	O
of	O
natural	O
recombination	O
in	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
HKU1	O
.	O

Phylogenetic	O
analysis	O
of	O
24	O
putative	O
proteins	B-CHED
and	O
polypeptides	B-CHED
showed	O
that	O
the	O
22	O
CoV	O
HKU1	O
strains	O
fell	O
into	O
three	O
clusters	B-CHED
(	O
genotype	O
A	O
,	O
13	O
strains	O
;	O
genotype	O
B	O
,	O
3	O
strains	O
and	O
genotype	O
C	O
,	O
6	O
strains	O
).	O

After	O
the	O
mice	B-SPEC
had	O
been	O
immunized	O
intramuscularly	O
and	O
/	O
or	O
intraperitoneally	O
with	O
pcDNA3	O
.	O
1	O
-	O
N	O
and	O
rAd	O
-	O
N	O
in	O
prime	O
-	O
triple	O
boost	O
immunization	O
,	O
humoral	O
and	O
cellular	B-PROC
immune	I-PROC
responses	I-PROC
were	O
detected	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
All	O
coronaviruses	O
encode	O
a	O
small	O
hydrophobic	O
envelope	O
(	O
E	O
)	O
protein	B-CHED
,	O
which	O
mediates	O
viral	B-PROC
assembly	I-PROC
and	O
morphogenesis	B-PROC
by	O
an	O
unknown	O
mechanism	O
.	O

Here	O
,	O
we	O
show	O
that	O
the	O
host	B-PROC
response	I-PROC
to	O
a	O
single	O
JHMV	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
specific	I-PRGE
immunodominant	I-PRGE
CD4	I-PRGE
T	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
cell	I-PRGE
epitope	B-CHED
is	O
critical	O
for	O
severe	O
disease	O
.	O

All	O
the	O
specimens	O
were	O
detected	O
,	O
the	O
total	O
positive	O
rate	O
was	O
100	O
%;	O
the	O
sensitivity	O
of	O
the	O
method	O
was	O
10e2	O
(	O
pfu	B-CHED
/	O
ml	O
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Follow	O
up	O
study	O
on	O
viruses	B-SPEC
associated	O
with	O
SARS	B-DISO
among	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
].	O

No	O
positive	O
results	O
for	O
antibody	B-COMP
to	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
were	O
detected	O
in	O
the	O
25	O
healthy	O
persons	O
.	O

The	O
positive	O
rate	O
of	O
the	O
poliovirus	B-SPEC
antibody	B-COMP
in	O
the	O
serum	B-COMP
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
2	O
years	O
after	O
recovery	O
was	O
significantly	O
different	O
from	O
that	O
of	O
the	O
normal	O
controls	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
positive	O
rate	O
of	O
poliovirus	B-SPEC
in	O
the	O
fecal	B-ANAT
specimens	O
was	O
still	O
very	O
high	O
,	O
and	O
more	O
importantly	O
back	B-ANAT
mutations	O
have	O
occurred	O
in	O
the	O
attenuating	O
mutation	O
sites	O
at	O
nucleotide	B-CHED
position	O
which	O
plays	O
an	O
important	O
role	O
in	O
the	O
poliomyelitis	B-DISO
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
All	O
the	O
specimens	O
were	O
negative	O
for	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
and	O
reovirus	B-SPEC
by	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
,	O
but	O
the	O
fecal	B-ANAT
specimens	O
from	O
4	O
persons	O
were	O
positive	O
for	O
poliovirus	B-SPEC
.	O

Previously	O
we	O
have	O
shown	O
that	O
the	O
coronavirus	B-PRGE
nucleocapsid	B-COMP
protein	B-CHED
will	O
localize	O
to	O
the	O
nucleolus	B-COMP
.	O

In	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
using	O
the	O
avian	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
bronchitis	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
,	O
we	O
have	O
shown	O
that	O
virus	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
results	O
in	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
changes	O
to	O
the	O
nucleolus	B-COMP
both	O
in	O
terms	O
of	O
gross	O
morphology	O
and	O
protein	B-CHED
content	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
research	O
on	O
different	O
aspects	O
of	O
the	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
is	O
not	O
waning	O
,	O
as	O
it	O
is	O
not	O
known	O
if	O
this	O
virus	B-SPEC
will	O
re	O
-	O
emerge	O
,	O
especially	O
since	O
its	O
origins	O
and	O
potential	O
reservoir	O
(	O
s	O
)	O
are	O
unresolved	O
.	O

Any	O
organism	O
can	O
cause	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Association	O
of	O
SARS	B-PRGE
susceptibility	I-PRGE
with	O
single	O
nucleic	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
polymorphisms	B-PROC
of	O
OAS1	B-PRGE
and	O
MxA	B-PRGE
genes	I-PRGE
:	O
a	O
case	O
-	O
control	O
study	O
.	O

A	O
collective	O
of	O
66	O
SARS	B-DISO
cases	O
and	O
64	O
close	O
contact	O
uninfected	O
controls	O
were	O
enrolled	O
in	O
this	O
study	O
.	O

Information	O
on	O
other	O
factors	O
associated	O
with	O
SARS	B-DISO
infection	B-DISO
was	O
collected	O
using	O
a	O
pre	O
-	O
tested	O
questionnaire	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
investigate	O
the	O
influence	O
of	O
ambroxol	O
on	O
paraquat	B-CHED
poisoning	O
induced	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
tissue	I-ANAT
injury	O
and	O
the	O
change	O
of	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
surfactant	B-CHED
associated	O
protein	B-CHED
A	O
in	O
the	O
experimental	O
rats	B-SPEC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Survey	O
of	O
dogs	B-SPEC
in	O
Japan	O
for	O
group	O
2	O
canine	O
coronavirus	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
.	O

Intentions	O
and	O
attitudes	O
toward	O
SARS	B-DISO
patient	O
care	O
among	O
Korean	O
clinical	O
nurses	O
were	O
moderate	O
,	O
but	O
their	O
subjective	O
norm	O
and	O
perceive	O
behavioral	O
control	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
care	O
were	O
negative	O
.	O

Nurses	O
were	O
in	O
conflicts	O
between	O
professional	O
responsibilities	O
to	O
care	O
for	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
and	O
personal	O
safety	O
.	O

Under	O
the	O
circumstance	O
where	O
several	O
fatal	O
communicable	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
are	O
predictable	O
,	O
conflicts	O
between	O
professional	O
responsibility	O
and	O
their	O
personal	O
risks	O
should	O
be	O
taken	O
into	O
considerations	O
by	O
nurses	O
themselves	O
and	O
by	O
nursing	B-PROC
administrators	O
in	O
order	B-SPEC
to	O
improve	O
quality	O
of	O
care	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Emergency	B-DISO
infection	B-DISO
control	O
measures	O
are	O
essential	O
in	O
hospitals	O
.	O

The	O
objective	O
of	O
this	O
study	O
was	O
to	O
assess	O
the	O
level	O
of	O
preparedness	O
of	O
emergency	B-DISO
infection	B-DISO
control	O
measures	O
in	O
Japan	O
and	O
to	O
quantify	O
the	O
differences	O
in	O
preparedness	O
across	O
institutions	O
and	O
disciplines	O
.	O

From	O
July	O
to	O
September	O
2003	O
,	O
a	O
questionnaire	O
survey	O
concerning	O
the	O
perceptions	O
of	O
risks	O
and	O
countermeasures	O
and	O
knowledge	O
about	O
SARS	B-DISO
was	O
distributed	O
at	O
seven	O
tertiary	O
hospitals	O
.	O

The	O
article	O
ends	O
with	O
a	O
discussion	O
of	O
how	O
practice	O
and	O
regulations	O
have	O
changed	O
in	O
Canada	O
since	O
SARS	B-DISO
and	O
some	O
suggestions	O
on	O
how	O
practice	O
or	O
regulations	O
could	O
further	O
improve	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
emerging	O
disease	O
SARS	O
is	O
caused	O
by	O
a	O
novel	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
that	O
encodes	O
several	O
unusual	O
RNA	O
-	O
processing	O
enzymes	O
,	O
including	O
non	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
structural	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
15	I-PRGE
(	O
Nsp15	O
),	O
a	O
hexameric	O
endoribonuclease	O
that	O
preferentially	O
cleaves	O
at	O
uridine	B-CHED
residues	O
.	O

A	O
two	O
-	O
dimensional	O
crystal	B-ANAT
of	O
Nsp15	O
in	O
complex	O
with	O
RNA	O
showed	O
that	O
at	O
least	O
two	O
RNA	O
molecules	O
could	O
be	O
bound	O
per	O
hexamer	O
.	O

Eighty	O
-	O
nine	O
per	O
cent	O
had	O
exposures	O
to	O
7	O
wards	O
which	O
had	O
cases	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
that	O
were	O
not	O
isolated	O
on	O
admission	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
SARS	B-DISO
in	O
Singapore	O
--	O
predictors	O
of	O
disease	O
severity	O
.	O

Advanced	O
age	O
,	O
neutrophilia	O
and	O
high	O
LDH	B-PRGE
predict	O
poor	O
outcomes	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
SARS	B-DISO
.	O

On	O
admission	O
,	O
21	O
%	O
had	O
leukopenia	B-DISO
,	O
18	O
%	O
had	O
thrombocytopaenia	O
,	O
29	O
%	O
had	O
hyponatraemia	O
,	O
31	O
%	O
had	O
hypokalaemia	O
,	O
21	O
%	O
had	O
transaminitis	O
.	O

Overall	O
,	O
12	O
%	O
of	O
the	O
patients	O
were	O
probable	O
SARS	B-DISO
with	O
atypical	O
presentations	O
.	O

Patients	O
infected	O
with	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
had	O
a	O
wide	O
clinical	O
presentation	O
with	O
non	O
-	O
specific	O
symptoms	O
.	O

Chest	B-ANAT
radiographic	O
appearances	O
have	O
been	O
reported	O
as	O
non	O
-	O
specific	O
,	O
ranging	O
from	O
normal	O
to	O
peribronchial	O
thickening	O
and	O
ill	B-DISO
-	O
defined	O
airspace	O
shadowing	O
.	O

This	O
study	O
is	O
a	O
retrospective	O
review	O
of	O
chest	B-ANAT
radiographic	O
findings	O
in	O
children	O
with	O
suspected	O
and	O
probable	O
SARS	B-DISO
during	O
the	O
2003	O
outbreak	O
in	O
Singapore	O
.	O

Subsequently	O
,	O
we	O
identified	O
the	O
radiographs	O
of	O
patients	O
who	O
were	O
categorised	O
as	O
suspected	O
or	O
probable	O
SARS	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
abnormalities	O
had	O
a	O
predominantly	O
lower	O
zone	O
distribution	O
on	O
chest	B-ANAT
radiographs	O
,	O
followed	O
by	O
mid	O
-	O
zone	O
involvement	O
.	O

In	O
children	O
,	O
SARS	B-DISO
appears	O
to	O
have	O
a	O
relatively	O
mild	O
and	O
nonspecific	O
pattern	O
of	O
respiratory	O
illness	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
rapid	O
containment	O
of	O
the	O
Singapore	O
severe	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
outbreak	O
in	O
2003	O
involved	O
the	O
introduction	O
of	O
several	O
stringent	O
control	O
measures	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Severe	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
emerged	O
in	O
a	O
world	O
where	O
information	O
about	O
infectious	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
outbreaks	O
travels	O
at	O
speeds	O
and	O
in	O
ways	O
not	O
imagined	O
just	O
30	O
years	O
ago	O
,	O
and	O
where	O
scientists	O
are	O
increasingly	O
working	O
together	O
on	O
detecting	O
and	O
responding	O
to	O
public	O
health	O
events	O
that	O
threaten	O
international	O
public	O
health	O
and	O
economic	O
security	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Following	O
the	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
outbreak	O
in	O
2003	O
,	O
a	O
large	O
number	O
of	O
clinical	O
and	O
environmental	B-SPEC
samples	I-SPEC
containing	O
/	O
potentially	O
containing	O
SARS	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARSCoV	O
)	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
stocks	O
were	O
retained	O
in	O
clinical	O
and	O
research	O
laboratories	O
.	O

It	O
is	O
imperative	O
that	O
safe	O
practice	O
and	O
techniques	O
,	O
safety	O
equipment	O
and	O
appropriate	O
facility	O
design	O
should	O
be	O
in	O
place	O
to	O
reduce	O
or	O
eliminate	O
exposure	O
of	O
laboratory	O
workers	O
,	O
other	O
persons	O
and	O
the	O
outside	O
environment	O
to	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
containing	O
materials	O
.	O

It	O
was	O
agreed	O
that	O
an	O
inventory	O
of	O
all	O
specimens	O
with	O
the	O
potential	O
presence	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
collected	O
for	O
any	O
diagnostic	O
or	O
research	O
purposes	O
from	O
November	O
2002	O
to	O
July	O
2003	O
should	O
be	O
established	O
in	O
each	O
laboratory	O
.	O

A	O
contingency	O
plan	B-DISO
should	O
be	O
in	O
place	O
in	O
the	O
laboratory	O
and	O
a	O
drill	B-SPEC
conducted	O
regularly	O
to	O
test	O
its	O
efficacy	O
.	O

No	O
other	O
disease	O
had	O
had	O
such	O
a	O
phenomenal	O
impact	O
on	O
healthcare	O
workers	O
(	O
HCWs	O
),	O
who	O
formed	O
about	O
21	O
%	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
.	O

At	O
the	O
beginning	O
of	O
the	O
outbreak	O
,	O
there	O
was	O
practically	O
no	O
information	O
on	O
this	O
disease	O
,	O
which	O
did	O
not	O
even	O
have	O
a	O
name	B-SPEC
until	O
16	O
March	O
2003	O
,	O
except	O
that	O
it	O
was	O
infectious	B-DISO
and	O
could	O
result	O
in	O
potentially	O
fatal	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Photochemical	O
treatment	O
of	O
plasma	B-ANAT
with	O
amotosalen	O
and	O
long	O
-	O
wavelength	O
ultraviolet	O
light	O
inactivates	O
pathogens	O
while	O
retaining	O
coagulation	O
function	O
.	O

Jumbo	O
(	O
600	O
mL	O
)	O
plasma	B-ANAT
units	O
were	O
inoculated	O
with	O
high	O
titers	O
of	O
test	O
pathogens	O
and	O
treated	O
with	O
150	O
micromol	O
per	O
L	O
amotosalen	O
and	O
3	O
J	O
per	O
cm	O
(	O
2	O
)	O
long	O
-	O
wavelength	O
ultraviolet	O
light	O
.	O

The	O
more	O
recent	O
design	O
of	O
wide	O
-	O
spectrum	O
inhibitors	B-CHED
targeting	B-PROC
the	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
main	O
proteases	O
may	O
lead	O
to	O
the	O
discovery	O
of	O
new	O
antivirals	B-CHED
against	O
multiple	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
induced	O
diseases	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SCoV	O
)	O
7a	O
protein	B-CHED
is	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
viral	O
accessory	O
proteins	B-CHED
.	O

In	O
expressing	O
cells	B-COMP
,	O
7a	O
protein	B-CHED
exhibits	O
a	O
variety	O
of	O
biological	O
activities	O
,	O
including	O
induction	B-PROC
of	I-PROC
apoptosis	I-PROC
,	O
activation	O
of	O
the	O
mitogen	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
activated	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
kinase	I-PRGE
signaling	B-PROC
pathway	I-PROC
,	O
inhibition	B-PROC
of	O
host	B-COMP
protein	B-PROC
translation	B-PROC
,	O
and	O
suppression	B-DISO
of	O
cell	B-PROC
growth	B-PROC
progression	O
.	O

Coexpression	O
of	O
7a	O
protein	B-CHED
with	O
SCoV	O
S	O
,	O
M	O
,	O
N	O
,	O
and	O
E	O
proteins	B-CHED
resulted	O
in	O
production	O
of	O
virus	B-ANAT
-	I-ANAT
like	I-ANAT
particles	I-ANAT
(	O
VLPs	B-ANAT
)	O
carrying	O
7a	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
,	O
while	O
7a	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
was	O
not	O
released	O
from	O
cells	B-COMP
expressing	O
7a	O
protein	B-CHED
alone	O
.	O

Phylogenetic	O
analyses	O
of	O
the	O
spike	O
,	O
envelope	B-COMP
,	O
membrane	B-COMP
,	O
and	O
nucleoprotein	O
structural	O
proteins	B-CHED
and	O
the	O
two	O
conserved	O
replicase	B-PRGE
domains	O
,	O
putative	O
RNA	O
-	O
dependent	O
RNA	O
polymerase	O
and	O
RNA	B-PRGE
helicase	I-PRGE
,	O
revealed	O
that	O
bat	B-ENZY
coronaviruses	O
cluster	O
in	O
three	O
different	O
groups	O
:	O
group	O
1	O
,	O
another	O
group	O
that	O
includes	O
all	O
SARS	B-DISO
and	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
like	O
coronaviruses	O
(	O
putative	O
group	O
4	O
),	O
and	O
an	O
independent	O
bat	B-ENZY
coronavirus	B-SPEC
group	I-SPEC
(	O
putative	O
group	O
5	O
).	O

This	O
review	O
aims	O
to	O
provide	O
a	O
comprehensive	O
account	O
of	O
drug	O
discovery	O
on	O
SARS	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
experiences	O
with	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
outbreak	O
and	O
drug	O
discovery	O
would	O
certainly	O
be	O
an	O
important	O
lesson	O
for	O
the	O
drug	O
development	B-PROC
for	O
any	O
new	O
viral	O
outbreaks	O
that	O
may	O
emerge	O
in	O
the	O
future	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Peptides	B-CHED
derived	O
from	O
the	O
membrane	B-COMP
proximal	O
region	O
of	O
fusion	O
proteins	B-CHED
of	O
human	B-SPEC
immunodeficiency	B-DISO
viruses	B-SPEC
1	O
and	O
2	O
,	O
Coronavirus	B-SPEC
229	O
E	O
,	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
and	O
Ebola	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
were	O
all	O
potent	O
antagonists	B-CHED
of	O
the	O
formyl	B-CHED
peptide	B-CHED
receptor	O
expressed	B-PROC
in	O
Chinese	B-SPEC
hamster	I-SPEC
ovary	B-ANAT
cells	B-COMP
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
E	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
is	O
a	O
membrane	B-COMP
component	O
of	O
severe	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
).	O

Moreover	O
,	O
the	O
majority	O
of	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
gamma	I-PRGE
+	I-PRGE
CD4	I-PRGE
+	I-PRGE
T	I-PRGE
cells	O
were	O
central	O
memory	B-ANAT
cells	B-COMP
expressing	O
CD45RO	B-PRGE
+	I-PRGE
CCR7	I-PRGE
+	I-PRGE
CD62L	I-PRGE
-;	O
whereas	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
gamma	I-PRGE
+	I-PRGE
CD8	I-PRGE
+	I-PRGE
memory	B-PROC
T	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
were	O
mostly	O
effector	B-CHED
memory	B-PROC
cells	B-COMP
expressing	O
CD45RO	O
-	O
CCR7	B-PRGE
-	O
CD62L	B-PRGE
-.	O

Interestingly	O
,	O
blood	B-ANAT
collected	O
at	O
the	O
2	O
-	O
h	O
time	O
point	O
in	O
pancreatic	B-ANAT
rats	B-SPEC
induced	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
injury	O
in	O
normal	O
lungs	B-ANAT
while	O
blood	B-ANAT
collected	O
at	O
the	O
6	O
-	O
h	O
time	O
-	O
point	O
was	O
not	O
toxic	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
M	O
and	O
N	O
proteins	B-CHED
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
induce	O
apoptosis	B-PATH
in	O
HPF	O
cells	B-COMP
.	O

The	O
cases	O
were	O
classified	O
as	O
dry	O
-	O
bite	B-PROC
(	O
n	O
=	O
1	O
,	O
caused	O
by	O
M	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
lemniscatus	I-SPEC
;	O
did	O
not	O
receive	O
antivenom	O
),	O
mild	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
2	O
,	O
local	O
manifestations	O
with	O
no	O
acute	O
myasthenic	B-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
;	O
M	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
frontalis	I-SPEC
and	O
Micrurus	B-SPEC
spp	B-ENZY
.),	O
moderate	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
5	O
,	O
mild	O
myasthenia	B-DISO
)	O
or	O
severe	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
3	O
,	O
important	O
myasthenia	B-DISO
;	O
one	O
of	O
them	O
caused	O
by	O
M	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
frontalis	I-SPEC
).	O

Overall	O
,	O
human	B-SPEC
rhinoviruses	B-SPEC
(	O
HRVs	O
)	O
were	O
the	O
most	O
frequently	O
identified	O
target	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
140	O
)	O
followed	O
by	O
human	B-SPEC
adenoviruses	B-SPEC
(	O
HAdVs	O
;	O
n	O
=	O
25	O
),	O
human	B-SPEC
metapneumovirus	I-SPEC
(	O
HMPV	B-SPEC
;	O
n	O
=	O
18	O
),	O
human	B-SPEC
bocavirus	I-SPEC
(	O
HBoV	O
;	O
n	O
=	O
15	O
),	O
human	O
respiratory	O
syncytial	O
virus	O
(	O
HRSV	B-SPEC
;	O
n	O
=	O
12	O
),	O
human	B-SPEC
coronaviruses	O
(	O
HCoVs	O
;	O
n	O
=	O
11	O
),	O
and	O
human	B-SPEC
herpesvirus	I-SPEC
-	O
6	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
11	O
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Perspectives	O
on	O
the	O
basic	O
reproductive	B-PROC
ratio	O
.	O

The	O
minimum	O
surface	O
tension	B-DISO
of	O
LA	O
was	O
impaired	B-DISO
(	O
p	O
<	O
.	O
001	O
)	O
in	O
V	O
-	O
PCP	B-DISO
more	O
than	O
in	O
SB	O
-	O
PCP	B-DISO
and	O
was	O
strongly	O
correlated	O
with	O
the	O
reduction	O
in	O
palmitic	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
levels	O
in	O
PC	O
LA	O
(	O
r	O
=	O
-.	O
81	O
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Effects	O
of	O
enteral	O
feeding	O
with	O
eicosapentaenoic	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
,	O
gamma	B-CHED
-	I-CHED
linolenic	I-CHED
acid	I-CHED
,	O
and	O
antioxidants	B-CHED
in	O
mechanically	O
ventilated	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	B-DISO
sepsis	I-DISO
and	O
septic	B-DISO
shock	I-DISO
.	O

Several	O
studies	O
using	O
animal	B-SPEC
models	O
of	O
sepsis	B-DISO
demonstrate	O
that	O
enteral	O
nutrition	B-PROC
enriched	O
with	O
omega	B-CHED
-	I-CHED
3	I-CHED
fatty	I-CHED
acids	I-CHED
reduces	O
mortality	O
rate	O
.	O

This	O
study	O
investigated	O
whether	O
an	O
enteral	O
diet	O
enriched	O
with	O
EPA	B-PRGE
,	O
GLA	B-PRGE
,	O
and	O
antioxidant	B-CHED
vitamins	B-CHED
can	O
improve	O
outcomes	O
and	O
reduce	O
28	O
-	O
day	O
all	O
-	O
cause	O
mortality	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	B-DISO
sepsis	I-DISO
or	O
septic	B-DISO
shock	I-DISO
requiring	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
.	O

1	O
.	O
0	O
,	O
p	O
<	O
.	O
001	O
),	O
more	O
intensive	O
care	O
unit	O
(	O
ICU	O
)-	O
free	O
days	O
(	O
10	O
.	O
8	O
+/-	O
1	O
.	O
1	O
vs	O
.	O
4	O
.	O
6	O
+/-	O
0	O
.	O
9	O
,	O
p	O
<	O
.	O
001	O
),	O
and	O
a	O
lesser	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
new	O
organ	B-ANAT
dysfunctions	O
(	O
p	O
<	O
.	O
001	O
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Improving	O
older	O
adults	O
'	O
knowledge	O
and	O
practice	O
of	O
preventive	O
measures	O
through	O
a	O
telephone	O
health	O
education	O
during	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
epidemic	O
in	O
Hong	O
Kong	O
:	O
a	O
pilot	O
study	O
.	O

BeauR	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
M41	I-PRGE
(	I-PRGE
S	I-PRGE
)	I-PRGE
EP10	I-PRGE
was	O
more	O
efficacious	O
than	O
BeauR	O
-	O
M41	O
(	O
S	O
)	O
protecting	O
more	O
birds	B-SPEC
against	O
virulent	O
challenge	O
and	O
providing	O
a	O
better	O
serological	O
antibody	B-PROC
response	I-PROC
.	O

We	O
hypothesized	O
that	O
oxygenation	B-PROC
would	O
improve	O
in	O
injured	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
hypoxemia	O
who	O
were	O
converted	O
to	O
HFPV	O
after	O
initial	O
management	O
with	O
conventional	O
ventilation	O
.	O

Chart	O
review	O
identified	O
patients	O
with	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
managed	O
with	O
HFPV	O
.	O

In	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
we	O
demonstrate	O
that	O
treatment	O
of	O
Vero	O
E6	O
cells	B-COMP
with	O
interleukin	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
4	I-PRGE
(	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
4	I-FUNC
)	O
decreased	O
the	O
susceptibility	O
of	O
these	O
cells	B-COMP
to	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
CoV	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Eight	O
poultry	O
farms	O
in	O
Nigeria	O
,	O
including	O
chickens	B-SPEC
from	O
nine	O
breeder	O
,	O
14	O
broiler	O
,	O
28	O
pullet	O
,	O
11	O
layer	B-ANAT
,	O
and	O
three	O
cockerel	O
flocks	O
,	O
were	O
tested	O
for	O
antibody	B-COMP
seroprevalence	O
to	O
the	O
following	O
poultry	O
viruses	B-SPEC
of	O
potential	O
economic	O
importance	O
:	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
IBV	B-SPEC
),	O
avian	B-SPEC
reovirus	I-SPEC
,	O
avian	B-SPEC
pneumovirus	I-SPEC
(	O
APV	O
),	O
infectious	B-SPEC
laryngotracheitis	B-DISO
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
ILTV	B-SPEC
),	O
avian	B-SPEC
influenza	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
AIV	O
),	O
and	O
avian	B-SPEC
leukosis	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
ALV	B-SPEC
).	O

Serum	B-COMP
samples	O
were	O
collected	O
between	O
1999	O
and	O
2004	O
and	O
were	O
tested	O
for	O
antibodies	B-COMP
using	O
commercial	O
enzyme	O
-	O
linked	O
immunosorbent	O
assay	O
(	O
ELISA	O
)	O
kits	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
more	O
specific	O
assays	O
did	O
not	O
confirm	O
AIV	O
antibodies	O
,	O
indicating	O
that	O
all	O
flocks	O
tested	O
were	O
free	O
of	O
avian	B-DISO
influenza	I-DISO
antibodies	B-COMP
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Detection	O
of	O
Massachusetts	O
and	O
Arkansas	O
serotypes	O
of	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
in	O
broilers	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Clinical	O
prognostic	O
rules	O
for	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
in	O
low	O
-	O
and	O
high	O
-	O
resource	O
settings	O
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
The	O
model	O
performs	O
well	O
and	O
could	O
be	O
useful	O
in	O
assessing	O
prognosis	O
for	O
patients	O
who	O
are	O
infected	O
with	O
re	O
-	O
emergent	O
SARS	B-DISO
.	O

At	O
least	O
one	O
premenstrual	B-DISO
symptom	I-DISO
was	O
experienced	O
by	O
448	O
women	O
(	O
96	O
.	O
6	O
%),	O
and	O
176	O
(	O
37	O
.	O
5	O
%)	O
had	O
a	O
high	O
symptom	B-DISO
severity	O
score	O
.	O

Moreover	O
,	O
women	O
with	O
PMS	B-DISO
might	O
eliminate	O
sweet	B-PROC
-	O
tasting	B-PROC
food	O
and	O
caffeine	B-DISO
-	O
containing	O
beverages	O
,	O
particularly	O
coffee	B-SPEC
,	O
from	O
their	O
diet	O
.	O

Serum	B-COMP
samples	O
also	O
were	O
tested	O
,	O
by	O
Western	O
blot	O
and	O
ELISA	O
,	O
for	O
feline	B-SPEC
leukemia	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
FeLV	O
)	O
specific	O
antibodies	B-COMP
and	O
antigen	B-CHED
,	O
respectively	O
,	O
by	O
Western	O
blot	O
for	O
antibodies	B-COMP
to	O
feline	B-SPEC
immunodeficiency	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
FIV	B-SPEC
),	O
and	O
by	O
indirect	O
ELISA	O
for	O
antibodies	B-COMP
to	O
puma	B-SPEC
lentivirus	I-SPEC
(	O
PLV	O
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Diverse	O
implications	O
of	O
a	O
national	O
health	O
crisis	O
:	O
A	O
qualitative	O
exploration	O
of	O
community	O
nurses	O
'	O
SARS	B-DISO
experiences	O
.	O

The	O
zinc	B-CHED
finger	B-ANAT
sequence	O
motifs	O
are	O
conserved	O
among	O
all	O
three	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
antigenic	O
groups	O
,	O
implicating	O
an	O
essential	O
function	O
for	O
nsp10	O
in	O
all	O
coronaviruses	O
.	O

Based	O
on	O
the	O
structure	O
,	O
we	O
propose	O
that	O
nsp10	O
is	O
a	O
transcription	O
factor	O
for	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
replication	O
/	O
transcription	B-PROC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
New	O
antiviral	B-CHED
target	O
revealed	O
by	O
the	O
hexameric	O
structure	O
of	O
mouse	B-DISO
hepatitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
nonstructural	O
protein	O
nsp15	O
.	O

The	O
crystal	B-ANAT
structure	O
of	O
mouse	B-DISO
hepatitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
strain	O
A59	O
(	O
MHV	B-SPEC
-	O
A59	O
)	O
nsp15	O
is	O
reported	O
at	O
2	O
.	O
15	O
-	O
A	O
resolution	O
.	O

Two	O
nsp15	O
trimers	O
form	O
a	O
back	B-ANAT
-	O
to	O
-	O
back	B-ANAT
hexamer	O
that	O
is	O
believed	O
to	O
be	O
the	O
functional	O
unit	O
.	O

Gel	O
filtration	O
and	O
enzyme	B-FUNC
activity	I-FUNC
assays	O
confirmed	O
that	O
the	O
hexamer	O
is	O
the	O
active	O
form	O
for	O
nsp15	O
and	O
demonstrate	O
the	O
specificity	O
of	O
nsp15	O
for	O
uridylate	B-CHED
.	O

A	O
novel	O
methodology	O
of	O
single	O
-	O
particle	O
image	O
analysis	O
was	O
applied	O
to	O
selected	O
virus	B-SPEC
features	O
to	O
obtain	O
a	O
detailed	O
model	O
of	O
the	O
oligomeric	O
state	O
and	O
spatial	O
relationships	O
among	O
viral	O
structural	O
proteins	B-CHED
.	O

Trimeric	O
glycoprotein	B-CHED
spikes	O
were	O
in	O
register	O
with	O
four	O
underlying	O
ribonucleoprotein	B-COMP
densities	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
The	O
human	B-SPEC
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
8b	O
protein	B-CHED
is	O
distinct	O
from	O
its	O
counterpart	O
in	O
animal	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
and	O
down	O
-	O
regulates	O
the	O
expression	B-PROC
of	O
the	O
envelope	B-COMP
protein	B-CHED
in	O
infected	O
cells	B-COMP
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
),	O
isolated	O
from	O
humans	B-SPEC
infected	O
during	O
the	O
peak	O
of	O
epidemic	O
,	O
encodes	O
two	O
accessory	O
proteins	B-CHED
termed	O
as	O
8a	O
and	O
8b	O
.	O

These	O
results	O
may	O
suggest	O
that	O
the	O
conformations	O
of	O
8a	O
and	O
8b	O
are	O
different	O
from	O
8ab	O
although	O
nearly	O
all	O
the	O
amino	B-CHED
acids	I-CHED
in	O
8a	O
and	O
8b	O
are	O
found	O
in	O
8ab	O
.	O

Progress	O
in	O
the	O
investigation	O
of	O
these	O
processes	O
has	O
been	O
enhanced	O
by	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
reverse	O
genetic	O
systems	O
,	O
an	O
advance	O
that	O
was	O
heretofore	O
obstructed	O
by	O
the	O
enormous	O
size	O
of	O
the	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
genome	O
.	O

Right	O
atrial	B-ANAT
pressure	O
,	O
mean	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
arterial	B-PROC
pressure	I-PROC
,	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
arterial	B-PROC
wedge	I-PROC
pressure	I-PROC
,	O
and	O
left	O
ventricular	B-ANAT
stroke	B-DISO
work	O
index	O
were	O
determined	O
using	O
a	O
thermodilution	O
catheter	O
.	O

The	O
optimal	O
cutoff	O
point	O
for	O
predicting	O
mortality	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
septic	B-DISO
shock	I-DISO
was	O
a	O
BNP	O
level	O
of	O
650	O
pg	O
mL	O
on	O
day	O
2	O
,	O
in	O
which	O
sensitivity	O
and	O
specificity	O
were	O
92	O
%	O
and	O
80	O
%,	O
respectively	O
.	O

Our	O
purpose	O
was	O
to	O
determine	O
maternal	O
outcome	O
in	O
pregnancies	B-PROC
complicated	O
by	O
HELLP	B-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
hemolysis	B-DISO
,	O
elevated	O
liver	B-ANAT
enzymes	O
and	O
low	O
platelet	B-ANAT
count	O
)	O
that	O
required	O
intensive	O
care	O
management	O
.	O

37	O
patients	O
with	O
HELLP	B-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
admitted	O
to	O
the	O
obstetric	O
intensive	O
care	O
unit	O
were	O
analyzed	O
retrospectively	O
from	O
1992	O
to	O
2004	O
.	O

Bypasses	O
were	O
exclusively	O
arterial	B-ANAT
(	O
left	O
or	O
right	O
internal	B-ANAT
mammary	I-ANAT
arteries	I-ANAT
).	O

Perceptions	O
of	O
the	O
infectivity	O
and	O
health	O
conditions	O
of	O
recovered	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
and	O
avoidance	O
and	O
discrimination	O
towards	O
them	O
were	O
measured	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
approximately	O
30	O
-	O
kb	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(+)	O
RNA	O
genome	O
is	O
replicated	O
and	O
transcribed	O
by	O
a	O
membrane	B-COMP
-	O
bound	O
replicase	B-PRGE
complex	I-PRGE
made	O
up	O
of	O
16	O
viral	O
nonstructural	O
proteins	B-CHED
(	O
nsp	O
)	O
with	O
multiple	O
enzymatic	O
activities	O
.	O

The	O
complex	O
includes	O
an	O
RNA	B-PRGE
endonuclease	I-PRGE
,	O
NendoU	O
,	O
that	O
is	O
conserved	O
among	O
nidoviruses	B-SPEC
but	O
no	O
other	O
RNA	O
virus	B-SPEC
,	O
making	O
it	O
a	O
genetic	B-PROC
marker	I-PROC
of	O
this	O
virus	B-SPEC
order	B-SPEC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Use	O
of	O
human	B-SPEC
nasal	B-ANAT
cannulas	O
during	O
bronchoscopy	O
procedures	O
as	O
a	O
simple	O
method	O
for	O
maintaining	O
adequate	O
oxygen	O
saturation	O
in	O
pigtailed	O
macaques	B-SPEC
(	O
Macaca	B-SPEC
nemestrina	I-SPEC
).	O

The	O
crystal	B-ANAT
structure	O
of	O
TG	O
-	O
0205221	O
(	O
resolution	O
=	O
1	O
.	O
93	O
A	O
)	O
has	O
revealed	O
a	O
unique	O
binding	B-FUNC
mode	O
comprising	O
a	O
covalent	B-PROC
bond	O
,	O
hydrogen	B-CHED
bonds	O
,	O
and	O
numerous	O
hydrophobic	B-PROC
interactions	I-PROC
.	O

The	O
'	O
impacted	O
group	O
'	O
had	O
higher	O
depressive	O
levels	O
,	O
poorer	O
neighborhood	O
relationships	O
,	O
poorer	O
self	O
-	O
perceived	O
health	O
,	O
and	O
a	O
higher	O
economic	O
impact	O
than	O
the	O
'	O
non	O
-	O
impacted	B-DISO
group	O
'.	O

Fever	B-PROC
and	O
other	O
respiratory	B-DISO
symptoms	I-DISO
were	O
examined	O
to	O
determine	O
their	O
value	O
in	O
predicting	O
influenza	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
-	O
positive	O
status	O
in	O
children	O
.	O

Cough	B-DISO
(	O
positive	O
predictive	O
value	O
,	O
70	O
%;	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
,	O
64	O
%-	O
75	O
%),	O
but	O
not	O
fever	B-PROC
,	O
was	O
the	O
best	O
predictor	O
of	O
influenza	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
-	O
positive	O
status	O
in	O
children	O
aged	O
5	O
-	O
12	O
years	O
in	O
the	O
oseltamivir	B-CHED
trials	O
,	O
but	O
neither	O
cough	B-DISO
nor	O
fever	B-PROC
were	O
successful	O
predictors	O
in	O
young	O
children	O
1	O
-	O
4	O
years	O
of	O
age	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
This	O
study	O
describes	O
a	O
loophole	O
in	O
the	O
international	O
quarantine	O
system	O
during	O
the	O
recent	O
Asian	O
severe	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
outbreak	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Observations	O
and	O
immunohistochemical	O
detection	O
of	O
Coronavirus	B-SPEC
,	O
Cryptosporidium	B-SPEC
parvum	I-SPEC
and	O
Giardia	B-DISO
intestinalis	I-SPEC
in	O
neonatal	B-DISO
diarrhoea	I-DISO
in	O
lambs	B-SPEC
and	O
kids	O
.	O

These	O
two	O
protozoa	O
were	O
detected	O
together	O
in	O
4	O
animals	B-SPEC
upon	O
faeces	B-ANAT
examination	O
.	O

Following	O
immunohistochemical	O
examination	O
,	O
all	O
cryptosporidiosis	B-DISO
cases	O
were	O
confirmed	O
by	O
positive	O
immunostaining	O
of	O
intestinal	O
sections	O
.	O

All	O
donor	B-CHED
kidneys	B-ANAT
were	O
recovered	O
laparoscopically	O
.	O

There	O
was	O
no	O
cytomegalovirus	B-SPEC
disease	O
or	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Hospice	O
utilization	O
during	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
outbreak	O
in	O
Taiwan	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Live	O
virus	B-SPEC
vaccines	O
provide	O
significant	O
protection	O
against	O
many	O
detrimental	O
human	B-SPEC
and	O
animal	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
,	O
but	O
reversion	O
to	O
virulence	B-PROC
by	O
mutation	O
and	O
recombination	B-PROC
has	O
reduced	O
appeal	O
.	O

The	O
M	O
gene	O
sequences	O
of	O
these	O
new	O
feline	B-SPEC
strains	O
had	O
at	O
most	O
88	O
per	O
cent	O
identity	O
with	O
the	O
fcov	O
-	O
like	O
ccov	O
strain	O
259	O
/	O
01	O
and	O
only	O
up	O
to	O
85	O
per	O
cent	O
with	O
any	O
fcov	O
sequence	O
available	O
in	O
GenBank	O
.	O

Our	O
study	O
objectives	O
were	O
to	O
determine	O
the	O
optimal	O
extraction	O
method	O
for	O
SARS	B-DISO
CoV	O
RNA	O
detection	O
and	O
to	O
examine	O
the	O
effect	O
of	O
increased	O
specimen	O
volume	O
for	O
the	O
detection	O
of	O
SARS	B-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
RNA	I-PRGE
in	O
stool	B-ANAT
specimens	O
.	O

Examination	O
of	O
the	O
copy	O
numbers	O
detected	O
and	O
the	O
generation	O
of	O
10	O
-	O
fold	O
dilutions	O
of	O
the	O
extracted	O
material	O
indicated	O
that	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
extraction	O
methods	O
retained	O
inhibitory	O
substances	O
that	O
prevented	O
optimal	O
amplification	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Knowledge	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
among	O
community	O
physicians	O
,	O
nurses	O
,	O
and	O
emergency	B-DISO
medical	O
responders	O
.	O

The	O
evolution	B-PROC
of	O
the	O
Simian	O
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
SIV	B-DISO
)	O
into	O
a	O
human	B-SPEC
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
HIV	B-DISO
)	O
is	O
regarded	O
as	O
an	O
artifact	O
.	O

SARS	B-DISO
and	O
Ebola	O
also	O
fit	B-DISO
this	O
pattern	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Over	O
the	O
past	O
20	O
years	O
,	O
headlines	O
have	O
documented	O
an	O
increasing	O
number	O
of	O
emerging	O
diseases	O
;	O
most	O
have	O
an	O
animal	O
source	O
(	O
zoonoses	B-DISO
).	O

Real	O
-	O
time	O
fluorescence	O
reverse	B-PROC
transcription	I-PROC
-	O
PCR	O
also	O
proved	O
the	O
neutralizing	O
capacity	O
of	O
M1A	O
.	O

These	O
data	O
showed	O
that	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
virus	B-SPEC
copies	O
was	O
significantly	O
reduced	O
in	O
the	O
M1A	B-CHED
-	O
treated	O
group	O
,	O
suggesting	O
an	O
important	O
role	O
for	O
M1A	B-CHED
in	O
passive	O
immunoprophylaxis	O
against	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Fourteen	O
ORFs	O
have	O
been	O
identified	O
in	O
the	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
-	O
associated	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
genome	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Coronaviruses	O
in	O
bent	O
-	O
winged	B-ANAT
bats	B-SPEC
(	O
Miniopterus	B-SPEC
spp	B-ENZY
.).	O

These	O
findings	O
show	O
that	O
group	O
1	O
coronaviruses	O
are	O
endemic	O
in	O
these	O
bat	B-ENZY
populations	O
in	O
Hong	O
Kong	O
.	O

In	O
contrast	O
to	O
BS	O
-	O
IQFSs	O
,	O
the	O
RS	O
-	O
IQFS	O
was	O
not	O
susceptible	O
to	O
fluorescence	O
interference	O
from	O
coloured	O
samples	O
and	O
allowed	O
for	O
successful	O
screening	O
of	O
marine	O
natural	B-CHED
products	I-CHED
and	O
identification	O
of	O
a	O
coumarin	B-CHED
derivative	O
,	O
esculetin	B-CHED
-	O
4	O
-	O
carboxylic	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
ethyl	B-CHED
ester	B-CHED
,	O
a	O
novel	O
3CLpro	O
inhibitor	B-CHED
(	O
IC50	O
=	O
46	O
microM	O
)	O
and	O
anti	O
-	O
SARS	B-DISO
agent	O
(	O
EC50	O
=	O
112	O
microM	O
;	O
median	O
toxic	O
concentration	O
>	O
800	O
microM	O
)	O
from	O
the	O
tropical	O
marine	O
sponge	B-SPEC
Axinella	B-SPEC
corrugata	I-SPEC
.	O

Only	O
two	O
HCW	O
involved	O
in	O
different	O
clusters	B-CHED
,	O
reported	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Adrenal	B-DISO
insufficiency	I-DISO
in	O
severe	O
West	B-DISO
Nile	I-DISO
Virus	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
.	O

Relative	O
adrenal	B-DISO
insufficiency	I-DISO
,	O
defined	O
by	O
a	O
corticotropin	B-PRGE
response	O
below	O
9	O
microg	O
/	O
dl	O
,	O
was	O
observed	O
in	O
seven	O
while	O
the	O
remaining	O
three	O
had	O
normal	O
cortisol	B-CHED
response	O
;	O
six	O
out	O
of	O
these	O
seven	O
died	B-PROC
in	O
the	O
ICU	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Aggressive	O
behaviours	O
represent	O
major	O
obstacles	O
to	O
the	O
integration	B-PROC
into	O
society	O
of	O
individuals	O
with	O
intellectual	B-DISO
disability	I-DISO
(	O
ID	O
)	O
and	O
pose	O
significant	O
management	O
issues	O
for	O
carers	O
.	O

The	O
present	O
study	O
assessed	O
the	O
prevalence	O
and	O
severity	O
of	O
five	O
types	O
of	O
aggressive	B-DISO
behaviours	I-DISO
in	O
3165	O
adult	O
men	O
and	O
women	O
with	O
ID	O
receiving	O
services	O
from	O
three	O
rehabilitation	O
agencies	O
in	O
Québec	O
by	O
surveying	O
their	O
carers	O
using	O
the	O
Modified	O
Overt	O
Aggressive	B-DISO
Scale	O
.	O

The	O
12	O
-	O
month	O
prevalence	O
of	O
aggressive	B-DISO
behaviour	I-DISO
was	O
51	O
.	O
8	O
%:	O
24	O
%	O
property	O
damage	O
,	O
37	O
.	O
6	O
%	O
verbal	O
,	O
24	O
.	O
4	O
%	O
self	O
-	O
oriented	O
and	O
24	O
.	O
4	O
%	O
physical	O
aggression	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
9	O
.	O
8	O
%	O
sexually	O
aggressive	B-DISO
behaviour	I-DISO
,	O
most	O
of	O
which	O
being	O
mild	O
in	O
severity	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Maternal	O
antibody	B-COMP
transfer	O
from	O
dams	O
to	O
their	O
egg	B-ANAT
yolks	O
,	O
egg	B-ANAT
whites	B-SPEC
,	O
and	O
chicks	O
in	O
meat	O
lines	O
of	O
chickens	O
.	O

To	O
gain	O
insight	O
into	O
maternal	O
antibody	B-COMP
transfer	O
and	O
endogenous	O
production	O
of	O
antibodies	B-COMP
in	O
broiler	O
chicks	O
,	O
total	O
IgY	O
,	O
IgA	B-PRGE
,	O
IgM	B-PRGE
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
anti	O
-	O
Newcastle	B-SPEC
disease	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
NDV	B-SPEC
)	O
and	O
anti	O
-	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
(	O
IBV	B-SPEC
)	O
antibody	B-COMP
levels	O
were	O
examined	O
in	O
the	O
dams	O
'	O
plasma	B-ANAT
,	O
egg	B-ANAT
yolks	O
,	O
egg	B-ANAT
whites	B-SPEC
,	O
and	O
chicks	O
'	O
plasma	B-ANAT
on	O
d	O
3	O
,	O
7	O
,	O
14	O
,	O
and	O
21	O
.	O

Given	O
an	O
epidemic	O
curve	O
for	O
a	O
historical	O
outbreak	O
,	O
this	O
modeling	O
approach	O
calls	O
for	O
Monte	O
Carlo	O
calculations	O
(	O
that	O
define	O
the	O
average	O
new	O
infection	B-DISO
rate	O
)	O
and	O
solutions	O
to	O
integro	O
-	O
differential	O
equations	O
(	O
that	O
describe	O
outbreak	O
dynamics	O
in	O
an	O
aggregate	O
population	O
or	O
across	O
all	O
network	O
connectivity	O
classes	O
).	O

The	O
full	O
length	O
NP	O
could	O
be	O
expressed	B-PROC
in	O
E	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
coli	I-SPEC
at	O
very	O
high	O
level	O
within	O
inclusion	B-COMP
bodies	I-COMP
.	O

The	O
polyclonal	O
antiserum	O
from	O
animals	B-SPEC
immunized	O
with	O
this	O
recombinant	B-PRGE
NP	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
was	O
found	O
to	O
specifically	O
recognize	O
the	O
NP	O
and	O
its	O
subfragments	O
,	O
thus	O
demonstrating	O
the	O
immunogenic	O
nature	O
of	O
the	O
recombinant	O
protein	O
.	O

Excluding	O
job	O
categories	O
with	O
<	O
3	O
workers	O
,	O
the	O
highest	O
SARS	B-DISO
attack	O
rates	O
occurred	O
among	O
nurses	O
who	O
worked	O
in	O
the	O
outpatient	O
and	O
inpatient	O
general	O
wards	O
(	O
57	O
.	O
1	O
,	O
47	O
.	O
4	O
%,	O
respectively	O
).	O

Here	O
we	O
characterized	O
the	O
activation	O
of	O
an	O
immediate	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
early	I-PRGE
transcription	I-PRGE
factor	I-PRGE
Egr	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
by	O
MHV	B-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
in	O
an	O
astrocytoma	B-DISO
cell	B-ANAT
line	I-ANAT
.	O

We	O
further	O
found	O
that	O
over	O
-	O
expression	B-PROC
of	O
Egr	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
suppressed	O
the	O
expression	B-PROC
of	O
BNip3	B-PRGE
,	O
a	O
pro	B-CHED
-	O
apoptotic	O
member	O
of	O
the	O
Bcl	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
family	I-PRGE
.	O

Furthermore	O
,	O
knockdown	O
of	O
Egr	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
by	O
an	O
siRNA	O
inhibited	O
MHV	B-SPEC
propagation	O
,	O
suggesting	O
the	O
biological	O
relevance	O
of	O
Egr	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
induction	O
to	O
virus	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
.	O

These	O
results	O
indicate	O
a	O
correlation	O
between	O
the	O
ability	O
of	O
MHVs	O
to	O
induce	O
Egr	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
expression	B-PROC
and	O
their	O
ability	O
to	O
cause	O
demyelination	B-DISO
in	O
the	O
CNS	B-CHED
,	O
which	O
may	O
suggest	O
a	O
potential	O
role	O
for	O
the	O
induction	O
of	O
Egr	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
in	O
viral	B-DISO
pathogenesis	I-DISO
.	O

All	O
six	O
patients	O
were	O
transferred	O
to	O
the	O
care	O
of	O
the	O
authors	O
at	O
an	O
intensive	O
care	O
unit	O
at	O
a	O
public	O
hospital	O
,	O
where	O
they	O
received	O
intensive	O
cardiopulmonary	O
support	O
(	O
including	O
dialysis	B-SPEC
),	O
high	O
-	O
dose	O
methylprednisolone	B-CHED
,	O
and	O
an	O
anti	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
interleukin	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
receptor	I-PRGE
antagonist	B-PROC
antibody	B-COMP
.	O

Prolonged	O
cardiovascular	B-ANAT
shock	O
and	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
developed	O
in	O
two	O
patients	O
,	O
who	O
required	O
intensive	O
organ	B-ANAT
support	O
for	O
8	O
and	O
16	O
days	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Transfusion	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
related	I-DISO
acute	I-DISO
lung	I-DISO
injury	I-DISO
(	O
TRALI	B-DISO
)	O
is	O
an	O
immune	O
-	O
mediated	O
transfusion	B-DISO
reaction	I-DISO
that	O
can	O
cause	O
severe	O
complications	O
or	O
even	O
death	B-PROC
.	O

In	O
1992	O
,	O
diagnostic	O
criteria	O
for	O
ARDS	B-DISO
were	O
published	O
in	O
an	O
American	O
-	O
European	O
Consensus	O
Conference	O
and	O
the	O
term	O
ACUTE	B-PRGE
LUNG	I-PRGE
INJURY	I-PRGE
(	O
ALI	O
)	O
was	O
adopted	O
to	O
encompass	O
patients	O
with	O
a	O
spectrum	O
of	O
less	O
severe	O
forms	O
of	O
the	O
same	O
pathological	O
entity	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
importance	O
of	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
surfactant	B-CHED
in	O
maintaining	O
normal	O
lung	B-PROC
function	I-PROC
,	O
and	O
the	O
observations	O
that	O
alterations	O
in	O
endogenous	O
surfactant	B-CHED
contribute	O
to	O
the	O
lung	B-ANAT
dysfunction	O
associated	O
with	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
(	O
ALI	O
)	O
and	O
the	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
),	O
provide	O
a	O
rationale	O
for	O
administering	O
exogenous	O
surfactant	B-CHED
in	O
this	O
setting	O
.	O

The	O
results	O
of	O
clinical	O
trials	O
have	O
been	O
variable	O
,	O
however	O
,	O
in	O
part	O
due	O
to	O
the	O
various	O
surfactant	B-CHED
preparations	O
used	O
,	O
the	O
different	O
delivery	O
and	O
dosing	O
methods	O
employed	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
types	O
of	O
patients	O
targeted	B-PROC
for	O
this	O
therapy	O
.	O

Based	O
on	O
extensive	O
in	O
vitro	O
data	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
in	O
vivo	O
animal	O
studies	O
demonstrating	O
the	O
anti	O
-	O
inflammatory	O
and	O
antibacterial	O
functions	O
of	O
various	O
surfactant	B-CHED
components	O
,	O
administration	O
of	O
surfactant	B-CHED
earlier	O
in	O
the	O
course	O
of	O
the	O
disease	O
,	O
when	O
lung	B-DISO
inflammation	I-DISO
is	O
present	O
but	O
before	O
severe	O
lung	B-ANAT
dysfunction	O
occurs	O
,	O
may	O
prove	O
to	O
be	O
optimal	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
and	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
:	O
extracorporeal	O
life	O
support	O
and	O
liquid	O
ventilation	O
for	O
severe	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
distress	O
syndrome	O
in	O
adults	O
.	O

Additionally	O
,	O
ventilator	O
settings	O
are	O
reduced	O
to	O
""""	O
rest	B-FUNC
""""	O
settings	O
,	O
avoiding	O
the	O
consequences	O
of	O
ventilator	O
-	O
induced	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
that	O
can	O
contribute	O
to	O
a	O
worse	O
outcome	O
.	O

Systemic	O
heparinization	O
is	O
a	O
mainstay	O
of	O
ECLS	O
therapy	O
because	O
of	O
platelet	B-PROC
activation	I-PROC
in	O
the	O
circuit	O
.	O

Although	O
not	O
currently	O
in	O
clinical	O
practice	O
,	O
liquid	O
ventilation	O
using	O
perfluorocarbons	O
to	O
provide	O
gas	B-ENZY
exchange	O
in	O
the	O
lungs	B-ANAT
is	O
a	O
potentially	O
useful	O
adjunct	O
in	O
the	O
management	O
of	O
severe	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Human	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
NL63	I-SPEC
,	O
a	O
new	O
respiratory	O
virus	B-SPEC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
From	O
the	O
mid	O
-	O
1960s	O
onwards	O
,	O
it	O
was	O
believed	O
that	O
only	O
two	O
human	O
coronavirus	O
species	B-SPEC
infect	O
humans	B-SPEC
:	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
229E	I-SPEC
and	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
OC43	I-SPEC
.	O

Then	O
,	O
in	O
2003	O
,	O
a	O
novel	O
member	O
of	O
the	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
family	B-SPEC
was	O
introduced	O
into	O
the	O
human	B-SPEC
population	O
:	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
,	O
causing	O
an	O
aggressive	B-DISO
lung	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
.	O

Collectively	O
,	O
these	O
results	O
suggest	O
to	O
further	O
evaluate	O
the	O
role	O
of	O
viral	O
macro	O
domains	O
in	O
host	B-PROC
response	I-PROC
to	O
viral	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
.	O

Here	O
,	O
we	O
show	O
that	O
expression	B-PROC
of	O
DC	O
-	O
SIGN	O
augments	O
NL63	O
spike	O
(	O
S	O
)-	O
protein	B-CHED
-	O
driven	O
infection	B-DISO
of	O
susceptible	O
cells	B-COMP
,	O
while	O
only	O
expression	B-PROC
of	O
ACE2	B-PRGE
but	O
not	O
DC	O
-	O
SIGN	O
is	O
sufficient	O
for	O
entry	O
into	O
nonpermissive	O
cells	B-COMP
,	O
indicating	O
that	O
ACE2	B-PRGE
fulfills	O
the	O
criteria	O
of	O
a	O
bona	O
fide	O
hCoV	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
NL63	I-PRGE
receptor	I-PRGE
.	O

The	O
prevalence	O
of	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
during	O
the	O
course	O
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
seems	O
to	O
be	O
particularly	O
high	O
,	O
but	O
whether	O
persons	O
with	O
ARDS	B-DISO
are	O
more	O
susceptible	O
to	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
or	O
simply	O
have	O
more	O
risk	O
factors	O
remains	O
unknown	O
because	O
of	O
methodological	O
limitations	O
.	O

The	O
core	O
structures	O
of	O
these	O
two	O
hits	O
,	O
defined	O
by	O
the	O
docking	B-PROC
study	O
,	O
are	O
used	O
for	O
further	O
analogue	O
search	O
.	O

Interestingly	O
,	O
the	O
most	O
potent	O
inhibitor	B-CHED
induces	O
protein	B-CHED
conformational	O
changes	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
inhibition	B-PROC
mechanisms	O
,	O
particularly	O
the	O
disruption	O
of	O
catalytic	O
dyad	O
(	O
His41	O
and	O
Cys145	O
),	O
are	O
elaborated	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Protein	B-CHED
ubiquitination	B-PROC
has	O
been	O
identified	O
as	O
a	O
regulatory	O
mechanism	O
in	O
key	O
cellular	B-COMP
activities	O
,	O
and	O
deubiquitination	B-PROC
is	O
recognized	O
as	O
an	O
important	O
step	O
in	O
processes	O
governed	O
by	O
ubiquitin	B-PROC
and	O
ubiquitin	B-PROC
-	O
like	O
modifiers	O
.	O

Most	O
gram	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
positive	I-SPEC
bacteria	I-SPEC
,	O
such	O
as	O
Enterococcus	B-SPEC
spp	B-ENZY
.	O

Although	O
antibody	B-COMP
-	O
based	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
has	O
been	O
demonstrated	O
to	O
be	O
a	O
reliable	O
proof	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
infection	B-DISO
,	O
it	O
is	O
not	O
sensitive	O
enough	O
for	O
detection	O
during	O
the	O
early	O
phase	O
of	O
the	O
disease	O
.	O

Sequence	O
variations	O
were	O
observed	O
in	O
the	O
SAR	B-CHED
-	O
CoV	O
obtained	O
from	O
different	O
patients	O
in	O
this	O
epidemic	O
.	O

The	O
cell	B-COMP
-	O
to	O
-	O
cell	B-PROC
fusion	I-PROC
efficiency	O
was	O
simply	O
determined	O
for	O
quantitative	O
analysis	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
syncytium	B-ANAT
detected	O
by	O
flow	O
cytometry	O
.	O

Such	O
new	O
cell	O
-	O
to	O
-	O
cell	B-PROC
fusion	I-PROC
model	O
was	O
further	O
assessed	O
by	O
the	O
potent	O
HR2	O
peptide	B-CHED
inhibitor	B-CHED
,	O
which	O
led	O
to	O
the	O
obvious	O
decrease	O
of	O
the	O
cell	B-COMP
-	O
to	O
-	O
cell	B-PROC
fusion	I-PROC
efficiency	O
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
These	O
results	O
suggested	O
that	O
we	O
successfully	O
established	O
a	O
mouse	B-SPEC
model	O
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
with	O
H5N1	B-DISO
viral	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
,	O
which	O
may	O
benefit	O
further	O
investigation	O
into	O
the	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
of	O
human	B-DISO
ARDS	I-DISO
induced	O
by	O
H5N1	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Severe	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
:	O
advanced	O
treatment	O
options	O
.	O

Our	O
understanding	O
of	O
lung	B-ANAT
pathophysiology	O
and	O
the	O
role	O
of	O
ventilator	O
-	O
induced	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
through	O
basic	O
science	O
investigation	O
has	O
led	O
to	O
advances	O
in	O
lung	B-ANAT
protective	O
strategies	O
for	O
the	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
support	O
of	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
We	O
studied	O
the	O
immunogenicity	O
of	O
an	O
anti	O
-	O
SARS	O
subunit	O
vaccine	O
comprised	O
of	O
the	O
fragment	O
of	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
spike	O
protein	B-CHED
amino	B-CHED
acids	I-CHED
318	O
-	O
510	O
(	O
S318	O
-	O
510	O
)	O
containing	O
the	O
receptor	O
-	O
binding	B-FUNC
domain	O
.	O

The	O
monoclonal	O
antibodies	B-COMP
bound	O
to	O
the	O
central	O
and	O
carboxyterminal	O
half	O
of	O
the	O
nucleocapsid	B-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
indicating	O
prominent	O
exposure	O
and	O
immunogenicity	O
of	O
this	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
protein	B-CHED
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Putative	O
cis	B-DISO
-	O
acting	O
stem	B-ANAT
-	O
loops	O
in	O
the	O
5	O
'	O
untranslated	O
region	O
of	O
the	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
can	O
substitute	O
for	O
their	O
mouse	B-DISO
hepatitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
counterparts	O
.	O

Chimeric	O
genomes	O
were	O
transcribed	O
in	O
vitro	O
,	O
and	O
viruses	B-SPEC
were	O
recovered	O
after	O
electroporation	O
into	O
permissive	O
cells	B-COMP
.	O

In	O
pulmonary	B-PROC
function	I-PROC
tests	O
,	O
the	O
diffusing	O
capacity	O
of	O
the	O
lungs	B-ANAT
showed	O
a	O
moderate	O
decrease	O
.	O

We	O
speculate	O
that	O
these	O
two	O
fragments	O
came	O
from	O
a	O
Conn	O
and	O
a	O
Mass	O
virus	O
,	O
respectively	O
,	O
and	O
were	O
incorporated	O
into	O
a	O
virus	B-SPEC
largely	O
derived	O
from	O
ArkDPI	O
.	O

Since	O
Ark	B-PRGE
,	O
Conn	O
and	O
Mass	O
strains	O
have	O
been	O
simultaneously	O
used	O
as	O
live	O
vaccines	O
in	O
California	B-SPEC
,	O
both	O
point	B-PROC
mutations	I-PROC
and	O
recombination	B-PROC
among	O
vaccine	O
strains	O
may	O
have	O
contributed	O
to	O
the	O
emergence	O
of	O
the	O
Cal99	O
variant	O
virus	B-SPEC
.	O

Analysis	O
of	O
the	O
structural	O
protein	B-CHED
genes	O
of	O
six	O
Cal99	O
isolates	O
demonstrated	O
that	O
viruses	B-SPEC
of	O
this	O
serotype	O
may	O
differ	O
substantially	O
in	O
the	O
non	O
-	O
S1	O
structural	O
genes	O
.	O

Finally	O
,	O
we	O
performed	O
a	O
challenge	O
study	O
with	O
Cal99	O
and	O
demonstrated	O
that	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
causes	O
late	O
-	O
onset	O
respiratory	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
,	O
with	O
a	O
severity	O
comparable	O
to	O
that	O
of	O
the	O
M41	B-PRGE
IBV	I-PRGE
challenge	O
strain	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Animal	B-SPEC
models	O
and	O
antibody	B-COMP
assays	O
for	O
evaluating	O
candidate	O
SARS	B-DISO
vaccines	O
:	O
summary	O
of	O
a	O
technical	O
meeting	O
25	O
-	O
26	O
August	O
2005	O
,	O
London	O
,	O
UK	O
.	O

Several	O
mechanisms	O
are	O
involved	O
in	O
the	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
of	O
virus	B-SPEC
-	O
related	O
nephropathy	B-DISO
,	O
including	O
tropism	B-PROC
of	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
in	O
the	O
kidney	B-ANAT
,	O
induction	O
of	O
abnormal	O
immune	O
complexes	O
,	O
direct	O
cytopathogenic	O
effects	O
,	O
and	O
multiorgan	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
.	O

Hepatitis	B-SPEC
B	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
is	O
associated	O
with	O
membranous	B-DISO
nephropathy	I-DISO
and	O
mesangiocapillary	B-DISO
glomerulonephritis	I-DISO
in	O
endemic	O
areas	O
.	O

Leptospirosis	B-DISO
-	O
induced	O
lesions	O
,	O
predominantly	O
in	O
the	O
proximal	B-ANAT
tubule	I-ANAT
,	O
were	O
responsible	O
for	O
the	O
polyuria	B-DISO
and	O
natriuresis	B-PROC
observed	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Infectious	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
emerging	O
from	O
Chinese	O
wet	O
-	O
markets	O
:	O
zoonotic	O
origins	O
of	O
severe	O
respiratory	O
viral	O
infections	O
.	O

An	O
astonishing	O
diversity	O
of	O
coronaviruses	O
was	O
also	O
discovered	O
in	O
different	O
species	B-SPEC
of	O
bats	B-SPEC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Coronaviruses	O
are	O
etiologic	O
agents	O
of	O
respiratory	O
and	O
enteric	O
diseases	O
in	O
humans	O
and	O
in	O
animals	B-SPEC
.	O

A	O
thickened	O
gallbladder	B-ANAT
wall	I-ANAT
was	O
found	O
in	O
19	O
cases	O
,	O
all	O
were	O
women	O
,	O
and	O
periportal	O
tracking	O
and	O
a	O
dilated	O
inferior	B-ANAT
vena	I-ANAT
cava	I-ANAT
in	O
17	O
CTs	B-DISO
.	O

Alternatively	O
,	O
APN	B-PRGE
should	O
be	O
included	O
in	O
the	O
differential	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
systemic	O
diseases	O
that	O
cause	O
gallbladder	B-ANAT
wall	I-ANAT
thickening	O
to	O
avoid	O
misdiagnosing	O
it	O
as	O
acute	B-DISO
cholecystitis	I-DISO
.	O

Laboratory	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
these	O
viral	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
based	O
on	O
viral	O
isolation	O
or	O
detection	O
by	O
immune	O
electron	O
microscopy	O
,	O
immunoassay	O
and	O
polymerase	O
chain	O
reaction	O
(	O
PCR	O
)	O
has	O
dramatically	O
improved	O
in	O
the	O
recent	O
years	O
,	O
and	O
SARS	B-DISO
represents	O
a	O
good	O
example	O
of	O
a	O
diagnostic	O
approach	O
to	O
emerging	O
viral	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
.	O

Formation	B-PROC
of	O
THMs	O
and	O
HAAs	O
does	O
not	O
exceed	O
the	O
drinking	B-PROC
water	B-CHED
standard	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Accumulation	O
of	O
recombinant	B-PRGE
SARS	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
spike	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
in	O
plant	B-SPEC
cytosol	B-COMP
and	O
chloroplasts	B-COMP
indicate	O
potential	O
for	O
development	O
of	O
plant	B-SPEC
-	O
derived	O
oral	B-ANAT
vaccines	O
.	O

In	O
the	O
construction	O
of	O
both	O
nuclear	O
and	O
plastid	B-COMP
transformation	B-DISO
vectors	O
,	O
a	O
2	O
-	O
kilobase	O
nucleotide	B-CHED
sequence	O
encoding	O
amino	B-CHED
acids	I-CHED
1	O
-	O
658	O
of	O
the	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
spike	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
(	O
S1	O
)	O
was	O
modified	O
with	O
nucleotide	B-CHED
changes	O
,	O
but	O
not	O
amino	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
changes	O
,	O
to	O
optimize	O
codon	O
usage	O
for	O
expression	B-PROC
in	O
plants	B-SPEC
.	O

It	O
has	O
been	O
observed	O
that	O
all	O
pharmacophores	O
of	O
the	O
three	O
peptides	B-CHED
overlap	O
very	O
well	O
,	O
and	O
that	O
ATLQANEV	O
binds	B-FUNC
best	O
with	O
the	O
receptor	O
,	O
followed	O
by	O
AVLQSGFR	O
,	O
and	O
then	O
ATLQAIAS	O
.	O

During	O
the	O
process	O
of	O
docking	B-PROC
the	O
octapeptides	O
to	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
enzyme	O
,	O
the	O
residues	O
of	O
the	O
catalytic	O
dyad	O
,	O
i	O
.	O
e	O
.,	O
His	O
-	O
41	O
and	O
Cys	B-CHED
-	O
145	O
are	O
actively	O
involved	O
in	O
forming	O
the	O
hydrogen	B-CHED
bonds	O
,	O
so	O
is	O
the	O
center	O
residue	O
(	O
Gln	B-CHED
)	O
of	O
all	O
the	O
three	O
octapeptides	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
identify	O
and	O
partially	O
characterize	O
a	O
coronaviruslike	O
virus	O
isolated	O
from	O
naturally	O
infected	O
pigeons	B-SPEC
.	O

Furthermore	O
,	O
when	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
was	O
inoculated	O
into	O
SPF	B-PRGE
chickens	I-PRGE
,	O
pancreatitis	B-DISO
developed	O
.	O

There	O
is	O
,	O
however	O
,	O
only	O
minimal	O
understanding	O
of	O
the	O
dynamics	O
of	O
virus	B-SPEC
-	O
laden	O
aerosols	O
,	O
and	O
so	O
the	O
ability	O
to	O
control	O
and	O
prevent	O
virus	B-SPEC
spread	O
is	O
severely	O
reduced	O
,	O
as	O
was	O
clearly	O
demonstrated	O
during	O
the	O
recent	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
epidemic	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Seven	O
-	O
mer	O
phage	O
random	O
peptide	B-CHED
libraries	O
were	O
panned	O
against	O
2C10	O
,	O
a	O
monoclonal	O
antibody	B-COMP
that	O
showed	O
neutralizing	O
activities	O
against	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
.	O

Here	O
we	O
report	O
the	O
crystal	B-ANAT
structure	O
of	O
the	O
S1	O
receptor	B-PRGE
binding	I-PRGE
domain	I-PRGE
(	O
RBD	O
)	O
in	O
complex	O
with	O
a	O
neutralizing	O
antibody	B-COMP
,	O
80R	O
,	O
at	O
2	O
.	O
3	O
A	O
resolution	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
the	O
structure	O
of	O
the	O
uncomplexed	O
S1	O
RBD	O
at	O
2	O
.	O
2	O
A	O
resolution	O
.	O

Although	O
we	O
previously	O
detected	O
,	O
isolated	O
,	O
and	O
characterized	O
BCoV	O
strains	O
from	O
adult	O
cattle	B-SPEC
with	O
WD	O
(	O
WD	O
-	O
BCoV	O
strains	O
)	O
during	O
the	O
winter	O
in	O
South	O
Korea	O
,	O
the	O
precise	O
epidemiology	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
the	O
causative	O
agent	O
of	O
diarrhea	B-DISO
in	O
adult	O
cattle	B-SPEC
in	O
the	O
warmer	O
seasons	O
,	O
has	O
not	O
been	O
examined	O
.	O

Phylogenetic	O
analysis	O
of	O
the	O
spike	O
(	O
S	O
)	O
and	O
hemagglutinin	O
/	O
esterase	B-PRGE
(	O
HE	O
)	O
proteins	B-CHED
revealed	O
that	O
all	O
the	O
Korean	O
BCoVs	O
clustered	O
together	O
regardless	O
of	O
season	O
and	O
were	O
distinct	O
from	O
the	O
other	O
known	O
BCoVs	O
,	O
suggesting	O
a	O
distinct	O
evolutionary	O
pathway	B-PROC
for	O
the	O
Korean	O
BCoVs	O
.	O

These	O
and	O
previous	O
results	O
revealed	O
a	O
high	O
prevalence	O
and	O
widespread	O
geographical	O
distribution	O
of	O
BCoV	O
,	O
suggesting	O
that	O
this	O
virus	B-SPEC
is	O
endemic	O
in	O
adult	O
cattle	B-SPEC
with	O
diarrhea	B-DISO
in	O
all	O
seasons	O
in	O
South	O
Korea	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Outcome	O
of	O
patients	O
with	O
scleroderma	B-DISO
admitted	O
to	O
intensive	O
care	O
unit	O
.	O

We	O
present	O
the	O
features	O
,	O
clinical	O
course	O
and	O
outcome	O
of	O
critically	B-DISO
ill	I-DISO
patients	O
with	O
scleroderma	B-DISO
that	O
were	O
admitted	O
to	O
the	O
ICU	O
.	O

Although	O
infections	B-DISO
are	O
treatable	O
,	O
the	O
high	O
mortality	O
rate	O
for	O
this	O
group	O
of	O
patients	O
was	O
dependent	O
on	O
the	O
severity	O
of	O
the	O
underlying	O
visceral	O
organ	B-ANAT
involvement	O
,	O
particularly	O
severe	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
fibrosis	I-DISO
.	O

Limitations	O
of	O
conventional	O
crisis	O
management	O
and	O
current	O
findings	O
in	O
post	O
-	O
traumatic	O
growth	B-PROC
research	O
are	O
discussed	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Cooperative	O
involvement	O
of	O
the	O
S1	O
and	O
S2	O
subunits	O
of	O
the	O
murine	B-PRGE
coronavirus	I-PRGE
spike	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
in	O
receptor	O
binding	O
and	O
extended	O
host	B-COMP
range	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
study	O
the	O
process	O
of	O
spike	O
(	O
S	O
)-	O
receptor	O
interaction	O
during	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
entry	O
,	O
we	O
evaluated	O
the	O
contributions	O
of	O
mutations	O
in	O
different	O
regions	O
of	O
the	O
murine	B-DISO
hepatitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
MHV	B-SPEC
)	O
S	O
protein	B-CHED
to	O
natural	O
receptor	O
murine	B-SPEC
carcinoembryonic	O
antigen	B-CHED
-	O
related	O
cell	B-PROC
adhesion	B-DISO
molecule	O
1a	O
(	O
CEACAM1a	O
)	O
dependence	B-DISO
and	O
to	O
the	O
acquisition	O
of	O
extended	O
host	B-COMP
range	O
.	O

These	O
variant	O
viruses	B-SPEC
contain	O
several	O
mutations	O
in	O
the	O
S	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
that	O
confer	O
to	O
the	O
viruses	B-SPEC
the	O
ability	O
to	O
enter	O
cells	B-COMP
in	O
a	O
heparan	B-CHED
sulfate	I-CHED
-	O
dependent	O
manner	O
(	O
C	O
.	O
A	O
.	O
de	O
Haan	O
,	O
Z	O
.	O
Li	B-SPEC
,	O
E	O
.	O
te	O
Lintelo	O
,	O
B	O
.	O
J	O
.	O
Bosch	O
,	O
B	O
.	O
J	O
.	O
Haijema	O
,	O
and	O
P	O
.	O
J	O
.	O
M	O
.	O
Rottier	O
,	O
J	O
.	O
Virol	O
.	O

Severe	O
clinical	O
septic	O
and	O
traumatic	B-DISO
shock	I-DISO
cases	O
were	O
studied	O
.	O

Besides	O
,	O
there	O
was	O
no	O
significant	O
difference	O
in	O
results	O
of	O
CPET	O
between	O
subjects	O
recovered	O
from	O
SARS	B-DISO
and	O
those	O
never	O
infected	O
.	O

Besides	O
,	O
there	O
was	O
no	O
significant	O
difference	O
in	O
results	O
of	O
CPET	O
between	O
subjects	O
recovered	O
from	O
SARS	B-DISO
and	O
those	O
never	O
infected	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
This	O
survey	O
aimed	O
to	O
illustrate	O
factors	O
that	O
contribute	O
to	O
nurses	O
'	O
fear	O
when	O
faced	O
with	O
a	O
possible	O
human	O
-	O
to	O
-	O
human	B-SPEC
avian	B-DISO
flu	I-DISO
pandemic	O
and	O
their	O
willingness	O
to	O
care	O
for	O
patients	O
with	O
avian	B-DISO
flu	I-DISO
in	O
Taiwan	O
.	O

Two	O
monkey	B-SPEC
epithelial	B-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
lines	O
,	O
LLC	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
MK2	I-PRGE
and	O
Vero	O
-	O
B4	O
,	O
showed	O
a	O
cytopathic	B-DISO
effect	I-DISO
(	O
CPE	B-DISO
)	O
and	O
clear	O
viral	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
,	O
whereas	O
no	O
CPE	B-DISO
or	O
replication	O
was	O
observed	O
in	O
human	B-SPEC
lung	B-ANAT
fibroblasts	B-ANAT
MRC	O
-	O
5s	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Noninvasive	O
positive	O
-	O
pressure	O
ventilation	O
:	O
An	O
experimental	O
model	O
to	O
assess	O
air	B-CHED
and	O
particle	O
dispersion	O
.	O

When	O
IPAP	O
was	O
increased	O
to	O
18	O
cm	O
H2O	B-CHED
,	O
the	O
vertical	O
plume	O
extended	O
to	O
0	O
.	O
45	O
m	O
above	O
the	O
patient	O
with	O
some	O
horizontal	O
spreading	O
along	O
the	O
ward	O
ceiling	O
.	O

Substantial	O
exposure	O
to	O
exhaled	B-ANAT
air	B-CHED
occurs	O
within	O
a	O
0	O
.	O
5	O
-	O
m	O
radius	B-ANAT
of	O
patients	O
receiving	O
NPPV	O
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
Substantial	O
exposure	O
to	O
exhaled	B-ANAT
air	B-CHED
occurs	O
within	O
a	O
0	O
.	O
5	O
-	O
m	O
radius	B-ANAT
of	O
patients	O
receiving	O
NPPV	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
domestic	O
or	O
European	O
ferret	O
(	O
Mustela	B-SPEC
putorius	I-SPEC
furo	I-SPEC
)	O
has	O
been	O
domesticated	O
for	O
thousands	O
of	O
years	O
.	O

Our	O
results	O
showed	O
that	O
Vero	O
E6	O
cells	B-COMP
transfected	O
with	O
a	O
construct	O
for	O
expressing	O
3b	O
underwent	O
necrosis	B-PROC
as	O
early	O
as	O
6h	O
after	O
transfection	B-PROC
and	O
underwent	O
simultaneous	O
necrosis	B-PROC
and	O
apoptosis	B-PATH
at	O
later	O
time	O
-	O
points	O
.	O

The	O
3bDelta124	O
-	O
154	O
mutant	B-DISO
behaves	O
in	O
a	O
similar	O
manner	O
indicating	O
that	O
the	O
localization	B-PROC
of	O
the	O
3b	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
does	O
not	O
seems	O
to	O
be	O
important	O
for	O
the	O
cell	B-COMP
-	O
death	B-PROC
pathways	B-PROC
since	O
full	O
-	O
length	O
3b	O
is	O
localized	O
predominantly	O
to	O
the	O
nucleolus	B-COMP
,	O
while	O
the	O
mutant	B-DISO
is	O
found	O
to	O
be	O
concentrated	O
in	O
the	O
peri	O
-	O
nuclear	O
regions	O
.	O

In	O
total	O
69	O
bacterial	O
species	B-SPEC
were	O
isolated	O
from	O
65	O
(	O
54	O
.	O
8	O
%)	O
of	O
120	O
patients	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
SARS	B-DISO
:	O
systematic	O
review	O
of	O
treatment	O
effects	O
.	O

To	O
determine	O
the	O
role	O
in	O
replication	O
of	O
processing	O
between	O
nsp2	B-PRGE
and	O
nsp3	B-PRGE
at	O
cleavage	B-PROC
site	O
2	O
(	O
CS2	B-CHED
)	O
and	O
PLP1	B-PRGE
proteinase	I-PRGE
activity	O
,	O
mutations	O
were	O
engineered	O
into	O
the	O
MHV	B-SPEC
genome	O
at	O
CS2	B-CHED
,	O
at	O
CS1	B-PRGE
and	O
CS2	B-PRGE
,	O
and	O
at	O
the	O
PLP1	B-PRGE
catalytic	I-PRGE
site	I-PRGE
,	O
alone	O
and	O
in	O
combination	O
.	O

Mutant	B-DISO
viruses	B-SPEC
with	O
abolished	O
cleavage	B-PROC
at	O
CS2	B-CHED
were	O
delayed	O
in	O
growth	B-PROC
and	O
RNA	B-PROC
synthesis	I-PROC
but	O
grew	O
to	O
wild	O
-	O
type	O
titers	O
of	O
>	O
10	O
(	O
7	O
)	O
PFU	B-CHED
/	O
ml	O
.	O

To	O
determine	O
whether	O
HECV	O
-	O
4408	O
infects	O
gnotobiotic	O
calves	O
and	O
induces	O
cross	O
-	O
protective	O
immunity	B-PROC
against	O
the	O
virulent	O
enteric	O
BCoV	O
DB2	O
strain	O
,	O
gnotobiotic	O
calves	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
4	O
)	O
were	O
orally	B-ANAT
inoculated	O
with	O
HECV	O
-	O
4408	O
and	O
then	O
challenged	O
with	O
BCoV	O
DB2	O
at	O
postinoculation	O
day	O
(	O
PID	B-DISO
)	O
21	O
.	O

At	O
postchallenge	O
day	O
7	O
,	O
serum	B-COMP
IgG	B-PRGE
and	O
fecal	B-ANAT
IgA	B-COMP
antibody	I-COMP
titers	O
remained	O
the	O
same	O
or	O
increased	O
only	O
twofold	O
compared	O
to	O
prechallenge	O
titers	O
.	O

This	O
domain	O
was	O
shown	O
to	O
interact	O
with	O
the	O
genomic	O
RNA	O
for	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
IBV	B-SPEC
)	O
and	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
).	O

This	O
study	O
thus	O
identifies	O
residues	O
critical	O
for	O
RNA	B-FUNC
binding	I-FUNC
on	O
the	O
nucleocapsid	B-COMP
surface	O
,	O
and	O
presents	O
biochemical	O
and	O
genetic	O
evidence	O
that	O
directly	O
links	O
the	O
RNA	B-FUNC
binding	I-FUNC
capacity	O
of	O
the	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
N	O
protein	B-CHED
to	O
the	O
viral	O
infectivity	O
in	O
cultured	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
.	O

This	O
information	O
would	O
be	O
useful	O
in	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
preventive	O
and	O
treatment	O
approaches	O
against	O
coronavirus	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
.	O

Pigs	B-SPEC
were	O
ventilated	O
at	O
random	O
conventionally	O
with	O
positive	O
end	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
expiratory	I-PROC
pressure	O
2	O
-	O
3	O
cm	O
H2O	B-CHED
and	O
tidal	O
volume	O
10	O
-	O
12	O
mL	O
/	O
kg	O
(	O
control	O
),	O
with	O
CLPV	O
(	O
positive	O
end	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
expiratory	I-PROC
pressure	O
10	O
cm	O
H2O	B-CHED
,	O
tidal	O
volume	O
6	O
mL	O
/	O
kg	O
),	O
or	O
with	O
HFOV	O
.	O

Compared	O
with	O
control	O
,	O
oxygenation	B-PROC
was	O
worse	O
with	O
CLPV	O
and	O
HFOV	O
.	O

With	O
HFOV	O
and	O
CLPV	O
,	O
mean	O
arterial	B-PROC
pressure	I-PROC
,	O
cardiac	B-ANAT
output	O
,	O
and	O
stroke	B-DISO
volume	O
decreased	O
significantly	O
;	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
arterial	B-ANAT
elastance	O
increased	O
.	O

In	O
the	O
absence	O
of	O
a	O
fluid	O
resuscitation	O
strategy	O
,	O
CLPV	O
and	O
HFOV	O
caused	O
decreased	O
mean	O
arterial	B-PROC
pressure	I-PROC
,	O
cardiac	B-ANAT
output	O
,	O
and	O
stroke	B-DISO
volume	O
and	O
worsened	O
oxygenation	B-PROC
in	O
this	O
normal	O
lung	B-ANAT
animal	B-SPEC
model	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Identification	O
of	O
a	O
B	B-ANAT
-	I-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
antigenic	O
epitope	B-CHED
at	O
the	O
N	O
-	O
terminus	O
of	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
M	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
and	O
characterization	O
of	O
monoclonal	O
antibody	O
against	O
the	O
protein	B-CHED
.	O

Coronavirus	B-SPEC
nucleoproteins	O
(	O
N	O
)	O
are	O
nonspecific	O
RNA	O
-	O
binding	B-FUNC
proteins	B-CHED
with	O
long	O
disordered	O
regions	O
.	O

In	O
addition	O
,	O
we	O
have	O
shown	O
that	O
purified	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)-	O
CoV	B-PRGE
N	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
also	O
has	O
RNA	O
chaperone	B-PROC
activity	I-PROC
.	O

In	O
silico	O
predictions	O
of	O
disordered	O
domains	O
showed	O
a	O
similar	O
pattern	O
for	O
all	O
coronavirus	O
N	O
proteins	B-CHED
evaluated	O
.	O

Altogether	O
,	O
these	O
data	O
led	O
us	O
to	O
suggest	O
that	O
all	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
N	O
proteins	B-CHED
might	O
be	O
RNA	O
chaperones	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
An	O
arginine	B-CHED
-	O
to	O
-	O
proline	O
mutation	O
in	O
a	O
domain	O
with	O
undefined	O
functions	O
within	O
the	O
helicase	B-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
(	O
Nsp13	O
)	O
is	O
lethal	O
to	O
the	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
in	O
cultured	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
.	O

However	O
,	O
mutation	O
of	O
the	O
Arg132	O
residue	O
to	O
Leu	B-CHED
,	O
a	O
conserved	O
residue	O
in	O
other	O
coronaviruses	O
at	O
the	O
same	O
position	O
,	O
reduced	O
the	O
recovery	O
rate	O
of	O
the	O
in	O
vitro	O
-	O
synthesized	O
transcripts	O
.	O

The	O
recovered	O
mutant	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
showed	O
much	O
smaller	O
-	O
sized	O
plaques	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
ANN	O
-	O
based	O
mapping	O
of	O
febrile	B-PROC
subjects	O
in	O
mass	O
thermogram	O
screening	O
:	O
facts	O
and	O
myths	O
.	O

In	O
particular	O
,	O
in	O
a	O
competing	O
risks	O
context	O
,	O
the	O
case	O
fatality	O
ratio	O
is	O
defined	O
by	O
the	O
limiting	O
value	O
of	O
the	O
sub	O
-	O
distribution	O
function	O
,	O
F	O
(	O
1	O
)(	O
t	O
)	O
=	O
Pr	O
(	O
T	O
<	O
or	O
=	O
t	O
and	O
J	O
=	O
1	O
),	O
associated	O
with	O
death	B-PROC
,	O
as	O
t	O
-->	O
infinity	O
,	O
where	O
T	O
denotes	O
the	O
time	O
from	O
onset	O
to	O
death	B-PROC
(	O
J	O
=	O
1	O
)	O
or	O
recovery	O
(	O
J	O
=	O
2	O
).	O

Finally	O
,	O
according	O
to	O
recent	O
studies	O
,	O
the	O
stabilization	O
of	O
the	O
trimeric	O
bundle	O
is	O
linked	O
to	O
a	O
higher	O
fusion	O
activity	O
of	O
the	O
spike	O
protein	B-CHED
,	O
and	O
the	O
possible	O
influence	O
of	O
the	O
GxxxG	O
motif	O
on	O
this	O
feature	O
is	O
discussed	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Communicable	O
respiratory	O
threats	O
in	O
the	O
ED	O
:	O
tuberculosis	B-PATH
,	O
influenza	B-DISO
,	O
SARS	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
other	O
aerosolized	O
infections	O
.	O

These	O
diseases	O
include	O
influenza	B-DISO
,	O
tuberculosis	B-PATH
,	O
and	O
measles	B-PATH
,	O
together	O
accounting	O
for	O
25	O
%	O
of	O
infectious	B-DISO
causes	O
of	O
death	B-PROC
worldwide	O
.	O

These	O
are	O
emerging	O
and	O
biothreat	O
agents	O
that	O
follow	O
the	O
same	O
route	O
of	O
transmission	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
pneumonic	B-DISO
plague	I-DISO
.	O

We	O
discuss	O
epidemiology	O
,	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
,	O
diagnosis	O
,	O
and	O
treatment	O
of	O
each	O
agent	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
A	O
prospective	O
hospital	O
-	O
based	O
study	O
of	O
the	O
clinical	O
impact	O
of	O
non	O
-	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
Non	O
-	O
SARS	B-DISO
)-	O
related	O
human	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
infection	O
.	O

Six	O
hundred	O
and	O
eighty	O
-	O
six	O
women	O
admitted	O
with	O
a	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
pre	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
eclampsia	I-DISO
were	O
included	O
.	O

Taken	O
together	O
,	O
our	O
results	O
suggest	O
that	O
rapid	O
production	O
of	O
type	B-PRGE
I	I-PRGE
IFNs	I-PRGE
by	O
pDCs	O
is	O
essential	O
for	O
the	O
control	O
of	O
potentially	O
lethal	O
coronavirus	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
.	O

CD4	B-PRGE
+	I-PRGE
and	O
CD8	B-PRGE
+	I-PRGE
spleen	B-ANAT
T	B-ANAT
lymphocytes	I-ANAT
were	O
analyzed	O
by	O
flow	O
cytometry	O
(	O
FCM	B-CHED
)	O
to	O
evaluate	O
T	B-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
-	O
mediated	O
immune	B-PROC
responses	I-PROC
,	O
the	O
antigen	B-CHED
-	O
specific	O
responses	O
of	O
T	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
were	O
evaluated	O
by	O
cytotoxic	B-ANAT
T	I-ANAT
lymphocyte	I-ANAT
(	O
CTL	B-ANAT
)	O
assay	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
level	O
of	O
IgG	B-PRGE
in	O
antisera	O
from	O
immunized	O
mice	B-SPEC
was	O
determined	O
by	O
enzyme	O
-	O
linked	O
immunosorbent	O
assay	O
.	O

These	O
results	O
are	O
promising	O
for	O
the	O
protective	O
immunization	O
of	O
humans	B-SPEC
.	O

Infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
IBV	B-SPEC
)	O
strain	O
closely	O
related	O
to	O
Massachusetts	O
(	O
Mass	O
)	O
serotype	O
was	O
isolated	O
from	O
broiler	O
chickens	B-SPEC
suffering	B-DISO
from	O
severe	O
renal	B-ANAT
and	O
respiratory	O
distresses	O
.	O

Periodical	O
evaluation	O
of	O
cross	O
-	O
protective	O
capabilities	O
of	O
IBV	B-SPEC
vaccine	O
(	O
s	O
)	O
versus	O
recently	O
recovered	O
field	O
isolates	O
should	O
be	O
performed	O
to	O
ensure	O
optimum	O
control	O
of	O
IBV	B-SPEC
.	O

Protection	O
based	O
criteria	O
were	O
:	O
virus	B-SPEC
re	O
-	O
isolation	O
attempts	O
from	O
trachea	B-DISO
,	O
tracheal	O
and	O
renal	B-ANAT
histopathology	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
IBV	B-SPEC
antigens	B-CHED
detection	O
by	O
immunofluorescent	O
antibody	B-COMP
technique	O
in	O
kidney	B-ANAT
sections	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Characterization	O
of	O
White	B-SPEC
bream	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
reveals	O
a	O
novel	O
genetic	O
cluster	O
of	O
nidoviruses	B-SPEC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
order	O
Nidovirales	O
comprises	O
viruses	B-SPEC
from	O
the	O
families	O
Coronaviridae	B-SPEC
(	O
genera	O
Coronavirus	B-SPEC
and	O
Torovirus	B-SPEC
),	O
Roniviridae	B-SPEC
(	O
genus	B-SPEC
Okavirus	I-SPEC
),	O
and	O
Arteriviridae	B-SPEC
(	O
genus	B-SPEC
Arterivirus	I-SPEC
).	O

Intriguingly	O
,	O
ACE2	B-PRGE
acts	O
as	O
a	O
protective	O
factor	O
in	O
various	O
experimental	O
models	O
of	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
failure	O
and	O
,	O
therefore	O
,	O
acts	O
not	O
only	O
as	O
a	O
key	O
determinant	O
for	O
SARS	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
entry	O
into	O
cells	B-COMP
but	O
also	O
contributes	O
to	O
SARS	B-DISO
pathogenesis	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Quantitative	O
comparison	O
of	O
the	O
efficiency	O
of	O
antibodies	B-COMP
against	O
S1	O
and	O
S2	O
subunit	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
spike	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
in	O
virus	B-PROC
neutralization	I-PROC
and	O
blocking	B-DISO
of	O
receptor	B-FUNC
binding	I-FUNC
:	O
implications	O
for	O
the	O
functional	O
roles	O
of	O
S2	B-PRGE
subunit	I-PRGE
.	O

The	O
efficiency	O
of	O
these	O
purified	O
IgGs	O
in	O
virus	B-PROC
neutralization	I-PROC
and	O
blocking	B-DISO
of	O
receptor	B-FUNC
binding	I-FUNC
were	O
compared	O
quantitatively	O
using	O
virus	B-PROC
neutralization	I-PROC
assay	O
and	O
a	O
previously	O
developed	O
cell	B-COMP
-	O
based	O
receptor	B-FUNC
binding	I-FUNC
assay	O
,	O
respectively	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Molecular	O
epizootiology	O
of	O
avian	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
bronchitis	I-DISO
in	O
Russia	O
.	O

The	O
nucleotide	B-CHED
and	O
amino	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
similarities	O
between	O
the	O
eight	O
IB	O
vaccine	O
strains	O
and	O
the	O
field	O
strain	O
,	O
tl	O
/	O
CH	O
/	O
LDT3	O
/	O
03	O
,	O
which	O
was	O
isolated	O
from	O
a	O
teal	O
(	O
Anas	B-SPEC
sp	O
.),	O
were	O
not	O
more	O
than	O
81	O
.	O
1	O
%	O
and	O
79	O
.	O
2	O
%,	O
respectively	O
.	O

To	O
evaluate	O
the	O
molecular	O
mechanisms	O
involved	O
in	O
the	O
viral	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
,	O
in	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
we	O
investigated	O
the	O
role	O
of	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
Spike	I-PRGE
(	I-PRGE
S	I-PRGE
)	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
in	O
the	O
regulation	B-PROC
of	O
cyclooxygenase	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
(	O
COX	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
).	O

Expression	B-PROC
of	O
COX	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
stimulated	O
by	O
the	O
S	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
was	O
verified	O
by	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
and	O
western	O
blot	O
assay	O
.	O

The	O
native	B-PRGE
S1	I-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
was	O
modified	O
at	O
A	O
+	O
T	O
abundant	O
regions	O
;	O
n	O
.	O
t	O
.	O
777	O
-	O
1683	O
,	O
n	O
.	O
t	O
.	O
1041	O
-	O
1050	O
,	O
n	O
.	O
t	O
.	O
1236	O
-	O
1248	O
,	O
n	O
.	O
t	O
.	O
1317	O
-	O
1335	O
,	O
n	O
.	O
t	O
.	O
1590	O
-	O
1605	O
;	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
same	O
amino	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
sequences	O
.	O

The	O
resultant	O
plasmid	O
pPIC9K	O
-	O
S1	O
was	O
transformed	O
into	O
Pichia	B-SPEC
pastoris	I-SPEC
GS	O
115	O
and	O
the	O
protein	B-PROC
expression	B-PROC
was	O
induced	O
with	O
methanol	B-CHED
.	O

SDS	B-DISO
-	O
PAGE	O
confirmed	O
that	O
the	O
recombinant	O
SI	O
was	O
secreted	B-PROC
in	O
the	O
supernatant	O
of	O
induced	O
GS	O
115	O
.	O

The	O
protein	B-CHED
yield	O
reached	O
69	O
mg	O
/	O
l	O
.	O

ELISA	O
and	O
Western	O
blot	O
demonstrated	O
that	O
the	O
S1	O
could	O
react	O
with	O
the	O
convalescent	O
sera	B-COMP
of	O
people	O
infected	O
by	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
.	O
Furthermore	O
,	O
ligand	B-PROC
blot	O
assay	O
showed	O
that	O
the	O
recombinant	O
S1	O
could	O
react	O
with	O
ACE2	B-PRGE
,	O
the	O
receptor	O
of	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
.	O
The	O
molecular	O
mass	O
of	O
expressed	B-PROC
S1	O
was	O
about	O
70	O
kDa	O
,	O
which	O
was	O
higher	O
than	O
that	O
of	O
the	O
30	O
kDa	O
expected	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Pathology	B-DISO
of	O
the	O
thyroid	B-ANAT
in	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

Follicular	B-ANAT
architecture	O
was	O
altered	O
and	O
showed	O
distortion	B-DISO
,	O
dilatation	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
collapse	B-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
is	O
a	O
newly	O
identified	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
CoV	O
)	O
that	O
causes	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
).	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
performances	O
of	O
four	O
multiplex	O
PCR	O
(	O
m	O
-	O
PCR	O
)	O
were	O
compared	O
to	O
direct	O
immunofluorescence	O
assay	O
(	O
DFA	B-CHED
)	O
and	O
HuH7	O
cell	B-COMP
culture	O
for	O
the	O
detection	O
of	O
viruses	B-SPEC
in	O
263	O
children	O
admitted	O
to	O
hospital	O
with	O
an	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
illness	O
.	O

The	O
m	O
-	O
PCR	O
detected	O
124	O
viruses	B-SPEC
which	O
were	O
not	O
found	O
by	O
conventional	O
methods	O
:	O
68	O
rhinovirus	B-SPEC
,	O
17	O
human	B-SPEC
metapneumovirus	I-SPEC
,	O
15	O
respiratory	B-SPEC
syncytial	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
RSV	B-SPEC
),	O
8	O
parainfluenza	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
PIV	O
),	O
5	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
229E	O
,	O
3	O
OC43	O
and	O
3	O
NL63	O
,	O
4	O
enterovirus	B-SPEC
,	O
2	O
influenza	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
B	O
and	O
C	O
virus	B-SPEC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
A	O
negative	O
-	O
pressure	O
operating	O
theater	O
is	O
required	O
to	O
limit	O
the	O
spread	O
of	O
respiratory	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
in	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
,	O
tuberculosis	B-DISO
,	I-DISO
avian	B-SPEC
influenza	B-DISO
,	O
or	O
similar	O
infectious	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
.	O

In	O
this	O
article	O
,	O
we	O
introduce	O
its	O
ventilation	O
design	O
and	O
evaluate	O
the	O
airflow	B-PROC
performance	O
in	O
relation	O
to	O
different	O
combinations	O
of	O
medical	O
lamp	O
configurations	O
and	O
modes	O
of	O
launching	O
infectious	B-DISO
particles	O
into	O
the	O
room	O
air	B-CHED
.	O

The	O
airflow	B-PROC
pattern	O
effectively	O
controlled	O
the	O
dispersion	O
of	O
infectious	B-DISO
particles	O
.	O

Computational	O
fluid	O
dynamics	O
can	O
be	O
used	O
to	O
assess	O
airflow	B-PROC
in	O
a	O
negative	O
-	O
pressure	O
operating	O
room	O
and	O
model	O
the	O
dispersion	O
of	O
infectious	B-DISO
particles	O
from	O
the	O
patient	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Our	O
analyses	O
showed	O
that	O
the	O
airflow	B-PROC
performance	O
in	O
the	O
negative	O
-	O
pressure	O
operating	O
theater	O
was	O
satisfactory	O
and	O
comparable	O
to	O
the	O
original	O
positive	O
-	O
pressure	O
design	O
.	O

Applying	O
this	O
method	O
to	O
SARS	B-DISO
DNA	O
sequence	O
analysis	O
,	O
a	O
characteristic	O
of	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
differing	O
from	O
non	O
-	O
SARS	B-DISO
is	O
discovered	O
.	O

The	O
use	O
of	O
models	O
leads	O
to	O
a	O
'	O
made	O
-	O
to	O
-	O
measure	O
'	O
analysis	O
ofthe	O
effects	O
and	O
costs	O
of	O
preventative	O
and	O
intervention	O
measures	O
which	O
takes	O
account	O
of	O
the	O
specific	O
characteristics	O
of	O
infectious	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Coronavirus	B-SPEC
nucleocapsid	B-COMP
(	O
N	O
)	O
protein	B-CHED
envelops	O
the	O
genomic	O
RNA	O
to	O
form	O
long	O
helical	O
nucleocapsid	B-COMP
during	O
virion	B-PROC
assembly	I-PROC
.	O

The	O
frequency	O
of	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
NL63	I-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
increased	O
from	O
1	O
%	O
in	O
2003	O
-	O
2004	O
to	O
10	O
%	O
in	O
2004	O
-	O
2005	O
.	O

Effective	O
methods	O
for	O
inactivating	O
the	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
in	O
protein	B-CHED
solutions	O
are	O
described	O
in	O
this	O
report	O
.	O

The	O
presence	O
of	O
bovine	B-PRGE
serum	B-COMP
albumin	I-PRGE
limited	O
the	O
ability	O
of	O
UVC	O
and	O
UVA	O
to	O
inactivate	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
and	O
octanoic	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
treatment	O
does	O
not	O
reduce	O
the	O
infectivity	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
-	O
spiked	O
protein	B-CHED
solutions	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Viral	O
inactivation	B-DISO
by	O
heat	O
treatment	O
at	O
60	O
degrees	O
C	O
required	O
15	O
to	O
30	O
minutes	O
to	O
inactivate	O
the	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
.	O
UVC	O
efficiently	O
inactivated	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
in	O
40	O
minutes	O
,	O
whereas	O
UVA	O
required	O
the	O
addition	O
of	O
psoralen	B-CHED
to	O
enhance	O
inactivation	B-DISO
of	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
The	O
role	O
of	O
biosensors	O
in	O
the	O
detection	O
of	O
emerging	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
.	O

There	O
is	O
no	O
doubt	O
that	O
the	O
glucose	B-CHED
biosensor	O
,	O
the	O
gene	O
chip	O
,	O
the	O
protein	B-CHED
chip	O
,	O
etc	O
.	O
have	O
all	O
played	O
and	O
are	O
still	O
playing	O
a	O
significant	O
role	O
in	O
monitoring	O
various	O
biomolecules	O
.	O

Western	O
blot	O
analysis	O
revealed	O
the	O
efficient	O
expression	B-PROC
of	O
both	O
the	O
SIP	B-PRGE
and	O
IgA	B-PRGE
molecules	O
.	O

We	O
generated	O
a	O
SARS	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
spike	O
protein	B-CHED
-	O
expressing	O
recombinant	O
vaccinia	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
RVV	O
-	O
S	O
)	O
using	O
highly	O
attenuated	O
strain	O
LC16m8	O
.	O

Intradermal	O
administration	O
of	O
RVV	O
-	O
S	O
into	O
rabbits	B-SPEC
induced	O
neutralizing	O
(	O
NT	O
)	O
antibodies	B-COMP
against	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
1	O
week	O
after	O
administration	O
and	O
the	O
NT	O
titer	O
reached	O
1	O
:	O
1000	O
after	O
boost	O
immunization	O
with	O
RVV	O
-	O
S	O
.	O
Significantly	O
,	O
NT	O
antibodies	B-COMP
against	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
were	O
induced	O
by	O
administration	O
of	O
RVV	O
-	O
S	O
to	O
rabbits	B-SPEC
that	O
had	O
been	O
pre	O
-	O
immunized	O
with	O
LC16m8	O
.	O

These	O
include	O
the	O
integration	B-PROC
of	O
the	O
emergency	B-DISO
medical	O
services	O
and	O
health	O
-	O
facility	O
medical	O
systems	O
with	O
other	O
response	O
systems	O
;	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
the	O
hospital	O
emergency	O
incident	O
command	O
system	O
;	O
crisis	O
risk	O
-	O
communications	O
approaches	O
;	O
and	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
practical	O
,	O
hands	B-ANAT
-	O
on	O
training	O
programs	O
.	O

This	O
comprises	O
health	O
requirements	O
for	O
inbound	O
and	O
outbound	O
travellers	O
at	O
the	O
border	B-ANAT
checkpoints	O
and	O
global	O
information	O
exchange	O
to	O
mitigate	O
the	O
risks	O
of	O
travel	O
abroad	O
.	O

Early	O
initiation	O
of	O
ECMO	O
therapy	O
along	O
with	O
protective	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
strategy	O
resulted	O
in	O
an	O
excellent	O
maternal	O
and	O
fetal	B-ANAT
outcome	O
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
Extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenation	B-PROC
can	O
be	O
life	O
saving	O
when	O
initiated	O
early	O
in	O
pregnant	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
insufficiency	I-DISO
unresponsive	O
to	O
conventional	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
.	O

Pneumonia	B-DISO
was	O
diagnosed	O
based	O
on	O
predefined	O
criteria	O
and	O
retrospectively	O
confirmed	O
by	O
two	O
observers	O
.	O

Delaying	O
intubation	O
may	O
increase	O
the	O
risk	O
of	O
early	O
-	O
onset	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
.	O

Positive	O
selection	O
was	O
detected	O
in	O
the	O
first	O
two	O
groups	O
,	O
which	O
represent	O
the	O
course	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
interspecies	O
transmission	O
and	O
of	O
viral	O
adaptation	B-PROC
to	O
human	B-SPEC
host	B-COMP
,	O
respectively	O
.	O

These	O
indicate	O
that	O
S	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
experiences	O
variable	O
positive	O
selective	O
pressures	O
before	O
reaching	B-PROC
stabilization	O
.	O

Coincubation	O
with	O
a	O
minimum	O
of	O
10	O
(	O
5	O
)/	O
ml	O
of	O
fluorescent	O
microspheres	O
showed	O
that	O
particles	O
with	O
a	O
diameter	O
of	O
20	O
nm	O
but	O
not	O
100	O
nm	O
crossed	O
the	O
ZP	O
of	O
murine	B-SPEC
blastocysts	B-ANAT
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
New	O
and	O
emerging	O
diseases	O
,	O
combined	O
with	O
the	O
rapid	O
spread	O
of	O
pathogens	O
resistant	O
to	O
antibiotics	O
and	O
of	O
disease	O
-	O
carrying	O
insects	B-SPEC
resistant	O
to	O
insecticides	B-CHED
,	O
are	O
daunting	O
challenges	O
to	O
human	B-SPEC
health	O
.	O

Emerging	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
are	O
almost	O
instantaneously	O
a	O
global	O
concern	O
because	O
of	O
the	O
speed	O
with	O
which	O
people	O
,	O
animals	B-SPEC
and	O
products	O
move	B-PROC
around	O
the	O
world	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Complete	O
genomic	O
sequences	O
,	O
a	O
key	O
residue	O
in	O
the	O
spike	O
protein	B-CHED
and	O
deletions	O
in	O
nonstructural	O
protein	O
3b	O
of	O
US	O
strains	O
of	O
the	O
virulent	O
and	O
attenuated	O
coronaviruses	O
,	O
transmissible	O
gastroenteritis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
and	O
porcine	B-SPEC
respiratory	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Transmissible	O
gastroenteritis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
)	O
isolates	O
that	O
have	O
been	O
adapted	O
to	O
passage	O
in	O
cell	B-COMP
culture	O
maintain	O
their	O
infectivity	O
in	O
vitro	O
but	O
may	O
lose	O
their	O
pathogenicity	O
in	O
vivo	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
In	O
(+)	O
RNA	O
coronaviruses	O
,	O
replication	O
and	O
transcription	O
of	O
the	O
giant	B-DISO
approximately	O
30	O
kb	O
genome	O
to	O
produce	O
genome	O
-	O
and	O
subgenome	O
-	O
size	O
RNAs	O
of	O
both	O
polarities	O
are	O
mediated	O
by	O
a	O
cognate	O
membrane	B-COMP
-	O
bound	O
enzymatic	O
complex	O
.	O

Its	O
RNA	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
dependent	I-PRGE
RNA	I-PRGE
polymerase	I-PRGE
(	O
RdRp	B-PATH
)	O
activity	O
appears	O
to	O
be	O
supplied	O
by	O
non	O
-	O
structural	O
protein	B-CHED
12	O
(	O
nsp12	O
)	O
that	O
includes	O
an	O
RdRp	B-PATH
domain	O
conserved	O
in	O
all	O
RNA	O
viruses	B-SPEC
.	O

This	O
protein	B-CHED
strongly	O
prefers	O
the	O
internal	O
5	O
'-(	O
G	O
/	O
U	O
)	O
CC	O
-	O
3	O
'	O
trinucleotides	O
on	O
RNA	O
templates	O
to	O
initiate	O
the	O
synthesis	B-PROC
of	O
complementary	O
oligonucleotides	B-CHED
of	O
<	O
6	O
residues	O
in	O
a	O
reaction	O
whose	O
fidelity	O
is	O
relatively	O
low	O
.	O

Distant	O
structural	O
homology	O
between	O
the	O
C	O
-	O
terminal	O
domain	O
of	O
nsp8	O
and	O
the	O
catalytic	O
palm	B-ANAT
subdomain	O
of	O
RdRps	O
of	O
RNA	O
viruses	B-SPEC
suggests	O
a	O
common	O
origin	O
of	O
the	O
two	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
RdRps	O
,	O
which	O
however	O
may	O
have	O
evolved	O
different	O
sets	O
of	O
catalytic	O
residues	O
.	O

The	O
identification	O
of	O
a	O
viral	O
gene	O
,	O
M	O
,	O
in	O
SSH	O
cDNA	O
library	O
shows	O
the	O
long	O
-	O
term	O
existence	O
of	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
in	O
vivo	O
.	O

In	O
addition	O
,	O
some	O
oxidative	B-DISO
stress	I-DISO
sensitive	O
genes	O
,	O
heat	B-PROC
shock	I-PROC
proteins	B-CHED
,	O
transcription	B-PROC
factors	O
,	O
and	O
cytokines	O
showed	O
remarkable	O
elevation	O
.	O

Similarly	O
,	O
the	O
important	O
cause	O
of	O
mortality	O
in	O
2001	O
was	O
multiple	B-DISO
organ	I-DISO
dysfunction	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
71	O
.	O
10	O
%)	O
with	O
predominant	O
presentation	O
of	O
jaundice	B-DISO
and	O
renal	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
,	O
whereas	O
in	O
1994	O
,	O
it	O
was	O
cerebral	B-DISO
malaria	B-PATH
(	O
77	O
.	O
96	O
%).	O

The	O
observation	O
of	O
changing	O
spectrum	O
of	O
severe	O
malaria	B-PATH
in	O
this	O
study	O
and	O
a	O
significant	O
increase	O
in	O
presentation	O
with	O
jaundice	B-DISO
as	O
an	O
important	O
manifestation	O
is	O
highly	O
essential	O
for	O
primary	O
,	O
secondary	O
and	O
tertiary	O
level	O
health	O
care	O
providers	O
for	O
proper	O
diagnosis	O
and	O
management	O
.	O

Influenza	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
also	O
causes	O
a	O
significant	O
burden	O
of	O
disease	O
in	O
young	O
children	O
,	O
although	O
its	O
significance	O
in	O
children	O
was	O
not	O
fully	O
recognized	O
until	O
recently	O
.	O

The	O
escalating	O
rate	O
of	O
emergence	O
of	O
new	O
infectious	B-DISO
agents	O
,	O
fortunately	O
meeting	O
with	O
equally	O
rapid	O
advancements	O
in	O
molecular	O
methods	O
of	O
surveillance	O
and	O
pathogen	O
discovery	O
,	O
means	O
that	O
new	O
organisms	O
will	O
soon	O
be	O
added	O
to	O
the	O
list	O
.	O

A	O
close	O
relationship	O
between	O
bovine	B-SPEC
coronaviruses	O
(	O
BCoVs	O
)	O
and	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
OC43	I-SPEC
has	O
recently	O
been	O
demonstrated	O
.	O

Cryptosporidium	B-SPEC
oocysts	O
were	O
detected	O
in	O
291	O
of	O
779	O
(	O
37	O
.	O
4	O
%)	O
animals	B-SPEC
.	O

The	O
prevalence	O
rates	O
of	O
rotavirus	B-SPEC
,	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
,	O
and	O
Escherichia	B-SPEC
coli	I-SPEC
K99	O
+	O
were	O
lower	O
as	O
seen	O
in	O
242	O
of	O
806	O
(	O
30	O
.	O
0	O
%),	O
46	O
/	O
806	O
(	O
5	O
.	O
7	O
%),	O
and	O
16	O
/	O
421	O
(	O
3	O
.	O
8	O
%)	O
of	O
animals	B-SPEC
,	O
respectively	O
.	O

in	O
calves	O
and	O
humans	B-SPEC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Numerous	O
studies	O
have	O
suggested	O
that	O
high	O
-	O
frequency	O
oscillatory	O
ventilation	O
(	O
HFOV	O
)	O
used	O
as	O
rescue	O
therapy	O
may	O
improve	O
oxygenation	B-PROC
in	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
patients	O
.	O

In	O
1918	O
,	O
Toronto	O
'	O
s	O
MOH	O
Charles	O
Hastings	O
was	O
the	O
acknowledged	O
leader	O
of	O
efforts	O
to	O
contain	O
the	O
disease	O
,	O
care	O
for	O
the	O
sick	O
,	O
and	O
develop	O
an	O
effective	O
vaccine	O
,	O
because	O
neither	O
a	O
federal	O
health	O
department	O
nor	O
an	O
international	O
body	B-ANAT
like	O
WHO	O
existed	O
.	O

With	O
growing	O
concern	O
about	O
a	O
flu	O
pandemic	O
,	O
the	O
lessons	O
of	O
the	O
past	O
provide	O
a	O
foundation	O
for	O
future	O
communicable	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
control	O
activities	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Severe	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
is	O
an	O
emerging	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
caused	O
by	O
a	O
novel	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
.	O

Recent	O
studies	O
have	O
suggested	O
a	O
remote	O
effect	O
of	O
ARF	B-DISO
on	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
homeostasis	B-PROC
.	O

For	O
elucidation	O
of	O
the	O
impact	O
of	O
ARF	B-DISO
on	O
aseptic	O
ALI	O
,	O
a	O
murine	B-SPEC
two	O
-	O
hit	O
model	O
that	O
consists	O
of	O
acute	O
uremia	B-DISO
(	O
AU	O
)	O
and	O
subsequent	O
ALI	O
was	O
developed	O
.	O

Between	O
normal	O
and	O
uremic	O
neutrophils	B-ANAT
,	O
there	O
were	O
no	O
differences	O
in	O
apoptosis	B-PATH
or	O
superoxide	B-CHED
production	O
.	O

In	O
conclusion	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
shown	O
that	O
AU	O
but	O
not	O
renal	B-ANAT
inflammation	B-DISO
attenuates	O
aseptic	O
,	O
neutrophil	B-ANAT
-	O
dependent	O
ALI	O
and	O
exerts	B-PROC
an	O
anti	O
-	O
inflammatory	O
effect	O
by	O
attenuating	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
neutrophil	B-PROC
recruitment	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
antibody	B-COMP
was	O
used	O
as	O
target	O
and	O
three	O
rounds	O
of	O
bio	O
-	O
panning	O
were	O
conducted	O
with	O
phage	O
-	O
display	O
peptide	B-CHED
library	O
.	O

After	O
the	O
third	O
panning	O
,	O
20	O
phage	O
-	O
plague	B-DISO
clones	O
were	O
randomly	O
picked	O
and	O
analyzed	O
for	O
the	O
binding	B-FUNC
ability	O
with	O
the	O
MAb	O
2C5	O
by	O
ELISA	O
.	O

Interestingly	O
,	O
mutagenesis	B-PROC
of	O
Tyr414	O
showed	O
that	O
while	O
this	O
residue	O
can	O
tolerate	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
substitutions	O
,	O
it	O
was	O
intolerant	O
of	O
Lysine	O
or	O
deletion	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
The	O
nsp2	B-PRGE
proteins	I-PRGE
of	O
mouse	B-DISO
hepatitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
and	O
SARS	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
are	O
dispensable	O
for	O
viral	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
.	O

The	O
SCID	B-DISO
-	O
PBL	O
/	O
hu	O
mice	B-SPEC
were	O
immunized	O
with	O
SARS	B-DISO
(	O
N	O
)	O
DNA	O
or	O
(	O
M	O
)	O
DNA	O
and	O
analyzed	O
for	O
a	O
human	B-SPEC
T	B-ANAT
-	I-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
immune	B-PROC
response	I-PROC
.	O

Furthermore	O
,	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
N	O
DNA	O
vaccine	O
induced	O
CTL	B-ANAT
activity	O
(	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
gamma	I-PRGE
production	O
by	O
recombinant	B-PRGE
N	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
or	O
N	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
-	O
pulsed	O
autologous	O
B	O
blast	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
)	O
and	O
proliferation	B-DISO
of	O
spleen	B-ANAT
cells	B-COMP
in	O
SCID	B-DISO
-	O
PBL	O
/	O
hu	O
mice	B-SPEC
.	O

By	O
immobilizing	O
the	O
DNA	O
probe	O
through	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
GBP	O
-	O
fused	O
cSA	B-DISO
,	O
specific	O
hybridization	B-PROC
of	O
the	O
target	O
DNA	O
prepared	O
from	O
Salmonella	B-DISO
could	O
also	O
be	O
achieved	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
The	O
relationship	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
with	O
avian	B-SPEC
and	O
other	O
coronaviruses	O
.	O

An	O
enormous	O
,	O
previously	O
unrecognized	O
reservoir	O
of	O
coronaviruses	O
exists	O
among	O
animals	B-SPEC
.	O

Vaccine	O
development	B-PROC
is	O
a	O
key	O
component	O
in	O
the	O
prevention	O
of	O
widespread	O
viral	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
and	O
in	O
the	O
reduction	O
of	O
morbidity	O
and	O
mortality	O
associated	O
with	O
many	O
viral	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
.	O

These	O
animals	B-SPEC
developed	O
a	O
less	O
robust	O
type	B-PRGE
I	I-PRGE
interferon	I-PRGE
response	O
to	O
MHV	B-SPEC
-	O
1	O
infection	B-DISO
than	O
resistant	O
C57BL	O
/	O
6J	O
mice	B-SPEC
,	O
and	O
treatment	O
with	O
recombinant	B-PRGE
beta	I-PRGE
interferon	I-PRGE
improved	O
survival	O
.	O

Certain	O
families	O
of	O
bats	B-SPEC
including	O
the	O
Pteropodidae	B-SPEC
,	O
Molossidae	B-SPEC
,	O
Phyllostomidae	B-SPEC
,	O
and	O
Vespertilionidae	B-SPEC
are	O
most	O
frequently	O
associated	O
with	O
known	O
human	B-SPEC
pathogens	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Early	O
recovery	O
from	O
post	O
-	O
traumatic	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

A	O
17	O
-	O
year	O
-	O
old	O
patient	O
who	O
had	O
sustained	O
blunt	O
thoracic	B-DISO
trauma	O
presented	O
with	O
severe	O
hypoxaemia	O
on	O
admission	O
and	O
whole	B-ANAT
body	I-ANAT
computed	O
tomography	O
showed	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
contusion	O
and	O
substantial	O
bilateral	O
atelectasis	B-DISO
.	O

Therefore	O
we	O
applied	O
an	O
alveolar	B-ANAT
recruitment	B-DISO
manoeuvre	O
7	O
h	O
after	O
admission	O
.	O

Oxygenation	B-PROC
and	O
lung	B-PROC
compliance	I-PROC
improved	O
rapidly	O
and	O
aeration	O
of	O
the	O
entire	B-ANAT
lung	I-ANAT
was	O
confirmed	O
by	O
computed	O
tomography	O
27	O
h	O
after	O
the	O
recruitment	B-DISO
manoeuvre	O
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
Although	O
robust	O
evidence	O
is	O
still	O
lacking	O
,	O
several	O
lines	O
of	O
evidence	O
suggest	O
potential	O
benefits	O
of	O
timely	O
alveolar	B-ANAT
recruitment	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Social	O
support	O
during	O
intensive	O
care	O
unit	O
stay	O
might	O
improve	O
mental	B-DISO
impairment	I-DISO
and	O
consequently	O
health	O
-	O
related	O
quality	O
of	O
life	O
in	O
survivors	O
of	O
severe	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
distress	O
syndrome	O
.	O

We	O
wished	O
to	O
evaluate	O
the	O
influence	O
of	O
PTSD	B-DISO
on	O
HRQoL	O
and	O
to	O
investigate	O
the	O
influence	O
of	O
perceived	O
social	O
support	O
during	O
intensive	O
care	O
unit	O
(	O
ICU	O
)	O
treatment	O
on	O
both	O
PTSD	B-DISO
symptoms	O
and	O
HRQoL	O
.	O
In	O
ARDS	B-DISO
patients	O
we	O
prospectively	O
measured	O
HRQoL	O
(	O
Medical	O
Outcomes	O
Study	O
36	O
-	O
Item	O
Short	O
Form	O
;	O
SF	O
-	O
36	O
),	O
symptoms	O
of	O
PTSD	B-DISO
(	O
Post	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
Traumatic	I-DISO
Stress	I-DISO
Syndrome	I-DISO
10	O
-	O
Questions	O
Inventory	O
;	O
PTSS	O
-	O
10	O
),	O
perceived	O
social	O
support	O
(	O
Questionnaire	O
for	O
Social	O
Support	O
;	O
F	O
-	O
Sozu	O
)	O
and	O
symptoms	O
of	O
psychopathology	O
(	O
Symptom	B-DISO
Checklist	O
-	O
90	O
-	O
R	O
);	O
and	O
collected	O
sociodemographic	O
data	O
including	O
current	O
employment	O
status	O
.	O

In	O
this	O
group	O
of	O
patients	O
there	O
was	O
a	O
trend	O
towards	O
permanent	O
or	O
temporary	O
disability	O
,	O
independent	O
of	O
the	O
period	O
between	O
discharge	B-ANAT
from	O
ICU	O
and	O
study	O
entry	O
.	O

The	O
latter	O
displayed	O
a	O
less	O
severe	O
infection	B-DISO
and	O
presented	O
detectable	O
levels	O
of	O
nitric	B-CHED
oxide	I-CHED
as	O
nitrosyl	B-CHED
complexes	O
in	O
blood	B-ANAT
and	O
liver	B-ANAT
at	O
72	O
hpi	B-DISO
.	O

In	O
addition	O
,	O
TNF	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
alpha	I-PRGE
released	O
from	O
macrophages	B-ANAT
and	O
TNF	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
receptor	I-PRGE
(	I-PRGE
TNFR	I-PRGE
)	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
and	O
TNFR2	B-PRGE
mRNA	I-PRGE
expression	B-PROC
in	O
lymphocytes	B-ANAT
were	O
closely	O
involved	O
in	O
this	O
apoptosis	B-PROC
induction	I-PROC
.	O

The	O
results	O
of	O
this	O
study	O
suggest	O
that	O
TNF	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
alpha	I-PRGE
,	O
produced	O
by	O
virus	B-SPEC
-	O
infected	O
macrophages	B-ANAT
,	O
is	O
responsible	O
for	O
induction	B-PROC
of	I-PROC
apoptosis	I-PROC
in	O
uninfected	O
T	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
,	O
primarily	O
CD8	B-PRGE
+	I-PRGE
T	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
.	O

Both	O
molecular	O
modeling	O
and	O
Q189A	O
mutation	O
revealed	O
that	O
Gln189	O
plays	O
a	O
key	O
role	O
in	O
the	O
binding	B-FUNC
.	O

Bioassay	O
results	O
reveal	O
salient	O
features	O
of	O
the	O
structure	O
-	O
activity	O
relationship	O
of	O
the	O
new	O
compounds	O
:	O
(	O
1	O
)	O
removal	O
of	O
the	O
7	O
-	O
hydroxy	O
group	O
of	O
the	O
quercetin	B-CHED
moiety	O
decreases	O
the	O
bioactivity	O
of	O
the	O
derivatives	O
;	O
(	O
2	O
)	O
acetoxylation	O
of	O
the	O
sugar	O
moiety	O
abolishes	O
inhibitor	B-CHED
action	O
;	O
(	O
3	O
)	O
introduction	O
of	O
a	O
large	O
sugar	O
substituent	O
on	O
7	O
-	O
hydroxy	B-CHED
of	O
quercetin	B-CHED
can	O
be	O
tolerated	O
;	O
(	O
4	O
)	O
replacement	O
of	O
the	O
galactose	B-CHED
moiety	O
with	O
other	O
sugars	O
does	O
not	O
affect	O
inhibitor	B-CHED
potency	O
.	O

Covariates	O
positively	O
associated	O
with	O
transmission	O
in	O
univariate	O
analysis	O
at	O
p	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
included	O
delay	O
to	O
isolation	O
(	O
Day	O
7	O
of	O
illness	O
or	O
later	O
),	O
admission	O
to	O
a	O
non	O
-	O
isolation	O
facility	O
,	O
pre	O
-	O
existing	O
chronic	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
and	O
immunosuppressive	O
disease	O
,	O
need	O
for	O
oxygen	B-CHED
,	O
shortness	B-DISO
of	I-DISO
breath	I-DISO
,	O
vomiting	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
higher	O
lactate	B-PRGE
dehydrogenase	I-PRGE
levels	O
and	O
higher	O
neutrophil	B-ANAT
counts	O
.	O

The	O
potential	O
anti	O
-	O
SARS	B-DISO
(	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
)	O
activity	O
of	O
the	O
POMs	O
[	O
alpha	O
-	O
PTi	B-CHED
(	O
2	O
)	O
W	O
(	O
10	O
)	O
O	O
(	O
40	O
)](	O
7	O
-)	O
isomers	O
was	O
investigated	O
in	O
this	O
paper	O
by	O
molecular	O
modeling	O
method	O
.	O

Affinity	O
/	O
Insight	O
II	O
was	O
used	O
to	O
explore	O
possible	O
binding	B-FUNC
locations	O
for	O
POMs	O
/	O
3CL	O
(	O
pro	B-PRGE
)	O
interaction	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Respiratory	O
hygiene	O
in	O
the	O
emergency	B-DISO
department	O
.	O

The	O
possible	O
predisposing	O
and	O
perpetuating	O
factors	O
in	O
developing	O
mental	B-DISO
symptoms	I-DISO
were	O
investigated	O
.	O

Participantsconsisted	O
of	O
135	O
health	O
care	O
workers	O
who	O
had	O
had	O
contact	O
with	O
or	O
took	O
care	O
of	O
patients	O
who	O
were	O
probable	O
or	O
suspected	O
SARS	B-DISO
cases	O
,	O
during	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
outbreak	O
,	O
at	O
a	O
teaching	O
hospital	O
in	O
southern	O
Taiwan	O
.	O

3	O
.	O
8	O
cmH	B-DISO
(	O
2	O
)	O
O	O
/	O
l	O
and	O
5	O
.	O
6	O
+/-	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Mosaic	O
structure	O
of	O
human	B-PRGE
coronavirus	I-PRGE
NL63	I-PRGE
,	O
one	O
thousand	O
years	O
of	O
evolution	B-PROC
.	O

The	O
genomes	O
are	O
27	O
,	O
538	O
and	O
27	O
,	O
550	O
nucleotides	B-CHED
long	O
,	O
respectively	O
,	O
and	O
share	O
the	O
same	O
genome	O
organization	O
.	O

Using	O
this	O
evolutionary	O
rate	O
we	O
determined	O
that	O
HCoV	O
-	O
NL63	O
diverged	O
in	O
the	O
11th	O
century	O
from	O
its	O
closest	O
relative	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
229E	I-SPEC
.	O

Flow	O
cytometry	O
and	O
ELISPOT	O
analysis	O
of	O
lymphocytes	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
a	O
serologic	O
analysis	O
of	O
antibody	B-COMP
showed	O
that	O
these	O
peptides	B-CHED
could	O
trigger	O
a	O
rapid	O
,	O
highly	O
effective	O
,	O
and	O
relatively	O
safe	O
immune	B-PROC
response	I-PROC
in	O
BALB	O
/	O
c	O
mice	B-SPEC
.	O

Fusion	O
protein	B-CHED
between	O
green	B-PRGE
fluorescence	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
(	O
GFP	B-CHED
)	O
and	O
S450	O
-	O
650	O
(	O
S450	O
-	O
650	O
-	O
GFP	B-CHED
)	O
was	O
able	O
to	O
stain	O
Vero	O
E6	O
cells	B-COMP
and	O
deletion	O
of	O
the	O
beta6	B-PRGE
fragment	I-PRGE
rendered	O
the	O
fusion	O
product	O
(	O
S511	O
-	O
650	O
-	O
GFP	B-CHED
)	O
unable	O
to	O
do	O
so	O
.	O

The	O
effects	O
of	O
some	O
crucial	O
parameters	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
buffer	B-CHED
type	O
,	O
pH	O
,	O
wavelength	O
and	O
running	O
voltage	B-CHED
on	O
the	O
separation	B-DISO
were	O
studied	O
systematically	O
.	O

One	O
hundred	O
millimolars	O
sodium	B-CHED
tetraborate	I-CHED
buffer	B-CHED
containing	O
20	O
mM	O
sodium	B-CHED
dihydrogen	I-CHED
phosphate	I-CHED
with	O
a	O
final	O
pH	O
9	O
.	O
8	O
was	O
used	O
as	O
a	O
running	O
buffer	B-CHED
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
In	O
March	O
2003	O
,	O
the	O
Institute	O
of	O
Medicine	B-CHED
published	O
an	O
update	O
to	O
its	O
1992	O
landmark	O
report	O
on	O
emerging	O
infections	B-DISO
.	O

An	O
unprecedented	O
worldwide	O
collaborative	O
effort	B-PROC
was	O
undertaken	O
to	O
determine	O
the	O
cause	O
of	O
the	O
illness	O
and	O
implement	O
prevention	O
measures	O
.	O

The	O
emergence	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
is	O
a	O
timely	O
reminder	O
of	O
the	O
need	O
to	O
expect	O
the	O
unexpected	O
and	O
to	O
ensure	O
strong	O
national	O
and	O
global	O
public	O
health	O
partnerships	O
when	O
preparing	O
for	O
and	O
responding	O
to	O
infectious	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Where	O
do	O
pets	O
fit	B-DISO
into	O
human	B-SPEC
quarantines	O
?	O

The	O
possible	O
role	O
of	O
household	O
pets	O
in	O
disease	B-DISO
transmission	I-DISO
in	O
community	O
-	O
based	O
quarantines	O
has	O
previously	O
been	O
overlooked	O
.	O

RM	O
was	O
effective	O
in	O
17	O
patients	O
except	O
one	O
case	O
of	O
severe	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
,	O
whose	O
PaO	B-PROC
(	O
2	O
)/	O
FiO	O
(	O
2	O
)	O
was	O
only	O
improved	O
by	O
40	O
%.	O

Sepsis	B-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
often	O
induces	O
severe	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
lesions	O
with	O
a	O
picture	O
of	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
).	O

Previous	O
work	O
has	O
pointed	O
to	O
the	O
immune	B-ANAT
system	I-ANAT
,	O
telomeres	B-COMP
and	O
DNA	B-PROC
repair	I-PROC
pathways	B-PROC
as	O
important	O
and	O
distinct	O
determinants	O
of	O
a	O
normal	O
healthy	O
lifespan	O
.	O

In	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
we	O
explored	O
the	O
genetic	O
interactions	O
of	O
telomeres	B-COMP
and	O
DNA	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
PKcs	I-PRGE
,	O
a	O
protein	B-CHED
involved	O
in	O
non	B-PATH
-	I-PATH
homologous	I-PATH
end	I-PATH
-	I-PATH
joining	I-PATH
(	O
NHEJ	B-PROC
)	O
and	O
immune	B-PROC
responses	I-PROC
,	O
in	O
the	O
context	O
of	O
a	O
key	O
aspect	O
of	O
aging	B-PROC
and	O
lifespan	O
--	O
the	O
capacity	O
to	O
mount	O
an	O
acute	O
and	O
appropriate	O
immune	O
-	O
mediated	O
stress	B-PATH
response	I-PATH
.	O

These	O
results	O
raise	O
speculation	O
that	O
these	O
genetic	O
factors	O
may	O
contribute	O
to	O
misdirected	O
immune	B-PROC
responses	I-PROC
of	O
the	O
aged	O
under	O
conditions	O
of	O
acute	O
and	O
chronic	O
stress	O
.	O

Notably	O
,	O
attenuated	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
DR13	O
has	O
previously	O
been	O
found	O
to	O
exhibit	O
reduced	O
pathogenicity	O
in	O
pigs	B-SPEC
.	O

After	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
(	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
)	O
scares	O
[	O
1	O
],	O
attention	O
has	O
turned	O
towards	O
the	O
possibility	O
of	O
an	O
avian	B-SPEC
influenza	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
hybridizing	O
with	O
a	O
human	B-DISO
influenza	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
to	O
create	O
a	O
highly	O
virulent	O
,	O
as	O
yet	O
unknown	O
,	O
killer	O
,	O
on	O
a	O
scale	O
unseen	O
since	O
the	O
Spanish	O
flu	B-DISO
outbreak	O
of	O
1918	O
,	O
which	O
produced	O
more	O
fatalities	O
than	O
the	O
Great	O
War	O
.	O

In	O
deciding	O
how	O
countries	O
should	O
react	O
to	O
this	O
potential	O
pandemic	O
,	O
individually	O
and	O
collectively	O
,	O
a	O
reasonable	O
and	O
practical	O
balance	B-PROC
must	O
be	O
struck	B-DISO
between	O
the	O
rights	O
and	O
obligations	O
of	O
individual	O
citizens	O
and	O
protection	O
of	O
the	O
wider	O
community	O
and	O
,	O
indeed	O
,	O
society	O
as	O
a	O
whole	O
.	O

In	O
this	O
communication	O
,	O
ethical	O
issues	O
are	O
discussed	O
in	O
the	O
context	O
of	O
some	O
of	O
the	O
scientific	O
questions	O
relating	O
to	O
a	O
potential	O
influenza	B-DISO
pandemic	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
It	O
has	O
been	O
proposed	O
that	O
immune	O
injury	O
is	O
the	O
central	O
mechanism	O
of	O
pathogenesis	O
of	O
the	O
infectious	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
,	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
).	O

We	O
performed	O
autopsies	O
on	O
six	O
confirmed	O
SARS	B-DISO
cases	O
,	O
with	O
six	O
normal	O
subjects	O
as	O
controls	O
;	O
spleen	B-ANAT
samples	O
from	O
these	O
autopsies	O
were	O
examined	O
with	O
hematoxylin	B-CHED
and	O
eosin	O
(	O
H	O
&	O
E	O
)	O
sections	O
,	O
in	O
situ	O
hybridization	B-PROC
for	O
SARS	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
genomic	O
sequences	O
,	O
and	O
immunohistochemistry	O
with	O
seven	O
monoclonal	O
antibodies	B-COMP
to	O
five	O
cell	B-COMP
types	O
.	O

The	O
SARS	B-DISO
spleens	B-ANAT
all	O
had	O
severe	O
damage	O
to	O
the	O
white	B-ANAT
pulp	I-ANAT
and	O
showed	O
an	O
alteration	O
of	O
the	O
normal	O
distribution	O
of	O
various	O
cell	B-COMP
types	O
.	O

The	O
aim	O
of	O
this	O
study	O
was	O
to	O
identify	O
routine	O
laboratory	O
variables	O
that	O
might	O
indicate	O
the	O
need	O
for	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
testing	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Mouse	B-SPEC
hepatitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
does	O
not	O
induce	O
Beta	B-PRGE
interferon	I-PRGE
synthesis	B-PROC
and	O
does	O
not	O
inhibit	O
its	O
induction	O
by	O
double	O
-	O
stranded	O
RNA	O
.	O

In	O
this	O
report	O
,	O
we	O
show	O
that	O
the	O
essential	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
beta	I-PRGE
transcription	I-PRGE
factors	I-PRGE
NF	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
kappaB	I-PRGE
and	O
IFN	B-PRGE
regulatory	I-PRGE
factor	I-PRGE
3	I-PRGE
are	O
not	O
activated	O
for	O
nuclear	B-PROC
translocation	I-PROC
and	O
gene	B-PROC
induction	I-PROC
during	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

However	O
,	O
MHV	B-SPEC
was	O
unable	O
to	O
inhibit	O
the	O
activation	O
of	O
these	O
factors	O
and	O
subsequent	O
IFN	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
beta	I-PROC
production	I-PROC
induced	O
by	O
poly	O
(	O
I	O
:	O
C	O
).	O

Further	O
,	O
MHV	B-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
did	O
not	O
inhibit	O
IFN	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
beta	I-PROC
production	I-PROC
mediated	O
by	O
known	O
host	B-COMP
pattern	O
recognition	O
receptors	O
(	O
PRRs	B-DISO
)	O
(	O
RIG	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
I	I-PRGE
,	O
Mda	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
5	I-PRGE
,	O
and	O
TLR3	B-PRGE
).	O

This	O
model	O
of	O
lethal	O
infection	B-DISO
with	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
should	O
be	O
useful	O
for	O
studies	O
of	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
and	O
for	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
antiviral	B-CHED
therapies	O
.	O

Of	O
the	O
eight	O
putative	O
accessory	O
proteins	B-CHED
encoded	O
by	O
the	O
severe	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
associated	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
),	O
only	O
two	O
-	O
open	O
reading	O
frame	O
3a	O
(	O
ORF3a	O
)	O
and	O
ORF7a	O
-	O
have	O
been	O
identified	O
in	O
virus	B-SPEC
-	O
infected	O
cells	B-COMP
to	O
date	O
.	O

The	O
ORF7b	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
is	O
a	O
putative	O
viral	O
accessory	O
protein	B-CHED
encoded	O
on	O
subgenomic	O
(	O
sg	O
)	O
RNA	O
7	O
.	O

ORF7b	O
localizes	O
to	O
the	O
Golgi	B-COMP
compartment	B-ANAT
and	O
is	O
incorporated	O
into	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
particles	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Effect	O
of	O
acute	O
kidney	B-ANAT
injury	O
on	O
weaning	B-PROC
from	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
in	O
critically	B-DISO
ill	I-DISO
patients	O
.	O

The	O
inclusion	O
criterion	O
was	O
invasive	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
for	O
>	O
or	O
=	O
48	O
hrs	B-DISO
.	O

These	O
autoAb	O
bound	O
mainly	O
to	O
N	O
-	O
and	O
C	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
terminal	I-PRGE
FAH	I-PRGE
peptides	I-PRGE
,	O
the	O
most	O
reactive	O
sequences	O
being	O
1	O
-	O
50	O
and	O
390	O
-	O
420	O
,	O
respectively	O
.	O

Herein	O
,	O
we	O
show	O
that	O
this	O
response	O
is	O
similarly	O
public	O
when	O
the	O
NP366	O
+	O
Vbeta4	O
+	O
CD8	B-PRGE
T	I-PRGE
cell	O
response	O
is	O
analyzed	O
.	O

Therefore	O
,	O
even	O
in	O
CD8	B-PRGE
T	I-PRGE
cell	O
responses	O
that	O
appear	O
to	O
be	O
oligoclonotypic	O
,	O
the	O
total	O
response	O
is	O
highly	O
diverse	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Insight	O
into	O
the	O
activity	O
of	O
SARS	B-PRGE
main	I-PRGE
protease	I-PRGE
:	O
Molecular	B-PROC
dynamics	I-PROC
study	O
of	O
dimeric	O
and	O
monomeric	O
form	O
of	O
enzyme	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
phenomenon	O
that	O
SARS	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
main	O
protease	O
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
M	O
(	O
pro	B-CHED
))	O
dimer	O
is	O
the	O
main	O
functional	O
form	O
has	O
been	O
confirmed	O
by	O
experiment	O
.	O

At	O
present	O
,	O
only	O
the	O
first	O
two	O
conditions	O
have	O
been	O
met	B-CHED
.	O

Expected	O
worldwide	O
human	B-SPEC
mortality	O
from	O
a	O
moderate	O
pandemic	O
scenario	O
is	O
45	O
million	O
people	O
or	O
more	O
than	O
75	O
%	O
of	O
the	O
current	O
annual	O
global	O
death	B-PROC
burden	O
.	O

Donor	O
support	O
in	O
financial	O
,	O
material	O
and	O
technical	O
assistance	O
remains	O
critical	O
to	O
disease	O
control	O
efforts	O
-	O
particularly	O
in	O
developing	O
countries	O
where	O
avian	B-DISO
influenza	I-DISO
predominately	O
occurs	O
at	O
present	O
.	O

Nine	O
children	O
weighted	O
3	O
.	O
1	O
kg	O
-	O
14	O
.	O
0	O
kg	O
with	O
septic	B-DISO
shock	I-DISO
were	O
treated	O
with	O
continuous	O
veno	O
-	O
venous	B-ANAT
hemofiltration	O
(	O
CVVH	O
)	O
which	O
is	O
also	O
referred	O
to	O
as	O
CBP	B-PRGE
with	O
blood	B-ANAT
access	O
of	O
double	O
-	O
lumen	B-ANAT
hemodialysis	O
catheter	O
of	O
6	O
.	O
5	O
to	O
8Fr	O
inserted	O
via	O
central	B-ANAT
vein	I-ANAT
,	O
hemofilters	O
of	O
Minifilter	O
plus	O
(	O
for	O
children	O
with	O
body	B-ANAT
weight	O
<	O
5	O
kg	O
)	O
or	O
AV400s	O
(	O
for	O
children	O
with	O
body	B-ANAT
weight	O
>	O
or	O
=	O
5	O
kg	O
),	O
child	O
'	O
s	O
type	O
extracorporeal	O
circuit	O
vessel	B-ANAT
and	O
heparin	B-CHED
anticoagulation	B-PROC
.	O

33	O
,	O
CRT	B-CHED
>	O
5	O
s	O
,	O
urine	B-ANAT
output	O
was	O
0	O
.	O
85	O
+/-	O

63	O
,	O
CRT	B-CHED
<	O
2	O
s	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
adrenalin	B-CHED
dosage	O
0	O
.	O
08	O
+/-	O

Both	O
cohorts	O
completed	O
standardized	O
rating	O
scales	B-ANAT
on	O
depression	B-DISO
,	O
anxiety	O
,	O
and	O
social	O
support	O
.	O

The	O
aim	O
of	O
this	O
study	O
was	O
to	O
examine	O
the	O
occurrence	O
of	O
bacterial	O
,	O
mycoplasmal	O
and	O
viral	O
pathogens	O
in	O
the	O
lower	O
respiratory	O
tract	O
of	O
calves	O
in	O
all	O
-	O
in	O
all	O
-	O
out	O
calf	B-ANAT
-	O
rearing	O
units	O
.	O

TBL	B-CHED
samples	O
from	O
healthy	O
or	O
suspect	O
calves	O
were	O
more	O
often	O
negative	O
in	O
bacterial	O
culture	O
than	O
samples	O
from	O
diseased	O
calves	O
(	O
p	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
).	O

Forty	O
years	O
of	O
clinical	O
and	O
basic	O
science	O
research	O
have	O
elaborated	O
many	O
of	O
the	O
pathophysiologic	O
mechanisms	O
that	O
link	O
initiating	O
insults	O
to	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
alveolar	B-ANAT
membrane	B-COMP
failure	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
affects	O
some	O
10	O
%	O
to	O
15	O
%	O
of	O
ICU	O
patients	O
and	O
is	O
associated	O
with	O
mortality	O
rates	O
of	O
40	O
%	O
to	O
50	O
%.	O

Improved	O
understanding	O
of	O
the	O
systemic	O
factors	O
involved	O
in	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
and	O
evolution	B-PROC
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
and	O
MODS	B-DISO
should	O
facilitate	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
new	O
therapeutic	O
agents	O
that	O
will	O
improve	O
outcomes	O
in	O
these	O
patients	O
.	O

A	O
total	O
of	O
192	O
rats	B-SPEC
were	O
randomly	O
divided	O
into	O
three	O
groups	O
:	O
control	O
(	O
C	O
group	O
);	O
ANP	B-PRGE
without	O
treatment	O
(	O
P	O
group	O
);	O
and	O
ANP	B-PRGE
treated	O
with	O
ligustrazine	O
(	O
T	O
group	O
).	O

Compared	O
with	O
C	O
group	O
,	O
the	O
lung	B-ANAT
wet	O
/	O
dry	O
ratios	O
in	O
both	O
the	O
P	O
and	O
T	O
groups	O
were	O
significantly	O
increased	O
,	O
but	O
there	O
was	O
no	O
significant	O
difference	O
between	O
them	O
.	O

In	O
the	O
T	O
group	O
,	O
although	O
the	O
MPO	B-FUNC
activity	O
was	O
also	O
higher	O
than	O
in	O
the	O
C	O
group	O
,	O
it	O
much	O
less	O
increased	O
than	O
in	O
the	O
P	O
group	O
.	O

ALI	O
was	O
induced	O
in	O
female	O
BALB	O
/	O
c	O
mice	B-SPEC
by	O
the	O
intranasal	O
administration	O
of	O
0	O
.	O
1	O
mg	O
/	O
kg	O
LPS	B-DISO
.	O

No	O
special	O
findings	O
were	O
observed	O
in	O
the	O
lung	B-ANAT
tissue	I-ANAT
obtained	O
by	O
transbronchial	O
lung	B-ANAT
biopsy	O
.	O

The	O
commonest	O
indication	O
for	O
PICU	B-SPEC
admission	O
was	O
persistent	O
shock	O
(	O
39	O
patients	O
)	O
followed	O
by	O
requirement	O
for	O
positive	O
pressure	O
ventilation	O
in	O
29	O
patients	O
(	O
10	O
of	O
whom	O
had	O
Acute	B-DISO
Respiratory	I-DISO
Distress	I-DISO
Syndrome	I-DISO
[	O
ARDS	B-DISO
])	O
and	O
neurological	B-DISO
symptoms	I-DISO
in	O
24	O
patients	O
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
It	O
was	O
found	O
that	O
complications	O
such	O
as	O
DIC	B-DISO
,	O
diastolic	B-DISO
dysfunction	I-DISO
,	O
abdominal	B-DISO
compartment	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
,	O
ARDS	B-DISO
and	O
hepatic	B-DISO
dysfunction	I-DISO
were	O
more	O
frequent	O
in	O
severe	O
established	O
shock	O
.	O

The	O
histopathological	O
features	O
of	O
ReoV	O
infected	O
animals	B-SPEC
consisted	O
of	O
diffuse	B-DISO
alveolar	I-DISO
damage	I-DISO
,	O
with	O
scattered	O
hemorrhage	B-DISO
,	O
hyaline	B-DISO
membrane	B-COMP
formation	B-PROC
and	O
interstitial	B-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
.	O

This	O
study	O
demonstrated	O
that	O
the	O
newly	O
isolated	O
ReoV	O
might	O
be	O
a	O
virulent	O
pathogen	O
for	O
BALB	O
/	O
c	O
mice	B-SPEC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Effect	O
of	O
high	O
volume	O
hemofiltration	O
on	O
respiration	B-PROC
,	O
hemodynamics	B-PROC
and	O
oxygen	B-PROC
metabolism	I-PROC
in	O
sepsis	B-SPEC
with	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
].	O

Acute	O
physiology	O
and	O
chronic	O
health	O
evaluation	O
II	O
(	O
APACHEII	O
)	O
scores	O
,	O
multiple	B-DISO
organ	I-DISO
dysfunction	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
MODS	B-DISO
)	O
evaluation	O
scores	O
and	O
PaO	B-PROC
(	O
2	O
)/	O
FiO	O
(	O
2	O
)	O
were	O
observed	O
before	O
and	O
after	O
HVHF	O
.	O

The	O
nucleotide	B-CHED
sequence	O
of	O
the	O
3	O
'-	O
terminal	O
portion	O
of	O
the	O
CRCoV	O
genome	O
was	O
determined	O
including	O
all	O
open	O
reading	O
frames	O
from	O
the	O
NS2	B-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
to	O
the	O
N	B-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
.	O

The	O
region	O
between	O
the	O
spike	O
and	O
the	O
E	B-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
was	O
found	O
to	O
be	O
the	O
most	O
variable	O
and	O
was	O
used	O
for	O
phylogenetic	O
analysis	O
of	O
several	O
CRCoV	O
strains	O
.	O

The	O
culture	O
of	O
CRCoV	O
will	O
enable	O
analysis	O
of	O
the	O
expression	B-PROC
and	O
function	O
of	O
this	O
and	O
other	O
CRCoV	O
proteins	B-CHED
as	O
well	O
as	O
allowing	O
the	O
study	O
of	O
the	O
role	O
of	O
CRCoV	O
in	O
the	O
aetiology	O
of	O
canine	O
infectious	B-DISO
respiratory	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Mutational	O
analysis	O
of	O
aminopeptidase	B-PRGE
N	I-PRGE
,	O
a	O
receptor	O
for	O
several	O
group	O
1	O
coronaviruses	O
,	O
identifies	O
key	O
determinants	O
of	O
viral	O
host	O
range	O
.	O

Between	O
these	O
two	O
ends	O
is	O
a	O
hypervariable	O
region	O
(	O
HVR	O
)	O
that	O
is	O
only	O
poorly	O
conserved	O
between	O
MHV	B-SPEC
and	O
other	O
group	O
2	O
coronaviruses	O
.	O

Paradoxically	O
,	O
buried	O
within	O
the	O
HVR	O
is	O
an	O
octanucleotide	O
motif	O
(	O
oct	O
),	O
5	O
'-	O
GGAAGAGC	O
-	O
3	O
',	O
which	O
is	O
almost	O
universally	O
conserved	O
in	O
coronaviruses	O
and	O
is	O
therefore	O
assumed	O
to	O
have	O
a	O
critical	O
biological	B-PROC
function	I-PROC
.	O

By	O
contrast	O
,	O
the	O
HVR	O
deletion	O
mutant	B-DISO
was	O
highly	O
attenuated	O
in	O
mice	B-SPEC
,	O
causing	O
no	O
signs	O
of	O
clinical	O
disease	O
and	O
minimal	O
weight	O
loss	O
compared	O
to	O
wild	O
-	O
type	O
virus	B-SPEC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Alveolar	B-ANAT
recruitment	B-DISO
versus	O
hyperinflation	B-DISO
:	O
A	O
balancing	B-PROC
act	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
address	O
lung	B-ANAT
recruitment	B-DISO
according	O
to	O
pressure	O
/	O
volume	O
curves	O
,	O
along	O
with	O
regional	O
recruitment	B-DISO
versus	O
hyperinflation	B-DISO
evidence	O
from	O
computed	O
tomography	O
and	O
electrical	B-PROC
impedance	I-PROC
tomography	O
.	O

Balancing	B-PROC
recruitment	B-DISO
versus	O
overdistension	O
may	O
require	O
thoracic	B-DISO
tomography	O
,	O
to	O
assure	O
sufficient	O
improvement	O
in	O
oxygenation	B-PROC
while	O
limiting	O
hypercarbia	B-DISO
.	O

We	O
describe	O
the	O
effect	O
of	O
methylation	B-PROC
on	O
the	O
physico	O
-	O
chemical	O
properties	O
of	O
these	O
proteins	B-CHED
,	O
and	O
show	O
that	O
it	O
led	O
to	O
diffraction	O
-	O
quality	O
crystals	B-ANAT
from	O
four	O
proteins	B-CHED
and	O
structures	O
for	O
three	O
that	O
had	O
hitherto	O
proved	O
refractory	O
to	O
crystallization	O
.	O

Development	B-PROC
and	O
high	O
-	O
throughput	O
screening	O
of	O
efficacious	O
drugs	O
is	O
therefore	O
critical	O
.	O

Partial	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
cDNAs	O
and	O
antibiotic	B-CHED
resistance	B-PROC
/	O
reporter	O
gene	O
DNA	O
were	O
generated	O
and	O
assembled	O
in	O
vitro	O
to	O
produce	O
the	O
replicon	O
transcription	B-PROC
template	O
,	O
which	O
was	O
then	O
transcribed	O
in	O
vitro	O
to	O
generate	O
the	O
replicon	O
RNA	O
.	O

The	O
suitability	O
of	O
this	O
replicon	O
cell	B-ANAT
line	I-ANAT
in	O
drug	O
screening	O
was	O
demonstrated	O
by	O
testing	O
the	O
inhibitory	O
effect	O
of	O
several	O
existing	O
drugs	O
and	O
the	O
results	O
demonstrate	O
that	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
replicon	O
cell	B-ANAT
lines	I-ANAT
provide	O
a	O
safe	O
tool	O
for	O
the	O
identification	O
of	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
replicase	I-PRGE
inhibitors	B-CHED
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Mental	B-DISO
disorders	I-DISO
in	O
general	O
hospital	O
patients	O
].	O

Short	O
-	O
term	O
consequences	O
of	O
cardiac	B-ANAT
surgery	O
included	O
adjustment	B-DISO
disorders	I-DISO
with	O
depressed	O
features	O
(	O
32	O
.	O
4	O
%),	O
acute	O
full	O
in	O
-	O
hospital	O
PTSD	B-DISO
(	O
17	O
.	O
6	O
%),	O
and	O
in	O
-	O
hospital	O
major	B-DISO
depression	I-DISO
(	O
17	O
.	O
6	O
%).	O

To	O
adequately	O
diagnose	O
and	O
treat	O
patients	O
at	O
risk	O
of	O
developing	O
PTSD	B-DISO
,	O
close	O
collaboration	O
between	O
physicians	O
of	O
all	O
subspecialties	O
and	O
C	O
-	O
L	O
psychiatrists	O
will	O
be	O
necessary	O
.	O

If	O
a	O
newly	O
emergent	O
airborne	O
infection	B-DISO
should	O
appear	O
,	O
the	O
model	O
could	O
be	O
quickly	O
calibrated	O
to	O
data	O
and	O
intervention	O
options	O
at	O
the	O
early	O
stage	O
of	O
the	O
outbreak	O
.	O

In	O
addition	O
,	O
she	O
also	O
developed	O
myocarditis	B-DISO
and	O
renal	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
.	O

This	O
high	O
pathogenicity	O
suggests	O
that	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
has	O
developed	O
mechanisms	O
to	O
overcome	O
the	O
host	B-COMP
innate	B-DISO
immune	I-DISO
response	I-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
protein	B-CHED
6	O
accelerates	O
murine	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
infections	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
One	O
or	O
more	O
of	O
the	O
unique	O
3	O
'-	O
proximal	O
open	O
reading	O
frames	O
(	O
ORFs	O
)	O
of	O
the	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
may	O
encode	O
determinants	O
of	O
virus	B-SPEC
virulence	B-PROC
.	O

The	O
SARS	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
encodes	O
a	O
novel	O
membrane	B-COMP
protein	B-CHED
6	O
that	O
can	O
accelerate	O
replication	O
of	O
a	O
related	O
mouse	B-SPEC
virus	B-SPEC
,	O
a	O
property	O
that	O
may	O
explain	O
its	O
ability	O
to	O
increase	O
in	O
vivo	O
virus	B-SPEC
virulence	B-PROC
.	O

SARS	B-DISO
is	O
related	O
to	O
a	O
high	O
morbidity	O
and	O
mortality	O
and	O
first	O
appeared	O
during	O
an	O
epidemic	O
in	O
2002	O
-	O
2003	O
.	O

Due	O
to	O
the	O
rapid	O
spread	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
during	O
the	O
epidemics	O
in	O
2002	O
-	O
2003	O
,	O
randomised	O
and	O
controlled	O
multicentre	O
studies	O
were	O
not	O
performed	O
.	O

As	O
compared	O
to	O
wild	O
-	O
type	O
,	O
STAT6	B-PRGE
-	O
deficient	O
mice	B-SPEC
had	O
increased	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
from	O
1	O
to	O
6	O
h	O
,	O
with	O
full	O
recovery	O
by	O
12	O
h	O
.	O
An	O
opposite	O
pattern	O
was	O
observed	O
in	O
STAT4	B-PRGE
-	O
deficient	O
mice	B-SPEC
with	O
mild	O
injury	O
seen	O
at	O
1	O
and	O
6	O
h	O
,	O
and	O
maximal	O
injury	O
at	O
12	O
h	O
.	O
MPO	B-FUNC
activity	O
was	O
significantly	O
increased	O
at	O
6	O
h	O
in	O
caerulein	B-CHED
-	O
treated	O
wild	O
-	O
type	O
mice	B-SPEC
compared	O
to	O
saline	O
-	O
treated	O
controls	O
.	O

The	O
prolonged	O
procedure	O
during	O
which	O
the	O
susceptible	O
lung	B-ANAT
was	O
exposed	O
to	O
longer	O
duration	O
of	O
high	O
airway	O
pressure	O
was	O
thought	O
to	O
be	O
the	O
mechanism	O
of	O
rapid	O
deterioration	O
of	O
the	O
preexisting	O
barotrauma	O
.	O

During	O
the	O
initial	O
phases	O
of	O
infection	B-DISO
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
causes	O
pauci	O
-	O
inflammatory	O
alveolar	B-ANAT
and	O
interstitial	B-DISO
edema	I-DISO
that	O
result	O
in	O
imaging	O
abnormalities	O
dominated	O
by	O
ground	O
glass	O
opacities	B-DISO
(	O
GGO	O
).	O

Indirect	O
immunofluorescence	O
assays	O
showed	O
that	O
in	O
the	O
infected	O
cells	B-COMP
expressing	O
each	O
of	O
the	O
siRNAs	O
,	O
there	O
was	O
aspecific	O
silencing	O
of	O
S	O
,	O
3a	O
and	O
7a	O
,	O
respectively	O
,	O
but	O
the	O
expression	B-PROC
of	O
nucleocapsid	B-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
was	O
not	O
affected	O
.	O

Two	O
cases	O
with	O
hepatorenal	O
syndrome	O
died	B-PROC
,	O
and	O
three	O
patients	O
with	O
coinfection	B-DISO
by	O
bacteria	B-SPEC
and	O
fungi	B-SPEC
died	B-PROC
.	O

Between	O
17	O
March	O
and	O
7	O
July	O
2003	O
,	O
as	O
a	O
result	O
of	O
dilemmas	O
in	O
balancing	B-PROC
sensitivity	O
and	O
specificity	O
,	O
five	O
different	O
case	O
definitions	O
were	O
used	O
.	O

Initially	O
,	O
we	O
investigated	O
IBV	B-SPEC
isolations	O
from	O
cases	O
of	O
respiratory	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
in	O
association	O
with	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
thymic	O
and	O
/	O
or	O
bursal	O
atrophy	B-DISO
in	O
322	O
submissions	O
during	O
1997	O
to	O
2002	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Twelve	O
complete	O
genomes	O
of	O
three	O
novel	O
coronaviruses	O
-	O
bat	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
HKU4	I-SPEC
(	O
bat	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
HKU4	I-PRGE
),	O
bat	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
HKU5	I-PRGE
(	O
putative	O
group	O
2c	O
),	O
and	O
bat	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
HKU9	I-PRGE
(	O
putative	O
group	O
2d	O
)-	O
were	O
sequenced	O
.	O

Unique	O
genomic	O
features	O
distinguishing	O
between	O
these	O
four	O
subgroups	O
,	O
including	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
papain	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
like	I-PRGE
proteases	I-PRGE
,	O
the	O
presence	O
or	O
absence	O
of	O
hemagglutinin	B-PRGE
esterase	I-PRGE
,	O
small	O
ORFs	O
between	O
the	O
membrane	B-COMP
and	O
nucleocapsid	B-COMP
genes	O
and	O
ORFs	O
(	O
NS7a	O
and	O
NS7b	O
),	O
bulged	O
stem	B-ANAT
-	O
loop	O
and	O
pseudoknot	O
structures	O
downstream	O
of	O
the	O
nucleocapsid	B-COMP
gene	O
,	O
transcription	B-PROC
regulatory	O
sequence	O
,	O
and	O
ribosomal	B-COMP
recognition	O
signal	O
for	O
the	O
envelope	B-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
,	O
were	O
also	O
observed	O
.	O

The	O
high	O
Ka	O
/	O
Ks	O
ratio	O
of	O
NS7a	O
and	O
NS7b	O
in	O
bat	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
HKU9	I-PRGE
implies	O
that	O
these	O
two	O
group	O
2d	O
-	O
specific	O
genes	O
are	O
under	O
high	O
selective	O
pressure	O
and	O
hence	O
are	O
rapidly	O
evolving	O
.	O

Further	O
molecular	O
epidemiological	O
studies	O
on	O
coronaviruses	O
in	O
the	O
bats	B-SPEC
of	O
other	O
countries	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
in	O
other	O
animals	B-SPEC
,	O
and	O
complete	O
genome	O
sequencing	O
will	O
shed	O
more	O
light	O
on	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
diversity	O
and	O
their	O
evolutionary	O
histories	O
.	O

In	O
conclusion	O
,	O
the	O
ProTide	B-CHED
approach	O
is	O
highly	O
successful	O
when	O
applied	O
to	O
L	O
-	O
Cd4A	O
with	O
potency	O
improvements	O
in	O
vitro	O
as	O
high	O
as	O
9000	O
-	O
fold	O
against	O
HIV	O
.	O

As	O
we	O
learn	B-PROC
more	O
about	O
the	O
molecular	O
consequences	O
of	O
allelic	O
variation	O
,	O
new	O
therapies	O
based	O
on	O
a	O
new	O
generation	O
of	O
surfactant	B-CHED
diagnostics	O
and	O
individualized	O
therapies	O
may	O
follow	O
.	O

Lectins	O
of	O
algal	O
origin	O
whose	O
antiviral	B-CHED
properties	O
make	O
them	O
candidate	O
agents	O
for	O
prevention	O
of	O
viral	B-PROC
transmission	I-PROC
through	O
topical	O
applications	O
include	O
cyanovirin	O
-	O
N	O
,	O
Microcystis	B-SPEC
viridis	I-SPEC
lectin	O
,	O
scytovirin	O
,	O
and	O
griffithsin	O
.	O

This	O
review	O
summarizes	O
the	O
current	O
state	O
of	O
knowledge	O
of	O
the	O
structures	O
of	O
algal	O
lectins	O
,	O
their	O
mode	O
of	O
binding	B-FUNC
of	O
carbohydrates	B-CHED
,	O
and	O
their	O
potential	O
medical	O
applications	O
.	O

Moreover	O
,	O
IP	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
10	I-PRGE
was	O
highly	O
expressed	B-PROC
in	O
the	O
lung	B-ANAT
.	O

The	O
active	O
group	O
received	O
SIT	O
with	O
a	O
standardized	O
depot	O
Dermatophagoides	B-SPEC
pteronyssinus	I-SPEC
(	O
Der	O
p	O
)	O
extract	O
absorbed	O
to	O
aluminium	B-CHED
hydroxide	I-CHED
(	O
Alutard	O
SQ	O
,	O
ALK	O
-	O
Abelló	O
,	O
Denmark	O
),	O
while	O
the	O
control	O
group	O
received	O
a	O
placebo	O
containing	O
histamine	B-CHED
dihydrochloride	O
by	O
subcutaneous	O
injections	O
for	O
1	O
year	O
.	O

The	O
mean	O
daily	O
symptom	B-DISO
scores	O
in	O
4	O
-	O
weekly	O
began	O
to	O
diverge	O
at	O
the	O
29th	O
-	O
32nd	O
week	O
with	O
the	O
active	O
group	O
showing	O
a	O
significant	O
lower	O
scores	O
(	O
0	O
.	O
17	O
+/-	O
0	O
.	O
33	O
)	O
than	O
the	O
control	O
group	O
(	O
0	O
.	O
39	O
+/-	O

There	O
were	O
significant	O
differences	O
in	O
subjective	O
judgement	O
of	O
the	O
improvement	O
about	O
overall	O
asthmatic	B-DISO
symptoms	O
,	O
exacerbation	O
severity	O
and	O
exacerbation	O
frequency	O
between	O
the	O
active	O
group	O
(	O
96	O
.	O
9	O
%,	O
95	O
.	O
3	O
%,	O
95	O
.	O
4	O
%)	O
and	O
the	O
control	O
group	O
(	O
80	O
.	O
0	O
%,	O
75	O
.	O
4	O
%,	O
83	O
.	O
1	O
%)	O
with	O
the	O
self	O
-	O
evaluation	O
questionnaire	O
(	O
chi	B-CHED
(	O
2	O
)	O
=	O
13	O
.	O
246	O
,	O
11	O
.	O
576	O
,	O
16	O
.	O
204	O
,	O
all	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
01	O
).	O

Although	O
significant	O
difference	O
was	O
found	O
in	O
adverse	O
reactions	O
between	O
groups	O
(	O
chi	B-CHED
(	O
2	O
)	O
=	O
4	O
.	O
705	O
,	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
),	O
all	O
were	O
mild	O
or	O
moderate	O
.	O

Children	O
whose	O
only	O
detectable	O
respiratory	O
virus	B-SPEC
was	O
a	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
were	O
more	O
likely	O
to	O
have	O
underlying	O
chronic	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
than	O
were	O
children	O
coinfected	O
with	O
another	O
respiratory	O
virus	B-SPEC
.	O

The	O
hope	O
is	O
that	O
future	O
management	O
of	O
acute	B-DISO
pancreatitis	I-DISO
with	O
a	O
better	O
understanding	O
of	O
the	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
of	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
will	O
be	O
directed	O
against	O
the	O
production	O
of	O
noxious	O
cytokines	O
.	O

Pro	B-CHED
-	O
inflammatory	O
cytokines	O
,	O
including	O
type	O
I	O
interferon	B-PRGE
(	O
IFN	B-PRGE
),	O
tumor	B-PRGE
necrosis	I-PRGE
factor	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
alpha	I-PRGE
(	O
TNF	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
alpha	I-PRGE
),	O
and	O
interleukin	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
6	I-PRGE
(	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
6	I-FUNC
),	O
were	O
found	O
in	O
lung	B-ANAT
secretions	B-ANAT
of	O
influenza	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
infected	O
pigs	B-SPEC
,	O
and	O
correlated	O
with	O
the	O
intensity	O
of	O
clinical	O
signs	O
,	O
whereas	O
prior	O
vaccination	O
against	O
influenza	O
strongly	O
reduced	O
the	O
production	O
of	O
infectious	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
and	O
cytokines	O
in	O
the	O
lungs	B-ANAT
upon	O
challenge	O
,	O
which	O
was	O
associated	O
with	O
clinical	O
protection	O
.	O

An	O
early	O
type	B-PROC
I	I-PROC
IFN	I-PROC
production	I-PROC
was	O
also	O
found	O
in	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
infected	O
pigs	B-SPEC
,	O
including	O
at	O
mucosal	B-ANAT
sites	O
.	O

Given	O
the	O
IFN	B-PRGE
mediated	O
antiviral	B-CHED
and	O
immunomodulatory	O
effects	O
,	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
IFN	B-PRGE
or	O
IFN	B-PRGE
inducers	O
may	O
prove	O
an	O
efficient	O
strategy	O
for	O
a	O
better	O
control	O
of	O
influenza	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
and	O
coronavirus	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
in	O
pigs	B-SPEC
.	O

The	O
mean	O
body	B-ANAT
weights	O
of	O
cocks	O
and	O
hens	O
were	O
2	O
.	O
28	O
+/-	O

However	O
,	O
there	O
are	O
very	O
few	O
convincing	O
reports	O
of	O
persistent	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
sequelae	O
,	O
as	O
demonstrated	O
by	O
spirometry	O
,	O
radiology	O
and	O
pathology	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Inhibition	B-PROC
of	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
gene	B-PROC
expression	I-PROC
by	O
adenovirus	B-DISO
-	O
delivered	O
small	O
hairpin	O
RNA	O
.	O

The	O
effects	O
of	O
adenovirus	B-DISO
-	O
delivered	O
small	O
hairpin	O
RNA	O
on	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
gene	B-PROC
expression	I-PROC
were	O
determined	O
by	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
,	O
Western	O
blot	O
,	O
and	O
luciferase	B-PROC
activity	I-PROC
assays	O
.	O

In	O
addition	O
,	O
we	O
performed	O
this	O
study	O
in	O
order	B-SPEC
to	O
delineate	O
the	O
prevalence	O
,	O
the	O
potential	O
clinical	O
impacts	O
and	O
evaluation	O
of	O
the	O
genetic	O
characterization	O
of	O
this	O
pathogen	O
in	O
young	O
children	O
who	O
presented	O
with	O
acute	O
lower	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
tract	I-DISO
infections	I-DISO
(	O
ALRI	O
).	O

We	O
report	O
our	O
experience	O
of	O
managing	O
five	O
patients	O
with	O
paraquat	B-CHED
poisoning	O
using	O
immunosuppressive	O
therapy	O
.	O

Five	O
(	O
5	O
.	O
9	O
percent	O
)	O
out	O
of	O
the	O
84	O
patients	O
were	O
admitted	O
with	O
a	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
paraquat	B-CHED
poisoning	O
.	O

All	O
patients	O
had	O
hepatic	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
with	O
median	O
peak	O
bilirubin	B-CHED
being	O
22	O
.	O
1	O
+/-	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Emerging	O
viral	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
].	O

The	O
management	O
and	O
treatment	O
of	O
these	O
emerging	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
calls	O
for	O
new	O
approaches	O
,	O
organizations	O
and	O
infrastructures	O
.	O

We	O
sought	O
to	O
determine	O
the	O
contribution	O
of	O
respiratory	O
viruses	B-SPEC
to	O
asthma	B-PATH
exacerbations	O
in	O
children	O
with	O
a	O
panel	O
of	O
PCR	O
assays	O
for	O
common	O
and	O
newly	O
discovered	O
respiratory	O
viruses	B-SPEC
.	O

Respiratory	O
specimens	O
from	O
children	O
aged	O
2	O
to	O
17	O
years	O
with	O
asthma	B-PATH
exacerbations	O
(	O
case	O
patients	O
,	O
n	O
=	O
65	O
)	O
and	O
with	O
well	O
-	O
controlled	O
asthma	B-PATH
(	O
control	O
subjects	O
,	O
n	O
=	O
77	O
),	O
frequency	O
matched	O
by	O
age	O
and	O
season	O
of	O
enrollment	O
,	O
were	O
tested	O
for	O
rhinoviruses	B-SPEC
,	O
enteroviruses	B-SPEC
,	O
respiratory	B-SPEC
syncytial	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
,	O
human	B-SPEC
metapneumovirus	I-SPEC
,	O
coronaviruses	O
229E	O
and	O
OC43	O
,	O
parainfluenza	B-DISO
viruses	B-SPEC
1	O
to	O
3	O
,	O
influenza	B-SPEC
viruses	I-SPEC
,	O
adenoviruses	B-SPEC
,	O
and	O
human	B-SPEC
bocavirus	I-SPEC
.	O

However	O
,	O
in	O
children	O
without	O
clinically	O
manifested	O
viral	O
respiratory	B-ANAT
tract	I-ANAT
illness	O
,	O
the	O
prevalence	O
of	O
rhinovirus	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
was	O
similar	O
in	O
case	O
patients	O
(	O
29	O
.	O
2	O
%)	O
versus	O
control	O
subjects	O
(	O
23	O
.	O
4	O
%,	O
P	O
>	O
.	O
05	O
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Genetic	O
distance	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
from	O
the	O
recent	O
natural	O
case	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Phylogenetic	O
analysis	O
of	O
SARS	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
isolates	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
spike	O
gene	O
and	O
protein	B-CHED
sequence	O
using	O
Neighbor	O
-	O
Joining	O
,	O
maximum	O
likelihood	O
and	O
Bayesian	O
inference	O
methods	O
indicated	O
that	O
a	O
recent	O
human	B-SPEC
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
isolate	O
was	O
closer	O
to	O
some	O
human	B-SPEC
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
isolates	O
from	O
earlier	O
epidemic	O
phase	O
than	O
to	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
-	O
like	O
viruses	B-SPEC
isolated	O
from	O
wild	O
animals	B-SPEC
during	O
previous	O
epidemic	O
phase	O
.	O

A	O
reasonable	O
judgment	O
based	O
on	O
phylogenetic	O
relationship	O
and	O
sequence	O
variations	O
it	O
is	O
likely	O
that	O
the	O
recent	O
human	B-SPEC
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
isolate	O
is	O
closer	O
to	O
an	O
unknown	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
predecessor	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
revealing	O
severe	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
leptospirosis	B-DISO
].	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Molecular	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

The	O
project	O
'	O
s	O
curation	O
strategy	O
has	O
three	O
prongs	O
:	O
'	O
breadth	O
first	O
'	O
beginning	O
with	O
whole	O
-	O
genome	O
and	O
proteome	O
curation	O
using	O
standardized	O
protocols	O
,	O
a	O
'	B-PROC
targeted	I-PROC
'	O
approach	O
addressing	O
the	O
specific	O
needs	O
of	O
researchers	O
and	O
an	O
integrative	O
strategy	O
to	O
leverage	O
high	O
-	O
throughput	O
experimental	O
data	O
(	O
e	O
.	O
g	O
.	O
microarrays	O
,	O
proteomics	O
)	O
and	O
literature	O
.	O

The	O
dimeric	O
enzyme	O
dissociated	O
at	O
guanidinium	B-CHED
chloride	I-CHED
concentration	O
of	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
4	O
M	O
,	O
at	O
which	O
the	O
enzymatic	B-PROC
activity	I-PROC
loss	O
showed	O
close	O
correlation	O
with	O
the	O
subunit	O
dissociation	B-DISO
.	O

We	O
provide	O
direct	O
evidence	O
for	O
the	O
functional	O
role	O
of	O
C	O
-	O
terminal	O
domain	O
in	O
stabilization	O
of	O
the	O
catalytic	O
N	O
-	O
terminal	O
domain	O
of	O
SARS	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
main	O
protease	O
.	O

Subsequent	O
analysis	O
revealed	O
no	O
differences	O
in	O
T	B-PROC
cell	I-PROC
proliferation	B-DISO
,	O
IFN	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
gamma	I-PROC
secretion	B-ANAT
by	O
virus	B-SPEC
-	O
specific	O
T	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
,	O
or	O
CD8	B-PRGE
+	I-PRGE
T	I-PRGE
cell	O
cytolytic	O
activity	O
.	O

Adoptive	O
transfer	O
of	O
splenocytes	O
acquired	O
from	O
MHV	B-SPEC
-	O
immunized	O
CXCL10	O
(-/-)	O
mice	B-SPEC
into	O
MHV	B-SPEC
-	O
infected	O
RAG1	O
(-/-)	O
mice	B-SPEC
resulted	O
in	O
T	B-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
infiltration	B-DISO
into	O
the	O
CNS	B-CHED
,	O
reduced	O
viral	O
burden	O
,	O
and	O
demyelination	B-DISO
comparable	O
to	O
RAG1	B-PRGE
(-/-)	O
recipients	O
of	O
immune	O
CXCL10	O
(+/+)	O
splenocytes	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
SARS	B-DISO
CoV	I-PRGE
main	I-PRGE
proteinase	B-PROC
:	O
The	O
monomer	O
-	O
dimer	O
equilibrium	B-PROC
dissociation	B-DISO
constant	O
.	O

A	O
crucial	O
step	O
in	O
containing	O
infection	B-DISO
is	O
the	O
prevention	O
of	O
the	O
disease	O
;	O
efforts	O
are	O
directed	O
toward	O
this	O
endpoint	O
.	O

In	O
particular	O
,	O
this	O
approach	O
utilizes	O
docking	B-PROC
scores	O
generated	O
for	O
already	O
processed	O
compounds	O
to	O
build	O
predictive	O
QSAR	O
models	O
that	O
,	O
in	O
turn	O
,	O
assess	O
hypothetical	O
target	O
binding	B-FUNC
affinities	O
for	O
yet	O
undocked	O
entries	O
.	O

We	O
demonstrate	O
that	O
progressive	O
docking	B-PROC
can	O
reduce	O
the	O
amount	O
of	O
computations	O
1	O
.	O
2	O
-	O
to	O
2	O
.	O
6	O
-	O
fold	O
(	O
when	O
compared	O
to	O
traditional	O
docking	B-PROC
),	O
while	O
maintaining	O
80	O
-	O
99	O
%	O
hit	O
recovery	O
rates	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Anti	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
SARS	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
activity	O
of	O
nucleoside	B-CHED
analogs	O
having	O
6	O
-	O
chloropurine	O
as	O
a	O
nucleobase	B-CHED
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Awareness	O
on	O
SARS	B-DISO
and	O
public	O
health	O
emergencies	B-DISO
among	O
general	O
publics	O
].	O

It	O
is	O
essential	O
for	O
the	O
government	O
to	O
interact	O
and	O
communicate	O
with	O
the	O
publics	O
through	O
media	B-ANAT
,	O
medical	O
and	O
related	O
institutions	O
when	O
confronting	O
with	O
the	O
public	O
health	O
emergencies	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Family	B-SPEC
physicians	O
'	O
experiences	O
,	O
behaviour	B-PROC
,	O
and	O
use	O
of	O
personal	O
protection	O
equipment	O
during	O
the	O
SARS	O
outbreak	O
in	O
Singapore	O
:	O

Dimerization	O
inhibitors	B-CHED
are	O
usually	O
targeted	B-PROC
to	O
the	O
dimerization	O
interface	O
and	O
need	O
to	O
compete	O
with	O
the	O
attractive	O
forces	O
between	O
subunits	O
to	O
be	O
effective	O
.	O

We	O
previously	O
identified	O
a	O
cluster	O
of	O
conserved	O
serine	B-CHED
residues	O
(	O
Ser139	O
,	O
Ser144	O
,	O
and	O
Ser147	O
)	O
located	O
adjacent	O
to	O
the	O
active	O
site	O
of	O
3CLpro	O
that	O
could	O
effectively	O
be	O
targeted	O
to	O
inactivate	O
the	O
protease	O
[	O
Bacha	O
,	O
U	O
et	O
al	O
.	O
(	O
2004	O
)	O
Biochemistry	O
43	O
,	O
4906	O
-	O
4912	O
].	O

Pulmonary	B-DISO
edema	I-DISO
is	O
the	O
most	O
severe	O
form	O
of	O
lung	B-ANAT
involvement	O
.	O

Increased	O
alveolar	B-ANAT
capillary	B-PROC
permeability	I-PROC
leading	O
to	O
intravascular	O
fluid	B-DISO
loss	I-DISO
into	O
the	O
lungs	B-ANAT
is	O
the	O
main	O
pathophysiologic	O
mechanism	O
.	O

Clinically	O
,	O
patients	O
usually	O
present	O
with	O
acute	O
breathlessness	B-DISO
that	O
can	O
rapidly	O
progress	O
to	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
either	O
at	O
disease	O
presentation	O
or	O
,	O
interestingly	O
,	O
after	O
treatment	O
when	O
clinical	O
improvement	O
is	O
taking	O
place	O
and	O
the	O
parasitemia	O
is	O
falling	O
.	O

Whilst	O
this	O
is	O
increasingly	O
being	O
recognized	O
in	O
malaria	B-PATH
-	O
endemic	O
countries	O
,	O
clinicians	O
in	O
temperate	O
zones	O
should	O
be	O
aware	O
that	O
malaria	B-PATH
may	O
be	O
a	O
possible	O
cause	O
of	O
'	B-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
'	O
in	O
a	O
visiting	O
or	O
returning	O
child	O
.	O

Both	O
treatments	O
blocked	O
virus	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
and	O
apoptosis	B-PATH
,	O
indicating	O
that	O
virus	B-SPEC
-	O
receptor	B-FUNC
binding	I-FUNC
is	O
necessary	O
but	O
not	O
sufficient	O
for	O
the	O
apoptosis	B-PROC
induction	I-PROC
.	O

We	O
developed	O
a	O
novel	O
PCR	O
assay	O
,	O
the	O
microarray	O
-	O
in	O
-	O
a	O
-	O
tube	O
system	O
,	O
which	O
integrates	O
multiple	O
PCR	O
processes	O
and	O
DNA	O
microarrays	O
for	O
multiple	O
virus	B-SPEC
detection	O
.	O

A	O
5	O
x	O
5	O
oligonucleotide	B-CHED
microarray	O
for	O
detecting	O
4	O
respiratory	B-ANAT
tract	I-ANAT
viruses	B-SPEC
(	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
-	O
associated	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
,	O
influenza	B-SPEC
A	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
,	O
influenza	B-SPEC
B	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
,	O
and	O
enterovirus	B-SPEC
)	O
with	O
inner	O
controls	O
was	O
arranged	O
on	O
the	O
inner	O
surface	O
of	O
a	O
specially	O
designed	O
Eppendorf	O
cap	B-DISO
with	O
a	O
flat	O
,	O
optically	O
transparent	O
window	O
.	O

We	O
were	O
able	O
to	O
perform	O
all	O
detection	O
processes	O
in	O
the	O
encapsulated	O
system	O
without	O
opening	O
the	O
cap	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
4	O
viruses	B-SPEC
were	O
successfully	O
amplified	O
by	O
one	O
-	O
step	O
reverse	B-PROC
transcription	I-PROC
-	O
PCR	O
in	O
the	O
encapsulated	O
tube	O
.	O

The	O
microarray	O
-	O
in	O
-	O
a	O
-	O
tube	O
system	O
is	O
a	O
rapid	O
,	O
labor	B-PROC
-	O
saving	O
tool	O
for	O
multiple	O
virus	B-SPEC
detection	O
with	O
several	O
advantages	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
convenience	O
,	O
prevention	O
of	O
cross	O
-	O
contamination	O
of	O
the	O
PCR	O
products	O
,	O
and	O
potential	O
for	O
multiple	O
-	O
gene	O
detection	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
We	O
were	O
able	O
to	O
perform	O
all	O
detection	O
processes	O
in	O
the	O
encapsulated	O
system	O
without	O
opening	O
the	O
cap	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
sensitivity	O
of	O
the	O
system	O
for	O
virus	B-SPEC
detection	O
reached	O
10	O
(	O
2	O
)	O
copies	O
/	O
microL	O
.	O
With	O
the	O
help	O
of	O
inner	O
controls	O
,	O
the	O
system	O
provided	O
reliable	O
results	O
without	O
false	O
negatives	O
and	O
false	O
positives	O
.	O

Demographics	O
,	O
mechanism	O
of	O
injury	O
(	O
MOI	O
),	O
ISS	B-DISO
,	O
revised	O
trauma	O
score	O
,	O
Glasgow	O
Coma	B-DISO
score	O
,	O
hospital	O
course	O
,	O
morbidity	O
,	O
requirement	O
of	O
additional	O
procedures	O
,	O
mortality	O
,	O
and	O
cost	O
were	O
compared	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Of	O
6	O
,	O
431	O
patients	O
,	O
55	O
(	O
0	O
.	O
9	O
%)	O
developed	O
AWS	B-DISO
.	O

Hemagglutination	B-PROC
inhibition	B-PROC
(	O
HI	O
)	O
test	O
has	O
been	O
used	O
to	O
determine	O
the	O
serotypes	O
of	O
IBV	B-SPEC
as	O
a	O
substitute	O
to	O
the	O
more	O
laborious	O
virus	B-PROC
neutralization	I-PROC
test	O
and	O
the	O
more	O
sophisticated	B-PRGE
restriction	I-PRGE
endonuclease	I-PRGE
digestion	B-PROC
or	O
sequencing	O
of	O
the	O
S1	B-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
.	O

In	O
Jordan	O
,	O
no	O
previous	O
studies	O
have	O
been	O
carried	O
out	O
to	O
determine	O
the	O
involvement	O
of	O
IBV	B-SPEC
in	O
respiratory	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
in	O
chickens	B-SPEC
,	O
or	O
the	O
serotypes	O
of	O
IBV	B-SPEC
that	O
possibly	O
exist	O
.	O

The	O
HI	O
test	O
results	O
indicated	O
that	O
the	O
exposure	O
of	O
some	O
of	O
these	O
flocks	O
were	O
to	O
Ark	B-PRGE
,	O
DE	O
-	O
072	O
,	O
and	O
Mass	O
like	O
serotypes	O
.	O

Mapping	O
of	O
the	O
binding	B-FUNC
region	O
was	O
achieved	O
with	O
several	O
S1	O
recombinant	O
proteins	B-CHED
.	O

The	O
molecular	O
biology	O
of	O
coronaviruses	O
and	O
particular	O
features	O
of	O
the	O
human	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
229E	I-SPEC
(	O
HCoV	O
229E	O
)	O
indicate	O
that	O
HCoV	O
229E	O
-	O
based	O
vaccine	O
vectors	O
can	O
become	O
a	O
new	O
class	B-SPEC
of	O
highly	O
efficient	O
vaccines	O
.	O

Second	O
,	O
HCoV	B-PRGE
229E	I-PRGE
structural	I-PRGE
genes	I-PRGE
can	O
be	O
replaced	O
by	O
multiple	O
transcriptional	B-PROC
units	O
encoding	O
various	O
antigens	O
.	O

These	O
virus	B-ANAT
-	I-ANAT
like	I-ANAT
particles	I-ANAT
(	O
VLPs	B-ANAT
)	O
containing	O
HCoV	O
229E	O
-	O
based	O
vector	O
RNA	O
have	O
the	O
ability	O
to	O
transduce	O
human	B-SPEC
DCs	B-DISO
and	O
to	O
mediate	O
heterologous	O
gene	B-PROC
expression	I-PROC
in	O
these	O
cells	B-COMP
.	O

It	O
is	O
thus	O
most	O
likely	O
that	O
pre	O
-	O
existing	O
immunity	B-PROC
against	O
HCoV	O
229E	O
will	O
not	O
significantly	O
impact	O
on	O
the	O
vaccination	O
efficiency	O
if	O
HCoV	O
229E	O
-	O
based	O
vectors	O
are	O
used	O
in	O
humans	B-SPEC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
distress	O
syndrome	O
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
is	O
a	O
severe	O
form	O
of	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
(	O
ALI	O
).	O

First	O
,	O
the	O
liposomes	O
entrapping	O
DIP	B-DISO
were	O
prepared	O
by	O
film	O
hydration	O
for	O
treating	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

Furthermore	O
,	O
DIP	B-DISO
liposomes	O
alleviated	O
the	O
ALI	O
induced	O
by	O
LPS	B-DISO
significantly	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Bronchoalveolar	O
lavage	O
with	O
diluted	O
porcine	B-SPEC
surfactant	B-CHED
in	O
mechanically	O
ventilated	O
term	O
infants	O
with	O
meconium	O
aspiration	O
syndrome	O
.	O

Only	O
one	O
patient	O
required	O
nitric	B-CHED
oxide	I-CHED
therapy	O
for	O
transient	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
hypertension	I-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Chinese	O
medicine	B-CHED
(	O
CM	O
)	O
has	O
been	O
used	O
to	O
control	O
infectious	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
for	O
thousands	O
of	O
years	O
.	O

The	O
initial	O
findings	O
seemed	O
to	O
indicate	O
a	O
favorable	O
effect	O
of	O
CM	O
on	O
management	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
.	O

Additionally	O
,	O
the	O
combined	O
protocol	O
improved	O
arterial	B-ANAT
oxyhemoglobin	B-CHED
saturation	O
significantly	O
at	O
day	O
22	O
(	O
p	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
).	O

All	O
of	O
the	O
clinical	O
data	O
and	O
survival	O
time	O
during	O
72	O
hours	O
were	O
collected	O
and	O
analyzed	O
,	O
including	O
the	O
collection	O
of	O
bronchioalveolar	O
lavage	O
fluid	O
(	O
BALF	O
)	O
for	O
the	O
determination	O
of	O
total	O
protein	B-CHED
(	O
TP	O
),	O
total	O
phospholipids	B-CHED
(	O
TPL	O
),	O
disaturated	O
phosphatidyl	B-CHED
choline	B-CHED
(	O
DSPC	O
),	O
and	O
measurement	O
of	O
alveolar	B-ANAT
tension	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
in	O
vivo	O
function	O
of	O
collectrin	B-PRGE
was	O
unclear	O
.	O

Here	O
we	O
report	O
that	O
targeted	B-PROC
disruption	O
of	O
collectrin	B-PRGE
in	O
mice	B-SPEC
results	O
in	O
a	O
severe	O
defect	O
in	O
renal	B-ANAT
amino	B-PROC
acid	I-PROC
uptake	I-PROC
owing	O
to	O
downregulation	B-PROC
of	O
apical	O
amino	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
transporters	O
in	O
the	O
kidney	B-ANAT
.	O

The	O
concerted	O
and	O
cooperative	O
response	O
for	O
the	O
treatment	O
of	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
disease	O
has	O
been	O
proved	O
to	O
be	O
a	O
triumph	O
of	O
global	O
public	O
health	O
and	O
provides	O
a	O
new	O
paradigm	O
for	O
the	O
detection	O
and	O
control	O
of	O
future	O
emerging	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
threats	O
.	O

Inhibitors	B-CHED
with	O
IC50	O
values	O
as	O
low	O
as	O
60	O
nM	O
have	O
been	O
reported	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
first	O
appeared	O
in	O
2002	O
in	O
China	O
,	O
which	O
fastly	O
affected	O
about	O
8000	O
patients	O
over	O
29	O
countries	O
and	O
caused	O
774	O
fatalities	O
.	O

As	O
its	O
pathogen	O
was	O
identified	O
as	O
a	O
new	O
kind	O
of	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS_CoV	O
),	O
its	O
genome	O
was	O
quickly	O
sequenced	O
on	O
several	O
isolates	O
.	O

Theoretical	O
models	O
,	O
either	O
Logistic	O
model	O
or	O
SIR	O
model	O
,	O
were	O
developed	O
to	O
describe	O
the	O
transmission	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
recorded	O
difference	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
spreading	O
in	O
Beijing	O
and	O
Hong	O
Kong	O
was	O
also	O
reasonably	O
analyzed	O
according	O
to	O
these	O
models	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Drug	O
design	O
targeting	B-PROC
the	O
main	O
protease	O
,	O
the	O
Achilles	B-ANAT
'	O
heel	B-ANAT
of	O
coronaviruses	O
.	O

Finally	O
,	O
a	O
brief	O
introduction	O
is	O
given	O
for	O
how	O
to	O
use	O
computer	O
-	O
generated	O
graphs	O
to	O
rapidly	O
diagnose	O
SARS	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Attenuated	O
Salmonella	B-DISO
have	O
been	O
used	O
as	O
vectors	O
to	O
deliver	O
foreign	O
antigens	B-CHED
as	O
live	O
vaccines	O
.	O

In	O
vivo	O
protection	O
experiments	O
on	O
newborn	O
piglets	O
have	O
,	O
in	O
addition	O
,	O
demonstrated	O
a	O
strong	O
reduction	O
of	O
virus	B-SPEC
titre	O
in	O
infected	O
tissues	B-ANAT
of	O
animals	B-SPEC
treated	O
orally	B-ANAT
with	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
-	O
specific	O
SIPs	B-PROC
.	O

In	O
the	O
meantime	O
,	O
decisive	O
progress	O
in	O
the	O
knowledge	O
about	O
the	O
structure	O
and	O
further	O
characteristics	O
of	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
have	O
been	O
made	O
,	O
including	O
the	O
likely	O
virus	B-SPEC
reservoir	O
and	O
the	O
ways	O
of	O
spread	O
.	O

Effective	O
vaccines	O
and	O
antiviral	B-CHED
agents	I-CHED
are	O
being	O
developed	O
.	O

The	O
HCoV	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
NL63	I-PRGE
spike	I-PRGE
(	I-PRGE
S	I-PRGE
)	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
mediates	O
virion	B-COMP
attachment	O
to	O
cells	B-COMP
and	O
subsequent	O
fusion	O
of	O
the	O
viral	O
and	O
cellular	B-COMP
membranes	B-ANAT
.	O

Limited	O
proteolysis	B-PROC
studies	O
of	O
the	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
NL63	I-SPEC
S2	O
fusion	O
core	O
identify	O
an	O
alpha	O
-	O
helical	O
domain	O
composed	O
of	O
a	O
trimer	O
of	O
the	O
HR	O
segments	O
N57	O
and	O
C42	O
.	O

As	O
a	O
result	O
,	O
this	O
structure	O
is	O
unusually	O
stable	O
,	O
with	O
an	O
apparent	O
melting	O
temperature	O
of	O
78	O
degrees	O
C	O
in	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
the	O
denaturant	O
guanidine	B-CHED
hydrochloride	B-CHED
at	O
5	O
M	O
concentration	O
.	O

This	O
study	O
also	O
suggests	O
a	O
potential	O
strategy	O
for	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
improved	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
NL63	I-SPEC
fusion	O
inhibitors	B-CHED
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Evaluation	O
of	O
immunomodulators	O
,	O
interferons	O
and	O
known	O
in	O
vitro	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
coV	O
inhibitors	B-CHED
for	O
inhibition	B-PROC
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
coV	O
replication	O
in	O
BALB	O
/	O
c	O
mice	B-SPEC
.	O

In	O
summary	O
,	O
the	O
data	O
suggest	O
that	O
induction	O
of	O
IFN	B-PRGE
by	O
mismatched	O
dsRNA	B-CHED
or	O
actual	O
treatment	O
with	O
exogenous	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
alpha	I-PRGE
can	O
inhibit	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
replication	O
in	O
the	O
lungs	B-ANAT
of	O
mice	B-SPEC
.	O

Herein	O
we	O
describe	O
the	O
antiviral	B-CHED
activity	O
of	O
several	O
classes	O
of	O
nucleoside	B-CHED
analogues	I-CHED
evaluated	O
against	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
in	O
Vero	O
76	O
cells	B-COMP
,	O
some	O
of	O
which	O
exhibited	O
moderate	O
activity	O
.	O

Dengue	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
-	O
specific	O
probes	O
with	O
predicted	O
solution	O
-	O
phase	O
DeltaG	O
of	O
folding	O
in	O
500	O
mM	O
buffered	O
NaCl	B-CHED
of	O
approximately	O
-	O
4	O
kcal	O
/	O
mol	O
performed	O
better	O
than	O
those	O
with	O
DeltaG	O
>	O
-	O
2	O
or	O
<	O
-	O
6	O
kcal	O
/	O
mol	O
.	O

Though	O
they	O
may	O
be	O
viewed	O
as	O
extreme	O
events	O
,	O
scenarios	O
such	O
as	O
the	O
re	O
-	O
emergence	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
,	O
the	O
affliction	O
posed	O
by	O
the	O
H5N1	B-DISO
strain	O
of	O
avian	B-DISO
influenza	I-DISO
and	O
the	O
threat	O
of	O
a	O
bioterrorist	O
attack	O
have	O
all	O
been	O
described	O
.	O

In	O
cockerels	O
,	O
IBV	B-SPEC
multiplies	O
first	O
in	O
the	O
Harderian	B-ANAT
gland	I-ANAT
,	O
then	O
simultaneously	O
in	O
the	O
trachea	B-DISO
and	O
kidney	B-ANAT
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Histopathology	O
of	O
two	O
serotypes	O
of	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
in	O
laying	O
hens	O
vaccinated	O
in	O
the	O
rearing	O
phase	O
.	O

We	O
used	O
a	O
well	O
-	O
established	O
recombinant	O
vaccinia	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
VV	O
)-	O
based	O
expression	B-PROC
system	O
that	O
lacks	O
the	O
viral	B-PRGE
IFN	I-PRGE
antagonist	I-PRGE
E3L	I-PRGE
to	O
screen	O
viral	O
genes	O
for	O
their	O
ability	O
to	O
rescue	O
the	O
IFN	B-PRGE
sensitivity	O
of	O
the	O
mutant	B-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
small	O
envelope	O
protein	B-CHED
(	O
E	O
)	O
plays	O
a	O
role	O
of	O
central	O
importance	O
in	O
the	O
assembly	O
of	O
coronaviruses	O
.	O

To	O
investigate	O
whether	O
different	O
working	O
conditions	O
in	O
the	O
hospital	O
led	O
to	O
different	O
psychological	B-DISO
effects	O
on	O
healthcare	O
workers	O
,	O
the	O
psychological	B-DISO
effect	O
on	O
emergency	B-DISO
department	O
staff	O
in	O
the	O
high	O
-	O
risk	O
ward	O
was	O
compared	O
with	O
that	O
on	O
psychiatric	O
ward	O
staff	O
in	O
the	O
medium	O
-	O
risk	O
ward	O
.	O

No	O
significant	O
difference	O
in	O
CHQ	B-CHED
score	O
was	O
observed	O
between	O
the	O
two	O
groups	O
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
SARS	B-DISO
was	O
a	O
traumatic	O
experience	O
for	O
healthcare	O
providers	O
in	O
Taiwan	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Preliminary	O
crystallographic	O
analysis	O
of	O
avian	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
bronchitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
main	O
protease	O
.	O

In	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
IBV	B-SPEC
M	O
(	O
pro	B-CHED
)	O
was	O
overexpressed	O
in	O
Escherichia	B-SPEC
coli	I-SPEC
.	O

X	O
-	O
ray	B-SPEC
diffraction	O
data	O
were	O
collected	O
in	O
-	O
house	O
to	O
2	O
.	O
7	O
A	O
resolution	O
from	O
a	O
single	O
crystal	B-ANAT
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Contact	O
tracing	O
plays	O
an	O
important	O
role	O
in	O
the	O
control	O
of	O
emerging	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
,	O
but	O
little	O
is	O
known	O
yet	O
about	O
its	O
effectiveness	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Baculovirus	B-SPEC
surface	O
display	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
spike	O
protein	B-CHED
and	O
immunogenicity	O
of	O
the	O
displayed	O
protein	O
in	O
mice	B-SPEC
models	O
.	O

Subcutaneous	O
injection	O
with	O
purified	O
S	O
-	O
displayed	O
baculoviruses	O
without	O
adjuvant	B-CHED
elicited	O
highly	O
effective	O
production	O
of	O
specific	O
and	O
neutralizing	O
antibodies	B-COMP
against	O
S	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
in	O
mice	B-SPEC
.	O

rFVIIa	O
reduced	O
multi	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
organ	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
and	O
/	O
or	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
in	O
the	O
coagulopathic	O
patients	O
(	O
3	O
%	O
versus	O
20	O
%,	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
004	O
),	O
whereas	O
thromboembolic	B-DISO
events	I-DISO
were	O
equally	O
present	O
in	O
both	O
groups	O
(	O
3	O
%	O
versus	O
4	O
%,	O
P	O
=	O
1	O
.	O
00	O
).	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Cytomegalovirus	O
(	O
CMV	B-SPEC
)	O
infection	B-DISO
is	O
associated	O
with	O
significant	O
morbidity	O
and	O
mortality	O
in	O
immunocompromised	O
patients	O
.	O

In	O
immunocompetent	O
individuals	O
,	O
the	O
infection	B-DISO
is	O
usually	O
subclinical	O
but	O
it	O
can	O
sometimes	O
be	O
life	O
threatening	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
We	O
have	O
performed	O
intra	O
-	O
hospital	O
syndromic	O
surveillance	O
to	O
rapidly	O
detect	O
nosocomial	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
outbreaks	O
in	O
both	O
inpatients	O
and	O
health	O
care	O
workers	O
in	O
a	O
hospital	O
.	O

Furthermore	O
,	O
some	O
insectivorous	O
bat	B-ENZY
species	B-SPEC
may	O
be	O
important	O
reservoirs	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
,	O
whereas	O
Ebola	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
has	O
been	O
detected	O
in	O
some	O
megachiropteran	O
fruit	O
bats	B-SPEC
.	O

Thus	O
far	O
,	O
European	B-SPEC
bat	I-SPEC
lyssavirus	I-SPEC
(	O
EBLV	O
)	O
is	O
the	O
only	O
zoonotic	O
virus	B-SPEC
that	O
has	O
been	O
detected	O
in	O
bats	B-SPEC
in	O
Europe	O
.	O

New	O
zoonotic	O
viruses	B-SPEC
may	O
emerge	O
from	O
bat	B-ENZY
reservoirs	O
and	O
known	O
ones	O
may	O
spread	O
to	O
a	O
wider	O
geographical	O
range	O
.	O

With	O
the	O
knowledge	O
generated	O
from	O
this	O
kind	O
of	O
research	O
,	O
a	O
rapid	O
response	O
system	O
can	O
be	O
set	O
up	O
to	O
enhance	O
public	O
health	O
awareness	O
of	O
emerging	O
zoonotic	O
viruses	B-SPEC
of	O
bats	B-SPEC
.	O

The	O
purified	O
protein	B-CHED
was	O
characterized	O
using	O
circular	O
dichroism	O
,	O
size	O
exclusion	O
chromatography	O
,	O
and	O
multi	O
-	O
angle	O
light	O
scattering	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Production	O
of	O
authentic	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
M	I-PRGE
(	I-PRGE
pro	B-CHED
)	I-PRGE
with	O
enhanced	O
activity	O
:	O
application	O
as	O
a	O
novel	O
tag	B-DISO
-	O
cleavage	B-PROC
endopeptidase	O
for	O
protein	B-CHED
overproduction	O
.	O

Our	O
results	O
show	O
that	O
additional	O
residues	O
at	O
the	O
N	O
terminus	O
,	O
but	O
not	O
at	O
the	O
C	O
terminus	O
,	O
of	O
M	O
(	O
pro	B-CHED
)	O
are	O
detrimental	O
to	O
enzyme	B-FUNC
activity	I-FUNC
.	O

To	O
explain	O
this	O
,	O
the	O
crystal	B-ANAT
structures	O
of	O
WT	B-PRGE
SARS	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
M	I-PRGE
(	I-PRGE
pro	B-CHED
)	I-PRGE
and	O
its	O
complex	O
with	O
a	O
Michael	O
acceptor	B-CHED
inhibitor	B-CHED
were	O
determined	O
to	O
1	O
.	O
6	O
Angstroms	O
and	O
1	O
.	O
95	O
Angstroms	O
resolution	O
respectively	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Old	O
age	O
(	O
over	O
60	O
years	O
)	O
was	O
found	O
to	O
be	O
significantly	O
associated	O
with	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
related	O
deaths	B-PROC
in	O
the	O
univariate	O
analysis	O
.	O

We	O
investigated	O
the	O
combination	O
of	O
type	B-PRGE
I	I-PRGE
IFNs	I-PRGE
(	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
alpha	I-PRGE
or	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
beta	I-PRGE
)	O
and	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
gamma	I-PRGE
for	O
antiviral	B-CHED
activity	O
and	O
found	O
that	O
such	O
combinations	O
synergistically	O
inhibited	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
replication	O
in	O
Vero	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
,	O
using	O
yield	O
reduction	O
assay	O
and	O
the	O
isobologram	O
and	O
combination	O
index	O
methods	O
of	O
Chou	O
and	O
Talalay	O
for	O
evaluation	O
.	O

The	O
highly	O
synergistic	O
anti	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
SARS	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
action	O
of	O
type	B-PRGE
I	I-PRGE
IFNs	I-PRGE
and	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
gamma	I-PRGE
parallels	O
the	O
marked	O
increase	O
in	O
2	O
'-	O
5	O
'-	O
oligoadenylate	B-PRGE
synthetase	I-PRGE
and	O
p56	B-PRGE
mRNAs	I-PRGE
following	O
exposure	O
in	O
Vero	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
to	O
either	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
alpha	I-PRGE
or	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
beta	I-PRGE
and	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
gamma	I-PRGE
compared	O
with	O
the	O
transcriptional	B-PROC
levels	O
obtained	O
after	O
stimulation	O
with	O
either	O
IFN	B-PRGE
alone	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Aurintricarboxylic	O
acid	O
inhibits	O
the	O
early	O
stage	O
of	O
vaccinia	B-SPEC
virus	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
by	O
targeting	B-PROC
both	O
cellular	O
and	O
viral	O
factors	O
.	O

SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
is	O
a	O
zoonotic	O
virus	B-SPEC
that	O
crossed	O
the	O
species	B-SPEC
barrier	O
,	O
most	O
likely	O
originating	O
from	O
bats	B-SPEC
or	O
from	O
other	O
species	B-SPEC
including	O
civets	B-SPEC
,	O
raccoon	B-SPEC
dogs	I-SPEC
,	O
domestic	B-SPEC
cats	I-SPEC
,	O
swine	B-SPEC
,	O
and	O
rodents	B-SPEC
.	O

Using	O
Venezuelan	B-SPEC
equine	I-SPEC
encephalitis	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
replicon	O
particles	O
(	O
VRP	B-PRGE
)	O
expressing	O
the	O
2003	O
epidemic	O
Urbani	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
strain	O
spike	O
(	O
S	O
)	O
glycoprotein	B-CHED
(	O
VRP	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
S	I-PRGE
)	O
or	O
the	O
nucleocapsid	B-COMP
(	O
N	O
)	O
protein	B-CHED
from	O
the	O
same	O
strain	O
(	O
VRP	O
-	O
N	O
),	O
we	O
demonstrate	O
that	O
VRP	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
S	I-PRGE
,	O
but	O
not	O
VRP	O
-	O
N	O
vaccines	O
provide	O
complete	O
short	O
-	O
and	O
long	O
-	O
term	O
protection	O
against	O
homologous	O
strain	O
challenge	O
in	O
young	O
and	O
senescent	O
mice	B-SPEC
.	O

To	O
test	O
VRP	O
vaccine	O
efficacy	O
against	O
a	O
heterologous	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
,	O
we	O
used	O
phylogenetic	O
analyses	O
,	O
synthetic	O
biology	O
,	O
and	O
reverse	O
genetics	O
to	O
construct	O
a	O
chimeric	O
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
icGDO3	O
-	O
S	O
)	O
encoding	O
a	O
synthetic	B-PRGE
S	I-PRGE
glycoprotein	I-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
of	O
the	O
most	O
genetically	O
divergent	O
human	B-SPEC
strain	O
,	O
GDO3	O
,	O
which	O
clusters	B-CHED
among	O
the	O
zoonotic	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
.	O
icGD03	O
-	O
S	O
replicated	O
efficiently	O
in	O
human	B-SPEC
airway	B-ANAT
epithelial	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
and	O
in	O
the	O
lungs	B-ANAT
of	O
young	O
and	O
senescent	O
mice	B-SPEC
,	O
and	O
was	O
highly	O
resistant	O
to	O
neutralization	O
with	O
antisera	O
directed	O
against	O
the	O
Urbani	O
strain	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Human	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
229E	I-SPEC
encodes	O
a	O
single	O
ORF4	O
protein	B-CHED
between	O
the	O
spike	O
and	O
the	O
envelope	B-COMP
genes	O
.	O

All	O
CCU	O
isolates	O
are	O
only	O
98	O
%	O
identical	O
to	O
the	O
Dutch	O
isolates	O
at	O
the	O
nucleotide	B-CHED
level	O
,	O
but	O
more	O
closely	O
related	O
to	O
the	O
prototype	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
229E	I-SPEC
(>	O
98	O
%).	O

For	O
the	O
follow	O
-	O
up	O
study	O
,	O
the	O
rats	B-SPEC
exposed	O
for	O
3	O
days	O
were	O
scanned	O
using	O
CT	O
and	O
their	O
pathology	B-DISO
was	O
examined	O
at	O
7	O
,	O
14	O
,	O
and	O
28	O
days	O
.	O

The	O
pathological	O
findings	O
in	O
this	O
period	O
,	O
the	O
grades	O
of	O
vascular	B-ANAT
congestion	B-DISO
,	O
tracheobronchial	O
exfoliation	O
,	O
and	O
alveolar	B-DISO
rupture	I-DISO
were	O
significant	O
.	O

Interestingly	O
,	O
no	O
apparent	O
evidence	O
for	O
colocalization	O
of	O
angiotensin	B-PRGE
converting	I-PRGE
enzyme	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
with	O
lipid	B-COMP
rafts	I-COMP
in	O
the	O
membrane	B-COMP
of	O
Vero	O
E6	O
cells	B-COMP
was	O
obtained	O
.	O

The	O
clinical	O
presentation	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
in	O
patients	O
older	O
than	O
12	O
years	O
of	O
age	O
was	O
similar	O
to	O
that	O
in	O
adults	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Leptospirosis	B-DISO
is	O
a	O
globally	O
distributed	O
zoonosis	B-DISO
of	O
major	O
public	O
health	O
importance	O
and	O
is	O
associated	O
with	O
severe	O
disease	O
manifestations	O
such	O
as	O
acute	B-DISO
renal	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
and	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
haemorrhage	I-DISO
syndrome	B-DISO
.	O

Patients	O
with	O
severe	O
leptospirosis	B-DISO
had	O
significantly	O
higher	O
NO	O
levels	O
compared	O
to	O
healthy	O
individuals	O
(	O
30	O
.	O
82	O
+/-	O
10	O
.	O
90	O
microM	O
versus	O
3	O
.	O
86	O
+/-	O
1	O
.	O
34	O
microM	O
,	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
001	O
),	O
indicating	O
that	O
this	O
immune	O
mediator	O
plays	O
a	O
role	O
in	O
the	O
underlying	O
systemic	O
inflammatory	B-DISO
response	I-DISO
.	O

The	O
structural	O
data	O
further	O
suggest	O
that	O
the	O
binding	B-FUNC
of	O
APE	B-SPEC
to	O
M	O
(	O
pro	B-CHED
)	O
follows	O
an	O
induced	O
-	O
fit	B-DISO
model	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Infectious	B-DISO
canine	I-DISO
hepatitis	I-DISO
:	O
an	O
""""	O
old	O
""""	O
disease	O
reemerging	O
in	O
Italy	O
.	O

The	O
most	O
worrying	O
factors	O
were	O
the	O
severity	O
of	O
consciousness	B-DISO
disorders	I-DISO
,	O
the	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
,	O
the	O
metabolic	B-DISO
acidosis	I-DISO
,	O
and	O
the	O
refractory	B-DISO
shock	I-DISO
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Ten	O
patients	O
were	O
included	O
for	O
severe	O
imported	O
malaria	B-PATH
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Mass	O
casualty	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
This	O
prospective	O
large	O
-	O
animal	B-SPEC
study	O
was	O
performed	O
to	O
evaluate	O
the	O
contribution	O
of	O
arterio	B-ANAT
-	I-ANAT
venous	I-ANAT
extracorporeal	O
lung	B-ANAT
assist	O
(	O
AV	O
-	O
ECLA	O
)	O
to	O
pulmonary	B-PROC
gas	B-ENZY
exchange	I-PROC
in	O
a	O
porcine	B-SPEC
lavage	O
-	O
induced	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
model	O
.	O

After	O
a	O
stabilization	O
period	O
of	O
60	O
min	O
,	O
the	O
femoral	B-ANAT
artery	I-ANAT
and	O
vein	B-ANAT
were	O
cannulated	O
and	O
a	O
low	O
-	O
resistance	B-PROC
membrane	B-COMP
lung	B-ANAT
was	O
interposed	O
.	O

Under	O
apnoeic	B-DISO
oxygenation	B-PROC
,	O
variations	O
of	O
sweep	O
-	O
gas	B-ENZY
flow	O
were	O
performed	O
every	O
20	O
min	O
in	O
order	B-SPEC
to	O
evaluate	O
the	O
membrane	B-COMP
lung	B-ANAT
'	O
s	O
efficacy	O
,	O
in	O
terms	O
of	O
carbon	B-CHED
dioxide	I-CHED
(	O
CO2	B-CHED
)	O
removal	O
and	O
oxygen	B-CHED
(	O
O2	O
)	O
uptake	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Novel	O
beta	O
-	O
barrel	O
fold	O
in	O
the	O
nuclear	O
magnetic	O
resonance	O
structure	O
of	O
the	O
replicase	B-PRGE
nonstructural	O
protein	O
1	O
from	O
the	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
.	O

The	O
structure	O
is	O
analyzed	O
in	O
a	O
search	O
for	O
possible	O
correlations	O
with	O
the	O
recently	O
reported	O
activity	O
of	O
nsp1	O
in	O
the	O
degradation	O
of	O
mRNA	B-CHED
.	O

Our	O
results	O
indicating	O
that	O
the	O
IgM	B-PRGE
response	O
appears	O
earlier	O
than	O
IgG	B-PRGE
after	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
CoV	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
in	O
consistent	O
with	O
those	O
for	O
other	O
pathogens	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Delayed	O
presentation	O
of	O
amniotic	B-DISO
fluid	I-DISO
embolism	I-DISO
:	O
lessons	O
from	O
a	O
case	O
diagnosed	O
at	O
autopsy	O
.	O

Her	O
blood	B-PROC
pressure	I-PROC
was	O
elevated	O
(	O
systolic	O
150	O
-	O
180	O
mm	O
Hg	O
,	O
diastolic	O
90	O
-	O
110	O
mm	O
Hg	O
)	O
throughout	O
the	O
admission	O
.	O

It	O
was	O
more	O
intense	O
in	O
the	O
patients	O
with	O
MODS	B-DISO
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Oxygen	B-PROC
metabolism	I-PROC
abnormality	O
was	O
found	O
after	O
trauma	O
,	O
and	O
it	O
was	O
correlated	O
with	O
ISS	B-DISO
,	O
RTS	B-DISO
,	O
injured	O
organ	B-ANAT
or	O
region	O
and	O
number	O
of	O
injured	O
organs	B-ANAT
,	O
shock	O
,	O
systemic	B-DISO
inflammatory	I-DISO
response	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SIRS	B-DISO
)	O
and	O
respiratory	B-DISO
complications	I-DISO
.	O

Later	O
on	O
,	O
viral	O
nucleocapsids	O
have	O
to	O
be	O
transported	O
to	O
the	O
budding	B-PATH
sites	O
in	O
the	O
Golgi	B-COMP
region	O
where	O
the	O
viral	O
glycoproteins	B-CHED
accumulate	O
and	O
particle	O
formation	B-PROC
occurs	O
.	O

The	O
patients	O
were	O
then	O
followed	O
up	O
to	O
note	O
any	O
subsequent	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
complications	O
.	O

It	O
was	O
found	O
to	O
be	O
significant	O
at	O
5	O
%	O
level	O
of	O
significance	O
(	O
p	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
)	O
by	O
chi	B-CHED
square	O
test	O
.	O

The	O
optimum	O
diagnostic	O
procedure	O
is	O
examination	O
of	O
thick	O
and	O
thin	O
blood	B-ANAT
films	O
by	O
an	O
expert	O
to	O
detect	O
and	O
speciate	O
the	O
malarial	O
parasites	O
;	O
P	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
falciparum	I-SPEC
malaria	O
can	O
be	O
diagnosed	O
almost	O
as	O
accurately	O
using	O
rapid	O
diagnostic	O
tests	O
(	O
RDTs	O
)	O
which	O
detect	O
plasmodial	O
antigens	B-CHED
or	O
enzymes	O
,	O
although	O
RDTs	O
for	O
other	O
Plasmodium	B-SPEC
species	B-SPEC
are	O
not	O
as	O
reliable	O
.	O

This	O
must	O
be	O
avoided	O
or	O
given	O
with	O
caution	O
under	O
expert	O
supervision	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
glucose	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
6	I-DISO
-	I-DISO
phosphate	B-CHED
dehydrogenase	I-DISO
deficiency	I-DISO
(	O
G6PD	B-PRGE
),	O
in	O
whom	O
it	O
may	O
cause	O
severe	O
haemolysis	B-DISO
.	O

An	O
acute	O
attack	O
of	O
malaria	B-PATH
does	O
not	O
confer	O
protection	O
from	O
future	O
attacks	O
:	O
individuals	O
who	O
have	O
had	O
malaria	B-PATH
should	O
take	O
effective	O
anti	O
-	O
mosquito	B-SPEC
precautions	O
and	O
chemoprophylaxis	O
during	O
future	O
visits	O
to	O
endemic	O
areas	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Serological	O
and	O
molecular	O
evidence	O
that	O
canine	O
respiratory	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
is	O
circulating	O
in	O
Italy	O
.	O

Positive	O
results	O
were	O
obtained	O
from	O
the	O
lungs	B-ANAT
of	O
a	O
dog	B-SPEC
of	O
the	O
Apulia	O
region	O
that	O
was	O
co	O
-	O
infected	O
with	O
canine	O
parvovirus	B-DISO
type	O
2	O
.	O

In	O
multivariable	O
analysis	O
exposures	O
for	O
at	O
least	O
30	O
min	O
at	O
a	O
distance	O
of	O
<	O
or	O
=	O
1	O
m	O
increased	O
the	O
likelihood	O
of	O
becoming	O
a	O
SARS	B-DISO
case	O
20	O
.	O
4	O
-	O
fold	O
(	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
11	O
.	O
8	O
-	O
35	O
.	O
1	O
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
A	O
mouse	B-SPEC
-	O
adapted	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
causes	O
disease	O
and	O
mortality	O
in	O
BALB	O
/	O
c	O
mice	B-SPEC
.	O

Older	O
(	O
12	O
-	O
to	O
14	O
-	O
mo	O
-	O
old	O
)	O
BALB	O
/	O
c	O
mice	B-SPEC
develop	O
clinical	O
illness	O
and	O
pneumonitis	B-DISO
,	O
but	O
they	O
can	O
be	O
hard	O
to	O
procure	O
,	O
and	O
immune	O
senescence	O
complicates	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
studies	O
.	O

These	O
observations	O
suggest	O
that	O
mice	B-SPEC
infected	O
with	O
MA15	O
die	O
from	O
an	O
overwhelming	O
viral	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
with	O
extensive	O
,	O
virally	O
mediated	O
destruction	O
of	O
pneumocytes	B-ANAT
and	O
ciliated	O
epithelial	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
.	O

This	O
virus	B-SPEC
will	O
be	O
of	O
value	O
as	O
a	O
stringent	O
challenge	O
in	O
evaluation	O
of	O
the	O
efficacy	O
of	O
vaccines	O
and	O
antivirals	B-CHED
.	O

HKU1	O
-	O
specific	O
MAb	O
may	O
contribute	O
to	O
the	O
rapid	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
HKU1	O
infections	B-DISO
currently	O
performed	O
by	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Overall	O
,	O
48	O
/	O
426	O
(	O
11	O
.	O
3	O
%)	O
patients	O
were	O
found	O
to	O
be	O
infected	O
by	O
hCoV	O
acute	O
respiratory	B-DISO
tract	I-DISO
infections	I-DISO
(	O
ARTI	O
).	O

The	O
nsps	O
assemble	O
with	O
membranes	B-ANAT
to	O
generate	O
double	O
membrane	B-COMP
vesicles	B-COMP
,	O
which	O
are	O
the	O
sites	O
of	O
viral	O
RNA	B-PROC
synthesis	I-PROC
.	O

MHV	B-SPEC
nsp3	B-PRGE
contains	O
multiple	O
domains	O
including	O
two	O
papain	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
like	I-PRGE
protease	I-PRGE
domains	I-PRGE
,	O
PLP1	B-PRGE
and	O
PLP2	B-PRGE
,	O
and	O
a	O
predicted	O
transmembrane	B-COMP
(	O
TM	O
)	O
domain	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
CSF	B-ANAT
IgG	B-PRGE
(	O
range	O
of	O
titers	O
,	O
1	O
:	O
32	O
to	O
1	O
:	O
4	O
,	O
096	O
)	O
was	O
detected	O
in	O
12	O
cats	B-SPEC
,	O
including	O
6	O
cats	B-SPEC
with	O
neurologic	O
manifestation	O
of	O
FIP	B-DISO
,	O
4	O
cats	B-SPEC
with	O
FIP	B-DISO
not	O
involving	O
the	O
CNS	B-CHED
,	O
and	O
2	O
cats	B-SPEC
with	O
brain	B-DISO
tumors	I-DISO
.	O

Surprisingly	O
,	O
IgA	B-PRGE
plasma	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
infiltrate	B-DISO
inflamed	O
tissues	B-ANAT
in	O
acute	O
Kawasaki	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
,	O
including	O
the	O
coronary	B-ANAT
artery	I-ANAT
,	O
and	O
are	O
oligoclonal	O
,	O
or	O
antigen	B-CHED
-	O
driven	O
.	O

Our	O
objectives	O
are	O
to	O
quickly	O
interpret	O
symptoms	O
of	O
emergency	B-DISO
patients	O
to	O
identify	O
likely	O
syndromes	B-DISO
and	O
to	O
improve	O
population	O
-	O
wide	O
disease	O
outbreak	O
detection	O
.	O

Combining	O
these	O
conditional	O
probabilities	O
with	O
misdiagnosis	O
error	O
rates	O
and	O
incidence	O
rates	O
via	O
Bayes	O
theorem	O
,	O
the	O
probability	O
of	O
each	O
syndrome	B-DISO
is	O
estimated	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
We	O
examined	O
long	O
-	O
term	O
outcome	O
of	O
pulmonary	B-PROC
function	I-PROC
,	O
exercise	O
capacity	O
and	O
health	O
-	O
related	O
quality	O
of	O
life	O
(	O
HRQoL	O
)	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
caused	O
by	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
).	O

Except	O
for	O
diffusion	B-PRGE
capacity	I-PRGE
adjusted	I-PRGE
for	I-PRGE
haemoglobin	I-PRGE
concentration	I-PRGE
(	O
DLCO	O
)	O
measured	O
at	O
12	O
months	O
,	O
there	O
was	O
no	O
significant	O
difference	O
in	O
pulmonary	B-PROC
function	I-PROC
measurement	O
between	O
those	O
who	O
had	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
and	O
those	O
who	O
did	O
not	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
causative	O
agent	O
of	O
Severe	B-DISO
Acute	I-DISO
Respiratory	I-DISO
Syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
was	O
identified	O
as	O
a	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
CoV	O
)	O
following	O
the	O
outbreak	O
of	O
2002	O
-	O
2003	O
.	O

It	O
was	O
recently	O
demonstrated	O
that	O
the	O
protein	B-CHED
forms	O
ion	B-FUNC
channels	I-FUNC
.	O

We	O
investigated	O
the	O
importance	O
of	O
the	O
hydrophobic	O
domain	O
of	O
the	O
mouse	B-DISO
hepatitis	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MHV	B-SPEC
)	O
A59	O
E	O
protein	B-CHED
.	O

Alanine	B-CHED
scanning	O
insertion	O
mutagenesis	B-PROC
was	O
used	O
to	O
examine	O
the	O
effect	O
of	O
disruption	O
of	O
the	O
domain	O
on	O
virus	B-SPEC
production	O
in	O
the	O
context	O
of	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
genome	O
by	O
using	O
a	O
MHV	B-SPEC
A59	O
infectious	B-DISO
clone	O
.	O

We	O
characterized	O
the	O
structures	O
of	O
N	O
-	O
NTD	O
from	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
in	O
two	O
crystal	B-ANAT
forms	O
,	O
at	O
1	O
.	O
17	O
A	O
(	O
monoclinic	O
)	O
and	O
at	O
1	O
.	O
85	O
A	O
(	O
cubic	O
),	O
respectively	O
,	O
resolved	O
by	O
molecular	O
replacement	O
using	O
the	O
homologous	O
avian	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
bronchitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
IBV	B-SPEC
)	O
structure	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
A	O
nonfluorescent	O
low	O
-	O
cost	O
,	O
low	O
-	O
density	O
oligonucleotide	B-CHED
array	O
was	O
designed	O
for	O
detecting	O
the	O
whole	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
genus	B-SPEC
after	O
reverse	B-PROC
transcription	I-PROC
(	O
RT	O
)-	O
PCR	O
.	O

These	O
assays	O
will	O
be	O
useful	O
not	O
only	O
for	O
routine	O
SARS	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
diagnostics	O
but	O
also	O
for	O
epidemiological	O
and	O
antibody	B-COMP
kinetic	O
studies	O
.	O

Ninety	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
care	O
task	O
force	O
members	O
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
HCWs	O
)	O
and	O
82	O
control	O
subjects	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Development	B-PROC
of	O
an	O
empirical	O
model	O
to	O
aid	O
in	O
designing	O
airborne	O
infection	B-DISO
isolation	O
rooms	O
.	O

The	O
cleavage	B-PROC
efficiency	O
of	O
SPP	B-ENZY
is	O
inversely	O
proportional	O
to	O
the	O
length	O
of	O
C	O
-	O
terminal	O
extension	O
of	O
the	O
signal	O
peptide	B-CHED
:	O
the	O
longer	O
the	O
extension	O
,	O
the	O
less	O
efficiency	O
the	O
cleavage	B-PROC
is	O
.	O

Thus	O
,	O
our	O
results	O
suggest	O
that	O
both	O
sequences	O
of	O
the	O
signal	O
peptide	B-CHED
and	O
the	O
E	O
.	O
R	O
.-	O
associated	O
domain	O
are	O
important	O
for	O
the	O
signal	O
peptide	B-CHED
cleavage	B-PROC
of	O
HCV	B-PRGE
core	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
by	O
SPP	B-PRGE
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
SARS	B-DISO
,	O
Avian	B-DISO
Flu	I-DISO
and	O
other	O
infectious	B-DISO
and	O
potentially	O
highly	O
transmissible	O
diseases	O
are	O
threats	O
to	O
the	O
entire	O
healthcare	O
workforce	O
.	O

19	O
%	O
was	O
calculated	O
for	O
B	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
subtilis	I-SPEC
.	O

We	O
illustrate	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
DNA	O
skews	O
for	O
characterization	O
of	O
poxvirus	O
and	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
genomes	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Human	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
229E	I-SPEC
papain	B-ENZY
-	I-PRGE
like	I-PRGE
proteases	I-PRGE
have	O
overlapping	O
specificities	O
but	O
distinct	O
functions	O
in	O
viral	O
replication	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
New	O
respiratory	O
viruses	O
associated	O
with	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
have	O
in	O
the	O
past	O
few	O
years	O
been	O
detected	O
in	O
humans	B-SPEC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Canine	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
CCoV	O
)	O
is	O
widespread	O
in	O
dogs	O
in	O
several	O
countries	O
and	O
causes	O
mild	O
enteric	O
illness	O
evolving	O
to	O
severe	O
enteritis	B-DISO
in	O
young	O
pups	O
.	O

Starting	O
from	O
24h	O
after	O
CCoV	O
infection	B-DISO
,	O
cells	B-COMP
morphology	O
appeared	O
dramatically	O
changed	O
,	O
with	O
cells	B-COMP
rounding	O
and	O
detachment	B-DISO
from	O
culture	O
surface	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Using	O
models	O
to	O
identify	O
routes	O
of	O
nosocomial	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
:	O
a	O
large	O
hospital	O
outbreak	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
in	O
Hong	O
Kong	O
.	O

Previous	O
studies	O
have	O
described	O
the	O
general	O
pathology	B-DISO
in	O
the	O
lungs	B-ANAT
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
and	O
have	O
identified	O
some	O
of	O
the	O
cell	B-COMP
types	O
infected	O
by	O
SARS	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
).	O

In	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
we	O
have	O
performed	O
double	O
labeling	O
combining	O
in	O
situ	O
hybridization	B-PROC
with	O
immunohistochemistry	O
and	O
alternating	O
each	O
of	O
these	O
techniques	O
separately	O
in	O
consecutive	O
sections	O
to	O
evaluate	O
the	O
viral	O
distribution	O
on	O
various	O
cell	B-COMP
types	O
in	O
the	O
lungs	B-ANAT
of	O
seven	O
patients	O
affected	O
with	O
SARS	B-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Human	O
metapneumovirus	O
was	O
identified	O
in	O
2001	O
as	O
a	O
respiratory	O
-	O
tract	O
pathogen	O
that	O
has	O
been	O
classified	O
as	O
a	O
new	O
genera	O
in	O
family	B-SPEC
Paramyxoviridae	I-SPEC
.	O

Human	B-SPEC
metapneumovirus	I-SPEC
was	O
identified	O
in	O
nasopharyngeal	B-ANAT
aspirate	I-ANAT
amplification	B-DISO
of	O
the	O
viral	O
fusion	O
and	O
nucleocapsid	B-COMP
genes	O
by	O
reverse	B-PROC
transcription	I-PROC
-	O
polymerase	O
chain	O
reaction	O
followed	O
by	O
sequencing	O
and	O
phylogenetic	O
analysis	O
.	O

The	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
epidemic	O
in	O
2003	O
and	O
current	O
concerns	O
about	O
the	O
risk	O
of	O
an	O
avian	B-DISO
influenza	I-DISO
(	O
H5N1	B-DISO
)	O
pandemic	O
,	O
have	O
made	O
a	O
review	O
of	O
this	O
area	O
timely	O
.	O

The	O
panel	O
systematically	O
assessed	O
40	O
original	O
studies	O
through	O
both	O
individual	O
assessment	O
and	O
a	O
2	O
-	O
day	O
face	O
-	O
to	O
-	O
face	B-DISO
consensus	O
meeting	O
.	O

There	O
is	O
insufficient	O
data	O
to	O
specify	O
and	O
quantify	O
the	O
minimum	O
ventilation	O
requirements	O
in	O
hospitals	O
,	O
schools	O
,	O
offices	O
,	O
homes	O
and	O
isolation	O
rooms	O
in	O
relation	O
to	O
spread	O
of	O
infectious	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
via	O
the	O
airborne	O
route	O
.	O

Isolation	O
of	O
Pasteurella	B-SPEC
multocida	I-SPEC
was	O
associated	O
with	O
increased	O
concentrations	O
of	O
all	O
tested	O
acute	O
phase	O
proteins	B-CHED
.	O

However	O
,	O
the	O
antigens	B-CHED
used	O
in	O
these	O
assays	O
differed	O
.	O

In	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
we	O
have	O
expressed	B-PROC
and	O
purified	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
structural	O
proteins	B-CHED
and	O
their	O
fragments	O
and	O
developed	O
indirect	O
enzyme	O
-	O
linked	O
immunosorbent	O
assays	O
(	O
ELISAs	O
)	O
that	O
detect	O
antibodies	B-COMP
against	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
N	O
,	O
N	O
(	O
1	O
),	O
N	O
(	O
2	O
),	O
S	O
(	O
1	O
),	O
S	O
(	O
C	O
),	O
S	O
(	O
2	O
),	O
and	O
M	O
proteins	B-CHED
as	O
well	O
as	O
the	O
human	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
OC43	O
and	O
229E	O
N	O
proteins	B-CHED
.	O

These	O
assays	O
were	O
used	O
to	O
screen	O
58	O
samples	O
from	O
SARS	B-DISO
convalescent	O
patients	O
,	O
40	O
serial	O
serum	B-COMP
specimens	O
from	O
patients	O
at	O
different	O
phases	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
infection	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
88	O
plasma	B-ANAT
specimens	O
from	O
normal	O
blood	B-ANAT
donors	O
.	O

Using	O
sensitive	O
polymerase	O
chain	O
reactions	O
,	O
we	O
studied	O
the	O
spectrum	O
of	O
atypical	O
bacteria	B-SPEC
and	O
respiratory	O
viruses	B-SPEC
in	O
travelers	O
fulfilling	O
the	O
case	O
definition	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

Influenza	B-DISO
and	O
parainfluenza	B-DISO
viruses	B-SPEC
were	O
most	O
prevalent	O
,	O
at	O
14	O
.	O
2	O
%	O
and	O
15	O
.	O
5	O
%,	O
respectively	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Globalization	O
and	O
infectious	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
].	O

Most	O
commercial	O
mAbs	O
studied	O
as	O
antiviral	B-CHED
agents	I-CHED
in	O
the	O
clinic	O
have	O
either	O
directly	O
or	O
indirectly	O
targeted	B-PROC
human	B-DISO
immunodeficiency	I-DISO
virus	I-DISO
,	O
respiratory	B-SPEC
syncytial	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
,	O
or	O
hepatitis	B-SPEC
C	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
infections	B-DISO
.	O

Challenges	O
remaining	O
for	O
the	O
application	O
of	O
siRNA	O
in	O
vivo	O
for	O
SARS	B-DISO
prevention	O
and	O
treatment	O
include	O
the	O
specificity	O
of	O
the	O
siRNAs	O
and	O
the	O
efficiency	O
of	O
delivery	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Selective	O
adaptation	B-PROC
and	O
human	B-SPEC
rights	O
to	O
health	O
in	O
China	O
.	O

This	O
chip	O
does	O
not	O
require	O
DNA	O
labeling	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
hybridization	B-PROC
signal	O
can	O
be	O
detected	O
as	O
an	O
anodic	O
current	O
.	O

We	O
also	O
demonstrated	O
that	O
another	O
unusual	O
pathway	B-PROC
,	O
the	O
calcium	B-CHED
-	O
independent	O
PI3K	B-PRGE
/	I-PRGE
PKC	B-DISO
epsilon	I-PRGE
/	O
JNK	B-FUNC
/	O
CREB	B-PRGE
pathway	B-PROC
,	O
functioned	O
in	O
cooperation	O
with	O
the	O
calcium	B-CHED
-	O
dependent	O
pathway	O
to	O
induce	O
COX	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
expression	B-PROC
upon	O
stimulation	O
by	O
spike	O
protein	B-CHED
.	O

These	O
results	O
indicate	O
that	O
diverse	O
coronaviruses	O
are	O
endemic	O
in	O
different	O
bat	B-ENZY
species	B-SPEC
,	O
with	O
repeated	O
introductions	O
to	O
other	O
animals	B-SPEC
and	O
occasional	O
establishment	O
in	O
other	O
species	B-SPEC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Development	B-PROC
of	O
vaccine	O
adjuvants	B-CHED
using	O
polymeric	O
nanoparticles	B-CHED
and	O
their	O
potential	O
applications	O
for	O
anti	O
-	O
HIV	O
vaccine	O
].	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
a	O
prophylactic	O
/	O
therapeutic	O
HIV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
1	I-SPEC
vaccine	O
based	O
on	O
recombinant	O
proteins	B-CHED
is	O
needed	O
for	O
the	O
control	O
of	O
the	O
worldwide	O
AIDS	O
epidemic	O
.	O

Core	O
-	O
corona	B-CHED
type	O
polymeric	O
nanospheres	O
have	O
applications	O
in	O
various	O
technological	O
and	O
biomedical	O
fields	O
,	O
because	O
their	O
chemical	O
structures	O
and	O
particle	O
size	O
can	O
be	O
easily	O
controlled	O
.	O

In	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
we	O
focused	O
on	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
a	O
HIV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
1	I-SPEC
vaccine	O
using	O
polymeric	O
nanoparticles	B-CHED
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Clinical	O
study	O
on	O
using	O
thermal	O
texture	O
maps	O
in	O
SARS	B-DISO
diagnosis	O
.	O

We	O
conclude	O
that	O
TTM	B-DISO
is	O
able	O
to	O
depict	O
the	O
position	O
,	O
morphology	O
,	O
and	O
progress	O
of	O
lesions	O
with	O
the	O
same	O
degree	O
of	O
success	O
as	O
CT	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
The	O
Impact	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
on	O
Childbirth	B-PROC
Education	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Molecular	O
analysis	O
of	O
Brazilian	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
field	O
isolates	O
by	O
reverse	B-PROC
transcription	B-PROC
-	O
polymerase	O
chain	O
reaction	O
,	O
restriction	O
fragment	O
length	O
polymorphism	B-PROC
,	O
and	O
partial	O
sequencing	O
of	O
the	O
N	B-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
.	O

N	B-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
RFLP	O
profiles	O
,	O
cDNA	O
sequences	O
,	O
and	O
predicted	O
amino	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
composition	O
were	O
used	O
for	O
the	O
construction	O
of	O
dendrograms	O
.	O

Roosters	O
were	O
vaccinated	O
at	O
2	O
,	O
6	O
,	O
10	O
,	O
and	O
14	O
wk	O
of	O
age	O
and	O
the	O
epididymal	B-ANAT
region	O
was	O
observed	O
at	O
27	O
wk	O
of	O
age	O
.	O

Histologically	O
,	O
immune	O
cells	B-COMP
were	O
seen	O
in	O
the	O
interstitium	B-ANAT
of	O
efferent	B-ANAT
ductules	I-ANAT
containing	O
stones	O
.	O

We	O
conclude	O
that	O
use	O
of	O
a	O
killed	O
vaccine	O
does	O
not	O
reduce	O
the	O
incidence	O
of	O
epididymal	B-ANAT
stones	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Anticipated	O
psychological	B-DISO
responses	O
and	O
perceptions	O
of	O
risk	O
have	O
not	O
been	O
examined	O
prior	O
to	O
the	O
outbreak	O
of	O
an	O
epidemic	O
.	O

Dissemination	O
of	O
accurate	O
,	O
timely	O
information	O
would	O
reduce	O
unnecessary	O
distress	O
and	O
unwanted	O
behaviors	B-PROC
.	O

Most	O
anticipated	O
at	O
least	O
1	O
of	O
the	O
7	O
studied	O
stress	O
-	O
related	O
responses	O
(	O
e	O
.	O
g	O
.,	O
panic	O
)	O
or	O
the	O
adoption	O
of	O
at	O
least	O
1	O
of	O
the	O
5	O
studied	O
preventive	O
behavioral	B-PROC
measures	O
(	O
e	O
.	O
g	O
.,	O
avoiding	O
going	O
out	O
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Long	O
pentraxin	O
3	O
in	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
and	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
.	O

The	O
aim	O
of	O
this	O
study	O
was	O
to	O
investigate	O
causative	O
viruses	B-SPEC
in	O
patients	O
with	O
PVOD	B-DISO
.	O

Rhinoviruses	B-SPEC
were	O
also	O
confirmed	O
in	O
four	O
patients	O
by	O
nucleotide	B-CHED
sequences	O
.	O

Olfactory	B-PROC
testing	O
did	O
not	O
show	O
significant	O
improvement	O
at	O
4	O
,	O
8	O
,	O
11	O
,	O
and	O
24	O
weeks	O
after	O
the	O
first	O
visit	O
in	O
the	O
four	O
patients	O
,	O
although	O
results	O
of	O
acoustic	O
rhinometry	O
significantly	O
improved	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
role	O
that	O
bats	B-SPEC
have	O
played	O
in	O
the	O
emergence	O
of	O
several	O
new	O
infectious	O
diseases	O
has	O
been	O
under	O
review	O
.	O

Bats	B-SPEC
have	O
been	O
identified	O
as	O
the	O
reservoir	O
hosts	B-COMP
of	O
newly	O
emergent	O
viruses	B-SPEC
such	O
as	O
Nipah	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
,	O
Hendra	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
,	O
and	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
-	O
like	O
coronaviruses	O
.	O

This	O
article	O
expands	O
on	O
recent	O
findings	O
about	O
bats	B-SPEC
and	O
viruses	B-SPEC
and	O
their	O
relevance	O
to	O
human	B-SPEC
infections	B-DISO
.	O

Finally	O
,	O
we	O
attempt	O
to	O
predict	O
where	O
,	O
when	O
,	O
and	O
why	O
we	O
may	O
see	O
the	O
emergence	O
of	O
new	O
chiropteran	O
viruses	B-SPEC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
assess	O
the	O
therapeutic	O
effect	O
of	O
Caspase	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
inhibitors	B-CHED
(	O
ICE	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
I	I-PRGE
)	O
on	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
(	O
ALI	O
)	O
in	O
experimental	O
severe	O
acute	B-DISO
pancreatitis	I-DISO
(	O
SAP	O
).	O

The	O
wet	O
/	O
dry	O
weight	O
ratios	O
and	O
histopathological	O
changes	O
of	O
the	O
lungs	B-ANAT
were	O
also	O
evaluated	O
.	O

Intrapulmonary	O
expression	B-PROC
of	O
Caspase	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
,	O
IL	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
1beta	I-PRGE
and	O
IL	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
18	I-PRGE
mRNA	B-CHED
were	O
observed	O
in	O
the	O
HC	O
group	O
,	O
while	O
they	O
were	O
increased	O
significantly	O
in	O
the	O
SAP	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
S	I-PRGE
group	O
(	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
01	O
,	O
vs	O
HC	O
).	O

The	O
expression	B-PROC
of	O
IL	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
1beta	I-PRGE
and	O
IL	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
18	I-PRGE
mRNA	B-CHED
were	O
decreased	O
significantly	O
in	O
the	O
SAP	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
ICE	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
I	I-PRGE
group	O
(	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
01	O
,	O
vs	O
SAP	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
S	I-PRGE
),	O
whereas	O
Caspase	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
mRNA	B-PROC
expression	B-PROC
had	O
no	O
significant	O
difference	O
(	O
P	O
>	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
).	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Serum	B-PRGE
IL	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
1beta	I-PRGE
levels	O
in	O
SAP	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
S	I-PRGE
group	I-PRGE
were	O
276	O
.	O
77	O
+/-	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Avian	B-DISO
influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
(	O
H5N1	B-DISO
)	O
and	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
are	O
infections	B-DISO
that	O
cause	O
a	O
severe	O
viral	B-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
leading	O
to	O
acute	O
respiratory	B-DISO
dysfunction	I-DISO
syndrome	B-DISO
and	O
carry	O
a	O
high	O
case	O
-	O
fatality	O
rate	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Enhancing	O
the	O
precision	O
of	O
infrared	O
thermodetector	O
for	O
medicine	B-CHED
by	O
two	O
-	O
channel	O
measuring	O
technique	O
and	O
mulriple	O
linear	O
interpolation	O
algorithm	O
.	O

Association	O
rule	O
mining	O
was	O
applied	O
first	O
but	O
results	O
showed	O
there	O
was	O
no	O
significant	O
difference	O
between	O
the	O
locations	O
of	O
the	O
lesions	O
or	O
infiltrate	B-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Emerging	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
outbreaks	O
and	O
bioterrorism	O
attacks	O
warrant	O
urgent	O
public	O
health	O
and	O
medical	O
responses	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Early	O
cytokine	O
mRNA	B-PROC
expression	B-PROC
profiles	O
predict	O
Morbillivirus	B-SPEC
disease	O
outcome	O
in	O
ferrets	B-SPEC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Severe	O
immunosuppression	O
is	O
a	O
hallmark	O
of	O
Morbillivirus	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
.	O

These	O
mice	B-SPEC
can	O
be	O
used	O
to	O
analyze	O
the	O
human	B-SPEC
immune	B-PROC
response	I-PROC
in	O
vivo	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Isolation	O
and	O
identification	O
of	O
four	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
strains	O
in	O
China	O
and	O
analyses	O
of	O
their	O
S1	O
glycoprotein	O
gene	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Between	O
2003	O
and	O
2005	O
,	O
four	O
strains	O
of	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
IBV	B-SPEC
)	O
were	O
isolated	O
from	O
the	O
vaccinated	O
chicken	B-SPEC
flocks	O
in	O
China	O
.	O

The	O
identity	O
of	O
the	O
S1	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
gene	O
between	O
the	O
four	O
Chinese	O
IBV	B-SPEC
isolates	O
and	O
14	O
strains	O
of	O
other	O
IBVs	O
varied	O
from	O
70	O
.	O
06	O
to	O
81	O
.	O
59	O
%.	O

Increased	O
levels	O
of	O
measured	O
molecules	O
(	O
TGF	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
beta1	I-PRGE
,	O
p	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
02	O
,	O
sE	O
-	O
Selectin	B-PROC
,	O
p	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
02	O
,	O
sL	O
-	O
Selectin	B-PROC
,	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
06	O
,	O
sICAM	O
-	O
1	O
,	O
p	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
03	O
)	O
were	O
demonstrated	O
among	O
survivors	O
in	O
the	O
sepsis	B-DISO
and	O
ARDS	B-DISO
groups	O
of	O
patients	O
and	O
were	O
positively	O
correlated	O
with	O
length	O
of	O
stay	O
(	O
p	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
04	O
)	O
and	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
(	O
p	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
001	O
).	O

Severely	O
obese	B-DISO
patients	O
were	O
more	O
likely	O
to	O
be	O
discharged	O
to	O
a	O
rehabilitation	O
or	O
skilled	O
nursing	B-PROC
facility	O
than	O
to	O
home	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
(	O
ALI	O
)	O
and	O
its	O
presentation	O
with	O
more	O
severe	O
hypoxemia	O
,	O
the	O
ARDS	O
,	O
is	O
a	O
challenging	O
entity	O
for	O
clinical	O
investigation	O
because	O
,	O
like	O
many	O
critical	B-DISO
illness	I-DISO
syndromes	B-DISO
,	O
it	O
lacks	O
an	O
accepted	O
diagnostic	O
test	O
and	O
relies	O
on	O
a	O
constellation	O
of	O
clinical	B-DISO
findings	I-DISO
for	O
diagnosis	O
.	O

If	O
new	O
mutants	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
do	O
initiate	O
another	O
epidemic	O
,	O
administration	O
of	O
prophylactic	O
antibodies	B-COMP
to	O
risk	O
groups	O
may	O
supplement	O
the	O
stringent	O
isolation	O
procedures	O
that	O
contained	O
the	O
first	O
SARS	B-DISO
outbreak	O
.	O

Assuming	O
a	O
basic	O
reproduction	B-PROC
number	O
R	O
(	O
0	O
)=	O
3	O
,	O
admission	O
of	O
patients	O
to	O
hospital	O
within	O
4	O
.	O
3	O
days	O
of	O
symptom	B-DISO
onset	O
is	O
necessary	O
to	O
achieve	O
outbreak	O
control	O
without	O
the	O
need	O
to	O
further	O
reduce	O
community	O
-	O
based	O
transmission	O
.	O

Hyperoncotic	O
albumin	B-PRGE
given	O
alone	O
or	O
with	O
furosemide	B-CHED
produced	O
only	O
transient	O
improvement	O
in	O
oxygenation	O
and	O
haemodynamics	O
,	O
which	O
was	O
statistically	O
significant	O
only	O
in	O
the	O
patients	O
given	O
albumin	B-PRGE
alone	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Perioperative	O
respiratory	B-DISO
complications	I-DISO
in	O
pediatric	O
patients	O
with	O
mediastinal	B-ANAT
masses	O
:	O
a	O
report	O
of	O
2	O
cases	O
].	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Severe	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
is	O
an	O
important	O
emerging	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
which	O
caused	O
by	O
SARS	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
),	O
and	O
the	O
study	O
of	O
its	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
is	O
needed	O
for	O
the	O
treatment	O
and	O
prevention	O
of	O
this	O
disease	O
.	O

Construction	O
of	O
the	O
genomic	O
full	O
-	O
length	O
cDNA	O
of	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
BJ01	I-PRGE
stain	O
successfully	O
and	O
study	O
of	O
the	O
biological	O
characteristics	O
of	O
the	O
rescued	O
virus	B-SPEC
will	O
provide	O
a	O
useful	O
tool	O
serving	O
for	O
the	O
discovery	O
of	O
molecular	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
and	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
candidate	O
vaccines	O
against	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
.	O

Antiviral	B-CHED
activity	O
was	O
analysed	O
by	O
determining	O
infective	O
virus	B-SPEC
titres	O
by	O
TCID50	O
,	O
viral	O
RNA	B-PROC
synthesis	I-PROC
by	O
Northern	O
blot	O
analysis	O
and	O
real	O
-	O
time	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
,	O
and	O
viral	O
protein	O
synthesis	O
by	O
SDS	B-DISO
-	O
PAGE	O
analysis	O
after	O
35S	O
-	O
methionine	B-CHED
-	O
labelling	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
The	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
Coronavirus	B-SPEC
Membrane	B-COMP
protein	B-CHED
induces	O
apoptosis	B-PATH
through	O
modulating	O
the	O
Akt	B-PRGE
survival	O
pathway	B-PROC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
understand	O
the	O
association	O
between	O
the	O
outbreak	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
and	O
meteorological	O
factors	O
and	O
air	B-CHED
pollution	O
.	O

Of	O
the	O
6727	O
close	O
contacts	O
,	O
135	O
(	O
2	O
.	O
0	O
%)	O
later	O
developed	O
clinical	O
symptoms	O
and	O
were	O
diagnosed	O
as	O
probable	O
SARS	B-DISO
cases	O
.	O

In	O
univariate	O
analyses	O
,	O
daily	O
average	O
temperature	O
(	O
DAT	O
),	O
daily	O
average	O
air	B-CHED
pressure	O
(	O
DAAP	O
),	O
and	O
daily	O
average	O
relative	O
humidity	O
(	O
DARH	O
)	O
were	O
inversely	O
associated	O
with	O
secondary	O
attack	O
rate	O
(	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
001	O
);	O
a	O
significant	O
positive	O
association	O
was	O
found	O
for	O
daily	O
hours	O
of	O
sunshine	O
(	O
DHS	B-DISO
)	O
(	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
001	O
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Detection	O
and	O
typing	O
by	O
molecular	O
techniques	O
of	O
respiratory	O
viruses	B-SPEC
in	O
children	O
hospitalized	O
for	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
infection	O
in	O
Rome	O
,	O
Italy	O
.	O

Two	O
hundred	O
twenty	O
-	O
seven	O
children	O
were	O
enrolled	O
in	O
the	O
study	O
with	O
a	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
asthma	B-PATH
,	O
bronchiolitis	B-DISO
,	O
bronchopneumonia	B-DISO
,	O
or	O
laringo	O
-	O
tracheo	O
bronchitis	B-DISO
.	O

All	O
of	O
them	O
were	O
Plasmodium	B-SPEC
falciparum	I-SPEC
infections	B-DISO
or	O
mixed	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
:	O
P	O
.	O
f	O
.	O
and	O
another	O
species	B-SPEC
of	O
the	O
parasite	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
A	O
follow	O
up	O
study	O
of	O
total	O
IgM	B-PRGE
,	O
IgG	B-PRGE
,	O
nucleoprotein	O
and	O
spike	O
protein	B-CHED
antibodies	B-COMP
against	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
in	O
patients	O
with	O
SARS	B-DISO
].	O

146	O
cases	O
,	O
all	O
clinically	O
diagnosed	O
as	O
SARS	B-DISO
with	O
positive	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
IgG	I-PRGE
,	O
were	O
followed	O
up	O
.	O

Then	O
,	O
the	O
positive	O
rate	O
of	O
IgM	B-PRGE
went	O
down	O
gradually	O
to	O
8	O
.	O
2	O
%	O
(	O
6	O
/	O
73	O
)	O
until	O
550	O
days	O
after	O
the	O
onset	O
.	O

When	O
N	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
IgG	I-PRGE
and	O
S	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
IgG	I-PRGE
were	O
tested	O
40	O
days	O
after	O
the	O
onset	O
of	O
the	O
disease	O
at	O
three	O
different	O
times	O
,	O
the	O
positive	O
rate	O
of	O
N	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
IgG	I-PRGE
(	O
92	O
.	O
5	O
%,	O
37	O
/	O
40	O
)	O
was	O
higher	O
than	O
that	O
of	O
S	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
IgG	I-PRGE
(	O
67	O
.	O
5	O
%,	O
27	O
/	O
40	O
),	O
but	O
the	O
two	O
structure	O
protein	B-CHED
antibodies	B-COMP
were	O
always	O
lower	O
than	O
the	O
total	O
IgG	B-PRGE
.	O
In	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
with	O
definite	O
clinical	O
and	O
etiological	O
diagnosis	O
,	O
the	O
highest	O
positive	O
rate	O
of	O
the	O
antibodies	B-COMP
against	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
was	O
found	O
at	O
21	O
-	O
40	O
days	O
after	O
the	O
onset	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
outbreak	O
of	O
2002	O
and	O
2003	O
occurred	O
as	O
a	O
result	O
of	O
zoonotic	O
transmission	O
.	O

Convalescence	O
-	O
phase	O
sera	B-COMP
from	O
humans	B-SPEC
were	O
similarly	O
ineffective	O
against	O
the	O
dominant	O
civet	B-SPEC
pseudovirus	O
.	O

Samples	O
were	O
tested	O
for	O
antibodies	B-COMP
to	O
feline	B-SPEC
immunodeficiency	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
,	O
Dirofilaria	B-SPEC
immitis	I-SPEC
,	O
feline	B-SPEC
panleukopenia	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
,	O
feline	B-SPEC
herpesvirus	I-SPEC
,	O
feline	B-SPEC
coronavirus	B-SPEC
,	O
canine	B-SPEC
distemper	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
,	O
and	O
Toxoplasma	B-SPEC
gondii	I-SPEC
and	O
for	O
feline	B-SPEC
leukemia	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
FeLV	O
)	O
antigen	B-CHED
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Group	O
2	O
coronaviruses	O
prevent	O
immediate	B-PRGE
early	I-PRGE
interferon	I-PRGE
induction	O
by	O
protection	O
of	O
viral	O
RNA	O
from	O
host	O
cell	O
recognition	O
.	O

Infection	B-DISO
of	O
fibroblasts	B-ANAT
with	O
the	O
murine	B-DISO
hepatitis	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MHV	B-SPEC
)	O
and	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
did	O
not	O
result	O
in	O
nuclear	B-PROC
translocation	I-PROC
of	O
interferon	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
regulatory	I-PRGE
factor	I-PRGE
3	I-PRGE
(	O
IRF3	B-PRGE
),	O
a	O
key	O
transcription	B-PROC
factor	O
involved	O
in	O
IFN	B-PRGE
induction	O
,	O
and	O
induction	O
of	O
IFN	B-PRGE
mRNA	I-PRGE
transcription	B-PROC
.	O

Studies	O
in	O
highly	O
pathogenic	O
viruses	O
such	O
as	O
SARS	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
should	O
be	O
utmost	O
cautious	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Epidemiologic	O
studies	O
have	O
shown	O
that	O
there	O
is	O
an	O
association	O
between	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
and	O
acute	B-DISO
coronary	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

The	O
aim	O
of	O
this	O
study	O
was	O
to	O
analyze	O
the	O
thrombotic	O
risk	O
,	O
assessed	O
by	O
platelet	B-PROC
aggregation	I-PROC
and	O
aspirin	B-CHED
non	O
-	O
responsiveness	O
,	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
an	O
acute	B-DISO
coronary	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
complicated	O
by	O
an	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
subgroups	O
of	O
patients	O
with	O
persistent	B-DISO
fever	I-DISO
,	O
urinary	B-DISO
tract	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
,	O
and	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
all	O
had	O
a	O
higher	O
level	O
of	O
aggregates	O
than	O
the	O
group	O
of	O
patients	O
without	O
an	O
infection	B-DISO
(	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
007	O
,	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
04	O
,	O
and	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
01	O
,	O
respectively	O
).	O

The	O
spread	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
in	O
2003	O
,	O
brought	O
to	O
light	O
substantial	O
weaknesses	B-DISO
in	O
the	O
country	O
'	O
s	O
public	O
-	O
health	O
system	O
.	O

The	O
ultramicroscopic	O
changes	O
in	O
the	O
infundibulum	B-ANAT
and	O
magnum	O
were	O
compared	O
with	O
control	O
hens	O
which	O
had	O
eggs	O
at	O
different	O
positions	O
in	O
the	O
oviduct	B-ANAT
.	O

No	O
pathological	O
changes	O
were	O
recorded	O
during	O
2	O
-	O
8	O
days	O
post	O
-	O
infection	B-DISO
(	O
p	O
.	O
i	O
.).	O

,	O
there	O
was	O
no	O
cilia	B-COMP
loss	O
and	O
lymphoid	O
nodules	B-DISO
were	O
observed	O
in	O
the	O
muscularis	B-ANAT
layer	I-ANAT
of	O
the	O
infundibulum	B-ANAT
and	O
magnum	O
of	O
some	O
hens	O
from	O
both	O
infected	O
groups	O
.	O

An	O
additional	O
threat	O
to	O
the	O
conservation	O
of	O
maned	O
wolves	O
is	O
the	O
risk	O
of	O
morbidity	O
and	O
mortality	O
due	O
to	O
infectious	B-DISO
and	I-DISO
parasitic	I-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Ranpirnase	O
:	O
amphibian	B-PRGE
ribonuclease	B-FUNC
A	I-FUNC
,	O
P	O
-	O
30	O
protein	B-CHED
-	O
alfacell	O
.	O

Development	B-PROC
for	O
these	O
indications	O
has	O
been	O
discontinued	O
.	O

No	O
further	O
development	B-PROC
has	O
been	O
reported	O
.	O

It	O
also	O
increased	O
the	O
lung	B-ANAT
weight	O
/	O
bodyweight	O
ratio	O
,	O
lung	B-ANAT
weight	O
gain	O
,	O
exhaled	B-PROC
nitric	B-CHED
oxide	I-CHED
(	O
NO	O
),	O
the	O
protein	B-CHED
concentration	O
in	O
bronchoalveolar	O
lavage	O
and	O
microvascular	B-PROC
permeability	I-PROC
.	O

The	O
results	O
suggest	O
that	O
the	O
inflammatory	B-DISO
responses	I-DISO
and	O
ALI	O
following	O
infusion	O
of	O
LPS	B-DISO
are	O
due	O
to	O
the	O
production	O
of	O
NO	O
,	O
free	O
radicals	B-CHED
and	O
pro	B-CHED
-	O
inflammatory	O
cytokines	O
through	O
the	O
iNOS	O
system	O
.	O

In	O
many	O
cases	O
,	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
-	O
receptor	B-PROC
interactions	I-PROC
are	O
well	O
understood	O
.	O

Feline	B-PRGE
aminopeptidase	B-ENZY
N	I-ENZY
(	O
fAPN	O
)	O
serves	O
as	O
a	O
functional	O
receptor	O
for	O
most	O
group	O
1	O
coronaviruses	O
including	O
feline	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
peritonitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
FIPV	O
),	O
canine	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
,	O
transmissible	O
gastroenteritis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
),	O
and	O
human	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
229E	I-SPEC
(	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
229E	I-SPEC
).	O

To	O
account	O
for	O
the	O
previous	O
suggestion	O
that	O
fAPN	O
could	O
serve	O
as	O
an	O
IBV	B-SPEC
receptor	O
,	O
we	O
show	O
that	O
feline	B-SPEC
cells	B-COMP
can	O
be	O
infected	O
with	O
the	O
prototype	O
strain	O
of	O
IBV	B-SPEC
(	O
Mass	O
41	O
),	O
but	O
with	O
low	O
susceptibility	O
compared	O
to	O
primary	O
chick	O
kidney	B-ANAT
cells	B-COMP
.	O

We	O
conclude	O
that	O
fAPN	O
is	O
not	O
a	O
functional	O
receptor	O
for	O
IBV	B-SPEC
,	O
the	O
identity	O
of	O
which	O
is	O
currently	O
under	O
investigation	O
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
We	O
conclude	O
that	O
fAPN	O
is	O
not	O
a	O
functional	O
receptor	O
for	O
IBV	B-SPEC
,	O
the	O
identity	O
of	O
which	O
is	O
currently	O
under	O
investigation	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Because	O
the	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
outbreak	O
in	O
Taiwan	O
in	O
2003	O
was	O
worsened	O
by	O
hospital	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
,	O
we	O
analyzed	O
229	O
questionnaires	O
(	O
84	O
.	O
8	O
%	O
of	O
270	O
sent	O
)	O
completed	O
by	O
surveyed	O
healthcare	O
workers	O
who	O
cared	O
for	O
patients	O
with	O
SARS	B-DISO
in	O
3	O
types	O
of	O
hospitals	O
,	O
to	O
identify	O
surveillance	O
problems	O
.	O

Under	O
the	O
positive	O
selection	O
pressure	O
of	O
human	B-SPEC
host	B-COMP
,	O
certain	O
mutated	O
lineages	O
of	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
became	O
readily	O
transmissible	O
between	O
humans	B-SPEC
and	O
thus	O
caused	O
the	O
epidemic	O
of	O
2002	O
-	O
2003	O
.	O

Myt1	B-PRGE
expressing	O
cells	B-COMP
proliferated	O
most	O
extensively	O
during	O
active	O
demyelination	B-DISO
and	O
subsequently	O
accumulated	O
to	O
maximal	O
levels	O
during	O
early	O
remyelination	B-PROC
.	O

In	O
MHV	B-SPEC
lesions	O
,	O
Myt1	B-PRGE
was	O
not	O
expressed	B-PROC
in	O
astrocytes	B-ANAT
,	O
lymphocytes	B-ANAT
,	O
or	O
macrophage	B-ANAT
/	O
microglial	B-ANAT
cells	B-COMP
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Coronaviruses	O
cause	O
respiratory	B-ANAT
tract	I-ANAT
infection	I-DISO
and	O
a	O
coryzal	O
syndrome	O
.	O

A	O
third	O
patient	O
presented	O
with	O
an	O
upper	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
tract	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
but	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
was	O
not	O
isolated	O
.	O

This	O
is	O
the	O
first	O
description	O
of	O
respiratory	B-DISO
tract	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
with	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
in	O
HIV	B-DISO
patients	O
.	O

Both	O
patients	O
with	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
required	O
prolonged	O
admission	O
to	O
hospital	O
and	O
extensive	O
investigations	O
because	O
they	O
were	O
HIV	B-DISO
infected	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Heterologous	O
viral	O
RNA	O
export	O
elements	O
improve	O
expression	B-PROC
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
spike	O
protein	B-CHED
and	O
protective	O
efficacy	O
of	O
DNA	O
vaccines	O
against	O
SARS	B-DISO
.	O

Upon	O
immunization	O
of	O
mice	B-SPEC
with	O
low	O
doses	O
(	O
2	O
microg	O
)	O
of	O
naked	O
DNA	O
,	O
only	O
intron	O
and	O
WPRE	O
-	O
containing	O
vectors	O
could	O
induce	O
neutralizing	O
anti	O
-	O
S	O
antibodies	B-COMP
and	O
provide	O
protection	O
against	O
challenge	O
with	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
.	O
Our	O
observations	O
are	O
likely	O
to	O
be	O
useful	O
for	O
the	O
construction	O
of	O
plasmid	O
and	O
viral	O
vectors	O
designed	O
for	O
optimal	O
expression	O
of	O
intronless	O
genes	O
derived	O
from	O
cytoplasmic	B-COMP
RNA	O
viruses	B-SPEC
.	O

High	O
mortality	O
in	O
melioidosis	B-DISO
associated	O
with	O
bacteremic	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
and	O
septic	B-DISO
shock	I-DISO
.	O

Although	O
rhAPC	O
has	O
been	O
reported	O
to	O
reduce	O
the	O
mortality	O
of	O
severe	O
septic	B-DISO
shock	I-DISO
caused	O
by	O
various	O
pathogens	O
,	O
to	O
our	O
best	O
knowledge	O
,	O
this	O
is	O
the	O
first	O
reported	O
case	O
of	O
rhAPC	O
application	O
in	O
life	O
-	O
threatening	O
melioidosis	B-DISO
.	O

Applying	O
this	O
method	O
to	O
SARS	B-DISO
RNA	O
sequence	O
analysis	O
,	O
the	O
characteristic	O
of	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
differing	O
from	O
Non	O
-	O
SARS	B-DISO
is	O
discovered	O
.	O

The	O
result	O
shows	O
that	O
the	O
characteristic	O
of	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
is	O
classifiable	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
In	O
the	O
serum	B-COMP
and	O
cerebrospinal	B-ANAT
fluid	I-ANAT
of	O
a	O
patient	O
with	O
recurrent	O
acute	O
episodes	O
of	O
respiratory	O
crises	O
,	O
autonomic	B-ANAT
symptoms	O
and	O
total	O
insomnia	B-DISO
(	O
agrypnia	B-SPEC
),	O
we	O
identified	O
a	O
novel	O
anti	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
neural	I-PRGE
complement	I-PRGE
fixing	I-PRGE
antibody	I-PRGE
directed	O
against	O
GABA	B-PRGE
(	I-PRGE
B	I-PRGE
)	I-PRGE
receptor	I-PRGE
(	O
GABA	B-CHED
(	O
B	O
)	O
R	O
).	O

Patient	O
purified	O
IgG	B-PRGE
recognized	O
a	O
band	B-ANAT
of	O
approximately	O
110	O
kDa	O
on	O
protein	B-CHED
extracts	O
of	O
mouse	B-ANAT
cerebellum	I-ANAT
,	O
cortex	B-ANAT
and	O
brainstem	B-ANAT
and	O
immunolabelled	O
cultured	O
Chinese	B-SPEC
hamster	I-SPEC
ovary	B-ANAT
(	O
CHO	B-FUNC
)	O
cells	B-COMP
,	O
transfected	O
with	O
human	B-SPEC
GABA	B-CHED
(	O
B	O
)	O
R1	O
and	O
rat	B-SPEC
GABA	B-PRGE
(	I-PRGE
B	I-PRGE
)	I-PRGE
R2	I-PRGE
receptors	I-PRGE
.	O

At	O
T1	O
more	O
patients	O
indicated	O
satisfaction	O
for	O
understanding	O
the	O
doctor	O
'	O
s	O
plans	O
(	O
p	O
-	O
value	O
is	O
0	O
.	O
001	O
),	O
while	O
at	O
T2	O
,	O
more	O
patients	O
indicated	O
satisfaction	O
for	O
being	O
told	O
how	O
to	O
care	O
for	O
their	O
condition	B-DISO
(	O
p	O
-	O
value	O
is	O
0	O
.	O
04	O
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Biologic	O
,	O
antigenic	O
,	O
and	O
full	O
-	O
length	O
genomic	O
characterization	O
of	O
a	O
bovine	B-SPEC
-	O
like	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
isolated	O
from	O
a	O
giraffe	O
.	O

Detailed	O
sequence	O
analysis	O
of	O
the	O
GiCoV	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
OH3	I-PRGE
spike	I-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
demonstrated	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
a	O
deletion	O
in	O
the	O
variable	O
region	O
of	O
the	O
S1	O
subunit	O
(	O
from	O
amino	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
543	O
to	O
amino	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
547	O
),	O
which	O
is	O
a	O
region	O
associated	O
with	O
pathogenicity	O
and	O
tissue	B-PROC
tropism	B-PROC
for	O
other	O
CoVs	O
.	O

Coexpression	O
of	O
the	O
SCoV	O
S	O
,	O
M	O
,	O
E	O
,	O
and	O
6	O
proteins	B-CHED
was	O
sufficient	O
for	O
incorporation	O
of	O
the	O
6	O
protein	B-CHED
into	O
virus	B-ANAT
-	I-ANAT
like	I-ANAT
particles	I-ANAT
.	O

The	O
epidemic	O
was	O
halted	O
in	O
2003	O
by	O
a	O
highly	O
effective	O
global	O
public	O
health	O
response	O
,	O
and	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
is	O
currently	O
not	O
circulating	O
in	O
humans	B-SPEC
.	O

HCoV	O
-	O
NL63	O
and	O
HCoV	O
-	O
HKU1	O
were	O
identified	O
shortly	O
after	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
outbreak	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Reliability	O
of	O
soiled	O
bedding	O
transfer	O
for	O
detection	O
of	O
mouse	B-SPEC
parvovirus	B-DISO
and	O
mouse	B-DISO
hepatitis	I-DISO
virus	O
.	O

Transfer	O
of	O
soiled	O
bedding	O
between	O
mice	B-SPEC
in	O
static	O
cages	O
induced	O
seroconversion	O
of	O
sentinel	O
mice	B-SPEC
most	O
reliably	O
during	O
peak	O
viral	B-DISO
shedding	I-DISO
(	O
1	O
wk	O
PI	O
for	O
MPV	B-SPEC
and	O
3	O
d	O
PI	O
for	O
MHV	B-SPEC
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Production	O
and	O
characterization	O
of	O
monoclonal	O
antibodies	B-COMP
to	O
(	O
poly100	O
)	O
S1	O
protein	B-CHED
of	O
avian	B-SPEC
infectious	I-DISO
bronchitis	I-DISO
virus	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenation	B-PROC
and	O
sepsis	B-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenation	B-PROC
(	O
ECMO	O
)	O
is	O
a	O
controversial	O
means	O
of	O
life	O
support	O
,	O
particularly	O
in	O
adults	O
.	O

The	O
imino	B-CHED
protons	O
of	O
U48	O
in	O
the	O
wild	O
-	O
type	O
RNA	O
,	O
and	O
G48	O
in	O
the	O
U48G	B-PRGE
SL2	I-PRGE
mutant	I-PRGE
RNA	I-PRGE
,	O
are	O
significantly	O
protected	O
from	O
exchange	O
with	O
solvent	O
,	O
consistent	O
with	O
a	O
hydrogen	B-CHED
bonding	O
interaction	O
critical	O
to	O
the	O
hairpin	O
loop	O
architecture	O
.	O

This	O
concern	O
makes	O
it	O
important	O
to	O
review	O
the	O
most	O
current	O
guidelines	O
for	O
the	O
management	O
of	O
viral	O
respiratory	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
in	O
pregnancy	O
.	O

Long	O
-	O
term	O
exposure	O
of	O
HIV	B-DISO
to	O
CBAs	O
in	O
cell	B-COMP
culture	O
results	O
in	O
the	O
progressive	O
deletion	O
of	O
N	O
-	O
glycans	O
of	O
HIV	B-DISO
gpl20	O
in	O
an	O
attempt	O
of	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
to	O
escape	O
drug	O
pressure	O
.	O

The	O
latter	O
phenomenon	O
will	O
result	O
in	O
creating	O
'	O
holes	O
'	O
in	O
the	O
protective	O
glycan	B-CHED
shield	O
of	O
the	O
HIV	B-PRGE
envelope	B-COMP
,	O
whereby	O
the	O
immune	B-ANAT
system	I-ANAT
may	O
become	O
triggered	O
to	O
produce	O
neutralizing	O
antibodies	B-COMP
against	O
previously	O
hidden	O
immunogenic	O
epitopes	O
of	O
gp120	B-PRGE
.	O

In	O
addition	O
,	O
influenza	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
and	O
coronavirus	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
may	O
also	O
qualify	O
to	O
be	O
treated	O
by	O
CBAs	O
.	O

The	O
computed	O
tomography	O
severe	O
index	O
(	O
CTSI	O
)	O
was	O
used	O
to	O
assess	O
the	O
severity	O
of	O
the	O
pancreatitis	B-DISO
.	O

Patients	O
with	O
more	O
than	O
50	O
%	O
necrosis	B-PROC
had	O
more	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
dysfunction	O
and	O
needed	O
ventilatory	O
support	O
.	O

Similarly	O
,	O
the	O
onset	O
of	O
adult	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
also	O
correlated	O
with	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
(	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
001	O
)	O
but	O
,	O
unlike	O
consolidation	O
,	O
adult	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
correlated	O
with	O
mortality	O
(	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
001	O
).	O

Among	O
the	O
respiratory	B-DISO
complications	I-DISO
developing	O
during	O
the	O
course	O
of	O
acute	B-DISO
pancreatitis	I-DISO
,	O
consolidation	O
and	O
adult	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
correlate	O
with	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
while	O
adult	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
alone	O
leads	O
to	O
poor	O
survival	O
.	O

Similar	O
analyses	O
showed	O
that	O
education	O
level	O
,	O
variables	O
related	O
to	O
perceived	O
efficacy	O
,	O
perceived	O
major	O
local	O
outbreak	O
and	O
such	O
were	O
significantly	O
associated	O
with	O
various	O
behaviors	B-PROC
directed	O
towards	O
protecting	O
others	O
.	O

The	O
patient	O
was	O
discharged	O
alive	O
and	O
in	O
good	O
condition	B-DISO
at	O
the	O
19th	O
day	O
after	O
admission	O
.	O

In	O
the	O
absence	O
of	O
any	O
other	O
known	O
etiology	O
,	O
multiple	O
defibrillation	O
shocks	B-DISO
may	O
have	O
played	O
a	O
role	O
in	O
the	O
genesis	O
of	O
ALI	O
in	O
our	O
patient	O
,	O
but	O
this	O
remains	O
speculative	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Why	O
G3139	O
works	O
poorly	O
in	O
cancer	B-DISO
trials	O
but	O
might	O
work	O
well	O
against	O
HIV	B-DISO
.	O

Viral	O
RNA	O
was	O
isolated	O
at	O
post	O
mortem	O
from	O
the	O
jejunum	B-ANAT
and	O
liver	B-ANAT
of	O
a	O
cat	B-SPEC
with	O
feline	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
peritonitis	I-DISO
(	O
FIP	B-DISO
).	O

A	O
consensus	O
sequence	O
of	O
the	O
jejunum	B-ANAT
-	O
derived	O
genomic	O
RNA	O
(	O
FCoV	O
C1Je	O
)	O
was	O
determined	O
from	O
overlapping	O
cDNA	O
fragments	O
produced	O
by	O
reverse	B-PRGE
transcriptase	I-PRGE
polymerase	O
chain	O
reaction	O
(	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
)	O
amplification	B-DISO
.	O

RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
products	O
were	O
sequenced	O
by	O
a	O
reiterative	O
sequencing	O
strategy	O
and	O
the	O
genomic	O
RNA	O
termini	O
were	O
determined	O
using	O
a	O
rapid	O
amplification	B-DISO
of	O
cDNA	O
ends	O
PCR	O
strategy	O
.	O

DRAK2	B-PRGE
,	O
a	O
lymphoid	O
-	O
restricted	O
serine	B-PRGE
/	I-PRGE
threonine	B-CHED
kinase	I-PRGE
,	O
prevents	O
spurious	O
T	B-PROC
cell	I-PROC
activation	I-PROC
.	O

In	O
order	B-SPEC
to	O
further	O
characterize	O
the	O
molecular	O
mechanisms	O
governing	O
T	B-PROC
cell	I-PROC
activation	I-PROC
and	O
accumulation	O
within	O
the	O
CNS	O
in	O
response	O
to	O
viral	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
,	O
MHV	B-SPEC
was	O
instilled	O
into	O
the	O
CNS	B-CHED
of	O
Drak2	B-PRGE
-	O
/	O
-	O
mice	B-SPEC
.	O

However	O
,	O
all	O
bursa	B-SPEC
of	O
Fabrícius	O
tissues	B-ANAT
analysed	O
were	O
negative	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Attenuated	O
infectious	O
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
IBV	B-SPEC
)	O
vaccines	O
are	O
available	O
but	O
the	O
relationship	O
between	O
sequence	O
and	O
virulence	B-PROC
is	O
not	O
clear	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Positive	O
rate	O
of	O
serum	B-PRGE
SARS	B-DISO
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
immunoglobulin	B-PROC
G	I-PRGE
antibody	B-COMP
among	O
healthcare	O
workers	O
.	O

Information	O
on	O
environmental	O
and	O
administrative	O
factors	O
was	O
obtained	O
through	O
visits	O
to	O
the	O
wards	O
and	O
interviews	O
with	O
ward	O
managers	O
or	O
nursing	B-PROC
officers	O
.	O

Our	O
results	O
revealed	O
that	O
factors	O
that	O
were	O
associated	O
with	O
the	O
ward	O
environment	O
and	O
administration	O
were	O
important	O
in	O
nosocomial	O
outbreaks	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
.	O

Phosphorylation	B-PROC
is	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
most	O
common	O
post	O
-	O
translation	B-PROC
modifications	O
that	O
plays	O
important	O
regulatory	O
roles	O
in	O
modulating	O
protein	B-CHED
functions	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Computational	O
simulation	O
of	O
interactions	O
between	O
SARS	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
spike	O
mutants	O
and	O
host	B-COMP
species	B-SPEC
-	O
specific	O
receptors	O
.	O

And	O
the	O
predictions	O
further	O
indicate	O
that	O
some	O
viral	O
prototypes	O
might	O
utilize	O
the	O
rat	B-SPEC
ACE2	O
while	O
rats	B-SPEC
might	O
serve	O
as	O
a	O
vector	O
or	O
reservoir	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
.	O

The	O
molecular	O
and	O
cellular	B-COMP
basis	O
for	O
how	O
SARS	B-DISO
CoV	O
impacts	O
the	O
host	B-COMP
immune	B-ANAT
system	I-ANAT
resulting	O
in	O
severe	O
SARS	B-DISO
,	O
however	O
,	O
has	O
not	O
been	O
elucidated	O
.	O

The	O
variable	O
clinical	O
course	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
may	O
be	O
the	O
result	O
of	O
complex	O
programs	O
of	O
host	B-COMP
responses	O
against	O
the	O
infectious	B-DISO
agent	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Computational	O
characterization	O
and	O
design	O
of	O
SARS	B-PRGE
coronavirus	B-SPEC
receptor	I-PRGE
recognition	O
and	O
antibody	B-FUNC
neutralization	O
.	O

Based	O
on	O
those	O
complex	O
structures	O
,	O
we	O
conduct	B-PROC
computational	O
characterization	O
and	O
design	O
of	O
RBD	O
-	O
mediated	O
receptor	O
recognition	O
and	O
antibody	B-COMP
neutralization	O
.	O

Recent	O
field	O
isolates	O
display	O
distinctive	O
genetic	B-PROC
divergence	I-PROC
from	O
the	O
prototype	O
enteric	O
BCoV	O
strains	O
--	O
Mebus	O
,	O
Quebec	O
,	O
Kakegawa	O
,	O
F15	O
and	O
LY138	O
--	O
and	O
have	O
diverged	O
in	O
three	O
different	O
aspects	O
over	O
8	O
years	O
.	O

Prospective	O
randomized	O
clinical	O
trial	O
in	O
the	O
14	O
-	O
bed	B-DISO
ICU	O
of	O
a	O
750	O
-	O
bed	B-DISO
university	O
hospital	O
.	O

Patients	O
were	O
randomly	O
assigned	O
to	O
either	O
surfactant	B-CHED
administration	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
8	O
)	O
or	O
standard	O
treatment	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
8	O
).	O

A	O
single	O
dose	O
of	O
natural	O
bovine	B-SPEC
surfactant	B-CHED
was	O
instilled	O
bronchoscopically	O
in	O
the	O
involved	O
lung	B-ANAT
areas	O
;	O
each	O
segmental	B-ANAT
bronchus	I-ANAT
received	O
(	O
200	O
/	O
19	O
)	O
mg	O
/	O
kg	O
body	B-ANAT
weight	O
.	O

After	O
primary	O
successful	O
resuscitation	O
the	O
baby	O
died	B-PROC
after	O
49	O
days	O
due	O
to	O
large	O
intracranial	B-ANAT
hemorrages	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Coronavirus	O
nucleocapsid	B-COMP
proteins	B-CHED
are	O
basic	O
proteins	B-CHED
that	O
encapsulate	O
viral	O
genomic	O
RNA	O
to	O
form	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
virus	B-ANAT
structure	I-ANAT
.	O

RNA	O
has	O
been	O
shown	O
to	O
bind	B-FUNC
to	O
the	O
N	O
-	O
terminal	O
domain	O
(	O
NTD	O
),	O
although	O
recently	O
the	O
C	O
-	O
terminal	O
half	O
of	O
the	O
protein	B-CHED
has	O
also	O
been	O
implicated	O
in	O
RNA	B-FUNC
binding	I-FUNC
.	O

Here	O
,	O
we	O
report	O
that	O
the	O
C	O
-	O
terminal	O
domain	O
(	O
CTD	O
),	O
spanning	O
residues	O
248	O
-	O
365	O
(	O
NP248	O
-	O
365	O
),	O
had	O
stronger	O
nucleic	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
-	O
binding	B-PROC
activity	I-PROC
than	O
the	O
NTD	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
The	O
hypothalamic	B-ANAT
pituitary	I-ANAT
adrenal	I-ANAT
axis	I-ANAT
in	O
sepsis	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Adverse	O
events	O
associated	O
with	O
high	O
-	O
dose	O
ribavirin	B-CHED
:	O
evidence	O
from	O
the	O
Toronto	O
outbreak	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

Understanding	O
of	O
the	O
mechanisms	O
by	O
which	O
local	O
inflammation	B-DISO
in	O
the	O
pancreas	B-ANAT
leads	O
to	O
end	O
-	O
organ	B-ANAT
injury	O
is	O
crucial	O
for	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
new	O
therapeutic	O
strategies	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Modulation	O
of	O
the	O
inflammatory	B-DISO
response	I-DISO
using	O
a	O
combination	O
of	O
immunomodulatory	O
agents	O
may	O
decrease	O
the	O
incidence	O
of	O
severe	O
pancreatitis	O
-	O
related	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
and	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
pathogenicity	O
of	O
feline	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
peritonitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
FIPV	O
)	O
is	O
known	O
to	O
depend	O
on	O
macrophage	B-ANAT
tropism	B-PROC
,	O
and	O
this	O
macrophage	B-ANAT
infection	B-DISO
is	O
enhanced	O
by	O
mediation	O
via	O
anti	O
-	O
S	O
antibody	B-COMP
(	O
antibody	B-COMP
-	O
dependent	O
enhancement	O
,	O
ADE	B-CHED
).	O

For	O
upregulation	B-PROC
of	O
TNF	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
alpha	I-PRGE
and	O
fAPN	O
in	O
macrophages	B-ANAT
,	O
viral	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
in	O
macrophages	B-ANAT
is	O
necessary	O
,	O
and	O
their	O
expressions	O
were	O
increased	O
by	O
ADE	B-CHED
of	O
FIPV	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

These	O
findings	O
suggested	O
that	O
FIPV	O
replication	O
in	O
macrophages	B-ANAT
increases	O
TNF	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
alpha	I-PROC
production	I-PROC
in	O
macrophages	B-ANAT
,	O
and	O
the	O
produced	O
TNF	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
alpha	I-PRGE
acts	O
and	O
upregulates	O
fAPN	O
expression	B-PROC
,	O
increasing	O
FIPV	O
sensitivity	O
.	O

The	O
characteristic	O
tache	B-DISO
noire	I-DISO
was	O
observed	O
on	O
the	O
lateral	B-ANAT
region	I-ANAT
of	O
the	O
thigh	B-ANAT
and	O
elevated	O
IgM	B-COMP
antibody	B-PROC
titres	O
against	O
R	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
conorii	I-SPEC
were	O
detected	O
by	O
an	O
indirect	O
immunofluorescence	O
test	O
.	O

EP	O
was	O
originally	O
regarded	O
as	O
simply	O
a	O
way	O
to	O
administer	O
pyruvate	B-CHED
anion	B-CHED
,	O
whilst	O
avoiding	O
some	O
of	O
the	O
problems	O
associated	O
with	O
the	O
instability	O
of	O
pyruvate	B-CHED
in	O
aqueous	O
solutions	O
.	O

The	O
SARS	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
targets	O
the	O
epithelial	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
of	O
the	O
respiratory	B-ANAT
tract	I-ANAT
,	O
resulting	O
in	O
diffuse	B-DISO
alveolar	I-DISO
damage	I-DISO
.	O

It	O
seems	O
that	O
both	O
abnormal	O
immune	B-PROC
responses	I-PROC
and	O
injury	O
to	O
immune	O
cells	B-COMP
may	O
be	O
key	O
factors	O
in	O
the	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
of	O
this	O
new	O
disease	O
.	O

The	O
C	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
terminal	I-PRGE
ORF1a	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
nsp10	I-PRGE
colocalizes	O
with	O
viral	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
complexes	O
,	O
but	O
its	O
role	O
in	O
transcription	B-PROC
/	O
replication	O
is	O
not	O
well	O
defined	O
.	O

Mapping	O
the	O
mutations	O
onto	O
the	O
crystal	B-ANAT
structure	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
nsp10	O
identified	O
a	O
central	B-ANAT
core	I-ANAT
resistant	O
to	O
mutation	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Human	B-PRGE
coronavirus	I-PRGE
NL63	I-PRGE
(	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
NL63	I-SPEC
),	O
a	O
common	O
human	B-SPEC
respiratory	O
pathogen	O
,	O
is	O
associated	O
with	O
both	O
upper	O
and	O
lower	B-ANAT
respiratory	I-ANAT
tract	I-ANAT
disease	O
in	O
children	O
and	O
adults	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
SARS	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
replicase	I-PRGE
proteins	B-CHED
in	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
.	O

Evidence	O
for	O
change	O
within	O
the	O
ORF1ab	O
coding	O
sequence	O
during	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
epidemic	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
evidence	O
from	O
studies	O
with	O
other	O
coronaviruses	O
,	O
indicates	O
that	O
it	O
is	O
likely	O
that	O
the	O
ORF1ab	O
proteins	B-CHED
play	B-DISO
roles	I-DISO
in	O
virus	B-DISO
pathogenesis	B-PROC
distinct	O
from	O
or	O
in	O
addition	O
to	O
functions	O
directly	O
involved	O
in	O
viral	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
.	O

Volunteers	O
from	O
employees	O
of	O
the	O
animal	B-SPEC
market	O
were	O
recruited	O
and	O
their	O
serum	B-COMP
specific	O
antibody	B-COMP
against	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
were	O
determined	O
by	O
enzyme	O
linked	O
immunesorbent	O
assay	O
(	O
ELISA	O
)	O
method	O
.	O

The	O
prevalence	O
of	O
specific	O
antibody	B-COMP
against	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
in	O
employees	O
of	O
the	O
animal	B-SPEC
market	O
were	O
somehow	O
related	O
with	O
the	O
presence	O
or	O
absence	O
of	O
palm	B-ANAT
civet	B-SPEC
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Positive	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
specific	I-PRGE
IgG	B-COMP
antibody	I-COMP
was	O
found	O
25	O
.	O
61	O
%	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
328	O
),	O
13	O
.	O
03	O
%	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
238	O
),	O
12	O
.	O
59	O
%	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
135	O
),	O
5	O
.	O
04	O
%	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
139	O
)	O
and	O
9	O
.	O
43	O
%	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
53	O
)	O
among	O
volunteers	O
,	O
which	O
were	O
sampled	O
in	O
May	O
2003	O
,	O
Dec	B-CHED
.	O
2003	O
,	O
Jan	O
.	O
2004	O
,	O
July	O
2004	O
and	O
June	O
2005	O
respectively	O
.	O

Canine	O
enteric	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
(	O
CECoV	O
)	O
is	O
a	O
widespread	O
pathogen	O
of	O
dogs	B-SPEC
,	O
responsible	O
for	O
mild	O
to	O
severe	B-DISO
diarrhea	I-DISO
in	O
pups	O
.	O

The	O
purpose	O
of	O
this	O
study	O
was	O
to	O
establish	O
the	O
seroprevalence	O
of	O
CRCoV	O
in	O
Italy	O
and	O
its	O
relationship	O
to	O
CECoV	B-PRGE
type	I-PRGE
II	I-PRGE
seroprevalence	O
.	O

Acute	O
respiratory	B-DISO
tract	I-DISO
infections	I-DISO
are	O
responsible	O
for	O
considerable	O
morbidity	O
and	O
mortality	O
in	O
humans	B-SPEC
and	O
animals	B-SPEC
.	O

No	O
pathogens	O
can	O
be	O
detected	O
in	O
a	O
relatively	O
large	O
proportion	O
of	O
patients	O
with	O
respiratory	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
,	O
partially	O
owing	O
to	O
limitations	O
of	O
current	O
diagnostic	O
assays	O
but	O
also	O
since	O
some	O
infections	B-DISO
are	O
caused	O
by	O
as	O
yet	O
unknown	O
pathogens	O
.	O

Consistent	O
with	O
the	O
deletion	O
of	O
AE2	O
cells	B-COMP
,	O
the	O
amount	O
of	O
surfactant	B-CHED
proteins	B-CHED
in	O
bronchoalveolar	B-ANAT
lavage	I-ANAT
fluid	I-ANAT
was	O
greatly	O
reduced	O
in	O
the	O
DT	O
-	O
treated	O
transgenic	B-SPEC
mice	I-SPEC
.	O

Compared	O
with	O
the	O
mice	B-SPEC
in	O
which	O
both	O
AE2	O
cells	B-COMP
and	O
macrophages	B-ANAT
were	O
deleted	O
by	O
DT	O
administration	O
,	O
the	O
DT	O
-	O
treated	O
LysM	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
DTR	I-PRGE
mice	B-SPEC
with	O
DT	O
-	O
resistant	O
macrophages	B-ANAT
showed	O
less	O
severe	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
with	O
a	O
reduced	O
amount	O
of	O
hepatocyte	B-PROC
growth	B-PROC
factor	I-PROC
in	O
bronchoalveolar	B-ANAT
lavage	I-ANAT
fluid	I-ANAT
.	O

We	O
herein	O
present	O
a	O
case	O
of	O
woman	O
admitted	O
to	O
the	O
emergency	B-DISO
room	O
for	O
acute	O
severe	O
respiratory	B-DISO
distress	I-DISO
.	O

It	O
resulted	O
in	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
parenchymal	O
compression	O
associated	O
with	O
reduced	O
chest	B-ANAT
wall	I-ANAT
compliance	O
and	O
increased	O
pulmonary	O
pressure	O
.	O

Fewer	O
than	O
10	O
%	O
of	O
the	O
respondents	O
thought	O
that	O
dentists	O
ran	O
a	O
high	O
risk	O
of	O
contracting	O
SARS	B-DISO
.	O

Previously	O
,	O
SARS	B-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
3C	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
like	I-PRGE
protease	I-PRGE
(	O
3CLpro	O
)	O
has	O
been	O
demonstrated	O
to	O
induce	O
apoptosis	B-PATH
via	O
the	O
activation	O
of	O
caspase	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
3	I-PRGE
and	O
caspase	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
9	I-PRGE
(	O
Lin	B-PRGE
,	O
C	O
.	O
W	O
.,	O
Lin	B-CHED
,	O
K	O
.	O
H	O
.,	O
Hsieh	O
,	O
T	O
.	O
H	O
.,	O
Shiu	O
,	O
S	O
.	O
Y	O
.	O
et	O
al	O
.,	O
FEMS	O
Immunol	O
.	O

Functional	O
classification	O
of	O
identified	O
up	O
-	O
regulated	O
proteins	B-CHED
indicated	O
that	O
protein	B-PROC
metabolism	I-PROC
and	I-PROC
modification	I-PROC
,	O
particularly	O
in	O
the	O
ubiquitin	B-PROC
proteasome	B-PROC
pathway	I-PROC
,	O
was	O
the	O
main	O
biological	B-PROC
process	I-PROC
occurring	O
in	O
SARS	B-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
3CLpro	I-PRGE
-	O
expressing	O
cells	B-COMP
.	O

In	O
addition	O
,	O
confocal	O
image	O
analysis	O
has	O
shown	O
release	B-PATH
of	O
mitochondrial	B-COMP
apoptogenic	O
apoptosis	B-PATH
-	O
inducing	O
factor	O
and	O
cytochrome	B-PROC
c	I-PROC
into	O
the	O
cytosol	B-COMP
.	O

Our	O
results	O
revealed	O
that	O
SARS	B-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
3CLpro	I-PRGE
could	O
be	O
considered	O
to	O
induce	O
mitochondrial	B-COMP
-	O
mediated	O
apoptosis	B-PATH
.	O

The	O
binding	B-FUNC
required	O
Ca	O
(	O
2	O
+)	O
and	O
was	O
inhibited	O
by	O
maltose	B-CHED
.	O

S	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
binds	B-FUNC
and	O
activates	O
macrophages	B-ANAT
but	O
not	O
dendritic	B-ANAT
cells	B-COMP
(	O
DCs	B-DISO
).	O

Quarantining	O
only	O
persons	O
with	O
known	O
exposure	O
to	O
people	O
infected	O
with	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
could	O
have	O
reduced	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
persons	O
quarantined	O
by	O
approximately	O
64	O
%.	O

Many	O
patients	O
with	O
AI	O
H5N1	B-DISO
are	O
critically	B-DISO
ill	I-DISO
either	O
at	O
presentation	O
or	O
shortly	O
thereafter	O
.	O

Although	O
treating	O
the	O
infected	O
patient	O
with	O
AI	O
H5N1	B-DISO
is	O
a	O
priority	O
,	O
safeguarding	O
healthcare	O
workers	O
and	O
other	O
patients	O
must	O
be	O
considered	O
of	O
equal	O
priority	O
.	O

The	O
acquisition	O
of	O
infections	B-DISO
in	O
the	O
tropics	O
,	O
including	O
community	O
-	O
acquired	O
pneumonias	B-DISO
,	O
has	O
been	O
described	O
for	O
several	O
centuries	O
.	O

A	O
number	O
of	O
microorganisms	O
may	O
produce	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
in	O
people	O
who	O
live	O
or	O
have	O
traveled	O
to	O
tropical	O
zones	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
How	O
to	O
diagnose	O
and	O
manage	O
common	O
parasitic	O
pneumonias	B-DISO
.	O

A	O
polymerase	O
chain	O
reaction	O
that	O
can	O
differentiate	O
pathogenic	O
Entamoeba	B-SPEC
histolytica	I-SPEC
from	O
nonpathogenic	O
species	B-SPEC
has	O
been	O
reported	O
.	O

Parasitic	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
can	O
sometimes	O
be	O
life	O
threatening	O
.	O

If	O
proper	O
diagnosis	O
is	O
made	O
early	O
,	O
the	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
can	O
be	O
treated	O
successfully	O
with	O
currently	O
available	O
drugs	O
.	O

Forty	O
-	O
five	O
patients	O
met	B-CHED
the	O
inclusion	O
criteria	O
for	O
the	O
study	O
cohort	O
(	O
severe	O
thoracic	B-DISO
trauma	O
and	O
femoral	B-ANAT
fracture	O
stabilized	O
with	O
unreamed	O
intramedullary	O
nailing	O
[	O
IMN	O
]	O
within	O
the	O
first	O
24	O
hours	O
)	O
and	O
107	O
patients	O
were	O
selected	O
for	O
the	O
control	O
cohort	O
(	O
severe	O
thoracic	B-DISO
trauma	O
without	O
any	O
lower	B-ANAT
extremity	I-ANAT
fracture	O
).	O

Both	O
cohorts	O
were	O
comparable	O
with	O
regard	O
to	O
demographic	O
data	O
,	O
ISS	B-DISO
,	O
AIS	B-DISO
score	O
in	O
the	O
thoracic	B-ANAT
region	I-ANAT
,	O
and	O
incidence	O
and	O
severity	O
of	O
brain	B-ANAT
injury	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Neutrophil	B-ANAT
-	O
derived	O
S100A12	B-PRGE
in	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
and	O
respiratory	B-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

Additional	O
in	O
vivo	O
and	O
in	O
vitro	O
experiments	O
were	O
performed	O
to	O
further	O
analyze	O
the	O
contribution	O
of	O
S100A12	B-PRGE
to	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
inflammation	I-DISO
.	O

S100A12	B-PRGE
was	O
also	O
analyzed	O
in	O
bronchoalveolar	B-ANAT
lavage	I-ANAT
fluid	I-ANAT
from	O
eight	O
healthy	O
subjects	O
after	O
challenge	O
with	O
lipopolysaccharide	B-CHED
and	O
compared	O
with	O
eight	O
controls	O
who	O
received	O
placebo	O
inhalation	B-PROC
.	O

Several	O
types	O
of	O
vaccines	O
have	O
been	O
developed	O
including	O
inactivated	O
viruses	B-SPEC
,	O
subunit	O
vaccines	O
,	O
virus	B-ANAT
-	I-ANAT
like	I-ANAT
particles	I-ANAT
(	O
VLPs	B-ANAT
),	O
DNA	O
vaccines	O
,	O
heterologous	O
expression	B-PROC
systems	O
,	O
and	O
vaccines	O
derived	O
from	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
genome	O
by	O
reverse	O
genetics	O
.	O

The	O
production	O
of	O
effective	O
and	O
safe	O
vaccines	O
to	O
prevent	O
SARS	B-DISO
has	O
led	O
to	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
promising	O
vaccine	O
candidates	O
,	O
in	O
contrast	O
to	O
the	O
design	O
of	O
vaccines	O
for	O
other	O
coronaviruses	O
,	O
that	O
in	O
general	O
has	O
been	O
less	O
successful	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Manipulation	O
of	O
the	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
genome	O
for	O
vaccine	O
development	B-PROC
and	O
analysis	O
of	O
the	O
accessory	O
proteins	O
.	O

Our	O
current	O
molecularly	O
cloned	O
IBV	B-SPEC
,	O
strain	O
Beaudette	O
,	O
is	O
non	O
-	O
pathogenic	O
,	O
so	O
we	O
do	O
not	O
know	O
what	O
effect	O
the	O
absence	O
of	O
these	O
proteins	B-CHED
would	O
have	O
on	O
pathogenicity	O
.	O

Replacing	O
the	O
S	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
of	O
Beaudette	O
with	O
that	O
from	O
the	O
pathogenic	O
M41	O
strain	O
resulted	O
in	O
a	O
recombinant	O
virus	B-SPEC
that	O
was	O
still	O
non	O
-	O
pathogenic	O
but	O
which	O
did	O
induce	O
protection	O
against	O
challenge	O
with	O
M41	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Positive	O
end	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
expiratory	I-PROC
pressure	O
(	O
PEEP	B-CHED
)	O
and	O
inspired	B-PROC
oxygen	B-CHED
fraction	O
(	O
F	O
(	O
IO	O
(	O
2	O
)))	O
are	O
the	O
primary	O
means	O
of	O
improving	O
P	O
(	O
aO	O
(	O
2	O
))	O
during	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
.	O

HFOV	O
(	O
8	O
-	O
10	O
Hz	O
)	O
was	O
started	O
using	O
a	O
recruitment	B-DISO
strategy	O
and	O
oxygenation	B-PROC
improved	O
within	O
2	O
h	O
.	O
After	O
5	O
days	O
,	O
the	O
patient	O
was	O
switched	O
back	B-ANAT
to	O
CV	O
uneventfully	O
and	O
av	O
-	O
ECLA	O
was	O
removed	O
after	O
8	O
days	O
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
The	O
combination	O
of	O
two	O
innovative	O
treatment	O
modalities	O
resulted	O
in	O
rapid	O
stabilization	O
and	O
improvement	O
of	O
gas	B-ENZY
exchange	O
during	O
severe	O
ARDS	B-DISO
refractory	O
to	O
conventional	O
lung	B-ANAT
protective	O
ventilation	O
.	O

The	O
authors	O
prospectively	O
investigated	O
avian	B-DISO
flu	I-DISO
and	O
SARS	B-DISO
between	O
March	O
2005	O
and	O
April	O
2006	O
.	O

This	O
may	O
be	O
due	O
to	O
the	O
mass	O
campaign	O
of	O
influenza	B-DISO
vaccination	O
or	O
seasonal	O
variation	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Blastomycosis	B-DISO
in	O
solid	O
organ	B-ANAT
transplant	I-ANAT
recipients	O
.	O

From	O
1986	O
to	O
2004	O
,	O
we	O
identified	O
11	O
cases	O
of	O
post	O
-	O
transplant	B-ANAT
blastomycosis	B-DISO
with	O
64	O
%	O
occurring	O
between	O
2000	O
and	O
2004	O
.	O

Opportunistic	O
co	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
infections	I-DISO
were	O
common	O
,	O
occurring	O
in	O
36	O
%	O
of	O
patients	O
.	O

None	O
of	O
the	O
surviving	O
patients	O
relapsed	O
or	O
received	O
routine	O
secondary	O
antifungal	B-CHED
prophylaxis	O
.	O

Two	O
targets	O
of	O
possible	O
antiviral	B-CHED
intervention	O
were	O
identified	O
in	O
the	O
replication	O
cycle	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
.	O
The	O
first	O
target	O
is	O
located	O
early	O
in	O
the	O
replication	O
cycle	O
,	O
most	O
probably	O
viral	O
attachment	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
second	O
target	O
is	O
located	O
at	O
the	O
end	O
of	O
the	O
infectious	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
cycle	O
.	O

Based	O
on	O
phylogenetic	O
data	O
and	O
structure	O
probing	O
,	O
we	O
have	O
identified	O
a	O
95	O
-	O
nt	O
hairpin	O
within	O
the	O
190	O
-	O
nt	O
PS	O
domain	O
which	O
is	O
conserved	O
in	O
all	O
group	O
IIa	O
coronaviruses	O
but	O
not	O
in	O
the	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
group	O
IIb	O
),	O
group	O
I	O
coronaviruses	O
,	O
or	O
group	O
III	O
coronaviruses	O
.	O

The	O
homology	O
of	O
the	O
nucleotides	B-CHED
and	O
amino	B-CHED
acids	I-CHED
among	O
the	O
five	O
isolates	O
were	O
76	O
.	O
7	O
%-	O
92	O
.	O
1	O
%	O
and	O
73	O
.	O
9	O
%-	O
89	O
.	O
5	O
%,	O
respectively	O
,	O
indicating	O
a	O
great	O
variation	O
in	O
S1	O
genes	O
of	O
the	O
isolates	O
.	O

In	O
a	O
subset	O
of	O
176	O
patients	O
who	O
had	O
a	O
complete	O
blood	B-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
count	O
performed	O
,	O
the	O
strongest	O
predictors	O
were	O
temperature	O
>	O
or	O
=	O
38	O
degrees	O
C	O
(	O
OR	O
=	O
15	O
.	O
5	O
),	O
lymphocyte	B-ANAT
count	O
<	O
1000	O
(	O
OR	O
=	O
9	O
.	O
3	O
)	O
and	O
abnormal	O
chest	B-ANAT
x	O
-	O
ray	B-SPEC
(	O
OR	O
=	O
5	O
.	O
7	O
).	O

Diarrhea	B-DISO
was	O
a	O
powerful	O
negative	O
predictor	O
(	O
OR	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
03	O
)	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Of	O
821	O
patients	O
,	O
205	O
had	O
confirmed	O
SARS	B-DISO
,	O
35	O
undetermined	O
SARS	B-DISO
and	O
581	O
non	O
-	O
SARS	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Quasispecies	O
of	O
bovine	B-SPEC
enteric	O
and	O
respiratory	O
coronaviruses	O
based	O
on	O
complete	O
genome	O
sequences	O
and	O
genetic	O
changes	O
after	O
tissue	O
culture	O
adaptation	B-PROC
.	O

These	O
data	O
suggest	O
that	O
BCoV	O
evolves	O
through	O
quasispecies	O
development	B-PROC
,	O
and	O
that	O
enteric	O
BCoV	O
isolates	O
are	O
more	O
prone	O
to	O
genetic	O
changes	O
and	O
may	O
mutate	B-PROC
to	O
resemble	O
respiratory	O
BCoV	O
strains	O
after	O
tissue	B-ANAT
culture	O
passage	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Porcine	B-SPEC
epidemic	I-SPEC
diarrhea	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
)	O
causes	O
a	O
devastating	O
enteric	O
disease	O
with	O
acute	B-DISO
diarrhea	I-DISO
,	O
dehydration	B-DISO
and	O
significant	O
mortality	O
in	O
swine	B-SPEC
,	O
thereby	O
incurring	O
heavy	O
economic	O
losses	O
in	O
Korea	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Immunogenicity	O
of	O
S1	B-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
DNA	O
vaccine	O
of	O
mouse	B-DISO
hepatitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
delivered	O
by	O
attenuated	O
Salmonella	B-SPEC
typhimurium	O
].	O

The	O
immunized	O
mice	B-SPEC
showed	O
no	O
clinic	O
symptom	O
.	O

BALB	O
/	O
c	O
mice	B-SPEC
were	O
immunized	O
orally	B-ANAT
with	O
SL7207	O
harboring	O
recombinant	O
plasmid	O
at	O
the	O
dosage	O
of	O
109	O
and	O
boosted	O
two	O
weeks	O
later	O
with	O
the	O
same	O
dose	O
,	O
for	O
a	O
total	O
of	O
three	O
times	O
.	O

Most	O
of	O
the	O
cases	O
of	O
NMO	B-CHED
in	O
Cuba	O
are	O
of	O
the	O
relapsing	O
form	O
,	O
but	O
this	O
case	O
report	O
is	O
the	O
first	O
one	O
with	O
monophasic	O
NMO	B-CHED
and	O
DS	O
with	O
a	O
very	O
aggressive	B-DISO
course	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
In	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
),	O
high	O
-	O
frequency	O
oscillation	O
(	O
HFO	O
)	O
improves	O
oxygenation	B-PROC
relative	O
to	O
conventional	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
(	O
CMV	B-SPEC
).	O

A	O
total	O
of	O
14	O
patients	O
with	O
early	O
(<	O
72	O
hrs	B-DISO
in	O
duration	O
),	O
severe	O
(	O
PaO2	O
/	O
FiO2	O
of	O
<	O
150	O
mm	O
Hg	O
and	O
prerecruitment	O
oxygenation	B-PROC
index	O
of	O
22	O
.	O
8	O
+/-	O

HFO	O
sessions	O
were	O
preceded	O
and	O
followed	O
by	O
ARDS	O
Network	O
CMV	B-SPEC
.	O

Four	O
recruitment	B-DISO
maneuvers	O
were	O
performed	O
during	O
the	O
study	O
period	O
.	O

During	O
HFO	O
sessions	O
,	O
mean	O
airway	B-ANAT
pressure	O
was	O
set	O
at	O
1	O
cm	O
H2O	B-CHED
above	O
the	O
point	O
of	O
maximal	O
curvature	O
of	O
the	O
respiratory	B-ANAT
system	I-ANAT
expiratory	B-PROC
pressure	O
-	O
volume	O
curve	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Randomization	O
in	O
clinical	O
trials	O
of	O
titrated	O
therapies	O
:	O
unintended	O
consequences	O
of	O
using	O
fixed	B-ANAT
treatment	O
protocols	O
.	O

The	O
practice	O
misalignments	B-DISO
created	O
by	O
such	O
designs	O
may	O
have	O
unintended	O
effects	O
on	O
trial	O
results	O
and	O
safety	O
.	O

Publications	O
before	O
TRICC	O
indicated	O
that	O
clinicians	O
used	O
higher	O
transfusion	O
thresholds	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
ischemic	B-DISO
heart	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
compared	O
with	O
younger	O
,	O
healthier	O
patients	O
(	O
p	O
=	O
.	O
001	O
).	O

Thirty	O
-	O
day	O
mortality	O
was	O
different	O
and	O
opposite	O
in	O
the	O
liberal	O
compared	O
with	O
the	O
restrictive	O
arm	B-ANAT
depending	O
on	O
presence	O
(	O
21	O
vs	O
.	O
26	O
%)	O
or	O
absence	O
(	O
25	O
vs	O
.	O
16	O
%)	O
of	O
ischemic	B-DISO
heart	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
(	O
p	O
=	O
.	O
03	O
).	O

Characterizing	O
current	O
practice	O
,	O
incorporating	O
current	O
practice	O
controls	O
,	O
and	O
using	O
alternative	O
trial	O
designs	O
to	O
minimize	O
practice	O
misalignments	B-DISO
should	O
improve	O
trial	O
safety	O
and	O
interpretability	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Post	O
-	O
emetic	O
spontaneous	B-DISO
rupture	I-DISO
of	O
the	O
esophagus	B-ANAT
(	O
Boerhaave	B-DISO
'	I-DISO
s	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
)	O
is	O
still	O
a	O
life	O
-	O
threatening	O
condition	B-DISO
,	O
despite	O
recent	O
advances	O
in	O
thoracic	B-DISO
surgery	O
and	O
critical	O
care	O
medicine	B-CHED
.	O

Emergency	B-DISO
T	O
-	O
tube	O
drainage	B-ANAT
was	O
therefore	O
scheduled	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Role	O
of	O
endothelial	B-DISO
dysfunction	I-DISO
in	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
severe	B-DISO
sepsis	I-DISO
--	O
the	O
pathomechanism	O
,	O
evaluation	O
by	O
laboratory	O
tests	O
and	O
new	O
therapeutic	O
strategies	O
].	O

E	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
selectin	I-PRGE
,	O
an	O
endothelial	B-PRGE
leukocyte	B-PROC
adhesion	B-DISO
molecule	I-PRGE
,	O
is	O
released	O
from	O
the	O
endothelial	B-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
membrane	O
by	O
the	O
action	O
of	O
TNF	B-PRGE
and	O
exists	O
as	O
soluble	O
E	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
selectin	I-PRGE
in	O
plasma	B-ANAT
.	O

Early	O
detection	O
of	O
increases	O
in	O
plasma	B-ANAT
levels	O
of	O
soluble	O
E	O
selectin	B-PROC
by	O
a	O
rapid	O
assay	O
system	O
,	O
developed	O
by	O
the	O
authors	O
,	O
enables	O
early	O
effective	O
treatment	O
of	O
patients	O
with	O
sepsis	B-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
association	O
between	O
weather	O
and	O
severe	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
transmission	O
in	O
Beijing	O
and	O
Hong	O
Kong	O
in	O
the	O
2003	O
epidemic	O
was	O
studied	O
to	O
examine	O
the	O
effect	O
of	O
weather	O
on	O
SARS	B-DISO
transmission	O
.	O

The	O
study	O
suggests	O
that	O
weather	O
might	O
be	O
a	O
contributory	O
factor	O
in	O
the	O
2003	O
SARS	B-DISO
epidemic	O
,	O
in	O
particular	O
in	O
the	O
transmission	O
among	O
the	O
community	O
members	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
The	O
results	O
indicate	O
that	O
there	O
were	O
inverse	O
association	O
between	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
daily	O
cases	O
and	O
maximum	O
and	O
/	O
or	O
minimum	O
temperatures	O
whereas	O
air	O
pressure	O
was	O
found	O
to	O
be	O
positively	O
associated	O
with	O
SARS	B-DISO
transmission	O
.	O

Diseases	O
with	O
a	O
limited	O
reduction	O
were	O
acute	O
conditions	O
,	O
difficult	O
mental	B-DISO
disorders	I-DISO
,	O
or	O
procedures	O
that	O
could	O
not	O
be	O
postponed	O
.	O

On	O
the	O
other	O
hand	O
,	O
the	O
disease	O
categories	O
with	O
the	O
smallest	O
reduction	O
were	O
allergic	B-DISO
reactions	I-DISO
(-	O
4	O
%),	O
skin	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
(-	O
6	O
%),	O
and	O
anxiety	O
(-	O
10	O
%)	O
in	O
ambulatory	O
care	O
and	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
(+	O
40	O
%),	O
delivery	O
(-	O
2	O
%),	O
and	O
fractures	O
of	O
lower	B-ANAT
limbs	I-ANAT
(-	O
5	O
%)	O
in	O
inpatient	O
care	O
.	O

The	O
receptors	O
of	O
those	O
two	O
viruses	B-SPEC
have	O
been	O
identified	O
and	O
their	O
cell	B-COMP
entry	O
mechanism	O
has	O
been	O
actively	O
investigated	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Epidemiological	O
investigation	O
on	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
occurring	O
in	O
intensive	O
care	O
units	O
in	O
Beijing	O
from	O
1998	O
to	O
2003	O
].	O

The	O
mean	O
interval	O
between	O
onset	O
of	O
the	O
primary	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
and	O
onset	O
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
was	O
(	O
61	O
.	O
8	O
+/-	O
43	O
.	O
7	O
)	O
hours	O
.	O

It	O
has	O
no	O
homology	O
with	O
known	O
proteins	B-CHED
and	O
its	O
function	O
in	O
SARS	B-DISO
CoV	O
replication	O
has	O
not	O
been	O
determined	O
.	O

The	O
N	O
-	O
terminal	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
9b	O
protein	B-CHED
was	O
used	O
to	O
raise	O
polyclonal	O
antibodies	B-COMP
in	O
rabbits	B-SPEC
,	O
and	O
these	O
antibodies	B-COMP
could	O
detect	O
9b	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
in	O
infected	O
cells	B-COMP
.	O

Twenty	O
-	O
eight	O
virus	B-SPEC
-	O
specific	O
TCC	B-COMP
and	O
7	O
myelin	B-COMP
-	O
specific	O
TCC	B-COMP
were	O
obtained	O
from	O
six	O
healthy	O
donors	O
.	O

The	O
ELSO	O
registry	O
currently	O
includes	O
31	O
,	O
340	O
ECMO	O
cases	O
,	O
of	O
which	O
151	O
were	O
post	O
-	O
LTx	O
patients	O
with	O
primary	B-DISO
graft	I-DISO
dysfunction	I-DISO
(	O
PGD	B-CHED
).	O

It	O
was	O
also	O
discontinued	O
in	O
29	O
patients	O
with	O
multiorgan	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
,	O
in	O
22	O
patients	O
that	O
died	B-PROC
with	O
no	O
further	O
specification	O
,	O
and	O
in	O
7	O
patients	O
for	O
other	O
reasons	O
.	O

It	O
has	O
tremendous	O
values	O
for	O
both	O
drug	O
discovery	O
and	O
basic	O
research	O
to	O
develop	O
a	O
solid	O
bioinformatical	O
tool	O
for	O
guiding	O
peptide	O
reagent	B-CHED
design	O
.	O

An	O
iterative	O
double	O
least	O
square	O
technique	O
is	O
developed	O
for	O
the	O
solution	O
of	O
the	O
three	O
-	O
dimensional	O
simultaneous	O
linear	O
equation	O
set	O
to	O
determine	O
the	O
amino	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
position	O
coefficients	O
of	O
peptide	B-CHED
sequence	O
and	O
the	O
physicochemical	O
parameter	O
coefficients	O
of	O
amino	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
residues	O
alternately	O
.	O

Using	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
as	O
a	O
model	O
,	O
we	O
will	O
review	O
the	O
current	O
knowledge	O
of	O
the	O
interplay	O
between	O
coronavirus	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
and	O
the	O
host	B-COMP
innate	O
immune	B-ANAT
system	I-ANAT
in	O
vivo	O
,	O
and	O
then	O
discuss	O
the	O
mechanisms	O
by	O
which	O
specific	O
gene	O
products	O
antagonize	O
the	O
host	B-COMP
innate	B-DISO
immune	I-DISO
response	I-DISO
in	O
cell	B-COMP
culture	O
models	O
.	O

The	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
receptor	I-PRGE
,	O
human	B-PRGE
angiotensin	B-CHED
1	I-PRGE
converting	I-PRGE
enzyme	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
(	O
hACE2	O
),	O
was	O
detected	O
exclusively	O
on	O
the	O
apical	O
surface	O
of	O
cells	B-COMP
in	O
polarized	O
Calu	O
-	O
3	O
cells	B-COMP
and	O
human	B-SPEC
airway	B-ANAT
epithelial	O
cultures	O
(	O
HAE	B-PRGE
),	O
indicating	O
that	O
hACE2	O
was	O
accessible	O
by	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
after	O
lumenal	O
airway	B-ANAT
delivery	O
.	O

To	O
assess	O
infectivity	O
in	O
ciliated	O
airway	B-ANAT
cultures	O
derived	O
from	O
susceptible	O
animal	B-SPEC
species	B-SPEC
we	O
generated	O
a	O
recombinant	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
by	O
deletion	O
of	O
open	O
reading	O
frame	O
7a	O
/	O
7b	O
(	O
ORF	O
7a	O
/	O
7b	O
)	O
and	O
insertion	O
of	O
the	O
green	B-PRGE
fluorescent	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
(	O
GFP	B-CHED
)	O
resulting	O
in	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
GFP	B-CHED
.	O

Efficient	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
CoV	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
of	O
ciliated	B-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
-	O
types	O
in	O
HAE	O
provides	O
a	O
useful	O
in	O
vitro	O
model	O
of	O
human	B-SPEC
lung	B-ANAT
origin	O
to	O
study	O
characteristics	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
replication	O
and	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
In	O
this	O
review	O
,	O
we	O
summarize	O
the	O
researches	O
on	O
animal	O
reservoirs	O
of	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
).	O

Masked	B-SPEC
palm	I-SPEC
civets	I-SPEC
were	O
suspected	O
as	O
the	O
origin	O
of	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
outbreak	O
in	O
2003	O
and	O
was	O
confirmed	O
as	O
the	O
direct	O
origin	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
cases	O
with	O
mild	O
symptom	B-DISO
in	O
2004	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
investigate	O
the	O
apoptosis	B-PATH
effect	O
of	O
SARS	B-PRGE
coronavirus	B-SPEC
nucleocapsid	B-COMP
protein	B-CHED
on	O
cultured	B-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
lines	O
and	O
to	O
explore	O
the	O
possible	O
pathway	B-PROC
of	O
apoptosis	B-PATH
.	O

Apoptosis	B-PATH
induced	O
by	O
SARS	B-PRGE
coronavirus	B-SPEC
N	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
under	O
starvation	O
of	O
serum	B-COMP
of	O
COS	B-ANAT
-	I-ANAT
1	I-ANAT
cells	B-COMP
was	O
monitored	O
by	O
Annexin	B-PRGE
V	I-PRGE
and	O
electron	O
microscopy	O
assays	O
.	O

SARS	B-PRGE
coronavirus	B-SPEC
M	I-PRGE
,	O
S	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
can	O
not	O
induce	O
apoptosis	B-PATH
in	O
COS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
,	O
HepG2	O
and	O
Huh	O
-	O
7	O
and	O
SARS	B-PRGE
coronavirus	B-SPEC
N	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
can	O
not	O
induce	O
apoptosis	B-PATH
in	O
HepG2	O
and	O
Huh	O
-	O
7	O
by	O
methods	O
used	O
in	O
this	O
study	O
.	O

Endotracheal	O
intubation	O
was	O
done	O
on	O
the	O
second	O
hospital	O
day	O
in	O
the	O
Pediatric	O
Intensive	O
Care	O
Unit	O
(	O
PICU	B-SPEC
)	O
due	O
to	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
manifested	O
by	O
hypercapnia	B-DISO
and	O
hypoxemia	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
(	O
ALI	O
)	O
is	O
of	O
paramount	O
importance	O
for	O
modern	O
intensive	O
care	O
since	O
it	O
is	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
most	O
frequent	O
conditions	O
necessitating	O
admission	O
to	O
an	O
ICU	O
.	O

Although	O
there	O
are	O
no	O
currently	O
approved	O
antiviral	B-CHED
agents	I-CHED
for	O
clinical	O
use	O
,	O
our	O
increased	O
understanding	O
of	O
the	O
virus	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
host	B-COMP
interaction	I-PROC
should	O
lead	O
to	O
new	O
intervention	O
strategies	O
.	O

Clinicians	O
should	O
appreciate	O
the	O
potential	O
for	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
antiviral	B-CHED
resistance	B-PROC
to	O
influenza	B-DISO
antivirals	B-CHED
in	O
immunocompromised	O
patients	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Coronaviral	O
infection	B-DISO
of	O
New	O
World	O
camelids	O
was	O
first	O
identified	O
in	O
1998	O
in	O
llamas	O
and	O
alpacas	B-SPEC
with	O
severe	B-DISO
diarrhea	I-DISO
.	O

A	O
total	O
of	O
145	O
point	B-PROC
mutations	I-PROC
and	O
one	O
nucleotide	B-CHED
deletion	O
were	O
found	O
relative	O
to	O
the	O
BCoV	B-PRGE
ENT	I-PRGE
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Critical	O
assessment	O
of	O
the	O
diagnostic	O
value	O
of	O
feline	B-PRGE
alpha1	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
acid	I-PRGE
glycoprotein	B-CHED
for	O
feline	B-SPEC
infectious	I-DISO
peritonitis	I-DISO
using	O
the	O
likelihood	O
ratios	O
approach	O
.	O

Serum	B-COMP
AGP	O
levels	O
from	O
cats	B-SPEC
with	O
FIP	B-DISO
(	O
group	O
1	O
;	O
n	O
=	O
58	O
)	O
and	O
without	O
FIP	B-DISO
(	O
group	O
2	O
;	O
n	O
=	O
104	O
)	O
were	O
evaluated	O
.	O

In	O
addition	O
,	O
MHV	B-SPEC
was	O
able	O
to	O
significantly	O
decrease	O
the	O
level	O
of	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
beta	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
induced	O
by	O
both	O
Newcastle	B-SPEC
disease	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
NDV	B-SPEC
)	O
and	O
Sendai	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
infections	B-DISO
,	O
without	O
targeting	B-PROC
it	O
for	O
proteasomal	O
degradation	O
and	O
without	O
altering	O
the	O
nuclear	B-PROC
translocation	I-PROC
of	O
IRF	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
3	I-PRGE
or	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
beta	I-PRGE
mRNA	I-PRGE
production	O
or	O
stability	O
.	O

Furthermore	O
,	O
MHV	B-SPEC
replication	O
is	O
highly	O
resistant	O
to	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
alpha	I-PRGE
/	I-PRGE
beta	I-PRGE
action	O
,	O
as	O
indicated	O
by	O
unimpaired	O
MHV	B-SPEC
replication	O
in	O
L2	O
cells	B-COMP
pretreated	O
with	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
beta	I-PRGE
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Since	O
an	O
outbreak	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
was	O
averted	O
in	O
2004	O
,	O
many	O
novel	O
coronaviruses	O
have	O
been	O
recognized	O
from	O
different	O
species	B-SPEC
,	O
including	O
humans	B-SPEC
.	O

Bats	B-SPEC
have	O
provided	O
the	O
most	O
diverse	O
assemblages	O
of	O
coronaviruses	O
,	O
suggesting	O
that	O
they	O
may	O
be	O
the	O
natural	O
reservoir	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Seroprevalence	O
of	O
selected	O
infectious	B-DISO
agents	O
in	O
a	O
free	O
-	O
ranging	O
,	O
low	O
-	O
density	O
lion	B-SPEC
population	O
in	O
the	O
Central	O
Kalahari	O
Game	O
Reserves	O
in	O
Botswana	O
.	O

Canine	B-SPEC
distemper	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
and	O
feline	B-SPEC
calicivirus	I-SPEC
occurred	O
with	O
a	O
low	O
prevalence	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
A	O
case	O
of	O
a	O
young	O
man	O
with	O
community	O
-	O
acquired	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
,	O
severe	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
,	O
and	O
sepsis	B-DISO
is	O
reported	O
.	O

Treatment	O
with	O
antibiotics	B-CHED
and	O
various	O
modes	O
of	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
in	O
the	O
intensive	O
care	O
unit	O
were	O
unsuccessful	O
.	O

The	O
overall	O
downward	O
trend	O
of	O
the	O
infection	B-DISO
curve	O
after	O
early	O
May	O
corresponds	O
well	O
to	O
the	O
date	O
(	O
May	O
10	O
)	O
when	O
changes	O
in	O
the	O
review	O
and	O
classification	O
procedure	O
were	O
implemented	O
by	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
Prevention	O
and	O
Extrication	O
Committee	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
compare	O
the	O
diagnostic	O
accuracy	O
of	O
emergency	B-DISO
department	O
(	O
ED	O
)	O
physicians	O
with	O
the	O
World	O
Health	O
Organization	O
(	O
WHO	O
)	O
case	O
definition	O
in	O
a	O
large	O
community	O
-	O
based	O
SARS	B-DISO
(	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
)	O
cohort	O
.	O

In	O
addition	O
,	O
immunofluorescence	O
assays	O
for	O
detection	O
of	O
pAPN	O
and	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
antigens	B-CHED
,	O
together	O
with	O
neutralization	O
assays	O
using	O
antibodies	B-COMP
against	O
pAPN	O
,	O
further	O
confirmed	O
the	O
correlation	O
between	O
pAPN	O
expression	B-PROC
and	O
viral	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
in	O
pAPN	O
-	O
transfected	O
MDCK	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
.	O

103	O
adult	O
patients	O
with	O
ARDS	B-DISO
(	O
white	O
Germans	O
).	O

In	O
the	O
seven	O
unvaccinated	O
groups	O
,	O
CDV	B-CHED
titers	O
were	O
low	O
and	O
occurred	O
in	O
20	O
-	O
100	O
%	O
of	O
the	O
animals	B-SPEC
;	O
antibody	B-COMP
titers	O
against	O
CPV	B-SPEC
were	O
found	O
in	O
seven	O
of	O
eight	O
areas	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
is	O
the	O
first	O
emerging	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
of	O
the	O
21st	O
century	O
that	O
has	O
been	O
highly	O
transmissible	O
and	O
fatal	O
and	O
was	O
caused	O
by	O
a	O
previously	O
unknown	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
).	O

It	O
is	O
hence	O
necessary	O
to	O
understand	O
the	O
biology	O
of	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
to	O
deal	O
adequately	O
with	O
the	O
next	O
outbreak	O
,	O
whenever	O
it	O
happens	O
.	O

The	O
remaining	O
12	O
ORFs	O
encode	O
the	O
4	O
structural	O
proteins	B-CHED
:	O
spike	O
,	O
membrane	B-COMP
,	O
nucleocapsid	B-COMP
and	O
envelope	B-COMP
;	O
and	O
eight	O
accessory	O
proteins	B-CHED
.	O

The	O
viral	B-COMP
genome	I-COMP
and	O
its	O
expression	B-PROC
within	O
the	O
host	B-COMP
cell	I-COMP
undergoes	O
extensive	O
translational	B-PROC
and	O
enzymatic	O
processing	O
to	O
form	O
the	O
4	O
structural	O
,	O
8	O
accessory	O
and	O
16	O
nonstructural	O
proteins	B-CHED
.	O

Two	O
conflicting	O
cellular	B-COMP
programs	O
,	O
apoptosis	B-PATH
to	O
eliminate	O
virus	B-SPEC
-	O
infected	O
cells	B-COMP
and	O
survival	O
to	O
delay	O
apoptosis	B-PATH
by	O
producing	O
antiviral	B-CHED
cytokines	O
,	O
occur	O
in	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
.	O

Agents	O
being	O
developed	O
to	O
target	O
these	O
signaling	B-PROC
cascades	O
may	O
be	O
important	O
for	O
the	O
design	O
of	O
anti	O
-	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
drugs	O
.	O

The	O
cleavage	B-PROC
could	O
be	O
blocked	O
by	O
a	O
PC	O
-	O
inhibitor	B-CHED
,	O
alpha1	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
PDX	I-PRGE
,	O
in	O
a	O
dose	O
-	O
dependent	O
manner	O
.	O

4	O
weeks	O
later	O
,	O
the	O
patient	O
presented	O
again	O
with	O
a	O
clinical	O
relapse	O
of	O
severe	O
hemoptysis	B-DISO
and	O
respiratory	B-DISO
insufficiency	I-DISO
after	O
smoke	O
exposition	O
.	O

He	O
was	O
under	O
intermittent	O
hemodialysis	O
until	O
laboratory	O
measurements	O
showed	O
improved	O
renal	B-PROC
function	I-PROC
.	O

It	O
is	O
important	O
to	O
consider	O
that	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
anti	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
GBM	I-PRGE
disease	I-PRGE
antibody	B-COMP
-	O
negative	O
relapses	O
are	O
possible	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Modelling	O
respiratory	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
control	O
measure	O
effects	O
.	O

We	O
show	O
that	O
a	O
combination	O
of	O
assigned	O
effective	O
public	O
health	O
interventions	O
and	O
enhanced	O
engineering	O
control	O
measures	O
would	O
have	O
a	O
high	O
probability	O
for	O
containing	O
airborne	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

We	O
conclude	O
that	O
SLVI	O
within	O
the	O
BCoV	B-PRGE
nsp1	I-PRGE
coding	I-PRGE
region	I-PRGE
is	O
a	O
higher	O
-	O
order	B-SPEC
cis	B-DISO
-	O
replication	O
element	O
for	O
DI	B-PRGE
RNA	I-PRGE
and	O
postulate	O
that	O
it	O
functions	O
similarly	O
in	O
the	O
viral	B-COMP
genome	I-COMP
.	O

For	O
Canada	O
,	O
a	O
similar	O
catalyst	B-CHED
stemmed	O
from	O
the	O
lessons	O
learned	B-PROC
during	O
the	O
2003	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
outbreak	O
.	O

Pneumococci	O
should	O
be	O
considered	O
in	O
the	O
differential	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
any	O
young	O
woman	O
who	O
develops	O
peritonitis	B-DISO
without	O
an	O
obvious	O
cause	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
avian	O
coronavirus	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
IBV	B-SPEC
)	O
is	O
a	O
major	O
economic	O
pathogen	O
of	O
domestic	O
poultry	O
that	O
,	O
despite	O
vaccination	O
,	O
causes	O
mortality	O
and	O
significant	O
losses	O
in	O
production	O
.	O

During	O
replication	O
of	O
the	O
RNA	O
genome	O
there	O
is	O
a	O
high	O
frequency	O
of	O
mutation	O
and	O
recombination	B-PROC
,	O
which	O
has	O
given	O
rise	O
to	O
many	O
strains	O
of	O
IBV	B-SPEC
and	O
results	O
in	O
the	O
potential	O
for	O
new	O
and	O
emerging	O
strains	O
.	O

Literature	O
was	O
searched	O
through	O
PubMed	O
,	O
Cochrane	O
Library	O
,	O
Wan	O
Fang	B-ANAT
database	O
and	O
Google	O
.	O

Self	O
-	O
reported	O
hand	O
-	O
washing	O
compliance	O
increased	O
in	O
the	O
first	O
phase	O
of	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
outbreak	O
and	O
maintained	O
a	O
high	O
level	O
22	O
months	O
after	O
the	O
outbreak	O
.	O

The	O
importance	O
of	O
family	B-SPEC
support	O
and	O
'	O
significant	O
female	O
others	O
'	O
in	O
hand	O
hygiene	O
promotion	O
are	O
noted	O
.	O

Morbid	B-DISO
obesity	I-DISO
was	O
not	O
associated	O
with	O
increased	O
mortality	O
(	O
OR	O
0	O
.	O
810	O
,	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
,	O
0	O
.	O
353	O
to	O
1	O
.	O
856	O
).	O

The	O
use	O
of	O
colloids	O
and	O
steroids	B-CHED
may	O
be	O
beneficial	O
,	O
but	O
other	O
new	O
therapies	O
such	O
as	O
insulin	B-PRGE
and	O
activated	O
protein	B-CHED
C	O
still	O
need	O
further	O
assessment	O
.	O

In	O
order	B-SPEC
to	O
further	O
characterize	O
the	O
functional	O
properties	O
of	O
this	O
protein	B-CHED
,	O
we	O
initiated	O
studies	O
to	O
check	O
its	O
RNA	B-FUNC
binding	I-FUNC
activity	O
.	O

This	O
RNA	B-FUNC
binding	I-FUNC
motif	O
of	O
3a	O
does	O
not	O
share	O
homology	O
with	O
any	O
other	O
known	O
RNA	B-FUNC
binding	I-FUNC
protein	B-CHED
and	O
may	O
have	O
an	O
important	O
role	O
in	O
viral	B-PROC
capsid	I-PROC
assembly	I-PROC
and	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Despite	O
recent	O
advances	O
in	O
critical	O
care	O
management	O
,	O
the	O
mortality	O
of	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
distress	O
syndrome	O
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
remains	O
high	O
.	O

Bronchial	B-ANAT
rupture	O
and	O
mediastinal	B-DISO
emphysema	I-DISO
was	O
found	O
in	O
one	O
of	O
them	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Genetic	O
analysis	O
of	O
hyperoxic	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
survival	O
in	O
reciprocal	O
intercross	O
mice	B-SPEC
.	O

Concomitantly	O
,	O
phosphorylation	B-PROC
of	O
the	O
eukaryotic	B-PRGE
translation	I-PRGE
initiation	I-PRGE
factor	I-PRGE
2alpha	I-PRGE
was	O
increased	O
in	O
MHV	B-SPEC
-	O
infected	O
cells	B-COMP
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Cross	O
-	O
species	B-SPEC
transmission	O
:	O
last	O
obstacle	O
before	O
pandemic	O
].	O

The	O
improvement	O
of	O
epidemiological	O
surveillance	O
has	O
allowed	O
live	O
monitoring	O
of	O
epidemic	O
progresses	O
,	O
while	O
new	O
molecular	O
biological	O
tools	O
have	O
allowed	O
analysis	O
of	O
the	O
various	O
steps	O
required	O
for	O
viral	O
adaptation	B-PROC
to	O
their	O
new	O
hosts	B-COMP
.	O

We	O
collected	O
fecal	B-ANAT
specimens	O
from	O
monkeys	B-SPEC
with	O
diarrhea	B-DISO
that	O
were	O
housed	O
in	O
two	O
primate	B-SPEC
colonies	O
,	O
the	O
Institute	O
of	O
Laboratory	O
Animal	B-SPEC
Sciences	O
,	O
Beijing	O
,	O
China	O
and	O
the	O
Yerkes	O
National	O
Primate	B-SPEC
Research	O
Center	O
,	O
Georgia	O
,	O
USA	O
.	O

Our	O
findings	O
indicate	O
endemic	O
infections	B-DISO
with	O
enteric	O
viruses	B-SPEC
in	O
monkeys	B-SPEC
of	O
both	O
colonies	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Cell	B-ANAT
cycle	I-PATH
arrest	I-PROC
and	O
apoptosis	B-PATH
induced	O
by	O
the	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
in	O
the	O
absence	O
of	O
p53	O
.	O

This	O
study	O
provides	O
basic	O
information	O
for	O
the	O
design	O
of	O
DNA	O
vaccines	O
against	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
.	O

Complete	O
records	O
for	O
blood	B-ANAT
transfusions	O
were	O
available	O
for	O
61	O
patients	O
:	O
90	O
%	O
had	O
penetrating	O
trauma	O
,	O
17	O
received	O
rFVIIa	O
early	O
,	O
and	O
44	O
received	O
it	O
late	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
An	O
enteric	O
syndrome	B-DISO
was	O
observed	O
in	O
quail	O
(	O
Coturnix	B-SPEC
coturnix	I-SPEC
)	O
semi	O
-	O
intensively	O
reared	O
for	O
restocking	O
in	O
Apulia	O
(	O
southern	O
Italy	O
).	O

Mortality	O
occurred	O
particularly	O
in	O
young	O
birds	B-SPEC
.	O

The	O
same	O
patient	O
subsequently	O
required	O
laryngeal	B-ANAT
exclusion	O
and	O
tracheostomy	O
.	O

Of	O
139	O
patients	O
treated	O
for	O
dysphagia	B-DISO
secondary	O
to	O
muscular	B-DISO
dystrophy	I-DISO
,	O
haematoma	B-DISO
formation	B-PROC
or	O
infection	B-DISO
occurred	O
in	O
four	O
,	O
and	O
eight	O
patients	O
developed	O
postoperative	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
complications	I-DISO
,	O
four	O
of	O
whom	O
died	B-PROC
from	O
respiratory	B-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

Two	O
patients	O
with	O
myogenic	O
dysphagia	B-DISO
required	O
laryngeal	B-ANAT
exclusion	O
with	O
a	O
permanent	O
tracheostomy	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Animal	B-SPEC
models	O
and	O
vaccines	O
for	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
CoV	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
.	O

We	O
invited	O
SARS	B-DISO
survivors	O
from	O
the	O
same	O
hospitals	O
(	O
non	O
-	O
health	O
care	O
workers	O
,	O
n	O
=	O
63	O
;	O
health	O
care	O
workers	O
,	O
n	O
=	O
33	O
)	O
to	O
complete	O
the	O
PSS	B-DISO
-	O
10	O
again	O
in	O
2004	O
.	O

The	O
situation	O
of	O
health	O
care	O
worker	O
SARS	B-DISO
survivors	O
is	O
particularly	O
worrying	O
.	O

PSS	B-DISO
-	O
10	O
scores	O
were	O
also	O
obtained	O
from	O
matched	O
community	O
control	O
subjects	O
during	O
the	O
outbreak	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
145	O
)	O
and	O
again	O
in	O
2004	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
112	O
).	O

We	O
recruited	O
high	O
-	O
risk	O
health	O
care	O
workers	O
who	O
practised	O
respiratory	O
medicine	B-CHED
and	O
compared	O
them	O
with	O
nonrespiratory	O
medicine	B-CHED
workers	O
,	O
who	O
formed	O
the	O
low	O
-	O
risk	O
health	O
care	O
worker	O
control	O
group	O
.	O

Health	O
care	O
workers	O
who	O
were	O
at	O
high	O
risk	O
of	O
contracting	O
SARS	B-DISO
appear	O
not	O
only	O
to	O
have	O
chronic	O
stress	O
but	O
also	O
higher	O
levels	O
of	O
depression	B-DISO
and	O
anxiety	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
In	O
our	O
global	O
world	O
,	O
the	O
increasing	O
complexity	O
of	O
social	O
relations	O
and	O
transport	B-PROC
infrastructures	O
are	O
key	O
factors	O
in	O
the	O
spread	O
of	O
epidemics	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Expression	B-PROC
of	O
the	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
3a	O
protein	B-CHED
and	O
the	O
assembly	O
of	O
coronavirus	O
-	O
like	O
particles	O
in	O
the	O
baculovirus	B-SPEC
expression	B-PROC
system	O
.	O

Using	O
the	O
same	O
expression	B-PROC
system	O
,	O
two	O
structural	O
proteins	B-CHED
,	O
membrane	B-COMP
(	O
M	O
)	O
and	O
envelope	B-COMP
(	O
E	O
),	O
were	O
co	O
-	O
expressed	B-PROC
to	O
form	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
virus	B-ANAT
-	I-ANAT
like	I-ANAT
particles	I-ANAT
(	O
VLPs	B-ANAT
)	O
within	O
an	O
insect	B-SPEC
cell	B-COMP
.	O

A	O
fully	O
matured	O
S	B-PRGE
glycoprotein	I-PRGE
will	O
be	O
modified	O
with	O
complex	O
oligosaccharides	B-CHED
which	O
makes	O
it	O
resistant	O
to	O
cleavage	B-PROC
by	O
EndoH	O
but	O
not	O
by	O
N	O
-	O
Gly	B-CHED
F	O
.	O
By	O
exploiting	O
this	O
characteristic	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
then	O
possible	O
to	O
determine	O
which	O
forms	O
of	O
the	O
immunoprecipitated	O
S	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
are	O
properly	O
processed	O
by	O
the	O
host	O
cell	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Modelling	O
epidemics	O
:	O
the	O
case	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
in	O
Canada	O
].	O

However	O
,	O
with	O
almost	O
30	O
%	O
of	O
the	O
medicated	O
hypertensive	O
patients	O
harboring	O
an	O
uncontrolled	O
blood	B-PROC
pressure	I-PROC
,	O
a	O
need	O
for	O
new	O
drugs	O
and	O
new	O
targets	O
appears	O
necessary	O
.	O

In	O
this	O
review	O
,	O
we	O
will	O
compare	O
the	O
structures	O
,	O
distributions	O
and	O
properties	O
of	O
ACE	B-PRGE
and	O
its	O
new	O
homologue	O
in	O
the	O
context	O
of	O
cardiovascular	B-PROC
function	I-PROC
,	O
focusing	O
on	O
the	O
autocrine	B-PROC
/	O
paracrine	B-PROC
cardiac	B-ANAT
and	O
brain	B-ANAT
renin	B-PRGE
-	O
angiotensin	B-CHED
systems	O
and	O
we	O
will	O
present	O
recent	O
data	O
from	O
the	O
literature	O
and	O
our	O
laboratory	O
offering	O
a	O
new	O
perspective	O
on	O
this	O
potential	O
target	O
for	O
the	O
treatment	O
of	O
cardiovascular	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
.	O

The	O
major	O
neutralizing	O
epitope	B-CHED
was	O
located	O
on	O
the	O
D2	O
peptide	B-CHED
,	O
and	O
the	O
amino	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
residue	I-CHED
was	O
fine	O
mapped	O
to	O
434	O
-	O
453	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
GxxxG	O
motif	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
spike	O
glycoprotein	B-CHED
transmembrane	B-ANAT
domain	O
is	O
not	O
involved	O
in	O
trimerization	O
and	O
is	O
not	O
important	O
for	O
entry	O
.	O

All	O
viruses	B-SPEC
replicated	O
efficiently	O
,	O
but	O
none	O
produced	O
clinical	O
disease	O
or	O
death	B-PROC
in	O
young	O
animals	B-SPEC
.	O

In	O
contrast	O
,	O
severe	O
clinical	O
disease	O
,	O
diffuse	B-DISO
alveolar	I-DISO
damage	I-DISO
,	O
hyaline	B-DISO
membrane	B-COMP
formation	B-PROC
,	O
alveolitis	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
death	B-PROC
were	O
noted	O
in	O
12	O
-	O
month	O
-	O
old	O
mice	B-SPEC
inoculated	O
with	O
the	O
palm	B-ANAT
civet	B-SPEC
HC	O
/	O
SZ	O
/	O
61	O
/	O
03	O
strain	O
or	O
early	O
-	O
human	B-SPEC
-	O
phase	O
GZ02	O
variants	O
but	O
not	O
with	O
related	O
middle	O
-	O
and	O
late	O
-	O
phase	O
epidemic	O
or	O
raccoon	B-SPEC
dog	I-SPEC
strains	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Simultaneous	O
detection	O
and	O
high	O
-	O
throughput	O
identification	O
of	O
a	O
panel	O
of	O
RNA	O
viruses	B-SPEC
causing	O
respiratory	B-ANAT
tract	I-ANAT
infections	I-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Clinical	O
presentations	O
for	O
viral	O
respiratory	B-DISO
tract	I-DISO
infections	I-DISO
are	O
often	O
nonspecific	O
,	O
and	O
a	O
rapid	O
,	O
high	O
-	O
throughput	O
laboratory	O
technique	O
that	O
can	O
detect	O
a	O
panel	O
of	O
common	O
viral	O
pathogens	O
is	O
clinically	O
desirable	O
.	O

We	O
evaluated	O
two	O
multiplex	O
reverse	B-PROC
transcription	I-PROC
-	O
PCR	O
(	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
)	O
products	O
coupled	O
with	O
microarray	O
-	O
based	O
systems	O
for	O
simultaneous	O
detection	O
of	O
common	O
respiratory	B-ANAT
tract	I-ANAT
viral	O
pathogens	O
.	O

An	O
investigator	O
attended	O
the	O
lobby	O
daily	O
to	O
screen	O
patients	O
with	O
symptoms	O
for	O
SARS	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
EMOPDs	O
in	O
key	O
hospitals	O
need	O
be	O
able	O
to	O
screen	O
for	O
infectious	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
,	O
especially	O
in	O
view	O
of	O
the	O
threats	O
from	O
SARS	B-DISO
and	O
Avian	B-DISO
influenza	I-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
demand	O
for	O
rapid	O
and	O
simple	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
a	O
vaccine	O
against	O
a	O
newly	O
emerging	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
is	O
increasing	O
worldwide	O
.	O

The	O
system	O
is	O
characterized	O
by	O
a	O
new	O
low	O
-	O
resistance	B-PROC
gas	B-ENZY
exchange	O
membrane	B-COMP
that	O
is	O
integrated	O
in	O
an	O
arterial	B-ANAT
-	O
venous	B-ANAT
bypass	O
established	O
by	O
cannulation	O
of	O
the	O
femoral	B-ANAT
artery	I-ANAT
and	O
vein	B-ANAT
.	O

Ventilator	O
settings	O
were	O
able	O
to	O
be	O
adjusted	O
to	O
the	O
decreased	O
pulmonary	B-PROC
gas	B-ENZY
exchange	I-PROC
needs	O
,	O
making	O
protective	O
lung	B-ANAT
strategies	O
possible	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
What	O
'	O
s	O
new	O
in	O
surfactant	B-CHED
?	O

Ideally	O
,	O
surfactant	B-CHED
would	O
be	O
administered	O
without	O
requiring	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
.	O

Ongoing	O
research	O
is	O
essential	O
to	O
continue	O
to	O
improve	O
therapeutic	O
prospects	O
for	O
children	O
with	O
serious	O
respiratory	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
involving	O
disturbances	O
in	O
surfactant	B-CHED
.	O

Apart	O
from	O
supportive	O
treatment	O
with	O
artificial	O
ventilation	O
the	O
medical	O
treatment	O
included	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
Acyclovir	B-CHED
and	O
polyclonal	B-PRGE
immunoglobulins	I-PRGE
in	O
the	O
early	O
phase	O
and	O
corticosteroids	B-CHED
in	O
the	O
late	O
phase	O
.	O

Nsp2	B-PRGE
,	O
nsp8	O
and	O
ORF9b	O
showed	O
a	O
wide	O
range	O
of	O
interactions	O
with	O
other	O
viral	O
proteins	B-CHED
.	O

However	O
,	O
it	O
can	O
be	O
expected	O
to	O
be	O
important	O
for	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
-	O
host	B-COMP
interplay	O
and	O
for	O
pathogenicity	O
,	O
due	O
to	O
its	O
large	O
number	O
of	O
interactions	O
,	O
by	O
enhancing	O
the	O
global	O
stability	O
of	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
proteome	O
network	O
,	O
or	O
play	O
some	O
unrealized	O
role	O
in	O
regulating	O
protein	B-CHED
-	O
protein	B-CHED
interactions	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Protective	O
effect	O
of	O
rupatadine	O
against	O
oleic	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
-	O
induced	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
in	O
rabbits	B-SPEC
].	O

ALI	O
was	O
induced	O
by	O
oleic	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
in	O
rabbits	B-SPEC
.	O

Both	O
features	O
can	O
be	O
evoked	O
by	O
pneumolysin	O
(	O
PLY	B-PRGE
),	O
an	O
important	O
virulence	B-PROC
factor	O
of	O
Streptococcus	B-SPEC
pneumoniae	I-SPEC
.	O

Intravascular	O
PLY	O
,	O
but	O
not	O
the	O
pneumolysoid	O
Pd	O
-	O
B	O
(	O
PLY	B-PRGE
with	O
a	O
Trp	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
Phe	B-CHED
substitution	O
at	O
position	O
433	O
),	O
caused	O
an	O
impressive	O
dose	O
-	O
dependent	O
increase	O
in	O
pulmonary	B-PROC
vascular	B-ANAT
resistance	I-PROC
and	O
increased	O
PAF	B-DISO
in	O
lung	B-ANAT
homogenates	O
,	O
as	O
detected	O
by	O
reversed	O
-	O
phase	O
high	O
-	O
performance	O
liquid	O
chromatography	O
coupled	O
to	O
tandem	O
mass	O
spectrometry	O
.	O

PAF	B-DISO
significantly	O
contributed	O
to	O
PLY	O
-	O
induced	O
acute	O
injury	O
in	O
murine	B-SPEC
lungs	B-ANAT
.	O

In	O
this	O
latter	O
respect	O
control	O
may	O
in	O
part	O
be	O
achieved	O
through	O
the	O
sub	O
-	O
cellular	B-PROC
localisation	I-PROC
of	O
the	O
protein	B-CHED
.	O

It	O
plays	O
important	O
roles	O
in	O
virion	B-PROC
assembly	I-PROC
and	O
morphogenesis	B-PROC
,	O
alteration	O
of	O
the	O
membrane	B-PROC
permeability	I-PROC
of	O
host	B-COMP
cells	B-COMP
and	O
virus	B-SPEC
-	O
host	B-COMP
cell	I-COMP
interaction	O
.	O

We	O
expressed	B-PROC
the	O
two	O
proteins	B-CHED
as	O
fusion	O
proteins	B-CHED
in	O
the	O
yeast	B-SPEC
two	O
-	O
hybrid	O
system	O
to	O
demonstrate	O
protein	B-CHED
-	O
protein	B-CHED
interactions	O
and	O
tested	O
the	O
same	O
using	O
a	O
yeast	B-SPEC
genetic	O
cross	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
clinical	O
picture	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
is	O
characterized	O
by	O
an	O
over	O
-	O
exuberant	O
immune	B-PROC
response	I-PROC
with	O
lung	B-ANAT
lymphomononuclear	O
cells	B-COMP
infilteration	O
and	O
proliferation	B-DISO
that	O
may	O
account	O
for	O
tissue	B-ANAT
damage	O
more	O
than	O
the	O
direct	O
effect	O
of	O
viral	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Cleavage	B-PROC
of	O
spike	O
protein	B-CHED
of	O
SARS	B-PRGE
coronavirus	B-SPEC
by	I-PRGE
protease	I-PRGE
factor	I-PRGE
Xa	I-PRGE
is	O
associated	O
with	O
viral	O
infectivity	O
.	O

Also	O
,	O
the	O
protease	O
Factor	O
Xa	O
,	O
a	O
target	O
of	O
Ben	B-DISO
-	O
HCl	B-CHED
abundantly	O
expressed	B-PROC
in	O
infected	O
cells	B-COMP
,	O
was	O
able	O
to	O
cleave	O
the	O
recombinant	O
and	O
pseudoviral	B-PRGE
S	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
into	O
S1	O
and	O
S2	O
subunits	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
cleavage	B-PROC
was	O
inhibited	O
by	O
Ben	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
HCl	B-CHED
.	O

Limitations	O
on	O
access	O
to	O
medical	O
services	O
during	O
the	O
2003	O
SARS	B-DISO
outbreak	O
in	O
Toronto	O
had	O
no	O
observable	O
impact	O
on	O
short	O
-	O
term	O
population	O
mortality	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
international	O
outbreak	O
of	O
the	O
severe	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
-	O
associated	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
in	O
2002	O
-	O
2003	O
highlighted	O
the	O
need	O
to	O
develop	O
pretested	O
human	B-SPEC
vaccine	O
vectors	O
that	O
can	O
be	O
used	O
in	O
a	O
rapid	O
response	O
against	O
newly	O
emerging	O
pathogens	O
.	O

A	O
wider	O
implication	O
is	O
that	O
runting	O
coupled	O
with	O
steatorrhea	B-DISO
are	O
phenotypic	O
criteria	O
to	O
suspect	O
pancreatic	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
that	O
could	O
be	O
used	O
in	O
the	O
context	O
of	O
a	O
mouse	B-SPEC
N	B-CHED
-	I-CHED
ethyl	I-CHED
-	I-CHED
N	I-CHED
-	I-CHED
nitrosourea	I-CHED
-	O
mutagenesis	B-PROC
program	O
to	O
identify	O
potential	O
mutants	O
with	O
defects	O
in	O
pancreas	B-PROC
development	B-PROC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Argatroban	B-CHED
in	O
extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenation	B-PROC
.	O

We	O
report	O
here	O
the	O
first	O
successful	O
expression	O
and	O
purification	O
of	O
an	O
arterivirus	B-SPEC
RdRp	B-FUNC
that	O
is	O
catalytically	O
active	O
in	O
the	O
absence	O
of	O
other	O
viral	O
or	O
cellular	B-COMP
proteins	B-CHED
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
It	O
is	O
not	O
understood	O
how	O
immune	O
inflammation	B-DISO
influences	O
the	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
).	O

The	O
fact	O
that	O
the	O
majority	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
recover	B-PROC
after	O
relatively	O
moderate	O
illness	O
suggests	O
that	O
the	O
prevailing	O
notion	O
of	O
deficient	O
type	O
I	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	O
mediated	O
immunity	B-PROC
,	O
with	O
hypercytokinemia	O
driving	O
a	O
poor	O
clinical	O
course	O
,	O
is	O
oversimplified	O
.	O

The	O
majority	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
resolved	O
IFN	B-PRGE
responses	O
at	O
crisis	O
and	O
expressed	B-PROC
adaptive	O
immune	O
genes	O
.	O

We	O
examined	O
whether	O
polymorphisms	B-PROC
of	O
RANTES	B-PRGE
,	O
IP	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
10	I-PRGE
and	O
Mig	B-PRGE
affect	O
the	O
susceptibility	O
to	O
and	O
outcome	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
).	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
RANTES	O
-	O
28	O
G	O
allele	O
plays	O
a	O
role	O
in	O
the	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
second	O
exemplar	O
involves	O
the	O
newly	O
appreciated	O
complexity	O
of	O
the	O
renin	B-PATH
-	I-PATH
angiotensin	B-CHED
system	I-PATH
as	O
a	O
regulator	O
of	O
the	O
cardiovascular	B-ANAT
system	I-ANAT
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Differentiation	B-PROC
of	O
feline	B-SPEC
coronavirus	B-SPEC
type	O
I	O
and	O
II	O
infections	B-DISO
by	O
virus	B-PROC
neutralization	I-PROC
test	O
.	O

A	O
total	O
of	O
79	O
cat	B-SPEC
sera	B-COMP
collected	O
in	O
the	O
years	O
between	O
2004	O
and	O
2005	O
were	O
examined	O
to	O
evaluate	O
seroprevalence	O
by	O
the	O
VN	O
test	O
,	O
showing	O
the	O
following	O
results	O
:	O
(	O
1	O
)	O
50	O
cats	B-SPEC
(	O
63	O
.	O
3	O
%)	O
were	O
sero	O
-	O
positive	O
to	O
FCoV	O
;	O
(	O
2	O
)	O
of	O
the	O
50	O
FCoV	O
positive	O
cat	B-SPEC
serum	B-COMP
samples	O
,	O
49	O
(	O
98	O
%)	O
showed	O
significantly	O
higher	O
titers	O
to	O
type	O
I	O
virus	B-SPEC
and	O
only	O
one	O
(	O
2	O
%)	O
for	O
type	O
II	O
virus	B-SPEC
.	O

The	O
antigen	O
target	O
in	O
Goodpasture	B-DISO
'	I-DISO
s	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
is	O
type	O
IV	O
collagen	B-COMP
,	O
the	O
major	O
component	O
of	O
basement	B-COMP
membranes	I-COMP
.	O

Sequence	O
analysis	O
revealed	O
that	O
the	O
VL	B-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
was	O
composed	O
of	O
VL3h	O
(	O
V	O
lambda	O
subgroup	O
)	O
and	O
JL2	O
regions	O
and	O
the	O
VH	B-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
was	O
composed	O
of	O
VH1	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
69	I-PRGE
(	O
VH1	B-PRGE
subgroup	O
),	O
D2	O
-	O
15	O
,	O
D3	O
-	O
22	O
and	O
JH6	O
regions	O
.	O

Although	O
much	O
of	O
the	O
cytokine	B-PROC
signaling	I-PROC
responsible	O
for	O
the	O
initial	O
phase	O
of	O
ALI	O
has	O
been	O
elaborated	O
,	O
relatively	O
little	O
is	O
known	O
about	O
the	O
mechanisms	O
governing	O
the	O
recruitment	B-DISO
of	O
neutrophils	B-ANAT
from	O
the	O
bone	B-ANAT
marrow	I-ANAT
to	O
the	O
lung	B-ANAT
in	O
the	O
later	O
period	O
of	O
this	O
disease	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Human	B-SPEC
papillomavirus	I-SPEC
prevalence	O
and	O
type	O
distribution	O
in	O
male	O
anogenital	O
sites	O
and	O
semen	B-ANAT
.	O

The	O
penile	B-ANAT
shaft	O
was	O
the	O
site	O
most	O
likely	O
to	O
be	O
HPV	O
positive	O
and	O
harbored	O
the	O
greatest	O
proportion	O
of	O
multiple	O
type	O
and	O
oncogenic	O
infections	B-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
In	O
this	O
report	O
,	O
we	O
describe	O
a	O
case	O
of	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
due	O
to	O
an	O
infection	B-DISO
with	O
human	B-SPEC
coronaviruses	O
(	O
HCoVs	O
)-	O
OC43	O
in	O
a	O
pediatric	O
leukemia	B-DISO
patient	O
with	O
Down	B-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
and	O
febrile	B-DISO
neutropenia	I-DISO
.	O

The	O
coagulation	B-PROC
profile	O
was	O
associated	O
with	O
clinical	O
,	O
epidemiological	O
and	O
CT	O
findings	O
.	O

Univariate	O
and	O
multivariate	O
analyses	O
were	O
used	O
to	O
check	O
the	O
association	O
between	O
coagulopathy	B-DISO
and	O
mortality	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Sickle	O
hemoglobin	O
(	O
Hb	O
S	O
;	O
betaGlu	O
6	O
Val	B-CHED
)	O
is	O
due	O
to	O
an	O
A	O
>	O
T	O
transversion	B-DISO
in	O
codon	O
6	O
of	O
the	O
beta	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
globin	I-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
.	O

The	O
protective	O
immunity	B-PROC
of	O
rBCG	O
-	O
S1	O
was	O
identified	O
in	O
vaccinated	O
chickens	B-SPEC
.	O

In	O
order	B-SPEC
to	O
detect	O
the	O
location	O
of	O
expressed	B-PROC
protein	B-CHED
,	O
the	O
yellow	O
and	O
green	O
fluorescence	O
of	O
the	O
recombinant	O
strain	O
pNZ8112	O
-	O
Sa	O
/	O
NZ9000	O
was	O
detected	O
by	O
the	O
IFA	O
experiments	O
,	O
which	O
indicated	O
that	O
the	O
expressed	B-PROC
recombinant	O
protein	B-CHED
was	O
secreted	B-PROC
and	O
located	O
on	O
the	O
surface	O
of	O
the	O
bacterium	B-SPEC
cell	B-COMP
.	O

It	O
was	O
showed	O
that	O
the	O
mice	B-SPEC
immunized	O
with	O
pNZ8112	O
-	O
Sa	O
/	O
NZ9000	O
recombinant	O
strain	O
had	O
produced	O
clear	O
antibody	B-COMP
level	O
anti	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
,	O
and	O
which	O
had	O
provided	O
important	O
substance	O
foundation	O
and	O
explored	O
the	O
feasibility	O
of	O
Lactobacillus	B-SPEC
as	O
oral	B-ANAT
vaccine	O
.	O

Significant	O
SEAP	O
activity	O
could	O
be	O
detected	O
in	O
the	O
culture	O
medium	O
only	O
after	O
cell	O
-	O
cell	B-COMP
fusion	O
occurred	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
A	O
case	O
of	O
psittacosis	B-DISO
with	O
wandering	O
infiltrates	B-DISO
developing	O
to	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
].	O

Finally	O
,	O
elevated	O
antibody	B-COMP
titers	O
against	O
Chlamydophila	B-SPEC
psittasi	O
confirmed	O
a	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
Psittacosis	B-DISO
.	O

Sequential	O
chest	B-ANAT
computed	O
tomography	O
scans	O
in	O
this	O
case	O
indicate	O
that	O
absorption	O
of	O
marginal	O
air	B-CHED
-	O
space	O
consolidation	O
with	O
extended	O
central	O
ground	O
glass	O
attenuation	O
in	O
concordance	O
with	O
a	O
new	O
infiltrate	B-DISO
on	O
another	O
lung	B-ANAT
field	I-ANAT
appeared	O
to	O
create	O
wandering	O
infiltrate	B-DISO
.	O

Both	O
viral	O
RNA	O
and	O
viral	B-PROC
protein	I-PROC
synthesis	I-PROC
were	O
affected	O
with	O
subsequent	O
loss	O
of	O
progeny	O
virus	B-SPEC
production	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
A	O
multicentre	O
retrospective	O
study	O
was	O
undertaken	O
to	O
examine	O
patients	O
with	O
interstitial	O
lung	B-ANAT
disease	O
(	O
ILD	O
)	O
with	O
the	O
initial	O
clinical	O
manifestation	O
of	O
an	O
anti	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
synthetase	I-PRGE
syndrome	I-PRGE
(	O
anti	O
-	O
Jo	O
-	O
1	O
antibodies	B-COMP
),	O
and	O
to	O
analyse	O
the	O
characteristics	O
and	O
long	O
-	O
term	O
outcome	O
of	O
these	O
patients	O
according	O
to	O
their	O
clinical	O
presentation	O
(	O
acute	O
or	O
gradual	O
onset	O
),	O
treatment	O
and	O
adverse	O
events	O
related	O
to	O
treatment	O
.	O

32	O
patients	O
,	O
15	O
(	O
47	O
%)	O
presenting	O
with	O
acute	O
onset	O
and	O
associated	O
respiratory	B-DISO
insufficiency	I-DISO
(	O
group	O
A	O
)	O
and	O
17	O
(	O
53	O
%)	O
with	O
gradual	O
onset	O
(	O
group	O
G	O
)	O
were	O
examined	O
.	O

Myositis	B-DISO
was	O
diagnosed	O
at	O
admission	O
in	O
only	O
31	O
%	O
of	O
cases	O
and	O
was	O
observed	O
during	O
follow	O
-	O
up	O
in	O
56	O
%	O
of	O
cases	O
,	O
but	O
the	O
prevalence	O
did	O
not	O
differ	O
between	O
the	O
two	O
groups	O
.	O

AM	O
decreased	O
the	O
numbers	O
of	O
total	O
cells	B-COMP
and	O
neutrophils	B-ANAT
and	O
the	O
levels	O
of	O
TNF	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
alpha	I-PRGE
and	O
CINC	B-CHED
in	O
BALF	O
.	O

In	O
addition	O
,	O
we	O
identified	O
the	O
expression	B-PROC
of	O
inducible	B-PRGE
nitric	I-PRGE
oxide	I-PRGE
synthase	I-PRGE
(	O
iNOS	B-PRGE
)	O
using	O
immunohistochemical	O
stain	O
.	O

Biochemical	O
determinations	O
indicated	O
hypoxia	B-DISO
,	O
hyperglycaemia	B-DISO
,	O
increased	O
nitrite	B-CHED
/	O
nitrate	B-CHED
,	O
methyl	B-CHED
guanidine	B-CHED
and	O
other	O
factors	O
.	O

Animals	B-SPEC
were	O
subjected	O
to	O
heterologous	O
prime	O
-	O
boost	O
using	O
vectors	O
from	O
human	B-SPEC
serotype	O
5	O
and	O
chimpanzee	B-SPEC
derived	O
adenoviruses	B-SPEC
(	O
human	B-SPEC
AdHu5	O
and	O
chimpanzee	B-SPEC
AdC7	O
)	O
expressing	O
spike	O
protein	B-CHED
followed	O
by	O
intranasal	O
challenge	O
with	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
.	O
Vaccination	O
led	O
to	O
a	O
substantial	O
reduction	O
in	O
viral	O
load	O
and	O
prevented	O
the	O
severe	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
seen	O
in	O
unvaccinated	O
animals	B-SPEC
.	O

So	O
far	O
antivirals	B-CHED
are	O
hardly	O
available	O
to	O
combat	B-CHED
infections	B-DISO
with	O
viruses	B-SPEC
of	O
this	O
order	B-SPEC
.	O

Lectins	O
,	O
which	O
bind	B-FUNC
to	O
N	O
-	O
linked	O
oligosaccharide	B-CHED
elements	O
of	O
enveloped	O
viruses	B-SPEC
,	O
can	O
be	O
considered	O
as	O
a	O
conceptionally	O
new	O
class	B-SPEC
of	O
virus	B-SPEC
inhibitors	B-CHED
.	O

The	O
presence	O
of	O
carbohydrate	B-CHED
-	O
binding	B-FUNC
agents	O
strongly	O
inhibited	O
coronaviruses	O
(	O
transmissible	O
gastroenteritis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
,	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
,	O
feline	B-SPEC
coronaviruses	O
serotypes	O
I	O
and	O
II	O
,	O
mouse	B-DISO
hepatitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
),	O
arteriviruses	B-SPEC
(	O
equine	B-SPEC
arteritis	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
and	O
porcine	B-SPEC
respiratory	I-SPEC
and	I-SPEC
reproductive	I-SPEC
syndrome	B-DISO
virus	I-SPEC
)	O
and	O
torovirus	B-SPEC
(	O
equine	B-SPEC
Berne	O
virus	B-SPEC
).	O

Unfortunately	O
,	O
neither	O
corticosteroids	B-CHED
nor	O
any	O
other	O
currently	O
available	O
therapy	O
modifies	O
the	O
long	O
-	O
term	O
outcome	O
of	O
preschool	O
wheeze	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
and	O
multiple	B-DISO
organ	I-DISO
dysfunction	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
secondary	O
to	O
intra	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
abdominal	B-ANAT
hypertension	I-DISO
and	O
abdominal	O
decompression	O
in	O
extensively	O
burned	O
patients	O
.	O

9	O
.	O
9	O
cm	O
H2O	B-CHED
),	O
peak	O
inspiratory	B-PROC
pressure	O
(	O
51	O
.	O
4	O
+/-	O

7	O
.	O
0	O
cm	O
H2O	B-CHED
),	O
and	O
abdominal	B-ANAT
perfusion	O
pressure	O
(	O
51	O
.	O
3	O
+/-	O

These	O
results	O
show	O
that	O
the	O
WD	O
-	O
BCoV	O
has	O
dual	O
tropism	B-PROC
and	O
induces	O
pathological	O
changes	O
in	O
both	O
the	O
digestive	B-PROC
and	O
respiratory	B-ANAT
tracts	I-ANAT
of	O
calves	O
.	O

Subjects	O
with	O
an	O
apnea	B-DISO
-	O
hypopnea	O
index	O
(	O
AHI	O
)	O
>	O
or	O
=	O
15	O
/	O
h	O
underwent	O
a	O
second	O
polysomnography	O
with	O
CPAP	O
.	O

CPAP	O
significantly	O
improved	O
rapid	B-PROC
eye	I-PROC
movement	I-PROC
(	O
REM	B-PROC
)	O
duration	O
(	O
p	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
005	O
),	O
AHI	O
(	O
p	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
005	O
),	O
arousal	O
indexes	O
(	O
p	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
005	O
),	O
and	O
percentage	O
of	O
total	O
sleep	B-PROC
time	O
(	O
TST	O
)	O
with	O
oxygen	B-CHED
saturation	O
(	O
SpO2	O
)	O
<	O
90	O
%	O
(	O
p	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
005	O
)	O
in	O
both	O
groups	O
.	O

CPAP	O
significantly	O
improves	O
AHI	O
,	O
REM	B-PROC
duration	O
,	O
arousal	O
indexes	O
,	O
and	O
nocturnal	O
oxygen	B-CHED
desaturation	O
.	O

Some	O
subjects	O
with	O
OHS	B-DISO
continued	O
to	O
have	O
nocturnal	O
desaturation	O
despite	O
the	O
control	O
of	O
upper	B-DISO
airway	I-DISO
obstruction	I-DISO
;	O
other	O
mechanisms	O
may	O
contribute	O
.	O

Such	O
plasmids	O
are	O
stably	O
maintained	O
,	O
even	O
in	O
rich	O
medium	O
,	O
so	O
optimising	O
biomass	O
production	O
and	O
yields	O
of	O
recombinant	O
protein	B-CHED
.	O

Plasmid	O
copy	O
numbers	O
are	O
also	O
increased	O
by	O
limiting	O
selective	O
MOB1	B-PRGE
and	O
CDC28	B-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
expression	O
prior	O
to	O
induction	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Cell	B-ANAT
entry	O
by	O
enveloped	O
viruses	B-SPEC
:	O
redox	B-PROC
considerations	O
for	O
HIV	B-DISO
and	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
.	O

We	O
discuss	O
these	O
findings	O
and	O
their	O
implication	O
for	O
anti	O
-	O
HIV	B-DISO
therapy	O
.	O

Sixty	O
-	O
one	O
patients	O
with	O
PRIS	O
have	O
been	O
recorded	O
in	O
the	O
literature	O
,	O
with	O
deaths	B-PROC
in	O
20	O
paediatric	O
and	O
18	O
adult	O
patients	O
.	O

It	O
is	O
proposed	O
that	O
the	O
syndrome	B-DISO
may	O
be	O
caused	O
by	O
either	O
a	O
direct	O
mitochondrial	B-COMP
respiratory	I-COMP
chain	I-COMP
inhibition	B-PROC
or	O
impaired	B-DISO
mitochondrial	B-COMP
fatty	B-PATH
acid	I-PATH
metabolism	I-PATH
mediated	O
by	O
propofol	B-CHED
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
First	O
isolation	O
of	O
cytopathogenic	O
bovine	B-SPEC
torovirus	I-SPEC
in	O
cell	B-COMP
culture	O
from	O
a	O
calf	B-ANAT
with	O
diarrhea	B-DISO
.	O

An	O
antiserum	O
against	O
bovine	B-SPEC
torovirus	I-SPEC
(	O
BToV	O
)	O
reacted	O
with	O
the	O
infected	O
cells	B-COMP
by	O
immunofluorescence	O
and	O
neutralized	O
the	O
isolate	O
.	O

In	O
a	O
serological	O
survey	O
of	O
serum	B-COMP
samples	O
from	O
355	O
calves	O
at	O
33	O
farms	O
,	O
92	O
%	O
of	O
calves	O
were	O
positive	O
for	O
neutralizing	O
antibodies	B-COMP
to	O
the	O
isolate	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Although	O
a	O
significant	O
number	O
of	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
brain	O
injury	O
develop	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
,	O
only	O
intracranial	B-ANAT
risk	O
factors	O
have	O
previously	O
been	O
studied	O
.	O

In	O
addition	O
to	O
a	O
lower	O
Pao2	B-PRGE
/	O
Fio2	O
(	O
odds	O
ratio	O
0	O
.	O
98	O
,	O
95	O
%	O
confidence	O
interval	O
0	O
.	O
98	O
-	O
0	O
.	O
99	O
),	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
high	O
tidal	O
volume	O
(	O
odds	O
ratio	O
5	O
.	O
4	O
,	O
95	O
%	O
confidence	O
interval	O
1	O
.	O
54	O
-	O
19	O
.	O
24	O
)	O
and	O
relatively	O
high	O
respiratory	O
rate	O
(	O
odds	O
ratio	O
1	O
.	O
8	O
,	O
95	O
%	O
confidence	O
interval	O
1	O
.	O
13	O
-	O
2	O
.	O
86	O
)	O
were	O
independent	O
predictors	O
of	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
(	O
p	O
<	O
.	O
01	O
).	O

However	O
,	O
patients	O
with	O
SARS	B-DISO
homozygous	O
for	O
ICAM3	B-PRGE
Gly143	O
showed	O
significant	O
association	O
with	O
higher	O
lactate	O
dehydrogenase	O
levels	O
(	O
P	O
=.	O
0067	O
;	O
odds	O
ratio	O
[	O
OR	O
],	O
4	O
.	O
31	O
[	O
95	O
%	O
confidence	O
interval	O
{	O
CI	O
},	O
1	O
.	O
37	O
-	O
13	O
.	O
56	O
])	O
and	O
lower	O
total	O
white	B-ANAT
blood	I-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
counts	O
(	O
P	O
=.	O
022	O
;	O
OR	O
,	O
0	O
.	O
30	O
[	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
,	O
0	O
.	O
10	O
-	O
0	O
.	O
89	O
])	O
on	O
admission	O
.	O

Nasopharyngeal	B-ANAT
aspirate	I-ANAT
was	O
collected	O
and	O
assessed	O
by	O
polymerase	O
chain	O
reaction	O
(	O
PCR	O
)	O
and	O
viral	O
culture	O
.	O

Both	O
infections	B-DISO
have	O
crossed	O
the	O
species	B-SPEC
barrier	O
to	O
infect	O
humans	B-SPEC
.	O

The	O
first	O
outbreak	O
of	O
human	B-SPEC
cases	O
of	O
avian	B-DISO
influenza	I-DISO
was	O
reported	O
in	O
1997	O
in	O
Hong	O
Kong	O
.	O

Current	O
evidence	O
suggests	O
that	O
the	O
human	B-SPEC
-	O
to	O
-	O
human	B-SPEC
transmission	O
of	O
avian	B-DISO
influenza	I-DISO
is	O
rather	O
inefficient	O
,	O
but	O
mutation	O
might	O
occur	O
in	O
the	O
future	O
resulting	O
in	O
improved	O
transmission	O
and	O
possibly	O
a	O
pandemic	O
in	O
humans	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Detection	O
and	O
seroprevalence	O
of	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
strains	O
in	O
commercial	O
poultry	O
in	O
Pakistan	O
.	O

By	O
utilizing	O
such	O
diagnostic	O
techniques	O
it	O
is	O
possible	O
to	O
conduct	B-PROC
a	O
detailed	O
epidemiological	O
study	O
to	O
determine	O
the	O
full	O
economic	O
impact	O
of	O
this	O
disease	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
A	O
focus	O
formation	B-PROC
assay	O
(	O
FFA	B-CHED
)	O
for	O
detection	O
and	O
titration	O
of	O
porcine	B-SPEC
epidemic	I-SPEC
diarrhea	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
)	O
in	O
a	O
micro	O
-	O
culture	O
system	O
using	O
Vero	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
and	O
PAP	B-DISO
staining	O
technique	O
was	O
evaluated	O
.	O

A	O
linear	O
correlation	O
between	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
dilution	O
and	O
virus	B-SPEC
titer	O
determined	O
by	O
FFA	B-CHED
was	O
observed	O
between	O
the	O
range	O
of	O
10	O
and	O
30	O
foci	O
per	O
well	O
.	O

In	O
addition	O
,	O
FFA	B-CHED
had	O
higher	O
sensitivity	O
for	O
detecting	O
field	O
isolates	O
of	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
as	O
well	O
as	O
positive	O
identification	O
of	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
with	O
the	O
antibody	B-COMP
specific	O
reaction	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Restrictions	O
on	O
the	O
nonurgent	O
use	O
of	O
hospital	O
services	O
were	O
imposed	O
in	O
March	O
2003	O
to	O
control	O
an	O
outbreak	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
in	O
Toronto	O
,	O
Ont	B-CHED
.	O

The	O
rates	O
of	O
elective	O
cardiac	B-ANAT
procedures	O
declined	O
by	O
up	O
to	O
66	O
%	O
in	O
Toronto	O
and	O
by	O
71	O
%	O
in	O
the	O
comparison	O
regions	O
;	O
the	O
rates	O
of	O
urgent	O
and	O
semi	O
-	O
urgent	O
procedures	O
declined	O
little	O
or	O
increased	O
.	O

Moreover	O
,	O
we	O
determined	O
that	O
IgG	B-PRGE
receptors	I-PRGE
(	O
FcgammaRs	O
)	O
mediate	O
activity	O
of	O
anti	O
-	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
8	I-FUNC
:	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
8	I-FUNC
complexes	O
.	O

We	O
detected	O
complexes	O
between	O
anti	O
-	O
KC	O
autoantibodies	O
and	O
KC	O
in	O
lung	B-ANAT
lavages	O
and	O
tissues	B-ANAT
of	O
mice	B-SPEC
treated	O
with	O
LPS	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
in	O
the	O
chicken	B-SPEC
embryo	B-ANAT
related	O
cell	B-ANAT
line	I-ANAT
.	O

Extra	O
-	O
cellular	B-COMP
virus	B-SPEC
was	O
measured	O
by	O
virus	B-SPEC
titration	O
performed	O
on	O
chicken	B-SPEC
kidney	B-ANAT
cells	B-COMP
and	O
embryonated	O
chicken	B-SPEC
eggs	O
,	O
and	O
respective	O
titres	O
ranged	O
from	O
4	O
.	O
0	O
to	O
6	O
.	O
0	O
log10	O
EID50	O
/	O
ml	O
on	O
embryonated	O
chicken	O
eggs	O
,	O
and	O
from	O
2	O
.	O
0	O
to	O
6	O
.	O
0	O
log10	O
TCID50	O
/	O
ml	O
on	O
both	O
CER	B-CHED
cells	B-COMP
and	O
chicken	B-SPEC
kidney	B-ANAT
cells	B-COMP
studied	O
from	O
24	O
to	O
120	O
h	O
p	O
.	O
i	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
temporal	O
importance	O
of	O
prognostic	O
indicators	O
for	O
severe	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
has	O
not	O
been	O
studied	O
.	O

While	O
age	O
,	O
pulse	B-PROC
rate	I-PROC
and	O
neutrophil	B-ANAT
count	O
consistently	O
remained	O
significant	O
prognosticators	O
during	O
the	O
first	O
10	O
days	O
of	O
illness	O
,	O
the	O
prognostic	O
impact	O
of	O
other	O
derangements	O
was	O
more	O
time	O
-	O
course	O
dependent	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Do	O
glucocorticoids	B-CHED
decrease	O
mortality	O
in	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
?	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Glucocorticoids	O
have	O
been	O
shown	O
to	O
improve	O
survival	O
when	O
used	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
septic	B-DISO
shock	I-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Leptin	B-PRGE
treatment	O
ameliorates	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
in	O
rats	B-SPEC
with	O
cerulein	B-CHED
-	O
induced	O
acute	B-DISO
pancreatitis	I-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
determine	O
the	O
effect	O
of	O
exogenous	O
leptin	B-PRGE
on	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
(	O
ALI	O
)	O
in	O
cerulein	B-CHED
-	O
induced	O
acute	B-DISO
pancreatitis	I-DISO
(	O
AP	O
).	O

All	O
of	O
the	O
chest	B-ANAT
x	O
-	O
rays	B-SPEC
were	O
normal	O
on	O
the	O
day	O
of	O
the	O
chlorine	B-CHED
inhalation	B-PROC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
One	O
-	O
year	O
outcomes	O
and	O
health	O
care	O
utilization	O
in	O
survivors	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

We	O
evaluated	O
117	O
SARS	B-DISO
survivors	O
from	O
Toronto	O
,	O
Ontario	O
.	O

During	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
epidemic	O
,	O
informal	O
caregivers	O
reported	O
a	O
decline	O
of	O
1	O
.	O
6	O
SD	O
below	O
normal	O
on	O
the	O
mental	O
component	O
score	O
of	O
the	O
SF	O
-	O
36	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
host	B-COMP
innate	B-DISO
immune	I-DISO
response	I-DISO
is	O
an	O
important	O
deterrent	O
of	O
severe	O
viral	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
in	O
humans	B-SPEC
and	O
animals	B-SPEC
.	O

Retention	B-PROC
of	O
import	O
factors	O
at	O
the	O
ER	O
/	O
Golgi	B-COMP
membrane	I-COMP
leads	O
to	O
a	O
loss	O
of	O
STAT1	B-PRGE
transport	I-PRGE
into	O
the	O
nucleus	B-COMP
in	O
response	O
to	O
interferon	B-PATH
signaling	B-PROC
,	O
thus	O
blocking	B-DISO
the	O
expression	B-PROC
of	O
STAT1	B-PRGE
-	O
activated	O
genes	O
that	O
establish	O
an	O
antiviral	O
state	O
.	O

The	O
assay	O
detected	O
influenza	B-DISO
A	I-PATH
and	O
B	O
viruses	O
;	O
influenza	B-SPEC
A	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
subtypes	O
H1	O
,	O
H3	O
,	O
and	O
H5	O
(	O
including	O
subtype	O
H5N1	B-DISO
of	O
the	O
Asian	O
lineage	O
);	O
parainfluenza	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
types	O
1	O
,	O
2	O
,	O
3	O
,	O
and	O
4	O
;	O
respiratory	B-SPEC
syncytial	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
types	O
A	O
and	O
B	O
;	O
adenovirus	B-DISO
;	O
metapneumovirus	B-SPEC
;	O
rhinovirus	B-SPEC
;	O
enterovirus	B-SPEC
;	O
and	O
coronaviruses	O
OC43	O
,	O
229E	O
,	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
,	O
NL63	O
,	O
and	O
HKU1	O
.	O

After	O
resolution	O
of	O
discordant	O
results	O
by	O
using	O
a	O
second	O
unique	O
PCR	O
assay	O
and	O
by	O
using	O
a	O
combined	O
reference	O
standard	O
of	O
positivity	O
,	O
the	O
RVP	O
test	O
detected	O
180	O
of	O
183	O
true	O
positives	O
,	O
for	O
a	O
sensitivity	O
of	O
98	O
.	O
5	O
%,	O
whereas	O
DFA	B-CHED
and	O
culture	O
detected	O
only	O
126	O
of	O
183	O
true	O
positives	O
,	O
for	O
a	O
sensitivity	O
of	O
68	O
.	O
8	O
%.	O

The	O
RVP	O
test	O
should	O
improve	O
the	O
capabilities	O
of	O
hospital	O
and	O
public	O
health	O
laboratories	O
for	O
diagnosing	O
viral	O
respiratory	B-DISO
tract	I-DISO
infections	I-DISO
and	O
should	O
assist	O
public	O
health	O
agencies	O
in	O
identifying	O
etiologic	O
agents	O
in	O
respiratory	B-DISO
tract	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
outbreaks	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Attenuated	O
Salmonella	B-SPEC
enterica	I-SPEC
serovar	O
Typhi	O
strains	O
have	O
been	O
considered	O
to	O
be	O
attractive	O
as	O
potential	O
live	O
oral	B-ANAT
delivery	O
vector	O
vaccines	O
because	O
of	O
their	O
ability	O
to	O
elicit	O
the	O
full	O
array	O
of	O
immune	B-PROC
responses	I-PROC
in	O
humans	B-SPEC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Open	O
reading	O
frame	O
8a	O
of	O
the	O
human	B-SPEC
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
not	O
only	O
promotes	O
viral	O
replication	O
but	O
also	O
induces	O
apoptosis	B-PATH
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
etiologic	O
role	O
of	O
recently	O
identified	O
respiratory	O
viruses	O
for	O
acute	O
wheezing	B-DISO
in	O
children	O
is	O
not	O
yet	O
clear	O
.	O

Viruses	B-SPEC
were	O
found	O
in	O
61	O
.	O
5	O
%	O
(	O
142	O
/	O
231	O
)	O
of	O
the	O
study	O
population	O
and	O
a	O
single	O
virus	B-SPEC
was	O
detected	O
in	O
45	O
.	O
5	O
%	O
(	O
105	O
/	O
231	O
)	O
of	O
the	O
study	O
population	O
.	O

Rhinovirus	O
(	O
33	O
.	O
3	O
%),	O
human	B-SPEC
respiratory	I-SPEC
syncytial	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
hRSV	B-SPEC
;	O
13	O
.	O
8	O
%),	O
and	O
hBoV	O
(	O
13	O
.	O
8	O
%)	O
were	O
the	O
most	O
frequently	O
detected	O
viruses	B-SPEC
.	O

In	O
children	O
with	O
acute	O
wheezing	B-DISO
,	O
rhinovirus	B-SPEC
,	O
hRSV	B-SPEC
,	O
and	O
hBoV	O
were	O
most	O
frequently	O
detected	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
pandemic	O
caught	O
the	O
world	O
by	O
surprise	O
in	O
2003	O
and	O
spread	O
rapidly	O
within	O
a	O
relatively	O
short	O
period	O
of	O
time	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Mechanisms	O
and	O
clinical	O
consequences	O
of	O
critical	B-DISO
illness	I-DISO
associated	O
adrenal	B-DISO
insufficiency	I-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Adrenal	O
insufficiency	O
is	O
being	O
diagnosed	O
with	O
increasing	O
frequency	O
in	O
critically	B-DISO
ill	I-DISO
patients	O
.	O

Activation	O
of	O
the	O
hypothalamic	B-ANAT
-	I-ANAT
pituitary	I-ANAT
-	I-ANAT
adrenal	I-ANAT
axis	I-ANAT
with	O
the	O
production	O
of	O
cortisol	B-CHED
is	O
a	O
fundamental	O
component	O
of	O
the	O
stress	B-PATH
response	I-PATH
and	O
is	O
essential	O
for	O
survival	O
of	O
the	O
host	B-COMP
.	O

Both	O
inhibitors	B-CHED
form	O
an	O
unusual	O
thiiranium	O
ring	O
with	O
the	O
nucleophilic	O
sulfur	B-CHED
atom	I-CHED
of	O
Cys145	O
,	O
trapping	O
the	O
enzyme	O
'	O
s	O
catalytic	O
residues	O
in	O
configurations	O
similar	O
to	O
the	O
intermediate	O
states	O
proposed	O
to	O
exist	O
during	O
the	O
hydrolysis	O
of	O
native	O
substrates	O
.	O

Astrocytes	B-ANAT
in	O
the	O
adult	O
central	B-ANAT
nervous	I-ANAT
system	I-ANAT
up	O
-	O
regulated	O
class	B-SPEC
I	O
surface	O
expression	B-PROC
,	O
albeit	O
delayed	O
compared	O
with	O
microglia	B-ANAT
.	O

In	O
addition	O
,	O
a	O
blood	B-ANAT
sample	I-ANAT
was	O
taken	O
from	O
each	O
calf	B-ANAT
upon	O
enrollment	O
in	O
the	O
study	O
,	O
for	O
assessment	O
of	O
maternal	O
antibody	B-COMP
transfer	O
and	O
for	O
polymerase	O
chain	O
reaction	O
testing	O
for	O
persistent	O
bovine	B-SPEC
viral	I-SPEC
diarrhea	I-SPEC
virus	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
.	O

The	O
odds	O
of	O
diarrhea	B-DISO
in	O
calves	O
shedding	O
oocysts	O
that	O
had	O
been	O
allowed	O
to	O
remain	O
with	O
their	O
dams	O
for	O
more	O
than	O
an	O
hour	O
were	O
higher	O
than	O
the	O
odds	O
of	O
diarrhea	B-DISO
in	O
shedding	O
calves	O
that	O
had	O
been	O
separated	O
from	O
their	O
dams	O
within	O
an	O
hour	O
after	O
birth	B-PROC
.	O

Although	O
public	O
health	O
procedures	O
have	O
been	O
effective	O
in	O
combating	O
the	O
spread	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
,	O
concern	O
remains	O
about	O
the	O
possibility	O
of	O
a	O
recurrence	B-DISO
.	O

One	O
promising	O
approach	O
is	O
to	O
develop	O
small	O
molecule	O
inhibitors	B-CHED
of	O
the	O
essential	O
major	O
polyprotein	O
processing	O
protease	O
3Clpro	O
.	O

Finally	O
,	O
we	O
report	O
the	O
successful	O
rational	O
improvement	O
of	O
this	O
scaffold	O
with	O
second	O
generation	O
inhibitors	B-CHED
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Presenting	O
symptoms	O
,	O
clinical	O
course	O
and	O
paraclinical	O
findings	O
in	O
childhood	O
Guillain	O
-	O
Barré	O
syndrome	O
(	O
GBS	B-DISO
)	O
have	O
rarely	O
been	O
investigated	O
prospectively	O
.	O

Clinical	B-DISO
findings	I-DISO
were	O
recorded	O
using	O
an	O
ordinal	O
GBS	B-DISO
score	O
and	O
additional	O
scores	O
for	O
arm	B-ANAT
,	O
cranial	B-ANAT
nerve	I-ANAT
and	O
vegetative	O
function	O
,	O
and	O
pain	O
.	O

All	O
but	O
eight	O
were	O
treated	O
with	O
I	B-PRGE
.	I-PRGE
V	I-PRGE
.	I-PRGE
immunoglobulin	I-PRGE
.	O

Improvement	O
began	O
on	O
day	O
13	O
after	O
the	O
first	O
symptom	B-DISO
(	O
median	O
).	O

No	O
studies	O
have	O
examined	O
how	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
associated	I-DISO
coronavirus	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
loads	O
in	O
different	O
organs	B-ANAT
with	O
respect	O
to	O
time	O
,	O
post	O
-	O
mortem	O
.	O

The	O
ratio	O
reached	O
the	O
highest	O
value	O
of	O
equal	O
to	O
or	O
greater	O
than	O
one	O
for	O
lung	B-ANAT
and	O
small	B-ANAT
bowel	I-ANAT
,	O
whereas	O
those	O
for	O
heart	B-ANAT
,	O
liver	B-ANAT
,	O
spleen	B-ANAT
,	O
and	O
kidney	B-ANAT
were	O
always	O
less	O
than	O
one	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Emerging	O
occupational	O
lung	B-ANAT
infections	B-DISO
.	O

Regular	O
training	O
should	O
be	O
provided	O
by	O
all	O
health	O
care	O
institutions	O
on	O
infection	B-DISO
control	O
measures	O
and	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
personal	O
protective	O
equipment	O
.	O

Neurological	O
examination	O
showed	O
facial	B-DISO
weakness	I-DISO
,	O
lingual	B-ANAT
atrophy	B-DISO
and	O
bulbar	B-DISO
palsy	I-DISO
,	O
which	O
necessitated	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
a	O
feeding	O
tube	O
and	O
ventilatory	O
support	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Expression	B-PROC
of	O
CXC	O
chemokine	O
ligand	B-PROC
10	O
from	O
the	O
mouse	B-DISO
hepatitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
genome	O
results	O
in	O
protection	O
from	O
viral	O
-	O
induced	O
neurological	O
and	O
liver	O
disease	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
evaluate	O
the	O
outcomes	O
of	O
patients	O
with	O
head	O
and	O
neck	O
cancer	B-SPEC
and	O
severe	O
acute	O
illnesses	O
,	O
and	O
to	O
identify	O
characteristics	O
associated	O
with	O
hospital	O
mortality	O
.	O

The	O
main	O
sites	O
of	O
primary	B-DISO
tumor	I-DISO
were	O
oral	B-ANAT
cavity	I-ANAT
(	O
30	O
%),	O
larynx	B-DISO
(	O
25	O
%),	O
pharynx	B-ANAT
(	O
14	O
%)	O
and	O
thyroid	B-ANAT
(	O
9	O
%).	O

EPC	B-PRGE
were	O
localized	O
in	O
vessel	B-ANAT
walls	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
in	O
destructed	O
lung	B-ANAT
tissue	I-ANAT
.	O

Virtually	O
no	O
cells	B-COMP
were	O
found	O
in	O
the	O
right	B-ANAT
lung	I-ANAT
or	O
in	O
other	O
organs	B-ANAT
.	O

However	O
,	O
few	O
EPC	O
were	O
found	O
in	O
subcutaneous	O
Matrigel	O
in	O
transplanted	B-ANAT
rats	B-SPEC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
caused	O
a	O
worldwide	O
epidemic	O
in	O
late	O
2002	O
/	O
early	O
2003	O
and	O
a	O
second	O
outbreak	O
in	O
the	O
winter	O
of	O
2003	O
/	O
2004	O
by	O
an	O
independent	O
animal	B-SPEC
-	O
to	O
-	O
human	B-SPEC
transmission	O
.	O

These	O
antibodies	B-COMP
also	O
protected	O
mice	B-SPEC
challenged	O
with	O
the	O
Urbani	O
or	O
recombinant	O
viruses	B-SPEC
bearing	O
the	O
GD03	O
and	O
SZ16	O
spike	O
(	O
S	O
)	O
glycoproteins	B-CHED
.	O

Anti	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
C5a	I-PRGE
treatment	O
immediately	O
after	O
trauma	O
ameliorated	O
these	O
peaks	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
as	O
suggested	O
in	O
the	O
Naylor	O
report	O
,	O
issuing	O
a	O
travel	O
advisory	O
does	O
not	O
keep	O
infected	O
individuals	O
from	O
leaving	O
Toronto	O
and	O
such	O
individuals	O
account	O
for	O
5	O
of	O
6	O
cases	O
where	O
SARS	B-DISO
was	O
spread	O
from	O
Canada	O
.	O

The	O
2003	O
-	O
04	O
California	B-SPEC
variant	O
viruses	B-SPEC
were	O
not	O
compared	O
with	O
variants	O
isolated	O
in	O
California	B-SPEC
during	O
1970s	O
and	O
1980s	O
because	O
,	O
to	O
our	O
knowledge	O
,	O
no	O
genetic	O
information	O
is	O
available	O
and	O
those	O
viruses	B-SPEC
are	O
no	O
longer	O
obtainable	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Evaluation	O
of	O
the	O
effectiveness	O
of	O
two	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
vaccine	O
programs	O
for	O
preventing	O
disease	O
caused	O
by	O
a	O
California	O
IBV	B-SPEC
field	O
isolate	O
.	O

The	O
virus	B-SPEC
caused	O
late	O
-	O
onset	O
respiratory	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
and	O
increased	O
airsacculitis	B-DISO
condemnation	O
in	O
affected	O
flocks	O
despite	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
an	O
established	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
vaccination	O
program	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Avian	B-SPEC
metapneumovirus	I-SPEC
(	O
aMPV	O
),	O
Newcastle	B-SPEC
disease	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
NDV	B-SPEC
),	O
and	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
IBV	B-SPEC
)	O
are	O
important	O
respiratory	O
pathogens	O
of	O
chickens	B-SPEC
.	O

Despite	O
therapy	O
that	O
included	O
intravenous	O
antibiotics	B-CHED
,	O
intravenous	O
immune	O
globulin	O
and	O
other	O
supportive	O
measures	O
,	O
the	O
patient	O
succumbed	O
to	O
his	O
illness	O
.	O

As	O
rates	O
of	O
CA	O
-	O
MRSA	B-DISO
increase	O
worldwide	O
,	O
physicians	O
should	O
be	O
aware	O
of	O
the	O
potential	O
for	O
MRSA	B-DISO
to	O
cause	O
life	O
-	O
threatening	O
infections	B-DISO
in	O
patients	O
presenting	O
to	O
Canadian	O
emergency	B-DISO
departments	O
(	O
EDs	B-DISO
).	O

In	O
previous	O
studies	O
,	O
intravenously	O
administered	O
PAMP	O
had	O
variable	O
effects	O
on	O
specific	O
primary	O
and	O
secondary	O
immune	B-PROC
responses	I-PROC
of	O
poultry	O
to	O
systemically	O
administered	O
antigens	B-CHED
.	O

The	O
N	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
peptide	B-CHED
N220	I-PRGE
shows	O
a	O
high	O
binding	B-FUNC
affinity	O
towards	O
human	B-SPEC
MHC	B-PROC
class	B-SPEC
I	O
in	O
T2	O
-	O
cells	B-COMP
,	O
and	O
is	O
capable	O
of	O
activating	O
cytotoxic	O
T	B-ANAT
-	I-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
in	O
human	B-SPEC
peripheral	B-ANAT
blood	I-ANAT
mononuclear	I-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
(	O
PBMCs	O
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Global	O
infectious	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
surveillance	O
and	O
health	O
intelligence	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
TRALI	O
is	O
a	O
rare	O
but	O
serious	O
complication	B-DISO
associated	O
with	O
transfusion	O
,	O
and	O
known	O
to	O
occur	O
following	O
infusion	O
of	O
all	O
types	O
of	O
plasma	B-ANAT
-	O
containing	O
blood	B-ANAT
products	O
.	O

One	O
notable	O
exception	O
is	O
ACE2	O
residue	O
354	O
,	O
at	O
the	O
boundary	O
of	O
the	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
binding	B-FUNC
site	I-PRGE
,	O
whose	O
alteration	O
markedly	O
inhibited	O
utilization	O
by	O
the	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
NL63	I-SPEC
but	O
not	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
S	I-PRGE
proteins	B-CHED
.	O

Although	O
continuous	O
translation	B-PROC
and	O
proteolytic	B-PROC
processing	I-PROC
of	O
ORF1ab	O
by	O
Mpro	O
is	O
required	O
for	O
replication	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
unknown	O
whether	O
specific	O
cleavage	B-PROC
events	O
within	O
the	O
polyprotein	O
are	O
dispensable	O
.	O

Through	O
use	O
of	O
an	O
MHV	B-SPEC
reverse	O
genetics	O
system	O
,	O
in	O
-	O
frame	O
deletions	O
of	O
the	O
coding	O
sequences	O
for	O
nsp7	O
to	O
nsp10	O
,	O
or	O
ablation	O
of	O
their	O
flanking	O
Mpro	O
cleavage	B-PROC
sites	O
,	O
were	O
made	O
and	O
the	O
effects	O
upon	O
replication	O
were	O
determined	O
.	O

Disruption	O
of	O
the	O
cleavage	B-PROC
sites	O
was	O
lethal	O
with	O
the	O
exception	O
of	O
that	O
of	O
the	O
nsp9	O
-	O
nsp10	O
site	O
,	O
which	O
resulted	O
in	O
a	O
mutant	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
with	O
attenuated	O
replication	O
.	O

Passage	O
of	O
the	O
attenuated	O
nsp9	O
-	O
nsp10	O
cleavage	B-PROC
mutant	B-DISO
increased	O
fitness	O
to	O
near	O
-	O
wild	O
-	O
type	O
kinetics	O
without	O
reversion	O
to	O
a	O
virus	B-SPEC
capable	O
of	O
processing	O
nsp9	O
-	O
nsp10	O
.	O

The	O
mutant	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
was	O
not	O
viable	O
,	O
suggesting	O
that	O
the	O
uncleaved	O
protein	B-CHED
may	O
be	O
essential	O
for	O
replication	O
or	O
proteolytic	B-PROC
processing	I-PROC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Cell	B-ANAT
-	O
penetrating	O
peptide	B-CHED
-	O
morpholino	O
conjugates	O
alter	O
pre	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
mRNA	I-PROC
splicing	I-PROC
of	O
DMD	B-DISO
(	O
Duchenne	B-DISO
muscular	B-ANAT
dystrophy	I-DISO
)	O
and	O
inhibit	O
murine	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
replication	O
in	O
vivo	O
.	O

Shortening	O
the	O
CPP	O
length	O
,	O
modifying	O
it	O
with	O
a	O
mannosylated	O
serine	B-CHED
moiety	O
or	O
replacing	O
it	O
with	O
the	O
R	O
(	O
9	O
)	O
F	O
(	O
2	O
)	O
CPP	O
significantly	O
decreased	O
the	O
efficacy	O
of	O
the	O
resulting	O
PPMO	O
(	O
CPP	O
-	O
PMO	O
conjugate	O
).	O

The	O
purified	O
proteins	B-CHED
mixed	O
with	O
complete	O
Freund	O
adjuvant	B-CHED
were	O
injected	O
into	O
Balb	O
/	O
c	O
mice	B-SPEC
three	O
times	O
at	O
a	O
two	O
-	O
week	O
interval	O
.	O

High	O
titer	O
antibody	B-COMP
was	O
detected	O
in	O
the	O
serum	B-COMP
of	O
immunized	O
Balb	O
/	O
c	O
mice	B-SPEC
,	O
and	O
mice	B-SPEC
immunized	O
with	O
S1	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
produced	O
high	B-PRGE
titer	I-PRGE
IgG1	I-PRGE
,	O
IgG2a	B-COMP
,	O
IgG2b	B-COMP
and	O
IgG3	B-COMP
,	O
while	O
those	O
immunized	O
with	O
S2	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
produced	O
high	B-PRGE
titer	I-PRGE
IgG1	I-PRGE
,	O
IgG2a	B-COMP
,	O
but	O
lower	O
titer	O
IgG2b	B-PRGE
and	O
IgG3	B-COMP
.	O

Measures	O
currently	O
used	O
for	O
the	O
management	O
of	O
patients	O
with	O
SARS	B-DISO
include	O
isolation	O
,	O
ribavirin	B-CHED
,	O
corticosteroid	B-CHED
therapy	O
and	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
.	O

In	O
conclusion	O
,	O
the	O
results	O
suggest	O
that	O
the	O
chicken	B-SPEC
scFv	O
phage	O
display	O
system	O
can	O
be	O
a	O
potential	O
model	O
for	O
mass	O
production	O
of	O
high	O
-	O
affinity	O
antibodies	B-COMP
against	O
the	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
spike	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
most	O
striking	O
difference	O
between	O
the	O
subgenomic	O
mRNA8	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
isolated	O
from	O
human	B-SPEC
and	O
some	O
animal	B-SPEC
species	B-SPEC
is	O
the	O
deletion	O
of	O
29	O
nucleotides	B-CHED
,	O
resulting	O
in	O
splitting	O
of	O
a	O
single	O
ORF	O
(	O
ORF8	O
)	O
into	O
two	O
ORFs	O
(	O
ORF8a	O
and	O
ORF8b	O
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Retrospective	O
analysis	O
on	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
in	O
ICU	O
.	O

Totally	O
,	O
131	O
patients	O
(	O
2	O
.	O
5	O
%)	O
developed	O
ARDS	B-DISO
,	O
among	O
whom	O
,	O
12	O
patients	O
were	O
excluded	O
from	O
this	O
study	O
because	O
they	O
died	B-PROC
within	O
24	O
hours	O
and	O
other	O
4	O
patients	O
were	O
also	O
excluded	O
for	O
their	O
incomplete	O
information	O
.	O

ARDS	B-DISO
is	O
a	O
frequent	O
syndrome	B-DISO
in	O
this	O
cohort	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Totally	O
,	O
131	O
patients	O
(	O
2	O
.	O
5	O
%)	O
developed	O
ARDS	B-DISO
,	O
among	O
whom	O
,	O
12	O
patients	O
were	O
excluded	O
from	O
this	O
study	O
because	O
they	O
died	B-PROC
within	O
24	O
hours	O
and	O
other	O
4	O
patients	O
were	O
also	O
excluded	O
for	O
their	O
incomplete	O
information	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
clarify	O
the	O
molecular	O
basis	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
adaptation	B-PROC
to	O
different	O
host	B-COMP
species	B-SPEC
,	O
we	O
serially	O
passaged	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
in	O
rat	B-SPEC
angiotensin	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
converting	I-PRGE
enzyme	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
(	O
ACE2	B-PRGE
)-	O
expressing	O
cells	B-COMP
.	O

This	O
indicates	O
that	O
the	O
expression	O
system	O
of	O
the	O
plant	B-SPEC
is	O
capable	O
of	O
generating	O
a	O
sizable	O
amount	O
of	O
antigen	B-CHED
,	O
possibly	O
allowing	O
for	O
the	O
successful	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
an	O
edible	O
vaccine	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Biomarker	B-CHED
discovery	O
in	O
infectious	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
using	O
SELDI	O
.	O

It	O
has	O
been	O
used	O
to	O
discover	O
serum	B-COMP
or	O
tissue	B-ANAT
protein	B-CHED
signatures	O
and	O
biomarkers	O
for	O
infectious	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
in	O
the	O
fields	O
of	O
virology	O
(	O
hepatitis	B-DISO
B	I-DISO
and	O
C	O
viruses	B-SPEC
,	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
,	O
HIV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
1	I-SPEC
,	O
human	B-SPEC
T	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
cell	I-DISO
leukemia	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
-	O
1	O
and	O
BK	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
),	O
parasitology	O
(	O
trypanosomiasis	B-DISO
)	O
and	O
bacteriology	O
(	O
intra	O
-	O
amniotic	B-ANAT
inflammation	B-DISO
,	O
tuberculosis	B-PATH
and	O
bacterial	B-DISO
endocarditis	I-DISO
).	O

Careful	O
attention	O
to	O
experimental	O
design	O
,	O
sample	O
handling	O
and	O
storage	B-PROC
,	O
and	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
appropriate	O
internal	O
controls	O
is	O
crucial	O
to	O
success	O
.	O

Our	O
findings	O
suggest	O
that	O
specific	O
abietane	B-CHED
-	O
type	O
diterpenoids	B-CHED
and	O
lignoids	O
exhibit	O
strong	O
anti	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
SARS	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
effects	O
.	O

Each	O
of	O
these	O
plasmids	O
was	O
intradermally	O
administered	O
to	O
C57BL	O
/	O
6	O
mice	B-SPEC
in	O
three	O
separate	O
immunizations	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Activation	O
of	O
human	B-SPEC
monocytes	B-ANAT
after	O
infection	B-DISO
by	O
human	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
229E	I-SPEC
.	O

Moreover	O
,	O
productive	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
229E	I-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
of	O
primary	O
monocytes	B-ANAT
and	O
of	O
the	O
THP	B-CHED
-	O
1	O
monocytic	B-ANAT
cell	B-ANAT
line	I-ANAT
led	O
to	O
their	O
activation	O
,	O
as	O
indicated	O
by	O
the	O
production	O
of	O
pro	B-CHED
-	O
inflammatory	O
mediators	O
,	O
including	O
TNF	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
alpha	I-PRGE
,	O
CCL5	B-PRGE
,	O
CXCL10	B-PRGE
and	O
CXCL11	B-PRGE
and	O
MMP	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
9	I-PRGE
.	O

Here	O
we	O
show	O
that	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
and	O
MHV	B-SPEC
induce	O
endoplasmic	B-COMP
reticulum	I-COMP
(	O
ER	O
)	O
stress	O
and	O
Cxcl2	B-PRGE
mRNA	I-PRGE
transcription	B-PROC
during	O
infection	B-DISO
in	O
vitro	O
.	O

Data	O
on	O
morbidity	O
and	O
mortality	O
from	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
,	O
atypical	B-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
)	O
and	O
avian	B-DISO
influenza	I-DISO
are	O
analyzed	O
and	O
compared	O
with	O
World	O
Health	O
Organization	O
data	O
on	O
human	B-DISO
influenza	I-DISO
.	O

The	O
patient	O
'	O
s	O
medical	O
history	O
included	O
a	O
post	O
-	O
rheumatic	B-DISO
mitral	I-DISO
stenosis	I-DISO
.	O

Transesophageal	O
echocardiography	O
showed	O
a	O
severe	O
mitral	B-DISO
stenosis	I-DISO
,	O
mild	O
mitral	B-DISO
insufficiency	I-DISO
,	O
and	O
diminished	O
left	B-PROC
ventricular	I-PROC
function	I-PROC
,	O
hypokinetic	B-DISO
,	O
dilated	O
right	B-ANAT
ventricle	I-ANAT
,	O
and	O
a	O
severe	O
tricuspid	B-DISO
regurgitation	I-DISO
.	O

This	O
decision	O
was	O
totally	O
justified	O
by	O
the	O
unfeasible	O
CPB	O
weaning	B-PROC
off	O
.	O

Early	O
use	O
of	O
cardiorespiratory	O
support	O
with	O
veno	O
-	O
arterial	B-ANAT
ECMO	O
allows	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
and	O
right	B-ANAT
heart	I-ANAT
recovery	O
after	O
cardiac	B-ANAT
surgery	O
,	O
thus	O
avoiding	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
inotropic	O
drugs	O
and	O
complex	O
ventilatory	O
support	O
.	O

Apelin	B-PRGE
is	O
also	O
a	O
catalytic	O
substrate	O
for	O
angiotensin	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
converting	I-PRGE
enzyme	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
,	O
the	O
key	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
receptor	O
.	O

Here	O
we	O
report	O
the	O
generation	O
of	O
Apelin	B-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
-	O
targeted	B-PROC
mice	B-SPEC
.	O

Apelin	B-PRGE
mutant	B-DISO
mice	B-SPEC
are	O
viable	O
and	O
fertile	B-PROC
,	O
appear	O
healthy	O
,	O
and	O
exhibit	O
normal	O
body	B-ANAT
weight	O
,	O
water	B-CHED
and	O
food	B-PROC
intake	I-PROC
,	O
heart	B-ANAT
rates	O
,	O
and	O
heart	B-ANAT
morphology	O
.	O

Intriguingly	O
,	O
aged	O
Apelin	O
knockout	O
mice	B-SPEC
developed	O
progressive	O
impairment	B-DISO
of	O
cardiac	B-ANAT
contractility	O
associated	O
with	O
systolic	B-DISO
dysfunction	I-DISO
in	O
the	O
absence	O
of	O
histological	O
abnormalities	O
.	O

This	O
study	O
evaluated	O
the	O
incidence	O
of	O
ALI	O
and	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
in	O
mechanically	O
ventilated	O
CDS	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
criteria	O
for	O
ARDS	O
were	O
met	B-CHED
in	O
11	O
of	O
24	O
CDS	B-DISO
(	O
46	O
%)	O
and	O
in	O
21	O
of	O
317	O
of	O
controls	O
(	O
7	O
%;	O
OR	O
11	O
.	O
9	O
,	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
4	O
.	O
8	O
-	O
29	O
.	O
8	O
).	O

After	O
the	O
cat	B-SPEC
died	B-PROC
,	O
a	O
pathological	O
examination	O
revealed	O
nonsuppurative	O
encephalomyelitis	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
graphs	O
of	O
characteristic	O
distributions	O
of	O
dinucleotide	B-CHED
GC	O
for	O
the	O
coding	O
sequences	O
of	O
the	O
first	O
exon	O
of	O
beta	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
globin	I-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
of	O
eleven	O
different	O
species	B-SPEC
and	O
the	O
construction	O
of	O
phylogenetic	O
tree	O
of	O
twenty	O
four	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
genomes	O
illustrate	O
the	O
utility	O
of	O
the	O
approach	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Immune	B-PROC
responses	I-PROC
against	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
induced	O
by	O
virus	B-SPEC
-	I-ANAT
like	I-ANAT
particles	I-ANAT
in	O
mice	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Virus	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
like	I-PRGE
particles	I-PRGE
(	O
VLPs	B-ANAT
)	O
represent	O
a	O
promising	O
vaccine	O
against	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
CoV	O
).	O

In	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
recombinant	O
baculovirus	B-SPEC
vAcS	O
and	O
vAcME	O
were	O
constructed	O
to	O
express	O
the	O
S	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
and	O
the	O
M	O
and	O
E	O
proteins	B-CHED
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
CoV	O
,	O
respectively	O
.	O

Our	O
findings	O
demonstrate	O
that	O
SARS	B-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
VLPs	B-ANAT
are	O
immunogenic	O
and	O
can	O
elicit	O
strong	O
SARS	B-DISO
CoV	O
-	O
specific	O
humoral	O
and	O
cellular	B-PROC
immune	I-PROC
responses	I-PROC
in	O
mice	B-SPEC
.	O

After	O
the	O
onset	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
preeclampsia	I-DISO
,	O
the	O
pregnancy	O
was	O
terminated	O
but	O
the	O
patient	O
'	O
s	O
condition	B-DISO
continued	O
to	O
worsen	O
.	O

AGP	B-PRGE
plays	O
an	O
important	O
role	O
in	O
the	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
feline	O
infectious	O
peritonitis	O
(	O
FIP	B-DISO
)	O
and	O
may	O
also	O
be	O
useful	O
also	O
in	O
studies	O
of	O
FIP	B-DISO
pathogenesis	B-DISO
.	O

There	O
are	O
accumulating	O
data	O
that	O
some	O
of	O
these	O
new	O
pathogens	O
are	O
responsible	O
for	O
a	O
substantial	O
proportion	O
of	O
respiratory	B-DISO
tract	I-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
,	O
particularly	O
in	O
children	O
.	O

Data	O
obtained	O
with	O
truncated	O
ISG15	B-PRGE
and	O
hybrid	O
Ub	O
/	O
ISG15	B-PRGE
substrates	O
indicate	O
that	O
both	O
the	O
N	O
-	O
and	O
C	O
-	O
terminal	O
Ub	O
-	O
like	O
domains	O
of	O
ISG15	B-PRGE
contribute	O
to	O
this	O
preference	O
.	O

In	O
both	O
patients	O
,	O
the	O
frequency	O
of	O
CD4	B-PRGE
(+)	O
memory	B-PROC
T	B-ANAT
-	I-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
to	O
virus	B-SPEC
structural	O
proteins	B-CHED
and	O
anti	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
SARS	I-PRGE
coronavirus	B-SPEC
IgG	I-PRGE
levels	O
were	O
low	O
by	O
12	O
months	O
after	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

This	O
report	O
expands	O
our	O
understanding	O
of	O
the	O
specificity	O
and	O
duration	O
of	O
anti	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
SARS	I-PRGE
coronavirus	B-SPEC
CD4	I-PRGE
(+)	O
T	B-ANAT
-	I-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
immune	B-PROC
responses	I-PROC
.	O

Electron	O
microscopy	O
studies	O
of	O
rTGEV	O
-	O
DeltaE	O
infected	O
BHK	O
-	O
pAPN	O
-	O
E	O
(-)	O
cells	B-COMP
showed	O
that	O
only	O
immature	O
intracellular	B-COMP
virions	B-COMP
were	O
assembled	O
.	O

These	O
changes	O
were	O
associated	O
with	O
a	O
loss	O
in	O
total	O
protein	B-CHED
content	O
of	O
claudin	O
5	O
and	O
redistribution	O
of	O
ZO	O
-	O
1	O
from	O
the	O
cytoskeleton	B-COMP
to	O
the	O
membrane	B-COMP
and	O
the	O
cytosolic	B-COMP
and	O
nuclear	O
fractions	O
.	O

The	O
effect	O
of	O
nsp1	B-PRGE
on	O
MHV	B-SPEC
replication	O
in	O
vitro	O
and	O
in	O
vivo	O
was	O
analyzed	O
using	O
a	O
recombinant	O
MHV	B-SPEC
encoding	O
a	O
deletion	O
in	O
the	O
nsp1	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
coding	I-PRGE
sequence	I-PRGE
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
is	O
likely	O
mediated	O
by	O
disproportional	O
immune	B-PROC
responses	I-PROC
and	O
the	O
ability	O
of	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
to	O
circumvent	O
innate	B-PROC
immunity	I-PROC
.	O

Our	O
studies	O
emphasize	O
that	O
the	O
induction	O
of	O
early	O
IFN	B-PRGE
signaling	B-PROC
may	O
be	O
critical	O
to	O
confer	O
protection	O
against	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
CoV	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
and	O
highlight	O
the	O
strength	O
of	O
combining	O
functional	O
genomics	O
with	O
immunohistochemistry	O
to	O
further	O
unravel	O
the	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
.	O

Multiplex	O
real	O
-	O
time	O
reverse	B-PRGE
transcriptase	I-PRGE
(	O
RT	O
)-	O
PCR	O
was	O
developed	O
for	O
simultaneous	O
differential	O
quantification	O
of	O
each	O
virus	B-SPEC
in	O
a	O
single	O
reaction	O
tube	O
,	O
using	O
Cy5	O
-	O
and	O
FAM	O
-	O
labeled	O
TaqMan	O
-	O
probes	O
based	O
on	O
sequences	O
from	O
the	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
and	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
nucleocapsid	B-COMP
genes	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Angiosarcoma	B-DISO
is	O
a	O
rare	O
soft	O
-	O
tissue	B-ANAT
neoplasm	B-DISO
that	O
occurs	O
most	O
often	O
in	O
the	O
skin	B-ANAT
and	O
the	O
subcutaneous	B-ANAT
tissues	I-ANAT
but	O
very	O
rarely	O
in	O
the	O
gastrointestinal	B-ANAT
tract	I-ANAT
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Attachment	O
and	O
internalization	O
of	O
feline	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
peritonitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
in	O
feline	B-SPEC
blood	B-ANAT
monocytes	I-ANAT
and	O
Crandell	O
feline	B-SPEC
kidney	B-ANAT
cells	B-COMP
.	O

The	O
effects	O
of	O
dialysis	B-SPEC
dosage	O
were	O
evaluated	O
in	O
this	O
population	O
,	O
with	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
either	O
classic	O
or	O
slow	O
low	O
-	O
efficiency	O
hemodialysis	O
,	O
and	O
two	O
periods	O
/	O
treatment	O
plans	O
were	O
compared	O
:	O
2002	O
to	O
2003	O
/	O
delayed	O
,	O
alternate	O
-	O
day	O
dialysis	B-SPEC
(	O
DAdD	O
group	O
;	O
n	O
=	O
15	O
)	O
and	O
2004	O
to	O
2005	O
/	O
prompt	O
and	O
daily	O
dialysis	B-SPEC
(	O
PaDD	O
group	O
;	O
n	O
=	O
18	O
).	O

Mean	O
serum	B-COMP
urea	B-CHED
during	O
the	O
dialysis	B-SPEC
period	O
was	O
significantly	O
lower	O
in	O
the	O
PaDD	O
group	O
than	O
in	O
the	O
DAdD	O
group	O
.	O

Of	O
the	O
PaDD	O
group	O
patients	O
,	O
three	O
(	O
16	O
.	O
7	O
%)	O
died	B-PROC
,	O
compared	O
with	O
10	O
(	O
66	O
.	O
7	O
%)	O
of	O
the	O
DAdD	O
group	O
patients	O
.	O

On	O
the	O
basis	O
of	O
this	O
result	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
believed	O
that	O
alternate	O
-	O
day	O
hemodialysis	O
is	O
no	O
longer	O
appropriate	O
for	O
critically	B-DISO
ill	I-DISO
patients	O
with	O
Weil	B-DISO
'	I-DISO
s	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Prone	O
position	O
to	O
treat	O
bronchopleural	B-DISO
fistula	I-DISO
in	O
post	O
-	O
operative	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
.	O

Prone	O
position	O
associated	O
with	O
lung	B-ANAT
protective	O
strategy	O
was	O
implemented	O
during	O
16	O
-	O
18	O
h	O
daily	O
and	O
after	O
the	O
change	O
of	O
position	O
PaO2	O
/	O
FiO2	O
increased	O
of	O
35	O
%	O
and	O
PaCO2	O
-	O
PetCO2	O
decreased	O
about	O
40	O
%;	O
at	O
4th	O
day	O
under	O
treatment	O
,	O
the	O
subcutaneous	O
emphysema	O
and	O
pneumothorax	B-DISO
could	O
not	O
be	O
detected	O
either	O
clinically	O
or	O
radiologically	O
.	O

Our	O
5	O
-	O
year	O
ARDS	B-DISO
and	O
1	O
-	O
year	O
SARS	B-DISO
study	O
retention	B-PROC
rates	O
were	O
86	O
%	O
and	O
91	O
%,	O
respectively	O
,	O
using	O
these	O
methods	O
.	O

This	O
dynamic	O
behavior	O
did	O
not	O
arise	O
in	O
a	O
SARS	B-DISO
model	O
without	O
asymptomatic	O
infective	O
class	B-SPEC
studied	O
by	O
Hsu	O
and	O
Hsieh	O
(	O
SIAM	O
J	O
.	O
Appl	O
.	O

The	O
Virochip	O
detected	O
viruses	B-SPEC
in	O
a	O
higher	O
proportion	O
of	O
samples	O
(	O
65	O
%)	O
than	O
did	O
culture	O
isolation	O
(	O
17	O
%)	O
while	O
exhibiting	O
high	O
concordance	O
(	O
98	O
%)	O
with	O
and	O
comparable	O
sensitivity	O
(	O
97	O
%)	O
and	O
specificity	O
(	O
98	O
%)	O
to	O
pathogen	O
-	O
specific	O
polymerase	O
chain	O
reaction	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
The	O
Virochip	O
detected	O
viruses	B-SPEC
in	O
a	O
higher	O
proportion	O
of	O
samples	O
(	O
65	O
%)	O
than	O
did	O
culture	O
isolation	O
(	O
17	O
%)	O
while	O
exhibiting	O
high	O
concordance	O
(	O
98	O
%)	O
with	O
and	O
comparable	O
sensitivity	O
(	O
97	O
%)	O
and	O
specificity	O
(	O
98	O
%)	O
to	O
pathogen	O
-	O
specific	O
polymerase	O
chain	O
reaction	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
of	O
2	O
strains	O
of	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
T	O
and	O
N1	O
/	O
88	O
strains	O
)	O
was	O
studied	O
in	O
the	O
eggshell	O
-	O
forming	O
regions	O
of	O
the	O
oviduct	B-ANAT
of	O
commercial	O
laying	O
hens	O
.	O

Recently	O
,	O
carbohydrate	B-CHED
-	O
binding	B-FUNC
agents	O
(	O
CBA	B-CHED
)	O
were	O
shown	O
to	O
possess	B-DISO
antiviral	B-CHED
activity	O
towards	O
coronaviruses	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
The	O
membrane	B-COMP
protein	B-CHED
of	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
suppresses	O
NF	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
kappaB	I-PROC
activation	I-PROC
.	O

The	O
molecular	O
mechanism	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
pathogenesis	B-DISO
remains	O
elusive	O
.	O

Further	O
investigation	O
showed	O
M	O
protein	B-CHED
suppressed	O
Cox	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
expression	B-PROC
using	O
a	O
luciferase	B-ENZY
reporter	O
gene	O
assay	O
,	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
and	O
Western	O
blot	O
analysis	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Priming	O
with	O
SARS	B-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
S	I-PRGE
DNA	I-PRGE
and	O
boosting	O
with	O
SARS	B-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
S	I-PRGE
epitopes	I-PRGE
specific	O
for	O
CD4	B-PRGE
+	I-PRGE
and	O
CD8	B-PRGE
+	I-PRGE
T	O
cells	O
promote	O
cellular	B-PROC
immune	I-PROC
responses	I-PROC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
We	O
used	O
swine	B-SPEC
testicle	B-ANAT
(	O
ST	O
)	O
cells	B-COMP
infected	O
with	O
transmissible	O
gastroenteritis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
)	O
and	O
an	O
indirect	O
immunofluorescent	O
assay	O
with	O
antibodies	B-COMP
against	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
spike	O
and	O
nucleocapsid	B-COMP
proteins	B-CHED
to	O
screen	O
small	O
-	O
molecule	O
compounds	O
that	O
inhibit	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
replication	O
.	O

In	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
we	O
show	O
that	O
nonpathogenic	O
SIV	B-DISO
infection	B-DISO
of	O
sooty	B-SPEC
mangabeys	I-SPEC
(	O
SMs	B-DISO
),	O
a	O
natural	O
host	B-COMP
species	B-SPEC
for	O
SIV	B-DISO
,	O
is	O
also	O
associated	O
with	O
an	O
early	O
,	O
severe	O
,	O
and	O
persistent	O
depletion	O
of	O
memory	B-PROC
CD4	B-PRGE
+	I-PRGE
T	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
from	O
the	O
intestinal	B-ANAT
and	O
respiratory	O
mucosa	B-ANAT
.	O

Continuing	O
research	O
will	O
lead	O
to	O
a	O
better	O
understanding	O
of	O
the	O
regulation	B-PROC
of	I-PROC
cell	I-PROC
death	I-PROC
during	O
viral	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
and	O
the	O
identification	O
of	O
novel	O
antiviral	B-CHED
targets	O
.	O

Here	O
we	O
show	O
that	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
could	O
inhibit	O
both	O
virus	B-SPEC
-	O
and	O
interferon	B-PRGE
(	O
IFN	B-PRGE
)-	O
dependent	O
signaling	B-PROC
,	O
two	O
key	O
steps	O
of	O
the	O
antiviral	B-PROC
response	I-PROC
.	O

There	O
were	O
31	O
(	O
59	O
.	O
6	O
%)	O
males	O
and	O
ages	O
ranged	O
between	O
14	O
months	O
and	O
12	O
years	O
[	O
median	O
(	O
SD	O
)	O
6	O
.	O
5	O
(	O
2	O
.	O
49	O
)	O
years	O
];	O
ACS	B-FUNC
occurred	O
fairly	O
evenly	O
in	O
those	O
aged	O
between	O
2	O
and	O
10	O
years	O
.	O

Cross	O
-	O
sectional	O
Web	B-DISO
-	O
based	O
survey	O
.	O

Of	O
the	O
790	O
of	O
2	O
,	O
985	O
(	O
27	O
%)	O
of	O
physicians	O
who	O
responded	O
,	O
15	O
%,	O
6	O
%,	O
and	O
28	O
%	O
never	O
used	O
sedation	B-DISO
,	O
analgesia	B-DISO
,	O
or	O
hand	O
restraints	O
any	O
of	O
the	O
time	O
for	O
NPPV	O
patients	O
,	O
respectively	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
large	O
majority	O
reported	O
using	O
these	O
interventions	O
in	O
<	O
or	O
=	O
25	O
%	O
of	O
patients	O
.	O

Europeans	O
were	O
less	O
likely	O
to	O
use	O
a	O
benzodiazepine	B-CHED
alone	O
(	O
25	O
%	O
vs	O
.	O
39	O
%,	O
p	O
<	O
.	O
001	O
)	O
but	O
more	O
likely	O
to	O
use	O
an	O
opioid	O
alone	O
(	O
37	O
%	O
vs	O
.	O
26	O
%,	O
p	O
<	O
.	O
009	O
).	O

We	O
review	O
the	O
strong	O
evidence	O
supporting	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
noninvasive	O
ventilation	O
for	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
to	O
prevent	O
intubation	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
chronic	B-DISO
obstructive	I-DISO
pulmonary	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
exacerbations	O
or	O
acute	B-DISO
cardiogenic	I-DISO
pulmonary	I-DISO
edema	I-DISO
,	O
and	O
in	O
immunocompromised	O
patients	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
to	O
facilitate	O
extubation	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
chronic	B-DISO
obstructive	I-DISO
pulmonary	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
who	O
require	O
initial	O
intubation	O
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
Noninvasive	O
ventilation	O
has	O
assumed	O
an	O
important	O
role	O
in	O
managing	O
patients	O
with	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
.	O

This	O
outbreak	O
led	O
to	O
the	O
strengthening	O
of	O
surveillance	O
for	O
respiratory	O
viruses	B-SPEC
and	O
to	O
new	O
national	O
recommendations	O
for	O
influenza	B-DISO
vaccination	O
in	O
Colombia	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Acute	O
pancreatitis	O
represents	O
a	O
spectrum	O
of	O
disease	O
,	O
ranging	O
from	O
a	O
mild	O
,	O
transitory	O
illness	O
to	O
a	O
severe	O
,	O
rapidly	O
progressive	O
hemorrhagic	O
form	O
,	O
with	O
massive	B-DISO
necrosis	I-DISO
and	O
mortality	O
rates	O
of	O
up	O
to	O
24	O
%.	O

To	O
better	O
describe	O
outpatient	O
fatalities	O
due	O
to	O
acute	B-DISO
pancreatitis	I-DISO
that	O
present	O
as	O
sudden	O
,	O
unexpected	O
death	B-PROC
,	O
we	O
retrospectively	O
reviewed	O
the	O
autopsy	O
files	O
at	O
the	O
Institute	O
of	O
Legal	O
Medicine	B-CHED
,	O
University	O
of	O
Hamburg	O
,	O
Germany	O
,	O
from	O
2000	O
-	O
2004	O
.	O

Contrary	O
to	O
the	O
clinical	O
observations	O
of	O
a	O
clear	O
seasonal	O
variation	O
in	O
the	O
onset	O
of	O
acute	B-DISO
pancreatitis	I-DISO
,	O
we	O
found	O
no	O
correlation	O
between	O
death	B-PROC
due	O
to	O
acute	B-DISO
pancreatitis	I-DISO
and	O
a	O
specific	O
month	O
or	O
season	O
.	O

Conversely	O
,	O
in	O
the	O
present	O
study	O
,	O
the	O
majority	O
of	O
affected	O
individuals	O
died	B-PROC
during	O
the	O
very	O
early	O
phase	O
of	O
the	O
disease	O
.	O

While	O
gallstones	B-DISO
represent	O
the	O
main	O
etiologic	O
factor	O
in	O
most	O
larger	O
clinical	O
series	O
,	O
biliary	O
etiology	O
seems	O
to	O
play	O
only	O
a	O
minor	O
role	O
in	O
outpatient	O
deaths	B-PROC
undergoing	O
medicolegal	O
autopsies	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Babesiosis	B-DISO
is	O
a	O
tick	B-SPEC
-	O
borne	O
illness	O
caused	O
by	O
the	O
protozoan	O
Babesia	O
microti	O
.	O

The	O
evolution	B-PROC
was	O
complicated	O
:	O
pneumothorax	B-DISO
(	O
3	O
cases	O
),	O
hypokaliemia	O
(	O
3	O
cases	O
),	O
inappropriate	O
secretion	O
of	O
ADH	B-FUNC
syndrome	B-DISO
(	O
1	O
case	O
).	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Transfusion	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
related	I-DISO
acute	I-DISO
lung	I-DISO
injury	I-DISO
(	O
TRALI	B-DISO
)	O
is	O
a	O
serious	O
clinical	O
syndrome	B-DISO
associated	O
with	O
the	O
transfusion	O
of	O
plasma	B-ANAT
-	O
containing	O
blood	B-ANAT
components	I-ANAT
.	O

Most	O
of	O
the	O
donors	O
implicated	O
in	O
cases	O
of	O
TRALI	B-DISO
are	O
multiparous	O
women	O
.	O

Greater	O
knowledge	O
regarding	O
TRALI	B-DISO
on	O
the	O
part	O
of	O
clinicians	O
could	O
be	O
crucial	O
in	O
preventing	O
and	O
treating	O
this	O
severe	O
complication	O
of	O
blood	O
transfusion	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Impact	O
of	O
porcine	B-SPEC
group	B-SPEC
A	I-SPEC
rotavirus	I-SPEC
co	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
on	O
porcine	B-SPEC
epidemic	I-SPEC
diarrhea	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
pathogenicity	O
in	O
piglets	O
.	O

No	O
significant	O
differences	O
in	O
mean	O
VH	O
:	O
CD	O
ratio	O
and	O
clinical	O
symptoms	O
(	O
diarrhea	O
,	O
vomiting	B-DISO
,	O
dehydration	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
anorexia	B-DISO
)	O
were	O
observed	O
between	O
the	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
/	O
PGAR	O
-	O
infected	O
and	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
-	O
infected	O
groups	O
of	O
piglets	O
at	O
1	O
,	O
2	O
and	O
3	O
DPI	O
;	O
however	O
,	O
at	O
2	O
and	O
3	O
DPI	O
,	O
PGAR	O
was	O
detected	O
in	O
all	O
fecal	B-ANAT
samples	O
by	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
and	O
virus	B-SPEC
isolation	O
.	O

In	O
addition	O
to	O
the	O
four	O
beta	O
-	O
strands	O
and	O
two	O
alpha	O
-	O
helices	B-SPEC
that	O
are	O
common	O
to	O
ubiquitin	B-PROC
-	O
like	O
folds	O
,	O
the	O
globular	O
domain	O
of	O
nsp3a	O
contains	O
two	O
short	O
helices	B-SPEC
representing	O
a	O
feature	O
that	O
has	O
not	O
previously	O
been	O
observed	O
in	O
these	O
proteins	B-CHED
.	O

These	O
prospectively	O
collected	O
data	O
were	O
compared	O
with	O
data	O
of	O
a	O
matched	O
,	O
retrospective	O
group	O
without	O
NAC	B-COMP
treatment	O
.	O

Although	O
factors	O
contributing	O
to	O
the	O
highly	O
pathogenic	O
nature	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
remain	O
poorly	O
understood	O
,	O
it	O
has	O
been	O
reported	O
that	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
CoV	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
does	O
not	O
induce	O
type	O
I	O
interferons	O
(	O
IFNs	O
)	O
in	O
cell	B-COMP
culture	O
.	O

The	O
relationship	O
between	O
breastfeeding	B-PROC
and	O
cardiovascular	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
was	O
unclear	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
A	O
qualitative	O
study	O
of	O
the	O
duty	O
to	O
care	O
in	O
communicable	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
outbreaks	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
5	O
'-	O
O	O
-	O
masked	O
2	B-CHED
'-	I-CHED
deoxyadenosine	I-CHED
analogues	O
as	O
lead	B-CHED
compounds	I-CHED
for	O
hepatitis	B-SPEC
C	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
HCV	B-SPEC
)	O
therapeutic	O
agents	O
.	O

Among	O
these	O
,	O
several	O
5	O
'-	O
O	O
-	O
masked	O
analogues	O
of	O
6	O
-	O
chloropurine	O
-	O
2	O
'-	O
deoxyriboside	O
(	O
e	O
.	O
g	O
.,	O
5	O
'-	O
O	O
-	O
benzoyl	B-CHED
,	O
5	O
'-	O
O	O
-	O
p	O
-	O
methoxybenzoyl	O
,	O
and	O
5	O
'-	O
O	O
-	O
benzyl	B-CHED
analogues	O
)	O
were	O
found	O
to	O
exhibit	O
effective	O
anti	O
-	O
HCV	B-SPEC
activity	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Conductance	O
and	O
amantadine	B-CHED
binding	B-FUNC
of	O
a	O
pore	B-COMP
formed	O
by	O
a	O
lysine	B-CHED
-	O
flanked	O
transmembrane	B-COMP
domain	O
of	O
SARS	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
envelope	B-COMP
protein	B-CHED
.	O

We	O
have	O
shown	O
previously	O
that	O
the	O
topology	O
of	O
the	O
alpha	O
-	O
helical	O
putative	O
TM	O
domain	O
of	O
E	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
(	O
ETM	O
),	O
flanked	O
by	O
two	O
lysine	B-CHED
residues	O
at	O
C	O
and	O
N	O
termini	O
to	O
improve	O
solubility	O
,	O
is	O
consistent	O
with	O
a	O
regular	O
TM	O
alpha	O
-	O
helix	O
,	O
with	O
orientational	O
parameters	O
in	O
lipid	B-ANAT
bilayers	I-ANAT
that	O
are	O
consistent	O
with	O
a	O
homopentameric	O
model	O
.	O

Results	O
obtained	O
from	O
single	O
or	O
double	O
mutants	O
indicate	O
that	O
the	O
organization	O
of	O
the	O
transmembrane	B-COMP
pore	B-COMP
is	O
consistent	O
with	O
our	O
previously	O
reported	O
pentameric	O
alpha	O
-	O
helical	O
bundle	O
model	O
.	O

Challenging	O
this	O
is	O
the	O
position	O
that	O
purging	B-DISO
can	O
,	O
at	O
best	O
,	O
only	O
adapt	O
a	O
population	O
to	O
a	O
particular	O
environment	O
;	O
novel	O
selective	O
regimes	O
will	O
always	O
uncover	O
additional	O
inbreeding	B-PROC
load	O
.	O

We	O
investigated	O
factors	O
affecting	O
mortality	O
in	O
a	O
population	O
of	O
naked	B-SPEC
mole	I-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
rats	I-SPEC
struck	B-DISO
by	O
a	O
spontaneous	O
,	O
lethal	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
outbreak	O
.	O

Our	O
results	O
suggest	O
that	O
loss	O
of	O
genetic	O
diversity	O
through	O
inbreeding	B-PROC
may	O
render	O
populations	O
vulnerable	O
to	O
local	O
extinction	O
from	O
emerging	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
even	O
when	O
other	O
inbreeding	B-PROC
depression	B-DISO
symptoms	I-DISO
are	O
absent	O
.	O

There	O
were	O
no	O
significant	O
differences	O
in	O
FEV1	O
/	O
FVC	B-PROC
,	O
total	O
lung	B-PROC
capacity	I-PROC
(	O
TLC	O
),	O
diffusing	O
capacity	O
of	O
the	O
lung	B-ANAT
for	O
carbon	B-CHED
monoxide	I-CHED
(	O
DLCO	O
)	O
between	O
the	O
two	O
groups	O
(	O
all	O
P	O
>	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
).	O

PDC	B-DISO
of	O
patients	O
showed	O
up	O
-	O
regulated	O
IFN	B-PRGE
regulatory	I-PRGE
factor	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
7	I-PRGE
mRNA	I-PRGE
levels	O
and	O
evidence	O
of	O
in	O
vivo	O
activation	O
(	O
CD80	B-PRGE
)	O
and	O
maturation	B-PROC
(	O
CD83	B-PRGE
)	O
(	O
p	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
).	O

The	O
current	O
H5N1	B-DISO
epidemic	O
may	O
be	O
considered	O
a	O
prepandemic	O
paradigm	O
that	O
needs	O
thorough	O
investigation	O
.	O

Furthermore	O
,	O
administration	O
of	O
MSCs	B-FUNC
transfected	O
with	O
pANGPT1	O
resulted	O
in	O
nearly	O
complete	O
reversal	O
of	O
LPS	B-DISO
-	O
induced	O
increases	O
in	O
lung	B-ANAT
permeability	O
as	O
assessed	O
by	O
reductions	O
in	O
IgM	B-PRGE
and	O
albumin	B-PRGE
levels	O
in	O
BAL	B-ENZY
(	O
96	O
%,	O
CI	O
6	O
%-	O
185	O
%;	O
and	O
74	O
%,	O
CI	O
23	O
%-	O
126	O
%,	O
respectively	O
).	O

Fluorescently	O
tagged	O
MSCs	B-FUNC
were	O
detected	O
in	O
the	O
lung	B-ANAT
tissues	I-ANAT
by	O
confocal	O
microscopy	O
and	O
flow	O
cytometry	O
in	O
both	O
naïve	O
and	O
LPS	B-DISO
-	O
injured	O
animals	B-SPEC
up	O
to	O
3	O
d	O
.	O
Treatment	O
with	O
MSCs	B-FUNC
alone	O
significantly	O
reduced	O
LPS	B-DISO
-	O
induced	O
acute	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
inflammation	I-DISO
in	O
mice	B-SPEC
,	O
while	O
administration	O
of	O
pANGPT1	O
-	O
transfected	O
MSCs	B-FUNC
resulted	O
in	O
a	O
further	O
improvement	O
in	O
both	O
alveolar	B-ANAT
inflammation	B-DISO
and	O
permeability	O
.	O

RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
and	O
nested	O
PCR	O
using	O
the	O
primer	O
pairs	O
specific	O
to	O
the	O
nucleocapsid	B-COMP
gene	O
,	O
BCoVs	O
detected	O
the	O
BCoVs	O
in	O
56	O
(	O
15	O
.	O
6	O
%)	O
of	O
359	O
diarrhoeic	O
faecal	B-ANAT
samples	O
.	O

Primary	O
rat	B-SPEC
alveolar	B-ANAT
type	O
II	O
cells	B-COMP
were	O
transdifferentiated	O
into	O
the	O
type	B-ANAT
I	I-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
phenotype	O
.	O

Dual	O
immunolabeling	O
of	O
type	O
I	O
cells	B-COMP
for	O
viral	B-PRGE
antigen	I-PRGE
and	I-PRGE
CXC	I-PRGE
chemokines	I-PRGE
showed	O
that	O
chemokines	O
were	O
expressed	B-PROC
primarily	O
by	O
uninfected	O
cells	B-COMP
.	O

Virus	B-SPEC
-	O
induced	O
chemokine	O
expression	B-PROC
was	O
reduced	O
by	O
the	O
IL	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
receptor	I-PRGE
antagonist	B-PROC
,	O
suggesting	O
that	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
1	I-FUNC
produced	O
by	O
infected	O
cells	B-COMP
induces	O
uninfected	O
cells	B-COMP
to	O
express	O
chemokines	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Rapid	O
multiplex	O
nested	O
PCR	O
for	O
detection	O
of	O
respiratory	O
viruses	B-SPEC
.	O

The	O
high	O
speed	O
of	O
fast	B-FUNC
PCR	O
(	O
within	O
35	O
min	O
)	O
greatly	O
improved	O
the	O
efficiency	O
of	O
these	O
assays	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
often	O
patients	O
with	O
acute	O
,	O
severe	O
brain	B-ANAT
injury	O
demonstrate	O
intracranial	B-DISO
hypertension	I-DISO
(	O
hICP	O
)	O
due	O
to	O
a	O
variety	O
of	O
injuries	O
(	O
e	O
.	O
g	O
.,	O
traumatic	O
brain	B-ANAT
injury	O
,	O
mass	B-DISO
lesion	I-DISO
,	O
acute	O
hydrocephalus	B-DISO
).	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Ultraviolet	O
(	O
UV	O
)	O
germicidal	O
air	B-CHED
disinfection	O
is	O
an	O
engineering	O
method	O
used	O
to	O
control	O
the	O
airborne	O
transmission	O
of	O
pathogenic	O
microorganisms	O
in	O
high	O
-	O
risk	O
settings	O
.	O

We	O
confirmed	O
that	O
the	O
UV	O
disinfection	O
rate	O
differs	O
greatly	O
between	O
viral	O
aerosols	O
and	O
viruses	B-SPEC
suspended	O
in	O
liquid	O
.	O

While	O
its	O
clinical	O
manifestations	O
have	O
been	O
extensively	O
studied	O
,	O
its	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
is	O
not	O
yet	O
fully	O
understood	O
.	O

A	O
limited	O
number	O
of	O
autopsy	O
studies	O
have	O
revealed	O
that	O
the	O
lungs	B-ANAT
and	O
the	O
immune	B-ANAT
system	I-ANAT
are	O
the	O
organs	B-ANAT
that	O
sustain	O
the	O
most	O
severe	O
damage	O
.	O

We	O
used	O
the	O
previously	O
-	O
isolated	O
anti	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
DNA	I-PRGE
scFv	I-PRGE
,	O
3D8	O
,	O
as	O
a	O
target	O
protein	B-CHED
.	O

Complexes	O
containing	O
the	O
mRNA	B-CHED
pseudoknot	O
exhibited	O
a	O
higher	O
efficiency	O
of	O
affinity	O
selection	O
than	O
that	O
those	O
without	O
,	O
indicating	O
that	O
the	O
pseudoknot	O
improves	O
stability	O
of	O
the	O
mRNA	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
ribosome	B-COMP
-	I-PRGE
antibody	B-COMP
complex	O
in	O
a	O
eukaryotic	O
translation	O
system	O
.	O

Thus	O
,	O
in	O
order	B-SPEC
to	O
improve	O
the	O
efficiency	O
of	O
selection	O
,	O
this	O
relatively	O
short	O
pseudoknot	O
sequence	O
could	O
be	O
incorporated	O
into	O
ribosome	B-COMP
display	O
.	O

The	O
abdomen	B-ANAT
was	O
the	O
most	O
common	O
site	O
of	O
infections	B-DISO
(	O
72	O
.	O
3	O
%),	O
followed	O
by	O
lung	B-ANAT
(	O
52	O
.	O
8	O
%).	O

Other	O
than	O
the	O
microbiological	O
patterns	O
,	O
the	O
incidence	O
,	O
mortality	O
,	O
and	O
major	O
characteristics	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
sepsis	I-DISO
in	O
Chinese	O
surgical	O
intensive	O
care	O
units	O
are	O
close	O
to	O
those	O
documented	O
in	O
developed	O
countries	O
.	O

When	O
the	O
cat	B-SPEC
was	O
gently	O
restrained	O
for	O
blood	B-ANAT
sampling	O
,	O
the	O
skin	B-ANAT
on	O
the	O
dorsal	O
neck	B-ANAT
tore	O
,	O
leaving	O
a	O
15	O
cm	O
x	O
7	O
cm	O
flap	B-ANAT
of	O
skin	B-ANAT
.	O

Clinicopathological	O
abnormalities	O
included	O
nonregenerative	O
anaemia	B-DISO
,	O
hypoalbuminaemia	O
,	O
increased	O
globulin	O
concentration	O
,	O
and	O
mildly	O
elevated	O
aspartate	B-PRGE
aminotransferase	I-PRGE
and	O
alkaline	B-PRGE
phosphatase	I-PRGE
activities	O
.	O

Recently	O
,	O
horseshoe	B-SPEC
bats	I-SPEC
in	O
the	O
genus	B-SPEC
Rhinolophus	I-SPEC
have	O
been	O
identified	O
as	O
natural	O
reservoir	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
like	O
coronaviruses	O
.	O

13	O
,	O
17	O
and	O
13	O
sera	B-COMP
samples	O
were	O
collected	O
in	O
the	O
5th	O
,	O
20th	O
and	O
35th	O
month	O
after	O
onset	O
.	O

Results	O
showed	O
that	O
despite	O
the	O
fact	O
that	O
the	O
positive	O
rates	O
of	O
ELISA	O
antibody	B-COMP
were	O
100	O
%,	O
82	O
.	O
4	O
%	O
and	O
84	O
.	O
6	O
%	O
respectively	O
,	O
the	O
neutralizing	O
antibody	B-COMP
was	O
still	O
positive	O
for	O
all	O
the	O
samples	O
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
Results	O
of	O
the	O
study	O
indicated	O
that	O
the	O
neutralizing	O
antibody	B-COMP
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
cases	O
could	O
last	O
for	O
at	O
least	O
three	O
years	O
,	O
but	O
the	O
sera	B-COMP
specific	O
antibody	B-COMP
in	O
SARS	B-DISO
cases	O
decreased	O
gradually	O
when	O
time	O
went	O
by	O
.	O

A	O
42	O
-	O
year	O
-	O
old	O
kidney	B-ANAT
transplant	I-ANAT
recipient	O
experienced	O
on	O
postoperative	O
day	O
10	O
a	O
dehiscence	B-PROC
of	O
the	O
ureterovesical	O
anastomosis	B-DISO
,	O
associated	O
with	O
a	O
7	O
-	O
cm	O
longitudinal	O
tear	B-ANAT
graft	B-ANAT
on	O
the	O
lower	O
pole	B-ANAT
of	O
the	O
kidney	B-ANAT
and	O
an	O
ureteral	O
ischemia	B-DISO
.	O

A	O
subtotal	O
colectomy	O
with	O
Hartmann	O
'	O
s	O
procedure	O
was	O
performed	O
,	O
but	O
the	O
patient	O
died	B-PROC
13	O
days	O
later	O
of	O
a	O
multiple	B-DISO
organ	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
.	O

Structural	O
analysis	O
of	O
the	O
inhibitor	B-CHED
-	O
bound	O
X	O
-	O
ray	B-SPEC
structure	O
revealed	O
high	O
binding	B-FUNC
affinity	O
toward	O
the	O
enzyme	O
.	O

In	O
-	O
frame	O
partial	O
or	O
complete	O
deletions	O
of	O
nsp4	B-PRGE
;	O
deletions	O
of	O
TM1	O
,	O
-	O
2	O
,	O
and	O
-	O
3	O
;	O
and	O
alanine	B-CHED
substitutions	O
of	O
multiple	O
conserved	O
,	O
clustered	O
,	O
charged	O
residues	O
in	O
nsp4	O
resulted	O
in	O
viruses	B-SPEC
that	O
were	O
nonrecoverable	O
,	O
viruses	B-SPEC
highly	O
impaired	B-DISO
in	O
growth	B-PROC
and	O
RNA	B-PROC
synthesis	I-PROC
,	O
and	O
viruses	B-SPEC
that	O
were	O
nearly	O
wild	O
type	O
in	O
replication	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Primary	O
coenzyme	O
Q	O
(	O
10	O
)	O
(	O
CoQ	B-CHED
(	O
10	O
))	O
deficiency	O
includes	O
a	O
group	O
of	O
rare	O
autosomal	B-COMP
recessive	O
disorders	O
primarily	O
characterized	O
by	O
neurological	O
and	O
muscular	B-ANAT
symptoms	O
.	O

Rarely	O
,	O
glomerular	B-ANAT
involvement	O
has	O
been	O
reported	O
.	O

Of	O
the	O
14	O
recipients	O
,	O
the	O
data	O
from	O
11	O
were	O
evaluable	B-DISO
for	O
engraftment	B-PROC
after	O
TLI	O
-	O
based	O
reconditioning	O
because	O
3	O
adults	O
died	O
early	O
(	O
at	O
Day	O
2	O
,	O
5	O
,	O
and	O
15	O
)	O
after	O
the	O
second	O
transplantation	O
of	O
infectious	B-DISO
complications	O
.	O

Engraftment	B-PROC
in	O
4	O
adults	O
was	O
seen	O
after	O
a	O
median	O
of	O
12	O
days	O
(	O
range	O
,	O
10	O
-	O
18	O
)	O
and	O
occurred	O
after	O
a	O
median	O
of	O
10	O
days	O
(	O
range	O
,	O
9	O
-	O
32	O
)	O
in	O
the	O
7	O
children	O
.	O

Despite	O
engraftment	B-PROC
in	O
the	O
4	O
remaining	O
adults	O
,	O
1	O
died	B-PROC
of	O
fatal	O
graft	B-ANAT
-	O
vs	O
.-	O
host	B-COMP
disease	O
,	O
1	O
of	O
infectious	B-DISO
complications	O
,	O
1	O
of	O
disease	O
relapse	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
1	O
of	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
We	O
report	O
on	O
a	O
5	O
-	O
week	O
-	O
old	O
male	O
infant	O
with	O
recurrent	O
respiratory	O
distress	O
since	O
birth	B-PROC
and	O
congenital	O
thymic	B-DISO
hyperplasia	I-DISO
.	O

Seventeen	O
HSS	B-DISO
patients	O
were	O
hospitalized	O
in	O
a	O
pediatric	O
outpatient	O
clinic	O
of	O
a	O
major	O
academic	O
medical	O
center	O
in	O
Hong	O
Kong	O
,	O
between	O
March	O
20	O
and	O
May	O
28	O
,	O
2003	O
,	O
during	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Discovery	O
of	O
herpesviruses	B-SPEC
in	O
bats	B-SPEC
.	O

The	O
sequences	O
of	O
six	O
bat	B-ENZY
GHV	O
were	O
similarly	O
related	O
to	O
members	O
of	O
the	O
gammaherpesvirus	O
genera	O
Percavirus	B-SPEC
and	O
Rhadinovirus	B-SPEC
.	O

The	O
seventh	O
GHV	O
was	O
related	O
to	O
the	O
porcine	B-SPEC
lymphotropic	O
herpesvirus	B-SPEC
1	O
(	O
genus	B-SPEC
Macavirus	B-SPEC
).	O

In	O
COPD	O
exacerbations	O
with	O
moderate	O
to	O
severe	O
hypercapnic	B-DISO
encephalopathy	I-DISO
,	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
NPPV	O
performed	O
by	O
an	O
experienced	O
team	O
compared	O
to	O
CMV	B-SPEC
leads	O
to	O
similar	O
short	O
and	O
long	O
-	O
term	O
survivals	O
with	O
a	O
reduced	O
nosocomial	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
rate	O
and	O
duration	O
of	O
ventilation	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Cyclophosphamide	B-CHED
-	O
induced	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

Recently	O
identified	O
human	B-SPEC
metapneumovirus	I-SPEC
and	O
human	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
NL63	I-SPEC
are	O
important	O
pathogens	O
in	O
community	O
-	O
based	O
illness	O
in	O
children	O
,	O
particularly	O
in	O
those	O
who	O
attend	O
child	O
care	O
.	O

Influenza	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
and	O
adenovirus	B-DISO
illnesses	O
had	O
the	O
greatest	O
impact	O
,	O
with	O
fever	B-PROC
in	O
more	O
than	O
three	O
quarters	O
and	O
requiring	O
,	O
on	O
average	O
,	O
>	O
1	O
local	O
doctor	O
visit	O
per	O
illness	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
RNA	B-PROC
interference	I-PROC
and	O
antiviral	B-CHED
therapy	O
.	O

RNAi	B-PROC
uses	O
short	O
double	O
-	O
stranded	O
RNA	O
(	O
dsRNA	B-CHED
)	O
to	O
trigger	O
degradation	O
or	O
translation	B-PROC
repression	O
of	O
homologous	B-PRGE
RNA	I-PRGE
targets	I-PRGE
in	O
a	O
sequence	O
-	O
specific	O
manner	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
High	O
-	O
cell	B-COMP
-	O
passage	O
canine	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
vaccine	O
providing	O
sterilising	O
immunity	B-PROC
.	O

Two	O
seronegative	O
and	O
virus	B-SPEC
-	O
negative	O
dogs	B-SPEC
served	O
as	O
unvaccinated	O
controls	O
.	O

Faecal	B-ANAT
samples	O
were	O
collected	O
daily	O
from	O
the	O
vaccinated	O
dogs	B-SPEC
after	O
the	O
first	O
and	O
second	O
inoculations	O
.	O

In	O
doing	O
this	O
,	O
some	O
unfounded	O
beliefs	O
related	O
to	O
influenza	B-DISO
vaccines	O
and	O
antiviral	B-CHED
treatment	O
and	O
prophylaxis	O
are	O
explored	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Cytosine	B-CHED
deamination	O
and	O
selection	O
of	O
CpG	O
suppressed	O
clones	O
are	O
the	O
two	O
major	O
independent	O
biological	O
forces	O
that	O
shape	O
codon	O
usage	O
bias	O
in	O
coronaviruses	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Using	O
the	O
complete	O
genome	O
sequences	O
of	O
19	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
genomes	O
,	O
we	O
analyzed	O
the	O
codon	O
usage	O
bias	B-SPEC
,	O
dinucleotide	B-CHED
relative	O
abundance	O
and	O
cytosine	B-CHED
deamination	O
in	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
genomes	O
.	O

,	O
numerous	O
researchers	O
around	O
the	O
world	O
have	O
been	O
working	O
relentlessly	O
to	O
understand	O
the	O
biology	O
of	O
this	O
virus	B-SPEC
.	O

As	O
in	O
other	O
coronaviruses	O
,	O
nucleocapsid	B-COMP
(	O
N	O
)	O
is	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
most	O
crucial	O
structural	O
components	O
of	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
.	O
Hence	O
major	O
attention	O
has	O
been	O
focused	O
on	O
characterization	O
of	O
this	O
protein	B-CHED
.	O

In	O
addition	O
,	O
many	O
reports	O
also	O
suggest	O
that	O
this	O
protein	B-CHED
interferes	O
with	O
different	O
cellular	B-COMP
pathways	B-PROC
,	O
thus	O
implying	O
it	O
to	O
be	O
a	O
key	O
regulatory	O
component	O
of	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
too	O
.	O

It	O
was	O
found	O
that	O
low	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
avidity	I-PRGE
IgG	I-PRGE
antibodies	I-PRGE
were	O
detected	O
in	O
15	O
/	O
15	O
(	O
100	O
%),	O
1	O
/	O
5	O
(	O
20	O
%),	O
and	O
0	O
/	O
8	O
(	O
0	O
%)	O
serum	B-COMP
samples	O
collected	O
during	O
the	O
first	O
,	O
third	O
,	O
and	O
ninth	O
months	O
after	O
the	O
onset	O
of	O
symptoms	O
,	O
respectively	O
.	O

The	O
results	O
showed	O
that	O
assays	O
to	O
detect	O
low	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
avidity	I-PRGE
antibody	I-PRGE
may	O
be	O
useful	O
for	O
discriminating	O
early	O
from	O
late	O
antibody	B-PROC
responses	I-PROC
and	O
also	O
for	O
distinguishing	O
anamnestic	O
cross	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
reactive	I-PROC
antibody	B-PROC
responses	I-PROC
from	O
primary	O
specific	O
responses	O
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
Healthcare	O
workers	O
who	O
had	O
been	O
actively	O
involved	O
in	O
SARS	B-DISO
work	O
were	O
more	O
""""	O
positive	O
""""	O
in	O
responding	O
to	O
the	O
impending	O
avian	B-SPEC
influenza	B-DISO
epidemic	I-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Historical	O
sources	O
for	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
Glycyrrhiza	B-SPEC
species	B-SPEC
include	O
ancient	O
manuscripts	O
from	O
China	O
,	O
India	O
and	O
Greece	O
.	O

Three	O
samples	O
from	O
mother	O
-	O
child	O
couples	O
,	O
maternal	O
vaginal	B-ANAT
(	O
VM	O
)	O
and	O
respiratory	O
(	O
RM	O
)	O
samples	O
during	O
labor	B-PROC
;	O
newborn	O
gastric	B-ANAT
sample	O
(	O
GNN	O
),	O
were	O
assessed	O
for	O
viral	O
analysis	O
using	O
real	O
time	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
for	O
the	O
detection	O
of	O
HCoV	O
229	O
-	O
E	O
and	O
OC43	O
.	O

For	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
NL63	I-SPEC
,	O
the	O
percentages	O
of	O
seropositive	O
individuals	O
were	O
45	O
.	O
2	O
%	O
for	O
infants	O
<	O
2	O
months	O
old	O
;	O
11	O
.	O
1	O
%	O
for	O
infants	O
2	O
-	O
3	O
months	O
old	O
;	O
4	O
.	O
7	O
%	O
for	O
infants	O
4	O
-	O
5	O
months	O
old	O
;	O
28	O
.	O
6	O
-	O
40	O
.	O
0	O
%	O
for	O
infants	O
6	O
-	O
12	O
months	O
old	O
;	O
25	O
.	O
0	O
-	O
70	O
.	O
3	O
%	O
for	O
individuals	O
1	O
-	O
20	O
years	O
old	O
.	O

Infection	B-DISO
with	O
these	O
viruses	B-SPEC
is	O
common	O
in	O
childhood	O
though	O
the	O
prevalence	O
of	O
these	O
viruses	O
may	O
vary	O
from	O
year	O
to	O
year	O
.	O

The	O
complete	O
N	O
and	O
E	O
gene	O
sequences	O
of	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
NL63	I-SPEC
were	O
amplified	O
from	O
clinical	O
sample	O
by	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
,	O
then	O
were	O
cloned	O
into	O
the	O
pCF	O
-	O
T	O
and	O
pUCm	O
-	O
T	O
vectors	O
respectively	O
and	O
sequenced	O
.	O

In	O
conclusion	O
,	O
the	O
recombinant	O
plasmids	O
pCF	O
-	O
T	O
-	O
8081	O
N	O
and	O
pUCm	O
-	O
T	O
-	O
8081	O
E	O
were	O
successfully	O
constructed	O
and	O
sequenced	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
data	O
predicted	O
by	O
bioinformatics	O
are	O
helpful	O
for	O
the	O
further	O
analysis	O
of	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
NL63	I-SPEC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Expression	B-PROC
of	O
recombinant	O
spike	O
protein	B-CHED
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
in	O
vaccinia	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
and	O
analysis	O
of	O
its	O
immunogenicity	O
].	O

HeLa	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
infected	O
with	O
rWR	O
-	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
S	O
also	O
showed	O
high	O
sensitivity	O
in	O
detecting	O
specific	O
serum	B-COMP
antibody	B-COMP
by	O
indirect	O
immunofluoresence	O
assay	O
(	O
IFA	O
).	O

The	O
M	O
genes	O
of	O
twenty	O
isolates	O
were	O
composed	O
of	O
672	O
to	O
681	O
nucleotides	B-CHED
,	O
encoding	O
polypeptides	B-CHED
of	O
223	O
to	O
226	O
amino	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
residues	O
.	O

There	O
were	O
deletions	O
or	O
insertions	O
in	O
the	O
M	O
gene	O
of	O
Chinese	O
isolates	O
at	O
amino	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
position	O
2	O
to	O
6	O
,	O
leading	O
to	O
the	O
loss	O
or	O
gain	O
of	O
a	O
glycosylation	B-PROC
site	O
.	O

Furthermore	O
,	O
recombination	O
especially	O
the	O
recombination	B-PROC
between	O
field	O
isolates	O
and	O
vaccine	O
strains	O
had	O
been	O
observed	O
while	O
comparing	O
the	O
phylogeny	O
of	O
M	O
genes	O
with	O
those	O
of	O
S1	O
and	O
N	O
genes	O
.	O

We	O
estimated	O
the	O
duration	O
time	O
until	O
10	O
beds	O
in	O
negative	O
pressure	O
rooms	O
in	O
Chiyoda	O
-	O
ku	O
,	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
23	O
wards	O
in	O
Tokyo	O
,	O
were	O
fully	O
occupied	O
with	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
infected	O
patients	O
.	O

There	O
is	O
a	O
possibility	O
that	O
an	O
epidemic	O
will	O
occur	O
with	O
the	O
isolation	O
of	O
the	O
index	O
case	O
even	O
at	O
early	O
days	O
if	O
the	O
infection	B-DISO
is	O
transmitted	B-DISO
outside	O
the	O
hospital	O
.	O

With	O
improved	O
prenatal	O
and	O
obstetrical	O
care	O
and	O
improved	O
/	O
less	O
invasive	O
ventilatory	O
support	O
,	O
severe	O
BPD	O
is	O
now	O
rarely	O
seen	O
in	O
infants	O
born	O
after	O
32	O
weeks	O
gestational	O
age	O
,	O
but	O
it	O
is	O
still	O
the	O
most	O
frequent	O
complication	B-DISO
to	O
severe	O
prematurity	O
.	O

Selected	O
recent	O
publications	O
on	O
BPD	B-DISO
,	O
with	O
focus	O
on	O
etiology	O
,	O
prophylaxis	O
,	O
management	O
and	O
more	O
recent	O
diagnostic	O
criteria	O
form	O
the	O
basis	O
for	O
the	O
article	O
and	O
discussions	O
.	O

As	O
a	O
consequence	O
,	O
present	O
strategies	O
for	O
prevention	O
or	O
treatment	O
of	O
BPD	B-DISO
have	O
so	O
far	O
been	O
of	O
only	O
limited	O
success	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Bacterial	O
and	O
viral	O
upper	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
infections	I-DISO
(	O
URI	O
)	O
produce	O
highly	O
variable	O
clinical	O
symptoms	O
that	O
cannot	O
be	O
used	O
to	O
identify	O
the	O
etiologic	O
agent	O
.	O

The	O
assay	O
was	O
developed	O
to	O
detect	O
four	O
bacterial	O
pathogens	O
(	O
Bordetella	B-SPEC
pertussis	I-SPEC
,	O
Streptococcus	B-SPEC
pyogenes	I-SPEC
,	O
Chlamydia	B-SPEC
pneumoniae	I-SPEC
and	O
Mycoplasma	B-SPEC
pneumoniae	I-SPEC
)	O
and	O
9	O
viral	O
pathogens	O
(	O
adenovirus	B-DISO
4	O
,	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
OC43	O
,	O
229E	O
and	O
HK	O
,	O
influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
and	O
B	O
,	O
parainfluenza	B-DISO
types	O
1	O
,	O
2	O
,	O
and	O
3	O
and	O
respiratory	B-SPEC
syncytial	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
.	O

These	O
results	O
demonstrate	O
that	O
mNsp15	O
is	O
required	O
for	O
optimal	O
infection	B-DISO
by	O
MHV	B-SPEC
.	O

Here	O
,	O
the	O
lymphopenia	O
can	O
be	O
documented	O
as	O
an	O
important	O
characteristic	O
of	O
blood	B-ANAT
picture	O
in	O
the	O
patients	O
with	O
SARS	B-DISO
or	O
it	O
can	O
indicate	O
that	O
""""	O
SARS	B-DISO
is	O
a	O
viral	O
-	O
induced	O
lymphopenia	B-DISO
disease	O
"""."	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Cold	B-PROC
antibody	B-COMP
autoimmune	B-DISO
hemolytic	I-DISO
anemias	I-DISO
.	O

In	O
contrast	O
,	O
there	O
were	O
significantly	O
weaker	O
cellular	B-PROC
immune	I-PROC
responses	I-PROC
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
less	O
antibody	B-PROC
production	I-PROC
than	O
in	O
the	O
control	O
groups	O
.	O

It	O
is	O
still	O
tradition	O
in	O
certain	O
parts	O
of	O
the	O
Middle	O
East	O
and	O
is	O
gaining	O
popularity	O
in	O
the	O
United	O
Kingdom	B-SPEC
,	O
the	O
United	O
States	O
,	O
and	O
The	O
Netherlands	O
to	O
curb	B-DISO
excessive	O
crying	O
.	O

To	O
overcome	O
the	O
problems	O
we	O
encountered	O
in	O
the	O
existing	O
databases	O
during	O
comparative	O
sequence	O
analysis	O
,	O
we	O
built	O
a	O
comprehensive	O
database	O
,	O
CoVDB	O
(	O
http	O
://	O
covdb	O
.	O
microbiology	O
.	O
hku	O
.	O
hk	O
),	O
of	O
annotated	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
genes	O
and	O
genomes	O
.	O

We	O
analyzed	O
this	O
cross	O
-	O
reactivity	O
by	O
an	O
enzyme	O
-	O
linked	O
immunosorbent	O
assay	O
(	O
ELISA	O
)	O
and	O
Western	O
blot	O
analysis	O
using	O
specific	O
antisera	O
to	O
animal	B-SPEC
CoVs	O
and	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
and	O
SARS	B-DISO
patient	O
convalescent	O
-	O
phase	O
or	O
negative	O
sera	B-COMP
.	O

The	O
observed	O
cross	O
-	O
reactivity	O
is	O
not	O
a	O
consequence	O
of	O
a	O
higher	O
level	O
of	O
amino	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
identity	O
between	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
and	O
porcine	B-SPEC
CoV	O
nucleoproteins	O
,	O
because	O
sequence	O
comparisons	O
indicated	O
that	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
N	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
has	O
amino	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
identity	O
similar	O
to	O
that	O
of	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
N	O
protein	B-CHED
and	O
shares	O
a	O
higher	O
level	O
of	O
identity	O
with	O
bovine	B-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
N	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
within	O
the	O
cross	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
reactive	I-PROC
region	O
.	O

We	O
speculate	O
that	O
during	O
natural	O
infection	B-DISO
,	O
antibodies	B-COMP
target	O
similar	O
short	O
antigenic	O
sites	O
within	O
the	O
N	O
proteins	B-CHED
of	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
and	O
porcine	B-PRGE
group	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
CoVs	I-PRGE
that	O
are	O
exposed	O
to	O
an	O
immune	B-PROC
response	I-PROC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Antiviral	B-CHED
antibodies	B-COMP
are	O
necessary	O
to	O
prevent	O
cytotoxic	B-ANAT
T	I-ANAT
-	I-ANAT
lymphocyte	I-ANAT
escape	O
in	O
mice	B-SPEC
infected	O
with	O
a	O
coronavirus	O
.	O

The	O
prevalence	O
of	O
the	O
CD14	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
159CC	I-PRGE
polymorphism	B-PROC
was	O
significantly	O
higher	O
in	O
the	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
SARS	B-DISO
than	O
in	O
the	O
those	O
with	O
mild	O
SARS	B-DISO
or	O
controls	O
(	O
31	O
%	O
versus	O
15	O
%	O
[	O
mild	O
SARS	B-DISO
]	O
or	O
20	O
%	O
[	O
controls	O
];	O
mild	O
SARS	B-DISO
:	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
029	O
;	O
odds	O
ratio	O
,	O
2	O
.	O
74	O
;	O
95	O
%	O
confidence	O
interval	O
,	O
1	O
.	O
15	O
to	O
6	O
.	O
57	O
;	O
controls	O
,	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
04	O
;	O
odds	O
ratio	O
,	O
2	O
.	O
41	O
;	O
95	O
%	O
confidence	O
interval	O
,	O
1	O
.	O
05	O
to	O
5	O
.	O
54	O
),	O
and	O
both	O
CD14	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
159CC	I-PRGE
and	O
FcgammaRIIA	O
-	O
RR131	O
are	O
risk	O
genotypes	O
for	O
severe	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
CoV	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
.	O

Virus	B-SPEC
isolation	O
,	O
hemagglutination	B-PROC
and	O
receptor	O
-	O
destroying	O
enzyme	B-FUNC
activity	I-FUNC
showed	O
that	O
the	O
buffalo	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
BuCoV	O
)	O
is	O
closely	O
related	O
to	O
BCoV	O
but	O
possesses	B-DISO
some	O
different	O
biological	O
properties	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
T	B-ANAT
lymphocytes	I-ANAT
or	O
anti	O
-	O
viral	O
antibody	B-COMP
can	O
induce	O
disease	O
in	O
infected	O
immunodeficient	B-DISO
mice	B-SPEC
.	O

The	O
univariate	O
analysis	O
and	O
multivariate	O
analysis	O
demonstrated	O
that	O
the	O
clinical	O
conditions	O
such	O
as	O
elder	B-SPEC
age	O
,	O
shock	O
,	O
dyspnea	B-DISO
,	O
abnormal	O
arterial	B-ANAT
blood	I-ANAT
gas	O
,	O
hemopneumothorax	B-DISO
,	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
contusion	O
,	O
flail	B-DISO
chest	I-DISO
,	O
coexisting	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
,	O
multiple	O
abdominal	B-ANAT
injury	O
and	O
high	O
ISS	B-DISO
score	O
were	O
the	O
independent	O
high	O
risk	O
factors	O
related	O
to	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
evaluate	O
the	O
prevalence	O
of	O
the	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
among	O
blunt	O
trauma	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
traumatic	O
brain	B-ANAT
injury	O
(	O
TBI	O
)	O
and	O
to	O
determine	O
if	O
ARDS	B-DISO
is	O
associated	O
with	O
higher	O
mortality	O
,	O
morbidity	O
and	O
worse	O
discharge	B-ANAT
outcome	O
.	O

Outcomes	O
including	O
complications	O
,	O
mortality	O
and	O
discharge	B-ANAT
disability	O
were	O
compared	O
between	O
the	O
two	O
groups	O
.	O

There	O
were	O
no	O
differences	O
between	O
the	O
two	O
groups	O
with	O
respect	O
to	O
age	O
,	O
sex	O
,	O
ISS	B-DISO
,	O
Glasgow	O
coma	B-DISO
score	O
(	O
GCS	O
),	O
head	B-ANAT
,	O
abdomen	B-ANAT
and	O
extremity	B-ANAT
AIS	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
TBI	B-DISO
+	I-DISO
ARDS	I-DISO
group	O
had	O
significantly	O
more	O
patients	O
with	O
chest	B-ANAT
AIS	B-DISO
>	O
or	O
=	O
3	O
(	O
57	O
.	O
1	O
%	O
versus	O
32	O
.	O
1	O
%,	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
03	O
).	O

During	O
study	O
year	O
1	O
,	O
43	O
(	O
5	O
.	O
9	O
%)	O
of	O
734	O
patients	O
with	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
had	O
HCoV	O
infections	B-DISO
;	O
72	O
.	O
1	O
%	O
of	O
the	O
infections	B-DISO
were	O
with	O
OC43	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Development	B-PROC
of	O
vaccines	O
to	O
prevent	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
is	O
limited	O
by	O
the	O
lack	O
of	O
well	O
-	O
characterized	O
animal	B-SPEC
models	O
.	O

All	O
of	O
the	O
ferrets	B-SPEC
cleared	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
by	O
day	O
14	O
,	O
1	O
week	O
earlier	O
if	O
vaccinated	O
.	O

The	O
ferret	B-SPEC
may	O
provide	O
another	O
useful	O
model	O
for	O
evaluating	O
SARS	B-DISO
vaccine	O
safety	O
and	O
efficacy	O
.	O

These	O
putative	O
lung	B-ANAT
stem	B-ANAT
/	O
progenitor	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
can	O
also	O
be	O
identified	O
in	O
some	O
non	O
-	O
SARS	B-DISO
individuals	O
and	O
can	O
be	O
infected	O
by	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
ex	O
vivo	O
.	O

Infection	B-DISO
of	O
these	O
cells	B-COMP
may	O
contribute	O
to	O
the	O
loss	O
of	O
lung	B-ANAT
repair	B-PROC
capacity	O
that	O
leads	O
to	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
as	O
clinically	O
observed	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Despite	O
airway	B-ANAT
pressure	O
limitation	O
,	O
acute	O
cor	O
pulmonale	O
persists	O
in	O
a	O
minority	O
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
patients	O
.	O

The	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
DRESS	O
was	O
immediately	O
suspected	O
as	O
the	O
patient	O
had	O
been	O
treated	O
for	O
acne	B-DISO
with	O
minocycline	B-CHED
for	O
28	O
days	O
,	O
and	O
IV	O
corticosteroids	B-CHED
(	O
2	O
mmg	O
/	O
kg	O
/	O
day	O
)	O
were	O
initiated	O
.	O

The	O
outcome	O
was	O
uncertain	O
for	O
the	O
following	O
6	O
weeks	O
with	O
serious	O
disturbance	O
of	O
hepatic	O
and	O
renal	B-PROC
function	I-PROC
.	O

Respiratory	O
physicians	O
should	O
be	O
aware	O
of	O
this	O
syndrome	B-DISO
as	O
lung	B-ANAT
involvement	O
can	O
be	O
serious	O
and	O
may	O
precede	O
cutaneous	O
symptoms	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Factors	O
associated	O
with	O
critical	O
-	O
care	O
healthcare	O
workers	O
'	O
adherence	O
to	O
recommended	O
barrier	O
precautions	O
during	O
the	O
Toronto	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
outbreak	O
.	O

All	O
patients	O
with	O
SARS	B-DISO
who	O
required	O
intubation	O
during	O
the	O
Toronto	O
SARS	B-DISO
outbreak	O
in	O
2003	O
.	O

The	O
8a	O
polypeptide	B-CHED
is	O
likely	O
to	O
remain	O
in	O
the	O
cytoplasm	B-COMP
,	O
as	O
it	O
is	O
too	O
small	O
for	O
its	O
signal	O
sequence	O
to	O
function	O
and	O
will	O
therefore	O
be	O
directly	O
released	O
from	O
the	O
ribosome	B-COMP
.	O

Our	O
data	O
indicate	O
that	O
the	O
phosphorylated	O
form	O
of	O
the	O
IBV	B-SPEC
N	O
protein	B-CHED
plays	O
a	O
role	O
in	O
virus	B-SPEC
biology	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
3C	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
like	I-PRGE
main	I-PRGE
proteinase	I-PRGE
of	O
the	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
,	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
M	I-PRGE
(	I-PRGE
pro	B-CHED
),	I-PRGE
is	O
widely	O
considered	O
to	O
be	O
a	O
major	O
drug	O
target	O
for	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
anti	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
SARS	I-PRGE
treatment	O
.	O

The	O
docking	B-PROC
results	O
suggest	O
two	O
major	O
modes	O
for	O
the	O
initial	O
binding	B-FUNC
of	O
these	O
inhibitors	B-CHED
to	O
the	O
active	O
site	O
of	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
M	I-PRGE
(	I-PRGE
pro	B-CHED
).	I-PRGE

Reverse	B-PRGE
transcriptase	I-PRGE
-	O
polymerase	O
chain	O
reaction	O
(	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
)	O
on	O
the	O
partial	O
ORF3	O
gene	O
including	O
51	O
nucleotide	B-CHED
deletions	O
revealed	O
that	O
all	O
PEDVs	O
fell	O
into	O
two	O
types	O
,	O
wild	O
-	O
and	O
attenuated	O
-	O
type	O
PEDVs	O
.	O

The	O
virtue	O
ethics	O
movement	B-PROC
stresses	O
the	O
need	O
to	O
consider	O
not	O
only	O
rules	O
and	O
outcomes	O
but	O
also	O
the	O
character	O
of	O
the	O
individual	O
(	O
s	O
)	O
involved	O
.	O

Previously	O
,	O
it	O
was	O
thought	O
that	O
direct	O
transmission	B-PROC
of	I-PROC
virus	I-PROC
from	O
bird	B-SPEC
to	O
human	B-SPEC
could	O
not	O
take	O
place	O
,	O
but	O
it	O
came	O
to	O
be	O
true	O
in	O
1997	O
,	O
in	O
Hong	O
Kong	O
.	O

In	O
severe	O
cases	O
death	B-PROC
occurs	O
due	O
to	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
and	O
multiple	O
organ	B-ANAT
involvement	O
.	O

Herein	O
,	O
we	O
show	O
that	O
""""	O
immature	O
""""	O
F4	O
/	O
80	O
(+)	O
Ly	O
-	O
6C	O
(	O
hi	O
)	O
monocytes	B-ANAT
are	O
the	O
first	O
cells	B-COMP
,	O
along	O
with	O
neutrophils	B-ANAT
,	O
to	O
enter	O
the	O
MHV	B-SPEC
-	O
JHM	O
-	O
infected	O
central	B-ANAT
nervous	I-ANAT
system	I-ANAT
(	O
CNS	B-CHED
).	O

Furthermore	O
,	O
CDllc	O
(+)	O
and	O
F4	O
/	O
80	O
(+)	O
macrophages	B-ANAT
and	O
microglia	B-ANAT
are	O
localized	O
to	O
areas	O
of	O
demyelination	B-DISO
,	O
in	O
some	O
instances	O
directly	O
associated	O
with	O
damaged	O
axons	B-COMP
.	O

Complete	O
protection	O
by	O
IBV	B-SPEC
vaccination	O
was	O
provided	O
by	O
the	O
homologous	O
strain	O
but	O
sufficient	O
respiratory	O
protection	O
was	O
not	O
provided	O
by	O
the	O
commercial	O
vaccines	O
.	O

A	O
major	O
nosocomial	O
hMPV	B-SPEC
outbreak	O
involving	O
HCWs	O
occurred	O
during	O
the	O
early	O
SARS	B-DISO
epidemic	O
.	O

The	O
median	O
and	O
mean	O
amount	O
subjects	O
reported	O
being	O
willing	O
to	O
pay	O
for	O
a	O
SARS	B-DISO
vaccine	O
was	O
US	O
$	O
1762	O
and	O
US	O
$	O
720	O
,	O
respectively	O
.	O

We	O
found	O
that	O
they	O
efficiently	O
inhibited	O
SCoV	O
infection	B-DISO
of	O
the	O
protease	O
-	O
mediated	O
cell	B-COMP
surface	I-COMP
pathway	B-PROC
but	O
had	O
little	O
effect	O
on	O
the	O
endosomal	O
pathway	B-PROC
.	O

This	O
finding	O
suggests	O
that	O
sHRPs	O
may	O
effectively	O
prevent	O
infection	O
in	O
the	O
lungs	B-ANAT
,	O
where	O
SCoV	O
infection	B-DISO
could	O
be	O
enhanced	O
by	O
proteases	O
produced	O
in	O
this	O
organ	B-ANAT
.	O

This	O
is	O
the	O
first	O
observation	O
that	O
HRP	B-PRGE
exhibits	O
different	O
effects	O
on	O
virus	B-SPEC
that	O
takes	O
the	O
endosomal	O
pathway	B-PROC
and	O
virus	B-SPEC
that	O
enters	O
directly	O
from	O
the	O
cell	B-COMP
surface	I-COMP
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
and	O
optimal	O
treatments	O
for	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
are	O
unclear	O
,	O
although	O
corticosteroids	B-CHED
were	O
used	O
to	O
reduce	O
lung	B-ANAT
and	O
systemic	O
inflammation	B-DISO
.	O

Because	O
the	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
pathology	I-DISO
of	O
porcine	B-SPEC
respiratory	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
PRCV	B-SPEC
)	O
in	O
pigs	B-SPEC
resembles	O
SARS	B-DISO
,	O
we	O
used	O
PRCV	B-SPEC
as	O
a	O
model	O
to	O
clarify	O
the	O
effects	O
of	O
the	O
corticosteroid	B-CHED
dexamethasone	B-CHED
(	O
DEX	O
)	O
on	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
CoV	O
)-	O
induced	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
.	O

In	O
PRCV	O
/	O
DEX	O
pigs	B-SPEC
,	O
significantly	O
milder	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
,	O
fewer	O
PRCV	O
-	O
positive	O
cells	B-COMP
,	O
and	O
lower	O
viral	O
RNA	O
titers	O
were	O
present	O
in	O
lungs	B-ANAT
early	O
at	O
PID	B-DISO
2	O
;	O
however	O
,	O
at	O
PID	B-DISO
4	O
,	O
10	O
,	O
and	O
21	O
,	O
severe	O
bronchointerstitial	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
,	O
significantly	O
higher	O
numbers	O
of	O
PRCV	O
-	O
positive	O
cells	B-COMP
,	O
and	O
higher	O
viral	O
RNA	O
titers	O
were	O
observed	O
compared	O
to	O
results	O
for	O
PRCV	O
/	O
PBS	B-DISO
pigs	B-SPEC
.	O

The	O
six	O
case	O
-	O
control	O
studies	O
suggested	O
that	O
implementing	O
barriers	O
to	O
transmission	O
,	O
isolation	O
,	O
and	O
hygienic	O
measures	O
are	O
effective	O
at	O
containing	O
respiratory	O
virus	B-SPEC
epidemics	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Trauma	O
-	O
associated	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
differs	O
clinically	O
and	O
biologically	O
from	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
due	O
to	O
other	O
clinical	O
disorders	O
.	O

Compared	O
with	O
patients	O
with	O
other	O
clinical	O
risks	O
for	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
,	O
trauma	O
patients	O
were	O
younger	O
and	O
generally	O
less	O
acutely	O
and	O
chronically	B-DISO
ill	I-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
A	O
CXCL2	B-PRGE
polymorphism	B-PROC
is	O
associated	O
with	O
better	O
outcomes	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	B-DISO
sepsis	I-DISO
.	O

An	O
exploratory	O
analysis	O
of	O
the	O
effect	O
of	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
distress	O
syndrome	O
on	O
mortality	O
showed	O
a	O
relative	O
risk	O
of	O
2	O
.	O
60	O
in	O
the	O
HC	O
group	O
(	O
p	O
=	O
.	O
0004	O
),	O
while	O
in	O
the	O
nonhomozygote	O
carriers	O
(	O
NHC	B-DISO
)	O
group	O
the	O
relative	O
risk	O
was	O
3	O
.	O
34	O
(	O
p	O
=	O
.	O
0001	O
).	O

Our	O
data	O
suggest	O
that	O
a	O
tandem	O
repeat	O
polymorphism	B-PROC
(	O
AC	O
)	O
n	O
at	O
position	O
-	O
665	O
in	O
the	O
CXCL2	B-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
may	O
be	O
an	O
independent	O
predictor	O
of	O
mortality	O
for	O
severe	B-DISO
sepsis	I-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Six	O
-	O
month	O
survival	O
of	O
patients	O
with	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
:	O
prospective	O
cohort	O
study	O
.	O

Multiple	O
logistic	O
regression	O
analysis	O
identified	O
underlying	O
Charlson	O
comorbidity	O
score	O
(	O
odds	O
ratio	O
3	O
.	O
11	O
,	O
95	O
%	O
confidence	O
interval	O
2	O
.	O
01	O
-	O
5	O
.	O
05	O
)	O
for	O
each	O
point	O
increase	O
,	O
transfer	O
admission	O
from	O
the	O
floor	O
or	O
outside	O
hospital	O
(	O
odds	O
ratio	O
3	O
.	O
75	O
,	O
95	O
%	O
confidence	O
interval	O
1	O
.	O
41	O
-	O
10	O
.	O
99	O
),	O
day	O
3	O
cardiovascular	B-ANAT
failure	O
(	O
odds	O
ratio	O
3	O
.	O
30	O
,	O
95	O
%	O
confidence	O
interval	O
1	O
.	O
19	O
-	O
9	O
.	O
92	O
),	O
and	O
day	O
3	O
Pao2	B-PRGE
/	O
Fio2	O
(	O
odds	O
ratio	O
0	O
.	O
94	O
,	O
95	O
%	O
confidence	O
interval	O
0	O
.	O
88	O
-	O
0	O
.	O
99	O
)	O
as	O
significant	O
predictors	O
of	O
6	O
-	O
month	O
mortality	O
.	O

With	O
the	O
implementation	O
of	O
recent	O
advances	O
in	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
and	O
supportive	O
care	O
,	O
premorbid	O
condition	B-DISO
is	O
the	O
most	O
important	O
determinant	O
of	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
survival	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
in	O
contrast	O
to	O
control	O
animals	B-SPEC
,	O
animals	B-SPEC
with	O
lower	O
tidal	O
volumes	O
and	O
interventional	O
lung	B-ANAT
assist	O
had	O
severe	O
ventilation	O
/	O
perfusion	O
mismatch	O
,	O
as	O
indicated	O
by	O
increased	O
perfusion	O
to	O
lung	B-ANAT
areas	O
with	O
a	O
low	O
ventilation	O
/	O
perfusion	O
ratio	O
(	O
p	O
<	O
.	O
05	O
).	O

Rapid	O
progress	O
was	O
made	O
in	O
describing	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
genome	O
,	O
evolution	B-PROC
and	O
lifecycle	O
.	O

Only	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
has	O
recently	O
been	O
introduced	O
to	O
the	O
human	B-SPEC
population	O
;	O
the	O
other	O
two	O
have	O
been	O
circulating	O
in	O
humans	B-SPEC
for	O
a	O
long	O
time	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
Orf3a	O
protein	B-CHED
interacts	O
with	O
caveolin	B-PRGE
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
orf3a	O
(	O
also	O
called	O
X1	O
or	O
U274	O
)	O
gene	O
is	O
the	O
largest	O
unique	O
open	O
reading	O
frame	O
in	O
the	O
severe	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
genome	O
and	O
has	O
been	O
proposed	O
to	O
encode	O
a	O
protein	B-CHED
with	O
three	O
transmembrane	B-COMP
domains	O
and	O
a	O
large	O
cytoplasmic	B-ANAT
domain	I-ANAT
.	O

By	O
using	O
various	O
biochemical	O
,	O
biophysical	O
and	O
genetic	O
techniques	O
,	O
interaction	O
of	O
the	O
3a	O
protein	B-CHED
with	O
caveolin	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
is	O
demonstrated	O
.	O

Illness	O
usually	O
is	O
characterized	O
by	O
intermittent	O
periods	B-PROC
of	O
fever	B-PROC
,	O
fatigue	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
muscle	B-DISO
aches	I-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
This	O
report	O
describes	O
a	O
case	O
of	O
feline	O
infectious	O
peritonitis	O
(	O
FIP	B-DISO
)	O
in	O
a	O
castrated	O
cat	B-SPEC
which	O
first	O
presented	O
with	O
the	O
unusual	O
sign	O
of	O
priapism	B-DISO
.	O

One	O
month	O
after	O
the	O
first	O
examination	O
,	O
the	O
cat	B-SPEC
died	B-PROC
.	O

At	O
necropsy	O
,	O
histopathological	O
evaluation	O
of	O
organs	B-ANAT
showed	O
inflammatory	O
granulomatous	B-DISO
lesions	I-DISO
compatible	O
with	O
non	O
-	O
effusive	O
FIP	B-DISO
and	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
-	O
specific	O
polymerase	O
chain	O
reaction	O
confirmed	O
the	O
diagnosis	O
.	O

Semen	B-ANAT
was	O
collected	O
daily	O
from	O
17	O
to	O
27	O
weeks	O
of	O
age	O
,	O
and	O
semen	B-ANAT
quality	O
was	O
assessed	O
frequently	O
by	O
analysing	O
sperm	O
concentration	O
,	O
viability	O
,	O
motility	B-PROC
,	O
and	O
ability	O
to	O
reach	B-PROC
and	O
interact	O
with	O
the	O
ovum	B-ANAT
in	O
vivo	O
.	O

Acrosome	B-COMP
damage	O
was	O
increased	O
in	O
vaccinated	O
cockerels	O
in	O
week	O
22	O
,	O
and	O
decreased	O
in	O
weeks	O
25	O
and	O
27	O
when	O
compared	O
to	O
controls	O
,	O
which	O
correlate	O
to	O
the	O
period	O
of	O
epididymal	B-ANAT
stone	B-ANAT
development	B-PROC
.	O

There	O
were	O
no	O
differences	O
across	O
treatment	O
groups	O
in	O
sperm	B-PROC
mobility	I-PROC
through	O
Accudenz	O
or	O
in	O
numbers	O
of	O
sperm	B-ANAT
holes	O
in	O
perivitelline	O
membranes	B-ANAT
of	O
eggs	O
following	O
insemination	B-PROC
with	O
semen	B-ANAT
from	O
27	O
-	O
week	O
-	O
old	O
cockerels	O
.	O

No	O
differences	O
were	O
observed	O
in	O
viability	O
or	O
acrosome	B-COMP
integrity	O
between	O
cockerels	O
with	O
and	O
without	O
epididymal	B-ANAT
stones	O
within	O
treatment	O
groups	O
.	O

Diagnosis	O
is	O
based	O
on	O
a	O
finding	O
of	O
elevated	O
serum	B-COMP
levels	O
of	O
components	O
that	O
are	O
normally	O
found	O
within	O
the	O
muscle	B-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
,	O
chiefly	O
muscle	B-ANAT
enzymes	O
and	O
myoglobin	B-PRGE
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
describe	O
the	O
changes	O
of	O
health	O
related	O
behavior	O
and	O
influencing	O
factor	O
during	O
and	O
after	O
the	O
prevalence	O
of	O
severe	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
),	O
as	O
to	O
providing	O
evidence	O
for	O
inducing	O
public	O
health	O
related	O
behavior	O
to	O
cope	O
with	O
the	O
emergent	O
infectious	B-DISO
public	O
health	O
hazards	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
the	O
induction	O
of	O
cellular	B-COMP
RNA	B-PROC
synthesis	I-PROC
in	O
growing	O
NIH	B-ANAT
3T3	I-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
did	O
not	O
result	O
in	O
an	O
increase	O
of	O
either	O
viral	O
RNA	O
amplification	B-DISO
or	O
CPE	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
toxin	O
positive	O
stools	B-ANAT
were	O
more	O
common	O
among	O
nondiarrheic	O
calves	O
,	O
but	O
diarrheic	O
calves	O
were	O
nearly	O
twice	O
as	O
likely	O
to	O
be	O
culture	O
positive	O
.	O

SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
total	O
RNA	O
was	O
isolated	O
,	O
extracted	O
from	O
the	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
WHU	I-PRGE
strain	O
and	O
converted	O
into	O
cDNA	O
.	O

In	O
vitro	O
cleavage	B-PROC
was	O
performed	O
using	O
an	O
in	O
vitro	O
transcribed	O
5	O
'	O
UTR	O
RNA	O
substrate	O
.	O

High	O
-	O
frequency	O
oscillation	O
(	O
HFO	O
)	O
exerts	B-PROC
beneficial	O
effects	O
on	O
gas	B-ENZY
exchange	O
in	O
neonates	O
with	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
.	O

We	O
examined	O
whether	O
continuous	O
negative	O
extrathoracic	O
pressure	O
(	O
CNEP	O
)	O
combined	O
with	O
HFO	O
would	O
be	O
effective	O
for	O
treating	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
in	O
an	O
animal	B-SPEC
model	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Changes	O
and	O
significance	O
of	O
peripheral	B-ANAT
blood	I-ANAT
fibrinogen	B-COMP
level	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
].	O

The	O
mean	O
value	O
of	O
plasma	B-ANAT
fibrinogen	B-COMP
(	O
x	O
+/-	O

theses	O
results	O
suggested	O
that	O
elevation	O
of	O
peripheral	B-ANAT
blood	I-ANAT
fibrinogen	B-COMP
in	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
may	O
play	O
an	O
important	O
role	O
in	O
development	B-PROC
and	O
progress	O
of	O
the	O
disease	O
and	O
its	O
treatment	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Mice	B-SPEC
transgenic	O
for	O
human	B-SPEC
angiotensin	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
converting	I-PRGE
enzyme	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
provide	O
a	O
model	O
for	O
SARS	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
infection	I-DISO
.	O

The	O
hACE2	B-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
was	O
expressed	B-PROC
in	O
lung	B-ANAT
,	O
heart	B-ANAT
,	O
kidney	B-ANAT
,	O
and	O
intestine	B-ANAT
.	O

We	O
also	O
evaluated	O
the	O
responses	O
of	O
wild	O
-	O
type	O
and	O
transgenic	B-SPEC
mice	I-SPEC
to	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
inoculation	O
.	O

The	O
molecular	O
cause	O
of	O
the	O
unusually	O
high	O
human	B-SPEC
pathogenicity	O
of	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
is	O
still	O
unknown	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
syndrome	B-DISO
with	O
preoperative	O
chronomodulated	O
chemoradiotherapy	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
esophageal	O
cancer	O
.	O

In	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
we	O
showed	O
that	O
mutation	O
of	O
the	O
dimer	O
-	O
interface	O
residue	O
Gly	B-CHED
-	O
11	O
to	O
alanine	B-CHED
entirely	O
abolished	O
the	O
activity	O
of	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
3CL	I-PRGE
(	O
pro	B-PRGE
).	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Five	O
active	O
metal	B-CHED
-	O
conjugated	O
inhibitors	B-CHED
(	O
PMA	B-CHED
,	O
TDT	B-FUNC
,	O
EPDTC	O
,	O
JMF1586	O
and	O
JMF1600	O
)	O
bound	O
with	O
the	O
3C	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
like	I-PRGE
protease	I-PRGE
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)-	O
associated	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
were	O
analyzed	O
crystallographically	O
.	O

For	O
anti	O
-	O
SARS	B-DISO
drug	O
design	O
,	O
this	O
Zn	O
(	O
2	O
+)-	O
centered	O
coordination	B-PROC
pattern	O
would	O
serve	O
as	O
a	O
starting	O
platform	O
for	O
inhibitor	B-CHED
optimization	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Molecular	O
mechanisms	O
of	O
primary	O
and	O
secondary	O
mucosal	B-PROC
immunity	I-PROC
using	O
avian	B-SPEC
infectious	I-DISO
bronchitis	I-DISO
virus	O
as	O
a	O
model	O
system	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Bad	O
bats	B-SPEC
?].	O

Probably	O
because	O
of	O
their	O
particular	O
immune	B-ANAT
system	I-ANAT
,	O
bats	B-SPEC
can	O
be	O
considered	O
an	O
important	O
reservoir	O
for	O
new	O
emerging	O
viral	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
like	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
Coronavirus	B-SPEC
,	O
Marburg	O
fever	B-PROC
,	O
Ebola	O
fever	B-PROC
and	O
Nipah	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
encephalitis	B-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Federal	O
,	O
provincial	O
and	O
municipal	O
leaders	O
in	O
Canada	O
have	O
adopted	O
a	O
culture	O
of	O
preparedness	O
with	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
and	O
update	O
of	O
emergency	B-DISO
plans	O
in	O
anticipation	O
of	O
different	O
types	O
of	O
disasters	O
.	O

As	O
evident	O
during	O
the	O
2003	O
global	O
outbreak	O
of	O
Severe	B-DISO
Acute	I-DISO
Respiratory	I-DISO
Syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
),	O
it	O
is	O
important	O
to	O
provide	O
support	O
for	O
health	O
care	O
workers	O
(	O
HCWs	O
)	O
who	O
are	O
vulnerable	O
during	O
infectious	B-DISO
outbreak	O
scenarios	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Emergency	B-DISO
plans	O
were	O
comprised	O
of	O
a	O
predominance	O
of	O
informational	O
and	O
instrumental	O
supports	O
,	O
yet	O
few	O
emotional	O
or	O
social	O
support	O
mechanisms	O
.	O

Z	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
was	O
used	O
as	O
antigen	B-CHED
to	O
immunize	O
the	O
rabbit	B-SPEC
and	O
anti	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
Z	I-PRGE
sera	I-PRGE
was	O
collected	O
.	O

Then	O
the	O
antigenic	O
property	O
of	O
Z	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
to	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
spike	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
was	O
analyzed	O
by	O
dot	O
-	O
blot	O
and	O
ELISA	O
assay	O
.	O

ELISA	O
analysis	O
indicated	O
the	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
antigen	B-CHED
prepared	O
from	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
lysates	O
can	O
be	O
detected	O
by	O
anti	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
Z	I-PRGE
sera	I-PRGE
.	O

This	O
study	O
was	O
conducted	O
to	O
determine	O
whether	O
iNO	O
therapy	O
improves	O
oxygenation	B-PROC
in	O
such	O
infants	O
.	O

Rotavirus	B-SPEC
was	O
the	O
only	O
virus	B-SPEC
detected	O
prior	O
to	O
placement	O
(	O
7	O
of	O
16	O
samples	O
examined	O
).	O

All	O
of	O
the	O
commercial	O
flocks	O
were	O
positive	O
for	O
rotavirus	B-SPEC
and	O
astrovirus	O
from	O
2	O
until	O
6	O
wk	O
of	O
age	O
,	O
and	O
most	O
were	O
intermittently	O
positive	O
until	O
12	O
wk	O
of	O
age	O
,	O
when	O
the	O
birds	B-SPEC
were	O
processed	O
.	O

Intestinal	B-ANAT
samples	O
collected	O
at	O
1	O
,	O
2	O
,	O
and	O
3	O
wk	O
of	O
age	O
from	O
these	O
turkeys	B-SPEC
were	O
free	O
of	O
enteric	O
viruses	B-SPEC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
(	O
IB	O
)	O
disease	B-DISO
progression	I-DISO
in	O
vaccinated	O
chickens	B-SPEC
after	O
challenge	O
was	O
evaluated	O
in	O
a	O
single	O
commercial	O
line	O
of	O
layer	B-ANAT
chickens	B-SPEC
presenting	O
two	O
different	O
major	B-PROC
histocompatibility	I-PROC
complex	I-PROC
(	O
MHC	B-PROC
)	O
B	O
complex	O
genotypes	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Sequence	O
analysis	O
of	O
the	O
S1	B-PRGE
glycoprotein	I-PRGE
gene	O
of	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
viruses	B-SPEC
:	O
identification	O
of	O
a	O
novel	O
phylogenetic	O
group	O
in	O
Korea	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
a	O
mild	O
inflammatory	B-DISO
response	I-DISO
in	O
local	O
injection	O
site	O
and	O
a	O
moderate	O
immune	B-PROC
response	I-PROC
against	O
this	O
antibody	B-COMP
in	O
the	O
successively	O
injected	O
animals	B-SPEC
were	O
observed	O
,	O
which	O
however	O
recovered	O
3	O
weeks	O
after	O
the	O
last	O
injection	O
.	O

The	O
significant	O
difference	O
in	O
clinical	O
presentation	O
between	O
the	O
three	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
groups	O
was	O
the	O
very	O
low	O
association	O
between	O
lower	B-ANAT
respiratory	I-ANAT
tract	I-ANAT
illness	O
and	O
HKU1	O
detection	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Despite	O
recent	O
advances	O
in	O
intensive	O
care	O
medicine	O
,	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
and	O
its	O
more	O
severe	O
form	O
,	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
pose	O
major	O
therapeutic	O
problems	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Safety	O
and	O
immunogenicity	O
from	O
a	O
phase	O
I	O
trial	O
of	O
inactivated	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
vaccine	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Effect	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
on	O
bystander	O
willingness	O
to	O
perform	O
cardiopulmonary	B-ANAT
resuscitation	O
(	O
CPR	B-ENZY
)--	O
is	O
compression	O
-	O
only	O
preferred	O
to	O
standard	O
CPR	B-ENZY
?	O

The	O
preferred	O
type	O
of	O
SCPR	O
in	O
the	O
post	O
-	O
SARS	B-DISO
era	B-CHED
was	O
assessed	O
.	O

Persons	O
who	O
attended	O
a	O
CPR	B-ENZY
course	O
from	O
January	O
2000	O
through	O
February	O
2003	O
answered	O
a	O
structured	O
questionnaire	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Interaction	O
of	O
a	O
peptide	B-CHED
from	O
the	O
pre	O
-	O
transmembrane	B-COMP
domain	O
of	O
the	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
spike	O
protein	B-CHED
with	O
phospholipid	B-CHED
membranes	B-ANAT
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
envelope	B-COMP
spike	O
(	O
S	O
)	O
glycoprotein	B-CHED
,	O
a	O
Class	B-SPEC
I	O
viral	O
fusion	O
protein	B-CHED
,	O
is	O
responsible	O
for	O
the	O
fusion	O
between	O
the	O
membranes	B-ANAT
of	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
and	O
the	O
target	B-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
.	O

All	O
four	O
pseudoknots	O
cause	O
-	O
1	O
programmed	O
ribosomal	B-PROC
frameshifting	I-PROC
.	O

In	O
order	O
to	O
investigate	O
the	O
potential	O
role	O
of	O
proinflammatory	O
cytokines	O
in	O
disease	O
severity	O
after	O
coinfection	B-DISO
,	O
a	O
second	O
experiment	O
was	O
performed	O
to	O
examine	O
cytokine	O
transcription	B-PROC
in	O
alveolar	B-ANAT
macrophages	I-ANAT
from	O
single	O
and	O
dually	O
infected	O
pigs	B-SPEC
.	O

A	O
total	O
of	O
48	O
pigs	B-SPEC
were	O
divided	O
equally	O
into	O
groups	O
as	O
above	O
,	O
but	O
4	O
pigs	B-SPEC
from	O
each	O
group	O
were	O
euthanized	O
at	O
1	O
,	O
4	O
and	O
10	O
days	O
post	O
-	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

Recombinant	B-PRGE
PPV	I-PRGE
NIa	B-SPEC
protease	I-PRGE
expressed	B-PROC
and	O
purified	O
from	O
Escherichia	B-SPEC
coli	I-SPEC
demonstrated	O
efficient	O
and	O
specific	O
processing	O
of	O
recombinant	O
GFP	O
and	O
SARS	O
-	O
CoV	O
nucleocapsid	B-COMP
protein	B-CHED
,	O
with	O
site	O
F	O
(	O
N	O
V	O
V	O
V	O
H	O
Q	O
black	O
triangle	O
down	O
A	O
)	O
for	O
PPV	B-PRGE
NIa	B-SPEC
protease	I-PRGE
artificially	O
inserted	O
between	O
the	O
fusion	O
tags	O
and	O
the	O
target	O
proteins	B-CHED
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
'	O
Social	O
evils	O
'	O
and	O
harm	O
reduction	O
:	O
the	O
evolving	O
policy	O
environment	O
for	O
human	B-SPEC
immunodeficiency	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
prevention	O
among	O
injection	O
drug	O
users	O
in	O
China	O
and	O
Vietnam	O
.	O

These	O
included	O
the	O
emergence	O
of	O
effective	O
'	O
champions	O
'	O
for	O
such	O
policies	O
,	O
an	O
ethos	O
of	O
pragmatism	O
and	O
receptivity	O
to	O
evidence	O
,	O
growing	O
collaboration	O
across	O
public	O
health	O
,	O
police	O
and	O
other	O
sectors	O
,	O
the	O
influence	O
of	O
contingent	O
events	O
such	O
as	O
the	O
severe	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
epidemic	O
and	O
pressure	O
from	O
donors	O
and	O
international	O
organizations	O
to	O
adopt	O
best	O
practice	O
in	O
HIV	B-DISO
prevention	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
outbreak	O
of	O
severe	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
in	O
2003	O
provided	O
valuable	O
lessons	O
for	O
protecting	O
health	O
workers	O
during	O
an	O
influenza	B-DISO
pandemic	O
or	O
other	O
public	O
health	O
crisis	O
.	O

Given	O
our	O
recent	O
experience	O
of	O
living	O
through	O
the	O
consequences	O
of	O
the	O
outbreak	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
in	O
Ontario	O
and	O
BC	O
,	O
one	O
would	O
think	O
that	O
we	O
would	O
be	O
more	O
than	O
willing	O
this	O
time	O
around	O
to	O
err	O
on	O
the	O
side	O
of	O
caution	O
and	O
be	O
as	O
prepared	O
as	O
possible	O
to	O
deal	O
with	O
the	O
next	O
emerging	O
infectious	B-DISO
agent	O
that	O
comes	O
our	O
way	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Recent	O
experience	O
with	O
the	O
outbreak	O
of	O
severe	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
in	O
Canada	O
and	O
the	O
global	O
threat	O
of	O
the	O
H5N1	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
avian	B-SPEC
""""	O
flu	B-DISO
""")"	O
have	O
increased	O
the	O
appetite	B-PROC
for	O
and	O
urgency	O
of	O
pandemic	O
planning	O
as	O
a	O
policy	O
issue	O
.	O

A	O
pandemic	O
plan	B-DISO
that	O
does	O
not	O
consider	O
healthcare	O
outside	O
of	O
the	O
institutional	O
setting	O
is	O
incomplete	O
and	O
will	O
be	O
likely	O
to	O
fail	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Predictability	O
and	O
epidemic	O
pathways	B-PROC
in	O
global	O
outbreaks	O
of	O
infectious	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
:	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
case	O
study	O
.	O

The	O
presented	O
computational	O
approach	O
shows	O
that	O
the	O
integration	B-PROC
of	O
long	O
-	O
range	O
mobility	O
and	O
demographic	O
data	O
provides	O
epidemic	O
models	O
with	O
a	O
predictive	O
power	O
that	O
can	O
be	O
consistently	O
tested	O
and	O
theoretically	O
motivated	O
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
The	O
presented	O
computational	O
approach	O
shows	O
that	O
the	O
integration	B-PROC
of	O
long	O
-	O
range	O
mobility	O
and	O
demographic	O
data	O
provides	O
epidemic	O
models	O
with	O
a	O
predictive	O
power	O
that	O
can	O
be	O
consistently	O
tested	O
and	O
theoretically	O
motivated	O
.	O

All	O
pups	O
seroconverted	O
for	O
CCoV	O
,	O
as	O
shown	O
by	O
the	O
high	O
optical	O
density	O
values	O
and	O
antibody	B-COMP
titres	O
detected	O
by	O
ELISA	O
and	O
virusneutralisation	O
tests	O
,	O
respectively	O
.	O

Sequencing	O
of	O
the	O
V51	B-PRGE
spike	I-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
,	O
the	O
mediator	O
of	O
virus	B-SPEC
entry	O
,	O
revealed	O
13	O
amino	B-PROC
acid	I-PROC
substitutions	I-PROC
relative	O
to	O
the	O
originating	O
MHV	B-SPEC
A59	O
strain	O
.	O

The	O
second	O
class	B-SPEC
of	O
suppressor	O
was	O
mapped	O
to	O
the	O
extreme	O
3	O
'	O
end	O
of	O
the	O
genome	O
,	O
a	O
result	O
which	O
pointed	O
to	O
the	O
existence	O
of	O
a	O
direct	O
base	O
-	O
pairing	O
interaction	O
between	O
loop	O
1	O
of	O
the	O
pseudoknot	O
and	O
the	O
genomic	O
terminus	O
.	O

The	O
latter	O
finding	O
was	O
strongly	O
supported	O
by	O
phylogenetic	O
evidence	O
and	O
by	O
the	O
construction	O
of	O
a	O
deletion	O
mutant	B-DISO
that	O
reduced	O
the	O
3	O
'	O
UTR	O
to	O
its	O
minimal	O
essential	O
elements	O
.	O

The	O
CLEIA	O
was	O
capable	O
of	O
detecting	O
recombinant	B-PRGE
N	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
at	O
1	O
.	O
56	O
pg	O
/	O
ml	O
and	O
viral	O
N	O
protein	B-CHED
in	O
SARS	B-DISO
CoV	O
cell	B-COMP
culture	O
lysates	O
at	O
0	O
.	O
087	O
of	O
50	O
%	O
tissue	B-ANAT
culture	O
infective	O
doses	O
/	O
ml	O
.	O

In	O
addition	O
,	O
an	O
evaluation	O
with	O
18	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
positive	O
NPA	B-CHED
samples	O
,	O
all	O
confirmed	O
SARS	B-DISO
positive	O
by	O
quantitative	O
PCR	O
and	O
antibodies	B-COMP
to	O
SARS	B-DISO
CoV	O
,	O
revealed	O
that	O
all	O
(	O
18	O
/	O
18	O
)	O
were	O
found	O
positive	O
by	O
the	O
CLEIA	O
;	O
thus	O
,	O
the	O
sensitivity	O
of	O
detection	O
was	O
100	O
%.	O

When	O
we	O
tested	O
20	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
negative	O
NPA	B-CHED
samples	O
,	O
the	O
CLEIA	O
was	O
shown	O
to	O
have	O
high	O
specificity	O
(	O
100	O
%).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Effects	O
of	O
several	O
virucidal	O
agents	O
on	O
inactivation	B-DISO
of	O
influenza	B-DISO
,	O
Newcastle	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
,	O
and	O
avian	B-SPEC
infectious	I-DISO
bronchitis	I-DISO
viruses	B-SPEC
in	O
the	O
allantoic	B-ANAT
fluid	I-ANAT
of	O
chicken	B-SPEC
eggs	O
.	O

That	O
is	O
,	O
although	O
sodium	O
hypochlorite	B-CHED
and	O
sodium	B-CHED
hydroxide	I-CHED
are	O
generally	O
known	O
as	O
strong	O
virucidal	O
agents	O
,	O
they	O
do	O
not	O
sufficiently	O
inactivate	O
viruses	B-SPEC
in	O
allantoic	B-ANAT
fluid	I-ANAT
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
A	O
resource	O
-	O
based	O
perspective	O
on	O
retention	B-PROC
strategies	O
for	O
nurse	O
epidemiologists	O
.	O

In	O
the	O
light	O
of	O
possible	O
staff	O
shortages	O
,	O
retention	B-PROC
strategies	O
for	O
epidemiologists	O
have	O
gained	O
importance	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Cimicifuga	B-SPEC
rhizoma	O
,	O
Meliae	O
cortex	B-ANAT
,	O
Coptidis	O
rhizoma	O
,	O
Phellodendron	B-SPEC
cortex	B-ANAT
and	O
Sophora	B-SPEC
subprostrata	O
radix	B-SPEC
decreased	O
the	O
MHV	B-SPEC
production	O
and	O
the	O
intracellular	B-COMP
viral	O
RNA	O
and	O
protein	B-PROC
expression	B-PROC
with	O
EC50	O
values	O
ranging	O
from	O
2	O
.	O
0	O
to	O
27	O
.	O
5	O
microg	O
/	O
ml	O
.	O

The	O
cause	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
was	O
identified	O
as	O
a	O
novel	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
(	O
CoV	O
).	O

Although	O
there	O
are	O
currently	O
no	O
confirmed	O
reports	O
of	O
the	O
transmission	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
from	O
asymptomatic	O
individuals	O
,	O
recent	O
research	O
data	O
indicate	O
that	O
transfusion	O
-	O
transmitted	B-DISO
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
is	O
at	O
least	O
theoretically	O
possible	O
.	O

Many	O
patients	O
with	O
evidence	O
of	O
PTSD	B-DISO
after	O
critical	B-DISO
illness	I-DISO
have	O
been	O
treated	O
in	O
intensive	O
care	O
units	O
(	O
ICUs	O
).	O

A	O
high	O
number	O
of	O
these	O
traumatic	O
memories	O
from	O
the	O
ICU	O
has	O
been	O
shown	O
to	O
be	O
a	O
significant	O
risk	O
factor	O
for	O
the	O
later	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
PTSD	B-DISO
in	O
long	O
-	O
term	O
survivors	O
.	O

In	O
addition	O
,	O
patients	O
in	O
the	O
ICU	O
are	O
often	O
treated	O
with	O
stress	O
hormones	B-CHED
like	O
epinephrine	B-CHED
,	O
norepinephrine	B-CHED
,	O
or	O
cortisol	B-CHED
.	O

The	O
number	O
of	O
the	O
above	O
-	O
mentioned	O
categories	O
of	O
traumatic	O
memory	B-PROC
increased	O
with	O
the	O
totally	O
administered	O
dosages	O
of	O
catecholamines	B-CHED
and	O
cortisol	B-CHED
,	O
and	O
the	O
evaluation	O
of	O
these	O
categories	O
at	O
different	O
time	O
points	O
after	O
discharge	B-ANAT
from	O
the	O
ICU	O
showed	O
better	O
memory	B-PROC
consolidation	O
with	O
higher	O
dosages	O
of	O
stress	O
hormones	B-CHED
administered	O
.	O

Conversely	O
,	O
the	O
prolonged	O
administration	O
of	O
beta	B-CHED
-	I-CHED
adrenergic	I-CHED
antagonists	I-CHED
during	O
the	O
recovery	O
phase	O
after	O
cardiac	B-ANAT
surgery	O
resulted	O
in	O
a	O
lower	O
number	O
of	O
traumatic	O
memories	O
and	O
a	O
lower	O
incidence	O
of	O
stress	B-DISO
symptoms	I-DISO
at	O
6	O
months	O
after	O
surgery	O
.	O

Moreover	O
,	O
elevated	O
levels	O
of	O
CXCL9	B-PRGE
and	O
CXCL10	B-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
expression	O
were	O
detected	O
in	O
retinal	B-CHED
tissue	B-ANAT
.	O

Although	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
gamma	I-PRGE
and	O
the	O
chemokines	O
were	O
detected	O
in	O
CD	O
-	O
1	O
mice	B-SPEC
,	O
they	O
were	O
at	O
significantly	O
lower	O
levels	O
compared	O
to	O
BALB	O
/	O
c	O
mice	B-SPEC
.	O

The	O
pathogenic	O
mechanisms	O
of	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
remain	O
poorly	O
understood	O
.	O

After	O
intratracheal	O
(	O
i	O
.	O
t	O
.)	O
inoculation	O
,	O
virus	B-SPEC
antigen	B-CHED
-	O
positive	O
alveolar	B-ANAT
cells	B-COMP
and	O
macrophages	B-ANAT
were	O
found	O
in	O
lung	B-ANAT
and	O
infectious	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
was	O
detected	O
in	O
lymphoid	O
and	O
intestinal	B-ANAT
tissues	B-ANAT
.	O

Few	O
data	O
about	O
the	O
molecular	O
epidemiology	O
of	O
respiratory	B-SPEC
syncytial	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
in	O
developing	O
countries	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
Jordan	O
,	O
are	O
available	O
.	O

HRSV	B-SPEC
was	O
detected	O
in	O
43	O
%	O
(	O
140	O
/	O
326	O
)	O
of	O
the	O
nasopharyngeal	B-ANAT
aspirates	B-ANAT
.	O

(	O
14	O
/	O
312	O
:	O
4	O
.	O
5	O
%),	O
human	B-SPEC
metapneumovirus	I-SPEC
(	O
8	O
/	O
326	O
:	O
2	O
.	O
5	O
%),	O
human	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
NL63	I-SPEC
(	O
4	O
/	O
325	O
:	O
1	O
.	O
2	O
%),	O
and	O
influenza	B-SPEC
A	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
2	O
/	O
323	O
:	O
0	O
.	O
6	O
%).	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
DNA	O
hypomethylating	O
agent	O
azacitidine	B-CHED
was	O
approved	O
by	O
the	O
United	O
States	O
Food	O
and	O
Drug	O
Administration	O
after	O
the	O
drug	O
demonstrated	O
superiority	O
over	O
the	O
best	O
supportive	O
care	O
for	O
treatment	O
of	O
myelodysplastic	B-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
in	O
patients	O
unable	O
to	O
undergo	O
stem	B-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
transplantation	O
.	O

The	O
nine	O
antiviral	B-CHED
agents	I-CHED
comprised	O
six	O
synthetic	O
small	O
-	O
molecule	O
compounds	O
,	O
one	O
peptide	B-CHED
,	O
one	O
monoclonal	O
antibody	B-COMP
and	O
a	O
vaccine	O
.	O

Search	O
strategy	O
of	O
the	O
Cochrane	O
Library	O
,	O
Medline	O
,	O
OldMedline	O
,	O
Embase	O
,	O
and	O
CINAHL	O
,	O
without	O
language	O
restriction	O
,	O
for	O
any	O
intervention	O
to	O
prevent	O
transmission	O
of	O
respiratory	O
viruses	B-SPEC
(	O
isolation	O
,	O
quarantine	O
,	O
social	O
distancing	O
,	O
barriers	O
,	O
personal	O
protection	O
,	O
and	O
hygiene	O
).	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
emergence	O
of	O
the	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
has	O
led	O
to	O
a	O
renewed	O
interest	O
in	O
studying	O
the	O
role	O
of	O
accessory	O
proteins	B-CHED
in	O
regulating	O
coronavirus	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
in	O
the	O
natural	O
host	B-COMP
.	O

We	O
conclude	O
by	O
providing	O
some	O
questions	O
for	O
future	O
studies	O
that	O
will	O
greatly	O
advance	O
our	O
knowledge	O
about	O
the	O
biological	O
significance	O
and	O
contributions	O
of	O
the	O
accessory	O
proteins	B-CHED
in	O
the	O
development	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
in	O
humans	B-SPEC
.	O

We	O
solved	O
the	O
structure	O
of	O
a	O
catalytically	O
inactive	O
mutant	B-DISO
version	O
of	O
Nsp15	O
,	O
which	O
was	O
crystallized	O
as	O
a	O
hexamer	O
.	O

More	O
HIV	B-DISO
-	O
infected	O
patients	O
survive	O
ICU	O
admission	O
and	O
are	O
less	O
likely	O
to	O
be	O
admitted	O
to	O
the	O
ICU	O
for	O
related	O
infections	B-DISO
;	O
in	O
most	O
cases	O
,	O
they	O
need	O
critical	O
care	O
for	O
problems	O
unrelated	O
to	O
HIV	O
infection	O
or	O
for	O
conditions	O
related	O
to	O
HAART	O
toxicity	O
.	O

Compound	O
5	O
was	O
also	O
moderately	O
active	O
against	O
VEE	O
and	O
Tacaribe	O
viruses	B-SPEC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
A	O
test	O
for	O
constant	O
fatality	O
rate	O
of	O
an	O
emerging	O
epidemic	O
:	O
with	O
applications	O
to	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
in	O
Hong	O
Kong	O
and	O
Beijing	O
.	O

As	O
acid	O
-	O
fast	B-FUNC
bacilli	B-SPEC
were	O
positive	O
in	O
urine	B-ANAT
(	O
Gaffky	O
8	O
)	O
and	O
sputum	B-ANAT
(	O
Gaffky	O
1	O
),	O
we	O
diagnosed	O
as	O
miliary	B-DISO
tuberculosis	I-DISO
and	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
tuberculosis	B-PATH
complicated	O
with	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
International	O
research	O
networks	O
in	O
viral	O
structural	O
proteomics	O
:	O
again	O
,	O
lessons	O
from	O
SARS	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
efforts	O
and	O
results	O
by	O
the	O
international	O
scientific	O
community	O
to	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
outbreak	O
are	O
serving	O
as	O
an	O
example	O
and	O
roadmap	O
of	O
a	O
rapid	O
response	O
using	O
modern	O
research	O
methods	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Inhibition	B-PROC
of	O
human	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
229E	I-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
in	O
human	B-SPEC
epithelial	O
lung	B-ANAT
cells	B-COMP
(	O
L132	O
)	O
by	O
chloroquine	B-CHED
:	O
involvement	O
of	O
p38	B-FUNC
MAPK	B-FUNC
and	O
ERK	B-FUNC
.	O

Our	O
findings	O
suggest	O
that	O
CQ	O
affects	O
the	O
activation	O
of	O
MAPKs	O
,	O
involved	O
in	O
the	O
replication	O
of	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
229E	I-SPEC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
is	O
an	O
acute	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
with	O
significant	O
mortality	O
.	O

The	O
promoting	O
effect	O
of	O
N	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
on	O
the	O
transcriptional	B-PROC
responses	O
of	O
TGF	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
beta	I-PRGE
is	O
Smad3	B-PRGE
-	O
specific	O
.	O

These	O
findings	O
provide	O
evidence	O
of	O
a	O
novel	O
mechanism	O
whereby	O
N	O
protein	O
modulates	O
TGF	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
beta	I-PRGE
signaling	B-PROC
to	O
block	O
apoptosis	B-PATH
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
-	O
infected	O
host	B-COMP
cells	B-COMP
and	O
meanwhile	O
promote	O
tissue	B-ANAT
fibrosis	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Evidence	O
of	O
the	O
recombinant	O
origin	O
of	O
a	O
bat	B-ENZY
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)-	O
like	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
and	O
its	O
implications	O
on	O
the	O
direct	O
ancestor	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
.	O

Based	O
on	O
this	O
relatively	O
short	O
window	O
period	O
,	O
we	O
speculate	O
that	O
this	O
uncharacterized	O
SLCoV	O
lineage	O
may	O
contain	O
the	O
direct	O
ancestor	O
of	O
SCoV	O
.	O
This	O
study	O
sheds	O
light	O
on	O
the	O
possible	O
host	B-COMP
bat	B-ENZY
species	B-SPEC
of	O
the	O
direct	O
ancestor	O
of	O
SCoV	O
,	O
providing	O
valuable	O
information	O
on	O
the	O
scope	O
and	O
focus	O
of	O
surveillance	O
for	O
the	O
origin	O
of	O
SCoV	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Key	O
recommendations	O
,	O
listed	O
by	O
category	O
,	O
include	O
:	O
early	O
goal	O
-	O
directed	O
resuscitation	O
of	O
the	O
septic	O
patient	O
during	O
the	O
first	O
6	O
hrs	B-DISO
after	O
recognition	O
(	O
1C	O
);	O
blood	B-ANAT
cultures	O
prior	O
to	O
antibiotic	B-CHED
therapy	O
(	O
1C	O
);	O
imaging	O
studies	O
performed	O
promptly	O
to	O
confirm	O
potential	O
source	O
of	O
infection	B-DISO
(	O
1C	O
);	O
administration	O
of	O
broad	O
-	O
spectrum	O
antibiotic	B-CHED
therapy	O
within	O
1	O
hr	O
of	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
septic	B-DISO
shock	I-DISO
(	O
1B	O
)	O
and	O
severe	B-DISO
sepsis	I-DISO
without	I-DISO
septic	I-DISO
shock	I-DISO
(	O
1D	O
);	O
reassessment	O
of	O
antibiotic	B-CHED
therapy	O
with	O
microbiology	O
and	O
clinical	O
data	O
to	O
narrow	O
coverage	O
,	O
when	O
appropriate	O
(	O
1C	O
);	O
a	O
usual	O
7	O
-	O
10	O
days	O
of	O
antibiotic	B-CHED
therapy	O
guided	O
by	O
clinical	O
response	O
(	O
1D	O
);	O
source	O
control	O
with	O
attention	O
to	O
the	O
balance	B-PROC
of	O
risks	O
and	O
benefits	O
of	O
the	O
chosen	O
method	O
(	O
1C	O
);	O
administration	O
of	O
either	O
crystalloid	B-COMP
or	O
colloid	B-ANAT
fluid	O
resuscitation	O
(	O
1B	O
);	O
fluid	O
challenge	O
to	O
restore	O
mean	O
circulating	O
filling	O
pressure	O
(	O
1C	O
);	O
reduction	O
in	O
rate	O
of	O
fluid	O
administration	O
with	O
rising	O
filing	O
pressures	O
and	O
no	O
improvement	O
in	O
tissue	B-ANAT
perfusion	O
(	O
1D	O
);	O
vasopressor	O
preference	O
for	O
norepinephrine	B-CHED
or	O
dopamine	B-CHED
to	O
maintain	O
an	O
initial	O
target	O
of	O
mean	O
arterial	B-PROC
pressure	I-PROC
>	O
or	O
=	O
65	O
mm	O
Hg	O
(	O
1C	O
);	O
dobutamine	B-CHED
inotropic	O
therapy	O
when	O
cardiac	B-ANAT
output	O
remains	O
low	O
despite	O
fluid	O
resuscitation	O
and	O
combined	O
inotropic	O
/	O
vasopressor	O
therapy	O
(	O
1C	O
);	O
stress	O
-	O
dose	O
steroid	B-CHED
therapy	O
given	O
only	O
in	O
septic	B-DISO
shock	I-DISO
after	O
blood	B-PROC
pressure	I-PROC
is	O
identified	O
to	O
be	O
poorly	O
responsive	O
to	O
fluid	O
and	O
vasopressor	O
therapy	O
(	O
2C	O
);	O
recombinant	B-PRGE
activated	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
C	I-PRGE
in	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	B-DISO
sepsis	I-DISO
and	O
clinical	O
assessment	O
of	O
high	O
risk	O
for	O
death	B-PROC
(	O
2B	O
except	O
2C	O
for	O
post	O
-	O
operative	O
patients	O
).	O

Recommendations	O
specific	O
to	O
pediatric	O
severe	B-DISO
sepsis	I-DISO
include	O
:	O
greater	O
use	O
of	O
physical	O
examination	O
therapeutic	O
end	O
points	O
(	O
2C	O
);	O
dopamine	B-CHED
as	O
the	O
first	O
drug	O
of	O
choice	O
for	O
hypotension	O
(	O
2C	O
);	O
steroids	B-CHED
only	O
in	O
children	O
with	O
suspected	O
or	O
proven	O
adrenal	B-DISO
insufficiency	I-DISO
(	O
2C	O
);	O
a	O
recommendation	O
against	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
recombinant	B-PRGE
activated	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
C	I-PRGE
in	O
children	O
(	O
1B	O
).	O

Before	O
and	O
after	O
the	O
experiment	O
,	O
the	O
cytokines	O
in	O
peripheral	B-ANAT
blood	I-ANAT
of	O
the	O
survival	O
mice	B-SPEC
were	O
determined	O
,	O
and	O
RNA	O
was	O
extracted	O
from	O
survival	O
mouse	B-SPEC
liver	B-ANAT
tissue	I-ANAT
for	O
the	O
analysis	O
of	O
the	O
differential	B-PROC
gene	I-PROC
expression	I-PROC
by	O
a	O
36	O
kb	O
mouse	O
oligonucleotide	B-CHED
DNA	O
array	O
.	O

We	O
hypothesized	O
that	O
the	O
I	O
/	O
D	O
polymorphism	B-PROC
also	O
confers	O
susceptibility	O
to	O
sepsis	B-DISO
and	O
is	O
a	O
predisposing	O
factor	O
for	O
morbidity	O
and	O
mortality	O
of	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	B-DISO
sepsis	I-DISO
.	O

ACE	B-PRGE
I	I-PRGE
/	I-PRGE
D	I-PRGE
polymorphism	B-PROC
was	O
not	O
associated	O
with	O
severe	B-DISO
sepsis	I-DISO
susceptibility	O
or	O
mortality	O
.	O

Previously	O
proposed	O
mechanisms	O
of	O
IMS	O
include	O
different	O
susceptibility	O
of	O
various	O
cholinergic	O
receptors	O
,	O
muscle	B-DISO
necrosis	B-PROC
,	O
prolonged	O
acetylcholinesterase	B-PRGE
inhibition	B-PROC
,	O
inadequate	O
oxime	B-CHED
therapy	O
,	O
downregulation	B-PROC
or	O
desensitization	B-PROC
of	O
postsynaptic	O
acetylcholine	B-CHED
receptors	O
,	O
failure	O
of	O
postsynaptic	O
acetylcholine	B-CHED
release	B-PATH
,	O
and	O
oxidative	B-DISO
stress	I-DISO
-	O
related	O
myopathy	B-DISO
.	O

Although	O
IMS	O
is	O
well	O
recognized	O
as	O
a	O
disorder	O
of	O
neuromuscular	B-COMP
junctions	I-COMP
,	O
its	O
exact	O
etiology	O
,	O
incidence	O
,	O
and	O
risk	O
factors	O
are	O
not	O
clearly	O
defined	O
because	O
existing	O
studies	O
are	O
largely	O
small	O
-	O
scale	O
case	O
series	O
and	O
do	O
not	O
employ	O
a	O
consistent	O
and	O
rigorous	O
definition	O
of	O
IMS	O
.	O

Thirty	O
-	O
five	O
patients	O
(	O
6	O
female	O
,	O
29	O
male	O
,	O
mean	O
age	O
36	O
years	O
)	O
underwent	O
surgical	O
repair	B-PROC
.	O

Two	O
patients	O
were	O
operated	O
upon	O
without	O
cardiopulmonary	B-ANAT
bypass	O
.	O

In	O
39	O
patients	O
(	O
5	O
female	O
,	O
34	O
male	O
,	O
mean	O
age	O
36	O
years	O
)	O
thoracic	B-DISO
endografts	O
were	O
implanted	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Hospital	O
mortality	O
was	O
20	O
%	O
(	O
7	O
of	O
35	O
patients	O
)	O
in	O
the	O
surgical	O
group	O
and	O
7	O
.	O
7	O
%	O
(	O
3	O
of	O
39	O
patients	O
)	O
in	O
the	O
endovascular	B-ANAT
group	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Transfusion	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
related	I-DISO
acute	I-DISO
lung	I-DISO
injury	I-DISO
(	O
TRALI	B-DISO
)	O
is	O
a	O
leading	O
cause	O
of	O
transfusion	O
-	O
associated	O
morbidity	O
and	O
mortality	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
study	O
the	O
relationship	O
between	O
antibodies	B-COMP
detected	O
in	O
patients	O
'	O
and	O
/	O
or	O
donors	O
'	O
sera	B-COMP
and	O
the	O
clinical	O
features	O
of	O
acute	O
non	O
-	O
haemolytic	O
transfusion	B-DISO
reactions	I-DISO
(	O
ANHTRs	O
),	O
and	O
to	O
determine	O
any	O
gender	O
-	O
related	O
difference	O
.	O

ANHTRs	O
range	O
from	O
urticaria	B-DISO
to	O
transfusion	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
related	I-DISO
acute	I-DISO
lung	I-DISO
injury	I-DISO
(	O
TRALI	B-DISO
).	O

Antibodies	B-COMP
to	O
human	B-PRGE
leukocyte	B-ANAT
antigen	B-CHED
(	O
HLA	B-PRGE
),	O
granulocytes	B-ANAT
,	O
platelets	B-ANAT
,	O
and	O
/	O
or	O
plasma	B-ANAT
proteins	B-CHED
are	O
implicated	O
in	O
some	O
of	O
the	O
ANHTRs	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Identification	O
of	O
group	O
1	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
antigen	B-CHED
in	O
multisystemic	O
granulomatous	B-DISO
lesions	I-DISO
in	O
ferrets	B-SPEC
(	O
Mustela	B-SPEC
putorius	I-SPEC
furo	I-SPEC
).	O

Four	O
main	O
types	O
of	O
lesions	O
were	O
observed	O
:	O
diffuse	O
granulomatous	B-DISO
inflammation	I-DISO
on	O
serosal	B-ANAT
surfaces	O
;	O
granulomas	B-DISO
with	O
areas	O
of	O
necrosis	B-PROC
;	O
granulomas	B-DISO
without	O
necrosis	B-PROC
;	O
and	O
granulomas	B-DISO
with	O
neutrophils	B-ANAT
.	O

These	O
antibodies	B-COMP
were	O
shown	O
to	O
have	O
a	O
specific	O
affinity	O
to	O
the	O
GPRLQPY	O
motif	O
,	O
as	O
demonstrated	O
by	O
non	O
-	O
reactivity	O
with	O
a	O
peptide	B-CHED
that	O
lacks	O
this	O
motif	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Heterologous	O
expression	B-PROC
of	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
ORF10	I-PRGE
and	O
X5	O
genes	O
in	O
E	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
coli	I-SPEC
and	O
Streptomyces	B-SPEC
lividans	I-SPEC
TK24	O
.	O

The	O
predicted	O
unknown	O
proteins	B-CHED
(	O
PUPs	O
)	O
encoded	O
by	O
the	O
accessory	O
genes	O
,	O
which	O
are	O
considered	O
to	O
be	O
unique	O
to	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
genome	O
,	O
might	O
play	O
important	O
roles	O
in	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
CoV	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
.	O

This	O
work	O
makes	O
it	O
possible	O
to	O
study	O
the	O
structure	O
and	O
potential	O
functions	O
of	O
proteins	B-CHED
encoding	O
by	O
these	O
two	O
genes	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Calmodulin	B-PRGE
interacts	O
with	O
angiotensin	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
converting	I-PRGE
enzyme	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
(	O
ACE2	B-PRGE
)	O
and	O
inhibits	O
shedding	O
of	O
its	O
ectodomain	O
.	O

We	O
also	O
show	O
that	O
calmodulin	B-PRGE
associates	O
with	O
ACE2	B-PRGE
and	O
that	O
this	O
interaction	O
is	O
decreased	O
by	O
calmodulin	B-PRGE
inhibitors	B-CHED
.	O

A	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
related	O
lesion	O
in	O
each	O
zone	O
was	O
scored	O
using	O
a	O
four	O
-	O
point	O
scale	O
:	O
zero	O
to	O
three	O
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
The	O
severity	O
of	O
abnormalities	O
quantified	O
on	O
chest	B-ANAT
radiographs	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
SARS	B-DISO
correlates	O
with	O
the	O
clinical	O
parameters	O
.	O

The	O
majority	O
of	O
reported	O
cases	O
of	O
gasoline	O
intoxication	O
involve	O
oral	B-ANAT
ingestion	O
or	O
inhalation	B-PROC
.	O

Data	O
are	O
scarce	O
on	O
complications	O
and	O
outcomes	O
following	O
hydrocarbon	B-CHED
poisoning	O
by	O
intravenous	O
injection	O
.	O

Gas	B-PRGE
exchange	O
was	O
severely	O
impaired	B-DISO
and	O
a	O
chest	B-ANAT
x	O
-	O
ray	B-SPEC
indicated	O
chemical	B-DISO
pneumonitis	I-DISO
.	O

However	O
,	O
aerosolization	O
of	O
these	O
anticoagulants	B-CHED
in	O
combination	O
significantly	O
attenuated	O
all	O
the	O
observed	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
pathophysiology	O
.	O

We	O
found	O
that	O
the	O
region	O
of	O
S1	O
signed	O
as	O
S1D	O
(	O
aa	O
636789	O
)	O
was	O
able	O
to	O
react	O
with	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
antiserum	O
and	O
to	O
elicit	O
formation	B-PROC
of	O
neutralization	O
antibodies	B-COMP
in	O
mice	B-SPEC
.	O

Moreover	O
,	O
the	O
immune	O
serum	B-COMP
against	O
S1D	O
showed	O
the	O
binding	B-FUNC
ability	O
to	O
the	O
native	B-PRGE
S	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
of	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
.	O

Strikingly	O
,	O
one	O
mutation	O
,	O
an	O
A1006V	O
substitution	O
,	O
which	O
consistently	O
appeared	O
first	O
in	O
four	O
independently	O
passaged	O
viruses	B-SPEC
,	O
was	O
the	O
main	O
determinant	O
of	O
the	O
resistance	B-PROC
phenotype	O
,	O
suggesting	O
that	O
only	O
limited	O
options	O
exist	O
for	O
escape	O
from	O
the	O
inhibitory	O
effect	O
of	O
the	O
HR2	O
peptide	B-CHED
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
In	O
this	O
study	O
we	O
report	O
the	O
complete	O
sequence	O
and	O
genome	O
organization	O
of	O
the	O
serotype	O
I	O
feline	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
FCoV	O
)	O
strain	O
Black	O
.	O

Furthermore	O
,	O
a	O
reverse	O
genetic	O
system	O
was	O
established	O
for	O
this	O
FCoV	O
strain	O
by	O
cloning	O
a	O
full	O
-	O
length	O
cDNA	O
copy	O
into	O
vaccinia	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
.	O

Since	O
the	O
introduction	O
20	O
years	O
ago	O
of	O
solvent	B-CHED
-	O
detergent	B-CHED
treatment	O
,	O
very	O
effective	O
against	O
enveloped	O
viruses	B-SPEC
(	O
HIV	B-DISO
,	O
HBV	B-DISO
,	O
HCV	B-SPEC
,	O
West	B-DISO
Nile	I-DISO
virus	I-DISO
,	O
SARS	B-DISO
,	O
avian	B-SPEC
influenza	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
etc	O
),	O
there	O
have	O
been	O
no	O
known	O
cases	O
of	O
transmission	O
of	O
this	O
type	O
of	O
pathogens	O
by	O
products	O
manufactured	O
according	O
to	O
this	O
procedure	O
.	O

Although	O
there	O
is	O
no	O
evidence	O
for	O
the	O
transmission	O
of	O
classic	O
transmissible	B-DISO
spongiform	I-DISO
encephalopathies	I-DISO
(	O
TSEs	O
)	O
through	O
blood	B-ANAT
or	O
blood	B-ANAT
-	O
products	O
transfusion	O
,	O
four	O
possible	O
cases	O
have	O
been	O
reported	O
in	O
the	O
United	O
Kingdom	B-SPEC
involving	O
transmission	O
by	O
non	O
-	O
leukoreduced	O
blood	B-ANAT
components	I-ANAT
of	O
the	O
agent	O
that	O
causes	O
variant	B-DISO
Creutzfeldt	I-DISO
-	I-DISO
Jakob	I-DISO
Disease	I-DISO
(	O
vCJD	B-DISO
),	O
a	O
disease	O
linked	O
to	O
the	O
outbreak	O
of	O
bovine	B-DISO
spongiform	I-DISO
encephalopathy	I-DISO
(	O
BSE	B-DISO
)	O
which	O
took	O
place	O
in	O
that	O
country	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
there	O
are	O
no	O
cases	O
of	O
human	B-SPEC
TSE	O
(	O
classic	O
or	O
variant	O
)	O
transmission	O
by	O
plasma	B-ANAT
-	O
derived	O
products	O
.	O

Experiments	O
by	O
Grifols	O
and	O
other	O
groups	O
show	O
that	O
the	O
capacity	O
of	O
the	O
production	O
processes	O
to	O
eliminate	O
vCJD	B-DISO
agent	O
models	O
is	O
many	O
orders	O
of	O
magnitude	O
greater	O
than	O
the	O
maximum	O
expected	O
load	O
of	O
the	O
agent	O
.	O

In	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
gammaR1	I-PRGE
(-/-)	I-PRGE
RAG1	I-PRGE
(-/-)	O
recipients	O
,	O
demyelination	B-DISO
is	O
decreased	O
,	O
but	O
not	O
eliminated	O
,	O
while	O
viral	O
titers	O
are	O
significantly	O
increased	O
when	O
compared	O
to	O
IFN	O
-	O
gammaR1	O
(+/+)	O
RAG1	B-PRGE
(-/-)	O
recipients	O
.	O

In	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
RNA	O
aptamers	O
against	O
SCV	B-SPEC
NTPase	B-PRGE
/	O
Helicase	B-PRGE
(	O
nsP10	O
)	O
were	O
isolated	O
from	O
RNA	O
library	O
containing	O
random	O
sequences	O
of	O
40	O
nts	B-ANAT
using	O
in	O
vitro	O
selection	O
technique	O
.	O

Organophosphate	O
compounds	O
inhibit	O
acetylcholinesterase	B-PRGE
resulting	O
in	O
acute	O
toxicity	O
.	O

Treatment	O
involves	O
supportive	O
care	O
and	O
avoiding	O
exogenous	O
sympathomimetic	B-CHED
agents	O
.	O

Ethylene	B-CHED
dibromide	I-CHED
-	O
a	O
highly	O
toxic	O
,	O
fumigant	B-CHED
pesticide	I-CHED
-	O
produces	O
oral	B-DISO
ulcerations	I-DISO
,	O
followed	O
by	O
liver	B-ANAT
and	O
renal	B-DISO
toxicity	I-DISO
,	O
and	O
is	O
almost	O
uniformly	O
fatal	O
.	O

Faecal	B-ANAT
samples	O
were	O
collected	O
from	O
200	O
healthy	O
dogs	B-SPEC
and	O
examined	O
by	O
electron	O
microscopy	O
for	O
presence	O
of	O
viral	B-COMP
particles	I-COMP
.	O

Long	O
-	O
term	O
corticotherapy	O
represents	O
a	O
risk	O
for	O
Pneumocystis	B-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
.	O

In	O
three	O
patients	O
,	O
the	O
test	O
for	O
cytomegalovirus	B-SPEC
was	O
also	O
positive	O
in	O
the	O
bronchoalveolar	O
lavage	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Development	B-PROC
and	O
application	O
of	O
a	O
safe	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
neutralization	O
assay	O
based	O
on	O
lentiviral	O
vectors	O
pseudotyped	O
with	O
SARS	O
-	O
CoV	O
spike	O
protein	B-CHED
].	O

In	O
addition	O
culture	O
of	O
secretions	B-ANAT
from	O
upper	B-ANAT
respiratory	I-ANAT
tract	I-ANAT
is	O
not	O
useful	O
since	O
the	O
normal	O
flora	O
includes	O
the	O
bacteria	B-SPEC
commonly	O
responsible	O
for	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
results	O
can	O
well	O
explain	O
the	O
earlier	O
governmental	O
finding	O
that	O
DNA	O
strings	O
of	O
SARS	O
Corono	O
-	O
Virus	B-SPEC
were	O
detected	O
within	O
the	O
sampled	O
deposits	O
on	O
the	O
window	O
sills	O
of	O
the	O
upper	O
floors	O
of	O
the	O
two	O
index	O
patients	O
'	O
flats	O
.	O

With	O
respect	O
to	O
the	O
former	O
,	O
considerations	O
should	O
be	O
given	O
to	O
minimize	O
the	O
inter	O
-	O
flat	O
airflow	B-PROC
via	O
windows	O
flush	B-DISO
with	O
façade	O
for	O
high	O
-	O
rise	O
buildings	O
with	O
natural	O
ventilation	O
;	O
and	O
with	O
respect	O
to	O
the	O
latter	O
,	O
more	O
targeted	B-PROC
and	O
earlier	O
intervention	O
can	O
be	O
implemented	O
in	O
case	O
of	O
any	O
highly	O
infectious	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
outbreaks	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Structures	O
of	O
two	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
main	O
proteases	O
:	O
implications	O
for	O
substrate	O
binding	B-FUNC
and	O
antiviral	B-CHED
drug	I-CHED
design	O
.	O

A	O
monomeric	O
form	O
of	O
IBV	B-SPEC
M	O
(	O
pro	B-CHED
)	O
was	O
identified	O
for	O
the	O
first	O
time	O
in	O
CoV	B-PRGE
M	I-PRGE
(	I-PRGE
pro	I-PRGE
)	I-PRGE
structures	O
.	O

A	O
comparison	O
of	O
these	O
two	O
structures	O
to	O
other	O
available	O
M	O
(	O
pro	B-CHED
)	O
structures	O
provides	O
new	O
insights	O
for	O
the	O
design	O
of	O
substrate	O
-	O
based	O
inhibitors	B-CHED
targeting	B-PROC
CoV	B-PRGE
M	I-PRGE
(	I-PRGE
pro	I-PRGE
)	I-PRGE
s	I-PRGE
.	O

Furthermore	O
,	O
all	O
S	O
proteins	B-CHED
analyzed	O
were	O
posttranslationally	O
cleaved	B-ANAT
into	O
the	O
subunits	O
S1	O
and	O
S2	O
.	O

The	O
epidemic	O
,	O
icSZ16	O
-	O
S	O
K479N	O
,	O
and	O
icSZ16	O
-	O
S	O
K479N	O
D22	O
viruses	B-SPEC
replicate	O
similarly	O
in	O
the	O
BALB	O
/	O
c	O
mouse	B-ANAT
lung	I-ANAT
,	O
highlighting	O
the	O
potential	O
use	O
of	O
these	O
zoonotic	O
spike	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoVs	O
to	O
assess	O
vaccine	O
or	O
serotherapy	O
efficacy	O
in	O
vivo	O
.	O

The	O
model	O
was	O
then	O
tested	O
prospectively	O
through	O
media	B-ANAT
harvesting	O
based	O
on	O
keywords	O
corresponding	O
to	O
the	O
model	O
parameters	O
.	O

Further	O
studies	O
revealed	O
that	O
the	O
effect	O
of	O
fibroblast	B-PROC
proliferation	B-DISO
is	O
biphasic	O
,	O
with	O
the	O
promitogenic	O
effect	O
of	O
PGE2	B-CHED
noted	O
at	O
concentrations	O
close	O
to	O
that	O
detected	O
in	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
edema	I-DISO
fluid	O
from	O
ALI	O
patients	O
.	O

0	O
.	O
8	O
days	O
after	O
5	O
pneumonectomies	O
and	O
2	O
lobectomies	O
,	O
a	O
severe	O
(	O
Murray	O
score	O
,	O
2	O
.	O
9	O
+/-	O
0	O
.	O
3	O
)	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
unresponsive	O
to	O
4	O
+/-	O

This	O
study	O
examines	O
the	O
inhibitory	O
effects	O
of	O
lipids	B-CHED
extracted	O
and	O
purified	O
chromatographically	O
from	O
TB	O
on	O
the	O
surface	O
-	O
active	O
function	O
of	O
lavaged	O
bovine	B-SPEC
lung	B-ANAT
surfactant	B-CHED
(	O
LS	O
)	O
and	O
a	O
clinically	O
relevant	O
calf	B-ANAT
lung	B-ANAT
surfactant	B-CHED
extract	O
(	O
CLSE	O
).	O

Concentration	O
dependence	B-DISO
studies	O
showed	O
that	O
LS	O
was	O
also	O
inhibited	O
significantly	O
by	O
total	O
TB	O
lipids	B-CHED
at	O
0	O
.	O
075	O
mg	O
/	O
ml	O
,	O
with	O
a	O
smaller	O
activity	O
decrease	O
apparent	O
even	O
at	O
0	O
.	O
00375	O
mg	O
/	O
ml	O
.	O

In	O
contrast	O
,	O
in	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
-	O
infected	O
Caco	O
-	O
2	O
cells	B-COMP
,	O
which	O
show	O
a	O
moderate	O
cytopathic	B-DISO
effect	I-DISO
and	O
a	O
low	O
viral	O
titer	O
,	O
this	O
processing	O
of	O
N	O
was	O
not	O
observed	O
.	O

In	O
transfected	O
Vero	O
E6	O
and	O
A549	O
cells	B-COMP
,	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
N	I-PRGE
was	O
localized	O
both	O
in	O
the	O
cytoplasm	B-COMP
and	O
nucleus	B-COMP
,	O
whereas	O
in	O
Caco	O
-	O
2	O
and	O
N2a	O
cells	B-COMP
,	O
nearly	O
no	O
nuclear	O
localization	B-PROC
was	O
observed	O
.	O

To	O
date	O
,	O
12	O
structures	O
have	O
been	O
determined	O
by	O
X	O
-	O
ray	B-SPEC
crystallography	O
or	O
NMR	O
from	O
the	O
28	O
proteins	B-CHED
encoded	O
by	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
.	O
One	O
key	O
protein	B-CHED
,	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
main	O
protease	O
(	O
M	O
(	O
pro	B-CHED
)),	O
has	O
been	O
the	O
focus	O
of	O
considerable	O
structure	O
-	O
based	O
drug	O
discovery	O
efforts	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
role	O
of	O
CC	O
chemokine	B-PRGE
receptor	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
(	O
CCR1	B-PRGE
)	O
in	O
host	B-PROC
defense	I-PROC
and	O
disease	O
development	B-PROC
was	O
determined	O
in	O
a	O
model	O
of	O
viral	O
-	O
induced	O
neurologic	O
disease	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Preparation	O
of	O
armored	O
RNA	O
as	O
a	O
control	O
for	O
multiplex	O
real	O
-	O
time	O
reverse	B-PROC
transcription	I-PROC
-	O
PCR	O
detection	O
of	O
influenza	O
virus	O
and	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
We	O
intended	O
to	O
evaluate	O
the	O
diagnostic	O
usefulness	O
of	O
a	O
multiplex	O
reverse	B-PRGE
transcriptase	I-PRGE
-	O
PCR	O
(	O
mRT	B-ANAT
-	O
PCR	O
)	O
assay	O
kit	B-FUNC
under	O
dual	O
priming	O
oligonucleotide	B-CHED
system	O
(	O
DPO	O
)	O
for	O
the	O
childhood	O
acute	O
respiratory	B-DISO
tract	I-DISO
infections	I-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Favorable	O
outcome	O
of	O
gemcitabine	B-CHED
-	O
induced	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
].	O

We	O
report	O
a	O
case	O
of	O
gemcitabine	B-CHED
-	O
induced	O
ARDS	B-DISO
in	O
a	O
72	O
-	O
year	O
old	O
patient	O
treated	O
with	O
gemcitabine	B-CHED
and	O
cisplatin	B-CHED
for	O
a	O
bladder	B-PATH
cancer	B-SPEC
without	O
lung	B-DISO
metastasis	I-DISO
.	O

Administration	O
of	O
high	O
doses	O
of	O
corticosteroids	B-CHED
led	O
to	O
a	O
prompt	O
symptomatic	O
improvement	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Severe	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
oedema	I-DISO
following	O
therapeutic	O
embolization	O
with	O
Onyx	B-SPEC
for	O
cerebral	B-ANAT
arteriovenous	I-DISO
malformation	I-DISO
.	O

Ethylene	B-CHED
vinyl	B-CHED
alcohol	O
copolymer	B-CHED
dissolved	O
in	O
dimethyl	B-CHED
sulfoxide	I-CHED
(	O
DMSO	B-CHED
),	O
which	O
was	O
approved	O
by	O
the	O
US	O
FDA	O
in	O
July	O
2005	O
,	O
is	O
used	O
as	O
an	O
embolic	O
agent	O
for	O
cerebral	B-DISO
arteriovenous	I-DISO
malformation	I-DISO
(	O
AVM	B-DISO
).	O

It	O
is	O
a	O
biocompatible	O
liquid	O
polymer	B-CHED
that	O
precipitates	O
and	O
solidifies	O
on	O
contact	O
with	O
blood	B-ANAT
,	O
thus	O
forming	O
a	O
soft	O
and	O
spongy	O
embolus	O
.	O

We	O
report	O
a	O
case	O
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
following	O
therapeutic	O
embolization	O
with	O
ethylene	B-CHED
vinyl	B-CHED
alcohol	O
copolymer	B-CHED
for	O
cerebral	B-ANAT
AVM	B-DISO
under	O
general	O
anaesthesia	B-DISO
.	O

Acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
and	O
hypoxaemia	O
developed	O
in	O
the	O
patient	O
following	O
extubation	O
of	O
the	O
trachea	B-DISO
.	O

One	O
,	O
KT2	B-PRGE
(	O
KT2	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
L	I-PRGE
),	O
was	O
passaged	O
128	O
times	O
(	O
KT2	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
H	I-PRGE
)	O
in	O
swine	B-SPEC
testicular	O
cells	B-COMP
.	O

Compared	O
to	O
the	O
original	O
KT2	O
-	O
L	O
strain	O
,	O
the	O
KT2	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
H	I-PRGE
strain	O
differed	O
by	O
2	O
.	O
2	O
and	O
3	O
.	O
9	O
%	O
in	O
nucleotide	B-CHED
and	O
amino	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
sequences	O
,	O
respectively	O
.	O

Another	O
Korean	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
isolate	O
(	O
DAE	O
)	O
was	O
related	O
to	O
a	O
strain	O
from	O
China	O
and	O
one	O
from	O
the	O
USA	O
.	O

The	O
Korean	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
isolates	O
appear	O
to	O
have	O
evolved	O
from	O
a	O
separate	O
lineage	O
of	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
strain	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Responses	O
of	O
Chinese	O
elderly	O
to	O
the	O
threat	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
in	O
a	O
Canadian	O
community	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Participants	O
experienced	O
a	O
5	O
-	O
stage	O
process	O
of	O
protecting	O
self	O
,	O
family	B-SPEC
,	O
and	O
others	O
,	O
responding	O
according	O
to	O
the	O
perceived	O
threat	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Febrile	B-PROC
respiratory	O
illnesses	O
with	O
respiratory	O
failure	O
are	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
most	O
common	O
reasons	O
for	O
admission	O
to	O
the	O
intensive	O
care	O
unit	O
.	O

Recognition	O
of	O
these	O
agents	O
occurs	O
largely	O
based	O
on	O
epidemiological	O
clues	O
,	O
and	O
management	O
consists	O
of	O
antibiotics	B-CHED
,	O
antivirals	B-CHED
,	O
supportive	O
care	O
,	O
and	O
positive	O
-	O
pressure	O
ventilation	O
.	O

Transthoracic	O
echocardiography	O
was	O
performed	O
for	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
hypertension	I-DISO
assessment	O
via	O
measurement	O
of	O
tricuspid	O
regurgitant	O
jet	O
velocity	O
and	O
was	O
repeated	O
when	O
possible	O
after	O
resolution	O
.	O

All	O
112	O
infants	O
who	O
had	O
an	O
ARI	B-CHED
had	O
cough	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
39	O
(	O
35	O
%)	O
had	O
wheeze	B-DISO
.	O

Learning	B-PROC
from	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
epidemic	O
pointed	O
to	O
the	O
importance	O
of	O
quality	O
nursing	B-PROC
practice	O
considerations	O
that	O
minimize	O
cross	O
-	O
transmission	O
of	O
infection	B-DISO
while	O
maximizing	O
patient	O
-	O
focused	O
care	O
.	O

Hence	O
,	O
a	O
modular	O
nursing	B-PROC
model	O
was	O
adopted	O
.	O

Data	O
collection	O
tools	O
to	O
evaluate	O
modular	O
nursing	B-PROC
practice	O
included	O
a	O
work	O
sampling	O
observation	O
checklist	O
,	O
focused	O
group	O
interviews	O
with	O
nurses	O
,	O
questionnaires	O
addressing	O
nurses	O
'	O
perceived	O
competence	O
and	O
caring	O
attributes	O
,	O
a	O
patient	O
satisfaction	O
questionnaire	O
,	O
and	O
a	O
hand	O
hygiene	O
audit	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
3C	O
-	O
like	O
protease	O
(	O
3CL	O
pro	B-CHED
)	O
plays	O
pivotal	O
roles	O
in	O
the	O
life	O
cycle	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
and	O
only	O
the	O
dimeric	O
protease	O
is	O
proposed	O
as	O
the	O
functional	O
form	O
.	O

Seven	O
residues	O
on	O
the	O
dimer	O
interface	O
were	O
selected	O
for	O
evaluating	O
their	O
contributions	O
to	O
dimer	O
stability	O
and	O
catalytic	B-FUNC
activity	I-FUNC
by	O
biophysical	O
and	O
biochemical	O
methods	O
.	O

These	O
residues	O
are	O
involved	O
in	O
dimerization	O
through	O
hydrogen	B-CHED
bonding	O
and	O
broadly	O
located	O
in	O
the	O
N	O
-	O
terminal	O
finger	B-ANAT
,	O
the	O
alpha	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
helix	I-PRGE
A	I-PRGE
'	I-PRGE
of	I-PRGE
domain	I-PRGE
I	I-PRGE
,	O
and	O
the	O
oxyanion	O
loop	O
near	O
the	O
S1	O
substrate	O
-	O
binding	B-FUNC
subsite	O
in	O
domain	O
II	O
.	O

One	O
hundred	O
twenty	O
sera	B-COMP
collected	O
from	O
cats	B-SPEC
belonging	O
to	O
catteries	O
or	O
community	O
shelters	O
and	O
to	O
households	O
were	O
tested	O
for	O
FCoV	B-PRGE
type	I-PRGE
I	I-PRGE
and	I-PRGE
II	I-PRGE
antibodies	I-PRGE
.	O

SPEF	O
contains	O
condition	B-DISO
-	O
specific	O
nutrients	B-CHED
to	O
modulate	O
the	O
inflammatory	B-DISO
response	I-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Importance	O
of	O
conserved	O
cysteine	B-CHED
residues	O
in	O
the	O
coronavirus	B-PRGE
envelope	B-COMP
protein	B-CHED
.	O

Single	O
-	O
substitution	O
viruses	B-SPEC
exhibited	O
growth	B-PROC
characteristics	O
virtually	O
identical	O
to	O
those	O
of	O
the	O
wild	O
-	O
type	O
virus	B-SPEC
,	O
while	O
the	O
double	O
-	O
substitution	O
mutations	O
gave	O
rise	O
to	O
viruses	O
with	O
less	O
robust	O
growth	B-PROC
phenotypes	O
indicated	O
by	O
smaller	O
plaques	B-DISO
and	O
decreased	O
virus	B-SPEC
yields	O
.	O

Mutant	B-DISO
E	O
proteins	B-CHED
localized	O
properly	O
in	O
infected	O
cells	B-COMP
.	O

A	O
comparison	O
of	O
intracellular	B-COMP
and	O
extracellular	B-COMP
virus	B-SPEC
yields	O
suggested	O
that	O
release	B-PATH
is	O
only	O
slightly	O
impaired	B-DISO
.	O

Both	O
native	B-PRGE
E	I-PRGE
and	I-PRGE
E	I-PRGE
.	I-PRGE
T	I-PRGE
proteins	B-CHED
localized	O
at	O
identical	O
perinuclear	O
locations	O
,	O
and	O
both	O
copurified	O
with	O
M	O
proteins	B-CHED
,	O
but	O
E	O
.	O
T	O
was	O
entirely	O
incompetent	O
for	O
VLP	B-COMP
production	O
.	O

Studies	O
in	O
the	O
populations	O
of	O
Hong	O
Kong	O
and	O
Taiwan	O
showed	O
an	O
association	O
of	O
human	B-PRGE
leucocyte	B-ANAT
antigen	B-CHED
(	O
HLA	B-PRGE
)	O
polymorphisms	B-PROC
with	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
and	O
/	O
or	O
severity	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
,	O
respectively	O
.	O

Although	O
the	O
allelic	O
frequencies	O
of	O
A23	O
,	O
A34	O
,	O
B60	O
,	O
DRB1	O
*	O
12	O
in	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
group	O
were	O
slightly	O
higher	O
,	O
and	O
A33	O
,	O
-	O
B58	O
and	O
-	O
B61	O
were	O
lower	O
than	O
in	O
the	O
controls	O
,	O
no	O
statistical	O
significance	O
was	O
found	O
when	O
the	O
Pc	O
value	O
was	O
considered	O
.	O

Balb	O
/	O
c	O
mice	B-SPEC
inoculated	O
with	O
a	O
mixture	B-CHED
of	O
chimeric	O
VLPs	B-ANAT
and	O
alum	O
twice	O
at	O
an	O
interval	O
of	O
four	O
weeks	O
were	O
protected	O
from	O
SCoV	O
challenge	O
,	O
as	O
indicated	O
by	O
the	O
absence	O
of	O
infectious	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
in	O
the	O
lungs	B-ANAT
.	O

The	O
same	O
groups	O
of	O
mice	B-SPEC
had	O
high	O
levels	O
of	O
SCoV	O
-	O
specific	O
neutralizing	O
antibodies	B-COMP
,	O
while	O
mice	B-SPEC
in	O
the	O
negative	O
control	O
groups	O
,	O
which	O
were	O
not	O
immunized	O
with	O
chimeric	O
VLPs	B-ANAT
,	O
failed	O
to	O
manifest	O
neutralizing	O
antibodies	B-COMP
,	O
suggesting	O
that	O
SCoV	O
-	O
specific	O
neutralizing	O
antibodies	B-COMP
are	O
important	O
for	O
the	O
suppression	B-DISO
of	O
viral	O
replication	O
within	O
the	O
lungs	B-ANAT
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Knowledge	O
of	O
immunodominant	O
regions	O
in	O
major	O
viral	O
antigens	B-CHED
is	O
important	O
for	O
rational	O
design	O
of	O
effective	O
vaccines	O
and	O
diagnostic	O
tests	O
.	O

Using	O
a	O
membrane	B-COMP
-	O
strip	O
based	O
Western	O
blot	O
approach	O
,	O
the	O
reactivity	O
of	O
each	O
antigen	B-CHED
fragment	O
against	O
a	O
panel	O
of	O
animal	B-SPEC
sera	B-COMP
was	O
determined	O
.	O

Immunodominant	O
regions	O
containing	O
linear	O
epitopes	O
,	O
which	O
reacted	O
with	O
sera	O
from	O
all	O
the	O
species	B-SPEC
tested	O
,	O
were	O
identified	O
for	O
both	O
proteins	B-CHED
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
A	O
line	O
immunoassay	O
utilizing	O
recombinant	O
nucleocapsid	B-COMP
proteins	B-CHED
for	O
detection	O
of	O
antibodies	B-COMP
to	O
human	O
coronaviruses	O
.	O

Possibly	O
,	O
cross	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
reactive	I-PROC
antibody	B-PROC
responses	I-PROC
were	O
observed	O
using	O
229E	O
and	O
OC43	O
serum	B-COMP
pairs	O
.	O

This	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
strain	O
-	O
specific	O
line	O
immunoassay	O
represents	O
a	O
powerful	O
tool	O
for	O
serologic	O
diagnostics	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
There	O
is	O
no	O
therapy	O
with	O
proven	O
efficacy	O
to	O
treat	O
cats	B-SPEC
with	O
feline	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
peritonitis	I-DISO
(	O
FIP	B-DISO
).	O

No	O
effect	O
of	O
FeIFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
omega	I-PRGE
on	O
survival	O
time	O
or	O
quality	O
of	O
life	O
could	O
be	O
demonstrated	O
in	O
this	O
study	O
.	O

The	O
inhibition	B-PROC
effect	O
of	O
siRNAs	O
significantly	O
differed	O
among	O
various	O
genes	O
and	O
sites	O
on	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
genome	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Structural	O
basis	O
for	O
potent	O
cross	O
-	O
neutralizing	O
human	B-SPEC
monoclonal	O
antibody	B-COMP
protection	O
against	O
lethal	O
human	O
and	O
zoonotic	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
challenge	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
emerged	O
in	O
2002	O
,	O
and	O
detailed	O
phylogenetic	O
and	O
epidemiological	O
analyses	O
have	O
suggested	O
that	O
it	O
originated	O
from	O
animals	B-SPEC
.	O

Both	O
S227	O
.	O
14	O
and	O
S230	O
.	O
15	O
completely	O
protected	O
young	O
and	O
old	O
mice	B-SPEC
from	O
weight	O
loss	O
and	O
virus	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
in	O
the	O
lungs	B-ANAT
for	O
all	O
viruses	B-SPEC
tested	O
,	O
while	O
S109	O
.	O
8	O
completely	O
protected	O
mice	B-SPEC
from	O
weight	O
loss	O
and	O
clinical	O
signs	O
in	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
viral	O
titers	O
.	O

They	O
have	O
a	O
nonsegmented	O
negative	O
-	O
stranded	O
RNA	O
genome	O
and	O
can	O
cause	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
diseases	O
in	O
humans	B-SPEC
and	O
animals	B-SPEC
.	O

The	O
chimeric	O
virus	B-SPEC
extends	O
the	O
coding	O
capacity	O
of	O
NDV	B-SPEC
by	O
30	O
%,	O
suggesting	O
that	O
the	O
two	O
-	O
segmented	O
NDV	B-SPEC
can	O
be	O
used	O
for	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
vaccines	O
or	O
gene	O
therapy	O
vectors	O
carrying	O
long	O
and	O
multiple	O
transgenes	O
.	O

Alanine	B-CHED
substitutions	O
for	O
one	O
or	O
two	O
of	O
the	O
six	O
aromatic	O
residues	O
in	O
the	O
JMD	O
did	O
not	O
alter	O
the	O
surface	O
expression	B-PROC
of	O
the	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
S	I-PRGE
proteins	B-CHED
with	O
a	O
deletion	O
of	O
the	O
C	O
-	O
terminal	O
19	O
amino	B-CHED
acids	I-CHED
(	O
S	O
Delta19	O
)	O
or	O
reduce	O
binding	B-FUNC
to	O
soluble	O
human	B-PRGE
ACE2	I-PRGE
(	O
hACE2	O
).	O

The	O
aromatic	B-CHED
amino	I-CHED
acids	I-CHED
in	O
the	O
JMD	O
of	O
the	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
S	I-PRGE
glycoprotein	B-CHED
play	O
critical	O
roles	O
in	O
receptor	O
-	O
dependent	O
virus	B-SPEC
-	O
cell	B-COMP
and	O
cell	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
cell	B-COMP
fusion	I-PROC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
evaluate	O
the	O
therapeutic	O
effect	O
of	O
alanyl	O
-	O
glutamine	B-CHED
dipeptide	B-CHED
(	O
AGD	O
)	O
in	O
the	O
treatment	O
of	O
severe	O
acute	B-DISO
pancreatitis	I-DISO
(	O
SAP	O
)	O
in	O
early	O
and	O
advanced	O
stage	O
.	O

The	O
infection	B-DISO
rate	O
(	O
7	O
.	O
9	O
%	O
vs	O
26	O
.	O
3	O
%,	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
),	O
operation	O
rate	O
(	O
13	O
.	O
2	O
%	O
vs	O
34	O
.	O
2	O
%,	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
)	O
and	O
mortality	O
(	O
5	O
.	O
3	O
%	O
vs	O
21	O
.	O
1	O
%,	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
)	O
in	O
the	O
early	O
treatment	O
group	O
were	O
lower	O
than	O
in	O
the	O
late	O
treatment	O
group	O
.	O

Nurses	O
who	O
were	O
vaccinated	O
in	O
2006	O
were	O
more	O
likely	O
to	O
get	O
vaccinated	O
in	O
2007	O
(	O
P	O
<.	O
01	O
);	O
56	O
%	O
of	O
the	O
nurses	O
perceived	O
influenza	B-DISO
vaccine	O
as	O
being	O
effective	O
against	O
influenza	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
DNA	O
hybridization	B-PROC
biosensors	O
using	O
polylysine	B-CHED
modified	O
SPCEs	O
.	O

Both	O
genosensors	O
rely	O
on	O
the	O
hybridization	B-PROC
of	O
the	O
oligonucleotide	B-CHED
target	O
with	O
its	O
complementary	O
probe	O
,	O
which	O
is	O
immobilized	O
on	O
positively	O
charged	O
polylysine	B-CHED
modified	O
screen	O
-	O
printed	O
carbon	B-CHED
electrodes	O
(	O
SPCEs	O
),	O
through	O
electrostatic	O
interactions	O
.	O

Using	O
30	O
min	O
of	O
hybridization	B-PROC
time	O
,	O
a	O
detection	O
limit	O
of	O
8	O
pM	O
is	O
calculated	O
for	O
the	O
enzymatic	O
genosensor	O
.	O

In	O
the	O
few	O
studies	O
of	O
the	O
long	O
-	O
term	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
sequelae	O
,	O
it	O
seems	O
that	O
certain	O
children	O
surviving	O
meconium	B-DISO
aspiration	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
keep	O
an	O
obstructive	O
syndrome	B-DISO
.	O

Patients	O
admitted	O
during	O
an	O
L1	O
designation	O
with	O
a	O
severe	O
head	O
,	O
chest	B-ANAT
,	O
or	O
abdominal	B-ANAT
or	O
pelvic	B-ANAT
injury	O
diagnosis	O
had	O
a	O
significant	O
decrease	O
in	O
mortality	O
(	O
9	O
.	O
96	O
%	O
vs	O
14	O
.	O
51	O
%	O
[	O
P	O
=	O
.	O
005	O
],	O
7	O
.	O
14	O
%	O
vs	O
11	O
.	O
27	O
%	O
[	O
P	O
=	O
.	O
01	O
],	O
and	O
6	O
.	O
76	O
%	O
vs	O
17	O
.	O
05	O
%	O
[	O
P	O
=	O
.	O
002	O
],	O
respectively	O
),	O
as	O
did	O
patients	O
who	O
developed	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
during	O
their	O
hospital	O
stay	O
(	O
9	O
.	O
51	O
%	O
vs	O
26	O
.	O
87	O
%;	O
P	O
=	O
.	O
02	O
).	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
Cox	O
model	O
has	O
been	O
the	O
mainstay	O
of	O
survival	O
analysis	O
in	O
the	O
critically	B-DISO
ill	I-DISO
and	O
time	O
-	O
dependent	O
covariates	O
have	O
infrequently	O
been	O
incorporated	O
into	O
survival	O
analysis	O
.	O

The	O
conserved	O
intergenic	O
motif	O
(	O
ATAAAC	O
),	O
as	O
previously	O
recognized	O
in	O
Br1	O
/	O
87	O
,	O
was	O
found	O
in	O
the	O
5	O
nucleotides	B-CHED
upstream	O
of	O
the	O
initiator	O
ATG	O
of	O
M	O
protein	B-CHED
genes	O
of	O
six	O
Chinese	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
isolates	O
.	O

On	O
the	O
basis	O
of	O
the	O
phylogenetic	O
relationship	O
of	O
M	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
genes	I-PRGE
,	O
six	O
Chinese	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
isolates	O
composed	O
of	O
a	O
separate	O
cluster	O
including	O
one	O
Chinese	O
strain	O
JS	O
-	O
2004	O
-	O
02	O
,	O
however	O
,	O
not	O
including	O
the	O
Chinese	O
strain	O
LJB	O
/	O
03	O
.	O

Understanding	O
the	O
risks	O
involved	O
and	O
the	O
airway	B-ANAT
techniques	O
required	O
for	O
each	O
possible	O
scenario	O
will	O
be	O
key	O
to	O
planning	O
and	O
preparation	O
.	O

More	O
than	O
twelve	O
peaks	O
were	O
differentially	O
expressed	B-PROC
in	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
with	O
one	O
at	O
m	O
/	O
z	O
of	O
11	O
,	O
695	O
(	O
later	O
identified	O
to	O
be	O
serum	B-PRGE
amyloid	B-DISO
A	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
),	O
which	O
had	O
increase	O
in	O
peak	O
intensity	O
correlating	O
with	O
the	O
extent	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
induced	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
as	O
defined	O
by	O
a	O
serial	O
chest	B-ANAT
X	O
-	O
ray	B-SPEC
opacity	B-DISO
score	O
.	O

Likewise	O
,	O
patent	O
applications	O
for	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
protease	B-PROC
inhibitors	I-PROC
and	O
interferon	B-PRGE
and	O
mismatched	O
dsRNA	B-CHED
also	O
need	O
to	O
be	O
watched	O
for	O
potential	O
application	O
in	O
treatment	O
and	O
prevention	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
.	O
Here	O
,	O
we	O
review	O
the	O
recent	O
advances	O
and	O
inventions	O
that	O
target	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
CoV	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
in	O
humans	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
is	O
an	O
epidemic	O
that	O
spread	O
worldwide	O
in	O
early	O
2003	O
.	O

The	O
association	O
with	O
potentially	O
injurious	O
ventilator	O
settings	O
,	O
in	O
particular	O
large	O
tidal	O
volumes	O
,	O
suggests	O
that	O
additional	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
in	O
mechanically	O
ventilated	O
patients	O
without	O
ALI	O
/	O
ARDS	B-DISO
is	O
,	O
in	O
part	O
,	O
a	O
preventable	O
complication	B-DISO
.	O

Treatment	O
of	O
cells	B-COMP
with	O
either	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
spike	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
or	O
spike	O
-	O
bearing	O
pseudoviruses	O
resulted	O
in	O
the	O
translocation	B-DISO
of	O
angiotensin	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
converting	I-PRGE
enzyme	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
(	O
ACE2	B-PRGE
),	O
the	O
functional	O
receptor	O
of	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
,	O
from	O
the	O
cell	B-COMP
surface	I-COMP
to	O
endosomes	O
.	O

Forty	O
seven	O
cases	O
with	O
severe	O
dyspnea	B-DISO
history	O
were	O
reviewed	O
and	O
retrospective	O
analysis	O
performed	O
.	O

Sera	B-COMP
were	O
negative	O
for	O
antibodies	B-COMP
against	O
the	O
other	O
six	O
pathogens	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Coronavirus	B-SPEC
spike	O
protein	B-CHED
inhibits	O
host	B-COMP
cell	I-COMP
translation	B-PROC
by	O
interaction	O
with	O
eIF3f	B-PRGE
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
The	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
ferret	B-SPEC
model	O
in	O
an	O
infection	B-DISO
-	O
challenge	O
study	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Phase	O
I	O
human	B-SPEC
clinical	O
studies	O
involving	O
therapeutics	O
for	O
emerging	O
and	O
biodefense	O
pathogens	O
with	O
low	O
incidence	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
the	O
severe	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
),	O
requires	O
at	O
a	O
minimum	O
preclinical	O
evaluation	O
of	O
efficacy	O
in	O
two	O
well	O
-	O
characterized	O
and	O
robust	O
animal	B-SPEC
models	O
.	O

Thus	O
,	O
a	O
ferret	B-SPEC
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
model	O
was	O
evaluated	O
over	O
a	O
period	O
of	O
58	O
days	O
following	O
extensive	O
optimization	O
and	O
characterization	O
of	O
the	O
model	O
in	O
order	B-SPEC
to	O
validate	O
clinical	O
,	O
histopathological	O
,	O
virological	O
and	O
immunological	O
endpoints	O
.	O

Numerous	O
reports	O
have	O
implied	O
that	O
the	O
fecal	B-ANAT
microflora	O
may	O
contribute	O
to	O
the	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
of	O
NEC	O
.	O

Indications	O
for	O
surgery	O
include	O
clinical	O
deterioration	O
,	O
perforation	O
,	O
peritonitis	B-DISO
,	O
obstruction	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
abdominal	B-ANAT
mass	O
.	O

Eighteen	O
infants	O
(	O
78	O
.	O
2	O
%)	O
required	O
high	O
frequency	O
oscillatory	O
ventilation	O
(	O
HFOV	O
)	O
with	O
a	O
rapid	O
and	O
persistant	O
improvement	O
of	O
oxygenation	B-PROC
parameters	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Steady	O
-	O
state	O
and	O
pre	O
-	O
steady	O
-	O
state	O
kinetic	O
evaluation	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
3CLpro	O
cysteine	B-PRGE
protease	I-PRGE
:	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
an	O
ion	O
-	O
pair	O
model	O
for	O
catalysis	O
.	O

Steady	O
-	O
state	O
solvent	B-CHED
isotope	O
effect	O
(	O
SIE	O
)	O
studies	O
showed	O
an	O
inverse	O
SIE	O
for	O
the	O
amide	B-CHED
but	O
not	O
ester	B-CHED
substrates	O
.	O

Proton	B-CHED
inventory	O
(	O
PI	O
)	O
studies	O
on	O
amide	B-CHED
peptide	B-CHED
hydrolysis	O
were	O
consistent	O
with	O
two	O
proton	B-CHED
-	O
transfer	O
reactions	O
in	O
the	O
transition	B-DISO
state	O
while	O
the	O
ester	B-CHED
data	O
was	O
consistent	O
with	O
a	O
single	O
proton	B-CHED
-	O
transfer	O
reaction	O
.	O

There	O
are	O
currently	O
no	O
known	O
immune	O
correlates	O
of	O
protection	O
against	O
HIV	B-DISO
.	O

We	O
present	O
the	O
case	O
of	O
a	O
31	O
-	O
year	O
-	O
old	O
female	O
who	O
developed	O
respiratory	B-DISO
distress	I-DISO
with	O
unilateral	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
oedema	I-DISO
and	O
left	O
ventricular	B-ANAT
(	O
LV	O
)	O
dysfunction	O
in	O
the	O
context	O
of	O
neurological	O
sequelae	O
and	O
diagnostic	O
evaluation	O
consistent	O
with	O
acute	O
MS	O
exacerbation	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
The	O
-	O
1082	O
interleukin	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
10	I-PRGE
polymorphism	B-PROC
is	O
associated	O
with	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
after	O
major	O
trauma	O
:	O
a	O
prospective	O
cohort	O
study	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
The	O
nucleocapsid	B-COMP
protein	B-CHED
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
associated	I-DISO
coronavirus	I-DISO
inhibits	O
B23	O
phosphorylation	B-PROC
.	O

Nucleocapsid	B-COMP
(	O
N	O
)	O
protein	B-CHED
of	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
encapsidates	O
the	O
viral	O
RNA	O
and	O
plays	O
an	O
important	O
role	O
in	O
virus	B-PROC
particle	I-PROC
assembly	I-PROC
and	O
release	B-PATH
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Risk	O
factors	O
for	O
severe	O
respiratory	B-SPEC
syncytial	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
disease	O
in	O
children	O
with	O
cancer	B-DISO
:	O
the	O
importance	O
of	O
lymphopenia	O
and	O
young	O
age	O
.	O

Fifty	O
-	O
eight	O
patients	O
met	B-CHED
the	O
study	O
criteria	O
.	O

Of	O
all	O
patients	O
with	O
lower	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
tract	I-DISO
infections	I-DISO
,	O
31	O
%	O
died	B-PROC
as	O
a	O
result	O
of	O
respiratory	B-DISO
syncytial	I-DISO
virus	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
.	O

The	O
inoculation	O
of	O
testis	O
samples	O
into	O
embryonated	O
chicken	B-SPEC
eggs	O
via	O
the	O
allantoic	O
cavity	B-DISO
resulted	O
in	O
curled	O
,	O
hemorrhagic	O
,	O
and	O
stunted	O
embryos	B-ANAT
typical	O
of	O
IBV	B-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
NDV	B-PRGE
+	I-PRGE
Ark	I-PRGE
vaccines	O
used	O
were	O
commercial	O
vaccines	O
manufactured	O
as	O
single	O
entity	O
products	O
that	O
were	O
administered	O
by	O
eyedrop	O
to	O
opposite	O
eyes	B-ANAT
of	O
each	O
chicken	O
.	O

In	O
the	O
C2	O
+	O
Mass	O
vaccination	O
trial	O
,	O
IBV	B-SPEC
immunity	B-PROC
after	O
challenge	O
was	O
reduced	O
,	O
but	O
it	O
did	O
not	O
seem	O
to	O
be	O
a	O
result	O
of	O
reduced	O
Mass	O
vaccine	O
growth	B-PROC
or	O
the	O
ability	O
of	O
the	O
Mass	O
vaccine	O
to	O
induce	O
serum	B-COMP
IBV	B-SPEC
antibody	B-COMP
.	O

However	O
,	O
interference	O
with	O
NDV	B-SPEC
replication	O
was	O
not	O
reflected	O
in	O
a	O
reduction	O
in	O
Newcastle	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
challenge	O
of	O
immunity	B-PROC
findings	O
when	O
combination	O
Mass	O
+	O
NDV	B-SPEC
products	O
manufactured	O
by	O
vaccine	O
companies	O
were	O
tested	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Infectious	O
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
IBV	B-SPEC
)	O
is	O
the	O
causative	O
agent	O
of	O
avian	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
bronchitis	I-DISO
,	O
which	O
is	O
characterized	O
by	O
respiratory	O
,	O
reproductive	B-PROC
,	O
and	O
renal	B-ANAT
signs	O
.	O

Birds	B-SPEC
were	O
presenting	O
watery	O
diarrhea	O
and	O
poor	O
general	O
condition	B-DISO
but	O
were	O
without	O
respiratory	O
,	O
renal	B-ANAT
,	O
or	O
reproductive	B-PROC
signs	O
.	O

Using	O
an	O
epidemiologic	O
model	O
,	O
we	O
simulated	O
exportation	O
of	O
cases	O
from	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
-	O
like	O
and	O
influenza	B-DISO
-	O
like	O
epidemics	O
in	O
a	O
population	O
for	O
which	O
a	O
small	O
proportion	O
travel	O
more	O
frequently	O
than	O
the	O
rest	B-FUNC
.	O

To	O
determine	O
whether	O
bats	B-SPEC
in	O
North	O
America	O
also	O
harbor	O
coronaviruses	O
,	O
we	O
used	O
reverse	B-PROC
transcription	I-PROC
-	O
PCR	O
to	O
detect	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
RNA	O
in	O
bats	B-SPEC
.	O

Because	O
of	O
the	O
potential	O
for	O
bat	B-ENZY
coronaviruses	O
to	O
cause	O
disease	O
in	O
humans	B-SPEC
and	O
animals	B-SPEC
,	O
further	O
surveillance	O
and	O
characterization	O
of	O
bat	B-ENZY
coronaviruses	O
in	O
North	O
America	O
are	O
needed	O
.	O

Therefore	O
,	O
we	O
conducted	O
a	O
population	O
-	O
based	O
survey	O
of	O
persons	O
'	O
precautionary	O
actions	O
in	O
response	O
to	O
a	O
hypothetical	O
influenza	B-DISO
pandemic	O
.	O

We	O
detected	O
antibody	B-COMP
reactive	O
with	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
antigen	B-CHED
in	O
47	O
(	O
6	O
.	O
7	O
%)	O
of	O
705	O
bat	B-ENZY
serum	B-COMP
specimens	O
comprising	O
26	O
species	B-SPEC
collected	O
in	O
Africa	O
;	O
thus	O
,	O
African	O
bats	B-SPEC
may	O
harbor	O
agents	O
related	O
to	O
putative	O
group	O
4	O
CoV	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Broad	O
-	O
spectrum	O
analysis	O
for	O
pathogens	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
respiratory	B-DISO
tract	I-DISO
infections	I-DISO
is	O
becoming	O
more	O
relevant	O
as	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
potential	O
infectious	B-DISO
agents	O
is	O
still	O
increasing	O
.	O

Here	O
we	O
describe	O
the	O
new	O
multiparameter	O
RespiFinder	O
assay	O
,	O
which	O
is	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
multiplex	O
ligation	O
-	O
dependent	O
probe	O
amplification	B-DISO
(	O
MLPA	O
)	O
technology	O
.	O

This	O
assay	O
detects	O
15	O
respiratory	O
viruses	B-SPEC
in	O
one	O
reaction	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
In	O
late	O
2002	O
,	O
cases	O
of	O
life	O
-	O
threatening	O
respiratory	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
with	O
no	O
identifiable	O
cause	O
were	O
reported	O
from	O
Guangdong	O
Province	O
,	O
China	O
,	O
and	O
they	O
were	O
followed	O
by	O
reports	O
from	O
other	O
countries	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Recent	O
studies	O
have	O
suggested	O
that	O
bats	O
are	O
the	O
natural	O
reservoir	O
of	O
a	O
range	O
of	O
coronaviruses	O
(	O
CoVs	O
),	O
and	O
that	O
rhinolophid	O
bats	B-SPEC
harbor	O
viruses	B-SPEC
closely	O
related	O
to	O
the	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
CoV	O
,	O
which	O
caused	O
an	O
outbreak	O
of	O
respiratory	O
illness	O
in	O
humans	B-SPEC
during	O
2002	O
-	O
2003	O
.	O

These	O
shifts	O
may	O
be	O
due	O
to	O
either	O
virus	B-SPEC
biologic	O
traits	O
or	O
host	B-COMP
behavioral	B-PROC
traits	O
.	O

Thus	O
,	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
might	O
be	O
susceptible	O
to	O
reinfection	O
>	O
or	O
=	O
3	O
years	O
after	O
initial	O
exposure	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Anti	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
interleukin	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
8	I-PRGE
autoantibody	I-PRGE
:	O
interleukin	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
8	I-PRGE
immune	O
complexes	O
in	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
/	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

This	O
report	O
studied	O
the	O
cardiovascular	B-ANAT
changes	O
in	O
fatal	O
cases	O
of	O
leptospirosis	B-DISO
in	O
Mumbai	O
city	O
,	O
India	O
in	O
the	O
year	O
2005	O
.	O

The	O
majority	O
(	O
86	O
%)	O
were	O
adults	O
;	O
all	O
presented	O
as	O
acute	O
febrile	B-DISO
illness	I-DISO
that	O
terminated	O
with	O
severe	O
respiratory	B-DISO
insufficiency	I-DISO
.	O

We	O
sequenced	O
the	O
spike	O
glycoprotein	B-CHED
of	O
12	O
IBV	B-SPEC
vaccines	O
(	O
5	O
different	O
serotypes	O
from	O
3	O
different	O
manufacturers	O
)	O
directly	O
from	O
the	O
vaccine	O
vial	O
,	O
then	O
compared	O
that	O
sequence	O
with	O
reisolated	O
viruses	B-SPEC
from	O
vaccinated	O
and	O
contact	O
-	O
exposed	O
birds	B-SPEC
over	O
time	O
.	O

This	O
information	O
is	O
also	O
valuable	O
for	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
safer	O
modified	O
live	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
vaccines	O
.	O

Multivariable	O
Cox	O
proportional	O
hazards	O
analysis	O
showed	O
significant	O
risks	O
for	O
BOS	B-DISO
were	O
highest	O
B	O
grade	O
(	O
relative	O
risk	O
[	O
RR	O
],	O
1	O
.	O
62	O
;	O
95	O
%	O
confidence	O
interval	O
[	O
CI	O
],	O
1	O
.	O
31	O
-	O
2	O
.	O
00	O
)	O
(	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
001	O
),	O
longer	O
ischemic	O
time	O
(	O
RR	O
,	O
1	O
.	O
00	O
;	O
CI	O
,	O
1	O
.	O
00	O
-	O
1	O
.	O
00	O
)	O
(	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
),	O
and	O
recent	O
year	O
of	O
transplant	B-ANAT
(	O
RR	O
,	O
0	O
.	O
93	O
;	O
CI	O
,	O
0	O
.	O
87	O
-	O
1	O
.	O
00	O
)	O
(	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
),	O
whereas	O
risks	O
for	O
death	B-PROC
were	O
BOS	B-DISO
as	O
a	O
time	O
-	O
dependent	O
covariable	O
(	O
RR	O
,	O
19	O
.	O
10	O
;	O
CI	O
,	O
11	O
.	O
07	O
-	O
32	O
.	O
96	O
)	O
(	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
001	O
)	O
and	O
highest	O
B	O
grade	O
(	O
RR	O
,	O
1	O
.	O
36	O
;	O
CI	O
,	O
1	O
.	O
07	O
-	O
1	O
.	O
72	O
)	O
(	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
).	O

The	O
patient	O
clinically	O
showed	O
hypotension	O
tachypnea	B-DISO
and	O
increasing	O
dyspnea	B-DISO
.	O

In	O
conclusion	O
,	O
although	O
rare	O
and	O
associated	O
with	O
specific	O
risk	O
factors	O
,	O
hypophosphatemia	B-DISO
should	O
be	O
suspected	O
in	O
patients	O
who	O
develop	O
unexplained	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

Factors	O
influencing	O
progression	O
to	O
fibroproliferative	O
ARDS	B-DISO
vs	O
.	O
resolution	O
and	O
reconstitution	O
of	O
the	O
normal	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
parenchymal	O
architecture	O
are	O
poorly	O
understood	O
.	O

Understanding	O
the	O
mechanisms	O
leading	O
to	O
and	O
regulating	O
fibroproliferative	O
changes	O
may	O
contribute	O
to	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
novel	O
early	O
therapeutic	O
interventions	O
in	O
ARDS	B-DISO
/	O
ALI	O
patients	O
.	O

All	O
experimental	O
data	O
indicated	O
that	O
oxidative	B-DISO
stress	I-DISO
in	O
host	B-COMP
cells	B-COMP
is	O
an	O
important	O
factor	O
in	O
HCoV	O
229E	O
infectivity	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
crisis	O
exposed	O
serious	O
deficiencies	O
in	O
China	O
'	O
s	O
public	O
health	O
system	O
and	O
willingness	O
to	O
report	O
outbreaks	O
of	O
threats	O
to	O
public	O
health	O
.	O

The	O
pIRES	O
-	O
S1	O
,	O
pIRES	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
IL2	I-PRGE
and	O
pIRES	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
S1	I-PRGE
/	I-PRGE
IL	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
plasmid	O
expressing	O
or	O
co	O
-	O
expressing	O
S1	O
and	O
IL	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
were	O
constructed	O
.	O

The	O
7	O
-	O
day	O
-	O
old	O
chickens	B-SPEC
were	O
immunized	O
intramuscularly	O
with	O
plasmids	O
encapsulated	O
by	O
liposome	O
and	O
boosted	O
three	O
weeks	O
later	O
.	O

The	O
costs	O
of	O
death	B-PROC
and	O
morbidity	O
in	O
lost	B-CHED
wages	O
,	O
lost	B-CHED
taxes	O
,	O
and	O
rehabilitative	O
costs	O
,	O
let	O
alone	O
the	O
emotional	O
costs	O
,	O
are	O
enormous	O
.	O

Use	O
of	O
inhaled	O
nitric	B-CHED
oxide	I-CHED
in	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
traumatic	O
brain	B-ANAT
injury	O
and	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
will	O
show	O
a	O
benefit	O
through	O
improved	O
physiological	O
parameters	O
,	O
a	O
decrease	O
in	O
biochemical	O
markers	O
of	O
inflammation	B-DISO
and	O
brain	B-ANAT
injury	O
,	O
thus	O
leading	O
to	O
better	O
outcomes	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
exerted	B-PROC
a	O
massive	O
toll	O
on	O
Hong	O
Kong	O
'	O
s	O
healthcare	O
system	O
in	O
2003	O
.	O

Personal	O
reflective	O
essays	O
written	O
in	O
2004	O
by	O
seven	O
senior	O
nurses	O
studying	O
a	O
part	O
-	O
time	O
Masters	O
in	O
Nursing	B-PROC
degree	O
at	O
a	O
Hong	O
Kong	O
university	O
were	O
analysed	O
using	O
a	O
form	O
of	O
content	O
analysis	O
.	O

Rhinovirus	B-SPEC
and	O
adenovirus	B-DISO
were	O
most	O
frequently	O
detected	O
during	O
URI	O
.	O

Young	O
age	O
was	O
the	O
most	O
important	O
predictor	O
of	O
AOM	B-DISO
that	O
complicated	O
URI	B-PRGE
.	O

MDMA	B-CHED
is	O
a	O
major	O
cause	O
of	O
acute	O
severe	O
hyponatraemia	O
and	O
also	O
has	O
been	O
linked	O
with	O
hepatic	B-ANAT
syndromes	B-DISO
.	O

However	O
,	O
steroid	B-CHED
seem	O
to	O
shorten	O
the	O
length	O
of	O
hospital	O
stay	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Lipid	B-COMP
rafts	I-COMP
often	O
serve	O
as	O
an	O
entry	O
site	O
for	O
certain	O
viruses	O
.	O

MbetaCD	O
-	O
treatment	O
inhibited	O
infectivity	O
of	O
pseudotyped	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
by	O
90	O
%.	O

Resuscitation	O
included	O
early	O
administration	O
of	O
antidote	B-CHED
by	O
emergency	B-DISO
medical	O
personnel	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
high	O
-	O
dose	O
atropine	B-CHED
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Misrepresentation	O
of	O
health	O
risks	O
by	O
mass	O
media	B-ANAT
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
The	O
number	O
of	O
media	B-ANAT
reports	O
inversely	O
correlated	O
with	O
the	O
actual	O
number	O
of	O
deaths	B-PROC
for	O
the	O
health	O
risks	O
evaluated	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Cytokine	O
responses	O
in	O
porcine	B-SPEC
respiratory	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
-	O
infected	O
pigs	B-SPEC
treated	O
with	O
corticosteroids	B-CHED
as	O
a	O
model	O
for	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

Our	O
findings	O
suggest	O
that	O
future	O
glucocorticoid	B-CHED
treatment	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
should	O
be	O
reconsidered	O
in	O
the	O
context	O
of	O
potential	O
local	O
immunosuppression	B-PROC
of	O
immune	B-PROC
responses	I-PROC
in	O
lung	B-ANAT
and	O
systemic	O
Th1	O
cytokine	O
-	O
biased	O
suppression	B-DISO
.	O

Despite	O
their	O
relative	O
seclusion	O
from	O
the	O
rest	B-FUNC
of	O
the	O
world	O
,	O
cats	B-SPEC
and	O
dogs	B-SPEC
of	O
Isabela	O
were	O
exposed	O
to	O
many	O
pathogens	O
found	O
in	O
mainland	O
South	O
America	O
.	O

While	O
the	O
upper	O
region	O
of	O
SL1	B-PRGE
is	O
required	O
to	O
be	O
paired	O
,	O
we	O
observe	O
strong	O
genetic	B-PROC
selection	I-PROC
against	O
viruses	B-SPEC
that	O
contain	O
a	O
deletion	O
of	O
A35	O
,	O
an	O
extrahelical	O
nucleotide	B-CHED
that	O
destabilizes	O
SL1	B-PRGE
,	O
in	O
favor	O
of	O
genomes	O
that	O
contain	O
a	O
diverse	O
panel	O
of	O
destabilizing	O
second	O
-	O
site	O
mutations	O
,	O
due	O
to	O
introduction	O
of	O
a	O
noncanonical	O
base	B-FUNC
pair	I-FUNC
near	O
A35	O
.	O

Thermal	O
denaturation	B-PROC
and	O
imino	B-CHED
proton	B-CHED
solvent	B-CHED
exchange	O
experiments	O
reveal	O
that	O
the	O
lower	O
half	O
of	O
SL1	B-PRGE
is	O
unstable	O
and	O
that	O
second	O
-	O
site	O
SL1	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
DeltaA35	I-PRGE
substitutions	O
are	O
characterized	O
by	O
one	O
or	O
more	O
features	O
of	O
the	O
wild	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
type	I-PRGE
SL1	I-PRGE
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Development	B-PROC
of	O
vaccines	O
against	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
is	O
crucial	O
in	O
the	O
prevention	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
reemergence	O
.	O

Other	O
neurological	O
diagnoses	O
present	O
in	O
this	O
study	O
were	O
Rett	B-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
,	O
neuromuscular	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
and	O
meningomyelocele	B-DISO
.	O

Among	O
children	O
that	O
did	O
not	O
develop	O
ARI	B-CHED
,	O
the	O
predominant	O
motor	O
pattern	O
was	O
:	O
28	O
with	O
quadriplegia	B-DISO
,	O
38	O
diplegia	B-DISO
,	O
10	O
hemiplegia	B-DISO
,	O
12	O
with	O
involuntary	B-DISO
movement	I-DISO
(	O
choeroathethosis	O
)	O
and	O
six	O
without	O
motor	O
involvement	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
the	O
sizes	O
of	O
the	O
corresponding	O
open	O
reading	O
frames	O
(	O
ORFs	O
)	O
of	O
some	O
genes	O
varied	O
among	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
strains	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
A	O
prospective	O
2	O
-	O
year	O
analysis	O
including	O
322	O
infant	O
patients	O
with	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
(	O
ARD	B-ENZY
)	O
hospitalized	O
in	O
a	O
pediatric	O
department	O
in	O
northern	O
Italy	O
was	O
carried	O
out	O
to	O
evaluate	O
the	O
role	O
as	O
respiratory	O
pathogens	O
or	O
co	O
-	O
pathogens	O
of	O
recently	O
identified	O
viruses	B-SPEC
.	O

The	O
neurovirulent	O
spike	O
gene	O
chimera	B-DISO
SJHM	O
/	O
RA59	O
induces	O
high	O
levels	O
of	O
T	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
and	O
macrophages	B-ANAT
in	O
the	O
brain	B-ANAT
compared	O
to	O
the	O
attenuated	O
SA59	O
/	O
RJHM	O
chimera	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Viral	B-PROC
infections	I-PROC
in	O
patients	O
with	O
chronic	B-DISO
obstructive	I-DISO
pulmonary	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
.	O

There	O
is	O
increasing	O
evidence	O
that	O
implicates	O
viral	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
as	O
a	O
major	O
risk	O
factor	O
for	O
exacerbations	O
of	O
chronic	B-DISO
obstructive	I-DISO
pulmonary	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
.	O

Coronavirus	B-SPEC
,	O
influenza	B-DISO
,	O
respiratory	B-SPEC
syncytial	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
,	O
parainfluenza	B-DISO
,	O
adenovirus	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
metapneumovirus	B-SPEC
are	O
other	O
important	O
viral	O
causes	O
of	O
chronic	B-DISO
obstructive	I-DISO
pulmonary	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
exacerbations	O
.	O

The	O
use	O
of	O
biomarkers	O
represents	O
an	O
exciting	O
new	O
potential	O
diagnostic	O
tool	O
that	O
may	O
lend	O
new	O
insights	O
into	O
the	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
of	O
viral	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
in	O
patients	O
with	O
chronic	B-DISO
obstructive	I-DISO
pulmonary	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Coronavirus	B-SPEC
infection	I-DISO
modulates	O
the	O
unfolded	O
protein	B-CHED
response	O
and	O
mediates	O
sustained	O
translational	B-PROC
repression	I-PROC
.	O

We	O
hypothesized	O
that	O
the	O
association	O
and	O
intense	O
utilization	O
of	O
the	O
ER	O
during	O
viral	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
would	O
induce	O
the	O
cellular	B-COMP
unfolded	O
protein	B-CHED
response	O
(	O
UPR	O
),	O
a	O
signal	B-PROC
transduction	I-PROC
cascade	O
that	O
acts	O
to	O
modulate	O
translation	B-PROC
,	O
membrane	B-COMP
biosynthesis	B-PROC
,	O
and	O
the	O
levels	O
of	O
ER	O
chaperones	O
.	O

Our	O
study	O
results	O
help	O
to	O
clarify	O
previously	O
published	O
controversial	O
claims	O
about	O
the	O
role	O
of	O
the	O
N	O
-	O
finger	B-ANAT
in	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
M	O
(	O
pro	B-CHED
)	O
dimerization	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
nsp1	B-PRGE
suppresses	O
host	B-COMP
gene	B-PROC
expression	I-PROC
,	O
including	O
that	O
of	O
type	O
I	O
interferon	O
,	O
in	O
infected	O
cells	B-COMP
.	O

Both	O
a	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
mutant	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
,	O
encoding	O
the	O
nsp1	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
mt	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
(	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
mt	I-PRGE
),	O
and	O
a	O
wild	O
-	O
type	O
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
-	O
WT	O
)	O
replicated	O
efficiently	O
and	O
exhibited	O
similar	O
one	O
-	O
step	O
growth	B-PROC
kinetics	O
in	O
susceptible	O
cells	B-COMP
.	O

Both	O
viruses	B-SPEC
accumulated	O
similar	O
amounts	O
of	O
virus	B-SPEC
-	O
specific	O
mRNAs	O
and	O
nsp1	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
in	O
infected	O
cells	B-COMP
,	O
whereas	O
the	O
amounts	O
of	O
endogenous	O
host	B-COMP
mRNAs	O
were	O
clearly	O
higher	O
in	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
-	O
mt	O
-	O
infected	O
cells	O
than	O
in	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
-	O
WT	O
-	O
infected	O
cells	B-COMP
,	O
in	O
both	O
the	O
presence	O
and	O
absence	O
of	O
actinomycin	B-CHED
D	I-CHED
.	O
Further	O
,	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
WT	I-PRGE
replication	O
strongly	O
inhibited	O
host	B-COMP
protein	B-PROC
synthesis	I-PROC
,	O
whereas	O
host	B-PRGE
protein	B-PROC
synthesis	I-PROC
inhibition	I-PROC
in	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
-	O
mt	O
-	O
infected	O
cells	B-COMP
was	O
not	O
as	O
efficient	O
as	O
in	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
-	O
WT	O
-	O
infected	O
cells	B-COMP
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
RNase	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
resistant	I-PRGE
virus	B-ANAT
-	I-ANAT
like	I-ANAT
particles	I-ANAT
containing	I-PRGE
long	I-PRGE
chimeric	I-PRGE
RNA	I-PRGE
sequences	I-PRGE
produced	O
by	O
two	O
-	O
plasmid	O
coexpression	O
system	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
A	O
75	O
-	O
year	O
-	O
old	O
previously	O
healthy	O
man	O
presented	O
for	O
elective	O
resection	O
of	O
rectal	B-DISO
cancer	I-DISO
under	O
general	B-PROC
anesthesia	I-PROC
.	O

This	O
acute	B-DISO
pulmonary	I-DISO
edema	I-DISO
appeared	O
to	O
be	O
due	O
to	O
increased	O
permeability	O
rather	O
than	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
congestion	I-DISO
as	O
indicated	O
by	O
chest	B-ANAT
radiography	O
,	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
artery	I-ANAT
occlusion	O
pressure	O
,	O
echocardiogram	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
protein	B-CHED
-	O
rich	O
edema	B-DISO
fluid	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Molecular	O
characterization	O
of	O
the	O
9	O
.	O
36	O
kb	O
C	O
-	O
terminal	O
region	O
of	O
canine	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
1	O
-	O
71	O
strain	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
A	O
total	O
of	O
9	O
.	O
36	O
kb	O
nucleotides	O
of	O
the	O
C	O
-	O
terminal	O
one	O
-	O
third	O
genome	O
of	O
the	O
canine	O
Coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
CCV	B-DISO
)	O
1	O
-	O
71	O
strain	O
,	O
including	O
all	O
the	O
structural	O
protein	B-CHED
genes	O
and	O
some	O
non	O
-	O
structural	O
protein	B-CHED
(	O
nsp	O
)	O
genes	O
were	O
cloned	O
and	O
sequenced	O
.	O

Relationships	O
of	O
TNF	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
alpha	I-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
polymorphisms	O
with	O
interstitial	B-DISO
lung	B-ANAT
fibrosis	I-DISO
and	O
femoral	B-ANAT
head	I-ANAT
osteonecrosis	B-DISO
were	O
carried	O
out	O
in	O
two	O
case	O
-	O
case	O
studies	O
in	O
discharged	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
.	O

The	O
inhibition	B-PROC
is	O
selective	O
because	O
these	O
compounds	O
do	O
not	O
exert	B-PROC
significant	O
inhibitory	O
effects	O
against	O
other	O
cysteine	B-CHED
proteases	I-PRGE
,	O
including	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
3CLpro	O
and	O
several	O
cathepsins	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Thrombopoietin	B-PRGE
levels	O
increased	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Amiodarone	B-CHED
alters	O
late	O
endosomes	O
and	O
inhibits	O
SARS	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
at	O
a	O
post	O
-	O
endosomal	O
level	O
.	O

We	O
found	O
that	O
(	O
1	O
)	O
amiodarone	B-CHED
associates	O
with	O
different	O
cell	B-COMP
membranes	I-COMP
and	O
accumulates	O
in	O
acidic	O
organelles	B-COMP
;	O
(	O
2	O
)	O
the	O
diethylamino	O
-	O
beta	O
-	O
ethoxy	B-CHED
group	I-CHED
is	O
an	O
important	O
determinant	O
of	O
uptake	O
;	O
(	O
3	O
)	O
vacuoles	B-COMP
forming	O
upon	O
exposure	O
to	O
amiodarone	B-CHED
are	O
enlarged	O
late	O
endosomes	O
;	O
(	O
4	O
)	O
amiodarone	B-CHED
inhibits	O
the	O
spreading	O
in	O
vitro	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
;	O
and	O
(	O
5	O
)	O
trypsin	B-PRGE
cleavage	B-PROC
of	O
the	O
viral	O
spike	O
protein	B-CHED
before	O
infection	B-DISO
,	O
which	O
permits	B-SPEC
virus	B-SPEC
entry	O
through	O
the	O
plasma	B-COMP
membrane	I-COMP
,	O
does	O
not	O
impair	O
amiodarone	B-CHED
antiviral	B-CHED
activity	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Protective	O
effect	O
of	O
hydrogen	B-CHED
sulfide	I-CHED
in	O
a	O
murine	B-SPEC
model	O
of	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
induced	O
by	O
combined	O
burn	O
and	O
smoke	O
inhalation	O
.	O

In	O
the	O
present	O
study	O
,	O
we	O
hypothesized	O
that	O
a	O
parenteral	O
formulation	O
of	O
H2S	B-CHED
would	O
reduce	O
the	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
induced	O
by	O
burn	O
and	O
smoke	O
inhalation	B-PROC
in	O
a	O
novel	O
murine	B-SPEC
model	O
.	O

In	O
conclusion	O
,	O
these	O
results	O
suggest	O
that	O
H2S	B-CHED
exerts	B-PROC
protective	O
effects	O
in	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
,	O
at	O
least	O
in	O
part	O
through	O
the	O
activation	O
of	O
anti	O
-	O
inflammatory	O
and	O
antioxidant	B-CHED
pathways	B-PROC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Molecular	B-PROC
mimicry	I-PROC
,	O
defined	O
as	O
similar	O
structures	O
shared	O
by	O
molecules	O
from	O
dissimilar	O
genes	O
or	O
proteins	B-CHED
,	O
is	O
a	O
general	O
strategy	O
used	O
by	O
pathogens	O
to	O
infect	O
host	B-COMP
cells	B-COMP
.	O

Severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
is	O
a	O
new	O
human	B-SPEC
respiratory	O
infectious	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
caused	O
by	O
SARS	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Endotoxemia	O
and	O
endotoxin	O
tolerance	B-DISO
in	O
patients	O
with	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

A	O
comprehensive	O
clinical	O
and	O
genetic	O
analysis	O
of	O
influenza	B-DISO
B	O
viruses	B-SPEC
-	O
associated	O
important	O
diseases	O
was	O
lacking	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Ovarian	B-ANAT
hyperstimulation	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
OHSS	O
)	O
is	O
an	O
iatrogenic	O
complication	B-DISO
,	O
the	O
basis	O
for	O
which	O
is	O
a	O
hyperergic	O
uncontrolled	O
ovarian	B-ANAT
response	O
to	O
gonadotropins	O
in	O
the	O
ovulation	B-PROC
stimulation	O
cycles	O
and	O
assisted	O
procreation	B-PROC
programs	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
masked	B-SPEC
palm	I-SPEC
civet	I-SPEC
(	O
Paguma	B-SPEC
larvata	I-SPEC
)	O
has	O
been	O
suspected	O
to	O
be	O
the	O
host	B-COMP
of	O
a	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
like	O
CoV	O
virus	B-SPEC
that	O
causes	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
in	O
humans	B-SPEC
.	O

There	O
was	O
a	O
significant	O
difference	O
in	O
ELISA	O
antibody	B-COMP
levels	O
elicited	O
by	O
either	O
monocistronic	O
or	O
bicistronic	O
DNA	O
vaccines	O
.	O

Some	O
of	O
these	O
studies	O
have	O
also	O
shown	O
anti	O
-	O
inflammatory	O
effects	O
of	O
treatment	O
targeting	B-PROC
at	O
coagulation	B-PROC
.	O

NK	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
are	O
recruited	O
normally	O
in	O
the	O
liver	B-ANAT
and	O
produce	O
interferon	B-PRGE
(	O
IFN	O
)-	O
gamma	O
to	O
control	O
viral	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
.	O

Phenotypic	O
analysis	O
of	O
intrahepatic	O
mononuclear	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
revealed	O
that	O
apoptotic	O
NK	O
and	O
NK	O
T	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
increased	O
in	O
mice	B-SPEC
infected	O
with	O
the	O
L2	O
-	O
MHV3	O
,	O
but	O
were	O
minor	O
in	O
51	O
.	O
6	O
-	O
MHV3	O
-	O
and	O
CL12	O
-	O
MHV3	O
-	O
infected	O
mice	B-SPEC
.	O

Future	O
work	O
should	O
include	O
the	O
isolation	O
and	O
molecular	O
characterization	O
of	O
IBV	B-SPEC
in	O
the	O
region	O
to	O
adopt	O
a	O
suitable	O
vaccination	O
program	O
using	O
the	O
common	O
field	O
serotypes	O
as	O
vaccines	O
to	O
protect	O
against	O
IBV	B-SPEC
-	O
caused	O
disease	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Lessons	O
from	O
SARS	B-DISO
:	O
a	O
new	O
potential	O
therapy	O
for	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
with	O
angiotensin	O
converting	O
enzyme	O
2	O
(	O
ACE2	B-PRGE
)].	O

Interestingly	O
,	O
a	O
novel	O
homologue	O
of	O
angiotensin	B-CHED
converting	O
-	O
enzyme	O
(	O
ACE	B-PRGE
),	O
termed	O
angiotensin	B-PRGE
converting	I-PRGE
enzyme	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
(	O
ACE2	B-PRGE
)	O
has	O
been	O
identified	O
as	O
a	O
receptor	O
for	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
.	O
ACE	B-PRGE
and	O
ACE2	B-PRGE
share	O
homology	O
in	O
their	O
catalytic	O
domain	O
and	O
provide	O
different	O
key	O
functions	O
in	O
the	O
renin	B-PATH
-	I-PATH
angiotensin	B-CHED
system	I-PATH
.	O

Notably	O
,	O
injection	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
Spike	O
into	O
mice	B-SPEC
worsens	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
failure	O
in	O
vivo	O
that	O
can	O
be	O
attenuated	O
by	O
blocking	B-DISO
the	O
renin	B-PRGE
-	O
angiotensin	B-CHED
pathway	B-PROC
,	O
suggesting	O
the	O
activation	O
of	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
RAS	B-CHED
influences	O
the	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
and	O
SARS	B-DISO
.	O

However	O
,	O
both	O
alcohol	O
-	O
fed	O
animals	B-SPEC
and	O
otherwise	O
healthy	O
alcoholic	O
humans	B-SPEC
do	O
not	O
have	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
edema	I-DISO
at	O
baseline	O
,	O
even	O
though	O
their	O
lungs	B-ANAT
are	O
highly	O
susceptible	O
to	O
acute	O
edematous	B-DISO
injury	O
in	O
response	O
to	O
inflammatory	O
stresses	O
.	O

Chronic	O
alcohol	O
ingestion	O
increases	O
expression	B-PROC
of	O
apical	O
sodium	O
channels	O
in	O
the	O
alveolar	B-ANAT
epithelium	I-ANAT
;	O
however	O
,	O
its	O
effects	O
on	O
the	O
Na	O
,	O
K	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
ATPase	I-PRGE
complex	O
that	O
drives	O
sodium	O
and	O
fluid	B-PROC
transport	I-PROC
out	O
of	O
the	O
alveolar	B-ANAT
space	O
have	O
not	O
been	O
examined	O
.	O

These	O
findings	O
indicate	O
that	O
chronic	O
alcohol	O
ingestion	O
,	O
which	O
is	O
known	O
to	O
increase	O
alveolar	B-ANAT
epithelial	O
paracellular	O
permeability	O
,	O
actually	O
increases	O
the	O
expression	B-PROC
of	O
Na	B-PRGE
,	I-PRGE
K	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
ATPase	I-PRGE
in	O
the	O
lung	B-ANAT
as	O
a	O
compensatory	O
mechanism	O
.	O

Infected	O
animals	B-SPEC
become	O
less	O
aggressive	B-DISO
and	O
develop	O
pyrexia	B-PROC
,	O
lethargy	B-DISO
and	O
diarrhoea	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
present	O
study	O
describes	O
the	O
spectrum	O
of	O
histopathological	O
changes	O
in	O
the	O
lung	B-ANAT
,	O
spleen	B-ANAT
,	O
lymph	B-ANAT
node	I-ANAT
,	O
liver	B-ANAT
,	O
small	B-ANAT
intestine	I-ANAT
,	O
kidney	B-ANAT
and	O
cerebrum	B-ANAT
of	O
civets	B-SPEC
infected	O
experimentally	O
with	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
.	O
In	O
-	O
situ	O
hybridization	B-PROC
(	O
ISH	B-DISO
)	O
with	O
probes	O
specific	O
for	O
the	O
RNA	B-PRGE
polymerase	I-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
demonstrated	O
viral	O
RNA	O
in	O
the	O
lung	B-ANAT
,	O
small	B-ANAT
intestine	I-ANAT
and	O
cerebrum	B-ANAT
only	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Identification	O
of	O
residues	O
in	O
the	O
receptor	O
-	O
binding	B-FUNC
domain	O
(	O
RBD	O
)	O
of	O
the	O
spike	O
protein	B-CHED
of	O
human	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
NL63	I-SPEC
that	O
are	O
critical	O
for	O
the	O
RBD	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
ACE2	I-PRGE
receptor	I-PRGE
interaction	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Human	B-PRGE
coronavirus	I-PRGE
NL63	I-PRGE
(	O
NL63	O
),	O
a	O
member	O
of	O
the	O
group	O
I	O
coronaviruses	O
,	O
may	O
cause	O
acute	O
respiratory	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
in	O
young	O
children	O
and	O
immunocompromised	O
adults	O
.	O

Like	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
),	O
NL63	O
also	O
employs	O
the	O
human	B-PRGE
angiotensin	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
converting	I-PRGE
enzyme	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
(	O
hACE2	O
)	O
receptor	O
for	O
cellular	B-COMP
entry	O
.	O

These	O
findings	O
may	O
be	O
very	O
important	O
for	O
understanding	O
the	O
mechanism	O
of	O
ADE	B-CHED
of	O
FIPV	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Induction	O
of	O
neutralising	O
antibodies	B-COMP
and	O
cellular	B-PROC
immune	I-PROC
responses	I-PROC
against	O
SARS	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
by	O
recombinant	O
measles	O
viruses	B-SPEC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Live	O
attenuated	O
recombinant	O
measles	B-PATH
viruses	B-SPEC
(	O
rMV	O
)	O
expressing	O
a	O
codon	O
-	O
optimised	O
spike	O
glycoprotein	B-CHED
(	O
S	O
)	O
or	O
nucleocapsid	B-COMP
protein	B-CHED
(	O
N	O
)	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
-	O
associated	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
were	O
generated	O
(	O
rMV	O
-	O
S	O
and	O
rMV	O
-	O
N	O
).	O

Both	O
recombinant	O
viruses	B-SPEC
stably	O
expressed	B-PROC
the	O
corresponding	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
proteins	B-CHED
,	O
grew	O
to	O
similar	O
end	O
titres	O
as	O
the	O
parental	O
strain	O
and	O
induced	O
high	O
antibody	B-COMP
titres	O
against	O
MV	O
and	O
the	O
vectored	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
antigens	B-CHED
(	O
S	O
and	O
N	O
)	O
in	O
transgenic	B-SPEC
mice	I-SPEC
susceptible	O
to	O
measles	B-PATH
infection	B-DISO
.	O

Planning	O
for	O
future	O
outbreaks	O
should	O
take	O
into	O
account	O
the	O
need	O
to	O
(	O
1	O
)	O
develop	O
systems	O
that	O
enable	O
rapid	O
two	O
-	O
way	O
communication	O
between	O
public	O
health	O
officials	O
and	O
homeless	O
service	O
providers	O
,	O
(	O
2	O
)	O
ensure	O
that	O
homeless	O
service	O
providers	O
have	O
access	O
to	O
infection	B-DISO
control	O
supplies	O
and	O
staff	O
training	O
,	O
(	O
3	O
)	O
prepare	O
for	O
possible	O
homeless	O
shelter	O
closures	O
due	O
to	O
staff	O
shortages	O
or	O
high	O
attack	O
rates	O
among	O
clients	O
,	O
and	O
(	O
4	O
)	O
plan	O
for	O
where	O
and	O
how	O
clinically	O
ill	B-DISO
homeless	O
individuals	O
will	O
be	O
isolated	O
and	O
treated	O
.	O

The	O
Toronto	O
SARS	B-DISO
experience	O
provided	O
insights	O
that	O
are	O
relevant	O
to	O
response	O
planning	O
for	O
future	O
outbreaks	O
in	O
cities	O
with	O
substantial	O
numbers	O
of	O
homeless	O
individuals	O
.	O

Phylogenetic	O
analysis	O
revealed	O
SW1	O
to	O
be	O
a	O
novel	O
virus	B-SPEC
distantly	O
related	O
to	O
but	O
most	O
similar	O
to	O
group	O
III	O
coronaviruses	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Although	O
smoke	O
inhalation	O
injury	O
victims	O
frequently	O
develop	O
severe	O
hypoxemia	O
and	O
are	O
at	O
increased	O
risk	O
of	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
),	O
no	O
early	O
prognostic	O
tests	O
are	O
currently	O
available	O
.	O

Partial	O
pressure	O
of	O
arterial	B-ANAT
oxygen	B-CHED
(	O
Pao2	O
)	O
and	O
the	O
fraction	O
of	O
inspired	B-PROC
oxygen	B-CHED
(	O
Fio2	O
)	O
were	O
recorded	O
approximately	O
every	O
6	O
hours	O
from	O
intubated	O
smoke	O
inhalation	B-PROC
victims	O
admitted	O
to	O
a	O
regional	O
burn	O
center	O
.	O

IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
8	I-FUNC
increased	O
sharply	O
in	O
the	O
first	O
6	O
.	O
5	O
hours	O
postexposure	O
(	O
P	O
<	O
.	O
001	O
),	O
and	O
IL	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
1beta	I-PRGE
in	O
the	O
first	O
6	O
.	O
1	O
hours	O
(	O
P	O
<	O
.	O
001	O
).	O

On	O
a	O
neutralization	O
assay	O
,	O
neutralizing	O
activity	O
with	O
the	O
IP	O
immunization	O
protocol	O
was	O
detected	O
in	O
sera	B-COMP
and	O
mucosal	B-ANAT
secretions	B-ANAT
(	O
from	O
the	O
saliva	B-ANAT
and	O
genital	B-ANAT
tract	O
),	O
but	O
sera	B-COMP
from	O
the	O
IN	O
protocol	O
failed	O
to	O
show	O
any	O
neutralizing	O
activity	O
.	O

Patients	O
were	O
recruited	O
from	O
cases	O
of	O
snakebites	O
admitted	O
to	O
the	O
emergency	B-DISO
care	O
unit	O
of	O
Kottayam	O
Medical	O
College	O
between	O
May	O
2005	O
and	O
December	O
2006	O
.	O

Higher	O
rates	O
of	O
complications	O
were	O
seen	O
in	O
those	O
with	O
severe	O
coagulopathy	B-DISO
(	O
OR	O
=	O
8	O
.	O
0	O
),	O
leucocytosis	B-DISO
(	O
OR	O
=	O
3	O
.	O
7	O
)	O
and	O
those	O
who	O
received	O
SAV	O
late	O
.	O

Eleven	O
of	O
59	O
episodes	O
(	O
18	O
.	O
6	O
%)	O
were	O
positive	O
for	O
at	O
least	O
one	O
respiratory	O
virus	B-SPEC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Platypnea	O
-	O
orthodeoxia	O
is	O
a	O
syndrome	B-DISO
characterized	O
by	O
dyspnea	B-DISO
and	O
hypoxemia	O
on	O
adoption	O
of	O
an	O
upright	O
posture	O
(	O
i	O
.	O
e	O
.,	O
orthodeoxia	O
),	O
and	O
by	O
the	O
absence	O
or	O
reduction	O
of	O
symptoms	O
and	O
of	O
hypoxemia	O
in	O
a	O
supine	O
position	O
.	O

Diagnosis	O
of	O
platypnea	B-DISO
-	O
orthodeoxia	O
syndrome	B-DISO
was	O
demonstrated	O
by	O
O2	O
saturation	O
and	O
arterial	B-ANAT
blood	I-ANAT
gas	O
analysis	O
in	O
the	O
supine	O
and	O
upright	O
positions	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Establishment	O
of	O
a	O
system	O
for	O
determination	O
of	O
emerging	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
(	O
RDV	B-SPEC
method	O
),	O
and	O
its	O
application	O
].	O

Using	O
the	O
RDV	B-SPEC
system	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
possible	O
to	O
obtain	O
viral	O
nucleic	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
sequences	O
within	O
2	O
days	O
.	O

All	O
markers	O
except	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
6	I-FUNC
were	O
significantly	O
different	O
between	O
survivors	O
and	O
nonsurvivors	O
.	O

1	O
.	O
1	O
ml	O
/	O
kg	O
predicted	O
body	B-ANAT
weight	O
and	O
the	O
plateau	O
pressure	O
was	O
25	O
+/-	O

Lower	O
levels	O
of	O
protein	B-CHED
C	O
were	O
independently	O
associated	O
with	O
an	O
increased	O
risk	O
of	O
death	B-PROC
(	O
odds	O
ratio	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
5	O
),	O
a	O
result	O
that	O
nearly	O
reached	O
statistical	O
significance	O
(	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
06	O
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
The	O
role	O
of	O
phagocytic	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
in	O
enhanced	O
susceptibility	O
of	O
broilers	O
to	O
colibacillosis	B-DISO
after	O
Infectious	B-DISO
Bronchitis	B-DISO
Virus	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Colibacillosis	B-DISO
results	O
from	O
infection	B-DISO
with	O
avian	B-SPEC
pathogenic	O
Escherichia	B-SPEC
coli	I-SPEC
bacteria	B-SPEC
.	O

Inoculation	O
with	O
IBV	O
induced	O
extended	O
and	O
more	O
severe	O
colibacillosis	B-DISO
than	O
with	O
E	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
coli	I-SPEC
alone	O
.	O

Bactericidal	B-PROC
activity	I-PROC
of	O
PBMC	O
in	O
IBV	B-SPEC
-	O
inoculated	O
animals	B-SPEC
at	O
7dpi	O
was	O
lower	O
than	O
in	O
PBS	B-DISO
-	O
and	O
E	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
coli	I-SPEC
-	O
inoculated	O
birds	B-SPEC
,	O
but	O
phagocytic	O
capacity	O
and	O
recruitment	B-DISO
were	O
not	O
severely	O
impaired	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Detection	O
of	O
the	O
mRNA	B-PROC
expression	B-PROC
of	O
human	B-SPEC
angiotensin	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
converting	I-PRGE
enzyme	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
as	O
a	O
SARS	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
functional	I-PRGE
receptor	I-PRGE
in	O
human	B-SPEC
femoral	B-ANAT
head	I-ANAT
].	O

SARS	B-DISO
-	O
COV	O
can	O
not	O
infect	O
the	O
femoral	B-ANAT
head	I-ANAT
tissue	B-ANAT
and	O
lead	O
to	O
avascular	B-DISO
necrosis	I-DISO
of	I-DISO
the	I-DISO
femoral	B-ANAT
head	I-ANAT
directly	O
by	O
the	O
spike	O
glycoprotein	B-CHED
,	O
and	O
mechanism	O
of	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
for	O
causing	O
avascular	B-DISO
necrosis	B-PROC
needs	O
further	O
investigation	O
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
COV	O
can	O
not	O
infect	O
the	O
femoral	B-ANAT
head	I-ANAT
tissue	B-ANAT
and	O
lead	O
to	O
avascular	B-DISO
necrosis	I-DISO
of	I-DISO
the	I-DISO
femoral	B-ANAT
head	I-ANAT
directly	O
by	O
the	O
spike	O
glycoprotein	B-CHED
,	O
and	O
mechanism	O
of	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
for	O
causing	O
avascular	B-DISO
necrosis	I-DISO
needs	O
further	O
investigation	O
.	O

Two	O
hundred	O
and	O
forty	O
two	O
nasal	B-ANAT
swabs	O
were	O
collected	O
from	O
238	O
children	O
(	O
median	O
age	O
12	O
.	O
4	O
months	O
).	O

Phylogenetic	O
analysis	O
showed	O
co	O
-	O
circulation	B-PROC
of	O
hMPV	B-SPEC
and	O
HCoV	O
NL63	O
A	O
and	O
B	O
lineages	O
,	O
although	O
only	O
HBoV	B-PRGE
genotype	I-PRGE
st2	I-PRGE
was	O
found	O
.	O

Viruses	B-SPEC
are	O
an	O
important	O
cause	O
of	O
wheezing	B-DISO
in	O
preschool	O
children	O
;	O
hMPV	B-SPEC
,	O
HCoV	O
NL63	O
,	O
and	O
HBoV	O
are	O
less	O
common	O
than	O
the	O
usual	O
respiratory	O
pathogens	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Respiratory	B-SPEC
syncytial	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
is	O
a	O
common	O
cause	O
of	O
respiratory	B-DISO
tract	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
in	O
children	O
,	O
predominantly	O
presenting	O
with	O
mild	O
symptoms	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Cell	B-ANAT
clone	I-ANAT

TITLE	O
:	O
Acardiac	B-DISO
twin	I-DISO
fetus	B-ANAT
with	O
severe	O
hydrops	B-DISO
fetalis	I-DISO
and	O
bilateral	O
talipes	O
varus	B-DISO
deformity	I-DISO
.	O

TRAPS	B-DISO
is	O
characterized	O
by	O
the	O
hemodynamic	B-PROC
dependence	B-DISO
of	O
a	O
""""	O
recipient	O
""""	O
twin	O
from	O
a	O
""""	O
pump	O
""""	O
twin	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
test	O
the	O
hypothesis	O
that	O
PBL	O
is	O
an	O
effective	O
method	O
for	O
preparing	O
multidisciplinary	O
learner	O
groups	O
at	O
community	O
health	O
centers	O
(	O
CHCs	O
)	O
for	O
pandemics	O
,	O
quantitative	O
and	O
qualitative	O
methods	O
were	O
utilized	O
to	O
evaluate	O
the	O
conduct	B-PROC
of	O
a	O
PBL	O
case	O
of	O
a	O
hypothetical	O
outbreak	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
at	O
two	O
CHCs	O
in	O
Hawaii	O
,	O
with	O
multidisciplinary	O
health	O
professional	O
and	O
student	O
participants	O
.	O

Lemierre	B-DISO
'	I-DISO
s	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
is	O
characterized	O
by	O
severe	O
infection	B-DISO
,	O
with	O
pharyngitis	B-DISO
,	O
sepsis	B-DISO
and	O
thrombosis	B-DISO
of	O
the	O
internal	B-ANAT
jugular	I-ANAT
vein	I-ANAT
,	O
and	O
is	O
most	O
frequently	O
associated	O
with	O
upper	O
airway	B-ANAT
infection	B-DISO
with	O
Fusobacterium	B-SPEC
necrophorum	I-SPEC
,	O
often	O
preceded	O
by	O
infection	B-DISO
with	O
Epstein	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
Barr	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
which	O
enables	O
bacteria	B-SPEC
growing	O
in	O
the	O
oral	B-ANAT
cavity	I-ANAT
to	O
invade	O
.	O

Pulmonary	O
coccidioidomycosis	O
occurs	O
in	O
95	O
%	O
of	O
all	O
cases	O
and	O
can	O
be	O
divided	O
into	O
three	O
main	O
categories	O
:	O
primary	O
,	O
complicated	O
,	O
and	O
residual	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
coccidioidomycosis	I-DISO
.	O

The	O
primary	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
occurs	O
with	O
inhalation	B-PROC
of	O
airborne	O
arthroconidia	O
.	O

The	O
third	O
category	O
of	O
residual	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
comprises	O
only	O
two	O
entities	O
:	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
nodule	B-DISO
and	O
fibrosis	B-DISO
.	O

Laboratory	O
investigations	O
have	O
demonstrated	O
that	O
these	O
two	O
emerging	O
infections	B-DISO
have	O
similar	O
features	O
;	O
and	O
understanding	O
the	O
pathophysiological	O
mechanisms	O
of	O
the	O
disease	O
causation	O
will	O
lead	O
to	O
insight	O
into	O
standard	O
and	O
novel	O
treatments	O
for	O
these	O
infections	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Pandemic	O
planning	O
in	O
China	O
:	O
applying	O
lessons	O
from	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

Public	O
health	O
response	O
to	O
avian	B-DISO
influenza	I-DISO
and	O
pandemic	O
preparedness	O
benefit	O
significantly	O
from	O
the	O
experience	O
of	O
responses	O
to	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

Proteins	B-CHED
packaged	O
during	O
virus	B-PROC
assembly	I-PROC
may	O
subsequently	O
form	O
the	O
first	O
line	O
of	O
attack	O
and	O
host	B-COMP
manipulation	O
upon	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

Surprisingly	O
,	O
the	O
hub	O
with	O
the	O
most	O
potential	O
connections	O
was	O
not	O
the	O
viral	O
M	O
protein	B-CHED
but	O
the	O
nonstructural	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
3	I-PRGE
(	O
nsp3	B-PRGE
),	O
which	O
is	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
novel	O
virion	B-COMP
components	O
identified	O
by	O
mass	O
spectrometry	O
.	O

Using	O
recombinant	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
domains	I-PRGE
expressed	B-PROC
in	O
Escherichia	B-SPEC
coli	I-SPEC
,	O
we	O
identified	O
two	O
additional	O
RNA	O
-	O
binding	B-FUNC
domains	O
of	O
nsp3	B-PRGE
.	O

We	O
also	O
identified	O
a	O
novel	O
cysteine	B-CHED
-	O
coordinated	O
metal	B-CHED
ion	O
-	O
binding	B-FUNC
domain	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Predicting	O
ribosomal	B-PROC
frameshifting	I-PROC
efficiency	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Application	O
of	O
siRNA	O
against	O
SARS	B-DISO
in	O
the	O
rhesus	B-SPEC
macaque	I-SPEC
model	O
.	O

The	O
GFP	O
spots	B-DISO
expanded	O
as	O
rings	O
from	O
5	O
dpi	O
,	O
then	O
fused	O
to	O
each	O
other	O
,	O
and	O
most	O
fluorescence	O
faded	O
out	O
at	O
10	O
-	O
12	O
dpi	O
.	O

ALSV	O
labeled	O
with	O
two	O
different	O
fluorescent	O
proteins	B-CHED
(	O
CFP	B-PRGE
-	O
ALSV	O
and	O
YFP	O
-	O
ALSV	O
)	O
were	O
used	O
to	O
investigate	O
the	O
distribution	O
of	O
identical	O
,	O
but	O
differently	O
labeled	O
viruses	O
in	O
mixed	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
characterize	O
species	O
and	O
quantitative	O
composition	O
of	O
intestinal	B-ANAT
microflora	O
in	O
lingering	O
and	O
complicated	O
course	O
of	O
community	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
(	O
CP	O
).	O

Compared	O
to	O
healthy	O
controls	O
,	O
CP	O
patients	O
'	O
intestine	B-ANAT
contains	O
low	O
content	O
of	O
bifidobacteria	O
(	O
100	O
-	O
fold	O
),	O
nonpathogenic	O
enterococci	O
and	O
escherichia	B-SPEC
with	O
normal	O
enzymatic	B-PROC
activity	I-PROC
(	O
10	O
-	O
fold	O
and	O
more	O
).	O

This	O
dictates	O
the	O
necessity	O
to	O
conduct	B-PROC
fecal	B-ANAT
microflora	O
analysis	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
CP	O
irrespective	O
of	O
intestinal	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
Long	O
-	O
term	O
administration	O
of	O
antibiotics	B-CHED
in	O
patients	O
with	O
lingering	O
and	O
complicated	O
CP	O
destroys	O
balance	B-PROC
of	O
intestinal	B-ANAT
microflora	O
and	O
thus	O
influences	O
the	O
course	O
of	O
CP	O
.	O

Clinical	O
management	O
algorithm	O
for	O
HFO	O
that	O
minimized	O
delivered	O
tidal	O
volumes	O
by	O
encouraging	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
the	O
highest	O
frequency	O
that	O
allowed	O
acceptable	O
clearance	O
of	O
carbon	B-CHED
dioxide	I-CHED
.	O

11	O
cm	O
H2O	B-CHED
.	O

Survival	O
to	O
hospital	O
discharge	B-ANAT
among	O
this	O
severely	O
ill	B-DISO
cohort	O
was	O
37	O
%.	O

The	O
mechanism	O
and	O
therapeutic	O
regimen	O
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
and	O
oleic	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
-	O
induced	O
ALI	O
remain	O
undefined	O
.	O

In	O
the	O
present	O
study	O
,	O
we	O
investigated	O
the	O
oleic	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
-	O
induced	O
changes	O
in	O
lung	B-ANAT
variables	O
for	O
the	O
measure	O
of	O
ALI	O
,	O
inflammatory	O
mediators	O
,	O
and	O
neutrophil	B-ANAT
-	O
derived	O
substances	O
.	O

The	O
inducible	O
nitric	B-PRGE
oxide	I-PRGE
synthase	I-PRGE
was	O
up	O
-	O
regulated	O
.	O

To	O
establish	O
specific	O
diagnostic	O
methods	O
,	O
we	O
generated	O
nine	O
clones	O
of	O
monoclonal	O
antibodies	B-COMP
to	O
nucleocapsid	B-COMP
protein	B-CHED
(	O
NP	O
)	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
).	O

Serological	O
cross	O
-	O
reactivity	O
between	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
and	O
human	B-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
OC43	I-PRGE
(	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
OC43	I-SPEC
)	O
was	O
investigated	O
by	O
peptide	B-CHED
spot	B-SPEC
assay	O
.	O

Eight	O
residents	O
died	B-PROC
,	O
six	O
with	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
.	O

No	O
staff	O
members	O
developed	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
.	O

Notably	O
,	O
sera	B-COMP
demonstrated	O
cross	O
-	O
reactivity	O
against	O
nucleocapsid	B-COMP
peptide	B-CHED
sequences	O
common	O
to	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
OC43	I-SPEC
and	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
.	O

In	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
reverse	B-PRGE
transcriptase	I-PRGE
PCR	O
sequencing	O
of	O
the	O
RNA	O
genome	O
of	O
an	O
isolate	O
of	O
the	O
MHV	B-PRGE
ts	I-PRGE
virus	B-SPEC
Alb	I-PRGE
ts6	I-PRGE
,	O
referred	O
to	O
as	O
Alb	B-PRGE
/	O
ts	O
/	O
nsp5	B-PRGE
/	O
V148A	O
,	O
identified	O
a	O
putative	O
ts	O
mutation	O
in	O
nsp5	B-PRGE
(	O
T10651C	O
,	O
Val148Ala	O
),	O
the	O
viral	B-PRGE
3C	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
like	I-PRGE
proteinase	I-PRGE
(	O
3CLpro	O
).	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Fibrin	B-DISO
deposition	I-DISO
was	O
universal	O
in	O
the	O
lungs	B-ANAT
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
and	O
fgl2	B-PRGE
prothrombinase	I-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
,	O
a	O
novel	O
procoagulant	O
,	O
was	O
demonstrated	O
to	O
express	O
highly	O
in	O
a	O
clinically	O
relevant	O
SARS	B-DISO
model	O
.	O

M	O
,	O
N	O
and	O
S2	O
protein	B-CHED
of	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
were	O
detected	O
by	O
western	O
blotting	O
and	O
immunohistochemistry	O
analysis	O
.	O

Further	O
assays	O
demonstrated	O
that	O
expression	B-PROC
of	O
hfgl2	B-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
was	O
related	O
with	O
N	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
,	O
but	O
not	O
with	O
M	O
or	O
S2	O
protein	B-CHED
in	O
THP	B-CHED
-	O
1	O
cells	B-COMP
and	O
Vero	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
.	O

The	O
samples	O
did	O
not	O
undergo	O
cell	B-COMP
culture	O
passage	O
prior	O
to	O
PCR	O
amplification	B-DISO
and	O
sequencing	O
.	O

The	O
phylogenetic	O
analysis	O
of	O
the	O
entire	O
S1	O
gene	O
showed	O
that	O
the	O
BCoV	O
Brazilian	O
strains	O
were	O
more	O
distant	O
from	O
the	O
Mebus	O
strain	O
(	O
97	O
.	O
8	O
%	O
identity	O
for	O
nucleotides	B-CHED
and	O
96	O
.	O
8	O
%	O
identity	O
for	O
amino	B-CHED
acids	I-CHED
)	O
and	O
more	O
similar	O
to	O
the	O
BCoV	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
ENT	I-PRGE
strain	O
(	O
98	O
.	O
7	O
%	O
for	O
nucleotides	B-CHED
and	O
98	O
.	O
7	O
%	O
for	O
amino	B-CHED
acids	I-CHED
).	O

We	O
measured	O
the	O
effectiveness	O
of	O
immunization	O
with	O
the	O
single	O
-	O
cycle	O
vaccine	O
in	O
mice	B-SPEC
.	O

105	O
of	O
the	O
12	O
018	O
patients	O
(	O
1	O
.	O
44	O
%)	O
were	O
diagnosed	O
as	O
with	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

Logistic	O
regression	O
analysis	O
showed	O
that	O
infiltration	B-DISO
shadows	O
in	O
2	O
-	O
3	O
quadrants	O
,	O
pediatric	O
critical	B-DISO
illness	I-DISO
score	O
(	O
PCIS	O
),	O
and	O
partial	O
pressure	O
of	O
carbon	B-CHED
dioxide	I-CHED
(	O
PaCO2	O
)	O
at	O
the	O
onset	O
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
were	O
independently	O
associated	O
with	O
the	O
mortality	O
.	O

Young	O
age	O
and	O
ongoing	O
lactation	B-PROC
,	O
but	O
not	O
sex	O
or	O
existing	O
gravidity	O
,	O
correlated	O
significantly	O
with	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
detection	O
.	O

Nine	O
flavonoids	B-CHED
(	O
2	O
,	O
3	O
,	O
6	O
,	O
8	O
,	O
10	O
-	O
13	O
,	O
15	O
)	O
were	O
found	O
to	O
show	O
inhibitory	O
effects	O
towards	O
the	O
CP	O
and	O
AP	O
of	O
complement	O
system	O
,	O
luteolin	B-CHED
(	O
10	O
)	O
was	O
the	O
most	O
potent	O
with	O
the	O
CH50	O
and	O
AP50	O
values	O
of	O
0	O
.	O
19	O
and	O
0	O
.	O
17	O
mM	O
.	O
The	O
bioactive	O
flavonoids	B-CHED
were	O
mainly	O
derived	O
from	O
Herba	O
Houttuyniae	O
,	O
Flos	B-SPEC
Chrysanthemi	O
Indici	O
and	O
Herba	O
Artemisiae	O
Scopariae	O
.	O

Luteolin	B-CHED
could	O
be	O
a	O
potential	O
anticomplementary	O
agent	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
15	O
compounds	O
,	O
including	O
chlorogenic	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
(	O
1	O
),	O
rutin	B-CHED
(	O
2	O
),	O
hyperoside	B-CHED
(	O
3	O
),	O
p	O
-	O
hydroxyacephenone	O
(	O
4	O
),	O
scopoletin	B-CHED
(	O
5	O
),	O
quercitrin	B-CHED
(	O
6	O
)	O
(	O
3R	O
,	O
4R	O
,	O
6S	O
)-	O
3	O
,	O
6	O
-	O
dihydroxy	O
-	O
1	O
-	O
menthene	O
(	O
7	O
),	O
acaciin	O
(	O
8	O
),	O
scoparone	O
(	O
9	O
),	O
luteolin	B-CHED
(	O
10	O
),	O
quercetin	B-CHED
(	O
11	O
),	O
apigenin	B-CHED
(	O
12	O
),	O
acacetin	B-CHED
(	O
13	O
),	O
aristolactam	O
(	O
14	O
),	O
and	O
apigenin	B-CHED
-	O
7	O
,	O
4	O
'-	O
dimethyl	B-CHED
ether	I-CHED
(	O
15	O
)	O
were	O
isolated	O
and	O
identified	O
.	O

Nine	O
flavonoids	B-CHED
(	O
2	O
,	O
3	O
,	O
6	O
,	O
8	O
,	O
10	O
-	O
13	O
,	O
15	O
)	O
were	O
found	O
to	O
show	O
inhibitory	O
effects	O
towards	O
the	O
CP	O
and	O
AP	O
of	O
complement	O
system	O
,	O
luteolin	B-CHED
(	O
10	O
)	O
was	O
the	O
most	O
potent	O
with	O
the	O
CH50	O
and	O
AP50	O
values	O
of	O
0	O
.	O
19	O
and	O
0	O
.	O
17	O
mM	O
.	O
The	O
bioactive	O
flavonoids	B-CHED
were	O
mainly	O
derived	O
from	O
Herba	O
Houttuyniae	O
,	O
Flos	B-SPEC
Chrysanthemi	O
Indici	O
and	O
Herba	O
Artemisiae	O
Scopariae	O
.	O

What	O
was	O
believed	O
to	O
be	O
the	O
end	O
of	O
the	O
Toronto	O
SARS	B-DISO
outbreak	O
led	O
the	O
Provincial	O
Operations	O
Centre	O
(	O
POC	O
)	O
to	O
issue	O
a	O
directive	O
allowing	O
a	O
more	O
relaxed	O
use	O
of	O
infection	B-DISO
-	O
control	O
precautions	O
during	O
the	O
beginning	O
of	O
Phase	O
2	O
of	O
the	O
outbreak	O
.	O

Staff	O
members	O
who	O
worked	O
the	O
evening	O
shift	O
or	O
the	O
morning	O
shift	O
and	O
therefore	O
likely	O
attended	O
a	O
nursing	B-PROC
appreciation	O
breakfast	O
were	O
five	O
times	O
more	O
likely	O
to	O
acquire	O
SARS	B-DISO
than	O
those	O
who	O
did	O
not	O
attend	O
.	O

The	O
aim	O
of	O
this	O
study	O
was	O
to	O
quantify	O
and	O
compare	O
interferon	O
-	O
gamma	O
(	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
gamma	I-PRGE
)	O
concentrations	O
in	O
the	O
serum	B-COMP
of	O
clinically	O
normal	O
cats	B-SPEC
infected	O
with	O
feline	B-SPEC
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
FCoV	B-SPEC
)	O
with	O
its	O
concentration	O
in	O
the	O
sera	B-COMP
and	O
effusions	B-DISO
of	O
cats	B-SPEC
with	O
feline	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
peritonitis	I-DISO
(	O
FIP	B-DISO
),	O
a	O
disease	O
associated	O
with	O
infection	B-DISO
with	O
a	O
mutated	O
form	O
of	O
FCoV	B-SPEC
.	O
Clinically	O
normal	O
FCoV	O
-	O
infected	O
cats	B-SPEC
living	O
in	O
catteries	O
with	O
a	O
high	O
prevalence	O
of	O
FIP	B-DISO
had	O
the	O
highest	O
serum	B-COMP
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
gamma	I-PRGE
concentrations	O
.	O

Moreover	O
,	O
the	O
concentration	O
of	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
gamma	I-PRGE
was	O
significantly	O
higher	O
in	O
the	O
effusions	B-DISO
than	O
in	O
the	O
serum	B-COMP
of	O
cats	B-SPEC
with	O
FIP	B-DISO
,	O
probably	O
due	O
to	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
gamma	I-PRGE
production	O
within	O
lesions	O
.	O

Following	O
the	O
identification	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
associated	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
,	O
two	O
other	O
newly	O
detected	O
coronaviruses	O
,	O
NL63	O
and	O
HKU1	O
,	O
have	O
been	O
linked	O
to	O
respiratory	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
in	O
humans	B-SPEC
.	O

Epidemics	O
that	O
recently	O
affected	O
the	O
world	O
of	O
work	O
are	O
zoonoses	B-DISO
,	O
such	O
as	O
cases	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
in	O
healthcare	O
staff	O
Dutch	O
poultry	O
workers	O
infected	O
with	O
the	O
avian	B-SPEC
virus	B-SPEC
A	O
/	O
H7N7	O
in	O
2003	O
,	O
the	O
current	O
threat	O
of	O
avian	B-PRGE
flu	I-PRGE
A	I-PRGE
/	O
H5N1	B-DISO
to	O
poultry	O
workers	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
determine	O
the	O
viral	O
cause	O
of	O
laryngeal	O
croup	B-DISO
by	O
use	O
of	O
highly	O
sensitive	O
methods	O
,	O
and	O
including	O
recently	O
recognized	O
viruses	B-SPEC
in	O
the	O
analysis	O
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
Acute	O
laryngeal	B-ANAT
croup	B-DISO
is	O
most	O
often	O
associated	O
with	O
PIV	O
,	O
RSV	B-SPEC
,	O
rhinovirus	B-SPEC
,	O
and	O
enterovirus	B-SPEC
.	O

Sepsis	B-DISO
is	O
still	O
a	O
vital	O
risk	O
factor	O
referring	O
to	O
systemic	B-DISO
inflammatory	I-DISO
response	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
,	O
infection	B-DISO
,	I-DISO
secondary	I-DISO
multiple	O
organ	B-ANAT
dysfunction	O
,	O
etc	O
.	O

High	O
-	O
performance	O
liquid	O
chromatography	O
analysis	O
demonstrated	O
that	O
nsp16	O
mediates	O
methyl	O
transfer	O
from	O
AdoMet	B-CHED
to	O
the	O
2	O
'	O
O	O
position	O
of	O
the	O
first	O
transcribed	O
nucleotide	B-CHED
,	O
thus	O
converting	O
(	O
7Me	O
)	O
GpppAC	O
(	O
3	O
-	O
6	O
)	O
into	O
(	O
7Me	O
)	O
GpppA	O
(	O
2	O
')(	O
O	O
)(	O
Me	O
)	O
C	O
(	O
3	O
-	O
6	O
).	O

Our	O
results	O
suggest	O
that	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
mRNA	B-CHED
carries	O
a	O
cap	B-DISO
-	O
1	O
,	O
onto	O
which	O
2	O
'	O
O	O
methylation	B-PROC
follows	O
an	O
order	B-SPEC
of	O
events	O
in	O
which	O
2	O
'	O
O	O
-	O
methyl	B-CHED
transfer	O
must	O
be	O
preceded	O
by	O
guanine	B-CHED
N7	O
methylation	B-PROC
,	O
with	O
the	O
latter	O
step	O
being	O
performed	O
by	O
a	O
yet	O
-	O
unknown	O
N7	O
-	O
specific	O
MTase	B-PRGE
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Virus	O
-	O
specific	O
CD8	B-PRGE
(+)	O
T	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
are	O
critical	O
for	O
protection	O
against	O
neurotropic	O
coronaviruses	O
;	O
however	O
,	O
central	B-ANAT
nervous	I-ANAT
system	I-ANAT
(	O
CNS	B-CHED
)	O
infection	B-DISO
with	O
the	O
recombinant	O
JHM	O
(	O
RJHM	O
)	O
strain	O
of	O
mouse	B-DISO
hepatitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
MHV	B-SPEC
)	O
elicits	O
a	O
weak	O
CD8	B-PRGE
(+)	O
T	B-ANAT
-	I-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
response	O
in	O
the	O
brain	B-ANAT
and	O
causes	O
lethal	O
encephalomyelitis	B-DISO
.	O

Here	O
,	O
we	O
report	O
the	O
full	O
genomic	O
sequences	O
of	O
bat	B-PRGE
CoVs	I-PRGE
1A	I-PRGE
,	O
1B	O
and	O
HKU8	O
.	O

These	O
findings	O
highlight	O
that	O
co	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
infections	I-DISO
of	O
some	O
coronaviruses	O
might	O
be	O
common	O
events	O
in	O
nature	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Procalcitonin	O
is	O
a	O
valuable	O
prognostic	O
marker	O
in	O
ARDS	B-DISO
caused	O
by	O
community	O
-	O
acquired	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
.	O

Of	O
the	O
22	O
patients	O
with	O
ARDS	B-DISO
caused	O
by	O
CAP	B-DISO
and	O
enrolled	O
in	O
the	O
study	O
,	O
17	O
(	O
77	O
.	O
3	O
%)	O
were	O
alive	O
14	O
days	O
after	O
admission	O
and	O
five	O
(	O
22	O
.	O
7	O
%)	O
had	O
died	B-PROC
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
PCT	B-DISO
analysed	O
within	O
72	O
h	O
of	O
the	O
onset	O
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
predicted	O
mortality	O
of	O
patients	O
with	O
ARDS	B-DISO
caused	O
by	O
severe	O
CAP	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
pursuit	O
of	O
lung	B-ANAT
-	O
protective	O
ventilation	O
.	O

The	O
present	O
commentary	O
reviews	O
aspects	O
of	O
this	O
work	O
,	O
with	O
particular	O
attention	O
to	O
the	O
implementation	O
of	O
low	O
-	O
tidal	O
-	O
volume	O
/	O
lung	B-ANAT
-	O
protective	O
ventilatory	O
strategies	O
in	O
ALI	O
/	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Identification	O
of	O
oxidative	B-DISO
stress	I-DISO
and	O
Toll	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
like	I-PRGE
receptor	I-PRGE
4	I-PRGE
signaling	B-PROC
as	O
a	O
key	O
pathway	B-PROC
of	O
acute	O
lung	O
injury	O
.	O

Adding	O
a	O
propylamino	O
group	O
to	O
give	O
promazine	B-CHED
reduced	O
virus	B-SPEC
yields	O
(	O
VYR	O
assay	O
)	O
with	O
an	O
EC	O
(	O
90	O
)=	O
8	O
.	O
3	O
+/-	O
2	O
.	O
8	O
microM	O
,	O
but	O
without	O
selectivity	O
.	O

Intraperitoneal	O
treatment	O
with	O
promazine	B-CHED
using	O
a	O
prophylactic	O
(-	O
4h	O
)/	O
therapeutic	O
regimen	O
of	O
1	O
,	O
10	O
,	O
or	O
50mg	O
/(	O
kg	O
day	O
)	O
did	O
not	O
reduce	O
virus	B-SPEC
lung	B-ANAT
titers	O
at	O
day	O
3	O
,	O
yet	O
prolonged	O
virus	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
to	O
14	O
days	O
.	O

During	O
the	O
viral	O
and	O
host	B-COMP
cellular	B-PROC
membrane	I-PROC
fusion	I-PROC
,	O
HR1	O
and	O
HR2	O
form	O
6	O
-	O
helix	O
bundle	O
,	O
positioning	O
the	O
fusion	O
peptide	B-CHED
closely	O
to	O
the	O
C	O
-	O
terminal	O
region	O
of	O
ectodomain	O
to	O
drive	O
apposition	O
and	O
subsequent	O
membrane	B-PROC
fusion	I-PROC
.	O

The	O
results	O
suggest	O
that	O
the	O
Trp	O
-	O
rich	O
region	O
of	O
S	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
is	O
essential	O
for	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
infectivity	O
.	O

This	O
observation	O
was	O
expanded	O
by	O
profiling	O
the	O
inhibitory	O
activity	O
of	O
the	O
nonselective	O
isopeptidase	O
inhibitor	B-CHED
NSC	O
632839	O
against	O
DUBs	O
and	O
deSUMOylases	O
.	O

Preincubation	O
of	O
CCV2	O
-	O
2	O
mAb	O
with	O
FCoV	B-PRGE
antigen	I-PRGE
suppressed	O
the	O
immunostaining	O
.	O

In	O
contrast	O
,	O
none	O
or	O
only	O
a	O
few	O
cells	B-COMP
were	O
positive	O
for	O
the	O
FIPV3	O
-	O
70	O
mAb	O
.	O

These	O
findings	O
provide	O
evidence	O
for	O
antigenic	O
heterogeneity	O
in	O
coronavirus	B-PRGE
nucleocapsid	B-COMP
protein	B-CHED
in	O
FIP	B-DISO
lesions	O
,	O
a	O
result	O
that	O
is	O
in	O
line	O
with	O
molecular	O
observations	O
.	O

Frequent	O
hematologic	O
findings	O
were	O
mild	O
anemia	B-DISO
,	O
thrombocytopenia	O
,	O
and	O
hypergammaglobulinemia	B-DISO
.	O

We	O
sought	O
to	O
determine	O
the	O
effect	O
of	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
in	O
the	O
prone	O
position	O
on	O
mortality	O
,	O
oxygenation	B-PROC
,	O
duration	O
of	O
ventilation	O
and	O
adverse	O
events	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
acute	O
hypoxemic	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Clinical	O
features	O
,	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
and	O
immunobiology	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

These	O
subjects	O
developed	O
respiratory	B-DISO
distress	I-DISO
shortly	O
after	O
admission	O
,	O
and	O
expired	O
following	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
.	O

At	O
autopsy	O
,	O
generalised	B-DISO
lymphadenopathy	I-DISO
was	O
observed	O
.	O

Our	O
objective	O
was	O
to	O
summarize	O
data	O
on	O
the	O
prevalence	O
of	O
depressive	O
,	O
posttraumatic	B-DISO
stress	I-DISO
disorder	I-DISO
(	O
PTSD	B-DISO
),	O
and	O
other	O
anxiety	O
syndromes	B-DISO
amongst	O
survivors	O
of	O
ALI	O
/	O
ARDS	B-DISO
,	O
potential	O
risk	O
factors	O
for	O
these	O
syndromes	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
their	O
relationships	O
to	O
quality	O
of	O
life	O
.	O

As	O
several	O
years	O
have	O
now	O
passed	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
possible	O
to	O
interrogate	O
national	O
statistics	O
that	O
have	O
become	O
available	O
since	O
the	O
outbreak	O
to	O
provide	O
a	O
more	O
accurate	O
estimate	O
of	O
the	O
actual	O
macro	O
-	O
economic	O
impact	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
.	O

Estimates	O
and	O
models	O
produced	O
at	O
the	O
time	O
of	O
the	O
outbreak	O
suggested	O
that	O
SARS	B-DISO
could	O
have	O
a	O
catastrophic	O
effect	O
on	O
the	O
global	O
economy	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Childhood	O
scrub	B-DISO
typhus	I-DISO
in	O
eastern	O
Taiwan	O
:	O
ten	O
-	O
year	O
experience	O
from	O
a	O
medical	O
center	O
.	O

Most	O
reports	O
have	O
been	O
concerned	O
about	O
mainly	O
adult	O
patients	O
,	O
whereas	O
serologic	O
surveys	O
suggested	O
that	O
as	O
many	O
as	O
one	O
-	O
half	O
of	O
cases	O
of	O
scrub	B-DISO
typhus	I-DISO
might	O
be	O
in	O
children	O
.	O

We	O
conducted	O
a	O
retrospective	O
study	O
of	O
childhood	O
scrub	B-DISO
typhus	I-DISO
in	O
our	O
hospital	O
from	O
January	O
1997	O
to	O
December	O
2006	O
.	O

Fever	B-PROC
and	O
chigger	B-SPEC
bite	B-PROC
history	O
were	O
presented	O
in	O
all	O
15	O
cases	O
,	O
and	O
eschar	B-DISO
lesion	O
was	O
identified	O
in	O
12	O
patients	O
(	O
80	O
%).	O

Three	O
patients	O
(	O
20	O
%)	O
had	O
meningoencephalitis	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
two	O
(	O
13	O
%)	O
hemophagocytic	B-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
were	O
confirmed	O
by	O
bone	B-ANAT
marrow	I-ANAT
biopsy	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
The	O
oxygenation	B-PROC
parameters	O
,	O
protein	B-CHED
and	O
histological	O
data	O
were	O
similar	O
,	O
except	O
for	O
the	O
fact	O
that	O
significantly	O
more	O
normal	O
alveoli	B-ANAT
were	O
observed	O
upon	O
protective	O
ventilation	O
.	O

This	O
case	O
suggests	O
that	O
the	O
initial	O
neuropathological	O
changes	O
in	O
PSP	B-DISO
is	O
located	O
in	O
the	O
dorsal	O
brainstem	B-ANAT
.	O

Ultrastructural	O
analysis	O
of	O
globoid	O
-	O
shaped	O
tangles	O
in	O
the	O
brainstem	B-ANAT
revealed	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
straight	O
and	O
paired	O
helicoidal	O
filaments	O
compatible	O
with	O
a	O
PSP	B-DISO
.	O

Bottom	O
ashes	O
were	O
dominated	O
by	O
low	O
molecular	O
weight	O
PAHs	B-CHED
(	O
LM	O
-	O
PAH	B-DISO
;	O
containing	O
two	O
-	O
to	O
three	O
-	O
ringed	O
PAHs	B-CHED
)	O
and	O
medium	O
molecular	O
weight	O
PAHs	B-CHED
(	O
MM	O
-	O
PAH	B-DISO
;	O
containing	O
four	O
-	O
ringed	O
PAHs	B-CHED
),	O
while	O
fly	B-SPEC
ashes	O
were	O
abundant	O
in	O
MM	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
PAH	I-PRGE
and	O
high	O
molecular	O
weight	O
PAHs	B-CHED
(	O
HM	O
-	O
PAH	B-DISO
,	O
containing	O
five	O
-	O
to	O
six	O
-	O
ringed	O
PAHs	B-CHED
).	O

Humoral	O
(	O
by	O
enzyme	O
-	O
linked	O
immunosorbent	O
assay	O
,	O
ELISA	O
)	O
and	O
cellular	B-COMP
(	O
by	O
cell	B-PROC
proliferation	B-DISO
and	O
CD4	B-PRGE
(+):	O
CD8	B-PRGE
(+)	O
assay	O
)	O
immunity	B-PROC
was	O
detected	O
by	O
using	O
recombinant	O
N1	O
and	O
N3	O
specific	O
antigen	B-CHED
.	O

The	O
study	O
of	O
associations	O
between	O
important	O
SARS	B-DISO
characteristics	O
considerably	O
enhanced	O
the	O
mainstream	O
epidemic	O
analysis	O
and	O
improved	O
the	O
understanding	O
of	O
the	O
relationships	O
between	O
the	O
observed	O
epidemic	O
determinants	O
.	O

CoPPIX	O
or	O
ZnPPIX	O
(	O
an	O
HO	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
inhibitor	B-CHED
)	O
was	O
administered	O
to	O
mice	B-SPEC
24	O
h	O
prior	O
to	O
LPS	B-DISO
exposure	O
.	O

In	O
addition	O
,	O
CoPPIX	O
was	O
also	O
believed	O
to	O
have	O
down	O
-	O
regulated	O
the	O
expression	B-PROC
of	O
LPS	B-DISO
-	O
induced	O
proinflammatory	O
cytokines	O
,	O
including	O
early	B-PRGE
proinflammatory	I-PRGE
cytokine	I-PRGE
TNF	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
a	I-PRGE
,	O
and	O
late	B-PRGE
proinflammatory	I-PRGE
cytokine	I-PRGE
Hmgb1	I-PRGE
.	O

Increasingly	O
,	O
however	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
becoming	O
apparent	O
that	O
certain	O
pyruvate	B-CHED
esters	B-CHED
,	O
including	O
ethyl	B-CHED
pyruvate	B-CHED
,	O
have	O
pharmacological	O
effects	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
suppression	B-DISO
of	O
inflammation	B-DISO
,	O
which	O
are	O
distinct	O
from	O
those	O
exerted	B-PROC
by	O
pyruvate	B-CHED
anion	B-CHED
.	O

We	O
characterized	O
the	O
clinical	O
features	O
of	O
Nipah	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
-	O
infected	O
individuals	O
affected	O
by	O
these	O
outbreaks	O
.	O

Fever	B-PROC
,	O
altered	B-DISO
mental	I-DISO
status	I-DISO
,	O
headache	B-DISO
,	I-DISO
cough	I-DISO
,	O
respiratory	B-DISO
difficulty	I-DISO
,	O
vomiting	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
convulsions	B-DISO
were	O
the	O
most	O
common	O
signs	B-DISO
and	I-DISO
symptoms	I-DISO
;	O
clinical	O
and	O
radiographic	O
features	O
of	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
of	O
Nipah	O
illness	O
were	O
identified	O
during	O
the	O
fourth	O
outbreak	O
.	O

Among	O
those	O
who	O
died	B-PROC
,	O
death	B-PROC
occurred	O
a	O
median	O
of	O
6	O
days	O
(	O
range	O
,	O
2	O
-	O
36	O
days	O
)	O
after	O
the	O
onset	O
of	O
illness	O
.	O

As	O
a	O
relatively	O
late	O
rescue	O
therapy	O
after	O
failure	O
of	O
CMV	B-SPEC
,	O
HFOV	O
may	O
improve	O
PaCO2	O
and	O
PaO2	O
/	O
FiO2	O
in	O
children	O
with	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
.	O

Blood	B-ANAT
and	O
turbinate	B-ANAT
wash	O
samples	O
,	O
and	O
lung	B-ANAT
tissue	I-ANAT
were	O
collected	O
from	O
each	O
animal	B-SPEC
at	O
different	O
time	O
points	O
after	O
SARS	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
CoV	O
)	O
infection	B-DISO
for	O
determining	O
the	O
growth	B-PROC
curve	O
of	O
virus	B-SPEC
,	O
if	O
any	O
,	O
by	O
the	O
standard	O
infectivity	O
assay	O
in	O
Vero	O
E6	O
cells	B-COMP
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Methods	O
of	O
data	O
collection	O
and	O
analysis	O
for	O
the	O
economic	O
evaluation	O
alongside	O
a	O
national	O
,	O
multi	O
-	O
centre	O
trial	O
in	O
the	O
UK	O
:	O
conventional	O
ventilation	O
or	O
ECMO	O
for	O
Severe	O
Adult	O
Respiratory	B-DISO
Failure	I-DISO
(	O
CESAR	O
).	O

Lymphopenia	B-DISO
can	O
be	O
caused	O
by	O
glucocorticoids	B-CHED
,	O
and	O
thus	O
any	O
debilitating	O
condition	B-DISO
has	O
the	O
potential	O
to	O
induce	O
lymphopenia	B-DISO
via	O
stress	O
mechanism	O
involving	O
the	O
hypothalamic	B-ANAT
-	I-ANAT
pituitary	I-ANAT
-	I-ANAT
adrenal	I-ANAT
axis	I-ANAT
.	O

Because	O
of	O
the	O
insidious	O
presentation	O
,	O
SARS	O
was	O
treated	O
with	O
antibacterial	O
,	O
antiviral	B-CHED
and	O
supra	O
-	O
physiological	O
doses	O
of	O
glucocorticoids	B-CHED
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
protein	B-CHED
6	O
accelerates	O
murine	B-DISO
hepatitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
infections	B-DISO
by	O
more	O
than	O
one	O
mechanism	O
.	O

SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
6	I-PRGE
increases	O
MHV	B-SPEC
neurovirulence	O
and	O
accelerates	O
MHV	B-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
kinetics	O
in	O
tissue	B-ANAT
culture	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Structural	O
analysis	O
of	O
major	O
species	B-SPEC
barriers	O
between	O
humans	B-SPEC
and	O
palm	B-ANAT
civets	B-SPEC
for	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Late	O
respiratory	B-PROC
function	I-PROC
complications	O
following	O
burns	O
].	O

The	O
presence	O
of	O
both	O
restrictive	O
and	O
obstructive	O
defects	O
led	O
to	O
the	O
suggestion	O
of	O
alternative	O
underlying	O
mechanisms	O
such	O
as	O
the	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
consequences	O
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
and	O
extensive	O
dermal	O
scars	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
replication	O
/	O
transcription	B-PROC
complexes	O
are	O
membrane	B-COMP
-	O
protected	O
and	O
need	O
a	O
host	B-COMP
factor	O
for	O
activity	O
in	O
vitro	O
.	O

Furthermore	O
,	O
the	O
pelleted	O
RTC	O
required	O
the	O
addition	O
of	O
a	O
cytoplasmic	B-PRGE
host	B-COMP
factor	I-PRGE
for	O
reconstitution	O
of	O
its	O
in	O
vitro	O
activity	O
.	O

The	O
RTC	O
appeared	O
to	O
be	O
protected	O
by	O
membranes	B-ANAT
,	O
as	O
newly	O
synthesized	O
viral	O
RNA	O
and	O
several	O
replicase	B-PRGE
/	I-PRGE
transcriptase	I-PRGE
subunits	I-PRGE
were	O
protease	O
-	O
and	O
nuclease	O
-	O
resistant	O
and	O
became	O
susceptible	O
to	O
degradation	O
only	O
upon	O
addition	O
of	O
a	O
non	O
-	O
ionic	O
detergent	B-CHED
.	O

These	O
data	O
indicate	O
that	O
E	B-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
might	O
be	O
a	O
virulence	B-PROC
factor	O
influencing	O
replication	O
level	O
,	O
tissue	B-PROC
tropism	B-PROC
and	O
pathogenicity	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
,	O
suggesting	O
that	O
DeltaE	O
attenuated	O
viruses	B-SPEC
are	O
promising	O
vaccine	O
candidates	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Analysis	O
of	O
fatal	O
risk	O
factors	O
for	O
severe	O
acute	B-DISO
pancreatitis	I-DISO
:	O
a	O
report	O
of	O
141	O
cases	O
].	O

All	O
the	O
patients	O
were	O
divided	O
into	O
2	O
groups	O
,	O
the	O
death	B-PROC
group	O
and	O
the	O
survival	O
group	O
.	O

There	O
were	O
significant	O
differences	O
between	O
the	O
two	O
groups	O
in	O
age	O
,	O
body	B-ANAT
mass	O
index	O
,	O
length	O
of	O
stay	O
,	O
APACHE	O
II	O
score	O
,	O
multiple	B-DISO
organ	I-DISO
dysfunction	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
MODS	B-DISO
)	O
and	O
abdominal	B-DISO
compartment	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ACS	B-FUNC
)	O
(	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
).	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Total	O
hepatectomy	O
with	O
temporary	O
portocaval	O
shunt	O
was	O
employed	O
as	O
a	O
bridging	O
procedure	O
before	O
liver	O
transplantation	O
,	O
in	O
the	O
setting	O
of	O
fulminant	B-DISO
hepatic	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
with	O
""""	O
toxic	O
liver	B-ANAT
syndrome	B-DISO
""";"	O
acute	O
,	O
severe	O
,	O
and	O
extensive	O
liver	B-DISO
necrosis	B-PROC
associated	O
with	O
cardiovascular	B-ANAT
shock	O
and	O
acute	B-DISO
renal	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
with	O
or	O
without	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
.	O

The	O
distribution	O
of	O
the	O
different	O
HCoV	O
species	B-SPEC
varies	O
according	O
to	O
the	O
geographic	O
area	O
and	O
season	O
.	O

In	O
contrast	O
,	O
the	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
is	O
responsible	O
of	O
the	O
first	O
emerging	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
of	O
this	O
millennium	O
,	O
infecting	O
more	O
than	O
8000	O
people	O
between	O
November	O
2002	O
and	O
July	O
2003	O
.	O

The	O
detection	O
of	O
these	O
viruses	B-SPEC
is	O
difficult	O
and	O
mainly	O
based	O
on	O
molecular	O
assays	O
(	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
).	O

Forty	O
-	O
seven	O
(	O
26	O
.	O
4	O
%)	O
of	O
178	O
NPAs	O
were	O
positive	O
:	O
18	O
rhinovirus	O
,	O
15	O
hMPV	B-SPEC
,	O
4	B-PRGE
RSV	I-PRGE
A	I-PRGE
,	I-PRGE
3	I-PRGE
coronavirus	B-SPEC
OC43	I-PRGE
,	I-PRGE
3	I-PRGE
influenza	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
A	I-PRGE
,	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
adenovirus	B-DISO
,	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
coronavirus	B-SPEC
NL63	I-PRGE
,	I-PRGE
and	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
RSV	B-SPEC
B	I-PRGE
.	O
Based	O
on	O
maximum	O
identity	O
,	O
each	O
of	O
the	O
sequences	O
indicating	O
rhinovirus	B-SPEC
,	O
hMPV	B-SPEC
,	O
and	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
OC43	O
matched	O
to	O
the	O
corresponding	O
viruses	B-SPEC
with	O
homology	O
of	O
94	O
-	O
98	O
%,	O
96	O
-	O
99	O
%,	O
and	O
98	O
-	O
100	O
%,	O
respectively	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
epidemic	O
of	O
the	O
severe	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
has	O
swept	O
through	O
the	O
globe	B-ANAT
with	O
more	O
than	O
8000	O
reported	O
probable	O
cases	O
.	O

We	O
were	O
the	O
third	O
group	O
in	O
the	O
world	O
to	O
release	B-PATH
the	O
complete	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
genome	O
sequence	O
(	O
isolate	O
CUHK	O
-	O
W1	O
)	O
on	O
the	O
world	O
-	O
wide	O
web	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
reviewed	O
data	O
obtained	O
from	O
representative	O
patients	O
from	O
the	O
hospital	O
and	O
community	O
outbreaks	O
has	O
documented	O
the	O
evolution	B-PROC
of	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
in	O
this	O
epidemic	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
The	O
laboratory	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
:	O
emerging	O
laboratory	O
tests	O
for	O
an	O
emerging	O
pathogen	O
.	O

Measurement	O
of	O
biochemical	O
markers	O
of	O
bone	B-PROC
metabolism	B-PROC
demonstrated	O
significant	O
but	O
transient	O
increase	O
in	O
bone	B-PROC
resorption	B-PROC
from	O
Day	O
28	O
-	O
44	O
after	O
onset	O
of	O
fever	B-PROC
,	O
when	O
pulse	B-PROC
steroid	B-CHED
was	O
most	O
frequently	O
given	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Acute	O
febrile	O
respiratory	O
illness	O
(	O
FRI	O
)	O
leading	O
to	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
is	O
a	O
common	O
reason	O
for	O
admission	O
to	O
the	O
ICU	O
.	O

Emerging	O
viral	O
infectious	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
such	O
as	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
and	O
avian	B-DISO
influenza	I-DISO
present	O
with	O
acute	O
FRIs	O
progressing	O
to	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
and	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Impact	O
of	O
public	O
health	O
interventions	O
in	O
controlling	O
the	O
spread	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
:	O
modelling	O
of	O
intervention	O
scenarios	O
.	O

Tracing	O
casual	O
contacts	O
and	O
measures	O
aiming	O
to	O
decrease	O
social	O
interaction	O
were	O
less	O
effective	O
in	O
reducing	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
cases	O
.	O

The	O
study	O
emphasizes	O
the	O
importance	O
of	O
early	O
identification	O
and	O
isolation	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
cases	O
to	O
reduce	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
people	O
getting	O
infected	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
immunogenicity	O
and	O
protective	O
efficacy	O
of	O
a	O
live	O
attenuated	O
vaccine	O
consisting	O
of	O
a	O
recombinant	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
lacking	O
the	O
E	B-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
(	O
rSARS	O
-	O
CoV	O
-	O
DeltaE	O
)	O
were	O
studied	O
using	O
hamsters	B-SPEC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Traumatic	O
mitral	B-DISO
regurgitation	I-DISO
with	O
acute	B-DISO
pulmonary	I-DISO
edema	I-DISO
].	O

A	O
44	O
-	O
year	O
-	O
old	O
,	O
small	O
-	O
statured	O
female	O
with	O
cretinism	B-DISO
had	O
a	O
traffic	O
accident	O
.	O

Eleven	O
days	O
after	O
the	O
accident	O
,	O
she	O
was	O
admitted	O
to	O
our	O
hospital	O
with	O
severe	O
respiratory	B-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
by	O
acute	B-DISO
pulmonary	I-DISO
edema	I-DISO
.	O

Therefore	O
,	O
it	O
will	O
be	O
useful	O
in	O
screening	O
binding	B-FUNC
candidates	O
for	O
a	O
given	O
RNA	O
target	O
motif	O
with	O
one	O
chip	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
intraperitoneal	O
interferon	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
gamma	I-FUNC
injection	O
protected	O
adult	O
mice	B-SPEC
from	O
the	O
lethal	O
respiratory	O
illness	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Combination	O
of	O
functionalized	O
nanoparticles	B-CHED
and	O
polymerase	O
chain	O
reaction	O
-	O
based	O
method	O
for	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
gene	O
detection	O
.	O

The	O
full	O
-	O
length	O
genome	O
was	O
27	O
,	O
632	O
nucleotides	B-CHED
plus	O
the	O
3	O
'	O
poly	O
(	O
A	O
)	O
tail	O
.	O

Comparison	O
between	O
patients	O
and	O
close	O
contacts	O
showed	O
that	O
individuals	O
with	O
the	O
+	O
1664	O
C	O
/	O
T	O
(	O
CT	O
and	O
TT	O
)	O
genotype	O
had	O
a	O
2	O
.	O
09	O
-	O
fold	O
(	O
95	O
%	O
confidence	O
interval	O
[	O
CI	O
],	O
1	O
.	O
90	O
-	O
7	O
.	O
16	O
)	O
and	O
2	O
.	O
34	O
-	O
fold	O
(	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
,	O
1	O
.	O
79	O
-	O
13	O
.	O
37	O
)	O
increased	O
risk	O
of	O
developing	O
SARS	B-DISO
,	O
respectively	O
.	O

Each	O
year	O
our	O
country	O
is	O
stricken	O
by	O
flu	B-DISO
epidemics	O
,	O
but	O
at	O
some	O
points	O
of	O
time	O
unexpected	O
new	O
flu	B-DISO
viruses	B-SPEC
may	O
cause	O
a	O
worldwide	O
pandemic	O
.	O

Viruses	B-SPEC
take	O
all	O
opportunities	O
in	O
our	O
changing	O
world	O
and	O
have	O
many	O
more	O
surprises	O
in	O
store	O
for	O
us	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Immunomodulatory	O
and	O
anti	O
-	O
SARS	B-DISO
activities	O
of	O
Houttuynia	B-SPEC
cordata	I-SPEC
.	O

On	O
the	O
other	O
hand	O
,	O
oral	B-ANAT
acute	O
toxicity	O
test	O
demonstrated	O
that	O
HC	O
was	O
non	O
-	O
toxic	O
to	O
laboratory	O
animals	B-SPEC
following	O
oral	B-ANAT
administration	O
at	O
16	O
g	O
/	O
kg	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Results	O
showed	O
that	O
HC	O
water	B-CHED
extract	O
could	O
stimulate	O
the	O
proliferation	B-DISO
of	O
mouse	B-SPEC
splenic	B-ANAT
lymphocytes	B-ANAT
significantly	O
and	O
dose	O
-	O
dependently	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Respiratory	B-DISO
dysfunction	I-DISO
in	O
sleep	B-DISO
apnea	I-DISO
associated	O
with	O
quetiapine	B-CHED
.	O

The	O
aim	O
of	O
this	O
work	O
is	O
to	O
report	O
on	O
moderate	O
to	O
severe	O
respiratory	B-DISO
dysfunction	I-DISO
after	O
normal	O
oral	B-ANAT
doses	O
of	O
quetiapine	B-CHED
in	O
two	O
obese	B-DISO
patients	O
with	O
sleep	B-DISO
apnea	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SAS	O
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Staff	O
perception	O
and	O
institutional	O
reporting	O
:	O
two	O
views	O
of	O
infection	B-DISO
control	O
compliance	O
in	O
British	O
Columbia	O
and	O
Ontario	O
three	O
years	O
after	O
an	O
outbreak	O
of	O
severe	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
.	O

The	O
pattern	O
of	O
BVDV	B-SPEC
immunolabeling	O
revealed	O
both	O
similarities	O
and	O
differences	O
compared	O
with	O
previous	O
studies	O
in	O
postnatal	O
calves	O
,	O
suggesting	O
that	O
viral	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
in	O
the	O
brain	B-ANAT
is	O
a	O
dynamic	O
and	O
progressive	O
rather	O
than	O
static	O
process	O
.	O

Approximately	O
one	O
third	O
of	O
Canadian	O
nurses	O
identified	O
job	B-DISO
strain	I-DISO
and	O
poor	O
health	O
,	O
related	O
to	O
their	O
work	O
environment	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
SARS	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
envelope	B-COMP
spike	O
(	O
S	O
)	O
glycoprotein	B-CHED
,	O
a	O
Class	B-SPEC
I	O
viral	O
fusion	O
protein	B-CHED
,	O
is	O
responsible	O
for	O
the	O
fusion	O
between	O
the	O
membranes	B-ANAT
of	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
and	O
the	O
target	B-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
.	O

From	O
fluorescence	O
and	O
infrared	O
spectroscopies	O
,	O
the	O
peptide	B-CHED
ability	O
to	O
induce	O
membrane	B-COMP
leakage	B-DISO
,	O
aggregation	O
and	O
fusion	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
its	O
affinity	O
toward	O
specific	O
phospholipids	B-CHED
,	O
was	O
assessed	O
.	O

These	O
data	O
suggest	O
that	O
cellular	B-COMP
signals	O
triggered	O
by	O
the	O
interaction	O
of	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
with	O
ACE2	B-PRGE
are	O
positively	O
involved	O
in	O
viral	O
entry	O
but	O
lead	O
to	O
tissue	B-ANAT
damage	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Infection	B-DISO
of	O
humans	B-SPEC
with	O
the	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
results	O
in	O
substantial	O
morbidity	O
and	O
mortality	O
,	O
with	O
death	B-PROC
resulting	O
primarily	O
from	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
.	O

This	O
extensive	O
neuronal	O
infection	B-DISO
is	O
the	O
main	O
cause	O
of	O
death	B-PROC
because	O
intracranial	O
inoculation	O
with	O
low	O
doses	O
of	O
virus	B-SPEC
results	O
in	O
a	O
uniformly	O
lethal	O
disease	O
even	O
though	O
little	O
infection	B-DISO
is	O
detected	O
in	O
the	O
lungs	B-ANAT
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Human	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
NL63	I-SPEC
and	O
229E	O
seroconversion	O
in	O
children	O
.	O

Methylprednisolone	B-CHED
in	O
a	O
dose	O
of	O
1	O
mg	O
x	O
kg	O
(-	O
1	O
)	O
x	O
day	O
(-	O
1	O
)	O
for	O
>	O
or	O
=	O
14	O
days	O
is	O
recommended	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
early	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

Glucocorticoids	B-CHED
should	O
be	O
weaned	B-PROC
and	O
not	O
stopped	O
abruptly	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
identification	O
and	O
characterization	O
of	O
B	O
-	O
cell	O
epitopes	O
play	O
an	O
important	O
role	O
in	O
vaccine	O
design	O
,	O
immunodiagnostic	O
tests	O
,	O
and	O
antibody	B-PROC
production	I-PROC
.	O

Therefore	O
,	O
computational	O
tools	O
for	O
reliably	O
predicting	O
linear	O
B	B-ANAT
-	I-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
epitopes	O
are	O
highly	O
desirable	O
.	O

Based	O
on	O
the	O
results	O
of	O
our	O
computational	O
experiments	O
,	O
we	O
propose	O
BCPred	O
,	O
a	O
novel	O
method	O
for	O
predicting	O
linear	O
B	B-ANAT
-	I-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
epitopes	O
using	O
the	O
subsequence	O
kernel	O
.	O

Analysis	O
of	O
the	O
data	O
sets	O
used	O
and	O
the	O
results	O
of	O
this	O
comparison	O
show	O
that	O
conclusions	O
about	O
the	O
relative	O
performance	O
of	O
different	O
B	B-ANAT
-	I-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
epitope	B-CHED
prediction	O
methods	O
drawn	O
on	O
the	O
basis	O
of	O
experiments	O
using	O
data	O
sets	O
of	O
unique	O
B	B-ANAT
-	I-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
epitopes	O
are	O
likely	O
to	O
yield	O
overly	O
optimistic	O
estimates	O
of	O
performance	O
of	O
evaluated	O
methods	O
.	O

Maintaining	O
and	O
enhancing	O
mental	O
well	O
being	O
of	O
the	O
public	O
over	O
the	O
period	O
of	O
epidemic	O
is	O
as	O
important	O
as	O
curbing	B-DISO
the	O
spread	O
of	O
the	O
epidemic	O
.	O

Canine	O
respiratory	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
CRCoV	O
)	O
is	O
a	O
new	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
of	O
dogs	B-SPEC
,	O
which	O
is	O
widespread	O
in	O
North	O
America	O
,	O
Japan	O
,	O
and	O
several	O
European	O
countries	O
.	O

In	O
the	O
H5N1	B-DISO
/	O
PR8	O
-	O
5B19	O
virus	B-SPEC
,	O
the	O
HA	O
cleavage	B-PROC
site	O
was	O
modified	O
to	O
resemble	O
that	O
of	O
low	O
-	O
pathogenic	O
avian	B-SPEC
strains	O
and	O
a	O
portion	O
of	O
the	O
NA	O
stalk	B-DISO
region	O
was	O
replaced	O
by	O
the	O
immunodominant	O
5B19	O
epitope	B-CHED
of	O
the	O
S2	B-PRGE
glycoprotein	I-PRGE
of	O
murine	B-DISO
hepatitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
MHV	B-SPEC
).	O

H5N1	B-DISO
/	O
PR8	O
-	O
5B19	O
is	O
not	O
lethal	O
to	O
embryonated	O
eggs	O
or	O
chickens	B-SPEC
.	O

This	O
viral	O
super	O
-	O
group	O
,	O
known	O
for	O
decades	O
,	O
has	O
still	O
to	O
face	B-DISO
the	O
full	O
force	O
of	O
a	O
molecular	O
biology	O
onslaught	O
.	O

Early	O
findings	O
from	O
infection	B-DISO
studies	O
and	O
use	O
of	O
inefficient	O
detection	O
methods	O
have	O
shaped	O
the	O
way	O
we	O
think	O
of	O
'	B-DISO
common	I-DISO
cold	I-DISO
'	O
viruses	B-SPEC
today	O
.	O

The	O
finding	O
of	O
many	O
divergent	O
and	O
previously	O
unrecognized	O
HRV	O
strains	O
has	O
drawn	O
attention	O
and	O
resources	O
back	B-ANAT
to	O
the	O
most	O
widespread	O
and	O
frequent	O
infectious	B-DISO
agent	O
of	O
humans	B-SPEC
;	O
providing	O
us	O
the	O
chance	O
to	O
seize	O
the	O
advantage	O
in	O
a	O
decades	O
-	O
long	O
cold	B-DISO
war	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Role	O
of	O
AQP	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
4	I-PRGE
in	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
water	B-CHED
metabolism	B-PROC
in	O
rats	B-SPEC
in	O
early	O
stage	O
of	O
oleic	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
-	O
induced	O
acute	O
lung	O
injury	O
].	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
evaluate	O
the	O
capacity	O
of	O
alveolar	B-ANAT
type	O
II	O
(	O
AT	O
II	O
)	O
cells	B-COMP
for	O
water	B-CHED
and	O
sodium	B-PROC
transport	I-PROC
in	O
rats	B-SPEC
with	O
early	O
-	O
stage	O
oleic	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
-	O
induced	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
(	O
ALI	O
)/	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
).	O

AT	O
II	O
cells	B-COMP
were	O
isolated	O
and	O
purified	O
from	O
rats	B-SPEC
with	O
ALI	O
/	O
ARDS	B-DISO
induced	O
by	O
oleic	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
,	O
and	O
their	O
morphology	O
was	O
observed	O
using	O
electron	O
microscopy	O
and	O
optical	O
microscopy	O
.	O

Smith	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
score	O
and	O
EVLW	O
in	O
ALI	O
group	O
were	O
significantly	O
higher	O
in	O
ALI	O
group	O
than	O
in	O
the	O
control	O
group	O
(	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
).	O

The	O
level	O
of	O
APQ	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
4	I-PRGE
whole	O
-	O
cell	B-COMP
currents	O
was	O
decreased	O
in	O
AT	O
II	O
cell	B-COMP
membrane	I-COMP
and	O
increased	O
in	O
cytoplasm	B-COMP
in	O
ALI	O
group	O
(	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
).	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Microscopic	O
examination	O
and	O
blood	B-PROC
gas	B-ENZY
analysis	O
indicated	O
severe	O
injury	O
of	O
the	O
lung	B-ANAT
tissues	I-ANAT
in	O
ALI	O
group	O
.	O

A	O
commercial	O
ELISA	O
kit	B-FUNC
for	O
detecting	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
antibody	B-COMP
was	O
modified	O
for	O
detecting	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
antibodies	B-COMP
in	O
bat	B-ENZY
serum	B-COMP
samples	O
.	O

The	O
second	O
antibody	B-COMP
in	O
the	O
kit	B-FUNC
was	O
replaced	O
with	O
horseradish	B-PRGE
peroxidase	B-ENZY
-	I-PRGE
conjugated	B-CHED
protein	I-CHED
-	I-PRGE
A	I-PRGE
(	O
HRP	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
SPA	I-PRGE
)	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
characteristics	O
of	O
binding	B-FUNC
between	O
Staphylococcus	B-PRGE
aureus	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
A	I-PRGE
(	O
SPA	B-PRGE
)	O
and	O
mammal	B-PRGE
IgG	I-PRGE
Fc	I-PRGE
fragment	I-PRGE
.	O

The	O
test	O
results	O
of	O
the	O
positive	O
and	O
negative	O
controls	O
in	O
the	O
kit	B-FUNC
and	O
the	O
serum	B-COMP
samples	O
from	O
convalescent	O
;	O
patient	O
were	O
consistent	O
with	O
expectation	O
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
This	O
SPA	O
-	O
ELISA	O
method	O
is	O
applicable	O
for	O
detecting	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
antibody	B-COMP
in	O
bat	B-ENZY
sera	B-COMP
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
may	O
develop	O
during	O
the	O
later	O
stages	O
of	O
pregnancy	O
and	O
is	O
usually	O
associated	O
with	O
tocolysis	O
or	O
other	O
co	O
-	O
existing	O
conditions	O
such	O
as	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
,	O
sepsis	B-DISO
,	O
pre	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
eclampsia	I-DISO
or	O
amniotic	B-DISO
fluid	I-DISO
embolism	I-DISO
syndrome	B-DISO
.	O

We	O
present	O
the	O
case	O
of	O
a	O
34	O
-	O
year	O
-	O
old	O
healthy	O
woman	O
with	O
a	O
twin	O
pregnancy	O
at	O
31	O
weeks	O
and	O
6	O
days	O
who	O
experienced	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
,	O
a	O
few	O
hours	O
after	O
administration	O
of	O
tocolysis	O
(	O
ritodrine	O
),	O
due	O
to	O
preterm	B-DISO
premature	I-DISO
rupture	I-DISO
of	I-DISO
the	I-DISO
membranes	I-DISO
.	O

As	O
there	O
was	O
no	O
evidence	O
for	O
drug	O
-	O
or	O
infection	O
-	O
related	O
thromboembolic	O
or	O
myocardial	O
causes	O
of	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
,	O
we	O
conclude	O
that	O
our	O
patient	O
experienced	O
a	O
rare	O
type	O
of	O
non	O
-	O
fatal	O
amniotic	B-DISO
fluid	I-DISO
embolism	I-DISO
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
As	O
a	O
first	O
-	O
stage	O
therapy	O
,	O
devascularization	O
of	O
internal	O
iliac	B-ANAT
arteries	I-ANAT
was	O
performed	O
in	O
29	O
patients	O
with	O
pelvic	B-ANAT
fractures	O
combined	O
with	O
massive	B-DISO
bleeding	I-DISO
,	O
including	O
ligation	O
of	O
bilateral	O
internal	O
iliac	B-ANAT
arteries	I-ANAT
in	O
21	O
patients	O
and	O
embolization	O
of	O
bilateral	O
internal	O
iliac	B-ANAT
arteries	I-ANAT
in	O
8	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
SARS	B-DISO
is	O
a	O
highly	O
contagious	O
infection	B-DISO
,	O
caused	O
by	O
new	O
coronavirus	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
.	O
Immunopathological	O
mechanisms	O
responsible	O
for	O
the	O
reaction	O
to	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
CoV	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
have	O
not	O
yet	O
been	O
fully	O
elucidated	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Complete	O
nucleotide	B-CHED
sequence	O
of	O
polyprotein	O
gene	O
1	O
and	O
genome	O
organization	O
of	O
turkey	B-SPEC
coronavirus	B-SPEC
.	O

ClustalW	O
analysis	O
revealed	O
88	O
.	O
99	O
%	O
identity	O
and	O
96	O
.	O
99	O
%	O
similarity	O
for	O
pp1ab	O
between	O
TCoV	O
and	O
avian	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
bronchitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
IBV	B-SPEC
)	O
at	O
the	O
amino	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
level	O
.	O

A	O
total	O
of	O
13	O
ORFs	O
were	O
predicted	O
for	O
TCoV	O
.	O
Five	O
subgenomic	O
RNAs	O
were	O
detected	O
from	O
ATCC	O
-	O
infected	O
turkey	B-SPEC
small	B-ANAT
intestines	I-ANAT
by	O
Northern	O
blotting	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
organ	B-ANAT
that	O
is	O
affected	O
first	O
and	O
most	O
severely	O
in	O
intraabdominal	O
sepsis	B-DISO
is	O
the	O
lung	B-ANAT
.	O

Oxygen	B-CHED
radicals	I-CHED
and	O
active	O
neutrophils	B-ANAT
in	O
the	O
lung	B-ANAT
are	O
important	O
sources	O
for	O
severe	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
inflammation	I-DISO
leading	O
to	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
(	O
ALI	O
)/	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

The	O
aim	O
of	O
this	O
study	O
was	O
to	O
investigate	O
the	O
effects	O
of	O
leflunomide	B-CHED
,	O
an	O
immunomodulatory	O
agent	O
,	O
on	O
oxidant	B-CHED
/	O
antioxidant	B-CHED
status	O
with	O
nitric	B-CHED
oxide	I-CHED
(	O
NO	O
)	O
level	O
and	O
myeloperoxidase	B-PRGE
(	O
MPO	B-FUNC
)	O
activity	O
in	O
rats	B-SPEC
with	O
sepsis	B-DISO
-	O
induced	O
ALI	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
A	O
65	O
-	O
year	O
-	O
old	O
man	B-CHED
was	O
admitted	O
because	O
of	O
high	O
grade	O
fever	B-PROC
and	O
cough	B-DISO
after	O
3	O
days	O
of	O
gathering	O
edible	O
wild	O
plants	B-SPEC
.	O

His	O
high	O
grade	O
fever	B-PROC
escalated	O
after	O
changing	O
the	O
antibiotics	B-CHED
(	O
imipenem	B-CHED
with	O
erythromycin	B-CHED
).	O

Careful	O
anamnesis	B-PROC
and	O
physical	O
examinations	O
are	O
most	O
important	O
for	O
the	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
Tsutsugamushi	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
.	O

From	O
those	O
,	O
142	O
(	O
37	O
.	O
6	O
%)	O
met	B-CHED
criteria	O
for	O
SPRF	O
.	O

In	O
these	O
we	O
could	O
find	O
12	O
(	O
23	O
%)	O
patients	O
that	O
met	B-CHED
criteria	O
for	O
that	O
entity	O
.	O

Intramuscular	O
immunization	O
of	O
mice	B-SPEC
with	O
this	O
vaccine	O
was	O
sufficient	O
to	O
induce	O
specific	O
prime	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
a	O
long	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
term	I-PROC
memory	I-PROC
humoral	B-PROC
immune	I-PROC
response	I-PROC
to	O
at	O
least	O
two	O
candidate	O
epitopes	O
,	O
S	O
(	O
437	O
-	O
459	O
)	O
and	O
M	O
(	O
1	O
-	O
20	O
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Use	O
of	O
albumin	B-PRGE
quotient	O
and	O
IgG	B-PRGE
index	O
to	O
differentiate	O
blood	B-ANAT
-	O
vs	O
brain	B-ANAT
-	O
derived	O
proteins	B-CHED
in	O
the	O
cerebrospinal	O
fluid	O
of	O
cats	B-SPEC
with	O
feline	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
peritonitis	I-DISO
.	O

CSF	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
total	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
(	O
TP	O
)	O
was	O
measured	O
and	O
albumin	B-PRGE
and	O
IgG	B-PRGE
concentrations	O
were	O
measured	O
in	O
paired	O
CSF	B-ANAT
/	O
serum	B-COMP
samples	O
;	O
Q	O
(	O
alb	O
)	O
and	O
IgG	B-PRGE
index	O
were	O
calculated	O
.	O

The	O
Q	O
(	O
alb	O
)	O
and	O
IgG	B-PRGE
index	O
did	O
not	O
identify	O
a	O
CSF	B-ANAT
protein	B-CHED
pattern	O
specific	O
for	O
BBB	B-CHED
dysfunction	O
or	O
intrathecal	B-ANAT
IgG	B-PRGE
synthesis	B-PROC
in	O
cats	B-SPEC
with	O
CNS	B-CHED
-	O
FIP	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Evaluation	O
of	O
the	O
protection	O
conferred	O
by	O
several	O
avian	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
bronchitis	I-DISO
attenuated	O
vaccines	O
against	O
the	O
field	O
strain	O
CK	O
/	O
CH	O
/	O
LDL	O
/	O
97	O
I	O
in	O
China	O
].	O

The	O
organ	O
samples	O
at	O
5	O
days	O
post	O
challenge	O
showed	O
that	O
the	O
viral	O
detection	O
rates	O
were	O
50	O
%-	O
90	O
%	O
and	O
10	O
%-	O
30	O
%	O
for	O
trachea	B-DISO
and	O
kidney	B-ANAT
,	O
respectively	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Fifty	O
-	O
one	O
specific	O
pathogen	O
-	O
free	O
(	O
SPF	O
)	O
cats	O
10	O
weeks	O
to	O
13	O
years	O
of	O
age	O
were	O
infected	O
with	O
a	O
cat	B-SPEC
-	O
to	O
-	O
cat	B-SPEC
fecal	B-ANAT
-	O
oral	B-ANAT
passed	O
strain	O
of	O
feline	B-SPEC
enteric	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
(	O
FECV	B-SPEC
).	O

Twenty	O
-	O
nine	O
of	O
these	O
cats	B-SPEC
were	O
FECV	B-SPEC
naïve	O
before	O
infection	B-DISO
and	O
followed	O
sequentially	O
for	O
fecal	B-ANAT
virus	B-DISO
shedding	I-DISO
and	O
antibody	B-PROC
responses	I-PROC
over	O
a	O
period	O
of	O
8	O
-	O
48	O
months	O
.	O

FECV	B-SPEC
shedding	O
remained	O
at	O
high	O
levels	O
for	O
2	O
-	O
10	O
months	O
before	O
eventually	O
evolving	O
into	O
one	O
of	O
three	O
excretion	B-PROC
patterns	O
.	O

Eleven	O
cats	B-SPEC
shed	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
persistently	O
at	O
varying	O
levels	O
over	O
an	O
observation	O
period	O
of	O
9	O
-	O
24	O
months	O
.	O

Eleven	O
cats	B-SPEC
appeared	O
to	O
have	O
periods	B-PROC
of	O
virus	B-DISO
shedding	I-DISO
interlaced	O
with	O
periods	B-PROC
of	O
non	O
-	O
shedding	O
(	O
intermittent	O
or	O
recurrent	O
shedders	O
),	O
and	O
seven	O
cats	O
ceased	O
shedding	O
after	O
5	O
-	O
19	O
months	O
(	O
average	O
12	O
months	O
).	O

There	O
was	O
no	O
change	O
in	O
the	O
patterns	O
of	O
virus	B-DISO
shedding	I-DISO
among	O
cats	B-SPEC
that	O
were	O
excreting	O
FECV	B-SPEC
at	O
the	O
time	O
of	O
a	O
secondary	O
challenge	O
exposure	O
.	O

For	O
common	O
upper	O
respiratory	O
viruses	B-SPEC
that	O
cause	O
vURIs	O
,	O
to	O
determine	O
the	O
relative	O
frequencies	O
of	O
virus	B-SPEC
detection	O
by	O
PCR	O
in	O
subjects	O
with	O
and	O
without	O
CFLIs	O
.	O

About	O
85	O
%	O
of	O
RSV	B-SPEC
,	O
influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
and	O
adenovirus	B-DISO
detections	O
were	O
associated	O
with	O
a	O
CFLI	O
,	O
whereas	O
less	O
than	O
62	O
%	O
of	O
other	O
virus	B-SPEC
detections	O
were	O
associated	O
with	O
CFLI	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Virus	B-SPEC
was	O
detected	O
in	O
415	O
of	O
956	O
independent	O
assays	O
:	O
425	O
CFLI	O
episodes	O
and	O
531	O
non	O
-	O
CFLI	O
periods	B-PROC
were	O
sampled	O
;	O
samples	O
from	O
270	O
(	O
64	O
%)	O
CFLI	O
episodes	O
and	O
145	O
(	O
27	O
%)	O
non	O
-	O
CFLI	O
periods	B-PROC
contained	O
virus	B-SPEC
detected	O
by	O
PCR	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Structure	O
of	O
a	O
SARS	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
-	O
derived	O
peptide	B-CHED
bound	O
to	O
the	O
human	B-SPEC
major	B-ANAT
histocompatibility	I-ANAT
complex	I-ANAT
class	B-SPEC
I	I-PRGE
molecule	I-PRGE
HLA	B-ANAT
-	O
B	O
*	O
1501	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
human	B-PRGE
leukocyte	B-ANAT
antigen	B-CHED
(	O
HLA	B-PRGE
)	O
class	B-SPEC
I	O
system	O
comprises	O
a	O
highly	O
polymorphic	O
set	O
of	O
molecules	O
that	O
specifically	O
bind	B-FUNC
and	O
present	O
peptides	B-CHED
to	O
cytotoxic	B-ANAT
T	I-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
envelope	B-PRGE
glycoproteins	B-CHED
of	O
the	O
class	B-PRGE
I	I-PRGE
family	B-SPEC
,	O
which	O
include	O
human	B-DISO
immunodeficiency	I-DISO
virus	I-DISO
(	O
HIV	B-DISO
),	O
influenza	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
),	O
mediate	O
viral	O
entry	O
by	O
first	O
binding	B-FUNC
to	O
their	O
cellular	B-COMP
receptors	O
and	O
subsequently	O
inducing	O
fusion	O
of	O
the	O
viral	O
and	O
cellular	B-COMP
membranes	B-ANAT
.	O

A	O
model	O
for	O
viral	O
entry	O
is	O
presented	O
in	O
which	O
S2	O
-	O
HR2	O
is	O
in	O
a	O
dynamic	O
equilibrium	B-PROC
between	O
an	O
ensemble	O
of	O
unstructured	O
monomers	O
in	O
the	O
transition	B-DISO
state	O
and	O
a	O
structured	O
trimer	O
in	O
the	O
prefusion	O
state	O
.	O

2	O
alveolar	B-ANAT
lavages	O
over	O
90	O
+/-	O

Malaria	B-PATH
was	O
the	O
most	O
frequent	O
diagnosis	O
(	O
49	O
.	O
1	O
%),	O
which	O
was	O
especially	O
encountered	O
in	O
patients	O
returning	O
from	O
sub	O
-	O
Saharan	O
Africa	O
(	O
95	O
.	O
6	O
%),	O
without	O
adequate	O
chemoprophylaxis	O
(	O
78	O
.	O
2	O
%).	O

After	O
the	O
animals	B-SPEC
were	O
euthanized	O
at	O
4	O
hours	O
treatment	O
time	O
point	O
,	O
the	O
right	B-ANAT
middle	I-ANAT
lobe	I-ANAT
of	O
rabbit	B-SPEC
lung	B-ANAT
was	O
harvested	O
for	O
the	O
examination	O
of	O
caspase	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
3	I-PRGE
and	O
p73	B-PRGE
contents	O
and	O
relative	O
values	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
mRNA	B-PROC
expression	B-PROC
of	O
caspase	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
3	I-PRGE
and	O
p73	B-PRGE
.	O

Compared	O
with	O
CMV	B-SPEC
or	O
CMV	O
+	O
PS	O
,	O
HFOV	O
or	O
HFOV	O
+	O
PS	O
can	O
decrease	O
the	O
concentration	O
of	O
caspase	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
3	I-PRGE
and	O
p73	B-PRGE
,	O
reduce	O
the	O
mRNA	B-PROC
expression	B-PROC
of	O
caspase	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
3	I-PRGE
and	O
p73	B-PRGE
in	O
the	O
lung	B-ANAT
homogenates	O
,	O
as	O
a	O
result	O
lung	B-ANAT
tissue	I-ANAT
apoptosis	B-PATH
in	O
inhalation	B-PROC
injury	O
may	O
be	O
suppressed	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Mouse	B-SPEC
hepatitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
type	O
2	O
enters	O
cells	B-COMP
through	O
a	O
clathrin	B-PRGE
-	O
mediated	O
endocytic	O
pathway	B-PROC
independent	O
of	O
Eps15	O
.	O

Interestingly	O
,	O
when	O
the	O
cells	B-COMP
transiently	O
overexpressed	O
a	O
dominant	O
-	O
negative	O
form	O
(	O
DIII	O
)	O
of	O
Eps15	B-PRGE
,	O
which	O
is	O
thought	O
to	O
be	O
an	O
essential	O
component	O
of	O
the	O
clathrin	B-PRGE
pathway	B-PROC
,	O
viral	O
gene	B-PROC
expression	I-PROC
and	O
infectivity	O
were	O
unaffected	O
,	O
although	O
DIII	O
expression	B-PROC
blocked	O
transferrin	B-PRGE
uptake	O
and	O
vesicular	B-SPEC
stomatitis	I-SPEC
virus	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
,	O
which	O
are	O
dependent	O
on	O
clathrin	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
mediated	I-PROC
endocytosis	B-PATH
.	O

Some	O
bat	B-ENZY
astroviruses	O
may	O
be	O
phylogenetically	O
related	O
to	O
human	B-SPEC
astroviruses	O
,	O
and	O
further	O
studies	O
with	O
a	O
wider	O
range	O
of	O
bat	B-ENZY
species	B-SPEC
in	O
different	O
geographic	O
locations	O
are	O
warranted	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
hemagglutinin	O
-	O
esterases	B-FUNC
(	O
HEs	B-DISO
)	O
are	O
a	O
family	B-SPEC
of	O
viral	B-PRGE
envelope	I-PRGE
glycoproteins	B-CHED
that	O
mediate	O
reversible	O
attachment	O
to	O
O	O
-	O
acetylated	O
sialic	B-CHED
acids	I-CHED
by	O
acting	O
both	O
as	O
lectins	O
and	O
as	O
receptor	O
-	O
destroying	O
enzymes	O
(	O
RDEs	O
).	O

We	O
show	O
that	O
CoV	O
HE	O
arose	O
from	O
an	O
influenza	B-DISO
C	O
-	O
like	O
HE	B-PRGE
fusion	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
(	O
HEF	O
).	O

We	O
now	O
show	O
that	O
MHV	B-SPEC
replication	O
is	O
sensitive	O
to	O
brefeldin	B-CHED
A	I-CHED
(	O
BFA	O
).	O

Consistently	O
,	O
expression	B-PROC
of	O
a	O
dominant	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
negative	I-DISO
mutant	I-DISO
of	O
ARF1	B-PRGE
,	O
known	O
to	O
mimic	O
the	O
action	O
of	O
the	O
drug	O
,	O
inhibited	O
MHV	B-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
profoundly	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Endocytosis	B-PROC
of	O
the	O
receptor	O
-	O
binding	B-FUNC
domain	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
spike	O
protein	B-CHED
together	O
with	O
virus	B-SPEC
receptor	I-PRGE
ACE2	I-PRGE
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Cell	O
entry	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
is	O
mediated	O
by	O
the	O
viral	O
spike	O
(	O
S	O
)	O
protein	B-CHED
.	O

Intra	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
abdominal	I-DISO
hypertension	I-DISO
with	O
the	O
clinical	O
picture	O
of	O
compartment	B-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
is	O
a	O
reperfusion	O
injury	O
that	O
is	O
a	O
cyclic	O
event	O
.	O

Due	O
to	O
edema	B-DISO
reducing	O
thoracic	B-DISO
compliance	O
,	O
producing	O
severe	O
encephalopathy	B-DISO
and	O
leading	O
to	O
severe	O
ischemia	B-DISO
with	O
generation	O
of	O
significant	O
quantities	O
of	O
reactive	O
oxygen	B-CHED
free	O
radicals	B-CHED
as	O
well	O
peroxidation	O
products	O
released	O
from	O
the	O
intestine	B-ANAT
,	O
liver	B-ANAT
and	I-ANAT
spleen	I-ANAT
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Transmission	O
electron	O
microscopy	O
(	O
of	O
ultrathin	O
sections	O
)	O
was	O
used	O
to	O
examine	O
the	O
biomass	O
of	O
lung	O
tissue	O
in	O
the	O
immunodeficiency	B-DISO
minipigs	O
experimentally	O
infected	O
with	O
Pneumocystis	B-SPEC
carinii	I-SPEC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
determine	O
the	O
frequency	O
and	O
types	O
of	O
respiratory	O
viruses	B-SPEC
circulating	O
in	O
Boston	O
long	O
-	O
term	O
care	O
facilities	O
(	O
LTCFs	O
)	O
during	O
a	O
3	O
-	O
year	O
period	O
.	O

At	O
least	O
one	O
infectious	B-DISO
agent	O
was	O
identified	O
in	O
76	O
children	O
(	O
89	O
.	O
4	O
%).	O

RSV	B-SPEC
was	O
the	O
most	O
frequently	O
detected	O
pathogen	O
and	O
its	O
prevalence	O
was	O
significantly	O
higher	O
than	O
that	O
of	O
the	O
other	O
pathogens	O
in	O
both	O
age	O
groups	O
,	O
and	O
significantly	O
higher	O
in	O
the	O
children	O
aged	O
3	O
-	O
12	O
months	O
than	O
in	O
those	O
aged	O
<	O
3	O
months	O
.	O

Viral	O
load	O
was	O
significantly	O
higher	O
in	O
children	O
with	O
than	O
in	O
those	O
without	O
recurrent	O
wheezing	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Solution	O
structure	O
of	O
the	O
c	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
terminal	I-PRGE
dimerization	I-PRGE
domain	I-PRGE
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
nucleocapsid	B-COMP
protein	B-CHED
solved	O
by	O
the	O
SAIL	O
-	O
NMR	O
method	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Structure	O
of	O
the	O
main	O
protease	O
from	O
a	O
global	O
infectious	B-DISO
human	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
,	O
HCoV	O
-	O
HKU1	O
.	O

Severe	O
burn	O
is	O
associated	O
with	O
a	O
distinct	O
serum	B-COMP
cytokine	O
profile	O
and	O
alterations	O
in	O
cytokines	O
that	O
contribute	O
to	O
morbidity	O
and	O
mortality	O
.	O

The	O
number	O
of	O
days	O
on	O
the	O
ventilator	O
,	O
peak	O
inspiratory	B-PROC
pressure	O
rates	O
,	O
arterial	B-ANAT
oxygen	B-PROC
tension	B-DISO
(	O
PaO2	O
)/	O
fraction	O
of	O
inspired	B-PROC
oxygen	B-CHED
(	O
FiO2	O
)	O
ratio	O
and	O
incidence	O
of	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
were	O
recorded	O
for	O
those	O
patients	O
.	O

This	O
report	O
describes	O
the	O
usage	O
of	O
two	O
short	O
peptides	B-CHED
from	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
associated	I-DISO
coronavirus	I-DISO
nucleocapsid	B-COMP
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
N	O
)	O
protein	B-CHED
as	O
protein	B-CHED
tags	O
.	O

The	O
SARS	B-DISO
peptide	B-CHED
antibody	B-COMP
system	O
described	O
presents	O
an	O
alternative	O
tagging	O
opportunity	O
in	O
the	O
growing	O
field	O
of	O
protein	B-CHED
science	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Randomized	O
clinical	O
trial	O
of	O
activated	O
protein	B-CHED
C	O
for	O
the	O
treatment	O
of	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Microvascular	O
injury	O
,	O
inflammation	O
,	O
and	O
coagulation	B-PROC
play	O
critical	O
roles	O
in	O
the	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
of	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
(	O
ALI	O
).	O

Eligible	O
subjects	O
were	O
critically	B-DISO
ill	I-DISO
patients	O
who	O
met	B-CHED
the	O
American	O
/	O
European	O
consensus	O
criteria	O
for	O
ALI	O
.	O

APC	B-COMP
increased	O
plasma	B-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
C	I-PRGE
levels	O
(	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
002	O
)	O
and	O
decreased	O
pulmonary	B-PROC
dead	B-PROC
space	I-PROC
fraction	O
(	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
02	O
).	O

The	O
results	O
of	O
this	O
trial	O
do	O
not	O
support	O
a	O
large	O
clinical	O
trial	O
of	O
APC	B-COMP
for	O
ALI	O
in	O
the	O
absence	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
sepsis	I-DISO
and	O
high	O
disease	O
severity	O
.	O

No	O
randomized	O
controlled	O
trials	O
with	O
a	O
specific	O
anti	O
-	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
agent	O
have	O
been	O
conducted	O
with	O
respect	O
to	O
therapy	O
or	O
prophylaxis	O
.	O

Prophylaxis	O
with	O
interferon	B-PRGE
or	O
hyperimmune	O
globulin	O
may	O
be	O
considered	O
for	O
unprotected	O
exposure	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
QM	O
/	O
QM	O
studies	O
for	O
Michael	O
reaction	O
in	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
main	O
protease	O
(	O
3CL	O
Pro	B-CHED
).	O

The	O
third	O
and	O
fourth	O
most	O
common	O
genotypes	O
were	O
two	O
new	O
economically	O
important	O
field	O
types	O
:	O
Italy02	O
,	O
and	O
a	O
virus	B-SPEC
similar	O
to	O
genotypes	O
originally	O
detected	O
in	O
China	O
called	O
QX	O
.	O

The	O
virus	O
subpopulations	O
within	O
each	O
vaccine	O
selected	O
by	O
chickens	B-SPEC
are	O
similar	O
in	O
their	O
S1	O
gene	O
sequences	O
,	O
but	O
distinct	O
in	O
the	O
3	O
'	O
portion	O
of	O
the	O
S2	O
subunit	O
gene	O
for	O
each	O
of	O
the	O
three	O
vaccines	O
.	O

Sequence	O
comparisons	O
provided	O
no	O
evidence	O
to	O
support	O
that	O
ArkDPI	O
-	O
like	O
field	O
isolates	O
were	O
derived	O
directly	O
from	O
host	B-COMP
-	O
selected	O
vaccine	O
virus	B-SPEC
subpopulations	O
.	O

On	O
day	O
4	O
,	O
she	O
complained	O
of	O
progressive	O
dyspnea	B-DISO
and	O
dysphonia	O
after	O
removal	O
of	O
the	O
endotracheal	O
tube	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
laryngeal	B-ANAT
electromyography	O
(	O
LEMG	O
)	O
findings	O
were	O
consistent	O
with	O
bilateral	O
laryngeal	B-DISO
paralysis	I-DISO
suggesting	O
the	O
vagus	B-ANAT
nerve	I-ANAT
involvement	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Generation	O
of	O
a	O
protective	O
T	B-ANAT
-	I-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
response	O
following	O
coronavirus	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
of	O
the	O
central	B-ANAT
nervous	B-DISO
system	I-ANAT
is	O
not	O
dependent	O
on	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
12	I-FUNC
/	O
23	O
signaling	B-PROC
.	O

Therefore	O
,	O
therapeutic	O
targeting	B-PROC
of	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
12	I-FUNC
and	O
/	O
or	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
23	I-FUNC
for	O
the	O
treatment	O
of	O
autoimmune	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
may	O
offer	O
unique	O
advantages	O
by	O
reducing	O
disease	O
severity	O
without	O
muting	O
protective	O
responses	O
following	O
viral	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Type	O
I	O
interferons	O
(	O
IFN	B-PRGE
)	O
include	O
multiple	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
alpha	I-PRGE
subtypes	O
which	O
exhibit	O
considerable	O
amino	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
identity	O
and	O
activate	O
the	O
same	O
cell	B-COMP
-	O
surface	O
receptor	O
.	O

In	O
vivo	O
,	O
whereas	O
A	O
/	O
J	O
mice	B-SPEC
are	O
highly	O
permissive	O
for	O
both	O
MHV	B-SPEC
-	O
1	O
and	O
CVB3	O
infections	B-DISO
and	O
mount	O
a	O
poor	O
IFN	B-PRGE
response	O
,	O
C57B1	O
/	O
6	O
mice	B-SPEC
are	O
relatively	O
resistant	O
to	O
both	O
virus	B-SPEC
infections	B-DISO
and	O
mount	O
a	O
vigorous	O
IFN	B-PRGE
response	O
.	O

The	O
extent	O
of	O
IFN	B-PRGE
response	O
to	O
viral	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
influences	O
the	O
subsequent	O
biological	O
outcome	O
:	O
a	O
robust	O
IFN	B-PRGE
response	O
prescribes	O
a	O
level	O
of	O
resistance	B-PROC
,	O
whereas	O
a	O
poor	O
IFN	B-PRGE
response	O
contributes	O
towards	O
a	O
permissive	O
phenotype	O
for	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

Turkey	B-SPEC
coronavirus	B-SPEC
was	O
detected	O
in	O
experimentally	O
infected	O
embryo	B-ANAT
tissues	B-ANAT
and	O
also	O
in	O
field	O
samples	O
in	O
100	O
%	O
of	O
ileum	B-ANAT
-	O
cecal	B-ANAT
junction	O
and	O
ceca	O
by	O
the	O
3	O
detection	O
procedures	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Prospective	O
community	O
-	O
based	O
cluster	O
census	O
and	O
case	O
-	O
control	O
study	O
of	O
stillbirths	B-DISO
and	O
neonatal	O
deaths	O
in	O
the	O
West	O
Bank	O
and	O
Gaza	B-SPEC
Strip	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Obstetric	O
complications	O
and	O
newborn	O
illnesses	O
amenable	O
to	O
basic	O
medical	O
interventions	O
underlie	O
most	O
perinatal	O
deaths	B-PROC
.	O

A	O
total	O
of	O
113	O
of	O
116	O
married	O
women	O
15	O
-	O
49	O
years	O
old	O
with	O
a	O
stillbirth	B-DISO
or	O
neonatal	B-DISO
death	I-DISO
and	O
813	O
randomly	O
selected	O
women	O
with	O
a	O
surviving	O
neonate	O
were	O
interviewed	O
,	O
and	O
obstetric	O
and	O
newborn	O
care	O
records	O
of	O
women	O
with	O
a	O
stillbirth	B-DISO
or	O
neonatal	O
death	O
were	O
abstracted	O
.	O

Stillbirths	B-DISO
are	O
not	O
officially	O
reportable	O
in	O
the	O
West	O
Bank	O
and	O
Gaza	B-SPEC
Strip	O
and	O
this	O
is	O
the	O
first	O
time	O
that	O
perinatal	O
mortality	O
has	O
been	O
examined	O
.	O

Pathological	O
mechanisms	O
and	O
potential	O
treatments	O
for	O
ON	O
have	O
been	O
studied	O
via	O
experimental	O
autoimmune	B-DISO
MS	O
models	O
.	O

In	O
contrast	O
,	O
MHV	B-SPEC
-	O
2	O
,	O
a	O
nondemyelinating	O
MHV	B-SPEC
strain	O
,	O
does	O
not	O
induce	O
ON	O
.	O

Zoonotic	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
was	O
completely	O
dependent	O
on	O
ACE2	B-PRGE
for	O
entry	O
.	O

Structural	O
modeling	O
predicted	O
two	O
distinct	O
biochemical	O
interaction	O
networks	O
by	O
which	O
zoonotic	O
receptor	B-FUNC
binding	I-FUNC
domain	O
architecture	O
can	O
productively	O
engage	O
hACE2	O
,	O
but	O
only	O
the	O
Urbani	O
mutational	O
repertoire	O
promoted	O
efficient	O
usage	O
of	O
both	O
hACE2	O
and	O
cACE2	O
binding	B-FUNC
interfaces	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Complement	O
staining	O
as	O
a	O
predictor	O
of	O
antibody	O
-	O
mediated	O
rejection	O
(	O
AMR	O
)	O
after	O
lung	B-ANAT
transplantation	O
continues	O
to	O
be	O
debated	O
.	O

Mannose	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
binding	B-FUNC
lectin	I-PRGE
(	O
MBL	B-PRGE
)	O
and	O
MBL	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
associated	I-PRGE
serine	I-PRGE
protease	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
(	O
MASP	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
)	O
deficiencies	O
are	O
common	O
primary	O
immunodeficiencies	B-DISO
the	O
clinical	O
penetrance	O
of	O
which	O
remains	O
controversial	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
in	O
a	O
multivariate	O
analysis	O
MBL	O
insufficiency	O
was	O
associated	O
with	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
the	O
most	O
severe	O
forms	O
of	O
sepsis	B-DISO
(	O
P	O
=	O
.	O
007	O
),	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
(	O
P	O
=	O
.	O
009	O
),	O
multiorgan	O
dysfunction	O
syndrome	B-DISO
(	O
P	O
=	O
.	O
036	O
),	O
intensive	O
care	O
unit	O
admission	O
(	O
P	O
=	O
.	O
020	O
),	O
and	O
death	B-PROC
(	O
P	O
=	O
.	O
003	O
).	O

No	O
one	O
can	O
accurately	O
predict	O
if	O
and	O
when	O
a	O
given	O
virus	B-SPEC
will	O
become	O
a	O
pandemic	O
virus	B-SPEC
.	O

SARS	B-DISO
illustrated	O
dramatically	O
the	O
potential	O
of	O
air	B-CHED
travel	O
and	O
globalization	O
for	O
the	O
dissemination	O
of	O
an	O
emerging	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
.	O

All	O
infected	O
cats	B-SPEC
and	O
ferrets	B-SPEC
had	O
diffuse	B-DISO
alveolar	I-DISO
damage	I-DISO
associated	O
with	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
antigen	B-CHED
expression	B-PROC
.	O

SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
antigen	B-CHED
expression	B-PROC
occurred	O
mainly	O
in	O
type	O
I	O
and	O
II	O
pneumocytes	B-ANAT
and	O
serous	O
cells	B-COMP
of	O
tracheo	O
-	O
bronchial	B-ANAT
submucosal	O
glands	B-ANAT
of	O
cats	B-SPEC
and	O
in	O
type	B-ANAT
II	I-ANAT
pneumocytes	I-ANAT
of	O
ferrets	B-SPEC
.	O

In	O
conclusion	O
,	O
the	O
pathology	B-DISO
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
CoV	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
in	O
cats	B-SPEC
and	O
ferrets	B-SPEC
resembles	O
that	O
in	O
humans	B-SPEC
except	O
that	O
syncytia	B-ANAT
and	O
hyaline	B-DISO
membranes	B-ANAT
were	O
not	O
observed	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
The	O
effectiveness	O
of	O
combined	O
treatment	O
with	O
methylprednisolone	B-CHED
and	O
cyclophosphamide	B-CHED
in	O
oral	B-ANAT
paraquat	O
poisoning	O
.	O

When	O
k	O
>	O
3	O
,	O
our	O
method	O
still	O
works	O
and	O
gets	O
convergent	O
phylogenetic	O
topology	O
but	O
the	O
RE	O
gives	O
degenerate	B-DISO
results	O
.	O

When	O
this	O
occurs	O
,	O
it	O
can	O
be	O
difficult	O
to	O
distinguish	O
GBS	B-DISO
from	O
critical	B-DISO
illness	I-DISO
neuropathy	B-DISO
(	O
CIN	B-DISO
).	O

Electrodiagnostic	O
studies	O
showed	O
severe	O
axonal	O
polyneuropathy	B-DISO
,	O
with	O
denervation	O
in	O
all	O
extremities	B-ANAT
.	O

Guillain	O
-	O
Barré	O
syndrome	B-DISO
in	O
trauma	O
patients	O
is	O
rare	O
and	O
is	O
limited	O
to	O
case	O
reports	O
following	O
head	B-ANAT
trauma	O
.	O

This	O
case	O
also	O
highlights	O
the	O
similarities	O
and	O
the	O
subtle	O
differences	O
between	O
GBS	B-DISO
and	O
CIN	B-DISO
.	O

Increased	O
fluid	O
administration	O
,	O
oxygen	B-CHED
toxicity	O
,	O
and	O
yet	O
unidentified	O
factors	O
may	O
contribute	O
to	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
edema	I-DISO
,	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
),	O
multiorgan	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
and	O
death	B-PROC
.	O

In	O
summary	O
,	O
(	O
a	O
)	O
DC	O
-	O
SIGN	O
acts	O
as	O
a	O
capture	O
or	O
attachment	O
molecule	O
for	O
avian	O
H5N1	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
,	O
and	O
(	O
b	O
)	O
DC	O
-	O
SIGN	O
mediates	O
infections	B-DISO
in	O
cis	B-DISO
and	O
in	O
trans	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Experimental	O
and	O
clinical	O
studies	O
support	O
the	O
key	O
role	O
of	O
interleukin	O
6	O
(	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
6	I-FUNC
),	O
a	O
potent	O
proinflammatory	O
cytokine	O
,	O
in	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
(	O
ALI	O
).	O

Here	O
we	O
aimed	O
to	O
validate	O
the	O
association	O
of	O
the	O
IL6	B-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
with	O
ALI	O
in	O
a	O
case	O
-	O
control	O
sample	O
from	O
Spain	O
.	O

In	O
most	O
cases	O
the	O
results	O
show	O
flexibility	O
in	O
the	O
P4	O
position	O
,	O
very	O
high	O
specificity	O
for	O
arginine	O
in	O
the	O
P3	O
position	O
and	O
glycine	B-CHED
in	O
the	O
P2	O
position	O
,	O
in	O
accord	O
with	O
the	O
sequence	O
of	O
the	O
natural	O
substrate	O
,	O
ubiquitin	B-PROC
.	O

Together	O
,	O
our	O
results	O
reveal	O
the	O
importance	O
of	O
the	O
dual	O
features	O
of	O
(	O
1	O
)	O
substrate	O
specificity	O
and	O
(	O
2	O
)	O
the	O
mechanism	O
of	O
ubiquitin	B-FUNC
binding	I-FUNC
in	O
determining	O
deubiquitination	B-PROC
by	O
this	O
group	O
of	O
proteases	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Five	O
known	O
human	B-SPEC
coronaviruses	O
infect	O
the	O
human	B-SPEC
respiratory	B-ANAT
tract	I-ANAT
:	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
OC43	I-SPEC
,	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
229E	I-SPEC
,	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
,	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
NL63	I-SPEC
and	O
HCoV	O
-	O
HKU1	O
.	O

The	O
ORF1a	B-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
clustering	O
in	O
phylogenetic	O
trees	O
did	O
not	O
match	O
with	O
that	O
of	O
the	O
S	B-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
.	O

Determination	O
of	O
the	O
active	O
regions	O
that	O
allow	O
viral	O
escape	O
from	O
neutralization	O
would	O
enable	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
these	O
antibodies	B-COMP
for	O
future	O
passive	O
immunotherapy	O
.	O

We	O
identified	O
several	O
amino	B-PROC
acid	I-PROC
substitutions	I-PROC
,	O
including	O
Y442F	O
and	O
V601G	O
in	O
the	O
S1	B-PRGE
domain	I-PRGE
and	O
D757N	O
and	O
A834V	O
in	O
the	O
S2	O
region	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Feline	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
peritonitis	I-DISO
(	O
FIP	B-DISO
)	O
is	O
a	O
terminal	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
of	O
cats	B-SPEC
caused	O
by	O
systemic	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
with	O
a	O
feline	B-SPEC
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
FCoV	O
).	O

The	O
compounds	O
are	O
highly	O
potent	O
against	O
SARS	B-DISO
3CL	O
(	O
pro	B-CHED
)	O
with	O
K	O
(	O
i	O
)'	O
s	O
as	O
low	O
as	O
300	O
nM	O
.	O
The	O
crystal	O
structure	O
of	O
the	O
complex	O
of	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
compounds	O
with	O
3CL	O
(	O
pro	B-CHED
)	O
indicates	O
that	O
this	O
inhibitor	B-CHED
forms	O
a	O
thioether	B-CHED
linkage	B-PROC
between	O
the	O
halomethyl	O
carbon	B-CHED
of	O
the	O
warhead	O
and	O
the	O
catalytic	O
Cys	B-CHED
145	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Acute	O
Akinesia	B-DISO
,	O
an	O
unusual	O
complication	B-DISO
in	O
Parkinson	B-PATH
'	I-PATH
s	I-PATH
Disease	I-PATH
:	O
a	O
case	O
report	O
.	O

Here	O
we	O
report	O
the	O
case	O
of	O
a	O
67	O
-	O
year	O
-	O
old	O
man	B-CHED
with	O
PD	O
who	O
rapidly	O
developed	O
a	O
severe	O
akinetic	O
state	O
with	O
rise	O
of	O
temperature	O
(	O
39	O
degrees	O
C	O
)	O
and	O
creatine	B-CHED
phosphokinase	O
concentration	O
(	O
up	O
to	O
5000	O
mg	O
/	O
dL	O
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
A	O
second	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
S2	I-PRGE
glycoprotein	B-CHED
internal	O
membrane	B-COMP
-	O
active	O
peptide	B-CHED
.	O

The	O
S2	O
domain	O
of	O
protein	B-PRGE
S	I-PRGE
has	O
been	O
suggested	O
to	O
have	O
two	O
fusion	O
peptides	B-CHED
,	O
one	O
located	O
at	O
its	O
N	O
-	O
terminus	O
,	O
downstream	O
of	O
the	O
furin	B-PRGE
cleavage	B-PROC
,	O
and	O
another	O
,	O
more	O
internal	O
,	O
located	O
immediately	O
upstream	O
of	O
the	O
HR1	O
.	O

These	O
data	O
support	O
its	O
role	O
in	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
mediated	O
membrane	B-PROC
fusion	I-PROC
and	O
suggest	O
that	O
the	O
regions	O
where	O
this	O
peptide	B-CHED
resides	O
might	O
assist	O
the	O
fusion	O
peptide	B-CHED
and	O
/	O
or	O
the	O
pretransmembrane	O
segment	O
of	O
the	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
spike	I-PRGE
glycoprotein	B-CHED
in	O
the	O
fusion	O
process	O
.	O

The	O
indications	O
for	O
ECLS	O
were	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
n	O
=	O
23	O
),	O
acute	B-DISO
myocarditis	I-DISO
(	O
n	O
=	O
10	O
)	O
and	O
acute	B-DISO
myocardial	I-DISO
infarction	I-DISO
(	O
n	O
=	O
12	O
).	O

The	O
communications	O
effort	B-PROC
has	O
also	O
been	O
made	O
more	O
difficult	O
by	O
the	O
confusion	B-DISO
and	O
cacophony	O
in	O
the	O
media	B-ANAT
and	O
claims	O
by	O
experts	O
and	O
politicians	O
worldwide	O
.	O

Successful	O
replication	O
was	O
achieved	O
as	O
evident	O
from	O
continuous	O
expression	B-PROC
of	O
eGFP	O
detected	O
by	O
both	O
fluorescence	O
and	O
Western	O
blot	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
A	O
rapid	O
point	O
of	O
care	O
immunoswab	O
assay	O
for	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
detection	O
.	O

Studies	O
in	O
human	B-SPEC
beings	O
and	O
animals	B-SPEC
have	O
shown	O
increased	O
urinary	O
fractional	O
excretion	B-PROC
of	O
potassium	B-CHED
and	O
sodium	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
an	O
increased	O
potassium	B-CHED
/	O
sodium	O
ratio	O
,	O
suggesting	O
increased	O
distal	O
potassium	B-CHED
secretion	B-PROC
caused	O
by	O
increased	O
distal	O
sodium	O
delivery	O
consequent	O
to	O
functional	O
impairment	B-DISO
of	O
proximal	O
sodium	O
reabsorption	O
.	O

Confirming	O
these	O
findings	O
,	O
Western	O
blot	O
studies	O
have	O
shown	O
lower	O
renal	B-ANAT
expression	B-PROC
of	O
the	O
sodium	O
/	O
hydrogen	B-CHED
exchanger	B-PROC
isoform	O
3	O
and	O
of	O
aquaporin	B-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
,	O
together	O
with	O
higher	O
renal	B-ANAT
expression	B-PROC
of	O
the	O
Na	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
K	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
2Cl	I-PRGE
cotransporter	I-PRGE
NKCC2	I-PRGE
,	O
in	O
infected	O
animals	B-SPEC
.	O

For	O
critically	B-DISO
ill	I-DISO
leptospirosis	B-DISO
patients	O
,	O
the	O
following	O
are	O
recommended	O
:	O
daily	O
hemodialysis	O
,	O
low	O
daily	O
net	O
fluid	O
intake	O
(	O
because	O
of	O
the	O
risk	O
for	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
hemorrhage	I-DISO
),	O
and	O
lung	B-ANAT
-	O
protective	O
strategies	O
(	O
low	O
tidal	O
volumes	O
and	O
high	O
positive	O
end	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
expiratory	I-PROC
pressures	O
after	O
recruitment	B-DISO
maneuvers	O
).	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Programmed	O
ribosomal	B-COMP
frameshifting	I-PROC
(	O
PRF	O
)	O
is	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
multiple	O
translational	O
recoding	O
processes	O
that	O
fundamentally	O
alters	O
triplet	O
decoding	O
of	O
the	O
messenger	B-CHED
RNA	I-CHED
by	O
the	O
elongating	O
ribosome	B-COMP
.	O

During	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
epidemic	O
,	O
there	O
was	O
a	O
21	O
%	O
decrease	O
in	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
patient	O
consultations	O
and	O
a	O
15	O
%	O
reduction	O
in	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
patients	O
treated	O
with	O
RT	O
.	O

Bordetella	B-SPEC
bronchiseptica	I-SPEC
(	O
B	O
.	O
b	O
.)	O
was	O
most	O
frequently	O
detected	O
from	O
nasal	B-ANAT
and	O
oropharynx	B-ANAT
sites	O
of	O
7	O
dogs	B-SPEC
(	O
10	O
.	O
3	O
%).	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
CoV	O
)	O
remains	O
poorly	O
understood	O
.	O

The	O
observed	O
difference	O
in	O
DC	O
-	O
stimulating	O
activity	O
between	O
BVLPs	O
and	O
SARS	B-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
VLPs	B-ANAT
was	O
very	O
likely	O
due	O
to	O
the	O
S	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
.	O

The	O
central	O
domain	O
of	O
the	O
nucleocapsid	B-COMP
protein	B-CHED
contains	O
several	O
arginine	B-CHED
/	O
serine	B-CHED
(	O
RS	O
)	O
dipeptides	B-CHED
,	O
the	O
biological	O
significance	O
of	O
which	O
has	O
not	O
been	O
well	O
investigated	O
.	O

The	O
nucleocapsid	B-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
lacking	O
the	O
RS	O
motif	O
formed	O
high	O
-	O
order	B-SPEC
RNP	B-COMP
complexes	O
,	O
which	O
may	O
also	O
account	O
for	O
its	O
enhanced	O
stress	B-COMP
granule	I-COMP
localization	B-PROC
.	O

Taken	O
together	O
,	O
phosphorylation	B-PROC
of	O
the	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
-	O
CoV	B-PRGE
nucleocapsid	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
modulates	O
its	O
activity	O
in	O
translation	B-PROC
control	O
and	O
also	O
interferes	O
with	O
its	O
oligomerization	O
and	O
aggregation	O
in	O
stress	O
granules	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
the	O
cellular	B-COMP
targets	O
leading	O
to	O
3a	O
protein	B-CHED
-	O
mediated	O
apoptosis	B-PATH
have	O
not	O
been	O
fully	O
characterized	O
.	O

Tachyphylaxis	B-PROC
to	O
NNMBAs	O
is	O
associated	O
with	O
adverse	O
outcomes	O
including	O
inadequate	O
ventilation	O
,	O
increased	O
risk	O
of	O
dose	O
-	O
dependent	O
side	O
effects	O
,	O
and	O
increased	O
drug	O
costs	O
.	O

Patients	O
who	O
develop	O
tachyphylaxis	B-PROC
to	O
one	O
NNMBA	O
should	O
be	O
treated	O
with	O
another	O
NNMBA	O
if	O
neuromuscular	B-DISO
blockade	I-DISO
(	O
NMB	O
)	O
is	O
still	O
indicated	O
.	O

During	O
PECLA	O
therapy	O
,	O
48	O
.	O
7	O
%	O
of	O
patients	O
died	B-PROC
,	O
mainly	O
as	O
a	O
result	O
of	O
multiorgan	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
after	O
a	O
mean	O
interval	O
of	O
4	O
.	O
8	O
+/-	O

Since	O
1993	O
,	O
more	O
than	O
1800	O
cases	O
of	O
suspected	O
PE	O
have	O
been	O
submitted	O
for	O
examination	O
by	O
negative	O
stain	O
electron	O
microscopy	O
;	O
this	O
has	O
involved	O
more	O
than	O
2400	O
individual	O
results	O
,	O
because	O
in	O
many	O
cases	O
more	O
than	O
one	O
virus	B-SPEC
was	O
identified	O
;	O
at	O
least	O
1500	O
individual	O
results	O
were	O
positive	O
for	O
viruses	B-SPEC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Enteric	O
viruses	B-SPEC
detected	O
by	O
molecular	O
methods	O
in	O
commercial	O
chicken	B-SPEC
and	O
turkey	B-SPEC
flocks	O
in	O
the	O
United	O
States	O
between	O
2005	O
and	O
2006	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Intestinal	O
samples	O
collected	O
from	O
43	O
commercial	O
broiler	O
and	O
33	O
commercial	O
turkey	B-SPEC
flocks	O
from	O
all	O
regions	O
of	O
the	O
United	O
States	O
during	O
2005	O
and	O
2006	O
were	O
examined	O
for	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
astrovirus	O
,	O
rotavirus	B-SPEC
,	O
reovirus	B-SPEC
,	O
and	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
by	O
reverse	B-PROC
transcription	I-PROC
-	O
polymerase	O
chain	O
reaction	O
(	O
PCR	O
),	O
and	O
for	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
groups	O
1	O
and	O
2	O
adenovirus	B-DISO
by	O
PCR	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
A	O
case	O
of	O
catastrophic	O
antiphospholipid	B-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
presenting	O
with	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
as	O
the	O
initial	O
manifestation	O
.	O

These	O
studies	O
implicate	O
PBEF	O
as	O
a	O
key	O
inflammatory	O
mediator	O
intimately	O
involved	O
in	O
both	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
and	O
severity	O
of	O
ventilator	O
-	O
induced	O
ALI	O
.	O

To	O
determine	O
the	O
pathway	B-PROC
by	O
which	O
MHV	B-SPEC
is	O
recognized	O
in	O
macrophages	B-ANAT
,	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
beta	I-PRGE
mRNA	I-PRGE
expression	B-PROC
was	O
quantified	O
following	O
MHV	B-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
of	O
a	O
panel	O
of	O
primary	O
bone	B-ANAT
marrow	I-ANAT
-	I-ANAT
derived	I-ANAT
macrophages	I-ANAT
generated	O
from	O
mice	B-SPEC
lacking	O
different	O
pattern	O
recognition	O
receptors	O
(	O
PRRs	B-DISO
).	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Hepatitis	B-SPEC
B	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
HBV	B-DISO
)	O
constitutes	O
a	O
serious	O
menace	O
to	O
man	B-CHED
.	O

Plasmid	B-PRGE
pIRES2	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
EGFP	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
HBs	I-PRGE
which	O
expressed	B-PROC
enhanced	O
green	B-PRGE
fluorescent	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
as	O
reporter	O
for	O
the	O
expression	B-PROC
of	O
hepatitis	B-PRGE
B	I-PRGE
virus	I-PRGE
S	I-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
was	O
successfully	O
constructed	O
and	O
confirmed	O
by	O
PCR	B-PRGE
,	O
EcoR	O
I	O
and	O
Sal	B-PRGE
I	I-PRGE
digestion	B-PROC
,	O
and	O
DNA	O
sequencing	O
.	O

Others	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
adenovirus	B-DISO
,	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)-	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
,	O
Hantavirus	B-SPEC
,	O
and	O
the	O
viral	B-DISO
hemorrhagic	I-DISO
fevers	I-DISO
(	O
VHFs	B-DISO
),	O
are	O
rare	O
but	O
have	O
an	O
immense	O
public	O
health	O
impact	O
.	O

Therefore	O
,	O
a	O
basic	O
understanding	O
of	O
the	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
of	O
viral	O
entry	O
,	O
replication	O
,	O
and	O
host	B-PROC
response	I-PROC
is	O
important	O
for	O
clinical	O
diagnosis	O
and	O
initiating	O
therapeutic	O
options	O
.	O

During	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
tissue	B-ANAT
injury	O
an	O
endogenous	O
secretory	B-PROC
isoform	O
of	O
RAGE	B-PRGE
called	O
EsRAGE	O
is	O
noticed	O
at	O
high	O
levels	O
in	O
broncho	B-ANAT
-	I-ANAT
alveolar	I-ANAT
lavage	O
(	O
BAL	B-ENZY
)	O
and	O
plasma	B-ANAT
.	O

This	O
study	O
would	O
pave	O
a	O
way	O
for	O
potential	O
vaccine	O
development	B-PROC
by	O
generation	O
of	O
attenuated	O
IBV	B-SPEC
from	O
field	O
isolates	O
through	O
manipulation	O
of	O
the	O
nsp10	O
-	O
nsp11	O
/	O
12	O
cleavage	B-PROC
site	O
.	O

Similar	O
approaches	O
would	O
be	O
also	O
applicable	O
to	O
other	O
human	B-SPEC
and	O
animal	B-SPEC
coronaviruses	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
spread	O
of	O
a	O
virus	O
--	O
whether	O
in	O
a	O
human	B-SPEC
population	O
,	O
computer	O
network	O
or	O
cell	B-COMP
-	O
to	O
-	O
cell	B-COMP
--	O
is	O
closely	O
tied	O
to	O
the	O
spatial	O
(	O
graph	O
)	O
topology	O
of	O
the	O
interactions	O
among	O
the	O
possible	O
infectives	O
.	O

Radionuclide	O
bone	B-ANAT
scintigraphy	O
is	O
valuable	O
in	O
early	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
osteonecrosis	B-DISO
in	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
in	O
convalescence	O
.	O

ARDS	B-DISO
was	O
most	O
often	O
associated	O
with	O
pneumonia	O
or	O
aspiration	B-DISO
,	O
sepsis	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
trauma	O
or	O
surgery	O
.	O

rSP	O
-	O
C	O
surfactant	B-CHED
improved	O
oxygenation	B-PROC
in	O
patients	O
with	O
ARDS	B-DISO
irrespective	O
of	O
the	O
predisposition	O
.	O

Samples	O
also	O
were	O
tested	O
for	O
feline	B-SPEC
leukemia	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
antigens	B-CHED
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
A	O
series	O
of	O
new	O
5	O
-	O
alkyl	O
-	O
2	O
-	O
benzylsulfanylpyrimidin	O
-	O
4	O
(	O
3H	O
)-	O
ones	O
(	O
5a	O
-	O
y	O
)	O
bearing	O
different	O
substituted	O
arylmethyl	O
moieties	O
at	O
the	O
C	O
-	O
6	O
position	O
of	O
the	O
pyrimidine	B-CHED
core	O
have	O
been	O
synthesized	O
and	O
evaluated	O
for	O
their	O
in	O
vitro	O
activities	O
against	O
HIV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
1	I-SPEC
and	O
HIV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
2	I-SPEC
in	O
MT	O
-	O
4	O
cell	B-COMP
cultures	O
.	O

The	O
majority	O
of	O
the	O
title	O
compounds	O
showed	O
moderate	O
to	O
good	O
activities	O
against	O
HIV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
1	I-SPEC
with	O
an	O
IC	O
(	O
50	O
)	O
range	O
from	O
6	O
.	O
67	O
microM	O
to	O
0	O
.	O
12	O
microM	O
.	O
Among	O
them	O
,	O
6	O
-(	O
3	O
,	O
5	O
-	O
dimethylbenzyl	O
)	O
analogue	O
5q	O
exhibited	O
the	O
most	O
potent	O
anti	O
-	O
HIV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
1	I-SPEC
activity	O
(	O
IC	O
(	O
50	O
)=	O
0	O
.	O
12	O
microM	O
,	O
SI	O
>	O
2642	O
),	O
which	O
was	O
about	O
40	O
-	O
fold	O
more	O
active	O
than	O
the	O
reference	O
compounds	O
1	B-CHED
-[(	I-CHED
2	I-CHED
-	I-CHED
hydroxyethoxy	I-CHED
)	I-CHED
methyl	I-CHED
]-	I-CHED
6	I-CHED
-(	I-CHED
phenylsulfanyl	I-CHED
)	I-CHED
thymine	I-CHED
(	O
HEPT	B-CHED
)	O
and	O
2	B-CHED
',	I-CHED
3	I-CHED
'-	I-CHED
dideoxyinosine	I-CHED
(	O
DDI	B-CHED
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Genomic	O
analysis	O
and	O
geographic	O
visualization	O
of	O
H5N1	B-DISO
and	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
.	O
ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Emerging	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
and	O
organisms	O
present	O
critical	O
issues	O
of	O
national	O
security	O
public	O
health	O
,	O
and	O
economic	O
welfare	O
.	O

This	O
was	O
achieved	O
using	O
hybridization	O
chain	O
reaction	O
(	O
HCR	B-PRGE
)	O
as	O
a	O
signal	O
amplifier	O
on	O
a	O
water	B-CHED
-	O
soluble	O
self	O
-	O
assembled	O
DNA	O
nanoarray	O
carrying	O
detection	O
probes	O
.	O

In	O
summary	O
,	O
this	O
work	O
provides	O
proof	O
-	O
of	O
-	O
concept	O
that	O
HCR	B-PRGE
can	O
occur	O
efficiently	O
on	O
DNA	O
-	O
tile	O
-	O
based	O
nanoarrays	O
,	O
thus	O
facilitating	O
more	O
sensitive	O
detection	O
.	O

Rats	B-SPEC
were	O
pretreated	O
with	O
empty	O
liposomes	O
,	O
NAC	B-COMP
,	O
or	O
L	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
NAC	I-PRGE
(	O
25mg	O
/	O
kg	O
body	B-ANAT
weight	O
,	O
iv	O
);	O
4h	O
later	O
were	O
challenged	O
with	O
LPS	B-DISO
(	O
E	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
coli	I-SPEC
,	O
LPS	B-DISO
0111	O
:	O
B4	O
)	O
and	O
sacrificed	O
20h	O
later	O
.	O

The	O
LPS	B-DISO
challenge	O
also	O
increased	O
pulmonary	B-PRGE
myeloperoxidase	B-FUNC
activity	I-FUNC
and	O
chloramine	O
concentrations	O
indicative	O
of	O
neutrophil	B-ANAT
infiltration	B-DISO
and	O
activation	O
of	O
the	O
inflammatory	B-DISO
response	I-DISO
.	O

Our	O
results	O
suggested	O
that	O
the	O
delivery	O
of	O
NAC	B-COMP
as	O
a	O
liposomal	O
formulation	O
improved	O
its	O
prophylactic	O
effectiveness	O
against	O
LPS	B-DISO
-	O
induced	O
lung	B-ANAT
injuries	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Critical	O
illness	O
is	O
generally	O
hallmarked	O
by	O
activation	O
of	O
the	O
hypothalamic	B-ANAT
-	I-ANAT
pituitary	I-ANAT
-	I-ANAT
adrenal	I-ANAT
axis	I-ANAT
.	O

The	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
very	O
high	O
levels	O
of	O
cortisol	B-CHED
has	O
been	O
associated	O
with	O
severe	O
illness	O
and	O
a	O
raised	O
risk	O
of	O
death	B-PROC
.	O

Likewise	O
,	O
a	O
response	O
that	O
is	O
inadequate	O
relative	O
to	O
the	O
degree	O
of	O
stress	O
,	O
termed	O
relative	O
adrenal	B-DISO
insufficiency	I-DISO
(	O
also	O
known	O
as	O
critical	O
-	O
illness	O
-	O
related	O
corticosteroid	B-CHED
insufficiency	O
)	O
has	O
been	O
associated	O
with	O
increased	O
mortality	O
.	O

Moderate	O
doses	O
have	O
been	O
advocated	O
,	O
however	O
,	O
for	O
critically	B-DISO
ill	I-DISO
patients	O
with	O
inflammatory	O
conditions	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
and	O
septic	O
shock	B-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Polymorphisms	B-PROC
in	O
the	O
C	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
type	I-PRGE
lectin	I-PRGE
genes	I-PRGE
cluster	O
in	O
chromosome	B-ANAT
19	I-ANAT
and	O
predisposition	O
to	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

Because	O
cystatins	O
added	O
to	O
cell	B-COMP
cultures	O
can	O
inhibit	O
polio	B-DISO
,	O
herpes	B-DISO
simplex	I-DISO
and	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
replication	O
,	O
which	O
are	O
intracellular	B-COMP
processes	O
,	O
the	O
internalization	O
and	O
intracellular	B-COMP
regulation	B-PROC
of	O
cysteine	B-PRGE
proteases	I-PRGE
by	O
cystatin	B-PRGE
C	I-PRGE
should	O
be	O
considered	O
.	O

It	O
was	O
functionally	O
intact	O
and	O
extracts	O
of	O
cells	B-COMP
exposed	O
to	O
cystatin	B-PRGE
C	I-PRGE
showed	O
a	O
higher	O
capacity	O
to	O
inhibit	O
papain	B-ENZY
and	O
cathepsin	B-PRGE
B	I-PRGE
than	O
control	O
cells	B-COMP
(	O
decrease	O
in	O
enzyme	B-FUNC
activity	I-FUNC
of	O
34	O
%	O
and	O
37	O
%,	O
respectively	O
).	O

Later	O
,	O
we	O
screened	O
his	O
sera	B-COMP
for	O
antibodies	B-COMP
to	O
anti	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
aminoacyl	I-PRGE
tRNA	I-PRGE
synthetase	I-PRGE
to	O
diagnose	O
anti	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
aminoacyl	I-PRGE
tRNA	I-PRGE
synthetase	I-PRGE
syndrome	B-DISO
because	O
anti	O
-	O
PL	O
-	O
12	O
antibodies	B-COMP
were	O
positive	O
.	O

A	O
variety	O
of	O
socio	O
-	O
demographic	O
factors	O
,	O
notably	O
gender	O
,	O
previous	O
outbreak	O
experience	O
(	O
particularly	O
with	O
SARS	B-DISO
),	O
full	O
-	O
time	O
vs	O
.	O
part	O
-	O
time	O
job	O
status	O
,	O
and	O
region	O
of	O
employment	O
also	O
were	O
related	O
to	O
perceptions	O
of	O
risk	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Among	O
the	O
deaths	B-PROC
due	O
to	O
trauma	O
,	O
about	O
one	O
half	O
of	O
the	O
patients	O
suffer	B-DISO
from	O
road	O
traffic	O
injury	O
(	O
RTI	B-DISO
).	O

This	O
study	O
aimed	O
to	O
sieve	O
distinctive	O
risk	O
factors	O
in	O
our	O
RTI	B-DISO
population	O
,	O
meanwhile	O
,	O
we	O
also	O
hypothesize	O
that	O
there	O
may	O
exist	O
significantly	O
different	O
risk	O
factors	O
in	O
these	O
patients	O
.	O

Patients	O
identified	O
as	O
severe	O
RTI	B-DISO
with	O
post	O
-	O
traumatic	O
ARDS	B-DISO
were	O
enrolled	O
in	O
a	O
prospectively	O
maintained	O
database	O
between	O
May	O
2002	O
and	O
April	O
2007	O
and	O
observed	O
.	O

The	O
unadjusted	O
odds	O
ratio	O
(	O
OR	O
)	O
and	O
95	O
%	O
confidence	O
intervals	O
(	O
CI	O
)	O
of	O
mortality	O
were	O
associated	O
with	O
six	O
risk	O
factors	O
out	O
of	O
23	O
:	O
APACHE	O
II	O
score	O
,	O
duration	O
of	O
trauma	O
factor	O
,	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
contusion	O
,	O
aspiration	B-DISO
of	O
gastric	B-ANAT
contents	I-ANAT
,	O
sepsis	B-DISO
and	O
duration	O
of	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
.	O

This	O
study	O
showed	O
that	O
ApNPV	O
significantly	O
enhanced	O
inflammatory	O
cytokine	O
mRNA	B-PROC
expression	B-PROC
in	O
chicken	B-SPEC
PBMC	O
and	O
HD	O
11	O
cells	B-COMP
through	O
the	O
clathrin	B-PRGE
-	O
dependent	O
endocytic	O
and	O
endosomal	O
maturation	B-PROC
pathway	B-PROC
,	O
and	O
up	O
-	O
regulated	O
nitric	B-CHED
oxide	I-CHED
production	O
in	O
HD	O
11	O
cells	B-COMP
.	O

CoV	O
primarily	O
infects	O
the	O
upper	O
respiratory	O
and	O
gastrointestinal	B-ANAT
tract	I-ANAT
;	O
however	O
,	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
has	O
a	O
unique	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
because	O
it	O
infects	O
both	O
the	O
upper	O
and	O
lower	O
respiratory	B-ANAT
tracts	I-ANAT
and	O
leads	O
to	O
human	B-SPEC
respiratory	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
.	O

SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
genome	O
has	O
shown	O
containing	O
14	O
open	O
reading	O
frames	O
(	O
ORFs	O
)	O
and	O
8	O
of	O
them	O
encode	O
novel	O
proteins	B-CHED
.	O

Importantly	O
,	O
the	O
protein	B-CHED
level	O
of	O
ER	B-PRGE
chaperon	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
,	O
GRP94	B-PRGE
,	O
was	O
up	O
-	O
regulated	O
when	O
ORF	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
6	I-PRGE
was	O
overexpressed	O
.	O

We	O
produced	O
mammalian	B-SPEC
expression	B-PROC
vectors	O
encoding	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
accessory	O
proteins	B-CHED
with	O
or	O
without	O
the	O
fluorescence	O
protein	B-FUNC
tag	B-DISO
and	O
cell	B-ANAT
lines	I-ANAT
with	O
stable	O
expression	B-PROC
of	O
these	O
proteins	B-CHED
.	O

Lymphopaenia	O
in	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
is	O
likely	O
to	O
result	O
from	O
indirect	O
mechanisms	O
secondary	O
to	O
the	O
viral	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
.	O

This	O
was	O
supported	O
by	O
in	O
vitro	O
binding	B-FUNC
studies	O
that	O
demonstrated	O
homozygous	O
L	O
-	O
SIGN	O
,	O
compared	O
to	O
heterozygous	O
,	O
had	O
higher	O
binding	B-FUNC
capacity	O
for	O
SARS	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
),	O
with	O
higher	O
proteasome	B-PATH
-	O
dependent	O
viral	O
degradation	O
.	O

We	O
have	O
demonstrated	O
for	O
the	O
first	O
time	O
that	O
the	O
helicase	O
of	O
a	O
ribonucleic	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
virus	B-SPEC
,	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
),	O
is	O
a	O
valid	O
target	O
for	O
drug	O
development	B-PROC
.	O

These	O
compounds	O
can	O
potentially	O
be	O
used	O
to	O
target	O
other	O
viruses	B-SPEC
.	O

Intranasal	O
vaccination	O
using	O
inactivated	O
SARS	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
vaccine	O
with	O
adjuvant	B-CHED
can	O
induce	O
strong	O
systemic	O
(	O
serum	B-COMP
immunoglobulin	B-PROC
[	O
Ig	O
]	O
G	O
)	O
and	O
respiratory	B-ANAT
tract	I-ANAT
local	O
(	O
tracheal	O
-	O
lung	B-ANAT
wash	O
fluid	O
IgA	B-PRGE
)	O
antibody	B-PROC
responses	I-PROC
with	O
neutralising	O
activity	O
.	O

A	O
single	O
dose	O
of	O
RBD	O
-	O
rAAV	O
vaccination	O
can	O
induce	O
adequate	O
neutralising	O
antibody	B-COMP
against	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
CoV	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
.	O

Intranasal	O
vaccination	O
with	O
RBD	O
-	O
rAAV	O
induced	O
local	O
IgA	B-PRGE
and	O
systemic	O
IgG	B-PRGE
neutralising	O
antibodies	B-COMP
and	O
specific	O
T	B-ANAT
-	I-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
responses	O
,	O
able	O
to	O
protect	O
against	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
CoV	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
in	O
animal	B-SPEC
models	O
.	O

When	O
compared	O
with	O
the	O
RBD	O
-	O
rAAV	O
prime	O
/	O
boost	O
vaccination	O
,	O
RBD	O
-	O
rAAV	O
prime	O
/	O
RBD	O
-	O
peptide	O
boost	O
induced	O
similar	O
levels	O
of	O
Th1	O
and	O
neutralising	O
antibody	B-PROC
responses	I-PROC
that	O
protected	O
vaccinated	O
mice	B-SPEC
from	O
subsequent	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
challenges	O
,	O
but	O
stronger	O
Th2	O
and	O
CTL	B-ANAT
responses	O
.	O

Overall	O
,	O
our	O
findings	O
suggest	O
that	O
the	O
inactivated	O
vaccine	O
,	O
RBD	O
-	O
Fc	O
and	O
RBD	O
-	O
rAAV	O
,	O
can	O
be	O
further	O
developed	O
into	O
effective	O
and	O
safe	O
vaccines	O
against	O
SARS	B-DISO
and	O
that	O
intranasal	O
vaccination	O
may	O
be	O
the	O
preferred	O
route	O
of	O
administration	O
.	O

Other	O
viruses	B-SPEC
that	O
cause	O
myocarditis	B-DISO
are	O
adenovirus	B-DISO
and	O
influenza	B-SPEC
viruses	I-SPEC
.	O

Histological	O
examination	O
was	O
undertaken	O
to	O
detect	O
myocardial	B-DISO
inflammation	I-DISO
.	O

After	O
exclusion	O
of	O
other	O
possible	O
causes	O
of	O
death	B-PROC
,	O
the	O
results	O
indicated	O
that	O
viral	B-PATH
myocarditis	I-PATH
was	O
the	O
cause	O
of	O
death	B-PROC
in	O
patients	O
with	O
adenovirus	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
.	O

Other	O
common	O
causes	O
of	O
diarrhea	B-DISO
in	O
adult	O
camelids	O
were	O
not	O
detected	O
.	O

Both	O
patients	O
died	B-PROC
despite	O
full	O
supportive	O
therapy	O
;	O
the	O
first	O
due	O
to	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
haemorrhage	I-DISO
,	O
the	O
second	O
due	O
to	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
refractory	O
to	O
high	O
frequency	O
oscillatory	O
ventilation	O
.	O

Further	O
research	O
into	O
appropriate	O
therapy	O
for	O
patients	O
with	O
acute	O
severe	O
forms	O
of	O
the	O
disease	O
who	O
require	O
intensive	O
organ	B-ANAT
support	O
is	O
required	O
.	O

This	O
study	O
considers	O
250	O
autopsies	O
of	O
HIV	B-DISO
/	I-DISO
AIDS	I-DISO
patients	O
who	O
died	B-PROC
of	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
and	O
describes	O
the	O
demographic	O
data	O
,	O
etiology	O
,	O
and	O
histological	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
findings	O
of	O
the	O
various	O
pathologies	O
.	O

Odds	O
ratio	O
of	O
the	O
HIV	B-DISO
/	I-DISO
AIDS	I-DISO
-	O
associated	O
diseases	O
developing	O
a	O
specific	O
histopathological	O
pattern	O
was	O
determined	O
by	O
logistic	O
regression	O
.	O

In	O
one	O
year	O
after	O
beginning	O
of	O
treatment	O
with	O
TMZ	O
(	O
35	O
mg	O
)	O
number	O
of	O
weekly	O
pain	O
attacks	O
was	O
decreased	O
in	O
patients	O
of	O
1st	O
group	O
vs	O
.	O
2nd	O
group	O
(	O
at	O
the	O
average	O
-	O
50	O
.	O
8	O
%	O
-	O
29	O
.	O
3	O
%	O
vs	O
.	O
+	O
12	O
.	O
5	O
%	O
+	O
16	O
.	O
6	O
%	O
respectively	O
);	O
significant	O
(	O
p	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
)	O
decrease	O
in	O
duration	O
of	O
painless	O
myocardial	B-DISO
ischemia	I-DISO
was	O
registered	O
.	O

Thus	O
,	O
long	O
-	O
term	O
(	O
not	O
less	O
then	O
1	O
year	O
)	O
use	O
of	O
TMZ	O
(	O
35	O
mg	O
)	O
in	O
combined	O
treatment	O
assists	O
to	O
normalization	O
of	O
cardiovascular	B-ANAT
indices	O
,	O
decreases	O
cardiovascular	B-ANAT
complication	B-DISO
occurrence	O
,	O
improves	O
disease	O
prognosis	O
and	O
do	O
not	O
has	O
negative	O
side	O
-	O
effects	O
.	O

Rapid	O
improvement	O
of	O
PaO2	O
/	O
fraction	O
of	O
inspired	B-PROC
oxygen	B-CHED
from	O
172	O
mmHg	O
(	O
NIV	O
)	O
to	O
310	O
mmHg	O
with	O
HFO	O
.	O

In	O
contrast	O
with	O
previous	O
studies	O
,	O
we	O
successfully	O
used	O
lung	B-ANAT
protective	O
ventilation	O
with	O
HFO	O
immediately	O
.	O

In	O
this	O
review	O
we	O
will	O
discuss	O
mechanisms	O
of	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
endothelial	B-DISO
dysfunction	I-DISO
and	O
edema	B-DISO
generation	O
in	O
the	O
lung	B-ANAT
with	O
special	O
emphasis	O
on	O
the	O
interplay	O
between	O
the	O
endothelium	O
,	O
the	O
immune	O
and	O
hemostatic	B-PROC
systems	O
,	O
and	O
highlight	O
how	O
these	O
principles	O
apply	O
in	O
the	O
context	O
of	O
defined	O
disorders	O
and	O
specific	O
insults	O
implicated	O
in	O
ALI	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
production	O
of	O
virus	B-ANAT
-	I-ANAT
like	I-ANAT
particles	I-ANAT
(	O
VLPs	B-ANAT
)	O
constitutes	O
a	O
relevant	O
and	O
safe	O
model	O
to	O
study	O
molecular	O
determinants	O
of	O
virion	B-COMP
egress	O
.	O

Here	O
we	O
show	O
that	O
both	O
E	O
and	O
N	O
proteins	B-CHED
must	O
be	O
coexpressed	O
with	O
M	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
for	O
the	O
efficient	O
production	O
and	O
release	B-PATH
of	O
VLPs	B-ANAT
by	O
transfected	O
Vero	O
E6	O
cells	B-COMP
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Although	O
the	O
2003	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
outbreak	O
was	O
controlled	O
,	O
repeated	O
transmission	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
CoV	O
)	O
over	O
several	O
years	O
makes	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
a	O
SARS	B-DISO
vaccine	O
desirable	O
.	O

Both	O
the	O
whole	O
killed	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
vaccine	O
(	O
with	O
and	O
without	O
alum	O
)	O
and	O
adenovirus	B-DISO
-	O
based	O
vectors	O
encoding	O
the	O
nucleocapsid	B-COMP
(	O
N	O
)	O
and	O
spike	O
(	O
S	O
)	O
protein	B-CHED
induced	O
neutralizing	O
antibody	B-PROC
responses	I-PROC
and	O
reduced	O
viral	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
and	O
shedding	O
in	O
the	O
upper	B-ANAT
respiratory	I-ANAT
tract	I-ANAT
and	O
progression	O
of	O
virus	B-SPEC
to	O
the	O
lower	B-ANAT
respiratory	I-ANAT
tract	I-ANAT
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Feline	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
peritonitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
FIPV	O
),	O
a	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
that	O
causes	O
a	O
lethal	O
chronic	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
in	O
cats	B-SPEC
,	O
enters	O
feline	B-SPEC
monocytes	B-ANAT
via	O
endocytosis	B-PATH
.	O

The	O
caveolae	B-COMP
-	O
mediated	O
pathway	B-PROC
could	O
be	O
excluded	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
inability	O
of	O
genistein	B-CHED
and	O
DN	B-PRGE
caveolin	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
to	O
inhibit	O
virus	B-SPEC
uptake	O
and	O
lack	O
of	O
co	O
-	O
localization	B-PROC
between	O
FIPV	O
and	O
caveolin	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Antiviral	B-CHED
activity	O
of	O
arbidol	O
and	O
its	O
derivatives	O
against	O
the	O
pathogen	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
in	O
the	O
cell	B-COMP
cultures	O
].	O

TITLE	O
:	O
The	O
obesity	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
hypoventilation	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
and	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
in	O
the	O
acute	O
trauma	O
patient	O
.	O

In	O
the	O
acute	O
trauma	O
patient	O
,	O
these	O
include	O
spinal	O
immobilization	O
,	O
supine	O
positioning	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
administration	O
of	O
sedative	B-CHED
and	O
analgesic	B-CHED
medications	O
.	O

Such	O
patients	O
will	O
not	O
be	O
able	O
to	O
adequately	O
increase	O
ventilation	O
in	O
response	O
to	O
mounting	O
hypercapnia	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
An	O
immunosuppressed	O
Syrian	B-SPEC
golden	I-SPEC
hamster	I-SPEC
model	O
for	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
CoV	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Several	O
small	O
animal	O
models	O
have	O
been	O
developed	O
for	O
the	O
study	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
replication	O
and	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
.	O

Syrian	B-SPEC
golden	I-SPEC
hamsters	I-SPEC
are	O
among	O
the	O
best	O
small	O
animal	B-SPEC
models	O
,	O
though	O
little	O
clinical	O
illness	O
and	O
no	O
mortality	O
are	O
observed	O
after	O
virus	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Purification	O
,	O
crystallization	O
and	O
preliminary	O
crystallographic	O
analysis	O
of	O
avian	B-SPEC
infectious	I-DISO
bronchitis	I-DISO
virus	O
nsp3	B-PRGE
ADRP	B-PRGE
domain	O
.	O

One	O
of	O
them	O
,	O
nsp3	B-PRGE
,	O
contains	O
an	O
ADRP	B-PRGE
(	O
adenosine	B-CHED
diphosphate	B-CHED
-	O
ribose	B-CHED
-	O
1	O
'-	O
phosphatase	B-FUNC
)	O
domain	O
which	O
was	O
revealed	O
in	O
recent	O
studies	O
to	O
have	O
ADP	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
ribose	B-CHED
-	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
'-	I-PRGE
monophosphatase	I-PRGE
(	O
Appr	O
-	O
1	O
'-	O
pase	O
)	O
activity	O
.	O

Appr	O
-	O
1	O
'-	O
pase	O
catalyzes	O
the	O
conversion	O
of	O
ADP	B-CHED
-	O
ribose	B-CHED
-	O
1	O
'-	O
monophosphate	O
(	O
Appr	O
-	O
1	O
'-	O
p	O
)	O
to	O
ADP	B-CHED
-	O
ribose	B-CHED
in	O
the	O
tRNA	B-FUNC
-	O
splicing	B-PROC
pathway	B-PROC
.	O

2	O
.	O
4	O
mL	O
/	O
kg	O
predicted	O
body	B-ANAT
weight	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
New	O
respiratory	O
viruses	B-SPEC
in	O
children	O
2	O
months	O
to	O
3	O
years	O
old	O
with	O
recurrent	O
wheeze	B-DISO
].	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Respiratory	O
viruses	O
are	O
associated	O
with	O
respiratory	O
exacerbations	O
,	O
more	O
frequently	O
Respiratory	B-SPEC
Syncytial	I-SPEC
Virus	I-SPEC
in	O
infants	O
and	O
Rhinovirus	B-SPEC
in	O
children	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
The	O
studies	O
on	O
the	O
aetiology	O
of	O
diarrhoea	B-DISO
in	O
neonatal	O
calves	O
and	O
determination	O
of	O
virulence	B-PROC
gene	O
markers	O
of	O
Escherichia	O
coli	O
strains	O
by	O
multiplex	O
PCR	O
.	O

Faeces	B-ANAT
were	O
taken	O
from	O
the	O
rectums	B-ANAT
of	O
all	O
the	O
calves	O
and	O
were	O
subjected	O
to	O
bacterial	O
culture	O
.	O

Furthermore	O
,	O
only	O
E	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
coli	I-SPEC
was	O
isolated	O
from	O
all	O
18	O
faeces	O
samples	O
of	O
healthy	O
calves	O
.	O

A	O
total	O
of	O
15	O
rotavirus	B-SPEC
,	O
11	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
and	O
11	O
E	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
coli	I-SPEC
K99	O
were	O
detected	O
in	O
diarrhoeic	O
calves	O
by	O
the	O
antigen	B-CHED
ELISA	O
.	O

K99	O
,	O
F41	O
,	O
STa	B-PRGE
,	O
Stx1	B-PRGE
and	O
Stx2	B-PRGE
were	O
found	O
as	O
the	O
most	O
common	O
virulence	B-PROC
gene	O
markers	O
of	O
E	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
coli	I-SPEC
strains	O
isolated	O
from	O
calves	O
with	O
diarrhoea	B-DISO
.	O

Multiplex	O
PCR	O
may	O
be	O
useful	O
for	O
characterization	O
of	O
E	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
coli	I-SPEC
isolated	O
from	O
calves	O
.	O

The	O
nucleolar	B-ANAT
trafficking	B-PROC
of	O
wild	O
type	O
viral	O
proteins	B-CHED
and	O
chimeric	O
proteins	B-CHED
,	O
which	O
contain	O
altered	O
NoLSs	O
,	O
were	O
compared	O
to	O
investigate	O
the	O
role	O
of	O
NoLSs	O
in	O
dynamic	O
nucleolar	B-ANAT
trafficking	B-PROC
.	O

A	O
total	O
of	O
158	O
nasopharyngeal	B-ANAT
swab	I-ANAT
specimens	O
collected	O
from	O
adult	O
patients	O
with	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
tract	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
in	O
Beijing	O
were	O
screened	O
for	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
human	B-PRGE
coronavirus	I-PRGE
NL63	I-PRGE
and	O
HKU1	O
by	O
using	O
real	O
-	O
time	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
and	O
conventional	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
method	O
.	O

The	O
fluorescence	O
quantitative	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
method	O
detected	O
six	O
specimens	O
positive	O
for	O
human	B-PRGE
coronavirus	I-PRGE
NL63	I-PRGE
,	O
five	O
specimens	O
positive	O
for	O
human	O
coronavirus	O
HKU1	O
;	O
and	O
conventional	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
method	O
detected	O
three	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
NL63	I-SPEC
positive	O
and	O
three	O
HCoV	O
-	O
HKU1	O
positive	O
,	O
respectively	O
.	O

The	O
aim	O
of	O
the	O
present	O
study	O
is	O
to	O
investigate	O
changes	O
of	O
interferon	B-PRGE
(	O
IFN	B-PRGE
)	O
production	O
occurring	O
over	O
the	O
first	O
48	O
h	O
after	O
infection	B-DISO
of	O
peripheral	B-ANAT
blood	I-ANAT
mononuclear	I-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
(	O
PBMCs	O
)	O
with	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
CoV	O
)	O
and	O
to	O
compare	O
these	O
changes	O
to	O
those	O
induced	O
by	O
well	O
-	O
established	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	O
inducing	O
viruses	B-SPEC
,	O
such	O
as	O
vesicular	B-DISO
stomatitis	I-DISO
(	O
VSV	O
)	O
and	O
Newcastle	O
viruses	B-SPEC
(	O
NDV	B-SPEC
).	O

The	O
results	O
showed	O
that	O
the	O
antiviral	B-CHED
activity	O
of	O
IFN	B-PRGE
contained	O
in	O
the	O
supernatant	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
-	O
infected	O
PBMCs	O
was	O
lower	O
than	O
those	O
induced	O
by	O
VSV	O
and	O
NDV	B-SPEC
.	O

Characterization	O
of	O
the	O
profile	O
of	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
alpha	I-PRGE
subtypes	O
genes	O
expression	B-PROC
in	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
-	O
infected	O
PBMCs	O
demonstrated	O
that	O
the	O
level	O
of	O
IFN	O
-	O
alpha2	O
and	O
-	O
6	O
subtypes	O
were	O
higher	O
compared	O
to	O
other	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
alpha	I-PRGE
subtypes	O
namely	O
,	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
alpha5	I-PRGE
,	O
-	O
8	O
,	O
-	O
10	O
,	O
-	O
13	O
/	O
1	O
,	O
-	O
17	O
,	O
and	O
-	O
21	O
.	O

These	O
findings	O
suggest	O
either	O
that	O
the	O
acutely	O
infected	O
pigs	B-SPEC
did	O
not	O
aerosolize	O
the	O
viruses	B-SPEC
or	O
that	O
the	O
quantity	O
of	O
virus	B-SPEC
excreted	O
was	O
below	O
the	O
detection	O
threshold	O
of	O
current	O
sampling	O
or	O
assay	O
systems	O
,	O
or	O
both	O
,	O
at	O
the	O
individual	O
-	O
pig	O
level	O
.	O

Histopathological	O
examination	O
of	O
the	O
spinal	B-ANAT
cord	I-ANAT
revealed	O
severe	O
granulomatous	B-DISO
inflammation	I-DISO
associated	O
with	O
large	O
numbers	O
of	O
encapsulated	O
yeast	B-SPEC
cells	B-COMP
.	O

grubii	O
yeast	B-SPEC
cells	B-COMP
.	O

Here	O
we	O
describe	O
a	O
discovery	O
platform	O
that	O
utilizes	O
self	O
-	O
inactivating	O
(	O
SIN	B-PROC
)	O
lentiviral	O
vectors	O
for	O
the	O
surface	O
display	O
of	O
high	O
-	O
affinity	O
single	O
-	O
chain	O
variable	O
region	O
(	O
scFv	O
)	O
antibody	B-COMP
fragments	O
on	O
human	B-SPEC
cells	B-COMP
and	O
lentivirus	B-SPEC
particles	O
.	O

Finally	O
,	O
the	O
scFvFc	O
displaying	O
human	B-SPEC
cells	B-COMP
could	O
be	O
used	O
directly	O
in	O
functional	O
biological	O
screens	O
with	O
remarkable	O
sensitivity	O
.	O

These	O
data	O
demonstrated	O
the	O
up	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
regulation	I-PROC
of	O
37	O
genes	O
and	O
down	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
regulation	I-PROC
of	O
nine	O
genes	O
,	O
including	O
those	O
involved	O
in	O
cell	B-PROC
signaling	I-PROC
,	O
inflammation	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
gene	B-PROC
transcription	I-PROC
in	O
SOD3	B-PRGE
-/-	O
mice	B-SPEC
compared	O
with	O
either	O
mice	B-SPEC
with	O
acute	O
SOD3	B-PRGE
reduction	O
or	O
wild	O
-	O
type	O
controls	O
.	O

The	O
M	O
gene	O
is	O
of	O
687	O
bp	O
in	O
length	O
encoding	O
the	O
M	O
protein	B-CHED
of	O
228	O
amino	B-CHED
acids	I-CHED
with	O
a	O
predicted	O
molecular	O
weight	O
of	O
25	O
.	O
4	O
kDa	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
M	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
is	O
co	O
-	O
localized	O
almost	O
entirely	O
with	O
S	O
,	O
E	O
,	O
or	O
NC	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
when	O
co	O
-	O
expressed	B-PROC
in	O
the	O
cells	B-COMP
.	O

Exposure	O
to	O
live	O
birds	B-SPEC
,	O
perceived	O
similar	O
symptoms	O
between	O
influenza	B-DISO
and	O
bird	B-SPEC
-	O
to	O
-	O
human	B-SPEC
H5N1	B-DISO
avian	B-DISO
influenza	I-DISO
,	O
that	O
bird	B-SPEC
-	O
to	O
-	O
human	B-SPEC
avian	B-DISO
influenza	I-DISO
was	O
more	O
lethal	O
than	O
SARS	B-DISO
were	O
predictive	O
use	O
of	O
face	B-DISO
mask	O
when	O
having	O
ILI	O
symptoms	O
(	O
OR	O
=	O
4	O
.	O
25	O
-	O
8	O
.	O
34	O
,	O
p	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
).	O

Inhibitor	B-CHED
10	O
with	O
a	O
5	O
-	O
chloropyridinyl	O
ester	B-CHED
at	O
position	O
4	O
of	O
the	O
indole	B-CHED
ring	O
is	O
the	O
most	O
potent	O
inhibitor	B-CHED
with	O
a	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
3CLpro	I-PRGE
IC	I-PRGE
(	O
50	O
)	O
value	O
of	O
30	O
nM	O
and	O
an	O
antiviral	B-CHED
EC	O
(	O
50	O
)	O
value	O
of	O
6	O
.	O
9	O
microM	O
.	O
Molecular	O
docking	B-PROC
studies	O
have	O
provided	O
possible	O
binding	B-FUNC
modes	O
of	O
these	O
inhibitors	B-CHED
.	O

Sixty	O
-	O
six	O
(	O
40	O
.	O
4	O
%)	O
out	O
of	O
163	O
patients	O
developed	O
79	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
complications	I-DISO
.	O

Infectious	B-DISO
etiology	O
was	O
the	O
leading	O
cause	O
(	O
92	O
.	O
4	O
%).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
replication	O
is	O
supported	O
by	O
a	O
reticulovesicular	O
network	O
of	O
modified	O
endoplasmic	B-ANAT
reticulum	I-ANAT
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Utilization	O
of	O
DC	O
-	O
SIGN	O
for	O
entry	O
of	O
feline	B-SPEC
coronaviruses	O
into	O
host	B-COMP
cells	B-COMP
.	O

We	O
showed	O
that	O
entry	O
of	O
the	O
serotype	O
II	O
feline	B-SPEC
coronavirus	B-SPEC
strains	O
feline	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
peritonitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
FIPV	O
)	O
WSU	O
79	O
-	O
1146	O
and	O
DF2	O
into	O
nonpermissive	O
mouse	B-SPEC
3T3	O
cells	B-COMP
can	O
be	O
rescued	O
by	O
the	O
expression	B-PROC
of	O
human	B-PRGE
DC	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
SIGN	I-PRGE
(	O
hDC	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
SIGN	I-PRGE
)	O
and	O
that	O
infection	B-DISO
of	O
a	O
permissive	O
feline	B-SPEC
cell	B-ANAT
line	I-ANAT
(	O
Crandall	O
-	O
Reese	O
feline	B-SPEC
kidney	B-ANAT
)	O
was	O
markedly	O
enhanced	O
by	O
the	O
overexpression	B-PROC
of	O
hDC	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
SIGN	I-PRGE
.	O

When	O
blastocysts	B-ANAT
were	O
injected	O
with	O
10	O
(-	O
5	O
)	O
TCID	O
(	O
50	O
)	O
MMVp	O
,	O
all	O
four	O
recipients	O
and	O
14	O
pups	O
from	O
four	O
litters	O
remained	O
seronegative	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Angiotensin	B-PRGE
converting	I-PRGE
enzyme	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
(	O
ACE2	B-PRGE
)	O
is	O
the	O
receptor	O
that	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
utilizes	O
for	O
target	B-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
entry	O
and	O
,	O
therefore	O
,	O
plays	O
an	O
important	O
role	O
in	O
SARS	B-DISO
pathogenesis	B-DISO
.	O

Rh	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
ACE2	I-PRGE
,	O
however	O
,	O
is	O
more	O
polymorphic	O
than	O
hu	O
-	O
ACE2	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
We	O
present	O
three	O
cases	O
of	O
patients	O
(	O
at	O
the	O
age	O
of	O
56	O
years	O
,	O
49	O
years	O
and	O
74	O
years	O
respectively	O
)	O
with	O
severe	O
acute	B-DISO
pancreatitis	I-DISO
(	O
SAP	O
),	O
complicated	O
by	O
intra	O
-	O
abdominal	B-DISO
compartment	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ACS	B-FUNC
)	O
and	O
respiratory	B-DISO
insufficiency	I-DISO
with	O
limitations	O
of	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
.	O

ACS	B-FUNC
was	O
discussed	O
followed	O
by	O
a	O
short	O
review	O
of	O
the	O
literature	O
.	O

Our	O
cases	O
show	O
that	O
DL	O
may	O
help	O
patients	O
with	O
SAP	O
to	O
recover	B-PROC
from	O
severe	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
A	O
prime	O
-	O
boost	O
vaccination	O
protocol	O
optimizes	O
immune	B-PROC
responses	I-PROC
against	O
the	O
nucleocapsid	B-COMP
protein	B-CHED
of	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
.	O

The	O
prevalences	O
of	O
C	O
parvum	O
,	O
rotavirus	B-SPEC
,	O
BCV	B-SPEC
and	O
E	O
coli	O
k99	O
were	O
55	O
.	O
0	O
per	O
cent	O
,	O
58	O
.	O
7	O
per	O
cent	O
,	O
7	O
.	O
8	O
per	O
cent	O
and	O
5	O
.	O
5	O
per	O
cent	O
,	O
respectively	O
.	O

Malarial	O
ALI	O
/	O
ARDS	B-DISO
is	O
more	O
common	O
in	O
adults	O
than	O
in	O
children	O
.	O

Increased	O
alveolar	B-ANAT
capillary	B-PROC
permeability	I-PROC
resulting	O
in	O
intravascular	O
fluid	B-DISO
loss	I-DISO
into	O
the	O
lungs	B-ANAT
appears	O
to	O
be	O
the	O
key	O
pathophysiologic	O
mechanism	O
.	O

In	O
malaria	B-PATH
,	O
ARDS	B-DISO
can	O
develop	O
either	O
at	O
initial	O
presentation	O
or	O
after	O
initiation	O
of	O
treatment	O
when	O
the	O
parasitaemia	O
is	O
falling	O
and	O
the	O
patient	O
is	O
improving	O
.	O

Careful	O
attention	O
must	O
be	O
paid	O
to	O
haemodynamic	O
stabilisation	O
and	O
optimising	O
fluid	B-PROC
balance	I-PROC
.	O

By	O
contrast	O
,	O
salt	B-CHED
and	O
water	B-CHED
retention	B-PROC
can	O
be	O
severe	O
and	O
complicated	O
with	O
hypertension	B-DISO
,	O
congestive	B-DISO
heart	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
or	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
edema	I-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Decompensated	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
hypertension	I-DISO
].	O

The	O
particular	O
clinical	O
picture	O
and	O
the	O
associated	O
hemodynamics	B-PROC
determine	O
this	O
condition	B-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Cholesterol	B-CHED
present	O
in	O
the	O
plasma	B-COMP
membrane	I-COMP
of	O
target	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
has	O
been	O
shown	O
to	O
be	O
important	O
for	O
the	O
infection	B-DISO
by	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
.	O
We	O
show	O
that	O
cholesterol	B-DISO
depletion	I-DISO
by	O
treatment	O
with	O
methyl	B-CHED
-	O
beta	B-CHED
-	I-CHED
cyclodextrin	I-CHED
(	O
m	O
beta	O
CD	O
)	O
affects	O
infection	B-DISO
by	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
to	O
the	O
same	O
extent	O
as	O
infection	B-DISO
by	O
vesicular	B-SPEC
stomatitis	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
-	O
based	O
pseudotypes	O
containing	O
the	O
surface	O
glycoprotein	B-PRGE
S	I-PRGE
of	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
(	O
VSV	O
-	O
Delta	O
G	O
-	O
S	O
).	O

We	O
found	O
that	O
ACE2	B-PRGE
of	O
both	O
Vero	O
E6	O
and	O
Caco	O
-	O
2	O
cells	B-COMP
co	O
-	O
purifies	O
with	O
marker	O
proteins	B-CHED
of	O
detergent	B-CHED
-	O
resistant	O
membranes	O
supporting	O
the	O
notion	O
that	O
cholesterol	B-CHED
-	O
rich	O
microdomains	O
provide	O
a	O
platform	O
facilitating	O
the	O
efficient	O
interaction	O
of	O
the	O
S	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
with	O
the	O
cellular	B-COMP
receptor	O
ACE2	B-PRGE
.	O

Alternate	O
encoding	O
or	O
duplication	B-DISO
of	O
the	O
nsp2	B-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
sequence	I-PRGE
resulted	O
in	O
differences	O
in	O
nsp2	B-PRGE
expression	B-PROC
,	O
processing	O
,	O
and	O
localization	B-PROC
,	O
was	O
neutral	O
or	O
detrimental	O
to	O
replication	O
,	O
and	O
did	O
not	O
complement	O
an	O
ORF1a	O
Deltansp2	O
replication	O
defect	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
New	O
respiratory	O
viruses	B-SPEC
of	O
humans	B-SPEC
.	O

This	O
study	O
demonstrates	O
that	O
real	O
-	O
time	O
PCR	O
can	O
increase	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
microbiological	O
detections	O
of	O
respiratory	O
pathogens	O
,	O
mainly	O
as	O
a	O
result	O
of	O
detection	O
of	O
respiratory	O
viruses	B-SPEC
.	O

The	O
numbers	O
of	O
NK	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
in	O
their	O
livers	B-ANAT
,	O
spleens	B-ANAT
,	O
blood	B-ANAT
and	O
bone	B-ANAT
marrow	I-ANAT
and	O
the	O
expression	B-PROC
of	O
CD69	B-PRGE
on	O
liver	B-ANAT
NK	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
at	O
0	O
,	O
24	O
,	O
48	O
and	O
70	O
h	O
after	O
MHV	B-SPEC
-	O
3	O
infection	B-DISO
were	O
analyzed	O
by	O
flow	O
cytometry	O
.	O

The	O
expression	B-PROC
of	O
CD69	B-PRGE
on	O
liver	B-ANAT
NK	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
was	O
highly	O
up	O
-	O
regulated	O
after	O
the	O
infection	B-DISO
and	O
the	O
cytotoxic	O
activity	O
of	O
hepatic	B-ANAT
NK	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
at	O
48	O
h	O
was	O
also	O
significantly	O
enhanced	O
.	O

Recruited	O
NK	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
remarkably	O
express	O
CD69	B-PRGE
,	O
enhance	O
cytotoxic	O
activity	O
and	O
IFN	B-PRGE
gamma	I-PRGE
production	O
,	O
which	O
correlate	O
with	O
the	O
disease	O
severity	O
of	O
fulminant	O
viral	B-DISO
hepatitis	I-DISO
.	O

Our	O
results	O
suggest	O
that	O
liver	B-ANAT
NK	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
may	O
play	O
a	O
pivotal	O
role	O
in	O
the	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
of	O
fulminant	O
viral	B-DISO
hepatitis	I-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Psychological	B-DISO
resilience	O
and	O
dysfunction	O
among	O
hospitalized	O
survivors	O
of	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
epidemic	O
in	O
Hong	O
Kong	O
:	O
a	O
latent	O
class	O
approach	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
severe	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
virus	B-SPEC
is	O
a	O
member	O
of	O
the	O
Coronaviridae	B-SPEC
(	O
CoV	O
)	O
family	B-SPEC
that	O
first	O
appeared	O
in	O
the	O
Guangdong	O
Province	O
of	O
China	O
in	O
2002	O
and	O
was	O
recognized	O
as	O
an	O
emerging	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
in	O
March	O
2003	O
.	O

Nine	O
subjects	O
completed	O
the	O
3	O
dose	O
vaccination	O
schedule	O
and	O
were	O
evaluated	O
for	O
vaccine	O
safety	O
and	O
immune	B-PROC
responses	I-PROC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Bovine	B-SPEC
and	O
human	B-SPEC
-	O
derived	O
passive	O
immunization	O
could	O
help	O
slow	O
a	O
future	O
avian	B-DISO
influenza	I-DISO
pandemic	O
.	O

This	O
paper	O
proposes	O
that	O
should	O
such	O
occur	O
before	O
effective	O
vaccines	O
and	O
antiviral	B-CHED
drugs	I-CHED
are	O
available	O
,	O
the	O
outbreak	O
could	O
be	O
significantly	O
slowed	O
by	O
consumption	O
of	O
raw	O
milk	O
produced	O
by	O
herds	O
of	O
pathogen	O
-	O
free	O
lactating	O
cows	B-SPEC
intranasally	O
inoculated	O
with	O
heat	O
-	O
sterilized	O
sputa	O
pooled	O
from	O
avian	B-DISO
influenza	I-DISO
patients	O
,	O
supplemented	O
by	O
parenteral	O
serum	B-COMP
immune	O
globulin	O
from	O
the	O
same	O
cows	B-SPEC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Design	O
and	O
synthesis	B-PROC
of	O
cinanserin	O
analogs	O
as	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
3CL	O
protease	O
inhibitors	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
3CL	B-PRGE
protease	I-PRGE
is	O
an	O
attractive	O
target	O
for	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
anti	O
-	O
SARS	B-DISO
drugs	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Genome	O
-	O
wide	O
analysis	O
of	O
protein	B-CHED
-	O
protein	B-CHED
interactions	O
and	O
involvement	O
of	O
viral	O
proteins	B-CHED
in	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
replication	O
.	O

The	O
interactions	O
between	O
the	O
multifunctional	O
nsp10	O
and	O
nsp14	O
or	O
nsp16	O
,	O
which	O
are	O
the	O
unique	O
proteins	B-CHED
found	O
in	O
the	O
members	O
of	O
Nidovirales	B-SPEC
with	O
large	O
RNA	O
genomes	O
including	O
coronaviruses	O
and	O
toroviruses	B-SPEC
,	O
may	O
have	O
important	O
implication	O
for	O
the	O
mechanisms	O
of	O
replication	O
/	O
transcription	B-PROC
complex	O
assembly	O
and	O
functions	O
of	O
these	O
viruses	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Variation	O
in	O
the	O
myosin	B-PRGE
light	I-PRGE
chain	I-PRGE
kinase	I-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
is	O
associated	O
with	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
after	O
major	O
trauma	O
.	O

Ninety	O
-	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
273	O
subjects	O
(	O
33	O
%)	O
met	B-CHED
criteria	O
for	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
within	O
5	O
days	O
of	O
traumatic	O
insult	O
.	O

We	O
used	O
chi	B-CHED
(	O
2	O
),	O
analysis	O
of	O
variance	O
,	O
and	O
analysis	O
of	O
covariance	O
analyses	O
to	O
test	O
for	O
differences	O
between	O
the	O
1999	O
and	O
2005	O
samples	O
for	O
infection	B-DISO
control	O
program	O
components	O
and	O
ARO	O
rates	O
.	O

Clostridium	B-SPEC
difficile	I-SPEC
-	O
associated	O
diarrhea	B-DISO
rates	O
trended	O
up	O
from	O
1999	O
to	O
2005	O
(	O
F	O
=	O
2	O
.	O
9	O
,	O
P	O
=	O
.	O
09	O
).	O

However	O
,	O
the	O
proportion	O
of	O
ICPs	O
in	O
hospitals	O
certified	O
by	O
the	O
Certification	O
Board	O
of	O
Infection	B-DISO
Control	O
decreased	O
from	O
53	O
%	O
(	O
SD	O
,	O
46	O
)	O
in	O
1999	O
to	O
38	O
%	O
(	O
SD	O
,	O
36	O
)	O
in	O
2005	O
(	O
F	O
=	O
8	O
.	O
7	O
,	O
P	O
=	O
.	O
004	O
).	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
prevalence	O
of	O
antibodies	O
to	O
bovine	B-SPEC
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
BCV	B-SPEC
)	O
and	O
bovine	B-SPEC
respiratory	I-SPEC
syncytial	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
BRSV	B-SPEC
)	O
infections	B-DISO
was	O
studied	O
in	O
20	O
conventional	O
and	O
20	O
organic	O
dairy	O
herds	O
.	O

In	O
addition	O
,	O
the	O
absence	O
of	O
the	O
A1	O
allele	O
also	O
appeared	O
to	O
be	O
associated	O
with	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
community	O
-	O
acquired	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
-	O
induced	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
/	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
odds	O
ratio	O
=	O
3	O
.	O
1	O
,	O
confidence	O
interval	O
,	O
0	O
.	O
99	O
-	O
9	O
.	O
67	O
).	O

In	O
children	O
with	O
community	O
-	O
acquired	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
,	O
absence	O
of	O
the	O
A1	O
allele	O
at	O
the	O
interleukin	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
receptor	I-PRGE
antagonist	B-PROC
intron	O
2	O
polymorphic	O
site	O
is	O
associated	O
with	O
increased	O
risk	O
for	O
more	O
severe	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
,	O
as	O
measured	O
by	O
the	O
need	O
for	O
positive	O
pressure	O
ventilation	O
or	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
or	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

The	O
phylogenetic	O
analysis	O
of	O
the	O
nucleotide	B-CHED
sequences	O
of	O
the	O
isolates	O
showed	O
that	O
they	O
were	O
closely	O
related	O
to	O
each	O
other	O
,	O
and	O
formed	O
a	O
separate	O
cluster	O
apart	O
from	O
the	O
U	O
.	O
S	O
.	O
A	O
.	O
and	O
European	O
strains	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Fatal	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
edema	I-DISO
after	O
acute	O
occupational	O
exposure	O
to	O
nitric	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
.	O

We	O
established	O
that	O
two	O
of	O
the	O
three	O
hydrophobic	O
domains	O
in	O
nsp3	B-PRGE
and	O
six	O
of	O
the	O
seven	O
in	O
nsp6	O
are	O
membrane	B-COMP
spanning	O
.	O

Control	O
of	O
neurotropic	O
mouse	B-DISO
hepatitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
JHMV	O
)	O
requires	O
the	O
collaboration	O
of	O
CD4	B-PRGE
(+)	O
and	O
CD8	B-PRGE
(+)	O
T	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
,	O
with	O
CD8	B-PRGE
(+)	O
T	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
providing	O
direct	O
perforin	B-PRGE
and	I-PRGE
gamma	I-PRGE
interferon	I-PRGE
(	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
gamma	I-PRGE
)-	O
mediated	O
antiviral	B-CHED
activity	O
.	O

To	O
distinguish	O
bystander	O
from	O
direct	O
antiviral	B-CHED
contributions	O
of	O
CD4	B-PRGE
(+)	O
T	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
in	O
virus	B-SPEC
clearance	O
and	O
pathology	B-DISO
,	O
memory	B-PROC
CD4	B-PRGE
(+)	O
T	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
purified	O
from	O
wild	O
type	O
(	O
wt	O
),	O
perforin	B-PRGE
-	O
deficient	O
(	O
PKO	O
),	O
and	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
gamma	I-PRGE
-	O
deficient	O
(	O
GKO	O
)	O
immune	O
donors	O
were	O
transferred	O
to	O
immunodeficient	B-DISO
SCID	B-DISO
mice	B-SPEC
prior	O
to	O
CNS	B-CHED
challenge	O
.	O

All	O
three	O
donor	B-CHED
CD4	B-PRGE
(+)	O
T	B-ANAT
-	I-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
populations	O
controlled	O
CNS	B-CHED
virus	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
at	O
8	O
days	O
postinfection	O
,	O
indicating	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
gamma	I-PRGE
-	O
and	O
perforin	O
-	O
independent	O
antiviral	B-CHED
function	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Bovine	B-SPEC
-	O
like	O
coronaviruses	O
isolated	O
from	O
four	O
species	B-SPEC
of	O
captive	O
wild	O
ruminants	B-SPEC
are	O
homologous	O
to	O
bovine	O
coronaviruses	O
,	O
based	O
on	O
complete	O
genomic	O
sequences	O
.	O

The	O
fecal	B-ANAT
samples	O
from	O
the	O
sambar	B-SPEC
deer	I-SPEC
,	O
the	O
waterbuck	B-SPEC
,	O
and	O
the	O
white	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
tailed	I-SPEC
deer	I-SPEC
were	O
collected	O
during	O
winter	B-DISO
dysentery	I-DISO
outbreaks	O
and	O
sporadic	O
diarrhea	B-DISO
cases	O
in	O
1993	O
and	O
1994	O
(	O
H	O
.	O
Tsunemitsu	O
,	O
Z	O
.	O
R	O
.	O
el	O
-	O
Kanawati	O
,	O
D	O
.	O
R	O
.	O
Smith	O
,	O
H	O
.	O
H	O
.	O
Reed	O
,	O
and	O
L	O
.	O
J	O
.	O
Saif	O
,	O
J	O
.	O
Clin	O
.	O

Further	O
investigation	O
into	O
similarities	O
and	O
pathways	B-PROC
common	O
in	O
AEs	O
of	O
various	O
fibrotic	O
lung	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
may	O
yield	O
additional	O
insight	O
into	O
this	O
recently	O
recognized	O
syndrome	B-DISO
.	O

Lung	B-ANAT
biopsy	O
at	O
the	O
time	O
of	O
the	O
AE	O
,	O
explant	O
,	O
or	O
autopsy	O
revealed	O
organizing	O
diffuse	B-DISO
alveolar	I-DISO
damage	I-DISO
superimposed	O
on	O
fibrotic	O
lung	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
.	O

Getting	O
out	O
of	O
coma	B-DISO
the	O
patient	O
started	O
to	O
complain	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
pain	I-DISO
in	O
the	O
right	B-ANAT
arm	I-ANAT
,	O
which	O
clinically	O
worsened	O
on	O
passive	O
stretching	O
of	O
the	O
limb	B-ANAT
,	O
with	O
the	O
loss	B-DISO
of	I-DISO
sensation	I-DISO
and	O
weakness	B-DISO
.	O

Despite	O
therapy	O
his	O
urine	B-DISO
output	I-DISO
decreased	I-DISO
.	O

METHODOLOGY	O
:	O
Twenty	O
-	O
three	O
patients	O
were	O
tested	O
for	O
DPD	B-DISO
deficiency	I-DISO
after	O
excessive	O
toxicities	O
from	O
5	B-CHED
-	I-CHED
FU	I-CHED
and	O
/	O
or	O
capecitabine	B-CHED
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
DPD	B-DISO
deficiency	I-DISO
was	O
observed	O
in	O
several	O
ethnicities	O
.	O

S1	O
was	O
secreted	B-PROC
into	O
the	O
medium	O
.	O

Management	O
of	O
excessive	O
inflammation	B-DISO
may	O
be	O
possible	O
through	O
control	O
of	O
key	O
inflammatory	O
pathways	B-PROC
such	O
as	O
those	O
mediated	O
by	O
the	O
important	O
interleukin	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
receptor	I-PRGE
associated	I-PRGE
kinase	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
(	O
IRAK	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
).	O

Following	O
LPS	O
stimulation	O
,	O
the	O
anti	O
-	O
inflammatory	O
activity	O
of	O
ASODN	O
against	O
the	O
IRAK	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
expression	O
is	O
evidenced	O
by	O
the	O
lower	O
expression	B-PROC
of	O
inflammatory	O
chemokines	O
,	O
cytokines	O
and	O
acute	O
-	O
phase	O
proteins	B-CHED
compared	O
to	O
control	O
cells	B-COMP
.	O

With	O
wider	O
application	O
of	O
molecular	O
techniques	O
,	O
novel	O
viruses	B-SPEC
are	O
being	O
described	O
and	O
old	O
viruses	B-SPEC
are	O
found	O
to	O
have	O
new	O
significance	O
in	O
different	O
epidemiological	O
and	O
clinical	O
settings	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Acute	O
death	B-PROC
in	O
heartworm	O
-	O
infected	O
cats	B-SPEC
:	O
unraveling	O
the	O
puzzle	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Although	O
the	O
acute	O
death	O
syndrome	B-DISO
in	O
feline	B-SPEC
heartworm	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
is	O
widely	O
recognized	O
,	O
its	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
remains	O
a	O
mystery	O
.	O

This	O
study	O
investigated	O
the	O
role	O
of	O
the	O
physical	O
form	O
of	O
antigen	B-CHED
(	O
Ag	B-CHED
)	O
in	O
the	O
ensuing	O
reaction	O
when	O
Dirofilaria	B-SPEC
immitis	I-SPEC
-	O
sensitized	O
cats	B-SPEC
are	O
challenged	O
by	O
intravenous	O
(	O
IV	O
)	O
administration	O
of	O
heartworm	O
Ag	B-CHED
.	O

Healthy	O
D	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
immitis	I-SPEC
-	O
naive	O
cats	B-SPEC
(	O
n	O
=	O
23	O
)	O
were	O
sensitized	O
using	O
subcutaneous	O
injections	O
of	O
adjuvanted	O
D	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
immitis	I-SPEC
Ag	O
administered	O
weekly	O
for	O
6	O
weeks	O
.	O

Dyspnea	B-DISO
increased	O
significantly	O
after	O
challenge	O
in	O
all	O
three	O
groups	O
(	O
p	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
001	O
;	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
04	O
,	O
and	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
002	O
,	O
respectively	O
),	O
and	O
blood	B-PROC
oxygen	B-CHED
saturation	I-PROC
dropped	O
post	O
-	O
challenge	O
in	O
the	O
Dead	B-PROC
Worm	O
(	O
p	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
001	O
)	O
and	O
the	O
20	O
ng	O
/	O
mL	O
Ag	O
(	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
002	O
)	O
groups	O
.	O

Clinical	O
observations	O
included	O
dyspnea	B-DISO
,	O
gastrointestinal	O
signs	O
(	O
retching	B-DISO
,	O
defecation	B-PROC
,	O
or	O
flatulence	B-DISO
),	O
urination	B-PROC
,	O
and	O
less	O
commonly	O
,	O
hemorrhage	B-DISO
from	O
the	O
nostrils	B-ANAT
or	O
anus	B-ANAT
,	O
or	O
cutaneous	O
swelling	B-DISO
(	O
general	O
or	O
specifically	O
facial	B-ANAT
).	O

The	O
most	O
common	O
and	O
reliable	O
hematologic	O
change	O
associated	O
with	O
severe	O
clinical	O
effects	O
of	O
D	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
immitis	I-SPEC
Ag	O
challenge	O
was	O
increased	O
hematocrit	O
,	O
which	O
was	O
statistically	O
higher	O
after	O
challenge	O
than	O
at	O
baseline	O
in	O
the	O
Dead	B-PROC
Worm	O
group	O
(	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
012	O
).	O

We	O
report	O
this	O
case	O
to	O
highlight	O
the	O
diagnostic	O
difficulty	O
in	O
children	O
suffering	B-DISO
from	O
GBS	B-DISO
who	O
have	O
respiratory	O
involvement	O
as	O
the	O
main	O
clinical	B-DISO
findings	I-DISO
on	O
presentation	O
.	O

Unexplained	O
weakness	B-DISO
,	O
together	O
with	O
respiratory	O
involvement	O
and	O
associated	O
dysautonomia	B-DISO
,	O
should	O
support	O
the	O
possibility	O
of	O
GBS	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Mouse	B-SPEC
hepatitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
liver	B-ANAT
pathology	B-DISO
is	O
dependent	O
on	O
ADP	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
ribose	B-CHED
-	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
''-	I-PRGE
phosphatase	B-FUNC
,	O
a	O
viral	O
function	O
conserved	O
in	O
the	O
alpha	O
-	O
like	O
supergroup	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Viral	O
infection	O
of	O
the	O
liver	B-ANAT
can	O
lead	O
to	O
severe	O
tissue	B-ANAT
damage	O
when	O
high	O
levels	O
of	O
viral	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
and	O
spread	O
in	O
the	O
organ	B-ANAT
are	O
coupled	O
with	O
strong	O
induction	O
of	O
inflammatory	B-DISO
responses	I-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Virus	B-SPEC
infections	B-DISO
are	O
the	O
most	O
common	O
human	B-SPEC
diseases	O
,	O
particularly	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
infections	O
(	O
mostly	O
in	O
children	O
and	O
young	O
adults	O
).	O

In	O
women	O
with	O
cervical	B-ANAT
changes	O
,	O
by	O
application	O
of	O
hybridization	B-PROC
technique	O
in	O
situ	O
,	O
the	O
most	O
frequently	O
identified	O
virus	B-SPEC
genotypes	O
are	O
human	B-SPEC
papilloma	B-DISO
viruses	B-SPEC
16	O
and	O
18	O
(	O
in	O
21	O
.	O
67	O
%),	O
genotypes	O
6	O
and	O
11	O
in	O
8	O
.	O
33	O
%	O
and	O
genotypes	O
31	O
,	O
33	O
and	O
35	O
in	O
3	O
.	O
33	O
%	O
examined	O
women	O
.	O

We	O
characterised	O
the	O
patient	O
population	O
suffering	B-DISO
from	O
in	O
-	O
hospital	O
PE	O
and	O
identified	O
perioperative	O
risk	O
factors	O
associated	O
with	O
PE	O
using	O
nationally	O
representative	O
data	O
.	O

Twelve	O
healthy	O
pigs	B-SPEC
were	O
randomly	O
divided	O
into	O
two	O
groups	O
according	O
to	O
the	O
body	B-ANAT
posture	O
during	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
after	O
oleic	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
-	O
induced	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
:	O
supine	O
position	O
group	O
and	O
prone	O
position	O
group	O
.	O

In	O
supine	O
group	O
the	O
dorsal	O
regions	O
of	O
the	O
lungs	B-ANAT
showed	O
more	O
severe	O
injury	O
than	O
that	O
in	O
prone	O
group	O
(	O
12	O
.	O
00	O
+/-	O
1	O
.	O
69	O
vs	O
.	O
6	O
.	O
03	O
+/-	O
1	O
.	O
56	O
,	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
).	O

In	O
supine	O
group	O
the	O
dorsal	O
regions	O
of	O
the	O
lungs	B-ANAT
showed	O
more	O
severe	O
injury	O
than	O
that	O
in	O
prone	O
group	O
(	O
12	O
.	O
00	O
+/-	O
1	O
.	O
69	O
vs	O
.	O
6	O
.	O
03	O
+/-	O
1	O
.	O
56	O
,	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Papular	O
cutaneous	O
lesions	O
in	O
a	O
cat	B-SPEC
associated	O
with	O
feline	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
peritonitis	I-DISO
.	O

After	O
internalization	O
,	O
the	O
viral	B-PRGE
antigen	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
antibody	B-COMP
complexes	O
passed	O
through	O
the	O
early	O
endosomes	O
,	O
where	O
they	O
resided	O
only	O
briefly	O
,	O
and	O
accumulated	O
in	O
the	O
late	O
endosomes	O
.	O

In	O
both	O
assays	O
,	O
we	O
find	O
that	O
the	O
NL63	B-PRGE
S	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
has	O
a	O
weaker	O
interaction	O
with	O
ACE	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
than	O
the	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
S	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
,	O
particularly	O
in	O
solution	O
binding	B-FUNC
,	O
but	O
the	O
residues	O
required	O
for	O
contact	O
are	O
similar	O
.	O

This	O
newly	O
discovered	O
enzymatic	B-PROC
activity	I-PROC
places	O
PP11	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
like	I-PRGE
proteins	I-PRGE
in	O
a	O
completely	O
new	O
perspective	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
is	O
an	O
emerging	O
disease	O
derived	O
from	O
wild	O
animals	O
and	O
is	O
highly	O
pathogenic	O
with	O
a	O
high	O
mortality	O
.	O

A	O
novel	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
SARS	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
was	O
identified	O
to	O
be	O
a	O
causative	O
agent	O
for	O
SARS	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
lower	O
limits	O
of	O
the	O
95	O
%	O
confidence	O
interval	O
(	O
CI	O
)	O
of	O
the	O
R	O
of	O
IBV	B-SPEC
H120	O
vaccine	O
,	O
and	O
of	O
IBV	B-SPEC
M41	O
,	O
were	O
significantly	O
<	O
1	O
.	O

These	O
findings	O
increase	O
our	O
understanding	O
of	O
the	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Respiratory	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
unique	O
to	O
Asia	O
.	O

Pulmonary	B-DISO
eosinophilia	I-DISO
,	O
endemic	O
in	O
parts	O
of	O
Asia	O
,	O
could	O
occur	O
with	O
a	O
wide	O
range	O
of	O
tropical	O
infections	B-DISO
.	O

To	O
measure	O
exposure	O
rates	O
to	O
these	O
four	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
strains	O
(	O
229E	O
,	O
HKU1	O
,	O
NL63	O
,	O
and	O
OC43	O
),	O
we	O
devised	O
an	O
immunoassay	O
based	O
on	O
amino	O
-	O
and	O
carboxy	B-CHED
-	O
terminally	O
tagged	O
recombinant	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
nucleocapsid	B-COMP
antigens	B-CHED
.	O

The	O
proportion	O
of	O
seropositive	O
adults	O
for	O
each	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
was	O
as	O
follows	O
:	O
229E	O
,	O
91	O
.	O
3	O
%;	O
HKU1	O
,	O
59	O
.	O
2	O
%;	O
NL63	O
,	O
91	O
.	O
8	O
%;	O
and	O
OC43	O
,	O
90	O
.	O
8	O
%.	O

No	O
evidence	O
of	O
a	O
significant	O
serological	O
response	O
to	O
the	O
feline	B-SPEC
coronavirus	B-SPEC
was	O
observed	O
.	O

The	O
incidence	O
of	O
tuberculosis	B-PATH
and	O
the	O
proportion	O
of	O
disseminated	O
disease	O
increase	O
with	O
more	O
severe	O
immuno	O
-	O
suppression	B-DISO
.	O

It	O
is	O
essential	O
that	O
physicians	O
who	O
care	O
for	O
patients	O
during	O
the	O
post	O
extubation	O
period	O
are	O
aware	O
of	O
this	O
severe	O
and	O
life	O
threatening	O
cause	O
of	O
stridor	B-DISO
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
It	O
is	O
essential	O
that	O
physicians	O
who	O
care	O
for	O
patients	O
during	O
the	O
post	O
extubation	O
period	O
are	O
aware	O
of	O
this	O
severe	O
and	O
life	O
threatening	O
cause	O
of	O
stridor	B-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
analyze	O
the	O
association	O
of	O
a	O
previous	O
history	O
of	O
varicella	O
virus	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
with	O
multiple	B-DISO
sclerosis	I-DISO
(	O
MS	O
)	O
and	O
its	O
subtypes	O
.	O

Patients	O
with	O
a	O
history	O
of	O
VZV	B-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
had	O
a	O
threefold	O
risk	O
increase	O
of	O
having	O
MS	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Prevention	O
of	O
cytotoxic	B-ANAT
T	I-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
escape	O
using	O
a	O
heteroclitic	O
subdominant	O
viral	O
T	B-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
determinant	O
.	O

We	O
used	O
the	O
consensus	O
peptide	B-CHED
-	O
binding	B-FUNC
motif	O
for	O
the	O
Major	B-PRGE
Histocompatibility	I-PRGE
Complex	I-PRGE
molecule	I-PRGE
H	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
2K	I-PRGE
(	I-PRGE
b	I-PRGE
)	I-PRGE
to	O
design	O
a	O
heteroclitic	O
version	O
of	O
the	O
mouse	B-DISO
hepatitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
-	O
specific	O
subdominant	O
S598	O
determinant	O
.	O

Collectively	O
,	O
our	O
findings	O
provide	O
a	O
basis	O
for	O
the	O
enhanced	O
immunogenicity	O
of	O
an	O
engineered	O
determinant	O
that	O
will	O
serve	O
as	O
a	O
template	O
for	O
guiding	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
heteroclitic	O
T	B-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
determinants	O
with	O
applications	O
in	O
prevention	O
of	O
CTL	B-ANAT
escape	O
in	O
chronic	O
viral	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
as	O
well	O
as	O
in	O
tumor	B-DISO
immunity	I-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Emerging	O
and	O
zoonotic	O
infections	B-DISO
in	O
women	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
structure	O
-	O
activity	O
relationships	O
(	O
SARs	B-DISO
)	O
of	O
N	O
-	O
aryl	O
-	O
O	O
-(	O
2	O
-	O
phthalimidoethyl	O
)	O
thiocarbamates	O
(	O
C	O
-	O
TCs	B-DISO
)	O
and	O
their	O
imide	B-CHED
ring	O
-	O
opened	O
congeners	O
(	O
O	O
-	O
TCs	B-DISO
)	O
as	O
non	O
-	O
nucleoside	B-CHED
HIV	B-CHED
-	I-CHED
1	I-CHED
reverse	B-PROC
transcriptase	I-PROC
inhibitors	I-PROC
were	O
further	O
investigated	O
.	O

The	O
role	O
of	O
stereochemistry	B-PROC
and	O
tert	B-CHED
-	I-CHED
butyl	I-CHED
substitution	O
of	O
the	O
phthalimidoethyl	O
moiety	O
on	O
activity	O
was	O
also	O
investigated	O
.	O

Docking	B-PROC
simulations	O
helped	O
to	O
rationalize	O
the	O
SARs	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
LNA	B-CHED
probe	O
-	O
based	O
real	O
-	O
time	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
for	O
the	O
detection	O
of	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
from	O
the	O
oviduct	B-ANAT
of	O
unvaccinated	O
and	O
vaccinated	O
laying	O
hens	O
.	O

The	O
present	O
test	O
will	O
be	O
useful	O
for	O
the	O
rapid	O
identification	O
of	O
IBV	B-SPEC
directly	O
from	O
clinical	O
samples	O
.	O

We	O
constructed	O
truncated	O
recombinant	O
N	O
proteins	B-CHED
(	O
N1	O
[	O
1	O
-	O
422	O
aa	O
],	O
N2	O
[	O
1	O
-	O
109	O
aa	O
],	O
and	O
N3	O
[	O
110	O
-	O
422	O
aa	O
])	O
and	O
determined	O
their	O
antigenicity	O
by	O
Western	O
blotting	O
using	O
convalescent	O
SARS	B-DISO
serum	B-COMP
.	O

The	O
recombinants	O
containing	O
N1	O
and	O
N3	O
reacted	O
with	O
convalescent	O
SARS	B-DISO
serum	B-COMP
in	O
Western	O
blotting	O
.	O

These	O
results	O
suggest	O
that	O
the	O
middle	O
or	O
C	O
-	O
terminal	O
region	O
of	O
the	O
SARS	O
N	O
protein	B-CHED
is	O
important	O
for	O
eliciting	O
antibodies	B-COMP
against	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
during	O
the	O
immune	B-PROC
response	I-PROC
,	O
and	O
ELISA	O
reactions	O
using	O
N1	O
or	O
N3	O
may	O
be	O
a	O
valuable	O
tool	O
for	O
SARS	B-DISO
diagnosis	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
PLP2	B-PRGE
,	O
a	O
potent	O
deubiquitinase	B-PROC
from	O
murine	B-DISO
hepatitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
,	O
strongly	O
inhibits	O
cellular	B-COMP
type	B-PROC
I	I-PROC
interferon	I-PROC
production	I-PROC
.	O

After	O
purification	O
by	O
affinity	O
chromatography	O
,	O
the	O
protein	B-CHED
identities	O
were	O
confirmed	O
by	O
western	O
blot	O
analysis	O
,	O
N	O
-	O
terminal	O
sequencing	O
and	O
mass	O
spectrometry	O
.	O

Operative	O
procedures	O
included	O
thoracotomy	O
with	O
radical	B-CHED
surgical	O
debridement	O
of	O
the	O
mediastinum	B-ANAT
and	O
excision	O
of	O
necrotic	B-PROC
tissue	B-ANAT
associated	O
with	O
transcervical	O
surgical	O
debridement	O
and	O
drainage	B-ANAT
.	O

Most	O
commonly	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
instituted	O
in	O
an	O
emergency	B-DISO
or	O
urgent	O
situation	O
after	O
failure	O
of	O
other	O
treatment	O
modalities	O
.	O

The	O
indications	O
for	O
veno	O
-	O
venous	B-ANAT
ECMO	O
are	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
,	O
most	O
commonly	O
due	O
to	O
adult	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
),	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
,	O
trauma	O
or	O
primary	B-DISO
graft	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
following	O
lung	B-ANAT
transplantation	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
An	O
epidemic	O
of	O
severe	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
occurred	O
in	O
Taiwan	O
from	O
April	O
to	O
July	O
2003	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Human	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
229E	I-SPEC
,	O
classified	O
as	O
a	O
group	O
I	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
,	O
utilizes	O
human	B-SPEC
aminopeptidase	B-PRGE
N	I-PRGE
(	O
APN	B-PRGE
)	O
as	O
a	O
receptor	O
;	O
however	O
,	O
its	O
entry	O
mechanism	O
has	O
not	O
yet	O
been	O
fully	O
elucidated	O
.	O

For	O
helicase	B-PRGE
,	O
spike	O
,	O
and	O
nucleocapsid	B-COMP
,	O
they	O
were	O
also	O
clustered	O
with	O
a	O
CoV	O
recently	O
discovered	O
in	O
Asian	O
leopard	B-SPEC
cats	I-SPEC
,	O
for	O
which	O
the	O
complete	O
genome	O
sequence	O
was	O
not	O
available	O
.	O

Expressed	B-PROC
nucleocapsid	B-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
produced	O
two	O
distinct	O
proteins	B-CHED
(	O
52	O
and	O
43	O
kDa	O
);	O
their	O
specificity	O
was	O
confirmed	O
by	O
Western	O
blotting	O
using	O
two	O
different	O
monoclonal	O
antibodies	B-COMP
.	O

Recombinant	B-PRGE
N	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
was	O
purified	O
and	O
used	O
as	O
an	O
antigen	B-CHED
to	O
develop	O
an	O
enzyme	O
-	O
linked	O
immunosorbent	O
assay	O
(	O
ELISA	O
)	O
for	O
the	O
serological	O
detection	O
of	O
TCoV	O
that	O
was	O
then	O
validated	O
using	O
experimentally	O
derived	O
turkey	B-SPEC
serum	B-COMP
.	O

Similarly	O
,	O
a	O
high	O
field	O
prevalence	O
was	O
found	O
in	O
the	O
turkeys	B-SPEC
from	O
Arkansas	O
,	O
for	O
which	O
64	O
.	O
2	O
%	O
of	O
the	O
serum	B-COMP
samples	O
tested	O
seropositive	O
.	O

The	O
purpose	O
of	O
this	O
study	O
was	O
to	O
develop	O
,	O
deliver	O
,	O
and	O
evaluate	O
a	O
participatory	O
leadership	O
training	O
program	O
for	O
emergency	B-DISO
response	O
.	O

Survival	O
in	O
MHV	B-SPEC
-	O
CXCL9	O
-	O
infected	O
CXCL9	O
-/-	O
mice	B-SPEC
was	O
associated	O
with	O
reduced	O
viral	O
burden	O
within	O
the	O
brain	B-ANAT
that	O
coincided	O
with	O
increased	O
T	B-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
infiltration	B-DISO
.	O

Because	O
sera	B-PRGE
endotoxins	I-PRGE
were	O
elevated	O
,	O
she	O
was	O
treated	O
by	O
endotoxin	O
adsorption	O
therapy	O
on	O
hospital	O
day	O
3	O
.	O

All	O
were	O
thought	O
to	O
be	O
well	O
after	O
birth	B-PROC
.	O

Seven	O
infants	O
became	O
severely	O
encephalopathic	O
,	O
with	O
severely	O
abnormal	O
EEG	O
/	O
aEEG	O
recorded	O
within	O
12	O
h	O
.	O
MRI	O
showed	O
acute	O
severe	O
hypoxic	B-DISO
-	O
ischaemic	O
injury	O
.	O

Macro	O
domains	O
are	O
also	O
encoded	O
by	O
a	O
set	O
of	O
positive	O
-	O
strand	O
RNA	O
viruses	B-SPEC
that	O
replicate	O
in	O
the	O
cytoplasm	B-COMP
of	O
animal	B-SPEC
cells	B-COMP
,	O
including	O
coronaviruses	O
and	O
alphaviruses	B-SPEC
.	O

We	O
have	O
here	O
characterized	O
three	O
novel	O
human	B-PRGE
macro	I-PRGE
domain	I-PRGE
proteins	B-CHED
that	O
were	O
found	O
to	O
reside	O
either	O
in	O
the	O
cytoplasm	B-COMP
and	O
nucleus	B-COMP
[	O
macro	O
domain	O
protein	B-CHED
2	O
(	O
MDO2	O
)	O
and	O
ganglioside	B-CHED
-	O
induced	O
differentiation	B-PROC
-	O
associated	O
protein	B-CHED
2	O
]	O
or	O
in	O
mitochondria	B-COMP
[	O
macro	O
domain	O
protein	B-CHED
1	O
(	O
MDO1	O
)],	O
and	O
compared	O
them	O
with	O
viral	O
macro	O
domains	O
from	O
Semliki	B-SPEC
Forest	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
,	O
hepatitis	B-SPEC
E	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
,	O
and	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
,	O
and	O
with	O
a	O
yeast	B-SPEC
macro	O
protein	B-CHED
,	O
Poa1p	B-PRGE
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
heptad	O
repeats	O
(	O
HR1	O
and	O
HR2	O
)	O
of	O
the	O
spike	O
protein	B-CHED
of	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
are	O
highly	O
conserved	O
regions	O
forming	O
a	O
critical	O
6	O
-	O
helix	O
bundle	O
during	O
the	O
fusion	O
step	O
of	O
virus	B-SPEC
entry	O
and	O
are	O
attractive	O
targets	O
of	O
entry	O
inhibitors	B-CHED
.	O

A	O
human	O
-	O
mouse	B-SPEC
chimeric	O
antibody	B-COMP
,	O
based	O
upon	O
the	O
original	O
murine	B-SPEC
mAb	O
,	O
was	O
also	O
constructed	O
and	O
shown	O
to	O
possess	B-DISO
good	O
neutralizing	O
activity	O
and	O
high	O
affinity	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
other	O
unknown	O
surface	O
proteins	B-CHED
on	O
A549	O
cells	B-COMP
may	O
be	O
concomitantly	O
utilized	O
by	O
S	B-PRGE
glycoprotein	I-PRGE
of	O
HCoV	O
-	O
HKU1	O
during	O
viral	O
entry	O
.	O

We	O
have	O
developed	O
twin	O
assays	O
(	O
slide	O
agglutination	B-PROC
test	O
[	O
SAT	O
]	O
for	O
CPV	B-PRGE
antigen	B-CHED
and	O
slide	O
inhibition	B-PROC
test	O
[	O
SIT	O
]	O
for	O
CPV	B-SPEC
antibody	B-COMP
)	O
that	O
are	O
sensitive	O
,	O
specific	O
,	O
cost	O
-	O
effective	O
,	O
generic	O
for	O
all	O
genotypes	O
of	O
CPV	B-SPEC
,	O
and	O
provide	O
instant	O
results	O
for	O
CPV	B-PRGE
antigen	B-CHED
detection	O
in	O
feces	B-ANAT
and	O
antibody	B-COMP
quantification	O
in	O
serum	B-COMP
.	O

SAT	B-PRGE
-	O
SIT	B-PRGE
technology	O
will	O
find	O
applications	O
in	O
rapid	O
screening	O
of	O
samples	O
for	O
other	O
hemagglutinating	O
emerging	O
viruses	B-SPEC
of	O
animals	B-SPEC
and	O
humans	B-SPEC
(	O
influenza	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
and	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Broadening	O
of	O
neutralization	O
activity	O
to	O
directly	O
block	O
a	O
dominant	O
antibody	B-COMP
-	O
driven	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
evolution	B-PROC
pathway	B-PROC
.	O

In	O
vitro	O
immune	O
pressure	O
on	O
this	O
epitope	B-CHED
using	O
2002	O
/	O
03	O
strain	O
-	O
specific	O
nAb	B-PRGE
80R	I-PRGE
recapitulated	O
a	O
dominant	O
escape	O
mutation	O
that	O
was	O
present	O
in	O
all	O
2003	O
/	O
04	O
animal	B-SPEC
and	O
human	B-SPEC
viruses	B-SPEC
.	O

The	O
average	O
emergency	B-DISO
service	O
volume	O
was	O
4382	O
+/-	O

The	O
MAPE	O
of	O
the	O
ARIMA	O
(	O
2	O
,	O
1	O
,	O
0	O
)	O
model	O
for	O
the	O
pre	O
-	O
SARS	B-DISO
year	O
was	O
6	O
.	O
9	O
%,	O
and	O
43	O
.	O
2	O
%,	O
10	O
.	O
6	O
%,	O
6	O
.	O
2	O
%	O
for	O
following	O
3	O
years	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
hSARS	O
-	O
CoV	O
is	O
the	O
causative	O
agent	O
for	O
SARS	B-DISO
infection	B-DISO
.	O

Several	O
structural	O
analogues	O
of	O
Q7R	O
,	O
quercetin	B-CHED
,	O
apigenin	B-CHED
,	O
luteolin	B-CHED
and	O
catechin	B-CHED
,	O
also	O
showed	O
moderate	O
anti	O
-	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
activity	O
.	O

Q7R	O
could	O
be	O
considered	O
as	O
a	O
lead	O
compound	O
for	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
anti	O
-	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
drugs	O
to	O
may	O
be	O
used	O
to	O
during	O
the	O
early	O
stage	O
of	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
replication	O
and	O
the	O
structure	O
-	O
activity	O
data	O
of	O
Q7R	O
may	O
usefully	O
guideline	O
to	O
design	O
other	O
related	O
antiviral	B-CHED
agents	I-CHED
.	O

No	O
clear	O
difference	O
existed	O
between	O
the	O
single	O
and	O
dual	O
infected	O
birds	B-SPEC
with	O
respect	O
to	O
inflammatory	O
reactions	O
in	O
the	O
lung	B-ANAT
,	O
which	O
had	O
disappeared	O
within	O
7	O
days	O
,	O
except	O
for	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
more	O
follicles	B-ANAT
in	O
dual	O
infected	O
birds	B-SPEC
.	O

Moreover	O
,	O
a	O
preceding	O
infection	B-DISO
with	O
vaccine	O
or	O
virulent	O
IBV	B-SPEC
does	O
not	O
seem	O
to	O
impair	O
the	O
clearance	O
of	O
E	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
coli	I-SPEC
in	O
the	O
respiratory	B-ANAT
tract	I-ANAT
of	O
broilers	O
,	O
but	O
rather	O
induces	O
an	O
exaggerated	O
inflammatory	B-DISO
response	I-DISO
in	O
the	O
airsacs	O
only	O
,	O
which	O
seems	O
to	O
be	O
the	O
mechanism	O
behind	O
the	O
pattern	O
of	O
airsacculitis	B-DISO
in	O
commercial	O
poultry	O
in	O
the	O
field	O
.	O

Although	O
SARS	B-DISO
likely	O
stems	B-ANAT
from	O
overexuberant	O
host	B-COMP
inflammatory	B-DISO
responses	I-DISO
,	O
the	O
exact	O
mechanism	O
leading	O
to	O
the	O
detrimental	O
outcome	O
in	O
patients	O
remains	O
unknown	O
.	O

To	O
study	O
this	O
,	O
we	O
established	O
highly	O
polarized	O
human	B-SPEC
lung	B-ANAT
epithelial	O
Calu	O
-	O
3	O
cells	B-COMP
by	O
using	O
the	O
Transwell	O
culture	O
system	O
.	O

Well	O
-	O
trained	O
technologists	O
and	O
microbiologists	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
introduction	O
of	O
new	O
technologies	O
,	O
will	O
facilitate	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
a	O
wide	O
variety	O
of	O
molecular	O
tests	O
for	O
other	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
at	O
public	O
health	O
laboratories	O
geographically	O
distant	O
from	O
Toronto	O
,	O
thus	O
enhancing	O
overall	O
laboratory	O
testing	O
capacity	O
in	O
the	O
province	O
of	O
Ontario	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Respiratory	O
acidosis	O
can	O
become	O
a	O
serious	O
problem	O
during	O
protective	O
ventilation	O
of	O
severe	O
lung	B-ANAT
failure	O
.	O

In	O
a	O
cohort	O
of	O
96	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
,	O
haemodynamic	O
parameters	O
,	O
oxygen	B-CHED
consumption	O
and	O
carbon	B-CHED
dioxide	I-CHED
production	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
gas	B-ENZY
transfer	O
through	O
the	O
iLA	B-PRGE
were	O
analysed	O
.	O

Interventional	O
lung	B-ANAT
assist	O
eliminates	O
approximately	O
50	O
%	O
of	O
calculated	O
total	O
carbon	B-CHED
dioxide	I-CHED
production	O
with	O
rapid	O
normalisation	O
of	O
respiratory	B-DISO
acidosis	I-DISO
.	O

A	O
real	O
-	O
time	O
PCR	O
assay	O
was	O
developed	O
for	O
the	O
detection	O
of	O
CRCoV	O
.	O
The	O
assay	O
was	O
validated	O
against	O
cell	B-COMP
culture	O
grown	O
virus	B-SPEC
and	O
shown	O
to	O
have	O
a	O
high	O
level	O
of	O
sensitivity	O
.	O

A	O
range	O
of	O
tissue	B-ANAT
samples	O
were	O
collected	O
from	O
dogs	B-SPEC
at	O
a	O
re	O
-	O
homing	O
centre	O
with	O
a	O
history	O
of	O
endemic	O
respiratory	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
.	O

In	O
conclusion	O
,	O
CRCoV	O
appears	O
to	O
infect	O
the	O
upper	B-ANAT
respiratory	I-ANAT
tract	I-ANAT
preferentially	O
.	O

Avicel	O
,	O
agarose	B-CHED
and	O
carboxymethyl	B-CHED
-	O
cellulose	B-CHED
overlays	O
proved	O
suitable	O
for	O
plaque	B-DISO
assays	O
.	O

HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
NL63	I-SPEC
virus	B-SPEC
stock	O
of	O
increased	O
infectivity	O
will	O
be	O
beneficial	O
in	O
antiviral	B-CHED
screening	O
,	O
animal	B-SPEC
modelling	O
of	O
disease	O
,	O
and	O
other	O
experimental	O
tasks	O
.	O

National	O
strategies	O
include	O
source	O
surveillance	O
and	O
control	O
,	O
adequate	O
stockpiles	O
of	O
anti	O
-	O
viral	O
agents	O
,	O
timely	O
production	O
of	O
flu	B-DISO
vaccines	O
and	O
healthcare	O
system	O
readiness	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Techniques	O
of	O
extracorporeal	O
lung	B-ANAT
support	O
].	O

Consequently	O
,	O
vaccine	O
-	O
induced	O
enhancement	O
has	O
been	O
a	O
major	O
stumble	O
block	O
in	O
the	O
development	O
of	O
certain	O
flavi	O
-,	O
corona	B-CHED
-,	O
paramyxo	O
-,	O
and	O
lentivirus	B-SPEC
vaccines	O
.	O

The	O
results	O
showed	O
that	O
substitution	B-PROC
mutation	I-PROC
of	O
a	O
conserved	O
Gly	B-CHED
(	O
G98	O
)	O
residue	O
in	O
the	O
C	O
-	O
terminal	O
alpha	O
-	O
helix	O
domain	O
with	O
an	O
Asp	B-CHED
greatly	O
destabilized	O
the	O
IBV	B-SPEC
nsp9	I-PRGE
homodimer	I-PRGE
and	O
abolished	O
its	O
RNA	O
-	O
binding	O
activity	O
.	O

Meanwhile	O
,	O
mutations	O
of	O
some	O
positively	O
charged	O
residues	O
in	O
the	O
beta	O
-	O
barrel	O
regions	O
of	O
the	O
IBV	B-PRGE
nsp9	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
significantly	O
reduced	O
its	O
RNA	O
-	O
binding	B-PROC
activity	I-PROC
,	O
but	O
with	O
no	O
obvious	O
effect	O
on	O
dimerization	O
of	O
the	O
protein	B-CHED
.	O

Introduction	O
of	O
these	O
mutations	O
into	O
the	O
viral	B-COMP
genome	I-COMP
showed	O
only	O
mild	O
to	O
moderate	O
effects	O
on	O
the	O
growth	B-PROC
and	O
infectivity	O
of	O
the	O
rescued	O
mutant	B-DISO
viruses	B-SPEC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Turkey	B-SPEC
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
TCoV	O
)	O
polyprotein	O
was	O
predicted	O
to	O
be	O
cleaved	B-ANAT
into	O
15	O
non	O
-	O
structural	O
proteins	B-CHED
(	O
nsp2	B-PRGE
to	O
nsp16	O
),	O
but	O
none	O
of	O
these	O
nsps	O
have	O
been	O
characterized	O
.	O

TCoV	O
nsp15	O
consists	O
of	O
338	O
residues	O
and	O
shares	O
40	O
%	O
sequence	O
similarity	O
to	O
U	O
-	O
specific	O
Nidovirales	B-SPEC
endoribonuclease	O
(	O
NendoU	O
)	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
.	O

No	O
divalent	O
metal	B-CHED
ion	O
was	O
required	O
for	O
in	O
vitro	O
enzymatic	B-PROC
activity	I-PROC
of	O
the	O
TCoV	O
nsp15	O
.	O

The	O
active	O
form	O
of	O
the	O
TCoV	O
nsp15	O
was	O
a	O
homohexamer	O
and	O
disulfide	B-CHED
bond	O
was	O
essential	O
for	O
the	O
enzymatic	B-PROC
activity	I-PROC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Propagation	O
of	O
new	O
human	O
respiratory	O
virus	B-SPEC
pathogens	O
in	O
established	O
cell	B-ANAT
lines	I-ANAT
is	O
hampered	O
by	O
a	O
lack	O
of	O
predictability	O
regarding	O
cell	B-ANAT
line	I-ANAT
permissivity	O
and	O
by	O
availability	O
of	O
suitable	O
antibody	B-COMP
reagents	B-CHED
to	O
detect	O
infection	B-DISO
in	O
cell	B-ANAT
lines	I-ANAT
that	O
do	O
not	O
exhibit	O
significant	O
cytopathic	B-DISO
effect	I-DISO
.	O

The	O
goal	O
of	O
the	O
experiments	O
described	O
here	O
was	O
to	O
determine	O
if	O
propagation	O
and	O
identification	O
of	O
a	O
human	B-SPEC
respiratory	O
virus	B-SPEC
may	O
be	O
achieved	O
through	O
inoculation	O
of	O
HAE	O
cultures	O
followed	O
by	O
whole	O
transcriptome	O
amplification	O
(	O
WTA	O
)	O
and	O
sequence	O
analysis	O
.	O

Initial	O
propagation	O
of	O
human	B-SPEC
respiratory	O
secretions	B-ANAT
onto	O
HAE	O
cultures	O
followed	O
by	O
TEM	B-COMP
and	O
WTA	O
of	O
culture	O
supernatant	O
may	O
be	O
a	O
useful	O
approach	O
for	O
visualization	O
and	O
detection	O
of	O
new	O
human	B-SPEC
respiratory	O
pathogens	O
that	O
have	O
eluded	O
identification	O
by	O
traditional	O
approaches	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Treatment	O
of	O
accidental	O
hypothermia	O
with	O
cardiopulmonary	B-ANAT
bypass	O
:	O
a	O
case	O
report	O
.	O

The	O
chest	B-ANAT
X	O
-	O
ray	B-SPEC
showed	O
some	O
signs	O
of	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
in	O
spite	O
of	O
normal	O
blood	B-PROC
gas	B-ENZY
values	O
.	O

Intriguingly	O
,	O
only	O
the	O
non	O
-	O
G	O
-	O
quadruplex	O
aptamers	O
showed	O
specific	O
inhibition	B-PROC
of	O
helicase	B-PRGE
activities	O
,	O
whereas	O
the	O
G	O
-	O
quadruplex	O
aptamers	O
did	O
not	O
inhibit	O
helicase	B-PRGE
activities	O
.	O

This	O
study	O
used	O
a	O
broad	O
capture	O
,	O
rapid	O
and	O
sensitive	O
method	O
(	O
multiplex	O
PCR	O
assay	O
)	O
to	O
detect	O
20	O
different	O
respiratory	O
pathogens	O
including	O
influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
subtypes	O
H1	O
,	O
H3	O
,	O
and	O
H5	O
;	O
influenza	B-DISO
B	O
;	O
parainfluenza	B-DISO
types	O
1	O
,	O
2	O
,	O
3	O
,	O
and	O
4	O
;	O
respiratory	B-SPEC
syncytial	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
RSV	B-SPEC
)	O
groups	O
A	O
and	O
B	O
;	O
adenoviruses	B-SPEC
;	O
human	B-SPEC
rhinoviruses	B-SPEC
;	O
enteroviruses	B-SPEC
;	O
human	B-SPEC
metapneumoviruses	B-SPEC
;	O
human	B-SPEC
coronaviruses	O
OC43	O
,	O
229E	O
,	O
and	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
;	O
Chlamydophila	B-SPEC
pneumoniae	I-SPEC
;	O
Legionella	B-SPEC
pneumophila	I-SPEC
;	O
and	O
Mycoplasma	B-SPEC
pneumoniae	I-SPEC
;	O
from	O
respiratory	O
specimens	O
of	O
475	O
children	O
hospitalized	O
over	O
a	O
12	O
-	O
month	O
period	O
for	O
acute	O
respiratory	B-DISO
tract	I-DISO
infections	I-DISO
.	O

However	O
,	O
in	O
some	O
patients	O
,	O
long	O
-	O
term	O
durability	O
is	O
limited	O
due	O
to	O
fibrous	O
and	O
cellular	B-COMP
accumulations	O
on	O
the	O
gas	B-ENZY
exchange	O
surface	O
which	O
can	O
increase	O
resistance	B-PROC
to	O
blood	B-PROC
flow	I-PROC
and	O
diffusion	O
path	O
.	O

Recent	O
advances	O
in	O
molecular	O
microbiology	O
have	O
made	O
it	O
possible	O
to	O
diagnose	O
a	O
growing	O
number	O
of	O
community	O
-	O
acquired	O
viral	O
pathogens	O
infecting	O
transplant	B-ANAT
recipients	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Isolation	O
and	O
genomic	O
sequence	O
analysis	O
of	O
porcine	B-DISO
transmissible	I-DISO
gastroenteritis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
].	O

Experimental	O
infection	B-DISO
of	O
dogs	B-SPEC
with	O
a	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
-	O
like	O
isolate	O
induced	O
mild	O
gastroenteritis	B-DISO
without	O
any	O
systemic	O
involvement	O
.	O

The	O
ability	O
to	O
design	O
and	O
recover	B-PROC
pathogens	O
reconstituted	O
from	O
synthesized	O
cDNAs	O
has	O
the	O
potential	O
to	O
overcome	O
these	O
obstacles	O
by	O
allowing	O
studies	O
of	O
replication	O
and	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
without	O
identification	O
of	O
reservoir	O
species	B-SPEC
or	O
cultivation	O
of	O
primary	O
isolates	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
The	O
expression	B-PROC
and	O
antigenicity	O
of	O
a	O
truncated	O
spike	O
-	O
nucleocapsid	B-COMP
fusion	O
protein	B-CHED
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
-	O
associated	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
.	O

Genes	O
encoding	O
truncated	O
nucleocapsid	B-COMP
(	O
N	O
)	O
and	O
spike	O
(	O
S	O
)	O
proteins	B-CHED
of	O
SARSCoV	O
were	O
cloned	O
into	O
the	O
expression	B-PROC
vector	O
pQE30	O
and	O
fusionally	O
expressed	B-PROC
in	O
Escherichia	B-SPEC
coli	I-SPEC
M15	O
.	O

This	O
polypeptide	B-CHED
cocktail	O
was	O
also	O
used	O
to	O
set	O
up	O
an	O
ELISA	O
-	O
based	O
IgG	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
plus	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
IgM	I-PRGE
antibody	I-PRGE
detection	O
test	O
,	O
which	O
showed	O
99	O
%	O
specificity	O
and	O
90	O
%	O
sensitivity	O
upon	O
evaluation	O
using	O
sera	B-COMP
from	O
100	O
healthy	O
negative	O
controls	O
and	O
20	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
.	O

Nasal	B-ANAT
secretions	B-ANAT
from	O
58	O
patients	O
with	O
symptoms	O
of	O
a	O
common	B-DISO
cold	I-DISO
,	O
from	O
three	O
clinical	O
centers	O
(	O
Amsterdam	O
,	O
Lodz	O
,	O
Oslo	O
),	O
were	O
obtained	O
by	O
four	O
different	O
methods	O
:	O
swab	O
,	O
aspirate	B-ANAT
,	O
brush	O
,	O
and	O
wash	O
.	O

In	O
each	O
patient	O
all	O
four	O
sampling	O
procedures	O
were	O
performed	O
and	O
patient	O
discomfort	B-DISO
was	O
evaluated	O
by	O
a	O
visual	B-DISO
discomfort	I-DISO
scale	O
(	O
scale	O
1	O
-	O
5	O
)	O
after	O
each	O
procedure	O
.	O

During	O
their	O
hospitalization	O
,	O
40	O
(	O
57	O
%)	O
developed	O
abnormal	O
x	O
-	O
ray	B-SPEC
findings	O
,	O
74	O
%	O
of	O
those	O
within	O
the	O
first	O
day	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
B	B-ANAT
-	I-ANAT
cell	B-COMP
activation	I-PROC
in	O
cats	B-SPEC
with	O
feline	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
peritonitis	I-DISO
(	O
FIP	B-DISO
)	O
by	O
FIP	B-DISO
-	O
virus	B-SPEC
-	O
induced	O
B	B-ANAT
-	I-ANAT
cell	B-COMP
differentiation	I-PROC
/	O
survival	O
factors	O
.	O

In	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
severity	O
score	O
,	O
chest	B-ANAT
X	O
-	O
ray	B-SPEC
film	O
score	O
was	O
higher	O
in	O
the	O
group	O
of	O
fatalities	O
than	O
in	O
the	O
survival	O
group	O
.	O

In	O
the	O
survival	O
cases	O
,	O
sivelestat	O
had	O
been	O
administered	O
earlier	O
than	O
in	O
the	O
cases	O
that	O
died	B-PROC
.	O

Thus	O
,	O
we	O
discuss	O
the	O
biochemistry	O
of	O
HIV	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
protease	I-PRGE
,	O
inhibitor	B-CHED
development	B-PROC
,	O
clinical	O
use	O
of	O
inhibitors	B-CHED
,	O
and	O
evolution	B-PROC
of	O
resistance	B-PROC
.	O

At	O
this	O
time	O
,	O
interest	O
in	O
developing	O
inhibitors	B-CHED
is	O
limited	O
to	O
viruses	B-SPEC
that	O
cause	O
chronic	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
,	O
viruses	B-SPEC
that	O
have	O
the	O
potential	O
to	O
cause	O
large	O
-	O
scale	O
epidemics	O
,	O
or	O
viruses	B-SPEC
that	O
are	O
sufficiently	O
ubiquitous	O
that	O
treating	O
an	O
acute	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
would	O
be	O
beneficial	O
even	O
if	O
the	O
infection	B-DISO
was	O
ultimately	O
self	O
-	O
limiting	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
pharyngeal	B-ANAT
-	O
cervical	B-ANAT
-	O
brachial	O
variant	O
of	O
Guillain	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
Barre	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
GBS	B-DISO
)	O
is	O
rare	O
.	O

The	O
most	O
striking	O
immunological	O
finding	O
was	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
positive	O
IgG	B-PRGE
anti	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
GQ1b	I-PRGE
,	O
IgM	B-PRGE
anti	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
GMI	I-PRGE
and	O
IgM	B-PRGE
anti	O
-	O
asialo	B-CHED
GM1	I-CHED
titres	O
.	O

After	O
cross	O
-	O
foster	O
rederivation	O
,	O
mice	B-SPEC
were	O
tested	O
for	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
Helicobacter	B-SPEC
spp	B-ENZY
.	O

The	O
use	O
of	O
cross	O
-	O
foster	O
rederivation	O
alone	O
was	O
unsuccessful	O
for	O
the	O
elimination	B-PROC
of	O
Syphacia	B-SPEC
obvelata	I-SPEC
.	O

We	O
demonstrated	O
a	O
strategy	O
,	O
tetramer	O
-	O
guided	O
epitope	B-CHED
mapping	O
,	O
that	O
specific	O
CD4	B-PRGE
+	I-PRGE
T	B-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
epitopes	O
can	O
be	O
identified	O
by	O
using	O
PBMC	O
from	O
subjects	O
that	O
have	O
not	O
been	O
exposed	O
to	O
the	O
infectious	B-DISO
organism	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
innate	O
immune	O
system	O
guards	O
against	O
virus	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
through	O
a	O
variety	O
of	O
mechanisms	O
including	O
mobilization	O
of	O
the	O
host	B-COMP
interferon	B-PRGE
system	O
,	O
which	O
attacks	O
viral	O
products	O
mainly	O
at	O
a	O
posttranscriptional	O
level	O
.	O

Interestingly	O
,	O
cells	O
lacking	O
an	O
interferon	B-PRGE
response	O
were	O
drug	O
resistant	O
,	O
suggesting	O
that	O
the	O
compounds	O
block	O
interactions	O
between	O
NS1	B-DISO
and	O
the	O
interferon	B-PRGE
system	O
.	O

The	O
effects	O
of	O
the	O
compounds	O
were	O
specific	O
to	O
NS1	B-DISO
,	O
because	O
they	O
had	O
no	O
effect	O
on	O
the	O
ability	O
of	O
the	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
papainlike	O
protease	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
to	O
block	O
beta	B-PRGE
interferon	I-PRGE
promoter	I-PRGE
activation	O
.	O

These	O
data	O
demonstrate	O
that	O
the	O
function	O
of	O
NS1	B-DISO
can	O
be	O
modulated	O
by	O
chemical	O
inhibitors	B-CHED
and	O
that	O
such	O
inhibitors	B-CHED
will	O
be	O
useful	O
as	O
probes	O
of	O
biological	B-PROC
function	I-PROC
and	O
as	O
starting	O
points	O
for	O
clinical	O
drug	O
development	B-PROC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Mechanisms	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
pathogenesis	B-DISO
and	O
innate	O
immunomodulation	B-PROC
.	O

These	O
viruses	B-SPEC
have	O
broad	O
or	O
specific	O
host	B-COMP
ranges	O
,	O
suggesting	O
the	O
possibility	O
of	O
novel	O
strategies	O
for	O
targeting	B-PROC
and	O
regulating	O
host	B-COMP
innate	B-DISO
immune	I-DISO
responses	I-DISO
following	O
virus	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
.	O

Using	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
as	O
a	O
model	O
,	O
we	O
review	O
the	O
current	O
literature	O
on	O
the	O
ability	O
of	O
coronaviruses	O
to	O
interact	O
with	O
and	O
modify	O
the	O
host	B-COMP
intracellular	I-COMP
environment	O
during	O
infection	O
.	O

Patients	O
with	O
positive	O
results	O
of	O
either	O
reverse	B-PRGE
transcriptase	I-PRGE
-	O
polymerase	O
chain	O
reaction	O
or	O
antibody	B-COMP
to	O
SARS	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
were	O
defined	O
as	O
SARS	B-DISO
cases	O
and	O
others	O
with	O
negative	O
results	O
as	O
control	O
cases	O
.	O

In	O
contrast	O
,	O
the	O
lowest	O
lymphocyte	B-ANAT
count	O
and	O
the	O
ratio	O
of	O
Pao	B-PROC
(	O
2	O
)	O
to	O
the	O
fraction	O
of	O
inspired	B-PROC
oxygen	B-CHED
were	O
lower	O
in	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
group	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
review	O
the	O
epidemiology	O
of	O
pediatric	O
multiple	O
organ	O
dysfunction	O
syndrome	O
(	O
MODS	B-DISO
)	O
and	O
summarize	O
current	O
concepts	O
regarding	O
the	O
pathophysiology	O
of	O
shock	O
,	O
organ	B-ANAT
dysfunction	O
,	O
and	O
nosocomial	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
in	O
this	O
population	O
.	O

Descriptive	O
scores	O
to	O
estimate	O
the	O
severity	O
of	O
pediatric	O
MODS	B-DISO
have	O
been	O
validated	O
.	O

Unbalanced	O
inflammatory	O
processes	O
and	O
activation	B-PROC
of	I-PROC
coagulation	I-PROC
may	O
lead	O
to	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
capillary	B-ANAT
leak	O
and	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

Nevertheless	O
,	O
further	O
studies	O
are	O
needed	O
to	O
more	O
clearly	O
evaluate	O
what	O
is	O
the	O
long	O
-	O
term	O
outcome	O
of	O
pediatric	O
MODS	B-DISO
.	O

An	O
alternative	O
indirect	O
immunoperoxidase	O
assay	O
(	O
IPA	B-CHED
)	O
is	O
herein	O
described	O
for	O
the	O
detection	O
and	O
titration	O
of	O
these	O
viruses	B-SPEC
.	O

Susceptible	O
cells	B-COMP
are	O
inoculated	O
with	O
serial	O
logarithmic	O
dilutions	O
of	O
samples	O
in	O
a	O
96	O
-	O
well	O
plate	O
.	O

This	O
represents	O
the	O
dilution	O
of	O
a	O
virus	B-SPEC
-	O
containing	O
sample	O
at	O
which	O
half	O
of	O
a	O
series	O
of	O
laboratory	O
wells	O
contain	O
replicating	O
virus	B-SPEC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Detection	O
of	O
new	O
viruses	B-SPEC
by	O
VIDISCA	O
.	O

In	O
this	O
chapter	O
we	O
describe	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
these	O
oligonucleotides	B-CHED
in	O
a	O
one	O
-	O
step	O
(	O
single	O
-	O
tube	O
)	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
,	O
and	O
describe	O
the	O
procedure	O
that	O
we	O
used	O
to	O
extract	O
RNA	O
from	O
turkey	O
feces	B-ANAT
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Detection	O
and	O
sequence	O
characterization	O
of	O
the	O
3	O
'-	O
end	O
of	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
genomes	O
harboring	O
the	O
highly	O
conserved	O
RNA	O
motif	O
s2m	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Identification	O
of	O
sugar	O
residues	O
involved	O
in	O
the	O
binding	B-FUNC
of	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
to	O
porcine	B-SPEC
brush	B-COMP
border	I-COMP
membranes	B-ANAT
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Coronaviruses	O
most	O
often	O
infect	O
the	O
respiratory	O
or	O
intestinal	B-ANAT
tract	I-ANAT
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Systematic	O
assembly	O
and	O
genetic	O
manipulation	O
of	O
the	O
mouse	B-DISO
hepatitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
A59	O
genome	O
.	O

By	O
adding	O
the	O
type	O
IIs	O
restriction	O
site	O
in	O
the	O
proper	O
orientation	O
,	O
subsequent	O
digestion	B-PROC
removes	O
the	O
restriction	O
site	O
and	O
leaves	O
a	O
sticky	O
end	O
comprising	O
the	O
mutation	O
of	O
interest	O
ready	O
to	O
ligate	O
to	O
a	O
second	O
fragment	O
generated	O
in	O
parallel	O
as	O
its	O
complement	O
.	O

Vaccinia	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
as	O
a	O
vector	O
for	O
the	O
full	O
-	O
length	O
IBV	B-SPEC
cDNA	O
has	O
the	O
advantage	O
that	O
modifications	O
can	O
be	O
introduced	O
into	O
the	O
IBV	B-SPEC
cDNA	O
using	O
homologous	B-PATH
recombination	I-PATH
,	O
a	O
method	O
frequently	O
used	O
to	O
insert	O
and	O
delete	O
sequences	O
from	O
the	O
vaccinia	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
genome	O
.	O

They	O
have	O
been	O
applied	O
to	O
the	O
generation	O
of	O
recombinant	O
coronaviruses	O
,	O
selectable	O
replicon	O
RNAs	O
,	O
and	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
-	O
based	O
vectors	O
for	O
heterologous	O
gene	B-PROC
expression	I-PROC
.	O

Initially	O
,	O
the	O
vaccinia	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
-	O
based	O
reverse	O
genetic	O
system	O
was	O
established	O
for	O
the	O
generation	O
of	O
recombinant	O
human	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
229E	I-SPEC
.	O

Recombinant	O
viruses	B-SPEC
are	O
then	O
isolated	O
on	O
the	O
basis	O
of	O
their	O
regained	O
natural	O
(	O
e	O
.	O
g	O
.,	O
murine	B-SPEC
or	O
feline	B-SPEC
)	O
cell	B-COMP
tropism	B-PROC
.	O

The	O
hybridomas	B-ANAT
produce	O
monoclonal	O
antibodies	B-COMP
that	O
recognize	O
viral	B-ANAT
component	I-ANAT
molecules	O
,	O
including	O
the	O
spike	O
protein	B-CHED
(	O
S	O
)	O
and	O
the	O
nucleocapsid	B-COMP
protein	B-CHED
(	O
N	O
),	O
enabling	O
the	O
immunological	O
detection	O
of	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
by	O
immunofluorescence	O
staining	O
,	O
immunoblot	O
,	O
or	O
an	O
antigen	B-CHED
-	O
capture	O
ELISA	O
system	O
.	O

In	O
addition	O
,	O
several	O
S	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
specific	I-PRGE
antibodies	B-COMP
are	O
shown	O
to	O
have	O
in	O
vitro	O
neutralization	O
activity	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
IBV	B-SPEC
),	O
a	O
group	O
3	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
,	O
produces	O
three	O
proteins	B-CHED
(	O
IBV	B-SPEC
E	O
,	O
IBV	B-SPEC
3a	O
,	O
and	O
IBV	B-SPEC
3b	O
)	O
from	O
subgenomic	O
mRNA	B-CHED
3	O
during	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
developing	O
embryo	B-ANAT
and	O
its	O
membranes	B-ANAT
provide	O
the	O
diversity	O
of	O
cell	B-COMP
types	O
that	O
are	O
needed	O
for	O
successful	O
replication	O
of	O
a	O
wide	O
variety	O
of	O
different	O
viruses	B-SPEC
.	O

Within	O
the	O
family	B-SPEC
Coronaviridae	I-SPEC
,	O
the	O
embryonated	O
egg	B-ANAT
has	O
been	O
used	O
as	O
a	O
host	B-COMP
system	O
primarily	O
for	O
two	O
group	O
3	O
coronaviruses	O
,	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
IBV	B-SPEC
)	O
and	O
turkey	B-SPEC
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
TCoV	O
),	O
but	O
it	O
also	O
has	O
been	O
shown	O
to	O
be	O
suitable	O
for	O
pheasant	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
.	O

The	O
lethal	O
pathology	B-DISO
associated	O
with	O
FIP	B-DISO
(	O
granulomatous	B-DISO
inflammation	I-DISO
and	O
T	B-ANAT
-	I-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
lymphopenia	B-DISO
)	O
is	O
thought	O
to	O
be	O
mediated	O
by	O
aberrant	O
modulation	O
of	O
the	O
immune	B-ANAT
system	I-ANAT
due	O
to	O
infection	B-DISO
of	O
cells	B-COMP
such	O
as	O
monocytes	B-ANAT
and	O
macrophages	B-ANAT
.	O

Overproduction	O
of	O
pro	B-CHED
-	O
inflammatory	O
cytokines	O
occurs	O
in	O
cats	B-SPEC
with	O
FIP	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
has	O
been	O
suggested	O
to	O
play	O
a	O
significant	O
role	O
in	O
the	O
disease	O
process	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
gamma	I-PRGE
-	O
mediated	O
suppression	B-DISO
of	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
replication	O
in	O
glial	B-ANAT
-	O
committed	O
progenitor	B-ANAT
cells	B-COMP
.	O

Also	O
,	O
direct	O
treatment	O
of	O
infected	O
glial	B-ANAT
cultures	O
with	O
recombinant	O
mouse	B-SPEC
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
alpha	I-PRGE
or	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
beta	I-PRGE
inhibits	O
viral	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
.	O

IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
gamma	I-PRGE
-	O
mediated	O
control	O
of	O
JHMV	O
replication	O
is	O
dampened	O
in	O
glial	B-ANAT
cultures	O
derived	O
from	O
the	O
neural	O
progenitor	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
of	O
type	B-PRGE
I	I-PRGE
receptor	I-PRGE
knock	O
-	O
out	O
mice	B-SPEC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Acute	O
lung	O
injury	O
(	O
ALI	O
)	O
is	O
a	O
critical	O
syndrome	B-DISO
associated	O
with	O
respiratory	B-DISO
dysfunction	I-DISO
,	O
and	O
neutrophils	B-ANAT
are	O
considered	O
to	O
be	O
central	O
to	O
the	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
of	O
ALI	O
.	O

C57BL	O
/	O
6	O
mice	B-SPEC
were	O
fed	O
a	O
standard	O
diet	O
either	O
with	O
casein	B-PRGE
as	O
the	O
nitrogen	B-CHED
source	O
or	O
with	O
25	O
%	O
of	O
total	O
nitrogen	B-CHED
replaced	O
by	O
Gln	B-CHED
.	O

The	O
purpose	O
of	O
this	O
study	O
was	O
to	O
evaluate	O
the	O
effectiveness	O
of	O
,	O
and	O
complications	O
associated	O
with	O
High	O
Frequency	O
Oscillatory	O
Ventilation	O
(	O
HFOV	O
)	O
in	O
burn	O
patients	O
with	O
the	O
Acute	B-DISO
Respiratory	I-DISO
Distress	I-DISO
Syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
who	O
have	O
had	O
a	O
smoke	O
inhalation	B-PROC
injury	O
,	O
and	O
to	O
compare	O
with	O
those	O
without	O
an	O
inhalation	B-PROC
injury	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
The	O
role	O
of	O
the	O
traveler	O
in	O
emerging	O
infections	B-DISO
and	O
magnitude	O
of	O
travel	O
.	O

Enteral	O
tube	O
feeding	O
was	O
initiated	O
at	O
small	O
volumes	O
providing	O
4	O
.	O
4	O
kcal	O
x	O
kg	O
(-	O
1	O
)	O
x	O
d	O
(-	O
1	O
)	O
and	O
gradually	O
increased	O
over	O
48	O
h	O
to	O
29	O
kcal	O
x	O
kg	O
(-	O
1	O
)	O
x	O
d	O
(-	O
1	O
)	O
(	O
based	O
on	O
adjusted	O
body	B-ANAT
weight	O
).	O

The	O
patient	O
then	O
developed	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
requiring	O
intubation	O
and	O
ventilatory	O
support	O
.	O

Seven	O
of	O
the	O
57	O
specimens	O
(	O
12	O
.	O
3	O
%)	O
were	O
found	O
to	O
be	O
co	O
-	O
infected	O
with	O
other	O
respiratory	O
viruses	B-SPEC
,	O
and	O
19	O
of	O
44	O
(	O
43	O
.	O
2	O
%)	O
specimens	O
which	O
were	O
negative	O
by	O
culture	O
were	O
positive	O
by	O
the	O
multiplex	O
PCR	O
.	O

Similar	O
malnutrition	B-DISO
-	O
attributable	O
fractions	O
were	O
seen	O
for	O
the	O
major	O
causes	O
of	O
severe	O
disease	O
(	O
severe	O
malaria	B-PATH
,	O
gastroenteritis	B-DISO
,	O
lower	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
tract	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
,	O
HIV	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
invasive	O
bacterial	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
).	O

The	O
aim	O
of	O
the	O
current	O
study	O
is	O
to	O
quantify	O
HPV	O
-	O
16	O
viral	O
load	O
in	O
male	O
anogenital	O
specimens	O
and	O
to	O
explore	O
its	O
correlates	O
with	O
anatomic	B-ANAT
sites	I-ANAT
.	O

This	O
assumes	O
that	O
clinical	O
knowledge	O
and	O
therapeutic	O
strategies	O
can	O
be	O
transferred	O
between	O
seemingly	O
disparate	O
disorders	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
T	B-ANAT
-	I-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
-	O
mediated	O
skin	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
and	O
platelet	B-DISO
disorders	I-DISO
,	O
or	O
combined	O
to	O
develop	O
novel	O
pharmacological	O
approaches	O
.	O

Susceptible	O
cells	B-COMP
are	O
inoculated	O
with	O
serial	O
logarithmic	O
dilutions	O
of	O
virus	B-SPEC
-	O
containing	O
samples	O
in	O
a	O
96	O
-	O
well	O
plate	O
format	O
.	O

This	O
represents	O
the	O
dilution	O
of	O
a	O
virus	B-SPEC
-	O
containing	O
sample	O
at	O
which	O
half	O
of	O
a	O
series	O
of	O
laboratory	O
wells	O
contain	O
infectious	B-DISO
replicating	O
virus	B-SPEC
.	O

The	O
genetic	O
absence	O
of	O
MyD88	B-PRGE
resulted	O
in	O
enhanced	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
pathology	I-DISO
and	O
greater	O
than	O
90	O
%	O
mortality	O
by	O
day	O
6	O
post	O
-	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

MyD88	B-PRGE
(-/-)	O
mice	B-SPEC
had	O
significantly	O
higher	O
viral	O
loads	O
in	O
lung	B-ANAT
tissue	I-ANAT
throughout	O
the	O
course	O
of	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

These	O
data	O
suggest	O
that	O
MyD88	B-PRGE
-	O
mediated	O
innate	O
immune	O
signaling	B-PROC
and	O
inflammatory	B-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
recruitment	B-DISO
to	O
the	O
lung	B-ANAT
are	O
required	O
for	O
protection	O
from	O
lethal	O
rMA15	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Globalisation	O
and	O
blood	B-ANAT
safety	O
.	O

Similarly	O
,	O
the	O
monopolization	O
of	O
technology	O
,	O
through	O
patent	O
enforcement	O
which	O
puts	O
access	O
beyond	O
the	O
reach	B-PROC
of	O
developing	O
countries	O
,	O
can	O
have	O
an	O
effect	O
on	O
blood	B-ANAT
safety	O
.	O

Treatment	O
with	O
anti	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
FGL2	I-PRGE
antibody	I-PRGE
completely	O
inhibited	O
Treg	O
activity	O
and	O
protected	O
susceptible	O
BALB	O
/	O
cJ	O
mice	B-SPEC
against	O
MHV	B-SPEC
-	O
3	O
-	O
liver	B-ANAT
injury	O
and	O
mortality	O
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
This	O
study	O
demonstrates	O
that	O
FGL2	B-PRGE
is	O
an	O
important	O
effector	B-CHED
cytokine	O
of	O
Tregs	O
that	O
contributes	O
to	O
susceptibility	O
to	O
MHV	B-SPEC
-	O
3	O
-	O
induced	O
FH	O
.	O

An	O
important	O
finding	O
of	O
this	O
study	O
was	O
the	O
significantly	O
lower	O
average	O
daily	O
weight	O
gain	O
among	O
virus	B-SPEC
-	O
inoculated	O
groups	O
of	O
chickens	B-SPEC
during	O
the	O
acute	O
phase	O
of	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

Reported	O
associations	O
between	O
circumcision	O
and	O
HPV	O
infection	B-DISO
in	O
men	O
have	O
been	O
inconsistent	O
.	O

The	O
breakdown	B-DISO
of	O
suspected	O
causative	O
pathogens	O
was	O
as	O
follows	O
:	O
24	O
.	O
4	O
%	O
were	O
Streptococcus	O
pneumoniae	O
,	O
14	O
.	O
8	O
%	O
were	O
Mycoplasma	B-SPEC
pneumoniae	I-SPEC
,	O
11	O
.	O
3	O
%	O
were	O
Haemophilus	B-SPEC
influenzae	I-SPEC
,	O
and	O
1	O
.	O
4	O
%	O
were	O
Chlamydophila	B-SPEC
pneumoniae	I-SPEC
.	O

Computed	O
tomography	O
revealed	O
interstitial	B-DISO
lung	B-ANAT
fibrosis	I-DISO
which	O
was	O
attributed	O
to	O
the	O
toxic	O
effects	O
of	O
nitrofurantoin	B-CHED
(	O
50	O
mg	O
/	O
d	O
)	O
that	O
the	O
patient	O
used	O
for	O
approximately	O
one	O
year	O
for	O
recurrent	B-DISO
urinary	I-DISO
tract	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
.	O

A	O
82	O
-	O
year	O
-	O
old	O
female	O
patient	O
used	O
moxifloxacin	B-CHED
(	O
400	O
mg	O
/	O
d	O
)	O
for	O
febrile	B-PROC
bronchopulmonary	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
for	O
one	O
week	O
.	O

During	O
this	O
therapy	O
,	O
confusion	B-DISO
and	O
severe	O
dementia	B-DISO
presented	O
and	O
remained	O
for	O
more	O
than	O
two	O
months	O
after	O
discontinuation	O
.	O

The	O
demential	O
syndrome	B-DISO
appears	O
to	O
be	O
possibly	O
related	O
to	O
the	O
fluoroquinolone	O
use	O
.	O

The	O
results	O
demonstrated	O
that	O
all	O
of	O
the	O
examined	O
viruses	B-SPEC
maintained	O
the	O
typical	O
IBV	B-SPEC
genome	O
organization	O
as	O
5	B-PRGE
'-	I-PRGE
S	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
3a	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
3b	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
E	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
M	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
5a	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
5b	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
N	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
UTR	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
3	I-PRGE
'.	O

All	O
of	O
the	O
recombinants	O
showed	O
chimeric	O
IBV	B-SPEC
genome	O
arrangements	O
originated	O
from	O
Taiwan	O
and	O
China	O
-	O
like	O
parental	O
strains	O
.	O

Comparative	O
sequence	O
analysis	O
of	O
Ark	B-PRGE
DPI	O
with	O
other	O
IBV	B-SPEC
strains	O
shows	O
striking	O
similarity	O
to	O
the	O
Conn	O
,	O
Gray	O
,	O
JMK	O
,	O
and	O
Ark	B-PRGE
99	I-PRGE
,	O
which	O
were	O
circulating	O
during	O
that	O
time	O
period	O
.	O

Among	O
non	O
-	O
structural	O
genes	O
,	O
the	O
5	O
'	O
untranslated	O
region	O
(	O
UTR	O
),	O
3C	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
like	I-PRGE
proteinase	I-PRGE
(	I-PRGE
3CLpro	I-PRGE
)	I-PRGE
and	I-PRGE
the	I-PRGE
polymerase	I-PRGE
(	O
RdRp	B-FUNC
)	O
sequences	O
are	O
100	O
%	O
identical	O
to	O
the	O
Gray	O
strain	O
.	O

Independent	O
recombination	B-PROC
events	O
may	O
have	O
occurred	O
in	O
the	O
entire	O
genome	O
of	O
Ark	O
DPI	O
,	O
involving	O
four	O
different	O
IBV	B-SPEC
strains	O
,	O
suggesting	O
that	O
genomic	O
RNA	O
recombination	B-PROC
may	O
occur	O
in	O
any	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
genome	O
at	O
number	O
of	O
sites	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
role	O
of	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
15	I-FUNC
in	O
T	B-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
survival	O
was	O
examined	O
during	O
chronic	O
CNS	B-CHED
coronavirus	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
.	O

Similar	O
numbers	O
of	O
virus	B-SPEC
-	O
specific	O
CD8	B-PRGE
(+)	O
T	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
were	O
retained	O
in	O
the	O
CNS	B-PRGE
of	I-PRGE
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
15	I-FUNC
(-/-)	O
and	O
wt	O
mice	B-SPEC
,	O
consistent	O
with	O
loss	O
of	O
IL	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
/	I-PRGE
15	I-PRGE
receptor	I-PRGE
(	O
CD122	B-PRGE
)	O
expression	B-PROC
.	O

CD8	B-PRGE
(+)	O
T	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
in	O
the	O
persistently	O
infected	O
CNS	B-CHED
are	O
thus	O
characterized	O
by	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
15	I-FUNC
independent	O
,	O
low	O
level	O
proliferation	B-DISO
and	O
an	O
activated	O
/	O
memory	B-PROC
phenotype	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
CoV	O
)	O
nucleocapsid	B-COMP
(	O
N	O
)	O
protein	B-CHED
is	O
a	O
highly	O
phosphorylated	O
protein	B-CHED
required	O
for	O
viral	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
,	O
but	O
whether	O
its	O
phosphorylation	B-PROC
and	O
the	O
related	O
kinases	O
are	O
involved	O
in	O
the	O
viral	B-PROC
life	I-PROC
cycle	I-PROC
is	O
unknown	O
.	O

We	O
found	O
the	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
CoV	O
N	O
protein	B-CHED
to	O
be	O
an	O
appropriate	O
system	O
to	O
address	O
this	O
issue	O
.	O

This	O
study	O
,	O
thus	O
,	O
provides	O
new	O
avenues	O
to	O
further	O
investigate	O
the	O
specific	O
role	O
of	O
N	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
phosphorylation	O
in	O
CoV	O
replication	O
.	O

Reverse	B-PROC
transcription	I-PROC
-	O
PCR	O
analyses	O
revealed	O
that	O
the	O
reduction	O
of	O
GCN2	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
was	O
not	O
due	O
to	O
decreased	O
transcription	B-PROC
or	O
stability	O
of	O
GCN2	O
mRNA	O
.	O

Surprisingly	O
,	O
the	O
knockdown	O
of	O
PKR	B-PRGE
neither	O
enhanced	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
replication	O
nor	O
abrogated	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
-	O
induced	O
eIF2alpha	B-PRGE
phosphorylation	B-PROC
.	O

However	O
,	O
virus	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
was	O
not	O
impaired	B-DISO
by	O
these	O
events	O
,	O
suggesting	O
that	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
possesses	B-DISO
a	O
mechanism	O
to	O
overcome	O
the	O
inhibitory	O
effects	O
of	O
phosphorylated	O
eIF2alpha	B-PRGE
on	O
viral	B-PATH
mRNA	I-PATH
translation	B-PROC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Human	B-PRGE
LSECtin	I-PRGE
(	O
liver	B-ANAT
and	O
lymph	B-PRGE
node	I-PRGE
sinusoidal	I-PRGE
endothelial	B-PRGE
cell	I-PRGE
C	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
type	I-PRGE
lectin	I-PRGE
,	O
CLEC4G	B-PRGE
)	O
is	O
a	O
C	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
type	I-PRGE
lectin	I-PRGE
encoded	O
within	O
the	O
L	O
-	O
SIGN	O
/	O
DC	O
-	O
SIGN	O
/	O
CD23	B-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
cluster	I-PRGE
.	O

Moreover	O
,	O
knockdown	O
of	O
PU	B-PRGE
.	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
through	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
small	O
interfering	O
RNA	O
led	O
to	O
a	O
decrease	O
in	O
LSECtin	B-PRGE
mRNA	I-PRGE
levels	O
in	O
THP	B-CHED
-	O
1	O
and	O
monocyte	B-ANAT
-	O
derived	O
dendritic	B-ANAT
cells	B-COMP
,	O
thus	O
confirming	O
the	O
involvement	O
of	O
PU	B-PRGE
.	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
in	O
the	O
myeloid	O
expression	B-PROC
of	O
the	O
lectin	B-PRGE
.	O

Coexpression	O
of	O
either	O
S	O
or	O
E	O
protein	B-CHED
with	O
human	B-PRGE
alpha	I-PRGE
-,	I-PRGE
beta	I-PRGE
-,	I-PRGE
and	I-PRGE
gamma	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
ENaC	I-PRGE
in	O
Xenopus	B-SPEC
oocytes	B-ANAT
led	O
to	O
significant	O
decreases	O
of	O
both	O
amiloride	B-CHED
-	O
sensitive	O
Na	O
(+)	O
currents	O
and	O
gamma	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
ENaC	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
levels	O
at	O
their	O
plasma	B-COMP
membranes	I-COMP
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
PIRO	O
score	O
for	O
community	O
-	O
acquired	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
:	O
a	O
new	O
prediction	O
rule	O
for	O
assessment	O
of	O
severity	O
in	O
intensive	O
care	O
unit	O
patients	O
with	O
community	O
-	O
acquired	O
pneumonia	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
outcomes	O
of	O
feline	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
FCoV	O
)	O
infection	B-DISO
vary	O
greatly	O
from	O
asymptomatic	O
or	O
mild	O
enteric	O
infection	B-DISO
to	O
fatal	O
feline	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
peritonitis	I-DISO
(	O
FIP	B-DISO
).	O

Analysis	O
of	O
partial	O
S	O
gene	O
sequences	O
of	O
the	O
local	O
type	O
I	O
and	O
II	O
FCoVs	O
strains	O
revealed	O
that	O
type	O
I	O
viruses	O
were	O
more	O
genetically	O
divergent	O
(	O
6	O
.	O
2	O
-	O
11	O
.	O
7	O
%)	O
than	O
type	O
II	O
viruses	B-SPEC
(	O
0	O
.	O
6	O
-	O
3	O
.	O
2	O
%)	O
within	O
the	O
5	O
-	O
year	O
study	O
period	O
.	O

This	O
report	O
provides	O
an	O
update	O
on	O
pediatric	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
-	O
associated	O
coronavirus	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
in	O
Toronto	O
,	O
Ontario	O
,	O
Canada	O
,	O
that	O
includes	O
microbiological	O
findings	O
.	O

On	O
the	O
basis	O
of	O
our	O
clinical	O
case	O
definition	O
,	O
6	O
of	O
8	O
microbiologically	O
confirmed	O
case	O
had	O
been	O
classified	O
as	O
having	O
probable	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
-	O
associated	O
coronavirus	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
SARS	O
-	O
CoV	O
has	O
four	O
major	O
structural	O
proteins	B-CHED
:	O
the	O
N	O
,	O
S	O
,	O
M	O
,	O
and	O
E	O
proteins	B-CHED
.	O

Co	O
-	O
immunoprecipitation	O
analyses	O
demonstrated	O
an	O
interaction	O
between	O
the	O
N	O
and	O
M	O
proteins	B-CHED
,	O
suggesting	O
that	O
N	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
binds	B-FUNC
directly	O
to	O
M	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
to	O
be	O
incorporated	O
into	O
VLP	B-COMP
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Antibody	B-FUNC
-	O
dependent	O
enhancement	O
occurs	O
upon	O
re	O
-	O
infection	B-DISO
with	O
the	O
identical	O
serotype	O
virus	B-SPEC
in	O
feline	O
infectious	O
peritonitis	O
virus	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
.	O

The	O
importance	O
of	O
differences	O
in	O
FIPV	O
serotype	O
on	O
the	O
induction	O
of	O
ADE	B-CHED
remains	O
unclear	O
.	O

In	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
we	O
investigated	O
whether	O
the	O
same	O
or	O
different	O
serotype	O
of	O
FIPV	O
induces	O
ADE	B-CHED
in	O
cats	B-SPEC
.	O

Specific	O
pathogen	O
-	O
free	O
cats	B-SPEC
were	O
passively	O
immunized	O
with	O
anti	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
type	I-PRGE
I	I-PRGE
or	I-PRGE
II	I-PRGE
FIPV	I-PRGE
antibodies	I-PRGE
,	O
and	O
we	O
investigated	O
the	O
induction	O
of	O
ADE	B-CHED
following	O
subcutaneous	O
inoculation	O
with	O
type	O
I	O
FIPV	O
.	O

IRF3	B-PRGE
translocation	B-DISO
was	O
independent	O
of	O
p38	B-PRGE
kinase	B-FUNC
activity	I-FUNC
,	O
indicating	O
that	O
IRF3	B-PRGE
and	O
p38	B-FUNC
kinase	O
are	O
distinct	O
pathways	O
leading	O
to	O
cytokine	B-PROC
production	I-PROC
by	O
H5N1	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
.	O

A	O
more	O
precise	O
identification	O
of	O
the	O
differences	O
in	O
the	O
regulation	B-PROC
of	O
TNF	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
alpha	I-PRGE
and	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
beta	I-PRGE
could	O
provide	O
novel	O
targets	O
for	O
the	O
design	O
of	O
therapeutic	O
strategies	O
for	O
severe	O
human	B-SPEC
H5N1	B-DISO
influenza	I-DISO
and	O
also	O
for	O
treating	O
other	O
causes	O
of	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

Perceived	O
threat	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
in	O
case	O
of	O
an	O
outbreak	O
in	O
the	O
country	O
was	O
higher	O
than	O
that	O
of	O
other	O
diseases	O
.	O

The	O
McNemar	O
and	O
Chi	B-CHED
-	O
squared	O
test	O
,	O
standard	O
Pearson	O
correlation	O
,	O
ANOVA	O
,	O
intraclass	O
correlation	O
coefficient	O
(	O
ICC	B-DISO
),	O
and	O
receiver	O
operating	O
characteristic	O
curve	O
(	O
ROC	O
)	O
analysis	O
were	O
used	O
to	O
calculate	O
the	O
alarm	O
temperature	O
for	O
each	O
imager	O
.	O

In	O
addition	O
,	O
other	O
classically	O
non	O
-	O
enteric	O
viruses	B-SPEC
(	O
such	O
as	O
HIV	B-DISO
and	O
influenza	B-DISO
)	O
may	O
also	O
have	O
enteric	O
effects	O
that	O
are	O
crucial	O
in	O
their	O
pathogeneses	B-DISO
.	O

Another	O
patient	O
was	O
intubated	O
within	O
the	O
first	O
24	O
h	O
because	O
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

At	O
presentation	O
,	O
all	O
patients	O
but	O
two	O
had	O
a	O
PaO	B-PROC
(	O
2	O
)/	O
FiO	O
(	O
2	O
)	O
<	O
300	O
,	O
while	O
ARDS	B-DISO
was	O
present	O
in	O
17	O
and	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
in	O
15	O
cases	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Structural	O
basis	O
of	O
inhibition	B-PROC
specificities	O
of	O
3C	O
and	O
3C	O
-	O
like	O
proteases	O
by	O
zinc	B-CHED
-	O
coordinating	O
and	O
peptidomimetic	O
compounds	O
.	O

As	O
shown	O
in	O
the	O
present	O
study	O
,	O
some	O
of	O
these	O
compounds	O
were	O
also	O
found	O
to	O
be	O
active	O
against	O
3C	O
(	O
pro	B-CHED
)	O
of	O
CV	O
strain	O
B3	O
(	O
CVB3	O
).	O

Nitrile	B-CHED
oxides	B-CHED
were	O
generated	O
in	O
situ	O
from	O
oximes	B-CHED
using	O
a	O
commercial	O
bleaching	O
agent	O
;	O
their	O
cycloaddition	O
with	O
5	O
-	O
ethynyl	B-CHED
-	O
2	B-CHED
'-	I-CHED
deoxyuridine	I-CHED
yielded	O
isoxazoles	B-CHED
possessing	O
activity	O
against	O
herpes	B-SPEC
simplex	I-SPEC
viruses	I-SPEC
1	O
and	O
2	O
,	O
Encephalomyocarditis	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
,	O
Coxsackie	O
B3	O
,	O
and	O
vesicular	B-SPEC
stomatitis	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
;	O
these	O
isoxazoles	B-CHED
were	O
,	O
however	O
,	O
inactive	O
against	O
corona	B-CHED
virus	B-SPEC
,	O
influenza	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
,	O
and	O
HIV	B-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
is	O
an	O
infectious	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
caused	O
by	O
a	O
novel	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
that	O
cost	O
nearly	O
800	O
lives	O
.	O

Consequently	O
,	O
the	O
antisera	O
exhibited	O
neutralization	O
activity	O
in	O
an	O
in	O
vitro	O
infection	B-DISO
inhibition	B-PROC
assay	O
.	O

Here	O
we	O
compared	O
the	O
IBV	B-SPEC
strains	O
Beaudette	O
,	O
4	O
/	O
91	O
,	O
Italy02	O
,	O
and	O
QX	O
for	O
their	O
sialic	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
-	O
binding	B-FUNC
properties	O
.	O

There	O
were	O
only	O
slight	O
differences	O
between	O
the	O
four	O
strains	O
,	O
indicating	O
the	O
universal	O
usage	O
of	O
sialic	B-CHED
acids	I-CHED
as	O
receptor	O
determinants	O
by	O
IBV	B-SPEC
.	O

Their	O
aptitude	O
to	O
evolve	O
by	O
genetic	B-PROC
recombination	I-PROC
and	O
/	O
or	O
point	B-PROC
mutation	I-PROC
is	O
recognized	O
,	O
thus	O
giving	O
rise	O
to	O
new	O
viral	O
genotypes	O
and	O
mutants	O
with	O
different	O
tissues	B-ANAT
or	O
host	B-COMP
tropism	B-PROC
.	O

A	O
large	O
proportion	O
of	O
the	O
Hong	O
Kong	O
elderly	O
population	O
has	O
not	O
undergone	O
influenza	B-DISO
vaccination	O
.	O

To	O
investigate	O
any	O
differences	O
in	O
attitudes	O
toward	O
influenza	B-DISO
vaccination	O
among	O
Hong	O
Kong	O
elderly	O
people	O
with	O
different	O
levels	O
of	O
cognitive	O
and	O
physical	O
functioning	O
.	O

In	O
the	O
end	O
,	O
we	O
had	O
four	O
rule	O
sets	O
using	O
mean	O
airway	B-ANAT
pressure	O
,	O
plateau	O
pressure	O
,	O
total	O
respiratory	O
rate	O
and	O
oxygen	B-CHED
saturation	O
(	O
SpO	O
(	O
2	O
)),	O
where	O
the	O
specificity	O
/	O
sensitivity	O
rates	O
were	O
either	O
80	O
%/	O
60	O
%	O
or	O
90	O
%/	O
50	O
%.	O

Finally	O
,	O
to	O
investigate	O
whether	O
calmodulin	B-PRGE
has	O
any	O
effect	O
on	O
ACE2	B-PRGE
ectodomain	I-PRGE
shedding	O
in	O
cells	B-COMP
that	O
endogenously	O
express	O
the	O
enzyme	O
,	O
cells	B-COMP
from	O
a	O
human	B-SPEC
liver	B-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
line	O
(	O
Huh	O
-	O
7	O
)	O
expressing	O
ACE2	B-PRGE
were	O
incubated	O
with	O
calmodulin	B-PRGE
-	O
specific	O
inhibitors	B-CHED
,	O
trifluoperazine	B-CHED
and	O
calmidazolium	O
.	O

Using	O
a	O
cross	O
-	O
sectional	O
survey	O
,	O
EMTs	O
in	O
Toronto	O
,	O
Ont	B-CHED
.,	O
were	O
surveyed	O
1	O
year	O
after	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
outbreak	O
during	O
mandatory	O
training	O
on	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
personal	O
protective	O
equipment	O
in	O
airway	B-ANAT
management	O
during	O
the	O
outbreak	O
and	O
just	O
before	O
taking	O
the	O
survey	O
.	O

Conversely	O
,	O
72	O
.	O
9	O
%	O
of	O
the	O
respondents	O
reported	O
that	O
they	O
never	O
used	O
the	O
open	O
face	B-DISO
hood	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Picornaviruses	B-SPEC
(	O
PV	O
)	O
and	O
coronaviruses	O
(	O
CoV	O
)	O
are	O
positive	O
-	O
stranded	O
RNA	O
viruses	B-SPEC
which	O
infect	O
millions	O
of	O
people	O
worldwide	O
each	O
year	O
,	O
resulting	O
in	O
a	O
wide	O
range	O
of	O
clinical	O
outcomes	O
.	O

Using	O
computer	O
modeling	O
,	O
the	O
structural	O
features	O
of	O
these	O
compounds	O
as	O
individual	O
and	O
common	O
protease	B-PROC
inhibitors	I-PROC
were	O
elucidated	O
to	O
enhance	O
our	O
knowledge	O
for	O
developing	O
anti	B-CHED
-	I-CHED
viral	I-CHED
agents	I-CHED
against	O
PV	O
and	O
CoV	O
.	O

In	O
the	O
present	O
trial	O
,	O
the	O
effects	O
of	O
vaccine	O
strains	O
A3	O
and	O
Vic	B-PRGE
S	I-PRGE
on	O
the	O
oviduct	B-ANAT
of	O
laying	O
hens	O
were	O
assessed	O
by	O
histopathology	O
,	O
electron	O
microscopy	O
,	O
serology	O
and	O
also	O
by	O
determining	O
the	O
presence	O
and	O
persistence	O
of	O
viral	O
RNA	O
in	O
the	O
oviduct	B-ANAT
by	O
real	O
time	O
PCR	O
following	O
the	O
experimental	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

Birds	B-SPEC
were	O
either	O
unvaccinated	O
or	O
vaccinated	O
with	O
both	O
A3	O
and	O
Vic	B-PRGE
S	I-PRGE
and	O
then	O
mock	O
-	O
infected	O
,	O
challenged	O
with	O
the	O
same	O
attenuated	O
strains	O
,	O
either	O
A3	O
or	O
Vic	O
S	O
.	O
Some	O
respiratory	O
signs	O
were	O
observed	O
,	O
but	O
were	O
mild	O
and	O
short	O
-	O
lived	O
.	O

Microscopic	O
lesions	O
were	O
not	O
recorded	O
in	O
the	O
isthmus	O
,	O
tubular	O
shell	B-ANAT
gland	I-ANAT
or	O
shell	B-ANAT
gland	I-ANAT
pouch	O
.	O

Recent	O
studies	O
have	O
demonstrated	O
that	O
antioxidants	B-CHED
reduced	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
inflammation	I-DISO
in	O
different	O
models	O
of	O
lung	B-ANAT
damage	O
.	O

This	O
novel	O
phenotype	O
suggests	O
a	O
strategy	O
to	O
investigate	O
the	O
function	O
of	O
the	O
MHV	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
A59	I-PRGE
ns2	B-DISO
protein	B-CHED
involving	O
the	O
search	O
for	O
organ	B-ANAT
-	O
specific	O
proteins	B-CHED
or	O
RNAs	O
that	O
react	O
differentially	O
to	O
wild	O
-	O
type	O
and	O
mutant	B-DISO
ns2	B-DISO
proteins	B-CHED
.	O

Consisting	O
of	O
five	O
domains	O
,	O
Nsp3	B-PRGE
is	O
the	O
largest	O
of	O
these	O
(	O
180	O
-	O
210	O
kDa	O
).	O

However	O
,	O
the	O
incidence	O
of	O
AE	O
in	O
CVD	B-DISO
-	O
IP	O
and	O
its	O
clinical	O
characteristics	O
remain	O
to	O
be	O
fully	O
determined	O
.	O

Initiation	O
of	O
iLA	B-PRGE
followed	O
an	O
algorithm	O
for	O
screening	O
,	O
careful	O
evaluation	O
and	O
insertion	O
technique	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Hypercapnia	B-DISO
in	O
late	O
-	O
phase	O
ALI	O
/	O
ARDS	B-DISO
:	O
providing	O
spontaneous	O
breathing	B-PROC
using	O
pumpless	O
extracorporeal	O
lung	O
assist	O
.	O

Median	O
reduction	O
in	O
pCO	B-DISO
(	O
2	O
)	O
was	O
50	O
%	O
following	O
institution	O
of	O
p	O
-	O
ECLA	O
.	O

p	O
-	O
ECLA	O
treatment	O
supported	O
control	O
of	O
breathing	B-PROC
pattern	O
while	O
sedation	B-DISO
requirements	O
were	O
reduced	O
and	O
facilitated	O
the	O
implementation	O
of	O
assisted	O
spontaneous	O
breathing	B-PROC
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
In	O
case	O
of	O
new	O
outbreaks	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
/	O
avian	B-DISO
flu	I-DISO
in	O
China	O
,	O
local	O
authorities	O
in	O
the	O
UK	O
and	O
The	O
Netherlands	O
can	O
best	O
reach	B-PROC
Chinese	O
people	O
through	O
informal	O
networks	O
and	O
British	O
/	O
Dutch	O
TV	O
,	O
while	O
trying	O
to	O
improve	O
confidence	O
in	O
information	O
from	O
the	O
government	O
.	O

METHODS	O
:	O
The	O
participants	O
of	O
the	O
study	O
,	O
who	O
used	O
a	O
modified	O
SARS	B-DISO
Psychosocial	O
Research	O
Consortium	O
survey	O
,	O
were	O
drawn	O
from	O
Internet	O
panels	O
in	O
Finland	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
308	O
)	O
and	O
the	O
Netherlands	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
373	O
)	O
in	O
June	O
2003	O
.	O

Multiple	O
logistic	O
regression	O
analyses	O
were	O
used	O
to	O
calculate	O
odds	O
ratios	O
(	O
with	O
95	O
%	O
confidence	O
intervals	O
)	O
to	O
compare	O
Finns	O
with	O
the	O
Dutch	O
for	O
various	O
levels	O
of	O
perceptions	O
and	O
behaviors	B-PROC
.	O

In	O
recent	O
years	O
,	O
TCoV	O
has	O
been	O
increasingly	O
recognized	O
in	O
North	O
America	O
as	O
an	O
important	O
pathogen	O
of	O
young	O
turkeys	B-SPEC
,	O
resulting	O
in	O
economic	O
loss	O
due	O
to	O
impaired	B-DISO
growth	B-PROC
and	O
poor	O
feed	O
conversion	O
.	O

These	O
studies	O
have	O
raised	O
additional	O
questions	O
regarding	O
the	O
classification	O
of	O
TCoV	O
;	O
particularly	O
,	O
whether	O
IBV	B-SPEC
and	O
TCoV	O
are	O
taxonomically	O
distinct	O
viruses	B-SPEC
,	O
or	O
whether	O
TCoV	O
is	O
merely	O
a	O
variant	O
of	O
IBV	B-SPEC
.	O

TCoV	O
is	O
readily	O
distinguished	O
from	O
IBV	B-SPEC
based	O
on	O
antigenic	O
and	O
biological	O
differences	O
,	O
and	O
these	O
differences	O
suggest	O
that	O
TCoV	O
should	O
be	O
considered	O
a	O
distinct	O
virus	B-SPEC
species	B-SPEC
.	O

A	O
uniform	O
,	O
informative	O
system	O
for	O
naming	O
IBV	B-SPEC
isolates	O
would	O
be	O
very	O
helpful	O
.	O

To	O
date	O
,	O
no	O
genetic	O
features	O
have	O
been	O
found	O
that	O
are	O
unique	O
to	O
turkey	B-SPEC
isolates	O
and	O
to	O
pheasant	O
isolates	O
that	O
would	O
permit	B-SPEC
unequivocal	O
differentiation	B-PROC
from	O
IBVs	O
.	O

Should	O
the	O
avian	B-SPEC
coronaviruses	O
from	O
turkeys	B-SPEC
,	O
pheasants	O
and	O
other	O
birds	B-SPEC
each	O
be	O
considered	O
as	O
distinct	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
species	B-SPEC
?	O

This	O
suggested	O
naming	O
system	O
for	O
isolates	O
is	O
essentially	O
neutral	O
with	O
regard	O
to	O
whether	O
viruses	B-SPEC
from	O
different	O
bird	B-SPEC
species	B-SPEC
should	O
be	O
considered	O
as	O
different	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
species	B-SPEC
or	O
simply	O
as	O
variants	O
of	O
just	O
one	O
avian	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
species	B-SPEC
.	O

In	O
my	O
opinion	O
an	O
informative	O
nomenclature	O
for	O
avian	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
isolates	O
is	O
required	O
now	O
,	O
to	O
improve	O
communication	O
,	O
and	O
need	O
not	O
be	O
delayed	O
until	O
a	O
decision	O
on	O
the	O
definition	O
of	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
species	B-SPEC
has	O
been	O
made	O
.	O

Negative	O
contrast	O
electron	O
microscopy	O
of	O
caecal	O
contents	O
revealed	O
virus	B-COMP
particles	I-COMP
,	O
which	O
in	O
size	O
and	O
morphology	O
had	O
the	O
appearance	O
of	O
a	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
SARS	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
spike	O
protein	B-CHED
-	O
induced	O
innate	B-DISO
immune	I-DISO
response	I-DISO
occurs	O
via	O
activation	O
of	O
the	O
NF	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
kappaB	I-PRGE
pathway	B-PROC
in	O
human	B-SPEC
monocyte	B-ANAT
macrophages	B-ANAT
in	O
vitro	O
.	O

We	O
confirmed	O
cytokine	O
mRNA	B-CHED
increases	O
by	O
real	O
-	O
time	O
quantitative	O
(	O
q	O
)	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
or	O
ELISA	O
.	O

A	O
PCR	O
test	O
amplifying	O
the	O
lktC	O
-	O
artJ	O
intergenic	O
region	O
was	O
evaluated	O
and	O
shown	O
to	O
be	O
specific	O
for	O
the	O
two	O
species	B-SPEC
M	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
haemolytica	I-SPEC
and	O
Mannheimia	B-SPEC
glucosida	I-SPEC
.	O

All	O
90	O
aspirations	O
were	O
also	O
analyzed	O
for	O
bovine	B-SPEC
respiratory	I-SPEC
syncytial	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
BRSV	B-SPEC
),	O
parainfluenza	B-DISO
-	O
3	O
virus	B-SPEC
,	O
and	O
bovine	B-SPEC
corona	B-CHED
virus	B-SPEC
by	O
antigen	B-CHED
ELISA	O
.	O

A	O
higher	O
percentage	O
of	O
the	O
samples	O
were	O
positive	O
for	O
all	O
bacterial	O
species	B-SPEC
in	O
the	O
group	O
of	O
diseased	O
animals	B-SPEC
compared	O
to	O
the	O
clinically	O
healthy	O
animals	B-SPEC
,	O
however	O
this	O
difference	O
was	O
only	O
significant	O
for	O
M	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
dispar	I-SPEC
and	O
M	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
bovirhinis	I-SPEC
.	O

Among	O
the	O
diseased	O
calves	O
in	O
these	O
two	O
herds	O
a	O
significant	O
increase	O
in	O
haptoglobin	B-PRGE
and	O
serum	B-PRGE
amyloid	B-DISO
A	I-PRGE
levels	O
was	O
observed	O
compared	O
to	O
the	O
healthy	O
calves	O
.	O

For	O
H	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
somni	I-SPEC
and	O
M	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
haemolytica	I-SPEC
,	O
a	O
higher	O
percentage	O
of	O
the	O
samples	O
were	O
found	O
positive	O
by	O
PCR	O
than	O
by	O
cultivation	O
,	O
whereas	O
the	O
opposite	O
result	O
was	O
found	O
for	O
P	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
multocida	I-SPEC
.	O

For	O
H	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
somni	I-SPEC
a	O
similar	O
association	O
with	O
disease	O
status	O
was	O
only	O
observed	O
for	O
cultivation	O
and	O
not	O
for	O
PCR	O
.	O

In	O
contrast	O
,	O
the	O
orally	B-ANAT
DNA	O
vaccine	O
evoked	O
vigorous	O
T	B-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
response	O
and	O
a	O
weak	O
antibody	B-FUNC
production	I-PROC
.	O

Two	O
randomized	O
controlled	O
trials	O
showed	O
that	O
the	O
systematic	O
early	O
use	O
of	O
NMBAs	O
is	O
associated	O
with	O
a	O
sustained	O
improvement	O
in	O
oxygenation	B-PROC
in	O
ARDS	B-DISO
patients	O
.	O

Twenty	O
-	O
one	O
rabbits	B-SPEC
were	O
operatively	O
prepared	O
and	O
randomly	O
divided	O
into	O
sham	O
,	O
control	O
,	O
or	O
APC	B-COMP
groups	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
7	O
in	O
each	O
group	O
).	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
In	O
comparison	O
with	O
nontreatment	O
in	O
the	O
control	O
group	O
,	O
the	O
infusion	O
of	O
APC	B-COMP
significantly	O
reduced	O
the	O
increase	O
of	O
thrombomodulin	B-PRGE
level	I-PRGE
(	O
TM	O
;	O
control	O
group	O
was	O
(	O
0	O
.	O
68	O
+/-	O
0	O
.	O
06	O
)	O
ng	O
/	O
ml	O
,	O
vs	O
APC	B-COMP
group	O
of	O
(	O
0	O
.	O
62	O
+/-	O

Thrombocytopenia	O
was	O
observed	O
in	O
5	O
(	O
12	O
.	O
5	O
%)	O
patients	O
,	O
and	O
multi	O
-	O
organ	B-ANAT
dysfunction	O
was	O
detected	O
in	O
19	O
(	O
47	O
.	O
5	O
%)	O
patients	O
.	O

The	O
detection	O
rates	O
were	O
as	O
follows	O
:	O
respiratory	O
syncytial	O
virus	O
(	O
RSV	B-SPEC
)	O
was	O
the	O
most	O
commonly	O
detected	O
in	O
52	O
.	O
7	O
%	O
(	O
87	O
/	O
165	O
),	O
human	B-SPEC
metapneumovirus	I-SPEC
(	O
hMPV	B-SPEC
)	O
in	O
15	O
.	O
8	O
%,	O
human	B-SPEC
corona	B-CHED
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
hCoV	O
)	O
in	O
5	O
.	O
5	O
%,	O
adenovirus	B-DISO
in	O
9	O
.	O
7	O
%,	O
human	B-SPEC
bocavirus	I-SPEC
(	O
hBoV	O
)	O
in	O
5	O
.	O
5	O
%,	O
parainfluenza	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
PIV	O
)	O
in	O
3	O
.	O
6	O
%,	O
rhinovirus	B-SPEC
(	O
RV	O
)	O
in	O
4	O
.	O
2	O
%,	O
and	O
the	O
influenza	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
in	O
3	O
%	O
of	O
the	O
patients	O
with	O
ALRIs	O
.	O

Using	O
the	O
social	O
amplification	B-DISO
of	O
risk	O
framework	O
,	O
we	O
show	O
that	O
,	O
while	O
other	O
countries	O
displayed	O
social	O
amplification	B-DISO
of	O
risk	O
,	O
Canada	O
experienced	O
a	O
social	O
attenuation	O
of	O
risk	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
The	O
epidemiology	O
of	O
,	O
and	O
risk	O
factors	O
for	O
,	O
mortality	O
from	O
severe	B-DISO
sepsis	I-DISO
and	O
septic	B-DISO
shock	I-DISO
in	O
a	O
tertiary	O
-	O
care	O
university	O
hospital	O
setting	O
.	O

Hospital	O
-	O
acquired	O
infections	B-DISO
accounted	O
for	O
55	O
.	O
6	O
%	O
of	O
patients	O
with	O
Gram	O
-	O
negative	O
bacteria	B-SPEC
predominant	O
(	O
68	O
%).	O

To	O
differentiate	O
the	O
genotypes	O
without	O
sequencing	O
,	O
a	O
simple	O
technique	O
-	O
reverse	B-ENZY
transcriptase	I-ENZY
-	O
polymerase	O
chain	O
reaction	O
/	O
restriction	O
fragment	O
length	O
polymorphism	B-PROC
analysis	O
(	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
/	O
RFLP	O
)-	O
was	O
developed	O
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
IHC	O
can	O
be	O
an	O
additional	O
useful	O
tool	O
for	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
IBV	B-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
in	O
chickens	B-SPEC
and	O
allows	O
further	O
studies	O
to	O
foster	O
a	O
deeper	O
understanding	O
of	O
the	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
of	O
infections	B-DISO
with	O
IBV	B-SPEC
strains	O
of	O
different	O
virulence	B-PROC
.	O

Bacterial	O
agents	O
include	O
Legionella	B-SPEC
species	B-SPEC
,	O
Mycoplasma	B-SPEC
pneumoniae	I-SPEC
,	O
Chlamydophila	B-SPEC
species	B-SPEC
,	O
and	O
Coxiella	B-SPEC
burnetii	I-SPEC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Impact	O
of	O
a	O
mandatory	O
infection	B-DISO
control	O
education	O
program	O
on	O
nosocomial	O
acquisition	O
of	O
methicillin	B-CHED
-	I-DISO
resistant	I-DISO
Staphylococcus	B-SPEC
aureus	I-SPEC
.	O

The	O
rate	O
of	O
nosocomial	O
acquisition	O
of	O
MRSA	B-DISO
colonization	O
or	O
infection	B-DISO
decreased	O
after	O
SARS	B-DISO
and	O
was	O
further	O
reduced	O
in	O
association	O
with	O
a	O
hospital	O
-	O
wide	O
education	O
program	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Large	O
mixed	B-DISO
germ	I-DISO
cell	I-DISO
tumor	I-DISO
in	O
a	O
young	O
patient	O
presenting	O
as	O
an	O
intrapulmonary	O
mass	O
.	O

Histology	O
confirmed	O
a	O
teratoma	B-DISO
with	O
mature	O
and	O
immature	O
components	O
accompanied	O
by	O
residual	O
seminomatous	O
tumor	B-ANAT
cells	B-COMP
.	O

Enteral	O
administration	O
of	O
fish	B-SPEC
oil	O
,	O
antioxidants	B-CHED
and	O
physiologic	O
amounts	O
of	O
arginine	B-CHED
improve	O
oxygenation	B-PROC
and	O
clinical	O
outcomes	O
in	O
ICU	O
patients	O
with	O
impaired	B-DISO
oxygenation	B-PROC
.	O

The	O
genetically	O
engineered	O
attenuated	O
form	O
of	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
or	O
viral	O
vector	O
vaccine	O
encoding	O
for	O
the	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
spike	I-PRGE
glycoprotein	B-CHED
has	O
been	O
shown	O
to	O
elicit	O
protective	O
immunity	B-PROC
in	O
vaccinated	O
animals	B-SPEC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
highlight	O
the	O
case	O
of	O
a	O
patient	O
with	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
failure	O
,	O
whose	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
Boerhaave	B-DISO
'	I-DISO
s	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
only	O
became	O
apparent	O
after	O
a	O
trial	O
of	O
non	O
-	O
invasive	O
ventilation	O
.	O

A	O
68	O
-	O
year	O
-	O
old	O
female	O
presented	O
with	O
a	O
clinical	O
picture	O
of	O
community	O
-	O
acquired	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
and	O
exacerbation	O
of	O
asthma	B-PATH
that	O
was	O
supported	O
by	O
radiological	O
evidence	O
of	O
a	O
large	O
left	O
-	O
sided	O
pleural	B-DISO
effusion	I-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Functional	O
screen	O
reveals	O
SARS	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
nonstructural	O
protein	B-CHED
nsp14	O
as	O
a	O
novel	O
cap	B-DISO
N7	I-PRGE
methyltransferase	I-PRGE
.	O

A	O
survey	O
using	O
a	O
self	O
-	O
administered	O
questionnaire	O
was	O
conducted	O
on	O
300	O
printing	O
company	O
workers	O
in	O
Beijing	O
,	O
China	O
,	O
which	O
was	O
under	O
mass	O
isolation	O
following	O
the	O
2003	O
SARS	B-DISO
outbreak	O
,	O
in	O
the	O
7	O
-	O
8	O
months	O
after	O
the	O
isolation	O
was	O
lifted	O
.	O

P	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
jirovecii	I-SPEC
was	O
detected	O
in	O
26	O
/	O
128	O
,	O
bacteria	B-SPEC
in	O
10	O
,	O
fungi	B-SPEC
in	O
four	O
,	O
Influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
in	O
two	O
patients	O
.	O

Human	B-SPEC
bocavirus	I-SPEC
and	O
human	B-SPEC
metapneumovirus	I-SPEC
are	O
rarely	O
involved	O
in	O
atypical	B-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
in	O
immunocompromised	O
adult	O
patients	O
with	O
suspected	O
PCP	B-DISO
,	O
but	O
may	O
contribute	O
to	O
severe	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
.	O

Preliminary	O
data	O
suggest	O
that	O
patients	O
with	O
vasodilatory	O
shock	O
after	O
cardiac	B-ANAT
surgery	O
and	O
patients	O
with	O
liver	B-DISO
cirrhosis	I-DISO
and	O
sepsis	B-DISO
can	O
benefit	O
from	O
corticosteroids	B-CHED
.	O

Critical	B-DISO
illness	I-DISO
-	O
related	O
corticosteroid	B-CHED
insufficiency	O
can	O
also	O
occur	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
trauma	O
,	O
traumatic	O
brain	B-ANAT
injury	O
,	O
acute	B-DISO
pancreatitis	I-DISO
and	O
burn	O
injuries	O
,	O
but	O
data	O
from	O
clinical	O
trials	O
on	O
these	O
target	O
groups	O
are	O
insufficient	O
at	O
present	O
.	O

We	O
reviewed	O
the	O
existing	O
studies	O
on	O
fever	B-PROC
screening	O
by	O
NCIT	O
to	O
estimate	O
their	O
efficacy	O
under	O
the	O
hypothesis	O
of	O
pandemic	O
influenza	B-DISO
.	O

When	O
we	O
fixed	B-ANAT
fever	B-PROC
prevalence	O
at	O
1	O
%	O
in	O
all	O
studies	O
to	O
allow	O
comparisons	O
,	O
the	O
derived	O
PPV	O
varied	O
from	O
3	O
.	O
5	O
%	O
to	O
65	O
.	O
4	O
%	O
and	O
NPV	O
was	O
>	O
or	O
=	O
99	O
%.	O

The	O
low	O
PPV	B-CHED
suggests	O
limited	O
efficacy	O
of	O
NCIT	O
to	O
detect	O
symptomatic	O
passengers	O
at	O
the	O
early	O
stages	O
of	O
a	O
pandemic	O
influenza	B-DISO
,	O
when	O
fever	B-PROC
prevalence	O
among	O
passengers	O
would	O
be	O
=	O
or	O
<	O
1	O
%.	O

To	O
examine	O
,	O
compare	O
and	O
contrast	O
the	O
functional	O
characteristics	O
of	O
hmAbs	O
with	O
the	O
potential	O
for	O
prophylaxis	O
and	O
treatment	O
of	O
diseases	O
caused	O
by	O
SARS	B-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
,	O
HeV	B-SPEC
and	O
NiV	O
.	O
A	O
review	O
of	O
relevant	O
literature	O
.	O

The	O
critical	O
nature	O
of	O
ALI	O
and	O
ARDS	B-DISO
,	O
compounded	O
by	O
the	O
impact	O
of	O
phenotypic	O
heterogeneity	O
,	O
has	O
rendered	O
the	O
amassing	O
of	O
sufficiently	O
powered	O
studies	O
especially	O
challenging	O
.	O

To	O
identify	O
sequence	O
changes	O
responsible	O
for	O
the	O
attenuation	O
of	O
IBV	B-SPEC
,	O
complete	O
genome	O
sequences	O
of	O
both	O
virulent	O
and	O
attenuated	O
Ark	O
DPI	O
viruses	B-SPEC
were	O
obtained	O
.	O

Twenty	O
-	O
one	O
long	O
-	O
term	O
survivors	O
of	O
severe	O
ARDS	B-DISO
and	O
ECMO	O
were	O
studied	O
in	O
a	O
follow	O
-	O
up	O
program	O
including	O
high	O
-	O
resolution	O
computed	O
tomography	O
(	O
HRCT	O
)	O
of	O
the	O
lungs	B-ANAT
,	O
extensive	O
pulmonary	B-PROC
function	I-PROC
tests	O
,	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
scintigraphy	O
and	O
the	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
-	O
specific	O
St	O
George	O
'	O
s	O
Respiratory	O
Questionnaire	O
(	O
SGRQ	O
).	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
The	O
majority	O
of	O
ECMO	O
-	O
treated	O
ARDS	B-DISO
patients	O
have	O
good	O
physical	O
and	O
social	O
functioning	O
.	O

Clinical	O
outcomes	O
were	O
worse	O
in	O
the	O
lung	B-ANAT
transplant	B-ANAT
group	O
and	O
included	O
a	O
greater	O
need	O
for	O
intensive	O
care	O
unit	O
treatment	O
(	O
80	O
%	O
vs	O
.	O
20	O
%,	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
02	O
),	O
longer	O
length	O
of	O
hospital	O
stay	O
(	O
21	O
vs	O
.	O
5	O
days	O
,	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
02	O
),	O
and	O
propensity	O
to	O
develop	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
or	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
60	O
%	O
vs	O
.	O
10	O
%,	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
04	O
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Aryl	O
diketoacids	O
(	O
ADK	O
)	O
selectively	O
inhibit	O
duplex	O
DNA	O
-	O
unwinding	O
activity	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
NTPase	I-PRGE
/	O
helicase	B-PRGE
.	O

Taken	O
together	O
,	O
these	O
results	O
suggest	O
that	O
there	O
might	O
be	O
ADK	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
specific	I-PRGE
binding	I-PRGE
site	I-PRGE
in	O
the	O
SCV	B-SPEC
Hel	O
,	O
which	O
warrants	O
further	O
investigations	O
with	O
diverse	O
ADKs	O
to	O
provide	O
valuable	O
insights	O
into	O
rational	O
design	O
of	O
specific	O
SCV	B-SPEC
Hel	O
inhibitors	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Differential	O
characteristics	O
of	O
the	O
early	O
stage	O
of	O
lung	B-DISO
inflammation	I-DISO
induced	O
by	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
Nucleocapsid	B-ANAT
protein	B-CHED
related	O
to	O
age	O
in	O
the	O
mouse	B-SPEC
.	O

Specimens	O
were	O
tested	O
for	O
respiratory	O
viruses	B-SPEC
by	O
polymerase	O
chain	O
reaction	O
.	O

One	O
hundred	O
twenty	O
-	O
four	O
out	O
of	O
237	O
samples	O
(	O
52	O
.	O
3	O
%)	O
were	O
positive	O
for	O
one	O
or	O
more	O
viruses	B-SPEC
.	O

The	O
sequence	O
diversity	O
suggests	O
that	O
bats	B-SPEC
are	O
well	O
-	O
established	O
reservoirs	O
for	O
and	O
likely	O
sources	O
of	O
coronaviruses	O
for	O
many	O
species	B-SPEC
,	O
including	O
humans	B-SPEC
.	O

There	O
were	O
3	O
women	O
and	O
1	O
man	B-CHED
with	O
an	O
average	O
age	O
of	O
26	O
+/-	O

Each	O
patient	O
received	O
HBO	O
treatment	O
for	O
100	O
sessions	O
and	O
oral	B-ANAT
alendronate	B-CHED
for	O
one	O
year	O
.	O

At	O
the	O
4	O
-	O
year	O
follow	O
-	O
up	O
,	O
significant	O
improvements	O
in	O
pain	O
score	O
and	O
Harris	O
hip	B-ANAT
score	O
were	O
observed	O
in	O
all	O
cases	O
(	O
p	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
001	O
).	O

None	O
required	O
surgical	O
intervention	O
including	O
hip	B-ANAT
replacement	O
.	O

MRI	O
showed	O
a	O
trend	O
of	O
reduction	O
in	O
bone	B-DISO
marrow	I-DISO
edema	I-DISO
and	O
the	O
size	O
of	O
the	O
lesion	O
,	O
but	O
no	O
changes	O
in	O
the	O
stage	O
of	O
the	O
lesion	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Fatal	O
outcome	O
after	O
insufficient	O
spine	B-COMP
fixation	O
for	O
pyogenic	O
thoracic	B-DISO
spondylodiscitis	B-DISO
:	O
an	O
imperative	O
for	O
360	O
degrees	O
fusion	O
of	O
the	O
infected	O
spine	O
.	O

Clinically	O
,	O
the	O
patient	O
showed	O
a	O
deteriorating	O
spastic	B-DISO
paraparesis	I-DISO
of	O
her	O
lower	B-ANAT
extremities	I-ANAT
.	O

Despite	O
the	O
successful	O
salvage	O
procedure	O
,	O
the	O
patient	O
deteriorated	O
in	O
the	O
postoperative	O
phase	O
,	O
when	O
she	O
developed	O
multiple	O
complications	O
including	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
,	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
,	O
bacterial	B-DISO
meningitis	I-DISO
,	O
abdominal	B-DISO
compartment	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
,	O
followed	O
by	O
septic	B-DISO
shock	I-DISO
with	O
multiple	B-DISO
organ	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
and	O
a	O
lethal	O
outcome	O
within	O
two	O
weeks	O
after	O
revision	O
surgery	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
emergence	O
of	O
a	O
previously	O
unknown	O
coronavirus	O
infection	O
,	O
Severe	B-DISO
Acute	I-DISO
Respiratory	I-DISO
Syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
),	O
demonstrated	O
that	O
fecally	O
contaminated	O
liquid	O
droplets	O
are	O
a	O
potential	O
vehicle	O
for	O
the	O
spread	O
of	O
a	O
respiratory	O
virus	B-SPEC
to	O
large	O
numbers	O
of	O
people	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Application	O
of	O
glucocorticoids	B-CHED
in	O
sepsis	B-DISO
or	O
severe	O
infection	B-DISO
is	O
disputable	O
in	O
clinic	O
.	O

In	O
this	O
experiment	O
,	O
we	O
studied	O
the	O
effect	O
of	O
dexamethasone	B-CHED
on	O
nitric	B-CHED
oxide	I-CHED
synthases	O
and	O
whether	O
dexamethasone	B-CHED
could	O
attenuate	O
endotoxin	O
-	O
induced	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
(	O
ALI	O
).	O

SD	O
rats	B-SPEC
received	O
5	O
mg	O
/	O
kg	O
lipopolisaccharide	O
(	O
LPS	B-DISO
)	O
injection	O
.	O

In	O
conclusion	O
,	O
dexamethasone	B-CHED
could	O
effectively	O
attenuate	O
endotoxin	O
-	O
induced	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
through	O
inhibiting	O
iNOS	B-PRGE
expression	B-PROC
and	O
activation	O
in	O
the	O
very	O
early	O
stage	O
of	O
ALI	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Antibody	B-FUNC
fragment	O
expression	B-PROC
and	O
purification	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Thermostability	O
of	O
the	O
N	O
-	O
terminal	O
RNA	O
-	O
binding	B-FUNC
domain	O
of	O
the	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
nucleocapsid	B-COMP
protein	B-CHED
:	O
experiments	O
and	O
numerical	O
simulations	O
.	O

Histological	O
examination	O
of	O
liver	B-ANAT
samples	O
showed	O
tissue	B-ANAT
damages	O
but	O
without	O
significant	O
differences	O
between	O
the	O
animals	B-SPEC
submitted	O
to	O
MHV	B-DISO
+	I-DISO
CCl	I-DISO
(	O
4	O
)	O
and	O
controls	O
,	O
which	O
were	O
either	O
infected	O
by	O
MHV	B-SPEC
without	O
CCl	B-DISO
(	O
4	O
),	O
or	O
poisoned	O
by	O
CCl	B-DISO
(	O
4	O
)	O
in	O
the	O
absence	O
of	O
MHV	B-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
.	O

A	O
recombinant	O
adenovirus	B-DISO
encoding	O
SARS	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
nucleocapsid	B-COMP
protein	B-CHED
(	O
rAd	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
N	I-PRGE
)	O
was	O
constructed	O
.	O

Other	O
branches	O
of	O
the	O
UPR	O
pathways	B-PROC
controlled	O
by	O
IRE1	B-PRGE
and	O
ATF6	B-PRGE
proteins	I-PRGE
,	O
respectively	O
,	O
are	O
not	O
involved	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Association	O
of	O
cytokine	O
and	O
chemokine	O
gene	B-PROC
polymorphisms	I-PROC
with	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

The	O
polymorphisms	B-PROC
of	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
10	I-FUNC
,	O
TNF	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
alpha	I-PRGE
,	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
12	I-FUNC
,	O
IP	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
10	I-PRGE
,	O
Mig	B-PRGE
and	O
MCP	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
are	O
not	O
associated	O
with	O
SARS	B-PRGE
susceptibility	I-PRGE
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Differential	O
stepwise	O
evolution	B-PROC
of	O
SARS	B-PRGE
coronavirus	B-SPEC
functional	I-PRGE
proteins	B-CHED
in	O
different	O
host	B-COMP
species	B-SPEC
.	O

These	O
results	O
support	O
the	O
hypothesis	O
that	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
originated	O
from	O
bats	B-SPEC
and	O
that	O
the	O
spill	O
over	O
into	O
civets	B-SPEC
and	O
humans	B-SPEC
were	O
more	O
recent	O
events	O
.	O

A	O
review	O
of	O
Hong	O
Kong	O
'	O
s	O
infectious	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
legislation	O
was	O
conducted	O
with	O
a	O
view	O
to	O
updating	O
the	O
legal	O
framework	O
for	O
the	O
prevention	O
of	O
infectious	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
,	O
in	O
order	B-SPEC
to	O
strengthen	O
the	O
capacity	O
of	O
law	O
to	O
support	O
strategy	O
in	O
the	O
control	O
of	O
infectious	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
.	O

This	O
previously	O
healthy	O
8	O
-	O
month	O
-	O
old	O
boy	O
presented	O
with	O
acute	O
superior	O
limb	B-DISO
weakness	I-DISO
,	O
absent	B-DISO
tendon	I-DISO
reflexes	B-PROC
,	O
and	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
.	O

Spinal	O
magnetic	O
resonance	O
imaging	O
showed	O
an	O
extensive	O
cervical	B-ANAT
demyelinating	O
lesion	O
.	O

Afterward	O
,	O
sural	B-ANAT
nerve	I-ANAT
biopsy	O
showed	O
a	O
mild	O
neuropathy	B-DISO
,	O
but	O
muscle	B-ANAT
biopsy	O
revealed	O
abnormalities	O
compatible	O
with	O
severe	O
critical	B-DISO
illness	I-DISO
myopathy	I-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
nsp1	O
protein	B-CHED
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
),	O
a	O
group	O
2b	O
CoV	O
,	O
suppresses	O
host	B-COMP
gene	B-PROC
expression	I-PROC
by	O
promoting	O
host	B-COMP
mRNA	B-PROC
degradation	I-PROC
and	O
translation	B-PROC
inhibition	B-PROC
.	O

This	O
commentary	O
introduces	O
the	O
technique	O
of	O
network	O
analysis	O
as	O
a	O
framework	O
for	O
the	O
following	O
:	O
(	O
1	O
)	O
understanding	O
how	O
critically	B-DISO
ill	I-DISO
patients	O
move	B-PROC
between	O
hospitals	O
,	O
(	O
2	O
)	O
defining	O
the	O
roles	O
hospitals	O
play	O
in	O
regional	O
care	O
delivery	O
,	O
and	O
(	O
3	O
)	O
suggesting	O
systematic	O
improvements	O
that	O
may	O
benefit	O
population	O
health	O
.	O

Continuous	O
renal	B-ANAT
replacement	O
therapy	O
(	O
CRRT	O
)	O
has	O
become	O
the	O
preferred	O
method	O
of	O
renal	B-ANAT
support	O
in	O
these	O
patients	O
though	O
there	O
is	O
limited	O
data	O
to	O
support	O
its	O
safety	O
.	O

Furthermore	O
,	O
exacerbations	O
of	O
cerebral	B-DISO
edema	I-DISO
have	O
been	O
reported	O
.	O

Fifteen	O
consecutive	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
ARDS	B-DISO
,	O
previously	O
unresponsive	O
to	O
positive	O
end	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
expiratory	I-PROC
pressure	O
adjustment	O
,	O
were	O
treated	O
with	O
PPV	B-CHED
.	O

3	O
vs	O
37	O
+/-	O
6	O
,	O
P	O
<	O
.	O
0001	O
)	O
with	O
extended	O
PPV	B-CHED
.	O

Little	O
is	O
written	O
in	O
the	O
Emergency	B-DISO
Medicine	B-CHED
literature	O
regarding	O
this	O
clinical	O
entity	O
.	O

In	O
this	O
report	O
,	O
a	O
brief	O
review	O
of	O
BACM	O
from	O
the	O
current	O
literature	O
is	O
provided	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
tools	O
to	O
aid	O
in	O
differentiating	O
it	O
from	O
more	O
severe	O
but	O
similar	O
disorders	O
such	O
as	O
rhabdomyolysis	B-DISO
and	O
Guillain	O
-	O
Barré	O
syndrome	B-DISO
.	O

Corticosteroid	B-CHED
and	O
calcitonin	B-PRGE
were	O
prescribed	O
to	O
reduce	O
the	O
plasma	B-ANAT
calcium	B-CHED
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Helminthic	O
eosinophilic	B-DISO
meningitis	I-DISO
:	O
emerging	O
zoonotic	O
diseases	O
in	O
the	O
South	O
.	O

Baylisascariasis	O
,	O
a	O
raccoon	B-SPEC
zoonosis	B-DISO
,	O
caused	O
by	O
the	O
raccoon	B-SPEC
roundworm	B-DISO
,	O
Baylisascaris	B-SPEC
procyonis	I-SPEC
,	O
has	O
extended	O
its	O
US	O
distribution	O
range	O
from	O
suburban	O
neighborhoods	O
in	O
the	O
northern	O
US	O
to	O
the	O
Southeast	O
and	O
West	O
Coast	O
since	O
the	O
1980s	O
.	O

Severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
poses	O
a	O
threat	O
to	O
the	O
blood	B-PROC
supply	I-PROC
but	O
has	O
never	O
been	O
transmitted	B-DISO
in	O
a	O
transfusion	O
.	O

Prions	O
also	O
have	O
been	O
transmitted	B-DISO
by	O
a	O
blood	B-ANAT
transfusion	O
.	O

After	O
adjusting	O
for	O
age	O
,	O
gender	O
,	O
marital	O
status	O
,	O
educational	O
level	O
,	O
professional	O
title	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
department	O
in	O
which	O
an	O
individual	O
worked	O
,	O
the	O
results	O
of	O
a	O
multivariate	O
logistic	O
regression	O
analysis	O
indicated	O
that	O
incidence	O
of	O
SARS	O
among	O
HCWs	O
was	O
significantly	O
and	O
positively	O
associated	O
with	O
:	O
performing	O
tracheal	O
intubations	O
for	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
,	O
methods	O
used	O
for	O
air	B-CHED
ventilation	O
in	O
wards	O
,	O
avoiding	O
face	B-DISO
-	O
to	O
-	O
face	B-DISO
interaction	O
with	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
,	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
pairs	O
of	O
gloves	O
worn	O
by	O
HCWs	O
,	O
and	O
caring	O
for	O
serious	O
SARS	B-DISO
cases	O
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
Some	O
measures	O
,	O
particularly	O
good	O
air	B-CHED
ventilation	O
in	O
SARS	B-DISO
wards	O
,	O
may	O
be	O
effective	O
in	O
minimizing	O
or	O
preventing	O
SARS	B-DISO
transmission	O
among	O
HCWs	O
in	O
hospitals	O
.	O

In	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
we	O
showed	O
co	O
-	O
purification	O
of	O
the	O
M	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
from	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
IBV	B-SPEC
)	O
with	O
actin	B-PRGE
.	O

Introduction	O
of	O
the	O
A159	O
-	O
K160	O
mutation	O
into	O
an	O
infectious	B-DISO
IBV	B-SPEC
clone	O
system	O
blocks	O
the	O
infectivity	O
of	O
the	O
clone	O
,	O
although	O
viral	O
RNA	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
and	O
subgenomic	O
mRNA	B-PROC
transcription	B-PROC
were	O
actively	O
detected	O
.	O

This	O
study	O
reveals	O
an	O
essential	O
function	O
of	O
actin	B-PRGE
in	O
the	O
replication	O
cycle	O
of	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Timely	O
identification	O
of	O
optimal	O
control	O
strategies	O
for	O
emerging	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
.	O

In	O
future	O
outbreaks	O
of	O
new	O
human	B-SPEC
diseases	O
transmitted	B-DISO
via	O
close	O
interpersonal	O
contact	O
,	O
it	O
should	O
be	O
possible	O
to	O
identify	O
the	O
optimal	O
intervention	O
early	O
enough	O
to	O
facilitate	O
effective	O
decision	O
-	O
making	O
.	O

We	O
conclude	O
that	O
transduction	B-PROC
of	O
antigen	B-ANAT
-	I-ANAT
presenting	I-ANAT
cells	B-COMP
within	O
the	O
CNS	B-CHED
is	O
a	O
likely	O
cause	O
of	O
this	O
response	O
and	O
that	O
caution	O
is	O
warranted	O
when	O
foreign	O
transgenes	O
are	O
used	O
as	O
reporters	O
in	O
gene	O
therapy	O
studies	O
with	O
vectors	O
with	O
broader	O
tropism	B-PROC
than	O
AAV2	B-SPEC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
A	O
26	O
-	O
year	O
-	O
old	O
man	B-CHED
developed	O
acute	B-DISO
disseminated	I-DISO
encephalomyelitis	I-DISO
(	O
ADEM	O
)	O
after	O
Mycoplasma	B-SPEC
pneumoniae	I-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
was	O
admitted	O
after	O
developing	O
disturbed	O
consciousness	O
.	O

ADEM	O
following	O
mixed	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
with	O
measles	B-PATH
and	O
M	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
pneumoniae	I-SPEC
is	O
rare	O
,	O
and	O
it	O
is	O
not	O
clear	O
whether	O
an	O
additional	O
infection	B-DISO
with	O
measles	B-PATH
influenced	O
the	O
onset	O
of	O
ADEM	O
after	O
M	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
pneumoniae	I-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
.	O

Moreover	O
,	O
such	O
infection	B-DISO
was	O
accompanied	O
by	O
a	O
more	O
profound	O
immune	B-DISO
suppression	I-DISO
in	O
the	O
former	O
,	O
as	O
evidenced	O
by	O
the	O
extensive	O
loss	O
of	O
T	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
,	O
compromised	O
responses	O
to	O
concanavalin	O
A	O
stimulation	O
,	O
and	O
absence	O
of	O
inflammatory	O
infiltrates	B-DISO
within	O
the	O
brain	B-ANAT
.	O

We	O
also	O
found	O
that	O
CD8	B-PRGE
(+)	O
T	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
were	O
partially	O
effective	O
in	O
attenuating	O
the	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
CoV	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
in	O
lethality	O
-	O
resistant	O
AC22	O
mice	B-SPEC
.	O

Here	O
,	O
we	O
show	O
that	O
the	O
bacterially	O
expressed	B-PROC
nsp11	O
proteins	O
of	O
two	O
arteriviruses	B-SPEC
,	O
equine	B-SPEC
arteritis	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
and	O
porcine	B-SPEC
respiratory	I-SPEC
and	I-SPEC
reproductive	I-SPEC
syndrome	B-DISO
virus	I-SPEC
,	O
possess	B-DISO
pyrimidine	B-CHED
-	O
specific	O
endoribonuclease	B-FUNC
activity	I-FUNC
.	O

RNA	O
cleavage	B-PROC
was	O
independent	O
of	O
divalent	O
cations	B-CHED
in	O
vitro	O
and	O
was	O
greatly	O
reduced	O
by	O
replacement	O
of	O
residues	O
previously	O
implicated	O
in	O
catalysis	O
.	O

Our	O
data	O
provide	O
the	O
first	O
biochemical	O
evidence	O
of	O
endoribonuclease	B-FUNC
activity	I-FUNC
associated	O
with	O
arterivirus	B-SPEC
nsp11	O
and	O
support	O
the	O
conclusion	O
that	O
this	O
remarkable	O
RNA	O
-	O
processing	O
enzyme	O
,	O
whose	O
substrate	O
in	O
the	O
infected	O
cell	B-COMP
remains	O
to	O
be	O
identified	O
,	O
distinguishes	O
nidoviruses	B-SPEC
from	O
all	O
other	O
RNA	O
viruses	B-SPEC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Recombinant	B-PRGE
Ov	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
ASP	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
,	O
a	O
Th1	O
-	O
biased	O
protein	B-CHED
adjuvant	B-CHED
derived	O
from	O
the	O
helminth	O
Onchocerca	B-SPEC
volvulus	B-DISO
,	O
can	O
directly	O
bind	B-FUNC
and	O
activate	O
antigen	B-ANAT
-	I-ANAT
presenting	I-ANAT
cells	B-COMP
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Prokaryotic	O
expression	B-PROC
of	O
S2	O
extracellular	B-COMP
domain	O
of	O
SARS	B-PRGE
coronavirus	B-SPEC
spike	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
and	O
its	O
fusion	O
with	O
Hela	O
cell	O
membrane	O
].	O

When	O
incubated	O
with	O
Hela	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
,	O
the	O
purified	O
protein	B-CHED
could	O
not	O
internalize	O
through	O
membrane	B-COMP
fusion	I-PROC
.	O

The	O
expression	O
plasmid	O
containing	O
S2ED	O
of	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
Cov	I-PRGE
S	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
and	O
EGFP	O
sequence	O
is	O
constructed	O
successfully	O
.	O

Isolation	O
of	O
Fusobacterium	B-SPEC
necrophorum	I-SPEC
from	O
the	O
blood	B-ANAT
culture	O
and	O
the	O
contrast	O
-	O
enhanced	O
scan	O
revealed	O
thrombosis	B-DISO
and	O
thrombophlebitis	B-DISO
in	O
the	O
left	B-ANAT
internal	I-ANAT
jugular	I-ANAT
vein	I-ANAT
.	O

Considerable	O
progress	O
has	O
been	O
made	O
since	O
SARS	B-DISO
in	O
addressing	O
these	O
limitations	O
,	O
including	O
the	O
creation	O
of	O
the	O
new	O
Public	O
Health	O
Agency	O
of	O
Canada	O
.	O

The	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
tests	O
were	O
negative	O
to	O
influenza	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
A	O
/	O
B	O
,	O
adenovirus	B-DISO
,	O
RSV	B-SPEC
,	O
parainfluenza	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
,	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
,	O
Nipah	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
and	O
Legionella	B-SPEC
.	O

Blood	B-ANAT
culture	O
was	O
negative	O
in	O
all	O
except	O
patient	O
no	O
.	O
1	O
,	O
who	O
was	O
found	O
positive	O
for	O
coagulase	O
-	O
negative	O
staphylococci	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Multiple	O
-	O
type	O
human	B-DISO
papillomavirus	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
in	O
male	O
anogenital	O
sites	O
:	O
prevalence	O
and	O
associated	O
factors	O
.	O

Detection	O
of	O
multiple	O
HPV	O
types	O
in	O
this	O
study	O
of	O
primarily	O
asymptomatic	O
men	O
was	O
common	O
,	O
particularly	O
at	O
external	O
genital	B-ANAT
sites	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Surfactant	B-CHED
treatment	O
in	O
preterm	O
infants	O
and	O
term	O
newborns	O
with	O
ARDS	B-DISO
-	O
like	O
severe	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
has	O
become	O
part	O
of	O
an	O
individualised	O
treatment	O
strategy	O
in	O
many	O
intensive	O
care	O
units	O
around	O
the	O
world	O
.	O

The	O
structure	O
of	O
the	O
M	O
(	O
pro	B-CHED
)-	O
C	O
monomer	O
is	O
almost	O
identical	O
to	O
that	O
of	O
the	O
C	O
-	O
terminal	O
domain	O
in	O
the	O
crystal	B-ANAT
structure	O
of	O
M	B-PRGE
(	I-PRGE
pro	I-PRGE
).	I-PRGE

Introduction	O
of	O
a	O
furin	B-PRGE
cleavage	B-PROC
site	O
at	O
the	O
S2	O
'	O
position	O
allowed	O
trypsin	B-PRGE
-	O
independent	O
cell	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
cell	B-COMP
fusion	I-PROC
,	O
which	O
was	O
strongly	O
increased	O
by	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
a	O
second	O
furin	B-ENZY
cleavage	B-PROC
site	O
at	O
the	O
S1	O
-	O
S2	O
position	O
.	O

Both	O
the	O
transmembrane	B-COMP
domains	O
of	O
E	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
are	O
required	O
to	O
interact	O
with	O
M	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
,	O
while	O
either	O
of	O
the	O
hydrophilic	O
regions	O
(	O
a	O
.	O
a	O
.	O

These	O
observations	O
could	O
explain	O
the	O
failure	O
of	O
the	O
Massachusetts	O
serotype	O
vaccination	O
programmes	O
to	O
control	O
IBV	B-SPEC
in	O
these	O
flocks	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Virus	B-SPEC
shedding	I-DISO
and	O
serum	B-COMP
antibody	B-PROC
responses	I-PROC
during	O
experimental	O
turkey	B-SPEC
coronavirus	B-SPEC
infections	I-DISO
in	O
young	O
turkey	O
poults	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
course	O
of	O
turkey	B-SPEC
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
TCoV	B-SPEC
)	O
infection	B-DISO
in	O
young	O
turkey	B-SPEC
poults	O
was	O
examined	O
using	O
a	O
field	O
isolate	O
(	O
TCoV	B-SPEC
-	O
MG10	O
)	O
from	O
a	O
diarrhoeal	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
outbreak	O
on	O
a	O
commercial	O
turkey	B-SPEC
farm	O
in	O
Ontario	O
,	O
Canada	O
.	O

Two	O
-	O
day	O
-	O
old	O
and	O
28	O
-	O
day	O
-	O
old	O
poults	O
were	O
inoculated	O
orally	B-ANAT
with	O
TCoV	O
-	O
MG10	O
to	O
examine	O
the	O
effect	O
of	O
age	O
on	O
viral	B-DISO
shedding	I-DISO
and	O
serum	B-COMP
antibody	B-PROC
responses	I-PROC
to	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
.	O

The	O
pattern	O
of	O
cloacal	B-ANAT
TCoV	O
shedding	O
was	O
examined	O
by	O
reverse	O
-	O
transcription	B-PROC
polymerase	O
chain	O
reaction	O
amplification	B-DISO
of	O
the	O
nucleocapsid	B-COMP
gene	O
fragment	O
.	O

TCoV	B-PRGE
serum	I-PRGE
antibody	B-PROC
responses	I-PROC
were	O
assessed	O
with	O
two	O
recently	O
developed	O
TCoV	O
enzyme	O
-	O
linked	O
immunosorbent	O
assays	O
that	O
used	O
TCoV	O
nucleocapsid	B-COMP
and	O
S1	O
polypeptides	B-CHED
as	O
coating	O
antigens	B-CHED
.	O

Within	O
S	O
the	O
receptor	B-FUNC
binding	I-FUNC
domain	O
(	O
RBD	O
)	O
mediates	O
the	O
interaction	O
with	O
angiotensin	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
converting	I-PRGE
enzyme	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
(	O
ACE2	B-PRGE
),	O
the	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
host	B-COMP
cell	I-COMP
receptor	I-PRGE
.	O

Reported	O
here	O
is	O
the	O
X	O
-	O
ray	B-SPEC
crystal	B-ANAT
structure	O
of	O
the	O
RBD	O
in	O
complex	O
with	O
the	O
Fab	B-PRGE
of	O
a	O
neutralizing	O
mouse	B-PRGE
monoclonal	I-PRGE
antibody	B-COMP
,	O
F26G19	O
,	O
elicited	O
by	O
immunization	O
with	O
chemically	O
inactivated	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
.	O
The	O
RBD	O
-	O
F26G19	O
Fab	B-PRGE
complex	I-PRGE
represents	O
the	O
first	O
example	O
of	O
the	O
structural	O
characterization	O
of	O
an	O
antibody	B-COMP
elicited	O
by	O
an	O
immune	B-PROC
response	I-PROC
to	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
or	O
any	O
fragment	O
of	O
it	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Minimally	O
cultured	O
bone	B-ANAT
marrow	I-ANAT
mesenchymal	B-ANAT
stem	I-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
ameliorate	O
fibrotic	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Multiple	O
organ	O
damage	O
in	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
patients	O
is	O
common	O
;	O
however	O
,	O
the	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
remains	O
controversial	O
.	O

Abundant	O
ACE2	O
immunostaining	O
was	O
found	O
in	O
lung	B-ANAT
,	O
kidney	B-ANAT
,	O
heart	B-ANAT
,	O
and	O
islets	O
of	O
pancreas	B-ANAT
,	O
but	O
not	O
in	O
hepatocytes	B-ANAT
.	O

MHV	B-SPEC
-	O
3	O
infected	O
CD4	B-PRGE
-	O
CD8	B-PRGE
-	O
T	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
showed	O
significant	O
cytotoxic	O
effect	O
on	O
CD8	B-PRGE
+	I-PRGE
T	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
,	O
but	O
not	O
on	O
infected	O
hepatocytes	B-ANAT
or	O
MCMV	B-SPEC
infected	O
CD8	B-PRGE
+	I-PRGE
T	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
in	O
Jordanian	O
chickens	B-SPEC
:	O
seroprevalence	O
and	O
detection	O
.	O

In	O
addition	O
,	O
51	O
commercial	O
chicken	B-SPEC
flocks	O
(	O
25	O
broilers	O
,	O
15	O
layers	B-ANAT
,	O
and	O
11	O
broiler	O
breeders	O
)	O
suffering	B-DISO
from	O
respiratory	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
were	O
tested	O
for	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
IBV	B-SPEC
,	O
using	O
the	O
reverse	O
-	O
transcription	B-PROC
polymerase	O
chain	O
reaction	O
.	O

IL	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
12p40	I-PRGE
mRNA	I-PRGE
rapidly	O
increases	O
after	O
neurotropic	O
coronavirus	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
.	O

IL	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
17	I-PROC
-	O
producing	O
cells	B-COMP
never	O
exceeded	O
background	O
levels	O
,	O
supporting	O
a	O
redundant	O
role	O
of	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
23	I-FUNC
in	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
.	O

Reduced	O
morbidity	O
in	O
infected	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
12	I-FUNC
deficient	O
mice	B-SPEC
was	O
also	O
not	O
associated	O
with	O
altered	O
recruitment	B-DISO
or	O
composition	O
of	O
inflammatory	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
.	O

However	O
,	O
gamma	B-PRGE
interferon	I-PRGE
(	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
gamma	I-PRGE
)	O
levels	O
and	O
virus	B-SPEC
-	O
specific	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
gamma	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
secreting	I-PRGE
CD4	I-PRGE
and	O
CD8	B-PRGE
T	I-PRGE
cells	O
were	O
all	O
reduced	O
in	O
the	O
central	O
nervous	O
systems	O
(	O
CNS	B-CHED
)	O
of	O
infected	O
p35	B-COMP
(-/-)	O
mice	B-SPEC
.	O

Furthermore	O
,	O
although	O
transforming	B-PRGE
growth	I-PRGE
factor	I-PRGE
beta	I-PRGE
mRNA	B-CHED
was	O
not	O
affected	O
,	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
10	I-FUNC
was	O
increased	O
in	O
the	O
CNS	B-CHED
in	O
the	O
absence	O
of	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
12	I-FUNC
.	O

Most	O
neonates	O
receiving	O
ECMO	O
suffer	B-DISO
from	O
meconium	B-DISO
aspiration	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
MAS	B-COMP
),	O
congenital	B-DISO
diaphragmatic	I-DISO
hernia	I-DISO
(	O
CDH	B-DISO
),	O
sepsis	B-DISO
or	O
persistent	B-DISO
pulmonary	I-DISO
hypertension	I-DISO
(	O
PPH	B-FUNC
).	O

In	O
a	O
prospective	O
population	O
-	O
based	O
study	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
224	O
)	O
174	O
five	O
-	O
year	O
-	O
old	O
survivors	O
born	O
between	O
1993	O
and	O
2000	O
and	O
treated	O
in	O
the	O
two	O
designated	O
ECMO	O
centres	O
in	O
the	O
Netherlands	O
(	O
Radboud	O
University	O
Medical	O
Centre	O
Nijmegen	O
and	O
Sophia	O
Children	O
'	O
s	O
Hospital	O
,	O
Erasmus	O
MC	O
-	O
University	O
Medical	O
Center	O
Rotterdam	O
)	O
were	O
invited	O
to	O
undergo	O
follow	O
-	O
up	O
assessment	O
including	O
a	O
paediatric	O
assessment	O
,	O
the	O
movement	O
assessment	O
battery	O
for	O
children	O
(	O
MABC	O
),	O
the	O
revised	O
Amsterdam	O
intelligence	O
test	O
(	O
RAKIT	O
)	O
and	O
the	O
child	O
behaviour	B-PROC
checklist	O
(	O
CBCL	O
).	O

Chi	B-CHED
-	O
squared	O
tests	O
showed	O
adverse	O
outcome	O
in	O
MABC	O
scores	O
(	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
001	O
)	O
compared	O
with	O
the	O
reference	O
population	O
in	O
children	O
with	O
CDH	B-DISO
,	O
sepsis	B-DISO
and	O
PPH	B-FUNC
,	O
but	O
not	O
in	O
children	O
with	O
MAS	B-COMP
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Genetic	O
diversity	O
and	O
phylogenetic	O
analysis	O
of	O
Feline	B-SPEC
Coronavirus	B-SPEC
sequences	O
from	O
Portugal	O
.	O

Results	O
of	O
the	O
recombinant	B-PRGE
S	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
-	O
based	O
ELISA	O
were	O
validated	O
with	O
Western	O
blot	O
,	O
immunofluorescence	O
analysis	O
and	O
flow	O
cytometry	O
.	O

We	O
showed	O
that	O
virus	B-SPEC
-	O
infected	O
macrophages	B-ANAT
overproduce	O
neutrophil	O
survival	O
factors	O
,	O
and	O
these	O
factors	O
act	O
on	O
neutrophils	B-ANAT
and	O
up	O
-	O
regulate	O
their	O
survival	O
.	O

After	O
treatment	O
of	O
A549	O
cells	B-COMP
with	O
EtP	B-CHED
,	O
a	O
substantial	O
reduction	O
in	O
the	O
cytokine	O
-	O
induced	O
adhesion	B-DISO
of	O
neutrophils	B-ANAT
to	O
monolayers	O
was	O
noted	O
,	O
whereas	O
sodium	B-PRGE
pyruvate	I-PRGE
(	I-PRGE
NaP	B-PROC
)	I-PRGE
conferred	O
no	O
reduction	O
.	O

This	O
suggested	O
that	O
genetic	B-PROC
recombination	I-PROC
between	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
strains	O
classified	O
into	O
different	O
genetic	O
groups	O
had	O
occurred	O
in	O
poultry	O
,	O
and	O
that	O
recombinant	O
viruses	B-SPEC
might	O
be	O
epidemic	O
in	O
Japan	O
.	O

Miliary	B-DISO
tuberculosis	I-DISO
should	O
be	O
kept	O
in	O
mind	O
as	O
a	O
cause	O
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
reduction	O
in	O
absolute	O
risk	O
of	O
death	B-PROC
was	O
approximately	O
4	O
%.	O

Preliminary	O
results	O
from	O
recent	O
studies	O
suggest	O
these	O
drugs	O
up	O
-	O
regulate	O
the	O
production	O
of	O
interferons	O
(-	O
alpha	O
,	O
-	O
beta	O
,	O
and	O
-	O
gamma	O
),	O
and	O
tumor	B-FUNC
necrosis	I-FUNC
factor	I-FUNC
(	O
TNF	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
alpha	I-PRGE
)	O
but	O
downregulate	O
some	O
proinflammatory	O
cytokines	O
including	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
2	I-FUNC
and	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
4	I-FUNC
.	O

The	O
clinical	O
safety	O
of	O
these	O
drugs	O
and	O
their	O
efficacy	O
in	O
pre	O
-	O
clinical	O
studies	O
may	O
provide	O
sufficient	O
justification	O
for	O
regulatory	O
agencies	O
to	O
consider	O
their	O
fast	B-FUNC
track	O
development	B-PROC
for	O
use	O
in	O
future	O
outbreaks	O
of	O
pandemic	O
influenza	B-DISO
or	O
of	O
other	O
emerging	O
respiratory	O
pathogens	O
.	O

In	O
order	B-SPEC
to	O
assess	O
the	O
role	O
of	O
activated	O
neutrophils	B-ANAT
,	O
pro	B-CHED
-	O
and	O
anti	O
-	O
inflammatory	O
cytokines	O
and	O
adhesion	B-DISO
molecules	O
at	O
the	O
onset	O
and	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
respiratory	B-DISO
complications	I-DISO
and	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
,	O
we	O
measured	O
the	O
serum	B-COMP
levels	O
of	O
pro	B-CHED
-	O
inflammatory	O
(	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
1	I-FUNC
beta	O
,	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
6	I-FUNC
,	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
8	I-FUNC
,	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
18	I-FUNC
,	O
TNF	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
alpha	I-PRGE
)	O
and	O
anti	O
-	O
inflammatory	O
(	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
1	I-FUNC
ra	O
,	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
10	I-FUNC
)	O
cytokines	O
in	O
51	O
AP	O
patients	O
who	O
had	O
been	O
diagnosed	O
with	O
pancreatitis	B-DISO
-	O
associated	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
with	O
and	O
without	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
organ	B-ANAT
dysfunction	O
.	O

Increase	O
in	O
the	O
concentrations	O
of	O
adhesion	B-DISO
molecules	O
preceded	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
infiltration	I-DISO
with	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
symptoms	O
,	O
which	O
provoked	O
endothelial	B-DISO
dysfunction	I-DISO
and	O
determined	O
the	O
capillary	B-ANAT
surface	O
permeability	O
for	O
neutrophils	B-ANAT
and	O
monocytes	B-ANAT
.	O

Notably	O
,	O
nsp1	B-PRGE
specifically	O
binds	B-FUNC
SLIII	O
and	O
its	O
flanking	O
sequences	O
in	O
the	O
5	O
'	O
UTR	O
with	O
approximately	O
2	O
.	O
5	O
muM	B-SPEC
affinity	O
.	O

Additionally	O
,	O
under	O
conditions	O
enabling	O
expression	B-PROC
of	O
nsp1	B-PRGE
from	O
DI	O
RNA	O
-	O
encoded	O
subgenomic	O
mRNA	B-CHED
,	O
DI	B-PRGE
RNA	I-PRGE
levels	O
were	O
greatly	O
reduced	O
,	O
but	O
there	O
was	O
only	O
a	O
slight	O
transient	O
reduction	O
in	O
viral	O
RNA	O
levels	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Carcinoembryonic	O
antigen	O
-	O
related	O
cell	B-PROC
adhesion	B-DISO
molecule	O
1	O
(	O
CEACAM1	B-PRGE
)	O
regulates	O
intestinal	B-ANAT
immunological	O
homeostasis	B-PROC
.	O

However	O
,	O
precise	O
expression	B-PROC
patterns	O
of	O
CEACAM1	B-PRGE
isoforms	I-PRGE
remain	O
poorly	O
understood	O
in	O
the	O
intestinal	B-ANAT
epithelia	O
.	O

Among	O
them	O
,	O
CEACAM1	O
(	O
a	O
)-	O
4C1	O
was	O
the	O
major	O
secreted	B-PROC
isoform	O
in	O
vivo	O
due	O
to	O
the	O
soluble	O
/	O
secreted	B-PROC
CEACAM1	O
(	O
a	O
)	O
with	O
a	O
frameshift	B-DISO
sequence	O
in	O
the	O
C	O
-	O
terminus	O
,	O
specific	O
for	O
CEACAM1	O
(	O
a	O
)-	O
2C1	O
and	O
-	O
4C1	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Translational	B-PROC
control	O
of	O
the	O
subgenomic	O
RNAs	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
.	O

In	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
we	O
focus	O
on	O
the	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
papain	B-ENZY
-	I-PRGE
like	I-PRGE
protease	I-PRGE
(	O
PLP	B-PRGE
),	O
which	O
engages	O
and	O
antagonizes	O
the	O
IFN	B-PRGE
induction	O
and	O
NF	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
kappaB	I-PRGE
signaling	B-PROC
pathways	B-PROC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
The	O
SR	O
-	O
rich	O
motif	O
in	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
nucleocapsid	B-COMP
protein	B-CHED
is	O
important	O
for	O
virus	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
.	O

The	O
mutated	O
infectious	B-DISO
clone	O
showed	O
reduced	O
level	O
of	O
genome	O
transcription	B-PROC
and	O
significantly	O
reduced	O
levels	O
of	O
the	O
infectious	B-DISO
virions	B-COMP
.	O

The	O
best	O
docking	B-PROC
score	O
and	O
binding	B-FUNC
energy	O
for	O
6MP	O
and	O
6TG	O
is	O
against	O
ubiquitin	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
specific	I-PRGE
protease	I-PRGE
(	I-PRGE
USP	B-FUNC
)	I-PRGE
14	I-PRGE
,	O
suggesting	O
that	O
6MP	O
and	O
6TG	O
are	O
potential	O
inhibitors	B-CHED
of	O
USP14	B-PRGE
.	O

The	O
data	O
of	O
the	O
patient	O
infected	O
by	O
the	O
influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
(	O
H5N1	B-DISO
)	O
admitted	O
to	O
People	O
'	O
s	O
Hospital	O
of	O
Guizhou	O
Province	O
on	O
January	O
15	O
,	O
2009	O
,	O
were	O
analyzed	O
and	O
summarized	O
.	O

The	O
patient	O
,	O
a	O
29	O
-	O
year	O
-	O
old	O
man	B-CHED
,	O
had	O
been	O
healthy	O
in	O
the	O
past	O
,	O
but	O
had	O
exposed	O
to	O
the	O
environment	O
of	O
bird	B-DISO
flu	I-DISO
before	O
illness	O
.	O

The	O
patient	O
'	O
s	O
condition	B-DISO
improved	O
day	O
by	O
day	O
without	O
developing	O
multiple	O
organ	B-ANAT
dysfunction	O
.	O

Furthermore	O
,	O
this	O
approach	O
determines	O
the	O
subcellular	O
localization	B-PROC
of	O
the	O
recombinant	O
protein	B-CHED
in	O
plant	B-SPEC
cells	B-COMP
,	O
providing	O
information	O
on	O
optimal	O
subcellular	O
targeting	B-PROC
for	O
production	O
in	O
plant	B-SPEC
bioreactors	O
.	O

Two	O
foldable	O
fragments	O
for	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
spike	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
were	O
identified	O
,	O
which	O
coincide	O
with	O
various	O
anti	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
SARS	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
peptides	B-CHED
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
We	O
report	O
a	O
1	O
-	O
year	O
-	O
old	O
child	O
born	O
with	O
agenesis	B-DISO
of	O
the	O
right	B-ANAT
lung	I-ANAT
who	O
sustained	O
an	O
episode	O
of	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
related	O
to	O
a	O
postpneumonectomy	O
-	O
like	O
syndrome	B-DISO
,	O
with	O
severe	O
mediastinal	B-ANAT
shift	O
and	O
subsequent	O
stretching	O
and	O
stenosis	B-DISO
of	O
the	O
left	B-ANAT
main	I-ANAT
bronchus	I-ANAT
.	O

Analysis	O
of	O
virus	B-SPEC
-	O
susceptible	O
target	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
in	O
vivo	O
revealed	O
that	O
B7	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
H1	I-PRGE
expression	B-PROC
was	O
regulated	O
in	O
a	O
cell	B-COMP
type	I-COMP
-	O
dependent	O
manner	O
.	O

Depending	O
on	O
the	O
localization	B-PROC
and	O
the	O
size	O
of	O
the	O
mediastinal	B-ANAT
tumour	B-DISO
,	O
the	O
clinical	O
presentation	O
is	O
variable	O
ranging	O
from	O
a	O
complete	O
lack	O
of	O
symptoms	O
to	O
severe	O
cardiorespiratory	O
problems	O
.	O

We	O
have	O
found	O
it	O
helpful	O
to	O
assign	O
'	O
severity	O
grade	O
'	O
(	O
using	O
a	O
three	O
-	O
grade	O
clinical	O
classification	O
scale	O
:	O
'	O
safe	O
',	O
'	O
uncertain	O
',	O
'	O
unsafe	O
'),	O
whereby	O
each	O
stage	O
triggers	O
appropriate	O
action	O
in	O
terms	O
of	O
staffing	O
and	O
apparatus	B-ANAT
,	O
such	O
as	O
the	O
provision	O
of	O
alternatives	O
for	O
airway	B-ANAT
management	O
,	O
cardiopulmonary	B-ANAT
bypass	O
and	O
additional	O
specialists	O
.	O

Tumour	B-DISO
compression	I-DISO
on	O
the	O
airways	O
or	O
the	O
great	B-ANAT
vessels	I-ANAT
may	O
create	O
a	O
critical	O
respiratory	O
and	O
/	O
or	O
haemodynamic	O
situation	O
,	O
and	O
therefore	O
the	O
standard	O
of	O
intraoperative	O
management	O
includes	O
induction	O
of	O
anaesthesia	B-DISO
in	O
the	O
operating	O
theatre	O
on	O
an	O
adjustable	O
surgical	O
table	O
,	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
short	O
-	O
acting	O
anaesthetics	B-CHED
,	O
avoidance	O
of	O
muscle	B-CHED
relaxants	I-CHED
and	O
maintenance	O
of	O
spontaneous	O
respiration	B-PROC
.	O

In	O
the	O
case	O
of	O
patients	O
classified	O
as	O
'	O
safe	O
'	O
or	O
'	O
uncertain	O
',	O
a	O
preoperative	O
consensus	O
with	O
the	O
surgeons	O
should	O
be	O
reached	O
as	O
to	O
the	O
anaesthetic	B-CHED
approach	O
and	O
the	O
management	O
of	O
possible	O
complications	O
.	O

He	O
had	O
been	O
known	O
to	O
have	O
ingested	O
2	O
ml	O
of	O
pure	B-FUNC
GBL	O
every	O
half	O
an	O
hour	O
.	O

The	O
nsp6	O
-	O
specific	O
peptide	B-CHED
antiserum	O
detected	O
the	O
replicase	B-PRGE
intermediate	O
p150	B-PRGE
(	O
nsp4	B-PRGE
to	O
nsp11	O
)	O
and	O
two	O
nsp6	O
products	O
of	O
approximately	O
23	O
and	O
25	O
kDa	O
.	O

Analysis	O
of	O
nsp6	O
transmembrane	B-COMP
topology	O
revealed	O
six	O
membrane	B-COMP
-	O
spanning	O
segments	O
and	O
a	O
conserved	O
hydrophobic	O
domain	O
in	O
the	O
C	O
-	O
terminal	O
cytosolic	B-COMP
tail	O
.	O

The	O
veterinary	O
literature	O
contains	O
numerous	O
reports	O
detailing	O
the	O
impact	O
of	O
systemic	O
disease	O
on	O
the	O
nervous	B-ANAT
system	I-ANAT
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Thymosin	B-PRGE
alpha	I-PRGE
(	O
1	O
)	O
(	O
Talpha	O
(	O
1	O
)),	O
a	O
synthetic	O
version	O
of	O
a	O
thymic	O
-	O
derived	O
biological	O
response	O
modifier	O
was	O
the	O
first	O
of	O
the	O
thymosins	O
in	O
clinical	O
use	O
.	O

Talpha	O
(	O
1	O
)	O
is	O
also	O
in	O
late	O
-	O
stage	O
clinical	O
testing	O
in	O
the	O
United	O
States	O
and	O
Europe	O
for	O
hepatitis	B-PATH
C	I-PATH
and	O
stage	B-DISO
IV	I-DISO
melanoma	I-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
We	O
report	O
a	O
case	O
of	O
Strongyloides	B-SPEC
stercoralis	I-SPEC
hyperinfection	O
syndrome	B-DISO
in	O
a	O
renal	B-ANAT
transplant	B-ANAT
recipient	O
complicated	O
by	O
septic	B-DISO
shock	I-DISO
,	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
,	O
and	O
Klebsiella	B-SPEC
pneumoniae	I-SPEC
superinfection	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
patient	O
was	O
treated	O
successfully	O
with	O
drotrecogin	O
alfa	O
(	O
activated	O
),	O
parenteral	O
ivermectin	B-CHED
,	O
albendazole	B-CHED
,	O
and	O
piperacillin	B-CHED
/	O
tazobactam	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
whether	O
9b	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
is	O
a	O
structural	O
component	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
particles	O
remains	O
unknown	O
.	O

In	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
we	O
demonstrate	O
that	O
9b	O
protein	B-CHED
is	O
translated	O
from	O
bicistronic	O
mRNA9	O
via	O
leaky	O
ribosome	B-COMP
scanning	O
and	O
it	O
is	O
incorporated	O
into	O
both	O
virus	B-ANAT
-	I-ANAT
like	I-ANAT
particles	I-ANAT
(	O
VLPs	B-ANAT
)	O
and	O
purified	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
virions	B-COMP
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Targeted	B-PROC
treatment	O
of	O
inflammatory	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
of	I-DISO
the	I-DISO
central	I-DISO
nervous	I-DISO
system	I-DISO
(	O
CNS	B-CHED
)	O
remains	O
problematic	O
due	O
to	O
the	O
complex	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
of	O
these	O
disorders	O
and	O
difficulty	O
in	O
drug	O
delivery	O
.	O

Although	O
immunosuppressive	B-CHED
agents	I-CHED
are	O
usually	O
effective	O
,	O
some	O
severe	O
cases	O
remain	O
difficult	O
to	O
treat	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Determining	O
SARS	B-DISO
sub	O
-	O
clinical	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
:	O
a	O
longitudinal	O
seroepidemiological	O
study	O
in	O
recovered	O
SARS	O
patients	O
and	O
controls	O
after	O
an	O
outbreak	O
in	O
a	O
general	O
hospital	O
.	O

Serum	B-COMP
samples	O
taken	O
at	O
various	O
times	O
were	O
tested	O
for	O
IgG	B-PRGE
and	O
IgM	B-PRGE
;	O
dynamic	O
serological	O
changes	O
in	O
these	O
antibodies	B-COMP
were	O
described	O
.	O

The	O
positive	O
responses	O
of	O
IgM	B-PRGE
and	O
IgG	B-PRGE
antibodies	I-PRGE
in	O
sera	B-COMP
against	O
SARS	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
from	O
the	O
first	O
week	O
to	O
the	O
sixth	O
week	O
after	O
onset	O
of	O
the	O
illness	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
SARS	B-DISO
were	O
measured	O
.	O

Our	O
results	O
also	O
suggest	O
that	O
sub	O
-	O
clinical	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
,	O
if	O
it	O
exists	O
,	O
is	O
very	O
rare	O
.	O

Protein	B-CHED
sequence	O
analysis	O
reveals	O
that	O
3a	O
possesses	B-DISO
three	O
major	O
protein	B-CHED
signatures	O
,	O
the	O
cysteine	B-CHED
-	O
rich	O
,	O
Yxx	B-PRGE
phi	I-PRGE
and	O
diacidic	O
domains	O
.	O

We	O
showed	O
that	O
3a	O
proteins	B-CHED
carrying	O
respective	O
mutations	O
in	O
these	O
protein	O
domains	O
exhibit	O
reduced	O
pro	B-CHED
-	O
apoptotic	O
activities	O
,	O
indicating	O
the	O
importance	O
of	O
these	O
domains	O
on	O
3a	O
'	O
s	O
pro	B-CHED
-	O
apoptotic	O
function	O
.	O

We	O
demonstrate	O
unique	O
shuttling	O
behavior	O
of	O
ORF	B-PRGE
3b	I-PRGE
,	O
whereby	O
the	O
protein	B-CHED
initially	O
accumulates	O
in	O
the	O
nucleus	B-COMP
and	O
subsequently	O
translocates	O
to	O
mitochondria	B-COMP
.	O

Following	O
nuclear	O
localization	B-PROC
,	O
ORF	O
3b	O
traffics	O
to	O
the	O
outer	B-COMP
membrane	I-COMP
of	O
mitochondria	B-COMP
via	O
a	O
predicted	O
amphipathic	O
alpha	O
-	O
helix	O
.	O

The	O
findings	O
reported	O
here	O
reveal	O
that	O
for	O
multilocalized	O
proteins	B-CHED
,	O
consideration	O
of	O
the	O
spatiotemporal	O
distribution	O
may	O
be	O
crucial	O
for	O
understanding	O
viral	O
protein	B-CHED
behavior	O
and	O
function	O
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
Our	O
data	O
do	O
not	O
suggest	O
a	O
role	O
for	O
MASP2	B-PRGE
polymorphisms	B-PROC
in	O
SARS	B-PRGE
susceptibility	I-PRGE
in	O
northern	O
and	O
southern	O
China	O
.	O

Infectious	B-DISO
-	O
Bronchitis	B-DISO
-	O
Virus	B-SPEC
(	O
IBV	B-SPEC
)-	O
related	O
variants	O
were	O
found	O
in	O
7	O
of	O
35	O
sample	O
pools	O
,	O
from	O
100	O
wild	O
mallards	B-SPEC
(	O
Anas	B-SPEC
platyrhynchos	I-SPEC
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Development	B-PROC
of	O
animal	B-SPEC
models	O
for	O
the	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

Unfortunately	O
,	O
no	O
single	O
animal	B-SPEC
model	O
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
replicates	O
the	O
complex	O
pathophysiological	O
changes	O
seen	O
in	O
patients	O
.	O

The	O
gene	O
that	O
encodes	O
HCoV	O
-	O
HKU1	O
nsp9	O
was	O
cloned	O
and	O
expressed	B-PROC
in	O
Escherichia	B-SPEC
coli	I-SPEC
and	O
the	O
protein	B-CHED
was	O
subjected	O
to	O
crystallization	O
trials	O
.	O

The	O
crystals	B-ANAT
diffracted	O
to	O
2	O
.	O
7	O
A	O
resolution	O
and	O
belonged	O
to	O
space	O
group	O
P2	O
(	O
1	O
)	O
2	O
(	O
1	O
)	O
2	O
,	O
with	O
unit	O
-	O
cell	B-COMP
parameters	O
a	O
=	O
83	O
.	O
5	O
,	O
b	O
=	O
88	O
.	O
4	O
,	O
c	O
=	O
31	O
.	O
2	O
A	O
,	O
alpha	O
=	O
beta	O
=	O
gamma	O
=	O
90	O
degrees	O
and	O
two	O
molecules	O
per	O
asymmetric	O
unit	O
.	O

We	O
performed	O
a	O
retrospective	O
cohort	O
study	O
comparing	O
a	O
population	O
of	O
patients	O
managed	O
with	O
early	O
and	O
aggressive	B-DISO
CVVH	O
compared	O
with	O
historical	O
controls	O
managed	O
conservatively	O
before	O
the	O
availability	O
of	O
CVVH	O
.	O

Overall	O
,	O
the	O
28	O
-	O
day	O
mortality	O
was	O
significantly	O
lower	O
in	O
the	O
CVVH	O
arm	B-ANAT
(	O
n	O
=	O
29	O
)	O
compared	O
with	O
controls	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
28	O
)	O
(	O
38	O
%	O
vs	O
.	O
71	O
%,	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
011	O
)	O
as	O
was	O
the	O
in	O
-	O
hospital	O
mortality	O
(	O
62	O
%	O
vs	O
.	O
86	O
%,	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
04	O
).	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
3C	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
like	I-PRGE
protease	I-PRGE
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
3CL	O
(	O
pro	B-PRGE
))	O
is	O
vital	O
for	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
replication	O
and	O
is	O
a	O
promising	O
drug	O
target	O
.	O

Neither	O
the	O
juxtamembrane	B-COMP
stalk	B-DISO
region	O
,	O
transmembrane	B-COMP
domain	O
,	O
nor	O
the	O
cytosolic	B-ANAT
domain	I-ANAT
was	O
needed	O
for	O
constitutive	O
ACE2	O
release	B-PATH
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
envelope	B-COMP
spike	O
(	O
S	O
)	O
glycoprotein	B-CHED
is	O
responsible	O
for	O
the	O
fusion	O
between	O
the	O
membranes	B-ANAT
of	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
and	O
the	O
target	B-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
.	O

Although	O
there	O
was	O
significant	O
positive	O
correlation	O
with	O
a	O
TCoV	O
-	O
N	O
protein	O
-	O
based	O
ELISA	O
,	O
there	O
was	O
little	O
to	O
no	O
correlation	O
with	O
the	O
whole	O
IBV	B-SPEC
antigen	B-CHED
-	O
based	O
ELISA	O
when	O
field	O
sera	B-COMP
were	O
tested	O
for	O
antibodies	B-COMP
against	O
TCoV	O
.	O

Moreover	O
,	O
identification	O
of	O
the	O
risk	O
factors	O
associated	O
with	O
the	O
spreading	O
of	O
bacteria	B-SPEC
causing	O
diarrhea	B-DISO
may	O
be	O
helpful	O
for	O
construction	O
of	O
suitable	O
methods	O
for	O
prevention	O
and	O
control	O
.	O

To	O
explore	O
other	O
domain	O
interactions	O
of	O
the	O
MHV	B-PRGE
N	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
,	O
we	O
expressed	B-PROC
a	O
series	O
of	O
segments	O
of	O
the	O
MHV	B-PRGE
N	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
as	O
fusions	O
with	O
green	B-PRGE
fluorescent	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
(	O
GFP	O
)	O
during	O
the	O
course	O
of	O
viral	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
.	O

We	O
found	O
that	O
two	O
of	O
these	O
GFP	O
-	O
N	O
-	O
domain	O
fusion	O
proteins	B-CHED
were	O
selectively	O
packaged	O
into	O
virions	B-COMP
as	O
the	O
result	O
of	O
tight	O
binding	B-FUNC
to	O
the	O
N	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
in	O
the	O
viral	O
nucleocapsid	O
,	O
in	O
a	O
manner	O
that	O
did	O
not	O
involve	O
association	O
with	O
either	O
M	O
protein	B-CHED
or	O
RNA	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Early	O
upregulation	B-PROC
of	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
-	O
associated	O
cytokines	O
promotes	O
lethal	O
disease	O
in	O
an	O
aged	O
-	O
mouse	O
model	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Several	O
respiratory	O
viruses	B-SPEC
,	O
including	O
influenza	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
and	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
),	O
produce	O
more	O
severe	O
disease	O
in	O
the	O
elderly	O
,	O
yet	O
the	O
molecular	O
mechanisms	O
governing	O
age	O
-	O
related	O
susceptibility	O
remain	O
poorly	O
studied	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
these	O
effective	O
results	O
in	O
the	O
animal	B-SPEC
models	O
are	O
not	O
equally	O
adoptive	O
to	O
those	O
in	O
randomized	O
,	O
controlled	O
trials	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Development	B-PROC
of	O
a	O
chimeric	O
DNA	O
-	O
RNA	O
hammerhead	O
ribozyme	O
targeting	B-PROC
SARS	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
.	O

Here	O
we	O
used	O
CHO	B-FUNC
-	O
K1	O
cells	B-COMP
to	O
establish	O
a	O
cell	B-ANAT
line	I-ANAT
for	O
stable	O
expression	B-PROC
of	O
a	O
193	O
-	O
mer	O
(	O
residues	O
318	O
-	O
510	O
)	O
RBD	O
(	O
RBD193	O
-	O
CHO	B-FUNC
)	O
and	O
determined	O
its	O
antigenicity	O
and	O
immunogenicity	O
.	O

More	O
importantly	O
,	O
N	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
did	O
not	O
modulate	O
the	O
expression	B-PROC
of	O
FGL2	B-PRGE
mRNA	I-PRGE
or	O
protein	B-CHED
in	O
transfected	O
or	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
-	O
infected	O
cells	O
.	O

Unraveling	O
the	O
mechanism	B-PROC
of	I-PROC
action	I-PROC
of	O
these	O
agents	O
could	O
contribute	O
to	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
novel	O
therapeutic	O
strategies	O
to	O
combat	B-CHED
permeability	O
edema	B-DISO
.	O

Furthermore	O
,	O
the	O
localization	B-PROC
of	O
pAPN	O
on	O
the	O
small	B-ANAT
intestine	I-ANAT
of	O
swine	B-SPEC
was	O
analyzed	O
by	O
immunohistochemistry	O
.	O

5x10	O
(	O
6	O
)	O
CFU	O
of	O
E	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
coli	I-SPEC
expressing	O
scFvs	O
against	O
PEDV	O
showed	O
promising	O
result	O
of	O
94	O
%	O
foci	O
reduction	O
compared	O
to	O
wild	O
type	O
E	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
coli	I-SPEC
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
Isatis	B-SPEC
indigotica	I-SPEC
posses	O
a	O
valuable	O
virucidal	O
effect	O
in	O
disease	O
control	O
of	O
pseudorabies	B-SPEC
virus	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
in	O
swine	B-SPEC
.	O

This	O
Review	O
focuses	O
on	O
recent	O
advances	O
in	O
our	O
understanding	O
of	O
the	O
mechanisms	O
of	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
replication	O
,	O
interactions	O
with	O
the	O
host	B-COMP
immune	B-PROC
response	I-PROC
and	O
disease	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
.	O

Sequence	O
analysis	O
of	O
the	O
S1	O
subunit	O
of	O
the	O
spike	O
glycoprotein	B-CHED
gene	O
showed	O
the	O
four	O
isolates	O
were	O
highly	O
related	O
to	O
each	O
other	O
(>	O
or	O
=	O
99	O
.	O
6	O
%	O
nucleotide	B-CHED
identity	O
;	O
>	O
or	O
=	O
98	O
.	O
9	O
%	O
amino	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
identity	O
).	O

268	O
.	O
3	O
mg	O
/	O
L	O
,	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
003	O
),	O
tumors	B-DISO
(	O
522	O
.	O
5	O
+/-	O

However	O
,	O
within	O
the	O
large	O
Nsp3	B-PRGE
(	O
1922	O
amino	B-CHED
-	I-CHED
acid	I-CHED
residues	I-CHED
),	O
the	O
structure	O
and	O
function	O
of	O
the	O
so	O
-	O
called	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
unique	O
domain	O
(	O
SUD	O
)	O
have	O
remained	O
elusive	O
.	O

As	O
there	O
is	O
no	O
evidence	O
for	O
Nsp3	B-PRGE
entering	O
the	O
nucleus	B-COMP
of	O
the	O
host	B-COMP
cell	I-COMP
,	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
genomic	O
RNA	O
or	O
host	B-COMP
-	O
cell	B-COMP
mRNA	B-CHED
containing	O
long	O
G	O
-	O
stretches	B-DISO
may	O
be	O
targets	O
of	O
SUD	O
.	O

The	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
genome	O
is	O
devoid	O
of	O
G	O
-	O
stretches	B-DISO
longer	O
than	O
5	O
-	O
6	O
nucleotides	B-CHED
,	O
but	O
more	O
extended	O
G	O
-	O
stretches	B-DISO
are	O
found	O
in	O
the	O
3	O
'-	O
nontranslated	O
regions	O
of	O
mRNAs	O
coding	O
for	O
certain	O
host	B-COMP
-	O
cell	B-COMP
proteins	B-CHED
involved	O
in	O
apoptosis	B-PATH
or	O
signal	B-PROC
transduction	I-PROC
,	O
and	O
have	O
been	O
shown	O
to	O
bind	B-FUNC
to	O
SUD	O
in	O
vitro	O
.	O

Therefore	O
,	O
SUD	O
may	O
be	O
involved	O
in	O
controlling	O
the	O
host	B-COMP
cell	I-COMP
'	O
s	O
response	O
to	O
the	O
viral	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
.	O

SP	O
-	O
D	O
significantly	O
correlated	O
with	O
anti	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
SARS	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
N	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
IgG	I-PRGE
(	O
r	O
(	O
2	O
)	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
5995	O
,	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
02	O
).	O

The	O
significant	O
correlation	O
between	O
plasma	B-ANAT
SP	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
D	I-PRGE
and	O
anti	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
SARS	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
specific	I-PRGE
antibodies	B-COMP
support	O
the	O
role	O
for	O
SP	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
D	I-PRGE
in	O
interlinking	O
innate	O
and	O
adaptive	O
immune	O
pathways	B-PROC
.	O

It	O
suggests	O
that	O
nonhuman	O
coronaviruses	O
may	O
be	O
attractive	O
new	O
therapeutic	O
agents	O
against	O
human	B-SPEC
tumors	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Characterization	O
of	O
a	O
highly	O
conserved	O
domain	O
within	O
the	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
spike	O
protein	B-CHED
S2	O
domain	O
with	O
characteristics	O
of	O
a	O
viral	O
fusion	O
peptide	B-CHED
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Many	O
viral	O
fusion	O
proteins	B-CHED
are	O
primed	O
by	O
proteolytic	B-PROC
cleavage	B-PROC
near	O
their	O
fusion	O
peptides	B-CHED
.	O

Mutagenesis	B-PROC
studies	O
of	O
these	O
residues	O
in	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
S	O
,	O
followed	O
by	O
cell	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
cell	B-COMP
fusion	I-PROC
and	O
pseudotyped	O
virion	B-COMP
infectivity	O
assays	O
,	O
showed	O
a	O
critical	O
role	O
for	O
residues	O
L803	O
,	O
L804	O
,	O
and	O
F805	O
in	O
membrane	B-PROC
fusion	I-PROC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Hospitalization	O
for	O
ambulatory	O
-	O
care	O
-	O
sensitive	O
conditions	O
in	O
Taiwan	O
following	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
outbreak	O
:	O
a	O
population	O
-	O
based	O
interrupted	O
time	O
series	O
study	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
In	O
2003	O
,	O
the	O
severe	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
outbreak	O
resulted	O
in	O
8096	O
probable	O
cases	O
and	O
774	O
deaths	B-PROC
in	O
26	O
countries	O
.	O

Hospitalization	O
for	O
respiratory	O
conditions	O
was	O
significantly	O
lower	O
than	O
the	O
predicted	O
values	O
,	O
whereas	O
hospitalization	O
for	O
diabetes	B-DISO
was	O
significantly	O
higher	O
than	O
the	O
predicted	O
values	O
after	O
the	O
outbreak	O
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
Admission	O
rates	O
for	O
most	O
ACSCs	O
,	O
except	O
for	O
diabetes	B-DISO
,	O
did	O
not	O
change	O
in	O
the	O
post	O
-	O
SARS	B-DISO
period	O
.	O

Other	O
agents	O
responsible	O
for	O
lower	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
tract	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
include	O
Coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
),	O
Bocavirus	B-SPEC
,	O
and	O
others	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Excessive	O
immune	B-PROC
response	I-PROC
is	O
believed	O
to	O
play	O
a	O
role	O
in	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
).	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
In	O
this	O
study	O
in	O
healthy	O
Chinese	O
male	O
volunteers	O
,	O
the	O
dispersible	O
tablet	O
formulation	O
and	O
the	O
200	O
-	O
mg	O
capsule	B-COMP
formulation	O
of	O
arbidol	O
met	B-CHED
the	O
SFDA	O
'	O
s	O
regulatory	O
definition	O
of	O
bioequivalence	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
rate	O
and	O
extent	O
of	O
absorption	O
.	O

It	O
is	O
classically	O
considered	O
an	O
endemic	O
mycosis	B-DISO
,	O
even	O
though	O
the	O
fungus	B-SPEC
has	O
an	O
opportunistic	O
behavior	O
in	O
immunocompromised	O
patients	O
.	O

People	O
acquired	O
the	O
infection	B-DISO
through	O
the	O
inhalation	B-PROC
of	O
conidial	O
forms	O
present	O
in	O
the	O
environmental	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
caves	O
dwelling	O
bats	B-SPEC
and	O
soils	O
inhabited	O
by	O
chickens	B-SPEC
.	O

The	O
clinical	O
features	O
may	O
vary	O
from	O
asymptomatic	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
to	O
disseminated	O
severe	O
forms	O
that	O
affect	O
patients	O
with	O
acquired	B-DISO
immunodeficiency	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
or	O
hematological	B-DISO
malignancies	I-DISO
and	O
allograft	O
recipients	O
.	O

The	O
diagnosis	O
is	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
detection	O
of	O
the	O
fungus	B-SPEC
in	O
organic	O
fluids	B-ANAT
(	O
sputum	B-ANAT
,	O
blood	B-ANAT
,	O
liquor	B-ANAT
)	O
or	O
tissues	B-ANAT
(	O
histopathological	O
assays	O
),	O
in	O
the	O
culture	O
of	O
biological	O
samples	O
and	O
serological	O
assays	O
.	O

Part	O
I	O
of	O
II	O
--	O
viral	O
entry	O
inhibitors	B-CHED
.	O

Samples	O
were	O
screened	O
by	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
to	O
detect	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
NL63	I-SPEC
and	O
human	B-SPEC
metapneumovirus	I-SPEC
(	O
hMPV	B-SPEC
).	O

This	O
is	O
the	O
first	O
report	O
of	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
NL63	I-SPEC
infections	B-DISO
in	O
hospitalised	O
children	O
in	O
Africa	O
.	O

The	O
presence	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
in	O
the	O
heart	B-ANAT
was	O
also	O
associated	O
with	O
marked	O
reductions	O
in	O
ACE2	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
expression	B-PROC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
is	O
characterised	O
by	O
lung	O
inflammation	O
with	O
severe	O
hypoxia	B-DISO
,	O
which	O
usually	O
develops	O
over	O
4	O
-	O
48	O
hours	O
and	O
persists	O
for	O
days	O
or	O
weeks	O
.	O

In	O
this	O
paper	O
,	O
estimation	O
methods	O
are	O
developed	O
using	O
a	O
constant	O
cure	O
-	O
death	B-PROC
hazard	O
ratio	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Development	O
of	O
cancer	B-DISO
after	O
transplantation	O
has	O
rapidly	O
became	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
leading	O
causes	O
of	O
death	B-PROC
in	O
kidney	B-ANAT
transplant	I-ANAT
recipients	O
with	O
functioning	O
grafts	B-ANAT
.	O

These	O
preliminary	O
data	O
demonstrated	O
a	O
high	O
incidence	O
of	O
HPV	O
infection	O
in	O
renal	B-ANAT
transplant	B-ANAT
recipients	O
.	O

The	O
HPV	O
test	O
is	O
useful	O
to	O
monitor	O
patients	O
at	O
higher	O
risk	O
of	O
anogenital	O
malignant	B-DISO
neoplasms	I-DISO
by	O
identifying	O
the	O
cytologic	O
anomalies	O
at	O
an	O
earlier	O
stage	O
.	O

Compared	O
with	O
hospitalizations	O
without	O
any	O
hypertensive	O
disorders	O
,	O
the	O
risk	O
of	O
severe	O
obstetric	O
complications	O
ranged	O
from	O
3	O
.	O
3	O
to	O
34	O
.	O
8	O
for	O
hospitalizations	O
with	O
eclampsia	B-DISO
/	O
severe	B-DISO
preeclampsia	I-DISO
and	O
from	O
1	O
.	O
4	O
to	O
2	O
.	O
2	O
for	O
gestational	B-DISO
hypertension	I-DISO
.	O

CARV	O
-	O
infection	B-DISO
did	O
not	O
influence	O
BOS	B-DISO
progression	O
in	O
88	O
patients	O
with	O
prior	O
BOS	B-DISO
(	O
P	O
0	O
.	O
45	O
).	O

After	O
paramyxovirus	O
infection	B-DISO
,	O
8	O
of	O
24	O
patients	O
developed	O
new	O
-	O
onset	O
BOS	B-DISO
,	O
whereas	O
no	O
case	O
was	O
recorded	O
after	O
rhinovirus	B-SPEC
and	O
coronavirus	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
.	O

After	O
paramyxovirus	O
infection	B-DISO
,	O
8	O
of	O
24	O
patients	O
developed	O
new	O
-	O
onset	O
BOS	B-DISO
,	O
whereas	O
no	O
case	O
was	O
recorded	O
after	O
rhinovirus	B-SPEC
and	O
coronavirus	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Researchers	O
routinely	O
adopt	O
molecular	O
clock	O
assumptions	O
in	O
conducting	O
sequence	O
analyses	O
to	O
estimate	O
dates	O
for	O
viral	O
origins	O
in	O
humans	B-SPEC
.	O

In	O
the	O
dog	B-SPEC
,	O
infection	B-DISO
with	O
the	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
type	O
2	O
is	O
associated	O
with	O
respiratory	O
signs	O
,	O
while	O
infection	B-DISO
of	O
a	O
highly	O
pathogenic	O
strain	O
of	O
the	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
type	O
1	O
has	O
been	O
identified	O
as	O
the	O
cause	O
of	O
mortality	O
in	O
puppies	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Protective	O
mechanisms	O
of	O
activated	O
protein	B-CHED
C	O
in	O
severe	O
inflammatory	O
disorders	O
.	O

The	O
pathophysiology	O
of	O
both	O
diseases	O
states	O
involves	O
uncontrolled	O
inflammation	B-DISO
,	O
enhanced	O
coagulation	B-PROC
and	O
compromised	O
fibrinolysis	B-PROC
.	O

Several	O
other	O
clinical	O
trials	O
evaluating	O
recombinant	O
human	B-SPEC
APC	B-COMP
have	O
been	O
completed	O
,	O
including	O
studies	O
in	O
children	O
and	O
less	O
severely	O
ill	B-DISO
adults	O
with	O
sepsis	B-DISO
as	O
well	O
as	O
a	O
study	O
in	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
.	O

The	O
data	O
are	O
helpful	O
for	O
using	O
antivirals	B-CHED
efficiently	O
.	O

Recognition	O
and	O
treatment	O
of	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
aspergillosis	I-DISO
is	O
difficult	O
and	O
may	O
require	O
multi	O
drug	O
therapy	O
.	O

The	O
investigation	O
was	O
not	O
only	O
performed	O
to	O
establish	O
a	O
new	O
rapid	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
fibrosis	I-DISO
model	O
,	O
but	O
also	O
to	O
provide	O
the	O
elicitation	O
for	O
mechanism	O
of	O
ALI	O
changed	O
into	O
the	O
rapid	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
fibrosis	I-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Rhabdomyolysis	O
is	O
a	O
skeletal	B-ANAT
muscle	I-ANAT
injury	O
with	O
cell	B-ANAT
components	I-ANAT
'	O
release	B-PATH
to	O
plasma	B-ANAT
.	O

Male	O
patient	O
,	O
32	O
year	O
-	O
old	O
,	O
presented	O
with	O
discomfort	B-DISO
followed	O
by	O
syncope	B-DISO
after	O
running	O
2	O
,	O
350	O
m	O
in	O
a	O
fitness	O
race	O
.	O

Patient	O
died	B-PROC
before	O
any	O
specific	O
investigation	O
of	O
malignant	B-DISO
hyperthermia	I-DISO
,	O
but	O
it	O
is	O
important	O
to	O
look	O
for	O
susceptibility	O
for	O
this	O
syndrome	B-DISO
within	O
the	O
family	B-SPEC
to	O
avoid	O
potentially	O
life	O
-	O
threatening	O
anesthetic	O
events	O
.	O

Unlike	O
in	O
a	O
constant	O
environment	O
,	O
the	O
final	O
epidemic	O
size	O
may	O
not	O
be	O
an	O
increasing	O
function	O
of	O
the	O
basic	O
reproduction	B-PROC
number	O
R	O
(	O
0	O
)	O
or	O
of	O
the	O
initial	O
fraction	O
of	O
infected	O
people	O
.	O

Significant	O
cell	B-COMP
-	O
mediated	O
immune	B-PROC
responses	I-PROC
were	O
characterized	O
by	O
cytotoxic	B-ANAT
T	I-ANAT
-	I-ANAT
lymphocyte	I-ANAT
(	O
51	O
)	O
Cr	O
release	B-PATH
assay	O
and	O
interferon	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
gamma	I-PROC
secretion	B-ANAT
ELISPOT	O
assay	O
against	O
RMA	O
-	O
S	O
target	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
presenting	O
predicted	O
MHC	B-PRGE
class	B-SPEC
I	I-PRGE
H2	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
Kb	I-PRGE
epitopes	I-PRGE
,	O
including	O
those	O
spanning	O
residues	O
884	O
-	O
891	O
and	O
1116	O
-	O
1123	O
within	O
the	O
S2	O
subunit	O
of	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
spike	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
.	O

Instead	O
of	O
comparing	O
the	O
frequencies	O
of	O
k	O
-	O
words	O
in	O
biological	O
sequences	O
directly	O
,	O
we	O
considered	O
the	O
k	O
-	O
word	O
frequency	O
distribution	O
under	O
Gaussian	O
model	O
which	O
gives	O
the	O
different	O
expression	B-PROC
levels	O
of	O
k	O
-	O
words	O
.	O

While	O
most	O
FCoV	O
-	O
infected	O
cats	B-SPEC
are	O
healthy	O
or	O
display	O
only	O
a	O
mild	O
enteritis	B-DISO
,	O
some	O
go	O
on	O
to	O
develop	O
feline	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
peritonitis	I-DISO
,	O
a	O
disease	O
that	O
is	O
especially	O
common	O
in	O
young	O
cats	B-SPEC
and	O
multi	O
-	O
cat	B-SPEC
environments	O
.	O

The	O
'	O
wet	O
'	O
or	O
effusive	O
form	O
,	O
characterised	O
by	O
polyserositis	B-DISO
(	O
abdominal	B-ANAT
and	O
/	O
or	O
thoracic	B-DISO
effusion	B-DISO
)	O
and	O
vasculitis	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
the	O
'	O
dry	O
'	O
or	O
non	O
-	O
effusive	O
form	O
(	O
pyogranulomatous	O
lesions	O
in	O
organs	B-ANAT
)	O
reflect	O
clinical	O
extremes	O
of	O
a	O
continuum	O
.	O

Three	O
cats	B-SPEC
with	O
dry	O
form	O
FIP	B-DISO
were	O
treated	O
with	O
Polyprenyl	O
Immunostimulant	B-CHED
.	O

Further	O
studies	O
are	O
necessary	O
to	O
assess	O
the	O
potential	O
of	O
the	O
Polyprenyl	O
Immunostimulant	B-CHED
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
The	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
a	O
non	O
-	O
contact	O
screening	O
system	O
for	O
rapid	O
medical	O
inspection	O
at	O
a	O
quarantine	O
depot	O
using	O
a	O
laser	O
Doppler	O
blood	B-ANAT
-	O
flow	O
meter	O
,	O
microwave	O
radar	O
and	O
infrared	O
thermography	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
In	O
order	B-SPEC
to	O
conduct	B-PROC
fast	B-FUNC
screening	O
of	O
passengers	O
with	O
infections	B-DISO
such	O
as	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
or	O
pandemic	O
influenza	B-DISO
at	O
a	O
quarantine	O
depot	O
,	O
we	O
developed	O
a	O
non	O
-	O
contact	O
screening	O
system	O
with	O
self	O
-	O
produced	O
program	O
to	O
conduct	B-PROC
a	O
human	B-SPEC
screening	O
within	O
five	O
seconds	O
,	O
via	O
a	O
linear	O
discriminant	O
function	O
from	O
non	O
-	O
contact	O
derived	O
variables	O
,	O
i	O
.	O
e	O
.	O
palmer	O
pulse	B-PROC
derived	O
from	O
a	O
laser	B-SPEC
Doppler	O
blood	B-ANAT
-	O
flow	O
meter	O
,	O
respiration	B-PROC
rate	O
determined	O
by	O
a	O
10	O
-	O
GHz	O
microwave	O
radar	O
,	O
and	O
facial	B-ANAT
temperature	O
measured	O
by	O
thermography	O
.	O

As	O
emerging	O
'	O
new	O
'	O
respiratory	O
viruses	O
are	O
identified	O
in	O
many	O
wild	O
and	O
domestic	O
animals	B-SPEC
,	O
issues	O
of	O
interspecies	O
transmission	O
have	O
become	O
of	O
increasing	O
concern	O
.	O

High	O
containment	O
pathogens	O
pose	O
a	O
significant	O
threat	O
to	O
public	O
health	O
systems	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
a	O
major	O
research	O
challenge	O
,	O
because	O
of	O
limited	O
experience	O
in	O
case	O
management	O
,	O
lack	O
of	O
appropriate	O
resources	O
in	O
affected	O
areas	O
and	O
a	O
limited	O
number	O
of	O
animal	B-SPEC
research	O
facilities	O
in	O
developed	O
countries	O
.	O

The	O
large	O
fluctuation	B-DISO
of	O
scarlet	B-DISO
fever	I-DISO
cases	O
between	O
2000	O
and	O
2006	O
was	O
associated	O
with	O
the	O
shuffling	O
of	O
six	O
prevalent	O
emm	O
clones	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Analysis	O
of	O
treatments	O
and	O
deceased	B-PROC
cases	O
of	O
severe	O
adverse	O
drug	O
reactions	O
--	O
analysis	O
of	O
46	O
cases	O
of	O
Stevens	O
-	O
Johnson	O
syndrome	O
and	O
toxic	B-DISO
epidermal	I-DISO
necrolysis	I-DISO
].	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Systemic	O
administration	O
of	O
corticosteroid	B-CHED
,	O
plasmapheresis	O
and	O
high	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
dose	I-PRGE
immunoglobulin	I-PRGE
therapy	O
(	O
IVIG	O
)	O
are	O
the	O
main	O
treatment	O
of	O
Stevens	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
Johnson	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SJS	B-DISO
)	O
and	O
toxic	B-DISO
epidermal	I-DISO
necrolysis	I-DISO
(	O
TEN	O
).	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Corticosteroid	B-CHED
was	O
administered	O
systemically	O
in	O
all	O
cases	O
except	O
one	O
case	O
of	O
TEN	O
which	O
developed	O
methicillin	B-CHED
resistant	O
staphylococcus	B-SPEC
aureus	I-SPEC
(	O
MRSA	B-DISO
)	O
pneumoniae	O
before	O
the	O
onset	O
of	O
the	O
eruption	B-DISO
.	O

Two	O
of	O
the	O
liposomal	O
peptides	B-CHED
were	O
effective	O
for	O
peptide	B-CHED
-	O
specific	O
CTL	B-ANAT
induction	O
,	O
and	O
one	O
of	O
them	O
was	O
efficient	O
for	O
the	O
clearance	O
of	O
vaccinia	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
expressing	O
epitopes	O
of	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
,	O
suggesting	O
that	O
the	O
surface	O
-	O
linked	O
liposomal	O
peptide	B-CHED
might	O
offer	O
an	O
effective	O
CTL	B-ANAT
-	O
based	O
vaccine	O
against	O
SARS	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Inhibition	B-PROC
of	O
matrix	B-PRGE
metalloproteinase	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
9	I-PRGE
with	O
doxycycline	B-CHED
reduces	O
pancreatitis	B-DISO
-	O
associated	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
.	O

We	O
have	O
previously	O
demonstrated	O
that	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
injury	O
in	O
acute	B-DISO
pancreatitis	I-DISO
is	O
mediated	O
by	O
PMN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
derived	I-PRGE
matrix	I-PRGE
metalloproteinase	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
9	I-PRGE
(	O
MMP	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
9	I-PRGE
).	O

Eighteen	O
rats	B-SPEC
were	O
randomized	O
into	O
three	O
groups	O
:	O
severe	O
pancreatitis	B-DISO
(	O
SAP	B-DISO
),	O
severe	O
pancreatitis	B-DISO
+	O
doxycycline	B-CHED
(	O
SAP	O
+	O
Dox	O
)	O
(	O
30	O
mg	O
/	O
kg	O
body	B-ANAT
mass	O
)	O
or	O
control	O
.	O

stimulation	O
with	O
cerulein	B-CHED
.	O

Active	O
MMP	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
9	I-PRGE
in	O
lung	B-ANAT
tissue	I-ANAT
was	O
measured	O
with	O
fluorescent	O
assay	O
(	O
ELISA	O
).	O

Addition	O
of	O
doxycycline	B-CHED
significantly	O
reduced	O
TNF	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
alpha	I-PRGE
-	O
induced	O
PMN	B-PROC
transmigration	O
across	O
Matrigel	O
membrane	B-COMP
(	O
12	O
.	O
6	O
+/-	O
2	O
.	O
6	O
vs	O
.	O
20	O
.	O
1	O
+/-	O

0	O
.	O
51	O
,	O
p	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
),	O
atelectasis	B-DISO
(	O
1	O
.	O
67	O
+/-	O
0	O
.	O
52	O
vs	O
.	O
2	O
.	O
33	O
+/-	O
0	O
.	O
52	O
;	O
p	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
)	O
and	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
hemorrhage	I-DISO
(	O
2	O
.	O
5	O
+/-	O
0	O
.	O
55	O
vs	O
.	O
1	O
.	O
83	O
+/-	O
0	O
.	O
41	O
;	O
p	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
)	O
in	O
SAP	B-PRGE
+	I-PRGE
Dox	I-PRGE
vs	I-PRGE
.	I-PRGE
SAP	I-PRGE
.	O

The	O
epidemiological	O
investigation	O
of	O
EIDs	O
associated	O
with	O
wildlife	O
requires	O
a	O
trans	O
-	O
disciplinary	O
approach	O
that	O
includes	O
an	O
understanding	O
of	O
the	O
ecology	O
of	O
the	O
wildlife	O
species	B-SPEC
,	O
and	O
an	O
understanding	O
of	O
human	B-SPEC
behaviours	O
that	O
increase	O
risk	O
of	O
exposure	O
.	O

Cases	O
reported	O
from	O
Asia	O
suggest	O
that	O
maternal	O
and	O
fetal	B-ANAT
outcomes	O
are	O
worsened	O
by	O
SARS	B-DISO
during	O
pregnancy	O
.	O

(	O
III	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
C	I-PRGE
)	O
3	O
.	O

Either	O
regional	O
or	O
general	O
anaesthesia	B-DISO
may	O
be	O
appropriate	O
for	O
delivery	O
of	O
patients	O
with	O
SARS	B-DISO
.	O

A	O
multidisciplinary	O
team	O
,	O
consisting	O
of	O
obstetricians	O
,	O
nurses	O
,	O
pediatricians	O
,	O
infection	B-DISO
control	O
specialists	O
,	O
respiratory	O
therapists	O
,	O
and	O
anaesthesiologists	O
,	O
should	O
be	O
identified	O
in	O
each	O
unit	O
and	O
be	O
responsible	O
for	O
the	O
unit	O
organization	O
and	O
implementation	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
management	O
protocols	O
.	O

Regional	O
health	O
authorities	O
in	O
conjunction	O
with	O
hospital	O
staff	O
should	O
consider	O
designating	O
specific	O
facilities	O
or	O
health	O
care	O
units	O
,	O
including	O
primary	O
,	O
secondary	O
,	O
or	O
tertiary	O
health	O
care	O
centres	O
,	O
to	O
care	O
for	O
patients	O
with	O
SARS	B-DISO
or	O
similar	O
illnesses	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Massive	O
hemoptysis	O
,	O
an	O
extremely	O
life	O
-	O
threatening	O
condition	B-DISO
with	O
a	O
high	O
mortality	O
,	O
requires	O
prompt	O
diagnosis	O
.	O

Pheochromocytoma	B-DISO
describes	O
various	O
clinical	O
manifestations	O
attributable	O
to	O
the	O
excessive	O
secretion	B-PROC
of	O
catecholamine	B-CHED
by	O
the	O
tumor	B-DISO
,	O
however	O
the	O
disease	O
is	O
not	O
typically	O
included	O
the	O
differential	O
diagnoses	O
of	O
massive	O
hemoptysis	B-DISO
.	O

Therefore	O
,	O
massive	O
hemoptysis	B-DISO
should	O
be	O
considered	O
as	O
a	O
possible	O
presenting	O
symptom	B-DISO
of	O
pheochromocytoma	B-DISO
,	O
especially	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
paroxysmal	B-DISO
hypertension	I-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Genetic	O
analysis	O
of	O
the	O
S1	B-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
of	O
4	O
/	O
91	O
type	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
isolated	O
in	O
Japan	O
.	O

HEV	B-SPEC
infected	O
nerve	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
but	O
did	O
not	O
infect	O
non	O
-	O
neuronal	O
cells	B-COMP
,	O
whereas	O
PRV	B-DISO
infected	O
both	O
cell	B-COMP
types	O
.	O

By	O
using	O
cytoskeletal	B-COMP
inhibitors	B-CHED
,	O
it	O
was	O
suggested	O
that	O
propagation	O
of	O
HEV	B-SPEC
and	O
PRV	B-DISO
within	O
and	O
among	O
nerve	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
depended	O
on	O
microtubules	B-COMP
and	O
intermediate	B-COMP
filaments	I-COMP
of	O
nerve	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
,	O
indicating	O
that	O
the	O
viruses	B-SPEC
may	O
be	O
transported	O
between	O
the	O
cell	B-COMP
body	I-COMP
and	O
axonal	O
terminals	O
of	O
neurons	B-ANAT
by	O
fast	B-PROC
axonal	I-PROC
flow	I-PROC
.	O

The	O
peripheral	B-ANAT
blood	I-ANAT
smear	O
in	O
these	O
patients	O
showed	O
WBC	B-ANAT
agglutinates	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Respiratory	O
pathogens	O
in	O
respiratory	B-ANAT
tract	I-ANAT
illnesses	O
during	O
the	O
first	O
year	O
of	O
life	O
:	O
a	O
birth	B-PROC
cohort	O
study	O
.	O

Although	O
RSV	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
seemed	O
to	O
be	O
responsible	O
for	O
the	O
most	O
severe	O
symptoms	O
compared	O
with	O
HRV	O
,	O
the	O
overall	O
burden	O
of	O
disease	O
was	O
highest	O
for	O
HRV	O
infections	B-DISO
.	O

These	O
findings	O
may	O
explain	O
the	O
increased	O
lung	B-ANAT
infiltrations	O
and	O
lymphoid	O
depletion	O
in	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
The	O
impact	O
on	O
neonatal	O
mortality	O
of	O
shifting	O
childbirth	B-PROC
services	O
among	O
levels	O
of	O
hospitals	O
:	O
Taiwan	O
'	O
s	O
experience	O
.	O

Based	O
on	O
a	O
pre	O
-	O
SARS	B-DISO
sample	O
from	O
January	O
1998	O
to	O
December	O
2002	O
,	O
we	O
estimated	O
a	O
linear	O
regression	O
model	O
which	O
included	O
""""	O
trend	O
","""	O
a	O
continuous	O
variable	O
representing	O
the	O
effect	O
of	O
yearly	O
changes	O
,	O
and	O
two	O
binary	O
variables	O
,	O
""""	O
month	O
""""	O
and	O
""""	O
county	O
","""	O
controlling	O
for	O
seasonal	O
and	O
county	O
-	O
specific	O
effects	O
.	O

We	O
compared	O
the	O
differences	O
between	O
observed	O
mortality	O
rates	O
of	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
period	O
and	O
predicted	O
rates	O
to	O
examine	O
whether	O
the	O
shifting	O
in	O
maternity	O
services	O
during	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
epidemic	O
significantly	O
affected	O
neonatal	O
mortality	O
rates	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
The	O
application	O
of	O
phosphoramidate	B-CHED
ProTide	B-CHED
technology	O
to	O
the	O
potent	O
anti	O
-	O
HCV	B-SPEC
compound	O
4	O
'-	O
azidocytidine	O
(	O
R1479	O
).	O

We	O
herein	O
report	O
detailed	O
SARs	B-DISO
for	O
each	O
of	O
the	O
regions	O
of	O
the	O
ProTide	B-CHED
.	O

Our	O
results	O
show	O
that	O
chloroquine	B-CHED
can	O
be	O
highly	O
effective	O
against	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
OC43	I-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
in	O
newborn	O
mice	B-SPEC
and	O
may	O
be	O
considered	O
as	O
a	O
future	O
drug	O
against	O
HCoVs	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
The	O
economic	O
impact	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
in	O
Beijing	O
,	O
China	O
.	O

Probable	O
SARS	B-DISO
cases	O
occurring	O
between	O
November	O
2002	O
and	O
May	O
2003	O
in	O
mainland	O
China	O
were	O
compiled	O
from	O
different	O
sources	O
and	O
geo	O
-	O
coded	O
into	O
a	O
geographical	O
information	O
database	O
based	O
on	O
onset	O
location	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Duration	O
of	O
symptom	B-DISO
onset	O
to	O
hospital	O
admission	O
and	O
admission	O
to	O
discharge	B-ANAT
or	O
death	B-PROC
in	O
SARS	B-DISO
in	O
mainland	O
China	O
:	O
a	O
descriptive	O
study	O
.	O

The	O
average	O
duration	O
of	O
onset	O
of	O
symptoms	O
to	O
hospital	O
admission	O
was	O
3	O
.	O
8	O
days	O
,	O
of	O
admission	O
to	O
discharge	B-ANAT
for	O
those	O
who	O
survived	O
was	O
29	O
.	O
7	O
days	O
,	O
while	O
admission	O
to	O
death	B-PROC
for	O
casualties	O
was	O
17	O
.	O
4	O
days	O
.	O

The	O
sole	B-ANAT
factor	O
explaining	O
AVN	O
in	O
the	O
hip	B-ANAT
was	O
the	O
total	O
dose	O
of	O
corticosteroids	B-CHED
received	O
.	O

The	O
sole	B-ANAT
factor	O
explaining	O
AVN	O
in	O
the	O
hip	B-ANAT
was	O
the	O
total	O
dose	O
of	O
corticosteroids	B-CHED
received	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Case	O
fatality	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
in	O
mainland	O
China	O
and	O
associated	O
risk	O
factors	O
.	O

The	O
definition	O
of	O
probable	O
SARS	B-DISO
case	O
was	O
consistent	O
with	O
the	O
definition	O
for	O
clinically	O
confirmed	O
SARS	B-DISO
issued	O
by	O
the	O
Ministry	O
of	O
Health	O
of	O
the	O
People	O
'	O
s	O
Republic	O
of	O
China	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
The	O
overall	O
CFR	O
was	O
6	O
.	O
4	O
%	O
among	O
5327	O
probable	O
SARS	B-DISO
cases	O
in	O
mainland	O
China	O
.	O

All	O
existing	O
Chinese	O
SARS	B-DISO
data	O
sources	O
were	O
integrated	O
in	O
one	O
final	O
database	O
.	O

Significant	O
toxicity	O
of	O
neonicotinoids	O
can	O
occur	O
following	O
large	O
amount	O
of	O
oral	B-ANAT
ingestion	O
.	O

Patients	O
with	O
LC	O
are	O
at	O
risk	O
for	O
gastric	B-ANAT
aspiration	B-DISO
at	O
the	O
time	O
of	O
trauma	O
,	O
but	O
the	O
combined	O
insults	O
have	O
not	O
been	O
well	O
-	O
studied	O
in	O
animal	B-SPEC
models	O
.	O

Unwitnessed	O
gastric	B-ANAT
aspiration	B-DISO
has	O
the	O
potential	O
to	O
contribute	O
to	O
more	O
severe	O
forms	O
of	O
LC	O
injury	O
associated	O
with	O
progression	O
to	O
ALI	O
/	O
ARDS	B-DISO
and	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
in	O
patients	O
with	O
thoracic	B-DISO
trauma	O
.	O

Multiplex	O
PCR	O
tests	O
sentinel	O
the	O
appearance	O
of	O
pandemic	O
influenza	B-SPEC
viruses	I-SPEC
including	O
H1N1	O
swine	B-SPEC
influenza	I-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Since	O
the	O
turn	O
of	O
the	O
century	O
seven	O
new	O
respiratory	O
viruses	B-SPEC
have	O
infected	O
man	B-CHED
and	O
two	O
of	O
these	O
have	O
resulted	O
in	O
worldwide	O
epidemics	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
This	O
review	O
article	O
describes	O
the	O
pathophysiological	O
aspects	O
of	O
acute	O
lung	O
injury	O
(	O
ALI	O
)	O
and	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
),	O
induced	O
by	O
combined	O
burn	O
and	O
smoke	O
inhalation	B-PROC
and	O
examines	O
various	O
therapeutic	O
approaches	O
.	O

Nitric	B-CHED
oxide	I-CHED
(	O
NO	O
)	O
is	O
generated	O
by	O
both	O
inducible	O
and	O
constitutive	O
isoforms	O
of	O
nitric	B-PRGE
oxide	I-PRGE
synthase	I-PRGE
(	O
NOS	B-PRGE
).	O

Recently	O
,	O
neuronal	O
NOS	O
emerged	O
as	O
a	O
major	O
component	O
within	O
the	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

Pathologic	O
laughter	O
,	O
on	O
the	O
other	O
hand	O
,	O
is	O
observed	O
primarily	O
in	O
various	O
neurologic	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
in	O
adults	O
.	O

In	O
the	O
present	O
case	O
,	O
a	O
child	O
manifested	O
transient	O
mutism	B-DISO
and	O
pathologic	O
laughter	O
during	O
a	O
severe	O
cerebellitis	B-DISO
.	O

Headache	B-DISO
,	O
vertigo	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
impaired	B-DISO
consciousness	I-DISO
developed	O
during	O
an	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
.	O

The	O
rN	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
in	O
the	O
agrobacteria	O
-	O
infiltrated	B-DISO
plant	B-SPEC
leaf	O
accumulated	O
up	O
to	O
a	O
concentration	O
of	O
79	O
microg	O
per	O
g	O
fresh	B-ANAT
leaf	O
weight	O
at	O
3	O
days	O
post	O
infiltration	B-DISO
.	O

However	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
critical	O
to	O
determine	O
whether	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
-	O
specific	O
memory	B-PROC
T	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
can	O
persist	O
for	O
long	O
periods	B-PROC
of	O
time	O
.	O

Forty	O
patients	O
of	O
SAP	O
-	O
ARDS	B-DISO
were	O
equally	O
randomized	O
into	O
the	O
early	O
-	O
treated	O
group	O
(	O
ET	O
)	O
and	O
the	O
late	O
-	O
treated	O
group	O
(	O
LT	O
),	O
CQCQD	O
was	O
administered	O
to	O
them	O
immediately	O
and	O
3	O
days	O
later	O
after	O
hospitalization	O
respectively	O
.	O

The	O
Acute	O
Physiology	O
and	O
Chronic	O
Heath	O
Evaluation	O
II	O
(	O
APACHE	O
I	O
)	O
scores	O
,	O
the	O
incidence	O
and	O
sustained	O
time	O
of	O
complications	O
,	O
the	O
occurrence	O
of	O
infection	B-DISO
,	O
requirement	O
of	O
operation	O
shifting	O
on	O
day	O
7	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
the	O
duration	O
resided	O
in	O
hospital	O
and	O
mortality	O
in	O
patients	O
were	O
observed	O
and	O
compared	O
.	O

But	O
further	O
study	O
with	O
large	O
samples	O
for	O
explore	O
its	O
impact	O
on	O
the	O
infection	B-DISO
incidence	O
and	O
the	O
mortality	O
is	O
needed	O
.	O

At	O
international	O
level	O
cross	O
-	O
border	B-ANAT
co	O
-	O
operation	O
and	O
information	O
exchange	O
on	O
infection	B-DISO
control	O
is	O
the	O
key	O
to	O
pandemic	O
mitigation	O
and	O
containment	O
.	O

To	O
provide	O
the	O
clinician	O
with	O
a	O
summary	O
of	O
the	O
literature	O
on	O
the	O
epidemiology	O
,	O
diagnosis	O
,	O
and	O
an	O
evidence	O
-	O
base	O
for	O
management	O
of	O
ALI	O
/	O
ARDS	B-DISO
in	O
children	O
.	O

Promising	O
therapies	O
based	O
on	O
adult	O
trials	O
include	O
use	O
of	O
corticosteroids	B-CHED
for	O
lung	B-DISO
inflammation	I-DISO
and	O
fibrosis	B-DISO
,	O
use	O
of	O
4	O
to	O
6	O
mL	O
/	O
kg	O
tidal	O
volumes	O
and	O
restrictive	O
fluid	O
management	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
2	O
-	O
Arylbenzimidazoles	O
as	O
antiviral	B-CHED
and	O
antiproliferative	O
agents	O
--	O
Part	O
2	O
.	O

Four	O
putative	O
recombination	B-PROC
sites	O
were	O
found	O
at	O
the	O
5	O
'-	O
end	O
of	O
the	O
S	B-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
,	O
namely	O
at	O
nt	O
53	O
,	O
75	O
,	O
425	O
,	O
991	O
.	O

The	O
CCoV	B-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
71	I-PRGE
S	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
sequence	I-PRGE
was	O
found	O
to	O
be	O
similar	O
to	O
those	O
of	O
other	O
CCoVs	O
except	O
for	O
several	O
N	O
-	O
glycosylation	B-PROC
sites	O
at	O
the	O
N	O
-	O
terminus	O
of	O
the	O
S	O
protein	O
,	O
which	O
could	O
be	O
related	O
to	O
the	O
differences	O
in	O
virulence	B-PROC
and	O
cell	B-COMP
tropism	B-PROC
in	O
individual	O
CCoVs	O
.	O

76	O
strains	O
carried	O
the	O
Panton	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
Valentine	I-PRGE
leukocidin	I-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
.	O

Chickens	B-SPEC
were	O
challenged	O
with	O
virulent	O
IBV	B-SPEC
at	O
3	O
weeks	O
after	O
the	O
booster	O
immunization	O
and	O
observed	O
for	O
2	O
weeks	O
.	O

In	O
addition	O
,	O
vaccination	O
with	O
pVAX	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
chGM	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CSF	I-PRGE
and	O
pVAX	O
-	O
S1	O
provided	O
86	O
.	O
7	O
%	O
protection	O
(	O
13	O
/	O
15	O
)	O
against	O
IBV	B-SPEC
challenge	O
.	O

It	O
is	O
suggested	O
that	O
N	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
may	O
be	O
related	O
to	O
the	O
excessive	O
secretion	B-PROC
of	O
proinflammatory	O
cytokines	O
during	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
CoV	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
at	O
the	O
acute	O
phase	O
.	O

METHODS	O
:	O
Under	O
the	O
condition	B-DISO
of	O
the	O
establishment	O
of	O
dendrtic	O
cells	B-COMP
(	O
DC	B-COMP
)	O
culture	O
method	O
,	O
we	O
used	O
recombinant	O
adenovirus	O
to	O
infect	O
mature	O
DC	B-COMP
to	O
make	O
clear	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
changes	O
in	O
mRNA	B-CHED
levels	O
and	O
secreted	B-PROC
protein	B-CHED
levels	O
of	O
proinflammatory	O
cytokines	O
of	O
IL	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
1beta	I-PRGE
,	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
6	I-FUNC
,	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
8	I-FUNC
and	O
TNF	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
alpha	I-PRGE
by	O
using	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
and	O
ELISA	O
.	O

Among	O
all	O
hosts	B-COMP
,	O
the	O
diversity	O
of	O
coronaviruses	O
is	O
most	O
evidenced	O
in	O
bats	B-SPEC
and	O
birds	B-SPEC
,	O
which	O
may	O
be	O
a	O
result	O
of	O
their	O
species	B-SPEC
diversity	O
,	O
ability	O
to	O
fly	B-SPEC
,	O
environmental	O
pressures	O
,	O
and	O
habits	O
of	O
roosting	O
and	O
flocking	O
.	O

The	O
present	O
evidence	O
supports	O
that	O
bat	B-ENZY
coronaviruses	O
are	O
the	O
gene	O
pools	O
of	O
group	O
1	O
and	O
2	O
coronaviruses	O
,	O
whereas	O
bird	B-SPEC
coronaviruses	O
are	O
the	O
gene	O
pools	O
of	O
group	O
3	O
coronaviruses	O
.	O

With	O
the	O
increasing	O
number	O
of	O
coronaviruses	O
,	O
more	O
and	O
more	O
closely	O
related	O
coronaviruses	O
from	O
distantly	O
related	O
animals	B-SPEC
have	O
been	O
observed	O
,	O
which	O
were	O
results	O
of	O
recent	O
interspecies	O
jumping	O
and	O
may	O
be	O
the	O
cause	O
of	O
disastrous	O
outbreaks	O
of	O
zoonotic	O
diseases	O
.	O

Adult	O
male	O
Sprague	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
Dawley	I-SPEC
rats	I-SPEC
were	O
randomly	O
divided	O
into	O
three	O
groups	O
:	O
control	O
,	O
lipopolysaccharide	B-CHED
,	O
and	O
lipopolysaccharide	B-CHED
+	O
dobutamine	B-CHED
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Synthesis	B-PROC
in	O
Escherichia	B-SPEC
coli	I-SPEC
cells	B-COMP
and	O
characterization	O
of	O
the	O
active	O
exoribonuclease	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
].	O

The	O
recombinant	O
nspl4	O
proteins	B-CHED
with	O
either	O
GST	B-PRGE
fusion	O
or	O
6	O
-	O
histidine	B-CHED
tag	B-DISO
were	O
shown	O
to	O
possess	B-DISO
ribonuclease	B-FUNC
activity	I-FUNC
but	O
nspl4	O
with	O
a	O
short	O
MGHHHHHHGS	O
tag	B-DISO
sequence	O
at	O
the	O
N	O
-	O
terminus	O
increased	O
the	O
solubility	O
of	O
nspl4	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
and	O
facilitated	O
the	O
protein	B-CHED
purification	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
spike	O
(	O
S	O
)	O
protein	B-CHED
of	O
the	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
CoV	O
)	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
IBV	B-SPEC
)	O
is	O
cleaved	B-ANAT
into	O
S1	O
and	O
S2	O
subunits	O
at	O
the	O
furin	B-PRGE
consensus	O
motif	O
RRFRR	O
(	O
537	O
)/	O
S	O
in	O
virus	B-SPEC
-	O
infected	O
cells	B-COMP
.	O

Furthermore	O
,	O
sequence	O
analysis	O
of	O
CoV	O
S	O
proteins	B-CHED
by	O
multiple	O
alignments	O
showed	O
conservation	O
of	O
an	O
XXXR	O
/	O
S	O
motif	O
,	O
cleavable	O
by	O
either	O
furin	B-PRGE
or	O
other	O
trypsin	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
like	I-PRGE
proteases	I-PRGE
,	O
at	O
a	O
position	O
equivalent	O
to	O
the	O
second	O
IBV	B-PRGE
furin	B-ENZY
site	I-PRGE
.	O

Though	O
viral	O
respiratory	B-DISO
tract	I-DISO
infections	I-DISO
are	O
reported	O
triggers	O
for	O
exacerbations	O
,	O
information	O
on	O
these	O
infections	B-DISO
with	O
asthma	B-PATH
is	O
sparse	O
in	O
Caribbean	O
territories	O
.	O

In	O
a	O
cross	O
-	O
sectional	O
study	O
of	O
70	O
wheezing	B-DISO
children	O
attending	O
the	O
emergency	B-DISO
department	O
for	O
nebulisation	O
and	O
80	O
stable	O
control	O
subjects	O
(	O
2	O
to	O
16	O
yr	O
of	O
age	O
)	O
in	O
the	O
asthma	B-PATH
clinic	O
,	O
nasal	B-ANAT
specimens	O
were	O
collected	O
during	O
the	O
dry	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
38	O
,	O
January	O
to	O
May	O
)	O
and	O
rainy	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
112	O
,	O
June	O
to	O
December	O
)	O
seasons	O
.	O

A	O
multitarget	O
,	O
sensitive	O
,	O
specific	O
high	O
-	O
throughput	O
Respiratory	O
MultiCode	O
assay	O
tested	O
for	O
respiratory	O
-	O
virus	B-SPEC
sequences	O
for	O
eight	O
distinct	O
groups	O
:	O
human	B-SPEC
rhinovirus	I-SPEC
,	O
respiratory	B-SPEC
syncytial	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
,	O
parainfluenza	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
,	O
influenza	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
,	O
metapneumovirus	B-SPEC
,	O
adenovirus	B-DISO
,	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
,	O
and	O
enterovirus	B-SPEC
.	O

Acute	O
asthmatics	B-DISO
were	O
thrice	O
as	O
likely	O
to	O
be	O
infected	O
with	O
a	O
respiratory	O
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
OR	O
=	O
2	O
.	O
5	O
,	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
=	O
1	O
.	O
2	O
-	O
5	O
.	O
3	O
).	O

Strong	O
odds	O
for	O
rhinoviral	O
infection	B-DISO
were	O
observed	O
among	O
nebulised	O
children	O
compared	O
with	O
stable	O
asthmatics	B-DISO
(	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
005	O
,	O
OR	O
=	O
3	O
.	O
6	O
,	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
=	O
1	O
.	O
4	O
-	O
9	O
.	O
3	O
,).	O

Emergent	O
wheezing	B-DISO
illnesses	O
during	O
childhood	O
can	O
be	O
linked	O
to	O
infection	B-DISO
with	O
rhinovirus	B-SPEC
in	O
Trinidad	O
'	O
s	O
tropical	O
environment	O
.	O

Further	O
clinical	O
and	O
virology	O
investigations	O
are	O
recommended	O
on	O
the	O
role	O
of	O
infections	B-DISO
with	O
the	O
rhinovirus	B-SPEC
in	O
Caribbean	O
childhood	O
wheeze	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
drill	B-SPEC
did	O
not	O
generate	O
a	O
statistical	O
signal	O
in	O
the	O
NYC	O
-	O
DOHMH	O
SaTScan	O
analysis	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Records	O
from	O
42	O
patients	O
(	O
95	O
%)	O
were	O
successfully	O
transmitted	B-DISO
to	O
the	O
NYC	O
-	O
DOHMH	O
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
The	O
outbreak	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
can	O
be	O
regarded	O
as	O
a	O
mental	O
health	O
catastrophe	O
.	O

The	O
administration	O
of	O
phenobarbital	O
in	O
this	O
patient	O
allowed	O
improved	O
symptom	B-DISO
control	O
,	O
minimized	O
the	O
potential	O
for	O
propylene	B-CHED
glycol	I-CHED
toxicity	O
,	O
was	O
not	O
associated	O
with	O
respiratory	B-DISO
depression	I-DISO
,	O
and	O
facilitated	O
successful	O
weaning	B-PROC
of	O
benzodiazepines	B-CHED
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Forty	O
-	O
six	O
patients	O
(	O
92	O
%)	O
were	O
able	O
to	O
use	O
MDI	B-DISO
with	O
spacer	O
effectively	O
.	O

AFM	O
and	O
SPR	O
imaging	O
analyses	O
demonstrated	O
that	O
anti	O
-	O
SCVme	O
specifically	O
bound	O
to	O
the	O
fusion	O
protein	B-CHED
immobilized	O
onto	O
the	O
gold	O
-	O
micropatterned	O
chip	O
,	O
implying	O
that	O
appropriate	O
orientation	O
of	O
bound	O
fusion	O
protein	B-CHED
by	O
GBP	B-PRGE
resulted	O
in	O
optimal	O
exposure	O
of	O
the	O
SCVme	O
domain	O
to	O
the	O
assay	O
solution	O
,	O
resulting	O
in	O
efficient	O
capture	O
of	O
anti	O
-	O
SCVme	O
antibody	B-COMP
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Prevalence	O
of	O
feline	B-SPEC
coronavirus	B-SPEC
antibodies	B-COMP
in	O
cats	B-SPEC
in	O
Bursa	B-SPEC
province	O
,	O
Turkey	B-SPEC
,	O
by	O
an	O
enzyme	O
-	O
linked	O
immunosorbent	O
assay	O
.	O

The	O
serum	B-COMP
samples	O
were	O
initially	O
tested	O
with	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
neutralisation	O
(	O
VN	O
)	O
test	O
and	O
the	O
results	O
were	O
then	O
compared	O
with	O
the	O
ELISA	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Comparative	O
study	O
of	O
synonymous	O
codon	O
usage	O
variations	O
between	O
the	O
nucleocapsid	B-COMP
and	O
spike	O
genes	O
of	O
coronavirus	O
,	O
and	O
C	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
type	I-PRGE
lectin	I-PRGE
domain	I-PRGE
genes	I-PRGE
of	O
human	B-SPEC
and	O
mouse	B-SPEC
.	O

Findings	O
indicate	O
that	O
the	O
nucleocapsid	B-COMP
genes	O
of	O
CoVs	O
were	O
affected	O
from	O
the	O
synonymous	O
codon	O
usage	O
bias	B-SPEC
than	O
spike	O
genes	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
CTLDs	O
of	O
human	B-SPEC
and	O
mouse	B-SPEC
partially	O
overlapped	O
with	O
the	O
nucleocapsid	B-COMP
genes	O
of	O
CoVs	O
.	O

In	O
addition	O
,	O
we	O
observed	O
that	O
CTLDs	O
which	O
showed	O
the	O
similar	O
relative	O
synonymous	O
codon	O
usage	O
(	O
RSCU	O
)	O
patterns	O
with	O
CoVs	O
were	O
commonly	O
derived	O
from	O
the	O
human	B-ANAT
chromosome	B-COMP
12	O
,	O
and	O
mouse	B-SPEC
chromosome	B-ANAT
6	I-ANAT
and	O
12	O
,	O
suggesting	O
that	O
there	O
might	O
be	O
a	O
specific	O
genomic	O
region	O
or	O
chromosomes	B-COMP
which	O
show	O
a	O
more	O
similar	O
synonymous	O
codon	O
usage	O
pattern	O
with	O
viral	O
genes	O
.	O

Late	O
in	O
the	O
study	O
,	O
94	O
skin	B-ANAT
samples	O
(	O
ear	B-ANAT
notches	O
)	O
were	O
tested	O
for	O
Bovine	B-SPEC
viral	I-SPEC
diarrhea	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
BVDV	B-SPEC
)	O
by	O
immunohistochemistry	O
(	O
IHC	O
).	O

Viruses	B-SPEC
recovered	O
by	O
cell	B-COMP
culture	O
were	O
BVDV	B-SPEC
-	O
1a	O
noncytopathic	O
(	O
NCP	B-FUNC
;	O
2	O
.	O
7	O
%),	O
BVDV	B-SPEC
-	O
1a	O
cytopathic	O
(	O
CP	O
)	O
vaccine	O
strain	O
(	O
1	O
.	O
8	O
%),	O
BVDV	O
-	O
1b	O
NCP	B-FUNC
(	O
2	O
.	O
7	O
%),	O
BVDV	B-SPEC
-	O
2a	O
NCP	B-FUNC
(	O
3	O
.	O
2	O
%),	O
BVDV	B-SPEC
-	O
2b	O
CP	O
(	O
0	O
.	O
5	O
%),	O
and	O
Bovine	B-SPEC
herpesvirus	I-SPEC
1	I-SPEC
(	O
2	O
.	O
3	O
%).	O

Bovine	B-SPEC
viral	I-SPEC
diarrhea	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
IHC	O
testing	O
was	O
positive	O
in	O
5	O
.	O
3	O
%	O
of	O
the	O
animals	B-SPEC
.	O

Statistically	O
significant	O
relationships	O
were	O
present	O
among	O
the	O
agents	O
,	O
lesions	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
animal	B-SPEC
treatment	O
,	O
disease	O
onset	O
,	O
and	O
mortality	O
data	O
.	O

Clinical	O
illnesses	O
observed	O
in	O
this	O
study	O
were	O
lengthier	O
than	O
those	O
reported	O
16	O
-	O
20	O
years	O
ago	O
,	O
based	O
on	O
fatal	O
disease	O
onset	O
,	O
treatment	O
interval	O
,	O
and	O
day	O
of	O
death	B-PROC
.	O

We	O
describe	O
the	O
clinical	O
and	O
epidemiologic	O
characteristics	O
of	O
persons	O
hospitalized	O
for	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
at	O
the	O
national	O
tertiary	O
hospital	O
for	O
respiratory	O
illnesses	O
in	O
Mexico	O
City	O
who	O
had	O
laboratory	O
-	O
confirmed	O
S	O
-	O
OIV	O
infection	B-DISO
,	O
also	O
known	O
as	O
swine	B-DISO
flu	I-DISO
.	O

Within	O
7	O
days	O
after	O
contact	O
with	O
the	O
initial	O
case	O
patients	O
,	O
a	O
mild	O
or	O
moderate	O
influenza	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
like	I-DISO
illness	I-DISO
developed	O
in	O
22	O
health	O
care	O
workers	O
;	O
they	O
were	O
treated	O
with	O
oseltamivir	B-CHED
,	O
and	O
none	O
were	O
hospitalized	O
.	O

A	O
male	O
L	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
pardalis	I-SPEC
and	O
a	O
female	O
L	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
tigrinus	I-SPEC
were	O
positive	O
for	O
FeLV	O
proviral	O
DNA	O
,	O
and	O
identities	O
of	O
PCR	O
products	O
were	O
confirmed	O
by	O
sequencing	O
.	O

Pretreatment	O
of	O
Penn	O
-	O
98	O
-	O
1	O
with	O
trypsin	B-PRGE
reversed	O
its	O
properties	O
in	O
syncytium	B-PROC
formation	I-PROC
,	O
virus	B-SPEC
production	O
,	O
and	O
genome	O
transport	B-PROC
to	O
the	O
ER	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Intranasal	O
mouse	B-DISO
hepatitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
type	O
1	O
(	O
MHV	B-SPEC
-	O
1	O
)	O
infection	B-DISO
of	O
mice	B-SPEC
induces	O
lung	B-ANAT
pathology	B-DISO
similar	O
to	O
that	O
observed	O
in	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
patients	O
.	O

In	O
this	O
study	O
we	O
show	O
that	O
an	O
intact	O
type	B-PRGE
I	I-PRGE
interferon	I-PRGE
system	O
and	O
the	O
adaptive	B-PROC
immune	I-PROC
responses	I-PROC
are	O
required	O
for	O
controlling	O
MHV	B-SPEC
-	O
1	O
replication	O
and	O
preventing	O
morbidity	O
and	O
mortality	O
in	O
resistant	O
C57BL	O
/	O
6J	O
mice	B-SPEC
after	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

In	O
A	O
/	O
J	O
and	O
C3H	O
/	O
HeJ	O
mice	B-SPEC
,	O
which	O
are	O
highly	O
susceptible	O
to	O
MHV	B-SPEC
-	O
1	O
-	O
induced	O
disease	O
,	O
we	O
demonstrate	O
that	O
both	O
CD4	B-PRGE
and	O
CD8	B-PRGE
T	I-PRGE
cells	O
contribute	O
to	O
morbidity	O
during	O
primary	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
,	O
and	O
memory	B-PROC
responses	O
can	O
enhance	O
morbidity	O
and	O
mortality	O
during	O
subsequent	O
reexposure	O
to	O
MHV	B-SPEC
-	O
1	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Acquisition	O
of	O
cell	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
cell	B-COMP
fusion	I-PROC
activity	O
by	O
amino	B-PROC
acid	I-PROC
substitutions	I-PROC
in	O
spike	O
protein	B-CHED
determines	O
the	O
infectivity	O
of	O
a	O
coronavirus	O
in	O
cultured	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Coronavirus	B-SPEC
host	B-COMP
and	O
cell	B-COMP
specificities	O
are	O
determined	O
by	O
specific	O
interactions	O
between	O
the	O
viral	O
spike	O
(	O
S	O
)	O
protein	B-CHED
and	O
host	B-COMP
cell	I-COMP
receptor	O
(	O
s	O
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Intragastric	O
administration	O
of	O
attenuated	O
Salmonella	B-DISO
typhimurium	O
harbouring	O
transmissible	O
gastroenteritis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
)	O
DNA	O
vaccine	O
induced	O
specific	O
antibody	B-PROC
production	I-PROC
.	O

BALB	O
/	O
c	O
mice	B-SPEC
were	O
inoculated	O
orally	B-ANAT
with	O
SL7207	O
(	O
pVAX	O
-	O
S	O
)	O
at	O
different	O
dosages	O
,	O
the	O
bacterium	B-SPEC
was	O
safe	O
to	O
mice	B-SPEC
at	O
dosage	O
of	O
2x10	O
(	O
9	O
)	O
CFU	O
and	O
eventually	O
eliminated	O
from	O
the	O
spleen	B-ANAT
and	O
liver	B-ANAT
at	O
week	O
4	O
post	O
-	O
immunization	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
immunogenicity	O
of	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
nucleocapsid	B-COMP
DNA	I-PRGE
vaccine	O
and	O
the	O
immunoregulatory	O
activity	O
of	O
interleukin	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
(	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
2	I-FUNC
)	O
were	O
investigated	O
.	O

DNA	O
vaccine	O
plasmids	O
,	O
pcDNA	O
-	O
N	O
and	O
pcDNA	O
-	O
IL2	B-PRGE
,	O
were	O
constructed	O
and	O
inoculated	O
into	O
BALB	O
/	O
c	O
mice	B-SPEC
with	O
or	O
without	O
pcDNA	O
-	O
IL2	B-PRGE
by	O
intramuscular	O
injection	O
.	O

During	O
the	O
vaccination	O
course	O
,	O
the	O
candidate	O
peptide	B-CHED
vaccines	O
induced	O
strong	O
humoral	O
and	O
cellular	B-COMP
response	O
,	O
and	O
provided	O
up	O
to	O
80	O
.	O
0	O
%	O
immune	O
protection	O
,	O
while	O
all	O
non	O
-	O
immunized	O
chickens	B-SPEC
in	O
the	O
negative	O
control	O
group	O
manifested	O
obvious	O
typical	O
symptoms	O
and	O
died	B-PROC
after	O
virus	B-SPEC
challenge	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
monitor	O
and	O
study	O
the	O
molecular	O
epidemiology	O
,	O
evolution	B-PROC
and	O
pathogenicity	O
of	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
viruses	B-SPEC
(	O
IBVs	B-SPEC
)	O
in	O
China	O
in	O
recent	O
years	O
and	O
further	O
our	O
knowledge	O
of	O
the	O
evolution	B-PROC
of	O
IBVs	B-SPEC
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Three	O
types	O
of	O
IBV	B-SPEC
have	O
been	O
cocirculating	O
in	O
chicken	B-SPEC
flocks	O
in	O
China	O
in	O
recent	O
years	O
.	O

After	O
adjusting	O
for	O
physiology	O
,	O
injury	O
severity	O
,	O
and	O
transfusion	O
,	O
etomidate	B-CHED
use	O
remained	O
associated	O
with	O
ARDS	B-DISO
(	O
aOR	B-FUNC
=	O
3	O
.	O
9	O
,	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
=	O
1	O
.	O
24	O
-	O
12	O
.	O
0	O
).	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
Single	O
-	O
dose	O
etomidate	B-CHED
for	O
RSI	B-DISO
in	O
severely	O
injured	O
trauma	O
patients	O
is	O
associated	O
with	O
increased	O
ARDS	B-DISO
and	O
multiple	B-DISO
organ	I-DISO
dysfunction	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
,	O
in	O
part	O
,	O
because	O
of	O
an	O
effect	O
of	O
etomidate	B-CHED
on	O
the	O
inflammatory	B-DISO
response	I-DISO
.	O

We	O
have	O
previously	O
shown	O
for	O
the	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
species	B-SPEC
responsible	O
for	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
that	O
the	O
transmembrane	B-COMP
domain	O
of	O
E	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
(	O
ETM	O
)	O
forms	O
pentameric	O
alpha	O
-	O
helical	O
bundles	O
that	O
are	O
likely	O
responsible	O
for	O
the	O
observed	O
channel	B-FUNC
activity	I-FUNC
.	O

Full	B-PRGE
length	I-PRGE
SARS	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
E	I-PRGE
displayed	O
channel	B-FUNC
activity	I-FUNC
when	O
transiently	O
expressed	B-PROC
in	O
human	B-SPEC
embryonic	B-ANAT
kidney	B-ANAT
293	O
(	O
HEK	O
-	O
293	O
)	O
cells	B-COMP
in	O
a	O
whole	O
-	O
cell	B-COMP
patch	O
clamp	O
set	O
-	O
up	O
.	O

In	O
those	O
models	O
,	O
vagal	O
nerve	B-ANAT
transaction	O
and	O
splenectomy	O
decreased	O
cytokine	O
release	B-PATH
and	O
protected	O
against	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
and	O
mortality	O
.	O

Groups	O
were	O
compared	O
controlling	O
for	O
age	O
,	O
gender	O
,	O
injury	O
severity	O
score	O
(	O
ISS	B-DISO
),	O
emergency	B-DISO
department	O
(	O
ED	O
)	O
blood	B-PROC
pressure	I-PROC
,	O
and	O
ED	O
base	O
deficit	B-DISO
(	O
BD	O
)	O
using	O
multiple	O
regression	O
analyses	O
.	O

Nsp4	B-PRGE
is	O
localized	O
to	O
the	O
ER	B-COMP
membrane	I-COMP
when	O
expressed	B-PROC
alone	O
but	O
is	O
recruited	O
into	O
the	O
replication	O
complex	O
in	O
infected	O
cells	B-COMP
.	O

Department	O
for	O
International	O
Development	B-PROC
(	O
DfID	O
).	O

Most	O
physicians	O
and	O
general	O
practitioners	O
will	O
encounter	O
returned	O
travellers	O
with	O
fever	O
and	O
the	O
majority	O
of	O
travel	O
-	O
related	O
infection	B-DISO
is	O
associated	O
with	O
travel	O
to	O
the	O
tropics	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Immunogenicity	O
difference	O
between	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
and	O
the	O
bat	B-ENZY
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
like	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
spike	O
(	O
S	O
)	O
proteins	O
.	O

Functions	O
of	O
lung	O
,	O
heart	B-ANAT
,	O
liver	B-ANAT
and	O
kidney	B-ANAT
recovered	O
.	O

Although	O
the	O
transmission	O
of	O
infectious	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
to	O
airline	O
passengers	O
inside	O
an	O
aircraft	O
is	O
a	O
rare	O
occurrence	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
essential	O
to	O
implement	O
entry	O
and	O
exit	O
screening	O
procedures	O
at	O
airports	O
within	O
the	O
context	O
of	O
the	O
International	O
Health	O
Regulations	O
(	O
IHR	O
)	O
in	O
order	B-SPEC
to	O
slow	O
down	O
the	O
spread	O
of	O
infection	B-DISO
,	O
especially	O
during	O
the	O
early	O
phases	O
of	O
a	O
pandemic	O
event	O
.	O

Despite	O
the	O
severe	O
complications	O
in	O
his	O
clinical	O
course	O
,	O
including	O
diabetic	B-DISO
ketoacidosis	I-DISO
,	O
acute	B-DISO
renal	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
and	O
ARDS	B-DISO
,	O
detection	O
of	O
Legionella	B-SPEC
pneumophila	I-SPEC
by	O
a	O
urinary	O
antigen	B-CHED
test	O
,	O
Gimenez	O
stain	O
and	O
sputum	B-ANAT
culture	O
made	O
prompt	O
and	O
proper	O
administration	O
of	O
antibiotics	B-CHED
possible	O
,	O
finally	O
yielding	O
a	O
desirable	O
outcome	O
.	O

Although	O
viruses	B-SPEC
are	O
known	O
to	O
affect	O
host	B-COMP
survival	O
in	O
populations	O
,	O
this	O
has	O
not	O
been	O
previously	O
evaluated	O
in	O
the	O
context	O
of	O
host	B-COMP
group	O
selection	O
.	O

Viruses	B-SPEC
were	O
not	O
considered	O
in	O
such	O
models	O
.	O

Yet	O
many	O
viruses	B-SPEC
establish	O
species	B-SPEC
-	O
specific	O
persistent	O
,	O
inapparent	O
infections	B-DISO
that	O
are	O
stable	O
on	O
an	O
evolutionary	O
time	O
scale	O
.	O

This	O
virus	O
-	O
centric	O
re	O
-	O
examination	O
concludes	O
that	O
viruses	B-SPEC
can	O
indeed	O
affect	O
and	O
promote	O
relative	O
group	O
selection	O
.	O

This	O
report	O
summarizes	O
the	O
clinical	O
characteristics	O
of	O
a	O
series	O
of	O
10	O
patients	O
with	O
novel	O
influenza	O
A	O
(	O
H1N1	O
)	O
virus	B-PROC
infection	I-PROC
and	O
ARDS	B-DISO
at	O
a	O
tertiary	O
-	O
care	O
ICU	O
in	O
Michigan	O
.	O

P	O
-	O
TMA	B-CHED
Cl	O
significantly	O
decreased	O
P	O
(	O
DA	O
)	O
in	O
normal	O
and	O
inflamed	O
cells	B-COMP
and	O
attenuated	O
pressure	O
-	O
induced	O
increases	O
in	O
L	O
(	O
p	O
).	O

Unmodified	O
and	O
SeMet	O
-	O
substituted	O
proteins	O
were	O
crystallized	O
under	O
similar	O
conditions	O
,	O
resulting	O
in	O
tetragonal	O
crystals	B-ANAT
that	O
belonged	O
to	O
space	O
group	O
P4	O
(	O
3	O
).	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
An	O
ideal	O
animal	O
model	O
for	O
hepatitis	B-SPEC
E	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
HEV	B-SPEC
)	O
research	O
is	O
still	O
unavailable	O
.	O

In	O
order	B-SPEC
to	O
search	O
for	O
the	O
pharmacophore	O
space	O
around	O
the	O
diketoacid	O
core	O
,	O
three	O
classes	O
of	O
dihydroxychromone	O
derivatives	O
were	O
prepared	O
.	O

Based	O
on	O
SAR	B-CHED
study	O
,	O
an	O
extended	O
feature	O
of	O
the	O
pharmacophore	O
model	O
of	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
NTPase	B-ENZY
/	O
helicase	B-PRGE
was	O
proposed	O
which	O
is	O
constituted	O
of	O
a	O
diketoacid	O
core	O
,	O
a	O
hydrophobic	O
arylmethyl	O
substituent	O
,	O
and	O
a	O
free	O
catechol	B-CHED
unit	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Raccoon	B-SPEC
dog	I-SPEC
is	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
suspected	O
intermediate	O
hosts	B-COMP
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
).	O

The	O
full	O
genome	O
of	O
the	O
IBADAN	O
reference	O
strain	O
(	O
NGA	O
/	O
A116E7	O
/	O
2006	O
)	O
had	O
a	O
genetic	O
distance	O
of	O
9	O
.	O
7	O
-	O
16	O
.	O
4	O
%	O
at	O
the	O
nucleotide	B-CHED
level	O
with	O
all	O
available	O
fully	O
sequenced	O
strains	O
.	O

In	O
addition	O
,	O
differential	O
signals	O
are	O
required	O
for	O
trafficking	B-PROC
and	O
retention	B-PROC
of	O
virus	B-SPEC
-	O
specific	O
CD4	B-PRGE
+	I-PRGE
and	O
CD8	B-PRGE
+	I-PRGE
T	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
during	O
chronic	O
demyelination	B-DISO
in	O
JHMV	O
-	O
infected	O
mice	B-SPEC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Lower	O
respiratory	O
tract	O
infections	O
are	O
the	O
leading	O
cause	O
of	O
death	B-PROC
in	O
children	O
worldwide	O
.	O

The	O
majority	O
of	O
HCoV	O
infections	B-DISO
occurred	O
during	O
winter	O
months	O
,	O
and	O
over	O
62	O
%	O
were	O
in	O
previously	O
healthy	O
children	O
.	O

Recombinant	O
L	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
lactis	I-SPEC
,	O
expressing	O
the	O
SN	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
,	O
was	O
constructed	O
with	O
the	O
pNZ8112	O
plasmid	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
field	O
vaccination	O
coverage	O
and	O
persistence	O
of	O
Arkansas	O
-	O
type	O
viruses	B-SPEC
in	O
commercial	O
broilers	O
.	O

Protection	O
studies	O
conducted	O
on	O
birds	B-SPEC
vaccinated	O
with	O
Arkansas	O
-	O
and	O
Delaware	O
-	O
type	O
vaccines	O
and	O
removed	O
from	O
the	O
field	O
at	O
21	O
days	O
postvaccination	O
showed	O
complete	O
protection	O
against	O
challenge	O
with	O
Delaware	O
(	O
except	O
for	O
one	O
bird	B-SPEC
),	O
whereas	O
protection	O
against	O
Arkansas	O
challenge	O
was	O
between	O
37	O
.	O
5	O
%	O
and	O
62	O
.	O
5	O
%.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
understanding	O
of	O
innate	O
immune	B-PROC
modulation	I-PROC
by	O
pathogens	O
and	O
immune	O
-	O
modulating	O
agents	O
,	O
including	O
synthetic	O
oligodeoxynucleotides	O
(	O
CpG	O
ODNs	O
),	O
has	O
offered	O
several	O
new	O
approaches	O
to	O
improve	O
prophylactic	O
and	O
therapeutic	O
strategies	O
against	O
infectious	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
in	O
humans	B-SPEC
and	O
animals	B-SPEC
.	O

However	O
,	O
in	O
this	O
regard	O
not	O
much	O
work	O
has	O
been	O
done	O
in	O
avian	B-SPEC
medicine	B-CHED
.	O

In	O
the	O
present	O
study	O
,	O
we	O
analyzed	O
the	O
kinetics	O
of	O
interferon	B-PRGE
(	O
IFN	B-PRGE
),	O
cytokine	O
,	O
and	O
chemokine	O
mRNA	B-PROC
expression	B-PROC
in	O
chicken	B-SPEC
embryonic	B-ANAT
spleen	B-ANAT
at	O
6	O
hr	O
,	O
24	O
hr	O
,	O
48	O
hr	O
,	O
and	O
72	O
hr	O
after	O
administration	O
of	O
CpG	O
ODN	O
2007	O
(	O
B	O
-	O
class	B-SPEC
)	O
in	O
18	O
-	O
day	O
-	O
old	O
chicken	B-SPEC
embryos	B-ANAT
.	O

Moreover	O
,	O
the	O
infection	B-DISO
was	O
blocked	O
by	O
antibodies	B-COMP
against	O
pAPN	O
,	O
implying	O
the	O
critical	O
role	O
of	O
pAPN	O
during	O
virus	B-SPEC
entry	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Patients	O
who	O
are	O
diagnosed	O
with	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
/	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ALI	O
/	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
usually	O
have	O
ventilation	O
-	O
perfusion	O
mismatch	O
,	O
severe	O
decrease	O
in	O
lung	B-PROC
capacity	I-PROC
,	O
and	O
gas	B-ENZY
exchange	O
abnormalities	O
.	O

Significant	O
expression	O
levels	O
were	O
identified	O
for	O
ANPEP	O
(	O
a	O
receptor	O
for	O
CoV	O
),	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
inhibition	B-PROC
of	O
the	O
STAT1	B-PRGE
pathway	B-PROC
,	O
IFNs	O
production	O
and	O
CXCL10	B-PRGE
(	O
a	O
T	B-ANAT
-	I-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
recruiter	O
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
NMR	O
assignment	O
of	O
the	O
domain	O
513	O
-	O
651	O
from	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
nonstructural	O
protein	B-CHED
nsp3	B-PRGE
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Sequence	O
-	O
specific	O
NMR	O
assignments	O
of	O
an	O
internal	O
domain	O
of	O
the	O
protein	O
nsp3	B-PRGE
,	O
nsp3	B-PRGE
(	I-PRGE
513	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
651	I-PRGE
),	I-PRGE
which	O
is	O
a	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
)	O
replicase	B-PRGE
polyprotein	O
,	O
have	O
been	O
determined	O
,	O
using	O
triple	O
-	O
resonance	O
NMR	O
experiments	O
with	O
the	O
uniformly	O
[(	O
13	O
)	O
C	O
,(	O
15	O
)	O
N	O
]-	O
labeled	O
protein	B-CHED
.	O

RCE	O
appears	O
to	O
be	O
a	O
safe	O
and	O
effective	O
treatment	O
for	O
patients	O
with	O
sickle	B-DISO
cell	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
and	O
ACS	B-FUNC
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Sixty	O
-	O
two	O
percent	O
of	O
the	O
patients	O
had	O
at	O
least	O
one	O
previous	O
episode	O
of	O
ACS	B-FUNC
.	O

Many	O
patients	O
in	O
the	O
severe	O
complication	B-DISO
category	O
had	O
multiple	O
severe	O
complications	O
.	O

Despite	O
prompt	O
diagnosis	O
and	O
appropriate	O
treatment	O
with	O
antimicrobial	B-CHED
agents	O
active	O
against	O
Legionella	B-SPEC
,	O
the	O
lethal	O
complications	O
of	O
Legionella	B-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
are	O
septic	B-DISO
shock	I-DISO
/	O
MODS	B-DISO
and	O
interstitial	B-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
/	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
fibrosis	I-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
A	O
case	O
of	O
interstitial	B-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
complicating	O
RS3PE	B-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
in	O
which	O
soluble	O
interleukin	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
receptor	I-PRGE
(	O
sIL	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
2R	I-PRGE
)	O
proved	O
useful	O
for	O
assessing	O
symptoms	O
].	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
patient	O
was	O
a	O
70	O
-	O
year	O
-	O
old	O
man	B-CHED
who	O
had	O
been	O
given	O
a	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
remitting	B-DISO
seronegative	I-DISO
symmetrical	I-DISO
synovitis	I-DISO
with	I-DISO
pitting	I-DISO
edema	I-DISO
(	O
RS3PE	O
)	O
syndrome	B-DISO
and	O
had	O
been	O
placed	O
on	O
low	O
-	O
dose	O
steroid	B-CHED
therapy	O
in	O
the	O
Department	O
of	O
Orthopedics	O
.	O

During	O
treatment	O
,	O
sudden	O
fever	B-PROC
,	O
hypoxemia	O
and	O
chest	B-ANAT
radiography	O
-	O
confirmed	O
interstitial	B-ANAT
shadows	O
throughout	O
the	O
lung	B-ANAT
fields	O
were	O
noted	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
patient	O
was	O
referred	O
to	O
the	O
Department	O
of	O
Internal	O
Medicine	B-CHED
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Host	B-COMP
-	O
pathogen	O
interactions	O
during	O
coronavirus	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
of	O
primary	O
alveolar	B-ANAT
epithelial	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
nonstructural	O
protein	B-CHED
2	O
interacts	O
with	O
a	O
host	B-COMP
protein	B-CHED
complex	I-ANAT
involved	O
in	O
mitochondrial	B-PROC
biogenesis	B-PROC
and	O
intracellular	B-COMP
signaling	B-PROC
.	O

Our	O
results	O
suggest	O
that	O
nsp2	B-PRGE
may	O
be	O
involved	O
in	O
the	O
disruption	O
of	O
intracellular	B-COMP
host	B-COMP
signaling	B-PROC
during	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
infections	B-DISO
.	O

These	O
data	O
,	O
together	O
with	O
high	O
-	O
field	O
relaxation	O
and	O
heteronuclear	O
NOE	O
,	O
provide	O
evidence	O
for	O
correlated	O
rigid	B-DISO
-	O
body	B-ANAT
motions	O
of	O
the	O
entire	O
beta	O
-	O
hairpin	O
,	O
and	O
corresponding	O
motions	O
of	O
adjacent	O
loops	O
with	O
a	O
time	O
constant	O
of	O
0	O
.	O
8	O
ns	O
(	O
mesodynamics	O
).	O

Chronic	B-DISO
obstructive	I-DISO
pulmonary	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
(	O
COPD	B-DISO
)	O
is	O
the	O
first	O
cause	O
of	O
cor	B-DISO
pulmonale	I-DISO
,	O
far	O
before	O
idiopathic	B-DISO
pulmonary	I-DISO
fibrosis	I-DISO
and	O
obesity	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
hypoventilation	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Nonthrombotic	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
embolism	I-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Nonthrombotic	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
embolism	I-DISO
(	O
NTPE	O
)	O
is	O
defined	O
as	O
embolisation	O
to	O
the	O
pulmonary	O
circulation	B-PROC
of	O
different	O
cell	B-COMP
types	O
(	O
adipocytes	B-ANAT
,	O
haematopoietic	B-ANAT
,	O
amniotic	B-ANAT
,	O
trophoblastic	O
or	O
tumour	B-DISO
),	O
bacteria	B-SPEC
,	O
fungi	B-SPEC
,	O
foreign	O
material	O
or	O
gas	B-ENZY
.	O

Profiling	O
of	O
IFNAR	B-PRGE
-/-	O
mice	B-SPEC
allowed	O
us	O
to	O
identify	O
type	B-PRGE
I	I-PRGE
IFN	I-PRGE
-	O
independent	O
and	O
-	O
dependent	O
responses	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Two	O
rapid	O
real	O
-	O
time	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
assays	O
,	O
specific	O
for	O
respiratory	B-SPEC
syncytial	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
RSV	B-SPEC
)	O
and	O
influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
and	O
B	O
,	O
were	O
evaluated	O
for	O
the	O
detection	O
of	O
these	O
viruses	B-SPEC
in	O
clinical	O
respiratory	B-ANAT
samples	I-ANAT
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Over	O
the	O
last	O
year	O
there	O
have	O
been	O
more	O
studies	O
determining	O
predisposition	O
to	O
severe	O
bronchiolitis	B-DISO
and	O
its	O
consequences	O
.	O

The	O
impact	O
of	O
'	O
other	O
'	O
viruses	B-SPEC
(	O
RSV	B-SPEC
,	O
influenza	B-DISO
,	O
adenovirus	B-DISO
,	O
parainfluenza	B-DISO
,	O
rhinovirus	B-SPEC
,	O
human	B-SPEC
metapneumovirus	I-SPEC
[	O
hMPV	B-SPEC
],	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
,	O
boca	B-DISO
-	O
virus	B-SPEC
,	O
enterovirus	B-SPEC
,	O
paraechovirus	O
)	O
has	O
been	O
investigated	O
.	O

The	O
gene	O
that	O
encodes	O
a	O
double	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
mutant	I-PRGE
IBV	B-SPEC
nsp2	I-PRGE
N	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
terminal	I-PRGE
domain	I-PRGE
(	O
residues	O
9	O
-	O
393	O
of	O
the	O
polyprotein	O
,	O
with	O
mutations	O
Q132L	O
and	O
L270F	O
)	O
was	O
cloned	O
and	O
expressed	B-PROC
in	O
Escherichia	B-SPEC
coli	I-SPEC
and	O
the	O
protein	B-CHED
was	O
subjected	O
to	O
crystallization	O
trials	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
threat	O
of	O
outbreak	O
of	O
infectious	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
such	O
as	O
non	O
-	O
seasonal	O
influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
(	O
H1N1	O
),	O
commonly	O
referred	O
to	O
as	O
Swine	B-DISO
Flu	I-DISO
,	O
can	O
provoke	O
the	O
implementation	O
of	O
public	O
health	O
control	O
measures	O
such	O
as	O
quarantine	O
.	O

The	O
age	O
-	O
specific	O
reference	O
ranges	O
of	O
normal	O
oral	B-ANAT
temperature	O
from	O
this	O
study	O
for	O
students	O
<	O
or	O
=	O
12	O
years	O
old	O
and	O
>	O
12	O
years	O
old	O
were	O
35	O
.	O
7	O
degrees	O
C	O
to	O
37	O
.	O
7	O
degrees	O
C	O
and	O
35	O
.	O
6	O
degrees	O
C	O
to	O
37	O
.	O
4	O
degrees	O
C	O
,	O
respectively	O
.	O

Compared	O
to	O
low	O
PEEP	B-CHED
,	O
PaO	B-PROC
(	O
2	O
)/	O
FiO	O
(	O
2	O
)	O
ratio	O
and	O
alveolar	B-ANAT
recruitment	B-DISO
were	O
increased	O
with	O
high	O
PEEP	B-CHED
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
innate	B-DISO
immune	I-DISO
response	I-DISO
is	O
critical	O
for	O
host	B-PROC
defence	I-PROC
against	O
respiratory	O
coronaviruses	O
(	O
CoVs	O
).	O

Outbreaks	O
of	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
(	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
)	O
and	O
avian	B-DISO
influenza	B-SPEC
viruses	I-SPEC
are	O
but	O
recent	O
examples	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Detection	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
nucleocapsid	B-COMP
protein	B-CHED
in	O
human	B-SPEC
serum	B-COMP
using	O
a	O
localized	O
surface	O
plasmon	O
coupled	O
fluorescence	O
fiber	B-ANAT
-	O
optic	B-ANAT
biosensor	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
In	O
this	O
work	O
,	O
the	O
inhibitory	O
activity	O
of	O
pyridine	B-CHED
N	I-CHED
-	I-CHED
oxide	I-CHED
derivatives	O
against	O
human	B-SPEC
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
is	O
predicted	O
in	O
terms	O
of	O
quantitative	O
structure	O
-	O
activity	O
relationship	O
(	O
QSAR	O
)	O
models	O
.	O

Comparison	O
of	O
the	O
results	O
of	O
the	O
proposed	O
model	O
with	O
those	O
of	O
GA	O
-	O
PLS	B-DISO
-	O
ANFIS	O
shows	O
that	O
the	O
shuffling	O
MARS	O
-	O
ANFIS	O
model	O
is	O
superior	O
and	O
can	O
be	O
considered	O
as	O
a	O
tool	O
for	O
predicting	O
the	O
inhibitory	O
behavior	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
drug	O
-	O
like	O
molecules	O
.	O

Members	O
of	O
the	O
GBF	B-PRGE
/	O
Gea	B-SPEC
and	O
BIG	B-PRGE
/	O
Sec7	B-PRGE
subfamilies	O
are	O
large	O
proteins	B-CHED
on	O
the	O
order	B-SPEC
of	O
200	O
kDa	O
,	O
and	O
they	O
possess	B-DISO
multiple	O
homology	O
domains	O
.	O

This	O
study	O
was	O
designed	O
to	O
profile	O
the	O
tolerability	O
of	O
RCIM	O
by	O
reviewing	O
narratively	O
all	O
randomized	O
,	O
double	O
-	O
blind	B-DISO
,	O
placebo	O
-	O
controlled	O
clinical	O
trials	O
and	O
open	O
-	O
label	B-CHED
studies	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
data	O
from	O
postmarketing	O
surveillance	O
studies	O
representing	O
>	O
30	O
million	O
prescriptions	O
.	O

RCIM	O
should	O
not	O
be	O
used	O
in	O
case	O
of	O
acute	O
streptococcal	O
glomerulonephritis	B-DISO
,	O
acquired	B-DISO
immune	I-DISO
deficiency	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
,	O
severe	O
viral	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
,	O
or	O
severe	O
autoimmune	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Multiply	O
organ	B-DISO
dysfunction	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
due	O
to	O
tramadol	O
intoxication	O
alone	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Tramadol	O
is	O
a	O
synthetic	O
,	O
centrally	O
acting	O
analgesic	O
for	O
the	O
treatment	O
of	O
moderate	O
to	O
severe	B-DISO
pain	I-DISO
.	O

A	O
normal	O
-	O
dose	O
tramadol	O
has	O
less	O
adverse	B-DISO
effects	I-DISO
than	O
other	O
opioids	O
.	O

With	O
a	O
history	O
of	O
tramadol	O
abuse	B-DISO
for	O
6	O
months	O
,	O
the	O
patient	O
was	O
found	O
unconsciousness	O
in	O
bed	B-DISO
8	O
hours	O
before	O
hospitalization	O
.	O

A	O
toxicologic	O
analysis	O
showed	O
a	O
tramadol	O
blood	B-ANAT
concentration	O
of	O
9	O
.	O
5	O
mg	O
/	O
L	O
without	O
toxic	O
levels	O
of	O
other	O
drugs	O
.	O

Preference	O
will	O
be	O
given	O
to	O
rRBD	B-PRGE
expressed	B-PROC
in	O
mammalian	B-SPEC
cells	B-COMP
for	O
future	O
evaluation	O
of	O
the	O
vaccine	O
efficacy	O
in	O
a	O
non	O
-	O
human	B-SPEC
primate	B-SPEC
model	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
because	O
of	O
its	O
ability	O
to	O
refold	O
into	O
a	O
native	O
conformation	O
more	O
readily	O
and	O
to	O
induce	O
higher	O
level	O
of	O
neutralizing	O
antibody	B-PROC
responses	I-PROC
than	O
those	O
expressed	B-PROC
in	O
E	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
coli	I-SPEC
and	O
insect	B-SPEC
cells	B-COMP
.	O

3a	O
/	O
X1	O
also	O
enhanced	O
RANKL	O
expression	B-PROC
in	O
mouse	B-SPEC
stromal	O
ST2	B-ANAT
cells	B-COMP
.	O

The	O
initial	O
chest	B-ANAT
radiograph	O
in	O
both	O
of	O
these	O
cases	O
showed	O
diffuse	O
axial	O
interstitial	B-ANAT
pattern	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
outbreak	O
and	O
spread	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
-	O
associated	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
and	O
the	O
subsequent	O
identification	O
of	O
its	O
animal	B-SPEC
origin	O
study	O
have	O
heightened	O
the	O
world	O
'	O
s	O
awareness	O
of	O
animal	B-SPEC
-	O
borne	O
or	O
zoonotic	O
pathogens	O
.	O

The	O
878	O
-	O
bp	O
of	O
the	O
S1	B-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
covering	O
a	O
hypervariable	O
region	O
was	O
amplified	O
and	O
sequenced	O
.	O

IBV	B-SPEC
isolates	O
in	O
group	O
I	O
were	O
not	O
related	O
to	O
other	O
IBV	B-SPEC
strains	O
published	O
in	O
the	O
GenBank	O
database	O
.	O

Group	O
1	O
nucleotide	B-CHED
sequence	O
identities	O
were	O
less	O
than	O
85	O
%	O
and	O
amino	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
sequence	O
identities	O
less	O
than	O
84	O
%	O
in	O
common	O
with	O
IBVs	O
published	O
in	O
the	O
GenBank	O
database	O
.	O

The	O
clinical	O
disease	O
profile	O
suggested	O
that	O
the	O
pandas	B-DISO
may	O
have	O
suffered	B-DISO
a	O
viral	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
.	O

Therefore	O
,	O
a	O
series	O
of	O
detection	O
including	O
virus	B-SPEC
isolation	O
,	O
electron	O
microscopy	O
,	O
cytobiological	O
assay	O
,	O
serum	B-COMP
neutralization	O
and	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
were	O
used	O
to	O
identify	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Elucidation	O
of	O
the	O
stability	O
and	O
functional	O
regions	O
of	O
the	O
human	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
OC43	I-PRGE
nucleocapsid	B-ANAT
protein	B-CHED
.	O

The	O
primary	O
function	O
of	O
the	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
OC43	I-SPEC
nucleocapsid	B-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
(	O
N	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
)	O
is	O
to	O
recognize	O
viral	O
genomic	O
RNA	O
,	O
which	O
leads	O
to	O
ribonucleocapsid	O
formation	B-PROC
.	O

This	O
study	O
may	O
benefit	O
the	O
understanding	O
of	O
the	O
mechanism	O
of	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
OC43	I-SPEC
nucleocapsid	B-COMP
formation	B-PROC
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
Common	O
household	O
disinfectants	B-CHED
and	O
antiseptics	O
were	O
effective	O
at	O
inactivating	O
MHV	B-SPEC
,	O
a	O
possible	O
surrogate	O
for	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
,	O
from	O
surfaces	O
when	O
used	O
as	O
directed	O
.	O

Recent	O
studies	O
have	O
demonstrated	O
that	O
significant	O
axonal	O
injury	O
also	O
occurs	O
in	O
MS	O
patients	O
and	O
correlates	O
with	O
neurological	O
dysfunction	O
,	O
but	O
it	O
is	O
not	O
known	O
whether	O
this	O
neuronal	O
damage	O
is	O
a	O
primary	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
process	O
,	O
or	O
occurs	O
only	O
secondary	O
to	O
demyelination	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
pathogenic	O
properties	O
of	O
genetically	O
engineered	O
isogenic	O
spike	O
protein	B-CHED
recombinant	O
demyelinating	O
and	O
nondemyelinating	O
strains	O
of	O
MHV	B-SPEC
were	O
compared	O
.	O

Studies	O
demonstrate	O
that	O
a	O
demyelinating	O
strain	O
of	O
MHV	B-SPEC
causes	O
concomitant	O
axonal	O
loss	O
and	O
macrophage	B-ANAT
-	O
mediated	O
demyelination	B-DISO
.	O

Despite	O
the	O
autopsy	O
findings	O
,	O
all	O
intravital	O
specimens	O
collected	O
(	O
blood	B-ANAT
,	O
urine	B-ANAT
,	O
and	O
tracheal	B-ANAT
mucus	I-ANAT
)	O
and	O
all	O
clinical	O
Candida	B-SPEC
antigen	B-CHED
tests	O
were	O
unsuspicious	O
.	O

Suppression	B-DISO
of	O
immune	B-PROC
response	I-PROC
and	O
possible	O
previous	O
gastric	B-ANAT
Candida	B-SPEC
colonization	O
may	O
contribute	O
to	O
hazardous	O
outcomes	O
.	O

The	O
2002	O
-	O
2003	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
outbreak	O
in	O
Hong	O
Kong	O
,	O
where	O
27	O
%	O
of	O
cases	O
were	O
healthcare	O
workers	O
,	O
was	O
used	O
as	O
an	O
example	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
During	O
the	O
outbreak	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
in	O
2002	O
/	O
3	O
,	O
a	O
prototype	O
virus	B-SPEC
was	O
isolated	O
from	O
a	O
patient	O
in	O
Frankfurt	O
/	O
Germany	O
(	O
strain	O
Frankfurt	O
-	O
1	O
).	O

To	O
study	O
the	O
role	O
of	O
ORF	B-PRGE
7b	I-PRGE
in	O
the	O
context	O
of	O
virus	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
,	O
we	O
cloned	O
a	O
full	O
genome	O
cDNA	O
copy	O
of	O
Frankfurt	O
-	O
1	O
in	O
a	O
bacterial	O
artificial	O
chromosome	B-COMP
downstream	O
of	O
a	O
T7	B-PRGE
RNA	I-PRGE
polymerase	I-PRGE
promoter	I-PRGE
.	O

In	O
CaCo	O
-	O
2	O
and	O
HUH7	O
cells	B-COMP
,	O
but	O
not	O
in	O
Vero	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
,	O
the	O
variant	O
carrying	O
the	O
ORF	O
7b	O
deletion	O
had	O
a	O
replicative	O
advantage	O
against	O
the	O
parental	O
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
4	O
-	O
and	O
6	O
-	O
fold	O
increase	O
of	O
virus	B-SPEC
RNA	O
in	O
supernatant	O
,	O
respectively	O
).	O

In	O
Syrian	B-SPEC
Golden	I-SPEC
Hamsters	I-SPEC
inoculated	O
intranasally	O
with	O
10e4	O
plaque	B-DISO
forming	O
units	O
of	O
either	O
virus	B-SPEC
,	O
mean	O
titers	O
of	O
infectious	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
and	O
viral	O
RNA	O
in	O
the	O
lungs	B-ANAT
after	O
24	O
h	O
were	O
increased	O
23	O
-	O
and	O
94	O
.	O
8	O
-	O
fold	O
,	O
respectively	O
,	O
with	O
the	O
deleted	O
virus	B-SPEC
.	O

Upon	O
receptor	B-FUNC
binding	I-FUNC
,	O
the	O
spike	O
(	O
S	O
)	O
proteins	B-CHED
of	O
both	O
viruses	B-SPEC
are	O
activated	O
for	O
membrane	B-PROC
fusion	I-PROC
by	O
proteases	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
trypsin	B-PRGE
,	O
present	O
in	O
the	O
environment	O
,	O
facilitating	O
virus	B-SPEC
entry	O
from	O
the	O
cell	B-COMP
surface	I-COMP
.	O

In	O
contrast	O
,	O
in	O
the	O
absence	O
of	O
extracellular	B-COMP
proteases	O
,	O
these	O
viruses	B-SPEC
can	O
enter	O
cells	B-COMP
via	O
an	O
endosomal	O
pathway	B-PROC
and	O
utilize	O
endosomal	O
cathepsins	O
for	O
S	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
activation	O
.	O

We	O
demonstrate	O
that	O
the	O
MHV	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
S	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
uses	O
multistep	O
conformational	O
changes	O
for	O
membrane	B-PROC
fusion	I-PROC
.	O

Liposome	O
-	O
binding	B-FUNC
assays	O
indicate	O
that	O
the	O
receptor	O
-	O
bound	O
virions	B-COMP
are	O
associated	O
with	O
the	O
target	O
membrane	B-COMP
through	O
hydrophobic	B-PROC
interactions	I-PROC
.	O

Molecular	O
analysis	O
detected	O
mutations	O
in	O
the	O
CD40L	B-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
(	O
Hyper	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
IgM	I-PRGE
syndrome	I-PRGE
Type	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Severe	B-DISO
sepsis	I-DISO
and	O
septic	B-DISO
shock	I-DISO
at	O
the	O
Hajj	O
:	O
etiologies	O
and	O
outcomes	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Severe	B-DISO
sepsis	I-DISO
and	O
septic	B-DISO
shock	I-DISO
accounts	O
for	O
25	O
.	O
4	O
%	O
of	O
admission	O
to	O
the	O
ICU	O
during	O
Hajj	O
.	O

Calculation	O
of	O
the	O
ratio	O
of	O
the	O
cumulative	O
number	O
of	O
deaths	B-PROC
to	O
cases	O
during	O
the	O
course	O
of	O
an	O
epidemic	O
tends	O
to	O
result	O
in	O
a	O
biased	O
CFR	O
.	O

At	O
48	O
hours	O
,	O
LBP	O
levels	O
were	O
significantly	O
higher	O
in	O
ARDS	B-DISO
patients	O
than	O
in	O
ALI	O
patients	O
(	O
112	O
.	O
5	O
+/-	O
71	O
.	O
8	O
microg	O
/	O
ml	O
vs	O
.	O
76	O
.	O
6	O
+/-	O
55	O
.	O
9	O
microg	O
/	O
ml	O
,	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
0001	O
).	O

While	O
comparing	O
the	O
interactions	O
that	O
humans	B-SPEC
and	O
bats	B-SPEC
establish	O
with	O
Lyssavirus	B-SPEC
,	O
scientists	O
try	O
to	O
understand	O
the	O
molecular	O
basis	O
ofpathogenicity	O
in	O
man	B-CHED
,	O
a	O
indispensable	O
prerequisite	O
to	O
identify	O
antiviral	B-CHED
targets	O
in	O
a	O
perspective	O
of	O
therapy	O
.	O

One	O
of	O
the	O
mechanisms	O
that	O
can	O
help	O
resolving	O
infection	B-DISO
is	O
antibody	B-COMP
-	O
dependent	O
,	O
complement	O
-	O
mediated	O
lysis	B-DISO
(	O
ADCML	O
)	O
of	O
infected	O
cells	B-COMP
.	O

ADCML	O
assays	O
,	O
using	O
FIPV	O
strain	O
79	O
-	O
1146	O
and	O
its	O
deletion	O
mutant	B-DISO
strain	O
Delta	O
3abc	O
/	O
Delta	O
7ab	O
,	O
were	O
performed	O
on	O
:	O
(	O
i	O
)	O
CrFK	O
cells	B-COMP
that	O
show	O
surface	O
-	O
expressed	B-PROC
viral	O
antigens	B-CHED
,	O
(	O
ii	O
)	O
monocytes	B-ANAT
without	O
surface	O
-	O
expressed	B-PROC
viral	O
proteins	B-CHED
due	O
to	O
retention	B-PROC
and	O
(	O
iii	O
)	O
monocytes	B-ANAT
with	O
surface	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
expressed	I-PRGE
viral	I-PRGE
proteins	B-CHED
since	O
the	O
antibody	B-COMP
-	O
mediated	O
internalization	O
of	O
these	O
proteins	B-CHED
was	O
blocked	O
.	O

As	O
expected	O
,	O
no	O
ADCML	O
was	O
detected	O
of	O
the	O
monocytes	B-ANAT
without	O
surface	O
-	O
expressed	B-PROC
viral	O
antigens	B-CHED
.	O

Although	O
essential	O
for	O
efficient	O
de	O
-	O
O	O
-	O
acetylation	B-PROC
of	O
Sias	O
,	O
this	O
interaction	O
is	O
not	O
required	O
for	O
catalysis	O
nor	O
does	O
it	O
affect	O
substrate	O
specificity	O
.	O

In	O
fact	O
,	O
the	O
distinct	O
preference	O
of	O
the	O
porcine	B-SPEC
torovirus	I-SPEC
enzyme	O
for	O
9	O
-	O
mono	B-DISO
-	O
over	O
7	O
,	O
9	O
-	O
di	O
-	O
O	O
-	O
acetylated	O
Sias	O
can	O
be	O
explained	O
from	O
a	O
single	O
-	O
residue	O
difference	O
with	O
HEs	B-DISO
of	O
more	O
promiscuous	O
specificity	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Revisiting	O
steroid	B-CHED
treatment	O
for	O
septic	B-DISO
shock	I-DISO
:	O
molecular	O
actions	O
and	O
clinical	O
effects	O
--	O
a	O
review	O
.	O

But	O
in	O
4	O
non	O
-	O
survival	O
patients	O
,	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
CD4	B-PRGE
(+)	O
T	B-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
kept	O
continuously	O
in	O
lower	O
level	O
.	O

Discontinuance	O
of	O
immunosuppressive	B-CHED
agents	I-CHED
in	O
severe	O
CMV	B-SPEC
pneumonia	B-DISO
patients	O
was	O
safe	O
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
CMV	B-SPEC
pneumonia	B-DISO
is	O
associated	O
with	O
lower	O
CD4	B-PRGE
(+)	O
T	B-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
level	O
in	O
kidney	B-ANAT
transplant	I-ANAT
recipients	O
.	O

The	O
spectrum	O
of	O
interferon	B-PRGE
(	O
IFN	O
)-	O
gamma	O
responses	O
of	O
Balb	O
/	O
c	O
mice	B-SPEC
immunized	O
against	O
two	O
different	O
forms	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
CoV	O
-	O
N	O
plasmid	O
was	O
then	O
analyzed	O
.	O

On	O
the	O
basis	O
of	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
four	O
different	O
plasmids	O
were	O
constructed	O
:	O
(	O
i	O
)	O
DNA	O
encoding	O
the	O
unmodified	O
N	O
(	O
p	O
-	O
N	O
)	O
or	O
N	O
(	O
70	O
-	O
122	O
)	O
(	O
p	O
-	O
N	O
(	O
70	O
-	O
122	O
))	O
as	O
an	O
endogenous	O
cytoplasmic	B-COMP
protein	B-CHED
or	O
(	O
ii	O
)	O
DNA	O
encoding	O
a	O
lysosome	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
associated	I-PRGE
membrane	B-COMP
protein	B-CHED
(	O
LAMP	B-PRGE
)	O
chimera	B-DISO
with	O
N	O
(	O
p	O
-	O
LAMP	B-CHED
/	O
N	O
)	O
or	O
N	O
(	O
70	O
-	O
122	O
)	O
(	O
p	O
-	O
LAMP	B-CHED
/	O
N	O
(	O
70	O
-	O
122	O
)).	O

These	O
findings	O
show	O
that	O
DNA	O
vaccines	O
,	O
even	O
epitope	B-CHED
-	O
based	O
DNA	O
vaccines	O
using	O
LAMP	O
as	O
chimera	B-DISO
,	O
can	O
elicit	O
both	O
humoral	O
and	O
cellular	B-PROC
immune	I-PROC
responses	I-PROC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
A	O
real	O
-	O
time	O
TaqMan	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
assay	O
with	O
an	O
internal	O
amplification	B-DISO
control	O
for	O
rapid	O
detection	O
of	O
transmissible	O
gastroenteritis	O
virus	B-SPEC
in	O
swine	B-SPEC
fecal	B-ANAT
samples	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Airborne	O
virus	B-SPEC
capture	O
and	O
inactivation	B-DISO
by	O
an	O
electrostatic	O
particle	O
collector	O
.	O

This	O
article	O
examines	O
the	O
pedagogical	O
innovations	O
that	O
allow	O
clinical	O
teaching	O
to	O
continue	O
without	O
medical	O
students	O
examining	O
actual	O
patients	O
,	O
and	O
proposes	O
a	O
contingency	O
plan	B-DISO
in	O
the	O
event	O
of	O
future	O
outbreaks	O
that	O
may	O
necessitate	O
similar	O
containment	O
measures	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Study	O
on	O
interaction	O
between	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
N	I-PRGE
and	O
MAP19	O
].	O

Using	O
a	O
yeast	B-SPEC
two	O
-	O
hybrid	O
screen	O
with	O
the	O
nucleocapsid	B-COMP
(	O
N	O
)	O
protein	B-CHED
of	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
as	O
a	O
bait	O
,	O
the	O
N	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
was	O
found	O
to	O
interact	O
with	O
MAP19	B-PRGE
,	O
a	O
non	O
-	O
enzymatic	O
protein	B-CHED
of	O
MASP	B-PRGE
(	O
mannan	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
associated	I-PRGE
serine	B-CHED
protease	I-PRGE
).	O

SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
N	O
greatly	O
increased	O
the	O
amount	O
of	O
MAP19	B-PRGE
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Antigen	B-CHED
-	O
capture	O
blocking	B-DISO
enzyme	O
-	O
linked	O
immunosorbent	O
assay	O
based	O
on	O
a	O
baculovirus	B-SPEC
recombinant	O
antigen	O
to	O
differentiate	O
Transmissible	O
gastroenteritis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
from	O
Porcine	B-SPEC
respiratory	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
antibodies	B-COMP
.	O

These	O
results	O
indicated	O
that	O
truncated	O
recombinant	B-PRGE
S	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
is	O
a	O
suitable	O
alternative	O
to	O
the	O
complete	O
virus	B-SPEC
as	O
antigen	B-CHED
in	O
ELISA	O
assays	O
.	O

After	O
hybridization	O
,	O
the	O
microarrays	O
were	O
scanned	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
hybridization	B-PROC
pattern	O
agreed	O
perfectly	O
with	O
the	O
known	O
location	O
of	O
each	O
probe	O
.	O

Carcinoembryonic	B-PRGE
cell	I-PRGE
adhesion	B-DISO
antigen	B-CHED
1a	I-PRGE
(	O
CEACAM1a	O
)	O
is	O
the	O
specific	O
receptor	O
for	O
the	O
mouse	B-DISO
hepatitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
MHV	B-SPEC
),	O
a	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
known	O
to	O
induce	O
acute	B-DISO
viral	I-DISO
hepatitis	I-DISO
in	O
mice	B-SPEC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
production	O
of	O
interferon	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
gamma	I-FUNC
(	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
gamma	I-PRGE
)	O
by	O
infiltrating	B-DISO
natural	O
killer	O
(	O
NK	O
)	O
cells	B-COMP
in	O
liver	B-ANAT
is	O
involved	O
in	O
the	O
control	O
of	O
mouse	B-DISO
hepatitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
MHV	B-SPEC
)	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
objectives	O
of	O
this	O
study	O
were	O
to	O
identify	O
the	O
mechanisms	O
used	O
by	O
MHV	B-SPEC
type	O
3	O
to	O
modulate	O
the	O
production	O
of	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
gamma	I-PRGE
by	O
NK	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
during	O
the	O
acute	B-DISO
hepatitis	I-DISO
in	O
susceptible	O
C57BL	O
/	O
6	O
mice	B-SPEC
.	O

Ex	O
vivo	O
and	O
in	O
vitro	O
experiments	O
revealed	O
that	O
NK	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
,	O
expressing	O
carcinoembryonic	O
antigen	B-CHED
-	O
related	O
cell	B-PROC
adhesion	B-DISO
molecules	O
(	O
CEACAM	O
)	O
1a	O
(	O
the	O
MHV	B-PRGE
receptor	I-PRGE
),	O
can	O
produce	O
a	O
higher	O
level	O
of	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
gamma	I-PRGE
in	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
both	O
L2	O
-	O
MHV3	O
and	O
interleukin	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
12	I-PRGE
(	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
12	I-FUNC
)/	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
18	I-FUNC
.	O

In	O
bronchial	B-ANAT
alveolar	I-ANAT
lavage	I-ANAT
fluid	I-ANAT
(	O
BALF	O
)	O
a	O
neutrophil	B-ANAT
influx	O
increased	O
the	O
population	O
of	O
neutrophils	O
to	O
45	O
%	O
compared	O
with	O
6	O
%	O
of	O
the	O
cells	B-COMP
in	O
control	O
samples	O
on	O
day	O
2	O
after	O
mock	O
inoculation	O
.	O

The	O
concentrations	O
of	O
chemokines	O
MCP	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
,	O
LIX	B-PRGE
and	O
CINC	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
in	O
BALF	O
increased	O
on	O
day	O
4	O
p	O
.	O
i	O
.,	O
but	O
returned	O
to	O
control	O
levels	O
by	O
day	O
8	O
.	O

Mainland	O
China	O
had	O
three	O
outbreaks	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
between	O
November	O
2002	O
-	O
May	O
2004	O
and	O
suffered	B-DISO
the	O
greatest	O
impact	O
on	O
morbidity	O
and	O
mortality	O
worldwide	O
.	O

Researchers	O
expect	O
that	O
global	O
infections	B-DISO
,	O
like	O
SARS	B-DISO
,	O
will	O
persist	O
and	O
escalate	O
in	O
the	O
future	O
.	O

It	O
is	O
important	O
to	O
access	O
the	O
guidance	O
from	O
nurses	O
who	O
cared	O
for	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
in	O
China	O
and	O
to	O
uncover	O
instructive	O
messages	O
which	O
can	O
be	O
useful	O
when	O
facing	O
global	O
infections	B-DISO
in	O
the	O
future	O
.	O

Data	O
were	O
collected	O
in	O
2003	O
,	O
within	O
the	O
three	O
months	O
following	O
the	O
nurses	O
'	O
quarantine	O
necessitated	O
by	O
caring	O
for	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Chinese	O
nurses	O
faced	O
personal	O
challenge	O
,	O
focused	O
on	O
the	O
essence	B-CHED
of	O
care	O
and	O
experienced	O
self	O
-	O
growth	B-PROC
while	O
caring	O
for	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Spike	O
and	O
nucleocapsid	B-COMP
are	O
structural	O
proteins	B-CHED
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)-	O
associated	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
and	O
major	O
targets	O
for	O
cytotoxic	B-ANAT
T	I-ANAT
lymphocytes	I-ANAT
(	O
CTLs	O
).	O

In	O
contrast	O
,	O
non	O
-	O
structural	O
proteins	B-CHED
encoded	O
by	O
two	O
-	O
thirds	O
of	O
viral	B-COMP
genome	I-COMP
are	O
poorly	O
characterized	O
for	O
cell	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
mediated	I-PROC
immunity	I-PROC
.	O

Further	O
,	O
CTLs	O
induced	O
by	O
the	O
seven	O
liposomal	O
peptides	B-CHED
lysed	B-DISO
an	O
HLA	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
A	I-PRGE
*	I-PRGE
0201	I-PRGE
positive	O
cell	B-ANAT
line	I-ANAT
expressing	O
naturally	O
processed	O
,	O
pp1a	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
derived	I-PRGE
peptides	I-PRGE
.	O

We	O
previously	O
generated	O
human	B-SPEC
mAbs	O
specific	O
to	O
the	O
S1	O
region	O
of	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
S	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Epidemiology	O
and	O
clinical	O
presentations	O
of	O
human	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
NL63	I-SPEC
infections	B-DISO
in	O
hong	O
kong	O
children	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
the	O
epidemiology	O
and	O
clinical	O
course	O
of	O
this	O
newly	O
identified	O
virus	B-SPEC
have	O
not	O
been	O
fully	O
elucidated	O
.	O

In	O
the	O
12	O
-	O
month	O
retrospective	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
study	O
,	O
reverse	B-PROC
transcription	I-PROC
-	O
PCR	O
was	O
used	O
to	O
detect	O
HCoVs	O
in	O
nasopharyngeal	B-ANAT
aspirates	B-ANAT
(	O
NPAs	O
).	O

Positive	O
samples	O
were	O
sequenced	O
to	O
confirm	O
the	O
identity	O
of	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
and	O
to	O
determine	O
its	O
phylogenetic	O
relationship	O
with	O
the	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
NL63	I-SPEC
strains	O
found	O
elsewhere	O
.	O

From	O
2005	O
to	O
2007	O
,	O
the	O
peak	O
season	O
for	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
NL63	I-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
was	O
in	O
September	O
-	O
October	O
,	O
which	O
was	O
earlier	O
than	O
the	O
peak	O
for	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
OC43	I-SPEC
infections	B-DISO
(	O
December	O
-	O
January	O
).	O

HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
NL63	I-SPEC
-	O
infected	O
patients	O
were	O
younger	O
and	O
more	O
likely	O
to	O
have	O
croup	B-DISO
,	O
febrile	B-DISO
convulsions	I-DISO
,	O
and	O
acute	B-DISO
gastroenteritis	I-DISO
.	O

The	O
aims	O
of	O
the	O
current	O
study	O
were	O
to	O
estimate	O
the	O
prevalence	O
of	O
enteropathogens	O
in	O
calves	O
in	O
Norwegian	O
dairy	O
herds	O
,	O
evaluate	O
the	O
clinical	O
consequences	O
of	O
protozoal	O
infections	O
,	O
and	O
identify	O
risk	O
factors	O
for	O
diarrhea	B-DISO
.	O

Diarrheic	O
samples	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
191	O
)	O
were	O
assayed	O
for	O
rotavirus	B-PRGE
group	I-PRGE
A	I-PRGE
,	O
bovine	B-SPEC
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
BCoV	O
),	O
Cryptosporidium	B-SPEC
,	O
and	O
Escherichia	B-SPEC
coli	I-SPEC
F5	O
by	O
antigen	B-CHED
ELISA	O
.	O

Rotavirus	B-SPEC
and	O
Cryptosporidium	B-SPEC
were	O
the	O
most	O
commonly	O
detected	O
enteropathogens	O
in	O
diarrheic	O
samples	O
.	O

Seroprevalences	O
for	O
parainfluenza	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
3	O
,	O
BCoV	O
,	O
BRSV	B-SPEC
,	O
and	O
D	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
viviparus	I-SPEC
at	O
the	O
calf	B-ANAT
level	O
were	O
50	O
.	O
2	O
,	O
39	O
.	O
3	O
,	O
31	O
.	O
2	O
,	O
and	O
4	O
.	O
3	O
%,	O
respectively	O
.	O

ALI	O
-	O
P	O
and	O
ALI	O
-	O
EX	O
were	O
induced	O
by	O
injection	O
into	O
the	O
trachea	B-DISO
(	O
0	O
.	O
5	O
mg	O
/	O
kg	O
)	O
and	O
intraperitoneally	O
(	O
20	O
mg	O
/	O
kg	O
)	O
24	O
hours	O
prior	O
to	O
tissue	B-ANAT
collection	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
there	O
were	O
no	O
significant	O
differences	O
in	O
glycogen	O
content	O
in	O
the	O
diaphragm	B-ANAT
in	O
the	O
ALI	O
-	O
EX	O
and	O
ALI	O
-	O
P	O
groups	O
or	O
in	O
the	O
gastrocnemius	B-ANAT
,	O
heart	B-ANAT
and	O
kidney	B-ANAT
in	O
the	O
ALI	O
-	O
P	O
group	O
when	O
compared	O
to	O
the	O
respective	O
controls	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Of	O
1	O
,	O
473	O
patients	O
,	O
50	O
%	O
survived	O
to	O
discharge	B-ANAT
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Orf	O
9b	O
was	O
amplified	O
by	O
PCR	O
from	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
genome	O
and	O
cloned	O
into	O
the	O
Nco	B-PRGE
I	I-PRGE
and	I-PRGE
Bam	I-PRGE
HI	I-PRGE
sites	I-PRGE
of	O
the	O
pET32c	O
expression	B-PROC
vector	O
,	O
and	O
then	O
recombinant	O
plasmid	O
pET32c	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
Orf	I-PRGE
9b	I-PRGE
was	O
constructed	O
.	O

After	O
being	O
cleaved	B-ANAT
by	O
rEK	O
,	O
Orf	B-PRGE
9b	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
with	O
MW	O
11	O
kD	O
was	O
separated	O
and	O
collected	O
.	O

A	O
plan	B-DISO
was	O
designed	O
to	O
increase	O
the	O
hospital	O
'	O
s	O
surge	O
capacity	O
,	O
reallocate	O
resources	O
and	O
guarantee	O
bio	O
-	O
safety	O
.	O

oseltamivir	B-CHED
,	O
ampicillin	B-CHED
-	O
sulbactam	B-CHED
,	O
and	O
clarithromycin	B-CHED
.	O

Oseltamivir	B-CHED
and	O
antibiotics	B-CHED
were	O
administered	O
.	O

Data	O
selection	O
Studies	O
of	O
any	O
intervention	O
to	O
prevent	O
the	O
transmission	O
of	O
respiratory	O
viruses	B-SPEC
(	O
isolation	O
,	O
quarantine	O
,	O
social	O
distancing	O
,	O
barriers	O
,	O
personal	O
protection	O
,	O
and	O
hygiene	O
).	O

The	O
highest	O
quality	O
cluster	O
randomised	O
trials	O
suggested	O
that	O
spread	O
of	O
respiratory	O
viruses	B-SPEC
can	O
be	O
prevented	O
by	O
hygienic	O
measures	O
in	O
younger	O
children	O
and	O
within	O
households	O
.	O

Evidence	O
that	O
the	O
more	O
uncomfortable	O
and	O
expensive	O
N95	O
masks	O
were	O
superior	O
to	O
simple	O
surgical	O
masks	O
was	O
limited	O
,	O
but	O
they	O
caused	O
skin	B-DISO
irritation	I-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Acute	B-DISO
coronary	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
triggered	O
by	O
honeybee	B-SPEC
sting	O
:	O
a	O
case	O
report	O
.	O

Electrocardiographic	O
and	O
biochemical	O
markers	O
were	O
consistent	O
with	O
an	O
acute	B-DISO
coronary	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

The	O
enhanced	O
protection	O
appears	O
to	O
be	O
dependent	O
upon	O
the	O
prior	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
inducible	O
bronchus	B-ANAT
-	I-ANAT
associated	I-ANAT
lymphoid	I-ANAT
tissue	I-ANAT
(	O
iBALT	O
)	O
in	O
the	O
lung	B-ANAT
in	O
response	O
to	O
the	O
PCN	B-CHED
treatment	O
and	O
to	O
be	O
mediated	O
through	O
CD4	B-PRGE
+	I-PRGE
T	B-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
and	O
B	B-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
dependent	O
mechanisms	O
.	O

This	O
microarray	O
-	O
based	O
method	O
used	O
the	O
highly	O
conserved	O
consensus	O
primers	O
to	O
synthesize	O
specifically	O
the	O
virus	O
cDNA	O
and	O
could	O
identify	O
effectively	O
Chikungunya	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
,	O
Japanese	B-SPEC
encephalitis	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
,	O
Yellow	B-SPEC
fever	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
,	O
Dengue	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
,	O
Tick	B-DISO
borne	I-DISO
encephalitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
,	O
and	O
H5N1	B-DISO
avian	B-SPEC
influenza	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Previous	O
studies	O
have	O
shown	O
that	O
proinflammatory	O
cytokines	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
tumor	O
necrosis	O
factor	O
alpha	O
(	O
TNF	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
alpha	I-PRGE
)	O
and	O
interleukin	B-PRGE
6	I-PRGE
(	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
6	I-FUNC
),	O
are	O
differentially	O
induced	O
in	O
primary	O
mouse	B-SPEC
astrocytes	B-ANAT
by	O
mouse	B-DISO
hepatitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
strain	O
A59	O
(	O
MHV	B-SPEC
-	O
A59	O
)	O
and	O
MHV	B-SPEC
-	O
2	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
the	O
signaling	B-PROC
events	O
that	O
trigger	O
TNF	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
alpha	I-PRGE
and	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
6	I-FUNC
induction	O
in	O
these	O
cells	B-COMP
upon	O
MHV	B-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
remain	O
unknown	O
.	O

These	O
results	O
illustrate	O
the	O
complexity	O
of	O
the	O
regulatory	O
mechanism	O
by	O
which	O
MHV	B-SPEC
induces	O
proinflammatory	O
cytokines	O
in	O
primary	O
astrocytes	B-ANAT
.	O

The	O
results	O
showed	O
that	O
the	O
level	O
of	O
phosphorylated	O
PKR	O
was	O
greatly	O
reduced	O
in	O
IBV	B-SPEC
-	O
infected	O
cells	B-COMP
.	O

In	O
this	O
study	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
a	O
real	O
-	O
time	O
TaqMan	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
targeting	B-PROC
the	O
highly	O
conserved	O
nucleocapsid	B-COMP
(	O
N	O
)	O
gene	O
of	O
IBV	B-SPEC
and	O
including	O
an	O
internal	O
PCR	O
control	O
is	O
described	O
.	O

When	O
tracheal	O
and	O
cloacal	B-ANAT
swabs	O
from	O
clinical	O
specimens	O
were	O
tested	O
directly	O
,	O
50	O
%	O
more	O
samples	O
were	O
positive	O
by	O
real	O
-	O
time	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
than	O
by	O
the	O
S1	B-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Bid	O
cleavage	B-PROC
,	O
cytochrome	B-PRGE
c	I-PRGE
release	B-PATH
and	O
caspase	B-PROC
activation	I-PROC
in	O
canine	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
-	O
induced	O
apoptosis	B-PROC
.	O

In	O
addition	O
,	O
we	O
demonstrated	O
that	O
the	O
inhibition	O
of	O
apoptosis	B-PATH
by	O
caspase	B-PRGE
inhibitors	B-CHED
did	O
not	O
affect	O
CCoV	O
replication	O
,	O
suggesting	O
that	O
apoptosis	B-PATH
does	O
not	O
play	O
a	O
role	O
in	O
facilitating	O
viral	B-PROC
release	I-PROC
.	O

We	O
show	O
here	O
that	O
the	O
N	O
-	O
terminal	O
domain	O
(	O
NTD	O
)	O
of	O
N	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
from	O
mouse	B-DISO
hepatitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
MHV	B-SPEC
),	O
a	O
virus	B-SPEC
most	O
closely	O
related	O
to	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
,	O
employs	O
aromatic	B-CHED
amino	I-CHED
acid	I-CHED
-	O
nucleobase	B-CHED
stacking	O
interactions	O
with	O
a	O
triple	O
adenosine	B-CHED
motif	O
to	O
mediate	O
high	O
-	O
affinity	O
binding	B-FUNC
to	O
single	O
-	O
stranded	O
RNAs	O
containing	O
the	O
transcriptional	B-PROC
regulatory	O
sequence	O
(	O
TRS	B-DISO
)	O
or	O
its	O
complement	O
(	O
cTRS	O
).	O

Viruses	B-SPEC
harboring	O
Y127A	O
N	O
mutation	O
are	O
strongly	O
selected	O
against	O
and	O
Y127A	O
N	O
does	O
not	O
support	O
an	O
accessory	O
function	O
in	O
MHV	B-SPEC
replication	O
.	O

High	O
-	O
dose	O
pulse	B-PROC
therapy	O
with	O
methylprednisolone	B-CHED
induced	O
a	O
marked	O
improvement	O
in	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
conditions	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Protection	O
of	O
chickens	B-SPEC
against	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
by	O
a	O
recombinant	O
fowlpox	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
co	O
-	O
expressing	O
IBV	O
-	O
S1	O
and	O
chicken	B-SPEC
IFNgamma	O
.	O

Compared	O
to	O
those	O
of	O
the	O
rFPV	O
-	O
IBVS1	O
and	O
the	O
attenuated	O
live	O
IB	O
vaccine	O
groups	O
,	O
chickens	O
in	O
the	O
rFPV	O
-	O
IBVS1	O
-	O
ChIFNgamma	O
group	O
eliminated	O
virus	B-SPEC
more	O
quickly	O
and	O
decreased	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
viral	O
antigen	B-CHED
more	O
significantly	O
in	O
renal	B-ANAT
tissue	I-ANAT
.	O

Examination	O
of	O
affected	O
tissues	B-ANAT
revealed	O
abnormalities	O
in	O
the	O
liver	B-ANAT
,	O
spleen	B-ANAT
,	O
kidney	B-ANAT
,	O
lung	B-ANAT
and	O
trachea	B-DISO
of	O
chickens	B-SPEC
vaccinated	O
with	O
the	O
attenuated	O
live	O
IB	O
vaccine	O
and	O
the	O
rFPV	O
-	O
IBVS1	O
vaccine	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
De	O
novo	O
recruitment	B-DISO
of	O
antigen	B-CHED
-	O
experienced	O
and	O
naive	O
T	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
contributes	O
to	O
the	O
long	O
-	O
term	O
maintenance	O
of	O
antiviral	O
T	B-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
populations	O
in	O
the	O
persistently	O
infected	O
central	B-ANAT
nervous	I-ANAT
system	I-ANAT
.	O

Both	O
virus	B-SPEC
-	O
specific	O
CD4	B-PRGE
and	O
CD8	B-PRGE
T	I-PRGE
cells	O
are	O
functional	O
,	O
as	O
assessed	O
by	O
cytokine	O
expression	B-PROC
and	O
degranulation	O
after	O
peptide	B-CHED
exposure	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Genetics	O
and	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
of	O
feline	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
peritonitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
.	O

Uncertainty	O
remains	O
regarding	O
whether	O
genetically	O
distinctive	O
avirulent	O
and	O
virulent	O
forms	O
coexist	O
or	O
whether	O
an	O
avirulent	O
form	O
mutates	O
in	O
vivo	O
,	O
causing	O
FIP	B-DISO
.	O

In	O
addition	O
,	O
5	O
membrane	O
protein	B-CHED
amino	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
residues	O
with	O
functional	O
potential	O
differentiated	B-PROC
healthy	O
cats	B-SPEC
from	O
cats	B-SPEC
with	O
FIP	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
ATE	B-DISO
medium	O
,	O
which	O
contains	O
chicken	B-SPEC
embryo	B-ANAT
extract	O
and	O
fetal	B-ANAT
bovine	B-SPEC
serum	B-COMP
,	O
supports	O
the	O
growth	B-PROC
of	O
ciliated	O
cells	B-ANAT
,	I-ANAT
goblet	I-ANAT
cells	B-COMP
and	O
basal	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
from	O
chicken	B-SPEC
tracheas	B-ANAT
on	O
fibronectin	B-PRGE
-	O
or	O
matrigel	O
-	O
coated	O
dishes	O
.	O

We	O
further	O
show	O
that	O
ATE	B-DISO
cells	B-COMP
support	O
the	O
replication	O
and	O
spread	O
of	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
IBV	B-SPEC
).	O

Interestingly	O
,	O
immunocytostaining	O
revealed	O
that	O
basal	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
are	O
resistant	O
to	O
IBV	B-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
.	O

Every	O
country	O
with	O
an	O
intensive	O
poultry	O
industry	O
has	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
IBV	B-SPEC
).	O

Sentinel	O
bird	B-SPEC
studies	O
were	O
carried	O
out	O
in	O
southern	O
Ontario	O
and	O
IBV	B-SPEC
has	O
been	O
isolated	O
from	O
layer	B-ANAT
flocks	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Airway	B-ANAT
pressure	O
-	O
release	B-PATH
ventilation	O
(	O
APRV	O
)	O
is	O
a	O
novel	O
mode	O
of	O
positive	O
-	O
pressure	O
ventilation	O
that	O
has	O
several	O
advantages	O
over	O
low	O
-	O
tidal	O
-	O
volume	O
,	O
assist	O
-	O
control	O
ventilation	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
,	O
specifically	O
,	O
lower	O
airway	B-ANAT
pressures	O
,	O
lower	O
minute	O
ventilation	O
,	O
minimal	O
effects	O
on	O
cardio	O
-	O
circulatory	B-PROC
function	O
,	O
ability	O
to	O
spontaneously	O
breathe	O
throughout	O
the	O
entire	O
ventilatory	O
cycle	O
,	O
and	O
decreased	O
sedation	B-DISO
requirements	O
.	O

We	O
present	O
2	O
cases	O
of	O
pregnant	O
women	O
with	O
severe	O
life	O
-	O
threatening	O
ARDS	B-DISO
who	O
were	O
successfully	O
managed	O
with	O
APRV	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Design	O
and	O
efficient	O
synthesis	B-PROC
of	O
novel	O
arylthiourea	O
derivatives	O
as	O
potent	O
hepatitis	B-SPEC
C	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
inhibitors	O
.	O

The	O
role	O
of	O
RNase	B-PRGE
L	I-PRGE
in	O
viral	O
encephalomyelitis	B-DISO
was	O
explored	O
based	O
on	O
its	O
functions	O
in	O
inhibiting	O
translation	B-PROC
,	O
inducing	O
apoptosis	B-PATH
,	O
and	O
propagating	O
the	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
alpha	I-PRGE
/	I-PRGE
beta	I-PRGE
pathway	B-PROC
through	O
RNA	B-PATH
degradation	I-PATH
intermediates	O
.	O

Infection	B-DISO
of	O
RNase	B-PRGE
L	I-PRGE
deficient	O
(	O
RL	O
(-/-))	O
mice	B-SPEC
with	O
a	O
sub	O
-	O
lethal	O
,	O
demyelinating	O
mouse	B-DISO
hepatitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
variant	O
revealed	O
that	O
the	O
majority	O
of	O
mice	B-SPEC
succumbed	O
to	O
infection	B-DISO
by	O
day	O
12	O
p	O
.	O
i	O
.	O

The	O
unique	O
phenotype	O
of	O
infected	O
RL	O
(-/-)	O
mice	B-SPEC
was	O
rather	O
manifested	O
in	O
earlier	O
onset	O
and	O
increased	O
severity	O
of	O
demyelination	B-DISO
and	O
axonal	O
damage	O
in	O
brain	B-ANAT
stem	I-ANAT
and	O
spinal	B-ANAT
cord	I-ANAT
without	O
evidence	O
for	O
enhanced	O
neuronal	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

A	O
/	O
H5N1	B-DISO
nucleic	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
was	O
detected	O
by	O
real	O
-	O
time	O
polymerase	O
chain	O
reaction	O
and	O
reverse	O
-	O
transcription	B-PROC
polymerase	O
chain	O
reaction	O
in	O
a	O
nasopharyngeal	B-ANAT
aspirate	I-ANAT
.	O

The	O
prominent	O
clinical	O
features	O
included	O
fever	B-PROC
,	O
cough	B-DISO
and	O
dyspnea	B-DISO
.	O

Extensive	O
multiple	O
lobular	O
infiltrates	B-DISO
developed	O
quickly	O
,	O
followed	O
by	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
and	O
multi	O
-	O
organ	B-ANAT
dysfunction	O
.	O

The	O
data	O
of	O
a	O
patient	O
with	O
A	O
/	O
H5N1	B-DISO
infection	B-DISO
complicated	O
with	O
bronchopleural	B-DISO
fistula	I-DISO
was	O
collected	O
and	O
analyzed	O
.	O

The	O
origins	O
of	O
SCoV	O
have	O
been	O
mysterious	O
and	O
controversial	O
,	O
until	O
the	O
recent	O
discovery	O
of	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
like	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
(	O
SLCoV	O
)	O
in	O
bats	B-SPEC
and	O
the	O
proposal	O
of	O
bats	B-SPEC
as	O
the	O
natural	O
reservior	O
of	O
the	O
Coronaviridae	B-SPEC
family	B-SPEC
.	O

Finally	O
,	O
we	O
also	O
discussed	O
how	O
the	O
discoveries	O
of	O
SCoV	O
and	O
SLCoV	O
expanded	O
our	O
knowledge	O
on	O
the	O
evolution	O
of	O
the	O
Coronaviridae	B-SPEC
family	B-SPEC
as	O
well	O
as	O
its	O
implications	O
on	O
the	O
possible	O
future	O
re	O
-	O
emergence	O
of	O
SCoV	O
.	O

We	O
have	O
previously	O
shown	O
that	O
nitric	B-CHED
oxide	I-CHED
inhibits	O
the	O
replication	O
cycle	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
in	O
vitro	O
by	O
an	O
unknown	O
mechanism	O
.	O

Secondly	O
,	O
NO	O
or	O
its	O
derivatives	O
cause	O
a	O
reduction	O
in	O
viral	O
RNA	O
production	O
in	O
the	O
early	O
steps	O
of	O
viral	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
,	O
and	O
this	O
could	O
possibly	O
be	O
due	O
to	O
an	O
effect	O
on	O
one	O
or	O
both	O
of	O
the	O
cysteine	B-PRGE
proteases	I-PRGE
encoded	O
in	O
Orf1a	O
of	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
.	O

Chest	B-ANAT
radiographs	O
seem	O
warranted	O
when	O
one	O
or	O
more	O
of	O
the	O
following	O
are	O
present	O
:	O
age	O
>	O
or	O
=	O
40	O
;	O
dementia	B-DISO
;	O
a	O
positive	O
physical	O
examination	O
;	O
hemoptysis	B-DISO
;	O
associated	O
abnormalities	O
(	O
leukocytosis	B-DISO
,	O
hypoxemia	O
);	O
or	O
other	O
risk	O
factors	O
,	O
including	O
coronary	B-DISO
artery	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
,	O
congestive	B-DISO
heart	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
,	O
or	O
drug	O
-	O
induced	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
.	O

Palmitate	B-CHED
adducts	O
are	O
generally	O
required	O
for	O
protein	B-CHED
-	O
mediated	O
fusions	O
,	O
but	O
their	O
precise	O
roles	O
in	O
the	O
process	O
are	O
unclear	O
.	O

Substituting	O
alanines	O
for	O
the	O
cysteines	O
that	O
are	O
subject	O
to	O
palmitoylation	B-PROC
had	O
effects	O
on	O
both	O
S	O
incorporation	O
into	O
virions	B-COMP
and	O
S	O
-	O
mediated	O
membrane	B-PROC
fusions	I-PROC
.	O

Fever	B-PROC
,	O
headache	B-DISO
and	O
myalgia	B-DISO
after	O
exposure	O
to	O
a	O
rodent	B-SPEC
-	O
contaminated	O
environment	O
raised	O
clinical	O
suspicion	O
.	O

Non	O
-	O
cardiac	B-ANAT
pulmonary	B-DISO
edema	I-DISO
,	O
hydrothorax	B-DISO
,	O
neutrophilia	O
with	O
band	B-ANAT
forms	O
26	O
%,	O
high	O
hematocrit	O
,	O
thrombocytopenia	O
,	O
and	O
elevated	O
liver	B-ANAT
enzymes	O
were	O
observed	O
.	O

Hantavirus	O
IgM	B-COMP
antibody	B-PROC
-	O
capture	O
ELISA	O
was	O
positive	O
,	O
while	O
tests	O
for	O
dengue	B-DISO
,	O
leptospirosis	B-DISO
and	O
yellow	B-DISO
fever	I-DISO
were	O
negative	O
.	O

The	O
prognosis	O
for	O
HPS	B-DISO
is	O
ominous	O
and	O
misdiagnoses	O
may	O
increase	O
mortality	O
.	O

Serum	B-COMP
samples	O
from	O
251	O
dogs	B-SPEC
of	O
varying	O
age	O
,	O
breed	B-PROC
and	O
clinical	O
histories	O
were	O
tested	O
for	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
antibodies	B-COMP
to	O
CRCoV	O
and	O
CIV	B-SPEC
,	O
using	O
indirect	O
fluorescent	O
antibody	B-COMP
(	O
IFA	O
)	O
analysis	O
.	O

Seventy	O
-	O
three	O
of	O
the	O
251	O
samples	O
(	O
29	O
%)	O
were	O
seropositive	O
for	O
CRCoV	O
.	O
Dogs	B-SPEC
<	O
2	O
years	O
old	O
were	O
less	O
likely	O
to	O
be	O
seropositive	O
for	O
CRCoV	O
than	O
older	O
dogs	B-SPEC
.	O

Although	O
infection	B-DISO
with	O
A	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
lumbricoides	I-SPEC
is	O
rare	O
in	O
the	O
United	O
States	O
,	O
it	O
may	O
become	O
manifest	O
with	O
severe	O
consequences	O
in	O
the	O
postoperative	O
period	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Controlling	O
infectious	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
outbreaks	O
:	O
Lessons	O
from	O
mathematical	O
modelling	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Automatic	O
control	O
and	O
safety	O
concepts	O
for	O
extracorporeal	O
lung	B-ANAT
support	O
].	O

To	O
increase	O
safety	O
and	O
reliability	O
of	O
devices	O
,	O
the	O
oxygenator	O
design	O
was	O
optimized	O
integrating	O
new	O
plasma	B-ANAT
-	O
resistant	O
composite	O
membranes	B-ANAT
and	O
new	O
blood	B-ANAT
pumps	O
are	O
used	O
with	O
longer	O
durability	O
and	O
reduced	O
blood	B-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
damage	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
We	O
have	O
shown	O
that	O
mice	O
infected	O
with	O
mouse	B-DISO
hepatitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
A59	O
(	O
MHV	B-SPEC
-	O
A59	O
)	O
develop	O
autoantibodies	O
(	O
autoAb	O
)	O
to	O
liver	B-ANAT
and	O
kidney	B-ANAT
fumarylacetoacetate	B-PRGE
hydrolase	I-PRGE
(	O
FAH	B-PRGE
).	O

Data	O
indicated	O
that	O
neither	O
the	O
FAH	B-PRGE
minimal	I-PRGE
epitopes	I-PRGE
nor	O
the	O
key	O
residues	O
important	O
for	O
binding	B-FUNC
to	O
Ab	O
from	O
MHV	B-SPEC
-	O
infected	O
mice	B-SPEC
have	O
their	O
counterparts	O
in	O
the	O
viral	O
proteins	B-CHED
.	O

Reverse	O
genetics	O
analyses	O
demonstrated	O
a	O
major	O
role	O
for	O
the	O
viral	O
hemagglutinin	O
in	O
this	O
cell	B-COMP
tropism	B-PROC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Genetic	O
analysis	O
of	O
canine	O
group	O
2	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
in	O
Korean	O
dogs	B-SPEC
.	O

The	O
small	O
open	O
reading	O
frames	O
situated	O
between	O
the	O
spike	O
and	O
envelope	B-COMP
genes	O
of	O
the	O
three	O
Korean	O
CRCoV	O
isolates	O
were	O
found	O
to	O
encode	O
three	O
nonstructural	O
proteins	B-CHED
(	O
4	O
.	O
9	O
kDa	O
,	O
2	O
.	O
7	O
kDa	O
,	O
and	O
12	O
.	O
8	O
kDa	O
in	O
size	O
),	O
as	O
were	O
the	O
British	O
(	O
CRCoV	O
G9142	O
)	O
and	O
Italian	O
(	O
CRCoV	O
240	O
-	O
05	O
)	O
strains	O
.	O

The	O
dynamic	O
properties	O
of	O
the	O
different	O
states	O
,	O
which	O
are	O
stabilized	O
under	O
different	O
experimental	O
conditions	O
,	O
extend	O
the	O
current	O
model	O
of	O
viral	B-COMP
membrane	I-COMP
fusion	O
and	O
give	O
insight	O
into	O
the	O
design	O
of	O
structure	O
-	O
based	O
antagonists	B-CHED
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
in	O
particular	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
other	O
enveloped	O
viruses	B-SPEC
such	O
as	O
HIV	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Hemocompatibility	O
of	O
a	O
miniaturized	O
extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenation	B-PROC
and	O
a	O
pumpless	O
interventional	O
lung	O
assist	O
in	O
experimental	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
.	O

An	O
interventional	O
lung	B-ANAT
assist	O
using	O
arteriovenous	O
perfusion	O
of	O
a	O
low	O
-	O
resistance	B-PROC
oxygenator	O
without	O
a	O
blood	B-ANAT
pump	O
(	O
Novalung	O
,	O
Hechingen	O
,	O
Germany	O
)	O
or	O
a	O
miniaturized	O
ECMO	O
with	O
reduced	O
filling	O
volume	O
and	O
a	O
diagonal	O
blood	B-ANAT
pump	O
(	O
Deltastream	O
,	O
Medos	O
AG	O
,	O
Stolberg	O
,	O
Germany	O
)	O
could	O
optimize	O
hemocompatibility	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
investigate	O
the	O
prevalence	O
of	O
14	O
viruses	O
in	O
infants	O
with	O
bronchiolitis	B-DISO
and	O
to	O
study	O
demographic	O
and	O
clinical	O
differences	O
in	O
those	O
with	O
respiratory	B-SPEC
syncytial	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
RSV	B-SPEC
),	O
human	B-SPEC
bocavirus	I-SPEC
(	O
hBoV	O
)	O
and	O
rhinovirus	B-SPEC
(	O
RV	O
)	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
most	O
frequently	O
detected	O
viruses	B-SPEC
were	O
RSV	B-SPEC
(	O
41	O
.	O
2	O
%),	O
hBoV	O
(	O
12	O
.	O
2	O
%)	O
and	O
RV	O
(	O
8	O
.	O
8	O
%).	O

Although	O
the	O
major	O
pathogen	O
responsible	O
for	O
bronchiolitis	B-DISO
remains	O
RSV	B-SPEC
,	O
the	O
infection	B-DISO
can	O
also	O
be	O
caused	O
by	O
RV	O
and	O
hBoV	O
.	O
Demographic	O
characteristics	O
and	O
clinical	O
severity	O
of	O
the	O
disease	O
may	O
depend	O
on	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
viruses	B-SPEC
or	O
on	O
the	O
specific	O
virus	B-SPEC
detected	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
A	O
virus	B-SPEC
was	O
detected	O
in	O
57	O
.	O
2	O
%	O
of	O
the	O
182	O
infants	O
.	O

Observational	O
study	O
of	O
58	O
critically	B-DISO
ill	I-DISO
patients	O
with	O
2009	O
influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
(	O
H1N1	O
)	O
at	O
6	O
hospitals	O
between	O
March	O
24	O
and	O
June	O
1	O
,	O
2009	O
.	O

Critical	O
illness	O
occurred	O
in	O
58	O
of	O
899	O
patients	O
(	O
6	O
.	O
5	O
%)	O
admitted	O
to	O
the	O
hospital	O
with	O
confirmed	O
,	O
probable	O
,	O
or	O
suspected	O
2009	O
influenza	B-DISO
(	O
A	O
)	O
H1N1	O
.	O

After	O
adjusting	O
for	O
a	O
reduced	O
opportunity	O
of	O
patients	O
dying	B-PROC
early	O
to	O
receive	O
neuraminidase	B-PROC
inhibitors	I-PROC
,	O
neuraminidase	B-CHED
inhibitor	I-CHED
treatment	O
(	O
vs	O
no	O
treatment	O
)	O
was	O
associated	O
with	O
improved	O
survival	O
(	O
odds	O
ratio	O
,	O
8	O
.	O
5	O
;	O
95	O
%	O
confidence	O
interval	O
,	O
1	O
.	O
2	O
-	O
62	O
.	O
8	O
).	O

The	O
median	O
time	O
from	O
symptom	B-DISO
onset	O
to	O
hospital	O
admission	O
was	O
4	O
days	O
(	O
interquartile	O
range	O
[	O
IQR	O
],	O
2	O
-	O
7	O
days	O
)	O
and	O
from	O
hospitalization	O
to	O
ICU	O
admission	O
was	O
1	O
day	O
(	O
IQR	O
,	O
0	O
-	O
2	O
days	O
).	O

Neuraminidase	B-PROC
inhibitors	I-PROC
were	O
administered	O
to	O
152	O
patients	O
(	O
90	O
.	O
5	O
%).	O

It	O
caused	O
an	O
epidemic	O
of	O
critical	B-DISO
illness	I-DISO
and	O
some	O
patients	O
developed	O
severe	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
and	O
were	O
treated	O
with	O
extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenation	B-PROC
(	O
ECMO	O
).	O

Incidence	O
,	O
clinical	O
features	O
,	O
degree	O
of	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
dysfunction	O
,	O
technical	O
characteristics	O
,	O
duration	O
of	O
ECMO	O
,	O
complications	O
,	O
and	O
survival	O
.	O

Sixty	O
-	O
eight	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
influenza	B-DISO
-	O
associated	O
ARDS	B-DISO
were	O
treated	O
with	O
ECMO	O
,	O
of	O
whom	O
61	O
had	O
either	O
confirmed	O
2009	O
influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
(	O
H1N1	O
)	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
53	O
)	O
or	O
influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
not	O
subtyped	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
8	O
),	O
representing	O
an	O
incidence	O
rate	O
of	O
2	O
.	O
6	O
ECMO	O
cases	O
per	O
million	O
population	O
.	O

By	O
using	O
""""	O
rest	B-FUNC
""""	O
ventilator	O
settings	O
and	O
venovenous	O
ECLS	O
,	O
the	O
patient	O
remained	O
stable	O
for	O
a	O
total	O
of	O
6	O
.	O
5	O
days	O
(	O
160	O
hours	O
)	O
when	O
he	O
was	O
successfully	O
transitioned	O
to	O
a	O
conventional	O
ventilator	O
and	O
decannulated	O
.	O

ECLS	O
should	O
be	O
considered	O
early	O
as	O
a	O
viable	O
supportive	O
modality	O
after	O
inhalational	O
injury	O
in	O
patients	O
failing	O
advanced	O
ARDS	B-DISO
management	O
strategies	O
.	O

A	O
history	O
of	O
breastfeeding	B-PROC
was	O
associated	O
with	O
a	O
reduction	O
in	O
the	O
risk	O
of	O
acute	B-DISO
otitis	I-DISO
media	I-DISO
,	O
nonspecific	O
gastroenteritis	B-DISO
,	O
severe	O
lower	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
tract	I-DISO
infections	I-DISO
,	O
atopic	B-DISO
dermatitis	I-DISO
,	O
asthma	B-PATH
(	O
young	O
children	O
),	O
obesity	B-DISO
,	O
type	O
1	O
and	O
2	O
diabetes	B-DISO
,	O
childhood	B-DISO
leukemia	I-DISO
,	O
and	O
sudden	B-DISO
infant	I-DISO
death	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

Complete	O
physical	O
and	O
ophthalmic	B-CHED
examinations	O
were	O
performed	O
for	O
each	O
dog	B-SPEC
.	O

A	O
search	O
of	O
the	O
protein	B-CHED
structure	O
database	O
indicates	O
that	O
the	O
globular	O
domain	O
of	O
the	O
NAB	O
represents	O
a	O
new	O
fold	O
,	O
with	O
a	O
parallel	O
four	O
-	O
strand	O
beta	O
-	O
sheet	O
holding	O
two	O
alpha	O
-	O
helices	O
of	O
three	O
and	O
four	O
turns	O
that	O
are	O
oriented	O
antiparallel	O
to	O
the	O
beta	O
-	O
strands	O
.	O

Testing	O
by	O
direct	O
fluorescent	O
antigen	B-CHED
detection	O
(	O
DFA	B-CHED
)	O
and	O
various	O
in	O
-	O
house	O
nucleic	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
amplification	B-DISO
tests	O
(	O
NATs	O
)	O
for	O
common	O
respiratory	O
viruses	B-SPEC
provided	O
an	O
etiological	O
diagnosis	O
in	O
177	O
outbreaks	O
(	O
72	O
.	O
5	O
%),	O
with	O
524	O
samples	O
testing	O
positive	O
(	O
47	O
.	O
3	O
%)	O
for	O
a	O
respiratory	O
virus	B-SPEC
.	O

The	O
prevalence	O
of	O
neuroleptic	B-DISO
malignant	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
is	O
between	O
0	O
.	O
02	O
%	O
and	O
2	O
.	O
44	O
%	O
for	O
patients	O
taking	O
neuroleptics	B-CHED
and	O
it	O
is	O
not	O
necessary	O
to	O
fulfil	O
all	O
cardinal	B-SPEC
features	O
characterizing	O
the	O
syndrome	B-DISO
to	O
be	O
diagnosed	O
with	O
neuroleptic	B-DISO
malignant	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

A	O
22	O
-	O
year	O
-	O
old	O
Caucasian	O
man	B-CHED
was	O
admitted	O
unconscious	O
with	O
a	O
body	B-ANAT
temperature	O
of	O
42	O
degrees	O
C	O
,	O
elevated	O
serum	B-PRGE
creatine	B-CHED
phosphokinase	I-PRGE
,	O
tachycardia	O
and	O
hypotonic	B-DISO
blood	B-PROC
pressure	I-PROC
.	O

In	O
our	O
case	O
the	O
only	O
residual	O
impairment	B-DISO
for	O
the	O
patient	O
is	O
dysarthria	B-DISO
with	O
corresponding	O
symmetric	O
cerebellar	B-ANAT
pyramidal	B-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
destruction	O
demonstrated	O
by	O
increased	O
signal	O
intensity	O
in	O
T2	O
-	O
weighted	O
magnetic	O
resonance	O
imaging	O
,	O
most	O
likely	O
caused	O
by	O
the	O
excessive	O
hyperthermia	B-PROC
.	O

One	O
month	O
after	O
the	O
last	O
dose	O
of	O
rrituximab	O
,	O
she	O
presented	O
with	O
recurrence	O
of	O
severe	O
hemolysis	B-DISO
and	O
received	O
two	O
more	O
doses	O
of	O
rrituximab	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
A	O
case	O
of	O
benign	O
acute	O
childhood	O
myositis	B-DISO
associated	O
with	O
influenza	B-DISO
A	I-DISO
(	I-DISO
H1N1	I-DISO
)	I-DISO
virus	B-PROC
infection	I-PROC
.	O

It	O
is	O
characterized	O
by	O
acute	O
-	O
onset	O
difficulty	O
in	O
walking	O
as	O
a	O
result	O
of	O
severe	O
bilateral	O
calf	B-DISO
pain	I-DISO
and	O
by	O
elevated	O
muscle	B-ANAT
enzymes	O
including	O
creatinine	B-PRGE
kinase	I-PRGE
.	O

A	O
total	O
of	O
187	O
clinical	O
tissues	B-ANAT
samples	O
(	O
88	O
blood	B-ANAT
,	O
62	O
kidney	B-ANAT
and	O
37	O
lung	B-ANAT
)	O
were	O
evaluated	O
and	O
compared	O
to	O
conventional	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
A	O
two	O
-	O
pronged	O
strategy	O
to	O
suppress	B-PRGE
host	I-PRGE
protein	B-PROC
synthesis	I-PROC
by	O
SARS	B-PRGE
coronavirus	B-SPEC
Nsp1	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Severe	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
nsp1	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
suppresses	O
host	B-COMP
gene	B-PROC
expression	I-PROC
,	O
including	O
type	B-PROC
I	I-PROC
interferon	I-PROC
production	I-PROC
,	O
by	O
promoting	O
host	B-COMP
mRNA	B-PROC
degradation	I-PROC
and	O
inhibiting	O
host	B-COMP
translation	B-PROC
,	O
in	O
infected	O
cells	B-COMP
.	O

We	O
present	O
evidence	O
that	O
nsp1	B-PRGE
uses	O
a	O
novel	O
,	O
two	O
-	O
pronged	O
strategy	O
to	O
inhibit	O
host	B-COMP
translation	B-PROC
and	O
gene	B-PROC
expression	I-PROC
.	O

We	O
speculate	O
that	O
the	O
mRNAs	O
that	O
underwent	O
the	O
nsp1	O
-	O
mediated	O
modification	O
are	O
marked	O
for	O
rapid	O
turnover	O
by	O
the	O
host	B-COMP
RNA	B-PATH
degradation	I-PATH
machinery	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
For	O
therapy	O
of	O
blunt	O
thoracic	B-DISO
trauma	O
in	O
multiple	O
injured	O
patients	O
,	O
some	O
studies	O
have	O
recommended	O
prophylactic	O
ventilation	O
with	O
kinetic	O
therapy	O
for	O
3	O
-	O
5	O
days	O
.	O

The	O
mean	O
time	O
of	O
ventilation	O
was	O
98	O
.	O
4	O
h	O
and	O
in	O
patients	O
without	O
head	B-ANAT
injury	O
71	O
.	O
3	O
h	O
.	O
Out	O
of	O
22	O
patients	O
4	O
had	O
to	O
be	O
reintubated	O
which	O
had	O
to	O
be	O
repeated	O
for	O
2	O
patients	O
.	O

Our	O
findings	O
indicate	O
that	O
even	O
with	O
early	O
and	O
aggressive	O
weaning	B-PROC
from	O
a	O
respirator	O
with	O
extensive	O
lung	B-ANAT
contusions	O
an	O
adequate	O
therapy	O
of	O
thorax	B-ANAT
trauma	O
is	O
possible	O
without	O
having	O
a	O
higher	O
incidence	O
of	O
complications	O
.	O

Transmission	O
electron	O
microscopic	O
(	O
TEM	B-COMP
)	O
studies	O
of	O
NL63	O
infected	O
LLCMK2	O
cells	B-COMP
revealed	O
that	O
virions	B-COMP
are	O
spherical	O
,	O
spiked	O
,	O
and	O
range	O
from	O
75	O
to	O
115	O
nm	O
in	O
diameter	O
.	O

Murine	B-DISO
hepatitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
MHV	B-SPEC
)	O
nsp4	B-PRGE
is	I-PRGE
glycosylated	I-PRGE
at	I-PRGE
residues	I-PRGE
Asn176	I-PRGE
(	O
N176	O
)	O
and	O
N237	O
during	O
plasmid	O
expression	B-PROC
of	O
nsp4	B-PRGE
in	O
cells	B-COMP
.	O

The	O
degree	O
of	O
altered	O
DMV	O
morphology	O
directly	O
correlated	O
with	O
the	O
extent	O
of	O
impairment	B-DISO
in	O
viral	O
RNA	B-PROC
synthesis	I-PROC
and	O
virus	B-SPEC
growth	B-PROC
of	O
the	O
nsp4	B-PRGE
mutant	I-PRGE
viruses	B-SPEC
.	O

In	O
relation	O
to	O
gene	O
3	O
,	O
samples	O
showed	O
a	O
greater	O
relationship	O
with	O
chicken	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
IBV	B-SPEC
),	O
while	O
gene	O
5	O
showed	O
greater	O
identity	O
with	O
pheasant	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
PhCoV	O
).	O

These	O
data	O
demonstrated	O
,	O
for	O
the	O
first	O
time	O
in	O
Tunisia	O
,	O
the	O
cocirculation	O
of	O
IBV	B-SPEC
variant	O
serotypes	O
along	O
with	O
the	O
Massachusetts	O
type	O
,	O
causing	O
severe	O
clinical	O
diseases	O
and	O
high	O
economic	O
losses	O
to	O
the	O
poultry	O
industry	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
This	O
report	O
describes	O
the	O
identification	O
of	O
a	O
novel	O
linear	O
B	O
-	O
cell	O
epitope	B-CHED
at	O
the	O
C	O
-	O
terminus	O
of	O
the	O
membrane	B-COMP
(	O
M	O
)	O
protein	B-CHED
of	O
avian	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
bronchitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
IBV	B-SPEC
).	O

Alignment	O
and	O
comparison	O
of	O
the	O
15E2	O
-	O
defined	O
epitope	B-CHED
sequence	O
with	O
the	O
sequences	O
of	O
other	O
corona	B-CHED
-	O
viruses	B-SPEC
indicated	O
that	O
the	O
epitope	B-CHED
is	O
well	O
conserved	O
among	O
chicken	B-SPEC
and	O
turkey	B-SPEC
coronaviruses	O
.	O

Strain	O
v2163	O
increased	O
IL	O
-	O
1alpha	O
,	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
6	I-FUNC
,	O
MIP	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
1alpha	I-PRGE
,	O
MCP	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
,	O
and	O
RANTES	O
in	O
mice	B-SPEC
,	O
and	O
high	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
6	I-FUNC
expression	B-PROC
correlated	O
with	O
mortality	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Infection	B-DISO
by	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
is	O
initiated	O
by	O
specific	O
interactions	O
between	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
spike	O
(	O
S	O
)	O
protein	B-CHED
and	O
its	O
receptor	O
ACE2	B-PRGE
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
distress	O
syndrome	O
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
and	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
(	O
ALI	O
)	O
are	O
part	O
of	O
a	O
devastating	O
syndrome	B-DISO
characterized	O
by	O
acute	O
onset	O
,	O
hypoxemia	O
,	O
and	O
bilateral	O
infiltrates	B-DISO
on	O
chest	B-ANAT
x	O
-	O
rays	B-SPEC
.	O

The	O
most	O
common	O
cause	O
is	O
sepsis	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
The	O
application	O
of	O
genomics	O
to	O
emerging	O
zoonotic	O
viral	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
.	O

Genomics	O
tools	O
such	O
as	O
high	O
-	O
throughput	O
sequencing	O
,	O
mRNA	B-PROC
expression	B-PROC
profiling	O
,	O
and	O
microarray	O
-	O
based	O
analysis	O
of	O
single	O
nucleotide	B-CHED
polymorphisms	B-PROC
are	O
providing	O
unprecedented	O
ways	O
to	O
analyze	O
the	O
diversity	O
of	O
the	O
genomes	O
of	O
emerging	O
pathogens	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
the	O
molecular	O
basis	O
of	O
the	O
host	B-PROC
response	I-PROC
to	O
them	O
.	O

The	O
ultimate	O
challenge	O
is	O
to	O
link	O
pathogen	O
and	O
host	B-COMP
genomics	O
data	O
with	O
biological	O
outcomes	O
of	O
zoonotic	O
transmission	O
and	O
to	O
translate	O
the	O
integrated	O
data	O
into	O
novel	O
intervention	O
strategies	O
that	O
eventually	O
will	O
allow	O
the	O
effective	O
control	O
of	O
newly	O
emerging	O
infectious	O
diseases	O
.	O

Despite	O
marked	O
differences	O
in	O
infection	B-DISO
,	O
antibody	B-PROC
responses	I-PROC
were	O
observed	O
in	O
all	O
animals	B-SPEC
irrespective	O
of	O
age	O
,	O
with	O
older	O
pigs	B-SPEC
tending	O
to	O
seroconvert	O
sooner	O
and	O
achieve	O
higher	O
antibody	B-COMP
levels	O
than	O
3	O
-	O
week	O
-	O
old	O
animals	B-SPEC
.	O

To	O
understand	O
the	O
mechanism	O
by	O
which	O
a	O
virus	B-SPEC
escapes	O
from	O
antibody	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
mediated	I-PROC
neutralization	I-PROC
,	O
we	O
have	O
investigated	O
the	O
interactions	O
of	O
non	O
-	O
neutralizing	O
and	O
neutralizing	O
antibodies	B-COMP
at	O
an	O
epitope	B-CHED
cluster	O
on	O
the	O
spike	O
protein	B-CHED
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
).	O

This	O
transient	O
selection	O
could	O
lead	O
to	O
high	O
virulence	B-PROC
in	O
emerging	O
pathogens	O
.	O

Pathogens	O
that	O
are	O
moderately	O
evolvable	O
,	O
highly	O
transmissible	O
,	O
and	O
highly	O
virulent	O
at	O
equilibrium	B-PROC
could	O
briefly	O
double	O
their	O
virulence	B-PROC
during	O
an	O
epidemic	O
;	O
thus	O
,	O
epidemic	O
-	O
phase	O
selection	O
could	O
contribute	O
significantly	O
to	O
the	O
virulence	O
of	O
emerging	O
pathogens	O
.	O

In	O
order	B-SPEC
to	O
further	O
assess	O
the	O
potential	O
significance	O
of	O
this	O
mechanism	O
,	O
we	O
bring	O
together	O
data	O
from	O
the	O
literature	O
for	O
the	O
shapes	O
of	O
tradeoff	O
curves	O
for	O
several	O
pathogens	O
(	O
myxomatosis	O
,	O
HIV	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
a	O
parasite	O
of	O
Daphnia	B-SPEC
)	O
and	O
the	O
level	O
of	O
genetic	O
variation	O
for	O
virulence	B-PROC
for	O
one	O
(	O
myxomatosis	O
).	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
objective	O
of	O
this	O
investigation	O
is	O
to	O
review	O
existing	O
research	O
pertaining	O
to	O
cognitive	O
impairment	O
and	O
decline	O
following	O
critical	B-DISO
illness	I-DISO
and	O
describe	O
a	O
case	O
involving	O
a	O
49	O
-	O
year	O
-	O
old	O
female	O
with	O
sepsis	B-DISO
and	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
with	O
no	O
prior	O
neurologic	O
history	O
who	O
,	O
compared	O
to	O
baseline	O
neuropsychological	O
test	O
data	O
,	O
experienced	O
dramatic	O
cognitive	B-DISO
decline	I-DISO
and	O
brain	B-DISO
atrophy	I-DISO
following	O
treatment	O
in	O
the	O
medical	O
intensive	O
care	O
unit	O
(	O
ICU	O
)	O
at	O
Vanderbilt	O
University	O
Medical	O
Center	O
.	O

Initial	O
diffusion	O
tensor	O
brain	B-ANAT
magnetic	O
resonance	O
imaging	O
(	O
DT	O
-	O
MRI	O
)	O
at	O
the	O
end	O
of	O
ICU	O
hospitalization	O
showed	O
diffuse	O
abnormal	O
hyperintense	O
areas	O
involving	O
predominately	O
white	B-ANAT
matter	I-ANAT
in	O
both	O
hemispheres	O
and	O
the	O
left	O
cerebellum	B-ANAT
.	O

A	O
brain	B-ANAT
MRI	O
nearly	O
4	O
years	O
after	O
ICU	O
discharge	B-ANAT
demonstrated	O
interval	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
profound	O
and	O
generalized	O
atrophy	B-DISO
with	O
sulcal	O
widening	O
and	O
ventricular	B-ANAT
enlargement	B-DISO
.	O

Survivors	O
of	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
,	O
a	O
systemic	O
critical	B-DISO
illness	I-DISO
,	O
often	O
report	O
poor	O
quality	O
of	O
life	O
based	O
on	O
responses	O
to	O
standardized	O
questionnaires	O
.	O

The	O
diverse	O
and	O
unique	O
experiences	O
of	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
survivors	O
reflect	O
the	O
global	O
impact	O
of	O
severe	O
critical	B-DISO
illness	I-DISO
.	O

We	O
have	O
identified	O
symptom	B-DISO
domains	O
important	O
to	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
patients	O
who	O
are	O
not	O
well	O
represented	O
in	O
existing	O
health	O
outcomes	O
measures	O
.	O

Diagnostic	O
criteria	O
were	O
microscopic	O
or	O
macroscopic	O
haematuria	O
,	O
decreased	O
C3	O
fraction	O
of	O
the	O
complement	O
and	O
evidence	O
of	O
recent	O
streptococcal	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
.	O

Signs	O
of	O
previous	O
respiratory	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
were	O
clearly	O
evident	O
in	O
40	O
%	O
of	O
the	O
children	O
.	O

Systematic	O
detection	O
and	O
treatment	O
of	O
group	B-SPEC
A	I-SPEC
Streptococcus	I-SPEC
should	O
be	O
intensified	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Disruption	O
of	O
fibrinolytic	O
homeostasis	B-PROC
participates	O
in	O
the	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
of	O
severe	O
lung	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
like	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
),	O
idiopathic	B-DISO
pulmonary	I-DISO
fibrosis	I-DISO
(	O
IPF	O
)	O
and	O
plastic	B-DISO
bronchitis	I-DISO
.	O

In	O
addition	O
,	O
male	O
mice	B-SPEC
had	O
higher	O
BALF	B-PRGE
mtPA	I-PRGE
concentrations	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Plasmodium	B-SPEC
vivax	I-SPEC
malaria	B-PATH
:	O
an	O
unusual	O
presentation	O
.	O

A	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
Plasmodium	B-DISO
vivax	I-DISO
malaria	B-PATH
was	O
established	O
by	O
a	O
positive	O
Plasmodium	B-SPEC
LDH	B-PRGE
immunochromatographic	O
assay	O
while	O
a	O
negative	O
PfHRP2	O
based	O
assay	O
ruled	O
out	O
P	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
falciparum	I-SPEC
malaria	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
We	O
report	O
the	O
first	O
series	O
of	O
indigenous	O
European	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
leptospirosis	O
in	O
need	O
of	O
intensive	O
care	O
because	O
of	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
,	O
coma	B-DISO
and	O
shock	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Otitis	B-DISO
media	I-DISO
typically	O
presents	O
as	O
either	O
acute	O
otitis	O
media	O
(	O
AOM	B-DISO
),	O
with	O
symptoms	O
including	O
fever	B-PROC
,	O
otalgia	B-DISO
,	O
otorrhoea	O
or	O
irritability	O
and	O
short	O
duration	O
;	O
or	O
as	O
otitis	B-DISO
media	I-DISO
with	I-DISO
effusion	B-ANAT
(	O
OME	O
),	O
which	O
is	O
often	O
asymptomatic	O
and	O
characterised	O
by	O
accumulation	O
of	O
fluid	O
in	O
the	O
middle	B-ANAT
ear	I-ANAT
.	O

These	O
include	O
respiratory	B-SPEC
syncytial	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
,	O
rhinovirus	B-SPEC
,	O
adenovirus	B-DISO
,	O
parainfluenza	B-DISO
and	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Unraveling	O
the	O
complexities	O
of	O
the	O
interferon	B-PRGE
response	O
during	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
CoV	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
.	O

SARS	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
),	O
a	O
virus	B-SPEC
that	O
causes	O
severe	O
lung	B-ANAT
damage	O
,	O
encodes	O
an	O
array	O
of	O
proteins	B-CHED
able	O
to	O
inhibit	O
induction	O
and	O
signaling	B-PROC
of	O
type	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
I	I-PRGE
interferons	I-PRGE
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
genome	O
of	O
the	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
-	O
associated	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
contains	O
eight	O
open	O
reading	O
frames	O
(	O
ORFs	O
)	O
that	O
encode	O
novel	O
proteins	B-CHED
.	O

Electron	O
microscopy	O
of	O
infected	O
cells	B-COMP
revealed	O
a	O
role	O
for	O
ORF	B-PRGE
3a	I-PRGE
in	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
induced	O
vesicle	B-PROC
formation	I-PROC
,	O
a	O
prominent	O
feature	O
of	O
cells	B-COMP
from	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
.	O

Finally	O
,	O
overexpression	B-PROC
of	O
ADP	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
ribosylation	I-PRGE
factor	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
(	O
Arf1	B-PRGE
),	O
a	O
small	B-PRGE
GTPase	I-PRGE
essential	O
for	O
the	O
maintenance	O
of	O
the	O
Golgi	B-COMP
apparatus	I-COMP
,	O
restored	O
Golgi	B-COMP
morphology	O
during	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

When	O
the	O
secretory	B-PROC
pathway	I-PROC
was	O
disrupted	O
by	O
brefeldin	B-CHED
A	I-CHED
(	O
BFA	O
)	O
treatment	O
at	O
the	O
start	O
of	O
infection	B-DISO
,	O
RVN	O
formation	B-PROC
and	O
viral	O
RTC	O
activity	O
were	O
not	O
blocked	O
and	O
continued	O
up	O
to	O
11	O
h	O
postinfection	O
,	O
although	O
RNA	B-PROC
synthesis	I-PROC
was	O
reduced	O
by	O
ca	O
.	O

Confocal	O
microscopy	O
studies	O
showed	O
that	O
early	O
secretory	O
pathway	O
components	O
are	O
not	O
associated	O
with	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
-	O
induced	O
replication	O
sites	O
,	O
although	O
our	O
studies	O
revealed	O
that	O
infection	B-DISO
induces	O
a	O
remarkable	O
redistribution	O
of	O
the	O
translocon	B-COMP
subunit	O
Sec61alpha	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Hyperimmunoglobulin	B-DISO
E	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
with	O
a	O
novel	O
STAT3	B-PRGE
mutation	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
A	O
35	O
-	O
year	O
-	O
old	O
man	B-CHED
with	O
severe	O
eczematous	O
dermatitis	O
and	O
recurrent	O
staphylococcal	B-DISO
skin	I-DISO
infections	I-DISO
,	O
some	O
of	O
which	O
required	O
hospitalization	O
,	O
is	O
presented	O
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
PTSD	B-DISO
occurs	O
in	O
a	O
significant	O
percentage	O
of	O
subjects	O
who	O
recover	B-PROC
from	O
SARS	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
the	O
occurrence	O
of	O
PTSD	B-DISO
predicts	O
persistent	O
psychological	B-DISO
distress	I-DISO
and	O
diminished	O
social	O
functioning	O
in	O
the	O
4	O
years	O
after	O
SARS	B-DISO
treatment	O
.	O

To	O
our	O
knowledge	O
,	O
no	O
previous	O
reports	O
have	O
examined	O
the	O
long	O
-	O
term	O
recovery	O
of	O
patients	O
who	O
have	O
had	O
this	O
condition	B-DISO
.	O

Although	O
previous	O
investigations	O
focused	O
mainly	O
on	O
viruses	B-SPEC
such	O
as	O
hepatitis	B-PATH
C	I-PATH
and	O
HIV	B-DISO
,	O
it	O
is	O
now	O
becoming	O
clear	O
that	O
other	O
microbes	O
associate	O
with	O
tetraspanins	O
,	O
using	O
TEMs	O
as	O
a	O
'	O
gateway	O
'	O
to	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

Low	O
-	O
dose	O
corticosteroids	B-CHED
administered	O
within	O
14	O
days	O
of	O
disease	O
onset	O
may	O
reduce	O
all	O
-	O
cause	O
mortality	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
,	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
,	O
and	O
severe	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Respiratory	B-DISO
complications	I-DISO
of	O
accidental	O
drownings	O
in	O
children	O
].	O

Age	O
at	O
the	O
moment	O
of	O
the	O
accident	O
,	O
sex	O
,	O
history	O
of	O
accident	O
,	O
hospitable	O
care	O
,	O
thoracic	B-DISO
imaging	O
and	O
neurological	O
outcome	O
of	O
the	O
children	O
were	O
studied	O
.	O

Drowning	O
in	O
fresh	B-ANAT
water	O
,	O
especially	O
in	O
contaminated	O
fresh	B-ANAT
water	B-CHED
(	O
canal	B-ANAT
,	O
WC	O
,	O
etc	O
.),	O
induced	O
atelectasis	B-DISO
(	O
10	O
.	O
8	O
%),	O
whereas	O
drowning	O
in	O
sea	O
water	B-CHED
induced	O
diffuse	O
infiltrates	B-DISO
(	O
8	O
.	O
4	O
%).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Crystal	B-ANAT
structure	O
of	O
NL63	B-PRGE
respiratory	I-PRGE
coronavirus	I-PRGE
receptor	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
binding	B-FUNC
domain	I-PRGE
complexed	O
with	O
its	O
human	O
receptor	O
.	O

Both	O
affinity	O
-	O
purified	O
anti	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CD134	I-PRGE
and	O
anti	O
-	O
SU	O
antibodies	B-COMP
blocked	O
FIV	B-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
ex	O
vivo	O
.	O

Anti	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CD134	I-PRGE
binding	B-FUNC
caused	O
displacement	O
of	O
SU	O
from	O
the	O
surface	O
of	O
the	O
cell	B-COMP
and	O
inhibition	B-PROC
of	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

Prone	O
and	O
supine	O
patients	O
from	O
the	O
entire	O
study	O
population	O
had	O
similar	O
28	O
-	O
day	O
(	O
31	O
.	O
0	O
%	O
vs	O
32	O
.	O
8	O
%;	O
relative	O
risk	O
[	O
RR	O
],	O
0	O
.	O
97	O
;	O
95	O
%	O
confidence	O
interval	O
[	O
CI	O
],	O
0	O
.	O
84	O
-	O
1	O
.	O
13	O
;	O
P	O
=	O
.	O
72	O
)	O
and	O
6	O
-	O
month	O
(	O
47	O
.	O
0	O
%	O
vs	O
52	O
.	O
3	O
%;	O
RR	O
,	O
0	O
.	O
90	O
;	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
,	O
0	O
.	O
73	O
-	O
1	O
.	O
11	O
;	O
P	O
=	O
.	O
33	O
)	O
mortality	O
rates	O
,	O
despite	O
significantly	O
higher	O
complication	B-DISO
rates	O
in	O
the	O
prone	O
group	O
.	O

In	O
this	O
study	O
we	O
have	O
analyzed	O
the	O
phenotypes	O
of	O
recombinant	O
FCoVs	O
that	O
are	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
genetic	O
background	O
of	O
type	O
I	O
FCoV	O
strain	O
Black	O
but	O
encode	O
the	O
type	O
II	O
FCoV	O
strain	O
79	O
-	O
1146	O
S	O
protein	B-CHED
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Cellular	B-ANAT
immune	I-PROC
responses	I-PROC
to	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
infection	B-DISO
in	O
senescent	O
BALB	O
/	O
c	O
mice	B-SPEC
:	O
CD4	B-PRGE
+	I-PRGE
T	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
are	O
important	O
in	O
control	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
CoV	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
We	O
characterized	O
the	O
cellular	B-PROC
immune	I-PROC
response	I-PROC
to	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
infection	B-DISO
in	O
12	O
-	O
to	O
14	O
-	O
month	O
-	O
old	O
BALB	O
/	O
c	O
mice	B-SPEC
,	O
a	O
model	O
that	O
mimics	O
features	O
of	O
the	O
human	B-SPEC
disease	O
.	O

The	O
disease	O
,	O
which	O
quickly	O
spread	O
worldwide	O
over	O
a	O
period	O
of	O
4	O
months	O
spanning	O
late	O
2002	O
and	O
early	O
2003	O
,	O
infected	O
over	O
8	O
,	O
000	O
individuals	O
and	O
killed	O
nearly	O
800	O
before	O
it	O
was	O
successfully	O
contained	O
by	O
aggressive	B-DISO
public	O
health	O
intervention	O
strategies	O
.	O

Here	O
,	O
we	O
described	O
PF	O
in	O
mice	B-SPEC
infected	O
with	O
H5N1	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
.	O

Eight	O
-	O
week	O
-	O
old	O
BALB	O
/	O
c	O
mice	B-SPEC
were	O
inoculated	O
intranasally	O
with	O
1	O
x	O
101	O
MID50	O
of	O
A	O
/	O
Chicken	B-SPEC
/	O
Hebei	O
/	O
108	O
/	O
2002	O
(	O
H5N1	B-DISO
)	O
viruses	B-SPEC
.	O

The	O
dramatically	O
elevated	O
hydroxyproline	B-CHED
levels	O
in	O
H5N1	B-DISO
-	O
infected	O
mice	B-SPEC
showed	O
deposition	O
of	O
collagen	B-COMP
in	O
lungs	B-ANAT
,	O
and	O
confirmed	O
fibrosis	B-DISO
of	O
lungs	B-ANAT
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
H5N1	B-DISO
-	O
inoculated	O
mice	B-SPEC
presented	O
two	O
stages	O
of	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
over	O
a	O
30	O
-	O
d	O
period	O
after	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

Our	O
results	O
suggest	O
that	O
the	O
vaccines	O
used	O
for	O
these	O
giant	B-SPEC
pandas	B-DISO
do	O
not	O
elicit	O
consistent	O
antibody	B-COMP
titers	O
.	O

In	O
the	O
aftermath	O
of	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
epidemic	O
,	O
although	O
significant	O
progress	O
towards	O
understanding	O
the	O
underlying	O
molecular	O
mechanism	O
of	O
the	O
infection	B-DISO
has	O
been	O
made	O
,	O
a	O
large	O
gap	O
still	O
remains	O
in	O
our	O
knowledge	O
regarding	O
how	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
interacts	O
with	O
the	O
host	B-COMP
cell	I-COMP
at	O
the	O
onset	O
of	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

Upregulated	O
BASC	O
miRNAs	O
-	O
17	O
*,	O
-	O
574	O
-	O
5p	O
,	O
and	O
-	O
214	O
are	O
co	O
-	O
opted	O
by	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
to	O
suppress	O
its	O
own	O
replication	O
and	O
evade	O
immune	B-PROC
elimination	I-PROC
until	O
successful	O
transmission	O
takes	O
place	O
.	O

The	O
designed	O
primers	O
and	O
probe	O
were	O
specific	O
for	O
TCoV	O
.	O
Other	O
non	O
-	O
TCoV	O
avian	B-SPEC
viruses	B-SPEC
and	O
bacteria	B-SPEC
were	O
not	O
amplified	O
by	O
RRT	O
-	O
PCR	O
.	O

The	O
viral	O
RNA	O
in	O
the	O
intestine	B-ANAT
segments	O
reached	O
the	O
highest	O
level	O
,	O
6x10	O
(	O
15	O
)	O
copies	O
/	O
microl	O
,	O
in	O
the	O
jejunum	B-ANAT
at	O
5	O
DPI	O
.	O

The	O
average	O
amount	O
of	O
TCoV	B-PRGE
RNA	I-PRGE
in	O
the	O
cloacal	B-ANAT
fecal	B-ANAT
samples	O
was	O
10	O
times	O
higher	O
than	O
that	O
in	O
the	O
fecal	B-ANAT
droppings	B-ANAT
on	O
the	O
floor	O
.	O

Taken	O
together	O
,	O
the	O
results	O
indicated	O
that	O
the	O
developed	O
RRT	O
-	O
PCR	O
assay	O
is	O
rapid	O
,	O
sensitive	O
,	O
and	O
specific	O
for	O
detection	O
,	O
differentiation	B-PROC
,	O
and	O
quantitation	O
of	O
TCoV	O
in	O
the	O
turkey	B-SPEC
tissues	B-ANAT
and	O
should	O
be	O
helpful	O
in	O
monitoring	O
the	O
progression	O
of	O
TCoV	O
induced	O
acute	O
enteritis	B-DISO
in	O
the	O
turkey	B-SPEC
flocks	O
.	O

A	O
retrospective	O
analysis	O
was	O
conducted	O
among	O
225	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
treated	O
in	O
our	O
in	O
2003	O
.	O

High	O
Performance	O
Liquid	O
Chromatography	O
(	O
HPLC	O
)	O
and	O
amino	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
sequencing	O
analyses	O
identified	O
two	O
arginine	B-CHED
residues	O
(	O
R667	O
and	O
R797	O
)	O
as	O
potential	O
protease	O
cleavage	B-PROC
site	O
(	O
s	O
).	O

The	O
effect	O
of	O
protease	O
-	O
dependent	O
enhancement	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
CoV	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
was	O
demonstrated	O
with	O
ACE2	B-PRGE
expressing	O
human	B-SPEC
bronchial	B-ANAT
epithelial	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
16HBE	O
.	O

From	O
June	O
24	O
through	O
12	O
July	O
2009	O
,	O
13	O
patients	O
with	O
suspected	O
H1N1	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
and	O
ALI	O
-	O
ARDS	B-DISO
were	O
admitted	O
to	O
the	O
intensive	O
care	O
unit	O
(	O
ICU	O
)	O
of	O
a	O
tertiary	O
care	O
hospital	O
.	O

Patients	O
with	O
and	O
without	O
confirmed	O
H1N1	B-DISO
influenza	I-DISO
had	O
similar	O
disease	O
severity	O
at	O
presentation	O
and	O
a	O
comparable	O
response	O
to	O
treatment	O
.	O

Survivors	O
were	O
discharged	O
home	O
without	O
oxygen	B-CHED
supplementation	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
A	O
52	O
-	O
year	O
-	O
old	O
man	B-CHED
presented	O
with	O
unproductive	O
cough	O
,	O
fever	B-PROC
and	O
chill	B-DISO
in	O
our	O
emergency	B-DISO
department	O
.	O

Self	O
-	O
medication	O
with	O
amoxicillin	B-CHED
over	O
3	O
days	O
failed	O
to	O
improve	O
his	O
condition	B-DISO
.	O

Acute	O
respiratory	O
distress	O
syndrome	O
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
was	O
diagnosed	O
.	O

Therefore	O
,	O
the	O
diagnostic	O
and	O
treatment	O
algorithms	O
need	O
to	O
be	O
reconsidered	O
in	O
order	B-SPEC
to	O
rapidly	O
diagnose	O
and	O
treat	O
infections	B-DISO
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
The	O
incidence	O
of	O
influenza	B-DISO
(	O
A	O
/	O
H1N1	O
)	O
has	O
increased	O
in	O
Germany	O
and	O
severe	O
and	O
lethal	O
courses	O
have	O
occurred	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Acute	O
tumor	B-DISO
lysis	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
in	O
a	O
7	O
-	O
month	O
-	O
old	O
with	O
hepatoblastoma	B-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Acute	O
tumor	B-DISO
lysis	B-PROC
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
TLS	O
)	O
is	O
characterized	O
by	O
the	O
triad	B-COMP
of	O
hyperuricemia	B-DISO
,	O
hyperkalemia	O
,	O
and	O
hyperphosphatemia	B-DISO
and	O
is	O
caused	O
by	O
the	O
death	B-PROC
of	O
tumor	B-ANAT
cells	B-COMP
and	O
release	B-PATH
of	O
intracellular	B-COMP
contents	O
into	O
the	O
circulation	B-PROC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Severe	O
late	O
-	O
onset	O
nosocomial	B-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
caused	O
by	O
Chlamydophila	B-SPEC
pneumoniae	I-SPEC
.	O

The	O
recently	O
identified	O
virus	B-SPEC
variant	O
CPV	B-SPEC
-	O
2c	O
was	O
predominant	O
in	O
Italy	O
and	O
Germany	O
and	O
present	O
at	O
high	O
rates	O
in	O
Spain	O
and	O
France	O
but	O
was	O
not	O
detected	O
in	O
the	O
UK	O
or	O
Belgium	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
During	O
the	O
novel	O
influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
(	O
H1N1	O
)	O
pandemic	O
,	O
some	O
patients	O
developed	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
or	O
severe	O
cardiopulmonary	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
despite	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
conventional	O
management	O
.	O

Because	O
of	O
compromised	O
cardiopulmonary	B-ANAT
function	O
,	O
venoarterial	O
ECMO	O
support	O
was	O
started	O
4	O
days	O
after	O
the	O
onset	O
of	O
symptoms	O
and	O
he	O
was	O
transferred	O
to	O
Hospital	O
B	O
on	O
July	O
25	O
,	O
2009	O
.	O

Observed	O
ICU	O
admissions	O
were	O
15	O
-	O
fold	O
greater	O
than	O
expected	O
for	O
those	O
with	O
BMI	O
>	O
or	O
=	O
40	O
kg	O
/	O
m2	O
(	O
standardized	O
morbidity	O
ratio	O
15	O
.	O
8	O
,	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
,	O
8	O
.	O
3	O
-	O
23	O
.	O
4	O
)	O
and	O
1	O
.	O
5	O
-	O
fold	O
greater	O
than	O
expected	O
among	O
those	O
with	O
BMI	O
of	O
30	O
to	O
39	O
kg	O
/	O
m	O
(	O
2	O
)	O
for	O
age	O
-	O
adjusted	O
and	O
sex	O
-	O
adjusted	O
rates	O
for	O
Salt	B-CHED
Lake	B-SPEC
County	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Pulmonary	B-ANAT
/	O
renal	B-ANAT
interaction	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Acute	O
kidney	B-ANAT
injury	O
contributes	O
to	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
acute	O
lung	O
injury	O
and	O
vice	O
-	O
versa	O
.	O

An	O
increasing	O
body	B-ANAT
of	O
evidence	O
suggests	O
that	O
kidney	B-ANAT
and	O
lung	B-ANAT
interact	O
(	O
crosstalk	B-PROC
)	O
during	O
severe	O
insults	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
shock	O
,	O
trauma	O
,	O
and	O
sepsis	B-DISO
,	O
due	O
to	O
a	O
loss	O
of	O
the	O
normal	O
balance	B-PROC
of	O
immune	O
,	O
inflammatory	O
and	O
soluble	O
mediators	O
.	O

At	O
44	O
days	O
of	O
age	O
,	O
poults	O
infected	O
at	O
2	O
or	O
28	O
days	O
of	O
age	O
weighed	O
only	O
68	O
.	O
1	O
%	O
or	O
77	O
.	O
7	O
%,	O
respectively	O
,	O
compared	O
with	O
uninfected	O
turkeys	B-SPEC
of	O
the	O
same	O
age	O
on	O
the	O
same	O
diet	O
,	O
a	O
mean	O
difference	O
in	O
body	B-ANAT
weights	O
of	O
683	O
or	O
477g	O
,	O
respectively	O
.	O

Strain	O
793	O
/	O
B	O
had	O
the	O
least	O
capacity	O
to	O
invade	O
the	O
investigated	O
organs	B-ANAT
,	O
while	O
it	O
produced	O
a	O
good	O
humoral	O
response	O
as	O
measured	O
by	O
enzyme	O
-	O
linked	O
immunosorbent	O
assay	O
.	O

Due	O
to	O
their	O
paucity	O
in	O
blood	B-ANAT
,	O
we	O
utilized	O
novel	O
fluorescent	O
-	O
activated	O
cell	B-COMP
sorting	B-PROC
procedures	O
to	O
isolate	O
them	O
from	O
PBMC	O
.	O

In	O
addition	O
to	O
being	O
a	O
potent	O
source	O
of	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
alpha	I-PRGE
,	O
other	O
properties	O
of	O
these	O
porcine	B-SPEC
CD4	B-PRGE
(	O
hi	O
)	O
CD172	O
(	O
lo	O
)	O
cells	B-COMP
including	O
their	O
morphological	O
transition	B-DISO
from	O
a	O
plasma	B-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
-	O
like	O
shape	O
during	O
quiescence	O
to	O
one	O
resembling	O
a	O
dendritic	B-ANAT
cell	B-COMP
(	O
DC	O
)	O
after	O
activation	O
by	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
and	O
their	O
relatively	O
strong	O
constitutive	O
expression	B-PROC
of	O
interferon	B-PRGE
regulatory	I-PRGE
factor	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
7	I-PRGE
(	O
IRF	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
7	I-PRGE
)	O
conformed	O
to	O
the	O
expectations	O
of	O
genuine	O
pDCs	O
.	O

Notably	O
,	O
porcine	B-SPEC
reproductive	I-SPEC
and	I-SPEC
respiratory	I-SPEC
syndrome	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
PRRSV	B-SPEC
)	O
failed	O
to	O
provoke	O
the	O
pDCs	O
to	O
secrete	B-PROC
any	O
of	O
the	O
measured	O
cytokines	O
except	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
2	I-FUNC
.	O

Major	O
histopathological	O
changes	O
in	O
infected	O
lungs	B-ANAT
included	O
diffuse	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
and	O
alveolar	B-ANAT
damage	O
,	O
with	O
neutrophil	B-ANAT
-	O
dominant	O
inflammatory	O
cellular	B-ANAT
infiltration	B-DISO
,	O
interstitial	B-ANAT
and	O
alveolar	B-DISO
edema	I-DISO
,	O
hemorrhage	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
severe	O
bronchiolitis	B-DISO
/	O
peribronchiolitis	O
.	O

Our	O
data	O
show	O
that	O
H9N2	O
viral	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
resulted	O
in	O
ARDS	B-DISO
in	O
mice	B-SPEC
,	O
and	O
this	O
may	O
facilitate	O
studies	O
of	O
the	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
of	O
future	O
potential	O
H9N2	O
disease	O
in	O
humans	B-SPEC
.	O

Adult	B-DISO
onset	I-DISO
Still	I-DISO
'	I-DISO
s	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
(	O
AOSD	O
),	O
a	O
diagnosis	O
considered	O
in	O
this	O
patient	O
,	O
is	O
a	O
rare	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
with	O
unknown	O
prevalence	O
,	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
and	O
etiology	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Acute	O
respiratory	O
failure	O
and	O
its	O
most	O
severe	O
form	O
,	O
the	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
,	O
are	O
relatively	O
common	O
in	O
the	O
ICU	O
setting	O
and	O
have	O
a	O
high	O
morbidity	O
and	O
mortality	O
.	O

Multivariate	O
analysis	O
found	O
2	O
independent	O
factors	O
related	O
to	O
severe	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
involvement	I-DISO
:	O
dyspnoea	B-DISO
(	O
OR	O
10	O
.	O
18	O
,	O
p	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
0001	O
),	O
and	O
oliguria	B-DISO
/	O
anuria	B-DISO
(	O
OR	O
4	O
.	O
87	O
,	O
p	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
0009	O
).	O

(	O
3	O
)	O
The	O
respective	O
PIP	B-CHED
in	O
the	O
4	O
groups	O
was	O
(	O
33	O
+/-	O

Interestingly	O
,	O
N	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
and	O
its	O
deletion	O
mutants	O
with	O
RNA	O
chaperone	B-PROC
activity	I-PROC
enhanced	O
template	O
switching	O
in	O
a	O
retrovirus	B-SPEC
-	O
derived	O
heterologous	O
system	O
,	O
reinforcing	O
the	O
concept	O
that	O
TGEV	B-PRGE
N	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
is	O
an	O
RNA	B-PROC
chaperone	I-PROC
that	O
could	O
be	O
involved	O
in	O
template	O
switching	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Seroprevalences	O
to	O
viral	O
pathogens	O
in	O
free	O
-	O
ranging	O
and	O
captive	O
cheetahs	B-SPEC
(	O
Acinonyx	B-SPEC
jubatus	I-SPEC
)	O
on	O
Namibian	O
Farmland	O
.	O

Eight	O
of	O
11	O
other	O
wild	O
carnivores	B-SPEC
were	O
seropositive	O
for	O
at	O
least	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
viruses	B-SPEC
,	O
including	O
the	O
first	O
record	O
of	O
an	O
FIV	B-SPEC
-	O
like	O
infection	B-DISO
in	O
a	O
wild	O
felid	B-SPEC
west	O
of	O
the	O
Kalahari	O
,	O
the	O
caracal	B-SPEC
(	O
Felis	B-SPEC
caracal	I-SPEC
).	O

Total	O
RNAs	O
extracted	O
from	O
virus	B-SPEC
were	O
reverse	O
transcribed	O
,	O
followed	O
by	O
multi	O
-	O
PCR	O
amplification	B-DISO
and	O
labeled	O
with	O
Cy3	O
-	O
dCTP	B-CHED
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
investigate	O
the	O
potential	O
risk	O
factors	O
of	O
affecting	O
progression	O
from	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
(	O
ALI	O
)	O
to	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
in	O
severe	O
trauma	O
population	O
.	O

We	O
performed	O
serial	O
measurements	O
of	O
Clara	B-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
protein	B-CHED
(	O
CC16	O
),	O
soluble	O
receptor	O
for	O
advanced	O
glycation	O
end	O
products	O
(	O
sRAGE	O
),	O
surfactant	B-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
D	I-PRGE
(	O
SP	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
D	I-PRGE
)	O
and	O
Krebs	B-PRGE
von	I-PRGE
den	I-PRGE
Lungen	I-PRGE
(	O
KL	O
-	O
6	O
)	O
in	O
plasma	B-ANAT
of	O
patients	O
with	O
VAP	O
and	O
mechanically	O
ventilated	O
control	O
patients	O
without	O
VAP	O
.	O

ALI	O
/	O
ARDS	B-DISO
was	O
diagnosed	O
using	O
the	O
criteria	O
of	O
the	O
North	O
-	O
American	O
European	O
consensus	O
conference	O
.	O

Of	O
note	O
,	O
levels	O
of	O
CC16	O
increased	O
2	O
days	O
before	O
ALI	O
/	O
ARDS	B-DISO
diagnosis	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Ribavirin	O
and	O
corticosteroids	B-CHED
were	O
used	O
widely	O
as	O
front	O
-	O
line	O
treatments	O
for	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
;	O
however	O
,	O
previous	O
evaluations	O
were	O
inconclusive	O
.	O

Only	O
FCV	B-CHED
RNA	O
was	O
present	O
in	O
significantly	O
more	O
cats	B-SPEC
with	O
FGS	B-DISO
(	O
40	O
.	O
5	O
%)	O
than	O
control	O
cats	O
(	O
0	O
%).	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
gauge	O
Singapore	O
physicians	O
'	O
perceptions	O
of	O
the	O
national	O
response	O
to	O
the	O
severe	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
outbreak	O
using	O
a	O
questionnaire	O
survey	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Cost	O
-	O
effectiveness	O
analysis	O
of	O
hospital	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
control	O
response	O
to	O
an	O
epidemic	O
respiratory	O
virus	O
threat	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
outbreak	O
of	O
influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
pandemic	O
(	O
H1N1	O
)	O
2009	O
prompted	O
many	O
countries	O
in	O
Asia	O
,	O
previously	O
strongly	O
affected	O
by	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
),	O
to	O
respond	O
with	O
stringent	O
measures	O
,	O
particularly	O
in	O
preventing	O
outbreaks	O
in	O
hospitals	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Two	O
datasets	O
have	O
been	O
used	O
as	O
test	O
beds	O
,	O
one	O
dataset	O
includes	O
patients	O
of	O
nasopharyngeal	B-DISO
carcinoma	I-DISO
with	O
different	O
responses	O
to	O
chemotherapy	O
drug	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
other	O
consists	O
of	O
patients	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
,	O
influenza	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
control	O
normals	O
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
The	O
derived	O
networks	O
can	O
effectively	O
capture	O
the	O
unique	O
regulatory	O
patterns	O
of	O
protein	B-CHED
markers	O
associated	O
with	O
different	O
patient	O
groups	O
and	O
hence	O
can	O
be	O
used	O
for	O
disease	O
classification	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Structure	O
of	O
the	O
X	O
(	O
ADRP	O
)	O
domain	O
of	O
nsp3	B-PRGE
from	O
feline	B-SPEC
coronavirus	B-SPEC
.	O

In	O
the	O
tetragonal	O
crystal	B-ANAT
form	O
,	O
glycerol	B-CHED
-	I-CHED
3	I-CHED
-	I-CHED
phosphate	I-CHED
was	O
observed	O
in	O
the	O
ADP	B-CHED
-	O
ribose	B-CHED
-	O
binding	B-FUNC
site	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
the	O
structure	O
with	O
ADP	B-CHED
-	O
ribose	B-CHED
bound	O
was	O
determined	O
in	O
the	O
cubic	O
crystal	B-ANAT
form	O
at	O
3	O
.	O
9	O
A	O
resolution	O
.	O

To	O
demonstrate	O
this	O
possibility	O
,	O
we	O
here	O
tested	O
the	O
effects	O
of	O
TACE	B-ENZY
inhibitors	B-CHED
on	O
viral	O
entry	O
.	O

We	O
engineered	O
recombinant	O
Lactobacillus	B-SPEC
casei	I-SPEC
,	O
producing	O
biologically	O
active	O
canine	O
granulocyte	B-PRGE
macrophage	B-ANAT
colony	I-PRGE
stimulating	I-PRGE
factor	I-PRGE
(	O
cGM	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CSF	I-PRGE
),	O
and	O
investigated	O
its	O
possibility	O
as	O
a	O
good	O
probiotic	O
agent	O
for	O
dogs	B-SPEC
.	O

After	O
the	O
administration	O
of	O
CCV	B-DISO
vaccine	O
,	O
CCV	B-DISO
-	O
specific	O
IgG	B-PRGE
in	O
serum	B-COMP
increased	O
more	O
in	O
the	O
group	O
supplemented	O
with	O
L	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
casei	I-SPEC
expressing	O
cGM	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CSF	I-PRGE
than	O
the	O
other	O
two	O
groups	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
In	O
the	O
last	O
2	O
years	O
,	O
several	O
reports	O
have	O
dealt	O
with	O
recruitment	O
/	O
positive	O
end	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
expiratory	I-PROC
pressure	O
(	O
PEEP	B-CHED
)	O
selection	O
.	O

The	O
highest	O
opening	O
pressures	O
are	O
required	O
to	O
open	O
the	O
most	O
dependent	O
lung	B-ANAT
regions	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Bovine	B-SPEC
respiratory	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
(	O
BRD	O
)	O
research	O
has	O
provided	O
significant	O
understanding	O
of	O
the	O
disease	O
over	O
the	O
past	O
26	O
years	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Coronaviruses	O
induce	O
in	O
infected	O
cells	O
the	O
formation	B-PROC
of	O
double	O
-	O
membrane	B-COMP
vesicles	B-COMP
(	O
DMVs	O
)	O
in	O
which	O
the	O
replication	O
-	O
transcription	B-PROC
complexes	O
(	O
RTCs	O
)	O
are	O
anchored	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
A	O
single	O
tyrosine	B-CHED
in	O
the	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
membrane	B-COMP
protein	B-CHED
cytoplasmic	B-COMP
tail	I-ANAT
is	O
important	O
for	O
efficient	O
interaction	O
with	O
spike	O
protein	B-CHED
.	O

Mutating	O
Y	O
(	O
195	O
)	O
also	O
disrupted	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
S	O
-	O
M	O
interaction	O
in	O
vitro	O
.	O

Importantly	O
,	O
expression	B-PROC
of	O
the	O
JHM	O
nucleocapsid	B-COMP
in	O
the	O
context	O
of	O
the	O
A59	O
genome	O
conferred	O
increased	O
mortality	O
and	O
spread	O
of	O
viral	O
antigen	B-CHED
in	O
the	O
mouse	B-ANAT
central	I-ANAT
nervous	B-DISO
system	I-ANAT
compared	O
to	O
the	O
parental	O
A59	O
strain	O
,	O
while	O
having	O
little	O
effect	O
on	O
the	O
induction	O
of	O
hepatitis	B-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Short	O
-	O
term	O
follow	O
-	O
up	O
studies	O
of	O
severe	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
survivors	O
suggested	O
that	O
their	O
physical	O
conditions	O
continuously	O
improved	O
in	O
the	O
first	O
year	O
but	O
that	O
their	O
mental	O
health	O
did	O
not	O
.	O

Psychiatric	O
morbidities	O
and	O
chronic	O
fatigue	B-DISO
persisted	O
and	O
continued	O
to	O
be	O
clinically	O
significant	O
among	O
the	O
survivors	O
at	O
the	O
4	O
-	O
year	O
follow	O
-	O
up	O
.	O

Optimization	O
of	O
the	O
treatment	O
of	O
mental	O
health	O
morbidities	O
by	O
a	O
multidisciplinary	O
approach	O
with	O
a	O
view	O
for	O
long	O
-	O
term	O
rehabilitation	O
,	O
especially	O
targeting	B-PROC
psychiatric	O
and	O
fatigue	B-DISO
problems	O
and	O
functional	O
and	O
occupational	O
rehabilitation	O
,	O
would	O
be	O
needed	O
.	O

Specific	O
parameters	O
assessed	O
in	O
the	O
innate	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
inflammatory	B-DISO
response	I-DISO
were	O
leukocytes	B-ANAT
,	O
macrophages	B-ANAT
,	O
and	O
polymorphonuclear	B-ANAT
neutrophils	I-ANAT
(	O
PMNs	O
)	O
in	O
BAL	B-ENZY
;	O
whole	O
lung	B-PRGE
myeloperoxidase	B-FUNC
activity	I-FUNC
;	O
and	O
a	O
series	O
of	O
cytokines	O
or	O
chemokines	O
present	O
in	O
BAL	B-ENZY
at	O
5	O
or	O
24	O
hours	O
after	O
injury	O
:	O
tumor	B-PRGE
necrosis	I-PRGE
factor	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
alpha	I-PRGE
,	O
interleukin	B-PRGE
(	O
IL	O
)-	O
1beta	O
,	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
6	I-FUNC
,	O
interferon	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
gamma	I-FUNC
,	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
10	I-FUNC
,	O
macrophage	B-PRGE
inflammatory	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
-	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
,	O
cytokine	O
-	O
induced	O
neutrophil	B-ANAT
chemoattractant	O
-	O
1	O
,	O
and	O
monocyte	B-PRGE
chemoattractant	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
-	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Establishment	O
,	O
immortalisation	O
and	O
characterisation	O
of	O
pteropid	O
bat	B-ENZY
cell	B-ANAT
lines	I-ANAT
.	O

Black	O
flying	B-SPEC
foxes	I-SPEC
(	O
Pteropus	B-SPEC
alecto	I-SPEC
)	O
were	O
captured	O
from	O
the	O
wild	O
and	O
transported	O
live	O
to	O
the	O
laboratory	O
for	O
primary	O
cell	B-COMP
culture	O
preparation	O
using	O
a	O
variety	O
of	O
different	O
methods	O
and	O
culture	O
media	B-ANAT
.	O

The	O
present	O
authors	O
,	O
in	O
collaboration	O
with	O
Vietnamese	O
hospital	O
staff	O
,	O
performed	O
a	O
fact	O
-	O
finding	O
survey	O
of	O
nosocomial	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
control	O
in	O
hospitals	O
in	O
northern	O
Vietnam	O
and	O
compared	O
the	O
results	O
with	O
those	O
of	O
a	O
survey	O
conducted	O
4	O
years	O
previously	O
.	O

All	O
patients	O
were	O
imported	O
cases	O
,	O
representing	O
an	O
important	O
epidemiological	O
factor	O
and	O
future	O
medical	O
issue	O
,	O
though	O
they	O
were	O
not	O
malnourished	B-DISO
nor	O
affected	O
by	O
chronic	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
.	O

We	O
conclude	O
that	O
early	O
respiratory	O
assessment	O
and	O
timely	O
PICU	B-SPEC
referral	O
is	O
of	O
mainstem	O
importance	O
in	O
the	O
youngest	O
infants	O
with	O
measles	B-PATH
-	O
induced	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
Chinese	O
rufous	O
horseshoe	B-SPEC
bat	I-SPEC
(	O
Rhinolophus	B-SPEC
sinicus	I-SPEC
)	O
has	O
been	O
suggested	O
to	O
carry	O
the	O
direct	O
ancestor	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SCoV	O
),	O
and	O
the	O
diversity	O
of	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
like	I-PRGE
CoVs	I-PRGE
(	O
SLCoV	O
)	O
within	O
this	O
Rhinolophus	B-SPEC
species	B-SPEC
is	O
therefore	O
worth	O
investigating	O
.	O

Here	O
,	O
we	O
demonstrate	O
the	O
remarkable	O
diversity	O
of	O
SLCoVs	O
in	O
R	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
sinicus	I-SPEC
and	O
identify	O
a	O
strain	O
with	O
the	O
same	O
pattern	O
of	O
phylogenetic	O
incongruence	O
(	O
i	O
.	O
e	O
.	O
an	O
indication	O
of	O
recombination	B-PROC
)	O
as	O
reported	O
previously	O
in	O
another	O
SLCoV	O
strain	O
.	O

Outcome	O
of	O
severe	O
blunt	O
trauma	O
in	O
dogs	B-SPEC
treated	O
with	O
intensive	O
care	O
is	O
very	O
good	O
.	O

Extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenation	B-PROC
(	O
ECMO	O
)	O
could	O
represent	O
an	O
important	O
treatment	O
option	O
,	O
if	O
complications	O
were	O
reduced	O
by	O
new	O
technical	O
developments	O
.	O

Ventilatory	O
parameters	O
were	O
reduced	O
to	O
a	O
highly	O
protective	O
mode	O
,	O
allowing	O
a	O
fast	B-FUNC
reduction	O
of	O
tidal	O
volume	O
from	O
495	O
(	O
401	O
to	O
570	O
)	O
mL	O
to	O
336	O
(	O
292	O
to	O
404	O
)	O
mL	O
(	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
001	O
)	O
and	O
of	O
peak	O
inspiratory	B-PROC
pressure	O
from	O
36	O
(	O
32	O
to	O
40	O
)	O
cmH2O	O
to	O
31	O
(	O
28	O
to	O
35	O
)	O
cmH2O	O
(	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
001	O
).	O

Veno	O
-	O
venous	B-ANAT
extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenation	B-PROC
with	O
a	O
new	O
miniaturized	O
device	O
supports	O
gas	B-ENZY
transfer	O
effectively	O
,	O
allows	O
for	O
highly	O
protective	O
ventilation	O
and	O
is	O
very	O
reliable	O
.	O

Plasmodium	B-DISO
falciparum	I-DISO
malaria	B-PATH
and	O
to	O
some	O
extent	O
malaria	B-PATH
caused	O
by	O
other	O
species	B-SPEC
of	O
Plasmodium	B-SPEC
can	O
lead	O
to	O
many	O
complications	O
such	O
as	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
),	O
cerebral	B-DISO
malaria	B-PATH
,	O
acute	B-DISO
renal	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
,	O
severe	B-DISO
anemia	I-DISO
,	O
thrombocytopenia	O
,	O
and	O
bleeding	B-DISO
complications	O
.	O

There	O
has	O
been	O
significant	O
progress	O
in	O
the	O
understanding	O
of	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
of	O
severe	O
malaria	B-PATH
over	O
the	O
last	O
decade	O
.	O

Outcome	O
measures	O
were	O
days	O
on	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
,	O
days	O
required	O
in	O
ICU	O
,	O
days	O
required	O
in	O
hospital	O
,	O
incidence	O
of	O
fistulas	O
/	O
leakages	O
,	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
),	O
and	O
mortality	O
.	O

We	O
did	O
not	O
find	O
significant	O
differences	O
in	O
morbidity	O
or	O
mortality	O
when	O
we	O
compared	O
DPA	B-CHED
versus	O
diversion	O
surgical	O
treatment	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
There	O
were	O
34	O
patients	O
subjected	O
to	O
DPA	B-PRGE
and	O
78	O
to	O
diversion	O
.	O

Due	O
to	O
lack	O
of	O
effective	O
drugs	O
,	O
3C	O
(	O
pro	B-CHED
)	O
has	O
served	O
as	O
an	O
excellent	O
target	O
for	O
anti	O
-	O
viral	O
intervention	O
and	O
considerable	O
efforts	O
have	O
been	O
made	O
in	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
inhibitors	B-CHED
.	O

Readers	O
will	O
rapidly	O
gain	O
an	O
overview	O
of	O
the	O
individual	O
and	O
dual	O
3C	O
(	O
pro	B-CHED
)	O
inhibitors	B-CHED
and	O
the	O
structural	O
basis	O
for	O
discriminating	O
them	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Isolation	O
and	O
genetic	O
analysis	O
revealed	O
no	O
predominant	O
new	O
strains	O
of	O
avian	B-SPEC
infectious	I-DISO
bronchitis	I-DISO
virus	O
circulating	O
in	O
South	O
China	O
during	O
2004	O
-	O
2008	O
.	O

Patients	O
with	O
severe	O
illness	O
or	O
underlying	O
medical	O
conditions	O
that	O
increase	O
the	O
risk	O
of	O
more	O
severe	O
disease	O
should	O
be	O
treated	O
with	O
oseltamivir	B-CHED
or	O
zanamivir	B-CHED
as	O
soon	O
as	O
possible	O
,	O
without	O
waiting	O
for	O
the	O
results	O
of	O
laboratory	O
tests	O
.	O

Lung	B-ANAT
-	O
protective	O
ventilation	O
strategy	O
with	O
a	O
low	O
tidal	O
volume	O
and	O
adequate	O
pressure	O
,	O
in	O
addition	O
to	O
a	O
conservative	O
fluid	O
management	O
approach	O
,	O
is	O
recommended	O
when	O
treating	O
adult	O
patients	O
with	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

Low	O
-	O
dose	O
corticosteroids	B-CHED
may	O
be	O
considered	O
in	O
the	O
treatment	O
of	O
refractory	O
septic	B-DISO
shock	I-DISO
.	O

Although	O
the	O
evidence	O
base	O
of	O
most	O
non	O
pharmaceutical	B-CHED
interventions	O
(	O
NPIs	O
)	O
and	O
personal	O
protection	O
measures	O
is	O
debated	O
,	O
it	O
appears	O
on	O
the	O
basis	O
of	O
past	O
experience	O
that	O
NPIs	O
implemented	O
the	O
most	O
systematically	O
,	O
the	O
earliest	O
,	O
and	O
for	O
the	O
longest	O
time	O
could	O
reduce	O
overall	O
mortality	O
rates	O
and	O
spread	O
out	O
epidemic	O
peaks	O
.	O

Adequate	O
,	O
transparent	O
,	O
and	O
targeted	B-PROC
communication	O
on	O
the	O
part	O
of	O
public	O
health	O
authorities	O
would	O
be	O
also	O
of	O
crucial	O
importance	O
in	O
the	O
event	O
of	O
a	O
serious	O
influenza	O
pandemic	O
.	O

On	O
univariate	O
analysis	O
6	O
variables	O
were	O
associated	O
with	O
EOVAP	O
:	O
early	O
enteral	O
feeding	O
,	O
barbiturate	B-CHED
use	O
,	O
immunosuppression	B-PROC
,	O
mean	O
Simplified	O
Acute	O
Physiology	O
Score	O
2	O
,	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
,	O
and	O
initial	O
neurosurgery	O
procedures	O
.	O

Methicillin	B-CHED
-	O
susceptible	O
Staphylococcus	B-SPEC
aureus	I-SPEC
was	O
the	O
most	O
common	O
pathogen	O
involved	O
in	O
EOVAP	O
(	O
46	O
%).	O

Moreover	O
,	O
the	O
addition	O
of	O
vitamin	B-CHED
K3	I-CHED
before	O
and	O
after	O
LPS	B-DISO
administration	O
attenuated	O
the	O
severity	O
of	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
in	O
an	O
animal	B-SPEC
model	O
of	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
/	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
),	O
which	O
occurs	O
in	O
the	O
setting	O
of	O
acute	O
severe	O
illness	O
complicated	O
by	O
systemic	O
inflammation	B-DISO
.	O

Despite	O
marked	O
efforts	O
,	O
little	O
therapeutic	O
progress	O
has	O
been	O
made	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
mortality	O
rate	O
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
remains	O
high	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Viruses	B-SPEC
of	O
the	O
family	B-SPEC
Coronaviridae	I-SPEC
have	O
recently	O
emerged	O
through	O
zoonotic	O
transmission	O
to	O
become	O
serious	O
human	B-SPEC
pathogens	O
.	O

The	O
pathogenic	O
agent	O
responsible	O
for	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
),	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
),	O
is	O
a	O
member	O
of	O
this	O
large	O
family	B-SPEC
of	O
positive	O
-	O
strand	O
RNA	O
viruses	B-SPEC
that	O
cause	O
a	O
spectrum	O
of	O
disease	O
in	O
humans	B-SPEC
,	O
other	O
mammals	B-SPEC
,	O
and	O
birds	B-SPEC
.	O

Finally	O
,	O
we	O
show	O
that	O
GRFT	O
treatment	O
has	O
a	O
positive	O
effect	O
on	O
morbidity	O
and	O
mortality	O
in	O
a	O
lethal	O
infection	B-DISO
model	O
using	O
a	O
mouse	B-SPEC
-	O
adapted	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
and	O
also	O
specifically	O
inhibits	O
deleterious	O
aspects	O
of	O
the	O
host	B-COMP
immunological	O
response	O
to	O
SARS	B-DISO
infection	B-DISO
in	O
mammals	B-SPEC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Clearly	O
air	O
travel	O
,	O
by	O
transporting	O
infectious	B-DISO
individuals	O
from	O
one	O
geographic	O
location	O
to	O
another	O
,	O
significantly	O
affects	O
the	O
rate	O
of	O
spread	O
of	O
influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
(	O
H1N1	O
).	O

Specifically	O
,	O
0	O
-	O
1	O
infections	B-DISO
could	O
occur	O
during	O
a	O
5	O
hour	O
flight	B-PROC
,	O
1	O
-	O
3	O
during	O
an	O
11	O
hour	O
flight	B-PROC
and	O
2	O
-	O
5	O
during	O
a	O
17	O
hour	O
flight	B-PROC
.	O

Introduction	O
of	O
lysine	B-CHED
residues	O
in	O
the	O
hydrophobic	O
stretch	O
of	O
S	O
also	O
resulted	O
in	O
a	O
block	O
of	O
entry	O
,	O
suggesting	O
the	O
borders	O
of	O
the	O
actual	O
transmembrane	B-COMP
domain	O
.	O

Surprisingly	O
,	O
replacement	O
of	O
a	O
glycine	B-CHED
residue	I-CHED
,	O
situated	O
close	O
to	O
the	O
aromatic	O
domain	O
,	O
with	O
a	O
lysine	B-CHED
residue	I-CHED
was	O
tolerated	O
,	O
whereas	O
the	O
introduction	O
of	O
a	O
lysine	B-CHED
adjacent	O
to	O
the	O
glycine	B-CHED
,	O
was	O
not	O
.	O

Pharmacologic	O
strategies	O
(	O
including	O
steroids	B-CHED
)	O
investigated	O
for	O
the	O
treatment	O
of	O
severe	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
are	O
also	O
reviewed	O
.	O

Not	O
surprisingly	O
,	O
tempol	O
substantially	O
preserved	O
the	O
integrity	O
of	O
the	O
CNS	B-CHED
,	O
including	O
the	O
blood	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
brain	I-PROC
barrier	I-PROC
.	O

Furthermore	O
,	O
treatment	O
with	O
tempol	O
decreased	O
CNS	B-CHED
viral	O
titers	O
,	O
macrophage	B-ANAT
and	O
T	B-ANAT
lymphocyte	I-ANAT
infiltration	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
levels	O
of	O
markers	O
of	O
inflammation	B-DISO
,	O
such	O
as	O
expression	B-PROC
of	O
inducible	O
nitric	B-PRGE
oxide	I-PRGE
synthase	I-PRGE
,	O
transcription	B-PROC
of	O
tumor	B-PRGE
necrosis	I-PRGE
factor	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
alpha	I-PRGE
and	O
interferon	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
gamma	I-FUNC
,	O
and	O
protein	B-CHED
nitration	O
.	O

Inspiratory	B-PROC
pressure	O
at	O
the	O
beginning	O
of	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
was	O
a	O
predictor	O
of	O
mortality	O
within	O
28	O
days	O
and	O
of	O
a	O
longer	O
course	O
of	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Should	O
prone	O
positioning	O
be	O
routinely	O
used	O
for	O
lung	B-ANAT
protection	O
during	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
?	O

Day	O
100	O
cumulative	O
incidence	O
estimate	O
was	O
22	O
.	O
3	O
%	O
for	O
HRV	O
and	O
11	O
.	O
1	O
%	O
for	O
HCoV	O
.	O
Median	O
duration	O
of	O
viral	B-DISO
shedding	I-DISO
was	O
3	O
weeks	O
;	O
prolonged	O
shedding	O
of	O
at	O
least	O
3	O
months	O
occurred	O
in	O
6	O
of	O
45	O
patients	O
with	O
HRV	O
and	O
3	O
of	O
22	O
with	O
HCoV	O
.	O
Six	O
patients	O
with	O
HRV	O
and	O
9	O
with	O
HCoV	O
were	O
asymptomatic	O
.	O

In	O
October	O
2009	O
,	O
it	O
was	O
found	O
that	O
he	O
had	O
developed	O
severe	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
secondary	O
to	O
novel	O
2009	O
H1N1	B-DISO
influenza	I-DISO
virus	O
.	O

Importantly	O
,	O
the	O
initial	O
specimen	O
evaluated	O
by	O
real	O
-	O
time	O
reverse	B-PRGE
transcriptase	I-PRGE
-	O
polymerase	O
chain	O
reaction	O
was	O
negative	O
for	O
novel	O
2009	O
H1N1	B-DISO
influenza	I-DISO
virus	O
.	O

The	O
patient	O
was	O
successfully	O
weaned	B-PROC
from	O
ECMO	O
after	O
24	O
days	O
,	O
extubated	O
at	O
6	O
weeks	O
,	O
and	O
continues	O
to	O
make	O
steady	O
rehabilitative	O
progress	O
.	O

Early	O
suspicion	O
for	O
infection	B-DISO
and	O
initiation	O
of	O
treatment	O
,	O
even	O
with	O
negative	O
testing	O
,	O
is	O
essential	O
for	O
cardiothoracic	O
transplant	B-ANAT
recipients	O
during	O
the	O
current	O
pandemic	O
of	O
novel	O
2009	O
H1N1	B-DISO
influenza	I-DISO
virus	O
.	O

Thus	O
,	O
to	O
induce	O
a	O
maximal	O
protective	O
effect	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
desirable	O
to	O
apply	O
vaccines	O
by	O
the	O
mucosal	B-ANAT
route	O
where	O
virus	B-SPEC
infections	B-DISO
start	O
.	O

However	O
the	O
mucosal	B-ANAT
antigen	B-CHED
-	O
specific	B-PROC
immune	I-PROC
response	I-PROC
is	O
weak	O
because	O
most	O
protein	B-CHED
antigens	B-CHED
can	O
evoke	O
only	O
a	O
weak	O
immune	B-PROC
response	I-PROC
when	O
they	O
are	O
applied	O
mucosally	O
.	O

In	O
this	O
regards	O
,	O
we	O
have	O
created	O
a	O
mutant	B-PRGE
tumor	B-FUNC
necrosis	I-FUNC
factor	I-FUNC
-	I-PRGE
alpha	I-PRGE
(	O
TNF	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
alpha	I-PRGE
),	O
mTNF	O
-	O
K90R	O
,	O
that	O
exhibits	O
high	O
bioactivity	O
and	O
resistance	B-PROC
to	O
proteases	O
.	O

Some	O
of	O
the	O
viral	O
antigen	B-CHED
-	O
positive	O
inflammatory	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
found	O
in	O
the	O
subarachnoidal	B-ANAT
space	O
during	O
the	O
early	O
phase	O
of	O
infection	B-DISO
reacted	O
with	O
anti	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
F4	I-PRGE
/	I-PRGE
80	I-PRGE
or	O
anti	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CD11b	I-PRGE
monoclonal	I-PRGE
antibodies	I-PRGE
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
descriptive	O
distribution	O
and	O
phylogeny	O
of	O
feline	O
coronaviruses	O
(	O
FCoVs	O
)	O
were	O
studied	O
in	O
cats	B-SPEC
suspected	O
of	O
having	O
feline	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
peritonitis	I-DISO
(	O
FIP	B-DISO
)	O
in	O
Malaysia	O
.	O

Ascitic	B-ANAT
fluids	I-ANAT
and	O
/	O
or	O
biopsy	O
samples	O
were	O
subjected	O
to	O
a	O
reverse	B-PROC
transcription	I-PROC
polymerase	O
chain	O
reaction	O
(	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
)	O
targeted	B-PROC
for	O
a	O
conserved	O
region	O
of	O
3	O
'	O
untranslated	O
region	O
(	O
3	O
'	O
UTR	O
)	O
of	O
the	O
FCoV	O
genome	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
After	O
the	O
outbreak	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
in	O
Hong	O
Kong	O
,	O
the	O
importance	O
of	O
preventing	O
nosocomial	O
transmission	O
of	O
respiratory	O
viruses	B-SPEC
has	O
become	O
a	O
top	O
priority	O
in	O
infection	B-DISO
control	O
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
We	O
believe	O
that	O
cyclosporine	B-CHED
is	O
a	O
cornerstone	O
for	O
the	O
treatment	O
of	O
Still	B-DISO
'	I-DISO
s	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
.	O

The	O
imaging	O
emphasizes	O
the	O
importance	O
of	O
CT	O
angiography	O
to	O
understanding	O
the	O
three	O
-	O
dimensional	O
relationships	O
resulting	O
in	O
bronchial	B-DISO
compression	I-DISO
.	O

We	O
retrospectively	O
reviewed	O
medical	O
charts	O
and	O
laboratory	O
results	O
ofall	O
patients	O
who	O
tested	O
positively	O
for	O
H1N1	O
by	O
viral	O
polymerase	O
chain	O
reaction	O
(	O
PCR	O
)	O
on	O
nasopharyngeal	B-ANAT
smear	O
or	O
endobronchial	O
secretions	B-ANAT
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Despite	O
the	O
identification	O
of	O
severe	B-SPEC
acute	I-SPEC
respiratory	I-SPEC
syndrome	I-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
related	I-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
(	O
SARSr	O
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
in	O
Rhinolophus	B-SPEC
Chinese	O
horseshoe	B-SPEC
bats	I-SPEC
(	O
SARSr	O
-	O
Rh	O
-	O
BatCoV	O
)	O
in	O
China	O
,	O
the	O
evolutionary	O
and	O
possible	O
recombination	B-PROC
origin	O
of	O
SARSr	O
-	O
CoV	O
remains	O
undetermined	O
.	O

A	O
tagging	O
exercise	O
of	O
511	O
bats	B-SPEC
showed	O
migration	B-PROC
distances	O
from	O
1	O
.	O
86	O
to	O
17	O
km	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
lower	O
body	O
weights	O
were	O
observed	O
in	O
bats	B-SPEC
positive	O
for	O
SARSr	O
-	O
Rh	O
-	O
BatCoV	O
,	O
but	O
not	O
Rh	O
-	O
BatCoV	O
HKU2	O
.	O

Complete	O
genome	O
sequencing	O
of	O
10	O
SARSr	O
-	O
Rh	O
-	O
BatCoV	O
strains	O
showed	O
frequent	O
recombination	B-PROC
between	O
different	O
strains	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Porcine	B-SPEC
epidemic	I-SPEC
diarrhea	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
)	O
and	O
transmissible	O
gastroenteritis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
),	O
which	O
belong	O
to	O
group	O
1	O
coronaviruses	O
,	O
are	O
important	O
viral	O
pathogens	O
in	O
pigs	B-SPEC
causing	O
lethal	O
diarrhea	B-DISO
.	O

Moreover	O
,	O
the	O
only	O
APN	B-PRGE
inhibitor	B-CHED
blocking	B-DISO
the	O
protease	B-PROC
activity	I-PROC
site	O
had	O
no	O
obvious	O
negative	O
effect	O
on	O
viral	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
,	O
indicating	O
that	O
the	O
enzymatic	O
role	O
of	O
APN	B-PRGE
is	O
dispensable	O
for	O
the	O
process	O
of	O
virus	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
.	O

The	O
following	O
were	O
used	O
to	O
determine	O
patient	O
characteristics	O
:	O
sequential	O
organ	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
assessment	O
score	O
,	O
14	O
;	O
simplified	O
acute	O
physiology	O
score	O
II	O
,	O
41	O
;	O
and	O
Murray	O
score	O
,	O
4	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
with	O
reverse	B-PROC
transcription	I-PROC
-	O
PCR	O
(	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
),	O
40	O
cases	O
(	O
93	O
%)	O
were	O
positive	O
for	O
rotavirus	B-SPEC
,	O
36	O
(	O
84	O
%)	O
for	O
TAstV	O
-	O
2	O
,	O
and	O
17	O
(	O
40	O
%)	O
for	O
reovirus	B-SPEC
.	O

Biopsy	O
-	O
proven	O
acute	O
rejection	O
(>	O
or	O
=	O
grade	O
2	O
)	O
or	O
decline	O
in	O
forced	B-PROC
expiratory	I-PROC
volume	I-PROC
in	O
1	O
sec	B-CHED
>	O
or	O
=	O
20	O
%	O
occurred	O
in	O
16	O
of	O
48	O
(	O
33	O
.	O
3	O
%)	O
patients	O
within	O
3	O
months	O
of	O
RVI	O
when	O
compared	O
with	O
3	O
of	O
45	O
(	O
6	O
.	O
7	O
%)	O
RVI	O
-	O
negative	O
patients	O
within	O
a	O
comparable	O
time	O
frame	O
(	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
001	O
).	O

In	O
a	O
significant	O
percentage	O
of	O
patients	O
,	O
symptomatic	O
or	O
asymptomatic	O
viral	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
is	O
a	O
trigger	O
for	O
acute	O
rejection	O
and	O
obliterative	B-DISO
bronchiolitis	I-DISO
/	O
BOS	B-DISO
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
Community	O
-	O
acquired	O
RVIs	O
are	O
frequently	O
detected	O
in	O
BAL	B-ENZY
samples	O
from	O
lung	B-ANAT
transplant	B-ANAT
patients	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Human	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
NL63	I-SPEC
open	I-PRGE
reading	I-PRGE
frame	I-PRGE
3	I-PRGE
encodes	O
a	O
virion	B-COMP
-	O
incorporated	O
N	O
-	O
glycosylated	O
membrane	B-ANAT
protein	B-CHED
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Human	B-PRGE
pathogenic	I-PRGE
coronavirus	B-SPEC
NL63	I-PRGE
(	O
hCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
NL63	I-SPEC
)	O
is	O
a	O
group	O
1	O
(	O
alpha	O
)	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
commonly	O
associated	O
with	O
respiratory	B-DISO
tract	I-DISO
infections	I-DISO
.	O

In	O
addition	O
to	O
known	O
non	O
-	O
structural	O
and	O
structural	O
proteins	B-CHED
all	O
coronaviruses	O
have	O
one	O
or	O
more	O
accessory	O
proteins	B-CHED
whose	O
functions	O
are	O
mostly	O
unknown	O
.	O

By	O
fluorescence	O
microscopy	O
of	O
differently	O
tagged	O
envelope	B-COMP
(	O
E	O
),	O
membrane	B-COMP
(	O
M	O
)	O
and	O
nucleocapsid	B-COMP
(	O
N	O
)	O
proteins	B-CHED
it	O
was	O
shown	O
that	O
ORF	B-PRGE
3	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
colocalizes	O
extensively	O
with	O
E	O
and	O
M	O
within	O
the	O
ERGIC	B-COMP
.	O

We	O
give	O
evidence	O
that	O
ORF	B-PRGE
3	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
is	O
a	O
structural	O
N	O
-	O
glycosylated	O
and	O
virion	B-COMP
-	O
incorporated	O
protein	B-CHED
.	O

Analysis	O
of	O
purified	O
viral	B-COMP
particles	I-COMP
revealed	O
that	O
ORF	B-PRGE
3	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
is	O
incorporated	O
into	O
virions	B-COMP
and	O
is	O
therefore	O
an	O
additional	O
structural	O
protein	B-CHED
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Comparative	O
sequence	O
analysis	O
of	O
the	O
distal	O
one	O
-	O
third	O
of	O
the	O
genomes	O
of	O
a	O
systemic	O
and	O
an	O
enteric	O
ferret	B-SPEC
coronavirus	B-SPEC
.	O

Enhanced	O
macrophage	B-ANAT
tropism	B-PROC
and	O
the	O
resulting	O
induction	O
of	O
pyogranulomatous	O
lesions	O
are	O
shared	O
with	O
feline	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
peritonitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
FIPV	O
)	O
infection	B-DISO
in	O
cats	B-SPEC
,	O
but	O
are	O
not	O
features	O
of	O
ferret	B-SPEC
enteric	I-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
(	O
FRECV	O
)	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

Comparative	O
sequence	O
analysis	O
of	O
the	O
distal	O
one	O
-	O
third	O
of	O
the	O
genomes	O
of	O
one	O
FRSCV	O
and	O
one	O
FRECV	O
strain	O
showed	O
that	O
these	O
two	O
ferret	B-SPEC
coronaviruses	O
share	O
>	O
96	O
%	O
nucleotide	B-CHED
sequence	O
identities	O
in	O
the	O
membrane	B-COMP
(	O
M	O
),	O
nucleocapsid	B-COMP
(	O
N	O
)	O
and	O
non	O
-	O
structural	O
protein	B-CHED
genes	O
(	O
partial	O
polymerase	O
,	O
open	O
reading	O
frames	O
[	O
ORFs	O
]	O
3	O
and	O
7b	O
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Construction	O
of	O
an	O
implicit	O
membrane	B-COMP
environment	O
for	O
the	O
lattice	O
Monte	O
Carlo	O
simulation	O
of	O
transmembrane	B-ANAT
protein	B-CHED
.	O

It	O
was	O
found	O
that	O
the	O
coil	O
-	O
helix	O
transition	O
of	O
the	O
transmembrane	B-COMP
segment	O
occurred	O
earlier	O
than	O
the	O
coil	O
-	O
globule	O
transition	B-DISO
of	O
the	O
two	O
terminal	O
domains	O
.	O

The	O
infection	O
,	O
which	O
affects	O
younger	O
patients	O
than	O
seasonal	O
influenza	B-DISO
,	O
presents	O
most	O
often	O
under	O
a	O
benign	O
form	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Nucleic	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
amplification	B-DISO
techniques	O
have	O
improved	O
the	O
diagnostic	O
possibilities	O
in	O
respiratory	B-DISO
tract	I-DISO
infections	I-DISO
,	O
although	O
their	O
clinical	O
applicability	O
is	O
not	O
yet	O
fully	O
defined	O
.	O

The	O
aim	O
of	O
the	O
present	O
study	O
was	O
to	O
evaluate	O
the	O
diagnostic	O
performance	O
and	O
clinical	O
use	O
of	O
a	O
novel	O
multiplex	O
PCR	O
method	O
in	O
adults	O
with	O
community	O
-	O
acquired	O
respiratory	B-DISO
viral	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
,	O
and	O
the	O
impact	O
of	O
duration	O
of	O
symptoms	O
on	O
detection	O
rates	O
.	O

Nasopharyngeal	B-ANAT
swab	I-ANAT
samples	O
were	O
prospectively	O
collected	O
from	O
209	O
adult	O
outpatients	O
with	O
respiratory	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
and	O
100	O
asymptomatic	O
controls	O
.	O

The	O
two	O
deaths	B-PROC
were	O
due	O
to	O
multiorgan	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
,	O
which	O
occurred	O
while	O
the	O
patients	O
were	O
on	O
ECLS	O
.	O

Internal	O
struggle	O
consisted	O
of	O
3	O
themes	O
:	O
(	O
1	O
)	O
struggle	O
with	O
being	O
quarantined	O
,	O
(	O
2	O
)	O
struggle	O
with	O
emotional	O
turmoil	O
,	O
and	O
(	O
3	O
)	O
struggle	O
with	O
possible	O
SARS	B-DISO
diagnosis	O
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
These	O
results	O
will	O
contribute	O
to	O
sensitizing	O
health	O
care	O
professionals	O
to	O
empathize	O
with	O
quarantined	O
persons	O
while	O
providing	O
quality	O
quarantine	O
care	O
and	O
other	O
infection	B-DISO
control	O
measures	O
.	O

The	O
current	O
2009	O
influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
(	O
H1N1	O
)	O
pandemic	O
is	O
fortunately	O
not	O
associated	O
with	O
as	O
high	O
a	O
mortality	O
rate	O
as	O
the	O
avian	B-DISO
influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
(	O
H5N1	B-DISO
),	O
another	O
potential	O
pandemic	O
candidate	O
virus	B-SPEC
.	O

Regional	O
cooperation	O
with	O
the	O
Palestinian	O
Authority	O
and	O
Jordan	O
before	O
and	O
after	O
this	O
pandemic	O
influenza	B-DISO
outbreak	O
is	O
noted	O
.	O

Therefore	O
,	O
we	O
hypothesize	O
that	O
FcgammaRs	O
such	O
as	O
FcgammaRIIa	O
could	O
contribute	O
to	O
the	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
of	O
ALI	O
/	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

In	O
particular	O
,	O
it	O
provides	O
insights	O
in	O
the	O
role	O
of	O
each	O
CoV	O
-	O
induced	O
structure	O
and	O
reveals	O
that	O
LVCVs	O
are	O
ERGIC	B-COMP
/	O
Golgi	B-COMP
compartments	B-ANAT
that	O
expand	O
to	O
accommodate	O
an	O
increasing	O
production	O
of	O
viral	B-COMP
particles	I-COMP
.	O

We	O
also	O
showed	O
,	O
for	O
the	O
first	O
time	O
,	O
that	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
beta	I-PRGE
and	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
lambdas	I-PRGE
were	O
capable	O
of	O
exerting	B-PROC
previously	O
unrecognized	O
,	O
non	O
-	O
redundant	O
,	O
and	O
complementary	O
abilities	O
to	O
limit	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
replication	O
,	O
even	O
though	O
their	O
expression	B-PROC
could	O
not	O
be	O
detected	O
in	O
infected	O
2B4	O
bronchial	B-ANAT
epithelial	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
until	O
48	O
hrs	B-DISO
p	O
.	O
i	O
.	O

Collectively	O
,	O
our	O
results	O
highlight	O
the	O
mechanics	O
of	O
the	O
sequential	O
events	O
of	O
antiviral	B-CHED
signaling	B-PROC
pathway	I-PROC
/	O
s	O
triggered	O
by	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
in	O
bronchial	B-ANAT
epithelial	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
and	O
identify	O
novel	O
cellular	B-COMP
targets	O
for	O
future	O
studies	O
,	O
aiming	O
at	O
advancing	O
strategies	O
against	O
SARS	B-DISO
.	O

This	O
syndrome	B-DISO
is	O
characterized	O
by	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
signs	O
,	O
high	O
fever	B-PROC
,	O
and	O
occasional	O
sudden	B-DISO
death	I-DISO
,	O
and	O
has	O
mostly	O
been	O
observed	O
in	O
pregnant	O
alpacas	B-SPEC
(	O
Vicugna	B-SPEC
pacos	I-SPEC
),	O
although	O
all	O
signalments	O
have	O
been	O
affected	O
.	O

The	O
coronavirus	O
identity	O
was	O
confirmed	O
in	O
tissue	B-ANAT
culture	O
by	O
transmission	O
electron	O
microscopy	O
and	O
by	O
sequence	O
analysis	O
of	O
a	O
conserved	O
region	O
within	O
the	O
viral	B-COMP
genome	I-COMP
.	O

The	O
majority	O
of	O
laboratory	O
studies	O
identified	O
both	O
mask	O
types	O
as	O
having	O
a	O
range	O
of	O
filtration	O
efficiency	O
,	O
yet	O
N95	O
masks	O
afford	O
superior	O
protection	O
against	O
particles	O
of	O
a	O
similar	O
size	O
to	O
influenza	B-DISO
.	O

Later	O
,	O
the	O
disease	O
was	O
complicated	O
by	O
acute	O
adult	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
).	O

Treatment	O
with	O
antibiotics	B-CHED
(	O
erythromycin	B-CHED
,	O
rifampicin	B-CHED
,	O
azithromycin	B-CHED
)	O
combined	O
with	O
ARDS	B-DISO
treatment	O
led	O
to	O
a	O
clinical	O
recovery	O
of	O
the	O
patient	O
together	O
with	O
complete	O
resolution	O
of	O
inflammatory	O
lesions	O
seen	O
on	O
chest	B-ANAT
radiography	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Avian	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
susceptibility	O
to	O
botanical	O
oleoresins	O
and	O
essential	O
oils	O
in	O
vitro	O
and	O
in	O
vivo	O
.	O

Treatment	O
of	O
avian	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
bronchitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
IBV	B-SPEC
)	O
with	O
QR448	O
(	O
a	O
)	O
reduced	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
titer	O
as	O
measured	O
in	O
two	O
laboratory	O
host	B-COMP
systems	O
,	O
Vero	O
E6	O
cells	B-COMP
and	O
embryonating	O
eggs	O
.	O

Anti	O
-	O
IBV	B-SPEC
activity	O
of	O
QR448	O
(	O
a	O
)	O
was	O
greater	O
prior	O
to	O
virus	O
attachment	O
and	O
entry	O
indicating	O
that	O
the	O
effect	O
is	O
virucidal	O
.	O

Mean	O
patient	O
age	O
was	O
44	O
years	O
,	O
and	O
mean	O
body	B-ANAT
mass	O
index	O
was	O
25	O
.	O
7	O
kg	O
/	O
m	O
(	O
2	O
).	O

33	O
mm	O
Hg	O
)	O
and	O
a	O
mean	O
partial	O
pressure	O
of	O
carbon	B-CHED
dioxide	I-CHED
of	O
68	O
+/-	O

3	O
days	O
of	O
extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenation	B-PROC
,	O
patients	O
were	O
hemodynamically	O
stabilized	O
.	O

Twelve	O
patients	O
(	O
66	O
.	O
7	O
%)	O
could	O
be	O
weaned	B-PROC
,	O
with	O
a	O
30	O
-	O
day	O
mortality	O
of	O
55	O
.	O
6	O
%.	O

Norepinephrine	B-CHED
dosage	O
could	O
be	O
reduced	O
significantly	O
within	O
24	O
hours	O
(	O
3	O
.	O
2	O
+/-	O
1	O
.	O
8	O
versus	O
1	O
.	O
5	O
+/-	O

This	O
gave	O
a	O
simple	O
answer	O
to	O
the	O
long	O
-	O
standing	B-PROC
question	O
of	O
why	O
epidemics	O
woould	O
appear	O
suddenly	O
and	O
then	O
disappear	O
just	O
as	O
suddenly	O
without	O
having	O
infected	O
an	O
entire	O
population	O
.	O

This	O
cross	O
-	O
sectional	O
study	O
sought	O
to	O
determine	O
the	O
prevalence	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)-	O
related	O
psychiatric	O
and	O
posttraumatic	O
morbidities	O
and	O
associated	O
coping	O
styles	O
within	O
the	O
general	O
population	O
visiting	O
community	O
health	O
care	O
services	O
.	O

These	O
findings	O
could	O
potentially	O
inform	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
practical	O
community	O
mental	O
health	O
programs	O
for	O
future	O
infectious	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
outbreaks	O
.	O

Of	O
the	O
415	O
community	O
health	O
care	O
setting	O
respondents	O
,	O
we	O
found	O
significant	O
rates	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
related	O
psychiatric	O
(	O
22	O
.	O
9	O
%)	O
and	O
posttraumatic	O
morbidities	O
(	O
25	O
.	O
8	O
%).	O

In	O
order	B-SPEC
to	O
elucidate	O
the	O
possible	O
mechanism	O
responsible	O
for	O
the	O
antiviral	B-CHED
activity	O
,	O
the	O
induction	O
of	O
reactive	B-CHED
oxygen	I-CHED
species	I-CHED
(	O
ROS	B-CHED
)	O
release	B-PATH
as	O
well	O
as	O
the	O
attachment	O
ability	O
of	O
LAB	B-PRGE
on	O
the	O
cell	B-ANAT
lines	I-ANAT
was	O
investigated	O
.	O

In	O
contrast	O
,	O
the	O
ability	O
of	O
the	O
examined	O
LAB	O
strains	O
to	O
attach	O
to	O
the	O
cell	B-ANAT
line	I-ANAT
monolayers	O
was	O
LAB	O
strain	O
but	O
not	O
cell	B-ANAT
line	I-ANAT
specific	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
The	O
N	O
-	O
terminal	O
region	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
protein	B-CHED
6	O
induces	O
membrane	B-ANAT
rearrangement	B-PROC
and	O
enhances	O
virus	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
.	O

Here	O
,	O
we	O
demonstrate	O
that	O
p6	O
has	O
an	O
N	O
-	O
terminal	O
region	O
-	O
cytoplasm	B-COMP
-	O
C	O
-	O
terminal	O
region	O
-	O
cytoplasm	B-COMP
configuration	O
with	O
residues	O
2	O
to	O
37	O
likely	O
membrane	B-COMP
embedded	O
.	O

Consistent	O
with	O
a	O
role	O
in	O
virus	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
,	O
p6	O
partially	O
colocalized	O
with	O
nonstructural	O
protein	O
3	O
(	O
nsp3	B-PRGE
),	O
a	O
marker	O
for	O
virus	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
complexes	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
A	O
new	O
strain	O
of	O
H1N1	B-DISO
influenza	I-DISO
,	O
also	O
known	O
as	O
swine	B-DISO
flu	I-DISO
was	O
confirmed	O
in	O
the	O
UK	O
in	O
May	O
2009	O
and	O
has	O
spread	O
to	O
over	O
100	O
countries	O
around	O
the	O
world	O
causing	O
the	O
World	O
Health	O
Organization	O
to	O
declare	O
a	O
global	O
flu	B-DISO
pandemic	O
.	O

There	O
is	O
evidence	O
that	O
greater	O
levels	O
of	O
perceived	O
susceptibility	O
to	O
and	O
perceived	O
severity	O
of	O
the	O
diseases	O
and	O
greater	O
belief	O
in	O
the	O
effectiveness	O
of	O
recommended	O
behaviours	O
to	O
protect	O
against	O
the	O
disease	O
are	O
important	O
predictors	O
of	O
behaviour	B-PROC
.	O

There	O
is	O
also	O
evidence	O
that	O
greater	O
levels	O
of	O
state	B-DISO
anxiety	I-DISO
and	O
greater	O
trust	O
in	O
authorities	O
are	O
associated	O
with	O
behaviour	B-PROC
.	O

There	O
is	O
also	O
evidence	O
that	O
greater	O
levels	O
of	O
state	B-DISO
anxiety	I-DISO
and	O
greater	O
trust	O
in	O
authorities	O
are	O
associated	O
with	O
behaviour	B-PROC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Immunization	O
with	O
an	O
attenuated	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
deleted	O
in	O
E	O
protein	B-CHED
protects	O
against	O
lethal	O
respiratory	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
.	O

hACE2	O
Tg	O
mice	B-SPEC
,	O
which	O
express	O
the	O
human	B-PRGE
SARS	B-DISO
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
receptor	I-PRGE
,	O
are	O
extremely	O
susceptible	O
to	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
isolation	O
of	O
the	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
CoV	O
)	O
identified	O
as	O
the	O
cause	O
of	O
severe	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
and	O
the	O
detection	O
of	O
2	O
new	O
human	B-SPEC
CoVs	O
(	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
NL63	I-SPEC
and	O
HCoV	O
-	O
HKU1	O
)	O
have	O
led	O
to	O
studies	O
of	O
the	O
epidemiology	O
and	O
clinical	O
and	O
socioeconomic	O
effects	O
of	O
infections	B-DISO
caused	O
by	O
all	O
HCoVs	O
,	O
including	O
those	O
known	O
since	O
the	O
late	O
1960s	O
(	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
229E	I-SPEC
and	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
OC43	I-SPEC
).	O

HCoV	O
infections	B-DISO
can	O
be	O
associated	O
with	O
respiratory	O
and	O
extrarespiratory	O
manifestations	O
,	O
including	O
central	B-ANAT
nervous	I-ANAT
system	I-ANAT
involvement	O
.	O

Furthermore	O
,	O
unlike	O
other	O
RNA	O
viruses	B-SPEC
,	O
HCoVs	O
can	O
easily	O
mutate	B-PROC
and	O
recombine	O
when	O
different	O
strains	O
infect	O
the	O
same	O
cells	B-COMP
and	O
give	O
rise	O
to	O
a	O
novel	O
virus	B-SPEC
with	O
unpredictable	O
host	B-COMP
ranges	O
and	O
pathogenicity	O
.	O

The	O
first	O
publications	O
of	O
patients	O
admitted	O
in	O
intensive	O
care	O
unit	O
(	O
ICU	O
)	O
for	O
severe	O
influenza	O
A	O
(	O
H1N1	O
)	O
often	O
associated	O
to	O
an	O
ARDS	B-DISO
reported	O
a	O
mortality	O
rate	O
from	O
15	O
to	O
40	O
%.	O

Indeed	O
,	O
the	O
highest	O
mortality	O
rates	O
(	O
30	O
-	O
40	O
%)	O
have	O
been	O
reported	O
by	O
in	O
Mexico	O
which	O
were	O
affected	O
the	O
first	O
by	O
pandemic	O
flu	B-DISO
and	O
which	O
were	O
not	O
prepared	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Bovine	B-SPEC
coronavirus	B-SPEC
associated	O
syndromes	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
viruses	B-SPEC
responsible	O
for	O
enteric	O
and	O
respiratory	B-DISO
symptoms	I-DISO
are	O
closely	O
related	O
antigenically	O
and	O
genetically	O
.	O

During	O
a	O
six	O
week	O
period	O
in	O
the	O
fall	O
of	O
2009	O
,	O
16	O
patients	O
were	O
admitted	O
to	O
intensive	O
care	O
in	O
Iceland	O
with	O
confirmed	O
H1N1	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

12	O
needed	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
and	O
two	O
extra	O
corporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenation	B-PROC
(	O
ECMO	O
).	O

He	O
was	O
originally	O
admitted	O
for	O
an	O
elective	O
renal	B-ANAT
biopsy	O
for	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
renal	B-ANAT
pathology	B-DISO
.	O

Subcutaneous	O
low	O
molecular	O
weight	O
heparin	B-CHED
and	O
intravenous	O
methylprednisolone	B-CHED
were	O
given	O
to	O
treat	O
the	O
presumed	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
embolism	I-DISO
and	O
the	O
underlying	O
nephrotic	B-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

Our	O
data	O
in	O
tissue	B-ANAT
culture	O
indicate	O
that	O
inhibition	B-PROC
of	O
N	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
glycan	I-PROC
processing	I-PROC
may	O
be	O
considered	O
as	O
a	O
therapeutic	O
strategy	O
against	O
SARS	B-DISO
CoV	O
infections	B-DISO
.	O

Analysis	O
of	O
TB	O
programme	O
data	O
from	O
clinics	O
taking	O
part	O
in	O
two	O
consecutive	O
randomised	O
trials	O
of	O
educational	O
outreach	O
aimed	O
at	O
improving	O
respiratory	O
and	O
human	B-DISO
immunodeficiency	I-DISO
virus	I-DISO
/	O
acquired	O
immune	O
-	O
deficiency	O
syndrome	B-DISO
care	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
Practical	O
Approach	O
to	O
Lung	B-ANAT
Health	O
.	O

Interestingly	O
,	O
the	O
tree	O
topology	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
nucleotide	B-CHED
sequences	O
representing	O
the	O
S1	B-PRGE
domain	I-PRGE
or	O
the	O
S1	B-PRGE
N	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
terminal	I-PRGE
region	I-PRGE
most	O
nearly	O
resembled	O
the	O
full	O
S	O
gene	O
-	O
based	O
phylogenetic	O
tree	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Automated	O
detection	O
of	O
conformational	O
epitopes	O
using	O
phage	O
display	O
Peptide	B-CHED
sequences	O
.	O

The	O
molecular	O
pathways	B-PROC
,	O
however	O
,	O
that	O
cause	O
virus	B-SPEC
-	O
induced	O
ALI	O
/	O
ARDS	B-DISO
in	O
aged	O
individuals	O
are	O
ill	B-DISO
-	O
defined	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
In	O
Epstein	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
Barr	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
EBV	B-SPEC
)	O
negative	O
Hodgkin	B-ANAT
'	I-ANAT
s	I-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
lines	O
and	O
classical	O
EBV	B-SPEC
-	O
negative	O
Hodgkin	B-DISO
'	I-DISO
s	I-DISO
lymphoma	I-DISO
(	O
HL	O
),	O
Reed	B-ANAT
-	I-ANAT
Sternberg	I-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
(	O
RS	O
cells	B-COMP
)	O
represent	O
end	O
-	O
stage	O
tumor	B-ANAT
cells	B-COMP
,	O
in	O
which	O
further	O
nuclear	B-PROC
division	I-PROC
becomes	O
impossible	O
because	O
of	O
sustained	O
telomere	B-COMP
loss	O
,	O
shortening	O
and	O
aggregation	O
.	O

We	O
performed	O
a	O
3D	O
telomere	B-COMP
analysis	O
after	O
quantitative	O
fluorescent	O
in	O
situ	O
hybridization	B-PROC
on	O
5	O
mum	B-SPEC
tissue	B-ANAT
sections	O
on	O
two	O
LMP1	B-PRGE
-	O
expressing	O
HL	O
cases	O
and	O
showed	O
highly	O
significant	O
telomere	B-DISO
shortening	I-DISO
(	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
0001	O
)	O
and	O
formation	B-PROC
of	O
telomere	B-COMP
aggregates	O
in	O
RS	O
cells	B-COMP
(	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
0001	O
),	O
when	O
compared	O
with	O
the	O
mononuclear	O
precursor	O
Hodgkin	O
cells	B-COMP
(	O
H	O
cells	B-COMP
).	O

We	O
conclude	O
that	O
RS	O
cells	B-COMP
irrespective	O
of	O
LMP1	B-PRGE
expression	B-PROC
are	O
end	O
-	O
stage	O
tumor	B-ANAT
cells	B-COMP
in	O
which	O
the	O
extent	O
of	O
their	O
inability	O
to	O
divide	O
further	O
is	O
proportional	O
to	O
the	O
increase	O
of	O
very	O
short	O
telomeres	B-COMP
,	O
telomere	B-COMP
loss	O
,	O
aggregate	O
formation	B-PROC
and	O
the	O
generation	O
of	O
'	B-ANAT
ghost	I-ANAT
'	O
nuclei	B-CHED
.	O

Rotenone	B-CHED
or	O
1	B-CHED
-	I-CHED
methyl	I-CHED
-	I-CHED
4	I-CHED
-	I-CHED
phenyl	I-CHED
-	I-CHED
1	I-CHED
,	I-CHED
2	I-CHED
,	I-CHED
3	I-CHED
,	I-CHED
6	I-CHED
-	I-CHED
tetrahydropyridine	I-CHED
(	O
MPTP	B-CHED
)	O
inhibit	O
the	O
mitochondrial	B-PRGE
complex	B-COMP
I	I-COMP
and	O
they	O
cause	O
the	O
death	B-PROC
of	O
substantia	B-ANAT
nigra	I-ANAT
dopaminergic	B-ANAT
neurons	I-ANAT
,	O
thereby	O
providing	O
acute	O
murine	B-SPEC
models	O
of	O
Parkinson	B-PATH
'	I-PATH
s	I-PATH
disease	I-PATH
.	O

As	O
a	O
result	O
,	O
we	O
have	O
studied	O
the	O
effects	O
of	O
hexokinase	B-PRGE
II	I-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
transfer	O
in	O
vivo	O
using	O
a	O
herpes	B-SPEC
simplex	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
type	I-SPEC
1	I-SPEC
(	O
HSV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
1	I-SPEC
)	O
amplicon	O
vector	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Escape	O
from	O
human	B-SPEC
monoclonal	O
antibody	B-COMP
neutralization	O
affects	O
in	O
vitro	O
and	O
in	O
vivo	O
fitness	O
of	O
severe	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
emerged	O
as	O
a	O
human	B-SPEC
disease	O
in	O
2002	O
.	O

Detailed	O
phylogenetic	O
analysis	O
and	O
epidemiologic	O
studies	O
have	O
suggested	O
that	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
originated	O
from	O
animals	B-SPEC
.	O

Finally	O
,	O
we	O
showed	O
that	O
escape	O
from	O
neutralization	O
usually	O
attenuates	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
CoV	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
.	O

The	O
7a	O
protein	B-CHED
is	O
present	O
in	O
the	O
virus	B-COMP
particle	I-COMP
and	O
has	O
been	O
shown	O
to	O
interact	O
with	O
several	O
host	B-COMP
proteins	B-CHED
;	O
thereby	O
implicating	O
it	O
as	O
being	O
involved	O
in	O
several	O
pathogenic	O
processes	O
including	O
apoptosis	B-PATH
,	O
inhibition	B-PROC
of	O
cellular	B-COMP
protein	B-PROC
synthesis	I-PROC
,	O
and	O
activation	O
of	O
p38	B-FUNC
mitogen	B-CHED
activated	O
protein	B-ENZY
kinase	I-ENZY
.	O

Ap4A	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
hydrolase	I-PRGE
is	O
responsible	O
for	O
metabolizing	O
the	O
""""	O
allarmone	O
""""	O
nucleotide	B-CHED
Ap4A	O
and	O
therefore	O
likely	O
involved	O
in	O
regulation	B-PROC
of	I-PROC
cell	I-PROC
proliferation	B-DISO
,	O
DNA	B-PATH
replication	I-PATH
,	O
RNA	B-PROC
processing	I-PROC
,	O
apoptosis	B-PATH
and	O
DNA	B-PROC
repair	I-PROC
.	O

During	O
the	O
current	O
pandemic	O
of	O
H1N1	B-DISO
influenza	I-DISO
,	O
few	O
cases	O
of	O
H1N1	O
have	O
been	O
reported	O
in	O
pregnancy	O
.	O

Other	O
measures	O
included	O
traffic	O
control	O
in	O
the	O
emergency	B-DISO
department	O
(	O
19	O
%),	O
availability	O
of	O
an	O
outbreak	O
standard	O
operation	O
protocol	O
(	O
12	O
%),	O
mandatory	O
temperature	O
screening	O
(	O
9	O
%),	O
establishing	O
a	O
hand	O
washing	O
setup	O
at	O
each	O
hospital	O
checkpoint	B-PROC
(	O
3	O
%),	O
adding	O
simplified	O
isolation	O
rooms	O
(	O
3	O
%),	O
and	O
a	O
standardized	O
patient	O
transfer	O
protocol	O
(	O
3	O
%).	O

Illness	O
severity	O
was	O
measured	O
using	O
score	O
for	O
neonatal	O
acute	O
physiology	O
(	O
SNAP	B-FUNC
).	O

There	O
was	O
also	O
an	O
inverse	O
correlation	O
between	O
lowest	O
measured	O
fT	O
(	O
4	O
)	O
and	O
highest	O
mean	O
airway	B-ANAT
pressure	O
,	O
oxygenation	B-PROC
index	O
,	O
and	O
A	O
-	O
a	O
gradient	O
.	O

K2p170	O
also	O
had	O
no	O
virulence	B-PROC
reversion	O
after	O
five	O
back	B-ANAT
passages	O
in	O
chickens	B-SPEC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Coronavirus	B-SPEC
membrane	B-COMP
(	O
M	O
)	O
protein	B-CHED
can	O
form	O
virus	B-ANAT
-	I-ANAT
like	I-ANAT
particles	I-ANAT
(	O
VLPs	B-ANAT
)	O
when	O
coexpressed	O
with	O
nucleocapsid	B-PRGE
(	I-PRGE
N	I-PRGE
)	I-PRGE
or	I-PRGE
envelope	B-COMP
(	I-PRGE
E	I-PRGE
)	I-PRGE
proteins	B-CHED
,	O
suggesting	O
a	O
pivotal	O
role	O
for	O
M	O
in	O
virion	B-PROC
assembly	I-PROC
.	O

Fusion	O
proteins	O
containing	O
M	O
amino	O
-	O
terminal	O
50	O
residues	O
encompassing	O
the	O
first	O
transmembrane	B-COMP
domain	O
were	O
found	O
to	O
be	O
sufficient	O
for	O
membrane	B-COMP
binding	B-FUNC
,	O
multimerization	O
,	O
and	O
Golgi	B-COMP
retention	B-PROC
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
GBS	B-DISO
affected	O
predominantly	O
young	O
adult	O
males	O
living	O
in	O
rural	O
areas	O
.	O

In	O
ALI	O
/	O
ARDS	B-DISO
patients	O
,	O
SP	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
D	I-PRGE
and	O
KL	O
-	O
6	O
levels	O
increased	O
over	O
time	O
,	O
which	O
was	O
attenuated	O
by	O
lung	B-ANAT
-	O
protective	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
using	O
lower	O
tidal	O
volumes	O
(	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
02	O
for	O
both	O
biological	O
markers	O
).	O

The	O
Delphi	O
technique	O
was	O
employed	O
,	O
which	O
comprised	O
a	O
pilot	O
round	O
,	O
two	O
written	O
rounds	O
and	O
a	O
face	B-DISO
-	O
to	O
-	O
face	B-DISO
meeting	O
.	O

The	O
typical	O
histopathological	O
features	O
of	O
syndrome	B-DISO
overlapping	O
the	O
first	O
exudative	O
phase	O
into	O
the	O
second	O
proliferate	O
phase	O
were	O
observed	O
.	O

The	O
genomic	O
organizations	O
of	O
many	O
other	O
frameshifting	O
viruses	B-SPEC
,	O
including	O
the	O
coronaviruses	O
,	O
are	O
very	O
different	O
,	O
in	O
that	O
their	O
upstream	O
open	O
reading	O
frames	O
encode	O
nonstructural	O
proteins	B-CHED
,	O
the	O
frameshift	B-DISO
-	O
dependent	O
downstream	O
open	O
reading	O
frames	O
encode	O
enzymes	O
involved	O
in	O
transcription	B-PROC
and	O
replication	O
,	O
and	O
their	O
structural	O
proteins	B-CHED
are	O
encoded	O
by	O
subgenomic	O
mRNAs	O
.	O

Second	O
,	O
a	O
series	O
of	O
frameshift	B-DISO
-	O
promoting	O
mRNA	B-CHED
pseudoknot	O
mutants	O
was	O
employed	O
to	O
demonstrate	O
that	O
the	O
frameshift	B-DISO
signals	O
of	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
associated	I-DISO
coronavirus	I-DISO
and	O
mouse	B-DISO
hepatitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
have	O
evolved	O
to	O
promote	O
optimal	O
frameshift	B-DISO
efficiencies	O
.	O

In	O
the	O
present	O
contribution	O
,	O
functional	O
aspects	O
of	O
the	O
target	O
proteases	O
,	O
their	O
structural	O
properties	O
,	O
drug	O
design	O
strategies	O
,	O
resulting	O
inhibitors	B-CHED
,	O
and	O
resistance	B-PROC
management	O
are	O
reviewed	O
and	O
discussed	O
by	O
means	O
of	O
the	O
four	O
essential	O
representative	O
cases	O
of	O
HIV	B-DISO
,	O
HCV	B-SPEC
,	O
SARS	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
,	O
and	O
the	O
flaviviruses	B-SPEC
Dengue	B-DISO
and	O
West	B-DISO
Nile	I-DISO
virus	I-DISO
.	O

We	O
report	O
a	O
case	O
of	O
life	O
-	O
threatening	O
amniotic	B-DISO
fluid	I-DISO
embolism	I-DISO
,	O
where	O
chest	B-ANAT
CT	O
in	O
the	O
acute	O
phase	O
was	O
obtained	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Neutralizing	O
epitopes	O
of	O
the	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
S	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
cluster	I-PRGE
independent	O
of	O
repertoire	O
,	O
antigen	B-CHED
structure	O
or	O
mAb	O
technology	O
.	O

The	O
genome	O
of	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
was	O
not	O
detected	O
after	O
the	O
amplification	B-DISO
step	O
but	O
it	O
was	O
detected	O
in	O
the	O
second	O
round	O
of	O
PCR	O
,	O
yielding	O
amplicon	O
with	O
size	O
of	O
291	O
bp	O
.	O

Multiplex	O
nested	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
can	O
detect	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
,	O
PRV	B-DISO
-	O
A	O
,	O
and	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
up	O
to	O
concentration	O
10	O
(	O
2	O
)	O
TCID	O
(	O
50	O
)/	O
mL	O
,	O
10	O
(	O
1	O
)	O
TCID	O
(	O
50	O
)/	O
mL	O
,	O
and	O
27	O
.	O
2	O
microg	O
/	O
microl	O
of	O
RNA	O
,	O
respectively	O
.	O

Fifty	O
-	O
six	O
patients	O
have	O
been	O
transplanted	B-ANAT
with	O
a	O
5	O
-	O
year	O
survival	O
of	O
55	O
%.	O

Eighteen	O
(	O
32	O
%)	O
developed	O
BOS	B-DISO
,	O
at	O
a	O
mean	O
age	O
at	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
57	O
years	O
(	O
range	O
16	O
-	O
74	O
).	O

The	O
main	O
cause	O
of	O
death	B-PROC
was	O
respiratory	B-DISO
insufficiency	I-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Significance	O
of	O
nitric	B-CHED
oxide	I-CHED
inhalation	B-PROC
(	O
NO	O
)	O
in	O
preterm	O
infants	O
<	O
34	O
weeks	O
of	O
gestation	B-PROC
].	O

However	O
,	O
early	O
prophylactic	O
use	O
of	O
iNO	B-PRGE
in	O
preterm	O
infants	O
with	O
respiratory	B-DISO
distress	I-DISO
seems	O
to	O
improve	O
survival	O
without	O
BPD	B-DISO
or	O
severe	O
cerebral	B-ANAT
damage	O
.	O

It	O
is	O
caused	O
by	O
a	O
mutated	O
,	O
highly	O
contagious	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
,	O
and	O
it	O
is	O
more	O
common	O
in	O
indoor	O
cats	B-SPEC
in	O
multicat	O
households	O
.	O

This	O
paper	O
presents	O
a	O
subset	O
of	O
data	O
from	O
a	O
programme	O
of	O
research	O
which	O
examined	O
various	O
stakeholder	O
experiences	O
of	O
the	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
outbreaks	O
of	O
2003	O
.	O

Twenty	O
-	O
one	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
21	O
)	O
child	O
and	O
adolescent	O
participants	O
were	O
interviewed	O
from	O
a	O
variety	O
of	O
medical	O
areas	O
including	O
cardiac	B-ANAT
(	O
n	O
=	O
2	O
),	O
critical	O
care	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
2	O
),	O
organ	B-ANAT
transplant	I-ANAT
(	O
n	O
=	O
4	O
),	O
respiratory	O
medicine	B-CHED
(	O
n	O
=	O
8	O
)	O
and	O
infectious	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
(	O
patients	O
diagnosed	O
with	O
suspected	O
or	O
probable	O
SARS	O
;	O
n	O
=	O
5	O
).	O

PCV2	O
,	O
M	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
hyopneumoniae	I-SPEC
,	O
M	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
hyorhinis	I-SPEC
and	O
Pasteurella	B-SPEC
multocida	I-SPEC
were	O
detected	O
most	O
frequently	O
among	O
the	O
PRDC	O
affected	O
swine	B-SPEC
and	O
the	O
diversity	O
and	O
number	O
of	O
pathogens	O
were	O
higher	O
in	O
these	O
animals	B-SPEC
compared	O
with	O
controls	O
.	O

One	O
such	O
multifunctional	O
domain	O
is	O
the	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
papain	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
like	I-PRGE
protease	I-PRGE
(	O
PLP	B-PRGE
),	O
which	O
processes	O
the	O
viral	B-PRGE
replicase	I-PRGE
polyprotein	I-PRGE
,	O
has	O
deubiquitinating	B-PROC
(	O
DUB	O
)	O
activity	O
,	O
and	O
antagonizes	O
the	O
induction	O
of	O
type	O
I	O
interferon	B-PRGE
(	O
IFN	B-PRGE
).	O

Group	O
3	O
was	O
used	O
as	O
a	O
control	O
and	O
inoculated	O
with	O
sterile	B-DISO
PBS	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
results	O
showed	O
that	O
no	O
distinct	O
pathological	O
changes	O
were	O
found	O
in	O
chick	O
embryos	O
after	O
they	O
were	O
inoculated	O
with	O
SIAMP	O
-	O
IBV	B-SPEC
intermixture	O
and	O
the	O
mortality	O
was	O
reduced	O
remarkably	O
compared	O
with	O
the	O
IBV	B-SPEC
-	O
infected	O
group	O
.	O

These	O
results	O
indicated	O
that	O
SIAMP	O
can	O
inhibit	O
virus	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
and	O
reduce	O
tissue	B-ANAT
injury	O
caused	O
by	O
IBV	B-SPEC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Delayed	O
onset	O
of	O
severe	O
neonatal	O
toxoplasmosis	B-PATH
.	O

Most	O
recently	O
,	O
an	O
inhalable	O
insulin	O
formulation	O
was	O
shown	O
to	O
effectively	O
reduce	O
glucose	B-CHED
concentrations	O
with	O
minimal	O
impact	O
on	O
long	O
-	O
term	O
pulmonary	B-PROC
function	I-PROC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
study	O
tested	O
the	O
model	O
of	O
perceived	O
support	O
from	O
medical	O
staff	O
and	O
family	O
/	O
friends	O
on	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
survivors	O
'	O
mental	O
health	O
as	O
mediated	O
by	O
self	O
-	O
care	O
self	O
-	O
efficacy	O
.	O

The	O
study	O
is	O
the	O
first	O
attempt	O
in	O
understanding	O
long	O
-	O
term	O
psychological	B-DISO
adjustment	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
survivors	O
.	O

The	O
patient	O
responded	O
to	O
pulse	B-PROC
steroid	B-CHED
therapy	O
and	O
recovered	O
from	O
severe	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
.	O

To	O
the	O
best	O
of	O
our	O
knowledge	O
,	O
this	O
is	O
the	O
first	O
report	O
describing	O
the	O
details	O
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
following	O
PCT	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Severe	O
H1N1	O
-	O
Associated	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
:	O
A	O
case	O
series	O
.	O

We	O
investigated	O
the	O
detection	O
rate	O
and	O
epidemiological	O
features	O
of	O
infection	B-DISO
with	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
in	O
children	O
receiving	O
hospital	O
care	O
for	O
acute	O
gastro	B-ANAT
-	O
enteritis	B-DISO
in	O
Maddina	O
,	O
Saudi	O
Arabia	O
.	O

Especially	O
patients	O
with	O
the	O
obesity	B-DISO
hypoventilation	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
OHS	B-DISO
)	O
will	O
have	O
frequent	O
night	O
time	O
desaturations	O
of	O
significant	O
duration	O
below	O
50	O
%	O
Sa	O
O	O
(	O
2	O
),	O
but	O
do	O
still	O
cope	O
with	O
their	O
daytime	O
jobs	O
.	O

The	O
latter	O
is	O
mainly	O
being	O
determined	O
by	O
oxygen	B-CHED
delivery	O
(	O
DO2	O
)	O
which	O
is	O
being	O
calculated	O
by	O
multiplying	O
cardiac	B-ANAT
output	O
(	O
CO	O
)	O
and	O
oxygen	B-PROC
content	I-PROC
(	O
CaO2	B-CHED
).	O

In	O
case	O
of	O
acute	O
hypoxemia	O
that	O
evolves	O
within	O
minutes	O
the	O
organism	O
can	O
shift	O
the	O
oxygen	B-FUNC
binding	I-FUNC
curve	O
by	O
changing	O
2	O
-	O
3	O
-	O
DGP	O
erythrocytic	B-ANAT
activity	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
In	O
patients	O
with	O
central	O
lung	B-DISO
cancer	B-SPEC
,	O
lobectomy	O
can	O
be	O
achieved	O
without	O
pneumonectomy	O
by	O
surgical	O
reconstruction	O
of	O
the	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
artery	I-ANAT
(	O
PA	O
).	O

In	O
our	O
series	O
,	O
PA	O
reconstruction	O
with	O
end	O
-	O
to	O
-	O
end	O
anastomosis	B-DISO
was	O
performed	O
in	O
18	O
patients	O
(	O
52	O
.	O
9	O
%).	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
In	O
our	O
department	O
,	O
PA	O
reconstruction	O
has	O
been	O
more	O
frequently	O
and	O
actively	O
performed	O
for	O
patients	O
with	O
central	O
lung	B-DISO
cancer	B-SPEC
,	O
especially	O
for	O
some	O
patients	O
with	O
a	O
lower	O
lobe	B-ANAT
tumor	B-DISO
.	O

Chickenpox	B-DISO
in	O
adults	O
causes	O
severe	O
systemic	O
manifestations	O
leading	O
to	O
high	O
frequency	O
of	O
complications	O
with	O
increased	O
mortality	O
rate	O
,	O
particularly	O
in	O
the	O
older	O
age	O
group	O
and	O
in	O
smokers	O
who	O
develops	O
varicella	B-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
and	O
require	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Analysis	O
of	O
the	O
gene	O
3	O
region	O
sequences	O
of	O
Chinese	O
field	O
strains	O
of	O
Transmissible	O
gastroenteritis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
.	O

In	O
addition	O
,	O
this	O
study	O
indicated	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
different	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
strains	O
within	O
the	O
same	O
pig	B-SPEC
herds	O
in	O
China	O
.	O

Structure	O
probing	O
confirmed	O
the	O
existence	O
of	O
these	O
hairpins	O
in	O
the	O
group	O
I	O
Human	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
-	O
229E	O
and	O
the	O
group	O
II	O
Severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
).	O

On	O
admission	O
,	O
patients	O
had	O
severe	O
hypoxemia	O
(	O
Pa	O
(	O
O	O
(	O
2	O
))/	O
Fi	O
(	O
O	O
(	O
2	O
))	O
140	O
[	O
87	O
-	O
200	O
]),	O
extensive	O
lung	B-ANAT
radiologic	O
infiltrates	B-DISO
(	O
2	O
.	O
87	O
+/-	O

In	O
addition	O
,	O
other	O
diseases	O
such	O
as	O
malaria	B-PATH
,	O
tuberculosis	B-PATH
,	O
and	O
bacterial	B-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
are	O
increasingly	O
resistant	O
to	O
antimicrobial	B-CHED
treatment	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Study	O
on	O
the	O
influences	O
of	O
palindromes	O
in	O
protein	B-CHED
coding	O
sequences	O
on	O
the	O
folding	O
rates	O
of	O
peptide	B-CHED
chains	O
.	O

The	O
results	O
indicated	O
that	O
the	O
folding	O
rates	O
show	O
significant	O
positive	O
linear	O
correlation	O
for	O
alpha	O
-	O
helices	B-SPEC
and	O
negative	O
linear	O
correlation	O
for	O
beta	O
-	O
strands	O
with	O
the	O
average	O
polarities	O
.	O

Our	O
analysis	O
indicated	O
that	O
this	O
kind	O
of	O
effects	O
mostly	O
comes	O
from	O
the	O
information	O
palindrome	O
structure	O
itself	O
or	O
from	O
the	O
synonymous	O
codon	O
usage	O
,	O
but	O
not	O
from	O
the	O
translation	B-PROC
information	O
from	O
codons	O
to	O
amino	B-CHED
acids	I-CHED
.	O

The	O
report	O
prepared	O
by	O
the	O
study	O
group	O
was	O
discussed	O
by	O
members	O
of	O
Working	O
Groups	O
who	O
met	B-CHED
three	O
times	O
in	O
Italy	O
.	O

We	O
present	O
a	O
comparative	O
epidemiologic	O
analysis	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
,	O
based	O
on	O
an	O
integrated	O
dataset	O
with	O
3	O
,	O
336	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
from	O
Hong	O
Kong	O
,	O
Beijing	O
and	O
Taiwan	O
,	O
epidemiological	O
and	O
clinical	O
characteristics	O
such	O
as	O
incubation	O
,	O
onset	O
-	O
to	O
-	O
admission	O
,	O
onset	O
-	O
to	O
-	O
discharge	B-ANAT
and	O
onset	O
-	O
to	O
-	O
death	B-PROC
periods	B-PROC
,	O
case	O
fatality	O
ratios	O
(	O
CFRs	O
)	O
and	O
presenting	O
symptoms	O
are	O
described	O
and	O
compared	O
between	O
regions	O
.	O

Our	O
findings	O
underline	O
the	O
importance	O
of	O
a	O
common	O
data	O
collection	O
platform	O
,	O
especially	O
in	O
an	O
emerging	O
epidemic	O
,	O
in	O
order	B-SPEC
to	O
identify	O
and	O
explain	O
consistencies	O
and	O
differences	O
in	O
the	O
eventual	O
clinical	O
and	O
public	O
health	O
outcomes	O
of	O
infectious	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
outbreaks	O
,	O
which	O
is	O
becoming	O
increasingly	O
important	O
in	O
our	O
highly	O
interconnected	O
world	O
.	O

Presence	O
of	O
pre	O
-	O
existing	O
comorbid	O
conditions	O
was	O
also	O
associated	O
with	O
greater	O
mortality	O
(	O
AOR	B-FUNC
:	O
1	O
.	O
74	O
;	O
95	O
%	O
confidence	O
interval	O
:	O
1	O
.	O
36	O
,	O
2	O
.	O
21	O
).	O

We	O
show	O
that	O
Tregs	O
dampen	O
the	O
inflammatory	B-DISO
response	I-DISO
mediated	O
by	O
transferred	O
JHMV	O
-	O
immune	O
splenocytes	O
in	O
infected	O
RAG1	O
(-/-)	O
mice	B-SPEC
by	O
decreasing	O
T	B-PROC
cell	I-PROC
proliferation	B-DISO
,	O
dendritic	B-ANAT
cell	B-COMP
activation	O
,	O
and	O
proinflammatory	O
cytokine	O
/	O
chemokine	B-PROC
production	I-PROC
,	O
without	O
inducing	O
apoptosis	B-PATH
.	O

The	O
response	O
(	O
or	O
output	O
)	O
of	O
interest	O
is	O
the	O
control	O
reproduction	B-PROC
number	O
,	O
which	O
is	O
an	O
epidemiological	O
threshold	O
governing	O
the	O
persistence	O
or	O
elimination	B-PROC
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
in	O
a	O
given	O
population	O
.	O

QYD	O
could	O
markedly	O
improve	O
the	O
prognosis	O
of	O
SAP	O
patients	O
by	O
way	O
of	O
lowering	O
the	O
blood	B-ANAT
levels	O
of	O
TNF	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
alpha	I-PRGE
,	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
6	I-FUNC
and	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
8	I-FUNC
.	O

In	O
addition	O
,	O
the	O
efficacy	O
in	O
the	O
treated	O
group	O
was	O
also	O
superior	O
to	O
that	O
in	O
the	O
control	O
group	O
in	O
terms	O
of	O
reducing	O
mortality	O
,	O
operation	O
transferring	O
rate	O
,	O
and	O
blood	B-ANAT
levels	O
of	O
TNF	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
alpha	I-PRGE
,	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
6	I-FUNC
and	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
8	I-FUNC
on	O
the	O
7th	O
and	O
9th	O
day	O
(	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
A	O
simple	O
and	O
rapid	O
strip	O
test	O
for	O
detection	O
of	O
antibodies	B-COMP
to	O
avian	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
bronchitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
.	O

The	O
detection	O
time	O
of	O
IBV	B-PRGE
IgG	I-PRGE
by	O
the	O
GICA	O
was	O
less	O
than	O
10	O
min	O
,	O
whereas	O
the	O
HI	O
test	O
and	O
the	O
enzyme	O
-	O
linked	O
immunosorbent	O
assay	O
(	O
ELISA	O
)	O
require	O
1	O
-	O
2	O
hr	O
.	O

3	O
.	O
126	O
APL	B-DISO
,	O
IgG	O
at	O
5	O
.	O
184	O
+/-	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Cell	B-ANAT
entry	O
mechanisms	O
of	O
coronaviruses	O
].	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Mathematical	O
modeling	O
can	O
be	O
used	O
for	O
the	O
development	O
and	O
implementation	O
of	O
infection	B-DISO
control	O
policy	O
to	O
combat	B-CHED
outbreaks	O
and	O
epidemics	O
of	O
communicable	O
viral	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
.	O

This	O
provides	O
insights	O
in	O
the	O
strengths	O
,	O
limitations	O
,	O
and	O
weaknesses	B-DISO
of	O
the	O
various	O
models	O
,	O
and	O
demonstrates	O
their	O
potential	O
for	O
supporting	O
policy	O
and	O
decision	O
making	O
.	O

This	O
study	O
was	O
designed	O
to	O
explore	O
the	O
efficacy	O
of	O
dual	O
short	O
hairpin	O
RNA	O
(	O
shRNA	O
)	O
interference	O
with	O
fgl2	B-PRGE
and	O
TNFR1	B-PRGE
in	O
the	O
treatment	O
of	O
murine	B-DISO
hepatitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
strain	O
3	O
(	O
MHV	B-SPEC
-	O
3	O
)-	O
induced	O
fulminant	B-DISO
hepatitis	I-DISO
in	O
mice	B-SPEC
.	O

In	O
vivo	O
hydrodynamic	O
delivery	O
of	O
dual	O
-	O
interference	O
shRNA	O
plasmids	O
for	O
mfgl2	O
and	O
mTNFR1	O
significantly	O
decreased	O
mfgl2	O
and	O
mTNFR1	O
expression	B-PROC
;	O
markedly	O
ameliorated	O
fibrin	B-DISO
deposition	I-DISO
,	O
hepatocyte	B-ANAT
necrosis	B-PROC
,	O
and	O
apoptosis	B-PATH
;	O
and	O
prolonged	O
survival	O
against	O
fulminant	O
viral	B-DISO
hepatitis	I-DISO
induced	O
by	O
MHV	B-SPEC
-	O
3	O
in	O
BALB	O
/	O
cJ	O
mice	B-SPEC
compared	O
with	O
mfgl2	O
or	O
TNFR1	B-PRGE
single	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
interference	O
.	O

The	O
results	O
showed	O
that	O
the	O
rAd	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
S1	I-PRGE
led	O
to	O
dramatic	O
augmentation	O
of	O
humoral	O
and	O
cellular	B-COMP
responses	O
in	O
birds	B-SPEC
vaccinated	O
in	O
ovo	B-SPEC
followed	O
by	O
an	O
intramuscular	O
inoculation	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
novel	O
influenza	O
A	O
(	O
H1N1	O
)	O
pandemic	O
affected	O
South	O
Africa	O
late	O
during	O
the	O
2009	O
Southern	O
hemisphere	O
winter	O
and	O
placed	O
an	O
extra	O
burden	O
on	O
a	O
health	O
care	O
system	O
already	O
dealing	O
with	O
a	O
high	O
prevalence	O
of	O
chronic	O
lung	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
and	O
human	B-DISO
immunodeficiency	I-DISO
virus	I-DISO
(	O
HIV	B-DISO
)	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

Of	O
these	O
,	O
15	O
were	O
female	O
and	O
16	O
had	O
identifiable	O
risk	O
factors	O
for	O
severe	O
disease	O
,	O
including	O
pregnancy	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
6	O
),	O
type	B-DISO
2	I-DISO
diabetes	I-DISO
mellitus	I-DISO
(	O
n	O
=	O
6	O
),	O
obesity	B-DISO
(	O
n	O
=	O
4	O
),	O
HIV	B-PATH
infection	I-PATH
(	O
n	O
=	O
3	O
),	O
immunosuppressive	O
therapy	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
3	O
)	O
and	O
active	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
tuberculosis	B-PATH
(	O
n	O
=	O
2	O
).	O

In	O
the	O
present	O
work	O
,	O
the	O
authors	O
investigated	O
an	O
outbreak	O
of	O
enteritis	B-DISO
in	O
puppies	O
from	O
a	O
Greek	O
kennel	O
for	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
CCoV	O
.	O
Dogs	B-SPEC
were	O
presented	O
with	O
clinical	O
signs	O
of	O
diarrhea	B-DISO
,	O
anorexia	B-DISO
,	O
weakness	B-DISO
,	O
depression	B-DISO
,	O
dehydration	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
1	O
death	B-PROC
.	O

Positive	O
sera	B-COMP
were	O
obtained	O
from	O
6	O
-	O
week	O
-	O
old	O
,	O
female	O
C57BL	O
/	O
6JJcl	O
mice	B-SPEC
inoculated	O
orally	B-ANAT
with	O
MNV	O
-	O
S7	O
.	O

We	O
also	O
used	O
this	O
ELISA	O
system	O
to	O
evaluate	O
77	O
murine	B-SPEC
serum	B-COMP
samples	O
obtained	O
from	O
15	O
conventional	O
mouse	B-SPEC
rooms	O
in	O
research	O
facilities	O
in	O
Japan	O
and	O
found	O
that	O
approximately	O
half	O
of	O
the	O
serum	B-COMP
samples	O
contained	O
antibody	B-COMP
to	O
MNV	O
-	O
S7	O
.	O

The	O
results	O
suggest	O
that	O
the	O
MNV	O
infection	B-DISO
is	O
more	O
prevalent	O
than	O
other	O
infections	B-DISO
such	O
as	O
mouse	B-DISO
hepatitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
and	O
Mycoplasma	B-SPEC
pulmonis	I-SPEC
in	O
conventional	O
mouse	B-SPEC
colonies	O
in	O
Japan	O
,	O
as	O
is	O
the	O
case	O
in	O
other	O
areas	O
of	O
the	O
world	O
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
The	O
method	O
is	O
practical	O
for	O
rating	O
the	O
severity	O
of	O
an	O
infectious	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
outbreak	O
,	O
though	O
it	O
should	O
be	O
optimized	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Assessment	O
of	O
the	O
risks	O
posed	O
by	O
severe	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
on	O
surfaces	O
requires	O
data	O
on	O
survival	O
of	O
this	O
virus	B-SPEC
on	O
environmental	O
surfaces	O
and	O
on	O
how	O
survival	O
is	O
affected	O
by	O
environmental	O
variables	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
air	B-CHED
temperature	O
(	O
AT	O
)	O
and	O
relative	O
humidity	O
(	O
RH	O
).	O

The	O
Chinese	O
vaccine	O
strain	O
H165	O
of	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
was	O
derived	O
from	O
a	O
virulent	O
field	O
strain	O
H16	O
by	O
serial	O
passage	O
in	O
vitro	O
.	O

Data	O
from	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
outbreak	O
illustrated	O
that	O
if	O
hospitals	O
are	O
seen	O
as	O
sources	O
of	O
contagion	O
,	O
many	O
patients	O
with	O
non	O
-	O
bioterrorism	O
-	O
related	O
healthcare	O
needs	O
may	O
delay	O
seeking	O
help	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
A	O
potent	O
,	O
prolonged	O
inhibition	B-PROC
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
replication	O
in	O
Calu	O
-	O
3	O
cells	B-COMP
with	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
alfacon	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
was	O
observed	O
.	O

Surprisingly	O
,	O
the	O
recombinant	B-PRGE
N	I-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
is	O
found	O
in	O
all	O
of	O
tested	O
TW	O
IBV	B-SPEC
isolates	O
,	O
suggesting	O
that	O
a	O
recombination	B-PROC
event	O
gave	O
origin	O
to	O
a	O
founder	B-DISO
lineage	O
.	O

The	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
mtDNA	B-COMP
-	O
associated	O
Leigh	B-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
is	O
established	O
clinically	O
in	O
a	O
proband	O
with	O
progressive	O
neurologic	O
disease	O
with	O
motor	O
and	O
intellectual	O
developmental	B-DISO
delay	I-DISO
,	O
signs	B-DISO
and	I-DISO
symptoms	I-DISO
of	O
brain	B-ANAT
stem	I-ANAT
and	O
/	O
or	O
basal	B-DISO
ganglia	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
,	O
raised	O
lactate	B-CHED
concentration	O
in	O
blood	B-ANAT
and	O
/	O
or	O
cerebrospinal	B-ANAT
fluid	I-ANAT
,	O
and	O
any	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
following	O
:	O
Characteristic	O
features	O
on	O
brain	B-ANAT
imaging	O
.	O

In	O
most	O
cases	O
,	O
the	O
mother	O
has	O
a	O
much	O
lower	O
proportion	O
of	O
abnormal	O
mtDNA	B-COMP
than	O
the	O
proband	O
and	O
usually	O
remains	O
asymptomatic	O
or	O
develops	O
only	O
mild	O
symptoms	O
.	O

In	O
critically	B-DISO
ill	I-DISO
patients	O
with	O
pandemic	O
H1N1	O
,	O
kidney	B-ANAT
injury	O
,	O
kidney	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
,	O
and	O
the	O
need	O
for	O
dialysis	B-SPEC
are	O
common	O
and	O
associated	O
with	O
an	O
increase	O
in	O
mortality	O
and	O
length	O
of	O
intensive	O
care	O
unit	O
stay	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
The	O
pandemic	O
H1N1	O
group	O
was	O
composed	O
of	O
50	O
critically	B-DISO
ill	I-DISO
patients	O
with	O
pandemic	O
H1N1	O
with	O
severe	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
(	O
47	O
confirmed	O
cases	O
,	O
3	O
probable	O
).	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
methods	O
of	O
repeated	O
immunization	O
with	O
inactivated	O
vaccines	O
have	O
been	O
used	O
widely	O
to	O
increase	O
antibody	B-COMP
protection	O
against	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
IBV	B-SPEC
).	O

The	O
chickens	B-SPEC
were	O
immunized	O
primely	O
on	O
day	O
7	O
and	O
boosted	O
2	O
weeks	O
later	O
.	O

After	O
that	O
,	O
distribution	O
of	O
the	O
DNA	O
vaccine	O
in	O
vivo	O
,	O
the	O
percentage	O
of	O
CD4	B-PRGE
+	I-PRGE
CD3	I-PRGE
+	I-PRGE
and	O
CD8	B-PRGE
+	I-PRGE
CD3	I-PRGE
+	I-PRGE
subgroups	O
of	O
peripheral	B-ANAT
blood	I-ANAT
T	B-ANAT
-	I-ANAT
lymphocytes	I-ANAT
,	O
and	O
the	O
specific	O
IgG	B-PRGE
and	O
virus	B-SPEC
neutralizing	O
antibodies	B-COMP
were	O
measured	O
.	O

The	O
results	O
demonstrated	O
that	O
priming	O
with	O
a	O
DNA	B-PRGE
vaccine	I-PRGE
encoding	I-PRGE
nucleocapsid	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
(	O
pVAX1	O
-	O
N	O
)	O
and	O
boosting	O
with	O
the	O
inactivated	O
IBV	B-SPEC
vaccine	O
led	O
to	O
the	O
dramatic	O
augmentation	O
of	O
humoral	O
and	O
cellular	B-COMP
responses	O
,	O
and	O
provided	O
up	O
to	O
86	O
.	O
7	O
%	O
rate	O
of	O
immune	O
protection	O
,	O
providing	O
an	O
effective	O
approach	O
to	O
protect	O
chickens	B-SPEC
from	O
IBV	B-SPEC
.	O

Currently	O
,	O
we	O
are	O
investigating	O
immune	O
and	O
endocrine	B-CHED
interactions	O
in	O
the	O
chicken	B-SPEC
,	O
in	O
particular	O
the	O
cells	B-COMP
and	O
molecules	O
that	O
are	O
known	O
to	O
be	O
involved	O
in	O
such	O
interactions	O
in	O
mammals	B-SPEC
.	O

We	O
have	O
evaluated	O
the	O
effects	O
of	O
corticosterone	B-CHED
administration	O
in	O
drinking	B-PROC
water	B-CHED
on	O
peripheral	O
lymphocyte	B-ANAT
and	O
heterophil	B-ANAT
cytokine	O
and	O
chemokine	O
gene	O
profiles	O
.	O

Messenger	B-CHED
RNA	I-CHED
expression	O
levels	O
of	O
transforming	B-PRGE
growth	I-PRGE
factor	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
beta4	I-PRGE
(	O
TGF	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
beta4	I-PRGE
)	O
are	O
also	O
upregulated	O
in	O
cortisosterone	O
-	O
treated	O
birds	B-SPEC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Predictive	O
factors	O
for	O
the	O
outcome	O
of	O
noninvasive	O
ventilation	O
in	O
pediatric	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
.	O

Children	O
(	O
age	O
range	O
,	O
1	O
month	O
-	O
16	O
yrs	O
)	O
with	O
moderate	O
-	O
to	O
-	O
severe	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
who	O
received	O
noninvasive	O
ventilation	O
during	O
a	O
4	O
-	O
year	O
period	O
.	O

Nine	O
(	O
19	O
.	O
1	O
%)	O
of	O
47	O
patients	O
needed	O
tracheal	O
intubation	O
between	O
the	O
third	O
and	O
87th	O
hour	O
after	O
the	O
start	O
of	O
treatment	O
(	O
33	O
.	O
6	O
±	O
29	O
.	O
6	O
hrs	B-DISO
).	O

The	O
failure	O
group	O
had	O
a	O
higher	O
rate	O
of	O
breathing	B-PROC
assistance	O
,	O
both	O
initial	O
and	O
maximal	O
.	O

In	O
the	O
multivariant	O
analysis	O
,	O
only	O
maximum	O
mean	O
airway	B-ANAT
pressure	O
and	O
Fio2	O
formed	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
success	O
/	O
failure	O
discriminant	O
function	O
with	O
a	O
cutoff	O
point	O
of	O
11	O
.	O
5	O
and	O
0	O
.	O
57	O
,	O
respectively	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Poliovirus	B-PRGE
2B	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
is	O
a	O
well	O
-	O
known	O
viroporin	O
implicated	O
in	O
plasma	B-COMP
membrane	I-COMP
permeabilization	O
to	O
ions	B-CHED
and	O
low	O
-	O
molecular	O
-	O
weight	O
compounds	O
during	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

Expression	B-PROC
of	O
2B	O
induced	O
permeabilization	O
of	O
neighbouring	O
cell	B-ANAT
lines	I-ANAT
other	O
than	O
BHK	O
.	O

The	O
data	O
presented	O
herein	O
show	O
that	O
(	O
1	O
)	O
ligand	B-PROC
presentation	O
does	O
not	O
disrupt	O
ELP	O
(	O
BC	O
)	O
self	O
-	O
assembly	O
;	O
(	O
2	O
)	O
both	O
multivalent	O
ligand	B-PROC
presentation	O
and	O
upregulated	O
receptor	B-PROC
expression	I-PROC
are	O
needed	O
for	O
receptor	O
-	O
mediated	O
interaction	O
;	O
(	O
3	O
)	O
increased	O
size	O
of	O
the	O
hydrophobic	O
segment	O
of	O
the	O
block	B-CHED
copolymer	I-CHED
promotes	O
multivalent	O
interaction	O
with	O
membrane	B-COMP
receptors	O
,	O
potentially	O
due	O
to	O
changes	O
in	O
the	O
nanoscale	O
architecture	O
of	O
the	O
micelle	O
;	O
and	O
(	O
4	O
)	O
nanoscale	O
presentation	O
of	O
the	O
ligand	B-PROC
is	O
important	O
,	O
as	O
presentation	O
of	O
the	O
ligand	B-PROC
by	O
micrometer	O
-	O
sized	O
aggregates	O
of	O
an	O
ELP	O
showed	O
a	O
low	O
level	O
of	O
binding	B-FUNC
/	O
uptake	O
by	O
receptor	O
-	O
positive	O
cells	B-COMP
compared	O
to	O
its	O
presentation	O
on	O
the	O
corona	B-CHED
of	O
a	O
micelle	O
.	O

Complete	O
untethering	O
of	O
the	O
diseased	O
pericardium	B-ANAT
should	O
be	O
performed	O
with	O
active	O
prevention	O
of	O
postoperative	B-DISO
complications	I-DISO
.	O

Relapse	B-DISO
occurred	O
in	O
one	O
case	O
because	O
of	O
incomplete	O
pericardial	B-ANAT
resection	O
.	O

The	O
relative	O
contributions	O
of	O
the	O
various	O
IFN	B-PRGE
subtypes	I-PRGE
to	O
innate	B-PROC
immunity	I-PROC
against	O
virus	B-SPEC
infections	B-DISO
remain	O
elusive	O
.	O

Of	O
them	O
,	O
669	O
had	O
a	O
history	O
of	O
close	O
contact	O
with	O
symptomatic	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
,	O
101	O
developed	O
symptoms	O
with	O
a	O
rate	O
of	O
15	O
.	O
1	O
%,	O
363	O
had	O
a	O
history	O
of	O
close	O
contact	O
with	O
patients	O
in	O
their	O
incubation	O
period	O
,	O
none	O
of	O
whom	O
developed	O
symptoms	O
(	O
0	O
%).	O

Preservation	O
of	O
SB	O
was	O
provided	O
by	O
4	O
different	O
modes	O
:	O
Unassisted	O
SB	O
was	O
enabled	O
by	O
biphasic	O
positive	O
airway	B-ANAT
pressure	O
(	O
BIPAP	O
),	O
moderate	O
inspiratory	B-PROC
assist	O
was	O
provided	O
by	O
pressure	O
support	O
(	O
PS	O
)	O
and	O
volume	O
-	O
assured	O
pressure	O
support	O
(	O
VAPS	O
),	O
maximum	O
assist	O
was	O
ensured	O
by	O
assist	O
control	O
(	O
A	O
/	O
C	O
).	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
In	O
this	O
study	O
the	O
sensitivity	O
of	O
polymerase	O
chain	O
reaction	O
(	O
PCR	O
)	O
methods	O
for	O
the	O
detection	O
of	O
Newcastle	B-SPEC
disease	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
NDV	B-SPEC
),	O
avian	B-SPEC
reovirus	I-SPEC
(	O
ARV	O
),	O
avian	B-SPEC
influenza	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
AIV	O
)	O
and	O
avian	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
bronchitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
IBV	B-SPEC
)	O
was	O
compared	O
to	O
the	O
sensitivity	O
of	O
the	O
corresponding	O
serological	O
tests	O
described	O
in	O
the	O
European	O
Pharmacopoeia	O
(	O
Ph	O
.	O

Two	O
weeks	O
later	O
,	O
serum	B-COMP
samples	O
from	O
each	O
animal	B-SPEC
were	O
tested	O
for	O
antibodies	B-COMP
using	O
an	O
Idexx	O
enzyme	O
linked	O
immunosorbent	O
assay	O
(	O
ELISA	O
).	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Airway	O
pressure	O
release	B-PATH
ventilation	O
(	O
APRV	O
)	O
is	O
a	O
ventilatory	O
mode	O
that	O
allows	O
unsupported	O
spontaneous	O
breathing	B-PROC
at	O
any	O
phase	O
of	O
the	O
ventilatory	O
cycle	O
with	O
high	O
mean	O
airway	B-ANAT
pressures	O
.	O

We	O
hypothesized	O
that	O
use	O
of	O
APRV	O
might	O
produce	O
potential	O
beneficial	O
effects	O
on	O
oxygenation	B-PROC
,	O
reducing	O
mortality	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
in	O
comparison	O
with	O
synchronized	O
intermittent	O
mandatory	O
ventilation	O
(	O
SIMV	O
)	O
as	O
a	O
conventional	O
mode	O
of	O
ventilation	O
.	O

Use	O
of	O
APRV	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
ARDS	O
appears	O
to	O
be	O
associated	O
with	O
improvements	O
in	O
oxygenation	B-PROC
,	O
and	O
a	O
trend	O
toward	O
lower	O
mortality	O
in	O
ICU	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
In	O
85	O
BAL	B-ENZY
samples	O
from	O
82	O
patients	O
,	O
median	O
viral	O
loads	O
were	O
as	O
follows	O
:	O
for	O
RSV	B-SPEC
(	O
n	O
=	O
35	O
),	O
2	O
.	O
6	O
x	O
10	O
(	O
6	O
)	O
copies	O
/	O
mL	O
;	O
for	O
parainfluenza	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
n	O
=	O
35	O
),	O
4	O
.	O
9	O
x	O
10	O
(	O
7	O
)	O
copies	O
/	O
mL	O
;	O
for	O
influenza	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
n	O
=	O
9	O
),	O
6	O
.	O
8	O
x	O
10	O
(	O
5	O
)	O
copies	O
/	O
mL	O
;	O
for	O
MPV	B-SPEC
(	O
n	O
=	O
7	O
),	O
3	O
.	O
9	O
x	O
10	O
(	O
7	O
)	O
copies	O
/	O
mL	O
;	O
and	O
for	O
CoV	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
4	O
),	O
1	O
.	O
8	O
x	O
10	O
(	O
5	O
)	O
copies	O
/	O
mL	O
.	O
Quantitative	O
viral	O
load	O
was	O
not	O
associated	O
with	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
or	O
death	B-PROC
.	O

We	O
enrolled	O
six	O
respiratory	B-SPEC
syncytial	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
-	O
ARDS	B-DISO
babies	O
,	O
five	O
ARDS	B-DISO
babies	O
,	O
and	O
six	O
control	O
infants	O
.	O

Children	O
were	O
stratified	O
for	O
age	O
,	O
type	O
of	O
patient	O
,	O
and	O
cause	O
of	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
.	O

A	O
total	O
of	O
956	O
(	O
49	O
.	O
2	O
%)	O
patients	O
required	O
MV	O
via	O
an	O
endotracheal	O
tube	O
;	O
673	O
(	O
34	O
.	O
6	O
%)	O
were	O
ventilated	O
for	O
>	O
24	O
hrs	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
overall	O
mortality	O
was	O
6	O
.	O
7	O
%	O
with	O
highest	O
rates	O
for	O
heart	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
(	O
nonoperative	O
),	O
sepsis	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
26	O
.	O
1	O
%,	O
22	O
.	O
2	O
%,	O
and	O
16	O
.	O
7	O
%	O
respectively	O
).	O

Controlled	O
MV	O
and	O
pressure	O
support	O
ventilation	O
+	O
synchronized	O
intermittent	O
mandatory	O
ventilation	O
were	O
the	O
most	O
frequently	O
used	O
modes	O
of	O
ventilatory	O
assistance	O
during	O
PICU	B-SPEC
stay	O
.	O

Despite	O
improved	O
surveillance	O
and	O
quarantine	O
measures	O
,	O
we	O
find	O
ourselves	O
in	O
the	O
midst	O
of	O
a	O
H1N1	B-DISO
influenza	I-DISO
pandemic	O
.	O

35kg	O
pigs	B-SPEC
were	O
maintained	O
under	O
general	O
anaesthesia	B-DISO
and	O
invasively	O
monitored	O
.	O

Animals	B-SPEC
surviving	O
28	O
hours	O
were	O
euthanased	O
.	O

26	O
.	O
9	O
mPa	O
/	O
s	O
/	O
m3	O
)	O
observed	O
may	O
reflect	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
respiratory	B-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

Liver	B-DISO
damage	I-DISO
was	O
confirmed	O
by	O
deterioration	O
in	O
pH	O
(	O
7	O
.	O
23	O
+/-	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
vs	O
7	O
.	O
45	O
+/-	O

Animals	B-SPEC
displayed	O
evidence	O
of	O
renal	B-DISO
impairment	I-DISO
;	O
mean	O
creatinine	B-CHED
levels	O
280	O
.	O
2	O
+/-	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Cytochrome	B-PROC
p450	I-PROC
levels	O
in	O
phenobarbital	B-CHED
pre	O
-	O
treated	O
animals	B-SPEC
were	O
significantly	O
higher	O
than	O
non	O
pre	O
-	O
treated	O
animals	B-SPEC
(	O
300	O
vs	O
100	O
pmol	O
/	O
mg	O
protein	B-CHED
).	O

The	O
CC	O
-	O
induced	O
PE	O
was	O
attributed	O
to	O
overactivation	O
of	O
the	O
medullary	B-ANAT
sympathetic	O
mechanism	O
.	O

Fat	B-DISO
embolism	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
FES	O
)	O
is	O
a	O
serious	O
clinical	O
problem	O
in	O
patients	O
suffering	B-DISO
from	O
long	B-ANAT
bone	I-ANAT
fractures	O
.	O

Later	O
study	O
also	O
found	O
that	O
neutrophil	B-PRGE
elastase	I-PRGE
and	O
myeloperoxidase	B-PRGE
were	O
elevated	O
following	O
fat	B-DISO
embolism	I-DISO
.	O

N	B-CHED
-	I-CHED
acetylcysteine	I-CHED
(	O
an	O
antioxidant	B-CHED
),	O
and	O
NOS	O
inhibitors	B-CHED
such	O
as	O
Nomega	O
nitro	B-CHED
-	O
L	B-CHED
-	I-CHED
arginine	I-CHED
methyl	B-CHED
ester	B-CHED
(	O
L	O
-	O
NAME	B-SPEC
),	O
S	O
-	O
methylisothiourea	O
(	O
SMT	O
)	O
or	O
L	O
-	O
N6	O
(	O
1	O
-	O
iminoethyl	O
)-	O
lysine	B-CHED
(	O
L	O
-	O
Nil	O
)	O
were	O
able	O
to	O
abrogate	O
the	O
FES	O
or	O
the	O
fat	B-DISO
embolism	I-DISO
-	O
induced	O
changes	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
CD209	B-PRGE
(	O
DC	O
-	O
SIGN	O
)	O
-	O
336A	O
>	O
G	O
promoter	O
polymorphism	B-PROC
and	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
in	O
Hong	O
Kong	O
Chinese	O
.	O

High	O
LDH	O
levels	O
are	O
known	O
to	O
be	O
an	O
independent	O
predictor	O
for	O
poor	O
clinical	O
outcome	O
,	O
probably	O
related	O
to	O
tissue	B-ANAT
destruction	O
from	O
immune	O
hyperactivity	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Scrub	O
typhus	O
is	O
an	O
important	O
cause	O
of	O
acute	O
undifferentiated	O
febrile	B-PROC
illnesses	O
in	O
the	O
Indian	O
subcontinent	O
.	O

Given	O
the	O
telltale	O
presence	O
of	O
an	O
eschar	B-DISO
(	O
evident	O
in	O
45	O
.	O
5	O
%),	O
the	O
characteristic	O
clinical	O
profile	O
and	O
the	O
dramatic	O
therapeutic	O
response	O
to	O
a	O
cheap	O
,	O
yet	O
effective	O
,	O
drug	O
such	O
as	O
doxycycline	B-CHED
,	O
medical	O
practitioners	O
in	O
the	O
region	O
should	O
have	O
ample	O
opportunity	O
to	O
reach	B-PROC
an	O
early	O
diagnosis	O
and	O
initiate	O
treatment	O
which	O
could	O
,	O
potentially	O
,	O
reduce	O
the	O
mortality	O
and	O
morbidity	O
associated	O
with	O
scrub	B-DISO
typhus	I-DISO
.	O

Proteins	B-CHED
from	O
the	O
four	O
viruses	B-SPEC
were	O
purified	O
and	O
spotted	O
onto	O
an	O
aldehyde	B-CHED
group	I-CHED
-	O
modified	O
glass	O
slide	O
at	O
2mg	O
/	O
ml	O
.	O

In	O
conclusion	O
,	O
this	O
protein	B-CHED
chip	O
can	O
be	O
used	O
to	O
differentiate	O
the	O
antibodies	B-COMP
induced	O
by	O
the	O
four	O
avian	B-SPEC
viruses	B-SPEC
.	O

HCoV	O
-	O
HKU1	O
can	O
be	O
identified	O
in	O
stool	B-ANAT
samples	O
from	O
children	O
and	O
adults	O
with	O
gastrointestinal	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
,	O
with	O
most	O
individuals	O
having	O
respiratory	O
findings	O
as	O
well	O
.	O

Of	O
these	O
samples	O
,	O
4	O
patients	O
(	O
1	O
.	O
3	O
%,	O
2	O
adult	O
;	O
2	O
pediatric	O
)	O
screened	O
positive	O
for	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
a	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
.	O

In	O
addition	O
,	O
the	O
past	O
experiences	O
in	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
outbreak	O
not	O
only	O
led	O
the	O
participants	O
to	O
remember	O
their	O
stigmatization	O
experiences	O
in	O
this	O
H1N1	O
pandemic	O
,	O
but	O
also	O
aroused	O
the	O
memory	B-PROC
of	O
the	O
general	O
Hong	O
Kong	O
population	O
that	O
chronic	O
renal	O
disease	O
patients	O
were	O
""""	O
dangerous	O
""""	O
and	O
""""	O
polluted	O
","""	O
which	O
could	O
further	O
contribute	O
to	O
their	O
stigmatization	O
in	O
this	O
H1N1	O
pandemic	O
.	O

Recent	O
advances	O
in	O
phylogenetic	O
methods	O
can	O
infer	O
more	O
in	O
-	O
depth	O
information	O
about	O
the	O
patterns	O
of	O
virus	B-SPEC
emergence	O
,	O
adding	O
to	O
the	O
conventional	O
approaches	O
in	O
viral	O
epidemiology	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
investigate	O
the	O
clinical	O
feature	O
,	O
treatment	O
and	O
outcome	O
of	O
respiratory	O
failure	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
2009	O
influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
H1N1	O
infection	B-DISO
in	O
critically	B-DISO
ill	I-DISO
adults	O
.	O

Compared	O
with	O
survivors	O
,	O
acute	O
kidney	B-ANAT
injury	O
and	O
barotrauma	O
occurred	O
more	O
frequently	O
in	O
non	O
-	O
survivors	O
(	O
42	O
.	O
9	O
%	O
vs	O
.	O
27	O
.	O
3	O
%,	O
28	O
.	O
6	O
%	O
vs	O
.	O
9	O
.	O
1	O
%,	O
both	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
).	O

Severe	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
is	O
the	O
most	O
common	O
manifestation	O
in	O
critically	B-DISO
ill	I-DISO
patients	O
with	O
2009	O
influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
H1N1	O
infection	B-DISO
in	O
adult	O
.	O

Failure	O
to	O
obtain	O
satisfactory	O
oxygenation	B-PROC
with	O
high	O
-	O
level	O
ventilation	O
settings	O
within	O
the	O
first	O
7	O
-	O
days	O
,	O
onset	O
of	O
acute	O
kidney	B-ANAT
injury	O
and	O
barotrauma	O
,	O
and	O
continuous	O
need	O
for	O
vasopressors	O
portend	O
a	O
poor	O
prognosis	O
.	O

Fifty	O
-	O
three	O
patients	O
were	O
complicated	O
with	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
(	O
70	O
.	O
67	O
%)	O
and	O
41	O
patients	O
with	O
pre	O
-	O
existing	O
medical	O
conditions	O
(	O
54	O
.	O
67	O
%),	O
65	O
patients	O
with	O
fever	B-PROC
(	O
86	O
.	O
67	O
%),	O
63	O
patients	O
with	O
cough	B-DISO
and	O
sputum	B-ANAT
(	O
84	O
.	O
00	O
%),	O
61	O
patients	O
with	O
dyspnea	B-DISO
(	O
81	O
.	O
33	O
%),	O
1	O
patients	O
with	O
meningitis	B-DISO
as	O
the	O
main	O
manifestation	O
,	O
2	O
patients	O
with	O
acute	B-DISO
pulmonary	I-DISO
edema	I-DISO
and	O
left	B-DISO
heart	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
,	O
28	O
patients	O
with	O
leucopenia	B-DISO
(	O
37	O
.	O
33	O
%),	O
28	O
patients	O
with	O
myocardial	O
enzyme	O
abnormalities	O
(	O
37	O
.	O
33	O
%),	O
23	O
patients	O
with	O
blood	B-ANAT
glucose	B-CHED
abnormalities	O
(	O
30	O
.	O
67	O
%),	O
8	O
patients	O
with	O
coagulopathy	B-DISO
(	O
10	O
.	O
67	O
%),	O
4	O
patients	O
with	O
lipid	B-CHED
abnormalities	O
(	O
5	O
.	O
33	O
%),	O
51	O
patients	O
with	O
increased	O
C	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
reactive	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
(	O
68	O
.	O
00	O
%).	O

Except	O
1	O
patient	O
out	O
of	O
75	O
patients	O
died	B-PROC
,	O
and	O
the	O
rest	B-FUNC
were	O
cured	O
.	O

Among	O
coagulation	B-PROC
parameters	O
kaolin	O
-	O
kefalin	O
time	O
(	O
69	O
s	O
)	O
and	O
D	O
-	O
dimers	O
(	O
2000	O
-	O
4000	O
/	O
ul	O
.)	O
were	O
abnormal	O
.	O

We	O
describe	O
a	O
78	O
-	O
year	O
-	O
old	O
woman	O
who	O
presented	O
with	O
a	O
two	O
-	O
day	O
history	O
of	O
progressive	O
generalised	O
weakness	B-DISO
and	O
left	B-ANAT
facial	I-ANAT
nerve	I-ANAT
palsy	O
,	O
preceded	O
by	O
a	O
flu	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
like	I-DISO
illness	I-DISO
lasting	O
for	O
one	O
week	O
.	O

Seven	O
days	O
after	O
completion	O
of	O
immunoglobulin	B-PROC
treatment	O
,	O
plasma	B-ANAT
exchange	O
was	O
started	O
with	O
an	O
exchange	O
of	O
about	O
three	O
litres	O
of	O
plasma	O
every	O
day	O
for	O
three	O
days	O
and	O
every	O
second	O
day	O
on	O
two	O
further	O
occasions	O
.	O

Based	O
on	O
the	O
crystal	B-ANAT
structures	O
,	O
a	O
key	O
residue	O
,	O
Glu	B-CHED
-	O
166	O
,	O
which	O
is	O
responsible	O
for	O
recognizing	O
the	O
Gln	B-CHED
-	O
P1	O
of	O
the	O
substrate	O
and	O
binding	B-FUNC
to	O
Ser	B-COMP
-	O
1	O
of	O
another	O
protomer	O
,	O
will	O
interact	O
with	O
Asn	B-CHED
-	O
142	O
and	O
block	O
the	O
S1	O
subsite	O
entrance	O
in	O
the	O
monomer	O
.	O

This	O
demonstrates	O
that	O
Glu	B-CHED
-	O
166	O
plays	O
a	O
pivotal	O
role	O
in	O
connecting	O
the	O
substrate	O
binding	B-FUNC
site	O
with	O
the	O
dimer	O
interface	O
.	O

A	O
prevailing	O
hypothesis	O
is	O
that	O
the	O
highly	O
pathogenic	O
virus	B-SPEC
isolates	O
cause	O
a	O
severe	O
cytokinemia	O
precipitating	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
and	O
multiple	B-DISO
organ	I-DISO
dysfunction	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

Extrapulmonary	O
pathology	B-DISO
may	O
thus	O
contribute	O
to	O
the	O
morbidities	O
induced	O
by	O
H5N1	B-DISO
viruses	B-SPEC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
This	O
report	O
describes	O
the	O
identification	O
of	O
a	O
novel	O
linear	O
B	O
-	O
cell	O
epitope	B-CHED
at	O
the	O
N	O
-	O
terminus	O
of	O
the	O
avian	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
bronchitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
IBV	B-SPEC
)	O
nucleocapsid	B-COMP
(	O
N	O
)	O
protein	B-CHED
.	O

We	O
propose	O
that	O
this	O
motif	O
is	O
a	O
linear	O
B	B-ANAT
-	I-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
epitope	B-CHED
of	O
N	O
protein	B-CHED
,	O
and	O
is	O
the	O
core	O
sequence	O
for	O
reactivity	O
,	O
as	O
demonstrated	O
by	O
binding	B-FUNC
of	O
2D2	O
to	O
the	O
truncated	O
peptides	B-CHED
and	O
different	O
IBV	B-SPEC
strains	O
.	O

The	O
identified	O
epitope	B-CHED
might	O
be	O
useful	O
for	O
clinical	O
applications	O
and	O
as	O
a	O
tool	O
for	O
further	O
study	O
of	O
the	O
structure	O
and	O
function	O
of	O
the	O
IBV	B-SPEC
N	O
protein	B-CHED
.	O

RBD219	O
-	O
CHO	B-FUNC
protein	B-CHED
elicited	O
potent	O
protective	O
immunity	O
that	O
protected	O
all	O
vaccinated	O
mice	B-SPEC
from	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
challenge	O
.	O

Ultraviolet	O
germicidal	O
irradiation	O
is	O
underused	O
at	O
present	O
,	O
despite	O
good	O
evidence	O
of	O
safety	O
and	O
efficacy	O
in	O
elimination	B-PROC
of	O
airborne	O
respiratory	O
infectious	B-DISO
agents	O
including	O
TB	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Benefit	O
of	O
the	O
stabilization	O
of	O
long	O
-	O
bone	B-ANAT
fractures	O
in	O
polytraumatized	O
patients	O
].	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
The	O
patient	O
group	O
whose	O
fractures	O
were	O
stabilized	O
after	O
48	O
hours	O
had	O
more	O
clinical	O
complications	O
,	O
alterations	O
of	O
lung	B-ANAT
parameters	O
and	O
a	O
longer	O
hospital	O
stay	O
.	O

There	O
is	O
no	O
complete	O
evidence	O
showing	O
that	O
early	O
stabilization	O
of	O
long	B-ANAT
bones	I-ANAT
in	O
patients	O
with	O
moderate	O
or	O
severe	O
head	B-ANAT
trauma	O
worsens	O
or	O
improves	O
the	O
outcomes	O
.	O

The	O
Chinese	O
Government	O
has	O
carried	O
out	O
a	O
series	O
of	O
emergency	B-DISO
preparedness	O
education	O
and	O
training	O
programmes	O
to	O
improve	O
the	O
emergency	B-DISO
preparedness	O
capability	O
of	O
rural	O
public	O
health	O
personnel	O
nationwide	O
.	O

Cardiopulmonary	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
was	O
treated	O
effectively	O
with	O
ECMO	O
and	O
systemic	O
gas	B-ENZY
exchange	O
and	O
blood	B-PROC
flow	I-PROC
improved	O
rapidly	O
within	O
2	O
h	O
on	O
ECMO	O
in	O
all	O
patients	O
(	O
median	O
OR	O
69	O
(	O
52	O
-	O
263	O
)	O
mmHg	O
,	O
median	O
paCO	O
(	O
2	O
)	O
41	O
(	O
22	O
-	O
85	O
)	O
mmHg	O
.	O

Initially	O
heparin	B-CHED
-	O
free	O
ECMO	O
support	O
can	O
improve	O
therapy	O
and	O
outcome	O
even	O
in	O
disastrous	O
trauma	O
patients	O
with	O
coexisting	O
bleeding	B-DISO
shock	O
.	O

Tidal	O
volumes	O
ranged	O
between	O
8	O
.	O
64	O
and	O
9	O
.	O
16	O
and	O
the	O
average	O
PEEP	B-CHED
varied	O
from	O
2	O
.	O
5	O
to	O
5	O
.	O
5	O
cm	O
H	O
(	O
2	O
)	O
O	O
.	O
There	O
were	O
substantial	O
differences	O
in	O
the	O
average	O
Fio	O
(	O
2	O
)	O
and	O
PIP	B-CHED
among	O
the	O
groups	O
,	O
59	O
%	O
to	O
91	O
%	O
and	O
22	O
to	O
29	O
cm	O
H	O
(	O
2	O
)	O
O	O
,	O
respectively	O
.	O

The	O
average	O
Fio	O
(	O
2	O
)	O
and	O
PIP	B-CHED
were	O
significantly	O
escalated	O
depending	O
on	O
the	O
P	O
/	O
F	O
ratio	O
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
Similar	O
ventilation	O
strategies	O
in	O
mL	O
/	O
kg	O
PBW	O
and	O
PEEP	B-CHED
were	O
used	O
among	O
patients	O
regardless	O
of	O
P	O
/	O
F	O
ratio	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
is	O
regulated	O
by	O
a	O
STAT1	B-PRGE
dependent	O
but	O
a	O
type	O
I	O
,	O
II	O
and	O
III	O
interferon	B-PRGE
receptor	I-PRGE
independent	O
mechanism	O
.	O

We	O
performed	O
the	O
screening	O
of	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
229E	I-SPEC
by	O
real	O
-	O
time	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
and	O
sequencing	O
of	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
229E	I-SPEC
gene	O
fragments	O
derived	O
from	O
conventional	O
PCR	O
.	O

Finally	O
,	O
demographic	O
and	O
clinical	O
data	O
associated	O
with	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
229E	I-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
were	O
examined	O
retrospectively	O
.	O

The	O
main	O
clinical	O
manifestations	O
were	O
noted	O
as	O
:	O
headache	B-DISO
(	O
in	O
70	O
.	O
9	O
%),	O
sore	B-DISO
throat	I-DISO
(	O
69	O
%),	O
chills	B-DISO
(	O
68	O
%),	O
cough	B-DISO
(	O
33	O
%),	O
sputum	B-ANAT
(	O
21	O
.	O
3	O
%),	O
rhinorrhea	B-DISO
(	O
21	O
.	O
4	O
%),	O
nasal	B-ANAT
obstruction	B-DISO
(	O
16	O
.	O
5	O
%),	O
and	O
a	O
few	O
of	O
patients	O
were	O
visible	O
as	O
vomiting	B-DISO
(	O
6	O
.	O
8	O
%),	O
dyspnea	B-DISO
(	O
3	O
.	O
9	O
%),	O
diarrhea	B-DISO
(	O
in	O
1	O
.	O
9	O
%).	O

The	O
rate	O
of	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
229E	I-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
in	O
adult	O
patients	O
was	O
found	O
no	O
relative	O
with	O
age	O
and	O
gender	O
.	O

Logistic	O
regression	O
indicated	O
that	O
compared	O
with	O
the	O
persons	O
with	O
the	O
thoughts	O
of	O
nothing	O
serious	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
,	O
without	O
any	O
dread	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
knowing	O
nothing	O
about	O
prevention	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
,	O
the	O
perceived	O
stress	O
was	O
significantly	O
related	O
with	O
perceiving	O
of	O
the	O
thread	O
to	O
certain	O
extent	O
(	O
beta	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
41	O
,	O
Wald	O
chi	B-CHED
(	O
2	O
)	O
=	O
4	O
.	O
84	O
,	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
03	O
),	O
worrying	O
little	O
about	O
the	O
epidemic	O
(	O
beta	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
50	O
,	O
Wald	O
chi	B-CHED
(	O
2	O
)	O
=	O
6	O
.	O
69	O
,	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
01	O
),	O
worrying	O
about	O
it	O
to	O
certain	O
extent	O
(	O
beta	O
=	O
1	O
.	O
39	O
,	O
Wald	O
chi	B-CHED
(	O
2	O
)	O
=	O
48	O
.	O
59	O
,	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
00	O
)	O
and	O
scared	O
so	O
much	O
(	O
beta	O
=	O
1	O
.	O
77	O
,	O
Wald	O
chi	B-CHED
(	O
2	O
)	O
=	O
53	O
.	O
59	O
,	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
00	O
),	O
and	O
knowing	O
little	O
about	O
the	O
prevention	O
(	O
beta	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
74	O
,	O
Wald	O
chi	B-CHED
(	O
2	O
)	O
=	O
4	O
.	O
48	O
,	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
03	O
),	O
knowing	O
something	O
about	O
prevention	O
(	O
beta	O
=	O
-	O
0	O
.	O
98	O
,	O
Wald	O
chi	B-CHED
(	O
2	O
)	O
=	O
8	O
.	O
29	O
,	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
00	O
)	O
and	O
knowing	O
the	O
prevention	O
very	O
well	O
(	O
beta	O
=	O
-	O
1	O
.	O
18	O
,	O
Wald	O
chi	B-CHED
(	O
2	O
)	O
=	O
10	O
.	O
66	O
,	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
00	O
).	O

The	O
5	O
-	O
fluoro	B-CHED
derivative	O
inhibited	O
the	O
HCV	B-SPEC
RNA	B-PROC
synthesis	I-PROC
at	O
6	O
mug	O
/	O
ml	O
,	O
without	O
toxicity	O
at	O
a	O
concentration	O
up	O
to	O
42	O
mug	O
/	O
ml	O
in	O
Huh	O
5	O
-	O
2	O
cells	B-COMP
.	O

The	O
faecal	B-ANAT
samples	O
were	O
pooled	O
in	O
groups	O
of	O
five	O
.	O

The	O
presence	O
of	O
two	O
or	O
three	O
different	O
viruses	B-SPEC
in	O
combination	O
may	O
affect	O
the	O
dynamics	O
of	O
turkey	B-SPEC
health	O
and	O
disease	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
IBV	B-SPEC
)	O
is	O
,	O
in	O
spite	O
of	O
vaccination	O
,	O
still	O
a	O
major	O
cause	O
of	O
respiratory	B-DISO
problems	I-DISO
in	O
broilers	O
and	O
of	O
poor	O
egg	B-ANAT
production	O
in	O
breeders	O
and	O
layers	B-ANAT
in	O
many	O
parts	O
of	O
the	O
world	O
.	O

In	O
the	O
first	O
,	O
the	O
results	O
of	O
the	O
alpha	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
IBV	I-PRGE
IgM	I-PRGE
enzyme	I-PRGE
-	O
linked	O
immunosorbent	O
assay	O
(	O
ELISA	O
)	O
on	O
post	O
-	O
vaccination	O
sera	B-COMP
were	O
compared	O
with	O
the	O
efficacy	O
of	O
the	O
IBV	B-SPEC
vaccination	O
against	O
homologous	O
challenge	O
of	O
the	O
same	O
broilers	O
.	O

The	O
aim	O
was	O
to	O
identify	O
factors	O
that	O
might	O
be	O
associated	O
positively	O
or	O
negatively	O
with	O
the	O
IgM	B-PRGE
response	O
and	O
thereby	O
with	O
the	O
expected	O
level	O
of	O
protection	O
against	O
homologous	O
challenge	O
under	O
field	O
conditions	O
.	O

inoculation	O
with	O
the	O
M	O
.	O
synoviae	O
EAA	O
strain	O
if	O
preceded	O
by	O
an	O
infection	B-DISO
with	O
IBV	B-SPEC
.	O

Vaccines	O
have	O
remained	O
unaltered	O
for	O
many	O
years	O
but	O
new	O
ones	O
are	O
being	O
developed	O
to	O
counter	B-CHED
vaccine	O
side	O
effects	O
and	O
reversion	O
and	O
reactivation	B-PROC
of	I-PROC
latent	I-PROC
virus	I-PROC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
During	O
the	O
early	O
stages	O
of	O
infection	B-DISO
,	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
produces	O
more	O
severe	O
perturbation	O
of	O
host	B-COMP
cell	I-COMP
gene	B-PROC
expression	I-PROC
in	O
a	O
human	B-SPEC
epithelial	B-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
line	O
of	O
liver	B-ANAT
origin	O
than	O
the	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
229E	I-SPEC
.	O

The	O
promotion	O
of	O
personal	O
protective	O
health	O
practices	O
must	O
take	O
into	O
account	O
background	O
perceptions	O
of	O
risk	O
and	O
psychological	B-DISO
responses	O
in	O
the	O
community	O
-	O
at	O
-	O
large	O
.	O

Population	O
psycho	O
-	O
behavioural	O
factors	O
in	O
Hong	O
Kong	O
and	O
Singapore	O
are	O
shown	O
to	O
be	O
an	O
important	O
potential	O
vector	O
for	O
the	O
transmission	O
of	O
an	O
infectious	B-DISO
agent	O
.	O

Three	O
different	O
recHE	O
molecules	O
were	O
constructed	O
:	O
one	O
representing	O
a	O
high	O
virulent	O
isolate	O
,	O
one	O
a	O
low	O
virulent	O
,	O
while	O
in	O
the	O
third	O
a	O
Ser	O
(	O
32	O
)	O
to	O
Ala	B-CHED
(	O
32	O
)	O
amino	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
substitution	O
was	O
introduced	O
in	O
the	O
enzymatic	O
catalytic	O
site	O
as	O
inferred	O
from	O
the	O
model	O
.	O

In	O
contrast	O
,	O
the	O
Ser	B-COMP
(	O
32	O
)	O
amino	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
substitution	O
totally	O
abolished	O
enzymatic	B-PROC
activity	I-PROC
while	O
receptor	B-FUNC
binding	I-FUNC
increased	O
,	O
as	O
observed	O
by	O
agglutination	B-PROC
of	O
Atlantic	B-PRGE
salmon	I-PRGE
red	B-ANAT
blood	I-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Mechanistic	O
study	O
of	O
the	O
reaction	O
of	O
thiol	B-CHED
-	O
containing	O
enzymes	O
with	O
alpha	O
,	O
beta	O
-	O
unsaturated	O
carbonyl	B-CHED
substrates	O
by	O
computation	O
and	O
chemoassays	O
.	O

There	O
is	O
a	O
long	O
history	O
of	O
investigations	O
concluding	O
that	O
,	O
if	O
used	O
properly	O
,	O
UVGI	O
can	O
be	O
safe	O
and	O
highly	O
effective	O
in	O
disinfecting	O
the	O
air	B-CHED
,	O
thereby	O
preventing	O
transmission	O
of	O
a	O
variety	O
of	O
airborne	O
infections	B-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Nasal	B-ANAT
administration	O
has	O
emerged	O
as	O
a	O
promising	O
and	O
attractive	O
route	O
for	O
vaccination	O
,	O
especially	O
for	O
the	O
prophylaxis	O
of	O
respiratory	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
.	O

The	O
mRT	B-ANAT
-	O
PCR	O
assay	O
accurately	O
detected	O
and	O
discriminated	O
vaccine	O
viruses	B-SPEC
from	O
wildtype	O
strains	O
in	O
the	O
field	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
There	O
is	O
little	O
information	O
on	O
the	O
role	O
of	O
nitric	B-CHED
oxide	I-CHED
(	O
NO	O
)	O
in	O
innate	B-PROC
immunity	I-PROC
to	O
respiratory	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
CoV	O
)	O
infections	B-DISO
.	O

We	O
detected	O
a	O
large	O
increase	O
in	O
NO	O
levels	O
in	O
BAL	B-ENZY
fluids	B-ANAT
of	O
PRCV	O
-	O
infected	O
pigs	B-SPEC
,	O
but	O
not	O
in	O
PRRSV	B-SPEC
-	O
infected	O
pigs	B-SPEC
.	O

This	O
is	O
the	O
first	O
in	O
vivo	O
study	O
to	O
report	O
the	O
synergistic	O
interaction	O
between	O
a	O
virus	B-SPEC
and	O
LTA	O
in	O
enhancing	O
the	O
severity	O
of	O
respiratory	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
in	O
the	O
pig	B-SPEC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
More	O
than	O
200	O
of	O
the	O
documented	O
zoonoses	O
represent	O
a	O
high	O
proportion	O
of	O
the	O
infectious	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
that	O
cause	O
cases	O
of	O
morbidity	O
and	O
mortality	O
and	O
almost	O
75	O
%	O
are	O
emerging	O
infections	B-DISO
.	O

Immigration	O
and	O
tourism	O
are	O
human	B-SPEC
activities	O
that	O
are	O
included	O
in	O
the	O
broader	O
field	O
of	O
human	B-SPEC
migration	B-PROC
and	O
travel	O
.	O

The	O
migration	B-PROC
of	O
humans	B-SPEC
has	O
provided	O
the	O
route	O
of	O
spread	O
for	O
infectious	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
and	O
zoonoses	B-DISO
(	O
for	O
example	O
,	O
plague	B-DISO
,	O
yellow	B-DISO
fever	I-DISO
,	O
monkey	B-DISO
pox	I-DISO
and	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
).	O

ATF3	B-PRGE
-	O
deficient	O
mice	B-SPEC
have	O
greater	O
sensitivity	O
to	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
alone	O
or	O
in	O
conjunction	O
with	O
inhaled	B-PROC
endotoxin	O
,	O
as	O
demonstrated	O
by	O
increased	O
cell	B-COMP
infiltration	B-DISO
and	O
proinflammatory	O
cytokines	O
in	O
the	O
lung	B-ANAT
and	O
bronchoalveolar	O
lavage	O
,	O
and	O
increased	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
edema	I-DISO
and	O
indices	O
of	O
tissue	B-ANAT
injury	O
.	O

The	O
RFLP	O
analysis	O
identified	O
a	O
change	O
in	O
the	O
cleavage	B-PROC
sites	O
of	O
AclI	O
at	O
passages	O
155	O
and	O
165	O
.	O

The	O
G3	O
Chinese	O
TGEVs	O
possessed	O
several	O
specific	O
nucleotides	B-CHED
and	O
amino	B-CHED
acids	I-CHED
that	O
were	O
not	O
found	O
in	O
the	O
G1	O
and	O
G2	O
Chinese	O
TGEVs	O
or	O
the	O
other	O
reference	O
TGEVs	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Prevalence	O
of	O
viral	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
detected	O
by	O
PCR	O
and	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
acute	O
exacerbation	O
of	O
COPD	O
:	O
a	O
systematic	O
review	O
.	O

picornavirus	B-SPEC
was	O
the	O
most	O
commonly	O
detected	O
virus	B-SPEC
with	O
WMP	O
17	O
.	O
3	O
%	O
(	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
:	O
7	O
.	O
2	O
-	O
27	O
.	O
3	O
),	O
followed	O
by	O
influenza	B-DISO
;	O
7	O
.	O
4	O
%	O
(	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
:	O
2	O
.	O
9	O
-	O
12	O
.	O
0	O
),	O
respiratory	B-SPEC
syncytial	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
;	O
5	O
.	O
3	O
%	O
(	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
:	O
1	O
.	O
6	O
-	O
9	O
.	O
0	O
),	O
corona	B-CHED
viruses	B-SPEC
;	O
3	O
.	O
1	O
%	O
(	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
:	O
0	O
.	O
4	O
-	O
5	O
.	O
8	O
),	O
parainfluenza	B-DISO
;	O
2	O
.	O
6	O
%	O
(	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
:	O
0	O
.	O
4	O
-	O
4	O
.	O
8	O
),	O
adenovirus	B-DISO
;	O
1	O
.	O
1	O
%	O
(	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
:	O
-	O
1	O
.	O
1	O
to	O
3	O
.	O
3	O
),	O
and	O
human	B-SPEC
metapneumovirus	I-SPEC
;	O
0	O
.	O
7	O
%	O
(	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
:	O
-	O
0	O
.	O
3	O
to	O
1	O
.	O
8	O
).	O

Picorna	O
was	O
the	O
most	O
common	O
virus	B-SPEC
detected	O
in	O
Western	O
countries	O
whereas	O
influenza	B-DISO
was	O
most	O
common	O
in	O
Asia	O
.	O

The	O
peak	O
coincided	O
with	O
the	O
majority	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
cases	O
being	O
reported	O
in	O
April	O
2003	O
.	O

In	O
this	O
paper	O
we	O
examine	O
the	O
mechanism	O
of	O
how	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
outbreak	O
resulted	O
in	O
a	O
higher	O
completed	B-DISO
suicide	I-DISO
rate	O
especially	O
among	O
older	O
adults	O
in	O
Hong	O
Kong	O
.	O

SARS	B-DISO
-	O
related	O
older	O
adult	O
suicide	O
victims	O
were	O
more	O
likely	O
to	O
be	O
afraid	O
of	O
contracting	O
the	O
disease	O
and	O
had	O
fears	O
of	O
disconnection	O
.	O

In	O
addition	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
important	O
to	O
alert	O
family	B-SPEC
members	O
to	O
vulnerable	O
individuals	O
who	O
are	O
at	O
potential	O
risk	O
because	O
of	O
their	O
illnesses	O
or	O
anxieties	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
related	O
older	O
adult	O
suicide	O
victims	O
were	O
more	O
likely	O
to	O
be	O
afraid	O
of	O
contracting	O
the	O
disease	O
and	O
had	O
fears	O
of	O
disconnection	O
.	O

The	O
aim	O
of	O
the	O
present	O
study	O
was	O
to	O
provide	O
an	O
overview	O
of	O
the	O
epidemiology	O
of	O
novel	O
respiratory	O
viruses	B-SPEC
,	O
including	O
human	B-SPEC
metapneumovirus	I-SPEC
,	O
human	B-SPEC
bocavirus	I-SPEC
,	O
new	O
subtypes	O
of	O
human	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
(	O
NL63	O
and	O
HKU1	O
),	O
KI	O
virus	B-SPEC
,	O
WU	O
virus	B-SPEC
,	O
and	O
Melaka	O
virus	B-SPEC
in	O
the	O
Philippines	O
,	O
a	O
tropical	O
country	O
.	O

Human	B-PRGE
metapneumovirus	I-PRGE
,	I-PRGE
human	B-SPEC
bocavirus	I-SPEC
,	I-PRGE
human	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
HKU1	I-SPEC
,	O
KI	O
virus	B-SPEC
,	O
and	O
WU	O
virus	B-SPEC
were	O
detected	O
for	O
the	O
first	O
time	O
in	O
the	O
Philippines	O
;	O
Melaka	O
virus	B-SPEC
was	O
not	O
found	O
.	O

The	O
coronavirus	B-PRGE
main	I-PRGE
protease	I-PRGE
,	I-PRGE
3CL	I-PRGE
(	I-PRGE
pro	B-CHED
),	I-PRGE
is	O
a	O
key	O
target	O
for	O
broad	O
-	O
spectrum	O
antiviral	B-CHED
development	B-PROC
because	O
of	O
its	O
critical	O
role	O
in	O
viral	B-PROC
maturation	I-PROC
and	O
high	O
degree	O
of	O
structural	O
conservation	O
among	O
coronaviruses	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Alveolar	B-ANAT
dead	B-PROC
-	O
space	O
response	O
to	O
activated	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
C	I-PRGE
in	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
We	O
report	O
a	O
complicated	O
case	O
of	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
distress	O
syndrome	O
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
from	O
severe	B-DISO
sepsis	I-DISO
,	O
in	O
which	O
we	O
measured	O
the	O
ratio	O
of	O
physiologic	O
dead	B-PROC
space	O
to	O
tidal	O
volume	O
(	O
V	O
(	O
D	O
)/	O
V	O
(	O
T	O
))	O
with	O
volumetric	O
capnography	O
prior	O
to	O
,	O
during	O
,	O
and	O
after	O
therapy	O
with	O
human	B-SPEC
recombinant	O
activated	O
protein	B-CHED
C	O
.	O
Previous	O
studies	O
hypothesized	O
that	O
early	O
in	O
ARDS	B-DISO
,	O
elevated	O
V	O
(	O
D	O
)/	O
V	O
(	O
T	O
)	O
primarily	O
reflects	O
increased	O
alveolar	B-ANAT
V	O
(	O
D	O
),	O
probably	O
caused	O
by	O
pronounced	O
thrombi	B-DISO
formation	B-PROC
in	O
the	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
microvasculature	B-PROC
.	O

Thus	O
,	O
improved	O
alveolar	B-ANAT
perfusion	O
persisted	O
despite	O
signs	O
of	O
alveolar	B-ANAT
de	O
-	O
recruitment	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
In	O
vitro	O
reconstitution	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
mRNA	B-CHED
cap	B-DISO
methylation	B-PROC
.	O

We	O
show	O
that	O
mRNA	B-CHED
cap	B-DISO
methylation	B-PROC
requires	O
a	O
third	O
viral	O
protein	B-CHED
,	O
nsp10	O
,	O
which	O
acts	O
as	O
an	O
essential	O
trigger	O
to	O
complete	O
RNA	O
cap	B-DISO
-	O
1	O
formation	B-PROC
.	O

The	O
obligate	O
sequence	O
of	O
methylation	B-PROC
events	O
is	O
initiated	O
by	O
nsp14	O
,	O
which	O
first	O
methylates	O
capped	O
RNA	O
transcripts	O
to	O
generate	O
cap	O
-	O
0	O
(	O
7Me	O
)	O
GpppA	O
-	O
RNAs	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Murine	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
induces	O
type	B-PRGE
I	I-PRGE
interferon	I-PRGE
in	O
oligodendrocytes	B-ANAT
through	O
recognition	O
by	O
RIG	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
I	I-PRGE
and	O
MDA5	B-PRGE
.	O

We	O
show	O
that	O
MHV	B-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
activated	O
both	O
transcription	B-PROC
factors	O
,	O
the	O
IFN	B-PRGE
regulatory	I-PRGE
factor	I-PRGE
3	I-PRGE
(	O
IRF	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
3	I-PRGE
)	O
and	O
nuclear	B-PRGE
factor	I-PRGE
kappaB	I-PRGE
(	O
NF	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
kappaB	I-PRGE
),	O
as	O
evidenced	O
by	O
phosphorylation	B-PROC
and	O
nuclear	B-PROC
translocation	I-PROC
of	O
IRF	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
3	I-PRGE
and	O
an	O
increased	O
promoter	O
binding	B-PROC
activity	I-PROC
for	O
IRF	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
3	I-PRGE
and	O
NF	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
kappaB	I-PRGE
.	O
Furthermore	O
,	O
the	O
cytoplasmic	B-PRGE
pattern	I-PRGE
recognition	I-PRGE
receptor	I-PRGE
retinoic	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
-	O
inducible	O
gene	B-PRGE
I	I-PRGE
(	O
RIG	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
I	I-PRGE
)	O
was	O
induced	O
by	O
MHV	B-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
.	O

Knockdown	O
of	O
RIG	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
I	I-PRGE
by	O
small	O
interfering	O
RNAs	O
blocked	O
the	O
activation	O
of	O
IRF	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
3	I-PRGE
and	O
subsequent	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
alpha	I-PRGE
/	I-PRGE
beta	I-PRGE
production	O
induced	O
by	O
MHV	B-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
.	O

These	O
results	O
demonstrate	O
that	O
MHV	B-SPEC
is	O
recognized	O
by	O
both	O
RIG	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
I	I-PRGE
and	O
MDA5	B-PRGE
and	O
induces	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
alpha	I-PRGE
/	I-PRGE
beta	I-PRGE
through	O
the	O
activation	O
of	O
the	O
IRF	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
3	I-PRGE
signaling	B-PROC
pathway	I-PROC
.	O

Kolobow	O
and	O
Gattinoni	O
were	O
the	O
first	O
to	O
introduce	O
extracorporeal	O
support	O
,	O
with	O
the	O
intent	O
to	O
separate	O
carbon	B-CHED
dioxide	I-CHED
removal	O
from	O
oxygen	B-CHED
uptake	O
;	O
they	O
hypothesized	O
that	O
to	O
allow	O
the	O
lung	B-ANAT
to	O
'	B-FUNC
rest	I-FUNC
'	O
oxygenation	B-PROC
via	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
could	O
be	O
dissociated	O
from	O
decarboxylation	O
via	O
extracorporeal	O
carbon	B-CHED
dioxide	I-CHED
removal	O
.	O

The	O
focus	O
was	O
that	O
,	O
in	O
case	O
of	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
,	O
CO	O
(	O
2	O
)	O
extraction	O
facilitates	O
a	O
reduction	O
in	O
ventilatory	O
support	O
and	O
oxygenation	O
is	O
maintained	O
by	O
simple	O
diffusion	O
across	O
the	O
patient	O
'	O
s	O
alveoli	B-ANAT
,	O
called	O
'	B-DISO
apneic	I-DISO
oxygenation	B-PROC
'.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
year	O
2009	O
was	O
characterized	O
by	O
a	O
pandemic	O
with	O
a	O
new	O
virus	O
,	O
the	O
2009	O
H1N1	B-DISO
influenza	I-DISO
virus	O
.	O

Severe	O
falciparum	B-DISO
malaria	I-DISO
is	O
an	O
important	O
cause	O
of	O
multiple	B-DISO
organ	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
in	O
Indian	O
intensive	O
care	O
unit	O
(	O
ICU	O
)	O
patients	O
.	O

Jaundice	B-DISO
with	O
acute	B-DISO
renal	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
(	O
ARF	B-DISO
)	O
was	O
the	O
most	O
common	O
presentation	O
(	O
13	O
.	O
28	O
percent	O
),	O
followed	O
by	O
cerebral	B-DISO
malaria	B-PATH
with	O
jaundice	B-DISO
and	O
ARF	B-DISO
(	O
6	O
.	O
37	O
percent	O
),	O
and	O
jaundice	B-DISO
,	O
ARF	B-DISO
and	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
(	O
5	O
.	O
31	O
percent	O
).	O

We	O
report	O
a	O
case	O
of	O
AMAN	O
variant	O
of	O
GBS	B-DISO
associated	O
with	O
proven	O
H1N1	B-DISO
influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
infection	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Impact	O
of	O
zoonoses	B-DISO
on	O
human	B-SPEC
health	O
.	O

An	O
underlying	O
condition	B-DISO
was	O
present	O
in	O
83	O
%	O
of	O
the	O
patients	O
.	O

None	O
of	O
them	O
had	O
bronchiolitis	B-DISO
on	O
PICU	B-SPEC
admission	O
;	O
12	O
(	O
40	O
%)	O
had	O
bilateral	B-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
;	O
15	O
(	O
50	O
%)	O
had	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
;	O
and	O
nine	O
(	O
30	O
%)	O
had	O
shock	O
.	O

When	O
both	O
groups	O
were	O
compared	O
,	O
patients	O
with	O
influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
pH1N1	O
infection	B-DISO
were	O
older	O
;	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
,	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
,	O
and	O
shock	O
were	O
more	O
frequently	O
seen	O
at	O
the	O
time	O
of	O
PICU	B-SPEC
admission	O
,	O
although	O
length	O
of	O
stay	O
and	O
mortality	O
were	O
similar	O
.	O

The	O
RT	O
-	O
nPCR	O
method	O
can	O
be	O
used	O
to	O
effectively	O
detect	O
and	O
differentiate	O
wild	O
-	O
type	O
CDV	B-CHED
-	O
infected	O
dogs	B-SPEC
from	O
dogs	B-SPEC
vaccinated	O
with	O
CDV	B-CHED
vaccine	O
,	O
and	O
thus	O
can	O
be	O
used	O
in	O
clinical	O
detection	O
and	O
epidemiological	O
surveillance	O
.	O

The	O
usefulness	O
of	O
procalcitonin	O
and	O
C	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
reactive	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
as	O
indicators	O
of	O
the	O
presence	O
or	O
absence	O
of	O
viral	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
in	O
this	O
setting	O
also	O
needs	O
to	O
be	O
evaluated	O
.	O

In	O
our	O
study	O
,	O
serum	B-COMP
procalcitonin	O
and	O
C	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
reactive	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
did	O
not	O
discriminate	O
virus	B-SPEC
-	O
associated	O
exacerbations	O
from	O
others	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
feline	O
infectious	O
peritonitis	O
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
FIPV	O
)	O
is	O
a	O
mutated	O
form	O
of	O
the	O
feline	B-SPEC
enteric	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
(	O
FeCV	B-SPEC
)	O
that	O
can	O
present	O
with	O
a	O
variety	O
of	O
clinical	O
signs	O
.	O

Although	O
none	O
of	O
these	O
ultrasonographic	O
findings	O
are	O
specific	O
for	O
FIPV	O
infection	B-DISO
,	O
a	O
combination	O
of	O
these	O
findings	O
should	O
increase	O
the	O
index	O
of	O
suspicion	O
for	O
FIPV	O
infection	B-DISO
when	O
considered	O
along	O
with	O
appropriate	O
clinical	O
signs	O
.	O

One	O
alternative	O
to	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
soyabean	O
oil	O
is	O
its	O
partial	O
replacement	O
by	O
fish	B-SPEC
oil	O
,	O
which	O
contains	O
n	O
-	O
3	O
fatty	B-CHED
acids	I-CHED
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
CoV	O
)	O
3C	O
-	O
like	O
proteinase	B-PROC
(	O
3CLpro	O
),	O
located	O
in	O
nonstructural	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
5	I-PRGE
(	O
nsp5	B-PRGE
),	O
processes	O
the	O
replicase	B-PRGE
polyproteins	I-PRGE
1a	I-PRGE
and	I-PRGE
1ab	I-PRGE
(	O
pp1a	B-PRGE
and	O
pp1ab	O
)	O
at	O
11	O
specific	O
sites	O
to	O
produce	O
12	O
mature	O
nonstructural	O
proteins	B-CHED
(	O
nsp5	B-PRGE
to	O
nsp16	O
).	O

Here	O
,	O
we	O
investigate	O
the	O
effects	O
of	O
amino	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
substitution	O
at	O
the	O
P1	O
position	O
of	O
3CLpro	O
cleavage	B-PROC
sites	O
of	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
IBV	B-SPEC
)	O
on	O
the	O
cleavage	B-PROC
efficiency	O
and	O
viral	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
by	O
in	O
vitro	O
cleavage	B-PROC
assays	O
and	O
reverse	O
genetic	O
approaches	O
.	O

The	O
serum	B-COMP
levels	O
of	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
γ	I-PRGE
and	O
IL	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
4	I-PRGE
in	I-PRGE
groups	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
4	I-PRGE
were	O
higher	O
than	O
those	O
in	O
groups	O
5	O
and	O
6	O
.	O

Therapeutic	O
plasma	B-ANAT
exchange	O
was	O
used	O
as	O
a	O
rescue	O
strategy	O
.	O

This	O
very	O
limited	O
case	O
series	O
suggest	O
there	O
may	O
be	O
a	O
role	O
for	O
therapeutic	O
plasma	B-ANAT
exchange	O
as	O
a	O
rescue	O
therapy	O
in	O
severe	O
shock	O
and	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
related	O
to	O
pH1N1	O
that	O
has	O
not	O
responded	O
to	O
traditional	O
therapy	O
.	O

We	O
identified	O
and	O
analyzed	O
all	O
published	O
articles	O
on	O
the	O
epidemiology	O
of	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
outbreak	O
in	O
Hong	O
Kong	O
or	O
Toronto	O
.	O

To	O
facilitate	O
information	O
dissemination	O
,	O
journal	O
managers	O
should	O
reengineer	O
their	O
fast	B-FUNC
-	O
track	O
channels	O
,	O
which	O
should	O
be	O
adapted	O
to	O
the	O
purpose	O
of	O
an	O
emerging	O
outbreak	O
,	O
taking	O
into	O
account	O
the	O
requirement	O
of	O
high	O
standards	O
of	O
quality	O
for	O
scientific	O
journals	O
and	O
competition	O
with	O
other	O
online	O
resources	O
.	O

Pulmonary	B-ANAT
pseudocysts	B-DISO
are	O
reported	O
in	O
adults	O
recovering	O
from	O
ARDS	B-DISO
,	O
usually	O
in	O
non	O
-	O
dependent	O
lung	B-ANAT
regions	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Two	O
fatal	O
cases	O
of	O
hidden	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
in	O
young	O
people	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
is	O
a	O
severe	O
lung	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
characterized	O
by	O
inflammation	B-DISO
of	O
the	O
lung	B-ANAT
parenchyma	I-ANAT
leading	O
to	O
impaired	B-DISO
gas	I-DISO
exchange	I-DISO
.	O

In	O
both	O
cases	O
the	O
cause	O
of	O
death	B-PROC
was	O
cardio	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
following	O
an	O
acute	O
bilateral	B-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
with	O
diffuse	B-DISO
alveolar	I-DISO
damage	I-DISO
and	O
ARDS	B-DISO
associated	O
with	O
sepsis	B-DISO
and	O
disseminated	B-DISO
intravascular	I-DISO
coagulation	I-DISO
.	O

Although	O
many	O
tools	O
have	O
been	O
developed	O
for	O
the	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
,	O
false	O
-	O
positive	O
reactions	O
in	O
negative	O
sera	B-COMP
may	O
occur	O
because	O
of	O
cross	O
-	O
reactivity	O
with	O
other	O
coronaviruses	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Avian	B-SPEC
infectious	I-DISO
bronchitis	I-DISO
viruses	B-SPEC
(	O
IBVs	O
)	O
isolated	O
from	O
commercial	O
layer	B-ANAT
flocks	O
kept	O
in	O
Ibaraki	O
Prefecture	O
in	O
2009	O
were	O
genetically	O
and	O
serologically	O
characterized	O
.	O

Here	O
,	O
we	O
demonstrate	O
that	O
the	O
-	O
123A	O
minor	O
allele	O
provided	O
stronger	O
binding	B-FUNC
affinity	O
to	O
nuclear	O
proteins	B-CHED
extracted	O
from	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
beta	I-PRGE
-	O
untreated	O
cells	B-COMP
than	O
did	O
the	O
wild	O
-	O
type	O
allele	O
,	O
whereas	O
the	O
-	O
88T	O
allele	O
showed	O
preferential	O
binding	B-FUNC
after	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
beta	I-PRGE
stimulation	O
.	O

Rarely	O
,	O
patients	O
develop	O
severe	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
that	O
progresses	O
to	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
),	O
which	O
has	O
a	O
high	O
mortality	O
rate	O
.	O

Updated	O
guidelines	O
from	O
the	O
Infectious	O
Diseases	O
Society	O
of	O
America	O
are	O
available	O
to	O
aid	O
clinicians	O
in	O
the	O
management	O
of	O
the	O
various	O
forms	O
of	O
blastomycosis	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Infidelity	O
of	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
Nsp14	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
exonuclease	I-PRGE
mutant	B-DISO
virus	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
is	O
revealed	O
by	O
complete	O
genome	O
sequencing	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Most	O
RNA	O
viruses	O
lack	O
the	O
mechanisms	O
to	O
recognize	O
and	O
correct	O
mutations	O
that	O
arise	O
during	O
genome	O
replication	O
,	O
resulting	O
in	O
quasispecies	O
diversity	O
that	O
is	O
required	O
for	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
and	O
adaptation	B-PROC
.	O

Using	O
novel	O
bioinformatic	O
tools	O
and	O
deep	O
sequencing	O
across	O
the	O
full	O
-	O
length	O
genome	O
following	O
10	O
population	O
passages	O
in	O
vitro	O
,	O
we	O
demonstrate	O
retention	B-PROC
of	O
ExoN	O
mutations	O
and	O
continued	O
increased	O
diversity	O
and	O
mutational	O
load	O
compared	O
to	O
wild	O
-	O
type	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
.	O
The	O
results	O
define	O
a	O
novel	O
genetic	O
and	O
bioinformatics	O
model	O
for	O
introduction	O
and	O
identification	O
of	O
multi	O
-	O
allelic	O
mutations	O
in	O
replication	O
competent	O
viruses	B-SPEC
that	O
will	O
be	O
powerful	O
tools	O
for	O
testing	O
the	O
effects	O
of	O
decreased	O
fidelity	O
and	O
increased	O
quasispecies	O
diversity	O
on	O
viral	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
,	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
evolution	B-PROC
.	O

The	O
parameters	O
were	O
compared	O
with	O
a	O
control	O
group	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
8	O
),	O
receiving	O
only	O
PRCV	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
LPS	I-PRGE
.	O

Anti	O
-	O
Toxoplasma	B-SPEC
gondii	I-SPEC
antibodies	B-COMP
were	O
detected	O
in	O
47	O
/	O
194	O
samples	O
(	O
24	O
.	O
2	O
%);	O
anti	O
-	O
Leishmania	B-SPEC
infantum	I-SPEC
antibodies	B-COMP
in	O
1	O
/	O
180	O
cats	B-SPEC
(	O
0	O
.	O
6	O
%);	O
intestinal	B-DISO
parasites	I-DISO
in	O
23	O
/	O
74	O
samples	O
(	O
Toxocara	B-SPEC
cati	I-SPEC
,	O
Isospora	B-SPEC
felis	I-SPEC
,	O
Ancylostoma	B-SPEC
tubaeforme	I-SPEC
,	O
Dipylidium	B-SPEC
caninum	I-SPEC
,	O
Uncinaria	B-SPEC
stenocephala	I-SPEC
,	O
Toxascaris	B-SPEC
leonina	I-SPEC
)	O
and	O
Otodectes	B-SPEC
cynotis	I-SPEC
in	O
4	O
/	O
182	O
cats	B-SPEC
(	O
2	O
.	O
2	O
%);	O
dermatophyte	B-SPEC
fungi	B-SPEC
were	O
isolated	O
in	O
40	O
/	O
136	O
samples	O
(	O
29	O
.	O
4	O
%);	O
feline	B-SPEC
immunodeficiency	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
antibodies	B-COMP
were	O
detected	O
in	O
23	O
/	O
226	O
samples	O
(	O
10	O
.	O
2	O
%);	O
feline	O
leukaemia	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
antigen	B-CHED
in	O
14	O
/	O
198	O
samples	O
(	O
7	O
.	O
1	O
%);	O
and	O
feline	B-SPEC
coronavirus	B-SPEC
RNA	O
in	O
9	O
/	O
127	O
samples	O
(	O
7	O
.	O
1	O
%).	O

Our	O
results	O
revealed	O
that	O
zoonotic	O
agents	O
,	O
namely	O
dermatophyte	B-SPEC
fungi	B-SPEC
and	O
Toxocara	B-SPEC
cati	I-SPEC
were	O
present	O
in	O
stray	O
cat	B-SPEC
colonies	O
in	O
the	O
investigated	O
counties	O
.	O

Overall	O
the	O
low	O
frequency	O
of	O
major	O
pathogens	O
suggests	O
a	O
balanced	O
relationship	O
between	O
host	B-COMP
and	O
agents	O
.	O

In	O
the	O
cathepsin	B-PRGE
L	I-PRGE
inhibition	B-PROC
assay	O
,	O
the	O
oxocarbazate	O
caused	O
a	O
time	O
-	O
dependent	O
17	O
-	O
fold	O
drop	O
in	O
IC	O
(	O
50	O
)	O
from	O
6	O
.	O
9	O
nM	O
(	O
no	O
preincubation	O
)	O
to	O
0	O
.	O
4	O
nM	O
(	O
4	O
-	O
h	O
preincubation	O
).	O

A	O
transient	O
kinetic	O
analysis	O
using	O
a	O
single	O
-	O
step	O
competitive	B-PROC
inhibition	I-PROC
model	O
provided	O
rate	O
constants	O
of	O
k	O
(	O
on	O
)	O
=	O
153	O
,	O
000	O
M	O
(-	O
1	O
)	O
s	O
(-	O
1	O
)	O
and	O
k	O
(	O
off	O
)	O
=	O
4	O
.	O
40	O
x	O
10	O
(-	O
5	O
)	O
s	O
(-	O
1	O
)	O
(	O
K	O
(	O
i	O
)	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
29	O
nM	O
).	O

These	O
included	O
proteins	B-CHED
regulated	O
by	O
NF	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
kappaB	I-PRGE
-	O
and	O
AP	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
-	O
dependent	O
pathways	B-PROC
and	O
proteins	B-CHED
involved	O
in	O
the	O
cytoskeleton	B-COMP
and	O
molecular	O
motors	O
.	O

This	O
research	O
is	O
the	O
first	O
application	O
of	O
SILAC	O
to	O
study	O
total	O
host	B-COMP
cell	I-COMP
proteome	O
changes	O
in	O
response	O
to	O
positive	O
sense	B-PROC
RNA	B-DISO
virus	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
and	O
illustrates	O
the	O
versatility	O
of	O
this	O
technique	O
as	O
applied	O
to	O
infectious	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
research	O
.	O

Anti	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
neutrophil	I-PRGE
cytoplasmic	B-COMP
antibody	B-COMP
(	O
ANCA	B-PRGE
)	O
associated	O
vasculitis	B-DISO
""""	O
and	O
glomerular	B-ANAT
basement	I-ANAT
membrane	I-ANAT
"("""	O
Goodpasture	O
'	O
s	O
""")"	O
disease	O
are	O
the	O
commonest	O
causes	O
but	O
other	O
pathologies	O
including	O
systemic	B-PATH
lupus	I-PATH
erythematosus	I-PATH
and	O
the	O
anti	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
phospholipid	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
are	O
also	O
implicated	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Indications	O
for	O
blood	B-ANAT
purification	O
in	O
critical	O
care	O
.	O

As	O
an	O
artificial	O
kidney	B-ANAT
,	O
continuous	O
blood	B-ANAT
purification	O
(	O
such	O
as	O
continuous	O
hemofiltration	O
and	O
continuous	O
hemodiafiltration	O
,	O
CHDF	O
)	O
is	O
widely	O
applied	O
in	O
intensive	O
care	O
units	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
our	O
understanding	O
of	O
the	O
pathophysiology	O
of	O
sepsis	B-DISO
has	O
changed	O
since	O
the	O
concept	O
of	O
pattern	O
recognition	O
receptors	O
and	O
pathogen	O
-	O
associated	O
molecular	O
patterns	O
was	O
introduced	O
.	O

Of	O
126	O
eligible	O
patients	O
,	O
99	O
survived	O
>	O
or	O
=	O
3	O
months	O
after	O
critical	B-DISO
illness	I-DISO
;	O
long	O
-	O
term	O
cognitive	O
outcomes	O
were	O
obtained	O
for	O
77	O
(	O
78	O
%)	O
patients	O
.	O

At	O
3	O
-	O
mo	O
and	O
12	O
-	O
mo	O
follow	O
-	O
up	O
,	O
79	O
%	O
and	O
71	O
%	O
of	O
survivors	O
had	O
cognitive	B-DISO
impairment	I-DISO
,	O
respectively	O
(	O
with	O
62	O
%	O
and	O
36	O
%	O
being	O
severely	O
impaired	O
).	O

Duration	O
of	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
,	O
alternatively	O
,	O
was	O
not	O
associated	O
with	O
long	O
-	O
term	O
cognitive	B-DISO
impairment	I-DISO
(	O
p	O
=.	O
20	O
and	O
.	O
58	O
).	O

In	O
this	O
study	O
of	O
mechanically	O
ventilated	O
medical	O
intensive	O
care	O
unit	O
patients	O
,	O
duration	O
of	O
delirium	B-DISO
(	O
which	O
is	O
potentially	O
modifiable	O
)	O
was	O
independently	O
associated	O
with	O
long	O
-	O
term	O
cognitive	B-DISO
impairment	I-DISO
,	O
a	O
common	O
public	O
health	O
problem	O
among	O
intensive	O
care	O
unit	O
survivors	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Prone	O
positioning	O
improves	O
survival	O
in	O
severe	O
ARDS	B-DISO
:	O
a	O
pathophysiologic	O
review	O
and	O
individual	O
patient	O
meta	O
-	O
analysis	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Prone	O
positioning	O
has	O
been	O
used	O
for	O
over	O
30	O
years	O
in	O
the	O
management	O
of	O
patients	O
with	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
).	O

On	O
the	O
other	O
hand	O
,	O
all	O
data	O
suggest	O
that	O
long	O
-	O
term	O
prone	O
positioning	O
may	O
expose	O
patients	O
with	O
less	O
severe	O
ARDS	B-DISO
to	O
unnecessary	O
complications	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
We	O
describe	O
the	O
public	O
health	O
control	O
measures	O
implemented	O
in	O
Singapore	O
to	O
limit	O
the	O
spread	O
of	O
influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
(	O
H1N1	O
-	O
2009	O
)	O
and	O
mitigate	O
its	O
social	O
effects	O
.	O

Contact	O
tracing	O
and	O
QOs	O
tapered	O
off	O
,	O
and	O
border	B-ANAT
temperature	O
screening	O
ended	O
.	O

Documenting	O
the	O
measures	O
taken	O
and	O
lessons	O
learnt	O
provides	O
a	O
learning	B-PROC
opportunity	O
for	O
both	O
doctors	O
and	O
policy	O
makers	O
,	O
and	O
can	O
help	O
fortify	O
Singapore	O
'	O
s	O
ability	O
to	O
respond	O
to	O
future	O
major	O
disease	O
outbreaks	O
.	O

Furthermore	O
,	O
these	O
therapies	O
are	O
already	O
used	O
clinically	O
for	O
other	O
conditions	O
and	O
could	O
readily	O
be	O
tested	O
in	O
clinical	O
studies	O
of	O
alcoholics	O
at	O
high	O
risk	O
for	O
ARDS	B-DISO
and	O
/	O
or	O
with	O
severe	O
lung	B-ANAT
infections	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
nucleocapsid	B-COMP
protein	B-CHED
(	O
NP	O
)	O
of	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
may	O
be	O
critical	O
for	O
pathogenicity	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Early	O
intermittent	O
noninvasive	O
ventilation	O
for	O
acute	B-DISO
chest	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
in	O
adults	O
with	O
sickle	B-ANAT
cell	B-COMP
disease	I-DISO
:	O
a	O
pilot	O
study	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Alveolar	B-ANAT
hypoxia	B-DISO
and	O
hypoxic	B-DISO
vasoconstriction	B-DISO
lead	O
to	O
trapping	O
of	O
sickle	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
within	O
the	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
vasculature	I-ANAT
.	O

NIV	O
promptly	O
lowered	O
the	O
respiratory	O
rate	O
,	O
raised	O
PaO2	O
,	O
and	O
decreased	O
alveolar	B-ANAT
-	O
arterial	B-ANAT
oxygen	B-CHED
gradient	O
((	O
A	O
-	O
a	O
)	O
O2	O
),	O
which	O
remained	O
unchanged	O
with	O
oxygen	B-CHED
alone	O
.	O

PaCO2significantly	O
worsened	O
only	O
in	O
the	O
oxygen	B-CHED
group	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Seventy	O
-	O
one	O
consecutive	O
ACS	B-FUNC
episodes	O
in	O
67	O
patients	O
were	O
randomly	O
allocated	O
to	O
oxygen	B-CHED
(	O
n	O
=	O
36	O
)	O
or	O
NIV	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
35	O
)	O
for	O
3	O
days	O
in	O
a	O
medical	O
step	O
-	O
down	O
unit	O
.	O

Acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
is	O
a	O
serious	O
and	O
fatal	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
manifestation	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Varicella	B-DISO
zoster	I-DISO
virus	I-SPEC
in	O
progressive	O
forms	O
of	O
multiple	B-DISO
sclerosis	I-DISO
.	O

Both	O
,	O
the	O
molecular	O
and	O
the	O
ultrastructural	O
evidence	O
of	O
VZV	B-SPEC
became	O
negative	O
in	O
the	O
same	O
patients	O
at	O
the	O
time	O
of	O
remission	B-DISO
.	O

In	O
this	O
study	O
we	O
investigated	O
the	O
role	O
of	O
the	O
UPS	O
in	O
different	O
steps	O
of	O
the	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
CoV	O
)	O
infection	B-DISO
cycle	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Many	O
viruses	B-SPEC
,	O
including	O
coronaviruses	O
(	O
CoVs	O
),	O
depend	O
on	O
a	O
functional	O
cellular	B-COMP
proteasome	B-PATH
for	O
efficient	O
infection	B-DISO
in	O
vitro	O
.	O

No	O
patients	O
on	O
V	O
-	O
A	O
ECLS	O
support	O
after	O
cardiac	B-DISO
arrest	I-DISO
survived	O
(	O
N	O
=	O
4	O
).	O

We	O
constructed	O
a	O
large	O
protein	B-CHED
containing	O
the	O
cyan	O
fluorescent	O
protein	B-CHED
(	O
C	O
),	O
the	O
N	O
-	O
terminal	O
flanking	O
substrate	O
peptide	B-CHED
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
3CL	O
(	O
pro	B-CHED
)	O
(	O
XX	O
),	O
SARS	B-PRGE
3CL	I-PRGE
(	I-PRGE
pro	B-CHED
)	I-PRGE
(	I-PRGE
3CLP	I-PRGE
),	I-PRGE
and	O
the	O
yellow	O
fluorescent	O
protein	B-CHED
(	O
Y	O
)	O
to	O
study	O
the	O
autoprocessing	O
of	O
3CL	O
(	O
pro	B-CHED
)	O
using	O
fluorescence	O
resonance	O
energy	B-PROC
transfer	I-PROC
.	O

As	O
many	O
viral	O
proteases	O
undergo	O
a	O
similar	O
maturation	B-PROC
process	O
,	O
this	O
model	O
might	O
be	O
generally	O
applicable	O
.	O

Another	O
area	O
in	O
middle	O
-	O
west	O
Sweden	O
(	O
Värmland	O
-	O
Dalarna	O
)	O
had	O
also	O
a	O
lower	O
prevalence	O
for	O
BRSV	B-SPEC
(	O
7	O
.	O
9	O
%).	O

These	O
compounds	O
are	O
inhibitors	B-CHED
of	O
the	O
HCV	B-PRGE
NS3	B-DISO
serine	B-CHED
protease	I-PRGE
,	O
and	O
structural	O
studies	O
show	O
that	O
they	O
inhibit	O
the	O
NS3	B-PRGE
protease	I-PRGE
by	O
trapping	O
the	O
Ser	B-COMP
-	O
139	O
hydroxyl	B-CHED
group	I-CHED
in	O
the	O
active	O
site	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
SARS	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
unique	O
domain	O
:	O
three	O
-	O
domain	O
molecular	O
architecture	O
in	O
solution	O
and	O
RNA	B-FUNC
binding	I-FUNC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Nonstructural	O
protein	B-CHED
3	O
of	O
the	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
includes	O
a	O
""""	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
unique	O
domain	O
""""	O
(	O
SUD	O
)	O
consisting	O
of	O
three	O
globular	O
domains	O
separated	O
by	O
short	O
linker	O
peptide	B-CHED
segments	O
.	O

SUD	O
-	O
C	O
adopts	O
a	O
frataxin	O
like	O
fold	O
and	O
has	O
structural	O
similarity	O
to	O
DNA	O
-	O
binding	B-FUNC
domains	O
of	O
DNA	O
-	O
modifying	O
enzymes	O
.	O

Overall	O
,	O
the	O
present	O
data	O
provide	O
evidence	O
for	O
molecular	O
mechanisms	O
involving	O
the	O
concerted	O
actions	O
of	O
SUD	O
-	O
M	O
and	O
SUD	O
-	O
C	O
,	O
which	O
result	O
in	O
specific	O
RNA	B-FUNC
binding	I-FUNC
that	O
might	O
be	O
unique	O
to	O
the	O
SUD	O
and	O
,	O
thus	O
,	O
to	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Synthesis	B-PROC
,	O
docking	B-PROC
studies	O
,	O
and	O
evaluation	O
of	O
pyrimidines	B-CHED
as	O
inhibitors	B-CHED
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
3CL	I-PRGE
protease	I-PRGE
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
This	O
paper	O
examines	O
how	O
companies	O
'	O
pandemic	O
response	O
planning	O
has	O
evolved	O
from	O
the	O
2002	O
SARS	B-DISO
epidemic	O
through	O
to	O
the	O
H1N1	O
pandemic	O
that	O
emerged	O
in	O
2009	O
.	O

The	O
does	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
corresponding	O
to	O
10	O
%	O
and	O
50	O
%	O
responses	O
(	O
illness	O
)	O
were	O
estimated	O
at	O
43	O
and	O
280	O
PFU	B-CHED
,	O
respectively	O
.	O

The	O
estimated	O
dose	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
for	O
apartment	O
residents	O
during	O
the	O
outbreak	O
,	O
which	O
was	O
back	B-ANAT
-	O
calculated	O
from	O
the	O
reported	O
number	O
of	O
cases	O
,	O
ranged	O
from	O
16	O
to	O
160	O
PFU	B-CHED
/	O
person	O
,	O
depending	O
on	O
the	O
floor	O
.	O

The	O
lung	B-PRGE
ET	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
level	O
in	O
the	O
VT20	O
group	O
was	O
significantly	O
higher	O
than	O
that	O
in	O
the	O
VT6	O
group	O
and	O
VT10	O
group	O
(	O
both	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
)	O
while	O
there	O
was	O
no	O
significant	O
difference	O
in	O
lung	B-ANAT
NO	O
levels	O
between	O
two	O
groups	O
(	O
P	O
>	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
).	O

Test	O
PCR	O
for	O
influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
/	O
H1N1	O
was	O
the	O
basis	O
in	O
diagnostics	O
procedures	O
of	O
the	O
new	O
pandemic	O
influenza	B-DISO
confirmation	O
.	O

Oseltamivir	B-CHED
safety	O
and	O
tolerability	O
were	O
verified	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
new	O
variant	O
infection	B-DISO
A	O
/	O
H1N1	O
.	O

Illness	O
-	O
related	O
fatalities	O
have	O
been	O
recorded	O
among	O
individuals	O
hospitalized	O
in	O
The	O
Hospital	O
For	O
Infectious	B-DISO
Diseases	I-DISO
in	O
Warsaw	O
,	O
Poland	O
.	O

Two	O
woman	O
with	O
clinically	O
-	O
relevant	O
obesity	B-DISO
have	O
developed	O
rapid	O
progression	O
of	O
respiratory	B-DISO
insufficiency	I-DISO
and	O
were	O
still	O
on	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
.	O

In	O
a	O
sample	O
of	O
Kenyan	O
infants	O
and	O
children	O
admitted	O
with	O
severe	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
to	O
a	O
rural	O
hospital	O
,	O
RSV	B-SPEC
was	O
the	O
predominant	O
viral	O
pathogen	O
.	O

Compared	O
with	O
well	O
control	O
participants	O
,	O
detection	O
of	O
RSV	B-PRGE
was	O
associated	O
with	O
severe	O
disease	O
(	O
5	O
%	O
[	O
corrected	O
]	O
in	O
control	O
participants	O
;	O
adjusted	O
odds	O
ratio	O
,	O
6	O
.	O
11	O
[	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
,	O
1	O
.	O
65	O
-	O
22	O
.	O
6	O
])	O
while	O
collectively	O
,	O
other	O
respiratory	O
viruses	B-SPEC
were	O
not	O
associated	O
with	O
severe	O
disease	O
(	O
23	O
%	O
in	O
control	O
participants	O
;	O
adjusted	O
odds	O
ratio	O
,	O
1	O
.	O
27	O
[	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
,	O
0	O
.	O
64	O
-	O
2	O
.	O
52	O
]).	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
In	O
the	O
2003	O
Toronto	O
SARS	O
outbreak	O
,	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
was	O
transmitted	B-DISO
in	O
hospitals	O
despite	O
adherence	O
to	O
infection	B-DISO
control	O
procedures	O
.	O

All	O
HCWs	O
who	O
provided	O
care	O
to	O
intubated	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
during	O
treatment	O
or	O
transportation	O
and	O
who	O
entered	O
a	O
patient	O
room	O
or	O
had	O
direct	O
patient	O
contact	O
from	O
24	O
hours	O
before	O
to	O
4	O
hours	O
after	O
intubation	O
were	O
eligible	O
for	O
this	O
study	O
.	O

In	O
multivariate	O
GEE	O
logistic	O
regression	O
models	O
,	O
presence	O
in	O
the	O
room	O
during	O
fiberoptic	O
intubation	O
(	O
OR	O
=	O
2	O
.	O
79	O
,	O
p	O
=	O
.	O
004	O
)	O
or	O
ECG	O
(	O
OR	O
=	O
3	O
.	O
52	O
,	O
p	O
=	O
.	O
002	O
),	O
unprotected	O
eye	B-ANAT
contact	O
with	O
secretions	B-ANAT
(	O
OR	O
=	O
7	O
.	O
34	O
,	O
p	O
=	O
.	O
001	O
),	O
patient	O
APACHE	O
II	O
score	O
>	O
or	O
=	O
20	O
(	O
OR	O
=	O
17	O
.	O
05	O
,	O
p	O
=	O
.	O
009	O
)	O
and	O
patient	O
Pa0	O
(	O
2	O
)/	O
Fi0	O
(	O
2	O
)	O
ratio	O
<	O
or	O
=	O
59	O
(	O
OR	O
=	O
8	O
.	O
65	O
,	O
p	O
=	O
.	O
001	O
)	O
were	O
associated	O
with	O
increased	O
risk	O
of	O
transmission	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
.	O
In	O
CART	O
analyses	O
,	O
the	O
four	O
covariates	O
which	O
explained	O
the	O
greatest	O
amount	O
of	O
variation	O
in	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
transmission	O
were	O
covariates	O
representing	O
individual	O
patients	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
We	O
describe	O
the	O
case	O
of	O
an	O
immunosuppressed	O
transplant	B-ANAT
recipient	O
with	O
disseminated	B-DISO
blastomycosis	I-DISO
(	O
cutaneous	O
,	O
central	B-ANAT
nervous	I-ANAT
system	I-ANAT
,	O
and	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
)	O
complicated	O
by	O
septic	B-DISO
shock	I-DISO
and	O
severe	O
,	O
refractory	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
that	O
improved	O
markedly	O
and	O
rapidly	O
after	O
the	O
addition	O
of	O
corticosteroids	B-CHED
to	O
the	O
antifungal	B-CHED
regimen	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Sanjad	O
--	O
Sakati	B-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SSS	O
)	O
is	O
a	O
genetic	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
confined	O
to	O
Arab	O
populations	O
in	O
the	O
Middle	O
-	O
East	O
countries	O
and	O
characterized	O
by	O
hypoparathyroidism	B-DISO
,	O
hypocalcaemia	B-DISO
and	O
hyperphosphataemia	B-DISO
,	O
severe	O
intrauterine	B-ANAT
and	O
postnatal	O
growth	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
,	O
respiratory	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
susceptibility	O
prone	O
,	O
dwarfism	B-DISO
,	O
mental	B-DISO
retardation	I-DISO
,	O
seizures	B-DISO
,	O
craniofacial	B-ANAT
dysmorphic	B-DISO
features	I-DISO
as	O
retromicrognathia	O
and	O
abnormal	O
dentition	B-ANAT
.	O

Plaque	B-DISO
removal	O
,	O
restorations	O
and	O
extractions	O
of	O
infected	O
teeth	B-ANAT
were	O
performed	O
.	O

We	O
propose	O
a	O
novel	O
mechanism	O
whereby	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
fusion	O
protein	B-PROC
function	I-PROC
can	O
be	O
controlled	O
by	O
spatial	O
regulation	B-PROC
of	O
the	O
proteolytic	O
priming	O
site	O
,	O
with	O
important	O
implications	O
for	O
viral	B-DISO
pathogenesis	I-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Avoidance	O
behaviors	B-PROC
and	O
negative	O
psychological	B-DISO
responses	O
in	O
the	O
general	O
population	O
in	O
the	O
initial	O
stage	O
of	O
the	O
H1N1	O
pandemic	O
in	O
Hong	O
Kong	O
.	O

Such	O
avoidance	O
behaviors	B-PROC
could	O
greatly	O
impact	O
daily	O
routines	O
of	O
the	O
community	O
and	O
the	O
local	O
economy	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
This	O
study	O
found	O
that	O
76	O
.	O
5	O
%	O
of	O
the	O
respondents	O
currently	O
avoided	O
going	O
out	O
or	O
visiting	O
crowded	O
places	O
or	O
hospitals	O
,	O
whilst	O
15	O
%	O
felt	O
much	O
worried	O
about	O
contracting	O
H1N1	O
and	O
6	O
%	O
showed	O
signs	O
of	O
emotional	B-DISO
distress	I-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Duodenal	B-ANAT
perforation	I-DISO
due	O
to	O
a	O
kink	O
in	O
a	O
nasojejunal	O
feeding	O
tube	O
in	O
a	O
patient	O
with	O
severe	O
acute	B-DISO
pancreatitis	I-DISO
:	O
a	O
case	O
report	O
.	O

Uniformed	O
Service	O
Nurses	O
'	O
devoted	O
to	O
caring	O
for	O
patients	O
with	O
SARS	B-DISO
during	O
the	O
outbreak	O
made	O
significant	O
contributions	O
to	O
the	O
prevention	O
and	O
control	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
.	O

Lung	B-ANAT
tissue	I-ANAT
was	O
submitted	O
for	O
viral	O
and	O
bacteriological	O
analyses	O
by	O
real	O
-	O
time	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
,	O
and	O
autopsy	O
was	O
conducted	O
on	O
all	O
patients	O
who	O
died	B-PROC
.	O

All	O
deaths	B-PROC
occurred	O
due	O
to	O
multiple	B-DISO
organ	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
.	O

Other	O
lung	B-ANAT
findings	O
were	O
necrotizing	B-DISO
bronchiolitis	I-DISO
or	O
extensive	O
hemorrhage	B-DISO
.	O

Phosphorylation	B-PROC
levels	O
of	O
nuclear	B-PRGE
factor	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
kappaB	I-PRGE
induced	O
by	O
tumor	B-FUNC
necrosis	I-FUNC
factor	I-FUNC
,	O
bacterial	B-PRGE
lipopolysaccharide	I-PRGE
,	I-PRGE
muramyl	B-CHED
dipeptide	I-CHED
,	I-PRGE
Escherichia	B-SPEC
coli	I-SPEC
,	I-PRGE
Staphylococcus	B-SPEC
aureus	I-SPEC
,	O
and	O
Staphylococcus	B-SPEC
epidermidis	I-SPEC
were	O
significantly	O
lower	O
in	O
patients	O
'	O
monocytes	B-ANAT
than	O
monocytes	B-ANAT
of	O
healthy	O
reference	O
subjects	O
,	O
whereas	O
mitogen	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
activated	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
kinase	I-PRGE
p38	B-FUNC
phosphorylation	B-PROC
levels	O
were	O
normal	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
role	O
of	O
extracorporeal	O
membrane	O
oxygenation	B-PROC
(	O
ECMO	B-PROC
)	O
in	O
the	O
treatment	O
of	O
the	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
is	O
controversial	O
,	O
notwithstanding	O
the	O
recent	O
publication	O
of	O
the	O
results	O
of	O
the	O
CESAR	O
(	O
Conventional	O
Ventilation	O
or	O
ECMO	B-PROC
for	O
Severe	O
Adult	O
Respiratory	B-DISO
Failure	I-DISO
)	O
trial	O
.	O

Critically	O
ill	O
patients	O
with	O
H1N1	O
infection	B-DISO
frequently	O
exhibit	O
right	B-ANAT
heart	I-ANAT
dilatation	B-DISO
and	O
failure	O
.	O

We	O
will	O
assess	O
the	O
temporal	O
patterns	O
of	O
healthcare	O
utilization	O
rates	O
before	O
,	O
during	O
and	O
after	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
restrictions	O
in	O
different	O
regions	O
using	O
administrative	O
health	O
databases	O
and	O
longitudinal	O
data	O
analysis	O
methods	O
(	O
generalized	O
estimating	O
equations	O
).	O

Interestingly	O
,	O
21	O
of	O
the	O
total	O
host	B-COMP
proteins	B-CHED
have	O
not	O
been	O
reported	O
to	O
be	O
present	O
in	O
virions	B-COMP
of	O
other	O
virus	B-SPEC
families	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
major	O
vault	O
protein	B-CHED
,	O
TENP	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
,	O
ovalbumin	B-PRGE
,	O
and	O
scavenger	B-PRGE
receptor	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
.	O

Treatment	O
with	O
anti	O
-	O
CXCL12	O
[	O
stromal	O
derived	O
factor	O
-	O
1alpha	O
,	O
(	O
SDF	O
-	O
1alpha	O
)]	O
blocking	B-DISO
serum	B-COMP
resulted	O
in	O
a	O
marked	O
impairment	B-DISO
in	O
migration	B-PROC
and	O
proliferation	B-DISO
of	O
engrafted	O
stem	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Recently	O
,	O
global	O
health	O
and	O
global	O
health	O
surveillance	O
have	O
received	O
unprecedented	O
recognition	O
of	O
their	O
importance	O
because	O
of	O
the	O
newly	O
emerging	O
and	O
reemerging	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
,	O
new	O
cycles	O
of	O
pandemics	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
threats	O
of	O
bioterrorism	O
.	O

Here	O
,	O
we	O
show	O
that	O
,	O
in	O
apparent	O
contrast	O
to	O
human	B-SPEC
and	O
ungulate	O
host	B-COMP
range	O
variants	O
of	O
Betacoronavirus	B-SPEC
-	O
1	O
,	O
murine	B-SPEC
coronaviruses	O
actually	O
bind	B-FUNC
to	O
O	O
-	O
Ac	O
-	O
Sias	O
via	O
HE	O
exclusively	O
.	O

Downregulation	B-PROC
of	O
LC3	O
,	O
but	O
not	O
inactivation	B-DISO
of	O
host	B-COMP
cell	I-COMP
autophagy	B-PROC
,	O
protects	O
cells	B-COMP
from	O
CoV	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

Open	O
reading	O
frame	O
3	O
(	O
ORF3	O
)	O
is	O
the	O
only	O
accessory	O
gene	O
in	O
the	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
genome	O
.	O

The	O
entire	O
ORF3	O
genes	O
of	O
12	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
field	O
strains	O
and	O
one	O
vaccine	O
strain	O
were	O
sequenced	O
.	O

Incubation	O
of	O
the	O
GA08	O
strain	O
of	O
IBV	B-SPEC
at	O
56	O
degrees	O
C	O
and	O
passage	O
in	O
embryonated	O
eggs	O
was	O
used	O
as	O
a	O
method	O
to	O
fast	B-FUNC
track	O
the	O
attenuation	O
process	O
.	O

Severe	O
viral	B-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
predominated	O
in	O
these	O
patients	O
,	O
mean	O
APACHE	O
was	O
18	O
,	O
average	O
PaO	B-PROC
(	O
2	O
)/	O
FiO	O
(	O
2	O
)	O
on	O
admission	O
was	O
74	O
.	O
9	O
,	O
100	O
%	O
had	O
multisystemic	O
involvement	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
swine	O
influenza	O
(	O
H1N1	O
)	O
outbreak	O
in	O
2009	O
highlighted	O
the	O
ethical	O
and	O
legal	O
pressures	O
facing	O
general	O
practitioners	O
and	O
health	O
workers	O
in	O
emergency	B-DISO
departments	O
in	O
determining	O
the	O
nature	O
and	O
limits	O
of	O
their	O
obligations	O
to	O
their	O
patients	O
and	O
the	O
public	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Amiodarone	B-CHED
:	O
review	O
of	O
pulmonary	B-PROC
effects	I-PROC
and	O
toxicity	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Amiodarone	B-CHED
,	O
a	O
bi	O
-	O
iodinated	O
benzofuran	B-CHED
derivative	O
,	O
is	O
,	O
because	O
of	O
its	O
high	O
effectiveness	O
,	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
most	O
widely	O
used	O
antiarrhythmic	O
agents	O
.	O

Amiodarone	B-CHED
-	O
related	O
adverse	O
pulmonary	B-PROC
effects	I-PROC
may	O
develop	O
as	O
early	O
as	O
from	O
the	O
first	O
few	O
days	O
of	O
treatment	O
to	O
several	O
years	O
later	O
.	O

Pulmonary	B-DISO
involvement	I-DISO
falls	O
into	O
two	O
categories	O
of	O
different	O
grades	O
of	O
clinical	O
significance	O
:	O
(	O
i	O
)	O
the	O
ubiquitous	O
'	B-DISO
lipoid	I-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
',	O
the	O
so	O
-	O
called	O
'	B-CHED
amiodarone	I-CHED
effect	O
',	O
which	O
is	O
usually	O
asymptomatic	O
;	O
and	O
(	O
ii	O
)	O
the	O
more	O
appropriately	O
named	O
'	B-CHED
amiodarone	I-CHED
toxicity	O
',	O
which	O
includes	O
several	O
distinct	O
clinical	O
entities	O
related	O
to	O
the	O
differing	O
patterns	O
of	O
lung	B-ANAT
inflammatory	B-DISO
reaction	I-DISO
,	O
such	O
as	O
eosinophilic	B-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
,	O
chronic	O
organizing	B-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
,	O
acute	B-DISO
fibrinous	I-DISO
organizing	I-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
,	O
nodules	B-DISO
or	O
mass	O
-	O
like	O
lesions	O
,	O
nonspecific	B-DISO
interstitial	I-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
-	O
like	O
and	O
idiopathic	B-DISO
pulmonary	I-DISO
fibrosis	I-DISO
-	O
like	O
interstitial	B-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
,	O
desquamative	B-DISO
interstitial	I-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
,	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
/	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
and	O
diffuse	O
alveolar	B-ANAT
haemorrhage	B-DISO
.	O

Discontinuation	O
of	O
the	O
drug	O
,	O
control	O
of	O
risk	O
factors	O
and	O
,	O
in	O
the	O
more	O
severe	O
cases	O
,	O
corticosteroids	B-CHED
may	O
be	O
of	O
therapeutic	O
value	O
.	O

There	O
were	O
additional	O
longer	O
-	O
term	O
differences	O
in	O
detection	O
frequencies	O
between	O
seasons	O
,	O
with	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
OC43	I-SPEC
predominant	O
in	O
the	O
first	O
and	O
third	O
seasons	O
and	O
HCoV	O
-	O
HKU1	O
dominating	O
in	O
the	O
second	O
(	O
see	O
Results	O
for	O
definitions	O
of	O
seasons	O
).	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Intranasal	O
mouse	B-DISO
hepatitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
-	O
1	O
(	O
MHV	B-SPEC
-	O
1	O
)	O
infection	B-DISO
of	O
susceptible	O
mouse	B-SPEC
strains	O
mimics	O
some	O
important	O
pathologic	O
features	O
observed	O
in	O
the	O
lungs	B-ANAT
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)-	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
-	O
infected	O
humans	B-SPEC
.	O

Homology	O
analysis	O
of	O
the	O
sequences	O
of	O
S1	O
genes	O
of	O
the	O
19	O
isolates	O
and	O
37	O
reference	O
IBV	B-SPEC
strains	O
revealed	O
that	O
the	O
identity	O
of	O
the	O
nucleotides	B-CHED
and	O
amino	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
sequences	O
of	O
the	O
S1	O
genes	O
between	O
the	O
15	O
LX4	O
-	O
type	O
isolates	O
and	O
other	O
IBV	B-SPEC
strains	O
were	O
71	O
.	O
9	O
-	O
99	O
.	O
3	O
%	O
and	O
72	O
.	O
1	O
-	O
99	O
.	O
1	O
%,	O
respectively	O
,	O
while	O
those	O
of	O
the	O
analyzed	O
IBV	B-SPEC
of	O
LX4	O
type	O
were	O
96	O
.	O
0	O
-	O
99	O
.	O
9	O
%	O
and	O
94	O
.	O
3	O
-	O
99	O
.	O
8	O
%,	O
respectively	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
clarify	O
the	O
prevalence	O
of	O
canine	O
coronavirus	O
(	O
CCoV	B-SPEC
)	O
infection	B-DISO
in	O
Japan	O
,	O
faecal	B-ANAT
samples	O
from	O
109	O
dogs	B-SPEC
with	O
diarrhoea	B-DISO
were	O
examined	O
for	O
CCoV	B-SPEC
RNA	O
together	O
with	O
canine	O
parvovirus	B-PRGE
type	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
(	O
CPV	B-SPEC
-	O
2	O
)	O
DNA	O
.	O

The	O
detection	O
rates	O
of	O
CCoV	O
and	O
CPV	B-SPEC
-	O
2	O
for	O
dogs	B-SPEC
aged	O
less	O
than	O
1	O
year	O
were	O
66	O
.	O
3	O
%	O
and	O
43	O
.	O
8	O
%,	O
while	O
those	O
for	O
dogs	B-SPEC
aged	O
1	O
year	O
or	O
older	O
were	O
6	O
.	O
9	O
%	O
and	O
10	O
.	O
3	O
%,	O
respectively	O
,	O
which	O
were	O
significantly	O
different	O
(	O
p	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
0001	O
and	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
0003	O
,	O
respectively	O
),	O
indicating	O
not	O
CPV	B-SPEC
-	O
2	O
but	O
CCoV	O
is	O
an	O
important	O
diarrhoea	B-DISO
-	O
causing	O
organism	O
in	O
juvenile	O
dogs	B-SPEC
.	O

The	O
viruses	B-SPEC
causing	O
acute	B-DISO
bronchiolitis	I-DISO
in	O
the	O
community	O
were	O
hRSV	B-SPEC
(	O
42	O
%),	O
rhinovirus	B-SPEC
(	O
19	O
.	O
5	O
%),	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
8	O
%),	O
PIV	O
(	O
3	O
.	O
5	O
%),	O
and	O
hMPV	B-SPEC
(	O
2	O
.	O
5	O
%).	O

Of	O
the	O
hRSV	B-SPEC
cases	O
,	O
48	O
.	O
2	O
%	O
were	O
detected	O
in	O
November	O
and	O
December	O
and	O
44	O
.	O
5	O
%	O
in	O
January	O
and	O
February	O
.	O

PIV1	O
infections	B-DISO
occurred	O
every	O
2	O
years	O
in	O
the	O
fall	O
.	O

PIV3	O
infections	B-DISO
were	O
observed	O
every	O
year	O
during	O
the	O
fall	O
and	O
winter	O
,	O
with	O
peaks	O
of	O
infections	B-DISO
in	O
the	O
spring	O
in	O
the	O
years	O
without	O
PIV1	O
.	O

Peripheral	B-ANAT
blood	I-ANAT
monocytes	B-ANAT
(	O
CD14	B-PRGE
(+)),	O
T	B-ANAT
lymphocytes	I-ANAT
(	O
CD4	B-PRGE
(+)	O
and	O
CD8	B-PRGE
(+))	O
and	O
B	B-ANAT
lymphocytes	I-ANAT
(	O
CD21	B-PRGE
(+))	O
were	O
studied	O
by	O
flow	O
cytometry	O
within	O
5	O
days	O
post	O
-	O
infection	B-DISO
(	O
p	O
.	O
i	O
.)	O
and	O
at	O
later	O
time	O
points	O
.	O

In	O
particular	O
,	O
while	O
the	O
CD8	B-PRGE
(+)	O
and	O
the	O
B	B-ANAT
lymphocytes	I-ANAT
returned	O
to	O
baseline	O
levels	O
by	O
day	O
7	O
p	O
.	O
i	O
.,	O
the	O
CD4	B-PRGE
(+)	O
T	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
remained	O
significantly	O
low	O
until	O
day	O
30	O
p	O
.	O
i	O
.	O
and	O
recovered	O
completely	O
only	O
at	O
day	O
60	O
p	O
.	O
i	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Characteristics	O
of	O
crush	B-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
caused	O
by	O
prolonged	O
limb	B-ANAT
compression	O
longer	O
than	O
24	O
h	O
in	O
the	O
Sichuan	O
earthquake	O
.	O

Adult	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
developed	O
in	O
four	O
patients	O
and	O
required	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
CD200	O
,	O
a	O
type	B-PRGE
I	I-PRGE
membrane	I-PRGE
glycoprotein	B-CHED
,	O
plays	O
an	O
important	O
role	O
in	O
prevention	O
of	O
inflammatory	O
disorders	O
,	O
graft	B-PROC
rejection	I-PROC
,	O
autoimmune	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
and	O
spontaneous	O
fetal	B-ANAT
loss	O
.	O

Direct	O
binding	B-FUNC
of	O
SF2	B-PRGE
/	O
ASF	B-DISO
to	O
the	O
ESE	O
site	O
was	O
confirmed	O
by	O
RNA	O
electrophoretic	O
mobility	O
shift	O
assay	O
(	O
EMSA	O
).	O

Taken	O
together	O
,	O
our	O
data	O
suggest	O
for	O
the	O
first	O
time	O
that	O
SF2	B-PRGE
/	O
ASF	B-DISO
regulates	O
the	O
function	O
of	O
CD200	B-PRGE
by	O
controlling	O
CD200	B-PRGE
alternative	B-PROC
splicing	I-PROC
,	O
through	O
direct	O
binding	B-FUNC
to	O
an	O
ESE	O
located	O
in	O
exon	O
2	O
of	O
CD200	B-PRGE
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Despite	O
the	O
recognition	O
that	O
acute	O
lung	O
injury	O
(	O
ALI	O
)	O
can	O
elevate	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
artery	I-ANAT
(	O
PA	O
)	O
pressure	O
and	O
right	O
ventricular	B-ANAT
afterload	O
,	O
the	O
impact	O
of	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
vascular	B-ANAT
dysfunction	O
on	O
outcomes	O
of	O
these	O
patients	O
is	O
not	O
well	O
defined	O
.	O

We	O
searched	O
the	O
PubMed	O
database	O
for	O
clinical	O
trials	O
that	O
examined	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
the	O
following	O
therapies	O
in	O
severe	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
and	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
:	O
recruitment	B-DISO
maneuvers	O
,	O
high	O
positive	O
end	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
expiratory	I-PROC
pressure	O
,	O
prone	O
position	O
,	O
high	O
-	O
frequency	O
oscillatory	O
ventilation	O
,	O
glucocorticoids	B-CHED
,	O
inhaled	B-PROC
nitric	B-CHED
oxide	I-CHED
,	O
buffer	B-CHED
therapy	O
,	O
and	O
extracorporeal	O
life	O
support	O
.	O

Self	O
-	O
administered	O
questionnaires	O
were	O
used	O
to	O
assess	O
nurses	O
'	O
acceptance	O
of	O
vaccination	O
against	O
seasonal	O
flu	B-DISO
and	O
H1N1	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Malaria	B-DISO
in	O
pregnancy	O
:	O
update	O
on	O
emergency	B-DISO
management	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
This	O
paper	O
is	O
a	O
report	O
of	O
the	O
effectiveness	O
of	O
a	O
purpose	O
-	O
designed	O
education	O
program	O
in	O
improving	O
undergraduate	O
nursing	O
students	O
'	O
understanding	O
and	O
practice	O
of	O
infection	B-DISO
control	O
precautions	O
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
To	O
improve	O
nursing	B-PROC
students	O
'	O
capacity	O
in	O
responding	O
to	O
infectious	B-DISO
epidemics	O
,	O
an	O
educational	O
programme	O
that	O
integrates	O
the	O
theme	O
of	O
infection	B-DISO
precautions	O
,	O
learning	B-PROC
theory	O
and	O
teaching	O
strategies	O
is	O
recommended	O
for	O
all	O
nursing	B-PROC
institutes	O
.	O

If	O
the	O
risks	O
of	O
hospital	O
and	O
community	O
infection	B-DISO
are	O
equal	O
,	O
95	O
%	O
of	O
patients	O
who	O
develop	O
symptoms	O
of	O
adenovirus	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
within	O
5	O
days	O
of	O
hospital	O
admission	O
will	O
have	O
been	O
infected	O
in	O
the	O
community	O
,	O
as	O
will	O
95	O
%	O
of	O
patients	O
who	O
develop	O
symptoms	O
within	O
3	O
days	O
for	O
human	B-SPEC
-	O
coronavirus	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
,	O
2	O
.	O
5	O
days	O
for	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
,	O
1	O
day	O
for	O
influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
,	O
0	O
.	O
5	O
day	O
for	O
influenza	B-DISO
B	O
,	O
12	O
days	O
for	O
measles	B-PATH
,	O
2	O
days	O
for	O
parainfluenza	B-DISO
,	O
4	O
days	O
for	O
respiratory	B-DISO
syncytial	I-DISO
virus	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
,	O
and	O
1	O
.	O
5	O
days	O
for	O
rhinovirus	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
.	O

This	O
work	O
shows	O
how	O
a	O
detailed	O
understanding	O
of	O
the	O
incubation	O
period	O
can	O
be	O
an	O
effective	O
tool	O
for	O
identifying	O
the	O
source	O
of	O
infection	B-DISO
,	O
ultimately	O
ensuring	O
patient	O
safety	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
If	O
the	O
risks	O
of	O
hospital	O
and	O
community	O
infection	B-DISO
are	O
equal	O
,	O
95	O
%	O
of	O
patients	O
who	O
develop	O
symptoms	O
of	O
adenovirus	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
within	O
5	O
days	O
of	O
hospital	O
admission	O
will	O
have	O
been	O
infected	O
in	O
the	O
community	O
,	O
as	O
will	O
95	O
%	O
of	O
patients	O
who	O
develop	O
symptoms	O
within	O
3	O
days	O
for	O
human	B-SPEC
-	O
coronavirus	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
,	O
2	O
.	O
5	O
days	O
for	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
,	O
1	O
day	O
for	O
influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
,	O
0	O
.	O
5	O
day	O
for	O
influenza	B-DISO
B	O
,	O
12	O
days	O
for	O
measles	B-PATH
,	O
2	O
days	O
for	O
parainfluenza	B-DISO
,	O
4	O
days	O
for	O
respiratory	B-DISO
syncytial	I-DISO
virus	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
,	O
and	O
1	O
.	O
5	O
days	O
for	O
rhinovirus	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
.	O

We	O
report	O
a	O
case	O
of	O
bilateral	B-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
in	O
an	O
80	O
year	O
old	O
caucasian	O
man	B-CHED
who	O
developed	O
very	O
rapidly	O
an	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
,	O
with	O
a	O
PaO2	O
/	O
FiO2	O
ratio	O
of	O
55	O
,	O
requiring	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
and	O
adrenergic	O
support	O
.	O

There	O
was	O
an	O
increased	O
eosinophilia	B-DISO
in	O
both	O
blood	B-ANAT
and	O
bronchoalveolar	B-ANAT
lavage	I-ANAT
fluid	I-ANAT
.	O

The	O
aim	O
of	O
this	O
study	O
was	O
to	O
compare	O
experimentally	O
the	O
pathogenicity	O
and	O
tissue	B-ANAT
distribution	O
of	O
the	O
recently	O
emerged	O
QX	O
-	O
like	O
strain	O
of	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
IBV	B-SPEC
)	O
with	O
the	O
widespread	O
M41	O
and	O
793	O
/	O
B	O
serotypes	O
of	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
.	O

Replication	O
of	O
the	O
isolates	O
in	O
the	O
alimentary	B-ANAT
tract	I-ANAT
was	O
detected	O
,	O
but	O
the	O
infection	B-DISO
did	O
not	O
cause	O
significant	O
gut	B-ANAT
lesions	O
.	O

Dilation	B-DISO
of	O
the	O
oviduct	B-ANAT
with	O
accumulation	O
of	O
serum	B-COMP
-	O
like	O
fluid	O
in	O
the	O
lumen	B-ANAT
of	O
this	O
structure	O
,	O
reported	O
previously	O
from	O
field	O
cases	O
of	O
QX	O
-	O
like	O
IBV	B-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
,	O
was	O
observed	O
following	O
experimental	O
infection	B-DISO
with	O
all	O
of	O
the	O
five	O
QX	O
-	O
like	O
strains	O
.	O

For	O
coronaviruses	O
,	O
it	O
was	O
long	O
speculated	O
that	O
replication	O
of	O
the	O
giant	B-DISO
RNA	O
genome	O
and	O
transcription	B-PROC
of	O
multiple	O
subgenomic	O
mRNA	B-CHED
species	B-SPEC
by	O
a	O
unique	O
discontinuous	O
transcription	B-PROC
mechanism	O
may	O
require	O
host	B-COMP
cofactors	B-CHED
.	O

Furthermore	O
,	O
the	O
endogenous	B-PRGE
DDX1	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
was	O
found	O
to	O
be	O
relocated	O
from	O
the	O
nucleus	O
to	O
the	O
cytoplasm	B-COMP
in	O
IBV	B-SPEC
-	O
infected	O
cells	B-COMP
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
A	O
single	O
asparagine	B-CHED
-	O
linked	O
glycosylation	B-PROC
site	O
of	O
the	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
spike	O
glycoprotein	B-CHED
facilitates	O
inhibition	B-PROC
by	O
mannose	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
binding	B-FUNC
lectin	I-PRGE
through	O
multiple	O
mechanisms	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Mannose	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
binding	B-FUNC
lectin	I-PRGE
(	O
MBL	B-PRGE
)	O
is	O
a	O
serum	B-COMP
protein	B-CHED
that	O
plays	O
an	O
important	O
role	O
in	O
host	B-COMP
defenses	O
as	O
an	O
opsonin	O
and	O
through	O
activation	O
of	O
the	O
complement	O
system	O
.	O

MBL	B-PRGE
was	O
found	O
to	O
selectively	O
bind	B-FUNC
to	O
retroviral	B-SPEC
particles	O
pseudotyped	O
with	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
S	O
.	O
Unlike	O
several	O
other	O
viral	O
envelopes	O
to	O
which	O
MBL	B-PRGE
can	O
bind	B-FUNC
,	O
both	O
recombinant	O
and	O
plasma	B-ANAT
-	O
derived	O
human	B-SPEC
MBL	O
directly	O
inhibited	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
S	O
-	O
mediated	O
viral	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Naturally	O
occurring	O
recombination	B-PROC
between	O
distant	O
strains	O
of	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
.	O

It	O
was	O
concluded	O
that	O
novel	O
IBVs	O
,	O
which	O
have	O
not	O
been	O
detected	O
since	O
1993	O
,	O
and	O
which	O
are	O
phylogenically	O
more	O
distant	O
from	O
classical	O
IBVs	O
than	O
turkey	B-SPEC
coronaviruses	O
,	O
might	O
still	O
be	O
circulating	O
and	O
contributing	O
to	O
the	O
evolution	B-PROC
of	O
IBV	B-SPEC
in	O
Australia	O
.	O

In	O
all	O
domestic	B-SPEC
cats	I-SPEC
of	O
different	O
breeds	B-PROC
:	O
female	O
Abyssinian	O
,	O
female	O
American	O
shorthair	O
,	O
male	O
Cornish	O
Rex	B-FUNC
,	O
female	O
European	O
Burmese	O
,	O
female	O
Persian	O
,	O
female	O
Siamese	O
,	O
a	O
male	O
Ragdoll	O
and	O
a	O
female	O
African	O
wildcat	O
were	O
sequenced	O
lightly	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
A	O
classical	O
epidemiological	O
framework	O
is	O
used	O
to	O
provide	O
a	O
preliminary	O
cost	O
analysis	O
of	O
the	O
effects	O
of	O
quarantine	O
and	O
isolation	O
on	O
the	O
dynamics	O
of	O
infectious	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
for	O
which	O
no	O
treatment	O
or	O
immediate	O
diagnosis	O
tools	O
are	O
available	O
.	O

Taking	O
the	O
context	O
of	O
the	O
2003	O
SARS	B-DISO
outbreak	O
in	O
Hong	O
Kong	O
as	O
an	O
example	O
,	O
we	O
use	O
a	O
simple	O
cost	O
function	O
to	O
compare	O
the	O
total	O
cost	O
of	O
each	O
mixed	O
(	O
quarantine	O
and	O
isolation	O
)	O
control	O
strategy	O
from	O
a	O
public	O
health	O
resource	O
allocation	O
perspective	O
.	O

Coronavirus	B-SPEC
S	O
proteins	B-CHED
are	O
palmitoylated	O
,	O
which	O
may	O
affect	O
function	O
.	O

Surprisingly	O
,	O
however	O
,	O
palmitoylation	B-PROC
of	O
S	O
was	O
not	O
required	O
for	O
interaction	O
with	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
M	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Monitoring	O
of	O
perceptions	O
,	O
anticipated	O
behavioral	B-PROC
,	O
and	O
psychological	B-DISO
responses	O
related	O
to	O
H5N1	B-DISO
influenza	I-DISO
.	O

Starting	O
in	O
2005	O
through	O
to	O
2008	O
,	O
respondents	O
perceived	O
a	O
decreasing	O
level	O
of	O
susceptibility	O
,	O
severity	O
,	O
and	O
anticipated	O
stress	O
towards	O
a	O
hypothetical	O
human	B-SPEC
-	O
to	O
-	O
human	B-SPEC
H5N1	B-DISO
outbreak	O
,	O
possibly	O
due	O
to	O
the	O
low	O
efficiency	O
of	O
transmission	O
.	O

We	O
sought	O
to	O
determine	O
the	O
effects	O
of	O
telbivudine	B-CHED
on	O
the	O
immune	B-ANAT
system	I-ANAT
,	O
particularly	O
on	O
cytokine	B-PROC
production	I-PROC
and	O
T	B-ANAT
-	I-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
response	O
,	O
using	O
an	O
animal	B-SPEC
model	O
with	O
mouse	B-DISO
hepatitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
strain	O
3	O
(	O
MHV	B-SPEC
-	O
3	O
)-	O
induced	O
hepatitis	B-DISO
.	O

In	O
vivo	O
survival	O
was	O
enhanced	O
in	O
telbivudine	B-CHED
-	O
treated	O
mice	B-SPEC
,	O
with	O
marked	O
normalization	O
in	O
clinical	O
conditions	O
and	O
histological	O
lesions	O
.	O

Furthermore	O
,	O
telbivudine	B-CHED
treatment	O
enhanced	O
the	O
ability	O
of	O
T	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
to	O
undergo	O
proliferation	B-DISO
and	O
secrete	B-PROC
cytokines	O
but	O
did	O
not	O
affect	O
cytotoxicity	B-DISO
of	O
infected	O
hepatocytes	B-ANAT
.	O

Of	O
note	O
,	O
we	O
found	O
that	O
telbivudine	B-CHED
treatment	O
suppressed	O
programmed	O
death	B-PROC
ligand	B-PROC
1	O
expression	B-PROC
on	O
T	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
.	O

We	O
calculated	O
three	O
winter	O
and	O
annual	O
excess	O
influenza	B-DISO
-	O
associated	O
mortalities	O
[	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
and	I-DISO
influenza	I-DISO
(	O
P	O
&	O
I	O
),	O
respiratory	O
and	O
circulatory	B-PROC
,	O
and	O
all	O
-	O
cause	O
]	O
from	O
the	O
1999	O
-	O
2000	O
through	O
the	O
2006	O
-	O
2007	O
influenza	B-DISO
seasons	O
.	O

Furthermore	O
,	O
vaccine	O
-	O
mismatched	O
H3N2	B-CHED
viruses	B-SPEC
circulating	O
in	O
the	O
years	O
with	O
high	O
excess	O
P	O
&	O
I	O
mortality	O
exhibited	O
both	O
a	O
lower	O
amino	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
identity	O
percentage	O
of	O
HA1	B-COMP
between	O
vaccine	O
and	O
circulating	O
strains	O
and	O
a	O
higher	O
numbers	O
of	O
variations	O
at	O
epitope	B-CHED
B	O
.	O
Our	O
model	O
can	O
help	O
future	O
decision	O
makers	O
to	O
estimate	O
excess	O
P	O
&	O
I	O
mortality	O
effectively	O
,	O
select	O
and	O
test	O
virus	B-SPEC
strains	O
for	O
antigenic	B-PROC
variation	I-PROC
,	O
and	O
evaluate	O
public	O
health	O
strategy	O
effectiveness	O
.	O

Moreover	O
,	O
CXCR2	B-PRGE
neutralization	O
was	O
associated	O
with	O
an	O
increase	O
in	O
the	O
severity	O
of	O
demyelination	B-DISO
that	O
was	O
independent	O
of	O
viral	O
recrudescence	O
or	O
modulation	O
of	O
neuroinflammation	O
.	O

Rather	O
,	O
blocking	O
CXCR2	B-PRGE
was	O
associated	O
with	O
increased	O
numbers	O
of	O
apoptotic	O
cells	B-COMP
primarily	O
within	O
white	B-ANAT
matter	I-ANAT
tracts	B-ANAT
,	O
suggesting	O
that	O
oligodendrocytes	B-ANAT
were	O
affected	O
.	O

Mice	B-SPEC
subjected	O
to	O
intestinal	B-ANAT
I	O
/	O
R	O
injury	O
showed	O
histologic	O
and	O
functional	O
evidence	O
of	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
and	O
decreased	O
survival	O
compared	O
with	O
sham	O
-	O
operated	O
animals	B-SPEC
.	O

Commercially	O
available	O
vaccines	O
are	O
only	O
partially	O
effective	O
in	O
protection	O
against	O
PRRSV	B-SPEC
.	O

Partial	O
protection	O
in	O
challenged	O
animals	B-SPEC
was	O
observed	O
,	O
as	O
vaccinated	O
pigs	B-SPEC
showed	O
decreased	O
lung	B-ANAT
damage	O
when	O
compared	O
with	O
the	O
non	O
-	O
vaccinated	O
ones	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
when	O
the	O
two	O
agents	O
were	O
added	O
together	O
to	O
FCoV	O
-	O
infected	O
cells	B-COMP
,	O
a	O
synergistic	O
antiviral	B-CHED
effect	O
defined	O
by	O
complete	O
blockage	O
of	O
viral	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
was	O
observed	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Host	B-COMP
intraspatial	O
selection	O
of	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
populations	O
.	O

Five	O
new	O
predominant	O
populations	O
designated	O
component	O
(	O
C	O
)	O
1	O
through	O
C5	O
,	O
showing	O
distinct	O
nonsynonymous	O
changes	O
,	O
i	O
.	O
e	O
.,	O
nucleotide	B-CHED
changes	O
resulting	O
in	O
different	O
amino	B-CHED
acids	I-CHED
encoded	O
and	O
thus	O
in	O
a	O
phenotypic	O
change	O
of	O
the	O
predominant	O
virus	B-SPEC
population	O
,	O
were	O
detected	O
in	O
the	O
tissues	B-ANAT
or	O
fluids	B-ANAT
of	O
individual	O
vaccinated	O
chickens	B-SPEC
.	O

These	O
results	O
indicate	O
for	O
the	O
first	O
time	O
that	O
IBV	B-SPEC
undergoes	O
intraspatial	O
variation	O
during	O
host	B-PROC
invasion	B-DISO
,	O
i	O
.	O
e	O
.,	O
the	O
dominant	O
genotype	O
/	O
phenotype	O
further	O
changes	O
during	O
host	B-PROC
invasion	B-DISO
as	O
the	O
microenvironment	O
of	O
distinct	O
tissues	B-ANAT
exerts	B-PROC
selective	O
pressure	O
on	O
the	O
replicating	O
virus	B-SPEC
population	O
.	O

No	O
consistent	O
antigenic	O
or	O
genetic	B-PROC
markers	I-PROC
have	O
been	O
identified	O
to	O
discriminate	O
BCoVs	O
from	O
the	O
different	O
clinical	O
syndromes	B-DISO
.	O

This	O
article	O
focuses	O
on	O
respiratory	O
BCoV	O
infections	B-DISO
including	O
viral	O
characteristics	O
;	O
epidemiology	O
and	O
interspecies	O
transmission	O
;	O
diagnosis	O
,	O
pathogenesis	O
,	O
and	O
clinical	O
signs	O
;	O
and	O
immunity	B-PROC
and	O
vaccines	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Calf	B-ANAT
diarrhea	B-DISO
is	O
a	O
major	O
economic	O
burden	O
to	O
the	O
bovine	B-SPEC
industry	O
.	O

Since	O
multiple	O
infectious	B-DISO
agents	O
can	O
be	O
involved	O
in	O
calf	B-ANAT
diarrhea	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
the	O
detection	O
of	O
each	O
of	O
the	O
causative	O
agents	O
by	O
traditional	O
methods	O
is	O
laborious	O
and	O
expensive	O
,	O
a	O
panel	O
of	O
2	O
multiplex	O
real	O
-	O
time	O
polymerase	O
chain	O
reaction	O
(	O
PCR	O
)	O
assays	O
was	O
developed	O
for	O
rapid	O
and	O
simultaneous	O
detection	O
of	O
the	O
5	O
major	O
bovine	B-SPEC
enteric	O
pathogens	O
(	O
i	O
.	O
e	O
.,	O
Bovine	B-SPEC
coronavirus	B-SPEC
[	O
BCoV	O
;	O
formally	O
known	O
as	O
Betacoronavirus	B-SPEC
1	I-SPEC
],	O
group	O
A	O
Bovine	B-SPEC
rotavirus	B-SPEC
[	O
BRV	B-DISO
],	O
Salmonella	B-PRGE
spp	B-ENZY
.,	I-PRGE
Escherichia	B-SPEC
coli	I-SPEC
K99	I-PRGE
(+),	I-PRGE
and	O
Cryptosporidium	B-SPEC
parvum	I-SPEC
).	O

The	O
purpose	O
of	O
this	O
article	O
is	O
to	O
describe	O
the	O
clinical	O
course	O
and	O
outcome	O
of	O
drowning	O
cases	O
related	O
to	O
current	O
US	O
military	O
combat	B-CHED
operations	O
.	O

Survivor	O
long	O
-	O
term	O
morbidity	O
was	O
often	O
related	O
to	O
the	O
sequelae	O
of	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
and	O
hypoxic	B-DISO
encephalopathy	I-DISO
.	O

Drowning	O
associated	O
with	O
combat	B-CHED
operations	O
was	O
associated	O
with	O
severe	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
and	O
cardiovascular	B-ANAT
shock	O
.	O

Survivor	O
long	O
-	O
term	O
morbidity	O
was	O
often	O
related	O
to	O
the	O
sequelae	O
of	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
and	O
hypoxic	B-DISO
encephalopathy	I-DISO
.	O

Duration	O
of	O
antiviral	B-CHED
therapy	O
,	O
the	O
timing	O
of	O
steroid	B-CHED
introduction	O
,	O
and	O
moving	B-PROC
away	O
from	O
standard	O
ventilation	O
techniques	O
in	O
ARDS	B-DISO
may	O
be	O
key	O
points	O
in	O
disease	O
management	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Putative	O
probiotic	O
Lactobacillus	B-SPEC
spp	B-ENZY
.	O

from	O
porcine	B-SPEC
gastrointestinal	B-ANAT
tract	I-ANAT
inhibit	O
transmissible	O
gastroenteritis	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
and	O
enteric	O
bacterial	O
pathogens	O
.	O

The	O
evolution	B-PROC
was	O
favorable	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
patient	O
was	O
discharged	O
after	O
14	O
days	O
.	O

The	O
prevalence	O
,	O
clinical	O
predictors	O
and	O
inflammatory	O
mediator	O
profile	O
of	O
respiratory	B-DISO
viral	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
in	O
serious	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
illness	O
were	O
investigated	O
.	O

Sequential	O
bronchoalveolar	O
lavage	O
(	O
BAL	B-ENZY
)	O
fluids	B-ANAT
from	O
all	O
patients	O
hospitalised	O
with	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
illness	O
over	O
12	O
months	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
283	O
)	O
were	O
tested	O
for	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
17	O
respiratory	O
viruses	B-SPEC
by	O
multiplex	O
PCR	O
assay	O
and	O
for	O
newly	O
discovered	O
respiratory	O
viruses	B-SPEC
(	O
bocavirus	B-SPEC
,	O
WU	O
and	O
KI	O
polyomaviruses	B-SPEC
)	O
by	O
single	O
-	O
target	O
PCR	O
.	O

The	O
presence	O
of	O
respiratory	O
virus	B-SPEC
was	O
associated	O
with	O
increased	O
levels	O
of	O
interferon	B-PRGE
gamma	I-PRGE
-	O
inducible	O
protein	B-CHED
10	O
(	O
IP	O
-	O
10	O
)	O
(	O
p	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
001	O
)	O
and	O
eotaxin	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
(	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
017	O
)	O
in	O
BAL	B-ENZY
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
39	O
respiratory	O
viruses	B-SPEC
were	O
detected	O
in	O
37	O
(	O
13	O
.	O
1	O
%	O
of	O
total	O
)	O
patients	O
by	O
molecular	O
testing	O
,	O
including	O
rhinovirus	B-SPEC
(	O
n	O
=	O
13	O
),	O
influenza	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
n	O
=	O
8	O
),	O
respiratory	B-SPEC
syncytial	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
n	O
=	O
6	O
),	O
human	B-SPEC
metapneumovirus	I-SPEC
(	O
n	O
=	O
3	O
),	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
NL63	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
2	O
),	O
parainfluenza	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
n	O
=	O
2	O
),	O
adenovirus	B-DISO
(	O
n	O
=	O
1	O
)	O
and	O
newly	O
discovered	O
viruses	B-SPEC
(	O
n	O
=	O
4	O
).	O

The	O
presence	O
of	O
respiratory	O
virus	B-SPEC
was	O
associated	O
with	O
increased	O
levels	O
of	O
interferon	B-PRGE
gamma	I-PRGE
-	O
inducible	O
protein	B-CHED
10	O
(	O
IP	O
-	O
10	O
)	O
(	O
p	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
001	O
)	O
and	O
eotaxin	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
(	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
017	O
)	O
in	O
BAL	B-ENZY
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Food	O
-	O
and	O
waterborne	O
viruses	O
pose	O
serious	O
health	O
risks	O
to	O
humans	B-SPEC
and	O
were	O
associated	O
with	O
many	O
outbreaks	O
worldwide	O
.	O

The	O
virus	B-SPEC
detection	O
limit	O
by	O
SERS	O
using	O
gold	B-CHED
substrates	O
reached	O
a	O
titer	O
of	O
10	O
(	O
2	O
).	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
We	O
report	O
here	O
investigation	O
into	O
the	O
genetic	O
basis	O
of	O
mouse	O
hepatitis	O
virus	B-SPEC
strain	O
1	O
(	O
MHV	B-SPEC
-	O
1	O
)	O
pneumovirulence	O
.	O

Challenge	O
studies	O
in	O
mice	B-SPEC
demonstrated	O
that	O
expression	B-PROC
of	O
the	O
MHV	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
S	I-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
within	O
the	O
MHV	B-SPEC
-	O
A59	O
background	O
(	O
rA59	O
/	O
S	O
(	O
MHV	B-SPEC
-	O
1	O
))	O
increased	O
the	O
pneumovirulence	O
of	O
MHV	B-SPEC
-	O
A59	O
,	O
and	O
mice	B-SPEC
infected	O
with	O
this	O
recombinant	O
virus	B-SPEC
developed	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
lesions	O
that	O
were	O
similar	O
to	O
those	O
observed	O
with	O
MHV	B-SPEC
-	O
1	O
,	O
although	O
rA59	O
/	O
S	O
(	O
MHV	O
-	O
1	O
)	O
was	O
significantly	O
less	O
virulent	O
.	O

The	O
combination	O
of	O
experimental	O
X	O
-	O
ray	B-SPEC
structural	O
information	O
and	O
aspherical	O
atomic	O
electron	O
density	O
data	O
from	O
theoretical	O
calculations	O
resulted	O
in	O
properties	O
like	O
the	O
electrostatic	O
potential	O
and	O
the	O
Hirshfeld	O
surface	O
which	O
allowed	O
a	O
study	O
of	O
electronic	O
complementarity	O
and	O
the	O
identification	O
of	O
sites	O
and	O
strengths	O
of	O
drug	O
-	O
receptor	B-PROC
interactions	I-PROC
.	O

Electron	O
microscopic	O
analysis	O
indicated	O
that	O
viral	O
inactivation	B-DISO
by	O
PPs	B-DISO
was	O
primarily	O
a	O
consequence	O
of	O
virion	B-COMP
structural	O
damage	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Outcome	O
of	O
acute	O
heroin	B-CHED
overdose	O
requiring	O
intensive	O
care	O
unit	O
admission	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Heroin	B-CHED
use	O
carries	O
a	O
large	O
burden	O
of	O
morbidity	O
and	O
mortality	O
.	O

1	O
days	O
,	O
while	O
two	O
patients	O
succumbed	O
because	O
of	O
anoxemic	O
encephalopathy	B-DISO
and	O
brain	B-DISO
death	B-PROC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Mutations	O
in	O
the	O
spike	O
glycoprotein	B-CHED
of	O
human	B-PRGE
coronavirus	I-PRGE
OC43	I-PRGE
modulate	O
disease	O
in	O
BALB	O
/	O
c	O
mice	B-SPEC
from	O
encephalitis	B-DISO
to	O
flaccid	B-DISO
paralysis	I-DISO
and	O
demyelination	B-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
etiology	O
of	O
most	O
neurodegenerative	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
of	O
the	O
central	B-ANAT
nervous	I-ANAT
system	I-ANAT
remains	O
unknown	O
and	O
likely	O
involves	O
a	O
combination	O
of	O
genetic	O
susceptibility	O
and	O
environmental	O
triggering	O
factors	O
.	O

Here	O
,	O
we	O
show	O
that	O
mutations	O
in	O
the	O
viral	O
spike	O
glycoprotein	O
,	O
reproducibly	O
acquired	O
during	O
viral	O
persistence	O
in	O
human	B-SPEC
neural	B-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
cultures	O
,	O
led	O
to	O
a	O
drastically	O
modified	O
virus	B-SPEC
-	O
induced	O
neuropathology	B-DISO
in	O
BALB	O
/	O
c	O
mice	B-SPEC
,	O
characterized	O
by	O
flaccid	B-DISO
paralysis	I-DISO
and	O
demyelination	B-DISO
.	O

Moreover	O
,	O
recombinant	O
virus	B-SPEC
harboring	O
the	O
S	B-PRGE
glycoprotein	I-PRGE
mutations	O
retained	O
its	O
neurotropism	B-DISO
,	O
productively	O
infecting	O
neurons	B-ANAT
.	O

The	O
recognizing	O
of	O
a	O
specific	O
serum	B-COMP
against	O
pAPN	O
to	O
these	O
proteins	B-CHED
was	O
investigated	O
by	O
enzyme	O
-	O
linked	O
immunosorbent	O
assay	O
(	O
ELISA	O
)	O
and	O
immunoblotting	O
.	O

Our	O
data	O
indicate	O
that	O
three	O
truncated	O
pAPNs	O
positively	O
reacted	O
with	O
the	O
specific	O
antiserum	O
and	O
the	O
major	O
binding	B-FUNC
regions	O
of	O
pAPN	O
were	O
limited	O
in	O
regions	O
36aa	O
-	O
223aa	O
,	O
349aa	O
-	O
591aa	O
and	O
592	O
-	O
963aa	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
During	O
severe	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
outbreak	O
in	O
Toronto	O
,	O
outpatient	O
clinics	O
at	O
SickKids	O
Hospital	O
were	O
closed	O
to	O
prevent	O
further	O
disease	B-DISO
transmission	I-DISO
.	O

We	O
compared	O
the	O
diagnostic	O
accuracy	O
(	O
identification	O
of	O
developmental	B-DISO
delay	I-DISO
),	O
and	O
patient	O
management	O
(	O
referral	O
for	O
therapy	O
or	O
communication	O
of	O
a	O
new	O
diagnosis	O
)	O
of	O
the	O
strategies	O
used	O
during	O
SARS	B-DISO
,	O
April	O
/	O
May	O
2003	O
,	O
to	O
the	O
standard	O
assessment	O
methods	O
used	O
for	O
patients	O
seen	O
in	O
April	O
/	O
May	O
2005	O
(	O
non	O
-	O
SARS	O
).	O

There	O
were	O
95	O
patients	O
in	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
group	O
and	O
99	O
non	O
-	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
.	O

The	O
NNFU	O
clinic	O
staff	O
mailed	O
ASQ	O
to	O
27	O
families	O
during	O
SARS	B-DISO
,	O
17	O
(	O
63	O
%)	O
were	O
returned	O
,	O
and	O
8	O
of	O
the	O
17	O
were	O
then	O
contacted	O
by	O
telephone	O
.	O

There	O
was	O
a	O
significant	O
under	O
identification	O
of	O
developmental	B-DISO
delay	I-DISO
during	O
SARS	B-DISO
(	O
18	O
%	O
versus	O
45	O
%).	O

Poor	O
advanced	O
planning	O
led	O
to	O
a	O
haphazard	O
assessment	O
of	O
patients	O
during	O
this	O
infectious	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
outbreak	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Endocrine	B-CHED
cells	B-COMP
of	O
the	O
adenohypophysis	B-ANAT
in	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
).	O

This	O
phenomenon	O
suggests	O
that	O
the	O
adenohypophyseal	O
endocrine	B-CHED
cells	B-COMP
in	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
may	O
be	O
damaged	O
.	O

The	O
immunohistochemistry	O
and	O
quantitative	O
image	O
results	O
showed	O
that	O
compared	O
with	O
control	O
cases	O
,	O
both	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
positive	O
cells	O
and	O
the	O
staining	O
intensity	O
of	O
immunoreactivity	B-PROC
for	O
growth	B-FUNC
hormone	I-FUNC
,	O
TSH	B-PRGE
,	O
and	O
adrenocorticotrophic	O
hormone	B-CHED
in	O
these	O
cells	B-COMP
were	O
remarkably	O
decreased	O
,	O
while	O
that	O
of	O
PRL	B-PRGE
,	O
FSH	B-PRGE
,	O
and	O
LH	O
were	O
significantly	O
increased	O
in	O
all	O
SARS	B-DISO
cases	O
studied	O
.	O

Besides	O
,	O
potential	O
recombination	B-PROC
events	O
associated	O
with	O
H120	O
were	O
found	O
in	O
five	O
IBV	B-SPEC
strains	O
including	O
H52	O
,	O
KQ6	O
,	O
SAIBK	O
,	O
Ark	B-PRGE
DPI	I-PRGE
11	I-PRGE
,	O
and	O
Ark	O
DPI	O
101	O
.	O

The	O
aim	O
of	O
this	O
study	O
was	O
to	O
explore	O
the	O
post	O
-	O
crisis	O
psychological	B-DISO
distress	I-DISO
among	O
residents	O
in	O
Taiwan	O
after	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
epidemic	O
.	O

Psychological	B-DISO
distress	I-DISO
was	O
measured	O
by	O
a	O
question	O
related	O
to	O
subject	O
'	O
s	O
changes	O
in	O
perception	O
of	O
life	O
,	O
plus	O
the	O
five	O
-	O
item	O
Brief	O
Symptom	B-DISO
Rating	O
Scale	O
.	O

About	O
9	O
.	O
2	O
%	O
of	O
the	O
participants	O
reported	O
that	O
their	O
perceptions	O
of	O
life	O
became	O
more	O
pessimistic	O
following	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
crisis	O
.	O

Of	O
the	O
155	O
cases	O
,	O
136	O
(	O
87	O
.	O
7	O
%)	O
had	O
abnormal	O
SPE	O
results	O
,	O
most	O
commonly	O
due	O
to	O
a	O
polyclonal	O
increase	O
in	O
gamma	B-PRGE
globulins	I-PRGE
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Description	O
of	O
the	O
first	O
acute	O
bovine	B-SPEC
diarrhea	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
-	O
2	O
outbreak	O
in	O
Israel	O
.	O

Implementation	O
of	O
infection	B-DISO
control	O
targeting	B-PROC
this	O
pathogen	O
is	O
required	O
in	O
tertiary	O
hospitals	O
in	O
Thailand	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
management	O
of	O
Influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
(	O
H1N1	O
)	O
patients	O
with	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
is	O
an	O
emerging	O
challenge	O
,	O
especially	O
during	O
the	O
2009	O
pandemic	O
.	O

25	O
percent	O
of	O
the	O
patients	O
had	O
good	O
health	O
prior	O
to	O
the	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
efficiency	O
of	O
RMs	O
may	O
be	O
affected	O
by	O
different	O
factors	O
,	O
including	O
the	O
nature	O
and	O
extent	O
of	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
,	O
capability	O
of	O
increasing	O
inspiratory	B-PROC
transpulmonary	O
pressures	O
,	O
patient	O
positioning	O
and	O
cardiac	B-ANAT
preload	O
.	O

We	O
assessed	O
the	O
sublingual	B-ANAT
microcirculation	B-PROC
in	O
seven	O
consecutive	O
patients	O
with	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
related	O
to	O
influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
(	O
H1N1	O
)	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

Three	O
patients	O
had	O
bacterial	O
superinfection	B-DISO
.	O

Histopathological	O
changes	O
in	O
lungs	B-ANAT
from	O
2	O
of	O
these	O
seals	B-SPEC
included	O
a	O
necrotizing	O
lymphocytic	O
and	O
histocytic	O
lobar	B-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
with	O
intra	O
-	O
lesional	O
bacteria	B-SPEC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Chlamydiae	O
induce	O
persistent	O
infections	B-DISO
,	O
which	O
have	O
been	O
associated	O
with	O
a	O
wide	O
range	O
of	O
chronic	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
in	O
humans	B-SPEC
and	O
animals	B-SPEC
.	O

Women	O
also	O
perceived	O
the	O
effectiveness	O
of	O
hand	O
washing	O
to	O
be	O
lower	O
,	O
and	O
illness	O
severity	O
and	O
personal	O
susceptibility	O
to	O
H1N1	O
infection	B-DISO
to	O
be	O
higher	O
.	O

This	O
short	O
review	O
describes	O
the	O
pathologic	O
features	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
in	O
relation	O
to	O
their	O
clinical	O
presentation	O
in	O
human	B-SPEC
cases	O
.	O

It	O
also	O
looks	O
at	O
animal	B-SPEC
susceptibility	O
after	O
experimental	O
infection	B-DISO
,	O
animal	B-SPEC
models	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
the	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
of	O
this	O
disease	O
.	O

It	O
seems	O
that	O
adaptation	B-PROC
of	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
within	O
the	O
host	B-COMP
animal	B-SPEC
and	O
the	O
subsequent	O
abnormal	O
immune	B-PROC
responses	I-PROC
may	O
be	O
key	O
factors	O
in	O
the	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
of	O
this	O
new	O
and	O
fatal	O
respiratory	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
.	O

The	O
proteases	O
produced	O
in	O
the	O
lung	B-ANAT
during	O
inflammation	B-DISO
could	O
also	O
play	O
an	O
important	O
role	O
for	O
exacerbation	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
in	O
animals	B-SPEC
.	O

We	O
transduced	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
spike	O
protein	B-CHED
-	O
displayed	O
recombinant	O
baculovirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SSDRB	O
),	O
vAtEpGS688	O
,	O
into	O
peripheral	O
B	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
and	O
B	O
lymphoma	B-ANAT
cells	B-COMP
.	O

SSDRB	O
-	O
mediated	O
changes	O
in	O
gene	B-PROC
expression	I-PROC
profiles	O
of	O
B	O
lymphoma	B-ANAT
cells	B-COMP
were	O
analyzed	O
by	O
microarray	O
.	O

These	O
macrophage	B-ANAT
-	O
like	O
cells	B-COMP
were	O
defective	O
in	O
phagocytosis	B-PROC
of	O
red	O
fluorescent	O
beads	O
.	O

In	O
conclusion	O
,	O
our	O
results	O
suggest	O
that	O
conversion	O
of	O
B	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
to	O
macrophage	B-ANAT
-	O
like	O
cells	B-COMP
,	O
similar	O
to	O
a	O
pathophysiological	O
response	O
,	O
could	O
be	O
mediated	O
by	O
a	O
devastating	O
viral	O
ligand	B-PROC
,	O
in	O
particular	O
spike	O
protein	B-CHED
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
,	O
or	O
in	O
combination	O
with	O
severe	O
local	O
hypoxia	B-DISO
,	O
which	O
is	O
a	O
condition	B-DISO
often	O
observed	O
in	O
afflicted	O
lungs	B-ANAT
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
.	O

Transmission	O
electron	O
microscopy	O
showed	O
that	O
,	O
compared	O
to	O
revertant	O
virus	B-SPEC
,	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
double	O
-	O
membrane	B-COMP
vesicles	B-COMP
in	O
MHV	B-SPEC
-	O
Brts31	O
-	O
infected	O
cells	B-COMP
is	O
reduced	O
at	O
the	O
nonpermissive	O
temperature	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Coronaviruses	O
encode	O
two	O
classes	O
of	O
cysteine	B-PRGE
proteases	I-PRGE
,	O
which	O
have	O
narrow	O
substrate	O
specificities	O
and	O
either	O
a	O
chymotrypsin	B-PRGE
-	O
or	O
papain	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
like	I-PRGE
fold	O
.	O

We	O
identify	O
both	O
conserved	O
and	O
unique	O
structural	O
features	O
likely	O
controlling	O
the	O
interaction	O
of	O
PL1	B-PRGE
(	O
pro	B-CHED
)	O
with	O
cofactors	B-CHED
and	O
substrates	O
,	O
including	O
the	O
tentative	O
mapping	O
of	O
substrate	O
pocket	O
residues	O
.	O

Serum	B-COMP
DNA	O
,	O
interleukin	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
6	I-PRGE
(	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
6	I-FUNC
),	O
and	O
malonaldehyde	B-CHED
(	O
MDA	B-CHED
)	O
concentrations	O
were	O
measured	O
and	O
were	O
found	O
to	O
be	O
significantly	O
higher	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
moderate	O
and	O
severe	O
OSAHS	B-DISO
groups	O
than	O
those	O
in	O
the	O
mild	O
OSAHS	B-DISO
and	O
control	O
groups	O
(	O
p	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Clinical	O
aspects	O
of	O
human	B-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
by	O
the	O
avian	B-SPEC
influenza	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
].	O

A	O
new	O
type	O
of	O
medicine	B-CHED
has	O
appeared	O
,	O
in	O
the	O
form	O
of	O
on	O
-	O
board	O
medical	O
assistance	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Cooperative	O
translocation	B-DISO
enhances	O
the	O
unwinding	O
of	O
duplex	O
DNA	O
by	O
SARS	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
helicase	I-PRGE
nsP13	I-PRGE
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Influenza	B-DISO
viruses	I-SPEC
continue	O
to	O
cause	O
yearly	O
epidemics	O
and	O
occasional	O
pandemics	O
in	O
humans	O
.	O

In	O
recent	O
years	O
,	O
the	O
threat	O
of	O
a	O
possible	O
influenza	B-DISO
pandemic	O
arising	O
from	O
the	O
avian	B-DISO
influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
(	O
H5N1	B-DISO
)	O
virus	B-SPEC
has	O
prompted	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
comprehensive	O
pandemic	O
preparedness	O
programs	O
in	O
many	O
countries	O
.	O

Respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
is	O
the	O
major	O
complication	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
patients	O
may	O
progress	O
to	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

There	O
is	O
currently	O
no	O
proven	O
effective	O
treatment	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
,	O
so	O
early	O
recognition	O
,	O
isolation	O
,	O
and	O
stringent	O
infection	B-DISO
control	O
are	O
the	O
key	O
to	O
controlling	O
this	O
highly	O
contagious	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
.	O

which	O
is	O
widely	O
used	O
as	O
an	O
antiinflammatory	B-CHED
agent	I-CHED
in	O
traditional	O
Chinese	O
medicine	B-CHED
.	O

The	O
pretreatment	O
of	O
cells	B-COMP
with	O
forsythoside	O
A	O
,	O
adding	O
forsythoside	O
A	O
post	O
infection	B-DISO
of	O
cells	B-COMP
,	O
and	O
treatment	O
of	O
virus	B-SPEC
with	O
forsythoside	O
A	O
were	O
analysed	O
.	O

The	O
inhibitory	O
effect	O
of	O
forsythoside	O
A	O
was	O
confirmed	O
by	O
infecting	O
primary	O
chicken	B-SPEC
embryo	B-ANAT
kidney	B-ANAT
cells	B-COMP
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Ferret	B-SPEC
coronavirus	B-SPEC
-	O
associated	O
diseases	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Genomic	O
characterization	O
of	O
severe	B-SPEC
acute	I-SPEC
respiratory	I-SPEC
syndrome	I-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
related	I-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
in	O
European	O
bats	O
and	O
classification	O
of	O
coronaviruses	O
based	O
on	O
partial	O
RNA	O
-	O
dependent	O
RNA	B-PRGE
polymerase	I-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
sequences	O
.	O

We	O
conducted	O
an	O
evaluation	O
of	O
CoV	O
in	O
rhinolophid	O
and	O
vespertilionid	O
bat	B-ENZY
species	B-SPEC
common	O
in	O
Europe	O
.	O

Rhinolophids	O
carried	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)-	O
related	O
CoV	O
at	O
high	O
frequencies	O
and	O
concentrations	O
(	O
26	O
%	O
of	O
animals	B-SPEC
are	O
positive	O
;	O
up	O
to	O
2	O
.	O
4	O
×	O
10	O
(	O
8	O
)	O
copies	O
per	O
gram	O
of	O
feces	B-ANAT
),	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
two	O
Alphacoronavirus	B-SPEC
clades	O
,	O
one	O
novel	O
and	O
one	O
related	O
to	O
the	O
HKU2	O
clade	O
.	O

Criteria	O
for	O
defining	O
separate	O
RGU	O
in	O
mammalian	B-SPEC
CoV	O
were	O
a	O
>	O
4	O
.	O
8	O
%	O
amino	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
distance	O
for	O
alphacoronaviruses	O
and	O
a	O
>	O
6	O
.	O
3	O
%	O
distance	O
for	O
betacoronaviruses	O
.	O

After	O
amplification	B-DISO
by	O
Bst	B-PRGE
enzyme	I-PRGE
at	O
a	O
constant	O
temperature	O
of	O
65	O
degrees	O
C	O
,	O
a	O
laddering	O
of	O
bright	O
products	O
was	O
visible	O
following	O
electrophoresis	O
on	O
a	O
2	O
%	O
agarose	B-CHED
gel	O
.	O

This	O
study	O
aimed	O
to	O
determine	O
the	O
prevalence	O
of	O
CPV	B-SPEC
and	O
CECoV	O
in	O
dogs	B-SPEC
presenting	O
with	O
severe	B-DISO
diarrhoea	I-DISO
to	O
PDSA	O
PetAid	O
hospitals	O
throughout	O
the	O
UK	O
.	O

All	O
samples	O
were	O
tested	O
for	O
CPV	B-SPEC
using	O
a	O
long	O
range	O
PCR	O
and	O
for	O
CECoV	O
using	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
.	O

Analysis	O
showed	O
that	O
animals	B-SPEC
with	O
no	O
history	O
of	O
vaccination	O
were	O
more	O
likely	O
to	O
be	O
CPV	B-SPEC
positive	O
,	O
with	O
greatest	O
effect	O
in	O
younger	O
animals	B-SPEC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
A	O
cross	O
-	O
sectional	O
study	O
was	O
conducted	O
to	O
evaluate	O
the	O
association	O
between	O
herd	O
-	O
level	O
characteristics	O
,	O
management	O
routines	O
and	O
farm	O
-	O
level	O
antibody	O
status	O
of	O
bovine	B-SPEC
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
BCV	B-SPEC
)	O
and	O
bovine	B-SPEC
respiratory	I-SPEC
syncytial	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
BRSV	B-SPEC
)	O
in	O
257	O
Swedish	O
dairy	O
herds	O
.	O

Surfactant	B-CHED
replacement	O
with	O
calfactant	O
is	O
a	O
rational	O
,	O
useful	O
,	O
and	O
potentially	O
lifesaving	O
treatment	O
for	O
acute	O
hypoxemic	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
due	O
to	O
drowning	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Sensitivity	O
and	O
specificity	O
of	O
respiratory	O
change	O
in	O
pulse	B-PROC
pressure	I-PROC
(	O
DeltaPP	O
)	O
to	O
predict	O
preload	O
dependency	O
has	O
been	O
questioned	O
at	O
small	O
tidal	O
volumes	O
(	O
VT	O
)	O
in	O
critically	B-DISO
ill	I-DISO
patients	O
suffering	B-DISO
from	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
).	O

Sixteen	O
deeply	O
sedated	O
mechanically	O
ventilated	O
pigs	B-SPEC
were	O
successively	O
ventilated	O
with	O
VT	O
of	O
10	O
ml	O
/	O
kg	O
at	O
a	O
respiratory	O
rate	O
of	O
15	O
breaths	O
/	O
min	O
(	O
RR15	O
)	O
and	O
VT	O
of	O
6	O
ml	O
/	O
kg	O
at	O
RR15	O
and	O
RR25	O
.	O

Two	O
of	O
6	O
cats	B-SPEC
with	O
FIP	B-DISO
had	O
increased	O
macro	O
-	O
CK1	B-PRGE
and	O
increased	O
CK	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
BB	I-FUNC
activity	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Several	O
protein	B-CHED
-	O
protein	B-CHED
interactions	O
within	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
proteome	O
have	O
been	O
identified	O
,	O
one	O
of	O
them	O
being	O
between	O
non	O
-	O
structural	O
proteins	B-CHED
nsp10	O
and	O
nsp16	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
A	O
fulminant	O
case	O
of	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
associated	O
with	O
Mycoplasma	B-DISO
pneumoniae	I-SPEC
infection	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
caused	O
by	O
mycoplasmas	B-SPEC
is	O
very	O
rare	O
.	O

This	O
report	O
describes	O
a	O
severe	O
case	O
of	O
atypical	B-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
due	O
to	O
M	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
pneumoniae	I-SPEC
in	O
a	O
formerly	O
healthy	O
young	O
woman	O
who	O
developed	O
high	O
grade	O
fever	B-PROC
and	O
cough	B-DISO
leading	O
to	O
severe	O
disseminated	O
lung	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
and	O
finally	O
to	O
fatal	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
We	O
present	O
the	O
successful	O
use	O
of	O
perioperative	O
non	O
-	O
invasive	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
in	O
a	O
morbidly	O
obese	O
pregnant	O
woman	O
with	O
bronchial	B-DISO
asthma	B-PATH
,	O
severe	B-DISO
preeclampsia	I-DISO
and	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
edema	I-DISO
undergoing	O
an	O
emergency	B-DISO
cesarean	O
delivery	O
with	O
spinal	O
anesthesia	B-DISO
.	O

STAT1	B-PRGE
-/-	O
mice	B-SPEC
exhibited	O
dysregulation	O
of	O
T	B-ANAT
-	I-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
and	O
macrophage	B-PROC
differentiation	I-PROC
,	O
leading	O
to	O
a	O
TH2	O
-	O
biased	O
immune	B-PROC
response	I-PROC
and	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
alternatively	O
activated	O
macrophages	B-ANAT
that	O
mediate	O
a	O
profibrotic	O
environment	O
within	O
the	O
lung	B-ANAT
.	O

Recombination	B-PROC
analysis	O
using	O
eight	O
Ro	O
-	O
BatCoV	O
HKU9	O
genomes	O
showed	O
possible	O
recombination	O
events	O
between	O
strains	O
from	O
different	O
bat	B-ENZY
individuals	O
,	O
which	O
may	O
have	O
allowed	O
for	O
the	O
generation	O
of	O
different	O
genotypes	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Avian	B-SPEC
infectious	I-DISO
bronchitis	I-DISO
disease	O
in	O
Tunisia	O
:	O
seroprevalence	O
,	O
pathogenicity	O
and	O
compatibility	O
studies	O
of	O
vaccine	O
-	O
field	O
isolates	O
].	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
A	O
sero	O
-	O
epidemiological	O
study	O
was	O
carried	O
out	O
on	O
5660	O
sera	B-COMP
collected	O
,	O
between	O
2006	O
and	O
2008	O
,	O
from	O
different	O
flocks	O
in	O
different	O
regions	O
of	O
the	O
country	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
CD8	B-PRGE
+	I-PRGE
T	B-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
response	O
in	O
HLA	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
A	I-PRGE
*	I-PRGE
0201	I-PRGE
transgenic	B-SPEC
mice	I-SPEC
is	O
elicited	O
by	O
epitopes	O
from	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
S	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Cytotoxic	O
CD8	B-PRGE
(+)	O
T	B-ANAT
lymphocytes	I-ANAT
(	O
CTLs	O
)	O
play	O
an	O
important	O
role	O
in	O
antiviral	B-CHED
immunity	B-PROC
.	O

The	O
lymphocytes	B-ANAT
from	O
draining	O
lymph	B-ANAT
nodes	I-ANAT
,	O
spleens	B-ANAT
and	O
lungs	B-ANAT
were	O
stimulated	O
with	O
the	O
cognate	O
peptides	B-CHED
.	O

The	O
phenotype	O
of	O
the	O
CD8	B-PRGE
(+)	O
T	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
was	O
characterized	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
expression	B-PROC
of	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
γ	I-PRGE
.	O

Sophorae	O
radix	B-SPEC
,	O
Acanthopanacis	O
cortex	B-ANAT
,	O
Sanguisorbae	O
radix	B-SPEC
and	O
Torilis	B-SPEC
fructus	O
might	O
be	O
considered	O
as	O
promising	O
novel	O
anti	O
-	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
drug	O
candidates	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Panton	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
Valentine	I-PRGE
leukocidin	I-PRGE
expressing	O
Staphylococcus	B-DISO
aureus	I-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
,	O
an	O
infection	B-DISO
that	O
affects	O
predominantly	O
young	O
people	O
,	O
has	O
a	O
mortality	O
rate	O
of	O
>	O
70	O
%	O
despite	O
aggressive	B-DISO
conventional	O
management	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Characterization	O
of	O
a	O
variant	O
virus	B-SPEC
from	O
ascitic	B-ANAT
fluid	I-ANAT
of	O
subacute	O
granulomatous	O
serositis	B-DISO
in	O
interferon	O
-	O
gamma	O
-	O
deficient	O
C57BL	O
/	O
6	O
mice	B-SPEC
persistently	O
infected	O
with	O
murine	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
strain	O
JHM	O
.	O

Viruses	B-SPEC
were	O
isolated	O
from	O
ascites	O
at	O
25	O
d	O
post	O
-	O
infection	B-DISO
and	O
cloned	O
by	O
limiting	O
dilution	O
on	O
DBT	B-CHED
cells	B-COMP
;	O
one	O
variant	O
was	O
named	O
25V16G	O
.	O

Nucleotide	B-CHED
sequencing	O
of	O
the	O
S	B-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
of	O
25V16G	O
and	O
JHMV	O
revealed	O
a	O
deletion	O
of	O
29	O
amino	B-CHED
acids	I-CHED
encompassing	O
S	O
(	O
511	O
-	O
539	O
),	O
which	O
covers	O
a	O
major	O
cytotoxic	B-ANAT
T	I-ANAT
lymphocyte	I-ANAT
(	O
CTL	B-ANAT
)	O
epitope	B-CHED
in	O
C57BL	O
/	O
6	O
mice	B-SPEC
,	O
and	O
two	O
point	B-PROC
mutations	I-PROC
resulting	O
in	O
amino	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
changes	O
in	O
the	O
S	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
of	O
25V16G	O
.	O

In	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
we	O
investigated	O
104	O
children	O
suffering	B-DISO
from	O
HCMV	O
infection	B-DISO
,	O
in	O
an	O
effort	B-PROC
to	O
find	O
any	O
association	O
between	O
MBL	O
and	O
HCMV	O
infection	B-DISO
of	O
children	O
in	O
China	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Acute	O
pathophysiological	O
effects	O
of	O
intratracheal	O
instillation	O
of	O
budesonide	B-CHED
and	O
exogenous	O
surfactant	B-CHED
in	O
a	O
neonatal	O
surfactant	B-CHED
-	O
depleted	O
piglet	O
model	O
.	O

The	O
additional	O
use	O
of	O
budesonide	B-CHED
does	O
not	O
disturb	O
the	O
function	O
of	O
the	O
exogenous	O
surfactant	B-CHED
.	O

Histophilus	B-SPEC
somni	I-SPEC
was	O
detected	O
in	O
2	O
/	O
40	O
(	O
5	O
%)	O
cases	O
,	O
while	O
bovine	B-SPEC
herpesvirus	I-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
1	I-SPEC
,	O
bovine	B-DISO
viral	I-DISO
diarrhoea	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
and	O
parainfluenza	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
-	O
3	O
were	O
each	O
found	O
in	O
1	O
/	O
40	O
(	O
2	O
.	O
5	O
%)	O
case	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
A	O
case	O
-	O
control	O
study	O
was	O
designed	O
to	O
investigate	O
the	O
role	O
of	O
different	O
Cryptosporidium	O
spp	B-ENZY
.	O

Faecal	B-ANAT
samples	O
were	O
collected	O
from	O
preweaned	O
calves	O
,	O
young	O
stock	O
and	O
cows	B-SPEC
.	O

Molecular	O
diagnostics	O
were	O
used	O
to	O
identify	O
Cryptosporidium	B-SPEC
species	B-SPEC
.	O

Here	O
,	O
we	O
expressed	B-PROC
a	O
truncated	O
gene	O
encoding	O
the	O
N	O
terminal	O
half	O
of	O
TGEV	B-PRGE
S	I-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
(	O
designated	O
S1	B-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
)	O
in	O
a	O
prokaryotic	O
system	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Culturing	O
the	O
unculturable	O
:	O
human	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
HKU1	I-SPEC
infects	O
,	O
replicates	O
,	O
and	O
produces	O
progeny	O
virions	O
in	O
human	B-SPEC
ciliated	O
airway	B-ANAT
epithelial	B-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
cultures	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
critical	O
to	O
develop	O
suitable	O
in	O
vitro	O
platforms	O
to	O
isolate	O
and	O
characterize	O
the	O
replication	O
kinetics	O
and	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
of	O
recently	O
identified	O
human	B-SPEC
pathogens	O
.	O

We	O
propose	O
that	O
the	O
HAE	O
model	O
provides	O
a	O
ready	O
platform	O
for	O
molecular	O
studies	O
and	O
characterization	O
of	O
HCoV	O
-	O
HKU1	O
and	O
in	O
general	O
serves	O
as	O
a	O
robust	O
technology	O
for	O
the	O
recovery	O
,	O
amplification	B-DISO
,	O
adaptation	B-PROC
,	O
and	O
characterization	O
of	O
novel	O
coronaviruses	O
and	O
other	O
respiratory	O
viruses	B-SPEC
from	O
clinical	O
material	O
.	O

Coinfections	B-DISO
with	O
>	O
or	O
=	O
2	O
viruses	B-SPEC
were	O
found	O
in	O
20	O
(	O
11	O
%)	O
patients	O
.	O

Patients	O
with	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
NL63	I-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
were	O
younger	O
than	O
those	O
who	O
were	O
positive	O
for	O
PIV1	O
(	O
median	O
age	O
13	O
months	O
versus	O
21	O
months	O
,	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
006	O
)	O
and	O
had	O
shorter	O
fever	B-PROC
duration	O
than	O
influenza	B-DISO
A	I-DISO
virus	B-PROC
infection	I-PROC
(	O
median	O
1	O
.	O
5	O
days	O
versus	O
4	O
days	O
,	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
000	O
).	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Viruses	B-SPEC
were	O
identified	O
in	O
147	O
(	O
80	O
.	O
8	O
%)	O
of	O
the	O
182	O
croup	B-DISO
patients	O
.	O

Before	O
ECMO	O
,	O
patients	O
had	O
severe	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
with	O
median	O
(	O
IQR	O
)	O
PaO₂	O
to	O
FiO₂	O
ratio	O
of	O
52	O
(	O
50	O
-	O
60	O
)	O
mmHg	O
and	O
PaCO₂	O
of	O
85	O
(	O
69	O
-	O
91	O
)	O
mmHg	O
.	O

ECMO	O
may	O
be	O
an	O
effective	O
salvage	O
treatment	O
for	O
patients	O
with	O
influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
(	O
H1N1	O
)-	O
related	O
ARDS	B-DISO
presenting	O
rapid	O
refractory	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
,	O
particularly	O
when	O
provided	O
by	O
a	O
mobile	O
team	O
allowing	O
early	O
cannulation	O
prior	O
to	O
transfer	O
to	O
a	O
reference	O
centre	O
.	O

This	O
study	O
aimed	O
at	O
developing	O
a	O
multiplex	O
semi	O
-	O
nested	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
for	O
simultaneous	O
detection	O
of	O
BCoV	O
(	O
N	B-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
)	O
and	O
group	B-SPEC
A	I-SPEC
rotavirus	I-SPEC
(	O
VP1	O
gene	O
)	O
with	O
the	O
addition	O
of	O
an	O
internal	O
control	O
(	O
mRNA	B-CHED
ND5	O
).	O

The	O
pregnant	O
females	O
infected	O
with	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
during	O
the	O
first	O
30	O
days	O
of	O
pregnancy	O
had	O
a	O
12	O
.	O
6	O
percentage	O
point	O
decrease	O
of	O
FR	O
(	O
91	O
.	O
1	O
%	O
vs	O
.	O
78	O
.	O
5	O
%,	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
003	O
),	O
a	O
5	O
.	O
7	O
percentage	O
point	O
increase	O
of	O
RR	O
(	O
3	O
.	O
5	O
%	O
vs	O
.	O
9	O
.	O
2	O
%,	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
01	O
),	O
a	O
1	O
.	O
3	O
percentage	O
point	O
increase	O
of	O
AR	O
(	O
2	O
.	O
1	O
%	O
vs	O
.	O
3	O
.	O
4	O
%,	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
01	O
)	O
and	O
a	O
2	O
.	O
0	O
percentage	O
point	O
increase	O
of	O
MM	O
(	O
3	O
.	O
5	O
%	O
vs	O
.	O
5	O
.	O
6	O
%,	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
001	O
).	O

SB	O
increased	O
in	O
the	O
pregnant	O
females	O
that	O
were	O
infected	O
with	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
during	O
91	O
-	O
120	O
days	O
of	O
pregnancy	O
(	O
1	O
.	O
8	O
percentage	O
points	O
,	O
4	O
.	O
5	O
%	O
vs	O
.	O
6	O
.	O
2	O
%,	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
01	O
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Identification	O
of	O
phenanthroindolizines	O
and	O
phenanthroquinolizidines	O
as	O
novel	O
potent	O
anti	O
-	O
coronaviral	O
agents	O
for	O
porcine	B-SPEC
enteropathogenic	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
transmissible	O
gastroenteritis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
and	O
human	B-SPEC
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
.	O

The	O
potent	O
compounds	O
showed	O
50	O
%	O
maximal	O
effective	O
concentration	O
(	O
EC₅₀	O
)	O
values	O
ranging	O
from	O
8	O
to	O
1468	O
nM	O
as	O
determined	O
by	O
immunofluorescent	O
assay	O
of	O
the	O
expression	B-PROC
of	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
N	O
and	O
S	O
proteins	B-CHED
and	O
by	O
real	O
time	O
-	O
quantitative	O
PCR	O
analysis	O
of	O
viral	O
yields	O
.	O

Furthermore	O
,	O
the	O
potent	O
tylophorine	O
compounds	O
exerted	O
profound	O
anti	O
-	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
replication	O
activity	O
and	O
thereby	O
blocked	O
the	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
-	O
induced	O
apoptosis	B-PATH
and	O
subsequent	O
cytopathic	B-DISO
effect	I-DISO
in	O
ST	O
cells	B-COMP
.	O

Analysis	O
of	O
the	O
structure	O
-	O
activity	O
relations	O
indicated	O
that	O
the	O
most	O
active	O
tylophorine	O
analogues	O
were	O
compounds	O
with	O
a	O
hydroxyl	B-CHED
group	I-CHED
at	O
the	O
C14	O
position	O
of	O
the	O
indolizidine	O
moiety	O
or	O
at	O
the	O
C3	O
position	O
of	O
the	O
phenanthrene	B-CHED
moiety	O
and	O
that	O
the	O
quinolizidine	B-CHED
counterparts	O
were	O
more	O
potent	O
than	O
indolizidines	O
.	O

More	O
severe	O
LPS	B-DISO
-	O
induced	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
and	O
vascular	B-ANAT
leak	O
were	O
observed	O
in	O
ANP	O
knockout	O
mice	B-SPEC
.	O

In	O
rescue	O
experiments	O
,	O
ANP	B-PRGE
injection	O
significantly	O
reduced	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
in	O
Nppa	O
(-/-)	O
mice	B-SPEC
caused	O
by	O
LPS	B-DISO
.	O

Our	O
data	O
suggest	O
a	O
direct	O
role	O
for	O
ANP	B-PRGE
in	O
endothelial	B-ANAT
barrier	O
regulation	B-PROC
via	O
modulation	O
of	O
small	B-PRGE
GTPase	I-PRGE
signaling	B-PROC
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
45	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
manifestations	O
of	O
infectious	B-DISO
mononucleosis	I-DISO
received	O
antivirals	B-CHED
(	O
as	O
an	O
adjunct	O
to	O
steroids	B-CHED
in	O
26	O
of	O
them	O
).	O

Here	O
we	O
investigated	O
,	O
using	O
recombinant	O
murine	B-SPEC
coronaviruses	O
expressing	O
green	B-PRGE
fluorescent	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
(	O
GFP	O
)-	O
tagged	O
versions	O
of	O
the	O
N	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
,	O
the	O
dynamics	O
of	O
its	O
interactions	O
with	O
the	O
RTCs	O
and	O
the	O
domain	O
(	O
s	O
)	O
involved	O
.	O

Using	O
fluorescent	O
recovery	O
after	O
photobleaching	O
,	O
we	O
showed	O
that	O
the	O
N	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
,	O
unlike	O
the	O
nonstructural	O
protein	B-CHED
2	O
,	O
is	O
dynamically	O
associated	O
with	O
the	O
RTCs	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Murine	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
receptors	O
are	O
differentially	O
expressed	B-PROC
in	O
the	O
central	B-ANAT
nervous	I-ANAT
system	I-ANAT
and	O
play	O
virus	O
strain	O
-	O
dependent	O
roles	O
in	O
neuronal	O
spread	O
.	O

Quantification	O
of	O
mRNA	B-CHED
for	O
the	O
ceacam1a	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
related	I-PRGE
genes	I-PRGE
ceacam2	I-PRGE
and	O
psg16	O
(	O
bCEA	O
),	O
which	O
encode	O
proposed	O
alternative	O
MHV	B-SPEC
receptors	O
,	O
revealed	O
low	O
ceacam2	O
expression	B-PROC
in	O
microglia	B-ANAT
and	O
oligodendrocytes	B-ANAT
and	O
psg16	O
expression	B-PROC
exclusively	O
in	O
neurons	B-ANAT
;	O
however	O
,	O
only	O
CEACAM2	O
mediated	O
infection	B-DISO
in	O
human	B-SPEC
293T	O
cells	B-COMP
.	O

Haematological	O
and	O
biochemical	O
abnormalities	O
in	O
FIP	B-DISO
cases	O
are	O
also	O
non	O
-	O
specific	O
.	O

Reverse	B-PRGE
transcriptase	I-PRGE
polymerase	O
chain	O
reaction	O
(	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
)	O
has	O
been	O
used	O
to	O
detect	O
FCoV	O
and	O
is	O
rapid	O
and	O
sensitive	O
,	O
but	O
results	O
must	O
be	O
interpreted	O
in	O
the	O
context	O
of	O
clinical	O
findings	O
.	O

The	O
assay	O
established	O
in	O
this	O
study	O
was	O
found	O
to	O
detect	O
only	O
the	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
and	O
no	O
cross	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
reaction	I-PROC
with	O
other	O
viruses	B-SPEC
,	O
demonstrating	O
its	O
high	O
specificity	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
global	O
outbreak	O
of	O
severe	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
in	O
2003	O
led	O
to	O
an	O
intense	O
and	O
effective	O
global	O
response	O
that	O
stopped	O
the	O
spread	O
of	O
the	O
disease	O
by	O
July	O
2003	O
.	O

Intra	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
abdominal	I-DISO
hypertension	I-DISO
(	O
IAH	B-FUNC
)	O
and	O
abdominal	B-DISO
compartment	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ACS	B-FUNC
)	O
are	O
increasingly	O
recognized	O
and	O
treatable	O
complications	O
of	O
severe	O
illness	O
in	O
medical	O
patients	O
,	O
and	O
are	O
independent	O
predictors	O
of	O
mortality	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
ACS	B-FUNC
has	O
been	O
only	O
rarely	O
described	O
in	O
this	O
population	O
.	O

Her	O
clinical	O
course	O
worsened	O
abruptly	O
,	O
with	O
new	O
shock	O
,	O
worsening	O
hypoxic	B-DISO
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
,	O
increased	O
peak	O
airway	O
pressures	O
and	O
reduced	O
tidal	O
volumes	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Epidemiology	O
of	O
H1N1	O
(	O
2009	O
)	O
influenza	B-DISO
among	O
healthcare	O
workers	O
in	O
a	O
tertiary	O
care	O
center	O
in	O
Saudi	O
Arabia	O
:	O
a	O
6	O
-	O
month	O
surveillance	O
study	O
.	O

None	O
of	O
these	O
HCWs	O
died	B-PROC
,	O
and	O
all	O
recovered	O
fully	O
without	O
hospital	O
admission	O
.	O

Early	O
protection	O
appears	O
to	O
be	O
mediated	O
partly	O
through	O
the	O
inhibition	B-PROC
of	O
NF	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
kappaB	I-PRGE
pathway	B-PROC
activation	O
.	O

Abrupt	O
cessation	O
of	O
intrathecal	B-ANAT
baclofen	B-CHED
infusion	O
has	O
been	O
associated	O
with	O
a	O
severe	O
withdrawal	B-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
comprised	O
of	O
dystonia	B-DISO
,	O
autonomic	B-DISO
dysfunction	I-DISO
,	O
hyperthermia	B-PROC
,	O
end	O
-	O
organ	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
and	O
sometimes	O
death	B-PROC
.	O

In	O
order	B-SPEC
to	O
prevent	O
premature	O
interruption	O
of	O
folding	O
,	O
ERAD	B-PROC
regulators	O
and	O
effectors	O
such	O
as	O
EDEM1	B-PRGE
and	O
OS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
9	I-PRGE
are	O
selectively	O
cleared	O
from	O
the	O
ER	O
in	O
so	O
-	O
called	O
EDEMosomes	O
to	O
downregulate	O
the	O
degradative	O
activity	O
.	O

While	O
it	O
seems	O
clear	O
that	O
CoVs	O
hijack	O
ER	O
-	O
derived	O
host	O
cell	B-COMP
membranes	I-COMP
for	O
replication	O
,	O
the	O
mechanism	O
by	O
which	O
these	O
DMVs	O
are	O
assembled	O
has	O
remained	O
completely	O
mysterious	O
.	O

In	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
antioxidative	O
and	O
antiviral	B-CHED
properties	O
of	O
flowering	B-PROC
cherry	O
cultivars	O
(	O
Prunus	B-SPEC
yedoensis	I-SPEC
,	O
Prunus	B-SPEC
sargentii	I-SPEC
,	O
Prunus	B-SPEC
lannesiana	O
,	O
and	O
Prunus	B-SPEC
cerasus	I-SPEC
)	O
in	O
Korea	O
were	O
investigated	O
.	O

The	O
incidence	O
of	O
MRSA	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
in	O
the	O
ICU	O
was	O
monitored	O
during	O
3	O
different	O
phases	O
:	O
the	O
baseline	O
period	O
(	O
phase	O
1	O
);	O
after	O
ICU	O
renovation	O
(	O
phase	O
2	O
)	O
and	O
after	O
implementation	O
of	O
a	O
hand	O
hygiene	O
campaign	O
with	O
alcohol	O
-	O
based	O
hand	O
rub	O
(	O
phase	O
3	O
).	O

Among	O
the	O
types	O
of	O
genomes	O
being	O
rapidly	O
sequenced	O
are	O
those	O
of	O
microbial	O
and	O
viral	O
genomes	O
responsible	O
for	O
infectious	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
.	O

Therefore	O
,	O
accurate	O
and	O
efficient	O
gene	O
prediction	O
programs	O
are	O
highly	O
desired	O
for	O
rapid	O
and	O
cost	O
effective	O
surveillance	O
of	O
RNA	O
viruses	B-SPEC
through	O
full	O
genome	O
sequencing	O
.	O

we	O
have	O
developed	O
VIGOR	O
(	O
Viral	B-COMP
Genome	I-COMP
ORF	O
Reader	O
),	O
a	O
web	B-DISO
application	O
tool	O
for	O
gene	O
prediction	O
in	O
influenza	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
,	O
rotavirus	B-SPEC
,	O
rhinovirus	B-SPEC
and	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
subtypes	O
.	O

VIGOR	O
detects	O
protein	B-CHED
coding	O
regions	O
based	O
on	O
sequence	O
similarity	O
searches	O
and	O
can	O
accurately	O
detect	O
genome	O
specific	O
features	O
such	O
as	O
frame	O
shifts	O
,	O
overlapping	O
genes	O
,	O
embedded	O
genes	O
,	O
and	O
can	O
predict	O
mature	O
peptides	B-CHED
within	O
the	O
context	O
of	O
a	O
single	O
polypeptide	B-CHED
open	O
reading	O
frame	O
.	O

Genotyping	O
capability	O
for	O
influenza	B-DISO
and	O
rotavirus	B-SPEC
is	O
built	O
into	O
the	O
program	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Trimethoprim	B-CHED
/	I-CHED
Sulfamethoxazole	I-CHED
pharmacokinetics	B-PROC
in	O
two	O
patients	O
undergoing	O
continuous	O
venovenous	O
hemodiafiltration	O
.	O

A	O
77	O
-	O
year	O
-	O
old	O
man	B-CHED
was	O
admitted	O
for	O
aortic	B-ANAT
root	I-ANAT
replacement	O
and	O
developed	O
septic	B-DISO
shock	I-DISO
and	O
nosocomial	B-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
due	O
to	O
Stenotrophomonas	B-SPEC
maltophilia	I-SPEC
.	O

Twenty	O
-	O
two	O
(	O
13	O
%)	O
newborns	O
in	O
the	O
CPAP	O
group	O
subsequently	O
required	O
ETT	O
ventilation	O
within	O
24	O
h	O
:	O
these	O
babies	O
had	O
higher	O
initial	O
oxygen	B-CHED
requirements	O
than	O
those	O
successfully	O
transported	O
on	O
CPAP	B-PRGE
alone	O
.	O

PEDV	B-SPEC
obtained	O
after	O
ten	O
passages	O
through	O
the	O
brains	B-ANAT
(	O
MK	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
p10	I-PRGE
)	O
had	O
increased	O
virulence	B-PROC
for	O
mice	B-SPEC
,	O
and	O
its	O
fusion	O
activity	O
in	O
cultured	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
exceeded	O
that	O
of	O
the	O
original	O
strain	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
the	O
replication	O
kinetics	O
of	O
MK	O
and	O
MK	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
p10	I-PRGE
did	O
not	O
differ	O
from	O
each	O
other	O
in	O
the	O
brain	B-ANAT
and	O
in	O
cultured	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
.	O

One	O
of	O
these	O
(	O
an	O
H	O
-	O
to	O
-	O
R	O
substitution	O
at	O
residue	O
1	O
,	O
381	O
)	O
was	O
first	O
detected	O
in	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
isolated	O
after	O
eight	O
passages	O
,	O
and	O
both	O
this	O
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
MK	O
-	O
p8	O
)	O
and	O
MK	O
-	O
p10	B-PRGE
showed	O
enhanced	O
syncytium	B-PROC
formation	I-PROC
relative	O
to	O
the	O
original	O
MK	O
strain	O
and	O
viruses	O
isolated	O
after	O
two	O
,	O
four	O
,	O
and	O
six	O
passages	O
,	O
suggesting	O
the	O
possibility	O
that	O
the	O
H	O
-	O
to	O
-	O
R	O
mutation	O
was	O
responsible	O
for	O
this	O
activity	O
.	O

Advances	O
in	O
the	O
standardisation	O
of	O
care	O
for	O
ARDS	O
patients	O
involving	O
innovative	O
therapeutic	O
procedures	O
such	O
as	O
extracorporeal	O
gas	B-PRGE
exchange	I-PRGE
systems	I-PRGE
will	O
lead	O
to	O
a	O
further	O
improvement	O
in	O
ARDS	B-DISO
management	O
and	O
outcome	O
.	O

These	O
demonstrated	O
that	O
specific	O
rather	O
than	O
generic	O
changes	O
occurred	O
in	O
the	O
nucleolar	B-ANAT
proteome	O
in	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
-	O
infected	O
cells	B-COMP
.	O

Using	O
multiplex	O
PCR	O
/	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
methods	O
for	O
the	O
detection	O
of	O
18	O
respiratory	O
viruses	B-SPEC
,	O
the	O
circulation	B-PROC
of	O
those	O
viruses	B-SPEC
during	O
3	O
consecutive	O
dry	O
seasons	O
in	O
Cambodia	O
was	O
described	O
.	O

No	O
significant	O
differences	O
were	O
observed	O
in	O
frequency	O
and	O
in	O
virus	B-SPEC
copy	O
numbers	O
for	O
rhinovirus	B-SPEC
detection	O
between	O
symptomatic	O
and	O
asymptomatic	O
groups	O
.	O

The	O
link	O
between	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
and	O
the	O
origin	O
of	O
the	O
illness	O
is	O
therefore	O
unclear	O
.	O

Among	O
patients	O
who	O
developed	O
ALI	O
/	O
ARDS	B-DISO
,	O
there	O
was	O
no	O
evidence	O
to	O
support	O
a	O
difference	O
in	O
partial	B-PROC
pressure	I-PROC
of	I-PROC
oxygen	I-PROC
in	O
arterial	B-ANAT
blood	I-ANAT
to	O
fraction	O
of	O
inspired	B-PROC
oxygen	B-CHED
(	O
Pao	B-PROC
(	O
2	O
)/	O
Fio	O
(	O
2	O
))	O
(	O
P	O
=	O
.	O
33	O
),	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
score	O
(	O
P	O
=	O
.	O
67	O
),	O
or	O
mortality	O
(	O
P	O
=	O
.	O
78	O
)	O
by	O
race	O
.	O

Following	O
MHV	B-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
,	O
T3	O
-	O
and	O
T9	O
-	O
injured	O
mice	B-SPEC
exhibited	O
increased	O
mortality	O
in	O
comparison	O
to	O
un	O
-	O
injured	O
and	O
laminectomy	O
controls	O
.	O

Infection	B-DISO
at	O
all	O
dosages	O
resulted	O
in	O
significantly	O
higher	O
viral	O
titer	O
in	O
both	O
T3	O
-	O
and	O
T9	O
-	O
injured	O
mice	B-SPEC
compared	O
to	O
un	O
-	O
injured	O
controls	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
there	O
is	O
still	O
significant	O
mortality	O
associated	O
with	O
antineutrophil	B-PRGE
cytoplasmic	I-PRGE
antibody	B-COMP
-	O
associated	O
vasculitis	B-DISO
.	O

Herein	O
,	O
we	O
report	O
successful	O
lung	B-ANAT
transplantation	O
for	O
a	O
patient	O
with	O
life	O
-	O
threatening	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
hemorrhage	I-DISO
and	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
as	O
a	O
consequence	O
of	O
this	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
renal	B-ANAT
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
A	O
15	O
-	O
year	O
analysis	O
of	O
molecular	O
epidemiology	O
of	O
avian	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
bronchitis	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
in	O
China	O
.	O

Nine	O
types	O
were	O
found	O
according	O
to	O
sequence	O
analysis	O
and	O
phylogenetic	O
study	O
of	O
the	O
S1	B-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
.	O

Factors	O
contributing	O
to	O
the	O
continual	O
emergence	O
include	O
mutations	O
,	O
insertions	O
and	O
deletions	O
in	O
the	O
S1	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
genes	I-PRGE
;	O
recombination	B-PROC
between	O
local	O
IBV	B-SPEC
strains	O
circulating	O
in	O
chicken	B-SPEC
flocks	O
in	O
China	O
;	O
and	O
recombination	B-PROC
between	O
local	O
strains	O
and	O
vaccine	O
strains	O
.	O

All	O
treated	O
groups	O
received	O
an	O
additional	O
14	O
.	O
4	O
μg	O
every	O
4	O
hrs	B-DISO
for	O
the	O
24	O
-	O
hr	O
study	O
period	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Brachial	B-DISO
neuritis	I-DISO
masquerading	O
as	O
acute	B-DISO
coronary	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

Cardiac	B-ANAT
investigations	O
were	O
unremarkable	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
In	O
patients	O
undergoing	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
for	O
the	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
distress	O
syndrome	O
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
),	O
neuromuscular	O
blocking	B-DISO
agents	O
may	O
improve	O
oxygenation	B-PROC
and	O
decrease	O
ventilator	O
-	O
induced	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
but	O
may	O
also	O
cause	O
muscle	B-DISO
weakness	I-DISO
.	O

The	O
hazard	O
ratio	O
for	O
death	B-PROC
at	O
90	O
days	O
in	O
the	O
cisatracurium	O
group	O
,	O
as	O
compared	O
with	O
the	O
placebo	O
group	O
,	O
was	O
0	O
.	O
68	O
(	O
95	O
%	O
confidence	O
interval	O
[	O
CI	O
],	O
0	O
.	O
48	O
to	O
0	O
.	O
98	O
;	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
04	O
),	O
after	O
adjustment	O
for	O
both	O
the	O
baseline	O
PaO2	O
:	O
FIO2	O
and	O
plateau	O
pressure	O
and	O
the	O
Simplified	O
Acute	O
Physiology	O
II	O
score	O
.	O

Meanwhile	O
,	O
a	O
rapid	O
and	O
efficient	O
strategy	O
is	O
presented	O
for	O
the	O
determination	O
of	O
naturally	O
presented	O
CTL	B-ANAT
epitopes	O
in	O
the	O
context	O
of	O
given	O
HLA	B-PRGE
alleles	I-PRGE
of	I-PRGE
interest	I-PRGE
from	I-PRGE
long	I-PRGE
immunogenic	I-PRGE
overlapping	I-PRGE
peptides	B-CHED
.	O

Over	O
half	O
of	O
the	O
severe	O
cases	O
had	O
underlying	O
conditions	O
,	O
in	O
which	O
pregnancy	O
and	O
morbid	B-DISO
obesity	I-DISO
were	O
regarded	O
as	O
major	O
risk	O
factors	O
.	O

Further	O
studies	O
are	O
needed	O
for	O
better	O
clinical	O
management	O
of	O
the	O
severe	O
cases	O
of	O
the	O
latest	O
pandemic	O
influenza	B-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
IBV	B-SPEC
)	O
causes	O
tremendous	O
economic	O
losses	O
associated	O
with	O
production	O
inefficiencies	O
and	O
mortality	O
in	O
poultry	O
industry	O
worldwide	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
A	O
real	O
-	O
time	O
polymerase	O
chain	O
reaction	O
(	O
PCR	O
)/	O
high	O
-	O
resolution	O
melt	O
(	O
HRM	O
)	O
curve	O
analysis	O
protocol	O
was	O
developed	O
in	O
our	O
laboratory	O
to	O
differentiate	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
(	O
IB	O
)	O
virus	B-SPEC
reference	O
strains	O
.	O

Thirty	O
Sprague	O
Dawley	O
(	O
SD	O
)	O
rats	B-SPEC
were	O
randomly	O
divided	O
into	O
three	O
groups	O
:	O
sham	O
operation	O
(	O
SO	O
)	O
group	O
,	O
model	O
group	O
and	O
QYT	O
group	O
,	O
with	O
10	O
rats	B-SPEC
in	O
each	O
group	O
.	O

Compared	O
with	O
SO	O
group	O
,	O
the	O
levels	O
of	O
arterial	B-ANAT
partial	B-PROC
pressure	I-PROC
of	I-PROC
oxygen	I-PROC
(	O
PaO	B-PROC
(	O
2	O
))	O
and	O
pH	O
value	O
in	O
model	O
group	O
were	O
significantly	O
decreased	O
[	O
PaO	B-PROC
(	O
2	O
)	O
(	O
mm	O
Hg	O
,	O
1	O
mm	O
Hg	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
133	O
kPa	O
):	O
79	O
.	O
24	O
±	O
5	O
.	O
84	O
vs	O
.	O
96	O
.	O
78	O
±	O
3	O
.	O
81	O
,	O
pH	O
value	O
:	O
7	O
.	O
269	O
±	O
0	O
.	O
054	O
vs	O
.	O
7	O
.	O
391	O
±	O
0	O
.	O
054	O
],	O
arterial	B-ANAT
partial	O
pressure	O
of	O
carbon	B-CHED
dioxide	I-CHED
(	O
PaCO	O
(	O
2	O
)),	O
the	O
serum	B-COMP
levels	O
of	O
AMY	O
,	O
W	O
/	O
D	O
ratio	O
and	O
the	O
serum	B-COMP
levels	O
of	O
sPLA	B-PRGE
(	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
)	I-PRGE
were	O
significantly	O
increased	O
[	O
PaCO	O
(	O
2	O
)	O
(	O
mm	O
Hg	O
):	O
47	O
.	O
57	O
±	O
2	O
.	O
55	O
vs	O
.	O
27	O
.	O
69	O
±	O
1	O
.	O
02	O
,	O
AMY	O
(	O
U	O
/	O
L	O
):	O
7	O
144	O
.	O
19	O
±	O
727	O
.	O
91	O
vs	O
.	O
1	O
193	O
.	O
41	O
±	O
192	O
.	O
54	O
,	O
W	O
/	O
D	O
ratio	O
:	O
8	O
.	O
57	O
±	O
2	O
.	O
45	O
vs	O
.	O
3	O
.	O
70	O
±	O
0	O
.	O
90	O
,	O
sPLA	O
(	O
2	O
)	O
(	O
nmol	O
×	O
min	O
(-	O
1	O
)	O
×	O
ml	O
(-	O
1	O
)):	O
45	O
.	O
13	O
±	O
6	O
.	O
05	O
vs	O
.	O
29	O
.	O
94	O
±	O
6	O
.	O
39	O
],	O
the	O
expression	B-PROC
of	O
sPLA	B-PRGE
(	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
)-	I-PRGE
II	I-PRGE
mRNA	I-PRGE
(	O
1	O
.	O
28	O
±	O
0	O
.	O
21	O
vs	O
.	O
0	O
.	O
80	O
±	O
0	O
.	O
08	O
)	O
and	O
protein	B-CHED
were	O
significantly	O
increased	O
(	O
all	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
).	O

Comparing	O
these	O
results	O
with	O
some	O
obtained	O
previously	O
with	O
chlorhexidine	B-CHED
and	O
hexamidine	O
,	O
(	O
i	O
)	O
these	O
two	O
calixarenes	B-CHED
did	O
not	O
show	O
any	O
cytotoxicity	B-DISO
contrary	O
to	O
chlorhexidine	B-CHED
and	O
hexamidine	O
,	O
(	O
ii	O
)	O
C	O
[	O
4	O
]	O
S	O
showed	O
as	O
did	O
hexamidine	O
,	O
a	O
very	O
weak	O
activity	O
against	O
HCoV	O
229E	O
,	O
and	O
(	O
iii	O
)	O
the	O
C	B-PRGE
[	I-PRGE
4	I-PRGE
]	I-PRGE
S	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
BTZ	I-PRGE
showed	O
a	O
stronger	O
activity	O
than	O
chlorhexidine	O
,	O
i	O
.	O
e	O
.	O
2	O
.	O
7	O
and	O
1	O
.	O
4log₁₀	O
reduction	O
in	O
viral	O
titer	O
after	O
5min	O
of	O
contact	O
with	O
10	O
⁻	O
³mol	O
L	O
⁻	O
¹	O
solutions	O
of	O
C	O
[	O
4	O
]	O
S	O
-	O
BTZ	O
and	O
chlorhexidine	B-CHED
,	O
respectively	O
.	O

This	O
case	O
is	O
being	O
presented	O
to	O
emphasize	O
its	O
recognition	O
in	O
the	O
differential	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
complications	O
arising	O
from	O
acute	B-DISO
severe	I-DISO
asthma	I-DISO
and	O
to	O
present	O
its	O
management	O
strategy	O
in	O
detail	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
The	O
SARS	B-PRGE
coronavirus	B-SPEC
E	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
interacts	O
with	O
PALS1	B-PRGE
and	O
alters	O
tight	B-PROC
junction	I-PROC
formation	I-PROC
and	O
epithelial	O
morphogenesis	O
.	O

Here	O
we	O
report	O
that	O
the	O
carboxy	B-CHED
-	O
terminal	O
domain	O
of	O
the	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
E	I-PRGE
small	I-PRGE
envelope	B-COMP
protein	B-CHED
(	O
E	O
)	O
binds	B-FUNC
to	O
human	B-PRGE
PALS1	I-PRGE
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Severe	O
ventilator	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
associated	I-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
caused	O
by	O
methicillin	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
resistant	I-DISO
Staphylococcus	B-SPEC
aureus	I-SPEC
and	O
other	O
pathogens	O
:	O
report	O
of	O
a	O
case	O
successfully	O
managed	O
by	O
serial	O
surveillance	O
cultures	O
of	O
endotracheal	O
aspirates	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Local	O
prevalences	O
of	O
individual	O
diseases	O
influence	O
the	O
prioritization	O
of	O
the	O
differential	O
diagnoses	O
of	O
a	O
clinical	O
syndrome	O
of	O
acute	O
undifferentiated	O
febrile	B-DISO
illness	I-DISO
(	O
AFI	O
).	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Caffeine	B-DISO
is	O
a	O
silver	B-CHED
bullet	O
in	O
neonatology	O
.	O

In	O
mice	B-SPEC
infected	O
with	O
gliatropic	O
demyelinating	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
,	O
B7	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
H1	I-PRGE
expression	B-PROC
on	O
oligodendroglia	B-ANAT
delays	O
virus	B-SPEC
control	O
,	O
but	O
also	O
dampens	O
clinical	O
disease	O
.	O

B7	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
H1	I-PRGE
deficiency	O
did	O
not	O
affect	O
peripheral	O
T	O
or	O
B	B-PROC
cell	I-PROC
activation	I-PROC
or	O
alter	O
the	O
magnitude	O
or	O
composition	O
of	O
CNS	B-CHED
-	O
infiltrating	B-DISO
cells	B-COMP
.	O

However	O
,	O
higher	O
levels	O
of	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
γ	I-PRGE
mRNA	I-PRGE
in	O
CNS	B-CHED
-	O
infiltrating	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
-	O
specific	O
CD8	B-PRGE
T	I-PRGE
cells	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
CD4	B-PRGE
T	I-PRGE
cells	O
contributed	O
to	O
elevated	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
γ	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
in	O
the	O
B7	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
H1	I-PRGE
(-/-)	O
CNS	B-CHED
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
and	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ALI	O
/	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
are	O
severe	O
forms	O
of	O
bilateral	O
lung	B-DISO
inflammation	I-DISO
with	O
poor	O
clinical	O
outcomes	O
.	O

We	O
sequenced	O
and	O
analyzed	O
the	O
spike	O
(	O
S	O
)	O
and	O
hemagglutinin	O
/	O
esterase	B-PRGE
(	O
HE	O
)	O
genes	O
of	O
these	O
viruses	B-SPEC
and	O
compared	O
the	O
nucleotide	B-CHED
(	O
nt	O
)	O
and	O
deduced	O
amino	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
(	O
aa	O
)	O
sequences	O
with	O
those	O
of	O
other	O
bovine	B-SPEC
CoV	O
(	O
BcoV	O
)	O
strains	O
.	O

Avian	B-SPEC
influenza	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
AIV	O
)	O
infections	B-DISO
may	O
be	O
asymptomatic	O
or	O
present	O
as	O
mild	O
conjunctivitis	B-DISO
in	O
humans	B-SPEC
;	O
however	O
,	O
H5N1	B-DISO
infections	B-DISO
may	O
present	O
as	O
severe	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
progressing	O
to	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
syndrome	B-DISO
,	O
multiorgan	O
dysfunction	O
syndrome	B-DISO
and	O
death	B-PROC
.	O

Immunofluorescence	O
analysis	O
indicated	O
that	O
the	O
anti	O
-	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
-	O
M	O
antibody	B-COMP
reacted	O
with	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
-	O
infected	O
cells	B-COMP
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
investigate	O
if	O
morbidity	O
in	O
young	O
children	O
admitted	O
to	O
a	O
pediatric	O
intensive	O
care	O
unit	O
(	O
PICU	O
with	O
a	O
laboratory	O
proven	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
influenza	B-DISO
and	O
parainfluenza	B-DISO
infection	B-DISO
)	O
had	O
increased	O
.	O

Parainfluenza	B-DISO
type	O
3	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
9	O
)	O
was	O
the	O
commonest	O
subtype	O
of	O
parainfluenza	B-DISO
infection	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Porcine	B-DISO
reproductive	I-DISO
and	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
virus	I-SPEC
-	O
induced	O
immunosuppression	B-PROC
exacerbates	O
the	O
inflammatory	O
response	O
to	O
porcine	B-SPEC
respiratory	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
in	O
pigs	B-SPEC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
immunogenicity	O
and	O
efficacy	O
of	O
β	O
-	O
propiolactone	B-CHED
(	O
BPL	O
)	O
inactivated	O
whole	O
virion	B-COMP
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
(	O
WI	O
-	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
vaccine	O
was	O
evaluated	O
in	O
BALB	O
/	O
c	O
mice	B-SPEC
and	O
golden	O
Syrian	B-SPEC
hamsters	I-SPEC
.	O

Two	O
doses	O
of	O
WI	O
-	O
SARS	B-DISO
with	O
and	O
without	O
Adjuvant	B-CHED
Systems	O
were	O
highly	O
efficacious	O
in	O
mice	B-SPEC
.	O

In	O
hamsters	B-SPEC
,	O
two	O
doses	O
of	O
WI	O
-	O
SARS	B-DISO
with	O
and	O
without	O
AS01	O
(	O
B	O
)	O
were	O
immunogenic	O
,	O
and	O
two	O
doses	O
of	O
2	O
μg	O
of	O
WI	O
-	O
SARS	B-DISO
with	O
and	O
without	O
the	O
adjuvant	B-CHED
provided	O
complete	O
protection	O
from	O
early	O
challenge	O
.	O

Enhanced	O
disease	O
was	O
not	O
observed	O
in	O
the	O
lungs	B-ANAT
or	O
liver	B-ANAT
of	O
hamsters	B-SPEC
following	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
challenge	O
,	O
regardless	O
of	O
the	O
level	O
of	O
serum	B-PRGE
neutralizing	I-PRGE
antibodies	B-COMP
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Hemorrhagic	O
shock	O
and	O
resuscitation	O
induce	O
immunosuppression	B-PROC
.	O

CD4	B-PRGE
(+)	O
CD25	O
(+)	O
Foxp3	O
(+)	O
regulatory	B-ANAT
T	I-ANAT
Cells	I-ANAT
(	O
Foxp3	O
(+)	O
Tregs	O
),	O
iNOS	O
and	O
cytokines	O
may	O
affect	O
these	O
severe	O
conditions	O
such	O
as	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
and	O
multiple	B-DISO
organ	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
after	O
hemorrhagic	B-DISO
shock	I-DISO
and	O
resuscitation	O
.	O

Immune	O
condition	B-DISO
may	O
be	O
restored	O
by	O
hypertonic	O
saline	O
resuscitation	O
that	O
inhibits	O
pro	B-CHED
-	O
inflammatory	O
effects	O
of	O
cytokine	O
.	O

At	O
6h	O
,	O
NOS2	B-PRGE
in	O
HS	O
wild	O
group	O
was	O
significantly	O
lower	O
than	O
in	O
2LR	O
wild	O
group	O
.	O

Plasma	B-ANAT
levels	O
of	O
interleukin	B-PRGE
(	O
IL	O
)-	O
6	O
,	O
TNF	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
α	I-PRGE
,	O
MCP	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
,	O
and	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
10	I-FUNC
increased	O
at	O
2	O
h	O
.	O
Both	O
in	O
wild	O
type	O
and	O
iNOS	O
knockout	O
mice	B-SPEC
,	O
hypertonic	O
saline	O
resuscitation	O
decreased	O
plasma	B-PRGE
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
6	I-FUNC
,	O
TNF	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
α	I-PRGE
,	O
and	O
MCP	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
levels	O
at	O
2	O
h	O
;	O
CD4	B-PRGE
(+)	O
T	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
in	O
spleen	B-ANAT
and	O
thymus	B-SPEC
decreased	O
at	O
24	O
,	O
48	O
,	O
and	O
72	O
h	O
,	O
and	O
Foxp3	O
(+)	O
Tregs	O
in	O
spleen	B-ANAT
at	O
48	O
h	O
increased	O
,	O
however	O
,	O
hypertonic	O
saline	O
resuscitation	O
did	O
not	O
affect	O
the	O
Foxp3	O
(+).	O

Published	O
data	O
on	O
trends	O
in	O
the	O
epidemiology	O
and	O
management	O
of	O
respiratory	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
and	O
are	O
summarized	O
;	O
finally	O
,	O
the	O
limitations	O
of	O
available	O
data	O
and	O
projections	O
for	O
the	O
future	O
of	O
respiratory	O
health	O
in	O
the	O
region	O
are	O
discussed	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Severe	O
respiratory	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
in	O
an	O
intensive	O
care	O
unit	O
during	O
influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
(	O
H1N1	O
)	O
2009	O
pandemia	O
].	O

This	O
study	O
seeks	O
to	O
describe	O
attitudes	O
and	O
perceived	O
practices	O
of	O
pediatric	O
intensivists	O
regarding	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
noninvasive	O
positive	O
-	O
pressure	O
ventilation	O
in	O
children	O
with	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
.	O

Respondents	O
reported	O
use	O
of	O
noninvasive	O
positive	O
-	O
pressure	O
ventilation	O
for	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
failure	O
in	O
lower	O
airway	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
(	O
70	O
%),	O
asthma	B-PATH
(	O
51	O
%),	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
/	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
43	O
%),	O
and	O
upper	B-DISO
airway	I-DISO
obstruction	I-DISO
(	O
31	O
%).	O

These	O
findings	O
may	O
help	O
direct	O
further	O
studies	O
of	O
noninvasive	O
positive	O
-	O
pressure	O
ventilation	O
in	O
children	O
with	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
.	O

Each	O
group	O
received	O
oxygen	B-CHED
therapy	O
,	O
NIV	O
using	O
a	O
vented	O
mask	O
system	O
and	O
a	O
modified	O
circuit	O
with	O
non	O
-	O
vented	O
mask	O
and	O
exhalation	B-PROC
filter	O
,	O
and	O
nebulised	O
saline	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Mass	O
exposure	O
to	O
explosions	O
,	O
infectious	B-DISO
agents	O
,	O
foodborne	O
illnesses	O
,	O
chemicals	O
or	O
radiological	O
materials	O
may	O
require	O
mass	O
decontamination	O
that	O
have	O
critical	O
psychosocial	O
implications	O
for	O
the	O
public	O
and	O
for	O
both	O
traditional	O
and	O
non	O
-	O
traditional	O
responders	O
in	O
terms	O
of	O
impact	O
and	O
of	O
response	O
.	O

Implication	O
for	O
responders	O
,	O
healthcare	O
and	O
emergency	O
infrastructure	O
,	O
public	O
behaviour	B-PROC
,	O
screening	O
processes	O
,	O
risk	O
communication	O
and	O
media	B-ANAT
management	O
are	O
described	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
coronavirus	B-PRGE
small	I-PRGE
envelope	B-COMP
(	I-PRGE
E	I-PRGE
)	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
plays	O
a	O
crucial	O
,	O
but	O
poorly	O
defined	O
,	O
role	O
in	O
the	O
assembly	O
of	O
virions	B-COMP
.	O

We	O
subsequently	O
constructed	O
an	O
E	O
gene	B-DISO
deletion	I-DISO
(	O
ΔE	O
)	O
mutant	B-DISO
that	O
was	O
only	O
minimally	O
viable	O
.	O

Severe	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
was	O
present	O
in	O
645	O
ICU	O
patients	O
.	O

ICU	O
length	O
of	O
stay	O
was	O
3	O
days	O
longer	O
in	O
patients	O
who	O
had	O
coinfection	B-DISO
than	O
in	O
patients	O
who	O
did	O
not	O
(	O
11	O
[	O
interquartile	O
range	O
,	O
5	O
-	O
23	O
]	O
vs	O
8	O
[	O
interquartile	O
range	O
4	O
-	O
17	O
],	O
P	O
=.	O
01	O
).	O

The	O
duration	O
of	O
ECMO	O
support	O
was	O
significantly	O
shorter	O
in	O
group	O
A	O
than	O
in	O
group	B-DISO
B	I-DISO
(	O
111	O
±	O
68	O
hr	O
vs	O
.	O
380	O
±	O
233	O
hr	O
,	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
011	O
).	O

In	O
all	O
cases	O
,	O
vivax	B-DISO
malaria	I-DISO
was	O
diagnosed	O
by	O
peripheral	B-ANAT
blood	I-ANAT
film	O
(	O
PBF	O
)	O
examination	O
.	O

Three	O
additional	O
authentic	O
flavones	B-CHED
(	O
apigenin	B-CHED
,	O
luteolin	B-PRGE
and	I-PRGE
quercetin	B-CHED
)	O
were	O
tested	O
to	O
establish	O
the	O
basic	O
structure	O
-	O
activity	O
relationship	O
of	O
biflavones	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Spectrum	O
of	O
hypokalaemic	B-DISO
periodic	I-DISO
paralysis	I-DISO
in	O
a	O
tertiary	O
care	O
centre	O
in	O
India	O
.	O

Patients	O
with	O
Guillain	O
-	O
Barré	O
syndrome	B-DISO
,	O
porphyria	B-DISO
,	O
polio	B-DISO
and	O
non	O
-	O
polio	B-DISO
enterovirus	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
and	O
myositis	B-DISO
were	O
excluded	O
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
43	O
.	O
3	O
%	O
of	O
patients	O
with	O
hypokalaemic	O
paralysis	O
had	O
a	O
secondary	O
cause	O
for	O
their	O
condition	B-DISO
.	O

Lymphocytes	B-ANAT
may	O
play	O
a	O
role	O
in	O
resolution	O
of	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
there	O
is	O
no	O
effective	O
pharmacologic	O
therapy	O
,	O
although	O
cell	O
-	O
based	O
therapy	O
and	O
other	O
therapies	O
currently	O
being	O
tested	O
in	O
clinical	O
trials	O
may	O
provide	O
novel	O
treatments	O
for	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
currently	O
available	O
extracorporeal	O
lung	O
assist	O
systems	O
are	O
described	O
in	O
this	O
article	O
,	O
including	O
high	O
flow	O
systems	O
such	O
as	O
traditional	O
extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenation	B-PROC
,	O
CO₂	O
removal	O
systems	O
(	O
interventional	O
lung	B-ANAT
assist	O
or	O
iLA	O
,	O
with	O
or	O
without	O
associated	O
centrifugal	O
pumps	O
),	O
and	O
the	O
new	O
low	O
flow	O
and	O
less	O
invasive	O
systems	O
under	O
development	B-PROC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Identifying	O
genetic	B-PROC
markers	I-PROC
of	O
adaptation	B-PROC
for	O
surveillance	O
of	O
viral	O
host	B-COMP
jumps	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Transfusion	O
requirements	O
after	O
cardiac	B-ANAT
surgery	O
:	O
the	O
TRACS	O
randomized	O
controlled	O
trial	O
.	O

To	O
define	O
whether	O
a	O
restrictive	O
perioperative	O
red	B-ANAT
blood	I-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
transfusion	O
strategy	O
is	O
as	O
safe	O
as	O
a	O
liberal	O
strategy	O
in	O
patients	O
undergoing	O
elective	O
cardiac	B-ANAT
surgery	O
.	O

Among	O
patients	O
undergoing	O
cardiac	B-ANAT
surgery	O
,	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
a	O
restrictive	O
perioperative	O
transfusion	O
strategy	O
compared	O
with	O
a	O
more	O
liberal	O
strategy	O
resulted	O
in	O
noninferior	O
rates	O
of	O
the	O
combined	O
outcome	O
of	O
30	O
-	O
day	O
all	O
-	O
cause	O
mortality	O
and	O
severe	O
morbidity	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Little	O
is	O
known	O
about	O
the	O
induction	O
of	O
humoral	O
responses	O
directed	O
against	O
human	O
autoantigens	O
during	O
acute	O
inflammation	B-DISO
.	O

In	O
some	O
cases	O
,	O
the	O
patient	O
autoantibody	O
titers	O
remained	O
elevated	O
through	O
the	O
last	O
serum	B-ANAT
sample	I-ANAT
collected	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
From	O
screening	O
patient	O
plasma	B-ANAT
,	O
57	O
%	O
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
and	O
46	O
%	O
of	O
septic	O
patients	O
without	O
ARDS	B-DISO
demonstrated	O
at	O
least	O
one	O
statistically	O
significant	O
elevated	O
autoantibody	O
compared	O
to	O
the	O
controls	O
.	O

In	O
some	O
cases	O
,	O
the	O
patient	O
autoantibody	O
titers	O
remained	O
elevated	O
through	O
the	O
last	O
serum	B-ANAT
sample	I-ANAT
collected	O
.	O

The	O
substrate	O
sequences	O
were	O
inserted	O
between	O
cyan	O
and	O
yellow	O
fluorescent	O
proteins	B-CHED
so	O
that	O
the	O
cleavage	B-PROC
rates	O
were	O
monitored	O
by	O
in	O
vitro	O
fluorescence	O
resonance	O
energy	B-PROC
transfer	I-PROC
.	O

Noteworthy	O
,	O
solvent	B-CHED
exposed	O
sites	O
such	O
as	O
P5	O
,	O
P3	O
and	O
P3	O
'	O
positions	O
favour	O
positively	O
charged	O
residues	O
over	O
negatively	O
charged	O
one	O
,	O
suggesting	O
that	O
electrostatic	O
interactions	O
may	O
play	O
a	O
role	O
in	O
catalysis	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Cholesterol	B-CHED
is	O
a	O
major	O
constituent	O
of	O
detergent	B-CHED
-	O
resistant	O
membrane	B-COMP
microdomains	O
(	O
DRMs	O
).	O

Though	O
S	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
was	O
not	O
solubilized	O
by	O
cold	B-DISO
non	O
-	O
ionic	O
detergents	B-CHED
,	O
this	O
behavior	O
was	O
unchanged	O
when	O
cholesterol	B-CHED
was	O
depleted	O
from	O
viral	B-COMP
membrane	I-COMP
by	O
methyl	B-CHED
-	O
β	O
-	O
cyclodextrin	B-CHED
(	O
MβCD	O
)	O
and	O
the	O
protein	B-CHED
did	O
not	O
comigrate	O
with	O
cellular	B-COMP
DRM	B-DISO
marker	O
proteins	B-CHED
in	O
flotation	O
analyses	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Construction	O
and	O
immunogenicity	O
of	O
a	O
recombinant	O
fowlpox	B-DISO
vaccine	O
coexpressing	O
S1	B-PRGE
glycoprotein	B-CHED
of	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
and	O
chicken	B-PRGE
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
18	I-FUNC
.	O

The	O
ratios	O
of	O
CD4	B-PRGE
(+)	O
to	O
CD8	B-PRGE
(+)	I-PRGE
in	I-PRGE
chickens	I-PRGE
immunized	O
with	O
rFPV	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
S1	I-PRGE
/	I-PRGE
IL18	I-PRGE
were	O
significantly	O
higher	O
(	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
)	O
than	O
in	O
those	O
immunized	O
with	O
rFPV	O
-	O
S1	O
.	O

Many	O
laboratory	O
animal	B-SPEC
models	O
of	O
poxviral	O
disease	O
have	O
been	O
developed	O
over	O
the	O
years	O
to	O
study	O
host	B-PROC
response	I-PROC
and	O
to	O
evaluate	O
new	O
therapeutics	O
and	O
vaccines	O
for	O
the	O
treatment	O
or	O
prevention	O
of	O
human	B-SPEC
smallpox	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Establishment	O
of	O
the	O
eukaryotic	B-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
lines	O
for	O
inducible	O
control	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
nucleocapsid	B-COMP
gene	B-PROC
expression	I-PROC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
In	O
order	B-SPEC
to	O
establish	O
the	O
eukaryotic	B-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
lines	O
for	O
inducible	O
control	O
of	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
nucleocapsid	B-COMP
gene	B-PROC
expression	I-PROC
.	O

The	O
co	O
-	O
localization	B-PROC
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoVN	O
and	O
CXCL16	B-PRGE
in	O
the	O
cytoplasm	B-COMP
of	O
HEK293FT	O
cells	B-COMP
was	O
also	O
shown	O
using	O
confocal	O
laser	B-SPEC
scanning	O
microscopy	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Complete	O
genomic	O
sequence	O
of	O
transmissible	O
gastroenteritis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
TS	O
and	O
3	O
'	O
end	O
sequence	O
characterization	O
following	O
cell	O
culture	O
.	O

Of	O
them	O
,	O
3	O
cases	O
(	O
10	O
.	O
3	O
%)	O
were	O
abnormal	O
,	O
showed	O
symmetrical	O
long	O
T1	O
and	O
T2	O
signal	O
shadow	O
in	O
bilateral	O
thalamus	B-ANAT
and	O
longer	O
T1	O
and	O
T2	O
signals	O
in	O
the	O
between	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
In	O
late	O
March	O
2009	O
,	O
an	O
outbreak	O
of	O
influenza	O
A	O
virus	B-PROC
infection	I-PROC
was	O
detected	O
in	O
Mexico	O
with	O
subsequent	O
cases	O
observed	O
in	O
many	O
other	O
countries	O
.	O

She	O
was	O
admitted	O
with	O
a	O
5	O
-	O
day	O
history	O
of	O
febrile	B-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
and	O
respiratory	B-DISO
symptoms	I-DISO
,	O
with	O
extensive	O
bilateral	B-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
and	O
acute	O
severe	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
that	O
required	O
admission	O
to	O
the	O
intensive	O
care	O
unit	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Transfusion	O
-	O
related	O
Plasmodium	B-DISO
ovale	I-DISO
malaria	B-PATH
complicated	O
by	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
in	O
a	O
non	O
-	O
endemic	O
country	O
.	O

The	O
patient	O
remained	O
intubated	O
in	O
the	O
intensive	O
care	O
unit	O
(	O
ICU	O
)	O
for	O
16	O
days	O
,	O
and	O
was	O
later	O
extubated	O
successfully	O
with	O
a	O
clear	O
chest	B-ANAT
x	O
-	O
ray	B-SPEC
after	O
a	O
total	O
of	O
one	O
month	O
hospitalization	O
.	O

These	O
results	O
indicate	O
that	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
N	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
targets	O
the	O
initial	O
step	O
,	O
probably	O
the	O
cellular	B-COMP
PRRs	B-DISO
(	O
pattern	O
recognition	O
receptors	O
)-	O
RNAs	O
-	O
recognition	O
step	O
in	O
the	O
innate	O
immune	O
pathways	B-PROC
,	O
to	O
suppress	O
IFN	O
expression	B-PROC
responses	O
.	O

(	O
i	O
)	O
Most	O
were	O
similarly	O
regulated	O
in	O
response	O
to	O
influenza	B-SPEC
virus	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
.	O

(	O
iii	O
)	O
Over	O
40	O
%	O
were	O
similarly	O
regulated	O
in	O
vitro	O
in	O
response	O
to	O
both	O
influenza	B-SPEC
virus	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
and	O
interferon	B-PRGE
treatment	O
.	O

A	O
potential	O
strategy	O
for	O
the	O
management	O
of	O
such	O
patients	O
involves	O
goal	O
-	O
oriented	O
manipulation	O
of	O
cardiac	B-ANAT
output	O
and	O
,	O
if	O
necessary	O
,	O
hemoglobin	B-PRGE
concentration	O
,	O
to	O
compensate	O
for	O
hypoxemia	O
and	O
maintain	O
a	O
normal	O
(	O
but	O
not	O
supranormal	O
)	O
value	O
of	O
oxygen	B-CHED
delivery	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Clinical	O
features	O
of	O
severe	O
new	O
influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
(	O
H1N1	O
)	O
in	O
pregnant	O
women	O
].	O

To	O
protect	O
against	O
future	O
emerging	O
strains	O
,	O
vaccine	O
platforms	O
should	O
induce	O
broad	O
cross	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
reactive	I-PROC
immunity	B-PROC
that	O
is	O
sufficient	O
to	O
protect	O
from	O
homologous	O
and	O
heterologous	O
challenge	O
in	O
all	O
ages	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Leptospirosis	B-DISO
:	O
An	O
Unusual	O
Cause	O
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

We	O
present	O
the	O
case	O
of	O
an	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
caused	O
by	O
a	O
severe	O
leptospirosis	B-DISO
.	O

Bedside	O
open	O
lung	B-ANAT
biopsy	O
was	O
only	O
consistent	O
with	O
a	O
postinfectious	O
BOOP	B-DISO
.	O

Seropositivity	O
for	O
influenza	B-DISO
B	O
was	O
significantly	O
associated	O
with	O
a	O
history	O
of	O
suicide	B-DISO
attempt	I-DISO
(	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
001	O
)	O
and	O
history	O
of	O
psychotic	B-DISO
symptoms	I-DISO
(	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
005	O
).	O

The	O
need	O
for	O
these	O
studies	O
is	O
additionally	O
supported	O
by	O
the	O
high	O
incidence	O
of	O
these	O
viral	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
,	O
the	O
high	O
prevalence	O
of	O
mood	B-DISO
disorders	I-DISO
,	O
and	O
resilience	O
of	O
suicide	O
epidemics	O
.	O

Neonatal	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
is	O
still	O
a	O
common	O
cause	O
of	O
hospitalization	O
in	O
China	O
.	O

This	O
study	O
was	O
to	O
investigate	O
the	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
,	O
clinical	O
characteristics	O
and	O
management	O
strategies	O
of	O
RDS	O
in	O
full	O
-	O
term	O
neonates	O
,	O
with	O
the	O
aim	O
of	O
developing	O
a	O
working	O
protocol	O
for	O
improving	O
the	O
outcome	O
in	O
full	O
-	O
term	O
neonates	O
with	O
RDS	O
.	O

(	O
4	O
)	O
Complications	O
included	O
multiple	B-DISO
organ	I-DISO
system	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
(	O
MOSF	O
)	O
in	O
49	O
patients	O
,	O
persistent	B-DISO
pulmonary	I-DISO
hypertension	I-DISO
of	I-DISO
newborn	I-DISO
(	O
PPHN	O
)	O
in	O
25	O
patients	O
,	O
acute	B-DISO
renal	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
in	O
18	O
patients	O
,	O
severe	O
hyperkalemia	O
in	O
25	O
patients	O
,	O
severe	O
metabolic	B-DISO
acidosis	I-DISO
in	O
6	O
cases	O
,	O
severe	O
myocardial	O
injury	O
in	O
9	O
cases	O
,	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
hemorrhage	I-DISO
in	O
3	O
cases	O
,	O
disseminated	B-DISO
intravascular	I-DISO
coagulation	I-DISO
in	O
14	O
patients	O
and	O
shock	O
in	O
12	O
patients	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Early	O
gene	B-PROC
expression	I-PROC
events	O
in	O
ferrets	B-SPEC
in	O
response	O
to	O
SARS	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
versus	O
direct	O
interferon	O
-	O
alpha2b	O
stimulation	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Epidemiology	O
of	O
human	B-SPEC
enterovirus	B-SPEC
71	O
infections	B-DISO
in	O
France	O
,	O
2000	O
-	O
2009	O
.	O

We	O
studied	O
the	O
APACHE	O
III	O
database	O
and	O
cTnT	O
levels	O
from	O
patients	O
admitted	O
consecutively	O
to	O
the	O
ICU	O
at	O
Mayo	B-SPEC
Clinic	O
,	O
Rochester	O
,	O
Minnesota	O
.	O

Here	O
we	O
determine	O
the	O
impact	O
of	O
ectopic	B-PROC
expression	I-PROC
of	O
ISG20	B-PRGE
on	O
replication	O
of	O
several	O
positive	O
-	O
strand	O
RNA	O
viruses	B-SPEC
from	O
distinct	O
viral	O
families	O
.	O

The	O
closely	O
related	O
cellular	B-COMP
exonucleases	O
,	O
ISG20L1	B-PRGE
and	O
ISG20L2	B-PRGE
,	O
did	O
not	O
inhibit	O
HCV	B-SPEC
replication	O
.	O

Together	O
,	O
these	O
data	O
may	O
help	O
better	O
understand	O
the	O
antiviral	B-CHED
specificity	O
and	O
action	O
of	O
ISG20	B-PRGE
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Investigation	O
of	O
the	O
influence	O
of	O
EPs	B-PRGE
®	I-PRGE
7630	O
,	O
a	O
herbal	O
drug	O
preparation	O
from	O
Pelargonium	B-SPEC
sidoides	O
,	O
on	O
replication	O
of	O
a	O
broad	O
panel	O
of	O
respiratory	O
viruses	O
.	O

In	O
children	O
<	O
5	O
years	O
of	O
age	O
,	O
the	O
proportion	O
of	O
severe	O
malaria	O
attributable	O
to	O
P	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
vivax	I-SPEC
rose	B-SPEC
to	O
67	O
.	O
4	O
%	O
(	O
31	O
/	O
46	O
)	O
compared	O
with	O
30	O
.	O
4	O
%	O
(	O
14	O
/	O
46	O
)	O
of	O
P	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
falciparum	I-SPEC
(	O
OR	O
=	O
4	O
.	O
7	O
[	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
=	O
2	O
.	O
6	O
-	O
8	O
.	O
6	O
],	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
0001	O
)	O
and	O
2	O
.	O
2	O
%	O
(	O
1	O
/	O
46	O
)	O
of	O
mixed	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
(	O
OR	O
=	O
92	O
[	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
=	O
24	O
.	O
6	O
-	O
339	O
.	O
9	O
],	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
0001	O
).	O

Needs	O
and	O
values	O
assessments	O
were	O
undertaken	O
by	O
international	O
experts	O
in	O
pandemic	O
infection	B-DISO
control	O
and	O
local	O
healthcare	O
workers	O
.	O

Despite	O
the	O
equivocal	O
evidence	O
for	O
the	O
efficacy	O
of	O
surgical	O
and	O
N95	O
masks	O
and	O
the	O
provision	O
of	O
algorithms	O
appropriate	O
for	O
the	O
level	O
of	O
risk	O
according	O
to	O
clinical	O
care	O
during	O
a	O
pandemic	O
,	O
clinicians	O
still	O
demanded	O
N95	O
masks	O
plus	O
face	B-DISO
shields	O
in	O
combination	O
with	O
prophylaxis	O
and	O
novel	O
vaccination	O
.	O

Since	O
immunohistochemistry	O
(	O
IHC	O
)	O
includes	O
most	O
of	O
these	O
features	O
,	O
its	O
sensitivity	O
,	O
specificity	O
,	O
predictive	O
positive	O
value	O
(	O
PPV	B-CHED
)	O
and	O
predictive	O
negative	O
value	O
(	O
PNV	O
)	O
for	O
West	B-DISO
Nile	I-DISO
virus	I-DISO
(	O
WNv	B-DISO
)	O
screening	O
were	O
compared	O
to	O
those	O
of	O
the	O
gold	B-CHED
standard	O
,	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
testing	O
of	O
kidney	B-ANAT
tissue	B-ANAT
in	O
dead	B-PROC
birds	B-SPEC
.	O

Fixed	B-ANAT
tissue	B-ANAT
sections	O
were	O
screened	O
by	O
IHC	O
using	O
polyclonal	O
antibodies	B-COMP
,	O
and	O
frozen	O
kidney	B-ANAT
tissues	B-ANAT
were	O
tested	O
with	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
.	O

The	O
present	O
study	O
showed	O
that	O
IHC	O
is	O
as	O
equally	O
effective	O
as	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
in	O
screening	O
for	O
WNv	B-DISO
in	O
dead	B-PROC
birds	B-SPEC
.	O

Therefore	O
,	O
IHC	O
can	O
effectively	O
serve	O
as	O
a	O
competent	O
screening	O
technique	O
for	O
those	O
disease	O
surveillance	O
agencies	O
that	O
lack	O
expensive	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
technology	O
while	O
promoting	O
safer	O
biohazardous	O
conditions	O
,	O
except	O
at	O
the	O
initial	O
stage	O
of	O
tissue	B-ANAT
collection	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
CoV	O
)	O
E	O
protein	B-CHED
plays	O
an	O
important	O
role	O
in	O
virus	B-PROC
assembly	I-PROC
.	O

Genetic	O
variations	O
,	O
including	O
whole	O
-	O
gene	B-PROC
deletions	I-PROC
,	O
are	O
key	O
to	O
IBV	B-SPEC
evolution	B-PROC
.	O

Australian	O
subgroup	O
2	O
IBVs	O
contain	O
sequence	B-PROC
insertions	I-PROC
and	O
multiple	O
gene	B-PROC
deletions	I-PROC
that	O
have	O
resulted	O
in	O
a	O
substantial	O
genomic	O
divergence	O
from	O
international	O
IBVs	O
.	O

Open	O
reading	O
frames	O
(	O
ORFs	O
)	O
found	O
throughout	O
the	O
genome	O
of	O
Australian	O
IBVs	O
were	O
analogous	O
in	O
sequence	O
and	O
position	O
to	O
TCoV	O
ORFs	O
,	O
except	O
for	O
ORF	B-PRGE
4b	I-PRGE
,	O
which	O
appeared	O
to	O
be	O
translocated	O
to	O
a	O
different	O
position	O
in	O
the	O
subgroup	O
2	O
strains	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Structural	O
analysis	O
of	O
soft	O
multicomponent	O
nanoparticle	B-CHED
clusters	B-CHED
.	O

When	O
compared	O
to	O
culture	O
,	O
the	O
xTAG	B-PRGE
PRV	I-PRGE
showed	O
a	O
sensitivity	O
and	O
specificity	O
of	O
100	O
%	O
and	O
91	O
%,	O
compared	O
to	O
MultiCode	O
-	O
PLx	O
with	O
89	O
%	O
and	O
87	O
%,	O
and	O
ResPlex	O
II	O
with	O
89	O
%	O
and	O
94	O
%,	O
respectively	O
.	O

Co	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
was	O
detected	O
in	O
a	O
small	O
subset	O
of	O
patient	O
specimens	O
.	O

Each	O
panel	O
showed	O
differences	O
in	O
sensitivities	O
for	O
individual	O
viruses	B-SPEC
.	O

Each	O
panel	O
showed	O
differences	O
in	O
sensitivities	O
for	O
individual	O
viruses	B-SPEC
.	O

The	O
body	B-ANAT
temperature	O
was	O
higher	O
than	O
39	O
°	O
C	O
accompanied	O
by	O
chill	B-DISO
and	O
low	O
blood	B-PROC
pressure	I-PROC
at	O
the	O
onset	O
of	O
the	O
illness	O
.	O

Twenty	O
-	O
one	O
viruses	B-SPEC
,	O
including	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
OC43	I-SPEC
,	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
NL63	I-SPEC
,	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
229E	I-SPEC
,	O
HCoV	O
-	O
HKU1	O
,	O
and	O
RSV	B-SPEC
were	O
tested	O
.	O

Among	O
children	O
with	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
OC43	I-SPEC
,	O
73	O
.	O
0	O
%	O
tested	O
positive	O
for	O
at	O
least	O
one	O
other	O
virus	B-SPEC
,	O
compared	O
with	O
41	O
.	O
2	O
%	O
with	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
NL63	I-SPEC
and	O
40	O
.	O
3	O
%	O
with	O
RSV	B-SPEC
(	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
03	O
and	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
01	O
,	O
respectively	O
).	O

Lower	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
tract	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
(	O
LRTI	B-DISO
)	O
was	O
half	O
as	O
common	O
in	O
children	O
with	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
OC43	I-SPEC
(	O
48	O
.	O
6	O
%)	O
and	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
NL63	I-SPEC
(	O
47	O
.	O
1	O
%)	O
as	O
in	O
children	O
with	O
RSV	B-SPEC
(	O
82	O
.	O
3	O
%)	O
(	O
both	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
01	O
).	O

Neither	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
229E	I-SPEC
nor	O
HCoV	O
-	O
HKU1	O
was	O
detected	O
.	O

Sequence	O
analysis	O
showed	O
that	O
the	O
detected	O
viruses	B-SPEC
are	O
gamma	O
-	O
coronaviruses	O
related	O
to	O
IBV	B-SPEC
.	O

These	O
cytokines	O
,	O
except	O
TNFα	O
,	O
had	O
a	O
positive	O
correlation	O
with	O
the	O
admission	O
delay	O
and	O
C	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
reactive	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
,	O
and	O
a	O
negative	O
correlation	O
with	O
the	O
PaO	B-PROC
(	O
2	O
):	O
FiO	O
(	O
2	O
)	O
ratio	O
.	O

Few	O
HCWs	O
(	O
6	O
.	O
6	O
%)	O
had	O
restricted	O
their	O
social	O
contacts	O
and	O
fewer	O
(	O
3	O
.	O
8	O
%)	O
felt	O
isolated	O
by	O
their	O
family	B-SPEC
members	O
and	O
friends	O
because	O
of	O
their	O
hospital	O
work	O
,	O
while	O
a	O
low	O
percentage	O
(	O
4	O
.	O
3	O
%)	O
indented	O
to	O
take	O
a	O
leave	O
to	O
avoid	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Trends	O
in	O
importation	O
of	O
communicable	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
into	O
Singapore	O
.	O

Non	O
-	O
invasive	O
ventilation	O
is	O
now	O
considered	O
first	O
-	O
line	O
intervention	O
for	O
different	O
causes	O
of	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
and	O
may	O
be	O
considered	O
in	O
the	O
context	O
of	O
H1N1	O
pandemic	O
.	O

Treatment	O
of	O
early	O
Acute	B-DISO
Respiratory	I-DISO
Distress	I-DISO
Syndrome	I-DISO
associated	O
with	O
H1N1	O
using	O
non	O
-	O
invasive	O
ventilation	O
could	O
be	O
tried	O
rapidly	O
identifying	O
those	O
who	O
fail	O
without	O
delaying	O
endotracheal	O
intubation	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
By	O
revisiting	O
the	O
air	B-CHED
distribution	O
and	O
bioaerosol	O
dispersion	O
in	O
Ward	O
8A	O
where	O
the	O
largest	O
nosocomial	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
outbreak	O
occurred	O
in	O
Hong	O
Kong	O
in	O
2003	O
,	O
we	O
found	O
an	O
interesting	O
phenomenon	O
.	O

Although	O
all	O
the	O
cubicles	O
were	O
in	O
'	O
positive	O
pressure	O
'	O
towards	O
the	O
corridor	O
,	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
-	O
containing	O
bioaerosols	O
generated	O
from	O
the	O
index	O
patient	O
'	O
s	O
cubicle	O
were	O
still	O
transmitted	B-DISO
to	O
other	O
cubicles	O
,	O
which	O
cannot	O
be	O
explained	O
in	O
a	O
traditional	O
manner	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Eosinophilic	O
infiltrate	B-DISO
in	O
a	O
patient	O
with	O
severe	O
Legionella	B-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
as	O
a	O
levofloxacin	B-CHED
-	O
related	O
complication	O
:	O
a	O
case	O
report	O
.	O

The	O
severe	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
was	O
accompanied	O
by	O
elevated	O
neutrophil	B-ANAT
infiltration	B-DISO
,	O
cell	B-PROC
death	I-PROC
,	O
and	O
fibrin	B-DISO
deposition	I-DISO
in	O
the	O
lung	B-ANAT
.	O

Comparison	O
of	O
the	O
highly	O
virulent	O
JHM	O
isolate	O
,	O
JHM	O
.	O
SD	O
,	O
with	O
less	O
virulent	O
JHM	O
isolates	O
and	O
with	O
A59	O
has	O
been	O
used	O
to	O
determine	O
the	O
mechanisms	O
and	O
genes	O
responsible	O
for	O
high	O
neuropathogenicity	O
of	O
MHV	B-SPEC
.	O

Further	O
data	O
suggest	O
that	O
neither	O
the	O
internal	O
(	O
I	O
)	O
protein	B-CHED
nor	O
nonstructural	O
proteins	B-CHED
ns4	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
ns2	B-DISO
are	O
significant	O
contributors	O
to	O
neurovirulence	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Nucleic	B-ANAT
acid	I-CHED
amplification	B-DISO
-	O
based	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
respiratory	O
virus	B-SPEC
infections	B-DISO
.	O

Nucleic	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
amplification	B-DISO
tests	O
(	O
NATs	O
)	O
that	O
first	O
appeared	O
two	O
decades	O
ago	O
have	O
been	O
developed	O
for	O
both	O
conventional	O
and	O
emerging	O
viruses	B-SPEC
and	O
now	O
form	O
the	O
backbone	B-ANAT
of	O
the	O
clinical	O
laboratory	O
.	O

Tramadol	O
and	O
tapentadol	O
hydrochloride	B-CHED
are	O
novel	O
in	O
that	O
their	O
analgesic	B-CHED
actions	O
occur	O
at	O
multiple	O
sites	O
.	O

In	O
this	O
study	O
we	O
demonstrate	O
that	O
the	O
combination	O
of	O
Zn	O
(	O
2	O
+)	O
and	O
PT	O
at	O
low	O
concentrations	O
(	O
2	O
µM	O
Zn	O
(	O
2	O
+)	O
and	O
2	O
µM	O
PT	O
)	O
inhibits	O
the	O
replication	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
and	O
equine	B-SPEC
arteritis	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
EAV	B-SPEC
)	O
in	O
cell	B-COMP
culture	O
.	O

The	O
objective	O
of	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
therefore	O
,	O
was	O
to	O
analyze	O
perioperative	O
demographics	O
and	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
outcomes	O
of	O
patients	O
with	O
SA	O
after	O
orthopedic	O
and	O
general	O
surgical	O
procedures	O
using	O
a	O
population	O
-	O
based	O
sample	O
.	O

Orthopedic	O
and	O
general	O
surgical	O
procedures	O
were	O
included	O
and	O
discharges	B-ANAT
with	O
a	O
diagnosis	O
code	O
for	O
SA	O
were	O
identified	O
.	O

SA	O
was	O
associated	O
with	O
a	O
significantly	O
higher	O
adjusted	O
OR	O
of	O
developing	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
complications	I-DISO
after	O
both	O
orthopedic	O
and	O
general	O
surgical	O
procedures	O
,	O
respectively	O
,	O
with	O
the	O
exception	O
of	O
PE	O
(	O
OR	O
for	O
aspiration	B-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
:	O
1	O
.	O
41	O
[	O
1	O
.	O
35	O
,	O
1	O
.	O
47	O
]	O
and	O
1	O
.	O
37	O
[	O
1	O
.	O
33	O
,	O
1	O
.	O
41	O
];	O
for	O
ARDS	B-DISO
:	O
2	O
.	O
39	O
[	O
2	O
.	O
28	O
,	O
2	O
.	O
51	O
]	O
and	O
1	O
.	O
58	O
[	O
1	O
.	O
54	O
,	O
1	O
.	O
62	O
];	O
for	O
PE	O
:	O
OR	O
1	O
.	O
22	O
[	O
1	O
.	O
15	O
,	O
1	O
.	O
29	O
]	O
and	O
0	O
.	O
90	O
[	O
0	O
.	O
84	O
,	O
0	O
.	O
97	O
];	O
for	O
intubation	O
/	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
:	O
5	O
.	O
20	O
[	O
5	O
.	O
05	O
,	O
5	O
.	O
37	O
]	O
and	O
1	O
.	O
95	O
[	O
1	O
.	O
91	O
,	O
1	O
.	O
98	O
]).	O

After	O
their	O
characterization	O
,	O
three	O
MAbs	O
were	O
selected	O
in	O
order	B-SPEC
to	O
develop	O
a	O
differential	O
DAS	O
-	O
ELISA	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Total	O
liquid	O
ventilation	O
provides	O
superior	O
respiratory	O
support	O
to	O
conventional	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
in	O
a	O
large	O
animal	B-SPEC
model	O
of	O
severe	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
.	O

Survival	O
at	O
24	O
hours	O
in	O
the	O
TLV	O
and	O
CMV	B-SPEC
groups	O
were	O
100	O
%	O
and	O
40	O
%,	O
respectively	O
(	O
p	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
2	O
'-	O
O	O
methylation	B-PROC
of	O
the	O
viral	O
mRNA	B-CHED
cap	B-DISO
evades	O
host	B-COMP
restriction	O
by	O
IFIT	B-PRGE
family	I-PRGE
members	I-PRGE
.	O

Here	O
we	O
show	O
that	O
a	O
West	B-DISO
Nile	I-DISO
virus	I-DISO
(	O
WNV	B-DISO
)	O
mutant	B-DISO
(	O
E218A	O
)	O
that	O
lacks	O
2	O
'-	O
O	O
MTase	B-PRGE
activity	O
was	O
attenuated	O
in	O
wild	O
-	O
type	O
primary	O
cells	B-COMP
and	O
mice	B-SPEC
but	O
was	O
pathogenic	O
in	O
the	O
absence	O
of	O
type	O
I	O
interferon	B-PRGE
(	O
IFN	B-PRGE
)	O
signalling	B-PROC
.	O

Our	O
results	O
demonstrate	O
that	O
the	O
2	O
'-	O
O	O
methylation	B-PROC
of	O
the	O
5	O
'	O
cap	B-DISO
of	O
viral	O
RNA	O
functions	O
to	O
subvert	O
innate	O
host	B-COMP
antiviral	B-CHED
responses	O
through	O
escape	O
of	O
IFIT	O
-	O
mediated	O
suppression	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
suggest	O
an	O
evolutionary	O
explanation	O
for	O
2	O
'-	O
O	O
methylation	B-PROC
of	O
cellular	B-COMP
mRNA	B-CHED
:	O
to	O
distinguish	O
self	O
from	O
non	O
-	O
self	O
RNA	O
.	O

The	O
viral	B-PRGE
peptidase	I-PRGE
activation	O
described	O
here	O
could	O
be	O
related	O
to	O
the	O
crowded	O
intracellular	B-COMP
environment	O
and	O
indicates	O
a	O
further	O
fine	O
-	O
tuning	O
mechanism	O
for	O
biological	B-PROC
control	I-PROC
,	O
particularly	O
in	O
the	O
microenvironment	O
of	O
the	O
vesicles	B-COMP
that	O
are	O
induced	O
in	O
host	B-COMP
cells	B-COMP
during	O
positive	O
strand	O
RNA	B-DISO
virus	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
.	O

Here	O
we	O
report	O
the	O
application	O
of	O
AUC	O
to	O
protein	B-CHED
size	O
-	O
and	O
-	O
shape	O
distribution	O
analysis	O
and	O
structure	O
-	O
and	O
-	O
function	O
analysis	O
in	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
ligands	O
or	O
lipids	B-CHED
.	O

Using	O
band	B-ANAT
-	O
sedimentation	O
velocity	O
,	O
quaternary	O
structural	O
changes	O
and	O
an	O
enzyme	O
'	O
s	O
catalytic	B-FUNC
activity	I-FUNC
can	O
be	O
observed	O
simultaneously	O
.	O

This	O
provides	O
direct	O
insights	O
into	O
the	O
correlation	O
between	O
quaternary	O
structure	O
and	O
catalytic	B-FUNC
activity	I-FUNC
of	O
the	O
enzyme	O
.	O

The	O
sedimentation	O
velocity	O
data	O
for	O
the	O
protein	B-CHED
with	O
or	O
without	O
lipid	B-CHED
were	O
evaluated	O
using	O
the	O
c	O
(	O
s	O
,	O
f	O
(	O
r	O
))	O
two	O
-	O
dimensional	O
distribution	O
model	O
,	O
which	O
provides	O
a	O
precise	O
and	O
quantitative	O
means	O
of	O
analyzing	O
the	O
protein	B-CHED
'	O
s	O
conformational	O
changes	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Predictors	O
of	O
pandemic	O
(	O
H1N1	O
)	O
2009	O
virus	B-SPEC
positivity	O
and	O
adverse	O
outcomes	O
among	O
hospitalized	O
patients	O
with	O
a	O
compatible	O
syndrome	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
A	O
pandemic	O
(	O
H1N1	O
)	O
influenza	B-SPEC
A	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
was	O
identified	O
in	O
2009	O
.	O

A	O
significant	O
number	O
of	O
relatively	O
young	O
and	O
previously	O
healthy	O
positive	O
patients	O
might	O
develop	O
severe	O
disease	O
associated	O
with	O
a	O
robust	O
inflammatory	B-DISO
reaction	I-DISO
and	O
significant	O
lymphopenia	B-DISO
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Of	O
the	O
179	O
examined	O
hospitalized	O
patients	O
suspected	O
of	O
having	O
pandemic	O
(	O
H1N1	O
)	O
2009	O
infection	B-DISO
65	O
(	O
36	O
%)	O
were	O
found	O
positive	O
.	O

USA	O
,	O
nationwide	O
hospital	O
discharge	B-ANAT
data	O
.	O

adjusted	O
odds	O
ratios	O
describing	O
the	O
associations	O
between	O
chronic	O
maternal	O
heart	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
and	O
severe	O
obstetric	O
complications	O
were	O
obtained	O
from	O
multivariable	O
logistic	O
models	O
.	O

The	O
contribution	O
of	O
chronic	B-DISO
heart	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
to	O
severe	O
morbidity	O
was	O
estimated	O
using	O
adjusted	O
population	O
-	O
attributable	O
fractions	O
.	O

In	O
2004	O
-	O
2006	O
,	O
64	O
.	O
5	O
%	O
of	O
the	O
cases	O
of	O
acute	B-DISO
myocardial	I-DISO
infarction	I-DISO
,	O
57	O
.	O
5	O
%	O
of	O
the	O
instances	O
of	O
cardiac	B-DISO
arrest	I-DISO
/	O
ventricular	B-DISO
fibrillation	I-DISO
,	O
27	O
.	O
8	O
%	O
of	O
in	O
-	O
hospital	O
mortality	O
and	O
26	O
.	O
0	O
%	O
of	O
the	O
cases	O
of	O
adult	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
were	O
associated	O
with	O
hospitalisations	O
with	O
chronic	B-DISO
heart	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
.	O

in	O
the	O
USA	O
chronic	B-DISO
heart	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
among	O
women	O
hospitalised	O
during	O
pregnancy	O
may	O
have	O
increased	O
in	O
severity	O
from	O
1995	O
to	O
2006	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
in	O
2004	O
-	O
2006	O
,	O
about	O
1	O
.	O
4	O
%	O
of	O
delivery	O
hospitalisations	O
were	O
complicated	O
with	O
chronic	B-DISO
heart	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
.	O

In	O
2004	O
-	O
2006	O
,	O
64	O
.	O
5	O
%	O
of	O
the	O
cases	O
of	O
acute	B-DISO
myocardial	I-DISO
infarction	I-DISO
,	O
57	O
.	O
5	O
%	O
of	O
the	O
instances	O
of	O
cardiac	B-DISO
arrest	I-DISO
/	O
ventricular	B-DISO
fibrillation	I-DISO
,	O
27	O
.	O
8	O
%	O
of	O
in	O
-	O
hospital	O
mortality	O
and	O
26	O
.	O
0	O
%	O
of	O
the	O
cases	O
of	O
adult	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
were	O
associated	O
with	O
hospitalisations	O
with	O
chronic	B-DISO
heart	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Feline	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
peritonitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
FIPV	O
)	O
may	O
cause	O
a	O
lethal	O
infection	B-DISO
in	O
cats	B-SPEC
.	O

Antibody	B-COMP
-	O
dependent	O
enhancement	O
(	O
ADE	B-CHED
)	O
of	O
FIPV	O
infection	B-DISO
has	O
been	O
recognized	O
,	O
and	O
cellular	B-PROC
immunity	I-PROC
is	O
considered	O
to	O
play	O
an	O
important	O
role	O
in	O
preventing	O
the	O
onset	O
of	O
feline	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
peritonitis	I-DISO
.	O

In	O
the	O
present	O
study	O
,	O
whether	O
or	O
not	O
the	O
T	O
helper	O
(	O
Th	O
)	O
1	O
epitope	B-CHED
was	O
present	O
in	O
the	O
spike	O
(	O
S	O
)	O
2	O
domain	O
was	O
investigated	O
,	O
the	O
ADE	B-CHED
epitope	B-CHED
being	O
thought	O
to	O
be	O
absent	O
from	O
this	O
domain	O
.	O

It	O
was	O
shown	O
that	O
FP	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
HR2	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
induced	O
marked	O
Th1	O
-	O
and	O
Th2	O
-	O
type	O
immune	B-PROC
responses	I-PROC
.	O

Five	O
and	O
16	O
peptides	B-CHED
which	O
included	O
the	O
Th1	O
and	O
Th2	O
epitopes	O
,	O
respectively	O
,	O
were	O
identified	O
.	O

These	O
findings	O
suggest	O
that	O
the	O
identification	O
of	O
Th1	B-PRGE
epitopes	I-PRGE
in	O
the	O
S2	O
domain	O
of	O
FIPV	O
has	O
important	O
implications	O
in	O
the	O
cat	B-SPEC
.	O

Severe	O
,	O
asymmetrical	O
ventricular	B-ANAT
dilation	B-DISO
associated	O
with	O
hydrocephalus	B-DISO
,	O
cerebellar	B-ANAT
and	O
brainstem	B-ANAT
hypoplasia	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
punctuate	O
calcifications	B-PROC
of	O
the	O
thalamus	B-ANAT
,	O
third	O
and	O
fourth	B-ANAT
ventricles	I-ANAT
,	O
around	O
the	O
aqueduct	B-ANAT
,	O
were	O
observed	O
on	O
computed	O
tomography	O
(	O
CT	O
).	O

The	O
expressions	O
of	O
NF	O
-	O
κB	O
and	O
AQP4	B-PRGE
in	O
the	O
liver	B-ANAT
and	O
stomach	B-ANAT
were	O
determined	O
using	O
immunohistochemistry	O
.	O

The	O
expression	B-PROC
of	O
NF	O
-	O
κB	O
and	O
CD4	B-PRGE
(+)/	O
CD8	B-PRGE
(+)	O
ratio	O
in	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
and	O
model	O
groups	O
were	O
significantly	O
higher	O
than	O
those	O
in	O
the	O
damp	B-CHED
-	O
heat	O
and	O
control	O
groups	O
,	O
while	O
the	O
expression	B-PROC
of	O
AQP4	B-PRGE
was	O
significantly	O
higher	O
in	O
the	O
model	O
and	O
damp	B-CHED
-	O
heat	O
groups	O
than	O
in	O
the	O
other	O
groups	O
.	O

Compared	O
with	O
the	O
control	O
group	O
,	O
the	O
model	O
group	O
showed	O
a	O
significantly	O
higher	O
ratio	O
of	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
γ	I-PRGE
/	I-PRGE
IL	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
4	I-PRGE
.	O

Therefore	O
,	O
the	O
aim	O
of	O
this	O
paper	O
was	O
to	O
give	O
a	O
critical	O
review	O
of	O
these	O
meta	B-SPEC
-	O
analyses	O
.	O

From	O
November	O
2009	O
to	O
March	O
2010	O
,	O
a	O
total	O
of	O
239	O
pig	B-SPEC
tissue	B-ANAT
samples	O
from	O
91	O
farms	O
were	O
tested	O
by	O
nested	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
.	O

The	O
detection	O
rate	O
of	O
suckling	O
pigs	B-SPEC
,	O
weaning	B-PROC
pigs	B-SPEC
,	O
growers	O
and	O
finishers	O
were	O
14	O
.	O
3	O
%	O
(	O
12	O
/	O
84	O
),	O
6	O
.	O
5	O
%	O
(	O
7	O
/	O
107	O
),	O
7	O
%	O
(	O
3	O
/	O
43	O
),	O
and	O
0	O
%	O
(	O
0	O
/	O
5	O
),	O
respectively	O
.	O

During	O
initial	O
examinations	O
of	O
patients	O
,	O
physicians	O
must	O
rule	O
out	O
other	O
neurologic	B-DISO
disorders	I-DISO
or	O
conditions	O
that	O
resemble	O
Fisher	B-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
,	O
such	O
as	O
vitamin	B-DISO
B1	I-DISO
deficiency	I-DISO
(	O
Wernicke	B-DISO
'	I-DISO
s	I-DISO
encephalopathy	I-DISO
),	O
vascular	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
,	O
multiple	B-DISO
sclerosis	I-DISO
,	O
collagen	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
,	O
Behçet	O
disease	O
,	O
sarcoidosis	B-DISO
,	O
neoplasm	B-DISO
of	I-DISO
the	I-DISO
brainstem	I-DISO
,	O
and	O
infectious	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
such	O
as	O
diphtheria	B-DISO
,	O
botulism	O
,	O
and	O
viral	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
(	O
eg	O
,	O
herpes	B-DISO
encephalitis	I-DISO
).	O

Sixty	O
-	O
seven	O
(	O
30	O
.	O
5	O
%)	O
of	O
the	O
patients	O
died	B-PROC
in	O
ICU	O
and	O
75	O
(	O
34	O
.	O
1	O
%)	O
whilst	O
in	O
hospital	O
.	O

One	O
hundred	O
twenty	O
-	O
six	O
(	O
57	O
.	O
3	O
%)	O
patients	O
received	O
corticosteroid	B-CHED
therapy	O
on	O
admission	O
to	O
ICU	O
.	O

Patients	O
who	O
received	O
corticosteroids	B-CHED
had	O
significantly	O
higher	O
ICU	O
mortality	O
than	O
patients	O
who	O
did	O
not	O
(	O
46	O
.	O
0	O
%	O
versus	O
18	O
.	O
1	O
%,	O
p	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
01	O
;	O
OR	O
3	O
.	O
8	O
,	O
CI	B-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
.	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
7	I-PRGE
.	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
).	O

When	O
only	O
patients	O
developing	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
were	O
analyzed	O
,	O
similar	O
results	O
were	O
observed	O
.	O

From	O
a	O
collection	O
of	O
250	O
samples	O
,	O
seven	O
CPV	B-SPEC
strains	O
and	O
three	O
CCoV	O
strains	O
were	O
identified	O
in	O
symptomatic	O
Irish	O
dogs	B-SPEC
.	O

Three	O
CPV	B-SPEC
strains	O
were	O
characterized	O
as	O
CPV	B-SPEC
-	O
2a	O
,	O
while	O
four	O
others	O
were	O
characterized	O
as	O
CPV	B-SPEC
-	O
2b	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Fat	B-PRGE
embolism	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
is	O
a	O
severe	O
complication	O
of	O
long	B-ANAT
bone	I-ANAT
fractures	O
,	O
corresponding	O
to	O
the	O
obstruction	B-DISO
of	O
small	B-ANAT
vessels	I-ANAT
by	O
microdroplets	O
of	O
fat	O
,	O
originating	O
from	O
medulla	B-ANAT
ossium	I-ANAT
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Risk	O
factors	O
for	O
chronic	B-DISO
post	I-DISO
-	I-DISO
traumatic	I-DISO
stress	I-DISO
disorder	I-DISO
(	O
PTSD	B-DISO
)	O
in	O
SARS	B-DISO
survivors	O
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
The	O
study	O
of	O
PTSD	B-DISO
at	O
30	O
months	O
post	O
-	O
SARS	B-DISO
showed	O
that	O
the	O
predictive	O
value	O
of	O
acute	O
medical	O
variables	O
may	O
fade	O
out	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Integrated	O
capillary	B-ANAT
electrophoresis	O
microsystem	O
for	O
multiplex	O
analysis	O
of	O
human	B-SPEC
respiratory	O
viruses	O
.	O

When	O
a	O
two	O
-	O
step	O
reverse	B-PROC
transcription	I-PROC
PCR	O
amplification	B-DISO
is	O
employed	O
,	O
the	O
device	O
can	O
detect	O
ribonucleic	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
(	O
RNA	O
)	O
analogues	O
of	O
all	O
four	O
viral	O
targets	O
with	O
detection	O
limits	O
in	O
the	O
range	O
of	O
25	O
-	O
100	O
copies	O
/	O
reactor	O
.	O

When	O
size	O
-	O
based	O
separation	B-DISO
is	O
combined	O
with	O
four	O
-	O
color	O
detection	O
,	O
this	O
platform	O
provides	O
excellent	O
product	O
discrimination	O
,	O
making	O
it	O
readily	O
extendable	O
to	O
higher	O
-	O
order	B-SPEC
multiplex	O
assays	O
.	O

Sepsis	B-DISO
was	O
the	O
main	O
cause	O
of	O
death	B-PROC
after	O
LT	O
.	O

In	O
contrast	O
,	O
the	O
activity	O
of	O
NEP	B-PRGE
in	O
the	O
BALF	O
of	O
LPS	B-DISO
-	O
treated	O
mice	B-SPEC
was	O
increased	O
.	O

In	O
this	O
experimental	O
and	O
clinical	O
study	O
of	O
ALI	O
/	O
ARDS	B-DISO
,	O
the	O
activity	O
of	O
NEP	O
was	O
significantly	O
decreased	O
in	O
plasma	B-ANAT
and	O
increased	O
in	O
the	O
alveolar	B-ANAT
air	I-ANAT
space	O
.	O

It	O
is	O
expected	O
that	O
the	O
proliferation	B-DISO
of	O
Internet	O
-	O
based	O
reports	O
has	O
resulted	O
in	O
greater	O
communication	O
and	O
improved	O
surveillance	O
and	O
reporting	O
frameworks	O
,	O
especially	O
with	O
the	O
revision	O
of	O
the	O
World	O
Health	O
Organization	O
'	O
s	O
(	O
WHO	O
)	O
International	O
Health	O
Regulations	O
(	O
IHR	O
2005	O
),	O
which	O
went	O
into	O
force	O
in	O
2007	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Simultaneous	O
detection	O
and	O
differentiation	B-PROC
of	O
respiratory	B-SPEC
syncytial	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
and	O
other	O
respiratory	O
viral	O
pathogens	O
.	O

In	O
this	O
chapter	O
,	O
we	O
describe	O
several	O
polymerase	O
chain	O
reaction	O
(	O
PCR	O
)	O
protocols	O
for	O
detecting	O
SARS	B-DISO
coronaviruses	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Bedside	O
lung	B-ANAT
mechanics	O
predict	O
survival	O
in	O
hypoplastic	O
lung	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
compare	O
two	O
inpatient	O
symptom	B-DISO
-	O
triggered	O
pharmacological	O
treatments	O
of	O
acute	O
alcohol	B-DISO
withdrawal	I-DISO
(	O
AWS	B-DISO
)	O
(	O
clomethiazole	O
vs	O
.	O
clonazepam	B-CHED
).	O

Because	O
of	O
a	O
need	O
for	O
extra	O
precautions	O
against	O
complications	O
such	O
as	O
seizures	B-DISO
and	O
severe	O
respiratory	O
complaints	O
,	O
patients	O
with	O
a	O
history	O
of	O
withdrawal	B-DISO
seizures	I-DISO
or	O
complications	O
with	O
clomethiazole	O
in	O
their	O
history	O
were	O
automatically	O
assigned	O
to	O
the	O
clonazepam	B-CHED
group	O
.	O

The	O
remaining	O
patients	O
were	O
alternately	O
assigned	O
either	O
to	O
the	O
clonazepam	B-CHED
group	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
38	O
altogether	O
)	O
or	O
the	O
clomethiazole	O
group	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
36	O
).	O

Rescue	O
medication	O
could	O
consist	O
of	O
adding	O
either	O
extra	O
clonazepam	B-CHED
or	O
clomethiazole	O
.	O

Effectiveness	O
was	O
measured	O
by	O
Clinical	O
Global	O
Impression	O
Scale	O
,	O
Revised	O
Clinical	O
Institute	O
Withdrawal	B-DISO
Assessment	O
for	O
Alcohol	O
Scale	O
,	O
Mainz	O
Alcohol	B-DISO
Withdrawal	I-DISO
Scale	O
,	O
Essen	O
Self	O
-	O
Assessment	O
-	O
Alcohol	B-DISO
Withdrawal	I-DISO
and	O
attrition	B-DISO
rate	O
.	O

Both	O
reduced	O
the	O
severity	O
of	O
initial	O
withdrawal	B-DISO
symptoms	I-DISO
below	O
20	O
%	O
up	O
to	O
the	O
ending	O
of	O
withdrawal	B-DISO
medications	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
High	O
-	O
frequency	O
oscillatory	O
ventilation	O
(	O
HFOV	O
)	O
is	O
a	O
mainstay	O
in	O
the	O
ventilatory	O
management	O
of	O
severe	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
in	O
our	O
burn	O
center	O
.	O

Sodium	B-CHED
bicarbonate	I-CHED
(	O
50	O
ml	O
8	O
.	O
4	O
%)	O
only	O
for	O
excessive	O
hyperkaliemia	O
,	O
metabolic	B-DISO
acidosis	I-DISO
,	O
or	O
intoxication	O
with	O
tricyclic	B-CHED
antidepressants	I-CHED
.	O

Most	O
effective	O
improvement	O
of	O
outcome	O
by	O
prevention	O
of	O
full	O
cardiorespiratory	B-DISO
arrest	I-DISO
.	O

Foreign	O
body	B-ANAT
airway	B-DISO
obstruction	I-DISO
with	O
insufficient	O
cough	B-DISO
:	O
alternate	O
back	B-ANAT
blows	O
and	O
chest	B-ANAT
compressions	O
(	O
infants	O
),	O
or	O
abdominal	B-ANAT
compressions	O
(	O
children	O
>	O
1	O
year	O
).	O

Defibrillation	O
(	O
4	O
J	O
/	O
kgBW	O
;	O
monophasic	O
or	O
biphasic	O
)	O
followed	O
by	O
2	O
min	O
CPR	B-ENZY
,	O
then	O
ECG	O
and	O
pulse	B-PROC
check	O
.	O

In	O
STEMI	B-DISO
define	O
reperfusion	O
strategy	O
depending	O
on	O
duration	O
of	O
symptoms	O
until	O
PCI	O
,	O
age	O
and	O
location	O
of	O
infarction	B-DISO
.	O

Any	O
CPR	B-ENZY
training	O
is	O
better	O
than	O
nothing	O
;	O
simplification	O
of	O
contents	O
and	O
processes	O
is	O
the	O
main	O
aim	O
.	O

Diagnosis	O
of	O
IMAM	O
was	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
infiltration	B-DISO
of	O
CD68	B-PRGE
+	I-PRGE
macrophages	B-ANAT
into	O
biopsied	O
specimens	O
,	O
particularly	O
the	O
fascia	B-ANAT
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Profile	O
of	O
patients	O
of	O
leptospirosis	B-DISO
in	O
sub	O
-	O
Himalayan	O
region	O
of	O
North	O
India	O
.	O

We	O
present	O
here	O
a	O
case	O
series	O
of	O
13	O
patients	O
who	O
were	O
positive	O
for	O
leptospirosis	B-DISO
either	O
by	O
IgM	B-PRGE
Elisa	O
or	O
PCR	O
method	O
.	O

All	O
had	O
contact	O
with	O
animals	B-SPEC
or	O
contaminated	O
environment	O
.	O

Leptospirosis	B-DISO
was	O
unexpectedly	O
found	O
to	O
be	O
positive	O
in	O
many	O
of	O
our	O
patients	O
who	O
were	O
having	O
pyrexia	B-PROC
during	O
the	O
monsoons	O
.	O

Our	O
results	O
showed	O
that	O
the	O
RT	O
-	O
LAMP	O
amplified	O
the	O
N	B-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
with	O
high	O
specificity	O
,	O
efficiency	O
,	O
and	O
rapidity	O
at	O
isothermal	O
condition	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
structural	O
modifications	O
induced	O
by	O
tryptophan	B-CHED
oxidation	B-PROC
were	O
severe	O
,	O
with	O
a	O
reduction	O
in	O
helical	O
extent	O
from	O
approximately	O
three	O
helical	O
turns	O
to	O
,	O
at	O
most	O
,	O
one	O
turn	O
,	O
and	O
were	O
observed	O
in	O
a	O
variety	O
of	O
solvent	B-CHED
environments	O
,	O
including	O
sodium	B-CHED
dodecyl	I-CHED
sulfate	I-CHED
(	O
SDS	B-DISO
)	O
micelles	O
,	O
dodecyl	B-CHED
phosphocholine	B-CHED
(	O
DPC	B-CHED
)	O
micelles	O
,	O
and	O
a	O
40	O
%	O
hexafluoro	B-CHED
-	I-CHED
2	I-CHED
-	I-CHED
propanol	I-CHED
(	O
HFIP	B-CHED
)	O
aqueous	O
solution	O
.	O

This	O
is	O
the	O
first	O
reported	O
case	O
of	O
the	O
simultaneous	O
triggering	O
of	O
both	O
takotsubo	B-DISO
cardiomyopathy	I-DISO
and	O
myasthenic	B-DISO
crisis	I-DISO
by	O
the	O
physiologic	O
consequences	O
of	O
a	O
state	O
of	O
severe	O
emotional	B-DISO
stress	I-DISO
.	O

The	O
autopsy	O
revealed	O
widespread	O
asphyxia	B-DISO
syndrome	B-DISO
and	O
erosive	B-DISO
gastritis	I-DISO
.	O

The	O
latency	O
and	O
the	O
brutality	O
of	O
clinical	O
picture	O
degradation	O
seem	O
to	O
be	O
in	O
consideration	O
of	O
systemic	O
poisoning	O
by	O
vanadium	O
leading	O
to	O
inhibition	B-PROC
of	O
the	O
cellular	B-COMP
respiratory	B-PROC
process	I-PROC
.	O

We	O
investigated	O
how	O
M	O
structure	O
and	O
organization	O
is	O
related	O
to	O
virus	B-SPEC
shape	O
and	O
size	O
using	O
cryo	O
-	O
electron	O
microscopy	O
,	O
tomography	O
and	O
statistical	O
analysis	O
.	O

Analysis	O
of	O
several	O
types	O
of	O
virus	B-ANAT
-	I-ANAT
like	I-ANAT
particles	I-ANAT
and	O
virions	B-COMP
revealed	O
that	O
S	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
,	O
N	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
and	O
genomic	O
RNA	O
each	O
help	O
to	O
regulate	O
virion	B-COMP
size	O
and	O
variation	O
,	O
presumably	O
through	O
interactions	O
with	O
M	O
.	O
These	O
findings	O
provide	O
insight	O
into	O
how	O
M	O
protein	O
functions	O
to	O
promote	O
virus	B-PROC
assembly	I-PROC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
is	O
a	O
common	O
and	O
severe	O
form	O
of	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
,	O
resulting	O
from	O
both	O
direct	O
(	O
eg	O
,	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
)	O
and	O
indirect	O
(	O
eg	O
,	O
sepsis	B-DISO
)	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
insults	O
.	O

It	O
is	O
a	O
common	O
cause	O
of	O
admission	O
to	O
the	O
intensive	O
care	O
unit	O
due	O
to	O
hypoxemic	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
requiring	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
,	O
and	O
is	O
associated	O
with	O
significant	O
morbidity	O
and	O
mortality	O
.	O

In	O
some	O
patients	O
,	O
ARDS	B-DISO
leads	O
to	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
life	O
-	O
threatening	O
refractory	O
hypoxemia	O
.	O

It	O
proved	O
that	O
this	O
method	O
is	O
sensitive	O
for	O
clinical	O
fecal	B-ANAT
samples	O
and	O
is	O
worth	O
applying	O
to	O
laboratory	O
diagnosis	O
for	O
BCoV	O
and	O
group	O
A	O
BRV	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Genetically	O
diverse	O
coronaviruses	O
in	O
captive	O
bird	B-SPEC
populations	O
in	O
a	O
Brazilian	O
zoological	O
park	B-DISO
.	O

This	O
study	O
demonstrates	O
the	O
inactivation	B-DISO
of	O
a	O
virus	B-SPEC
using	O
the	O
streamer	O
corona	B-CHED
discharge	B-ANAT
process	O
(	O
SCDP	O
)	O
with	O
MS2	O
phage	O
as	O
a	O
surrogate	O
.	O

In	O
order	B-SPEC
to	O
elucidate	O
the	O
mechanism	O
of	O
MS2	O
phage	O
inactivation	O
,	O
potentially	O
lethal	O
factors	O
that	O
can	O
be	O
generated	O
by	O
the	O
SCDP	O
were	O
selected	O
,	O
and	O
their	O
roles	O
in	O
the	O
inactivation	B-DISO
of	O
MS2	O
phage	O
were	O
examined	O
.	O

The	O
shockwave	O
generated	O
upon	O
plasma	B-ANAT
channel	O
formation	B-PROC
appears	O
to	O
be	O
the	O
most	O
important	O
factor	O
responsible	O
for	O
MS2	O
phage	O
inactivation	B-DISO
.	O

There	O
are	O
some	O
publications	O
concerning	O
the	O
course	O
of	O
the	O
pandemic	O
influenza	B-DISO
among	O
pediatric	O
population	O
but	O
mostly	O
from	O
hospital	O
or	O
from	O
emergency	B-DISO
units	O
.	O

In	O
patients	O
who	O
met	B-CHED
ILI	O
criteria	O
,	O
nasopharyngeal	B-ANAT
swabs	O
were	O
taken	O
for	O
RIDT	O
and	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
.	O

Two	O
children	O
received	O
treatment	O
with	O
oseltamivir	B-CHED
(	O
one	O
boy	O
with	O
congenital	B-DISO
heart	I-DISO
defect	I-DISO
and	O
Down	B-DISO
'	I-DISO
s	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
and	O
another	O
with	O
severe	O
bronchial	B-DISO
asthma	B-PATH
).	O

There	O
remains	O
,	O
therefore	O
,	O
a	O
need	O
for	O
evidence	O
-	O
based	O
treatment	O
to	O
inform	O
both	O
military	O
and	O
civilian	O
medical	O
response	O
teams	O
on	O
the	O
most	O
appropriate	O
treatment	O
for	O
chemically	B-DISO
induced	I-DISO
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
.	O

To	O
this	O
end	O
,	O
we	O
implement	O
a	O
memetic	O
algorithm	O
for	O
the	O
problem	O
and	O
demonstrate	O
the	O
effectiveness	O
of	O
the	O
arithmetic	O
-	O
harmonic	O
cut	O
on	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
datasets	O
including	O
a	O
cancer	B-DISO
type	O
dataset	O
and	O
a	O
corona	B-CHED
virus	B-SPEC
dataset	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Transgenic	O
plants	B-SPEC
have	O
been	O
used	O
as	O
a	O
safe	O
and	O
economic	O
expression	B-PROC
system	O
for	O
the	O
production	O
of	O
edible	O
vaccines	O
.	O

A	O
synthetic	O
cholera	B-PRGE
toxin	I-PRGE
B	I-PRGE
subunit	I-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
(	O
CTB	B-PRGE
)	O
was	O
fused	O
with	O
a	O
synthetic	O
neutralizing	O
epitope	B-CHED
gene	O
of	O
the	O
porcine	B-SPEC
epidemic	I-SPEC
diarrhea	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
sCTB	O
-	O
sCOE	O
),	O
and	O
the	O
sCTB	O
-	O
sCOE	O
fusion	O
gene	O
was	O
introduced	O
into	O
a	O
plant	B-SPEC
expression	B-PROC
vector	O
under	O
the	O
control	O
of	O
the	O
ubiquitin	B-PRGE
promoter	I-PRGE
.	O

The	O
biological	O
activity	O
of	O
CTB	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
COE	I-PRGE
fusion	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
to	O
its	O
receptor	O
,	O
G	O
(	O
M1	O
)-	O
ganglioside	B-CHED
,	O
in	O
transgenic	O
plants	B-SPEC
was	O
confirmed	O
via	O
G	O
(	O
M1	O
)-	O
ELISA	O
with	O
anti	O
-	O
cholera	B-DISO
toxin	O
and	O
anti	O
-	O
COE	O
antibody	B-COMP
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
and	O
multiple	B-DISO
organ	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
.	O

Several	O
techniques	O
are	O
available	O
to	O
improve	O
oxygenation	B-PROC
in	O
severely	O
hypoxemic	O
patients	O
.	O

Randomized	O
trials	O
failed	O
to	O
prove	O
survival	O
benefits	O
with	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
high	O
levels	O
of	O
positive	O
end	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
expiratory	I-PROC
pressure	O
(	O
PEEP	B-CHED
)	O
or	O
prone	O
positioning	O
.	O

Special	O
antibody	B-COMP
titer	O
to	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
of	O
14	O
patients	O
from	O
5	O
different	O
families	O
and	O
their	O
10	O
kinfolks	O
continuously	O
tested	O
by	O
IFA	O
and	O
antigen	B-CHED
-	O
capturing	O
ELISA	O
methods	O
.	O

Immunochemical	O
staining	O
with	O
monoclonal	O
antibody	B-COMP
(	O
mAb	O
)	O
against	O
N	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
of	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
was	O
used	O
to	O
determine	O
the	O
stomach	B-ANAT
and	O
enteric	O
tissues	O
among	O
5	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
with	O
their	O
nucleocapsid	B-COMP
antibody	B-COMP
titer	O
ascended	O
obviously	O
after	O
1	O
(	O
st	O
)-	O
7	O
(	O
th	O
)	O
year	O
.	O

Regarding	O
the	O
IgM	B-PRGE
titer	O
,	O
it	O
disappeared	O
in	O
most	O
of	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
1	O
year	O
later	O
.	O

3	O
cases	O
showed	O
N	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
antibody	B-COMP
positive	O
in	O
the	O
serum	B-COMP
,	O
and	O
positive	O
immunohistochemical	O
expression	B-PROC
in	O
most	O
of	O
the	O
cytoplasm	B-COMP
in	O
the	O
gastric	B-ANAT
tissue	I-ANAT
mucous	B-ANAT
gland	I-ANAT
epithelial	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
By	O
testing	O
the	O
special	O
IgG	B-PRGE
,	I-PRGE
IgM	I-PRGE
,	I-PRGE
nucleocapsid	I-PRGE
antibody	B-COMP
to	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
of	O
the	O
14	O
family	B-SPEC
clustering	O
cases	O
,	O
we	O
found	O
that	O
they	O
all	O
decreased	O
in	O
the	O
7	O
(	O
th	O
)	O
year	O
,	O
and	O
most	O
of	O
them	O
disappeared	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Three	O
cats	O
were	O
evaluated	O
at	O
a	O
veterinary	O
teaching	O
hospital	O
for	O
congestive	B-DISO
heart	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
(	O
CHF	B-DISO
)	O
secondary	O
to	O
hyperviscosity	B-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
from	O
plasma	B-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
neoplasia	B-DISO
.	O

Multiple	B-DISO
myeloma	I-DISO
or	O
plasma	B-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
neoplasia	B-DISO
was	O
diagnosed	O
based	O
on	O
cytopathology	O
and	O
post	O
mortem	O
examination	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
systemic	O
corticosteroid	B-CHED
was	O
not	O
associated	O
with	O
improving	O
28	O
-	O
day	O
and	O
3	O
-	O
month	O
survival	O
rates	O
.	O

To	O
our	O
knowledge	O
this	O
is	O
the	O
first	O
report	O
of	O
Type	B-DISO
1	I-DISO
diabetes	I-DISO
in	O
this	O
age	O
group	O
and	O
the	O
first	O
report	O
of	O
transient	O
neonatal	B-DISO
diabetes	I-DISO
mellitus	I-DISO
in	O
horses	B-SPEC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Guillain	O
-	O
Barré	O
syndrome	B-DISO
as	O
a	O
prominent	O
cause	O
of	O
childhood	O
acute	O
flaccid	B-DISO
paralysis	I-DISO
in	O
post	O
polio	B-DISO
eradication	O
era	B-CHED
in	O
Egypt	O
.	O

The	O
present	O
authors	O
have	O
previously	O
demonstrated	O
that	O
antigens	B-CHED
chemically	O
coupled	O
to	O
the	O
surface	O
of	O
liposomes	O
made	O
using	O
unsaturated	B-CHED
fatty	I-CHED
acids	I-CHED
are	O
cross	O
-	O
presented	O
by	O
APCs	B-DISO
via	O
MHC	B-PRGE
class	B-SPEC
I	I-PRGE
to	O
CD8	B-PRGE
(+)	O
T	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
and	O
induce	O
antigen	B-CHED
-	O
specific	O
CTLs	O
.	O

The	O
HCoV	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
HKU1	I-PRGE
pol	I-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
sequences	I-PRGE
shared	O
a	O
95	O
.	O
8	O
%	O
-	O
99	O
.	O
6	O
%	O
nucleotide	B-CHED
identity	O
with	O
the	O
human	B-PRGE
coronavirus	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
HKU1	I-PRGE
strain	O
,	O
whereas	O
the	O
amino	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
identity	O
was	O
90	O
.	O
7	O
%	O
-	O
99	O
.	O
3	O
%.	O

The	O
clinical	O
presentations	O
of	O
HCoV	O
-	O
HKU1	O
positive	O
children	O
included	O
fever	B-PROC
,	O
cough	B-DISO
,	O
sputum	B-PROC
production	I-PROC
,	O
diarrhea	B-DISO
,	O
vomiting	B-DISO
;	O
pharynx	B-ANAT
engorgement	B-DISO
,	O
crackles	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
wheezing	B-DISO
.	O

Human	B-PRGE
CoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
HKU1	I-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
exists	O
in	O
children	O
with	O
respiratory	B-DISO
tract	I-DISO
infections	I-DISO
in	O
Lanzhou	O
region	O
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
Human	B-PRGE
CoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
HKU1	I-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
exists	O
in	O
children	O
with	O
respiratory	B-DISO
tract	I-DISO
infections	I-DISO
in	O
Lanzhou	O
region	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Porcine	B-PRGE
aminopeptidase	B-ENZY
N	I-ENZY
(	O
pAPN	O
)	O
is	O
a	O
cellular	B-COMP
receptor	O
of	O
transmissible	O
gastroenteritis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
),	O
a	O
porcine	B-SPEC
coronavirus	B-SPEC
.	O

Small	O
molecules	O
,	O
especially	O
peptides	B-CHED
are	O
an	O
expanding	O
area	O
for	O
therapy	O
or	O
diagnostic	O
assays	O
for	O
viral	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
.	O

Three	O
chemically	O
synthesized	O
peptides	B-CHED
recognizing	O
the	O
pAPN	O
showed	O
effective	O
inhibition	B-PROC
ability	O
to	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
in	O
vitro	O
.	O

A	O
putative	O
TxxF	O
motif	O
was	O
identified	O
in	O
the	O
S	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
of	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Interferon	O
interplay	O
helps	O
tissue	B-ANAT
cells	B-COMP
to	O
cope	O
with	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
coronavirus	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
SARS	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
),	O
the	O
causative	O
agent	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
,	O
is	O
a	O
versatile	O
pathogen	O
armed	O
with	O
a	O
host	B-COMP
of	O
factors	O
countering	O
the	O
antiviral	B-CHED
type	O
I	O
interferon	B-PRGE
(	O
IFN	B-PRGE
)	O
system	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Identification	O
of	O
host	B-COMP
factors	O
involved	O
in	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
replication	O
by	O
quantitative	O
proteomics	O
analysis	O
.	O

Comparison	O
of	O
the	O
protein	B-CHED
profiles	O
of	O
Golgi	B-COMP
-	O
enriched	O
fractions	O
of	O
cells	B-COMP
that	O
were	O
either	O
mock	O
infected	O
or	O
infected	O
with	O
mouse	B-DISO
hepatitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
revealed	O
the	O
significant	O
depletion	O
or	O
enrichment	O
of	O
116	O
proteins	B-CHED
.	O

Although	O
ribosomal	B-PRGE
/	I-PRGE
nucleic	B-FUNC
acid	I-FUNC
binding	I-FUNC
proteins	B-CHED
were	O
enriched	O
in	O
the	O
Golgi	B-COMP
-	O
fractions	O
of	O
mouse	B-DISO
hepatitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
-	O
infected	O
cells	B-COMP
,	O
proteins	B-CHED
annotated	O
to	O
localize	O
to	O
several	O
organelles	B-COMP
of	O
the	O
secretory	B-PROC
pathway	I-PROC
were	O
overrepresented	O
among	O
the	O
proteins	B-CHED
that	O
were	O
depleted	O
from	O
these	O
fractions	O
upon	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

Overexpression	B-PROC
of	O
these	O
proteins	B-CHED
,	O
on	O
the	O
other	O
hand	O
,	O
had	O
a	O
negative	O
effect	O
on	O
virus	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
.	O

Overall	O
,	O
our	O
study	O
shows	O
that	O
the	O
SILAC	O
approach	O
is	O
a	O
suitable	O
tool	O
to	O
study	O
host	B-COMP
-	O
pathogen	O
interactions	O
and	O
to	O
identify	O
host	B-COMP
proteins	B-CHED
involved	O
in	O
virus	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
.	O

Intensive	O
passages	O
of	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
in	O
its	O
natural	O
host	B-COMP
may	O
enhance	O
the	O
appearance	O
of	O
mutations	O
and	O
therefore	O
may	O
contribute	O
to	O
any	O
attenuated	O
form	O
of	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
.	O

The	O
objective	O
of	O
this	O
study	O
was	O
to	O
characterize	O
the	O
porcine	B-DISO
transmissible	I-DISO
gastroenteritis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
TMK22	O
strain	O
after	O
passages	O
in	O
piglets	O
from	O
1992	O
until	O
2007	O
.	O

Although	O
these	O
deletions	O
were	O
positioned	O
at	O
the	O
beginning	O
of	O
the	O
antigenic	O
site	O
B	O
of	O
S	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
,	O
no	O
clinical	O
differences	O
were	O
observed	O
in	O
piglets	O
infected	O
experimentally	O
either	O
with	O
the	O
native	O
virus	B-SPEC
or	O
the	O
mutated	O
one	O
.	O

In	O
this	O
article	O
,	O
we	O
report	O
that	O
the	O
S	O
protein	B-CHED
deletion	O
did	O
not	O
affect	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
'	O
s	O
pathogenicity	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
North	O
American	O
porcine	B-DISO
reproductive	B-PROC
and	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
viruses	B-SPEC
inhibit	O
type	B-PRGE
I	I-PRGE
interferon	B-PROC
production	I-PROC
by	O
plasmacytoid	B-ANAT
dendritic	I-ANAT
cells	B-COMP
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Fulminant	B-DISO
hepatitis	I-DISO
can	O
cause	O
acute	B-DISO
liver	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
and	O
death	B-PROC
in	O
both	O
humans	B-SPEC
and	O
mice	B-SPEC
.	O

In	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
γR	I-PRGE
(-/-)	O
mice	B-SPEC
,	O
Th17	O
response	O
is	O
enhanced	O
and	O
the	O
elevated	O
IL	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
17	I-PROC
production	I-PROC
contributes	O
to	O
severe	O
liver	B-DISO
damage	I-DISO
as	O
well	O
as	O
detrimental	O
inflammation	B-DISO
because	O
neutralization	O
of	O
IL	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
17	I-PROC
effectively	O
suppresses	O
inflammation	B-DISO
and	O
protects	O
mice	B-SPEC
from	O
liver	B-ANAT
injury	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Mouse	B-DISO
hepatitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
MHV	B-SPEC
)	O
produces	O
a	O
series	O
of	O
subgenomic	O
RNAs	O
for	O
viral	O
protein	B-PROC
expression	B-PROC
.	O

Meanwhile	O
,	O
the	O
distribution	O
patterns	O
of	O
HK	O
and	O
EGFP	O
expressed	B-PROC
by	O
the	O
recombinant	O
viruses	B-SPEC
were	O
similar	O
to	O
those	O
in	O
cells	B-COMP
transfected	O
with	O
a	O
eukaryotic	O
expression	B-PROC
vector	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
A	O
type	O
-	O
specific	O
blocking	B-DISO
ELISA	O
for	O
the	O
detection	O
of	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
antibody	B-COMP
.	O

The	O
percentage	O
of	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
γ	I-PRGE
-,	O
TNF	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
α	I-PRGE
-	O
and	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
2	I-FUNC
-	O
producing	O
cells	B-COMP
were	O
higher	O
in	O
PEI	B-CHED
/	O
pci	B-PRGE
-	O
S	O
vaccinated	O
mice	B-SPEC
than	O
in	O
control	O
mice	B-SPEC
.	O

These	O
results	O
showed	O
that	O
intranasal	O
immunization	O
with	O
PEI	B-CHED
/	O
pci	O
-	O
S	O
nanoparticles	B-CHED
induce	O
antigen	B-CHED
specific	O
humoral	O
and	O
cellular	B-PROC
immune	I-PROC
responses	I-PROC
.	O

The	O
percentage	O
of	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
γ	I-PRGE
-,	O
TNF	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
α	I-PRGE
-	O
and	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
2	I-FUNC
-	O
producing	O
cells	B-COMP
were	O
higher	O
in	O
PEI	B-CHED
/	O
pci	B-PRGE
-	O
S	O
vaccinated	O
mice	B-SPEC
than	O
in	O
control	O
mice	B-SPEC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Transmission	O
of	O
communicable	O
respiratory	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
and	O
facemasks	O
.	O

Fluorescein	B-CHED
-	O
KCl	B-CHED
solution	O
was	O
sprayed	B-DISO
onto	O
the	O
faces	B-ANAT
of	O
participants	O
wearing	O
the	O
facemasks	O
and	O
performing	O
intermittent	O
exercises	O
on	O
a	O
treadmill	O
in	O
a	O
climatic	O
chamber	B-ANAT
.	O

Using	O
the	O
same	O
filters	O
as	O
normal	O
surgical	O
masks	O
,	O
facemasks	O
A	O
and	O
B	O
provided	O
more	O
effective	O
respiratory	O
protection	O
against	O
communicable	O
respiratory	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
such	O
as	O
influenza	B-DISO
and	O
SARS	B-DISO
by	O
the	O
location	O
of	O
the	O
breathing	B-PROC
pathway	B-PROC
to	O
the	O
back	B-ANAT
of	O
the	O
facemasks	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Experimental	O
results	O
showed	O
that	O
when	O
droplets	O
spread	O
onto	O
a	O
person	O
face	B-DISO
-	O
to	O
-	O
face	B-DISO
over	O
short	O
distances	O
,	O
92	O
.	O
3	O
%	O
to	O
99	O
.	O
5	O
%	O
of	O
droplets	O
were	O
blocked	O
by	O
the	O
front	O
surface	O
of	O
the	O
facemask	O
,	O
whereas	O
only	O
0	O
.	O
5	O
%	O
to	O
7	O
.	O
7	O
%	O
of	O
droplets	O
reached	O
the	O
back	B-ANAT
of	O
the	O
facemask	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Patients	O
with	O
severe	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
often	O
require	O
prolonged	O
sessions	O
of	O
prone	O
position	O
(	O
PP	O
)	O
because	O
of	O
refractory	O
hypoxemia	O
.	O

PP	O
is	O
not	O
associated	O
with	O
a	O
significant	O
change	O
in	O
the	O
oropharyngeal	B-ANAT
tract	O
cross	O
-	O
section	O
in	O
healthy	O
individuals	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Structures	O
of	O
the	O
N	O
-	O
and	O
C	O
-	O
terminal	O
domains	O
of	O
MHV	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
A59	I-PRGE
nucleocapsid	B-COMP
protein	B-CHED
corroborate	O
a	O
conserved	O
RNA	O
-	O
protein	O
binding	O
mechanism	O
in	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
.	O

Here	O
we	O
report	O
the	O
crystal	B-ANAT
structures	O
of	O
the	O
two	O
proteolytically	O
resistant	O
N	O
-	O
(	O
NTD	O
)	O
and	O
C	O
-	O
terminal	O
(	O
CTD	O
)	O
domains	O
of	O
the	O
N	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
from	O
murine	B-DISO
hepatitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
MHV	B-SPEC
).	O

After	O
complete	O
removal	O
of	O
the	O
extension	O
peptide	B-CHED
from	O
the	O
dimer	O
,	O
the	O
mature	O
M	O
(	O
pro	B-CHED
)	O
self	O
-	O
assembles	O
into	O
a	O
novel	O
super	O
-	O
active	O
octamer	O
(	O
AO	O
-	O
M	O
(	O
pro	B-CHED
)).	O

Thus	O
,	O
during	O
the	O
initial	O
period	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
CoV	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
,	O
this	O
novel	O
active	O
form	O
AOM	B-DISO
(	O
pro	B-CHED
)	O
should	O
play	O
a	O
major	O
role	O
in	O
cleaving	O
polyproteins	O
as	O
the	O
protein	B-CHED
level	O
is	O
extremely	O
low	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
New	O
nsp8	B-PRGE
isoform	I-PRGE
suggests	O
mechanism	O
for	O
tuning	O
viral	O
RNA	B-PROC
synthesis	I-PROC
.	O

This	O
specific	O
proteolysis	B-PROC
may	O
indicate	O
one	O
possible	O
mechanism	O
by	O
which	O
coronaviruses	O
to	O
switch	O
from	O
viral	O
infection	O
to	O
genome	O
replication	O
and	O
viral	B-PROC
assembly	I-PROC
stages	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
the	O
auto	O
-	O
processing	O
mechanism	O
of	O
M	O
(	O
pro	B-CHED
),	O
i	O
.	O
e	O
.	O
its	O
own	O
release	B-PATH
from	O
the	O
polyproteins	O
through	O
autocleavage	O
,	O
remains	O
unclear	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Porcine	B-SPEC
epidemic	I-SPEC
diarrhea	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
)	O
has	O
caused	O
enteric	O
disease	O
with	O
devastating	O
impact	O
since	O
the	O
first	O
identification	O
of	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
in	O
1992	O
in	O
Korea	O
.	O

HMGB1	B-PRGE
was	O
a	O
sole	B-ANAT
independent	O
correlate	O
of	O
sRAGE	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Compared	O
with	O
age	O
-	O
and	O
sex	O
-	O
matched	O
control	O
subjects	O
,	O
blood	B-PROC
pressure	I-PROC
levels	O
were	O
lower	O
and	O
KL	O
-	O
6	O
,	O
high	O
mobility	O
group	O
box	O
1	O
(	O
HMGB1	B-PRGE
),	O
interleukin	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
6	I-PRGE
and	O
sRAGE	O
levels	O
were	O
higher	O
in	O
ARDS	B-DISO
patients	O
.	O

Sequence	O
analysis	O
and	O
BLAST	B-ANAT
homology	O
search	O
in	O
GenBank	O
data	O
base	O
indicate	O
that	O
two	O
of	O
the	O
farms	O
were	O
infected	O
with	O
the	O
4	O
/	O
91	O
strain	O
,	O
one	O
with	O
an	O
unidentified	O
IBV	B-SPEC
and	O
five	O
were	O
infected	O
with	O
Sul	O
/	O
01	O
/	O
09	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
antibody	B-COMP
-	O
dependent	O
enhancement	O
(	O
ADE	B-CHED
)	O
of	O
feline	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
peritonitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
FIPV	O
)	O
infection	B-DISO
has	O
been	O
recognized	O
in	O
experimentally	O
infected	O
cats	B-SPEC
,	O
and	O
cellular	B-PROC
immunity	I-PROC
is	O
considered	O
to	O
play	O
an	O
important	O
role	O
in	O
preventing	O
the	O
onset	O
of	O
feline	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
peritonitis	I-DISO
(	O
FIP	B-DISO
).	O

In	O
the	O
present	O
study	O
,	O
we	O
synthesized	O
eighty	O
-	O
one	O
kinds	O
of	O
peptides	B-CHED
derived	O
from	O
the	O
spike	O
(	O
S	O
)	O
2	O
domain	O
of	O
type	B-PRGE
I	I-PRGE
FIPV	I-PRGE
KU	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
strain	O
,	O
the	O
S2	O
domain	O
of	O
type	O
II	O
FIPV	O
79	O
-	O
1146	O
strain	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
nucleocapcid	O
(	O
N	O
)	O
protein	B-CHED
of	O
FIPV	O
KU	O
-	O
2	O
strain	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Evaluation	O
of	O
recombinant	O
fowlpox	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
expressing	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-PRGE
virus	B-SPEC
S1	I-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
and	O
chicken	B-SPEC
interferon	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
γ	I-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
for	O
immune	O
protection	O
against	O
heterologous	O
strains	O
.	O

To	O
evaluate	O
the	O
efficacy	O
of	O
the	O
recombinant	O
fowlpox	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
vaccine	O
against	O
heterotypic	O
IBV	B-SPEC
strains	O
,	O
60	O
4	O
-	O
week	O
-	O
old	O
Specific	O
-	O
Pathogen	O
-	O
Free	O
(	O
SPF	O
)	O
chickens	B-SPEC
were	O
inoculated	O
with	O
this	O
vaccine	O
and	O
3	O
weeks	O
post	O
inoculation	O
challenged	O
with	O
the	O
homotypic	O
IBV	B-SPEC
strain	O
LX4	O
and	O
the	O
heterotypic	O
IBV	B-SPEC
strains	O
LHB	O
,	O
LHLJ04XI	O
,	O
LTJ95I	O
and	O
LSC99I	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
5	O
'	O
cap	B-DISO
structures	O
of	O
higher	O
eukaryote	B-SPEC
mRNAs	O
have	O
ribose	B-CHED
2	O
'-	O
O	O
-	O
methylation	B-PROC
.	O

Likewise	O
,	O
many	O
viruses	B-SPEC
that	O
replicate	O
in	O
the	O
cytoplasm	B-COMP
of	O
eukaryotes	B-SPEC
have	O
evolved	O
2	O
'-	O
O	O
-	O
methyltransferases	O
to	O
autonomously	O
modify	O
their	O
mRNAs	O
.	O

Here	O
we	O
show	O
that	O
2	O
'-	O
O	O
-	O
methylation	B-PROC
of	O
viral	O
mRNA	B-CHED
was	O
critically	O
involved	O
in	O
subverting	O
the	O
induction	O
of	O
type	B-PRGE
I	I-PRGE
interferon	I-PRGE
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Soluble	O
form	O
of	O
the	O
receptor	O
for	O
advanced	O
glycation	O
end	O
products	O
is	O
a	O
marker	O
of	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
but	O
not	O
of	O
severe	O
sepsis	O
in	O
critically	B-DISO
ill	I-DISO
patients	O
.	O

Levels	O
of	O
sRAGE	O
were	O
correlated	O
with	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
/	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
severity	O
and	O
decreased	O
over	O
time	O
but	O
were	O
not	O
associated	O
with	O
outcome	O
.	O

sRAGE	O
levels	O
were	O
elevated	O
during	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
/	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
,	O
regardless	O
of	O
the	O
presence	O
or	O
absence	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
sepsis	I-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Emerging	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
have	O
caused	O
a	O
global	O
effort	B-PROC
for	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
fast	B-FUNC
and	O
accurate	O
detection	O
techniques	O
.	O

Four	O
monoclonal	O
antibodies	B-COMP
(	O
mAbs	O
)	O
against	O
the	O
N	O
-	O
terminal	O
half	O
of	O
spike	O
protein	B-CHED
(	O
S1	O
protein	B-CHED
)	O
of	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
were	O
identified	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Human	B-SPEC
bocavirus	I-SPEC
is	O
a	O
recently	O
described	O
respiratory	O
pathogen	O
.	O

A	O
case	O
of	O
a	O
life	O
-	O
threatening	O
human	O
bocavirus	O
infection	B-DISO
of	O
a	O
previously	O
healthy	O
pediatric	O
patient	O
is	O
described	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Antigenic	O
modules	O
in	O
the	O
N	O
-	O
terminal	O
S1	O
region	O
of	O
the	O
transmissible	O
gastroenteritis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
spike	O
protein	O
.	O

The	O
most	O
N	O
-	O
terminal	O
portion	O
of	O
the	O
S1	O
region	O
,	O
which	O
comprises	O
antigenic	O
sites	O
C	O
and	O
B	O
,	O
is	O
needed	O
for	O
the	O
enteric	O
tropism	B-PROC
of	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
,	O
whereas	O
the	O
major	O
antigenic	O
site	O
A	O
at	O
the	O
C	O
-	O
terminal	O
moiety	O
is	O
required	O
for	O
both	O
respiratory	O
and	O
enteric	O
cell	B-COMP
tropism	B-PROC
,	O
and	O
is	O
engaged	O
in	O
recognition	O
of	O
the	O
aminopeptidase	B-PRGE
N	I-PRGE
(	O
APN	O
)	O
receptor	O
.	O

The	O
organization	O
of	O
the	O
four	O
modules	O
in	O
the	O
S1	O
region	O
of	O
the	O
TGEV	B-PRGE
S	I-PRGE
glycoprotein	B-CHED
is	O
discussed	O
.	O

Herein	O
are	O
presented	O
three	O
cases	O
of	O
severe	O
European	O
Puumala	B-SPEC
hantavirus	I-SPEC
infection	O
that	O
meet	O
the	O
HPS	B-DISO
case	O
definition	O
.	O

The	O
clinical	O
and	O
pathological	O
findings	O
were	O
similar	O
to	O
those	O
found	O
in	O
American	O
hantavirus	B-SPEC
patients	O
.	O

Consequently	O
,	O
hantavirus	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
should	O
be	O
considered	O
as	O
a	O
cause	O
of	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
in	O
all	O
endemic	O
areas	O
worldwide	O
.	O

Autopsy	O
revealed	O
a	O
predominantly	O
lymphocytic	B-DISO
myocarditis	I-DISO
in	O
the	O
absence	O
of	O
a	O
significant	O
respiratory	B-DISO
tract	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Cough	B-DISO
hypersensitivity	B-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
:	O
a	O
distinct	O
clinical	O
entity	O
.	O

Two	O
patients	O
most	O
likely	O
had	O
pre	O
-	O
existent	O
cardiac	B-ANAT
pathologies	O
,	O
and	O
three	O
required	O
catecholamine	B-CHED
therapy	O
to	O
maintain	O
hemodynamic	B-PROC
function	O
.	O

In	O
38	O
healthy	O
individuals	O
,	O
nasal	B-ANAT
inoculation	O
with	O
human	B-SPEC
rhinovirus	I-SPEC
-	I-PRGE
16	I-PRGE
(	O
HRV	O
-	O
16	O
)	O
was	O
performed	O
.	O

The	O
supernatants	O
efficiently	O
killed	O
human	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
,	O
respiratory	B-SPEC
syncytial	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
,	O
and	O
influenza	B-SPEC
B	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
2009	O
pandemic	O
influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
(	O
H1N1	O
)	O
and	O
vaccine	O
failure	O
in	O
pregnancy	O
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
With	O
the	O
expectation	O
that	O
2009	O
H1N1	O
will	O
continue	O
to	O
cause	O
disease	O
in	O
the	O
immediate	O
future	O
,	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
has	O
been	O
included	O
as	O
a	O
component	O
of	O
the	O
2010	O
-	O
2011	O
seasonal	O
influenza	B-DISO
vaccine	O
.	O

Trypsin	B-PRGE
treatment	O
of	O
receptor	O
-	O
associated	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
pseudovirions	O
,	O
which	O
bypasses	O
their	O
dependence	B-DISO
on	I-DISO
lysosomal	B-PRGE
cathepsin	B-ENZY
L	I-ENZY
,	O
also	O
bypassed	O
IFITM	O
-	O
mediated	O
restriction	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
the	O
isolates	O
formed	O
a	O
new	O
gene	O
cluster	O
that	O
was	O
distinguished	O
from	O
the	O
two	O
distinct	O
K	O
-	O
II	O
subgroups	O
(	O
KM91	O
-	O
like	O
and	O
QX	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
like	I-PRGE
).	O

For	O
MHV	B-SPEC
,	O
log	O
(	O
10	O
)	O
reduction	O
factors	O
were	O
3	O
.	O
9	O
for	O
70	O
%	O
ethanol	B-CHED
,	O
1	O
.	O
3	O
for	O
phenolic	O
,	O
1	O
.	O
7	O
for	O
OPA	B-CHED
,	O
0	O
.	O
62	O
for	O
1	O
:	O
100	O
hypochlorite	B-CHED
,	O
2	O
.	O
7	O
for	O
62	O
%	O
ethanol	B-CHED
,	O
and	O
2	O
.	O
0	O
for	O
71	O
%	O
ethanol	B-CHED
.	O

The	O
herd	O
status	O
regarding	O
the	O
calves	O
'	O
passive	O
transfer	O
(	O
total	O
protein	B-CHED
),	O
levels	O
of	O
α	O
-	O
tocopherol	B-CHED
,	O
β	O
-	O
carotene	B-CHED
and	O
retinol	B-CHED
,	O
and	O
excretion	B-PROC
of	O
faecal	B-ANAT
pathogens	O
(	O
Cryptosporidium	B-SPEC
spp	B-ENZY
.,	O
Escherichia	B-SPEC
coli	I-SPEC
F5	O
,	O
rota	O
and	O
corona	B-CHED
virus	B-SPEC
)	O
was	O
evaluated	O
based	O
on	O
targeted	B-PROC
sampling	O
of	O
high	O
risk	O
calf	B-ANAT
groups	O
;	O
in	O
each	O
herd	O
,	O
blood	B-ANAT
and	O
faecal	B-ANAT
samples	O
were	O
collected	O
from	O
calves	O
1	O
-	O
7	O
and	O
1	O
-	O
14	O
days	O
old	O
,	O
respectively	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Critically	B-DISO
ill	I-DISO
children	O
with	O
pandemic	O
influenza	B-DISO
(	O
H1N1	O
)	O
in	O
pediatric	O
intensive	O
care	O
units	O
in	O
Turkey	B-SPEC
.	O

Severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
rapidly	O
decimated	O
the	O
region	O
'	O
s	O
tourist	O
industry	O
.	O

The	O
Virochip	O
successfully	O
detected	O
porcine	B-SPEC
reproductive	I-SPEC
and	I-SPEC
respiratory	I-SPEC
syndrome	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
PRRSV	B-SPEC
)	O
in	O
serum	B-COMP
containing	O
6	O
.	O
10	O
×	O
10	O
(	O
2	O
)	O
viral	O
copies	O
per	O
microliter	O
and	O
influenza	B-SPEC
A	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
in	O
lung	B-ANAT
lavage	I-ANAT
fluid	I-ANAT
containing	O
2	O
.	O
08	O
×	O
10	O
(	O
6	O
)	O
viral	O
copies	O
per	O
microliter	O
.	O

Collectively	O
,	O
the	O
data	O
in	O
this	O
report	O
demonstrate	O
that	O
the	O
Virochip	O
can	O
successfully	O
detect	O
pathogenic	O
viruses	B-SPEC
frequently	O
found	O
in	O
swine	B-SPEC
in	O
a	O
variety	O
of	O
solid	O
and	O
liquid	O
specimens	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
turbinate	B-ANAT
tissue	B-ANAT
homogenate	O
and	O
lung	B-ANAT
lavage	I-ANAT
fluid	I-ANAT
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
antemortem	O
samples	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
serum	B-COMP
.	O

IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
α	I-PRGE
treatment	O
significantly	O
induced	O
mRNA	B-PROC
expression	B-PROC
of	O
UBC	B-PRGE
E2	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
25k	I-PRGE
,	O
but	O
not	O
ERK1	B-FUNC
,	O
causing	O
time	O
-	O
dependent	O
decrease	O
of	O
ERK1	B-FUNC
,	O
but	O
not	O
ERK2	B-FUNC
,	O
in	O
PLpro	O
-	O
expressing	O
cells	B-COMP
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Lung	B-ANAT
-	O
protective	O
ventilation	O
with	O
a	O
low	O
tidal	O
volume	O
,	O
plateau	O
pressure	O
<	O
30	O
cm	O
H	O
(	O
2	O
)	O
O	O
.	O
oxygen	B-CHED
saturation	O
>	O
90	O
%	O
and	O
permissive	O
hypercapnia	B-DISO
results	O
in	O
reduction	O
of	O
the	O
mortality	O
rate	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
(	O
ALI	O
)	O
and	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
).	O

The	O
sedation	B-DISO
should	O
be	O
interrupted	O
daily	O
,	O
with	O
phases	O
of	O
awakenings	O
and	O
,	O
if	O
possible	O
,	O
spontaneous	O
breathing	B-PROC
.	O

In	O
silico	O
bioinformatic	O
experiments	O
were	O
used	O
to	O
select	O
an	O
optimum	O
annotation	O
strategy	O
for	O
discovering	O
human	B-SPEC
viruses	B-SPEC
in	O
virome	O
data	O
sets	O
and	O
applied	O
to	O
annotate	O
a	O
class	B-SPEC
B	O
biosolid	O
virome	O
.	O

Five	O
10	O
-	O
week	O
-	O
old	O
beagle	O
pups	O
were	O
administered	O
(	O
three	O
weeks	O
apart	O
)	O
two	O
vaccine	O
doses	O
,	O
whereas	O
two	O
animals	B-SPEC
served	O
as	O
unvaccinated	O
controls	O
.	O

Serum	B-COMP
antibodies	B-COMP
against	O
CCoV	O
were	O
detected	O
in	O
vaccinates	O
starting	O
from	O
study	O
day	O
14	O
(	O
by	O
enzyme	O
-	O
linked	O
immunosorbent	O
assay	O
)	O
or	O
28	O
(	O
by	O
virus	O
neutralisation	O
test	O
).	O

The	O
developed	O
vaccine	O
may	O
help	O
control	O
the	O
CCoV	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
IIb	I-PRGE
-	O
induced	O
disease	O
(	O
and	O
active	O
virus	B-SPEC
circulation	B-PROC
)	O
in	O
environments	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
kennels	O
and	O
shelters	O
,	O
where	O
the	O
pathogenic	O
potential	O
of	O
this	O
virus	B-SPEC
is	O
greater	O
as	O
a	O
consequence	O
of	O
predisposing	O
factors	O
and	O
concurrent	O
infections	B-DISO
.	O

However	O
,	O
the	O
isolate	O
had	O
a	O
185	O
-	O
nucleotide	O
deletion	O
from	O
four	O
bases	B-CHED
after	O
the	O
3	O
'-	O
terminal	O
end	O
of	O
the	O
spike	O
gene	O
,	O
resulting	O
in	O
the	O
absence	O
of	O
the	O
open	O
reading	O
frame	O
predicted	O
to	O
encode	O
a	O
4	O
.	O
7	O
-	O
kDa	O
nonstructural	O
protein	B-CHED
in	O
strain	O
NC99	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
We	O
report	O
the	O
case	O
of	O
a	O
young	O
patient	O
with	O
36	O
weeks	O
pregnancy	O
,	O
and	O
an	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
infection	O
with	O
severe	O
bronchospasm	B-DISO
,	O
who	O
developed	O
an	O
occipital	B-DISO
headache	I-DISO
and	O
neck	B-DISO
pain	I-DISO
on	O
the	O
third	O
day	O
of	O
inadvertent	O
dural	O
puncture	O
during	O
placement	O
of	O
combined	O
epidural	B-ANAT
spinal	O
anaesthesia	B-DISO
for	O
caesarian	O
section	O
.	O

Very	O
premature	O
infants	O
have	O
more	O
severe	O
diseases	O
and	O
also	O
'	O
late	O
preterm	O
infants	O
'	O
may	O
be	O
more	O
susceptible	O
to	O
the	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
risk	O
of	O
hospitalization	O
was	O
significantly	O
60	O
%	O
reduced	O
in	O
breastfed	O
babies	O
and	O
four	O
folds	O
significantly	O
increased	O
during	O
the	O
RSV	B-SPEC
season	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Development	B-PROC
of	O
serological	O
detection	O
assays	O
for	O
human	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
HKU1	I-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
and	O
its	O
application	O
].	O

The	O
N	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
of	O
HCoV	O
-	O
HKU1	O
was	O
expressed	B-PROC
in	O
E	O
.	O
Coli	B-PRGE
,	O
anti	O
-	O
N	O
antibody	B-COMP
assay	O
was	O
established	O
using	O
Western	O
Blotting	O
with	O
turn	O
-	O
based	O
membrane	B-COMP
.	O

We	O
analyzed	O
anti	O
-	O
S	O
and	O
anti	O
-	O
N	O
antibody	B-COMP
among	O
100	O
normal	O
adult	O
serum	B-COMP
.	O

Either	O
detection	O
of	O
HCoV	O
-	O
HKU1	O
S	O
or	O
N	O
antibodies	B-COMP
achieved	O
good	O
results	O
.	O

The	O
objective	O
of	O
the	O
present	O
study	O
was	O
to	O
evaluate	O
the	O
role	O
of	O
oxidative	B-DISO
stress	I-DISO
,	O
alveolar	B-ANAT
antioxidant	B-CHED
status	O
and	O
multiple	O
organ	B-ANAT
injury	O
in	O
ARDS	B-DISO
induced	O
by	O
lipopolysaccharide	B-CHED
(	O
LPS	B-DISO
)	O
in	O
rats	B-SPEC
.	O

A	O
prospective	O
cohort	O
genetic	O
association	O
study	O
of	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
in	O
children	O
with	O
community	O
-	O
acquired	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
optimization	O
,	O
sensitivity	O
,	O
and	O
specificity	O
of	O
the	O
RT	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
LAMP	I-PRGE
were	O
investigated	O
.	O

Our	O
findings	O
also	O
have	O
implications	O
for	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
early	O
diagnosis	O
and	O
prevention	O
.	O

Research	O
in	O
wounded	O
military	O
showed	O
that	O
a	O
high	O
ratio	O
of	O
fresh	B-ANAT
frozen	I-ANAT
plasma	I-ANAT
to	O
packed	O
red	B-ANAT
blood	I-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
(	O
FFP	O
:	O
PRBC	O
)	O
seemed	O
to	O
have	O
a	O
positive	O
effect	O
on	O
survival	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
past	O
decade	O
saw	O
emerging	O
infections	B-DISO
such	O
as	O
SARS	O
,	O
avian	B-SPEC
and	O
pandemic	O
influenza	B-DISO
,	O
food	O
-	O
borne	O
infections	B-DISO
and	O
the	O
bioterror	O
threat	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Cross	O
-	O
crystal	B-ANAT
averaging	O
with	O
search	O
models	O
to	O
improve	O
molecular	O
replacement	O
phases	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Computed	O
tomography	O
findings	O
from	O
patients	O
with	O
ARDS	B-DISO
due	O
to	O
Influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
(	O
H1N1	O
)	O
virus	B-SPEC
-	O
associated	O
pneumonia	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
All	O
patients	O
presented	O
with	O
a	O
mixture	B-CHED
of	O
bilateral	O
patchy	O
consolidations	O
and	O
ground	O
glass	O
opacities	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Early	O
prognosis	O
after	O
severe	O
traumatic	O
brain	B-ANAT
injury	O
with	O
minor	O
or	O
absent	O
computed	O
tomography	O
scan	O
lesions	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
assess	O
the	O
prognostic	O
value	O
of	O
corpus	O
callosum	O
lesions	O
(	O
CCL	B-DISO
)	O
and	O
brain	B-ANAT
stem	I-ANAT
lesions	O
(	O
BSL	O
)	O
in	O
diffuse	O
axonal	O
injury	O
(	O
DAI	O
)	O
patients	O
.	O

Four	O
variables	O
affected	O
time	O
to	O
recovery	O
of	O
consciousness	O
:	O
age	O
(	O
hazard	O
ratio	O
,	O
0	O
.	O
98	O
;	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
,	O
0	O
.	O
97	O
-	O
0	O
.	O
99	O
;	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
009	O
),	O
bilateral	O
absence	O
of	O
light	O
reflexes	B-PROC
(	O
hazard	O
ratio	O
,	O
0	O
.	O
51	O
;	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
,	O
0	O
.	O
27	O
-	O
0	O
.	O
97	O
;	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
041	O
),	O
multiplicity	O
of	O
CCL	B-DISO
(	O
hazard	O
ratio	O
,	O
0	O
.	O
40	O
;	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
,	O
0	O
.	O
25	O
-	O
0	O
.	O
66	O
;	O
p	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
001	O
),	O
and	O
total	O
GCS	O
on	O
admission	O
(	O
hazard	O
ratio	O
,	O
1	O
.	O
45	O
;	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
,	O
1	O
.	O
23	O
-	O
1	O
.	O
71	O
;	O
p	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
001	O
).	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Pandemic	O
influenza	O
A	O
(	O
H1N1	O
)	O
was	O
a	O
serious	O
health	O
problem	O
during	O
the	O
winter	O
of	O
2009	O
-	O
2010	O
in	O
Turkey	B-SPEC
.	O

The	O
most	O
common	O
risk	O
factors	O
for	O
severe	O
H1N1	O
infection	B-DISO
were	O
obesity	B-DISO
(	O
33	O
%),	O
COPD	B-DISO
(	O
16	O
%),	O
and	O
pregnancy	O
(	O
11	O
%).	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Sixteen	O
infectious	O
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
IBV	B-SPEC
)	O
field	O
isolates	O
obtained	O
from	O
vaccinated	O
commercial	O
broiler	O
chickens	B-SPEC
showing	O
clinical	O
respiratory	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
were	O
characterized	O
by	O
reverse	B-PRGE
transcriptase	I-PRGE
-	O
polymerase	O
chain	O
reaction	O
and	O
sequence	O
analysis	O
of	O
the	O
hypervariable	O
region	O
of	O
the	O
S1	B-PRGE
spike	I-PRGE
glycoprotein	I-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
.	O

Protection	O
was	O
evaluated	O
at	O
5	O
and	O
7	O
days	O
postchallenge	O
by	O
scoring	O
clinical	O
signs	O
and	O
quantifying	O
the	O
challenge	O
virus	B-SPEC
load	O
in	O
the	O
trachea	B-DISO
using	O
real	O
-	O
time	O
PCR	O
(	O
qPCR	O
).	O

In	O
addition	O
,	O
the	O
viral	O
load	O
of	O
the	O
vaccine	O
viruses	B-SPEC
(	O
ILTV	B-SPEC
,	O
NDV	B-SPEC
,	O
and	O
IBV	B-SPEC
)	O
was	O
quantified	O
3	O
and	O
5	O
days	O
postvaccination	O
also	O
using	O
qPCR	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
The	O
benzodiazepine	B-CHED
Midazolam	O
mitigates	O
the	O
breathing	B-PROC
defects	O
of	O
Mecp2	B-PRGE
-	O
deficient	O
mice	B-SPEC
.	O

Mecp2	B-PRGE
(-/	O
y	O
)	O
mice	B-SPEC
also	O
develop	O
early	O
GABA	B-CHED
deficits	O
.	O

The	O
most	O
widely	O
used	O
scales	B-ANAT
are	O
the	O
PSI	O
/	O
Fine	O
and	O
CURB	B-DISO
-	O
65	O
scales	B-ANAT
,	O
which	O
have	O
been	O
widely	O
validated	O
and	O
are	O
easy	O
to	O
calculate	O
in	O
clinical	O
practice	O
.	O

Etiologic	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
continues	O
to	O
pose	O
a	O
challenge	O
to	O
clinicians	O
.	O

Experience	O
has	O
also	O
been	O
gained	O
in	O
antiviral	B-CHED
treatment	O
and	O
complications	O
,	O
especially	O
bacterial	O
superinfection	B-DISO
as	O
the	O
main	O
unfavorable	O
event	O
in	O
viral	B-DISO
pneumonias	I-DISO
.	O

Fever	B-PROC
screening	O
stations	O
,	O
triage	O
of	O
fever	B-PROC
patients	O
,	O
separating	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
from	O
other	O
patients	O
,	O
separation	B-DISO
of	O
entrances	O
and	O
passageways	O
between	O
patients	O
and	O
HCWs	O
,	O
and	O
increasing	O
hand	O
-	O
washing	O
facilities	O
all	O
demonstrated	O
a	O
protective	O
effect	O
for	O
HCWs	O
(	O
univariate	O
analysis	O
;	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
).	O

In	O
this	O
article	O
,	O
we	O
show	O
that	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
10	I-FUNC
,	O
a	O
potent	O
anti	O
-	O
inflammatory	O
cytokine	O
,	O
is	O
produced	O
transiently	O
at	O
the	O
peak	O
of	O
infection	B-DISO
by	O
CD8	B-PRGE
T	I-PRGE
cells	O
in	O
the	O
brains	B-ANAT
of	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
-	O
infected	O
mice	B-SPEC
.	O

A	O
highly	O
integrated	O
extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenator	O
(	O
HEXMO	O
)	O
was	O
developed	O
to	O
reduce	O
filling	O
volume	O
and	O
simplify	O
management	O
.	O

In	O
the	O
remaining	O
five	O
experiments	O
,	O
the	O
oxygenation	B-PROC
increased	O
significantly	O
(	O
arterial	B-PROC
oxygen	B-CHED
saturation	I-PROC
[	O
SaO2	B-PROC
]	O
from	O
79	O
±	O
5	O
%	O
before	O
HEXMO	O
to	O
92	O
%	O
±	O
11	O
%	O
after	O
4	O
hours	O
)	O
facilitated	O
by	O
a	O
mean	O
oxygen	B-CHED
transfer	O
of	O
66	O
±	O
29	O
ml	O
/	O
dl	O
through	O
the	O
oxygenator	O
.	O

The	O
plasmatic	O
coagulation	B-PROC
was	O
only	O
mildly	O
activated	O
without	O
significant	O
platelet	B-ANAT
consumption	O
.	O

Our	O
data	O
indicate	O
that	O
the	O
inhibitory	O
effect	O
of	O
siRNA	O
on	O
the	O
isolated	O
N	B-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
expression	O
might	O
be	O
influenced	O
by	O
the	O
sequence	O
context	O
around	O
the	O
targeted	B-PROC
sites	O
.	O

Distinguishing	O
cellular	B-COMP
and	O
biomolecular	O
evidence	O
for	O
several	O
VIDs	O
suggests	O
that	O
environmental	O
conditions	O
conducive	O
to	O
chronic	O
dietary	O
Se	O
deprivation	O
could	O
be	O
monitored	O
for	O
bioindicators	O
of	O
incipient	O
viral	O
virulence	O
and	O
subsequent	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Nursing	B-PROC
students	O
'	O
anxiety	O
and	O
clinical	O
performance	O
.	O

Anxiety	O
was	O
induced	O
by	O
showing	O
a	O
video	O
of	O
interviews	O
with	O
frontline	O
nurses	O
and	O
doctors	O
during	O
the	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
epidemic	O
in	O
Hong	O
Kong	O
,	O
China	O
;	O
calmness	O
was	O
induced	O
by	O
a	O
video	O
of	O
a	O
nursing	B-PROC
student	O
'	O
s	O
pleasant	O
orientation	O
to	O
a	O
clinical	O
placement	O
site	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
the	O
function	O
of	O
3CLpro	O
in	O
host	B-COMP
cells	B-COMP
remains	O
unknown	O
.	O

Furthermore	O
,	O
the	O
protein	O
levels	O
of	O
NF	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
kB	I-PRGE
decreased	O
in	O
3CLpro	O
-	O
transfected	O
A549	O
cells	B-COMP
when	O
compared	O
to	O
EGFP	O
transfected	O
cells	B-COMP
.	O

In	O
contrast	O
,	O
other	O
proinflammatory	O
cytokines	O
and	O
chemokines	O
,	O
including	O
osteopontin	B-PRGE
and	O
CCL3	B-PRGE
,	O
were	O
upregulated	O
in	O
the	O
lungs	B-ANAT
of	O
African	B-SPEC
green	I-SPEC
monkeys	I-SPEC
to	O
a	O
significantly	O
greater	O
extent	O
than	O
in	O
macaques	B-SPEC
.	O

Induction	O
of	O
distinct	O
proinflammatory	O
genes	O
after	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
CoV	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
in	O
different	O
nonhuman	O
primate	B-SPEC
species	B-SPEC
needs	O
to	O
be	O
taken	O
into	O
account	O
when	O
analyzing	O
outcomes	O
of	O
intervention	O
strategies	O
in	O
these	O
species	B-SPEC
.	O

Western	O
blot	O
analysis	O
revealed	O
that	O
SARS	B-DISO
S	O
was	O
cleaved	B-ANAT
into	O
several	O
fragments	O
upon	O
coexpression	O
of	O
TMPRSS2	O
(	O
cis	B-DISO
-	O
cleavage	B-PROC
)	O
and	O
upon	O
contact	O
between	O
SARS	B-DISO
S	O
-	O
expressing	O
cells	B-COMP
and	O
TMPRSS2	O
-	O
positive	O
cells	O
(	O
trans	O
-	O
cleavage	B-PROC
).	O

Among	O
the	O
7	O
,	O
872	O
assembled	O
sequences	O
that	O
were	O
identified	O
as	O
from	O
human	B-SPEC
genome	O
,	O
578	O
non	O
-	O
coding	O
genes	O
were	O
revealed	O
by	O
BLAST	O
search	O
.	O

Mouse	B-DISO
hepatitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
MHV	B-SPEC
)	O
is	O
a	O
widely	O
studied	O
model	O
system	O
for	O
Coronavirus	B-SPEC
replication	O
and	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
results	O
showed	O
that	O
most	O
IBV	B-SPEC
strains	O
that	O
have	O
circulated	O
in	O
China	O
in	O
recent	O
years	O
belong	O
to	O
the	O
genotype	O
of	O
QX	O
-	O
like	O
strains	O
,	O
and	O
that	O
they	O
could	O
be	O
grouped	O
further	O
into	O
two	O
clusters	B-CHED
,	O
regardless	O
of	O
the	O
level	O
of	O
genetic	O
variation	O
displayed	O
.	O

No	O
lesions	O
were	O
observed	O
if	O
the	O
chickens	B-SPEC
had	O
been	O
vaccinated	O
at	O
7	O
days	O
of	O
age	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
We	O
report	O
the	O
first	O
successful	O
use	O
of	O
venovenous	O
extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenation	B-PROC
(	O
ECMO	O
)	O
for	O
refractory	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
in	O
an	O
infant	O
with	O
DiGeorge	B-DISO
anomaly	I-DISO
,	O
following	O
thymus	B-SPEC
transplantation	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Patient	O
-	O
ventilator	O
interaction	O
during	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
role	O
of	O
spontaneous	O
breathing	B-PROC
:	O
part	O
1	O
:	O
respiratory	B-ANAT
muscle	I-ANAT
function	O
during	O
critical	B-DISO
illness	I-DISO
.	O

Historically	O
,	O
the	O
term	O
""""	O
disuse	B-DISO
atrophy	I-DISO
""""	O
has	O
described	O
a	O
situation	O
wherein	O
sustained	O
inactivity	O
of	O
the	O
respiratory	B-ANAT
muscles	I-ANAT
(	O
ie	O
,	O
passive	B-PROC
ventilation	I-PROC
)	O
results	O
in	O
deconditioning	O
and	O
weakness	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Patient	O
-	O
ventilator	O
interaction	O
during	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
role	O
of	O
spontaneous	O
breathing	B-PROC
:	O
part	O
2	O
:	O
airway	B-ANAT
pressure	O
release	B-PATH
ventilation	O
.	O

Thus	O
,	O
APRV	O
/	O
BIPAP	O
should	O
reduce	O
requirements	O
for	O
sedation	B-DISO
and	O
muscle	B-ANAT
paralysis	O
,	O
and	O
thereby	O
reduce	O
the	O
duration	O
of	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
.	O

Studies	O
on	O
sedation	B-DISO
use	O
have	O
serious	O
methodological	O
limitations	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Feline	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
peritonitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
FIPV	O
)	O
can	O
cause	O
a	O
lethal	O
disease	O
in	O
cats	B-SPEC
,	O
feline	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
peritonitis	I-DISO
(	O
FIP	B-DISO
).	O

Then	O
,	O
the	O
difference	O
in	O
epitope	B-CHED
which	O
those	O
MAbs	O
recognise	O
was	O
demonstrated	O
by	O
competitive	O
enzyme	O
-	O
linked	O
immunosorbent	O
assay	O
(	O
ELISA	O
)	O
and	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
γ	I-PRGE
neutralisation	O
tests	O
.	O

Subsequently	O
,	O
quantitative	O
reverse	B-PRGE
transcriptase	I-PRGE
polymerase	O
chain	O
reaction	O
(	O
qRT	O
-	O
PCR	O
)	O
assays	O
for	O
the	O
detection	O
of	O
51	O
immune	O
-	O
related	O
and	O
four	O
internal	O
reference	O
genes	O
were	O
developed	O
.	O

In	O
conclusion	O
,	O
these	O
new	O
assays	O
will	O
greatly	O
improve	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
the	O
hamster	B-SPEC
as	O
an	O
important	O
small	O
animal	B-SPEC
model	O
in	O
infectious	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
research	O
.	O

Rescue	O
therapies	O
are	O
utilized	O
in	O
younger	O
patients	O
with	O
more	O
severe	O
oxygenation	B-PROC
deficits	O
.	O

A	O
total	O
of	O
575	O
critically	B-DISO
ill	I-DISO
patients	O
admitted	O
to	O
the	O
medical	O
or	O
surgical	O
intensive	O
care	O
unit	O
of	O
an	O
academic	O
tertiary	O
-	O
care	O
hospital	O
.	O

Catastrophic	O
antiphospholipid	B-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
CAPS	O
),	O
in	O
contradistinction	O
to	O
APS	B-DISO
,	O
is	O
defined	O
as	O
three	O
or	O
more	O
organs	B-ANAT
affected	O
by	O
thrombotic	B-DISO
microangiopathy	I-DISO
in	O
patients	O
demonstrating	O
aPL	B-DISO
and	O
can	O
result	O
in	O
mortality	O
up	O
to	O
50	O
%.	O

Both	O
disseminated	B-DISO
intravascular	I-DISO
coagulation	I-DISO
(	O
DIC	B-DISO
)	O
and	O
CAPS	O
share	O
similar	O
characteristics	O
encompassing	O
thrombotic	B-DISO
microangiopathy	I-DISO
,	O
bleeding	B-DISO
,	O
thromboembolism	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
multiple	O
organ	B-ANAT
dysfunction	O
.	O

For	O
the	O
killing	O
reaction	O
,	O
these	O
cells	B-COMP
have	O
an	O
extensive	O
machinery	O
of	O
cytotoxic	O
effector	B-CHED
mechanisms	O
including	O
phagocytosis	B-PROC
,	O
production	O
of	O
toxic	O
oxygen	B-CHED
metabolites	B-CHED
,	O
initiated	O
by	O
a	O
membrane	B-COMP
bound	O
nicotinamide	B-CHED
adenine	I-CHED
dinucleotide	I-CHED
phosphate	I-CHED
(	O
NADPH	B-CHED
)	O
oxidase	B-PRGE
,	O
and	O
degranulation	O
of	O
cytotoxic	O
proteins	B-CHED
(	O
for	O
reviews	O
see	O
1	O
,	O
2	O
).	O

We	O
analyzed	O
the	O
data	O
collected	O
in	O
a	O
cohort	O
of	O
patients	O
with	O
GBS	B-DISO
admitted	O
to	O
the	O
intensive	O
care	O
unit	O
(	O
ICU	O
)	O
of	O
our	O
university	O
hospital	O
between	O
1996	O
and	O
2009	O
.	O

Sixty	O
-	O
one	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
GBS	B-DISO
were	O
studied	O
.	O

The	O
lack	O
of	O
foot	B-ANAT
flexion	B-PROC
ability	O
at	O
ICU	O
admission	O
and	O
at	O
the	O
end	O
of	O
immunotherapy	O
was	O
significantly	O
associated	O
with	O
MV	O
length	O
>	O
15	O
days	O
(	O
positive	O
predictive	O
value	O
:	O
82	O
%;	O
odds	O
ratio	O
:	O
5	O
.	O
4	O
[	O
1	O
.	O
2	O
-	O
23	O
.	O
8	O
]	O
and	O
82	O
%;	O
6	O
.	O
4	O
[	O
1	O
.	O
4	O
-	O
28	O
.	O
8	O
],	O
respectively	O
).	O

Combined	O
with	O
a	O
sciatic	O
motor	O
conduction	B-PROC
block	O
,	O
it	O
may	O
be	O
a	O
strong	O
argument	O
to	O
perform	O
an	O
early	O
tracheotomy	O
.	O

Then	O
,	O
UDA	B-CHED
was	O
tested	O
for	O
efficacy	O
in	O
a	O
lethal	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
-	O
infected	O
BALB	O
/	O
c	O
mouse	B-SPEC
model	O
.	O

Furthermore	O
,	O
the	O
mode	O
of	O
action	O
of	O
UDA	B-CHED
in	O
vitro	O
was	O
further	O
investigated	O
using	O
live	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
Urbani	O
strain	O
virus	B-SPEC
and	O
retroviral	B-SPEC
particles	O
pseudotyped	O
with	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
spike	O
(	O
S	O
).	O

To	O
establish	O
the	O
reciprocal	O
binding	B-FUNC
of	O
CCoV	O
on	O
plasma	B-COMP
membrane	I-COMP
,	O
A72	O
cells	B-COMP
on	O
a	O
permeable	O
support	O
were	O
preincubated	O
with	O
a	O
mAb	O
specific	O
for	O
CCoV	O
.	O
Infection	B-DISO
from	O
the	O
apical	O
side	O
was	O
blocked	O
by	O
mAb	O
applied	O
to	O
that	O
side	O
;	O
in	O
contrast	O
,	O
such	O
treatment	O
on	O
the	O
basolateral	O
side	O
had	O
no	O
effect	O
on	O
the	O
infectious	O
process	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Porcine	O
epidemic	O
diarrhea	O
virus	O
(	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
)	O
LJB	O
/	O
03	O
strain	O
was	O
isolated	O
from	O
the	O
feces	B-ANAT
of	O
piglets	O
suspected	O
to	O
be	O
suffering	B-DISO
from	O
a	O
severe	B-DISO
diarrhea	I-DISO
in	O
Heilongjiang	O
Province	O
,	O
and	O
was	O
identified	O
by	O
immunofluorescence	O
test	O
,	O
immunelectronmicroscopy	O
,	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
and	O
indirect	O
ELISA	O
assay	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
A	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
CoV	O
)	O
previously	O
shown	O
to	O
be	O
associated	O
with	O
catarrhal	O
gastroenteritis	B-DISO
in	O
mink	B-SPEC
(	O
Mustela	B-SPEC
vison	I-SPEC
)	O
was	O
identified	O
by	O
electron	O
microscopy	O
in	O
mink	B-SPEC
faeces	B-ANAT
from	O
two	O
fur	O
farms	O
in	O
Wisconsin	O
and	O
Minnesota	O
in	O
1998	O
.	O

A	O
pan	B-COMP
-	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
and	O
a	O
genus	B-SPEC
-	O
specific	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
assay	O
were	O
used	O
initially	O
to	O
demonstrate	O
that	O
the	O
newly	O
discovered	O
mink	B-SPEC
CoVs	O
(	O
MCoVs	O
)	O
were	O
members	O
of	O
the	O
genus	B-SPEC
Alphacoronavirus	B-SPEC
.	O

The	O
two	O
compounds	O
were	O
found	O
to	O
inhibit	O
IBV	B-SPEC
with	O
an	O
IC₅₀	O
of	O
0	O
.	O
98	O
±	O
0	O
.	O
25	O
and	O
1	O
.	O
32	O
±	O
0	O
.	O
11	O
mM	O
.	O
The	O
MTT	B-CHED
assay	O
showed	O
that	O
the	O
inhibitions	O
of	O
(-)-	O
pinenes	O
against	O
IBV	B-SPEC
appear	O
to	O
occur	O
moderately	O
before	O
entering	O
the	O
cell	B-COMP
but	O
are	O
much	O
stronger	O
occur	O
after	O
penetration	O
of	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
into	O
the	O
cell	B-COMP
.	O

Five	O
of	O
the	O
7	O
patients	O
survived	O
to	O
hospital	O
discharge	B-ANAT
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Development	B-PROC
and	O
immunogenicity	O
of	O
recombinant	O
GapA	B-PRGE
(+)	O
Mycoplasma	B-SPEC
gallisepticum	I-SPEC
vaccine	O
strain	O
ts	O
-	O
11	O
expressing	O
infectious	O
bronchitis	B-PRGE
virus	B-SPEC
-	I-PRGE
S1	I-PRGE
glycoprotein	B-CHED
and	I-PRGE
chicken	B-SPEC
interleukin	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
6	I-PRGE
.	O

To	O
improve	O
the	O
functionality	O
of	O
the	O
vaccine	O
and	O
investigate	O
its	O
potential	O
as	O
a	O
delivery	O
vector	O
for	O
foreign	O
antigens	B-CHED
and	O
immunomodulatory	O
proteins	B-CHED
,	O
we	O
developed	O
a	O
derivative	O
of	O
ts	O
-	O
11	O
expressing	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-PRGE
virus	B-SPEC
-	I-PRGE
S1	I-PRGE
glycoprotein	B-CHED
(	O
IBV	B-SPEC
-	O
S1	O
)	O
and	O
releasing	O
chicken	B-SPEC
interleukin	O
-	O
6	O
into	O
the	O
extracellular	B-COMP
milieu	O
(	O
MG	O
ts	O
-	O
11	O
C3	O
(+	O
CS	O
))	O
using	O
a	O
transposon	O
-	O
based	O
delivery	O
vector	O
.	O

Drugs	O
that	O
inhibit	O
the	O
ion	O
channel	O
formed	O
by	O
the	O
3a	O
protein	B-CHED
can	O
be	O
expected	O
to	O
inhibit	O
virus	B-SPEC
release	B-PATH
,	O
and	O
would	O
be	O
a	O
source	O
for	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
novel	O
therapeutic	O
agents	O
.	O

Here	O
we	O
demonstrate	O
that	O
emodin	B-CHED
can	O
inhibit	O
the	O
3a	O
ion	O
channel	O
of	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
and	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
OC43	I-SPEC
as	O
well	O
as	O
virus	B-SPEC
release	B-PATH
from	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
OC43	I-SPEC
with	O
a	O
K1	O
/	O
2	O
value	O
of	O
about	O
20	O
μM	O
.	O
We	O
suggest	O
that	O
viral	O
ion	B-FUNC
channels	I-FUNC
,	O
in	O
general	O
,	O
may	O
be	O
a	O
good	O
target	O
for	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
antiviral	B-CHED
agents	I-CHED
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Cutting	O
edge	O
:	O
attrition	B-DISO
of	O
Plasmodium	B-SPEC
-	O
specific	O
memory	B-PROC
CD8	B-PRGE
T	I-PRGE
cells	O
results	O
in	O
decreased	O
protection	O
that	O
is	O
rescued	O
by	O
booster	O
immunization	O
.	O

Treatment	O
includes	O
early	O
admission	O
to	O
a	O
burn	O
unit	O
,	O
where	O
treatment	O
with	O
precise	O
fluid	O
,	O
electrolyte	O
,	O
protein	B-CHED
,	O
and	O
energy	O
supplementation	O
,	O
moderate	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
,	O
and	O
expert	O
wound	O
care	O
can	O
be	O
provided	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
A	O
retrieval	O
program	O
was	O
developed	O
in	O
New	O
South	O
Wales	O
(	O
NSW	O
),	O
Australia	O
to	O
provide	O
extracorporeal	O
membrane	O
oxygenation	B-PROC
support	O
(	O
ECMO	O
)	O
for	O
the	O
safe	O
transport	B-PROC
of	O
adults	O
with	O
severe	O
,	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
or	O
cardiac	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
.	O

Two	O
other	O
patients	O
died	B-PROC
after	O
referral	O
but	O
before	O
ECMO	O
support	O
could	O
be	O
established	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
PLP2	B-PRGE
of	O
mouse	B-DISO
hepatitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
A59	O
(	O
MHV	B-SPEC
-	O
A59	O
)	O
targets	O
TBK1	B-FUNC
to	O
negatively	O
regulate	O
cellular	B-COMP
type	O
I	O
interferon	O
signaling	B-PROC
pathway	I-PROC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Coronaviruses	O
such	O
as	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SCoV	O
)	O
and	O
mouse	B-DISO
hepatitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
A59	O
(	O
MHV	B-SPEC
-	O
A59	O
)	O
have	O
evolved	O
strategies	O
to	O
disable	O
the	O
innate	O
immune	B-ANAT
system	I-ANAT
for	O
productive	O
replication	O
and	O
spread	O
of	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

Albeit	O
promiscuous	O
in	O
deubiquitinating	B-PROC
cellular	B-COMP
proteins	B-CHED
,	O
PLP2	B-PRGE
inactivated	O
TBK1	O
and	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
β	I-PRGE
response	O
in	O
TNF	B-PRGE
receptor	I-PRGE
associated	I-PRGE
factor	I-PRGE
3	I-PRGE
(	O
TRAF3	B-PRGE
)	O
deficient	O
cells	B-COMP
,	O
suggesting	O
that	O
targeting	B-PROC
TBK1	B-FUNC
would	O
be	O
sufficient	O
for	O
PLP2	B-PRGE
to	O
inhibit	O
IRF3	B-PRGE
activation	O
.	O

Age	O
was	O
51	O
±	O
16	O
years	O
,	O
PaO	B-PROC
(	O
2	O
)/	O
FiO	O
(	O
2	O
)	O
74	O
±	O
19	O
,	O
and	O
PaCO	O
(	O
2	O
)	O
54	O
±	O
10	O
mmHg	O
.	O

The	O
60	O
-	O
day	O
mortality	O
was	O
19	O
%	O
and	O
death	B-PROC
occurred	O
after	O
12	O
±	O
5	O
days	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Respiratory	B-DISO
tract	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
is	O
a	O
leading	O
cause	O
of	O
morbidity	O
and	O
mortality	O
worldwide	O
,	O
especially	O
among	O
young	O
children	O
.	O

Human	O
coronaviruses	O
(	O
HCoVs	O
)	O
have	O
only	O
recently	O
been	O
shown	O
to	O
cause	O
both	O
lower	O
and	O
upper	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
tract	I-DISO
infections	I-DISO
.	O

To	O
date	O
,	O
five	O
coronaviruses	O
(	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
229E	I-SPEC
,	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
OC43	I-SPEC
,	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
,	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
NL63	I-SPEC
and	O
HCoV	O
HKU	O
-	O
1	O
)	O
that	O
infect	O
humans	B-SPEC
have	O
been	O
identified	O
,	O
four	O
of	O
which	O
(	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
229E	I-SPEC
,	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
OC43	I-SPEC
,	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
NL63	I-SPEC
and	O
HCoV	O
-	O
HKU	O
-	O
1	O
)	O
circulate	O
continuously	O
in	O
the	O
human	B-SPEC
population	O
.	O

The	O
purpose	O
of	O
this	O
study	O
was	O
to	O
describe	O
baseline	O
characteristics	O
,	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
VAHS	O
,	O
related	O
treatments	O
and	O
associated	O
mortality	O
rate	O
of	O
consecutive	O
critically	B-DISO
ill	I-DISO
patients	O
with	O
confirmed	O
2009	O
influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
(	O
H1N1	O
)	O
infection	B-DISO
and	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
.	O

At	O
48	O
h	O
post	O
-	O
infection	B-DISO
,	O
only	O
a	O
few	O
siRNA	O
-	O
treated	O
cells	B-COMP
were	O
positive	O
for	O
viral	B-PRGE
antigen	I-PRGE
staining	O
,	O
whereas	O
most	O
untreated	O
virus	B-SPEC
-	O
infected	O
cells	B-COMP
were	O
positive	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Examination	O
of	O
CPE	O
demonstrated	O
that	O
the	O
four	O
siRNAs	O
were	O
capable	O
of	O
protecting	O
cells	B-COMP
against	O
PHE	B-CHED
-	O
CoV	O
invasion	B-DISO
with	O
very	O
high	O
specificity	O
and	O
efficiency	O
.	O

We	O
report	O
two	O
extremely	O
rare	O
cases	O
of	O
prenatal	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
PRS	B-DISO
and	O
SS	O
,	O
prematurely	O
identified	O
by	O
prenatal	O
ultrasonography	O
and	O
successively	O
managed	O
by	O
oculists	O
ophthalmogists	O
.	O

To	O
this	O
aim	O
,	O
we	O
designed	O
,	O
through	O
a	O
bioinformatic	O
approach	O
,	O
8	O
potentially	O
immunogenic	O
peptides	B-CHED
from	O
the	O
protein	B-CHED
N	O
corresponding	O
to	O
sequences	O
of	O
residues	O
14	O
,	O
182	O
,	O
198	O
detected	O
only	O
in	O
FCoVs	O
from	O
FIP	B-DISO
cats	B-SPEC
(	O
virulent	O
strains	O
),	O
only	O
in	O
FCoVs	O
from	O
healthy	O
cats	B-SPEC
(	O
avirulent	O
strains	O
)	O
and	O
both	O
in	O
FIP	B-DISO
and	O
in	O
healthy	O
cats	B-SPEC
(	O
mixed	O
strains	O
).	O

The	O
combined	O
approach	O
employed	O
in	O
this	O
study	O
allowed	O
us	O
to	O
identify	O
potentially	O
immunogenic	O
peptides	B-CHED
of	O
FCoV	O
N	O
protein	B-CHED
that	O
can	O
modulate	O
the	O
production	O
of	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
γ	I-PRGE
especially	O
in	O
cats	B-SPEC
with	O
a	O
""""	O
pre	O
-	O
activated	O
""""	O
cell	B-COMP
mediated	O
response	O
.	O

In	O
this	O
review	O
,	O
we	O
summarize	O
RNA	O
-	O
RNA	O
and	O
RNA	O
-	O
protein	B-CHED
interactions	O
that	O
represent	O
modest	O
examples	O
of	O
complex	O
quaternary	O
RNA	O
-	O
protein	B-CHED
structures	O
required	O
for	O
the	O
fine	O
-	O
tuning	O
of	O
virus	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
.	O

Organs	B-ANAT
and	O
tissues	B-ANAT
from	O
deceased	B-PROC
patients	O
were	O
histologically	O
studied	O
;	O
chest	B-ANAT
computed	O
tomography	O
,	O
body	B-ANAT
plethysmography	O
,	O
fibrobronchoscopy	O
,	O
breath	B-ANAT
test	O
,	O
and	O
6	O
-	O
minute	O
walk	O
test	O
were	O
performed	O
in	O
the	O
late	O
period	O
.	O

The	O
significance	O
of	O
this	O
structure	O
in	O
the	O
context	O
of	O
a	O
previous	O
mutagenesis	B-PROC
analysis	O
of	O
SL2	B-PRGE
function	O
in	O
replication	O
of	O
the	O
related	O
group	O
2	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
,	O
mouse	B-DISO
hepatitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
,	O
is	O
discussed	O
.	O

Information	O
remains	O
limited	O
about	O
the	O
comparative	O
protein	B-PROC
expression	B-PROC
profiles	O
of	O
chicken	B-SPEC
embryonic	B-ANAT
tissues	B-ANAT
in	O
response	O
to	O
IBV	B-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
in	O
ovo	B-SPEC
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
17	O
differentially	O
expressed	B-PROC
proteins	B-CHED
from	O
tracheal	O
tissues	B-ANAT
and	O
19	O
differentially	O
expressed	B-PROC
proteins	B-CHED
from	O
kidney	B-ANAT
tissues	B-ANAT
were	O
identified	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
A	O
Canadian	O
Critical	O
Care	O
Trials	O
Group	O
project	O
in	O
collaboration	O
with	O
the	O
international	O
forum	O
for	O
acute	O
care	O
trialists	O
-	O
Collaborative	O
H1N1	O
Adjuvant	B-CHED
Treatment	O
pilot	O
trial	O
(	O
CHAT	B-SPEC
):	O
study	O
protocol	O
and	O
design	O
of	O
a	O
randomized	O
controlled	O
trial	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Swine	B-SPEC
origin	O
influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
/	O
H1N1	O
infection	B-DISO
(	O
H1N1	O
)	O
emerged	O
in	O
early	O
2009	O
and	O
rapidly	O
spread	O
to	O
humans	B-SPEC
.	O

For	O
most	O
infected	O
individuals	O
,	O
symptoms	O
were	O
mild	O
and	O
self	O
-	O
limited	O
;	O
however	O
,	O
a	O
small	O
number	O
developed	O
a	O
more	O
severe	O
clinical	O
syndrome	B-DISO
characterized	O
by	O
profound	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
with	O
hospital	O
mortality	O
ranging	O
from	O
10	O
to	O
30	O
%.	O

Multiple	O
observational	O
studies	O
have	O
suggested	B-PRGE
that	I-PRGE
HMGCoA	I-PRGE
reductase	I-PRGE
inhibitors	I-PRGE
(	O
statins	O
)	O
can	O
exert	B-PROC
a	O
class	B-SPEC
effect	O
in	O
attenuating	O
inflammation	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Structure	O
and	O
functional	O
relevance	O
of	O
a	O
transcription	B-PROC
-	O
regulating	O
sequence	O
involved	O
in	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
discontinuous	O
RNA	B-PROC
synthesis	I-PROC
.	O

The	O
nascent	O
minus	O
-	O
stranded	O
RNA	O
would	O
then	O
be	O
transferred	O
by	O
a	O
template	O
switch	O
process	O
to	O
the	O
TRS	B-DISO
-	O
L	O
,	O
which	O
acts	O
as	O
the	O
acceptor	B-CHED
RNA	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Viral	O
etiology	O
of	O
influenza	B-DISO
-	O
like	O
illnesses	O
in	O
Antananarivo	O
,	O
Madagascar	O
,	O
July	O
2008	O
to	O
June	O
2009	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
In	O
Madagascar	O
,	O
despite	O
an	O
influenza	O
surveillance	O
established	O
since	O
1978	O
,	O
little	O
is	O
known	O
about	O
the	O
etiology	O
and	O
prevalence	O
of	O
viruses	B-SPEC
other	O
than	O
influenza	B-DISO
causing	O
influenza	B-DISO
-	O
like	O
illnesses	O
(	O
ILIs	O
).	O

We	O
screened	O
these	O
specimens	O
using	O
five	O
multiplex	O
real	O
time	O
Reverse	B-PROC
Transcription	I-PROC
and	O
/	O
or	O
Polymerase	O
Chain	O
Reaction	O
assays	O
for	O
detection	O
of	O
14	O
respiratory	O
viruses	B-SPEC
.	O

We	O
detected	O
respiratory	O
viruses	B-SPEC
in	O
235	O
/	O
313	O
(	O
75	O
.	O
1	O
%)	O
samples	O
.	O

In	O
this	O
age	O
group	O
,	O
compared	O
to	O
those	O
≥	O
5	O
years	O
,	O
the	O
risk	O
of	O
detecting	O
more	O
than	O
one	O
virus	B-SPEC
was	O
higher	O
(	O
OR	O
=	O
1	O
.	O
9	O
),	O
as	O
was	O
the	O
risk	O
of	O
detecting	O
of	O
RSV	B-SPEC
(	O
OR	O
=	O
10	O
.	O
1	O
)	O
and	O
adenovirus	B-DISO
(	O
OR	O
=	O
4	O
.	O
7	O
).	O

Previously	O
,	O
the	O
extra	O
domain	O
was	O
demonstrated	O
to	O
regulate	O
the	O
catalysis	O
of	O
the	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
3CLpro	I-PRGE
by	O
controlling	O
its	O
dimerization	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Clinical	O
observation	O
on	O
the	O
effect	O
of	O
dexamethasone	B-CHED
and	O
Chinese	O
herbal	O
decoction	O
for	O
purgation	O
in	O
severe	O
acute	O
pancreatitis	O
patients	O
.	O

The	O
breeding	B-PROC
success	O
of	O
the	O
colony	O
was	O
significantly	O
better	O
in	O
2010	O
than	O
in	O
2008	O
,	O
in	O
spite	O
of	O
stronger	O
amplification	B-DISO
of	O
coronaviruses	O
and	O
astroviruses	O
in	O
2010	O
,	O
suggesting	O
that	O
these	O
viruses	B-SPEC
had	O
little	O
pathogenic	O
influence	O
on	O
bats	B-SPEC
.	O

However	O
,	O
the	O
general	O
correlation	O
of	O
virus	B-SPEC
and	O
bat	B-ENZY
population	O
dynamics	O
suggests	O
that	O
bats	O
control	O
infections	B-DISO
similar	O
to	O
other	O
mammals	B-SPEC
and	O
that	O
they	O
may	O
well	O
experience	O
epidemics	O
of	O
viruses	B-SPEC
under	O
certain	O
circumstances	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
date	O
,	O
the	O
SARS	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
is	O
the	O
only	O
known	O
highly	O
pathogenic	O
human	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Changes	O
in	O
attitudes	O
toward	O
wildlife	O
and	O
wildlife	O
meats	O
in	O
Hunan	O
Province	O
,	O
central	O
China	O
,	O
before	O
and	O
after	O
the	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
outbreak	O
.	O

Although	O
palm	B-ANAT
civet	B-SPEC
was	O
suspected	O
to	O
be	O
the	O
carrier	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
,	O
it	O
was	O
interesting	O
to	O
note	O
that	O
,	O
after	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
epidemic	O
,	O
the	O
proportion	O
of	O
people	O
surveyed	O
who	O
ate	B-DISO
palm	B-ANAT
civets	B-SPEC
had	O
declined	O
only	O
slightly	O
.	O

Furthermore	O
,	O
many	O
piglets	O
were	O
seropositive	O
to	O
PHEV	O
,	O
indicating	O
the	O
possible	O
transfer	O
of	O
maternal	O
antibodies	B-COMP
via	O
the	O
colostrum	B-ANAT
.	O

Nine	O
of	O
the	O
37	O
cattle	B-SPEC
infected	O
with	O
bovine	B-SPEC
kobuvirus	I-SPEC
were	O
confirmed	O
to	O
have	O
a	O
co	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
with	O
other	O
viruses	B-SPEC
including	O
bovine	B-SPEC
rotavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
n	O
=	O
3	O
),	O
bovine	B-SPEC
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
n	O
=	O
1	O
),	O
bovine	B-SPEC
viral	I-SPEC
diarrhea	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
n	O
=	O
1	O
),	O
and	O
both	O
bovine	B-SPEC
coronavirus	B-SPEC
and	O
bovine	B-SPEC
viral	I-SPEC
diarrhea	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
n	O
=	O
4	O
).	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Infections	B-DISO
caused	O
by	O
human	B-SPEC
rhinoviruses	B-SPEC
(	O
HRVs	O
)	O
are	O
important	O
triggers	O
of	O
wheezing	B-DISO
in	O
young	O
children	O
.	O

Wheezy	B-DISO
illness	O
has	O
increasingly	O
been	O
recognised	O
as	O
an	O
important	O
cause	O
of	O
morbidity	O
in	O
African	O
children	O
,	O
but	O
there	O
is	O
little	O
information	O
on	O
the	O
contribution	O
of	O
HRV	O
to	O
this	O
.	O

The	O
presence	O
of	O
human	B-SPEC
metapneumovirus	I-SPEC
,	O
human	B-SPEC
bocavirus	I-SPEC
and	O
human	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
-	O
NL63	O
was	O
assessed	O
in	O
all	O
samples	O
using	O
PCR	O
-	O
based	O
assays	O
.	O

Categorical	O
characteristics	O
were	O
analysed	O
using	O
Fisher	B-SPEC
'	O
s	O
Exact	O
test	O
.	O

Providing	O
a	O
core	O
component	O
of	O
the	O
front	O
line	O
response	O
to	O
disasters	O
,	O
paramedics	O
potentially	O
expose	O
themselves	O
to	O
a	O
variety	O
of	O
health	O
and	O
safety	O
risks	O
,	O
including	O
physical	O
injury	O
,	O
death	B-PROC
,	O
communicable	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
,	O
and	O
psychological	B-DISO
effects	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Kartagener	B-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

We	O
present	O
a	O
case	O
of	O
a	O
66	O
-	O
year	O
-	O
old	O
woman	O
with	O
chronic	O
recurrent	O
upper	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
infections	I-DISO
,	O
pseudomonal	B-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
,	O
and	O
chronic	O
bronchiectasis	B-DISO
who	O
presented	O
with	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
.	O

She	O
expired	O
on	O
ventilator	O
with	O
refractory	O
respiratory	O
and	O
multiorgan	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Simultaneous	O
multiple	O
assay	O
(	O
Luminex	O
xTAG	O
respiratory	O
viral	O
panel	O
FAST	B-FUNC
assay	O
)	O
efficacy	O
in	O
human	B-SPEC
respiratory	O
virus	B-SPEC
detection	O
].	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
CoV	O
)	O
discontinuous	O
transcription	B-PROC
mechanism	O
is	O
driven	O
by	O
long	O
-	O
distance	O
RNA	O
-	O
RNA	O
interactions	O
between	O
transcription	B-PROC
-	O
regulating	O
sequences	O
(	O
TRSs	O
)	O
located	O
at	O
the	O
5	O
'	O
terminal	O
leader	O
(	O
TRS	B-DISO
-	O
L	O
)	O
and	O
also	O
preceding	O
each	O
mRNA	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
coding	I-PRGE
sequence	I-PRGE
(	O
TRS	B-DISO
-	O
B	O
).	O

The	O
hot	B-DISO
spot	I-DISO
consists	O
of	O
a	O
salt	B-CHED
bridge	O
surrounded	O
by	O
hydrophobic	O
tunnel	O
walls	O
.	O

Furthermore	O
,	O
NL63	O
-	O
CoV	O
RBD	O
inhibits	O
hACE2	O
-	O
dependent	O
transduction	B-PROC
by	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
spike	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
,	O
a	O
successful	O
application	O
of	O
the	O
hot	B-DISO
spot	I-DISO
theory	O
that	O
has	O
the	O
potential	O
to	O
become	O
a	O
new	O
antiviral	B-CHED
strategy	O
against	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
infections	B-DISO
.	O

These	O
results	O
suggest	O
that	O
the	O
structural	O
features	O
of	O
the	O
hot	B-DISO
spot	I-DISO
on	O
hACE2	O
were	O
among	O
the	O
driving	O
forces	O
for	O
the	O
convergent	O
evolution	B-PROC
of	O
NL63	O
-	O
CoV	O
and	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Nucleic	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
tests	O
are	O
sensitive	O
and	O
specific	O
and	O
provide	O
a	O
rapid	O
diagnosis	O
,	O
making	O
them	O
invaluable	O
for	O
patient	O
and	O
outbreak	O
management	O
.	O

Targets	O
not	O
detected	O
by	O
the	O
RVP	O
Fast	B-FUNC
assay	O
included	O
primarily	O
influenza	B-SPEC
B	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
,	O
parainfluenza	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
type	I-SPEC
2	I-SPEC
,	O
and	O
human	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
229E	I-SPEC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Soluble	B-PRGE
receptor	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
resistant	I-PRGE
mutant	I-PRGE
7	I-PRGE
(	O
ssr7	O
)	O
is	O
isolated	O
from	O
a	O
highly	O
neurovirulent	O
mouse	B-DISO
hepatitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
MHV	B-SPEC
)	O
JHMV	O
cl	O
-	O
2	O
strain	O
(	O
cl	O
-	O
2	O
).	O

srr7	O
exhibits	O
lower	O
virulence	B-PROC
than	O
its	O
maternal	O
strain	O
in	O
infected	O
mice	B-SPEC
,	O
which	O
is	O
typically	O
manifested	O
in	O
a	O
longer	O
lifespan	O
.	O

Here	O
,	O
we	O
demonstrate	O
that	O
the	O
next	O
viral	O
spread	O
was	O
observed	O
in	O
glial	B-COMP
fibrillary	I-COMP
acidic	I-COMP
protein	I-COMP
-	O
positive	O
cells	B-COMP
or	O
nestin	O
-	O
positive	O
progenitor	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
which	O
take	O
up	O
positions	O
in	O
the	O
subventricular	O
zone	O
(	O
SVZ	O
).	O

Antigenic	O
and	O
genomic	O
characterizations	O
of	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
isolate	O
PHEV	O
-	O
JLsp09	O
)	O
were	O
based	O
on	O
multiplex	O
PCR	O
and	O
negative	O
staining	O
electron	O
microscopy	O
and	O
sequence	O
analysis	O
of	O
the	O
Hemagglutinin	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
esterase	I-PRGE
(	O
HE	O
)	O
gene	O
.	O

Mice	B-SPEC
were	O
infected	O
with	O
the	O
isolated	O
virus	B-SPEC
.	O

The	O
detection	O
limit	O
of	O
the	O
reaction	O
was	O
10	O
(	O
3	O
)	O
plasmid	O
copies	O
and	O
1	O
.	O
17	O
×	O
10	O
(-	O
3	O
)	O
TCID	O
(	O
50	O
)	O
of	O
the	O
tissue	B-ANAT
culture	O
propagated	O
virus	B-SPEC
.	O

However	O
,	O
three	O
fecal	B-ANAT
and	O
two	O
nasal	B-ANAT
samples	O
tested	O
negative	O
in	O
gel	O
-	O
based	O
assay	O
were	O
positive	O
for	O
the	O
real	O
-	O
time	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
.	O

Because	O
gene	B-PROC
expression	I-PROC
is	O
an	O
intermediate	O
phenotype	O
that	O
resides	O
between	O
the	O
DNA	O
sequence	O
variation	O
and	O
the	O
higher	O
level	O
cellular	B-COMP
or	O
whole	O
-	O
body	B-ANAT
phenotypes	O
,	O
the	O
illustration	O
of	O
gene	B-PROC
expression	I-PROC
regulatory	O
networks	O
potentially	O
could	O
enhance	O
understanding	O
of	O
disease	O
susceptibility	O
and	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
inflammatory	O
lung	B-ANAT
syndromes	B-DISO
.	O

MicroRNAs	O
(	O
miRNAs	O
)	O
have	O
emerged	O
as	O
a	O
novel	O
class	B-SPEC
of	O
gene	O
regulators	O
that	O
play	O
critical	O
roles	O
in	O
complex	O
diseases	O
including	O
ALI	O
.	O

None	O
of	O
the	O
pathogens	O
tested	O
for	O
was	O
a	O
significant	O
factor	O
in	O
the	O
final	O
multivariable	O
model	O
suggesting	O
that	O
in	O
this	O
predominantly	O
vaccinated	O
population	O
,	O
diarrhoea	B-DISO
may	O
be	O
more	O
associated	O
with	O
lifestyle	O
risk	O
factors	O
than	O
specific	O
pathogens	O
.	O

RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
was	O
used	O
to	O
detect	O
the	O
following	O
pathogens	O
:	O
influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
(	O
H1N1	O
)	O
and	O
B	O
,	O
parainfluenza	B-DISO
1	O
-	O
4	O
,	O
adenovirus	B-DISO
,	O
respiratory	B-SPEC
syncytial	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
,	O
human	B-SPEC
rhinovirus	I-SPEC
,	O
human	B-SPEC
metapneumovirus	I-SPEC
,	O
human	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
(	O
OC43	O
,	O
229E	O
,	O
NL63	O
),	O
Chlamydia	B-SPEC
pneumoniae	I-SPEC
,	O
Mycoplasma	B-SPEC
pneumoniae	I-SPEC
and	O
Legionella	B-SPEC
species	B-SPEC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Modeling	O
and	O
public	O
health	O
emergency	B-DISO
responses	O
:	O
lessons	O
from	O
SARS	B-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
IBV	B-SPEC
)	O
is	O
a	O
highly	O
contagious	O
respiratory	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
of	O
domestic	O
chickens	B-SPEC
.	O

These	O
preliminary	O
data	O
provide	O
important	O
clues	O
regarding	O
potential	O
mechanisms	O
for	O
IBV	B-SPEC
tissue	B-PROC
tropism	B-PROC
and	O
spread	O
and	O
show	O
that	O
the	O
nature	O
of	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
isolate	O
influences	O
the	O
early	O
progression	O
of	O
IBV	B-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
.	O

We	O
present	O
an	O
adult	O
who	O
contracted	O
H1N1	O
infection	B-DISO
followed	O
by	O
fulminant	O
myocarditis	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenation	B-PROC
and	O
severe	O
traumatic	O
brain	B-ANAT
injury	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Resilience	O
training	O
for	O
hospital	O
workers	O
in	O
anticipation	O
of	O
an	O
influenza	B-DISO
pandemic	O
.	O

METHODS	O
:	O
The	O
intervention	O
we	O
describe	O
emerged	O
from	O
the	O
recognition	O
that	O
an	O
expected	O
influenza	B-DISO
pandemic	O
indicated	O
a	O
need	O
to	O
build	O
resilience	O
to	O
maintain	O
the	O
health	O
of	O
individuals	O
within	O
the	O
organization	O
and	O
to	O
protect	O
the	O
capacity	O
of	O
the	O
organization	O
to	O
respond	O
to	O
extraordinary	O
demands	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
RNA	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
and	O
transcription	B-PROC
complex	O
of	O
coronaviruses	O
is	O
associated	O
with	O
an	O
elaborate	O
reticulovesicular	O
network	O
(	O
RVN	O
)	O
of	O
modified	O
endoplasmic	B-COMP
reticulum	I-COMP
.	O

Sequential	O
Organ	B-ANAT
Failure	I-DISO
Assessment	O
(	O
SOFA	O
)	O
score	O
of	O
patients	O
with	O
and	O
without	O
H1N1	O
infection	B-DISO
was	O
comparable	O
;	O
7	O
.	O
8	O
±	O
3	O
.	O
5	O
and	O
6	O
.	O
6	O
±	O
3	O
.	O
1	O
on	O
day	O
1	O
and	O
7	O
.	O
2	O
±	O
4	O
.	O
5	O
and	O
6	O
.	O
5	O
±	O
3	O
.	O
1	O
on	O
day	O
3	O
,	O
respectively	O
.	O

There	O
was	O
a	O
mean	O
delay	O
of	O
5	O
.	O
7	O
±	O
3	O
.	O
1	O
days	O
in	O
initiation	O
of	O
antivirals	B-CHED
.	O

In	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
variable	O
learning	B-PROC
rate	O
has	O
been	O
demonstrated	O
for	O
training	O
artificial	O
neural	B-PROC
network	I-PROC
and	O
predicting	O
BNB	O
for	O
small	O
datasets	O
.	O

Cannulation	O
is	O
associated	O
with	O
a	O
risk	O
of	O
vascular	B-ANAT
damage	O
or	O
cardiac	B-ANAT
perforation	O
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
We	O
suggest	O
that	O
the	O
technique	O
may	O
mitigate	O
the	O
risk	O
of	O
guidewire	O
looping	O
during	O
insertion	O
of	O
the	O
dilators	O
/	O
cannula	B-SPEC
and	O
thereby	O
reduce	O
the	O
risk	O
of	O
perforation	O
of	O
the	O
right	B-ANAT
ventricle	I-ANAT
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Lessons	O
learned	B-PROC
from	O
international	O
responses	O
to	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
).	O

A	O
rapid	O
spread	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
around	O
the	O
world	O
occurred	O
at	O
its	O
onset	O
,	O
facilitated	O
greatly	O
by	O
air	B-CHED
travel	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Chronic	O
widespread	O
musculoskeletal	O
pain	O
,	O
fatigue	B-DISO
,	O
depression	B-DISO
and	O
disordered	O
sleep	B-PROC
in	O
chronic	O
post	O
-	O
SARS	O
syndrome	B-DISO
;	O
a	O
case	O
-	O
controlled	O
study	O
.	O

11	O
.	O
8	O
yrs	O
.)	O
who	O
fulfilled	O
criteria	O
for	O
fibromyalgia	B-DISO
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Chronic	O
post	O
-	O
SARS	B-DISO
is	O
characterized	O
by	O
persistent	O
fatigue	B-DISO
,	O
diffuse	O
myalgia	B-DISO
,	O
weakness	B-DISO
,	O
depression	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
nonrestorative	O
sleep	B-PROC
with	O
associated	O
REM	B-PROC
-	O
related	O
apneas	B-DISO
/	O
hypopneas	O
,	O
an	O
elevated	O
sleep	B-PROC
EEG	O
cyclical	O
alternating	O
pattern	O
,	O
and	O
alpha	O
EEG	O
sleep	B-PROC
anomaly	O
.	O

Finally	O
,	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
S	O
-	O
driven	O
cell	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
cell	B-COMP
fusion	I-PROC
was	O
independent	O
of	O
cathepsin	B-PRGE
L	I-PRGE
,	O
a	O
protease	O
essential	O
for	O
virus	B-SPEC
-	O
cell	B-PROC
fusion	I-PROC
.	O

HRCT	O
findings	O
of	O
the	O
lungs	B-ANAT
for	O
all	O
patients	O
were	O
retrospectively	O
reviewed	O
by	O
two	O
independent	O
radiologists	O
.	O

Bronchiectasis	B-DISO
was	O
not	O
seen	O
.	O

Ground	O
glass	O
opacities	B-DISO
,	O
interlobular	O
septal	O
thickening	O
and	O
consolidations	O
were	O
consistent	O
HRCT	O
manifestations	O
in	O
both	O
metapneumovirus	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
and	O
SARS	B-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Adult	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
secondary	O
to	O
H1N1	O
viral	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
has	O
been	O
a	O
worldwide	O
medical	O
and	O
organizational	O
challenge	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Three	O
hundred	O
sera	B-COMP
were	O
collected	O
from	O
horses	O
in	O
various	O
parts	O
of	O
Mongolia	O
in	O
2007	O
and	O
seroepidemiological	O
surveys	O
for	O
several	O
equine	B-SPEC
viruses	B-SPEC
performed	O
on	O
them	O
.	O

Respiratory	O
viruses	B-SPEC
were	O
detected	O
in	O
61	O
of	O
166	O
episodes	O
(	O
36	O
.	O
7	O
%).	O

For	O
this	O
to	O
occur	O
,	O
the	O
viral	B-PRGE
envelope	I-PRGE
proteins	B-CHED
must	O
be	O
efficiently	O
targeted	B-PROC
to	O
the	O
Golgi	B-COMP
region	O
of	O
the	O
secretory	B-PROC
pathway	I-PROC
.	O

Through	O
site	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
directed	I-PROC
mutagenesis	I-PROC
,	O
we	O
demonstrate	O
that	O
a	O
predicted	O
beta	O
-	O
hairpin	O
structural	O
motif	O
in	O
the	O
tail	O
is	O
sufficient	O
for	O
Golgi	B-COMP
complex	I-COMP
localization	B-PROC
of	O
a	O
reporter	O
protein	B-CHED
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Inhibition	B-PROC
of	O
Ebola	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
entry	O
by	O
a	O
C	O
-	O
peptide	B-CHED
targeted	B-PROC
to	O
endosomes	O
.	O

Infection	B-DISO
by	O
other	O
viruses	B-SPEC
employing	O
similar	O
viral	O
entry	O
mechanisms	O
(	O
such	O
as	O
HIV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
1	I-SPEC
and	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
)	O
can	O
be	O
inhibited	O
with	O
synthetic	O
peptides	B-CHED
corresponding	O
to	O
the	O
native	O
CHR	B-DISO
sequence	O
"("""	O
C	O
-	O
peptides	B-CHED
""")."	O

We	O
conducted	O
a	O
three	O
-	O
year	O
prospective	O
descriptive	O
study	O
of	O
severe	O
respiratory	O
illness	O
among	O
children	O
from	O
2	O
months	O
to	O
13	O
years	O
of	O
age	O
within	O
the	O
largest	O
referral	O
hospital	O
for	O
infectious	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
in	O
southern	O
Vietnam	O
.	O

Nasopharyngeal	O
and	O
rectal	O
swabs	O
revealed	O
pandemic	O
2009	O
(	O
H1N1	O
)	O
virus	B-SPEC
by	O
reverse	O
-	O
transcriptase	B-PROC
-	O
polymerase	O
-	O
chain	O
-	O
reaction	O
assay	O
.	O

To	O
gain	O
baseline	O
data	O
on	O
infectious	B-DISO
agents	O
in	O
this	O
area	O
,	O
including	O
those	O
with	O
zoonotic	O
potential	O
,	O
we	O
collected	O
blood	B-ANAT
and	O
stool	B-ANAT
samples	O
from	O
107	O
dogs	B-SPEC
in	O
5	O
remote	O
communities	O
in	O
May	O
and	O
September	O
2007	O
.	O

No	O
dogs	B-SPEC
showed	O
evidence	O
of	O
exposure	O
to	O
Ehrlichia	O
canis	O
,	O
Anaplasma	B-SPEC
phagocytophilum	I-SPEC
,	O
Borrelia	B-SPEC
burgdorferi	I-SPEC
,	O
Dirofilaria	B-SPEC
immitis	I-SPEC
,	O
or	O
Cryptococcus	B-SPEC
gattii	I-SPEC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Expression	B-PROC
of	O
green	B-PRGE
fluorescent	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
using	O
an	O
infectious	B-DISO
cDNA	O
clone	O
of	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
].	O

Metformin	B-CHED
was	O
approved	O
in	O
Europe	O
in	O
1957	O
,	O
and	O
it	O
is	O
used	O
for	O
the	O
treatment	O
of	O
non	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
insulin	I-DISO
-	I-DISO
dependent	I-DISO
diabetes	I-DISO
mellitus	I-DISO
for	O
more	O
than	O
50	O
years	O
.	O

It	O
is	O
a	O
rare	O
but	O
dangerous	O
metabolic	B-PROC
complication	B-DISO
with	O
a	O
mortality	O
rate	O
of	O
up	O
to	O
50	O
%	O
that	O
can	O
result	O
from	O
the	O
accumulation	O
of	O
lactates	O
.	O

It	O
is	O
characterized	O
by	O
an	O
increased	O
serum	B-COMP
lactate	B-CHED
level	O
(>	O
5	O
mmol	O
/	O
L	O
or	O
>	O
45	O
mg	O
/	O
dL	O
),	O
decreased	O
blood	B-ANAT
pH	O
(<	O
7	O
.	O
35	O
),	O
and	O
electrolyte	B-DISO
imbalance	I-DISO
with	O
an	O
increased	O
anion	B-CHED
gap	O
.	O

The	O
estimated	O
incidence	O
of	O
this	O
syndrome	B-DISO
is	O
2	O
-	O
9	O
cases	O
per	O
100	O
000	O
patients	O
.	O

Currently	O
,	O
there	O
are	O
no	O
standardized	O
guidelines	O
for	O
metformin	B-CHED
administration	O
during	O
the	O
perioperative	O
period	O
,	O
and	O
published	O
data	O
remain	O
controversial	O
.	O

Concerns	O
have	O
been	O
raised	O
for	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
metformin	B-CHED
in	O
patients	O
with	O
cardiovascular	B-ANAT
,	O
renal	B-ANAT
,	O
hepatic	B-ANAT
,	O
and	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
.	O

Overall	O
,	O
PIKA	B-PRGE
could	O
be	O
a	O
good	O
mucosal	B-ANAT
adjuvant	B-CHED
candidate	O
for	O
inactivated	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
vaccine	O
for	O
use	O
in	O
possible	O
future	O
pandemic	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Early	O
corticosteroids	B-CHED
in	O
severe	O
influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
/	O
H1N1	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
and	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Despite	O
their	O
controversial	O
role	O
,	O
corticosteroids	B-CHED
are	O
often	O
administered	O
to	O
patients	O
with	O
adult	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
secondary	O
to	O
viral	B-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
.	O

Patients	O
were	O
then	O
followed	O
for	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
ALI	O
.	O

An	O
acute	O
exacerbation	B-DISO
of	I-DISO
idiopathic	I-DISO
pulmonary	I-DISO
fibrosis	I-DISO
is	O
an	O
episode	O
of	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
worsening	O
without	O
an	O
identifiable	O
etiology	O
.	O

Four	O
of	O
forty	O
-	O
three	O
patients	O
with	O
acute	O
exacerbation	B-DISO
of	I-DISO
idiopathic	I-DISO
pulmonary	I-DISO
fibrosis	I-DISO
had	O
evidence	O
of	O
common	O
respiratory	B-DISO
viral	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
(	O
parainfluenza	B-DISO
[	O
n	O
=	O
1	O
],	O
rhinovirus	B-SPEC
[	O
n	O
=	O
2	O
],	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
[	O
n	O
=	O
1	O
]);	O
no	O
viruses	B-SPEC
were	O
detected	O
in	O
the	O
bronchoalveolar	O
lavage	O
from	O
stable	O
patients	O
.	O

TTV	B-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
was	O
significantly	O
more	O
common	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
acute	O
exacerbation	O
than	O
stable	O
controls	O
(	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
0003	O
),	O
but	O
present	O
in	O
a	O
similar	O
percentage	O
of	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
controls	O
.	O

Deep	O
sequencing	O
of	O
a	O
subset	O
of	O
acute	O
exacerbation	O
cases	O
confirmed	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
TTV	B-SPEC
but	O
did	O
not	O
identify	O
additional	O
viruses	B-SPEC
.	O

Shock	O
wave	O
pressure	O
at	O
1	O
917	O
.	O
3	O
mm	O
Hg	O
(	O
group	O
C	O
)	O
produced	O
extensive	O
contusion	O
from	O
grade	O
4	O
to	O
grade	O
5	O
as	O
assessed	O
with	O
AIS	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
rabbits	B-SPEC
survived	O
in	O
poor	O
general	O
condition	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
arterial	B-ANAT
partial	B-PROC
pressure	I-PROC
of	I-PROC
oxygen	I-PROC
(	O
PaO	B-PROC
(	O
2	O
))	O
lowered	O
within	O
6	O
hours	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Vascular	B-ANAT
endothelial	B-ANAT
growth	B-PROC
factor	I-PRGE
(	O
VEGF	B-PRGE
),	O
produced	O
by	O
feline	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
peritonitis	I-DISO
(	O
FIP	B-DISO
)	O
virus	B-SPEC
-	O
infected	O
monocytes	B-ANAT
and	O
macrophages	B-ANAT
,	O
induces	O
vascular	B-PROC
permeability	I-PROC
and	O
effusion	B-DISO
in	O
cats	B-SPEC
with	O
FIP	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
effusion	B-DISO
in	O
body	B-ANAT
cavity	I-ANAT
is	O
commonly	O
associated	O
with	O
FIP	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Development	B-PROC
and	O
validation	O
of	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
tests	O
for	O
the	O
detection	O
and	O
S1	O
genotyping	O
of	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	O
virus	B-SPEC
and	O
other	O
closely	O
related	O
gammacoronaviruses	O
within	O
clinical	O
samples	O
.	O

A	O
total	O
of	O
323	O
field	O
samples	O
were	O
tested	O
;	O
176	O
samples	O
were	O
positive	O
using	O
the	O
real	O
-	O
time	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
method	O
,	O
but	O
only	O
three	O
were	O
positive	O
by	O
virus	B-SPEC
isolation	O
.	O

This	O
method	O
was	O
developed	O
to	O
provide	O
a	O
tool	O
to	O
inform	O
vaccination	O
decisions	O
and	O
for	O
ongoing	O
surveillance	O
to	O
detect	O
new	O
and	O
emerging	O
strains	O
of	O
IBV	B-SPEC
within	O
the	O
UK	O
.	O

The	O
causes	O
of	O
death	B-PROC
were	O
MOF	B-DISO
(	O
57	O
.	O
1	O
%),	O
septic	B-DISO
shock	I-DISO
(	O
21	O
.	O
4	O
%)	O
and	O
refractory	O
hypoxaemia	O
(	O
21	O
.	O
4	O
%).	O

Learning	B-PROC
from	O
viruses	B-SPEC
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
The	O
results	O
of	O
multinomial	O
regression	O
analyses	O
showed	O
that	O
,	O
with	O
other	O
relevant	O
factors	O
controlled	O
for	O
,	O
being	O
single	O
,	O
having	O
been	O
quarantined	O
during	O
the	O
outbreak	O
,	O
having	O
been	O
exposed	O
to	O
other	O
traumatic	O
events	O
before	O
SARS	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
perceived	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
related	O
risk	O
level	O
during	O
the	O
outbreak	O
were	O
found	O
to	O
increase	O
the	O
odds	O
of	O
having	O
a	O
high	O
level	O
of	O
depressive	B-DISO
symptoms	I-DISO
3	O
years	O
later	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Infectious	B-DISO
delivery	O
and	O
long	O
-	O
term	O
persistence	O
of	O
transgene	O
expression	B-PROC
in	O
the	O
brain	B-ANAT
by	O
a	O
135	O
-	O
kb	O
iBAC	O
-	O
FXN	O
genomic	O
DNA	O
expression	O
vector	O
.	O

We	O
constructed	O
genomic	O
DNA	O
-	O
reporter	O
fusion	O
vectors	O
carrying	O
a	O
complete	O
135	O
kb	O
FXN	O
genomic	O
locus	O
with	O
an	O
insertion	O
of	O
the	O
Escherichia	B-PRGE
coli	I-PRGE
lacZ	I-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
at	O
the	O
ATG	O
start	O
codon	O
(	O
iBAC	O
-	O
FXN	B-PRGE
-	O
lacZ	B-PRGE
).	O

SHSY5Y	O
human	B-SPEC
neuroblastoma	B-DISO
cells	B-COMP
transduced	O
by	O
iBAC	O
-	O
FXN	B-PRGE
-	O
lacZ	B-PRGE
showed	O
high	O
efficiency	O
of	O
vector	O
delivery	O
and	O
LacZ	B-PRGE
expression	B-PROC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
An	O
unusual	O
case	O
of	O
neuralgic	B-DISO
amyotrophy	I-DISO
presenting	O
with	O
bilateral	O
phrenic	B-ANAT
nerve	I-ANAT
and	O
vocal	B-ANAT
cord	I-ANAT
paresis	I-DISO
.	O

A	O
55	O
-	O
year	O
-	O
old	O
male	O
presented	O
with	O
orthopnea	B-DISO
and	O
aphonia	B-DISO
after	O
an	O
episode	O
of	O
bilateral	O
shoulder	B-DISO
pain	I-DISO
preceded	O
by	O
an	O
upper	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
tract	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
.	O

An	O
electromyography	O
of	O
the	O
upper	B-ANAT
limb	I-ANAT
muscles	B-ANAT
and	O
nerve	B-PROC
conduction	B-PROC
studies	O
did	O
not	O
reveal	O
signs	O
of	O
denervation	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Overview	O
of	O
the	O
winter	O
wave	O
of	O
2009	O
pandemic	O
influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
(	O
H1N1	O
)	O
v	O
in	O
Vojvodina	O
,	O
Serbia	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
analyze	O
the	O
epidemiological	O
data	O
for	O
pandemic	O
influenza	O
A	O
(	O
H1N1	O
)	O
v	O
in	O
the	O
Autonomous	O
Province	O
of	O
Vojvodina	O
,	O
Serbia	O
,	O
during	O
the	O
season	O
of	O
2009	O
/	O
2010	O
and	O
to	O
assess	O
whether	O
including	O
severe	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
illness	O
(	O
SARI	O
)	O
hospitalization	O
data	O
to	O
the	O
surveillance	O
system	O
gives	O
a	O
more	O
complete	O
picture	O
of	O
the	O
impact	O
of	O
influenza	B-DISO
during	O
the	O
pandemic	O
.	O

From	O
September	O
2009	O
to	O
September	O
2010	O
,	O
the	O
Institute	O
of	O
Public	O
Health	O
of	O
Vojvodina	O
conducted	O
sentinel	O
surveillance	O
of	O
influenza	B-DISO
-	O
like	O
illnesses	O
and	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
infections	I-DISO
in	O
all	O
hospitalized	O
patients	O
with	O
SARI	O
and	O
virological	O
surveillance	O
of	O
population	O
of	O
Vojvodina	O
according	O
to	O
the	O
European	O
Centers	O
for	O
Disease	O
Control	O
technical	O
document	O
.	O

Nasal	B-ANAT
/	O
throat	B-ANAT
swabs	O
were	O
obtained	O
for	O
polymerase	O
chain	O
reaction	O
test	O
from	O
315	O
hospitalized	O
patients	O
and	O
20	O
non	O
-	O
hospitalized	O
patients	O
,	O
and	O
145	O
(	O
46	O
%)	O
and	O
15	O
(	O
75	O
%)	O
specimens	O
,	O
respectively	O
,	O
tested	O
positive	O
on	O
A	O
(	O
H1N1	O
)	O
v	O
.	O

Faecal	B-ANAT
samples	O
from	O
84	O
Australian	O
dairy	O
and	O
dairy	O
beef	O
properties	O
(	O
597	O
samples	O
)	O
were	O
screened	O
for	O
rotavirus	B-SPEC
and	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
using	O
real	O
-	O
time	O
reverse	B-PROC
transcription	I-PROC
polymerase	O
chain	O
reaction	O
,	O
for	O
Salmonella	B-PRGE
spp	B-ENZY
.	O

Of	O
laboratory	O
arboviral	O
infections	B-DISO
,	O
15	O
.	O
7	O
%	O
were	O
acquired	O
percutaneously	O
,	O
whereas	O
41	O
.	O
6	O
%	O
of	O
hospital	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
were	O
percutaneous	O
.	O

Using	O
a	O
newly	O
designed	O
real	O
-	O
time	O
reverse	B-PRGE
transcriptase	I-PRGE
-	O
polymerase	O
chain	O
reaction	O
assay	O
specific	O
for	O
the	O
nucleocapsid	B-COMP
(	O
N	O
)	O
gene	O
of	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
IBV	B-SPEC
)	O
and	O
turkey	B-SPEC
coronaviruses	O
(	O
TCoV	O
),	O
coronaviruses	O
were	O
identified	O
in	O
37	O
%	O
of	O
the	O
intestinal	B-ANAT
samples	O
collected	O
from	O
diseased	O
turkey	B-SPEC
flocks	O
.	O

Phylogenetic	O
analysis	O
revealed	O
that	O
both	O
the	O
NA	O
TCoV	O
and	O
French	O
TCoV	O
(	O
Fr	O
TCoV	O
)	O
lineages	O
included	O
some	O
IBV	B-SPEC
relatives	O
,	O
which	O
were	O
however	O
different	O
in	O
the	O
two	O
lineages	O
.	O

These	O
strains	O
shared	O
five	O
specific	O
amino	O
acid	O
substitutions	O
that	O
became	O
fixed	B-ANAT
during	O
the	O
period	O
of	O
surveillance	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Respiratory	O
viruses	O
may	O
persist	O
in	O
the	O
airways	O
of	O
asthmatics	B-DISO
between	O
episodes	O
of	O
clinical	O
worsening	O
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
Patients	O
with	O
clinically	O
stable	O
asthma	B-PATH
and	O
healthy	O
controls	O
have	O
similar	O
detection	O
rates	O
of	O
respiratory	O
viruses	B-SPEC
in	O
samples	O
from	O
nasopharynx	B-ANAT
,	O
sputum	B-ANAT
and	O
exhaled	B-ANAT
air	B-CHED
.	O

This	O
report	O
documents	O
a	O
confirmed	O
case	O
of	O
methicillin	B-CHED
-	O
sensitive	O
Staphylococcus	B-SPEC
aureus	I-SPEC
strain	O
harboring	O
Panton	O
-	O
Valentine	O
leukocidin	O
genes	O
from	O
Trinidad	O
and	O
Tobago	O
.	O

A	O
13	O
-	O
year	O
-	O
old	O
Trinidadian	O
boy	O
of	O
African	O
descent	O
presented	O
with	O
upper	O
respiratory	B-DISO
symptoms	I-DISO
and	O
gastroenteritis	B-DISO
-	O
like	O
syptoms	O
.	O

An	O
autopsy	O
revealed	O
multi	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
organ	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
and	O
histological	O
tissue	B-ANAT
stains	O
of	O
several	O
organs	B-ANAT
were	O
also	O
performed	O
and	O
showed	O
involvement	O
of	O
his	O
lungs	B-ANAT
,	O
liver	B-ANAT
,	O
kidneys	B-ANAT
and	O
thymus	B-SPEC
,	O
which	O
showed	O
Hassal	O
'	O
s	O
corpuscles	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Clinical	O
characteristics	O
of	O
human	B-SPEC
bocavirus	I-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
in	O
90	O
children	O
].	O

The	O
multiple	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
method	O
was	O
used	O
to	O
detect	O
HBoV	O
and	O
six	O
other	O
common	O
respiratory	B-ANAT
tract	I-ANAT
viruses	B-SPEC
.	O

Legionellosis	B-PATH
,	O
foodborne	O
diseases	O
,	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
),	O
bovine	B-DISO
spongiform	I-DISO
encephalopathy	I-DISO
(	O
BSE	B-DISO
),	O
bioterrorism	O
,	O
meningococcal	O
meningitis	B-DISO
,	I-DISO
tuberculosis	I-DISO
,	O
heat	O
waves	O
,	O
and	O
influenza	B-DISO
epidemics	O
were	O
found	O
to	O
be	O
cause	O
for	O
most	O
public	O
health	O
crises	O
.	O

Our	O
results	O
support	O
the	O
strategy	O
of	O
targeting	B-PROC
the	O
eIF4F	B-PRGE
complex	I-PRGE
to	O
block	O
coronavirus	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Acute	O
respiratory	O
illness	O
is	O
defined	O
as	O
one	O
or	O
more	O
of	O
the	O
following	O
:	O
cough	B-DISO
,	O
sputum	B-PROC
production	I-PROC
,	O
chest	B-DISO
pain	I-DISO
,	O
or	O
dyspnea	B-DISO
(	O
with	O
or	O
without	O
fever	B-PROC
).	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
In	O
the	O
Southern	O
hemisphere	O
,	O
Réunion	O
Island	O
acts	O
as	O
a	O
sentinel	O
for	O
infections	O
preferentially	O
occurring	O
during	O
the	O
austral	O
winter	O
that	O
are	O
likely	O
to	O
reach	B-PROC
the	O
Northern	O
hemisphere	O
a	O
few	O
months	O
later	O
.	O

Within	O
the	O
study	O
period	O
,	O
12	O
patients	O
died	B-PROC
(	O
48	O
%)	O
mainly	O
of	O
multi	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
organ	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
.	O

The	O
patient	O
was	O
resuscitated	O
but	O
suffered	B-DISO
septic	B-DISO
shock	I-DISO
and	O
severe	O
hypoxemia	O
refractory	O
to	O
advanced	O
mechanical	O
ventilatory	O
strategies	O
.	O

Aeromonas	B-SPEC
hydrophila	I-SPEC
was	O
isolated	O
as	O
the	O
causative	O
pathogen	O
of	O
severe	O
bilateral	B-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Phylogenetic	O
distribution	O
and	O
predominant	O
genotype	O
of	O
the	O
avian	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
bronchitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
in	O
China	O
during	O
2008	O
-	O
2009	O
.	O

To	O
learn	B-PROC
more	O
about	O
the	O
molecular	O
evolutionary	O
characteristics	O
of	O
the	O
circulating	O
field	O
strains	O
,	O
the	O
coding	O
region	O
of	O
major	O
spike	O
1	O
(	O
S1	O
)	O
protein	B-CHED
gene	O
of	O
these	O
strains	O
was	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
amplified	O
and	O
sequenced	O
.	O

Compared	O
to	O
the	O
published	O
representative	O
strains	O
,	O
nucleotides	B-CHED
and	O
amino	B-CHED
acids	I-CHED
sequence	O
analysis	O
indicated	O
that	O
the	O
S1	O
genes	O
of	O
these	O
strains	O
and	O
the	O
reference	O
strains	O
displayed	O
homologies	O
ranging	O
from	O
75	O
.	O
1	O
%	O
to	O
99	O
.	O
8	O
%	O
and	O
from	O
73	O
.	O
1	O
%	O
to	O
99	O
.	O
8	O
%	O
respectively	O
.	O

The	O
cardinal	B-SPEC
clinical	O
feature	O
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
,	O
refractory	O
arterial	B-ANAT
hypoxemia	O
,	O
is	O
the	O
result	O
of	O
protein	B-CHED
-	O
rich	O
alveolar	B-DISO
edema	I-DISO
with	O
impaired	B-DISO
surfactant	B-CHED
function	O
,	O
due	O
to	O
vascular	B-ANAT
leakage	B-DISO
and	O
vascular	B-ANAT
dysfunction	O
with	O
consequently	O
impaired	B-DISO
matching	O
of	O
ventilation	O
to	O
perfusion	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Coronavirus	B-SPEC
RNA	B-PROC
synthesis	I-PROC
is	O
a	O
sophisticated	O
process	O
performed	O
by	O
a	O
viral	O
multienzymatic	O
replicase	B-PRGE
complex	O
,	O
together	O
with	O
cellular	B-COMP
factors	O
.	O

To	O
study	O
the	O
replication	O
of	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
genome	O
,	O
six	O
monoclonal	O
antibodies	B-COMP
(	O
mAbs	O
)	O
specific	O
for	O
transmissible	O
gastroenteritis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
)	O
RdRp	B-FUNC
were	O
generated	O
and	O
characterized	O
.	O

The	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
RdRp	B-FUNC
was	O
recognized	O
by	O
these	O
mAbs	O
in	O
the	O
context	O
of	O
virus	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
by	O
immunofluorescence	O
analysis	O
and	O
Western	O
blot	O
.	O

Under	O
similar	O
conditions	O
,	O
high	O
-	O
pathogenic	O
avian	B-DISO
influenza	I-DISO
H7N1	O
was	O
the	O
most	O
resistant	O
,	O
with	O
D	O
values	O
of	O
3	O
.	O
0	O
and	O
1	O
.	O
4	O
h	O
.	O
MS2	O
was	O
more	O
resistant	O
than	O
the	O
viruses	B-SPEC
to	O
all	O
treatments	O
and	O
proved	O
to	O
be	O
a	O
suitable	O
indicator	B-CHED
of	O
viral	O
inactivation	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Respiratory	O
viruses	B-SPEC
in	O
lung	B-ANAT
transplant	B-ANAT
recipients	O
:	O
a	O
critical	O
review	O
and	O
pooled	O
analysis	O
of	O
clinical	O
studies	O
.	O

We	O
found	O
a	O
pooled	O
incidence	O
of	O
18	O
%	O
(	O
9	O
/	O
50	O
)	O
of	O
bronchiolitis	O
obliterans	O
syndrome	B-DISO
(	O
BOS	B-DISO
)	O
in	O
virus	B-SPEC
-	O
positive	O
cases	O
compared	O
to	O
11	O
.	O
6	O
%	O
(	O
37	O
/	O
319	O
)	O
in	O
virus	B-SPEC
-	O
negative	O
cases	O
;	O
however	O
,	O
limited	O
number	O
of	O
BOS	B-DISO
events	O
did	O
not	O
allow	O
to	O
confirm	O
the	O
association	O
.	O

The	O
average	O
time	O
from	O
the	O
beginning	O
of	O
influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
(	O
H1N1	O
)	O
to	O
the	O
admission	O
in	O
hospital	O
was	O
3	O
days	O
(	O
0	O
-	O
16	O
days	O
)	O
and	O
from	O
the	O
moment	O
of	O
hospitalization	O
to	O
the	O
Intensive	O
Care	O
Unit	O
(	O
ICU	O
)	O
admission	O
was	O
2	O
days	O
(	O
0	O
-	O
5	O
days	O
).	O

Antiviral	B-CHED
therapy	O
was	O
applied	O
to	O
43	O
(	O
43	O
.	O
3	O
%)	O
patients	O
in	O
the	O
first	O
48	O
hours	O
from	O
the	O
onset	O
of	O
the	O
disease	O
,	O
of	O
whom	O
only	O
one	O
(	O
3	O
.	O
4	O
)	O
developed	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

Novel	O
influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
(	O
H1N1	O
)	O
is	O
most	O
commonly	O
manifested	O
as	O
a	O
mild	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
,	O
which	O
usually	O
affects	O
young	O
healthy	O
adults	O
.	O

Children	O
with	O
a	O
higher	O
severity	O
score	O
had	O
greater	O
chance	O
to	O
develop	O
asthma	B-PATH
in	O
the	O
next	O
2	O
years	O
(	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
042	O
).	O

In	O
addition	O
,	O
measurement	O
of	O
plasma	B-COMP
membrane	I-COMP
voltage	B-FUNC
gated	I-FUNC
ion	I-FUNC
channel	I-FUNC
activity	I-FUNC
by	O
whole	O
-	O
cell	B-COMP
patch	O
clamp	O
suggested	O
that	O
E	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
was	O
not	O
present	O
in	O
the	O
plasma	B-COMP
membrane	I-COMP
.	O

A	O
topological	O
conformation	O
in	O
which	O
SARS	O
-	O
CoV	O
E	O
protein	B-CHED
amino	O
terminus	O
is	O
oriented	O
towards	O
the	O
lumen	B-ANAT
of	O
intracellular	B-COMP
membranes	B-ANAT
and	O
carboxy	B-CHED
terminus	O
faces	B-ANAT
cell	B-COMP
cytoplasm	B-COMP
is	O
proposed	O
.	O

This	O
case	O
report	O
reveals	O
a	O
patient	O
with	O
ARDS	B-DISO
secondary	O
to	O
influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
with	O
deteriorating	O
clinical	O
status	O
,	O
who	O
improved	O
tremendously	O
after	O
intravenous	O
immunoglobulin	B-PROC
G	O
(	O
IV	O
IgG	O
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Shifting	O
hierarchies	O
of	O
interleukin	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
10	I-PRGE
-	O
producing	O
T	B-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
populations	O
in	O
the	O
central	B-ANAT
nervous	B-DISO
system	I-ANAT
during	O
acute	O
and	O
persistent	O
viral	O
encephalomyelitis	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Interleukin	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
10	I-PRGE
(	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
10	I-FUNC
)	O
mRNA	B-CHED
is	O
rapidly	O
upregulated	O
in	O
the	O
central	B-ANAT
nervous	I-ANAT
system	I-ANAT
(	O
CNS	B-CHED
)	O
following	O
infection	B-DISO
with	O
neurotropic	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
and	O
remains	O
elevated	O
during	O
persistent	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
.	O

Infection	B-DISO
of	O
transgenic	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
10	I-FUNC
/	O
green	B-PRGE
fluorescent	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
(	O
GFP	O
)	O
reporter	O
mice	B-SPEC
revealed	O
that	O
CNS	B-CHED
-	O
infiltrating	B-DISO
T	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
were	O
the	O
major	O
source	O
of	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
10	I-FUNC
,	O
with	O
minimal	O
IL	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
10	I-PROC
production	I-PROC
by	O
macrophages	B-ANAT
and	O
resident	O
microglia	B-ANAT
.	O

Unlike	O
CD8	B-PRGE
(+)	O
T	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
,	O
a	O
large	O
proportion	O
of	O
CD4	B-PRGE
(+)	O
T	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
within	O
the	O
CNS	B-CHED
retained	O
IL	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
10	I-PROC
production	I-PROC
throughout	O
persistence	O
.	O

Moreover	O
,	O
a	O
shift	O
from	O
predominant	O
IL	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
10	I-PROC
production	I-PROC
by	O
CD25	B-PRGE
(+)	I-PRGE
CD4	I-PRGE
(+)	O
T	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
to	O
CD25	B-PRGE
(-)	I-PRGE
CD4	I-PRGE
(+)	O
T	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
suggests	O
that	O
a	O
transition	B-DISO
to	O
nonclassical	O
regulatory	B-ANAT
T	I-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
precedes	O
and	O
is	O
retained	O
during	O
CNS	B-CHED
viral	O
persistence	O
.	O

The	O
systematic	O
review	O
covered	O
over	O
3	O
,	O
700	O
peer	O
-	O
reviewed	O
articles	O
and	O
grey	O
literature	O
for	O
the	O
following	O
diseases	O
:	O
tuberculosis	B-PATH
,	O
influenza	B-DISO
,	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
),	O
invasive	O
meningococcal	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
,	O
measles	B-PATH
,	O
rubella	B-DISO
,	O
diphtheria	B-DISO
,	O
Ebola	O
and	O
Marburg	O
haemorrhagic	O
fevers	B-DISO
,	I-DISO
Lassa	I-DISO
fever	B-PROC
,	O
smallpox	B-DISO
and	O
anthrax	B-DISO
.	O

Using	O
PRRSV	B-SPEC
,	O
transmissible	O
gastroenteritis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
,	O
porcine	B-SPEC
epidemic	I-SPEC
diarrhea	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
,	O
pseudorabies	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
,	O
and	O
avian	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
bronchitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
as	O
coating	O
antigens	B-CHED
,	O
a	O
virus	B-SPEC
-	O
based	O
ELISA	O
was	O
established	O
.	O

During	O
chronic	B-DISO
inflammation	I-DISO
,	O
we	O
found	O
that	O
inhibiting	O
glycogen	B-PRGE
synthase	I-PRGE
kinase	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
3β	I-PRGE
activity	O
with	O
lithium	B-CHED
reduced	O
tau	B-CHED
phosphorylation	B-PROC
and	O
the	O
accumulation	O
of	O
insoluble	O
tau	B-CHED
and	O
reversed	O
memory	B-PROC
impairments	O
.	O

Taken	O
together	O
,	O
infectious	B-DISO
agents	O
that	O
trigger	O
central	B-DISO
nervous	I-DISO
system	I-DISO
inflammation	I-DISO
may	O
serve	O
as	O
a	O
comorbidity	O
for	O
AD	O
,	O
leading	O
to	O
cognitive	B-DISO
impairments	I-DISO
by	O
a	O
mechanism	O
that	O
involves	O
exacerbation	O
of	O
tau	B-CHED
pathological	O
characteristics	O
.	O

Also	O
,	O
PaO₂	B-PRGE
/	O
Fio₂	O
may	O
increase	O
when	O
Fio2	O
is	O
raised	O
from	O
moderate	O
to	O
high	O
levels	O
,	O
suggesting	O
that	O
patients	O
with	O
similar	O
PaO₂	B-PRGE
/	O
Fio₂	O
ratios	O
but	O
different	O
Fio₂	O
levels	O
have	O
different	O
risks	O
of	O
mortality	O
.	O

At	O
Acute	B-DISO
Respiratory	I-DISO
Distress	I-DISO
Syndrome	I-DISO
Network	O
hospitals	O
,	O
the	O
addition	O
of	O
baseline	O
positive	O
end	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
expiratory	I-PROC
pressure	O
would	O
not	O
have	O
increased	O
the	O
value	O
of	O
PaO₂	B-PRGE
/	O
Fio₂	O
for	O
predicting	O
mortality	O
of	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
/	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
patients	O
.	O

The	O
monomeric	O
form	O
of	O
M	O
(	O
pro	B-CHED
)	O
is	O
enzymatically	O
inactive	O
,	O
and	O
it	O
is	O
activated	O
through	O
homo	B-SPEC
-	O
dimerization	O
which	O
is	O
strongly	O
affected	O
by	O
extra	O
residues	O
to	O
both	O
ends	O
of	O
the	O
mature	O
enzyme	O
.	O

We	O
report	O
a	O
case	O
of	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
in	O
a	O
patient	O
who	O
had	O
received	O
a	O
liver	B-ANAT
transplant	B-ANAT
.	O

Following	O
transfer	O
to	O
the	O
ICU	O
,	O
continuous	O
hemodialysis	O
was	O
introduced	O
to	O
reduce	O
excessive	O
blood	B-ANAT
volume	O
.	O

ECMO	O
was	O
successfully	O
weaned	B-PROC
on	O
POD	O
88	O
.	O

LocaPep	O
is	O
a	O
computer	O
program	O
developed	O
to	O
localize	O
epitopes	O
using	O
a	O
new	O
clusters	B-CHED
algorithm	O
that	O
focuses	O
on	O
protein	B-CHED
surface	O
properties	O
.	O

Positive	O
selection	O
was	O
not	O
detected	O
and	O
mutation	O
rates	O
ranged	O
from	O
10	O
(-	O
4	O
)	O
to	O
10	O
(-	O
6	O
)	O
substitutions	O
/	O
site	O
/	O
year	O
for	O
Mass	O
and	O
Conn	O
IBV	B-SPEC
types	O
where	O
attenuated	O
live	O
vaccines	O
are	O
routinely	O
used	O
to	O
control	O
the	O
disease	O
.	O

Lower	O
levels	O
of	O
genetic	O
diversity	O
among	O
the	O
Mass	O
and	O
Conn	O
viruses	B-SPEC
as	O
well	O
as	O
sequence	O
similarities	O
with	O
vaccine	O
virus	O
genomes	O
suggest	O
that	O
the	O
origin	O
of	O
the	O
Mass	O
and	O
all	O
but	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
Conn	O
viruses	B-SPEC
was	O
likely	O
vaccine	O
virus	B-SPEC
that	O
had	O
been	O
circulating	O
in	O
the	O
field	O
for	O
an	O
unknown	O
but	O
apparently	O
short	O
period	O
of	O
time	O
.	O

The	O
genetic	O
data	O
also	O
identified	O
a	O
recombinant	O
IBV	B-SPEC
isolate	O
with	O
7	O
breakpoints	O
distributed	O
across	O
the	O
entire	O
genome	O
suggesting	O
that	O
viruses	B-SPEC
within	O
the	O
same	O
serotype	O
can	O
have	O
a	O
high	O
degree	O
of	O
genetic	O
variability	O
outside	O
of	O
the	O
spike	O
gene	O
.	O

When	O
expressed	B-PROC
in	O
Xenopus	B-SPEC
oocytes	B-ANAT
the	O
protein	B-CHED
forms	O
channels	O
.	O

Based	O
on	O
bioinformatics	O
approaches	O
the	O
topology	O
has	O
been	O
identified	O
to	O
include	O
three	O
transmembrane	B-COMP
domains	O
(	O
TMDs	O
).	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
(	O
ALI	O
)	O
and	O
its	O
more	O
severe	O
form	O
,	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
distress	O
syndrome	O
,	O
are	O
complex	O
illnesses	O
involving	O
the	O
interplay	O
of	O
both	O
environmental	O
(	O
such	O
as	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
)	O
and	O
genetic	O
factors	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Cultivation	O
of	O
the	O
bovine	B-SPEC
coronavirus	B-SPEC
strain	O
ARRHIAH	O
in	O
the	O
continuous	O
RBT	O
versus	O
MDBK	O
and	O
Taurus	O
cell	B-COMP
cultures	O
made	O
it	O
possible	O
to	O
reduce	O
the	O
time	O
taken	O
to	O
reproduce	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
and	O
to	O
increase	O
its	O
hemagglutination	B-PROC
titer	O
.	O

Evaluation	O
of	O
the	O
method	O
showed	O
that	O
the	O
test	O
is	O
specific	O
to	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
NL63	I-SPEC
and	O
that	O
it	O
does	O
not	O
cross	O
-	O
react	O
with	O
other	O
respiratory	O
viruses	B-SPEC
.	O

The	O
viral	B-PRGE
RNA	I-PRGE
replicase	I-PRGE
polyproteins	I-PRGE
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
are	O
encoded	O
by	O
the	O
two	O
overlapping	O
open	O
reading	O
frames	O
1a	O
and	O
1b	O
,	O
which	O
are	O
connected	O
by	O
a	O
-	O
1	O
PRF	O
signal	O
.	O

Treatment	O
of	O
cells	B-COMP
,	O
which	O
were	O
transfected	O
with	O
a	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
replicon	I-PRGE
expressing	I-PRGE
firefly	I-PRGE
luciferase	I-PRGE
,	O
with	O
the	O
PNA	B-CHED
fused	O
to	O
a	O
cell	B-COMP
-	O
penetrating	O
peptide	B-CHED
(	O
CPP	O
)	O
resulted	O
in	O
suppression	B-DISO
of	O
the	O
replication	O
of	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
replicon	O
,	O
with	O
a	O
50	O
%	O
inhibitory	O
concentration	O
of	O
4	O
.	O
4μM	O
.	O
There	O
was	O
no	O
induction	O
of	O
type	B-PRGE
I	I-PRGE
interferon	I-PRGE
responses	O
by	O
PNA	B-CHED
treatment	O
,	O
suggesting	O
that	O
the	O
effect	O
of	O
PNA	B-CHED
is	O
not	O
due	O
to	O
innate	B-DISO
immune	I-DISO
responses	I-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Detection	O
of	O
viruses	B-SPEC
in	O
used	O
ventilation	O
filters	O
from	O
two	O
large	O
public	O
buildings	O
.	O

Representative	O
pieces	O
of	O
each	O
filter	O
were	O
cut	O
and	O
eluted	O
with	O
a	O
buffer	B-CHED
solution	O
.	O

Attempts	O
were	O
made	O
to	O
detect	O
viruses	B-SPEC
by	O
inoculation	O
of	O
these	O
eluates	O
in	O
cell	B-COMP
cultures	O
(	O
Vero	O
,	O
MDCK	O
,	O
and	O
RK	O
-	O
13	O
)	O
and	O
specific	O
pathogen	O
-	O
free	O
embryonated	O
chicken	B-SPEC
eggs	O
.	O

These	O
findings	O
indicate	O
that	O
existing	O
building	O
HVAC	O
filters	O
may	O
be	O
used	O
as	O
a	O
method	O
of	O
detection	O
for	O
airborne	O
viruses	B-SPEC
.	O

In	O
case	O
of	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
,	O
non	O
-	O
invasive	O
ventilation	O
is	O
the	O
preferred	O
mode	O
of	O
ventilatory	O
support	O
because	O
invasive	O
ventilation	O
is	O
associated	O
with	O
poor	O
outcomes	O
.	O

Pigs	B-SPEC
experimentally	O
infected	O
with	O
the	O
34th	O
-	O
or	O
61st	O
-	O
passaged	O
virus	B-SPEC
,	O
but	O
not	O
the	O
100th	O
-	O
passaged	O
virus	O
,	O
exhibited	O
diarrhea	B-DISO
,	O
indicating	O
an	O
attenuation	O
of	O
the	O
83P	O
-	O
5	O
at	O
the	O
100th	O
passage	O
.	O

This	O
increase	O
in	O
activity	O
correlates	O
with	O
the	O
activation	O
of	O
ERK	O
and	O
JNK	B-PROC
pathways	I-PROC
.	O

Furthermore	O
,	O
3b	O
expression	B-PROC
potentiates	O
AP	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
driven	I-PRGE
promoter	I-PRGE
activity	I-PRGE
of	I-PRGE
proinflammatory	I-PRGE
cytokine	I-PRGE
MCP	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
,	O
suggesting	O
a	O
plausible	O
role	O
for	O
3b	O
as	O
a	O
virulence	B-PROC
factor	O
that	O
might	O
function	O
by	O
upregulating	O
AP	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
-	O
dependent	O
cytokine	O
levels	O
in	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
CoV	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
.	O

We	O
have	O
previously	O
reported	O
that	O
ADAM17	B-PRGE
is	O
able	O
to	O
mediate	O
the	O
cleavage	B-PROC
secretion	B-PROC
of	O
the	O
ectodomain	O
of	O
human	B-SPEC
angiotensin	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
converting	I-PRGE
enzyme	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
(	O
ACE2	B-PRGE
),	O
a	O
functional	O
receptor	O
for	O
the	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
.	O

Prior	O
studies	O
using	O
recombinant	O
MHV	B-SPEC
strains	O
that	O
differ	O
only	O
in	O
the	O
spike	O
gene	O
,	O
which	O
encodes	O
a	O
glycoprotein	B-CHED
involved	O
in	O
virus	B-SPEC
-	O
host	O
cell	B-COMP
attachment	I-COMP
,	O
demonstrated	O
that	O
spike	O
mediates	O
anterograde	B-PROC
axonal	I-PROC
transport	I-PROC
of	O
virus	B-SPEC
to	O
the	O
spinal	B-ANAT
cord	I-ANAT
.	O

A	O
demyelinating	O
MHV	B-SPEC
strain	O
induces	O
optic	B-DISO
neuritis	I-DISO
,	O
but	O
whether	O
this	O
is	O
due	O
to	O
the	O
retrograde	B-PROC
axonal	I-PROC
transport	I-PROC
of	O
viral	B-COMP
particles	I-COMP
to	O
the	O
retina	B-ANAT
or	O
due	O
to	O
traumatic	O
disruption	O
of	O
retinal	B-ANAT
ganglion	B-DISO
cell	B-COMP
axons	B-COMP
during	O
intracranial	B-ANAT
inoculation	O
is	O
not	O
known	O
.	O

Using	O
recombinant	O
isogenic	O
MHV	B-SPEC
strains	O
,	O
we	O
examined	O
the	O
ability	O
of	O
recombinant	O
MHV	B-SPEC
to	O
induce	O
optic	B-DISO
neuritis	I-DISO
by	O
retrograde	O
spread	O
from	O
the	O
brain	B-ANAT
through	O
the	O
optic	B-ANAT
nerve	I-ANAT
into	O
the	O
eye	B-ANAT
after	O
intracranial	B-ANAT
inoculation	O
.	O

In	O
multivariate	O
analysis	O
,	O
patients	O
with	O
ARDS	B-DISO
and	O
the	O
del	O
/	O
del	O
genotype	O
also	O
had	O
increased	O
60	O
day	O
mortality	O
(	O
HR	O
1	O
.	O
54	O
,	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
1	O
.	O
01	O
-	O
2	O
.	O
36	O
)	O
and	O
more	O
severe	O
daily	O
organ	B-ANAT
dysfunction	O
(	O
P	O
<.	O
001	O
)	O
when	O
compared	O
to	O
ARDS	B-DISO
patients	O
with	O
other	O
genotypes	O
.	O

The	O
inhibitory	O
effect	O
of	O
LiCl	O
against	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
and	O
transcription	B-PROC
was	O
confirmed	O
by	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
and	O
real	O
-	O
time	O
PCR	O
targeting	B-PROC
viral	O
S	O
and	O
3CL	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
protease	I-PRGE
genes	I-PRGE
.	O

The	O
time	O
-	O
of	O
-	O
addition	O
effect	O
of	O
the	O
drug	O
on	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
indicated	O
that	O
LiCl	B-CHED
acted	O
on	O
the	O
initial	O
and	O
late	O
stage	O
of	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
.	O

Moreover	O
,	O
immunofluorescence	O
(	O
IF	O
)	O
and	O
flow	O
cytometry	O
analyses	O
based	O
on	O
staining	O
of	O
Annexin	B-PRGE
V	I-PRGE
and	O
propidium	B-CHED
iodide	I-CHED
staining	O
of	O
nuclei	B-CHED
indicated	O
that	O
early	O
and	O
late	O
cell	B-COMP
apoptosis	B-PATH
induced	O
by	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
was	O
inhibited	O
efficiently	O
.	O

17	O
pigs	B-SPEC
,	O
in	O
which	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
(	O
ALI	O
)	O
was	O
induced	O
by	O
saline	O
lavage	O
,	O
were	O
studied	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Six	O
years	O
have	O
passed	O
since	O
the	O
outbreak	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Protocol	O
for	O
recombinant	O
RBD	O
-	O
based	O
SARS	B-DISO
vaccines	O
:	O
protein	B-CHED
preparation	O
,	O
animal	B-SPEC
vaccination	O
and	O
neutralization	O
detection	O
.	O

Compared	O
with	O
the	O
lipid	B-CHED
transfection	B-PROC
method	O
,	O
this	O
modified	O
calcium	B-CHED
phosphate	I-CHED
transfection	B-PROC
method	O
is	O
cheaper	O
,	O
easier	O
to	O
handle	O
,	O
and	O
has	O
the	O
potential	O
to	O
reach	B-PROC
high	O
efficacy	O
once	O
a	O
transfection	B-PROC
complex	O
with	O
suitable	O
size	O
and	O
shape	O
is	O
formed	O
.	O

This	O
assay	O
is	O
relatively	O
safe	O
,	O
does	O
not	O
involve	O
an	O
infectious	B-DISO
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
,	O
and	O
can	O
be	O
performed	O
without	O
the	O
requirement	O
of	O
a	O
biosafety	O
-	O
3	O
laboratory	O
.	O

The	O
protocol	O
described	O
here	O
can	O
also	O
be	O
used	O
to	O
design	O
and	O
study	O
recombinant	O
subunit	O
vaccines	O
against	O
other	O
viruses	B-SPEC
with	O
class	B-PRGE
I	I-PRGE
fusion	I-PRGE
proteins	B-CHED
,	O
for	O
example	O
,	O
HIV	B-DISO
,	O
respiratory	B-SPEC
syncytial	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
RSV	B-SPEC
),	O
Ebola	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
,	O
influenza	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
Nipah	O
and	O
Handra	O
viruses	B-SPEC
.	O

In	O
addition	O
,	O
the	O
methods	O
for	O
generating	O
a	O
pseudovirus	O
and	O
subsequently	O
establishing	O
a	O
pseudovirus	O
neutralization	O
assay	O
can	O
be	O
applied	O
to	O
all	O
these	O
viruses	B-SPEC
.	O

Thus	O
,	O
small	O
molecules	O
interacting	O
with	O
high	O
affinity	O
and	O
selectivity	O
with	O
the	O
RNA	O
pseudoknot	O
in	O
the	O
-	O
1	O
RF	O
site	O
of	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
(	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
pseudoknot	I-PRGE
)	O
would	O
disrupt	O
-	O
1	O
RF	O
and	O
be	O
fatal	O
to	O
viral	O
infectivity	O
and	O
production	O
.	O

Findings	O
indicate	O
a	O
strong	O
correlation	O
between	O
the	O
scale	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
infections	B-DISO
and	O
level	O
of	O
rumour	O
activities	O
across	O
regions	O
.	O

Our	O
particular	O
typology	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
incurred	O
rumours	O
leads	O
us	O
to	O
identify	O
four	O
distinct	O
types	O
of	O
rumours	O
:	O
legendary	O
rumours	O
;	O
aetiological	O
narratives	O
;	O
proto	O
-	O
memorates	O
;	O
and	O
bogies	O
.	O

5H10	O
has	O
potential	O
for	O
use	O
in	O
prevention	O
and	O
treatment	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
if	O
it	O
reemerges	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Clinical	O
course	O
of	O
ICU	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
pandemic	O
2009	O
influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
(	O
H1N1	O
)	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
:	O
single	O
center	O
experience	O
with	O
proning	O
and	O
pressure	O
release	O
ventilation	O
.	O

A	O
single	O
intensive	O
care	O
unit	O
(	O
ICU	O
)	O
experience	O
with	O
management	O
of	O
laboratory	O
-	O
confirmed	O
2009	O
pandemic	O
influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
(	O
H1N1	O
)	O
ARDS	B-DISO
with	O
a	O
combination	O
of	O
proning	O
and	O
airway	B-ANAT
pressure	O
release	B-PATH
ventilation	O
(	O
APRV	O
)	O
is	O
described	O
.	O

Following	O
proning	O
in	O
patients	O
on	O
APRV	O
,	O
improvement	O
of	O
hypoxemia	O
and	O
hemodynamic	B-PROC
status	O
was	O
achieved	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Ultrastructure	O
of	O
Felis	B-SPEC
catus	I-SPEC
whole	O
fetus	B-ANAT
(	O
Fcwf	O
-	O
4	O
)	O
cell	B-COMP
culture	O
following	O
infection	B-DISO
with	O
feline	B-SPEC
coronavirus	B-SPEC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Feline	B-SPEC
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
FCoV	O
)	O
consists	O
of	O
two	O
biotypes	O
based	O
on	O
their	O
growth	B-PROC
in	O
cell	B-COMP
culture	O
and	O
their	O
antigenicity	O
.	O

The	O
current	O
study	O
shows	O
that	O
novel	O
DNA	O
vaccines	O
delivered	O
by	O
attenuated	O
S	O
.	O
Typhimurium	O
may	O
be	O
promising	O
candidates	O
for	O
the	O
prevention	O
of	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
(	O
IB	O
).	O
These	O
vaccines	O
are	O
efficacious	O
,	O
easily	O
produced	O
economically	O
,	O
and	O
able	O
to	O
be	O
delivered	O
orally	B-ANAT
and	O
nasally	O
rather	O
than	O
injected	O
.	O

The	O
discovery	O
of	O
a	O
protein	B-CHED
distinct	O
from	O
a	O
viral	O
RdRp	B-FUNC
that	O
regulates	O
replication	O
fidelity	O
also	O
raises	O
the	O
possibility	O
that	O
RNA	O
genome	O
replication	O
fidelity	O
may	O
be	O
adaptable	O
to	O
differing	O
replication	O
environments	O
and	O
selective	O
pressures	O
,	O
rather	O
than	O
being	O
a	O
fixed	B-ANAT
determinant	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Identification	O
and	O
characterization	O
of	O
a	O
neutralizing	O
-	O
epitope	B-CHED
-	O
containing	O
spike	O
protein	B-CHED
fragment	O
in	O
turkey	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
.	O

It	O
raises	O
unanswered	O
questions	O
regarding	O
when	O
,	O
if	O
ever	O
,	O
careproviders	O
should	O
provide	O
active	O
euthanasia	O
to	O
patients	O
who	O
are	O
incompetent	O
,	O
and	O
when	O
,	O
if	O
ever	O
,	O
careproviders	O
should	O
give	O
their	O
own	O
food	O
and	O
water	B-CHED
to	O
patients	O
or	O
others	O
who	O
may	O
otherwise	O
soon	O
die	O
without	O
them	O
.	O

IL	O
-	O
1β	O
,	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
6	I-FUNC
,	O
and	O
IL	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
10	I-PRGE
mRNA	B-PROC
expression	B-PROC
in	O
rat	B-SPEC
lungs	B-ANAT
was	O
measured	O
quantitatively	O
by	O
the	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
method	O
and	O
confirmed	O
by	O
morphometric	O
studies	O
of	O
the	O
lungs	B-ANAT
.	O

Compared	O
with	O
untreated	O
rats	B-SPEC
,	O
the	O
lungs	B-ANAT
of	O
rats	B-SPEC
treated	O
with	O
DCQD	O
showed	O
significantly	O
lower	O
levels	O
of	O
proinflammatory	O
cytokine	B-PRGE
IL	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
1β	I-PRGE
and	O
IL	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
6	I-PRGE
mRNA	B-CHED
.	O

DCQD	O
has	O
good	O
prospects	O
in	O
the	O
treatment	O
for	O
SAP	O
because	O
it	O
did	O
shorten	O
the	O
average	O
time	O
that	O
patients	O
suffered	B-DISO
ARDS	B-DISO
in	O
the	O
clinic	O
.	O

First	O
,	O
the	O
effects	O
of	O
blocking	B-DISO
the	O
potential	O
receptor	O
(	O
s	O
)	O
were	O
studied	O
for	O
the	O
processes	O
of	O
attachment	O
and	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Mixed	O
virus	B-SPEC
infections	B-DISO
can	O
cause	O
livestock	O
losses	O
that	O
are	O
more	O
devastating	O
than	O
those	O
caused	O
by	O
single	O
virus	B-SPEC
infections	B-DISO
.	O

This	O
speciation	O
was	O
later	O
confirmed	O
by	O
16S	B-PRGE
RNA	I-PRGE
gene	B-DISO
amplification	I-DISO
.	O

Multiple	O
low	O
micromolar	O
inhibitors	B-CHED
of	O
the	O
enzyme	O
were	O
identified	O
through	O
this	O
search	O
,	O
one	O
of	O
which	O
also	O
showed	O
activity	O
against	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
in	O
a	O
whole	O
cell	B-COMP
CPE	O
assay	O
.	O

Because	O
it	O
has	O
been	O
proposed	O
that	O
the	O
immune	B-ANAT
system	I-ANAT
is	O
stimulated	O
by	O
alarm	O
signals	O
called	O
damage	O
-	O
associated	O
molecular	O
patterns	O
or	O
alarmins	O
,	O
we	O
investigated	O
the	O
participation	O
of	O
uric	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
and	O
high	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
mobility	I-PRGE
group	I-PRGE
box	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
(	O
HMGB1	B-PRGE
)	O
in	O
the	O
autoimmune	B-DISO
response	I-DISO
elicited	O
by	O
mouse	B-DISO
hepatitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
MHV	B-SPEC
).	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Pneumonia	O
is	O
still	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
most	O
frequent	O
causes	O
of	O
death	B-PROC
in	O
the	O
elderly	O
.	O

Serum	B-COMP
sES	O
levels	O
were	O
measured	O
in	O
27	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
patients	O
,	O
who	O
were	O
enrolled	O
between	O
April	O
2006	O
and	O
September	O
2007	O
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
sES	B-PRGE
may	O
be	O
a	O
useful	O
biomarker	B-CHED
for	O
discriminating	O
complicating	O
ALI	O
/	O
cALI	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Role	O
of	O
proteases	O
in	O
the	O
release	B-PATH
of	O
porcine	B-SPEC
epidemic	I-SPEC
diarrhea	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
from	O
infected	O
cells	B-COMP
.	O

However	O
,	O
the	O
potential	O
role	O
of	O
proteases	O
in	O
the	O
infection	B-DISO
process	O
remains	O
unclear	O
.	O

In	O
order	B-SPEC
to	O
explore	O
this	O
,	O
we	O
used	O
two	O
different	O
approaches	O
:	O
we	O
infected	O
either	O
Vero	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
in	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
trypsin	B-PRGE
or	O
Vero	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
that	O
constitutively	O
express	O
the	O
membrane	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
associated	I-PRGE
protease	I-PRGE
TMPRSS2	I-PRGE
(	O
Vero	O
/	O
TMPRSS2	O
cells	B-COMP
).	O

When	O
infected	O
Vero	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
were	O
cultured	O
for	O
3	O
days	O
in	O
the	O
absence	O
of	O
trypsin	O
but	O
were	O
then	O
treated	O
transiently	O
with	O
trypsin	B-PRGE
,	O
infectious	B-DISO
viruses	B-SPEC
were	O
immediately	O
released	O
from	O
infected	O
cells	B-COMP
.	O

Thus	O
,	O
the	O
present	O
study	O
indicates	O
that	O
proteases	O
play	O
an	O
important	O
role	O
in	O
the	O
release	B-PATH
of	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
virions	B-COMP
clustered	O
on	O
cells	B-COMP
after	O
replication	O
occurs	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Characterization	O
of	O
splenic	B-ANAT
cells	B-COMP
during	O
the	O
early	O
phase	O
of	O
infection	B-DISO
with	O
neuropathogenic	O
mouse	B-SPEC
hepatitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
.	O

The	O
population	O
of	O
viral	O
antigen	B-CHED
-	O
positive	O
splenic	B-ANAT
cells	B-COMP
was	O
only	O
slightly	O
higher	O
in	O
cl	O
-	O
2	O
infection	B-DISO
than	O
in	O
srr7	O
infection	B-DISO
,	O
but	O
the	O
cells	B-COMP
showing	O
viral	O
production	O
were	O
present	O
in	O
numbers	O
significantly	O
higher	O
in	O
cl	O
-	O
2	O
infection	B-DISO
compared	O
with	O
srr7	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Long	O
-	O
term	O
extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenation	B-PROC
with	O
minimal	O
ventilatory	O
support	O
:	O
a	O
new	O
paradigm	O
for	O
severe	O
ARDS	O
?	O

We	O
report	O
the	O
case	O
of	O
a	O
patient	O
with	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
tuberculosis	B-PATH
and	O
severe	O
ARDS	B-DISO
(	O
PaO2	O
/	O
FiO2	O
<	O
100	O
mmHg	O
)	O
who	O
was	O
initially	O
managed	O
with	O
advanced	O
up	O
-	O
to	O
-	O
date	O
treatments	O
(	O
protective	O
ventilation	O
and	O
extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenation	B-PROC
,	O
ECMO	O
)	O
but	O
failed	O
to	O
improve	O
.	O

On	O
the	O
other	O
hand	O
,	O
current	O
scientific	O
evidence	O
supports	O
a	O
link	O
between	O
VILI	O
and	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
extrapulmonary	O
organ	B-ANAT
dysfunction	O
,	O
similar	O
to	O
how	O
most	O
severe	O
cases	O
of	O
sepsis	B-DISO
are	O
clinically	O
manifested	O
.	O

In	O
addition	O
,	O
functional	O
genomics	O
approaches	O
using	O
a	O
gene	O
array	O
methodology	O
to	O
measure	O
lung	B-ANAT
gene	B-PROC
expression	I-PROC
have	O
identified	O
differential	O
patterns	O
of	O
gene	B-PROC
expression	I-PROC
in	O
animal	B-SPEC
models	O
of	O
VILI	O
,	O
similar	O
to	O
those	O
gene	O
pathways	B-PROC
activated	O
during	O
experimental	O
and	O
clinical	B-DISO
sepsis	I-DISO
.	O

In	O
this	O
line	O
of	O
thought	O
,	O
we	O
hypothesize	O
that	O
injurious	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
could	O
be	O
responsible	O
for	O
the	O
perpetuation	O
and	O
worsening	O
of	O
sepsis	B-DISO
in	O
some	O
patients	O
and	O
for	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
a	O
sepsis	B-DISO
-	O
like	O
syndrome	B-DISO
in	O
others	O
.	O

One	O
hundred	O
and	O
four	O
patients	O
(	O
15	O
-	O
96	O
years	O
)	O
with	O
laboratory	O
-	O
confirmed	O
pH1N1	O
infection	B-DISO
seen	O
at	O
the	O
Emergency	B-DISO
Department	O
from	O
July	O
to	O
December	O
2009	O
who	O
underwent	O
chest	B-ANAT
radiographs	O
were	O
studied	O
.	O

Initial	O
chest	B-ANAT
radiographs	O
show	O
acute	O
abnormalities	O
in	O
all	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
disease	O
.	O

These	O
results	O
suggest	O
that	O
kidney	O
transplantation	O
from	O
HBcAb	O
-	O
positive	O
donors	O
is	O
safe	O
with	O
a	O
low	O
rate	O
of	O
HBV	B-DISO
transmission	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Outbreaks	O
of	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
,	O
influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
(	O
H5N1	B-DISO
,	O
H1N1	O
)	O
and	O
measles	B-PATH
viruses	B-SPEC
in	O
recent	O
years	O
have	O
raised	O
serious	O
concerns	O
about	O
the	O
measures	O
available	O
to	O
control	O
emerging	O
and	O
re	O
-	O
emerging	O
infectious	B-DISO
viral	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
.	O

Starting	O
from	O
a	O
Pplat	O
/	O
positive	O
end	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
expiratory	I-PROC
pressure	O
(	O
PEEP	B-CHED
)	O
of	O
40	O
/	O
25	O
,	O
we	O
sequentially	O
increased	O
airway	B-ANAT
pressure	O
in	O
5	O
cmH	B-DISO
(	O
2	O
)	O
O	O
steps	O
until	O
a	O
PaO	B-PROC
(	O
2	O
)/	O
FiO	O
(	O
2	O
)	O
of	O
350	O
mmHg	O
or	O
a	O
Pplat	O
/	O
PEEP	B-CHED
of	O
60	O
/	O
40	O
cmH	B-DISO
(	O
2	O
)	O
O	O
was	O
reached	O
.	O

The	O
respiratory	B-PROC
mechanics	I-PROC
and	O
hemodynamics	B-PROC
were	O
monitored	O
at	O
each	O
phase	O
and	O
during	O
the	O
two	O
-	O
hour	O
follow	O
-	O
up	O
.	O

Two	O
hours	O
after	O
the	O
RM	O
,	O
the	O
PaO	B-PRGE
(	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
)/	I-PRGE
FiO	I-PRGE
(	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
)	I-PRGE
was	O
higher	O
than	O
at	O
baseline	O
(	O
187	O
±	O
102	O
versus	O
339	O
±	O
136	O
mmHg	O
,	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
001	O
).	O

Both	O
foals	O
required	O
whole	B-ANAT
blood	I-ANAT
transfusions	O
,	O
and	O
were	O
treated	O
with	O
the	O
antimicrobial	B-CHED
combination	O
of	O
rifampin	B-CHED
and	O
a	O
macrolide	B-CHED
(	O
eg	O
,	O
clarithromycin	B-CHED
,	O
erythromycin	B-CHED
,	O
or	O
azithromycin	B-CHED
).	O

Both	O
foals	O
survived	O
,	O
and	O
required	O
prolonged	O
antimicrobial	B-CHED
therapy	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Autoimmune	B-DISO
hepatitis	I-DISO
-	O
like	O
disease	O
in	O
C57BL	O
/	O
6	O
mice	B-SPEC
infected	O
with	O
mouse	B-DISO
hepatitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
A59	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
the	O
adjuvant	B-CHED
did	O
not	O
expand	O
the	O
time	O
of	O
the	O
symptoms	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Most	O
patients	O
infected	O
with	O
highly	O
pathogenic	O
avian	O
influenza	B-DISO
A	I-DISO
/	I-DISO
H5N1	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
develop	O
severe	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
resulting	O
in	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
,	O
with	O
extrarespiratory	O
disease	O
as	O
an	O
uncommon	O
complication	B-DISO
.	O

In	O
the	O
present	O
study	O
,	O
we	O
characterized	O
lesions	O
in	O
the	O
respiratory	B-ANAT
tract	I-ANAT
and	O
central	B-ANAT
nervous	I-ANAT
system	I-ANAT
(	O
CNS	B-CHED
)	O
of	O
ferrets	B-SPEC
(	O
n	O
=	O
8	O
)	O
inoculated	O
intranasally	O
with	O
influenza	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
A	O
/	O
Indonesia	O
/	O
5	O
/	O
2005	O
(	O
H5N1	B-DISO
).	O

These	O
findings	O
indicate	O
that	O
influenza	B-DISO
A	I-DISO
/	I-DISO
H5N1	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
spread	O
directly	O
from	O
nasal	B-ANAT
cavity	I-ANAT
to	O
brain	B-ANAT
,	O
and	O
that	O
CNS	B-DISO
lesions	I-DISO
contributed	O
more	O
than	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
lesions	O
to	O
the	O
pathogenicity	O
of	O
influenza	B-DISO
A	I-DISO
/	I-DISO
H5N1	I-DISO
virus	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
in	O
ferrets	B-SPEC
.	O

Pathologically	O
ARDS	B-DISO
is	O
characterised	O
by	O
diffuse	B-DISO
alveolar	I-DISO
damage	I-DISO
,	O
alveolar	B-ANAT
capillary	B-ANAT
leakage	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
protein	B-CHED
rich	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
oedema	I-DISO
leading	O
to	O
the	O
clinical	O
manifestation	O
of	O
poor	O
lung	B-PROC
compliance	I-PROC
,	O
severe	O
hypoxaemia	O
,	O
and	O
bilateral	O
infiltrates	B-DISO
on	O
chest	B-ANAT
radiograph	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Delayed	O
acute	O
abdominal	O
compartment	O
syndrome	O
(	O
ACS	B-FUNC
)	O
due	O
to	O
retroperitoneal	B-ANAT
bleeding	B-DISO
is	O
rare	O
.	O

Abdominal	B-ANAT
computed	O
tomography	O
(	O
CT	O
)	O
was	O
normal	O
on	O
admission	O
.	O

The	O
abdomen	B-ANAT
was	O
temporarily	O
closed	O
using	O
saline	O
IV	O
bags	O
sandwiched	O
between	O
two	O
layers	B-ANAT
of	O
Steri	B-SPEC
-	O
Drape	O
.	O

Life	O
-	O
threatening	O
delayed	O
retroperitoneal	B-ANAT
bleeding	B-DISO
may	O
occur	O
suddenly	O
two	O
weeks	O
after	O
trauma	O
causing	O
ACS	B-FUNC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Host	B-COMP
and	O
viral	O
ecology	O
determine	O
bat	B-ENZY
rabies	B-DISO
seasonality	O
and	O
maintenance	O
.	O

Patients	O
with	O
cardiopulmonary	B-ANAT
comorbidities	O
and	O
acute	O
GBS	B-DISO
-	O
like	O
onset	O
of	O
CIDP	B-DISO
may	O
be	O
at	O
higher	O
risk	O
of	O
ventilatory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
which	O
typically	O
responds	O
to	O
'	O
standard	O
'	O
treatments	O
of	O
CIDP	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Viral	O
-	O
bacterial	O
co	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
in	O
Australian	O
Indigenous	O
children	O
with	O
acute	B-DISO
otitis	I-DISO
media	I-DISO
.	O

A	O
total	O
of	O
366	O
nasopharyngeal	B-ANAT
swabs	O
from	O
114	O
Indigenous	O
children	O
were	O
retrospectively	O
examined	O
.	O

Histopathological	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
FHV	O
-	O
1	O
dermatitis	B-DISO
is	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
detection	O
of	O
the	O
intranuclear	B-COMP
inclusion	I-COMP
bodies	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
the	O
epidemiological	O
data	O
regarding	O
the	O
MS	O
occurrence	O
rate	O
following	O
herpes	B-DISO
zoster	I-DISO
are	O
still	O
scanty	O
.	O

It	O
should	O
be	O
remembered	O
that	O
close	O
collaboration	O
is	O
required	O
with	O
the	O
haematology	O
department	O
,	O
particularly	O
in	O
those	O
patients	O
with	O
respiratory	B-DISO
distress	I-DISO
or	O
stroke	B-DISO
,	O
so	O
that	O
prompt	O
arrangements	O
can	O
be	O
made	O
if	O
exchange	O
transfusion	O
is	O
required	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Enteral	O
nutrition	B-PROC
(	O
EN	O
)	O
with	O
eicosapentaenoic	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
(	O
EPA	B-CHED
)/	O
γ	O
-	O
linolenic	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
(	O
GLA	B-CHED
)	O
is	O
recommended	O
for	O
mechanically	O
ventilated	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
.	O

Patients	O
were	O
continuously	O
tube	O
-	O
fed	O
at	O
a	O
minimum	O
of	O
75	O
%	O
of	O
basal	O
energy	B-PROC
expenditure	I-PROC
×	O
1	O
.	O
3	O
.	O

The	O
ITT	O
analysis	O
demonstrated	O
that	O
patients	O
in	O
the	O
study	O
group	O
developed	O
cardiovascular	B-ANAT
failure	O
(	O
36	O
.	O
2	O
%	O
versus	O
21	O
%,	O
respectively	O
;	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
0381	O
)	O
and	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
(	O
39	O
.	O
6	O
%	O
versus	O
24	O
.	O
6	O
%,	O
respectively	O
;	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
0362	O
)	O
less	O
often	O
than	O
the	O
control	O
group	O
.	O

Sometimes	O
,	O
the	O
pericardial	O
effusion	O
can	O
be	O
easily	O
related	O
to	O
a	O
known	O
underlying	O
disease	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
acute	B-DISO
myocardial	I-DISO
infarction	I-DISO
,	O
cardiac	B-ANAT
surgery	O
,	O
end	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
stage	I-DISO
renal	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
or	O
widespread	O
metastatic	B-DISO
neoplasm	I-DISO
.	O

Patients	O
with	O
chronic	O
massive	O
idiopathic	O
pericardial	B-DISO
effusion	I-DISO
should	O
also	O
be	O
submitted	O
to	O
pericardial	B-ANAT
drainage	B-ANAT
because	O
of	O
the	O
risk	O
of	O
developing	O
unexpected	O
tamponade	O
.	O

Purulent	B-DISO
pericarditis	I-DISO
should	O
be	O
drained	O
surgically	O
,	O
usually	O
through	O
subxiphoid	O
pericardiotomy	O
.	O

Massive	O
chronic	O
idiopathic	O
pericardial	B-DISO
effusions	I-DISO
do	O
not	O
respond	O
to	O
medical	O
treatment	O
and	O
tend	O
to	O
recur	O
after	O
pericardiocentesis	O
,	O
so	O
wide	O
anterior	O
pericardiectomy	O
is	O
finally	O
necessary	O
in	O
many	O
cases	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Receptor	O
-	O
bound	O
porcine	B-SPEC
epidemic	I-SPEC
diarrhea	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
spike	O
protein	B-CHED
cleaved	B-ANAT
by	O
trypsin	B-PRGE
induces	O
membrane	B-ANAT
fusion	I-PROC
.	O

The	O
present	O
study	O
describes	O
the	O
mode	O
of	O
action	O
of	O
trypsin	B-PRGE
in	O
enhancing	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
in	O
Vero	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
during	O
different	O
stage	O
of	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
life	O
cycle	O
.	O

These	O
findings	O
strongly	O
suggest	O
that	O
the	O
PEDV	B-PRGE
S	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
may	O
undergo	O
a	O
conformational	B-PROC
change	I-PROC
after	O
receptor	B-FUNC
binding	I-FUNC
and	O
cleavage	B-PROC
by	O
exogenous	O
trypsin	B-PRGE
,	O
which	O
induces	O
membrane	B-PROC
fusion	I-PROC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Coronaviruses	O
have	O
evolved	O
diverse	O
mechanisms	O
to	O
recognize	O
different	O
receptors	O
for	O
their	O
cross	O
-	O
species	O
transmission	O
and	O
host	B-COMP
-	O
range	O
expansion	O
.	O

Critical	O
contacts	O
at	O
the	O
interface	O
have	O
been	O
confirmed	O
by	O
mutagenesis	B-PROC
,	O
providing	O
a	O
structural	O
basis	O
for	O
viral	O
and	O
host	B-COMP
specificities	O
of	O
coronavirus	O
/	O
CEACAM1	O
interactions	O
.	O

Median	O
length	O
of	O
hospitalization	O
was	O
shorter	O
for	O
hemoglobin	B-DISO
SC	I-DISO
episodes	O
when	O
compared	O
to	O
hemoglobin	B-DISO
SS	I-DISO
episodes	O
(	O
3	O
.	O
0	O
vs	O
.	O
5	O
.	O
0	O
days	O
,	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
001	O
).	O

Asthma	B-PATH
and	O
wheezing	B-DISO
may	O
represent	O
more	O
significant	O
risk	O
factors	O
for	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
ACS	B-FUNC
in	O
children	O
with	O
hemoglobin	B-DISO
SC	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
.	O

Dyspnoea	B-DISO
,	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
,	O
and	O
systemic	O
congestion	B-DISO
often	O
characterize	O
AHFS	O
due	O
to	O
acutely	O
elevated	O
intracardiac	B-ANAT
filling	O
pressures	O
and	O
fluid	B-DISO
overload	I-DISO
.	O

Although	O
these	O
agents	O
are	O
indicated	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
chronic	O
,	O
severe	O
heart	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
with	O
reduced	O
ejection	O
fraction	O
(	O
HF	O
/	O
REF	O
)	O
and	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
HF	O
/	O
REF	O
post	O
-	O
myocardial	B-DISO
infarction	I-DISO
(	O
MI	O
),	O
they	O
have	O
not	O
been	O
systematically	O
studied	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
AHFS	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Reversible	O
cerebral	B-DISO
vasoconstriction	B-PROC
syndrome	B-DISO
with	O
increased	B-DISO
intracranial	I-DISO
pressure	I-DISO
,	O
probably	O
related	O
to	O
altitude	O
changes	O
and	O
windy	O
winter	O
travelling	O
.	O

Lumbar	B-ANAT
puncture	O
revealed	O
the	O
opening	O
pressure	O
of	O
240	O
mmH2O	O
but	O
normal	O
CSF	O
profiles	O
.	O

Blood	B-ANAT
tests	O
,	O
including	O
complete	O
blood	B-ANAT
count	O
,	O
protein	B-PRGE
C	I-PRGE
,	O
protein	B-PRGE
S	I-PRGE
,	O
antithrombin	B-PRGE
III	I-PRGE
,	O
high	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
sensitivity	I-PRGE
C	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
reactive	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
,	O
immunologic	O
and	O
antibody	B-COMP
profiles	O
were	O
normal	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
contribution	O
of	O
viruses	O
to	O
lower	B-ANAT
respiratory	I-ANAT
tract	I-ANAT
disease	O
in	O
sub	O
-	O
Saharan	O
Africa	O
where	O
human	B-DISO
immunodeficiency	I-DISO
virus	I-DISO
may	O
exacerbate	O
respiratory	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
is	O
not	O
well	O
defined	O
.	O

A	O
higher	O
HIV	B-DISO
sero	O
-	O
prevalence	O
was	O
noticed	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
co	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
infections	I-DISO
although	O
co	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
infections	I-DISO
were	O
not	O
associated	O
with	O
more	O
severe	O
disease	O
.	O

RSV	B-SPEC
,	O
hPMV	O
,	O
PIV	O
-	O
3	O
,	O
and	O
influenza	B-SPEC
viruses	I-SPEC
had	O
defined	O
seasons	O
while	O
rhinovirus	B-SPEC
,	O
adenovirus	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
coronavirus	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
occurred	O
year	O
round	O
in	O
this	O
temporal	B-ANAT
region	I-ANAT
of	O
sub	O
-	O
Saharan	O
Africa	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
A	O
66	O
-	O
year	O
-	O
old	O
woman	O
with	O
hepatitis	B-SPEC
C	I-SPEC
related	O
liver	B-DISO
cirrhosis	I-DISO
presented	O
to	O
our	O
hospital	O
for	O
dyspnoea	B-DISO
and	O
cyanosis	B-DISO
.	O

To	O
study	O
gene	O
7	O
function	O
,	O
a	O
recombinant	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
virus	B-SPEC
lacking	O
gene	O
7	O
was	O
engineered	O
(	O
rTGEV	O
-	O
Δ7	O
).	O

These	O
results	O
suggested	O
that	O
the	O
removal	O
of	O
gene	O
7	O
promoted	O
an	O
intensified	O
dsRNA	B-CHED
-	O
activated	O
host	B-COMP
antiviral	B-PROC
response	I-PROC
.	O

We	O
postulated	O
that	O
TGEV	B-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
7	I-PRGE
may	O
counteract	O
host	B-COMP
antiviral	B-PROC
response	I-PROC
by	O
its	O
association	O
with	O
PP1c	B-PRGE
.	O

The	O
cells	B-COMP
grew	O
well	O
and	O
showed	O
susceptibility	O
to	O
a	O
wide	O
variety	O
of	O
viruses	B-SPEC
derived	O
from	O
ovine	O
,	O
bovine	B-SPEC
,	O
and	O
porcine	B-SPEC
species	B-SPEC
,	O
including	O
orf	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
,	O
maedi	B-DISO
visna	I-DISO
virus	O
,	O
bovine	B-SPEC
herpesvirus	I-SPEC
1	I-SPEC
,	O
bovine	B-SPEC
parainfluenza	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
3	I-SPEC
,	O
bovine	B-PRGE
viral	I-PRGE
diarrhea	I-PRGE
viruses	B-SPEC
1	I-PRGE
and	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
,	O
bovine	B-SPEC
coronavirus	B-SPEC
,	O
bovine	B-SPEC
respiratory	I-SPEC
syncytial	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
,	O
bovine	B-SPEC
enterovirus	I-SPEC
,	O
suid	B-SPEC
herpesvirus	I-SPEC
1	I-SPEC
,	O
and	O
porcine	B-SPEC
enterovirus	B-SPEC
.	O

While	O
the	O
S1	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
derived	O
from	O
the	O
nephropathogenic	O
IBV	B-SPEC
strain	O
B1648	O
also	O
hardly	O
displayed	O
binding	B-FUNC
to	O
respiratory	B-ANAT
tract	I-ANAT
cells	B-COMP
,	O
distinct	O
binding	B-FUNC
to	O
kidney	B-ANAT
cells	B-COMP
was	O
observed	O
,	O
but	O
only	O
after	O
the	O
removal	O
of	O
sialic	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
from	O
S1	O
.	O

A	O
'	O
low	O
-	O
grade	O
'	O
inflammatory	O
stimulus	O
in	O
utero	B-ANAT
may	O
'	O
prime	O
'	O
the	O
fetal	B-ANAT
lung	I-ANAT
for	O
accelerated	O
maturation	B-PROC
of	O
the	O
surfactant	B-CHED
system	O
,	O
especially	O
in	O
conjunction	O
with	O
prenatal	O
steroids	B-CHED
,	O
and	O
may	O
protect	O
the	O
preterm	O
infant	O
from	O
developing	O
moderate	O
to	O
severe	O
RDS	O
.	O

Whenever	O
surfactant	B-CHED
inactivation	B-DISO
is	O
suspected	O
,	O
higher	O
or	O
repetitive	O
doses	O
of	O
natural	O
surfactant	B-CHED
may	O
help	O
to	O
overcome	O
surfactant	B-CHED
inactivation	B-DISO
and	O
to	O
restore	O
lung	B-PROC
function	I-PROC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Avian	O
influenza	O
H5N1	B-DISO
and	O
pandemic	O
(	O
H1N1	O
)	O
2009	O
viruses	B-SPEC
are	O
known	O
to	O
induce	O
viral	B-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
and	O
subsequent	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
with	O
diffuse	B-DISO
alveolar	I-DISO
damage	I-DISO
(	O
DAD	O
).	O

DAD	B-PRGE
with	O
alveolar	B-ANAT
collapse	B-DISO
was	O
observed	O
in	O
all	O
dead	B-PROC
mice	B-SPEC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Beyond	O
the	O
black	O
box	O
:	O
drug	O
-	O
and	O
device	O
-	O
associated	O
hypersensitivity	B-DISO
events	O
.	O

Adverse	O
event	O
reports	O
identified	O
three	O
health	O
care	O
workers	O
who	O
developed	O
nevirapine	B-CHED
-	O
associated	O
Stevens	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
Johnson	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
following	O
occupational	O
exposure	O
to	O
HIV	B-DISO
-	O
infected	O
blood	B-ANAT
or	O
blood	B-ANAT
products	O
;	O
four	O
persons	O
with	O
localized	O
hypersensitivity	B-DISO
and	O
fatal	O
cardiac	O
events	O
associated	O
with	O
rapamycin	B-CHED
-	O
or	O
paclitaxel	B-CHED
-	O
coated	O
coronary	B-ANAT
artery	I-ANAT
stent	O
placements	O
;	O
and	O
six	O
persons	O
with	O
breast	B-DISO
cancer	B-SPEC
who	O
developed	O
severe	O
or	O
fatal	O
anaphylaxis	B-DISO
after	O
receiving	O
adjuvant	B-CHED
chemotherapy	O
with	O
Cremophor	O
-	O
EL	O
containing	O
paclitaxel	B-CHED
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
spike	O
(	O
S	O
)	O
protein	B-CHED
is	O
a	O
key	O
structural	O
protein	B-CHED
of	O
coronaviruses	O
including	O
,	O
the	O
porcine	B-DISO
transmissible	I-DISO
gastroenteritis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
).	O

Rabbit	B-SPEC
polyclonal	O
antiserum	O
was	O
generated	O
using	O
recombinant	O
S	O
-	O
AD	O
(	O
rS	O
-	O
AD	O
)	O
protein	B-CHED
.	O

In	O
contrast	O
to	O
prior	O
studies	O
showing	O
no	O
activity	O
with	O
bacterially	O
produced	O
S	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
,	O
results	O
indicated	O
that	O
polyclonal	O
serum	B-COMP
recognized	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
-	O
infected	O
cells	B-COMP
and	O
reduced	O
infection	B-DISO
by	O
100	O
%.	O

This	O
qRT	O
-	O
PCR	O
assay	O
was	O
used	O
to	O
screen	O
nucleic	B-CHED
acids	I-CHED
extracted	O
from	O
498	O
ticks	B-SPEC
collected	O
in	O
the	O
Republic	O
of	O
Chad	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
role	O
of	O
airway	B-ANAT
pressure	O
release	B-PATH
ventilation	O
in	O
the	O
management	O
of	O
early	O
smoke	O
inhalation	B-PROC
injury	O
has	O
not	O
been	O
studied	O
.	O

Six	O
uninjured	O
pigs	B-SPEC
received	O
conventional	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
for	O
48	O
hrs	B-DISO
and	O
served	O
as	O
time	O
controls	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
TNF	O
-	O
α	O
and	O
its	O
two	O
receptors	O
(	O
TNFR1	B-PRGE
and	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
)	O
are	O
known	O
to	O
stimulate	O
dendritic	B-ANAT
cell	B-COMP
(	O
DC	O
)	O
maturation	B-PROC
and	O
T	B-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
response	O
.	O

Correspondingly	O
,	O
virus	B-SPEC
-	O
specific	O
CD8	B-PRGE
T	B-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
response	O
was	O
dramatically	O
diminished	O
in	O
TNFR1	B-PRGE
(-/-)	O
mice	B-SPEC
.	O

Rainfall	O
simulations	O
on	O
stream	O
banks	O
resulted	O
in	O
greater	O
(	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
10	O
)	O
proportions	O
of	O
applied	O
precipitation	B-PROC
and	O
amounts	O
of	O
sediment	O
and	O
P	O
transported	O
in	O
runoff	O
from	O
bare	O
sites	O
than	O
from	O
vegetated	O
sites	O
across	O
grazing	O
treatments	O
.	O

High	O
-	O
frequency	O
oscillatory	O
ventilation	O
was	O
tolerated	O
well	O
;	O
no	O
adverse	B-DISO
effects	I-DISO
or	O
severe	O
hyperinflation	B-DISO
and	O
hemodynamic	B-PROC
compromise	O
were	O
observed	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
High	O
-	O
frequency	O
oscillatory	O
ventilation	O
was	O
tolerated	O
well	O
;	O
no	O
adverse	B-DISO
effects	I-DISO
or	O
severe	O
hyperinflation	B-DISO
and	O
hemodynamic	B-PROC
compromise	O
were	O
observed	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Gene	O
N	O
proximal	O
and	O
distal	O
RNA	O
motifs	O
regulate	O
coronavirus	B-PRGE
nucleocapsid	B-COMP
mRNA	B-PROC
transcription	B-PROC
.	O

The	O
extension	O
of	O
complementarity	O
between	O
these	O
two	O
sequences	O
increased	O
N	B-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
transcription	O
.	O

According	O
to	O
the	O
proposed	O
working	O
model	O
for	O
N	B-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
transcriptional	B-PROC
activation	I-PROC
,	O
the	O
long	O
-	O
distance	O
RNA	O
-	O
RNA	O
interaction	O
relocates	O
the	O
distant	O
active	O
domain	O
in	O
close	O
proximity	O
with	O
the	O
N	B-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
TRS	B-DISO
,	O
which	O
probably	O
increases	O
the	O
frequency	O
of	O
template	O
switching	O
during	O
the	O
synthesis	B-PROC
of	O
negative	O
RNA	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Endothelial	B-ANAT
cells	B-COMP
(	O
ECs	O
),	O
forming	O
a	O
semi	O
-	O
permeable	O
barrier	O
between	O
the	O
interior	O
space	O
of	O
blood	B-ANAT
vessels	I-ANAT
and	O
underlying	O
tissues	B-ANAT
,	O
control	O
such	O
diverse	O
processes	O
as	O
vascular	B-ANAT
tone	O
,	O
homeostasis	B-PROC
,	O
adhesion	B-DISO
of	O
platelets	B-ANAT
,	O
and	O
leukocytes	B-ANAT
to	O
the	O
vascular	B-ANAT
wall	O
and	O
permeability	O
of	O
vascular	B-ANAT
wall	O
for	O
cells	B-COMP
and	O
fluids	B-ANAT
.	O

It	O
is	O
now	O
well	O
accepted	O
that	O
extracellular	B-COMP
purines	B-CHED
and	O
pyrimidines	B-CHED
are	O
promising	O
and	O
physiologically	O
relevant	O
barrier	O
-	O
protective	B-CHED
agents	I-CHED
and	O
their	O
effects	O
are	O
mediated	O
by	O
interaction	O
with	O
cell	O
surface	O
P2Y	B-PRGE
receptors	I-PRGE
which	O
belong	O
to	O
the	O
superfamily	B-SPEC
of	O
G	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
coupled	I-PRGE
receptors	I-PRGE
.	O

The	O
treatment	O
proposed	O
for	O
leptospirotic	O
pneumonitis	B-DISO
includes	O
just	O
care	O
for	O
patients	O
in	O
critical	O
condition	B-DISO
.	O

This	O
is	O
a	O
randomized	O
double	O
-	O
blind	B-DISO
clinical	O
trial	O
to	O
test	O
the	O
efficacy	O
of	O
pulse	B-PROC
treatment	O
with	O
methylprednisolone	B-CHED
in	O
patients	O
with	O
leptospirotic	O
pneumonitis	B-DISO
,	O
compared	O
with	O
a	O
placebo	O
.	O

The	O
secondary	O
end	O
-	O
points	O
are	O
:	O
evolution	B-PROC
of	O
lung	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
;	O
the	O
occurrence	O
of	O
nosocomial	O
respiratory	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
;	O
duration	O
of	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
;	O
duration	O
of	O
intensive	O
care	O
unit	O
(	O
ICU	O
)	O
stay	O
;	O
duration	O
of	O
hospital	O
stay	O
;	O
occurrence	O
of	O
other	O
infection	B-DISO
-	O
related	O
complications	O
;	O
other	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
complications	I-DISO
;	O
and	O
adverse	B-DISO
effects	I-DISO
of	O
methylprednisolone	B-CHED
.	O

This	O
strategy	O
allowed	O
fistula	B-DISO
healing	B-PROC
in	O
3	O
patients	O
.	O

If	O
correctly	O
timed	O
,	O
extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenation	B-PROC
can	O
provide	O
a	O
therapeutic	O
bridge	O
to	O
lung	B-ANAT
-	O
protective	O
ventilation	O
and	O
allow	O
bronchial	B-DISO
fistula	I-DISO
healing	B-PROC
in	O
case	O
of	O
refractory	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
.	O

Viral	O
genetic	O
determinants	O
specifically	O
associated	O
with	O
FIPV	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
have	O
not	O
yet	O
been	O
discovered	O
.	O

Epidemiologic	O
data	O
suggests	O
that	O
the	O
genetic	O
background	O
of	O
the	O
cat	B-SPEC
contributes	O
to	O
the	O
manifestation	O
of	O
FIP	B-DISO
.	O

This	O
study	O
was	O
performed	O
to	O
evaluate	O
the	O
incidence	O
and	O
outcomes	O
of	O
RVD	B-PROC
in	O
septic	B-DISO
shock	I-DISO
patients	O
.	O

It	O
is	O
unknown	O
whether	O
the	O
human	B-SPEC
immune	B-ANAT
system	I-ANAT
could	O
tolerate	O
invasion	B-DISO
with	O
a	O
plant	B-SPEC
virus	B-SPEC
.	O

We	O
observed	O
suspected	O
TMV	B-SPEC
virions	B-COMP
in	O
HeLa	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
by	O
TEM	B-COMP
(	O
transmission	O
electron	O
microscopy	O
).	O

pECLA	O
was	O
accompanied	O
by	O
a	O
significant	O
(	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
)	O
increase	O
in	O
the	O
PaO2	O
/	O
fraction	O
of	O
inspired	B-PROC
oxygen	B-CHED
(	O
P	O
/	O
F	O
)	O
ratio	O
from	O
100	O
.	O
0	O
(	O
28	O
.	O
9	O
)	O
(	O
pre	O
-	O
pECLA	O
)	O
to	O
191	O
.	O
1	O
(	O
114	O
.	O
3	O
)	O
mmHg	O
after	O
7	O
days	O
of	O
treatment	O
.	O

Major	O
complications	O
were	O
two	O
inadvertent	O
decannulations	O
in	O
the	O
first	O
two	O
patients	O
treated	O
;	O
there	O
was	O
one	O
minor	O
bleeding	B-DISO
event	O
in	O
a	O
patient	O
seen	O
subsequently	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
The	O
preventive	O
role	O
of	O
higher	O
PEEP	B-CHED
in	O
treating	O
severely	O
hypoxemic	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

WNv	B-PRGE
antigen	B-CHED
was	O
detected	O
in	O
brain	B-ANAT
,	O
spleen	B-ANAT
,	O
heart	B-ANAT
,	O
kidney	B-ANAT
,	O
liver	B-ANAT
,	O
gonads	B-ANAT
,	O
intestine	B-ANAT
,	O
lung	B-ANAT
,	O
and	O
pancreas	B-ANAT
.	O

The	O
spleen	B-ANAT
was	O
found	O
to	O
be	O
positive	O
in	O
all	O
infected	O
crows	B-SPEC
,	O
followed	O
by	O
kidney	B-ANAT
,	O
liver	B-ANAT
,	O
and	O
duodenum	B-ANAT
(	O
95	O
%	O
each	O
).	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
More	O
than	O
one	O
tissue	B-ANAT
sample	I-ANAT
is	O
suggested	O
to	O
screen	O
WNv	B-DISO
infection	B-DISO
using	O
IHC	O
technique	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Antibody	B-COMP
-	O
enhanced	O
replication	O
(	O
AER	B-COMP
)	O
of	O
dengue	B-DISO
type	O
-	O
2	O
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
DENV	O
-	O
2	O
)	O
strains	O
and	O
production	O
of	O
antibody	B-COMP
-	O
enhanced	O
disease	O
(	O
AED	B-CHED
)	O
was	O
tested	O
in	O
out	O
-	O
bred	O
mice	B-SPEC
.	O

This	O
DENV	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
AER	I-PRGE
/	I-PRGE
AED	B-CHED
was	O
blocked	O
by	O
high	O
concentrations	O
of	O
only	O
the	O
NG	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
C	I-PRGE
NS1	I-PRGE
glycoprotein	B-CHED
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Lithium	O
carbonate	O
is	O
a	O
widely	O
administered	O
antimanic	B-CHED
drug	I-CHED
used	O
for	O
the	O
treatment	O
of	O
bipolar	O
disorder	B-DISO
,	I-DISO
schizoaffective	I-DISO
disorder	O
,	O
and	O
depression	B-DISO
.	O

Her	O
chest	B-ANAT
x	O
-	O
rays	B-SPEC
showed	O
new	O
bilateral	O
pulmonary	O
edema	O
,	O
the	O
computed	O
tomography	O
scan	O
showed	O
extensive	O
alveolar	B-ANAT
consolidation	O
and	O
V	O
/	O
Q	O
scan	O
of	O
low	O
probability	O
for	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
embolism	I-DISO
.	O

The	O
patients	O
were	O
treated	O
with	O
saline	O
hydration	O
(	O
50	O
%)	O
or	O
hemodialysis	O
(	O
50	O
%),	O
indicating	O
that	O
hemodialysis	O
may	O
be	O
a	O
permissive	O
factor	O
in	O
lithium	B-CHED
-	O
associated	O
ARDS	B-DISO
development	B-PROC
rather	O
than	O
a	O
required	O
component	O
.	O

We	O
assessed	O
non	O
-	O
RCTs	O
for	O
potential	O
confounders	O
and	O
classified	O
them	O
as	O
low	O
,	O
medium	O
and	O
high	O
risk	O
of	O
bias	B-SPEC
.	O

The	O
highest	O
quality	O
cluster	O
-	O
RCTs	O
suggest	O
respiratory	O
virus	B-SPEC
spread	O
can	O
be	O
prevented	O
by	O
hygienic	O
measures	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
handwashing	O
,	O
especially	O
around	O
younger	O
children	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Super	O
-	O
spreaders	O
in	O
infectious	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
.	O

In	O
addition	O
to	O
retroviruses	O
,	O
many	O
structural	O
proteins	B-CHED
of	O
unrelated	O
viruses	B-SPEC
,	O
including	O
influenza	B-DISO
M1	O
,	O
NEP	O
and	O
NP	O
proteins	B-CHED
,	O
38	O
Borna	B-SPEC
disease	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
N	O
and	O
P	O
proteins28	O
,	O
56	O
and	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
N	O
protein	B-CHED
,	O
23	O
,	O
57	O
undergo	O
nuclear	O
localization	B-PROC
and	O
bind	B-FUNC
viral	O
RNAs	O
to	O
form	O
viral	O
ribonuclear	O
protein	B-CHED
(	O
RNP	B-COMP
)	O
complexes	O
that	O
are	O
exported	O
from	O
the	O
nucleus	B-COMP
for	O
packaging	O
into	O
virus	B-COMP
particles	I-COMP
.	O

We	O
propose	O
that	O
association	O
of	O
the	O
viral	O
RNA	O
induces	O
a	O
conformational	B-PROC
change	I-PROC
in	O
Gag	B-PRGE
that	O
reveals	O
its	O
nuclear	B-PROC
export	I-PROC
signal	O
(	O
NES	B-SPEC
)	O
and	O
prepares	O
that	O
complex	O
for	O
its	O
journey	O
to	O
the	O
plasma	B-COMP
membrane	I-COMP
for	O
budding	B-PATH
.	O

break	O
-	O
down	O
in	O
infection	B-DISO
control	O
procedures	O
3	O
.)	O

Staffing	O
demands	O
and	O
loss	O
of	O
income	O
were	O
noted	O
as	O
pressures	O
to	O
attend	O
work	O
when	O
unwell	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
reason	O
for	O
this	O
emerging	O
debate	O
is	O
twofold	O
:	O
the	O
recent	O
occurrence	O
of	O
pandemic	O
viruses	O
such	O
as	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
and	O
H1N1	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
emergence	O
of	O
highly	O
resistant	O
strains	O
of	O
infectious	B-DISO
pathogens	O
such	O
as	O
multi	O
and	O
extensively	B-DISO
drug	I-DISO
-	I-DISO
resistant	I-DISO
tuberculosis	I-DISO
(	O
TB	O
).	O

A	O
retrospective	O
study	O
on	O
62	O
severe	O
and	O
critically	B-DISO
ill	I-DISO
patients	O
with	O
2009	O
influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
(	O
H1N1	O
)	O
was	O
conducted	O
in	O
Shanghai	O
Public	O
Health	O
Clinical	O
Center	O
.	O

Severe	O
illness	O
from	O
2009	O
influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
(	O
H1N1	O
)	O
infection	B-DISO
in	O
Shanghai	O
occurred	O
among	O
young	O
individuals	O
.	O

This	O
is	O
the	O
first	O
case	O
of	O
novel	O
influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
(	O
H1N1	O
)	O
and	O
Evans	B-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

The	O
description	O
of	O
a	O
third	O
syndrome	B-DISO
associated	O
with	O
a	O
same	O
TSFM	O
mutation	O
gives	O
support	O
to	O
the	O
broad	O
clinical	O
and	O
genetic	O
heterogeneity	O
of	O
mitochondrial	B-PROC
translation	B-PROC
deficiencies	O
in	O
human	B-SPEC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Acute	B-DISO
interstitial	B-ANAT
pneumonia	I-DISO
(	O
AIP	B-DISO
)	O
encompasses	O
a	O
spectrum	O
of	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
disorders	I-DISO
characterized	O
by	O
involvement	O
of	O
the	O
lung	B-ANAT
interstitium	B-ANAT
and	O
distal	O
airways	O
(	O
bronchioles	B-ANAT
and	O
alveoli	B-ANAT
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Recombinational	O
histories	O
of	O
avian	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
bronchitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
and	O
turkey	B-SPEC
coronavirus	B-SPEC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
induction	O
of	O
antigen	B-PRGE
specific	I-PRGE
memory	B-PROC
CD8	I-PRGE
(+)	O
T	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
in	O
vivo	O
is	O
very	O
important	O
to	O
new	O
vaccines	O
against	O
infectious	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
.	O

In	O
the	O
present	O
study	O
,	O
we	O
aimed	O
to	O
evaluate	O
the	O
immune	B-PROC
responses	I-PROC
of	O
peptide	B-CHED
-	O
specific	O
CD8	B-PRGE
(+)	O
T	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
induced	O
by	O
HLA	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
A	I-PRGE
*	I-PRGE
0201	I-PRGE
restricted	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
-	O
associated	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
S	O
epitopes	O
plus	O
CpG	O
oligodeoxynucleotide	O
(	O
CpG	O
ODN	O
),	O
PolyI	O
:	O
C	O
and	O
R848	O
as	O
adjuvants	B-CHED
.	O

SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
S	O
peptide	B-CHED
-	O
specific	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
γ	I-PRGE
(+)	O
CD8	B-PRGE
(+)	O
T	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
were	O
distributed	O
throughout	O
the	O
lymphoid	O
and	O
non	O
-	O
lymphoid	B-ANAT
tissues	I-ANAT
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Foxp3	O
(+)	O
CD4	B-PRGE
regulatory	B-ANAT
T	I-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
(	O
T	B-ANAT
reg	I-ANAT
cells	B-COMP
)	O
are	O
important	O
in	O
limiting	O
immunopathology	B-DISO
in	O
infections	B-DISO
.	O

Using	O
MHC	B-PRGE
class	B-SPEC
II	I-PRGE
/	I-PRGE
peptide	B-CHED
tetramers	I-PRGE
and	O
intracellular	B-COMP
cytokine	O
staining	O
,	O
we	O
identify	O
T	B-ANAT
reg	I-ANAT
cells	B-COMP
recognizing	O
two	O
virus	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
specific	I-PRGE
CD4	I-PRGE
T	B-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
epitopes	I-PRGE
in	O
the	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
-	O
infected	O
central	B-ANAT
nervous	I-ANAT
system	I-ANAT
as	O
well	O
as	O
naive	O
T	B-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
precursor	O
pools	O
.	O

Identification	O
of	O
T	B-PRGE
reg	I-PRGE
cell	B-COMP
target	O
epitopes	O
by	O
cytokine	B-PROC
production	I-PROC
is	O
also	O
applicable	O
in	O
autoimmune	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
because	O
myelin	B-PRGE
oligodendrocyte	B-ANAT
glycoprotein	B-CHED
-	I-PRGE
specific	I-PRGE
Foxp3	I-PRGE
(+)	I-PRGE
T	B-ANAT
reg	I-ANAT
cells	B-COMP
express	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
10	I-FUNC
and	O
IL	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
17	I-PROC
at	O
the	O
peak	O
of	O
disease	O
in	O
mice	B-SPEC
with	O
experimental	O
autoimmune	B-DISO
encephalomyelitis	B-DISO
.	O

Autopsy	O
findings	O
failed	O
to	O
show	O
influenza	B-DISO
in	O
the	O
lungs	B-ANAT
or	O
lupus	B-DISO
pneumonitis	I-DISO
.	O

Electron	O
microscopy	O
showed	O
viral	B-COMP
particles	I-COMP
consistent	O
with	O
CoV	O
HKU1	O
in	O
lung	B-ANAT
tissue	I-ANAT
both	O
at	O
autopsy	O
and	O
from	O
a	O
previous	O
biopsy	O
.	O

Fluorescence	O
double	O
-	O
staining	O
revealed	O
that	O
FGL2	B-PRGE
and	O
PD	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
were	O
not	O
co	O
-	O
expressed	B-PROC
on	O
the	O
same	O
cells	B-COMP
,	O
while	O
quantitative	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
demonstrated	O
that	O
higher	O
levels	O
of	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
γ	I-PRGE
and	O
TNF	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
α	I-PRGE
mRNA	I-PRGE
transcription	B-PROC
occurred	O
in	O
PD	O
-	O
1	O
-	O
deficient	O
mice	B-SPEC
in	O
response	O
to	O
MHV	B-SPEC
-	O
3	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

Conversely	O
,	O
in	O
vivo	O
blockade	O
of	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
γ	I-PRGE
and	O
TNF	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
α	I-PRGE
led	O
to	O
efficient	O
inhibition	B-PROC
of	O
FGL2	B-PRGE
expression	B-PROC
,	O
greatly	O
attenuated	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
tissue	B-ANAT
lesions	O
,	O
and	O
ultimately	O
reduced	O
mortality	O
.	O

In	O
addition	O
,	O
mutation	O
of	O
MHV	B-SPEC
nonstructural	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
(	O
ns2	B-DISO
)	O
abrogates	O
the	O
ability	O
of	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
to	O
replicate	O
in	O
the	O
liver	B-ANAT
and	O
induce	O
hepatitis	B-DISO
but	O
does	O
not	O
affect	O
replication	O
in	O
the	O
central	B-ANAT
nervous	I-ANAT
system	I-ANAT
(	O
CNS	B-CHED
).	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Low	O
micromolar	O
,	O
non	O
-	O
cytotoxic	O
concentrations	O
of	O
cyclosporin	O
A	O
(	O
CsA	B-DISO
)	O
strongly	O
affected	O
the	O
replication	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
),	O
human	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
229E	I-SPEC
and	O
mouse	B-DISO
hepatitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
in	O
cell	B-COMP
culture	O
,	O
as	O
was	O
evident	O
from	O
the	O
strong	O
inhibition	B-PROC
of	O
GFP	B-PRGE
reporter	I-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
expression	O
and	O
a	O
reduction	O
of	O
up	O
to	O
4	O
logs	O
in	O
progeny	O
titres	O
.	O

Upon	O
high	O
-	O
multiplicity	O
infection	B-DISO
,	O
CsA	B-DISO
treatment	O
rendered	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
RNA	O
and	O
protein	B-PROC
synthesis	I-PROC
almost	O
undetectable	O
,	O
suggesting	O
an	O
early	O
block	O
in	O
replication	O
.	O

We	O
wished	O
to	O
determine	O
the	O
potential	O
for	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
overexpression	B-PROC
of	O
the	O
extracellular	B-COMP
isoform	O
of	O
superoxide	B-PRGE
dismutase	I-PRGE
(	O
EC	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
SOD	I-PRGE
)	O
to	O
reduce	O
the	O
severity	O
of	O
endotoxin	O
-	O
induced	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
.	O

Animals	B-SPEC
were	O
randomly	O
allocated	O
to	O
undergo	O
intratracheal	O
instillation	O
of	O
(	O
1	O
)	O
surfactant	B-CHED
alone	O
(	O
vehicle	O
);	O
(	O
2	O
)	O
adeno	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
associated	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
AAV	B-SPEC
)	O
vectors	O
containing	O
a	O
null	O
transgene	O
(	O
AAV	B-SPEC
-	O
null	O
);	O
and	O
(	O
3	O
)	O
adeno	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
associated	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
vectors	O
containing	O
the	O
EC	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
SOD	I-PRGE
transgene	I-PRGE
(	O
AAV	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
EC	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
SOD	B-FUNC
)	O
and	O
endotoxin	O
was	O
subsequently	O
administered	O
intratracheally	O
.	O

Two	O
additional	O
groups	O
were	O
randomized	O
to	O
receive	O
(	O
1	O
)	O
vehicle	O
or	O
(	O
2	O
)	O
AAV	O
-	O
EC	O
-	O
SOD	B-FUNC
,	O
and	O
to	O
undergo	O
sham	O
(	O
vehicle	O
)	O
injury	O
.	O

Finally	O
,	O
mention	O
is	O
made	O
to	O
the	O
recent	O
discovery	O
of	O
ACE2	B-PRGE
as	O
a	O
receptor	O
for	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
Corona	B-CHED
Virus	B-SPEC
.	O

The	O
detection	O
of	O
previously	O
known	O
viruses	B-SPEC
has	O
also	O
improved	O
.	O

The	O
new	O
viruses	B-SPEC
cause	O
respiratory	B-DISO
symptoms	I-DISO
like	O
the	O
common	B-DISO
cold	I-DISO
,	O
cough	B-DISO
,	O
bronchitis	B-DISO
,	O
bronchiolitis	B-DISO
,	O
exacerbations	O
of	O
asthma	B-PATH
and	O
chronic	B-DISO
obstructive	I-DISO
pulmonary	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
and	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
.	O

Fifty	O
-	O
six	O
patients	O
had	O
PCR	O
-	O
confirmed	O
P	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
knowlesi	I-SPEC
monoinfection	O
and	O
clinical	O
records	O
available	O
for	O
review	O
.	O

Patients	O
with	O
uncomplicated	O
disease	O
received	O
chloroquine	B-CHED
,	O
quinine	B-CHED
,	O
or	O
artemether	B-CHED
-	O
lumefantrine	B-CHED
,	O
and	O
those	O
with	O
severe	O
disease	O
received	O
intravenous	O
quinine	B-CHED
or	O
artesunate	B-CHED
.	O

P	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
knowlesi	I-SPEC
is	O
a	O
major	O
cause	O
of	O
severe	O
and	O
fatal	O
malaria	B-PATH
in	O
Sabah	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Chimeric	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
S	O
glycoprotein	B-CHED
and	O
influenza	B-DISO
matrix	O
1	O
efficiently	O
form	O
virus	B-ANAT
-	I-ANAT
like	I-ANAT
particles	I-ANAT
(	O
VLPs	B-ANAT
)	O
that	O
protect	O
mice	B-SPEC
against	O
challenge	O
with	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
.	O
ABSTRACT	O
:	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
was	O
the	O
cause	O
of	O
the	O
global	O
pandemic	O
in	O
2003	O
that	O
infected	O
over	O
8000	O
people	O
in	O
8	O
months	O
.	O

Vaccines	O
against	O
SARS	B-DISO
are	O
still	O
not	O
available	O
.	O

We	O
report	O
a	O
case	O
of	O
an	O
80	O
-	O
year	O
-	O
old	O
woman	O
who	O
presented	O
with	O
fever	B-PROC
,	O
lung	B-ANAT
infiltrates	B-DISO
,	O
peripheral	B-ANAT
blood	I-ANAT
eosinophilia	B-DISO
and	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
.	O

The	O
patient	O
had	O
a	O
past	O
medical	O
history	O
of	O
AEP	O
induced	O
by	O
sertraline	B-CHED
and	O
a	O
recent	O
medical	O
history	O
of	O
Acute	O
Lung	B-ANAT
Injury	O
on	O
the	O
context	O
of	O
acute	B-DISO
pancreatitis	I-DISO
during	O
treatment	O
with	O
venlafaxine	B-CHED
.	O

We	O
included	O
190	O
consecutive	O
adults	O
treated	O
with	O
high	O
-	O
frequency	O
oscillation	O
and	O
retrospectively	O
abstracted	O
data	O
on	O
patient	O
demographics	O
,	O
gas	B-ENZY
exchange	O
,	O
hemodynamics	B-PROC
,	O
settings	O
during	O
conventional	O
ventilation	O
and	O
high	O
-	O
frequency	O
oscillation	O
,	O
adjunctive	O
therapies	O
,	O
and	O
outcomes	O
.	O

Most	O
patients	O
treated	O
with	O
high	O
-	O
frequency	O
oscillation	O
have	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
and	O
severe	O
hypoxemia	O
that	O
modestly	O
improves	O
2	O
hrs	B-DISO
after	O
high	O
-	O
frequency	O
oscillation	O
application	O
.	O

To	O
this	O
end	O
,	O
the	O
various	O
efficacious	O
anti	O
-	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
therapies	O
recently	O
published	O
from	O
2007	O
to	O
2010	O
are	O
reviewed	O
in	O
this	O
article	O
.	O

Interestingly	O
,	O
although	O
some	O
of	O
these	O
viruses	B-SPEC
are	O
related	O
to	O
other	O
European	O
BatCoV	O
,	O
or	O
to	O
Asian	O
CoV	O
,	O
some	O
of	O
the	O
viruses	B-SPEC
found	O
in	O
Spain	O
cluster	O
in	O
new	O
groups	O
of	O
α	O
and	O
β	O
CoV	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Despite	O
advances	O
in	O
critical	O
care	O
facilities	O
and	O
ventilation	O
therapies	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
distress	O
syndrome	O
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
is	O
associated	O
with	O
high	O
mortality	O
rates	O
.	O

The	O
results	O
showed	O
that	O
:	O
25	O
(	O
50	O
%),	O
27	O
(	O
54	O
%),	O
36	O
(	O
72	O
%)	O
of	O
50	O
sera	B-COMP
were	O
indentified	O
as	O
anti	O
-	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
NL63	I-SPEC
antibody	B-COMP
positive	O
when	O
the	O
antigen	B-CHED
was	O
from	O
Nf	O
,	O
Np	O
and	O
Cp	O
,	O
respectively	O
.	O

Our	O
study	O
provides	O
the	O
foundation	O
for	O
development	O
of	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
NL63	I-SPEC
serological	O
detection	O
reagents	B-CHED
and	O
an	O
experimental	O
tool	O
for	O
immunological	O
research	O
of	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
NL63	I-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Anti	O
-	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
spike	O
antibodies	B-COMP
trigger	O
infection	B-DISO
of	O
human	B-SPEC
immune	O
cells	B-COMP
via	O
a	O
pH	O
-	O
and	O
cysteine	B-PRGE
protease	I-PRGE
-	O
independent	O
FcγR	O
pathway	B-PROC
.	O

Vaccination	O
is	O
a	O
major	O
strategy	O
for	O
containing	O
resurgence	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
in	O
humans	B-SPEC
,	O
and	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
vaccine	O
candidates	O
have	O
been	O
tested	O
in	O
experimental	O
animal	B-SPEC
models	O
.	O

We	O
previously	O
reported	O
that	O
antibody	B-COMP
elicited	O
by	O
a	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
vaccine	O
candidate	O
based	O
on	O
recombinant	O
full	O
-	O
length	O
Spike	O
-	O
protein	B-CHED
trimers	O
potentiated	O
infection	B-DISO
of	O
human	B-SPEC
B	O
cell	B-ANAT
lines	I-ANAT
despite	O
eliciting	O
in	O
vivo	O
a	O
neutralizing	O
and	O
protective	O
immune	B-PROC
response	I-PROC
in	O
rodents	B-SPEC
.	O

Healthcare	O
workers	O
'	O
willingness	O
to	O
work	O
is	O
a	O
concern	O
worldwide	O
since	O
SARS	B-DISO
;	O
Concerns	O
related	O
to	O
work	O
in	O
the	O
isolation	O
wards	O
among	O
healthcare	O
workers	O
'	O
who	O
continue	O
to	O
work	O
during	O
the	O
novel	O
H1N1	O
pandemic	O
is	O
unknown	O
.	O

In	O
contrast	O
,	O
the	O
conductance	O
levels	O
remained	O
relatively	O
unchanged	O
when	O
indoor	O
air	B-CHED
or	O
clean	O
air	B-CHED
samples	O
were	O
delivered	O
.	O

Quantitative	O
polymerase	O
chain	O
reaction	O
(	O
qPCR	O
)	O
tests	O
revealed	O
that	O
higher	O
virus	B-SPEC
concentrations	O
in	O
the	O
air	B-CHED
samples	O
generally	O
corresponded	O
to	O
higher	O
conductance	O
levels	O
in	O
the	O
SiNW	O
devices	O
.	O

Although	O
the	O
drivers	O
for	O
virus	B-SPEC
emergence	O
remain	O
poorly	O
understood	O
,	O
the	O
rate	O
of	O
discovery	O
of	O
new	O
viruses	B-SPEC
is	O
accelerating	O
.	O

Only	O
6	O
(	O
14	O
.	O
3	O
%)	O
of	O
the	O
schools	O
with	O
influenza	B-DISO
specific	O
Web	B-DISO
sites	O
had	O
information	O
for	O
parents	O
,	O
with	O
23	O
(	O
54	O
.	O
8	O
%)	O
providing	O
information	O
specifically	O
for	O
faculty	O
and	O
staff	O
,	O
and	O
24	O
(	O
57	O
.	O
1	O
%)	O
providing	O
information	O
specifically	O
to	O
students	O
.	O

Coronavirus	B-SPEC
HKU1	O
were	O
detected	O
in	O
12	O
patients	O
(	O
1	O
.	O
03	O
%)	O
out	O
of	O
the	O
1165	O
children	O
.	O

The	O
most	O
common	O
clinical	O
diagnosis	O
was	O
bronchopneumonia	B-DISO
(	O
83	O
.	O
33	O
%).	O

Similarity	O
of	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
HKU1	O
with	O
those	O
published	O
in	O
the	O
GenBank	O
at	O
nucleotide	B-CHED
levels	O
was	O
98	O
.	O
18	O
%	O
-	O
100	O
%.	O

A	O
cytokine	O
-	O
mediated	O
inflammatory	B-DISO
response	I-DISO
has	O
been	O
well	O
documented	O
in	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
and	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

Serum	B-COMP
and	O
bronchoalveolar	O
lavage	O
samples	O
were	O
obtained	O
from	O
three	O
mechanically	O
ventilated	O
patients	O
diagnosed	O
with	O
Influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
(	O
H1N1	O
)	O
virus	B-SPEC
pneumonia	B-DISO
by	O
bronchoscopic	O
bronchoalveolar	O
lavage	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
High	O
levels	O
of	O
C	B-PRGE
Reactive	I-PRGE
Protein	I-PRGE
,	O
Procalcitonin	O
below	O
1	O
ng	O
/	O
ml	O
and	O
absence	O
of	O
leukocytosis	B-DISO
were	O
common	O
findings	O
in	O
all	O
patients	O
.	O

We	O
have	O
previously	O
identified	O
the	O
receptor	O
-	O
binding	B-FUNC
domain	O
(	O
RBD	O
)	O
and	O
residues	O
important	O
for	O
RBD	O
-	O
hACE2	O
association	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
3	O
'-	O
untranslated	O
region	O
(	O
UTR	O
)	O
of	O
the	O
group	O
2	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
mouse	B-DISO
hepatitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
MHV	B-SPEC
)	O
genome	O
contains	O
a	O
predicted	O
bulged	O
stem	B-ANAT
-	O
loop	O
(	O
designated	O
P0ab	O
),	O
a	O
conserved	O
cis	B-DISO
-	O
acting	O
pseudoknot	O
(	O
PK	O
),	O
and	O
a	O
more	O
distal	O
stem	B-ANAT
-	O
loop	O
(	O
designated	O
P2	O
).	O

Degradation	O
through	O
autophagy	B-PROC
can	O
provide	O
an	O
innate	O
defence	O
against	O
virus	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
,	O
or	O
conversely	O
autophagosomes	O
can	O
promote	O
infection	B-DISO
by	O
facilitating	O
assembly	O
of	O
replicase	B-PRGE
proteins	I-PRGE
.	O

We	O
demonstrate	O
that	O
the	O
avian	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
,	O
Infectious	B-DISO
Bronchitis	B-DISO
Virus	B-SPEC
(	O
IBV	B-SPEC
)	O
activates	O
autophagy	B-PROC
.	O

The	O
vesicles	B-COMP
recruited	O
double	O
FYVE	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
domain	I-PRGE
containing	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
(	O
DFCP	O
)	O
indicating	O
localised	O
concentration	O
of	O
phosphatidylinositol	B-CHED
3	O
phosphate	B-CHED
,	O
and	O
therefore	O
shared	O
many	O
features	O
with	O
omegasomes	O
formed	O
from	O
the	O
ER	O
in	O
response	B-PROC
to	I-PROC
starvation	I-PROC
.	O

The	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
nsp6	O
proteins	B-CHED
activated	O
omegasome	O
and	O
autophagosome	B-PROC
formation	I-PROC
independently	O
of	O
starvation	O
,	O
but	O
activation	O
did	O
not	O
involve	O
direct	O
inhibition	B-PROC
of	O
mTOR	B-PRGE
signalling	B-PROC
,	O
activation	O
of	O
sirtuin1	O
or	O
induction	O
of	O
ER	O
stress	O
.	O

During	O
neurotropic	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
JHMV	O
)	O
induced	O
encephalomyelitis	B-DISO
,	O
MMP9	B-PRGE
activity	O
is	O
restricted	O
to	O
neutrophils	B-ANAT
.	O

Depletion	O
of	O
neutrophils	B-ANAT
reduced	O
CNS	B-CHED
accumulation	O
of	O
monocytes	B-ANAT
and	O
T	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
,	O
albeit	O
without	O
affecting	O
overall	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
.	O

These	O
results	O
suggest	O
that	O
this	O
assay	O
offers	O
a	O
reliable	O
method	O
to	O
detect	O
HCoV	O
-	O
OC43	O
infection	B-DISO
and	O
may	O
be	O
a	O
useful	O
tool	O
in	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
seroepidemiological	O
studies	O
.	O

Despite	O
their	O
similarities	O
,	O
these	O
proteins	B-CHED
are	O
involved	O
in	O
distinct	O
RNA	O
-	O
processing	O
pathways	B-PROC
in	O
different	O
organisms	O
.	O

There	O
was	O
one	O
plastic	B-DISO
bronchitis	I-DISO
patient	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
there	O
was	O
no	O
difference	O
in	O
pain	O
or	O
ACS	B-FUNC
rate	O
,	O
lung	B-PROC
function	I-PROC
,	O
or	O
risk	O
of	O
death	B-PROC
between	O
adults	O
with	O
and	O
without	O
a	O
doctor	O
-	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
asthma	B-PATH
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Engineering	O
T	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
specific	O
for	O
a	O
dominant	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
CD8	B-PRGE
T	B-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
epitope	B-CHED
.	O

To	O
reconstitute	O
such	O
a	O
CD8	B-PRGE
+	I-PRGE
T	B-ANAT
cell	B-COMP
response	O
,	O
we	O
isolated	O
the	O
alpha	B-PRGE
and	I-PRGE
beta	I-PRGE
T	I-PRGE
cell	I-PRGE
receptors	I-PRGE
of	O
the	O
HLA	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
B	I-PRGE
*	I-PRGE
40	I-PRGE
:	O
01	O
-	O
restricted	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
specific	O
CD8	B-PRGE
+	I-PRGE
T	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
.	O

New	O
modalities	O
such	O
as	O
brain	B-ANAT
magnetic	O
resonance	O
imaging	O
(	O
MRI	O
)	O
and	O
continuous	O
electroencephalography	O
are	O
being	O
evaluated	O
.	O

In	O
the	O
most	O
severe	O
case	O
,	O
extensive	O
embolization	O
was	O
associated	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
damage	O
consistent	O
with	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

Although	O
clinical	O
criteria	O
diagnostic	O
of	O
FES	O
were	O
not	O
investigated	O
at	O
the	O
time	O
of	O
death	B-PROC
,	O
this	O
severe	O
case	O
may	O
represent	O
the	O
fulminant	O
form	O
of	O
FES	O
,	O
which	O
occurs	O
within	O
12	O
h	O
after	O
trauma	O
.	O

FE	O
and	O
FES	O
represent	O
important	O
research	O
confounders	O
and	O
FES	O
should	O
be	O
considered	O
as	O
a	O
differential	O
diagnosis	O
for	O
clinical	O
complications	O
subsequent	O
to	O
skeletal	B-ANAT
trauma	O
.	O

The	O
seawater	O
aspiration	B-DISO
group	O
also	O
presented	O
with	O
severe	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
edema	I-DISO
which	O
was	O
paralleled	O
with	O
over	O
expressed	B-PROC
AQP1	B-PRGE
and	O
AQP5	B-PRGE
.	O

In	O
conclusion	O
,	O
E2	O
treatment	O
could	O
effectively	O
attenuate	O
seawater	O
aspiration	B-DISO
-	O
induced	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
in	O
rats	B-SPEC
by	O
the	O
down	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
regulation	I-PROC
of	O
AQP1	B-PRGE
and	O
AQP5	B-PRGE
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Inhibitors	B-CHED
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
entry	O
--	O
identification	O
using	O
an	O
internally	O
-	O
controlled	O
dual	O
envelope	B-COMP
pseudovirion	O
assay	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
report	O
the	O
management	O
of	O
a	O
38	O
-	O
yr	O
-	O
old	O
patient	O
with	O
known	O
Marfan	O
syndrome	O
who	O
presented	O
with	O
acute	O
Stanford	O
type	O
A	O
dissection	O
of	O
the	O
aorta	B-ANAT
in	O
the	O
34	O
(	O
th	O
)	O
week	O
of	O
pregnancy	O
.	O

Hospitals	O
must	O
establish	O
systems	O
to	O
assure	O
timely	O
assessment	O
,	O
multidisciplinary	O
care	O
,	O
and	O
possibly	O
a	O
plan	B-DISO
for	O
transfer	O
to	O
a	O
higher	O
level	O
of	O
care	O
to	O
provide	O
highest	O
quality	O
care	O
to	O
the	O
perinatal	O
patient	O
presenting	O
with	O
a	O
severe	O
respiratory	O
condition	B-DISO
to	O
promote	O
optimal	O
outcomes	O
for	O
the	O
woman	O
and	O
the	O
fetus	B-ANAT
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Several	O
alternative	O
treatments	O
have	O
been	O
proposed	O
to	O
decrease	O
mortality	O
of	O
patients	O
with	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
distress	O
syndrome	O
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
).	O

Though	O
randomized	O
trials	O
failed	O
to	O
prove	O
survival	O
benefits	O
with	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
prone	O
positioning	O
or	O
HFOV	O
,	O
recent	O
meta	B-SPEC
-	O
analyses	O
have	O
shown	O
,	O
for	O
both	O
treatments	O
,	O
a	O
decrease	O
in	O
mortality	O
in	O
the	O
subpopulation	O
of	O
more	O
severe	O
ARDS	B-DISO
patients	O
.	O

Searches	O
of	O
MEDLINE	O
(	O
1975	O
-	O
May	O
2011	O
),	O
EMBASE	O
(	O
1980	O
-	O
May	O
2011	O
),	O
and	O
Cumulative	O
Index	O
to	O
Nursing	B-PROC
and	O
Allied	O
Health	O
Literature	O
(	O
1981	O
-	O
May	O
2011	O
)	O
were	O
conducted	O
to	O
identify	O
observational	O
and	O
interventional	O
studies	O
evaluating	O
the	O
efficacy	O
or	O
safety	O
of	O
NMBAs	O
for	O
management	O
of	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
(	O
ALI	O
)/	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
),	O
status	B-DISO
asthmaticus	I-DISO
,	O
elevated	B-DISO
intracranial	I-DISO
pressure	I-DISO
(	O
ICP	B-DISO
),	O
and	O
therapeutic	O
hypothermia	O
.	O

Recent	O
data	O
on	O
ARDS	B-DISO
demonstrated	O
that	O
early	O
application	O
of	O
NMBAs	O
improved	O
adjusted	O
90	O
-	O
day	O
survival	O
for	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
.	O

New	O
data	O
are	O
available	O
regarding	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
these	O
agents	O
for	O
treatment	O
of	O
ALI	O
/	O
ARDS	B-DISO
and	O
status	B-DISO
asthmaticus	I-DISO
,	O
management	O
of	O
elevated	O
ICP	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
provision	O
of	O
therapeutic	O
hypothermia	O
after	O
cardiac	B-DISO
arrest	I-DISO
.	O

The	O
study	O
of	O
infectious	O
disease	O
has	O
depended	O
on	O
strategies	O
for	O
integrating	O
patterns	O
of	O
observed	O
disease	O
incidence	O
with	O
mechanistic	O
process	O
models	O
since	O
John	O
Snow	O
first	O
mapped	O
cholera	B-DISO
cases	O
around	O
a	O
London	O
water	B-CHED
pump	O
in	O
1854	O
.	O

Still	O
,	O
zoonotic	O
and	O
vector	O
-	O
borne	O
diseases	O
increasingly	O
affect	O
human	B-SPEC
populations	O
,	O
and	O
methods	O
used	O
to	O
successfully	O
characterize	O
directly	O
transmitted	B-DISO
diseases	O
are	O
often	O
insufficient	O
.	O

We	O
present	O
a	O
conceptual	O
framework	O
for	O
data	O
-	O
model	O
fusion	O
in	O
infectious	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
research	O
that	O
addresses	O
these	O
fundamental	O
challenges	O
using	O
a	O
hierarchical	O
state	O
-	O
space	O
structure	O
to	O
(	O
1	O
)	O
integrate	O
multiple	O
data	O
sources	O
and	O
spatial	O
scales	B-ANAT
to	O
inform	O
latent	O
parameters	O
,	O
(	O
2	O
)	O
partition	O
uncertainty	O
in	O
process	O
and	O
observation	O
models	O
,	O
and	O
(	O
3	O
)	O
explicitly	O
build	O
upon	O
existing	O
ecological	O
and	O
epidemiological	O
understanding	O
.	O

Given	O
the	O
constraints	O
inherent	O
in	O
the	O
study	O
of	O
infectious	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
and	O
the	O
urgent	O
need	O
for	O
progress	O
,	O
fusion	O
of	O
data	O
and	O
expertise	O
via	O
this	O
type	O
of	O
conceptual	O
framework	O
should	O
prove	O
an	O
indispensable	O
tool	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
prevalence	O
of	O
respiratory	O
pathogens	O
in	O
diseased	O
veal	O
calves	O
was	O
determined	O
in	O
24	O
respiratory	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
outbreaks	O
in	O
15	O
herds	O
in	O
Belgium	O
.	O

Vaccination	O
programmes	O
using	O
different	O
combinations	O
of	O
heterologous	O
live	O
vaccines	O
at	O
day	O
0	O
or	O
at	O
days	O
0	O
and	O
14	O
induced	O
a	O
reasonable	O
to	O
high	O
level	O
of	O
protection	O
in	O
the	O
trachea	B-DISO
,	O
kidney	B-ANAT
,	O
oviduct	B-ANAT
and	O
air	B-ANAT
sacs	B-DISO
against	O
challenge	O
with	O
the	O
D388	O
strain	O
at	O
28	O
days	O
of	O
age	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
for	O
very	O
early	O
protection	O
,	O
maternally	O
-	O
derived	O
D388	O
-	O
neutralizing	O
antibodies	B-COMP
were	O
shown	O
to	O
be	O
very	O
important	O
.	O

Moreover	O
,	O
HR1	O
and	O
HR2	O
derived	O
free	O
peptides	B-CHED
are	O
inhibitors	B-CHED
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
entry	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Microwave	O
assisted	O
organic	O
synthesis	B-PROC
(	O
MAOS	O
)	O
of	O
small	O
molecules	O
as	O
potential	O
HIV	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
integrase	B-PROC
inhibitors	B-CHED
.	O

Thirteen	O
patients	O
with	O
isolated	O
blunt	O
chest	B-ANAT
injury	O
[	O
abbreviated	O
injury	O
score	O
(	O
AIS	B-DISO
)	O
2	O
-	O
5	O
]	O
were	O
included	O
.	O

Blunt	O
chest	B-ANAT
injury	O
resulted	O
in	O
the	O
activation	O
of	O
circulating	O
neutrophils	O
,	O
as	O
characterized	O
by	O
a	O
decreased	O
expression	B-PROC
of	O
l	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
selectin	I-PRGE
(	O
CD62L	B-PRGE
),	O
CXCR2	B-PRGE
(	O
CD182b	O
)	O
and	O
C5aR	B-PRGE
(	O
CD88	B-PRGE
)	O
compared	O
to	O
control	O
(	O
p	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
).	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
(	O
ALI	O
)	O
has	O
been	O
recognized	O
as	O
a	O
consequence	O
of	O
blood	O
transfusion	O
(	O
BT	O
)	O
since	O
1978	O
;	O
the	O
Food	O
and	O
Drug	O
Administration	O
,	O
has	O
classified	O
it	O
as	O
the	O
third	O
BT	O
mortality	O
issue	O
,	O
in	O
2004	O
,	O
and	O
in	O
first	O
place	O
related	O
with	O
ALI	O
.	O

Acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
),	O
transfusion	B-DISO
associated	I-DISO
circulatory	I-DISO
overload	I-DISO
(	O
TACO	B-DISO
)	O
and	O
transfusion	B-DISO
related	I-DISO
acute	I-DISO
lung	I-DISO
injury	I-DISO
(	O
TRALI	B-DISO
).	O

Antileukocyte	O
antibodies	B-COMP
in	O
blood	B-ANAT
donors	O
plasma	B-ANAT
,	O
caused	O
TRALI	B-DISO
in	O
89	O
%	O
of	O
cases	O
;	O
also	O
it	O
has	O
been	O
found	O
antigen	O
specificity	O
against	O
leukocyte	B-PRGE
blood	B-ANAT
receptor	I-PRGE
in	O
59	O
%.	O

The	O
UCI	O
patients	O
who	O
received	O
a	O
BT	O
have	O
ALI	O
as	O
a	O
complication	B-DISO
in	O
40	O
%	O
of	O
cases	O
.	O

The	O
prevalence	O
of	O
influenza	B-SPEC
A	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
was	O
3	O
.	O
2	O
%	O
(	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
:	O
0	O
-	O
6	O
.	O
6	O
)	O
with	O
a	O
1	O
.	O
7	O
%	O
(	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
:	O
0	O
-	O
3	O
.	O
2	O
)	O
prevalence	O
of	O
H5N1	B-DISO
being	O
detected	O
.	O

Positive	O
cases	O
of	O
H5N1	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
were	O
found	O
in	O
two	O
out	O
of	O
three	O
vultures	O
in	O
Ouagadougou	O
,	O
and	O
in	O
three	O
out	O
of	O
203	O
local	O
chickens	B-SPEC
in	O
the	O
Western	O
Region	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
As	O
part	O
of	O
our	O
ongoing	O
surveillance	O
program	O
,	O
40	O
field	O
strains	O
of	O
avian	O
infectious	O
bronchitis	O
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
IBV	B-SPEC
)	O
were	O
isolated	O
from	O
dead	B-PROC
or	O
diseased	O
chicken	B-SPEC
flocks	O
in	O
different	O
areas	O
of	O
China	O
between	O
2009	O
and	O
2010	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Report	O
of	O
the	O
'	O
mechanisms	O
of	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
and	O
immunomodulator	B-CHED
interventions	O
in	O
influenza	B-DISO
'	O
workshop	O
,	O
21	O
March	O
2010	O
,	O
Ventura	O
,	O
California	O
,	O
USA	O
.	O

In	O
addition	O
,	O
therapeutic	O
agents	O
that	O
target	O
host	B-PROC
response	I-PROC
proteins	B-CHED
and	O
pathways	B-PROC
were	O
identified	O
and	O
investigational	O
agents	O
in	O
development	B-PROC
reviewed	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
a	O
better	O
understanding	O
of	O
common	O
cell	B-COMP
signalling	B-PROC
pathways	B-PROC
associated	O
with	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
caused	O
by	O
influenza	B-DISO
and	O
other	O
pathogens	O
is	O
necessary	O
to	O
understand	O
immunopathologic	O
causes	O
of	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
.	O

We	O
conducted	O
a	O
molecular	O
epidemiology	O
study	O
to	O
investigate	O
different	O
genotypes	O
and	O
potential	O
recombination	B-PROC
in	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
OC43	I-SPEC
.	O

Twenty	O
-	O
nine	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
OC43	I-SPEC
strains	O
from	O
nasopharyngeal	B-ANAT
aspirates	B-ANAT
,	O
collected	O
from	O
2004	O
to	O
2011	O
,	O
were	O
subjected	O
to	O
RNA	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
dependent	I-PRGE
RNA	I-PRGE
polymerase	I-PRGE
(	O
RdRp	B-FUNC
),	O
spike	O
,	O
and	O
nucleocapsid	B-COMP
gene	O
analysis	O
.	O

Phylogenetic	O
analysis	O
showed	O
at	O
least	O
three	O
distinct	O
clusters	B-CHED
of	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
OC43	I-SPEC
,	O
although	O
10	O
unusual	O
strains	O
displayed	O
incongruent	O
phylogenetic	O
positions	O
between	O
RdRp	B-FUNC
and	O
spike	O
genes	O
.	O

This	O
represents	O
the	O
first	O
study	O
to	O
describe	O
natural	O
recombination	B-PROC
in	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
OC43	I-SPEC
and	O
the	O
evolution	B-PROC
of	O
different	O
genotypes	O
over	O
time	O
,	O
leading	O
to	O
the	O
emergence	O
of	O
novel	O
genotype	O
D	O
,	O
which	O
is	O
associated	O
with	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
in	O
our	O
elderly	O
population	O
.	O

Partial	O
sequencing	O
of	O
the	O
S1	B-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
revealed	O
153	O
vaccine	O
strains	O
and	O
49	O
field	O
isolates	O
of	O
several	O
genetic	O
groups	O
.	O

No	O
patient	O
developed	O
a	O
reaction	O
meeting	O
the	O
study	O
definition	O
of	O
a	O
severe	O
complication	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
cleavage	B-PROC
efficiency	O
for	O
the	O
substrate	O
with	O
serine	B-CHED
in	O
the	O
P2	O
position	O
was	O
160	O
-	O
times	O
lower	O
than	O
that	O
for	O
the	O
original	O
substrate	O
(	O
P2	B-CHED
=	I-CHED
Leu	I-CHED
);	O
furthermore	O
,	O
the	O
substrate	O
with	O
aspartic	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
in	O
the	O
P2	O
position	O
was	O
not	O
cleaved	B-ANAT
at	O
all	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Respiratory	O
viral	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
in	O
hematopoietic	B-ANAT
stem	I-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
and	O
solid	O
organ	B-ANAT
transplant	I-ANAT
recipients	O
.	O

The	O
disorder	O
is	O
mainly	O
caused	O
by	O
a	O
delayed	O
resorption	B-PROC
of	O
foetal	O
lung	B-ANAT
fluid	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Sustained	O
high	O
-	O
efficiency	O
daily	O
diafiltration	O
using	O
a	O
mediator	O
-	O
adsorbing	O
membrane	B-COMP
(	O
SHEDD	O
-	O
fA	O
)	O
is	O
an	O
effective	O
,	O
intensive	O
modality	O
for	O
sepsis	B-DISO
treatment	O
.	O

SHEDD	O
-	O
fA	O
was	O
initiated	O
after	O
adequate	O
fluid	O
resuscitation	O
and	O
catecholamine	B-CHED
support	O
had	O
been	O
provided	O
.	O

A	O
large	O
(	O
2	O
.	O
1	O
m	O
(	O
2	O
))	O
polymethylmethacrylate	B-CHED
membrane	B-COMP
dialyzer	O
was	O
placed	O
in	O
the	O
blood	B-ANAT
circuit	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Effect	O
of	O
sialodacryoadenitis	O
virus	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
on	O
axonal	O
regeneration	B-PROC
.	O

Active	O
SDAV	O
infection	B-DISO
severely	O
impaired	B-DISO
nerve	B-PROC
regeneration	B-PROC
and	O
negated	O
the	O
positive	O
effect	O
of	O
FK506	O
on	O
nerve	B-PROC
regeneration	B-PROC
in	O
rats	B-SPEC
.	O

We	O
have	O
assessed	O
the	O
detection	O
rate	O
of	O
a	O
multiplex	O
real	O
-	O
time	O
polymerase	O
chain	O
reaction	O
(	O
PCR	O
)	O
test	O
,	O
with	O
emphasis	O
on	O
epidemiology	O
and	O
seasonal	O
distribution	O
of	O
the	O
most	O
common	O
respiratory	B-DISO
tract	I-DISO
infections	I-DISO
.	O

Seven	O
thousand	O
eight	O
hundred	O
and	O
fifty	O
-	O
three	O
nasopharyngeal	B-ANAT
samples	O
from	O
7220	O
patients	O
(	O
age	O
range	O
0	O
-	O
98	O
y	O
,	O
median	O
22	O
y	O
)	O
obtained	O
during	O
36	O
consecutive	O
months	O
(	O
November	O
2006	O
-	O
October	O
2009	O
),	O
were	O
analyzed	O
with	O
a	O
multiplex	O
PCR	O
panel	O
including	O
influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
(	O
IfA	O
)	O
and	O
B	O
(	O
IfB	O
)	O
virus	B-SPEC
,	O
parainfluenza	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
PIV	O
)	O
1	O
-	O
3	O
,	O
respiratory	B-SPEC
syncytial	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
RSV	B-SPEC
),	O
human	B-SPEC
rhinovirus	I-SPEC
(	O
HRV	O
),	O
human	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
(	O
CoV	O
)	O
OC43	O
,	O
NL63	O
,	O
and	O
229E	O
,	O
human	B-SPEC
metapneumovirus	I-SPEC
(	O
HMPV	B-SPEC
),	O
adenovirus	B-DISO
(	O
AdV	O
),	O
enterovirus	B-SPEC
(	O
EV	O
),	O
and	O
2	O
bacteria	B-SPEC
--	O
Mycoplasma	B-SPEC
pneumoniae	I-SPEC
and	O
Chlamydophila	B-SPEC
pneumoniae	I-SPEC
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Of	O
the	O
total	O
samples	O
,	O
44	O
.	O
5	O
%	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
3496	O
)	O
were	O
positive	O
for	O
at	O
least	O
1	O
agent	O
,	O
with	O
HRV	O
being	O
the	O
most	O
common	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
1482	O
,	O
38	O
.	O
0	O
%),	O
followed	O
by	O
RSV	B-SPEC
(	O
n	O
=	O
526	O
,	O
13	O
.	O
5	O
%)	O
and	O
IfA	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
403	O
,	O
10	O
.	O
3	O
%).	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
A	O
shotgun	O
proteomics	O
approach	O
was	O
used	O
to	O
characterize	O
and	O
compare	O
the	O
proteins	B-CHED
that	O
lead	O
to	O
the	O
formation	B-PROC
of	O
a	O
rich	O
""""	O
protein	B-CHED
corona	B-CHED
""""	O
adsorbed	O
onto	O
the	O
surfaces	O
of	O
cationic	O
liposomes	O
(	O
CLs	B-DISO
),	O
lipoplexes	O
,	O
and	O
lipid	B-CHED
/	O
polycation	B-CHED
/	O
DNA	O
(	O
LPD	O
)	O
complexes	O
,	O
when	O
they	O
come	O
into	O
contact	O
with	O
plasma	B-ANAT
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Viruses	B-SPEC
cause	O
a	O
high	O
percentage	O
of	O
community	O
-	O
acquired	O
pneumonias	O
.	O

The	O
advent	O
of	O
polymerase	O
chain	O
reaction	O
and	O
other	O
molecular	O
techniques	O
has	O
been	O
associated	O
with	O
the	O
detection	O
of	O
a	O
higher	O
prevalence	O
of	O
common	O
respiratory	O
viruses	B-SPEC
than	O
previously	O
suspected	O
.	O

The	O
results	O
of	O
the	O
current	O
study	O
demonstrated	O
a	O
decrease	O
in	O
the	O
activity	O
of	O
the	O
complex	B-COMP
I	I-COMP
by	O
31	O
and	O
48	O
%	O
at	O
18	O
and	O
24	O
h	O
respectively	O
after	O
the	O
thioacetamide	B-CHED
injection	O
.	O

The	O
inhibition	B-PROC
of	O
the	O
respiratory	O
complexes	O
III	O
and	O
I	O
and	O
pyruvate	B-PATH
dehydrogenase	I-PATH
might	O
lead	O
to	O
the	O
increased	O
production	O
of	O
free	B-CHED
radical	I-CHED
resulting	O
in	O
oxidative	B-DISO
stress	I-DISO
and	O
cerebral	B-ANAT
energy	O
disturbances	O
thereby	O
leading	O
to	O
mitochondrial	B-PROC
swelling	B-DISO
and	O
further	O
contributing	O
to	O
the	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
of	O
FHF	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Disease	O
burden	O
of	O
the	O
most	O
commonly	O
detected	O
respiratory	O
viruses	B-SPEC
in	O
hospitalized	O
patients	O
calculated	O
using	O
the	O
disability	O
adjusted	O
life	O
year	O
(	O
DALY	O
)	O
model	O
.	O

Diagnostic	O
testing	O
results	O
from	O
samples	O
collected	O
over	O
three	O
years	O
for	O
adenovirus	B-DISO
(	O
AdV	O
),	O
influenzas	B-DISO
A	O
and	O
B	O
,	O
parainfluenza	B-DISO
viruses	B-SPEC
1	O
,	O
2	O
and	O
3	O
(	O
PIV	O
-	O
1	O
,	O
-	O
2	O
and	O
-	O
3	O
),	O
respiratory	O
syncytial	O
virus	O
(	O
HRSV	B-SPEC
),	O
and	O
previously	O
published	O
retrospective	O
screening	O
for	O
human	B-SPEC
metapneumovirus	I-SPEC
,	O
rhinoviruses	B-SPEC
,	O
and	O
four	O
respiratory	O
coronaviruses	O
were	O
applied	O
to	O
the	O
DALY	O
model	O
.	O

These	O
analyses	O
provide	O
a	O
framework	O
which	O
can	O
be	O
used	O
to	O
identify	O
where	O
finite	O
resources	O
should	O
be	O
directed	O
in	O
respiratory	O
therapeutics	O
and	O
vaccine	O
development	B-PROC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Physiological	O
techniques	O
for	O
detecting	O
expiratory	B-PROC
flow	O
limitation	O
during	O
tidal	O
breathing	B-PROC
.	O

In	O
fact	O
,	O
EFL	O
(	O
T	O
)	O
occurs	O
commonly	O
in	O
COPD	B-DISO
patients	O
(	O
mainly	O
in	O
Global	O
Initiative	O
for	O
Chronic	B-DISO
Obstructive	I-DISO
Lung	I-DISO
Disease	I-DISO
III	O
and	O
IV	O
stage	O
),	O
in	O
whom	O
the	O
latter	O
symptoms	O
are	O
common	O
,	O
but	O
is	O
not	O
exclusive	O
to	O
COPD	B-DISO
,	O
since	O
it	O
can	O
also	O
be	O
detected	O
in	O
other	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
and	O
nonpulmonary	O
diseases	O
like	O
asthma	B-PATH
,	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
distress	O
syndrome	O
,	O
heart	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
and	O
obesity	B-DISO
,	O
etc	O
.	O

During	O
days	O
1	O
-	O
10	O
post	O
-	O
randomisation	O
,	O
P	O
(	O
a	O
,	O
O	O
(	O
2	O
))/	O
F	O
(	O
I	O
,	O
O	O
(	O
2	O
))),	O
oxygenation	B-PROC
index	O
,	O
plateau	O
pressure	O
and	O
respiratory	O
compliance	O
were	O
improved	O
in	O
the	O
HFO	O
-	O
TGI	O
group	O
versus	O
the	O
CMV	B-SPEC
group	O
(	O
p	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
001	O
for	O
group	O
×	O
time	O
).	O

However	O
,	O
the	O
most	O
lung	B-ANAT
protective	O
tidal	O
volume	O
in	O
association	O
with	O
hypercapnia	B-DISO
is	O
unknown	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Inhibition	B-PROC
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
pseudovirus	O
cell	B-COMP
entry	O
by	O
lactoferrin	B-PRGE
binding	B-FUNC
to	O
heparan	B-CHED
sulfate	I-CHED
proteoglycans	B-CHED
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Infectious	B-DISO
respiratory	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
outbreaks	O
and	O
pregnancy	O
:	O
occupational	O
health	O
and	O
safety	O
concerns	O
of	O
Canadian	O
nurses	O
.	O

Nurses	O
'	O
fears	O
of	O
fertility	B-DISO
risks	O
posed	O
by	O
exposure	O
to	O
infectious	B-DISO
agents	O
or	O
anti	O
-	O
infective	O
therapy	O
and	O
prophylaxis	O
are	O
not	O
well	O
supported	O
by	O
the	O
literature	O
,	O
with	O
the	O
former	O
not	O
biologically	O
plausible	O
and	O
the	O
latter	O
lacking	O
sufficient	O
data	O
.	O

In	O
our	O
prospective	O
non	O
-	O
controlled	O
trial	O
,	O
we	O
enrolled	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
neurological	B-DISO
symptoms	I-DISO
and	O
confirmed	O
recent	O
E	O
coli	O
O104	O
:	O
H4	O
infection	B-DISO
without	O
other	O
acute	O
bacterial	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
or	O
raised	O
procalcitonin	O
concentrations	O
.	O

Composite	O
neurological	B-DISO
symptom	I-DISO
scores	O
increased	O
in	O
the	O
3	O
days	O
before	O
immunoadsorption	O
to	O
3	O
·	O
0	O
(	O
SD	O
1	O
·	O
1	O
,	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
·	O
038	O
),	O
and	O
improved	O
to	O
1	O
·	O
0	O
(	O
1	O
·	O
2	O
,	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
·	O
0006	O
)	O
3	O
days	O
after	O
immunoadsorption	O
.	O

Five	O
patients	O
who	O
were	O
intubated	O
were	O
weaned	B-PROC
within	O
48	O
h	O
,	O
two	O
within	O
4	O
days	O
,	O
and	O
two	O
patients	O
needed	O
continued	O
ventilation	O
for	O
respiratory	B-DISO
problems	I-DISO
.	O

Mutations	O
in	O
MTU1	B-PRGE
are	O
associated	O
with	O
acute	O
infantile	O
liver	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
,	O
and	O
this	O
has	O
been	O
ascribed	O
to	O
a	O
transient	O
lack	O
of	O
cysteine	B-CHED
,	O
the	O
sulfur	B-CHED
donor	B-CHED
for	O
the	O
thiouridylation	O
reaction	O
,	O
resulting	O
in	O
a	O
mitochondrial	B-PROC
translation	B-PROC
defect	O
during	O
early	O
development	B-PROC
.	O

The	O
draft	O
chicken	B-PRGE
genome	O
was	O
first	O
scanned	O
using	O
human	B-SPEC
sPLA2	O
sequences	O
to	O
identify	O
chicken	B-PRGE
sPLA2s	I-PRGE
(	O
ChPLA2	O
),	O
chicken	B-SPEC
total	O
mRNA	B-CHED
were	O
isolated	O
and	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
experiments	O
were	O
performed	O
to	O
amplify	O
and	O
then	O
sequence	O
orthologous	O
cDNAs	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Face	O
masks	O
or	O
respirators	O
are	O
commonly	O
worn	O
by	O
medical	O
professionals	O
and	O
patients	O
for	O
protection	O
against	O
respiratory	B-DISO
tract	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
and	O
the	O
spread	O
of	O
illnesses	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
and	O
pandemic	O
influenza	B-DISO
(	O
H1N1	O
).	O

Breathing	B-PROC
discomfort	B-DISO
due	O
to	O
increased	O
breathing	B-PROC
resistance	B-PROC
is	O
known	O
to	O
be	O
a	O
problem	O
with	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
N95	O
respirators	O
but	O
there	O
is	O
a	O
lack	O
of	O
scientific	O
data	O
to	O
quantify	O
this	O
effect	O
.	O

Nasal	B-ANAT
airflow	B-PROC
resistance	B-PROC
during	O
inspiration	B-PROC
and	I-PROC
expiration	I-PROC
was	O
measured	O
using	O
a	O
standard	O
rhinomanometry	O
and	O
nasal	B-ANAT
spirometry	O
.	O

The	O
results	O
showed	O
a	O
mean	O
increment	O
of	O
126	O
and	O
122	O
%	O
in	O
inspiratory	O
and	O
expiratory	B-PROC
flow	O
resistances	O
,	O
respectively	O
,	O
with	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
N95	O
respirators	O
.	O

hmAbs	O
may	O
be	O
used	O
therapeutically	O
without	O
the	O
drawbacks	O
of	O
chimeric	O
or	O
animal	B-SPEC
Abs	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Non	O
-	O
cancer	B-DISO
effects	O
of	O
chemical	O
agents	O
on	O
children	O
'	O
s	O
health	O
.	O

Maternal	O
smoking	O
during	O
pregnancy	O
is	O
a	O
risk	O
factor	O
for	O
preterm	B-DISO
birth	I-DISO
,	O
foetal	O
growth	O
deficit	B-DISO
and	O
SIDS	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Surveillance	O
using	O
serological	O
and	O
molecular	O
methods	O
for	O
the	O
detection	O
of	O
infectious	B-DISO
agents	O
in	O
captive	O
Brazilian	O
neotropic	O
and	O
exotic	O
felids	O
.	O

infections	B-DISO
were	O
detected	O
.	O

Analysis	O
of	O
the	O
consensus	O
full	O
-	O
length	O
genome	O
for	O
three	O
different	O
IBV	B-SPEC
serotypes	O
(	O
Ark	B-PRGE
,	O
GA98	O
,	O
and	O
Mass41	O
)	O
showed	O
that	O
passage	O
in	O
embryonated	O
eggs	O
,	O
to	O
attenuate	O
the	O
viruses	B-SPEC
for	O
chickens	B-SPEC
,	O
resulted	O
in	O
34	O
.	O
75	O
-	O
43	O
.	O
66	O
%	O
of	O
all	O
the	O
amino	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
changes	O
occurring	O
in	O
nsp	B-PRGE
3	I-PRGE
within	O
a	O
virus	B-SPEC
type	O
,	O
whereas	O
changes	O
in	O
the	O
spike	O
glycoprotein	B-CHED
,	O
thought	O
to	O
be	O
the	O
most	O
variable	O
protein	B-CHED
in	O
IBV	B-SPEC
,	O
ranged	O
from	O
5	O
.	O
8	O
to	O
13	O
.	O
4	O
%	O
of	O
all	O
changes	O
.	O

Prior	O
to	O
infection	B-DISO
,	O
cultured	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
were	O
either	O
treated	O
with	O
neuraminidase	B-PRGE
to	O
deplete	O
sialic	B-CHED
acids	I-CHED
from	O
the	O
cell	B-COMP
surface	I-COMP
,	O
or	O
mock	O
-	O
treated	O
.	O

In	O
a	O
second	O
approach	O
,	O
pre	O
-	O
treatment	O
of	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
with	O
porcine	B-PRGE
intestinal	B-ANAT
mucin	I-PRGE
was	O
performed	O
,	O
followed	O
by	O
the	O
plaque	O
assay	O
after	O
a	O
5	O
min	O
adsorption	O
time	O
.	O

Nasopharyngeal	B-ANAT
specimens	O
from	O
children	O
less	O
than	O
16	O
years	O
old	O
who	O
were	O
suffering	B-DISO
from	O
acute	O
respiratory	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
were	O
tested	O
for	O
hMPV	B-SPEC
and	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
NL63	I-SPEC
by	O
reverse	B-PRGE
transcriptase	I-PRGE
-	O
polymerase	O
chain	O
reaction	O
.	O

Clinical	B-DISO
findings	I-DISO
of	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
and	O
culture	O
-	O
negative	O
shock	O
were	O
established	O
in	O
7	O
children	O
infected	O
with	O
hMPV	B-SPEC
and	O
having	O
hematologic	B-DISO
malignancies	I-DISO
,	O
myelofibrosis	B-DISO
,	O
Gaucher	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
,	O
and	O
congenital	B-DISO
immunodeficiency	I-DISO
;	O
2	O
of	O
the	O
7	O
patients	O
died	B-PROC
with	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
.	O

All	O
children	O
infected	O
with	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
NL63	I-SPEC
had	O
underlying	O
conditions	O
;	O
1	O
of	O
the	O
4	O
patients	O
developed	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
A	O
recombinant	O
avian	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
bronchitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
expressing	O
a	O
heterologous	O
spike	O
gene	O
belonging	O
to	O
the	O
4	O
/	O
91	O
serotype	O
.	O

A	O
degree	O
of	O
heterologous	O
protection	O
against	O
M41	B-PRGE
challenge	I-PRGE
was	O
observed	O
,	O
albeit	O
at	O
a	O
lower	O
level	O
.	O

The	O
primary	O
endpoint	O
occurred	O
in	O
271	O
PAC	B-DISO
patients	O
versus	O
196	O
without	O
PAC	B-DISO
(	O
21	O
.	O
3	O
%	O
vs	O
.	O
15	O
.	O
4	O
%;	O
adjusted	O
odds	O
ratio	O
[	O
AOR	B-FUNC
],	O
1	O
.	O
68	O
;	O
95	O
%	O
confidence	O
interval	O
[	O
CI	O
],	O
1	O
.	O
24	O
to	O
2	O
.	O
26	O
;	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
001	O
).	O

A	O
randomized	O
controlled	O
trial	O
with	O
defined	O
hemodynamic	B-PROC
goals	O
would	O
be	O
ideal	O
to	O
either	O
confirm	O
or	O
refute	O
our	O
findings	O
.	O

Use	O
of	O
PAC	B-DISO
was	O
also	O
associated	O
with	O
prolonged	O
intensive	O
care	O
unit	O
stay	O
(	O
14	O
.	O
5	O
%	O
vs	O
10	O
.	O
1	O
%;	O
AOR	B-FUNC
,	O
1	O
.	O
55	O
;	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
,	O
1	O
.	O
06	O
to	O
2	O
.	O
27	O
;	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
02	O
).	O

We	O
present	O
a	O
report	O
of	O
its	O
clinical	O
and	O
epidemiological	O
characteristics	O
in	O
children	O
and	O
adults	O
in	O
Panama	B-SPEC
.	O

The	O
overall	O
incident	O
rate	O
was	O
23	O
.	O
35	O
cases	O
of	O
pandemic	O
influenza	B-DISO
per	O
100	O
,	O
000	O
habitants	O
,	O
with	O
the	O
highest	O
incidence	O
found	O
in	O
the	O
age	O
group	O
between	O
10	O
to	O
14	O
years	O
of	O
age	O
(	O
58	O
.	O
67	O
cases	O
per	O
100	O
,	O
000	O
habitants	O
).	O

Fever	B-PROC
and	O
cough	B-DISO
were	O
the	O
most	O
frequent	O
symptoms	O
reported	O
in	O
all	O
age	O
groups	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
From	O
26	O
April	O
2009	O
to	O
11	O
January	O
2010	O
,	O
confirmed	O
cases	O
of	O
pandemic	O
2009	O
Influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
(	O
H1N1	O
)	O
reached	O
806	O
.	O

Since	O
the	O
RNA	O
pseudoknot	O
located	O
in	O
the	O
frameshifting	O
region	O
of	O
IBV	B-SPEC
was	O
used	O
as	O
bait	O
for	O
cellular	B-COMP
RBPs	O
,	O
we	O
tested	O
whether	O
ANXA2	B-PRGE
could	O
regulate	O
the	O
frameshfting	O
of	O
IBV	B-SPEC
pseudoknot	O
RNA	O
by	O
dual	O
luciferase	B-ENZY
assay	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Novel	O
system	O
for	O
detecting	O
SARS	B-PRGE
coronavirus	B-SPEC
nucleocapsid	B-COMP
protein	B-CHED
using	O
an	O
ssDNA	O
aptamer	O
.	O

Enzyme	O
-	O
linked	O
immunosorbent	O
assay	O
(	O
ELISA	O
)	O
analysis	O
was	O
then	O
used	O
to	O
identify	O
the	O
aptamer	O
with	O
the	O
highest	O
binding	B-FUNC
affinity	O
to	O
the	O
SARS	B-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
nucleocapsid	B-COMP
protein	B-CHED
.	O

Using	O
this	O
approach	O
,	O
an	O
ssDNA	O
aptamer	O
that	O
binds	O
to	O
the	O
nucleocapsid	B-COMP
protein	B-CHED
with	O
a	O
K	O
(	O
d	O
)	O
of	O
4	O
.	O
93	O
±	O
0	O
.	O
30nM	O
was	O
identified	O
.	O

In	O
other	O
conditions	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
tuberculosis	B-PATH
,	O
interstitial	B-DISO
lung	B-ANAT
disease	I-DISO
,	O
acute	O
lung	B-DISO
aspiration	I-DISO
,	O
and	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
,	O
CS	O
are	O
often	O
used	O
empirically	O
despite	O
the	O
lack	O
of	O
clear	O
evidence	O
of	O
their	O
benefit	O
.	O

These	O
have	O
been	O
reduced	O
,	O
but	O
not	O
eliminated	O
,	O
with	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
the	O
inhaled	B-PROC
route	O
.	O

Possible	O
enterococcal	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
pathways	B-PROC
and	O
mechanisms	O
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
development	B-PROC
are	O
discussed	O
.	O

Subtle	O
structural	O
differences	O
in	O
the	O
S2	O
and	O
S3	O
pockets	O
of	O
these	O
proteases	O
make	O
inhibitors	B-CHED
selective	O
,	O
but	O
some	O
dual	O
inhibitors	B-CHED
have	O
been	O
discovered	O
.	O

Our	O
findings	O
as	O
summarized	O
in	O
the	O
present	O
review	O
provide	O
new	O
potential	O
anti	O
-	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
and	O
anti	O
-	O
picornavirus	B-SPEC
therapeutic	O
agents	O
and	O
a	O
clue	O
to	O
convert	O
3CLpro	O
inhibitors	O
into	O
3Cpro	O
inhibitors	B-CHED
and	O
vice	O
versa	O
.	O

The	O
facemask	O
was	O
challenged	O
by	O
both	O
pseudo	O
-	O
steady	O
and	O
highly	O
transient	O
emissions	B-ANAT
generated	O
by	O
an	O
expiratory	B-PROC
process	O
where	O
parameters	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
separation	B-DISO
distance	O
between	O
manikins	O
,	O
emission	B-ANAT
velocity	O
and	O
expiratory	B-PROC
duration	O
,	O
were	O
controlled	O
and	O
measured	O
systematically	O
.	O

It	O
was	O
also	O
observed	O
that	O
the	O
separation	B-DISO
between	O
the	O
source	O
and	O
the	O
manikin	O
was	O
the	O
most	O
influential	O
parameter	O
affecting	O
facemask	O
protection	O
.	O

While	O
a	O
variety	O
of	O
vaccine	O
platforms	O
have	O
shown	O
efficacy	O
in	O
young	O
-	O
animal	B-SPEC
models	O
and	O
against	O
homologous	O
viral	O
strains	O
,	O
vaccine	O
efficacy	O
has	O
not	O
been	O
thoroughly	O
evaluated	O
using	O
highly	O
pathogenic	O
variants	O
that	O
replicate	O
the	O
acute	O
end	O
stage	O
lung	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
phenotypes	O
seen	O
during	O
the	O
human	B-SPEC
epidemic	O
.	O

Using	O
an	O
adjuvanted	O
and	O
an	O
unadjuvanted	O
double	O
-	O
inactivated	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
(	O
DIV	B-PRGE
)	O
vaccine	O
,	O
we	O
demonstrate	O
an	O
eosinophilic	O
immunopathology	B-DISO
in	O
aged	O
mice	B-SPEC
comparable	O
to	O
that	O
seen	O
in	O
mice	B-SPEC
immunized	O
with	O
the	O
SARS	B-PRGE
nucleocapsid	B-COMP
protein	B-CHED
,	O
and	O
poor	O
protection	O
against	O
a	O
nonlethal	O
heterologous	O
challenge	O
.	O

In	O
young	O
and	O
1	O
-	O
year	O
-	O
old	O
animals	O
,	O
we	O
demonstrate	O
that	O
adjuvanted	O
DIV	O
vaccine	O
provides	O
protection	O
against	O
lethal	O
disease	O
in	O
young	O
animals	B-SPEC
following	O
homologous	O
and	O
heterologous	O
challenge	O
,	O
although	O
enhanced	O
immune	O
pathology	B-DISO
and	O
eosinophilia	B-DISO
are	O
evident	O
following	O
heterologous	O
challenge	O
.	O

In	O
contrast	O
,	O
DIV	O
vaccines	O
(	O
both	O
adjuvanted	O
and	O
unadjuvanted	O
)	O
performed	O
poorly	O
in	O
aged	O
-	O
animal	B-SPEC
models	O
.	O

Patterns	O
of	O
muscle	B-DISO
weakness	I-DISO
involved	O
limb	B-ANAT
,	O
trunk	B-ANAT
,	O
bulbar	B-ANAT
,	O
respiratory	O
,	O
facial	B-ANAT
and	O
extraocular	B-ANAT
muscles	I-ANAT
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Predictive	O
value	O
of	O
bronchoscopy	O
in	O
assessing	O
the	O
severity	O
of	O
inhalation	B-PROC
injury	O
.	O

In	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
the	O
authors	O
evaluated	O
whether	O
bronchoscopic	O
grading	O
of	O
injury	O
clinically	O
correlated	O
with	O
indices	O
of	O
gas	B-ENZY
exchange	O
over	O
the	O
first	O
72	O
hours	O
or	O
predicted	O
differences	O
in	O
hospitalization	O
outcomes	O
.	O

They	O
conducted	O
a	O
single	O
-	O
center	O
retrospective	O
review	O
of	O
all	O
mechanically	O
ventilated	O
adults	O
with	O
suspected	O
inhalation	B-PROC
injury	O
and	O
thermal	O
injury	O
over	O
an	O
18	O
-	O
month	O
period	O
.	O

We	O
present	O
a	O
case	O
,	O
with	O
fatal	O
outcome	O
,	O
of	O
a	O
man	B-CHED
of	O
19	O
years	O
with	O
no	O
previous	O
history	O
other	O
than	O
an	O
addiction	B-DISO
to	O
cannabis	B-DISO
using	O
""""	O
bang	O
"""."	O

Bronchoalveolar	O
lavage	O
revealed	O
massive	O
alveolar	B-ANAT
haemorrhage	B-DISO
.	O

Investigations	O
for	O
infection	B-DISO
and	O
immunological	O
disorder	O
were	O
negative	O
and	O
toxicology	O
was	O
negative	O
except	O
for	O
cannabis	B-DISO
.	O

Autopsy	O
showed	O
toxic	O
alveolar	B-ANAT
haemorrhage	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
GBS	B-DISO
represents	O
a	O
hospital	O
frequency	O
of	O
0	O
.	O
45	O
%	O
o	O
.	O

The	O
course	O
of	O
the	O
disease	O
is	O
often	O
mild	O
and	O
severe	O
scars	B-DISO
are	O
only	O
encountered	O
in	O
5	O
to	O
10	O
%	O
of	O
cases	O
.	O

A	O
specific	O
therapy	O
by	O
intravenous	O
polyvalent	B-PRGE
immunoglobulin	I-PRGE
was	O
prescribed	O
for	O
14	O
patients	O
.	O

The	O
evolution	B-PROC
was	O
favourable	O
in	O
10	O
cases	O
with	O
total	O
recovery	O
three	O
cases	O
of	O
drop	B-DISO
foot	I-DISO
gait	I-DISO
were	O
observed	O
,	O
seven	O
patients	O
were	O
lost	B-CHED
to	O
follow	O
up	O
and	O
two	O
patients	O
are	O
dead	B-PROC
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
GB	O
syndrome	B-DISO
is	O
the	O
most	O
frequent	O
cause	O
of	O
child	O
acute	O
primitive	O
distal	O
paralysis	O
,	O
since	O
acute	B-DISO
polio	I-DISO
has	O
been	O
eradicated	O
.	O

Previous	O
studies	O
have	O
demonstrated	O
absolute	O
requirement	O
of	O
NF	O
-	O
κB	O
activation	O
for	O
efficient	O
replication	O
of	O
HSV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
1	I-SPEC
and	O
HSV	B-SPEC
-	O
2	O
and	O
inhibition	B-PROC
of	O
NF	O
-	O
κB	O
activation	O
has	O
been	O
shown	O
to	O
suppress	O
HSV	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
.	O

At	O
150	O
and	O
450	O
μg	O
/	O
ml	O
,	O
HCWE	O
blocked	O
infectious	B-DISO
HSV	B-SPEC
-	O
2	O
production	O
by	O
more	O
than	O
3	O
and	O
4	O
logs	O
,	O
respectively	O
.	O

Although	O
activation	O
of	O
NF	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
κB	I-PRGE
and	I-PRGE
Erk	I-PRGE
MAPK	B-FUNC
has	O
been	O
implicated	O
for	O
HSV	B-SPEC
replication	O
and	O
growth	B-PROC
,	O
HCWE	O
showed	O
no	O
effect	O
on	O
HSV	B-SPEC
-	O
2	O
-	O
induced	O
Erk	B-FUNC
activation	O
.	O

Herein	O
,	O
we	O
show	O
that	O
a	O
single	O
point	B-PROC
mutation	I-PROC
in	O
the	O
viral	O
spike	O
(	O
S	O
)	O
glycoprotein	B-CHED
(	O
Y241H	O
),	O
acquired	O
during	O
viral	O
persistence	O
in	O
human	B-SPEC
neural	O
cells	B-COMP
,	O
led	O
to	O
a	O
hind	O
-	O
limb	B-ANAT
paralytic	O
disease	O
in	O
infected	O
mice	B-SPEC
.	O

As	O
activation	O
of	O
the	O
p38	B-FUNC
MAPK	B-FUNC
pathway	B-PROC
and	O
induction	O
of	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
6	I-FUNC
and	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
8	I-FUNC
may	O
have	O
multiple	O
pathogenic	O
effects	O
on	O
the	O
whole	O
host	B-COMP
as	O
well	O
as	O
on	O
individual	O
infected	O
cells	B-COMP
,	O
regulation	B-PROC
of	O
the	O
p38	B-PRGE
MAPK	B-FUNC
and	O
DUSP1	B-PRGE
feedback	O
loop	O
by	O
IBV	B-SPEC
may	O
modulate	O
the	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
of	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
.	O

Once	O
more	O
fully	O
implemented	O
,	O
an	O
evaluation	O
will	O
be	O
initiated	O
to	O
determine	O
the	O
degree	O
to	O
which	O
these	O
public	O
health	O
competencies	O
are	O
being	O
achieved	O
by	O
family	B-SPEC
medicine	B-CHED
graduates	O
,	O
especially	O
whether	O
they	O
attained	O
the	O
knowledge	O
,	O
skills	O
,	O
and	O
confidence	O
necessary	O
to	O
effectively	O
face	B-DISO
diverse	O
public	O
health	O
situations	O
-	O
from	O
common	O
to	O
emergent	O
.	O

Moreover	O
,	O
this	O
synergy	O
was	O
blocked	O
by	O
an	O
IκB	B-PRGE
kinase	I-PRGE
inhibitor	O
,	O
BAY	O
11	O
-	O
7082	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Quercetin	B-CHED
7	O
-	O
rhamnoside	B-CHED
reduces	O
porcine	B-SPEC
epidemic	I-SPEC
diarrhea	I-SPEC
virus	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
via	O
independent	O
pathway	B-PROC
of	O
viral	O
induced	O
reactive	B-CHED
oxygen	I-CHED
species	I-CHED
.	O

Antiviral	B-CHED
activity	O
of	O
antioxidants	B-CHED
such	O
as	O
NAC	B-COMP
,	O
pyrrolidine	B-CHED
dithiocarbamate	O
(	O
PDTC	O
),	O
and	O
the	O
vitamin	B-CHED
E	I-CHED
derivative	O
,	O
trolox	O
,	O
were	O
hardly	O
noticed	O
.	O

The	O
average	O
PC	O
volume	O
percentage	O
was	O
21	O
.	O
86	O
%	O
±	O
13	O
.	O
90	O
%	O
(	O
range	O
,	O
5	O
.	O
6	O
%	O
to	O
61	O
.	O
0	O
%),	O
which	O
was	O
inconsistently	O
correlated	O
with	O
the	O
admission	O
partial	O
pressure	O
of	O
oxygen	O
/	O
fraction	O
of	O
inspired	B-PROC
oxygen	B-CHED
ratio	O
(	O
R	O
(	O
2	O
)	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
083	O
).	O

APE1	B-PRGE
does	O
not	O
cleave	O
strong	O
doublestranded	O
regions	O
of	O
RNA	O
and	O
it	O
has	O
a	O
strong	O
preference	O
for	O
3	O
'	O
of	O
pyrimidine	B-CHED
,	O
especially	O
towards	O
UA	O
,	O
CA	O
,	O
and	O
UG	O
sites	O
at	O
single	O
-	O
stranded	O
or	O
weakly	O
paired	O
regions	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Pre	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
eclampsia	I-DISO
/	O
Eclampsia	B-DISO
is	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
leading	O
causes	O
of	O
maternal	O
and	O
perinatal	B-DISO
morbidity	I-DISO
and	O
mortality	O
in	O
sub	O
-	O
Saharan	O
Africa	O
including	O
Nigeria	O
.	O

Activation	O
of	O
viral	B-COMP
glycoprotein	I-COMP
(	O
GP	O
)	O
by	O
protease	O
also	O
has	O
been	O
reported	O
for	O
influenza	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
.	O

The	O
most	O
distinctive	O
difference	O
between	O
influenza	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
and	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
is	O
the	O
stage	O
during	O
virus	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
in	O
which	O
viral	O
glycoproteins	B-CHED
are	O
cleaved	B-ANAT
by	O
proteases	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Referral	O
to	O
an	O
extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenation	B-PROC
center	O
and	O
mortality	O
among	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
2009	O
influenza	O
A	O
(	O
H1N1	O
).	O

ECMO	O
was	O
used	O
to	O
treat	O
patients	O
with	O
ARDS	B-DISO
during	O
the	O
2009	O
influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
(	O
H1N1	O
)	O
pandemic	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Of	O
80	O
ECMO	O
-	O
referred	O
patients	O
,	O
69	O
received	O
ECMO	O
(	O
86	O
.	O
3	O
%)	O
and	O
22	O
died	B-PROC
(	O
27	O
.	O
5	O
%)	O
prior	O
to	O
discharge	B-ANAT
from	O
the	O
hospital	O
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
For	O
patients	O
with	O
H1N1	O
-	O
related	O
ARDS	B-DISO
,	O
referral	O
and	O
transfer	O
to	O
an	O
ECMO	O
center	O
was	O
associated	O
with	O
lower	O
hospital	O
mortality	O
compared	O
with	O
matched	O
non	O
-	O
ECMO	O
-	O
referred	O
patients	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Human	B-SPEC
coronaviruses	O
(	O
HCoVs	O
)	O
cause	O
upper	B-ANAT
respiratory	I-ANAT
tract	I-ANAT
and	O
occasionally	O
lower	B-ANAT
respiratory	I-ANAT
tract	I-ANAT
diseases	O
.	O

A	O
46	O
-	O
year	O
-	O
old	O
female	O
,	O
health	O
care	O
worker	O
with	O
diabetes	B-DISO
and	O
presenting	O
with	O
influenza	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
like	I-DISO
illness	I-DISO
(	O
ILI	O
)	O
was	O
admitted	O
to	O
the	O
hospital	O
.	O

During	O
9	O
days	O
of	O
influenza	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
like	I-DISO
symptoms	I-DISO
,	O
the	O
patient	O
had	O
diabetes	B-DISO
decompensation	O
,	O
haemorrhagic	B-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
,	O
rhabdomyolysis	B-DISO
,	O
respiratory	O
and	O
renal	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
,	O
pericarditis	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
brain	B-DISO
edema	I-DISO
and	O
died	B-PROC
.	O

The	O
objective	O
of	O
the	O
study	O
is	O
to	O
review	O
a	O
single	O
institution	O
'	O
s	O
experience	O
with	O
high	O
-	O
frequency	O
oscillatory	O
ventilation	O
(	O
HFOV	O
)	O
and	O
compare	O
patient	O
characteristics	O
,	O
outcomes	O
,	O
and	O
complications	O
with	O
other	O
reported	O
studies	O
of	O
HFOV	O
use	O
in	O
burn	O
patients	O
with	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
and	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
.	O

Patient	O
data	O
were	O
collected	O
,	O
including	O
demographics	O
,	O
percentage	O
of	O
TBSA	O
burn	O
,	O
percentage	O
of	O
full	O
-	O
thickness	O
burn	O
,	O
mechanisms	O
of	O
burn	O
,	O
settings	O
on	O
conventional	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
and	O
HFOV	O
,	O
and	O
blood	B-PROC
gas	B-ENZY
data	O
before	O
initiation	O
of	O
HFOV	O
and	O
at	O
1	O
,	O
3	O
,	O
6	O
,	O
12	O
,	O
24	O
,	O
72	O
(	O
3	O
days	O
),	O
120	O
(	O
5	O
days	O
),	O
168	O
(	O
7	O
days	O
),	O
240	O
(	O
10	O
days	O
),	O
and	O
336	O
hours	O
(	O
14	O
days	O
).	O

Flame	O
burn	O
was	O
responsible	O
for	O
92	O
.	O
9	O
%	O
of	O
the	O
deaths	B-PROC
,	O
followed	O
by	O
5	O
.	O
3	O
%	O
of	O
deaths	B-PROC
due	O
to	O
chemical	O
burns	O
and	O
1	O
.	O
8	O
%	O
to	O
scalding	O
.	O

The	O
eyes	B-ANAT
are	O
typically	O
involved	O
in	O
TEN	B-PRGE
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Pulmonary	B-DISO
complications	I-DISO
together	O
with	O
surgical	O
complications	O
are	O
the	O
most	O
frequent	O
causes	O
for	O
morbidity	O
and	O
mortality	O
after	O
thoracoabdominal	O
esophagectomy	O
.	O

Thus	O
,	O
the	O
choice	O
of	O
the	O
thoracotomy	O
method	O
during	O
the	O
thoracoabdominal	O
esophagectomy	O
and	O
the	O
resultant	O
cytokine	O
levels	O
may	O
contribute	O
to	O
the	O
occurrence	O
of	O
postoperative	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
complications	I-DISO
and	O
may	O
have	O
an	O
impact	O
on	O
the	O
extent	O
and	O
severity	O
of	O
the	O
surgical	O
stress	O
.	O

Monoclonal	O
antibodies	B-COMP
have	O
been	O
generated	O
for	O
direct	O
antigen	B-CHED
detection	O
in	O
NPA	B-CHED
.	O

For	O
antibody	B-COMP
detection	O
,	O
Escherichia	B-SPEC
coli	I-SPEC
BL21	B-ANAT
and	O
baculovirus	B-SPEC
-	O
expressed	B-PROC
recombinant	O
nucleocapsid	B-COMP
of	O
HCoV	O
-	O
HKU1	O
have	O
been	O
used	O
for	O
IgG	B-PRGE
and	O
IgM	B-PRGE
detection	O
in	O
sera	B-COMP
of	O
patients	O
and	O
normal	O
individuals	O
,	O
using	O
Western	O
blot	O
and	O
enzyme	O
-	O
linked	O
immunoassay	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Coronavirus	B-SPEC
genomics	O
and	O
bioinformatics	O
analysis	O
.	O

Coronaviruses	O
possess	B-DISO
the	O
largest	O
genomes	O
(	O
26	O
.	O
4	O
to	O
31	O
.	O
7	O
kb	O
)	O
among	O
all	O
known	O
RNA	O
viruses	B-SPEC
,	O
with	O
G	O
+	O
C	O
contents	O
varying	O
from	O
32	O
%	O
to	O
43	O
%.	O

A	O
fourth	O
genus	B-SPEC
,	O
Deltacoronavirus	O
,	O
which	O
includes	O
bulbul	B-SPEC
coronavirus	B-SPEC
HKU11	O
,	O
thrush	B-PRGE
coronavirus	B-SPEC
HKU12	I-PRGE
and	I-PRGE
munia	I-PRGE
coronavirus	B-SPEC
HKU13	I-PRGE
,	O
is	O
emerging	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
there	O
are	O
limited	O
data	O
available	O
on	O
the	O
frequency	O
and	O
extent	O
of	O
recombination	B-PROC
in	O
coronaviruses	O
in	O
nature	O
and	O
particularly	O
for	O
the	O
avian	B-SPEC
gamma	O
-	O
coronaviruses	O
where	O
only	O
recently	O
the	O
emergence	O
of	O
a	O
turkey	B-SPEC
coronavirus	B-SPEC
has	O
been	O
attributed	O
solely	O
to	O
recombination	B-PROC
.	O

In	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
the	O
full	O
-	O
length	O
genomes	O
of	O
eight	O
avian	B-SPEC
gamma	O
-	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
IBV	B-SPEC
)	O
isolates	O
were	O
sequenced	O
and	O
along	O
with	O
other	O
full	O
-	O
length	O
IBV	B-SPEC
genomes	O
available	O
from	O
GenBank	O
were	O
analyzed	O
for	O
recombination	B-PROC
.	O

Areas	O
that	O
have	O
the	O
highest	O
occurrence	O
of	O
recombination	B-PROC
are	O
located	O
in	O
regions	O
of	O
the	O
genome	O
that	O
code	O
for	O
nonstructural	O
proteins	O
2	O
,	O
3	O
and	O
16	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
structural	O
spike	O
glycoprotein	B-CHED
.	O

Among	O
viruses	B-SPEC
detectable	O
by	O
both	O
commercial	O
assays	O
(	O
adenovirus	B-DISO
,	O
human	B-SPEC
metapneumovirus	I-SPEC
,	O
influenza	B-SPEC
A	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
,	O
influenza	B-SPEC
B	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
,	O
parainfluenza	B-DISO
viruses	B-SPEC
1	O
to	O
3	O
,	O
and	O
respiratory	O
syncytial	O
virus	O
),	O
the	O
FilmArray	O
and	O
Prodesse	O
assays	O
showed	O
good	O
overall	O
agreement	O
(	O
181	O
/	O
192	O
[	O
94	O
.	O
3	O
%];	O
kappa	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
87	O
;	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
,	O
0	O
.	O
79	O
to	O
0	O
.	O
94	O
).	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
In	O
the	O
present	O
study	O
,	O
the	O
detection	O
of	O
a	O
pantropic	O
canine	O
coronavirus	O
(	O
CCoV	O
)	O
strain	O
in	O
a	O
dog	B-SPEC
with	O
lethal	O
diarrhoea	B-DISO
is	O
reported	O
.	O

The	O
high	O
binding	B-FUNC
site	O
plasticity	O
is	O
a	O
major	O
challenge	O
in	O
computational	O
drug	O
discovery	O
/	O
design	O
efforts	O
.	O

Only	O
aMD	B-DISO
simulation	O
,	O
starting	O
from	O
the	O
closed	O
loop	O
conformation	O
,	O
reproduced	O
the	O
180	O
°	O
ϕ	O
-	O
ψ	O
dihedral	O
rotation	O
back	B-ANAT
to	O
the	O
open	O
loop	O
state	O
.	O

Nucleotide	B-CHED
and	O
amino	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
sequence	O
comparisons	O
have	O
shown	O
that	O
the	O
recent	O
isolates	O
bear	B-SPEC
98	O
.	O
97	O
%	O
genetic	O
similarity	O
with	O
strains	O
of	O
the	O
QX	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
like	I-PRGE
genotype	I-PRGE
.	O

Remarkably	O
,	O
a	O
strong	O
positive	O
selection	O
pressure	O
was	O
determined	O
,	O
mostly	O
involving	O
the	O
S1	O
subunit	O
of	O
the	O
S	B-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Angiotensin	B-CHED
-	I-PRGE
converting	I-PRGE
enzyme	I-PRGE
insertion	O
/	O
deletion	O
polymorphism	B-PROC
is	O
associated	O
with	O
severe	O
hypoxemia	O
in	O
pediatric	O
ARDS	O
.	O

Plasma	B-ANAT
angiotensin	B-CHED
-	O
II	O
concentration	O
was	O
measured	O
by	O
immunoassay	O
at	O
admission	O
.	O

ACE	B-PRGE
I	I-PRGE
/	I-PRGE
D	I-PRGE
polymorphism	B-PROC
modified	O
angiotensin	B-CHED
-	O
II	O
levels	O
in	O
pediatric	O
ARDS	B-DISO
,	O
but	O
its	O
pathogenic	O
role	O
is	O
not	O
well	O
understood	O
and	O
needs	O
to	O
be	O
addressed	O
in	O
future	O
studies	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Guillain	O
-	O
Barré	O
syndrome	B-DISO
following	O
sepsis	B-DISO
after	O
stereotactic	O
aspiration	B-DISO
for	O
spontaneous	O
pontine	B-ANAT
hemorrhage	I-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
A	O
52	O
-	O
year	O
-	O
old	O
female	O
was	O
treated	O
with	O
CT	O
-	O
guided	O
stereotactic	O
aspiration	B-DISO
for	O
acute	O
spontaneous	O
pontine	B-DISO
hemorrhage	I-DISO
.	O

As	O
sepsis	B-DISO
was	O
stabilized	O
,	O
she	O
developed	O
flaccid	O
weakness	B-DISO
and	O
autonomic	B-DISO
dysfunction	I-DISO
on	O
postoperative	O
day	O
21	O
.	O

After	O
confirming	O
reactivity	O
of	O
the	O
recombinant	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
pAPN	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
C	I-PRGE
to	O
antibody	B-COMP
against	O
native	O
pAPN	O
,	O
polyclonal	O
antibody	B-COMP
against	O
the	O
recombinant	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
pAPN	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
C	I-PRGE
was	O
prepared	O
in	O
rabbit	B-SPEC
using	O
purified	O
protein	B-CHED
as	O
immunogen	B-CHED
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
SARS	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
nucleocapsid	B-COMP
protein	B-CHED
monoclonal	I-PRGE
antibodies	B-COMP
developed	O
using	O
a	O
prokaryotic	O
expressed	B-PROC
protein	B-CHED
.	O

To	O
express	O
and	O
purify	O
the	O
nucleocapsid	B-COMP
protein	B-CHED
(	O
N	O
protein	B-CHED
)	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
and	O
generate	O
MAbs	O
against	O
the	O
N	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
,	O
gene	O
encoding	O
N	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
was	O
separated	O
into	O
two	O
parts	O
according	O
to	O
the	O
prediction	O
of	O
epitopes	O
and	O
cloned	O
into	O
pET32a	O
(+),	O
respectively	O
.	O

Expression	B-PROC
of	O
the	O
target	O
proteins	B-CHED
were	O
induced	O
by	O
M	O
isopropyl	B-CHED
-	O
β	O
-	O
thio	B-CHED
-	O
D	O
-	O
galactopyranoside	O
(	O
IPTG	B-CHED
)	O
and	O
purified	O
by	O
a	O
single	O
-	O
step	O
affinity	O
chromatography	O
on	O
a	O
Ni	O
-	O
NTA	B-CHED
column	B-ANAT
.	O

We	O
review	O
several	O
approaches	O
referred	O
to	O
as	O
""""	O
rescue	O
""""	O
therapies	O
for	O
severe	O
hypoxemia	O
,	O
including	O
lung	B-ANAT
-	O
recruitment	B-DISO
maneuvers	O
,	O
ventilation	O
modes	O
,	O
prone	O
positioning	O
,	O
inhaled	B-PROC
vasodilator	B-CHED
therapy	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenation	B-PROC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Noninvasive	O
ventilation	O
for	O
patients	O
with	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
or	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Few	O
studies	O
have	O
been	O
performed	O
on	O
noninvasive	O
ventilation	O
(	O
NIV	O
)	O
to	O
treat	O
hypoxic	B-DISO
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
in	O
patients	O
with	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
(	O
ALI	O
)	O
or	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
).	O

Overall	O
,	O
the	O
high	O
rate	O
of	O
NIV	O
failure	O
suggests	O
a	O
cautious	O
approach	O
to	O
NIV	O
use	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
ALI	O
/	O
ARDS	B-DISO
,	O
including	O
early	O
initiation	O
,	O
intensive	O
monitoring	O
,	O
and	O
prompt	O
intubation	O
if	O
signs	O
of	O
NIV	O
failure	O
emerge	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Crosstalk	B-PROC
between	O
innate	O
and	O
adaptive	B-PROC
immune	I-PROC
responses	I-PROC
to	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
after	O
vaccination	O
and	O
challenge	O
of	O
chickens	O
varying	O
in	O
serum	B-COMP
mannose	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
binding	B-FUNC
lectin	I-PRGE
concentrations	O
.	O

MBL	B-PRGE
selectively	O
binds	B-FUNC
distinct	O
chemical	O
patterns	O
,	O
including	O
carbohydrates	B-CHED
expressed	B-PROC
on	O
all	O
kinds	O
of	O
pathogens	O
.	O

The	O
primary	O
IBV	B-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
induced	I-DISO
changes	O
in	O
circulating	O
T	B-ANAT
-	I-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
populations	O
and	O
in	O
the	O
specific	O
antibody	B-PROC
responses	I-PROC
.	O

Serum	B-COMP
MBL	O
levels	O
also	O
influenced	O
IBV	B-SPEC
vaccine	O
-	O
induced	O
changes	O
in	O
circulating	O
T	B-ANAT
-	I-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
populations	O
.	O

We	O
report	O
the	O
case	O
of	O
a	O
morbidly	O
obese	B-DISO
,	O
37	O
-	O
year	O
-	O
old	O
,	O
AH1N1	O
-	O
infected	O
woman	O
,	O
who	O
was	O
admitted	O
to	O
a	O
regional	O
hospital	O
because	O
of	O
rapidly	O
progressing	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
.	O

HFOV	O
was	O
instituted	O
for	O
48	O
h	O
,	O
resulting	O
in	O
a	O
marked	O
improvement	O
in	O
gas	B-ENZY
exchange	O
,	O
however	O
any	O
manipulations	O
caused	O
immediate	O
deterioration	O
in	O
the	O
patient	O
'	O
s	O
condition	B-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
ORF3b	O
protein	B-CHED
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
has	O
a	O
nuclear	O
localization	B-PROC
signal	O
(	O
NLS	B-DISO
)	O
at	O
its	O
C	O
terminus	O
and	O
antagonizes	O
interferon	B-PRGE
(	O
IFN	B-PRGE
)	O
function	O
by	O
modulating	O
the	O
activity	O
of	O
IFN	B-PRGE
regulatory	I-PRGE
factor	I-PRGE
3	I-PRGE
(	O
IRF3	B-PRGE
).	O

Some	O
HCoV	O
strains	O
,	O
including	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
OC43	I-SPEC
,	O
can	O
invade	O
the	O
central	B-ANAT
nervous	I-ANAT
system	I-ANAT
,	O
where	O
they	O
infect	O
neurons	B-ANAT
,	O
with	O
unclear	O
consequences	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Structure	O
-	O
based	O
design	O
,	O
synthesis	B-PROC
,	O
and	O
evaluation	O
of	O
peptide	B-CHED
-	O
mimetic	O
SARS	B-PRGE
3CL	I-PRGE
protease	B-CHED
inhibitors	I-CHED
.	O

The	O
electrical	O
signals	O
allow	O
synchronization	O
of	O
ventilation	O
to	O
spontaneous	O
breathing	B-PROC
efforts	O
of	O
a	O
child	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
permitting	O
pressure	O
assistance	O
proportional	O
to	O
the	O
electrical	O
signal	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
This	O
study	O
determined	O
the	O
effect	O
of	O
sample	O
mishandling	O
on	O
the	O
performance	O
of	O
ELISAs	O
for	O
detection	O
of	O
antibodies	B-COMP
against	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
IBV	B-SPEC
),	O
avian	B-SPEC
encephalomyelitis	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
AEV	O
)	O
and	O
chicken	B-SPEC
anaemia	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
CAV	B-SPEC
)	O
in	O
the	O
serum	B-COMP
of	O
chickens	B-SPEC
.	O

The	O
IBV	B-SPEC
ELISA	O
appeared	O
to	O
be	O
most	O
susceptible	O
to	O
the	O
effects	O
of	O
serum	B-COMP
maltreatment	O
.	O

Immunohistochemistry	O
was	O
strongly	O
positive	O
for	O
IBV	B-PRGE
antigen	B-CHED
in	O
the	O
cytoplasm	B-COMP
of	O
tubular	O
epithelial	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
in	O
the	O
kidneys	B-ANAT
and	O
also	O
in	O
the	O
epithelium	B-ANAT
of	O
the	O
respiratory	B-ANAT
tract	I-ANAT
,	O
salivary	B-ANAT
glands	I-ANAT
,	O
proventriculus	B-ANAT
,	O
intestine	B-ANAT
,	O
and	O
bursa	B-ANAT
of	I-ANAT
Fabricius	I-ANAT
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Between	O
2006	O
and	O
2009	O
,	O
seven	O
strains	O
of	O
infectious	O
bronchitis	B-DISO
(	O
IB	O
)	O
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
IBV	B-SPEC
)	O
were	O
isolated	O
from	O
vaccinated	O
chicken	B-SPEC
flocks	O
on	O
different	O
chicken	B-SPEC
farms	O
in	O
China	O
.	O

The	O
homology	O
of	O
the	O
nucleotide	B-CHED
and	O
amino	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
sequences	O
of	O
the	O
S1	B-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
among	O
the	O
seven	O
isolates	O
was	O
81	O
.	O
7	O
%-	O
99	O
.	O
7	O
%	O
and	O
79	O
.	O
0	O
%-	O
99	O
.	O
4	O
%,	O
respectively	O
.	O

As	O
most	O
detected	O
enteric	O
viruses	B-SPEC
have	O
been	O
directly	O
demonstrated	O
in	O
healthy	O
turkey	B-SPEC
flocks	O
as	O
well	O
,	O
the	O
epidemiology	O
of	O
this	O
disease	O
complex	O
remains	O
unclear	O
,	O
suggesting	O
that	O
a	O
certain	O
combination	O
of	O
pathogens	O
,	O
environmental	O
factors	O
,	O
or	O
both	O
are	O
necessary	O
for	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
clinical	O
signs	O
.	O

To	O
help	O
in	O
the	O
evaluation	O
of	O
each	O
case	O
we	O
used	O
a	O
decision	O
-	O
support	O
tool	O
that	O
was	O
previously	O
developed	O
for	O
ventilator	O
allocation	O
during	O
an	O
influenza	B-DISO
pandemic	O
.	O

In	O
patients	O
with	O
H1N1	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
,	O
post	O
-	O
ARDS	B-DISO
pulmonary	B-DISO
fibrosis	I-DISO
is	O
not	O
a	O
rare	O
complication	B-DISO
.	O

We	O
found	O
that	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
nsp16	I-PRGE
MTase	I-PRGE
methylated	O
m7GpppA	O
-	O
RNA	O
but	O
not	O
m7GpppG	O
-	O
RNA	O
,	O
which	O
is	O
in	O
contrast	O
with	O
nsp14	O
MTase	O
that	O
functions	O
in	O
a	O
sequence	O
-	O
independent	O
manner	O
.	O

We	O
demonstrated	O
that	O
nsp10	O
is	O
required	O
for	O
nsp16	O
to	O
bind	B-FUNC
both	O
m7GpppA	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
RNA	I-PRGE
substrate	O
and	O
SAM	B-DISO
cofactor	B-CHED
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Estimating	O
the	O
Causal	O
Effect	O
of	O
Low	O
Tidal	O
Volume	O
Ventilation	O
on	O
Survival	O
in	O
Patients	O
with	O
Acute	O
Lung	B-ANAT
Injury	O
.	O

Using	O
a	O
transient	O
transfection	B-PROC
system	O
,	O
ORF6	O
'	O
s	O
ability	O
to	O
suppress	O
the	O
expression	B-PROC
of	O
co	O
-	O
transfected	O
expression	B-PROC
constructs	O
was	O
measured	O
in	O
a	O
quantitative	O
manner	O
.	O

While	O
ORF6	O
does	O
not	O
have	O
a	O
global	O
effect	O
on	O
protein	B-PROC
synthesis	I-PROC
,	O
quantitative	O
real	O
-	O
time	O
PCR	O
revealed	O
that	O
it	O
down	O
-	O
regulated	O
the	O
mRNA	B-CHED
level	O
of	O
the	O
co	O
-	O
transfected	O
myc	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
nsp8	I-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
.	O

Twenty	O
-	O
five	O
stress	B-PATH
response	I-PATH
genes	O
were	O
preferentially	O
upregulated	O
during	O
infection	B-DISO
in	O
the	O
absence	O
of	O
the	O
E	B-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
.	O

Administration	O
of	O
E	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
in	O
trans	O
reduced	O
the	O
stress	B-PATH
response	I-PATH
in	O
cells	B-COMP
infected	O
with	O
rSARS	O
-	O
CoV	O
-	O
ΔE	O
or	O
with	O
respiratory	B-SPEC
syncytial	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
,	O
or	O
treated	O
with	O
drugs	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
tunicamycin	B-CHED
and	O
thapsigargin	B-CHED
that	O
elicit	O
cell	B-COMP
stress	O
by	O
different	O
mechanisms	O
.	O

In	O
2009	O
serologic	O
responses	O
to	O
either	O
pandemic	O
H1N1	O
(	O
2009	O
)	O
vaccine	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
36	O
)	O
or	O
pandemic	O
H1N1	O
(	O
2009	O
)	O
infection	B-DISO
(	O
n	O
=	O
2	O
)	O
were	O
studied	O
in	O
38	O
HSCT	O
recipients	O
.	O

Responses	O
were	O
measured	O
with	O
a	O
standard	O
hemagglutination	B-PROC
-	O
inhibition	B-PROC
assay	O
.	O

Little	O
is	O
known	O
about	O
the	O
epidemiology	O
of	O
this	O
syndrome	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
relationship	O
between	O
severe	O
AH	O
strata	O
and	O
need	O
for	O
MV	O
was	O
graded	O
in	O
the	O
most	O
pronounced	O
way	O
in	O
respiratory	O
and	O
circulatory	B-PROC
conditions	O
(	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
0001	O
).	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Uniquely	O
among	O
RNA	O
viruses	O
,	O
replication	O
of	O
the	O
~	O
30	O
-	O
kb	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
genome	O
is	O
believed	O
to	O
involve	O
two	O
RNA	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
dependent	I-PRGE
RNA	I-PRGE
polymerase	I-PRGE
(	O
RdRp	B-FUNC
)	O
activities	O
.	O

The	O
latter	O
activity	O
is	O
,	O
however	O
,	O
~	O
20	O
-	O
fold	O
weaker	O
than	O
that	O
of	O
the	O
primer	O
-	O
dependent	O
nsp12	O
-	O
RdRp	B-FUNC
at	O
equal	O
monomer	O
concentrations	O
.	O

Wire	O
-	O
enforced	O
cannulae	O
(	O
13	O
-	O
15	O
Fr	O
)	O
were	O
inserted	O
under	O
ultrasound	O
guidance	O
and	O
connected	O
to	O
iLA	B-PRGE
.	O

iLA	B-PRGE
showed	O
effective	O
CO	O
(	O
2	O
)	O
removal	O
,	O
allowed	O
for	O
reducing	O
the	O
invasiveness	O
of	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
from	O
various	O
causes	O
even	O
using	O
a	O
small	O
-	O
sized	O
catheter	O
and	O
was	O
safe	O
in	O
small	O
body	B-ANAT
-	O
sized	O
patients	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Canine	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
:	O
not	O
only	O
an	O
enteric	O
pathogen	O
.	O

The	O
enteric	O
FCoV	O
,	O
referred	O
to	O
as	O
feline	B-SPEC
enteric	O
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
FECV	B-SPEC
),	O
is	O
considered	O
a	O
mostly	O
benign	O
biotype	O
infecting	O
the	O
gut	B-ANAT
,	O
whereas	O
the	O
FIP	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
biotype	O
is	O
considered	O
the	O
highly	O
pathogenic	O
etiologic	O
agent	O
for	O
FIP	B-DISO
.	O

Current	O
laboratory	O
tests	O
are	O
unable	O
to	O
distinguish	O
between	O
virus	B-SPEC
biotypes	O
of	O
FCoV	O
.	O
FECV	B-SPEC
is	O
highly	O
contagious	O
and	O
easily	O
spreads	O
in	O
multicat	O
environments	O
;	O
therefore	O
,	O
the	O
challenges	O
to	O
animal	B-SPEC
shelters	O
are	O
tremendous	O
.	O

Neuromuscular	O
blocking	B-DISO
agents	O
(	O
NMBAs	O
)	O
are	O
used	O
to	O
facilitate	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
ARDS	B-DISO
and	O
have	O
been	O
shown	O
to	O
improve	O
arterial	B-ANAT
partial	B-PROC
pressure	I-PROC
of	I-PROC
oxygen	I-PROC
.	O

The	O
purpose	O
of	O
this	O
study	O
was	O
to	O
compare	O
survival	O
in	O
adult	O
patients	O
with	O
early	O
ARDS	B-DISO
who	O
were	O
randomized	O
to	O
receive	O
either	O
a	O
48	O
-	O
hr	O
infusion	O
of	O
the	O
NMBA	O
,	O
cisatracurium	O
,	O
or	O
a	O
placebo	O
.	O

Eligible	O
patients	O
were	O
>	O
18	O
yr	O
with	O
an	O
intubated	O
trachea	O
and	O
ventilated	O
lungs	B-ANAT
for	O
acute	O
hypoxemic	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
.	O

Their	O
PaO	B-PROC
(	O
2	O
)/	O
F	O
(	O
i	O
)	O
O	O
(	O
2	O
)	O
ratio	O
was	O
<	O
150	O
at	O
a	O
tidal	O
volume	O
of	O
6	O
-	O
8	O
mL	O
·	O
kg	O
(-	O
1	O
)	O
ideal	O
body	B-ANAT
weight	O
and	O
a	O
positive	O
end	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
expiratory	I-PROC
pressure	O
(	O
PEEP	B-CHED
)	O
≥	O
5	O
cm	O
H	O
(	O
2	O
)	O
O	O
for	O
<	O
48	O
hr	O
.	O

It	O
was	O
determined	O
a	O
priori	O
that	O
this	O
would	O
be	O
adjusted	O
for	O
imbalance	B-DISO
in	O
key	O
risk	O
factors	O
at	O
baseline	O
,	O
as	O
derived	O
from	O
Cox	O
regression	O
.	O

This	O
outcome	O
did	O
not	O
reach	B-PROC
statistical	O
significance	O
(	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
08	O
).	O

The	O
cisatracurium	O
group	O
also	O
had	O
significantly	O
more	O
ventilator	O
-	O
free	O
days	O
,	O
more	O
days	O
outside	O
of	O
the	O
ICU	O
,	O
and	O
more	O
days	O
free	O
of	O
organ	B-ANAT
-	O
failure	O
.	O

A	O
prospective	O
observational	O
study	O
of	O
children	O
under	O
eighteen	O
years	O
old	O
,	O
confirmed	O
having	O
the	O
2009	O
pandemic	O
influenza	B-DISO
(	O
H1N1	O
)	O
infection	B-DISO
by	O
real	O
-	O
time	O
reverse	O
-	O
transcription	B-PROC
-	O
polymerase	O
-	O
chain	O
-	O
reaction	O
(	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
),	O
admitted	O
at	O
Queen	O
Sirikit	O
National	O
Institute	O
of	O
Child	O
Health	O
,	O
Bangkok	O
,	O
Thailand	O
during	O
one	O
year	O
,	O
from	O
1st	O
June	O
2009	O
to	O
31st	O
May	O
2010	O
.	O

Radiographic	O
findings	O
included	O
diffuse	O
interstitial	B-ANAT
,	O
alveolar	B-ANAT
infiltrates	B-DISO
and	O
some	O
in	O
lobar	O
distributions	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
The	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
-	O
host	B-COMP
interactome	O
:	O
identification	O
of	O
cyclophilins	O
as	O
target	O
for	O
pan	B-COMP
-	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
inhibitors	B-CHED
.	O

After	O
exposure	O
to	O
hyperoxia	B-DISO
,	O
the	O
wet	O
/	O
dry	O
weight	O
ratio	O
remained	O
stable	O
before	O
day	O
2	O
but	O
increased	O
significantly	O
after	O
day	O
3	O
.	O

Some	O
of	O
viruses	B-SPEC
found	O
in	O
animals	B-SPEC
,	O
and	O
particularly	O
rotaviruses	B-SPEC
,	O
can	O
also	O
infect	O
humans	B-SPEC
.	O

Quinoline	B-CHED
derivatives	O
were	O
also	O
tested	O
against	O
representatives	O
of	O
other	O
RNA	O
virus	B-SPEC
families	O
containing	O
single	O
-	O
stranded	O
,	O
either	O
positive	O
-	O
sense	B-PROC
(	O
ssRNA	O
(+))	O
or	O
negative	O
-	O
sense	B-PROC
(	O
RNA	O
(-)),	O
and	O
double	O
-	O
stranded	O
genomes	O
(	O
dsRNA	B-CHED
),	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
against	O
representatives	O
of	O
two	O
DNA	O
virus	B-SPEC
families	O
.	O

Some	O
quinolines	B-CHED
showed	O
moderate	O
,	O
although	O
selective	O
activity	O
against	O
CVB	O
-	O
5	O
,	O
Reo	O
-	O
1	O
and	O
RSV	O
.	O

New	O
International	O
Health	O
Regulations	O
(	O
IHR	O
),	O
applied	O
first	O
during	O
the	O
2009	O
H1N1	B-DISO
influenza	I-DISO
outbreak	O
,	O
demonstrated	O
improvement	O
.	O

Establishment	O
of	O
a	O
joint	B-ANAT
WHO	O
-	O
WTO	O
committee	O
to	O
adjudicate	O
these	O
conflicts	O
might	O
better	O
achieve	O
that	O
balance	B-PROC
.	O

ARDS	B-DISO
is	O
a	O
clinically	O
important	O
complication	B-DISO
of	O
severe	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
and	O
a	O
significant	O
cause	O
of	O
morbidity	O
and	O
mortality	O
in	O
critically	B-DISO
ill	I-DISO
patients	O
.	O

The	O
purpose	O
of	O
this	O
study	O
was	O
to	O
compare	O
the	O
risk	O
of	O
HAIs	O
before	O
and	O
during	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
outbreak	O
.	O

Such	O
comparison	O
is	O
intended	O
to	O
provide	O
a	O
surrogate	O
measure	O
of	O
the	O
influence	O
that	O
strict	O
enforcement	O
of	O
infection	B-DISO
control	O
strategies	O
during	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
outbreak	O
may	O
have	O
had	O
on	O
the	O
risk	O
of	O
HAIs	O
.	O

The	O
rate	O
of	O
HAIs	O
was	O
higher	O
in	O
the	O
pre	O
-	O
SARS	O
period	O
than	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
period	O
.	O

The	O
rate	O
of	O
HAIs	O
in	O
the	O
pre	O
-	O
SARS	B-DISO
period	O
was	O
14	O
.	O
5	O
%	O
as	O
opposed	O
to	O
9	O
%	O
during	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
period	O
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
Our	O
findings	O
suggest	O
that	O
strict	O
enforcement	O
of	O
infection	B-DISO
control	O
strategies	O
may	O
have	O
a	O
positive	O
impact	O
on	O
the	O
efforts	O
to	O
minimise	O
the	O
risk	O
of	O
HAIs	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Thiazolides	O
as	O
novel	O
antiviral	B-CHED
agents	I-CHED
.	O

The	O
structure	O
-	O
activity	O
relationships	O
(	O
SARs	B-DISO
)	O
of	O
thiazolides	O
against	O
HCV	B-SPEC
are	O
less	O
predictable	O
than	O
against	O
hepatitis	B-SPEC
B	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
HBV	B-DISO
),	O
though	O
an	O
electron	O
-	O
withdrawing	O
group	O
at	O
C	O
(	O
5	O
')	O
generally	O
correlates	O
with	O
potency	O
.	O

We	O
show	O
here	O
that	O
the	O
5	O
'-	O
Cl	O
analogue	B-CHED
4	I-CHED
has	O
closely	O
comparable	O
in	O
vitro	O
activity	O
and	O
a	O
good	O
cell	B-COMP
safety	O
index	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Neurological	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
is	O
a	O
relatively	O
common	O
reason	O
for	O
referral	O
,	O
constituting	O
approximately	O
10	O
%	O
of	O
the	O
feline	B-SPEC
referral	O
caseload	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
SARS	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
causes	O
severe	O
acute	O
respiratory	B-DISO
tract	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
characterized	O
by	O
diffuse	B-DISO
alveolar	I-DISO
damage	I-DISO
and	O
hyaline	B-DISO
membrane	B-COMP
formation	B-PROC
.	O

This	O
pathology	B-DISO
often	O
progresses	O
to	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
(	O
such	O
as	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
[	O
ARDS	B-DISO
])	O
and	O
atypical	B-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
in	O
humans	B-SPEC
,	O
with	O
characteristic	O
age	O
-	O
related	O
mortality	O
rates	O
approaching	O
50	O
%	O
or	O
more	O
in	O
immunosenescent	O
populations	O
.	O

The	O
mutations	O
in	O
S	O
likely	O
increase	O
recognition	O
of	O
the	O
mouse	B-SPEC
angiotensin	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
converting	I-PRGE
enzyme	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
(	O
ACE2	B-PRGE
)	O
receptor	O
not	O
only	O
in	O
MA15	O
but	O
also	O
in	O
two	O
additional	O
,	O
independently	O
isolated	O
mouse	B-SPEC
-	O
adapted	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoVs	O
.	O

In	O
contrast	O
to	O
the	O
findings	O
for	O
young	O
animals	B-SPEC
,	O
mutations	O
to	O
revert	O
to	O
the	O
wild	O
-	O
type	O
sequence	O
in	O
nsp9	O
and	O
the	O
S	B-PRGE
glycoprotein	I-PRGE
were	O
not	O
sufficient	O
to	O
significantly	O
attenuate	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
compared	O
to	O
other	O
combinations	O
of	O
mouse	B-SPEC
-	O
adapted	O
mutations	O
in	O
12	O
-	O
month	O
-	O
old	O
mice	B-SPEC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Four	O
new	O
tetromycin	O
derivatives	O
,	O
tetromycins	O
1	O
-	O
4	O
and	O
a	O
previously	O
known	O
one	O
,	O
tetromycin	O
B	O
(	O
5	O
)	O
were	O
isolated	O
from	O
Streptomyces	O
axinellae	O
Pol001	O
(	O
T	O
)	O
cultivated	O
from	O
the	O
Mediterranean	O
sponge	B-SPEC
Axinella	B-SPEC
polypoides	I-SPEC
.	O

All	O
3CL	O
(	O
pro	B-CHED
)	O
prefer	O
Gln	O
at	O
P1	O
position	O
,	O
Leu	B-CHED
at	O
P2	O
position	O
,	O
basic	O
residues	O
at	O
P3	O
position	O
,	O
small	O
hydrophobic	O
residues	O
at	O
P4	O
position	O
,	O
and	O
small	O
residues	O
at	O
P1	O
'	O
and	O
P2	O
'	O
positions	O
.	O

By	O
combining	O
the	O
most	O
favorable	O
residues	O
at	O
P3	O
to	O
P5	O
positions	O
,	O
we	O
identified	O
super	O
-	O
active	O
substrate	O
sequences	O
'	O
VARLQ	O
↓	O
SGF	O
'	O
that	O
can	O
be	O
cleaved	B-ANAT
efficiently	O
by	O
all	O
3CL	B-PRGE
(	I-PRGE
pro	I-PRGE
)	I-PRGE
with	O
relative	O
activity	O
of	O
1	O
.	O
7	O
to	O
3	O
.	O
2	O
,	O
and	O
'	O
VPRLQ	O
↓	O
SGF	O
'	O
that	O
can	O
be	O
cleaved	B-ANAT
specifically	O
by	O
IBV	B-PRGE
3CL	I-PRGE
(	I-PRGE
pro	B-CHED
)	I-PRGE
with	O
relative	O
activity	O
of	O
4	O
.	O
3	O
.	O

As	O
reported	O
,	O
numerous	O
cases	O
with	O
severe	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
were	O
also	O
seen	O
among	O
young	O
previously	O
healthy	O
people	O
.	O

All	O
patients	O
were	O
older	O
than	O
30	O
but	O
younger	O
than	O
50	O
years	O
,	O
had	O
clinical	O
and	O
radiological	O
evidence	O
of	O
an	O
Acute	B-DISO
Respiratory	I-DISO
Distress	I-DISO
Syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
and	O
needed	O
invasive	O
ventilatory	O
support	O
.	O

Four	O
patients	O
needed	O
an	O
extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenation	B-PROC
(	O
ECMO	O
)	O
due	O
to	O
severe	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
with	O
global	O
respiratory	B-DISO
insufficiency	I-DISO
that	O
could	O
not	O
be	O
treated	O
by	O
conservative	O
ventilatory	O
support	O
.	O

One	O
other	O
patient	O
died	B-PROC
due	O
to	O
a	O
subarachnoidal	B-ANAT
bleeding	B-DISO
under	O
the	O
anticoagulatory	O
regime	O
during	O
ECMO	O
therapy	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Prone	O
positioning	O
in	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
):	O
when	O
and	O
how	O
?	O

Compared	O
with	O
the	O
control	O
group	O
,	O
the	O
levels	O
of	O
secreted	B-PROC
IgA	B-PRGE
decreased	O
significantly	O
at	O
42	O
d	O
of	O
age	O
in	O
the	O
chickens	B-SPEC
that	O
were	O
treated	O
with	O
LPS	B-DISO
or	O
CPM	O
(	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
01	O
).	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
An	O
experimental	O
study	O
was	O
conducted	O
to	O
determine	O
the	O
comparative	O
pathogenicity	O
of	O
type	O
-	O
2	O
turkey	O
astrovirus	O
(	O
TAstV	O
-	O
2	O
)	O
obtained	O
from	O
turkey	B-SPEC
flocks	O
afflicted	O
with	O
poult	O
enteritis	B-DISO
syndrome	B-DISO
(	O
PES	B-ANAT
)	O
and	O
from	O
turkey	B-SPEC
flocks	O
displaying	O
no	O
apparent	O
signs	O
of	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

Group	O
C	O
served	O
as	O
a	O
negative	O
control	O
and	O
was	O
given	O
PBS	B-DISO
.	O

These	O
results	O
provide	O
a	O
preliminary	O
indication	O
that	O
TAstV	O
-	O
2	O
from	O
PES	B-ANAT
birds	B-SPEC
may	O
be	O
more	O
pathogenic	O
than	O
TAstV	O
-	O
2	O
from	O
apparently	O
healthy	O
poults	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
was	O
a	O
highly	O
infectious	B-DISO
pneumonia	B-DISO
that	O
emerged	O
in	O
southern	O
China	O
early	O
in	O
2003	O
.	O

SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
were	O
almost	O
universally	O
steroid	B-CHED
naive	O
with	O
no	O
other	O
known	O
predisposition	O
to	O
osteonecrosis	B-DISO
.	O

Osteonecrosis	B-DISO
most	O
commonly	O
affected	O
the	O
proximal	B-ANAT
femur	I-ANAT
and	O
femoral	B-ANAT
condyles	B-ANAT
and	O
was	O
most	O
strongly	O
related	O
to	O
cumulative	O
steroid	B-CHED
dose	O
and	O
duration	O
of	O
steroid	B-CHED
therapy	O
.	O

It	O
has	O
a	O
heterogeneous	O
aetiology	O
with	O
wide	O
-	O
ranging	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
and	O
extra	O
-	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
causes	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Virus	B-SPEC
-	O
binding	B-PROC
activity	I-PROC
of	O
the	O
truncated	O
C	O
subunit	O
of	O
porcine	B-PRGE
aminopeptidase	B-ENZY
N	I-ENZY
expressed	B-PROC
in	O
Escherichia	B-SPEC
coli	I-SPEC
.	O

A	O
majority	O
of	O
identified	O
microRNAs	O
(	O
miRNAs	O
)	O
showed	O
divergent	O
changes	O
in	O
expression	B-PROC
across	O
mouse	B-SPEC
strains	O
with	O
respect	O
to	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
and	O
influenza	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
infections	B-DISO
and	O
responded	O
differently	O
to	O
a	O
highly	O
pathogenic	O
reconstructed	O
1918	O
virus	B-SPEC
compared	O
to	O
a	O
minimally	O
pathogenic	O
seasonal	O
influenza	O
virus	O
isolate	O
.	O

The	O
small	O
RNAs	O
identified	O
also	O
included	O
many	O
non	O
-	O
miRNA	O
small	O
RNAs	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
small	O
nucleolar	B-ANAT
RNAs	O
(	O
snoRNAs	O
),	O
in	O
addition	O
to	O
nonannotated	O
small	O
RNAs	O
.	O

These	O
findings	O
represent	O
the	O
first	O
integrated	O
sequencing	O
analysis	O
of	O
the	O
response	O
of	O
host	B-COMP
small	O
RNAs	O
to	O
virus	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
and	O
show	O
that	O
small	O
RNAs	O
are	O
an	O
integrated	O
component	O
of	O
complex	O
networks	O
involved	O
in	O
regulating	O
the	O
host	B-PROC
response	I-PROC
to	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

Multimodal	O
therapies	O
for	O
ARDS	B-DISO
were	O
effective	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Involvement	O
of	O
FOXO	B-PRGE
transcription	I-PRGE
factors	I-PRGE
,	O
TRAIL	B-PRGE
-	O
FasL	B-PRGE
/	O
Fas	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
sirtuin	O
proteins	B-CHED
family	B-SPEC
in	O
canine	O
coronavirus	O
type	O
II	O
-	O
induced	O
apoptosis	B-PATH
.	O

with	O
a	O
decrease	O
of	O
both	O
proteins	B-CHED
at	O
the	O
end	O
of	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Combined	O
recombinant	B-PRGE
human	I-PRGE
activated	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
C	I-PRGE
and	O
ceftazidime	B-CHED
prevent	O
the	O
onset	O
of	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
in	O
severe	B-DISO
sepsis	I-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
This	O
experimental	O
animal	B-SPEC
study	O
investigates	O
the	O
effects	O
of	O
combined	O
recombinant	B-PRGE
human	I-PRGE
activated	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
C	I-PRGE
(	O
rhAPC	O
)	O
and	O
ceftazidime	B-CHED
on	O
cardiopulmonary	B-ANAT
function	O
in	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
and	O
severe	B-DISO
sepsis	I-DISO
.	O

Compared	O
with	O
injured	O
controls	O
,	O
the	O
treatment	O
group	O
had	O
a	O
significantly	O
higher	O
PaO₂	B-PRGE
/	O
FIO₂	O
ratio	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
onset	O
of	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
was	O
prevented	O
.	O

This	O
study	O
determined	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
susceptibility	O
of	O
primary	O
cultures	O
of	O
human	B-SPEC
alveolar	B-ANAT
epithelial	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
and	O
alveolar	B-ANAT
macrophages	I-ANAT
(	O
AMs	B-DISO
).	O

The	O
innate	B-DISO
immune	I-DISO
response	I-DISO
of	O
AMs	B-DISO
to	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
229E	I-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
was	O
evaluated	O
for	O
cytokine	B-PROC
production	I-PROC
and	O
interferon	B-PRGE
(	O
IFN	B-PRGE
)	O
gene	B-PROC
expression	I-PROC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Thoracic	B-ANAT
computerized	O
tomographic	O
(	O
CT	O
)	O
findings	O
in	O
2009	O
influenza	B-DISO
A	I-DISO
(	I-DISO
H1N1	I-DISO
)	I-DISO
virus	B-PROC
infection	I-PROC
in	O
Isfahan	O
,	O
Iran	O
.	O

Propentofylline	O
(	O
PPF	B-CHED
)	O
can	O
decrease	O
vasculitis	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
therefore	O
prolong	O
survival	O
time	O
in	O
cats	B-SPEC
with	O
FIP	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
increase	O
their	O
quality	O
of	O
life	O
.	O

There	O
was	O
no	O
statistically	O
significant	O
difference	O
in	O
the	O
survival	O
time	O
of	O
cats	B-SPEC
treated	O
with	O
PPF	B-CHED
(	O
8	O
days	O
,	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
5	O
.	O
4	O
-	O
10	O
.	O
6	O
)	O
versus	O
placebo	O
(	O
7	O
.	O
5	O
days	O
,	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
4	O
.	O
4	O
-	O
9	O
.	O
6	O
).	O

There	O
was	O
neither	O
a	O
difference	O
in	O
quality	O
of	O
life	O
(	O
day	O
7	O
,	O
P	O
=	O
.	O
892	O
),	O
in	O
the	O
amount	O
of	O
effusion	B-DISO
(	O
day	O
7	O
,	O
P	O
=	O
.	O
710	O
),	O
the	O
tumor	B-PRGE
necrosis	I-PRGE
factor	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
alpha	I-PRGE
(	O
TNF	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
α	I-PRGE
)	O
concentration	O
(	O
day	O
7	O
,	O
P	O
=	O
.	O
355	O
),	O
nor	O
in	O
any	O
other	O
variable	O
investigated	O
in	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
including	O
a	O
complete	O
blood	B-ANAT
count	O
,	O
and	O
a	O
small	O
animal	B-SPEC
biochemistry	O
profile	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
There	O
was	O
no	O
statistically	O
significant	O
difference	O
in	O
the	O
survival	O
time	O
of	O
cats	B-SPEC
treated	O
with	O
PPF	B-CHED
(	O
8	O
days	O
,	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
5	O
.	O
4	O
-	O
10	O
.	O
6	O
)	O
versus	O
placebo	O
(	O
7	O
.	O
5	O
days	O
,	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
4	O
.	O
4	O
-	O
9	O
.	O
6	O
).	O

Organisational	O
implementation	O
of	O
infection	B-DISO
control	O
measures	O
,	O
avoidance	O
of	O
patients	O
and	O
complying	O
with	O
personal	O
protective	O
equipment	O
were	O
identified	O
as	O
risk	O
-	O
mitigating	O
strategies	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Findings	O
indicated	O
that	O
healthcare	O
workers	O
perceived	O
personal	O
and	O
familial	O
health	O
risks	O
and	O
stigmatisation	O
from	O
their	O
exposure	O
to	O
emerging	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
infectious	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
,	O
but	O
the	O
majority	O
were	O
accepting	O
of	O
these	O
risks	O
.	O

We	O
also	O
review	O
the	O
functions	O
of	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
proteins	B-CHED
,	O
structural	O
,	O
enzymatic	O
,	O
and	O
accessory	O
,	O
with	O
an	O
emphasis	O
on	O
roles	O
in	O
pathogenesis	O
.	O

Nonstructural	O
proteins	B-CHED
include	O
the	O
small	O
accessory	O
proteins	B-CHED
that	O
are	O
not	O
at	O
all	O
conserved	O
between	O
MHV	B-SPEC
and	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
and	O
the	O
16	O
conserved	O
proteins	B-CHED
encoded	O
in	O
the	O
replicase	B-PRGE
locus	I-PRGE
,	O
many	O
of	O
which	O
have	O
enzymatic	O
activities	O
in	O
RNA	B-PROC
metabolism	I-PROC
or	O
protein	B-PROC
processing	I-PROC
in	O
addition	O
to	O
functions	O
in	O
antagonizing	O
host	B-PROC
response	I-PROC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
distress	O
syndrome	O
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
can	O
be	O
induced	O
by	O
viral	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
,	O
with	O
two	O
virus	B-SPEC
types	O
being	O
responsible	O
:	O
respiratory	O
viruses	B-SPEC
that	O
cause	O
community	O
-	O
acquired	O
viral	B-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
and	O
Herpesviridae	B-SPEC
that	O
cause	O
nosocomial	O
viral	B-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
.	O

Other	O
than	O
antiviral	B-CHED
drug	I-CHED
(	O
mainly	O
oseltamivir	B-CHED
)	O
administration	O
and	O
avoidance	O
of	O
corticosteroids	B-CHED
,	O
management	O
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
due	O
to	O
these	O
viruses	B-SPEC
does	O
not	O
differ	O
from	O
that	O
for	O
ARDS	B-DISO
caused	O
by	O
other	O
diseases	O
.	O

HSV	B-SPEC
is	O
frequently	O
recovered	O
in	O
the	O
respiratory	B-ANAT
tract	I-ANAT
of	O
mechanically	O
ventilated	O
patients	O
and	O
can	O
sometimes	O
be	O
responsible	O
for	O
HSV	B-SPEC
bronchopneumonitis	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Human	O
coronaviruses	O
(	O
HCoVs	O
)	O
have	O
been	O
detected	O
in	O
children	O
with	O
upper	O
and	O
lower	O
respiratory	B-DISO
symptoms	I-DISO
,	O
but	O
little	O
is	O
known	O
about	O
their	O
relationship	O
with	O
severe	O
respiratory	O
illness	O
.	O

Hospitalized	O
children	O
testing	O
positive	O
for	O
HCoV	O
alone	O
tended	O
to	O
be	O
less	O
ill	B-DISO
than	O
those	O
infected	O
with	O
other	O
viruses	B-SPEC
,	O
whereas	O
those	O
coinfected	O
with	O
HCoV	O
and	O
other	O
viruses	B-SPEC
were	O
clinically	O
similar	O
to	O
those	O
infected	O
with	O
other	O
viruses	B-SPEC
alone	O
.	O

ECMO	O
was	O
introduced	O
in	O
a	O
patient	O
with	O
severe	O
heart	O
failure	O
caused	O
by	O
fulminant	O
myocarditis	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Acute	O
phase	O
proteins	B-CHED
as	O
a	O
tool	O
for	O
differential	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
wasting	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
in	O
growing	O
pigs	B-SPEC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
concentrations	O
of	O
haptoglobin	B-PRGE
(	O
Hp	O
),	O
C	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
reactive	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
(	O
CRP	B-PRGE
)	O
and	O
serum	B-PRGE
amyloid	B-DISO
A	I-PRGE
(	O
SAA	B-PRGE
)	O
were	O
measured	O
in	O
wasted	B-DISO
pigs	B-SPEC
,	O
first	O
to	O
evaluate	O
their	O
usefulness	O
in	O
the	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
infectious	B-DISO
,	O
wasting	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
in	O
pigs	B-SPEC
,	O
and	O
second	O
,	O
to	O
evaluate	O
whether	O
their	O
concentrations	O
can	O
distinguish	O
the	O
lymphoid	O
depletion	O
score	O
in	O
the	O
lymph	B-ANAT
tissues	B-ANAT
of	O
wasted	B-DISO
affected	O
pigs	B-SPEC
.	O

T	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
are	O
necessary	O
for	O
viral	O
clearance	O
,	O
and	O
many	O
age	O
-	O
dependent	O
intrinsic	O
T	B-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
defects	O
have	O
been	O
documented	O
.	O

They	O
show	O
that	O
migration	B-PROC
of	O
respiratory	O
DCs	B-DISO
from	O
the	O
site	O
of	O
virus	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
to	O
the	O
draining	O
lymph	B-ANAT
nodes	I-ANAT
in	O
response	O
to	O
infection	B-DISO
with	O
several	O
different	O
respiratory	O
viruses	B-SPEC
is	O
markedly	O
diminished	O
with	O
increasing	O
age	O
.	O

It	O
comprised	O
of	O
three	O
sections	O
:	O
(	O
1	O
)	O
Section	O
A	O
was	O
the	O
introduction	O
;	O
(	O
2	O
)	O
Section	O
B	O
asked	O
for	O
the	O
respondent	O
'	O
s	O
personal	O
information	O
;	O
and	O
(	O
3	O
)	O
Section	O
C	O
comprised	O
the	O
major	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
questionnaire	O
and	O
was	O
intended	O
to	O
gather	O
information	O
regarding	O
the	O
hospital	O
'	O
s	O
general	O
emergency	B-DISO
management	O
situation	O
.	O

No	O
hospital	O
had	O
an	O
established	O
emergency	B-DISO
management	O
department	O
or	O
full	O
-	O
time	O
staff	O
for	O
emergency	B-DISO
management	O
.	O

A	O
total	O
of	O
15	O
-	O
45	O
%	O
of	O
the	O
hospitals	O
had	O
established	O
a	O
hospital	O
emergency	B-DISO
management	O
committee	O
,	O
performed	O
a	O
vulnerability	O
analysis	O
,	O
or	O
evaluated	O
emergency	B-DISO
management	O
regularly	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
The	O
survey	O
response	O
rate	O
was	O
44	O
%,	O
accounting	O
for	O
29	O
%	O
of	O
total	O
hospitals	O
that	O
the	O
study	O
targeted	B-PROC
.	O

No	O
amplification	B-DISO
was	O
achieved	O
for	O
the	O
uninfected	O
cells	B-COMP
,	O
cells	B-COMP
infected	O
with	O
canine	O
parvovirus	B-DISO
,	O
canine	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
,	O
or	O
canine	B-SPEC
adenovirus	I-SPEC
.	O

These	O
results	O
suggested	O
that	O
the	O
CDV	B-CHED
genotype	O
Asia	O
-	O
1	O
is	O
circulating	O
currently	O
in	O
domestic	O
dogs	B-SPEC
in	O
China	O
.	O

Early	O
initiation	O
of	O
neuraminidase	O
inhibitor	O
and	O
the	O
implementation	O
of	O
guidelines	O
for	O
management	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
sepsis	I-DISO
and	O
septic	B-DISO
shock	I-DISO
should	O
be	O
considered	O
.	O

Treatment	O
for	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
outside	O
the	O
home	O
was	O
sought	O
by	O
92	O
%	O
of	O
the	O
children	O
<	O
5	O
years	O
old	O
and	O
73	O
%	O
of	O
the	O
persons	O
aged	O
five	O
years	O
and	O
older	O
.	O

The	O
acceleration	O
of	O
the	O
epithelial	O
repair	B-PROC
process	O
in	O
the	O
injured	O
lung	B-ANAT
may	O
provide	O
an	O
effective	O
therapeutic	O
target	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Chronic	B-DISO
fatigue	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
:	O
acute	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
and	O
history	O
of	O
physical	O
activity	O
affect	O
resting	B-ANAT
levels	O
and	O
response	O
to	O
exercise	O
of	O
plasma	B-ANAT
oxidant	B-CHED
/	O
antioxidant	B-CHED
status	O
and	O
heat	B-PROC
shock	I-PROC
proteins	B-CHED
.	O

A	O
combination	O
of	O
sport	O
practice	O
and	O
infection	B-DISO
was	O
noted	O
in	O
11	O
patients	O
(	O
group	O
IV	O
).	O

This	O
case	O
highlights	O
the	O
importance	O
of	O
biochemical	O
profiling	O
in	O
patients	O
presenting	O
with	O
possible	O
drug	B-DISO
use	I-DISO
,	O
even	O
in	O
the	O
absence	O
of	O
significant	O
symptoms	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
mouse	B-DISO
hepatitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
MHV	B-SPEC
)	O
has	O
a	O
high	O
mutation	O
rate	O
,	O
leading	O
to	O
various	O
neuropathologies	O
after	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

To	O
confirm	O
MHVR	O
-	O
independence	O
in	O
vitro	O
,	O
we	O
used	O
a	O
combination	O
of	O
spinoculation	O
and	O
ultraviolet	O
radiation	O
to	O
detect	O
distinct	O
plaque	B-DISO
formation	B-PROC
(	O
SpinoPlaque	O
(	O
UV	O
+))	O
afrer	O
infection	B-DISO
of	O
BHK	O
cells	B-COMP
,	O
which	O
do	O
not	O
express	O
MHVR	O
.	O

Infection	B-DISO
with	O
the	O
mutant	B-DISO
viruses	B-SPEC
was	O
100	O
%	O
correlated	O
with	O
SpinoPlaque	O
(	O
UV	O
+)	O
formation	B-PROC
.	O

This	O
is	O
in	O
contrast	O
to	O
infection	B-DISO
with	O
srr7	O
,	O
which	O
does	O
not	O
from	O
SpinoPlaque	O
(	O
UV	O
+).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Severe	O
community	O
-	O
acquired	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
due	O
to	O
Acinetobacter	B-SPEC
baumannii	I-SPEC
].	O

Administering	O
oxygen	B-CHED
via	O
the	O
respiratory	B-ANAT
tract	I-ANAT
is	O
,	O
however	O
,	O
limited	O
in	O
respiratory	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
such	O
as	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
fibrosis	I-DISO
,	O
pneumoconiosis	B-DISO
and	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
,	O
or	O
following	O
the	O
inhalation	B-PROC
of	O
asphyxiating	O
poisons	O
.	O

In	O
combination	O
with	O
their	O
superior	O
isolation	O
efficiency	O
,	O
MDCK	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
appear	O
highly	O
suitable	O
to	O
be	O
used	O
as	O
an	O
alternative	O
to	O
embryonated	O
eggs	O
to	O
isolate	O
and	O
propagate	O
influenza	B-DISO
vaccine	O
candidate	O
viruses	B-SPEC
.	O

The	O
compound	O
1	O
,	O
evaluated	O
in	O
HepG	B-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
.	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
.	O
15	O
cells	B-COMP
expressing	O
permanently	O
HBV	B-DISO
,	O
significantly	O
reduced	O
the	O
levels	O
of	O
HBV	B-DISO
antigens	B-CHED
and	O
HBV	B-DISO
DNA	O
in	O
a	O
dose	O
-	O
dependent	O
and	O
time	O
-	O
dependent	O
manner	O
.	O

Eight	O
(	O
4	O
for	O
Campylobacter	B-SPEC
jejuni	I-SPEC
,	O
2	O
for	O
Campylobacter	B-SPEC
coli	I-SPEC
,	O
1	O
for	O
Norovirus	B-SPEC
genogroup	O
II	O
,	O
and	O
1	O
for	O
both	O
Campylobacter	B-SPEC
coli	I-SPEC
and	O
enterotoxigenic	O
Escherichia	B-SPEC
coli	I-SPEC
)	O
of	O
10	O
samples	O
were	O
positive	O
for	O
at	O
least	O
1	O
enteric	O
pathogen	O
.	O

The	O
nuclear	O
receptor	O
farnesoid	B-PRGE
X	I-PRGE
receptor	I-PRGE
(	O
FXR	B-PRGE
)	O
is	O
expressed	B-PROC
in	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
artery	I-ANAT
endothelial	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
.	O

In	O
addition	O
,	O
expression	B-PROC
of	O
a	O
constitutively	O
active	O
FXR	B-PRGE
repressed	O
the	O
expression	B-PROC
of	O
proinflammatory	O
genes	O
and	O
improved	O
lung	B-ANAT
permeability	O
and	O
lung	B-ANAT
regeneration	B-PROC
in	O
FXR	O
-/-	O
mice	B-SPEC
.	O

Determination	O
of	O
etiology	O
,	O
infection	B-DISO
,	O
fat	B-DISO
embolism	I-DISO
or	O
hypoventilation	B-DISO
,	O
is	O
difficult	O
,	O
as	O
a	O
self	O
-	O
perpetuating	O
vicious	O
circle	O
is	O
ongoing	O
.	O

The	O
results	O
of	O
this	O
study	O
indicate	O
a	O
reduced	O
immune	B-PROC
response	I-PROC
to	O
MF59	O
-	O
adjuvanted	O
seasonal	O
influenza	B-DISO
vaccine	O
in	O
JIA	O
children	O
and	O
adolescents	O
treated	O
with	O
etanercept	O
in	O
comparison	O
with	O
those	O
treated	O
with	O
DMARDs	O
and	O
healthy	O
controls	O
.	O

The	O
shRNAs	O
were	O
transiently	O
transfected	O
into	O
a	O
porcine	B-SPEC
kidney	B-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
line	O
,	O
PK	O
-	O
15	O
,	O
to	O
determine	O
whether	O
these	O
constructs	O
inhibited	O
PHEV	O
production	O
.	O

Next	O
,	O
stable	O
transfection	B-PROC
of	O
shN2	B-PRGE
was	O
used	O
to	O
produce	O
two	O
siRNA	O
stably	O
expressing	O
PK	O
-	O
15	O
cell	B-ANAT
clones	I-ANAT
(	O
shN2	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
and	O
shN2	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
),	O
and	O
these	O
two	O
lines	O
were	O
infected	O
with	O
PHEV	O
.	O

These	O
results	O
indicated	O
that	O
RNAi	B-PROC
targeting	B-PROC
of	O
the	O
N	B-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
could	O
facilitate	O
studies	O
of	O
the	O
specific	O
function	O
of	O
viral	O
genes	O
associated	O
with	O
PHEV	O
replication	O
and	O
may	O
have	O
potential	O
therapeutic	O
applications	O
.	O

Severe	O
illness	O
is	O
characterized	O
by	O
a	O
loss	O
of	O
total	O
body	B-ANAT
protein	B-CHED
mass	O
,	O
mainly	O
from	O
the	O
skeletal	B-ANAT
muscle	I-ANAT
.	O

Simultaneously	O
,	O
protein	B-CHED
intake	O
should	O
be	O
between	O
1	O
.	O
2	O
and	O
1	O
.	O
5	O
g	O
/	O
kg	O
/	O
day	O
.	O

Glutamine	B-CHED
(	O
0	O
.	O
2	O
-	O
0	O
.	O
4	O
g	O
/	O
kg	O
/	O
day	O
of	O
L	B-CHED
-	I-CHED
glutamine	I-CHED
)	O
should	O
be	O
added	O
to	O
enteral	O
nutrition	B-PROC
in	O
burn	O
and	O
trauma	O
patients	O
(	O
ESPEN	O
guidelines	O
2006	O
)	O
and	O
to	O
parenteral	O
nutrition	B-PROC
,	O
in	O
the	O
form	O
of	O
dipeptides	B-CHED
,	O
in	O
intensive	O
care	O
unit	O
(	O
ICU	O
)	O
patients	O
in	O
general	O
(	O
ESPEN	O
guidelines	O
2009	O
).	O

We	O
have	O
developed	O
VIRsiRNAdb	O
,	O
a	O
manually	O
curated	O
database	O
having	O
comprehensive	O
details	O
of	O
1358	O
siRNA	O
/	O
shRNA	O
targeting	B-PROC
viral	B-COMP
genome	I-COMP
regions	O
.	O

VIRsiRNAdb	O
would	O
prove	O
useful	O
for	O
researchers	O
in	O
picking	O
up	O
the	O
best	O
viral	O
siRNA	O
for	O
antiviral	B-CHED
therapeutics	O
development	B-PROC
and	O
also	O
for	O
developing	O
better	O
viral	O
siRNA	O
design	O
tools	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
A	O
protocol	O
for	O
the	O
cessation	O
of	O
sedation	B-DISO
in	O
brain	B-ANAT
-	O
injured	O
patients	O
].	O

If	O
an	O
opioid	O
withdrawal	B-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
occurred	O
,	O
patients	O
received	O
a	O
48	O
-	O
hour	O
continuous	O
infusion	O
of	O
buprenorphine	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
The	O
role	O
of	O
high	O
-	O
frequency	O
oscillatory	O
ventilation	O
in	O
the	O
treatment	O
of	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
in	O
adults	O
.	O

HFOV	O
theoretically	O
meets	O
the	O
goals	O
of	O
lung	B-ANAT
-	O
protective	O
ventilation	O
.	O

Large	O
,	O
prospective	O
,	O
randomized	O
controlled	O
trials	O
such	O
as	O
the	O
ongoing	O
OSCAR	O
and	O
OSCILLATE	O
trials	O
will	O
help	O
further	O
define	O
the	O
role	O
of	O
HFOV	O
in	O
adult	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
study	O
'	O
s	O
objective	O
was	O
to	O
report	O
a	O
case	O
and	O
review	O
the	O
literature	O
on	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
extracorporeal	O
life	O
support	O
in	O
the	O
face	B-DISO
of	O
severe	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
hemorrhage	I-DISO
for	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Meconium	B-ANAT
aspiration	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
MAS	O
)	O
is	O
a	O
common	O
cause	O
of	O
severe	O
respiratory	B-DISO
distress	I-DISO
in	O
term	O
infants	O
,	O
with	O
an	O
associated	O
highly	O
variable	O
morbidity	O
and	O
mortality	O
.	O

This	O
disorder	O
can	O
be	O
life	O
threatening	O
,	O
often	O
complicated	O
by	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
,	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
air	B-CHED
leaks	O
,	O
and	O
PPHN	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Yeast	B-SPEC
based	O
small	O
molecule	O
screen	O
for	O
inhibitors	B-CHED
of	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
.	O
ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Severe	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
coronavirus	O
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
emerged	O
in	O
2002	O
,	O
resulting	O
in	O
roughly	O
8000	O
cases	O
worldwide	O
and	O
10	O
%	O
mortality	O
.	O

The	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
papain	B-ENZY
-	I-PRGE
like	I-PRGE
protease	I-PRGE
(	O
PLP	B-PRGE
)	O
is	O
an	O
attractive	O
target	O
for	O
pharmaceutical	B-CHED
development	B-PROC
because	O
it	O
is	O
essential	O
for	O
virus	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
and	O
is	O
conserved	O
among	O
human	B-SPEC
coronaviruses	O
.	O

BToV	O
was	O
the	O
only	O
enteric	O
pathogen	O
detected	O
in	O
these	O
outbreaks	O
,	O
as	O
determined	O
by	O
electron	O
microscopy	O
,	O
reverse	B-PROC
transcription	I-PROC
-	O
PCR	O
,	O
bacteria	B-SPEC
and	O
parasite	O
tests	O
of	O
fecal	B-ANAT
samples	O
,	O
and	O
antibody	B-COMP
tests	O
with	O
paired	O
sera	B-COMP
.	O

Furthermore	O
,	O
we	O
isolated	O
a	O
BToV	O
strain	O
,	O
designated	O
Niigata	O
(	O
TC	O
),	O
from	O
a	O
fecal	B-ANAT
sample	O
using	O
a	O
human	B-SPEC
rectal	B-DISO
tumor	I-DISO
cell	O
line	O
.	O

In	O
addition	O
,	O
our	O
findings	O
indicate	O
that	O
the	O
HE	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
of	O
BToV	O
may	O
not	O
be	O
necessary	O
for	O
viral	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
.	O

Pulmonary	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
can	O
range	O
from	O
asymptomatic	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
to	O
rapidly	O
severe	O
and	O
fatal	O
disease	O
.	O

Most	O
cases	O
will	O
present	O
as	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
,	O
either	O
acute	O
or	O
chronic	O
,	O
or	O
as	O
a	O
lung	B-ANAT
mass	O
.	O

Detection	O
of	O
urinary	O
Blastomyces	B-PRGE
antigen	B-CHED
is	O
a	O
recent	O
addition	O
to	O
diagnostic	O
options	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
High	O
frequency	O
of	O
epidemiological	O
threats	O
(	O
H5N1	B-DISO
influenza	I-DISO
,	O
SARS	B-DISO
,	O
etc	O
.)	O
in	O
modern	O
world	O
calls	O
for	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
new	O
flexible	O
technologies	O
for	O
manufacturing	O
efficacious	O
vaccines	O
and	O
rapid	O
reorientation	O
of	O
their	O
production	O
as	O
appropriate	O
.	O

The	O
main	O
objective	O
was	O
to	O
decide	O
on	O
the	O
best	O
-	O
performing	O
testing	O
approach	O
for	O
the	O
detection	O
of	O
influenza	B-SPEC
viruses	I-SPEC
A	O
and	O
B	O
,	O
parainfluenza	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
types	O
1	O
to	O
3	O
,	O
respiratory	B-SPEC
syncytial	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
RSV	B-SPEC
),	O
human	B-SPEC
metapneumovirus	I-SPEC
,	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
,	O
rhinovirus	B-SPEC
,	O
adenovirus	B-DISO
,	O
Chlamydophila	B-SPEC
pneumoniae	I-SPEC
,	O
Mycoplasma	B-SPEC
pneumoniae	I-SPEC
,	O
and	O
Legionella	B-SPEC
pneumophila	I-SPEC
by	O
nucleic	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
amplification	B-DISO
techniques	O
(	O
NAATs	O
).	O

In	O
this	O
study	O
chicks	O
and	O
old	O
hens	O
were	O
infected	O
by	O
oculo	O
-	O
nasal	B-ANAT
route	O
with	O
Italy	O
02	O
serotype	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
SARS	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
nsp1	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
induces	O
template	O
-	O
dependent	O
endonucleolytic	O
cleavage	B-PROC
of	O
mRNAs	O
:	O
viral	O
mRNAs	O
are	O
resistant	O
to	O
nsp1	O
-	O
induced	O
RNA	O
cleavage	B-PROC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
SARS	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SCoV	O
)	O
nonstructural	O
protein	B-CHED
(	O
nsp	O
)	O
1	O
,	O
a	O
potent	O
inhibitor	B-CHED
of	O
host	B-COMP
gene	B-PROC
expression	I-PROC
,	O
possesses	B-DISO
a	O
unique	O
mode	O
of	O
action	O
:	O
it	O
binds	B-FUNC
to	O
40S	O
ribosomes	B-COMP
to	O
inactivate	O
their	O
translation	B-PROC
functions	O
and	O
induces	O
host	B-COMP
mRNA	B-PROC
degradation	I-PROC
.	O

Our	O
previous	O
study	O
demonstrated	O
that	O
nsp1	B-PRGE
induces	O
RNA	B-PROC
modification	I-PROC
near	O
the	O
5	O
'-	O
end	O
of	O
a	O
reporter	O
mRNA	B-CHED
having	O
a	O
short	O
5	O
'	O
untranslated	O
region	O
and	O
RNA	O
cleavage	B-PROC
in	O
the	O
encephalomyocarditis	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
internal	O
ribosome	B-COMP
entry	O
site	O
(	O
IRES	O
)	O
region	O
of	O
a	O
dicistronic	O
RNA	O
template	O
,	O
but	O
not	O
in	O
those	O
IRES	O
elements	O
from	O
hepatitis	B-PATH
C	I-PATH
or	O
cricket	B-SPEC
paralysis	O
viruses	B-SPEC
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
RSV	B-SPEC
was	O
the	O
main	O
pathogen	O
of	O
ARI	B-CHED
,	O
and	O
the	O
new	O
-	O
found	O
virus	B-SPEC
MPV	B-SPEC
was	O
also	O
another	O
crucial	O
pathogen	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Infectious	O
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
IBV	B-SPEC
)	O
causes	O
an	O
infectious	B-DISO
respiratory	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
of	O
domestic	O
fowl	O
that	O
affects	O
poultry	O
of	O
all	O
ages	O
causing	O
economic	O
problems	O
for	O
the	O
poultry	O
industry	O
worldwide	O
.	O

These	O
interactions	O
lead	O
to	O
the	O
formation	B-PROC
of	O
viral	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
complexes	O
,	O
which	O
produce	O
new	O
viral	O
RNA	O
progeny	O
in	O
host	B-COMP
cells	B-COMP
.	O

The	O
remaining	O
12	O
patients	O
were	O
transferred	O
on	O
veno	O
-	O
venous	B-ANAT
ECMO	O
with	O
extracorporeal	B-ANAT
blood	I-ANAT
flow	O
2	O
.	O
7	O
±	O
1	O
L	O
·	O
min	O
⁻	O
¹	O
,	O
gas	B-ENZY
flow	O
3	O
.	O
8	O
±	O
1	O
.	O
8	O
L	O
·	O
min	O
⁻	O
¹	O
,	O
and	O
FiO₂	O
1	O
.	O

These	O
assays	O
are	O
now	O
being	O
multiplexed	O
with	O
primary	O
detection	O
and	O
subtyping	O
assays	O
,	O
especially	O
in	O
the	O
case	O
of	O
influenza	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
	O
Fighting	O
against	O
infectious	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
in	O
China	O
.	O

In	O
1985	O
,	O
Dr	O
.	O
Yin	O
sucessfully	O
isolated	O
the	O
hepatitis	B-SPEC
A	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
,	O
after	O
which	O
,	O
in	O
2002	O
,	O
he	O
developed	O
the	O
first	O
proprietary	O
inactivated	O
hepatitis	B-DISO
A	I-DISO
vaccine	O
in	O
China	O
and	O
soon	O
launched	O
it	O
into	O
the	O
China	O
market	O
.	O

They	O
are	O
now	O
simpler	O
,	O
safer	O
,	O
require	O
less	O
anticoagulation	B-PROC
and	O
are	O
associated	O
with	O
fewer	O
bleeding	B-DISO
complications	O
.	O

Comparing	O
infection	B-DISO
frequencies	O
in	O
children	O
who	O
have	O
mild	O
infections	B-DISO
with	O
frequencies	O
in	O
children	O
needing	O
hospital	O
uptake	O
will	O
determine	O
whether	O
infection	B-DISO
by	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
four	O
HCoVs	O
leads	O
to	O
more	O
severe	O
disease	O
.	O

In	O
addition	O
,	O
the	O
sequence	O
of	O
seroconversions	O
can	O
reveal	O
whether	O
infection	B-DISO
by	O
one	O
HCoV	O
protects	O
from	O
infection	B-DISO
by	O
other	O
HCoVs	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
The	O
majority	O
of	O
healthy	O
children	O
seroconverted	O
for	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
OC43	I-SPEC
(	O
n	O
=	O
19	O
)	O
and	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
NL63	I-SPEC
(	O
n	O
=	O
17	O
),	O
less	O
for	O
HCoV	O
-	O
HKU1	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
9	O
)	O
and	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
229E	I-SPEC
(	O
n	O
=	O
5	O
).	O

Inclusion	O
criteria	O
included	O
randomised	O
controlled	O
trials	O
and	O
quasi	O
-	O
experimental	O
and	O
observational	O
studies	O
of	O
humans	B-SPEC
published	O
in	O
English	O
with	O
an	O
outcome	O
of	O
laboratory	O
-	O
confirmed	O
or	O
clinically	O
-	O
diagnosed	O
influenza	B-DISO
and	O
other	O
viral	O
respiratory	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
.	O

One	O
hospital	O
-	O
based	O
trial	O
found	O
a	O
lower	O
rate	O
of	O
clinical	O
respiratory	O
illness	O
associated	O
with	O
non	O
-	O
fit	B-DISO
-	O
tested	O
N95	O
respirator	O
use	O
compared	O
with	O
medical	O
masks	O
.	O

None	O
of	O
the	O
studies	O
established	O
a	O
conclusive	O
relationship	O
between	O
mask	O
/	O
respirator	O
use	O
and	O
protection	O
against	O
influenza	B-PATH
infection	B-DISO
.	O

This	O
signature	O
comprised	O
57	O
genes	O
including	O
a	O
subnetwork	O
of	O
chemokines	O
,	O
implicating	O
dysregulated	O
cell	B-COMP
recruitment	B-DISO
in	O
injury	O
.	O

Finally	O
,	O
our	O
electron	O
tomograms	O
revealed	O
a	O
network	O
of	O
nucleocapsid	B-COMP
protein	B-CHED
-	O
containing	O
protein	B-CHED
tubules	O
that	O
appears	O
to	O
be	O
intertwined	O
with	O
the	O
RVN	O
.	O

The	O
finding	O
of	O
high	O
rates	O
of	O
rhinovirus	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
corresponds	O
to	O
their	O
frequent	O
occurrence	O
in	O
adults	O
.	O

Ergothioneine	B-CHED
should	O
be	O
considered	O
for	O
additional	O
testing	O
as	O
a	O
potential	O
therapy	O
for	O
treating	O
and	O
preventing	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

Dengue	B-DISO
vaccine	O
development	B-PROC
using	O
traditional	O
approaches	O
has	O
not	O
been	O
satisfactory	O
in	O
terms	O
of	O
inducing	O
neutralizing	O
antibodies	B-COMP
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Among	O
different	O
coronavirus	O
genera	O
,	O
the	O
receptor	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
binding	I-PRGE
S1	I-PRGE
subunits	I-PRGE
of	O
their	O
spike	O
proteins	B-CHED
differ	O
in	O
primary	O
,	O
secondary	O
,	O
and	O
tertiary	O
structures	O
.	O

Our	O
patient	O
experienced	O
nephrotic	B-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
and	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
caused	O
by	O
influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
/	O
H1N1	B-DISO
virus	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
at	O
5	O
years	O
of	O
age	O
.	O

The	O
BPEX	O
Pig	B-SPEC
Health	O
Scheme	O
(	O
BPHS	O
)	O
is	O
a	O
monitoring	O
system	O
,	O
which	O
informs	O
producers	O
of	O
gross	O
lesions	O
in	O
their	O
pigs	B-SPEC
'	O
carcasses	O
at	O
slaughter	O
,	O
enabling	O
farm	O
-	O
level	O
decisions	O
to	O
be	O
made	O
.	O

Principal	O
component	O
analysis	O
(	O
PCA	B-DISO
)	O
performed	O
on	O
BPHS	B-PRGE
reports	I-PRGE
generated	O
three	O
principal	O
components	O
,	O
explaining	O
71	O
%	O
of	O
the	O
total	O
variance	O
.	O

The	O
study	O
found	O
statistical	O
associations	O
between	O
levels	O
of	O
pleurisy	B-DISO
recorded	O
by	O
BPHS	O
at	O
slaughter	O
and	O
the	O
presence	O
H1N2	O
and	O
PRRSV	B-SPEC
in	O
the	O
herd	O
.	O

The	O
reports	O
were	O
combined	O
with	O
data	O
regarding	O
the	O
presence	O
/	O
absence	O
of	O
several	O
pathogens	O
in	O
the	O
herd	O
and	O
potential	O
farm	O
-	O
level	O
risk	O
factors	O
for	O
respiratory	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
.	O

The	O
BCV	B-SPEC
was	O
identified	O
in	O
lung	B-ANAT
samples	O
[	O
bronchoalveolar	O
lavage	O
(	O
BAL	B-ENZY
)	O
collection	O
]	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
in	O
nasal	B-ANAT
swabs	O
.	O

Bovine	B-SPEC
coronavirus	B-SPEC
was	O
isolated	O
from	O
both	O
healthy	O
and	O
sick	O
calves	O
,	O
but	O
not	O
from	O
sick	O
calves	O
after	O
4	O
d	O
arrival	O
at	O
the	O
feedlot	O
.	O

To	O
approach	O
the	O
subject	O
,	O
we	O
investigated	O
immunological	O
etiology	O
focused	O
on	O
cytokines	O
and	O
an	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
damage	O
factor	O
in	O
influenza	B-DISO
-	O
induced	O
ARDS	B-DISO
by	O
using	O
a	O
PR	O
-	O
8	O
(	O
A	O
/	O
H1N1	O
)-	O
infected	O
mouse	B-SPEC
model	O
.	O

The	O
aim	O
of	O
this	O
study	O
was	O
to	O
investigate	O
the	O
aerobic	O
capacity	O
of	O
children	O
3	O
years	O
after	O
they	O
were	O
diagnosed	O
with	O
severe	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
).	O

In	O
girls	O
,	O
ventilatory	O
efficiency	O
(	O
ventilatory	O
equivalents	O
for	O
oxygen	B-CHED
and	O
carbon	B-CHED
dioxide	I-CHED
)	O
and	O
perfusion	O
of	O
the	O
lungs	B-ANAT
(	O
end	O
-	O
tidal	O
partial	O
carbon	B-CHED
dioxide	I-CHED
pressure	O
)	O
had	O
not	O
increased	O
further	O
compared	O
with	O
the	O
values	O
measured	O
at	O
15	O
months	O
.	O

EVLW	O
was	O
measured	O
within	O
6	O
hours	O
of	O
ICU	O
admission	O
and	O
indexed	O
to	O
actual	O
body	B-ANAT
weight	O
(	O
EVLW	O
/	O
ABW	O
),	O
predicted	O
body	B-ANAT
weight	O
(	O
EVLW	O
/	O
PBW	O
)	O
and	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
blood	B-ANAT
volume	O
(	O
EVLW	O
/	O
PBV	O
).	O

The	O
relationship	O
of	O
these	O
indices	O
to	O
the	O
diagnosis	O
and	O
severity	O
of	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
and	O
ICU	O
mortality	O
were	O
studied	O
.	O

Clinical	O
signs	O
(	O
dyspnea	B-DISO
,	O
lethargy	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
weakness	B-DISO
)	O
started	O
very	O
acutely	O
.	O

Vaccination	O
with	O
rS1	O
,	O
rN	O
,	O
or	O
H120	O
induced	O
a	O
cellular	B-ANAT
immune	I-PROC
response	I-PROC
as	O
demonstrated	O
by	O
in	O
vitro	O
ChIFN	O
-	O
γ	O
production	O
by	O
splenocytes	O
of	O
vaccinated	O
birds	B-SPEC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Catastrophic	O
antiphospholipid	B-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
develops	O
in	O
a	O
minority	O
of	O
patients	O
with	O
antiphospholipid	B-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
,	O
and	O
is	O
characterized	O
by	O
acute	O
thrombotic	O
microvasculopathy	O
with	O
multiorganic	O
involvement	O
(	O
three	O
or	O
more	O
organs	B-ANAT
).	O

The	O
authors	O
present	O
a	O
clinical	O
case	O
of	O
catastrophic	O
antiphospholipid	B-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
,	O
diagnosed	O
in	O
a	O
patient	O
with	O
abdominal	B-DISO
pain	I-DISO
and	O
severe	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
.	O

Mean	O
PaO2	O
/	O
FiO2	O
ratio	O
increased	O
from	O
125	O
(±	O
43	O
)	O
to	O
300	O
(±	O
103	O
;	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
0001	O
)	O
after	O
MRS	B-DISO
and	O
was	O
sustained	O
above	O
300	O
throughout	O
seven	O
days	O
.	O

The	O
potentially	O
recruitable	O
lung	B-ANAT
was	O
estimated	O
at	O
45	O
%	O
(	O
IQR	O
:	O
25	O
to	O
53	O
).	O

To	O
further	O
validate	O
the	O
hypothesis	O
and	O
understand	O
initial	O
immune	B-PROC
responses	I-PROC
to	O
different	O
viruses	B-SPEC
,	O
two	O
phage	O
-	O
displayed	O
human	B-SPEC
cord	B-ANAT
blood	I-ANAT
-	O
derived	O
IgM	B-PRGE
libraries	O
were	O
constructed	O
which	O
contained	O
mostly	O
germline	O
antibodies	B-COMP
or	O
antibodies	B-COMP
with	O
very	O
low	O
level	O
of	O
somatic	O
hypermutations	O
.	O

Despite	O
a	O
high	O
sequence	O
and	O
combinatorial	O
diversity	O
observed	O
in	O
the	O
cord	B-ANAT
blood	I-ANAT
-	O
derived	O
IgM	B-COMP
antibody	B-PROC
repertoire	O
,	O
no	O
enrichment	O
for	O
binders	O
of	O
Envs	O
was	O
observed	O
in	O
contrast	O
to	O
considerable	O
specific	O
enrichments	O
produced	O
with	O
panning	O
against	O
RBD	O
and	O
sG	O
;	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
selected	O
monoclonal	O
antibodies	B-COMP
(	O
against	O
the	O
RBD	O
)	O
was	O
of	O
high	O
(	O
nM	O
)	O
affinity	O
with	O
only	O
few	O
somatic	B-DISO
mutations	I-DISO
.	O

These	O
results	O
further	O
support	O
and	O
expand	O
our	O
initial	O
hypothesis	O
for	O
fundamental	O
differences	O
in	O
immune	B-PROC
responses	I-PROC
leading	O
to	O
elicitation	O
of	O
bnAbs	O
against	O
HIV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
1	I-SPEC
compared	O
to	O
SARS	B-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
and	O
Hendra	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Spontaneous	O
breathing	B-PROC
activity	O
in	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
and	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

Clearly	O
,	O
further	O
clinical	O
and	O
experimental	O
investigations	O
on	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
different	O
ventilation	O
modes	O
of	O
supported	O
/	O
unsupported	O
spontaneous	O
breathing	B-PROC
in	I-PROC
ALI	O
/	O
ARDS	B-DISO
are	O
needed	O
.	O

Recent	O
reports	O
suggest	O
that	O
permissive	O
hypercapnia	B-DISO
,	O
therapeutic	O
paralysis	O
,	O
sedation	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
controlled	O
hypothermia	O
could	O
potentially	O
improve	O
important	O
clinical	O
outcomes	O
.	O

When	O
adding	O
microbes	O
to	O
these	O
cultures	O
,	O
bacteria	B-SPEC
and	O
virus	B-SPEC
differed	O
in	O
two	O
major	O
respects	O
;	O
Firstly	O
,	O
all	O
enveloped	O
viruses	B-SPEC
,	O
but	O
none	O
of	O
the	O
bacteria	B-SPEC
,	O
blocked	O
Th2	B-PRGE
(	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
13	I-FUNC
)	O
production	O
by	O
cord	B-DISO
CD4	B-PRGE
(+)	O
cells	B-COMP
.	O

Secondly	O
,	O
all	O
Gram	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
positive	I-SPEC
bacteria	I-SPEC
,	O
but	O
none	O
of	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
,	O
induced	O
IL	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
12p40	I-PRGE
responses	O
,	O
but	O
the	O
IL	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
12p40	I-PRGE
responses	O
did	O
not	O
affect	O
Th1	O
cytokine	B-PROC
production	I-PROC
(	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
γ	I-PRGE
).	O

These	O
data	O
imply	O
that	O
enveloped	O
virus	B-SPEC
can	O
deviate	O
Th2	O
responses	O
in	O
human	B-SPEC
cord	B-DISO
T	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
.	O

A	O
systematic	O
review	O
of	O
the	O
Brazilian	O
indexed	O
and	O
non	O
-	O
indexed	O
literature	O
on	O
complicated	O
cases	O
of	O
vivax	B-DISO
malaria	I-DISO
was	O
performed	O
including	O
published	O
articles	O
,	O
masters	O
'	O
dissertations	O
,	O
doctoral	O
theses	O
and	O
national	O
congresses	O
'	O
abstracts	O
.	O

We	O
show	O
here	O
that	O
whereas	O
antibody	B-COMP
-	O
or	O
B	B-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
-	O
deficient	O
mice	B-SPEC
failed	O
to	O
contain	O
MHV	B-SPEC
CNS	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
and	O
developed	O
progressive	O
demyelinating	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
,	O
germline	O
IgM	B-PRGE
produced	O
in	O
activation	O
-	O
induced	O
cytidine	B-ENZY
deaminase	I-ENZY
-	O
deficient	O
mice	B-SPEC
(	O
aicda	O
(-/-))	O
provided	O
long	O
-	O
term	O
protection	O
against	O
the	O
chronic	O
multiple	O
sclerosis	O
-	O
like	O
disease	O
.	O

Mice	B-SPEC
were	O
inoculated	O
with	O
A	O
/	O
swine	B-SPEC
/	O
Shandong	O
/	O
731	O
/	O
2009	O
(	O
SD	O
/	O
09	O
),	O
which	O
was	O
a	O
2009	O
H1N1	B-DISO
influenza	I-DISO
variant	O
with	O
a	O
G222D	O
mutation	O
in	O
the	O
hemagglutinin	O
.	O

These	O
results	O
suggested	O
that	O
we	O
successfully	O
established	O
an	O
ARDS	B-DISO
mouse	B-SPEC
model	O
induced	O
by	O
a	O
virulent	O
2009	O
H1N1	O
variant	O
without	O
previous	O
adaptation	B-PROC
,	O
which	O
may	O
be	O
of	O
benefit	O
for	O
evaluating	O
the	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
or	O
therapy	O
of	O
human	B-DISO
ARDS	I-DISO
caused	O
by	O
2009	O
H1N1	O
virus	B-SPEC
.	O

In	O
contrast	O
,	O
an	O
immunofluorescence	O
assay	O
(	O
IFA	O
)	O
showed	O
that	O
depalmitylated	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SCoV	O
)	O
S	O
proteins	B-CHED
still	O
co	O
-	O
localized	O
with	O
the	O
M	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
in	O
the	O
budding	B-PATH
site	O
.	O

This	O
indicated	O
that	O
these	O
palmitylated	O
cysteines	O
are	O
essential	O
for	O
S	O
incorporation	O
,	O
but	O
are	O
not	O
involved	O
in	O
S	O
co	O
-	O
localization	B-PROC
mediated	O
by	O
the	O
M	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
.	O

A	O
growing	O
understanding	O
of	O
the	O
complexity	O
of	O
the	O
pathophysiology	O
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
,	O
coupled	O
with	O
advances	O
in	O
stem	B-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
biology	O
,	O
has	O
lead	O
to	O
a	O
renewed	O
interest	O
in	O
the	O
therapeutic	O
potential	O
of	O
mesenchymal	B-ANAT
stem	I-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
for	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

Recent	O
evidence	O
suggests	O
that	O
mesenchymal	B-ANAT
stem	I-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
can	O
modulate	O
the	O
immune	B-PROC
response	I-PROC
to	O
reduce	O
injury	O
and	O
also	O
increase	O
resistance	B-PROC
to	O
infection	B-DISO
,	O
while	O
also	O
facilitating	O
regeneration	B-PROC
and	O
repair	B-PROC
of	O
the	O
injured	O
lung	B-ANAT
.	O

We	O
also	O
summarise	O
existing	O
pre	O
-	O
clinical	O
evidence	O
,	O
evaluate	O
the	O
potential	O
and	O
pitfalls	O
of	O
using	O
mesenchymal	B-ANAT
stem	I-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
for	O
treatment	O
,	O
and	O
examine	O
the	O
likely	O
future	O
directions	O
for	O
mesenchymal	B-ANAT
stem	I-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
in	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

Serious	O
impacts	O
on	O
susceptible	O
populations	O
most	O
frequently	O
occur	O
when	O
generalist	O
pathogens	O
are	O
maintained	O
within	O
populations	O
of	O
abundant	O
(	O
often	O
domestic	O
)	O
""""	O
reservoir	O
""""	O
hosts	B-COMP
,	O
and	O
spill	O
over	O
into	O
less	O
abundant	O
host	B-COMP
species	B-SPEC
.	O

If	O
this	O
is	O
the	O
case	O
,	O
disease	O
control	O
directed	O
at	O
the	O
reservoir	O
host	B-COMP
might	O
be	O
most	O
appropriate	O
.	O

Domestic	O
dog	B-SPEC
contact	O
was	O
associated	O
with	O
exposure	O
to	O
canine	O
parvovirus	B-DISO
,	O
Ehrlichia	B-SPEC
canis	I-SPEC
,	O
Neospora	B-SPEC
caninum	I-SPEC
and	O
perhaps	O
rabies	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
,	O
but	O
not	O
with	O
exposure	O
to	O
canine	B-SPEC
distemper	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
or	O
canine	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
.	O

Ten	O
of	O
them	O
suffered	B-DISO
from	O
pathological	B-DISO
fractures	I-DISO
,	O
and	O
10	O
from	O
chylopericardium	B-DISO
and	O
/	O
or	O
chylous	B-DISO
ascites	I-DISO
.	O

The	O
publications	O
do	O
not	O
specify	O
the	O
ultimate	O
cause	O
of	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
.	O

Respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
and	O
infection	B-DISO
are	O
aggravated	O
by	O
immunosuppression	B-PROC
,	O
malnutrition	B-DISO
and	O
the	O
non	O
-	O
restrictive	O
use	O
of	O
central	O
catheters	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Recommendations	O
of	O
the	O
Infectious	B-DISO
Diseases	I-DISO
Work	O
Group	O
(	O
GTEI	O
)	O
of	O
the	O
Spanish	O
Society	O
of	O
Intensive	O
and	O
Critical	O
Care	O
Medicine	O
and	O
Coronary	B-ANAT
Units	O
(	O
SEMICYUC	O
)	O
and	O
the	O
Infections	B-DISO
in	O
Critically	B-DISO
Ill	I-DISO
Patients	O
Study	O
Group	O
(	O
GEIPC	O
)	O
of	O
the	O
Spanish	O
Society	O
of	O
Infectious	B-DISO
Diseases	I-DISO
and	O
Clinical	O
Microbiology	O
(	O
SEIMC	O
)	O
for	O
the	O
diagnosis	O
and	O
treatment	O
of	O
influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
/	O
H1N1	O
in	O
seriously	O
ill	B-DISO
adults	O
admitted	O
to	O
the	O
Intensive	O
Care	O
Unit	O
].	O

Indirect	O
methods	O
for	O
detecting	O
antibodies	B-COMP
are	O
only	O
of	O
epidemiological	O
interest	O
.	O

New	O
antiviral	B-CHED
drugs	I-CHED
,	O
especially	O
those	O
formulated	O
for	O
intravenous	O
administration	O
,	O
may	O
be	O
the	O
best	O
choice	O
in	O
future	O
epidemics	O
.	O

Patients	O
with	O
a	O
high	O
suspicion	O
of	O
influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
/	O
H1N1	O
infection	B-DISO
must	O
continue	O
with	O
antiviral	B-CHED
treatment	O
,	O
regardless	O
of	O
the	O
negative	O
results	O
of	O
initial	O
tests	O
,	O
unless	O
an	O
alternative	O
diagnosis	O
can	O
be	O
established	O
or	O
clinical	O
criteria	O
suggest	O
a	O
low	O
probability	O
of	O
influenza	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
microbiological	O
findings	O
and	O
clinical	O
or	O
laboratory	O
test	O
variables	O
may	O
decide	O
withdrawal	B-DISO
or	O
not	O
of	O
antibiotic	B-CHED
treatment	O
.	O

Pneumococcal	O
vaccination	O
is	O
recommended	O
as	O
a	O
preventive	O
measure	O
in	O
the	O
population	O
at	O
risk	O
of	O
suffering	B-DISO
severe	O
complications	O
.	O

Noninvasive	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
cannot	O
be	O
considered	O
a	O
technique	O
of	O
choice	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
,	O
though	O
it	O
may	O
be	O
useful	O
in	O
experienced	O
centers	O
and	O
in	O
cases	O
of	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
associated	O
with	O
chronic	B-DISO
obstructive	I-DISO
pulmonary	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
exacerbation	O
or	O
heart	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
.	O

Female	O
BLM	B-DISO
WT	O
mice	B-SPEC
had	O
mild	O
fibrosis	B-DISO
and	O
displayed	O
a	O
possible	O
compensatory	O
upregulation	B-PROC
of	O
the	O
AT2	B-PRGE
receptor	I-PRGE
.	O

These	O
counties	O
account	O
for	O
an	O
important	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
Croatian	O
commercial	O
pig	B-SPEC
production	O
and	O
have	O
a	O
high	O
density	O
of	O
wild	B-SPEC
boars	I-SPEC
.	O

Antibodies	B-COMP
to	O
all	O
of	O
the	O
infectious	B-DISO
pathogens	O
except	O
SVDV	O
were	O
detected	O
.	O

These	O
observations	O
give	O
some	O
insights	O
into	O
the	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
of	O
coronavirus	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
and	O
are	O
thought	O
to	O
help	O
understand	O
the	O
interactions	O
between	O
sensory	B-ANAT
neurons	I-ANAT
and	O
their	O
satellite	O
cells	B-COMP
.	O

Sputum	B-ANAT
culture	O
revealed	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
MRSA	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
HSV	B-SPEC
was	O
isolated	O
in	O
broncho	O
-	O
alveoler	O
lavage	O
(	O
BAL	B-ENZY
)	O
fluid	O
.	O

Using	O
gene	O
knockdown	O
technology	O
,	O
we	O
demonstrate	O
that	O
phosphatidylinositol	B-PRGE
4	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
kinase	I-PRGE
IIIβ	I-PRGE
(	O
PI4KB	B-PRGE
)	O
is	O
required	O
for	O
cellular	B-COMP
entry	O
by	O
pseudoviruses	O
bearing	O
the	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
-	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
spike	O
protein	B-CHED
and	O
that	O
the	O
cell	B-COMP
entry	O
mediated	O
by	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
spike	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
is	O
strongly	O
inhibited	O
by	O
knockdown	O
of	O
PI4KB	B-PRGE
.	O

The	O
current	O
study	O
aims	O
at	O
identifying	O
novel	O
host	B-COMP
cellular	B-COMP
interactors	O
of	O
the	O
3b	O
protein	B-CHED
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Virus	B-SPEC
-	O
induced	O
apoptosis	B-PATH
and	O
viral	O
mechanisms	O
that	O
regulate	O
this	O
cell	B-PROC
death	I-PROC
program	O
are	O
key	O
issues	O
in	O
understanding	O
virus	B-SPEC
-	O
host	B-COMP
interactions	O
and	O
viral	B-DISO
pathogenesis	I-DISO
.	O

Interestingly	O
,	O
the	O
onset	O
of	O
apoptosis	O
occurred	O
earlier	O
in	O
IBV	B-SPEC
-	O
infected	O
mammalian	B-SPEC
cells	B-COMP
silenced	O
with	O
short	O
interfering	O
RNA	O
targeting	B-PROC
Mcl	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
(	O
siMcl	O
-	O
1	O
),	O
and	O
was	O
delayed	O
in	O
cells	B-COMP
silenced	O
with	O
siBak	O
.	O

OSAS	B-DISO
is	O
traditionally	O
diagnosed	O
using	O
polysomnography	O
,	O
which	O
requires	O
a	O
whole	O
night	O
stay	O
at	O
the	O
sleep	B-PROC
laboratory	O
of	O
a	O
hospital	O
,	O
with	O
multiple	O
electrodes	O
attached	O
to	O
the	O
patient	O
'	O
s	O
body	B-ANAT
.	O

In	O
this	O
method	O
,	O
first	O
segmentation	B-PROC
is	O
done	O
to	O
eliminate	O
the	O
silence	O
parts	O
.	O

Applying	O
a	O
natural	O
experiment	O
design	O
to	O
the	O
Taiwan	O
population	O
between	O
2000	O
and	O
2004	O
,	O
which	O
includes	O
the	O
2003	O
SARS	B-DISO
epidemic	O
when	O
an	O
average	O
20	O
%	O
decline	O
in	O
health	O
care	O
utilization	O
occurred	O
,	O
this	O
study	O
examines	O
the	O
association	O
between	O
a	O
decline	O
in	O
health	O
care	O
utilization	O
and	O
health	O
outcomes	O
measured	O
by	O
cause	O
-	O
specific	O
mortality	O
rates	O
.	O

Although	O
air	B-CHED
travel	O
contributed	O
to	O
dissemination	O
in	O
these	O
two	O
pandemics	O
,	O
the	O
travel	O
restrictions	O
,	O
quarantines	O
,	O
and	O
heightened	O
vigilance	O
which	O
resulted	O
had	O
an	O
impact	O
on	O
maritime	O
health	O
.	O

Most	O
of	O
the	O
data	O
for	O
maritime	O
influenza	B-DISO
outbreaks	O
focus	O
on	O
seasonal	O
influenza	B-DISO
on	O
cruise	O
ships	O
,	O
but	O
influenza	B-DISO
among	O
crew	O
members	O
occurs	O
due	O
to	O
close	O
working	O
conditions	O
and	O
is	O
potentially	O
preventable	O
with	O
staff	O
vaccination	O
programs	O
.	O

In	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
we	O
examined	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
stability	O
on	O
lettuce	O
surfaces	O
.	O

A	O
cell	B-COMP
culture	O
adapted	O
bovine	B-SPEC
coronavirus	B-SPEC
,	O
diluted	O
in	O
growth	B-PROC
media	B-ANAT
or	O
in	O
bovine	B-SPEC
fecal	B-ANAT
suspensions	O
to	O
simulate	O
fecal	B-ANAT
contamination	O
was	O
used	O
to	O
spike	O
romaine	O
lettuce	O
.	O

Thus	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
possible	O
that	O
contaminated	O
vegetables	O
may	O
be	O
potential	O
vehicles	O
for	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
zoonotic	O
transmission	O
to	O
humans	B-SPEC
.	O

The	O
peptide	B-CHED
also	O
inhibits	O
proliferation	B-DISO
of	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
NL63	O
.	O

Peptide	B-CHED
(	O
438	O
)	O
YKYRYL	O
(	O
443	O
)	O
is	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
receptor	O
-	O
binding	B-FUNC
domain	O
(	O
RBD	O
)	O
of	O
the	O
spike	O
protein	B-CHED
of	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
.	O
Peptide	B-CHED
libraries	O
were	O
screened	O
by	O
surface	O
plasmon	O
resonance	O
(	O
SPR	O
)	O
to	O
identify	O
RBD	O
binding	B-FUNC
epitopes	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Alcohol	O
worsens	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
by	O
inhibiting	O
alveolar	B-ANAT
sodium	B-PROC
transport	I-PROC
through	O
the	O
adenosine	B-CHED
A1	I-PRGE
receptor	I-PRGE
.	O

Alcohol	O
decreases	O
alveolar	B-ANAT
fluid	O
clearance	O
and	O
impairs	O
survival	O
from	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
.	O

Physical	O
examination	O
showed	O
fine	O
bilateral	O
basal	O
crackles	B-DISO
.	O

inoculation	O
,	O
while	O
FIPVs	O
with	O
intact	O
3c	O
genes	O
were	O
shed	O
in	O
the	O
feces	B-ANAT
following	O
oronasal	O
but	O
not	O
i	O
.	O
p	O
.	O

An	O
attempt	O
to	O
trace	O
FIPV	O
isolates	O
back	B-ANAT
to	O
enteric	O
strains	O
existing	O
in	O
the	O
shelter	O
was	O
only	O
partially	O
successful	O
due	O
to	O
the	O
large	O
region	O
over	O
which	O
shelter	O
cats	B-SPEC
and	O
kittens	O
originated	O
,	O
housing	O
conditions	O
prior	O
to	O
acquisition	O
,	O
and	O
rapid	O
movement	B-PROC
through	O
the	O
shelter	O
.	O

In	O
order	B-SPEC
to	O
identify	O
potential	O
therapeutic	O
targets	O
,	O
we	O
asked	O
here	O
whether	O
common	O
molecular	O
mechanisms	O
can	O
be	O
identified	O
that	O
are	O
relevant	O
in	O
different	O
models	O
of	O
the	O
direct	O
form	O
of	O
ALI	O
/	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

Further	O
mechanisms	O
including	O
TNF	B-PRGE
,	O
DARC	B-PRGE
,	O
HMGB1	B-PRGE
,	O
PARP	B-PRGE
,	O
GADD45	B-PRGE
and	O
collagenase	B-PRGE
are	O
under	O
investigation	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
recognize	O
the	O
etiological	O
agent	O
responsible	O
for	O
severe	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
failure	O
(	O
ARF	B-DISO
)	O
in	O
patients	O
in	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
(	O
MV	O
)	O
is	O
important	O
to	O
determine	O
their	O
treatment	O
and	O
prognosis	O
,	O
and	O
to	O
avoid	O
the	O
excessive	O
use	O
of	O
antibiotics	B-CHED
.	O

Mini	O
bronchoalveolar	O
lavage	O
(	O
mini	O
BAL	B-ENZY
)	O
is	O
a	O
blind	B-DISO
,	O
non	O
bronchoscopic	O
procedure	O
,	O
used	O
to	O
obtain	O
samples	O
from	O
the	O
lower	B-ANAT
respiratory	I-ANAT
tract	I-ANAT
from	O
patients	O
on	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
(	O
MV	O
).	O

To	O
assess	O
the	O
feasibility	O
,	O
complications	O
and	O
preliminary	O
results	O
of	O
mini	O
BAL	B-ENZY
among	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
ARF	B-DISO
on	O
MV	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
At	O
baseline	O
:	O
APACHE	O
II	O
score	O
of	O
22	O
±	O
6	O
,	O
7	O
,	O
PaO2	O
/	O
FiO2	O
ratio	O
was	O
176	O
.	O
6	O
±	O
48	O
.	O
6	O
and	O
the	O
oxygenation	B-PROC
index	O
was	O
9	O
.	O
74	O
±	O
3	O
.	O
78	O
.	O

There	O
is	O
clear	O
overlap	O
between	O
the	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
of	O
CRS	B-DISO
and	O
asthma	B-PATH
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
No	O
respiratory	O
viruses	B-SPEC
were	O
detected	O
in	O
any	O
of	O
the	O
samples	O
.	O

A	O
50	O
-	O
year	O
-	O
old	O
female	O
,	O
after	O
presenting	O
with	O
diarrhea	B-DISO
and	O
abdominal	B-DISO
pain	I-DISO
,	O
developed	O
pancolitis	B-DISO
,	O
acute	B-DISO
renal	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
,	O
and	O
thrombocytopenia	O
.	O

In	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
we	O
investigated	O
the	O
impact	O
of	O
these	O
mutations	O
on	O
receptor	O
recognition	O
,	O
an	O
important	O
determinant	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
CoV	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
and	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
.	O

These	O
results	O
not	O
only	O
illustrate	O
the	O
detailed	O
mechanisms	O
of	O
host	B-COMP
receptor	O
adaptation	B-PROC
by	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
but	O
also	O
provide	O
a	O
molecular	O
and	O
structural	O
basis	O
for	O
tracking	O
future	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
evolution	B-PROC
in	O
animals	B-SPEC
.	O

The	O
data	O
show	O
that	O
the	O
shift	O
from	O
9	O
-	O
O	O
-	O
to	O
4	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
O	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
Ac	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
Sia	I-PRGE
receptor	I-PRGE
usage	O
primarily	O
entailed	O
a	O
change	O
in	O
ligand	B-PROC
binding	B-FUNC
topology	O
and	O
,	O
surprisingly	O
,	O
only	O
modest	O
changes	O
in	O
receptor	O
-	O
binding	O
site	O
architecture	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Seroepidemiology	O
of	O
respiratory	O
(	O
group	O
2	O
)	O
canine	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
,	O
canine	B-SPEC
parainfluenza	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
,	O
and	O
Bordetella	O
bronchiseptica	O
infections	B-DISO
in	O
urban	O
dogs	B-SPEC
in	O
a	O
humane	O
shelter	O
and	O
in	O
rural	O
dogs	B-SPEC
in	O
small	O
communities	O
.	O

Rural	O
dogs	B-SPEC
were	O
0	O
.	O
421	O
times	O
(	O
P	O
≤	O
0	O
.	O
0001	O
)	O
less	O
likely	O
to	O
be	O
positive	O
for	O
CRCoV	O
than	O
dogs	B-SPEC
admitted	O
to	O
the	O
shelter	O
.	O

Seroconversion	O
to	O
CRCoV	O
was	O
common	O
in	O
dogs	B-SPEC
in	O
the	O
shelter	O
,	O
but	O
was	O
not	O
associated	O
(	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
18	O
)	O
with	O
respiratory	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
.	O

With	O
changing	O
spectrum	O
of	O
clinical	O
presentation	O
in	O
malaria	B-PATH
,	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
system	I-ANAT
involvement	O
has	O
always	O
been	O
under	O
diagnosed	O
.	O

STUDY	O
DESIGN	O
&	O
DESCRIPTION	O
OF	O
THE	O
PATIENTS	O
:	O
Our	O
study	O
was	O
conducted	O
during	O
2007	O
to	O
2009	O
in	O
200	O
cases	O
of	O
severe	O
malaria	B-PATH
[	O
Pf	O
,	O
Pv	O
,	O
and	O
mixed	O
(	O
Pf	O
+	O
Pv	O
)]	O
with	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
involvement	I-DISO
.	O

Metabolic	B-DISO
acidosis	I-DISO
and	O
low	O
oxygen	B-CHED
saturation	O
was	O
observed	O
in	O
7	O
%	O
patients	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Aryl	O
diketoacid	O
(	O
ADK	O
)	O
is	O
well	O
known	O
for	O
antiviral	B-CHED
activity	O
which	O
can	O
be	O
enhanced	O
by	O
introduction	O
of	O
an	O
aromatic	O
arylmethyl	O
substituent	O
.	O

Overexpression	B-PROC
of	O
pRb	B-PRGE
delayed	O
the	O
viral	O
protein	B-CHED
production	O
by	O
wild	O
-	O
type	O
MHV	B-SPEC
but	O
not	O
by	O
vLC	B-ANAT
.	O

We	O
have	O
cloned	O
a	O
novel	O
full	O
-	O
length	O
isoform	O
of	O
psg16	O
that	O
is	O
also	O
expressed	B-PROC
in	O
the	O
brain	B-ANAT
,	O
placenta	B-ANAT
,	O
and	O
retina	B-ANAT
but	O
,	O
like	O
the	O
truncated	O
form	O
,	O
lacks	O
MHV	B-PRGE
receptor	B-FUNC
activity	I-FUNC
when	O
expressed	B-PROC
on	O
293T	O
cells	B-COMP
,	O
suggesting	O
that	O
PSG16	O
does	O
not	O
mediate	O
CEACAM1a	O
-	O
independent	O
spread	O
of	O
MHV	B-SPEC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Enhancement	O
of	O
anti	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
murine	I-PRGE
colon	B-DISO
cancer	B-SPEC
immunity	B-PROC
by	O
fusion	O
of	O
a	O
SARS	B-DISO
fragment	O
to	O
a	O
low	O
-	O
immunogenic	O
carcinoembryonic	O
antigen	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
It	O
is	O
widely	O
understood	O
that	O
tumor	B-ANAT
cells	B-COMP
express	O
tumor	B-DISO
-	O
associated	O
antigens	B-CHED
(	O
TAAs	O
),	O
of	O
which	O
many	O
are	O
usually	O
in	O
low	O
immunogenicity	O
;	O
for	O
example	O
,	O
carcinoembryonic	B-PRGE
antigen	I-PRGE
(	O
CEA	B-PRGE
)	O
is	O
specifically	O
expressed	B-PROC
on	O
human	B-SPEC
colon	B-DISO
cancer	B-ANAT
cells	B-COMP
and	O
is	O
viewed	O
as	O
a	O
low	O
-	O
immunogenic	O
TAA	B-DISO
.	O

He	O
was	O
hypothermic	O
,	O
unresponsive	O
with	O
bilateral	O
mydriasis	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
had	O
poor	O
oxygen	B-CHED
saturation	O
.	O

He	O
developed	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
requiring	O
high	O
frequency	O
percussive	O
ventilation	O
.	O

He	O
completely	O
recovered	O
from	O
the	O
respiratory	O
and	O
cardiac	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
.	O

Among	O
the	O
most	O
frequent	O
causes	O
for	O
admission	O
are	O
exacerbation	O
of	O
chronic	B-DISO
obstructive	I-DISO
pulmonary	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
and	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
with	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
(	O
ALI	O
)	O
or	O
with	O
criteria	O
of	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
).	O

This	O
support	O
should	O
alleviate	O
the	O
catabolic	B-PROC
effects	O
of	O
the	O
disease	O
,	O
avoid	O
calorie	B-DISO
overload	I-DISO
and	O
,	O
in	O
selected	O
patients	O
,	O
to	O
use	O
omega	O
-	O
3	O
fatty	O
acid	O
-	O
and	O
antioxidant	B-CHED
-	O
enriched	O
diets	O
,	O
which	O
could	O
improve	O
outcome	O
.	O

In	O
young	O
children	O
,	O
CoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
HKU1	I-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
is	O
associated	O
with	O
a	O
high	O
rate	O
of	O
febrile	B-DISO
seizures	I-DISO
(	O
50	O
%).	O

This	O
study	O
also	O
revealed	O
a	O
previously	O
unknown	O
diversity	O
of	O
coronaviruses	O
in	O
bats	O
,	O
which	O
are	O
important	O
natural	O
reservoir	O
for	O
coronaviruses	O
including	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
-	O
like	O
viruses	B-SPEC
.	O

Using	O
the	O
'	O
pancoronavirus	O
'	O
reverse	B-PROC
transcription	I-PROC
-	O
polymerase	O
chain	O
reaction	O
assay	O
,	O
detection	O
rates	O
were	O
0	O
.	O
6	O
%	O
for	O
HCoVNL63	O
,	O
1	O
.	O
2	O
%	O
for	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
OC43	I-SPEC
,	O
0	O
.	O
5	O
%	O
for	O
HCoV	O
-	O
HKU1	O
,	O
and	O
0	O
.	O
2	O
%	O
for	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
229E	I-SPEC
.	O

Antibody	B-COMP
-	O
mediated	O
infection	B-DISO
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
triggers	O
entry	O
into	O
human	B-SPEC
haematopoietic	B-ANAT
cells	B-COMP
via	O
an	O
FcγR	O
-	O
dependent	O
and	O
ACE2	B-PRGE
-,	O
pH	O
-,	O
cysteine	B-CHED
-	O
protease	O
-	O
independent	O
pathways	B-PROC
.	O

Occurrence	O
of	O
immune	O
-	O
mediated	O
enhancement	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
CoV	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
raises	O
safety	O
concerns	O
regarding	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
vaccine	O
in	O
humans	B-SPEC
and	O
enables	O
new	O
ways	O
to	O
investigate	O
SARS	B-DISO
pathogenesis	B-DISO
(	O
tropism	B-PROC
and	O
immune	B-PROC
response	I-PROC
deregulation	O
).	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Feline	B-SPEC
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
FCoV	O
)	O
is	O
an	O
enveloped	O
single	O
-	O
stranded	O
RNA	O
virus	O
,	O
of	O
the	O
family	B-SPEC
Coronaviridae	I-SPEC
and	O
the	O
order	B-SPEC
Nidovirales	I-SPEC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
The	O
Effects	O
of	O
Temperature	O
and	O
Relative	O
Humidity	O
on	O
the	O
Viability	O
of	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
Coronavirus	B-SPEC
.	O

Here	O
we	O
show	O
that	O
human	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
(	O
HCoV	O
)	O
NL63	O
and	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
CoV	O
papain	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
like	I-PRGE
proteases	I-PRGE
(	O
PLP	B-PRGE
)	O
antagonize	O
innate	O
immune	O
signaling	B-PROC
mediated	O
by	O
STING	B-PRGE
(	O
stimulator	B-PRGE
of	I-PRGE
interferon	I-PRGE
genes	I-PRGE
,	O
also	O
known	O
as	O
MITA	B-PRGE
/	O
ERIS	B-PRGE
/	O
MYPS	O
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Risk	O
assessment	O
of	O
airborne	O
infectious	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
in	O
aircraft	O
cabins	O
.	O

Deterministic	O
and	O
probabilistic	O
approaches	O
were	O
used	O
to	O
quantify	O
the	O
risks	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
amount	O
of	O
inhaled	B-PROC
influenza	B-DISO
virus	I-SPEC
RNA	O
particles	O
and	O
quanta	O
,	O
respectively	O
.	O

The	O
probabilistic	O
approach	O
indicated	O
that	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
secondary	O
infection	O
cases	O
can	O
be	O
reduced	O
from	O
3	O
to	O
0	O
and	O
20	O
to	O
11	O
,	O
for	O
influenza	B-DISO
cases	O
if	O
N95	O
respirator	O
masks	O
are	O
used	O
by	O
the	O
passengers	O
.	O

Between	O
2005	O
-	O
2007	O
,	O
95	O
pet	O
and	O
10	O
feral	O
cats	B-SPEC
tested	O
negative	O
by	O
indirect	O
immunofluorescence	O
antibody	B-COMP
(	O
IFA	O
)	O
analysis	O
using	O
two	O
strains	O
of	O
type	B-PRGE
II	I-PRGE
FCoV	I-PRGE
,	O
two	O
transmissible	O
gastroenteritis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
assays	O
,	O
an	O
enzyme	O
-	O
linked	O
immunosorbent	O
assay	O
and	O
rapid	O
immunomigration	O
test	O
.	O

These	O
data	O
suggest	O
that	O
pDCs	O
facilitate	O
CD4	B-PRGE
(+)	O
helper	B-ANAT
T	I-ANAT
-	I-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
responses	O
to	O
persistent	O
viruses	B-SPEC
independently	O
of	O
direct	O
antigen	B-PROC
presentation	I-PROC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
describe	O
the	O
clinical	O
presentation	O
and	O
case	O
management	O
of	O
a	O
dog	B-SPEC
that	O
developed	O
ascending	O
flaccid	B-DISO
paralysis	I-DISO
after	O
being	O
envenomated	O
by	O
a	O
Southern	B-SPEC
Pacific	I-SPEC
rattlesnake	I-SPEC
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
In	O
6	O
cases	O
,	O
pulse	B-PROC
blood	B-PROC
oxygen	B-CHED
saturation	I-PROC
[	O
SpO	O
(	O
2	O
)]	O
was	O
elevated	O
(	O
0	O
.	O
45	O
-	O
0	O
.	O
92	O
up	O
to	O
0	O
.	O
94	O
-	O
1	O
.	O
00	O
),	O
PEEP	B-CHED
level	O
[	O
cm	O
H	O
(	O
2	O
)	O
O	O
,	O
1	O
cm	O
H	O
(	O
2	O
)	O
O	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
098	O
kPa	O
]	O
and	O
[	O
FiO	O
(	O
2	O
)]	O
were	O
lowered	O
[	O
PEEP	B-CHED
:	O
10	O
.	O
0	O
-	O
22	O
.	O
0	O
down	O
to	O
4	O
.	O
0	O
-	O
15	O
.	O
0	O
;	O
FiO	O
(	O
2	O
):	O
1	O
.	O
00	O
down	O
to	O
0	O
.	O
30	O
-	O
0	O
.	O
60	O
]	O
after	O
treatment	O
with	O
ECMO	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
evaluate	O
the	O
effects	O
of	O
extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenation	B-PROC
(	O
ECMO	O
)	O
on	O
mortality	O
in	O
adult	O
patients	O
with	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
The	O
application	O
of	O
extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenation	B-PROC
in	O
critically	B-DISO
ill	I-DISO
patient	O
].	O

A	O
retrospective	O
observational	O
study	O
of	O
9	O
patients	O
treated	O
in	O
intensive	O
care	O
unit	O
(	O
ICU	O
)	O
of	O
Peking	O
University	O
Third	O
Hospital	O
and	O
Beijing	O
Ditan	B-CHED
Hospital	O
from	O
October	O
1	O
,	O
2007	O
to	O
December	O
26	O
,	O
2009	O
with	O
ECMO	O
for	O
various	O
diseases	O
was	O
conducted	O
.	O

The	O
mean	O
amount	O
of	O
red	B-ANAT
blood	I-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
suspension	O
administered	O
per	O
patients	O
was	O
(	O
15	O
.	O
1	O
±	O
9	O
.	O
9	O
)	O
U	O
,	O
and	O
length	O
of	O
ICU	O
stay	O
was	O
(	O
18	O
.	O
9	O
±	O
15	O
.	O
7	O
)	O
days	O
.	O

Blood	B-ANAT
routine	O
,	O
electrolytes	O
,	O
blood	B-PROC
gas	B-ENZY
analysis	O
,	O
hepatic	B-ANAT
and	O
renal	B-PROC
function	I-PROC
tests	O
and	O
cardiac	B-ANAT
enzymes	O
were	O
examined	O
before	O
and	O
after	O
treatment	O
.	O

Respiratory	B-ANAT
system	I-ANAT
could	O
be	O
mainly	O
injured	O
as	O
the	O
result	O
of	O
exposure	O
to	O
phosgene	B-CHED
and	O
leading	O
to	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

Sixteen	O
patients	O
totally	O
recovered	O
,	O
1	O
patient	O
died	B-PROC
,	O
and	O
the	O
cure	O
rate	O
was	O
94	O
.	O
12	O
%.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Nonstructural	O
proteins	B-CHED
7	O
and	O
8	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
have	O
previously	O
been	O
shown	O
by	O
X	O
-	O
ray	B-SPEC
crystallography	O
to	O
form	O
an	O
8	O
:	O
8	O
hexadecamer	O
.	O

We	O
present	O
here	O
the	O
2	O
.	O
6	O
-	O
Å	O
crystal	B-ANAT
structure	O
of	O
the	O
feline	B-SPEC
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
FCoV	O
)	O
Nsp7	O
:	O
Nsp8	B-PRGE
complex	I-PRGE
,	O
which	O
is	O
a	O
2	O
:	O
1	O
heterotrimer	O
containing	O
two	O
copies	O
of	O
the	O
α	O
-	O
helical	O
Nsp7	O
with	O
conformational	O
differences	O
between	O
them	O
,	O
and	O
one	O
copy	O
of	O
Nsp8	O
that	O
consists	O
of	O
an	O
α	B-PRGE
/	I-PRGE
β	I-PRGE
domain	I-PRGE
and	O
a	O
long	O
-	O
α	O
-	O
helix	O
domain	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
The	O
First	O
Case	O
of	O
Feline	B-DISO
Infectious	I-DISO
Peritonitis	I-DISO
-	O
like	O
Pyogranuloma	B-DISO
in	O
a	O
Ferret	B-SPEC
Infected	O
by	O
Coronavirus	B-SPEC
in	O
Japan	O
.	O

Histopathologically	O
,	O
multifocal	O
granulomas	B-DISO
consisting	O
of	O
necrotic	B-PROC
foci	O
,	O
macrophages	B-ANAT
,	O
fibroblasts	B-ANAT
and	O
plentiful	O
fibrous	O
connective	B-ANAT
tissues	I-ANAT
were	O
observed	O
in	O
the	O
mesenteric	B-ANAT
mass	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Fatal	O
outbreaks	O
in	O
dogs	B-SPEC
associated	O
with	O
pantropic	O
canine	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
in	O
France	O
and	O
Belgium	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Three	O
years	O
surveillance	O
of	O
viral	O
etiology	O
of	O
acute	B-DISO
lower	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
tract	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
in	O
children	O
from	O
2007	O
to	O
2010	O
].	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Viruses	O
are	O
common	O
pathogens	O
of	O
acute	B-DISO
lower	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
tract	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
(	O
ALRTI	O
)	O
in	O
children	O
.	O

Mixed	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
with	O
two	O
or	O
more	O
viruses	B-SPEC
were	O
detected	O
in	O
substantial	O
proportion	O
of	O
patients	O
with	O
ALRTI	O
,	O
but	O
further	O
studies	O
are	O
needed	O
to	O
explore	O
the	O
clinical	O
significance	O
of	O
mixed	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
with	O
viruses	B-SPEC
in	O
patients	O
with	O
ALRTI	O
.	O

Reverse	B-PROC
transcription	I-PROC
(	O
RT	O
)	O
PCR	O
methods	O
were	O
applied	O
to	O
detect	O
common	O
respiratory	O
viruses	B-SPEC
including	O
respiratory	B-SPEC
syncytial	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
RSV	B-SPEC
),	O
human	B-SPEC
rhinovirus	I-SPEC
(	O
HRV	O
),	O
influenza	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
type	I-SPEC
A	I-SPEC
,	O
B	O
and	O
C	O
(	O
IFA	O
,	O
IFB	B-PRGE
,	O
IFC	B-PRGE
),	O
parainfluenza	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
PIV	O
)	O
type	O
1	O
-	O
4	O
,	O
adenovirus	B-DISO
(	O
ADV	O
),	O
enterovirus	B-SPEC
(	O
EV	O
),	O
human	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
(	O
HCOV	O
),	O
human	B-SPEC
metapneumovirus	I-SPEC
(	O
HMPV	B-SPEC
)	O
and	O
human	B-SPEC
bocavirus	I-SPEC
(	O
HBOV	O
).	O

Among	O
virus	B-SPEC
-	O
positive	O
dogs	B-SPEC
,	O
dogs	B-SPEC
with	O
parvovirus	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
were	O
significantly	O
younger	O
when	O
compared	O
to	O
dogs	B-SPEC
infected	O
with	O
other	O
enteric	O
viruses	B-SPEC
.	O

Parvovirus	B-DISO
-	O
infected	O
patients	O
also	O
showed	O
significantly	O
lower	O
leukocyte	B-ANAT
and	O
erythrocyte	B-ANAT
counts	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
hematocrit	O
,	O
total	O
protein	B-CHED
,	O
and	O
albumin	B-PRGE
levels	O
compared	O
to	O
all	O
other	O
groups	O
.	O

Young	O
dogs	B-SPEC
are	O
more	O
likely	O
to	O
suffer	B-DISO
from	O
viral	B-DISO
enteritis	I-DISO
.	O

As	O
an	O
effective	O
measure	O
of	O
respiratory	O
supports	O
,	O
ECMO	O
may	O
provide	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
rest	B-FUNC
and	O
improve	O
gas	B-ENZY
exchanges	O
in	O
severe	O
ARDS	B-DISO
induced	O
by	O
novel	B-DISO
H1N1	I-DISO
Influenza	I-DISO
.	O

Respiratory	B-ANAT
samples	I-ANAT
from	O
3	O
,	O
525	O
patients	O
with	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
,	O
cerebrospinal	B-ANAT
fluid	I-ANAT
(	O
CSF	B-ANAT
)	O
from	O
340	O
patients	O
with	O
neurologic	O
syndrome	B-DISO
as	O
well	O
as	O
CSF	B-ANAT
and	O
plasma	B-ANAT
samples	O
from	O
five	O
neonatal	O
patients	O
with	O
sepsis	B-DISO
-	O
like	O
illness	O
collected	O
from	O
October	O
2008	O
to	O
2010	O
were	O
tested	O
retrospectively	O
using	O
HPeV	O
-	O
specific	O
real	O
-	O
time	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
A	O
novel	O
,	O
stable	O
and	O
reproducible	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
model	O
induced	O
by	O
oleic	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
in	O
immature	O
piglet	O
.	O

A	O
good	O
ALI	O
model	O
will	O
help	O
us	O
to	O
gain	O
a	O
better	O
understanding	O
of	O
the	O
real	O
pathophysiological	O
picture	O
and	O
to	O
evaluate	O
novel	O
treatment	O
approaches	O
to	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
more	O
accurately	O
and	O
liberally	O
.	O

Mean	O
blood	B-PROC
pressure	I-PROC
,	O
heart	B-ANAT
rate	O
(	O
HR	O
),	O
cardiac	B-ANAT
output	O
(	O
CO	O
),	O
central	O
venous	B-PROC
pressure	I-PROC
(	O
CVP	O
)	O
and	O
left	O
atrial	B-ANAT
pressure	O
(	O
LAP	B-DISO
)	O
were	O
sharply	O
decreased	O
after	O
oleic	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
given	O
,	O
while	O
the	O
mean	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
arterial	B-PROC
pressure	I-PROC
(	O
MPAP	O
)	O
was	O
increased	O
in	O
comparison	O
with	O
baseline	O
(	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
).	O

The	O
lung	B-ANAT
histology	O
showed	O
severe	O
inflammation	B-DISO
,	O
hyaline	B-DISO
membranes	B-ANAT
,	O
intra	O
-	O
alveolar	B-ANAT
and	O
interstitial	B-ANAT
hemorrhage	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
virus	B-SPEC
mainly	O
infects	O
respiratory	B-ANAT
epithelium	I-ANAT
,	O
but	O
can	O
be	O
also	O
detected	O
in	O
other	O
organs	B-ANAT
.	O

Recently	O
,	O
it	O
has	O
been	O
shown	O
that	O
the	O
C	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
type	I-PRGE
lectins	I-PRGE
DC	I-PRGE
-	O
SIGN	O
/	O
L	O
-	O
SIGN	O
can	O
promote	O
entry	O
of	O
several	O
coronaviruses	O
.	O

Our	O
findings	O
demonstrated	O
that	O
even	O
in	O
the	O
absence	O
of	O
avian	O
-	O
specific	O
receptor	O
,	O
DC	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
SIGN	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
like	I-PRGE
lectins	I-PRGE
are	O
capable	O
of	O
mediating	O
efficient	O
IBV	B-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
.	O

An	O
online	O
questionnaire	O
was	O
designed	O
and	O
electronically	O
distributed	O
to	O
the	O
staff	O
of	O
a	O
teaching	O
medical	O
institution	O
in	O
the	O
United	O
Kingdom	B-SPEC
.	O

METHODS	O
:	O
An	O
online	O
questionnaire	O
was	O
designed	O
and	O
electronically	O
distributed	O
to	O
the	O
staff	O
of	O
a	O
teaching	O
medical	O
institution	O
in	O
the	O
United	O
Kingdom	B-SPEC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Increasing	O
concerns	O
about	O
the	O
spread	O
of	O
airborne	O
pathogens	O
such	O
as	O
severe	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
and	O
novel	O
swine	B-SPEC
-	O
origin	O
influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
(	O
H1N1	O
)	O
have	O
attracted	O
public	O
attention	O
to	O
bioaerosols	O
and	O
protection	O
against	O
them	O
.	O

The	O
airborne	O
pathogens	O
are	O
likely	O
to	O
be	O
expelled	O
from	O
coughing	B-DISO
or	O
speaking	O
,	O
so	O
the	O
physical	O
data	O
of	O
the	O
exhaled	B-PROC
particles	O
plays	O
a	O
key	O
role	O
in	O
analyzing	O
the	O
pathway	B-PROC
of	O
airborne	O
viruses	B-SPEC
.	O

The	O
objective	O
of	O
this	O
study	O
was	O
to	O
analyze	O
the	O
initial	O
velocity	O
and	O
the	O
angle	O
of	O
the	O
exhaled	B-PROC
airflow	B-PROC
from	O
coughing	B-DISO
and	O
speaking	O
of	O
17	O
males	O
and	O
9	O
females	O
using	O
Particle	O
Image	O
Velocimetry	O
(	O
PIV	O
)	O
and	O
acrylic	O
indoor	O
chamber	B-ANAT
.	O

The	O
results	O
showed	O
that	O
the	O
average	O
initial	O
coughing	B-DISO
velocity	O
was	O
15	O
.	O
3	O
m	O
/	O
s	O
for	O
the	O
males	O
and	O
10	O
.	O
6	O
m	O
/	O
s	O
for	O
the	O
females	O
,	O
while	O
the	O
average	O
initial	O
speaking	O
velocity	O
was	O
4	O
.	O
07	O
m	O
/	O
s	O
and	O
2	O
.	O
31	O
m	O
/	O
s	O
respectively	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Positive	O
-	O
strand	O
RNA	O
virus	B-SPEC
genomes	O
are	O
translated	O
into	O
polyproteins	O
that	O
are	O
processed	O
by	O
viral	O
proteases	O
to	O
yield	O
functional	O
intermediate	O
and	O
mature	O
proteins	B-CHED
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Primary	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
limits	O
replication	O
but	O
not	O
lung	B-ANAT
inflammation	I-DISO
upon	O
homologous	O
rechallenge	O
.	O

We	O
previously	O
reported	O
that	O
synthetic	O
θ	O
-	O
defensins	B-PATH
called	O
retrocyclins	O
can	O
neutralize	O
and	O
aggregate	O
various	O
strains	O
of	O
IAV	O
and	O
increase	O
IAV	O
uptake	O
by	O
neutrophils	B-ANAT
.	O

The	O
novel	O
peptides	B-CHED
also	O
allowed	O
for	O
systemic	O
substitution	O
of	O
key	O
residues	O
to	O
evaluate	O
the	O
role	O
of	O
charge	O
or	O
hydrophobicity	O
on	O
antiviral	B-CHED
activity	O
.	O

The	O
new	O
peptides	B-CHED
acted	O
at	O
an	O
early	O
phase	O
of	O
viral	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
,	O
and	O
,	O
when	O
combined	O
with	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
surfactant	B-CHED
protein	B-CHED
D	O
,	O
their	O
antiviral	B-CHED
effects	O
were	O
additive	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Spectrum	O
of	O
Guillain	O
-	O
Barré	O
syndrome	B-DISO
in	O
tertiary	O
care	O
hospital	O
at	O
Kolkata	O
.	O

This	O
was	O
a	O
retrospective	O
analysis	O
of	O
139	O
children	O
with	O
severe	O
GBS	B-DISO
admitted	O
to	O
our	O
respiratory	O
care	O
unit	O
managed	O
with	O
the	O
IVIg	O
as	O
an	O
adjunct	O
intervention	O
to	O
conventional	O
supportive	O
and	O
respiratory	O
care	O
.	O

In	O
our	O
case	O
series	O
of	O
139	O
cases	O
,	O
motor	O
weakness	B-DISO
was	O
the	O
most	O
common	O
presenting	O
feature	O
.	O

On	O
admission	O
,	O
a	O
majority	O
(	O
61	O
.	O
54	O
%)	O
were	O
in	O
Hughes	O
neurological	B-DISO
disability	I-DISO
grading	O
stage	O
V	O
;	O
all	O
had	O
limb	B-DISO
weakness	I-DISO
at	O
the	O
peak	O
deficit	B-DISO
,	O
autonomic	B-ANAT
disturbance	O
was	O
seen	O
in	O
35	O
.	O
8	O
%,	O
and	O
bulbar	B-DISO
palsy	I-DISO
in	O
52	O
%.	O

Although	O
IVIg	O
may	O
be	O
useful	O
in	O
the	O
treatment	O
of	O
GBS	B-DISO
,	O
the	O
key	O
issue	O
is	O
excellent	O
intensive	O
care	O
unit	O
management	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
In	O
our	O
case	O
series	O
of	O
139	O
cases	O
,	O
motor	O
weakness	B-DISO
was	O
the	O
most	O
common	O
presenting	O
feature	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
ARDS	B-DISO
remains	O
a	O
lethal	O
complication	O
after	O
major	O
lung	B-ANAT
resections	O
.	O

The	O
detection	O
specificity	O
of	O
the	O
new	O
assay	O
was	O
proven	O
by	O
positive	O
amplification	B-DISO
from	O
a	O
set	O
of	O
nine	O
different	O
FCoV	O
strains	O
and	O
negative	O
from	O
the	O
tested	O
non	O
-	O
coronaviral	O
targets	O
.	O

Examination	O
of	O
faecal	B-ANAT
samples	O
of	O
healthy	O
young	O
cats	B-SPEC
,	O
organ	B-ANAT
samples	O
of	O
perished	O
animals	B-SPEC
,	O
which	O
suffered	B-DISO
from	O
feline	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
peritonitis	I-DISO
,	O
and	O
cat	B-SPEC
leukocytes	B-ANAT
from	O
uncertain	O
clinical	O
cases	O
were	O
also	O
subjected	O
to	O
the	O
assay	O
.	O

GCG	B-PRGE
showed	O
a	O
competitive	B-PROC
inhibition	I-PROC
pattern	O
with	O
K	O
(	O
i	O
)	O
value	O
of	O
25	O
±	O
1	O
.	O
7	O
μM	O
.	O
In	O
molecular	O
docking	O
experiments	O
,	O
GCG	B-PRGE
displayed	O
a	O
binding	B-FUNC
energy	O
of	O
-	O
14	O
kcal	O
mol	O
(-	O
1	O
)	O
to	O
the	O
active	O
site	O
of	O
3CL	O
(	O
pro	B-CHED
)	O
and	O
the	O
galloyl	O
moiety	O
at	O
3	O
-	O
OH	O
position	O
was	O
required	O
for	O
3CL	O
(	O
pro	B-CHED
)	O
inhibition	B-PROC
activity	O
.	O

ECMO	O
by	O
itself	O
did	O
not	O
impact	O
on	O
the	O
pharmacokinetics	B-PROC
of	O
OC	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
OC	O
Cmax	O
(	O
1029	O
±	O
478	O
ng	O
/	O
mL	O
)	O
and	O
area	O
under	O
the	O
curve	O
(	O
9	O
.	O
00	O
±	O
4	O
.	O
52	O
mcg	O
·	O
h	O
/	O
mL	O
)	O
for	O
patients	O
on	O
ECMO	O
with	O
preserved	O
renal	B-PROC
function	I-PROC
were	O
comparable	O
with	O
those	O
of	O
healthy	O
volunteers	O
or	O
noncritically	O
ill	B-DISO
patients	O
.	O

The	O
sequence	O
data	O
indicate	O
that	O
this	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
variant	O
prevails	O
in	O
China	O
.	O

The	O
pDNA	O
loaded	O
biotinylated	O
chitosan	B-CHED
nanoparticles	B-CHED
were	O
targeted	B-PROC
with	O
bifunctional	O
fusion	O
protein	B-CHED
(	O
bfFp	O
)	O
vector	O
for	O
achieving	O
DC	O
selective	O
targeting	O
.	O

The	O
overall	O
infectious	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
burden	O
experienced	O
a	O
dramatic	O
drop	O
during	O
1975	O
-	O
1995	O
,	O
but	O
since	O
then	O
,	O
it	O
reverted	O
and	O
maintained	O
a	O
gradual	O
upward	O
trend	O
to	O
date	O
.	O

Tuberculosis	B-PATH
,	O
as	O
a	O
bacterial	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
,	O
has	O
re	O
-	O
emerged	O
since	O
the	O
1990s	O
and	O
has	O
become	O
prevalent	O
in	O
the	O
country	O
.	O

Together	O
human	B-DISO
immunodeficiency	I-DISO
virus	I-DISO
(	O
HIV	B-DISO
),	O
they	O
account	O
for	O
39	O
%	O
of	O
all	O
death	B-PROC
cases	O
due	O
to	O
infectious	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
in	O
China	O
in	O
2008	O
.	O

The	O
drugs	O
are	O
at	O
present	O
applicable	O
all	O
over	O
the	O
world	O
in	O
retrovirus	B-SPEC
therapy	O
of	O
HIV	B-DISO
infected	O
subjects	O
.	O

The	O
search	O
for	O
efficient	O
Russian	O
unspecific	O
medicines	O
for	O
control	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
is	O
actual	O
.	O

The	O
new	O
viruses	B-SPEC
cause	O
respiratory	O
illnesses	O
such	O
as	O
common	O
cold	O
,	O
bronchitis	B-DISO
,	O
bronchiolitis	B-DISO
,	O
exacerbations	O
of	O
asthma	B-PATH
and	O
chronic	B-DISO
obstructive	I-DISO
pulmonary	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
and	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
.	O

Rarely	O
,	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
may	O
occur	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Treatment	O
of	O
sepsis	B-DISO
and	O
ARDS	B-DISO
with	O
extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenation	B-PROC
and	O
interventional	O
lung	B-ANAT
assist	O
membrane	B-COMP
ventilator	O
in	O
a	O
patient	O
with	O
acute	B-DISO
lymphoblastic	I-DISO
leukemia	I-DISO
.	O

Viral	O
proteins	B-CHED
target	O
highly	O
central	O
human	B-SPEC
proteins	B-CHED
,	O
which	O
are	O
precisely	O
the	O
Achilles	B-ANAT
'	O
heel	B-ANAT
of	O
the	O
human	B-SPEC
interactome	O
.	O

The	O
intrinsic	O
structural	O
disorder	O
is	O
a	O
distinctive	O
feature	O
of	O
viral	O
hubs	O
in	O
virus	B-SPEC
-	O
host	B-COMP
interactomes	O
.	O

Host	B-COMP
proteins	B-CHED
that	O
are	O
strongly	O
targeted	B-PROC
by	O
a	O
virus	B-SPEC
seem	O
to	O
be	O
particularly	O
attractive	O
for	O
other	O
viruses	B-SPEC
.	O

To	O
define	O
the	O
epidemiological	O
profile	O
and	O
the	O
clinical	O
characteristics	O
associated	O
with	O
HBoV	O
infection	B-DISO
in	O
a	O
population	O
of	O
children	O
hospitalized	O
with	O
respiratory	B-DISO
tract	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
.	O

Samples	O
were	O
tested	O
for	O
HBoV	O
by	O
PCR	O
amplifying	O
a	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
NS1	B-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
.	O

The	O
most	O
common	O
symptoms	O
were	O
fever	B-PROC
,	O
cough	B-DISO
and	O
various	O
degrees	O
of	O
respiratory	B-DISO
distress	I-DISO
.	O

All	O
children	O
were	O
clinically	O
diagnosed	O
as	O
having	O
lower	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
tract	I-DISO
infections	I-DISO
,	O
mainly	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
and	O
acute	B-DISO
laryngotracheobronchitis	I-DISO
,	O
and	O
recovered	O
uneventfully	O
.	O

MP	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
has	O
been	O
reported	O
in	O
10	O
to	O
40	O
%	O
of	O
cases	O
of	O
community	O
-	O
acquired	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
and	O
shows	O
an	O
even	O
higher	O
proportion	O
during	O
epidemics	O
.	O

MP	O
infection	B-DISO
is	O
usually	O
a	O
mild	O
and	O
self	O
-	O
limiting	O
disease	O
without	O
specific	O
treatment	O
,	O
and	O
if	O
needed	O
,	O
macrolides	B-CHED
are	O
generally	O
used	O
as	O
a	O
first	O
-	O
choice	O
drug	O
for	O
children	O
.	O

The	O
immunopathogenesis	O
of	O
MP	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
is	O
believed	O
to	O
be	O
a	O
hyperimmune	O
reaction	O
of	O
the	O
host	B-COMP
to	O
the	O
insults	O
from	O
MP	O
infection	B-DISO
,	O
including	O
cytokine	O
overproduction	O
and	O
immune	B-PROC
cell	I-PROC
activation	I-PROC
(	O
T	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
).	O

In	O
the	O
last	O
few	O
years	O
,	O
it	O
has	O
been	O
discovered	O
that	O
the	O
association	O
between	O
coronaviruses	O
and	O
bats	B-SPEC
is	O
a	O
worldwide	O
phenomenon	O
,	O
and	O
it	O
has	O
been	O
hypothesised	O
that	O
all	O
mammalian	B-SPEC
coronaviruses	O
were	O
derived	O
from	O
ancestral	O
viruses	B-SPEC
residing	O
in	O
bats	B-SPEC
.	O

The	O
study	O
included	O
a	O
total	O
of	O
75	O
subjects	O
;	O
there	O
were	O
25	O
adult	O
patients	O
with	O
acute	O
severe	O
FM	O
and	O
ARF	B-DISO
,	O
25	O
adult	O
patients	O
with	O
uncomplicated	O
FM	O
without	O
ARF	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
25	O
age	O
-	O
and	O
sex	O
-	O
matched	O
healthy	O
subjects	O
who	O
served	O
as	O
controls	O
.	O

Sixty	O
percent	O
recovered	O
and	O
40	O
%	O
died	B-PROC
.	O

The	O
mean	O
serum	B-COMP
malondialdehyde	B-CHED
(	O
MDA	B-CHED
)	O
levels	O
were	O
0	O
.	O
82	O
±	O
0	O
.	O
43	O
μmol	O
/	O
L	O
,	O
2	O
.	O
97	O
±	O
1	O
.	O
11	O
μmol	O
/	O
L	O
,	O
and	O
6	O
.	O
86	O
±	O
2	O
.	O
62	O
μmol	O
/	O
L	O
,	O
respectively	O
,	O
in	O
healthy	O
controls	O
,	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
uncomplicated	O
FM	O
,	O
and	O
in	O
those	O
with	O
severe	O
FM	O
with	O
ARF	O
.	O

Also	O
,	O
we	O
observed	O
a	O
high	O
occurrence	O
of	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
and	O
central	B-ANAT
nervous	I-ANAT
system	I-ANAT
involvement	O
among	O
the	O
patients	O
who	O
expired	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
:	O
pathophysiology	O
and	O
therapeutic	O
options	O
.	O

Despite	O
intense	O
ongoing	O
research	O
on	O
the	O
pathophysiology	O
and	O
treatment	O
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
,	O
mortality	O
remains	O
high	O
.	O

Viral	O
culture	O
detected	O
only	O
one	O
case	O
of	O
RV	O
infection	B-DISO
,	O
while	O
multiplex	O
PCR	O
detected	O
eight	O
,	O
suggesting	O
that	O
screening	O
of	O
respiratory	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
using	O
multiplex	O
PCR	O
is	O
better	O
than	O
the	O
conventional	O
culture	O
method	O
.	O

Ten	O
adult	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
ARDS	B-DISO
secondary	O
to	O
H1N1	O
infection	B-DISO
(	O
Pao	B-PROC
(	O
2	O
)/	O
fraction	O
of	O
inspired	B-PROC
oxygen	B-CHED
,	O
69	O
mm	O
Hg	O
[	O
56	O
-	O
84	O
];	O
Murray	O
score	O
,	O
3	O
.	O
5	O
[	O
3	O
.	O
5	O
-	O
3	O
.	O
8	O
])	O
were	O
included	O
,	O
and	O
60	O
%	O
survived	O
to	O
hospital	O
discharge	B-ANAT
.	O

Six	O
patients	O
were	O
treated	O
during	O
the	O
first	O
postpandemic	O
influenza	B-DISO
season	O
.	O

Viral	O
pathogens	O
were	O
detected	O
in	O
52	O
.	O
88	O
%	O
(	O
220	O
/	O
416	O
)	O
of	O
patient	O
samples	O
,	O
and	O
7	O
.	O
21	O
%	O
(	O
30	O
/	O
416	O
)	O
of	O
patients	O
tested	O
positive	O
for	O
more	O
than	O
one	O
virus	B-SPEC
.	O

Further	O
observations	O
suggest	O
that	O
the	O
zinc	B-CHED
-	O
binding	B-FUNC
domain	O
may	O
start	O
to	O
unfold	O
during	O
the	O
first	O
transition	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Isolation	O
and	O
characterization	O
of	O
a	O
novel	O
Betacoronavirus	B-SPEC
subgroup	O
A	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
,	O
rabbit	B-SPEC
coronavirus	B-SPEC
HKU14	I-PRGE
,	O
from	O
domestic	B-SPEC
rabbits	I-SPEC
.	O

Phylogenetic	O
analysis	O
showed	O
that	O
RbCoV	O
HKU14	O
formed	O
a	O
distinct	O
branch	B-ANAT
among	O
Betacoronavirus	B-SPEC
subgroup	O
A	O
coronaviruses	O
,	O
being	O
most	O
closely	O
related	O
to	O
but	O
separate	O
from	O
the	O
species	B-SPEC
Betacoronavirus	B-SPEC
1	I-SPEC
.	O

Younger	O
cats	B-SPEC
were	O
significantly	O
over	O
-	O
represented	O
among	O
FIP	B-DISO
cases	O
.	O

This	O
opens	O
further	O
avenues	O
to	O
investigate	O
the	O
role	O
of	O
genetic	O
factors	O
in	O
FIP	B-DISO
.	O

Deoxynivalenol	O
(	O
DON	O
)	O
is	O
known	O
to	O
modulate	O
immune	B-PROC
function	I-PROC
,	O
but	O
only	O
a	O
few	O
studies	O
have	O
investigated	O
the	O
effect	O
of	O
DON	O
on	O
the	O
vaccinal	O
immune	B-PROC
response	I-PROC
.	O

The	O
feeding	O
of	O
contaminated	O
diets	O
altered	O
the	O
immune	B-PROC
response	I-PROC
in	O
broilers	O
by	O
reducing	O
the	O
total	O
lymphocyte	B-ANAT
count	O
.	O

It	O
was	O
concluded	O
that	O
broiler	O
performance	O
and	O
some	O
blood	B-ANAT
and	O
immunological	O
parameters	O
were	O
adversely	O
affected	O
by	O
feeding	O
diets	O
contaminated	O
with	O
the	O
Fusarium	B-SPEC
mycotoxin	B-CHED
DON	O
.	O

When	O
left	O
untreated	O
,	O
the	O
mortality	O
rate	O
for	O
scrub	B-DISO
typhus	I-DISO
will	O
be	O
increased	O
.	O

In	O
contrast	O
,	O
all	O
80	O
fecal	B-ANAT
samples	O
lacking	O
the	O
five	O
target	O
viruses	B-SPEC
from	O
normal	O
adult	O
cattle	B-SPEC
were	O
negative	O
in	O
the	O
multiplex	O
assay	O
.	O

We	O
analyzed	O
in	O
this	O
study	O
the	O
impact	O
of	O
Tregs	O
on	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
acute	O
viral	O
encephalomyelitis	B-DISO
,	O
T	B-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
-	O
mediated	O
antiviral	B-CHED
protection	O
,	O
and	O
prevention	O
of	O
CNS	B-CHED
autoimmunity	B-DISO
following	O
intranasal	O
infection	B-DISO
with	O
the	O
gliatropic	O
mouse	B-DISO
hepatitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
strain	O
A59	O
.	O

Dissection	O
of	O
the	O
underlying	O
immunopathological	O
mechanisms	O
revealed	O
the	O
elaborate	O
Treg	O
-	O
dependent	O
regulation	B-PROC
of	O
self	O
-	O
reactive	O
CD4	B-PRGE
(+)	O
T	B-PROC
cell	I-PROC
proliferation	B-DISO
within	O
the	O
CNS	B-CHED
-	O
draining	O
lymph	B-ANAT
node	I-ANAT
and	O
downtuning	O
of	O
CXCR3	B-PRGE
expression	B-PROC
on	O
T	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Barth	B-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
in	O
a	O
female	O
patient	O
.	O

We	O
report	O
the	O
first	O
case	O
of	O
BTHS	B-DISO
confirmed	O
by	O
TAZ	B-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
analysis	O
in	O
a	O
female	O
patient	O
.	O

This	O
case	O
highlights	O
that	O
the	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
BTHS	B-DISO
should	O
also	O
be	O
suspected	O
in	O
female	O
patients	O
presenting	O
a	O
phenotype	O
similar	O
to	O
affected	O
boys	O
.	O

A	O
preliminary	O
structure	O
-	O
activity	O
relationship	O
study	O
(	O
SARs	B-DISO
)	O
revealed	O
the	O
necessity	O
of	O
the	O
biflavonoid	B-CHED
skeleton	B-ANAT
,	O
the	O
influence	O
of	O
number	O
and	O
position	O
of	O
methoxylations	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
importance	O
of	O
a	O
free	O
rotation	O
of	O
the	O
linkage	B-PROC
between	O
the	O
two	O
apigenin	B-CHED
monomers	O
of	O
the	O
biflavonoids	B-CHED
.	O

(	O
i	O
)	O
To	O
elucidate	O
the	O
clinical	O
aspects	O
of	O
alveolar	B-ANAT
hemorrhage	B-DISO
,	O
(	O
ii	O
)	O
to	O
develop	O
a	O
simple	O
diagnostic	O
algorithm	O
in	O
order	B-SPEC
to	O
separate	O
DAH	O
from	O
other	O
important	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
with	O
similar	O
clinical	O
picture	O
and	O
comparably	O
high	O
mortality	O
.	O

This	O
test	O
should	O
be	O
performed	O
in	O
all	O
patients	O
with	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
opacities	B-DISO
in	O
order	B-SPEC
to	O
separate	O
ARDS	B-DISO
/	O
ALI	O
from	O
DAH	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Doxycycline	B-CHED
treatment	O
attenuates	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
in	O
mice	B-SPEC
infected	O
with	O
virulent	O
influenza	B-DISO
H3N2	B-CHED
virus	B-SPEC
:	O
involvement	O
of	O
matrix	O
metalloproteinases	O
.	O

We	O
have	O
provided	O
evidence	O
for	O
the	O
involvement	O
of	O
recruited	O
neutrophils	B-ANAT
,	O
their	O
toxic	O
enzymes	O
such	O
as	O
myeloperoxidase	B-PRGE
and	O
matrix	O
metalloproteinases	O
(	O
MMPs	O
),	O
and	O
neutrophil	B-ANAT
extracellular	B-COMP
traps	B-DISO
in	O
aggravating	O
alveolar	B-ANAT
-	O
capillary	B-ANAT
damage	O
.	O

BALB	O
/	O
c	O
mice	B-SPEC
were	O
infected	O
with	O
a	O
sublethal	O
dose	O
of	O
mouse	B-SPEC
-	O
adapted	O
virulent	O
influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
/	O
Aichi	O
/	O
2	O
/	O
68	O
(	O
H3N2	B-CHED
)	O
virus	B-SPEC
,	O
and	O
administered	O
daily	O
with	O
20mg	O
/	O
kg	O
or	O
60	O
mg	O
/	O
kg	O
DOX	O
orally	B-ANAT
.	O

Twelve	O
patients	O
had	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
and	O
sepsis	B-DISO
with	O
progression	O
to	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
range	O
of	O
PaO	B-PROC
(	O
2	O
)/	O
FiO	O
(	O
2	O
)	O
was	O
42	O
-	O
69	O
.	O
9	O
,	O
alveolar	B-ANAT
-	O
arterial	B-ANAT
oxygen	B-CHED
gradient	O
(	O
AaDO	O
(	O
2	O
))	O
602	O
-	O
645	O
,	O
and	O
oxygenation	B-PROC
index	O
(	O
OI	O
)	O
27	O
.	O
4	O
-	O
68	O
.	O

These	O
results	O
suggest	O
that	O
multiple	O
cysteine	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
charged	O
residues	O
concurrently	O
improves	O
the	O
membrane	B-COMP
-	O
associated	O
functions	O
of	O
S	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
in	O
viral	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
and	O
cytopathogenesis	O
.	O

Feline	B-SPEC
leukemia	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
p27	O
antigen	O
was	O
detected	O
in	O
13	O
/	O
50	O
serum	B-COMP
/	O
lung	B-ANAT
tissue	I-ANAT
extract	O
samples	O
(	O
26	O
%),	O
canine	B-SPEC
distemper	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
antibodies	B-COMP
were	O
detected	O
in	O
2	O
/	O
26	O
serum	B-COMP
/	O
lung	B-ANAT
tissue	I-ANAT
extract	O
samples	O
(	O
7	O
.	O
7	O
%),	O
feline	B-SPEC
coronavirus	B-SPEC
RNA	O
was	O
present	O
in	O
6	O
/	O
29	O
stool	B-ANAT
samples	O
(	O
20	O
.	O
7	O
%)	O
and	O
feline	B-SPEC
parvovirus	I-SPEC
DNA	O
in	O
2	O
/	O
29	O
stool	B-ANAT
samples	O
(	O
6	O
.	O
9	O
%).	O

Canine	B-SPEC
distemper	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
RNA	O
was	O
not	O
detected	O
.	O

Postoperatively	O
she	O
had	O
respiratory	B-DISO
distress	I-DISO
,	O
successfully	O
treated	O
by	O
the	O
anesthetic	O
care	O
team	O
Causes	O
for	O
the	O
complication	B-DISO
are	O
discussed	O
.	O

After	O
hemorrhagic	B-DISO
shock	I-DISO
and	O
resuscitation	O
,	O
median	O
survival	O
time	O
in	O
obstetric	O
rabbits	O
(	O
3	O
days	O
)	O
was	O
significantly	O
shorter	O
(	O
p	O
<.	O
05	O
)	O
than	O
that	O
in	O
nonobstetric	O
rabbits	B-SPEC
(	O
5	O
days	O
).	O

The	O
mechanism	O
may	O
be	O
through	O
upregulation	B-PROC
of	O
the	O
signal	B-PROC
transductions	I-PROC
of	O
the	O
nuclear	O
factor	O
-	O
κB	O
pathways	B-PROC
.	O

Given	O
the	O
genetic	O
diversity	O
of	O
respiratory	O
viruses	B-SPEC
and	O
the	O
emergence	O
of	O
drug	O
resistant	O
strains	O
,	O
the	O
targeted	B-PROC
disruption	O
of	O
human	B-SPEC
host	B-COMP
-	O
virus	B-SPEC
interactions	O
is	O
a	O
potential	O
therapeutic	O
strategy	O
for	O
treating	O
multi	O
-	O
viral	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
.	O

Our	O
study	O
suggests	O
that	O
multiple	O
and	O
diverse	O
respiratory	O
viruses	B-SPEC
invoke	O
several	O
common	O
host	B-PROC
response	I-PROC
pathways	B-PROC
.	O

The	O
expression	B-PROC
of	O
KCTD9	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
was	O
mainly	O
evidenced	O
in	O
infiltrative	O
mononuclear	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
of	O
liver	B-ANAT
as	O
shown	O
by	O
immunohistochemistry	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Cystic	O
lymphangioma	O
is	O
a	O
rare	O
lesion	O
of	O
the	O
mediastinum	B-ANAT
.	O

We	O
present	O
a	O
patient	O
with	O
an	O
antenatally	O
detected	O
mediastinal	B-ANAT
mass	O
that	O
appeared	O
to	O
regress	O
during	O
foetal	O
life	O
and	O
was	O
not	O
demonstrated	O
on	O
early	O
postnatal	O
imaging	O
.	O

Acute	O
severe	O
respiratory	B-DISO
distress	I-DISO
at	O
two	O
months	O
of	O
age	O
precipitated	O
surgery	O
with	O
subsequent	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
lymphangioma	B-DISO
.	O

Compared	O
with	O
256	O
patients	O
without	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
,	O
these	O
195	O
patients	O
with	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
were	O
more	O
likely	O
to	O
be	O
admitted	O
to	O
the	O
intensive	O
care	O
unit	O
(	O
52	O
%	O
vs	O
16	O
%),	O
have	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
;	O
26	O
%	O
vs	O
2	O
%),	O
have	O
sepsis	B-DISO
(	O
18	O
%	O
vs	O
3	O
%),	O
and	O
die	O
(	O
17	O
%	O
vs	O
2	O
%;	O
P	O
<	O
.	O
0001	O
).	O

One	O
hundred	O
eighteen	O
(	O
61	O
%)	O
of	O
the	O
patients	O
with	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
had	O
≥	O
1	O
underlying	O
condition	B-DISO
.	O

In	O
the	O
absence	O
of	O
accurate	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
diagnostics	O
,	O
patients	O
hospitalized	O
with	O
suspected	O
influenza	B-DISO
and	O
lung	B-ANAT
infiltrates	B-DISO
on	O
chest	B-ANAT
radiography	O
should	O
receive	O
early	O
and	O
aggressive	B-DISO
treatment	O
with	O
antibiotics	B-CHED
and	O
influenza	B-DISO
antiviral	B-CHED
agents	I-CHED
.	O

Patients	O
with	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
,	O
when	O
compared	O
with	O
patients	O
without	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
,	O
were	O
equally	O
likely	O
to	O
receive	O
influenza	B-DISO
antiviral	B-CHED
agents	I-CHED
(	O
78	O
%	O
vs	O
79	O
%)	O
but	O
less	O
likely	O
to	O
receive	O
antiviral	B-CHED
agents	I-CHED
within	O
≤	O
2	O
days	O
of	O
illness	O
onset	O
(	O
28	O
%	O
vs	O
50	O
%;	O
P	O
<	O
.	O
0001	O
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Prolonged	O
use	O
of	O
extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenation	B-PROC
combined	O
with	O
prone	O
positioning	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
distress	O
syndrome	O
and	O
invasive	B-DISO
Aspergillosis	I-DISO
.	O

Early	O
in	O
infection	B-DISO
,	O
nascent	O
viral	O
RNA	O
and	O
nsp	O
'	O
s	O
colocalized	O
with	O
or	O
occurred	O
adjacent	O
to	O
dsRNA	B-CHED
foci	O
.	O

Here	O
we	O
show	O
that	O
signatures	O
of	O
recurrent	O
positive	O
selection	O
in	O
the	O
bat	B-PRGE
ACE2	I-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
map	O
almost	O
perfectly	O
to	O
known	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
interaction	O
surfaces	O
.	O

Both	O
viruses	B-SPEC
showed	O
similar	O
replication	O
kinetics	O
in	O
established	O
cell	B-ANAT
lines	I-ANAT
.	O

Although	O
the	O
horizontal	O
propagation	O
of	O
viruses	B-SPEC
feeds	O
the	O
continuous	O
emergence	O
of	O
novel	O
pathogenic	O
viruses	B-SPEC
,	O
the	O
genetic	O
variation	O
of	O
cellular	B-COMP
receptors	O
can	O
represent	O
a	O
challenging	O
barrier	O
.	O

So	O
the	O
question	O
'	O
Are	O
bats	B-SPEC
different	O
,	O
special	O
or	O
exceptional	O
?'	O
has	O
become	O
a	O
focal	O
point	O
in	O
the	O
field	O
of	O
virology	O
,	O
bat	B-ENZY
biology	O
and	O
virus	B-SPEC
-	O
host	B-COMP
co	O
-	O
evolution	B-PROC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Comparison	O
of	O
three	O
diagnostic	O
techniques	O
for	O
detection	O
of	O
rotavirus	B-SPEC
and	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
in	O
calf	B-ANAT
faeces	O
in	O
Australia	O
.	O

A	O
subset	O
of	O
samples	O
was	O
screened	O
using	O
qRT	O
-	O
PCR	O
,	O
ELISA	O
and	O
a	O
commercial	O
LAT	B-ENZY
dipstick	O
(	O
132	O
faecal	B-ANAT
samples	O
were	O
tested	O
for	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
and	O
122	O
samples	O
for	O
rotavirus	B-SPEC
).	O

There	O
was	O
also	O
poor	O
agreement	O
between	O
the	O
LAT	B-PRGE
and	O
qRT	O
-	O
PCR	O
assays	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Of	O
the	O
586	O
samples	O
tested	O
,	O
131	O
(	O
22	O
.	O
39	O
%)	O
and	O
468	O
(	O
79	O
.	O
86	O
%)	O
were	O
positive	O
for	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
and	O
group	B-SPEC
A	I-SPEC
rotavirus	I-SPEC
,	O
respectively	O
,	O
using	O
qRT	O
-	O
PCR	O
.	O

The	O
resultant	O
antibodies	B-COMP
had	O
a	O
higher	O
titer	O
than	O
antibodies	B-COMP
produced	O
in	O
response	O
to	O
native	O
virus	B-SPEC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Olig1	B-PRGE
function	O
is	O
required	O
for	O
remyelination	B-PROC
potential	O
of	O
transplanted	B-ANAT
neural	O
progenitor	B-ANAT
cells	B-COMP
in	O
a	O
model	O
of	O
viral	O
-	O
induced	O
demyelination	B-DISO
.	O

We	O
have	O
previously	O
shown	O
that	O
transplantation	O
of	O
neural	O
progenitor	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
(	O
NPCs	O
)	O
into	O
mice	B-SPEC
persistently	O
infected	O
with	O
the	O
JHM	O
strain	O
of	O
mouse	B-DISO
hepatitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
JHMV	O
)	O
results	O
in	O
enhanced	O
differentiation	B-PROC
into	O
oligodendrocyte	B-ANAT
progenitor	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
(	O
OPCs	O
)	O
that	O
is	O
associated	O
with	O
remyelination	B-PROC
and	O
axonal	O
sparing	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
only	O
recipients	O
of	O
wild	O
type	O
NPCs	O
exhibited	O
extensive	O
remyelination	B-PROC
compared	O
to	O
mice	B-SPEC
receiving	O
Olig1	O
-/-	O
NPCs	O
.	O

In	O
vivo	O
characterization	O
of	O
NPCs	O
revealed	O
that	O
Olig1	B-PRGE
+/+	I-PRGE
NPCs	I-PRGE
preferentially	O
differentiated	B-PROC
into	O
NG2	O
-	O
positive	O
OPCs	O
and	O
formed	O
processes	O
expressing	O
myelin	B-PRGE
basic	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
that	O
encircled	O
axons	B-COMP
.	O

In	O
contrast	O
,	O
the	O
majority	O
of	O
transplanted	B-ANAT
Olig1	B-PRGE
-/-	O
NPCs	O
differentiated	B-PROC
into	O
GFAP	O
-	O
positive	O
cells	B-COMP
consistent	O
with	O
the	O
astrocyte	B-ANAT
lineage	O
.	O

Clinical	O
usefulness	O
of	O
ECMO	O
was	O
documented	O
in	O
many	O
cases	O
of	O
severe	O
ARDS	B-DISO
secondary	O
to	O
influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
(	O
H1N1	O
)	O
2009	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

Five	O
other	O
patients	O
developed	O
late	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
after	O
24	O
hours	O
of	O
ingestion	O
,	O
and	O
all	O
of	O
them	O
showed	O
progressive	O
RNS	B-DISO
changes	O
indicating	O
severe	O
IMS	O
prior	O
to	O
intubation	O
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
The	O
normal	O
RNS	B-DISO
in	O
all	O
patients	O
developing	O
early	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
suggests	O
that	O
it	O
is	O
due	O
to	O
a	O
central	B-ANAT
nervous	I-ANAT
system	I-ANAT
(	O
CNS	B-CHED
)	O
and	O
muscarinic	O
effect	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
The	O
differential	O
clinical	O
impact	O
of	O
human	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
species	B-SPEC
in	O
children	O
with	O
cystic	B-DISO
fibrosis	I-DISO
.	O

Samples	O
positive	O
for	O
HCoV	O
were	O
submitted	O
for	O
nucleotide	B-CHED
sequencing	O
to	O
determine	O
the	O
species	B-SPEC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
is	O
a	O
common	O
complication	B-DISO
in	O
severe	B-DISO
sepsis	I-DISO
.	O

The	O
authors	O
propose	O
that	O
increasing	O
the	O
concentration	O
of	O
the	O
inoculum	O
without	O
changing	O
the	O
bacterial	O
dose	O
will	O
lead	O
to	O
severe	B-DISO
sepsis	I-DISO
with	O
pronounced	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
lesions	O
.	O

Since	O
no	O
correlation	O
was	O
observed	O
between	O
local	O
and	O
systemic	O
levels	O
of	O
inflammatory	O
cytokines	O
,	O
this	O
finding	O
could	O
indicate	O
an	O
ability	O
of	O
the	O
porcine	B-SPEC
lung	B-ANAT
to	O
compartmentalize	O
the	O
local	O
inflammatory	B-DISO
response	I-DISO
and	O
thus	O
restrict	O
systemic	O
contribution	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Synthesis	B-PROC
,	O
structure	O
-	O
activity	O
relationships	O
and	O
biological	O
evaluation	O
of	O
caudatin	O
derivatives	O
as	O
novel	O
anti	O
-	O
hepatitis	O
B	O
virus	O
agents	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Effect	O
of	O
anti	B-CHED
-	I-CHED
inflammatory	I-CHED
drugs	I-CHED
on	O
colibacillosis	B-DISO
lesions	O
in	O
broilers	O
after	O
Infectious	B-DISO
Bronchitis	B-DISO
Virus	B-SPEC
and	O
subsequent	O
Escherichia	B-DISO
coli	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
.	O

To	O
assess	O
the	O
effect	O
of	O
anti	B-CHED
-	I-CHED
inflammatory	I-CHED
drugs	I-CHED
on	O
lesions	O
due	O
to	O
colibacillosis	B-DISO
.	O

Broilers	O
of	O
four	O
groups	O
were	O
treated	O
from	O
day	O
28	O
up	O
to	O
and	O
including	O
day	O
39	O
orally	B-ANAT
on	O
a	O
daily	O
basis	O
with	O
either	O
carbasalate	O
calcium	B-CHED
(	O
4	O
×	O
12	O
.	O
5	O
mg	O
),	O
meloxicam	O
(	O
2	O
×	O
0	O
.	O
5	O
mg	O
),	O
acetaminophen	B-CHED
(	O
4	O
×	O
2	O
.	O
5	O
mg	O
),	O
or	O
dexamethasone	B-CHED
(	O
1	O
×	O
1	O
.	O
0	O
mg	O
).	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
All	O
broilers	O
in	O
the	O
dexamethasone	B-CHED
group	O
died	B-PROC
.	O

Vitamin	B-CHED
D	I-CHED
levels	O
were	O
associated	O
with	O
pulmonary	B-PROC
function	I-PROC
(	O
forced	B-PROC
expiratory	I-PROC
volume	I-PROC
in	O
1	O
second	O
[	O
FEV	B-SPEC
(	O
1	O
)]),	O
but	O
not	O
associated	O
with	O
either	O
rates	O
of	O
acute	B-DISO
pain	I-DISO
or	O
acute	B-DISO
chest	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
episodes	O
.	O

Further	O
studies	O
are	O
needed	O
to	O
be	O
able	O
to	O
compare	O
outcomes	O
in	O
those	O
with	O
deficiency	O
to	O
those	O
with	O
sufficiency	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
to	O
treating	O
patients	O
with	O
SCA	B-ANAT
with	O
vitamin	B-CHED
D	I-CHED
to	O
better	O
establish	O
a	O
possible	O
link	O
,	O
if	O
any	O
,	O
between	O
vitamin	B-CHED
D	I-CHED
and	O
SCA	B-ANAT
morbidity	O
.	O

To	O
investigate	O
single	O
-	O
chain	O
fragment	O
variable	O
(	O
scFv	O
)	O
repertoire	O
against	O
pAPN	O
,	O
the	O
genes	O
encoding	O
the	O
immunoglobulin	B-PRGE
light	I-PRGE
chain	I-PRGE
variable	I-PRGE
region	I-PRGE
(	O
VL	O
)	O
and	O
heavy	O
chain	O
variable	O
region	O
(	O
VH	O
)	O
were	O
amplified	O
by	O
reverse	O
transcript	O
polymerase	O
chain	O
reaction	O
(	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
)	O
using	O
a	O
series	O
of	O
degenerate	B-DISO
primers	O
from	O
the	O
spleen	B-ANAT
of	O
BABL	O
/	O
c	O
mice	B-SPEC
immunized	O
with	O
native	O
pAPN	O
.	O

The	O
effectiveness	O
of	O
the	O
scFv	O
library	O
against	O
pAPN	O
was	O
verified	O
further	O
by	O
phage	O
ELISA	O
using	O
the	O
recombinant	O
protein	B-CHED
of	O
the	O
pAPN	B-PRGE
C	I-PRGE
subunit	I-PRGE
as	I-PRGE
coating	I-PRGE
antigen	I-PRGE
.	O

Univariate	O
analysis	O
revealed	O
no	O
significant	O
pre	O
-	O
ECMO	O
risk	O
factor	O
for	O
treatment	O
failure	O
but	O
C	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
reactive	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
concentration	O
at	O
the	O
time	O
of	O
ECMO	O
differed	O
significantly	O
among	O
patients	O
who	O
did	O
versus	O
did	O
not	O
survive	O
after	O
ECMO	O
.	O

Histopathologically	O
,	O
lymphoid	B-ANAT
organs	I-ANAT
(	O
bursa	B-ANAT
of	I-ANAT
Fabricius	I-ANAT
,	O
spleen	B-ANAT
,	O
thymus	B-SPEC
,	O
caecal	O
tonsils	B-ANAT
and	O
Harderian	O
glands	B-ANAT
)	O
showed	O
moderate	O
to	O
severe	O
necrosis	B-PROC
(	O
lymphocytolysis	O
)	O
and	O
extensive	O
lymphocyte	B-ANAT
depletion	O
in	O
all	O
the	O
toxin	O
groups	O
(	O
T	O
-	O
2	O
and	O
T	O
-	O
2	B-SPEC
+	I-SPEC
IBV	I-SPEC
groups	O
)	O
where	O
the	O
severity	O
and	O
extent	O
of	O
the	O
lesions	O
were	O
more	O
in	O
T	O
-	O
2	B-SPEC
+	I-SPEC
IBV	I-SPEC
group	O
.	O

The	O
patient	O
decompensated	O
,	O
developing	O
intra	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
abdominal	I-DISO
hypertension	I-DISO
with	O
renal	B-ANAT
and	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Feline	B-SPEC
infectious	I-DISO
peritonitis	I-DISO
(	O
FIP	O
)	O
is	O
a	O
lethal	O
immunopathological	O
disease	O
caused	O
by	O
feline	B-SPEC
coronaviruses	O
(	O
FCoVs	O
).	O

Virus	B-SPEC
sequence	O
analyses	O
from	O
FIP	B-DISO
-	O
diseased	O
cats	B-SPEC
revealed	O
that	O
the	O
3c	B-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
stop	O
codon	O
of	O
strain	O
79	O
-	O
1146	O
has	O
changed	O
to	O
restore	O
a	O
full	O
-	O
length	O
open	O
reading	O
frame	O
(	O
ORF	O
).	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
type	B-PRGE
II	I-PRGE
transmembrane	I-PRGE
protease	I-PRGE
TMPRSS2	I-PRGE
activates	O
the	O
spike	O
(	O
S	O
)	O
protein	B-CHED
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
on	O
the	O
cell	B-COMP
surface	I-COMP
following	O
receptor	B-FUNC
binding	I-FUNC
during	O
viral	O
entry	O
into	O
cells	B-COMP
.	O

Simultaneous	O
treatment	O
of	O
the	O
cells	B-COMP
with	O
camostat	O
and	O
EST	O
[(	O
23	O
,	O
25	O
)	O
trans	O
-	O
epoxysuccinyl	O
-	O
L	O
-	O
leucylamindo	O
-	O
3	O
-	O
methylbutane	O
ethyl	B-CHED
ester	B-CHED
],	O
a	O
cathepsin	B-PRGE
inhibitor	B-CHED
,	O
efficiently	O
prevented	O
both	O
cell	O
entry	O
and	O
the	O
multistep	O
growth	B-PROC
of	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
in	O
human	B-SPEC
Calu	O
-	O
3	O
airway	B-ANAT
epithelial	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
.	O

Title	O
compounds	O
were	O
also	O
tested	O
against	O
RNA	O
viruses	B-SPEC
representative	O
of	O
other	O
single	O
-	O
stranded	O
,	O
positive	O
-	O
sense	B-PROC
(	O
ssRNA	O
(+))	O
negative	O
-	O
sense	B-PROC
(	O
RNA	O
(-)),	O
or	O
double	O
-	O
stranded	O
(	O
dsRNA	B-CHED
)	O
genomes	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
against	O
representatives	O
of	O
two	O
DNA	O
virus	B-SPEC
families	O
.	O

Interestingly	O
,	O
35	O
was	O
moderately	O
active	O
also	O
against	O
RSV	B-SPEC
(	O
EC	O
(	O
50	O
)	O
=	O
25	O
μM	O
).	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Shenzhen	O
,	O
a	O
city	O
located	O
on	O
the	O
border	B-ANAT
between	O
Mainland	O
China	O
and	O
Hong	O
Kong	O
,	O
is	O
populated	O
primarily	O
by	O
internal	O
Chinese	O
migrants	O
.	O

Apparent	O
farm	O
seroprevalence	O
rates	O
for	O
PPV	B-CHED
,	O
PCV2	O
and	O
Lawsonia	B-SPEC
intracellularis	I-SPEC
were	O
56	O
.	O
3	O
%	O
(	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
,	O
39	O
-	O
73	O
%),	O
21	O
.	O
9	O
%	O
(	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
,	O
8	O
-	O
36	O
%)	O
and	O
78	O
.	O
1	O
%	O
(	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
,	O
64	O
-	O
92	O
%),	O
respectively	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
possible	O
that	O
the	O
rearing	O
of	O
wild	B-SPEC
boars	I-SPEC
in	O
fenced	O
estates	O
may	O
predispose	O
them	O
to	O
particular	O
infections	B-DISO
,	O
as	O
reflected	O
in	O
higher	O
antibody	B-COMP
titres	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
mice	B-SPEC
that	O
were	O
vaccinated	O
twice	O
with	O
the	O
DNA	O
vaccine	O
and	O
boosted	O
with	O
the	O
IPV	B-DISO
could	O
mount	O
a	O
sufficient	O
neutralizing	O
antibody	B-PROC
response	I-PROC
against	O
live	O
PHE	B-CHED
-	O
CoV	O
,	O
with	O
little	O
variation	O
in	O
IgG1	B-COMP
and	O
IgG2a	B-COMP
levels	O
,	O
and	O
showed	O
high	O
levels	O
of	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
2	I-FUNC
and	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
4	I-FUNC
.	O

For	O
this	O
,	O
the	O
quality	O
of	O
stools	B-ANAT
was	O
evaluated	O
on	O
154	O
puppies	O
between	O
4	O
and	O
8	O
weeks	O
of	O
age	O
(	O
100	O
from	O
small	O
breeds	B-PROC
and	O
54	O
from	O
large	O
breeds	B-PROC
).	O

In	O
large	O
breeds	B-PROC
,	O
the	O
ADG	O
was	O
significantly	O
reduced	O
under	O
a	O
fecal	B-ANAT
score	O
of	O
5	O
whatever	O
the	O
age	O
of	O
the	O
puppy	O
.	O

Whereas	O
a	O
high	O
viral	O
load	O
of	O
canine	O
parvovirus	B-DISO
type	O
2	O
significantly	O
impacted	B-DISO
feces	B-ANAT
quality	O
,	O
no	O
effect	O
was	O
recorded	O
for	O
canine	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
.	O

This	O
study	O
provides	O
an	O
objective	O
threshold	O
for	O
evaluation	O
of	O
fecal	B-ANAT
quality	O
in	O
weaning	B-PROC
puppies	O
.	O

It	O
also	O
emphasizes	O
the	O
importance	O
to	O
be	O
given	O
to	O
age	O
and	O
breed	B-PROC
size	O
in	O
that	O
evaluation	O
.	O

This	O
prospective	O
epidemiologic	O
study	O
was	O
done	O
in	O
all	O
the	O
339	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
ARDS	B-DISO
included	O
in	O
a	O
multicenter	O
randomized	O
,	O
placebo	O
-	O
controlled	O
double	O
-	O
blind	B-DISO
trial	O
of	O
cisatracurium	B-CHED
besylate	I-CHED
in	O
severe	O
ARDS	B-DISO
patients	O
.	O

Tracheostomy	O
,	O
enteral	O
nutrition	B-PROC
,	O
and	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
a	O
subglottic	B-ANAT
secretion	B-PROC
-	O
drainage	B-ANAT
device	O
were	O
protective	O
.	O

Additionally	O
computed	O
tomography	O
techniques	O
to	O
assess	O
the	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
situation	O
and	O
recruitment	B-DISO
potential	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
bed	B-DISO
-	O
side	O
techniques	O
to	O
adjust	O
PEEP	B-CHED
on	O
the	O
ward	O
have	O
been	O
modified	O
and	O
improved	O
.	O

The	O
objective	O
of	O
this	O
paper	O
was	O
to	O
develop	O
a	O
prognostic	O
index	O
for	O
severe	O
complications	O
among	O
hospitalized	O
patients	O
with	O
influenza	O
A	O
(	O
H1N1	O
)	O
2009	O
virus	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
.	O

We	O
conducted	O
a	O
prospective	O
observational	O
cohort	O
study	O
of	O
618	O
inpatients	O
with	O
2009	O
H1N1	B-DISO
virus	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
admitted	O
to	O
36	O
Spanish	O
hospitals	O
between	O
July	O
2009	O
and	O
February	O
2010	O
.	O

We	O
developed	O
a	O
composite	O
index	O
of	O
severe	O
in	O
-	O
hospital	O
complications	O
(	O
SIHC	O
),	O
which	O
included	O
:	O
mortality	O
,	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
,	O
septic	B-DISO
shock	I-DISO
,	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
,	O
and	O
requirement	O
for	O
resuscitation	O
maneuvers	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Evaluation	O
of	O
a	O
commercial	O
rapid	O
test	O
kit	B-FUNC
for	O
detecting	O
bovine	B-SPEC
enteric	O
pathogens	O
in	O
feces	B-ANAT
.	O

In	O
comparison	O
to	O
mrtPCR	O
,	O
the	O
diagnostic	O
sensitivity	O
of	O
Bovine	B-SPEC
Enterichek	O
was	O
60	O
.	O
0	O
%,	O
42	O
.	O
3	O
%,	O
71	O
.	O
4	O
%,	O
and	O
81	O
.	O
5	O
%,	O
and	O
the	O
diagnostic	O
specificity	O
was	O
51	O
.	O
4	O
%,	O
100	O
%,	O
100	O
%,	O
and	O
98	O
.	O
6	O
%	O
for	O
BCV	B-SPEC
-	O
1	O
,	O
RV	O
-	O
A	O
,	O
E	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
coli	I-SPEC
K99	O
(	O
+	O
),	O
and	O
C	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
parvum	I-SPEC
,	O
respectively	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
test	O
results	O
for	O
BCV	B-SPEC
-	O
1	O
by	O
the	O
kit	B-FUNC
should	O
be	O
interpreted	O
with	O
caution	O
due	O
to	O
low	O
specificity	O
and	O
sensitivity	O
of	O
the	O
kit	B-FUNC
.	O

In	O
the	O
present	O
study	O
,	O
a	O
fusion	O
protein	B-CHED
linking	O
a	O
fragment	O
(	O
residues	O
39	O
-	O
272	O
)	O
of	O
murine	B-SPEC
calreticulin	B-PRGE
(	O
CRT	B-PRGE
)	O
to	O
S450	O
-	O
650	O
in	O
a	O
prokaryotic	O
expression	B-PROC
system	O
was	O
created	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Mucosal	B-ANAT
surfaces	O
are	O
common	O
sites	O
of	O
pathogen	O
colonization	O
/	O
entry	O
.	O

Effective	O
mucosal	B-PROC
immunity	I-PROC
by	O
vaccination	O
should	O
provide	O
protection	O
at	O
this	O
primary	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
site	O
.	O

Our	O
aim	O
was	O
to	O
develop	O
a	O
new	O
vaccination	O
strategy	O
that	O
elicits	O
a	O
mucosal	B-PROC
immune	I-PROC
response	I-PROC
.	O

A	O
needle	O
-	O
free	O
delivery	O
approach	O
is	O
a	O
convenient	O
and	O
cost	O
effective	O
method	O
of	O
vaccine	O
administration	O
,	O
especially	O
for	O
respiratory	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
in	O
economic	O
animals	B-SPEC
.	O

This	O
report	O
describes	O
the	O
first	O
complete	O
genome	O
sequences	O
of	O
virulent	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
and	O
its	O
attenuated	O
counterpart	O
,	O
which	O
will	O
provide	O
important	O
insights	O
into	O
the	O
molecular	O
basis	O
of	O
the	O
attenuation	O
of	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
.	O

We	O
previously	O
identified	O
the	O
antiviral	B-CHED
activities	O
of	O
the	O
scorpion	B-SPEC
-	O
venom	O
-	O
peptide	B-CHED
-	O
derived	O
mucroporin	O
-	O
M1	O
for	O
three	O
RNA	O
viruses	B-SPEC
(	O
measles	B-PATH
viruses	B-SPEC
,	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
,	O
and	O
H5N1	B-DISO
).	O

Binding	B-FUNC
assay	O
of	O
Kn2	O
-	O
7	O
to	O
HIV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
1	I-SPEC
PV	O
by	O
Octet	O
Red	O
system	O
suggested	O
the	O
anti	O
-	O
HIV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
1	I-SPEC
activity	O
was	O
correlated	O
with	O
a	O
direct	O
interaction	O
between	O
Kn2	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
7	I-PRGE
and	O
HIV	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
envelope	B-COMP
.	O

Histopathology	O
seen	O
in	O
animals	B-SPEC
given	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
vaccines	O
was	O
uniformly	O
a	O
Th2	O
-	O
type	O
immunopathology	B-DISO
with	O
prominent	O
eosinophil	B-ANAT
infiltration	B-DISO
,	O
confirmed	O
with	O
special	O
eosinophil	B-ANAT
stains	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
integrity	O
of	O
the	O
vascular	O
wall	O
and	O
its	O
intrinsic	O
basement	B-COMP
membrane	I-COMP
structures	O
ensure	O
that	O
plasma	B-ANAT
and	O
the	O
corpuscular	O
elements	O
of	O
the	O
blood	B-ANAT
remain	O
confined	O
to	O
the	O
intravascular	O
milieu	O
and	O
can	O
enter	O
into	O
the	O
extravascular	O
compartment	B-ANAT
in	O
a	O
well	O
controlled	O
fashion	O
in	O
cases	O
of	O
tissue	B-ANAT
infection	B-DISO
or	O
inflammation	B-DISO
.	O

While	O
participants	O
were	O
generally	O
knowledgeable	O
about	O
influenza	B-DISO
transmission	O
,	O
they	O
were	O
unable	O
to	O
accurately	O
define	O
what	O
'	O
pandemic	O
influenza	B-DISO
'	O
meant	O
.	O

Not	O
surprisingly	O
,	O
it	O
was	O
uncommon	O
for	O
participants	O
to	O
identify	O
university	O
students	O
as	O
being	O
at	O
risk	O
of	O
catching	B-DISO
pandemic	O
influenza	B-DISO
.	O

Given	O
the	O
high	O
levels	O
of	O
interaction	O
that	O
occurs	O
in	O
a	O
university	O
setting	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
really	O
important	O
that	O
students	O
are	O
informed	O
about	O
disease	B-DISO
transmission	I-DISO
and	O
about	O
risk	O
of	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
We	O
report	O
the	O
genetic	O
and	O
biological	O
characterisation	O
of	O
a	O
novel	O
pantropic	O
canine	O
coronavirus	O
(	O
CCoV	O
),	O
strain	O
450	O
/	O
07	O
,	O
which	O
caused	O
the	O
death	B-PROC
of	O
a	O
60	O
-	O
day	O
-	O
old	O
miniature	O
pinscher	O
.	O

There	O
are	O
currently	O
four	O
commercially	O
available	O
vaccines	O
in	O
Australia	O
to	O
protect	O
chickens	O
against	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
IBV	B-SPEC
).	O

An	O
in	O
vivo	O
investigation	O
involved	O
5	O
groups	O
of	O
20	O
chickens	O
each	O
and	O
found	O
that	O
VicS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
del	I-PRGE
grew	O
to	O
a	O
significantly	O
lesser	O
extent	O
in	O
the	O
chicken	B-SPEC
tissues	B-ANAT
collected	O
than	O
did	O
VicS	O
-	O
v	O
.	O

These	O
results	O
indicate	O
the	O
potential	O
for	O
a	O
cooperative	O
,	O
instead	O
of	O
an	O
expected	O
competitive	O
,	O
relationship	O
between	O
VicS	O
-	O
v	O
and	O
VicS	O
-	O
del	O
to	O
infect	O
a	O
host	B-COMP
,	O
which	O
is	O
reminiscent	O
of	O
RNA	O
viral	O
quasi	O
-	O
species	B-SPEC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Cross	O
sectional	O
and	O
longitudinal	O
surveys	O
of	O
canine	O
enteric	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
infection	O
in	O
kennelled	O
dogs	O
:	O
a	O
molecular	O
marker	O
for	O
biosecurity	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Previous	O
studies	O
have	O
suggested	O
that	O
kennelled	O
dogs	B-SPEC
are	O
more	O
likely	O
to	O
test	O
positive	O
for	O
CECoV	O
than	O
household	O
pets	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Genetic	O
diversity	O
of	O
avian	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
bronchitis	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
in	O
recent	O
years	O
in	O
China	O
.	O

Pathogenicity	O
testing	O
and	O
sequence	O
analysis	O
of	O
the	O
3	O
'	O
terminal	O
untranslated	O
region	O
revealed	O
that	O
TW	O
II	O
-	O
type	O
IBV	B-SPEC
strains	O
isolated	O
in	O
mainland	O
China	O
have	O
a	O
close	O
relationship	O
with	O
the	O
embryo	B-ANAT
-	O
passaged	O
,	O
attenuated	O
TW2296	O
/	O
95	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Suppression	B-PROC
of	O
feline	B-SPEC
coronavirus	B-SPEC
replication	O
in	O
vitro	O
by	O
cyclosporin	B-CHED
A	I-CHED
.	O
ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
feline	B-SPEC
infectious	I-DISO
peritonitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
FIPV	O
)	O
is	O
a	O
member	O
of	O
the	O
feline	B-SPEC
coronavirus	B-SPEC
family	B-SPEC
that	O
causes	O
FIP	B-DISO
,	O
which	O
is	O
incurable	O
and	O
fatal	O
in	O
cats	B-SPEC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Right	O
ventricular	O
(	O
RV	O
)	O
failure	O
is	O
characterized	O
by	O
an	O
inability	O
to	O
pump	O
blood	B-ANAT
into	O
the	O
pulmonary	B-PROC
circulation	B-PROC
and	O
can	O
often	O
lead	O
to	O
hemodynamic	B-DISO
instability	I-DISO
.	O

We	O
report	O
the	O
case	O
of	O
a	O
61	O
-	O
year	O
-	O
old	O
woman	O
with	O
no	O
significant	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
or	O
cardiac	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
who	O
presented	O
with	O
hypoxic	B-DISO
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
in	O
the	O
setting	O
of	O
opioid	O
overdose	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
organization	O
of	O
the	O
response	O
to	O
infectious	O
disease	O
outbreaks	O
by	O
public	O
health	O
agencies	O
at	O
the	O
federal	O
,	O
state	O
,	O
and	O
local	O
levels	O
has	O
historically	O
been	O
based	O
on	O
traditional	O
public	O
health	O
functions	O
(	O
e	O
.	O
g	O
.,	O
epidemiology	O
,	O
surveillance	O
,	O
laboratory	O
,	O
infection	B-DISO
control	O
,	O
and	O
health	O
communications	O
).	O

The	O
topics	O
are	O
described	O
mainly	O
for	O
palmitoylated	O
proteins	B-CHED
of	O
influenza	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
,	O
but	O
proteins	B-CHED
of	O
other	O
important	O
pathogens	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
the	O
causative	O
agents	O
of	O
AIDS	O
and	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
,	O
and	O
of	O
model	O
viruses	B-SPEC
are	O
discussed	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
A	O
human	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
responsible	O
for	O
the	O
common	B-DISO
cold	I-DISO
massively	O
kills	O
dendritic	B-ANAT
cells	B-COMP
but	O
not	O
monocytes	B-ANAT
.	O

By	O
the	O
time	O
this	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
,	O
labeled	O
SCoV	O
,	O
apparently	O
receded	O
from	O
human	B-SPEC
hosts	B-COMP
in	O
July	O
2003	O
,	O
nearly	O
10	O
percent	O
of	O
more	O
than	O
8	O
,	O
000	O
individuals	O
who	O
fit	B-DISO
the	O
probable	O
case	O
definition	O
had	O
died	B-PROC
of	O
the	O
disease	O
now	O
known	O
as	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
(	O
World	O
Health	O
Organization	O
[	O
WHO	O
],	O
2003a	O
).	O

In	O
sum	O
,	O
our	O
results	O
show	O
that	O
TMPRSS2	B-PRGE
and	O
HAT	B-PRGE
are	O
expressed	B-PROC
by	O
important	O
influenza	B-DISO
and	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
target	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
and	O
could	O
thus	O
support	O
viral	O
spread	O
in	O
the	O
human	B-SPEC
host	B-COMP
.	O

However	O
,	O
no	O
commercial	O
vaccines	O
that	O
are	O
specific	O
for	O
this	O
type	O
of	O
IBV	B-SPEC
are	O
currently	O
available	O
.	O

Our	O
results	O
demonstrate	O
that	O
rMDV	O
-	O
S1	O
is	O
an	O
effective	O
and	O
promising	O
recombinant	O
vaccine	O
for	O
the	O
prevention	O
of	O
QX	O
-	O
like	O
IBV	B-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
.	O

Sequences	O
analysis	O
confirmed	O
that	O
the	O
CoVs	O
from	O
Kenya	O
bats	B-SPEC
are	O
divergent	O
members	O
of	O
Alphacoronavirus	B-SPEC
and	O
Betacoronavirus	B-SPEC
genera	O
.	O

BtKY27	O
and	O
BtKY33	O
are	O
members	O
of	O
the	O
established	O
bat	B-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
species	B-SPEC
in	O
Alphacoronavirus	B-SPEC
genus	B-SPEC
and	O
BtKY06	O
is	O
a	O
member	O
of	O
the	O
established	O
bat	O
CoV	O
species	B-SPEC
in	O
Betacoronavirus	B-SPEC
genus	B-SPEC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Aerosol	O
generating	O
procedures	O
(	O
AGPs	O
)	O
may	O
expose	O
health	O
care	O
workers	O
(	O
HCWs	O
)	O
to	O
pathogens	O
causing	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
infections	O
(	O
ARIs	B-DISO
),	O
but	O
the	O
risk	O
of	O
transmission	O
of	O
ARIs	B-PRGE
from	I-PRGE
AGPs	I-PRGE
is	O
not	O
fully	O
known	O
.	O

We	O
searched	O
PubMed	O
,	O
EMBASE	O
,	O
MEDLINE	O
,	O
CINAHL	O
,	O
the	O
Cochrane	O
Library	O
,	O
University	O
of	O
York	O
CRD	B-DISO
databases	O
,	O
EuroScan	O
,	O
LILACS	B-SPEC
,	O
Indian	O
Medlars	B-SPEC
,	O
Index	O
Medicus	O
for	O
SE	O
Asia	O
,	O
international	O
health	O
technology	O
agencies	O
and	O
the	O
Internet	O
in	O
all	O
languages	O
for	O
articles	O
from	O
01	O
/	O
01	O
/	O
1990	O
to	O
22	O
/	O
10	O
/	O
2010	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Pathogenesis	B-PROC
and	O
tissue	B-ANAT
distribution	O
of	O
avian	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
bronchitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
isolate	O
IRFIBV32	O
(	O
793	O
/	O
B	O
serotype	O
)	O
in	O
experimentally	O
infected	O
broiler	O
chickens	O
.	O

The	O
aim	O
of	O
this	O
study	O
was	O
to	O
investigate	O
the	O
distribution	O
of	O
avian	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
bronchitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
isolate	O
IRFIBV32	O
(	O
793	O
/	O
B	O
serotype	O
)	O
in	O
experimentally	O
infected	O
chicken	B-SPEC
.	O

Although	O
it	O
seems	O
to	O
have	O
a	O
benign	O
course	O
,	O
it	O
may	O
also	O
be	O
lethal	O
and	O
severe	O
in	O
some	O
cases	O
,	O
especially	O
in	O
the	O
form	O
of	O
hydrops	B-DISO
and	O
/	O
or	O
cardiopulmonary	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
.	O

We	O
found	O
that	O
a	O
transmembrane	B-COMP
topology	O
was	O
required	O
for	O
disrupting	O
the	O
secretory	B-PROC
pathway	I-PROC
,	O
but	O
was	O
less	O
efficient	O
for	O
virus	B-COMP
-	I-COMP
like	I-COMP
particle	I-COMP
production	O
.	O

ARDS	B-DISO
was	O
successfully	O
treated	O
using	O
emergency	B-DISO
extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenation	B-PROC
within	O
3	O
h	O
after	O
the	O
incident	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
is	O
a	O
pathogenic	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
that	O
emerged	O
from	O
a	O
zoonotic	O
reservoir	O
,	O
leading	O
to	O
global	O
dissemination	O
of	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Identification	O
of	O
myricetin	B-CHED
and	O
scutellarein	B-CHED
as	O
novel	O
chemical	O
inhibitors	B-CHED
of	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
helicase	I-PRGE
,	O
nsP13	O
.	O

Among	O
all	O
ROS	B-CHED
-	O
producing	O
enzymes	O
,	O
the	O
members	O
of	O
NADPH	B-PRGE
oxidases	I-PRGE
(	O
NOXs	O
),	O
which	O
are	O
widely	O
expressed	B-PROC
in	O
different	O
lung	B-ANAT
cell	B-COMP
types	O
,	O
have	O
been	O
shown	O
to	O
participate	O
in	O
cellular	B-COMP
processes	O
involved	O
in	O
the	O
maintenance	O
of	O
lung	B-ANAT
integrity	O
.	O

In	O
this	O
article	O
,	O
we	O
summarize	O
the	O
current	O
knowledge	O
concerning	O
some	O
cellular	B-COMP
aspects	O
of	O
NOXs	O
localization	B-PROC
and	O
function	O
in	O
the	O
lungs	B-ANAT
,	O
consider	O
their	O
contribution	O
in	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
ALI	O
/	O
ARDS	B-DISO
and	O
discuss	O
the	O
place	O
of	O
NOX	O
inhibitors	B-CHED
as	O
potential	O
therapeutical	O
target	O
.	O

Early	O
following	O
JHMV	O
infection	B-DISO
,	O
ELR	O
-	O
positive	O
chemokines	O
contribute	O
to	O
host	B-PROC
defense	I-PROC
by	O
attracting	O
CXCR2	B-PRGE
-	O
expressing	O
cells	B-COMP
including	O
polymorphonuclear	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
to	O
the	O
CNS	B-CHED
that	O
aid	O
in	O
host	B-PROC
defense	I-PROC
through	O
increasing	O
the	O
permeability	O
the	O
blood	B-ANAT
-	O
brain	B-ANAT
-	O
barrier	O
(	O
BBB	B-CHED
).	O

PEEP	B-CHED
was	O
applied	O
and	O
adjusted	O
to	O
appropriate	O
levels	O
on	O
the	O
basis	O
of	O
information	O
obtained	O
from	O
continuous	O
monitoring	O
of	O
cerebral	B-ANAT
and	O
systemic	O
haemodynamics	O
.	O

The	O
M	B-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
of	O
the	O
seven	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
isolates	O
encompasses	O
an	O
open	O
reading	O
frame	O
of	O
681	O
nucleotides	B-CHED
,	O
encoding	O
a	O
protein	B-CHED
of	O
226	O
amino	B-CHED
acids	I-CHED
.	O

When	O
compared	O
with	O
other	O
Chinese	O
isolates	O
and	O
foreign	O
isolates	O
,	O
the	O
seven	O
isolates	O
showed	O
high	O
nucleotide	B-CHED
identity	O
with	O
the	O
Thailand	O
isolate	O
M	O
-	O
NIAH1005	O
(	O
99	O
.	O
6	O
-	O
99	O
.	O
9	O
%)	O
and	O
Korea	O
isolate	O
PFF188	O
(	O
99	O
.	O
7	O
-	O
100	O
%),	O
but	O
low	O
identity	O
with	O
other	O
Chinese	O
isolates	O
(	O
96	O
.	O
6	O
-	O
99	O
.	O
1	O
%)	O
and	O
with	O
the	O
vaccine	O
strain	O
CV777	O
used	O
in	O
China	O
(	O
97	O
.	O
8	O
-	O
98	O
.	O
2	O
%).	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Many	O
viruses	B-SPEC
are	O
known	O
to	O
cause	O
influenza	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
like	I-DISO
illness	I-DISO
(	O
ILI	O
);	O
however	O
,	O
in	O
nearly	O
50	O
%	O
of	O
patients	O
,	O
the	O
etiologic	O
agent	O
remains	O
unknown	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
and	O
the	O
rhetorical	O
construction	O
of	O
""""	O
bad	O
""""	O
scientific	O
work	O
.	O

Recent	O
studies	O
have	O
indicated	O
that	O
the	O
E	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
has	O
functions	O
during	O
infection	B-DISO
beyond	O
assembly	O
,	O
including	O
in	O
virus	B-SPEC
egress	O
and	O
in	O
the	O
host	B-COMP
stress	B-PATH
response	I-PATH
.	O

The	O
review	O
concludes	O
by	O
noting	O
how	O
understanding	O
of	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
entry	O
informs	O
antiviral	B-CHED
therapies	O
.	O

Factor	B-PRGE
VIII	I-PRGE
(	O
FVIII	O
)	O
levels	O
were	O
very	O
low	O
and	O
evidence	O
of	O
FVIII	B-PRGE
inhibitor	B-CHED
was	O
found	O
.	O

Abdominal	B-ANAT
XR	O
confirmed	O
these	O
findings	O
.	O

Within	O
24	O
hours	O
of	O
presentation	O
,	O
he	O
became	O
tachycardic	O
and	O
oliguric	O
with	O
orthostatic	B-PROC
hypotension	O
.	O

Following	O
two	O
enemas	O
,	O
he	O
acutely	O
deteriorated	O
with	O
severe	O
hypotension	O
,	O
marked	O
tachycardia	O
,	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
,	O
and	O
a	O
declining	O
mental	O
status	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Human	B-SPEC
parechovirus	I-SPEC
infections	B-DISO
,	O
Lyon	O
,	O
France	O
,	O
2008	O
-	O
10	O
:	O
evidence	O
for	O
severe	O
cases	O
.	O

To	O
determine	O
the	O
detection	O
frequency	O
of	O
HPeV	O
in	O
cerebrospinal	B-ANAT
fluid	I-ANAT
(	O
CSF	B-ANAT
)	O
samples	O
collected	O
from	O
children	O
aged	O
<	O
5	O
years	O
hospitalized	O
between	O
2008	O
and	O
2010	O
in	O
the	O
University	O
Hospital	O
of	O
Lyon	O
and	O
to	O
describe	O
the	O
clinical	O
,	O
virological	O
and	O
biological	O
characteristics	O
associated	O
with	O
HPeV	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

Three	O
patients	O
(	O
2	O
with	O
septic	O
shock	B-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
,	O
1	O
with	O
severe	O
respiratory	B-DISO
distress	I-DISO
)	O
required	O
hospitalization	O
in	O
an	O
intensive	O
care	O
unit	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Severe	O
community	O
-	O
acquired	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
caused	O
by	O
adenovirus	B-DISO
type	O
11	O
in	O
immunocompetent	O
adults	O
in	O
Beijing	O
.	O

Patients	O
with	O
adenovirus	B-DISO
pneumonia	B-DISO
typically	O
reported	O
flu	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
like	I-DISO
symptoms	I-DISO
.	O

Our	O
identification	O
of	O
severe	O
respiratory	O
illness	O
due	O
to	O
adenovirus	B-DISO
,	O
especially	O
type	O
11	O
may	O
highlight	O
the	O
need	O
for	O
rapid	O
diagnosis	O
and	O
improved	O
surveillance	O
,	O
which	O
may	O
assist	O
with	O
targeted	B-PROC
development	B-PROC
of	O
antiviral	B-CHED
agents	I-CHED
or	O
type	O
-	O
specific	O
vaccines	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Severe	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
distress	O
syndrome	O
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
in	O
children	O
carries	O
a	O
high	O
morbidity	O
and	O
mortality	O
.	O

High	O
frequency	O
ventilation	O
and	O
extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenation	B-PROC
(	O
ECMO	O
)	O
are	O
used	O
as	O
rescue	O
modes	O
of	O
support	O
in	O
difficult	O
situations	O
.	O

Rapid	O
evolution	B-PROC
of	O
avian	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
IBV	B-SPEC
makes	O
this	O
virus	B-SPEC
extremely	O
difficult	O
to	O
diagnose	O
and	O
control	O
,	O
but	O
also	O
makes	O
it	O
an	O
excellent	O
model	O
system	O
to	O
study	O
viral	O
genetic	O
diversity	O
and	O
the	O
mechanisms	O
behind	O
the	O
emergence	O
of	O
coronaviruses	O
in	O
their	O
natural	O
host	B-COMP
.	O

These	O
data	O
suggest	O
that	O
CCoV	O
-	O
A76	O
represents	O
a	O
recombinant	O
coronavirus	O
form	O
,	O
with	O
distinct	O
host	B-COMP
cell	I-COMP
tropism	B-PROC
.	O

On	O
the	O
one	O
hand	O
these	O
inhibitory	O
signals	O
prevent	O
excessive	O
immune	O
mediated	O
pathology	B-DISO
but	O
on	O
the	O
other	O
hand	O
they	O
may	O
impair	O
clearance	O
of	O
the	O
pathogen	O
.	O

MHV	B-SPEC
clearance	O
is	O
known	O
to	O
be	O
dependent	O
on	O
Toll	B-PRGE
like	I-PRGE
receptor	I-PRGE
7	I-PRGE
(	O
TLR7	B-PRGE
)-	O
mediated	O
type	B-PROC
I	I-PROC
IFN	I-PROC
production	I-PROC
and	O
sex	O
differences	O
in	O
TLR7	O
responses	O
previously	O
have	O
been	O
reported	O
for	O
humans	B-SPEC
.	O

This	O
hypothesis	O
is	O
supported	O
by	O
our	O
findings	O
that	O
in	O
vivo	O
administration	O
of	O
synthetic	O
TLR7	B-PRGE
ligand	I-PRGE
leads	O
to	O
enhanced	O
type	B-PROC
I	I-PROC
IFN	I-PROC
production	I-PROC
,	O
particularly	O
in	O
female	O
Cd200	O
(-/-)	O
mice	B-SPEC
and	O
that	O
CD200R	B-PRGE
ligation	O
inhibits	O
TLR7	B-PRGE
signaling	B-PROC
in	O
vitro	O
.	O

Our	O
data	O
predict	O
a	O
sex	O
bias	B-SPEC
in	O
both	O
beneficial	O
and	O
pathological	O
immune	B-PROC
responses	I-PROC
to	O
virus	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
upon	O
therapeutic	O
targeting	B-PROC
of	O
CD200	B-PRGE
-	O
CD200R	B-PRGE
.	O

However	O
,	O
because	O
it	O
is	O
a	O
protein	B-CHED
,	O
the	O
rOv	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
ASP	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
adjuvant	B-CHED
may	O
also	O
induce	O
anti	O
-	O
self	O
-	O
antibodies	B-COMP
.	O

When	O
expressed	B-PROC
as	O
N	O
-	O
terminal	O
enhanced	B-PRGE
green	I-PRGE
fluorescence	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
(	O
EGFP	O
)	O
fusion	O
,	O
it	O
predominantly	O
formed	O
speckles	O
in	O
the	O
cytoplasm	B-COMP
.	O

Expression	B-PROC
of	O
a	O
small	O
(	O
35aa	O
)	O
sequence	O
in	O
Domain	O
III	O
alone	O
was	O
sufficient	O
to	O
form	O
speckles	O
for	O
all	O
3	O
viral	O
nsp15s	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Hundreds	O
of	O
million	O
people	O
worldwide	O
have	O
been	O
infected	O
with	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
),	O
and	O
the	O
rate	O
of	O
global	O
death	B-PROC
from	O
SARS	B-DISO
has	O
remarkably	O
increased	O
.	O

In	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
we	O
found	O
that	O
a	O
designed	O
biochip	O
could	O
analyze	O
inhibitors	B-CHED
of	O
the	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
N	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
using	O
nanoparticle	B-CHED
-	O
based	O
RNA	O
oligonucleotide	B-CHED
.	O

Among	O
the	O
polyphenolic	O
compounds	O
examined	O
,	O
(-)-	O
catechin	B-CHED
gallate	B-CHED
and	O
(-)-	O
gallocatechin	B-CHED
gallate	B-CHED
demonstrated	O
a	O
remarkable	O
inhibition	B-PROC
activity	O
on	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
N	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
.	O

At	O
a	O
concentration	O
of	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
μg	O
mL	O
(-	O
1	O
),	O
(-)-	O
catechin	B-CHED
gallate	B-CHED
and	O
(-)-	O
gallocatechin	B-CHED
gallate	B-CHED
showed	O
more	O
than	O
40	O
%	O
inhibition	B-PROC
activity	O
on	O
a	O
nanoparticle	B-CHED
-	O
based	O
RNA	O
oligonucleotide	B-CHED
biochip	O
system	O
.	O

The	O
clinical	O
files	O
of	O
women	O
having	O
influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
(	O
H1N1	O
)	O
attending	O
the	O
Monica	O
Pretelini	O
maternal	O
-	O
perinatal	O
hospital	O
'	O
s	O
(	O
HMPMP	O
)	O
intensive	O
care	O
unit	O
in	O
Toluca	O
,	O
Mexico	O
,	O
were	O
reviewed	O
.	O

The	O
nsp14	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
carries	O
both	O
exoribonuclease	O
(	O
ExoN	O
)	O
and	O
(	B-PRGE
guanine	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
N7	I-PRGE
)-	I-PRGE
methyltransferase	I-PRGE
(	O
N7	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
MTase	I-PRGE
)	O
activities	O
.	O

The	O
B	B-PRGE
and	I-PRGE
T	I-PRGE
lymphocyte	I-PRGE
attenuator	I-PRGE
(	O
BTLA	B-PRGE
)	O
is	O
an	O
immunoglobulin	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
domain	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
containing	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
that	O
has	O
the	O
capacity	O
to	O
maintain	O
peripheral	O
tolerance	B-DISO
and	O
limit	O
immunopathological	O
damage	O
during	O
immune	B-PROC
responses	I-PROC
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
FGL2	B-PRGE
production	O
,	O
liver	B-ANAT
and	I-ANAT
spleen	I-ANAT
damage	O
,	O
and	O
mortality	O
were	O
significantly	O
reduced	O
in	O
BTLA	O
-/-	O
mice	B-SPEC
infected	O
with	O
MHV	B-SPEC
-	O
3	O
.	O

These	O
data	O
demonstrate	O
that	O
IL	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
17	I-PROC
mediates	O
detrimental	O
clinical	O
consequences	O
in	O
an	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
γ	I-PRGE
-	O
deprived	O
environment	O
,	O
independent	O
of	O
extensive	O
neutrophil	B-ANAT
accumulation	O
or	O
GM	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CSF	I-PRGE
upregulation	B-PROC
.	O

Furthermore	O
,	O
co	O
-	O
transfer	O
of	O
WT	O
and	O
GKO	O
CD4	B-PRGE
+	I-PRGE
T	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
prolonged	O
survival	O
in	O
an	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
γ	I-PRGE
dependent	O
manner	O
,	O
although	O
IL	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
17	I-PROC
transcription	B-PROC
was	O
not	O
reduced	O
.	O

In	O
all	O
cases	O
,	O
results	O
showed	O
that	O
pVAX1	O
-(	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
-	O
S	O
)	O
and	O
the	O
combination	O
of	O
pVAX1	O
-(	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
-	O
S1	O
)	O
with	O
pVAX1	O
-(	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
18	I-FUNC
)	O
induced	O
the	O
strongest	O
responses	O
;	O
however	O
,	O
pIL	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
18	I-PRGE
had	O
no	O
adjuvant	B-CHED
effects	O
when	O
given	O
in	O
combination	O
with	O
pVAX1	O
-(	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
-	O
S1	O
).	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
A	O
16	O
-	O
month	O
old	O
boy	O
presented	O
with	O
a	O
severe	O
tumour	O
lysis	O
syndrome	O
(	O
TLS	O
)	O
complicating	O
induction	O
therapy	O
for	O
acute	B-DISO
myeloid	I-DISO
leukaemia	I-DISO
.	O

The	O
present	O
study	O
aimed	O
to	O
develop	O
a	O
simple	O
method	O
to	O
estimate	O
the	O
CFR	O
based	O
on	O
readily	O
available	O
datasets	O
,	O
that	O
is	O
,	O
confirmed	O
cases	O
and	O
deaths	B-PROC
,	O
while	O
addressing	O
some	O
of	O
the	O
known	O
technical	O
issues	O
.	O

Cytotoxic	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
may	O
result	O
from	O
direct	O
injury	O
to	O
pneumocytes	B-ANAT
or	O
the	O
alveolar	B-ANAT
capillary	B-ANAT
endothelium	I-ANAT
.	O

Assessment	O
of	O
cell	O
-	O
mediated	O
immunity	O
has	O
recently	O
increased	O
,	O
because	O
verifying	O
the	O
presence	O
or	O
absence	O
of	O
drug	O
-	O
sensitized	O
lymphocytes	B-ANAT
can	O
aid	O
in	O
confirmation	O
of	O
drug	O
-	O
induced	O
disease	O
.	O

Its	O
application	O
on	O
bats	B-SPEC
screening	O
resulted	O
in	O
a	O
prevalence	O
of	O
42	O
%.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Salmonella	B-SPEC
enteritidis	O
bacteraemia	B-DISO
as	O
clinical	O
onset	O
of	O
acquired	B-DISO
immune	I-DISO
deficiency	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
].	O

As	O
nsp10	O
acts	O
as	O
an	O
essential	O
trigger	O
to	O
activate	O
the	O
2	O
'-	O
O	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
methyltransferase	I-FUNC
activity	I-FUNC
of	O
nsp16	O
,	O
short	O
peptides	B-CHED
derived	O
from	O
nsp10	O
may	O
have	O
inhibitory	O
effect	O
on	O
viral	B-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
'-	I-PRGE
O	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
methyltransferase	I-PRGE
activity	O
.	O

We	O
further	O
showed	O
that	O
two	O
short	O
peptides	B-CHED
derived	O
from	O
the	O
interaction	O
domain	O
of	O
nsp10	O
could	O
inhibit	O
the	O
2	O
'-	O
O	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
methyltransferase	I-FUNC
activity	I-FUNC
of	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
nsp16	I-PRGE
/	O
10	O
complex	O
,	O
thus	O
providing	O
a	O
novel	O
strategy	O
and	O
proof	O
-	O
of	O
-	O
principle	O
study	O
for	O
developing	O
peptide	B-CHED
inhibitors	B-CHED
against	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
.	O

The	O
development	O
of	O
a	O
severe	O
and	O
acute	O
methemoglobinemia	B-DISO
following	O
the	O
administration	O
of	O
MCP	B-FUNC
is	O
described	O
in	O
this	O
case	O
report	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Design	O
,	O
synthesis	B-PROC
,	O
antiviral	B-CHED
activity	O
,	O
and	O
SARs	B-DISO
of	O
14	O
-	O
aminophenanthroindolizidines	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Treatment	O
of	O
336	O
cases	O
of	O
chest	B-ANAT
trauma	O
.	O

Among	O
the	O
dead	B-PROC
cases	O
,	O
one	O
died	B-PROC
of	O
hemorrhagic	B-DISO
shock	I-DISO
,	O
three	O
of	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
,	O
three	O
of	O
multiple	B-DISO
organ	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
,	O
and	O
four	O
of	O
severe	O
multiple	O
traumas	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Carboplatin	B-CHED
-	O
induced	O
hypersensitivity	B-DISO
reaction	I-DISO
.	O

Precisely	O
identifying	O
the	O
mat_peptide	O
cleavage	B-PROC
for	O
some	O
viruses	B-SPEC
is	O
a	O
built	O
-	O
in	O
feature	O
of	O
VIGOR	O
.	O

The	O
gene	O
predictions	O
for	O
these	O
viruses	B-SPEC
have	O
been	O
evaluated	O
by	O
testing	O
from	O
27	O
to	O
240	O
genomes	O
from	O
GenBank	O
.	O

Early	O
treatment	O
with	O
influenza	B-DISO
antiviral	B-CHED
agents	I-CHED
was	O
likely	O
beneficial	O
,	O
especially	O
when	O
initiated	O
≤	O
2	O
days	O
after	O
illness	O
onset	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
The	O
majority	O
(	O
77	O
%)	O
of	O
154	O
patients	O
hospitalized	O
in	O
an	O
ICU	O
were	O
<	O
50	O
years	O
of	O
age	O
,	O
and	O
65	O
%	O
had	O
at	O
least	O
one	O
underlying	O
medical	O
condition	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Prevalence	O
of	O
feline	B-SPEC
coronavirus	B-SPEC
antibodies	B-COMP
in	O
Japanese	O
domestic	B-SPEC
cats	I-SPEC
during	O
the	O
past	O
decade	O
.	O

This	O
report	O
describes	O
three	O
cases	O
of	O
prolonged	O
heparin	B-CHED
-	O
free	O
venovenous	O
ECMO	O
in	O
multiple	O
injured	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
TBI	O
failing	O
conventional	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
.	O
:	O
Using	O
this	O
strategy	O
,	O
neither	O
ECMO	O
-	O
associated	O
bleeding	B-DISO
nor	O
clotting	B-PROC
of	O
the	O
extracorporeal	O
circuit	O
occurred	O
.	O

Based	O
on	O
our	O
experience	O
,	O
we	O
recommend	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
heparin	B-CHED
-	O
free	O
ECMO	O
in	O
multiple	O
injured	O
patients	O
with	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
that	O
is	O
not	O
successfully	O
controlled	O
by	O
lung	B-ANAT
-	O
protective	O
ventilation	O
even	O
if	O
severe	O
TBI	O
is	O
present	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Dengue	B-DISO
infection	B-DISO
is	O
now	O
known	O
to	O
present	O
with	O
wide	O
spectrum	O
of	O
complications	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Pulmonary	B-ANAT
manifestation	O
of	O
novel	O
swine	B-SPEC
-	O
origin	O
influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
(	O
H1N1	O
)	O
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
S	O
-	O
OIV	O
)	O
infection	B-DISO
in	O
immunocompromised	O
patients	O
:	O
initial	O
findings	O
with	O
multidetector	O
computed	O
tomography	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
describe	O
initial	O
multidetector	O
computed	O
tomographic	O
(	O
MDCT	O
)	O
findings	O
of	O
novel	O
swine	O
-	O
origin	O
influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
(	O
H1N1	O
)	O
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
S	O
-	O
OIV	O
)	O
infection	B-DISO
in	O
immunocompromised	O
patients	O
and	O
to	O
evaluate	O
whether	O
or	O
not	O
identification	O
of	O
certain	O
abnormalities	O
can	O
help	O
predict	O
patients	O
who	O
are	O
at	O
risk	O
for	O
a	O
severe	O
clinical	O
course	O
.	O

This	O
retrospective	O
study	O
included	O
13	O
patients	O
with	O
confirmed	O
S	O
-	O
OIV	O
infection	B-DISO
suffering	B-DISO
from	O
an	O
underlying	O
immunodeficiency	B-DISO
or	O
who	O
were	O
receiving	O
immunosuppressive	O
therapy	O
.	O

Bilateral	O
opacities	B-DISO
with	O
extensive	O
involvement	O
of	O
the	O
lung	B-ANAT
parenchyma	I-ANAT
were	O
most	O
predictive	O
of	O
a	O
severe	O
clinical	O
course	O
.	O

Because	O
antiviral	B-CHED
drugs	I-CHED
are	O
only	O
effective	O
early	O
in	O
infection	B-DISO
,	O
new	O
agents	O
are	O
needed	O
to	O
treat	O
nonvaccinated	O
patients	O
presenting	O
with	O
late	O
-	O
stage	O
disease	O
,	O
particularly	O
those	O
who	O
develop	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

Air	B-CHED
transportation	O
for	O
those	O
with	O
severe	O
injuries	O
and	O
diseases	O
played	O
a	O
crucial	O
role	O
in	O
decreasing	O
the	O
mortality	O
and	O
morbidity	O
.	O

Characteristic	O
factors	O
such	O
as	O
high	O
altitude	O
,	O
low	O
-	O
oxygen	B-PROC
content	I-PROC
,	O
local	O
construction	O
features	O
,	O
and	O
lifestyle	O
may	O
contribute	O
to	O
complex	O
injuries	O
and	O
illnesses	O
.	O

PP	O
also	O
significantly	O
complicates	O
burn	O
care	O
by	O
making	O
skin	B-ANAT
protection	O
and	O
wound	O
care	O
more	O
difficult	O
.	O

This	O
led	O
to	O
a	O
National	O
Institute	O
of	O
Health	O
Consensus	O
Development	B-PROC
Conference	O
which	O
concluded	O
that	O
FFP	O
should	O
be	O
given	O
to	O
only	O
those	O
patients	O
who	O
had	O
a	O
documented	O
coagulopathy	B-DISO
as	O
evidenced	O
by	O
a	O
prolongation	O
of	O
the	O
prothrombin	B-PRGE
time	O
and	O
the	O
partial	O
thromboplastin	B-PRGE
time	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Influenza	B-DISO
is	O
easily	O
overlooked	O
in	O
intensive	O
care	O
units	O
(	O
ICUs	O
),	O
particularly	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
alternative	O
causes	O
of	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
or	O
in	O
those	O
who	O
acquire	O
influenza	B-DISO
during	O
their	O
ICU	O
stay	O
.	O

The	O
small	O
size	O
,	O
unique	O
structure	O
,	O
and	O
multiple	O
host	B-PROC
defense	I-PROC
activities	O
of	O
θ	O
-	O
defensins	B-PATH
make	O
them	O
intriguing	O
potential	O
therapeutic	O
agents	O
.	O

In	O
order	B-SPEC
to	O
do	O
this	O
,	O
we	O
felt	O
it	O
necessary	O
to	O
summarize	O
the	O
knowledge	O
acquired	O
previously	O
,	O
since	O
the	O
since	O
the	O
disease	O
was	O
first	O
identified	O
in	O
the	O
1930s	O
.	O

The	O
virus	B-SPEC
exists	O
in	O
the	O
form	O
of	O
many	O
,	O
ever	O
changing	O
,	O
serotypic	O
or	O
genotypic	O
variants	O
,	O
some	O
of	O
which	O
have	O
global	O
distribution	O
whilst	O
others	O
are	O
found	O
only	O
in	O
more	O
local	O
areas	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
disorder	O
shows	O
a	O
sharp	O
increase	O
associated	O
with	O
the	O
transition	B-DISO
from	O
prokaryotic	O
to	O
eukaryotic	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
.	O

As	O
a	O
result	O
,	O
we	O
identified	O
2	O
alternative	O
amino	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
differences	O
in	O
the	O
putative	O
fusion	O
peptide	B-CHED
of	O
the	O
spike	O
protein	B-CHED
that	O
together	O
distinguish	O
FIPV	O
from	O
FECV	B-SPEC
in	O
>	O
95	O
%	O
of	O
cases	O
.	O

In	O
conclusion	O
,	O
pdm	B-PRGE
H1N1	I-PRGE
2009	O
infection	B-DISO
-	O
associated	O
encephalopathy	B-DISO
was	O
a	O
critical	O
disease	O
in	O
children	O
,	O
with	O
rapidly	O
progressive	O
characteristics	O
similar	O
to	O
those	O
of	O
seasonal	O
influenza	B-DISO
-	O
associated	O
encephalopathy	B-DISO
.	O

A	O
specific	O
decrease	O
for	O
ACE2	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
level	O
was	O
observed	O
when	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
NL63	I-SPEC
was	O
cultured	O
at	O
34	O
°	O
C	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Characterization	O
of	O
human	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
etiology	O
in	O
Chinese	O
adults	O
with	O
acute	B-DISO
upper	B-ANAT
respiratory	I-ANAT
tract	I-ANAT
infection	I-DISO
by	O
real	O
-	O
time	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
assays	O
.	O

Although	O
many	O
researchers	O
have	O
explored	O
the	O
combination	O
of	O
proteins	B-CHED
with	O
organic	O
polymers	B-CHED
,	O
far	O
fewer	O
investigations	O
have	O
explored	O
nucleic	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
/	O
polymer	B-CHED
hybrids	O
,	O
known	O
as	O
DNA	O
block	B-CHED
copolymers	I-CHED
(	O
DBCs	O
).	O

DNA	O
as	O
a	O
polymer	B-CHED
block	O
provides	O
several	O
advantages	O
over	O
other	O
biopolymers	B-CHED
.	O

A	O
screen	O
utilizing	O
a	O
recombinant	O
Vesicular	B-SPEC
Stomatitis	I-SPEC
Virus	I-SPEC
(	O
VSV	O
)	O
encoding	O
Zaire	B-SPEC
ebolavirus	I-SPEC
GP	O
identified	O
four	O
Chinese	B-SPEC
Hamster	I-SPEC
Ovary	B-ANAT
(	O
CHO	B-FUNC
)	O
cell	B-ANAT
lines	I-ANAT
resistant	O
to	O
GP	O
-	O
mediated	O
viral	O
entry	O
.	O

Conversely	O
,	O
expression	B-PROC
of	O
the	O
recently	O
described	O
ebolavirus	B-SPEC
host	B-COMP
entry	I-PRGE
factor	I-PRGE
Niemann	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
Pick	I-PRGE
Type	I-PRGE
C1	I-PRGE
(	O
NPC1	O
)	O
restored	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Comparison	O
of	O
nasopharyngeal	B-ANAT
flocked	O
swabs	O
and	O
nasopharyngeal	B-ANAT
wash	O
collection	O
methods	O
for	O
respiratory	O
virus	O
detection	O
in	O
hospitalized	O
children	O
using	O
real	O
-	O
time	O
polymerase	O
chain	O
reaction	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Microparticles	O
and	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
pathophysiology	O
of	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
(	O
ALI	O
)	O
and	O
its	O
most	O
severe	O
form	O
,	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
distress	O
syndrome	O
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
),	O
is	O
characterized	O
by	O
increased	O
vascular	B-ANAT
and	O
epithelial	O
permeability	O
,	O
hypercoagulation	O
and	O
hypofibrinolysis	O
,	O
inflammation	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
immune	B-PROC
modulation	I-PROC
.	O

Peak	O
of	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
NL63	I-SPEC
activity	O
often	O
appeared	O
during	O
the	O
summer	O
and	O
autumn	O
in	O
Chongqing	O
area	O
.	O

The	O
diagnosis	O
included	O
bronchial	B-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
,	O
bronchitis	B-DISO
,	O
interstitial	B-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
and	O
bronchiolitis	B-DISO
.	O

PTX3	B-PRGE
-	O
deficient	O
mice	B-SPEC
(	O
129	O
/	O
SvEv	O
/	O
C57BL6	O
/	O
J	O
)	O
and	O
their	O
wild	O
-	O
type	O
(	O
WT	O
)	O
littermates	O
were	O
intranasally	O
infected	O
MHV	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
.	O

Cytokine	O
expression	B-PROC
,	O
severity	O
of	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
,	O
leukocyte	B-ANAT
infiltration	B-DISO
and	O
inflammatory	B-DISO
responses	I-DISO
were	O
examined	O
in	O
vivo	O
.	O

C	O
-	O
arm	B-ANAT
CT	O
guidance	O
was	O
used	O
to	O
confirm	O
gas	B-ENZY
filling	O
of	O
the	O
target	O
vessels	B-ANAT
.	O

No	O
serious	O
complication	B-DISO
occurred	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Life	O
-	O
threatening	O
scrub	B-DISO
typhus	I-DISO
with	O
hemophagocytosis	B-DISO
and	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
in	O
an	O
infant	O
.	O

Here	O
,	O
we	O
present	O
the	O
case	O
of	O
an	O
8	O
-	O
month	O
-	O
old	O
boy	O
with	O
scrub	B-DISO
typhus	I-DISO
accompanied	O
by	O
hemophagocytic	B-DISO
lymphohistiocytosis	I-DISO
(	O
HLH	B-DISO
).	O

The	O
highest	O
expression	B-PROC
level	O
of	O
the	O
COE	O
-	O
Co1	B-PRGE
fusion	O
protein	B-CHED
reached	O
0	O
.	O
083	O
%	O
of	O
the	O
total	O
soluble	O
protein	B-CHED
according	O
to	O
quantitative	O
densitometry	O
of	O
Western	O
blot	O
analysis	O
.	O

These	O
results	O
indicated	O
that	O
oral	B-ANAT
immunization	O
of	O
plant	B-SPEC
-	O
produced	O
COE	O
-	O
Co1	B-PRGE
fusion	O
protein	B-CHED
could	O
elicit	O
efficient	O
systemic	O
and	O
mucosal	B-PROC
immune	I-PROC
responses	I-PROC
against	O
the	O
COE	B-PRGE
antigen	I-PRGE
.	O

The	O
approach	O
was	O
certainly	O
effective	O
as	O
no	O
secondary	O
infections	O
were	O
reported	O
in	O
hospitals	O
that	O
used	O
it	O
during	O
SARS	B-DISO
.	O

Using	O
the	O
example	O
of	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
outbreak	O
in	O
Canada	O
,	O
the	O
inter	O
-	O
relationships	O
between	O
evidence	O
and	O
ethics	O
are	O
explored	O
.	O

Acute	O
Physiology	O
and	O
Chronic	O
Health	O
Evaluation	O
II	O
,	O
Simplified	O
Acute	O
Physiology	O
Score	O
II	O
and	O
Sepsis	O
-	O
Related	O
Organ	B-DISO
Failure	I-DISO
Assessment	O
scoring	O
systems	O
were	O
unable	O
to	O
predict	O
the	O
outcome	O
of	O
the	O
patients	O
with	O
leptospirosis	B-DISO
-	O
associated	O
severe	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
hemorrhagic	O
syndrome	B-DISO
.	O

Our	O
results	O
suggest	O
that	O
PF4	B-PRGE
and	O
beta	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
TG	I-PRGE
may	O
also	O
play	O
similar	O
roles	O
in	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
in	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenation	B-PROC
for	O
critically	B-DISO
ill	I-DISO
patients	O
with	O
2009	O
influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
(	O
H1N1	O
)-	O
related	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
distress	O
syndrome	O
:	O
preliminary	O
experience	O
from	O
a	O
single	O
center	O
.	O

Four	O
patients	O
(	O
44	O
.	O
4	O
%)	O
died	B-PROC
while	O
undergoing	O
ECMO	O
.	O

Use	O
of	O
ECMO	O
for	O
critically	B-DISO
ill	I-DISO
patients	O
with	O
2009	O
influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
(	O
H1N1	O
)-	O
related	O
ARDS	B-DISO
is	O
feasible	O
and	O
effective	O
.	O

Two	O
hundred	O
and	O
three	O
patients	O
with	O
high	B-DISO
altitude	I-DISO
pulmonary	I-DISO
edema	I-DISO
(	O
HAPE	O
)	O
or	O
high	B-DISO
altitude	I-DISO
cerebral	I-DISO
edema	I-DISO
(	O
HACE	O
)	O
met	B-CHED
inclusion	O
criteria	O
were	O
included	O
,	O
and	O
were	O
randomly	O
divided	O
into	O
Bundle	O
treatment	O
group	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
125	O
)	O
and	O
conventional	O
treatment	O
control	O
group	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
78	O
).	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Bovine	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
BCoV	O
)	O
is	O
found	O
worldwide	O
and	O
causes	O
respiratory	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
and	O
diarrhoea	B-DISO
in	O
calves	O
and	O
adult	O
cattle	B-SPEC
.	O

In	O
the	O
Southern	O
and	O
Central	O
regions	O
,	O
several	O
genotypes	O
of	O
BCoV	O
circulated	O
contemporaneously	O
,	O
indicating	O
that	O
in	O
these	O
regions	O
,	O
which	O
had	O
a	O
higher	O
density	O
of	O
cattle	O
than	O
the	O
Northern	O
regions	O
,	O
more	O
extensive	O
transmission	O
of	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
was	O
occurring	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Regulatory	B-ANAT
T	I-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
in	O
arterivirus	B-SPEC
and	O
coronavirus	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
:	O
do	O
they	O
protect	O
against	O
disease	O
or	O
enhance	O
it	O
?	O

The	O
hallmark	O
of	O
T	O
(	O
regs	O
)	O
is	O
the	O
expression	B-PROC
of	O
the	O
forkhead	B-PRGE
box	I-PRGE
P3	I-PRGE
(	O
FoxP3	O
)	O
transcription	O
factor	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Protective	O
role	O
of	O
Toll	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
like	I-PRGE
Receptor	I-PRGE
3	I-PRGE
-	O
induced	O
type	B-PRGE
I	I-PRGE
interferon	I-PRGE
in	O
murine	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
infection	O
of	O
macrophages	B-ANAT
.	O

All	O
infants	O
were	O
treated	O
with	O
routine	O
therapy	O
for	O
Pneumocystis	B-SPEC
jiroveci	I-SPEC
and	O
bacterial	O
coinfection	B-DISO
.	O

However	O
,	O
in	O
addition	O
,	O
all	O
infants	O
received	O
ganciclovir	O
from	O
admission	O
until	O
the	O
cytomegalovirus	B-SPEC
viral	O
load	O
result	O
was	O
demonstrated	O
to	O
be	O
<	O
log	O
4	O
.	O

This	O
may	O
,	O
however	O
,	O
be	O
a	O
marker	O
of	O
as	O
yet	O
undefined	O
pathology	B-DISO
.	O

After	O
6	O
hours	O
of	O
HFNC	O
O	O
(	O
2	O
)	O
therapy	O
,	O
nonresponders	O
presented	O
a	O
lower	O
Pao	B-PROC
(	O
2	O
)/	O
fraction	O
of	O
inspired	B-PROC
oxygen	B-CHED
(	O
median	O
,	O
135	O
[	O
interquartile	O
range	O
,	O
84	O
-	O
210	O
]	O
vs	O
73	O
[	O
56	O
-	O
81	O
]	O
mm	O
Hg	O
P	O
<	O
.	O
05	O
)	O
and	O
needed	O
higher	O
oxygen	B-CHED
flow	O
rate	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Murine	B-SPEC
typhus	I-DISO
in	O
southern	O
Taiwan	O
during	O
1992	O
-	O
2009	O
.	O

In	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
81	O
cases	O
of	O
serologically	O
documented	O
murine	B-DISO
typhus	I-DISO
during	O
1992	O
-	O
2009	O
at	O
four	O
referral	O
hospitals	O
in	O
southern	O
Taiwan	O
were	O
analyzed	O
.	O

The	O
high	O
mortality	O
could	O
be	O
due	O
to	O
the	O
pre	O
-	O
existing	O
clinical	O
severity	O
of	O
cases	O
prior	O
to	O
request	O
for	O
peramivir	O
,	O
but	O
also	O
raises	O
questions	O
about	O
peramivir	O
safety	O
and	O
effectiveness	O
in	O
hospitalized	O
and	O
critically	B-DISO
ill	I-DISO
patients	O
.	O

From	O
1996	O
to	O
2010	O
,	O
19	O
patient	O
deaths	B-PROC
with	O
a	O
clinical	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
P	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
vivax	I-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
occurred	O
in	O
a	O
tertiary	O
care	O
center	O
in	O
the	O
Brazilian	O
Amazon	B-SPEC
.	O

Nested	O
polymerase	O
chain	O
reaction	O
was	O
performed	O
in	O
paraffinized	O
samples	O
of	O
spleen	B-ANAT
and	O
lung	B-ANAT
to	O
confirm	O
P	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
vivax	I-SPEC
monoinfection	O
.	O

Spleen	B-ANAT
rupture	O
(	O
3	O
cases	O
)	O
and	O
multiorgan	O
dysfunction	O
syndrome	B-DISO
(	O
3	O
cases	O
)	O
were	O
the	O
second	O
most	O
common	O
complications	O
.	O

Endotracheal	O
intubation	O
was	O
performed	O
but	O
complicated	O
by	O
a	O
distinct	O
resistance	B-PROC
.	O

Fiberoptic	O
bronchoscopy	O
in	O
the	O
hospital	O
finally	O
showed	O
a	O
bulk	O
of	O
granulomatous	O
tissue	B-ANAT
located	O
just	O
above	O
the	O
tracheal	B-ANAT
bifurcation	I-ANAT
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
During	O
the	O
retrotranscription	O
process	O
,	O
characteristic	O
of	O
all	O
retroviruses	B-SPEC
,	O
the	O
viral	O
ssRNA	O
genome	O
is	O
converted	O
into	O
integration	B-PROC
-	O
competent	O
dsDNA	O
.	O

This	O
paper	O
describes	O
the	O
HIV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
1	I-SPEC
RT	O
function	O
and	O
molecular	O
structure	O
,	O
illustrates	O
the	O
currently	O
approved	O
RTIs	O
,	O
and	O
focuses	O
on	O
the	O
mechanisms	O
of	O
action	O
of	O
the	O
newer	O
classes	O
of	O
RTIs	O
.	O

The	O
objective	O
of	O
the	O
present	O
study	O
was	O
to	O
describe	O
the	O
clinical	O
presentation	O
,	O
treatment	O
,	O
and	O
outcome	O
of	O
pleural	B-DISO
effusion	I-DISO
associated	O
with	O
OHSS	B-DISO
in	O
three	O
patients	O
undergoing	O
in	O
vitro	O
fertilization	B-PROC
.	O

The	O
onset	O
of	O
symptomatic	O
pleural	B-DISO
effusion	I-DISO
(	O
bilateral	O
in	O
all	O
cases	O
)	O
occurred	O
,	O
on	O
average	O
,	O
43	O
days	O
(	O
range	O
,	O
27	O
-	O
60	O
days	O
)	O
after	O
initiation	O
of	O
hormone	B-CHED
therapy	O
for	O
ovulation	B-PROC
induction	O
.	O

Additional	O
m	B-ENZY
-	I-ENZY
calpain	I-ENZY
knockdown	O
experiments	O
confirmed	O
the	O
dependence	B-DISO
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
replication	O
on	O
the	O
activity	O
of	O
the	O
cysteine	B-PRGE
protease	I-PRGE
m	B-ENZY
-	I-ENZY
calpain	I-ENZY
.	O

Taken	O
together	O
,	O
we	O
provide	O
strong	O
experimental	O
evidence	O
that	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
has	O
unique	O
replication	O
requirements	O
which	O
are	O
independent	O
of	O
functional	O
UPS	O
or	O
autophagy	B-PROC
pathways	B-PROC
compared	O
to	O
other	O
coronaviruses	O
.	O

V	O
-	O
type	O
H	O
+	O
ATPase	B-ENZY
inhibition	B-PROC
in	O
the	O
renal	B-ANAT
tubule	I-ANAT
has	O
been	O
demonstrated	O
.	O

We	O
hypothesize	O
that	O
Cordyceps	B-SPEC
has	O
beneficial	O
effects	O
on	O
lung	B-DISO
fibrosis	I-DISO
and	O
the	O
objective	O
of	O
this	O
study	O
is	O
to	O
explore	O
the	O
target	O
(	O
s	O
)	O
of	O
Cordyceps	B-SPEC
in	O
the	O
relief	O
of	O
lung	B-DISO
fibrosis	I-DISO
in	O
animal	B-SPEC
and	O
cell	B-COMP
models	O
and	O
to	O
gain	O
insight	O
into	O
its	O
underlying	O
mechanisms	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
:	O
the	O
Berlin	O
Definition	O
.	O

The	O
model	O
for	O
CBP	B-PRGE
was	O
continuous	O
veno	O
-	O
venous	B-ANAT
hemofiltration	O
dialysis	B-SPEC
(	O
CVVHDF	O
).	O

CBP	B-PRGE
treatment	O
persisted	O
for	O
at	O
least	O
8	O
hours	O
and	O
replacement	O
+	O
dialysis	B-SPEC
fluid	O
dose	O
was	O
35	O
-	O
100	O
ml	O
/(	O
kg	O
·	O
h	O
).	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
CBP	B-PRGE
adjuvant	B-CHED
treatment	O
for	O
ALI	O
/	O
ARDS	B-DISO
could	O
reduce	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
edema	I-DISO
,	O
improve	O
PaO2	O
/	O
FiO2	O
and	O
Cdyn	O
,	O
and	O
improve	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
parameters	O
.	O

Demographics	O
(	O
body	B-ANAT
weigh	O
,	O
age	O
,	O
gender	O
,	O
VSD	B-DISO
diameter	O
)	O
and	O
clinical	O
characteristics	O
(	O
CPB	O
time	O
,	O
oxygenation	B-PROC
index	O
,	O
mean	O
airway	B-ANAT
pressure	O
,	O
pH	O
and	O
PCO2	O
)	O
of	O
all	O
the	O
patients	O
were	O
collected	O
,	O
and	O
statistical	O
analysis	O
was	O
done	O
to	O
compare	O
the	O
data	O
between	O
treatment	O
and	O
control	O
group	O
.	O

Demographics	O
(	O
body	B-ANAT
weigh	O
,	O
age	O
,	O
gender	O
,	O
VSD	B-DISO
diameter	O
)	O
and	O
clinical	O
characteristics	O
(	O
CPB	O
time	O
,	O
oxygenation	B-PROC
index	O
,	O
mean	O
airway	B-ANAT
pressure	O
,	O
pH	O
and	O
PCO2	O
)	O
of	O
all	O
the	O
patients	O
were	O
collected	O
,	O
and	O
statistical	O
analysis	O
was	O
done	O
to	O
compare	O
the	O
data	O
between	O
treatment	O
and	O
control	O
group	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Mechanically	O
ventilated	O
children	O
with	O
2009	O
pandemic	O
influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
/	O
H1N1	O
:	O
results	O
from	O
the	O
National	O
Pediatric	O
Intensive	O
Care	O
Registry	O
in	O
Japan	O
.	O

Forty	O
-	O
one	O
patients	O
(	O
50	O
%)	O
had	O
at	O
least	O
one	O
underlying	O
chronic	O
condition	O
,	O
including	O
31	O
with	O
asthma	B-PATH
.	O

Acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
occurred	O
in	O
79	O
subjects	O
(	O
35	O
%)	O
belonging	O
to	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
cohort	O
and	O
in	O
423	O
subjects	O
(	O
24	O
%)	O
from	O
the	O
validation	O
cohort	O
.	O

Multivariable	O
predictors	O
of	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
after	O
trauma	O
included	O
subject	O
age	O
,	O
Acute	O
Physiology	O
and	O
Chronic	O
Health	O
Evaluation	O
II	O
Score	O
,	O
injury	O
severity	O
score	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
blunt	O
traumatic	O
injury	O
,	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
contusion	O
,	O
massive	O
transfusion	O
,	O
and	O
flail	B-DISO
chest	I-DISO
injury	O
(	O
area	O
under	O
the	O
receiver	O
operator	O
characteristic	O
curve	O
0	O
.	O
79	O
[	O
95	O
%	O
confidence	O
interval	O
0	O
.	O
73	O
,	O
0	O
.	O
85	O
]).	O

From	O
July	O
to	O
October	O
2009	O
,	O
101	O
cases	O
suspected	O
of	O
suffering	B-DISO
from	O
Pandemic	O
Influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
(	O
H1N1	O
)	O
virus	B-SPEC
were	O
admitted	O
and	O
isolated	O
in	O
Al	O
Nahdha	O
Hospital	O
in	O
Muscat	O
.	O

The	O
most	O
common	O
presenting	O
symptoms	O
were	O
fever	B-PROC
(	O
95	O
%)	O
and	O
cough	B-DISO
(	O
94	O
%).	O

Fecal	B-ANAT
samples	O
collected	O
within	O
24	O
hours	O
after	O
admission	O
from	O
50	O
cats	B-SPEC
with	O
normal	O
feces	B-ANAT
and	O
50	O
cats	B-SPEC
with	O
diarrhea	B-DISO
were	O
tested	O
by	O
fecal	B-ANAT
flotation	O
,	O
antigen	B-CHED
testing	O
,	O
PCR	O
assay	O
,	O
and	O
electron	O
microscopy	O
for	O
selected	O
enteropathogens	O
.	O

Other	O
enteropathogens	O
identified	O
in	O
cats	B-SPEC
with	O
and	O
without	O
diarrhea	B-DISO
included	O
Clostridium	B-SPEC
perfringens	I-SPEC
enterotoxin	O
A	O
(	O
42	O
%	O
and	O
50	O
%,	O
respectively	O
),	O
Cryptosporidium	B-SPEC
spp	B-ENZY
(	O
10	O
%	O
and	O
20	O
%,	O
respectively	O
),	O
Giardia	B-DISO
spp	B-ENZY
(	O
20	O
%	O
and	O
8	O
%,	O
respectively	O
),	O
Cystoisospora	B-SPEC
spp	B-ENZY
(	O
14	O
%	O
and	O
10	O
%,	O
respectively	O
),	O
hookworms	B-SPEC
(	O
10	O
%	O
and	O
18	O
%,	O
respectively	O
),	O
ascarids	O
(	O
6	O
%	O
and	O
16	O
%,	O
respectively	O
),	O
Salmonella	B-DISO
spp	B-ENZY
(	O
6	O
%	O
and	O
4	O
%,	O
respectively	O
),	O
astrovirus	O
(	O
8	O
%	O
and	O
2	O
%,	O
respectively	O
),	O
feline	B-SPEC
panleukopenia	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
4	O
%	O
and	O
4	O
%,	O
respectively	O
),	O
calicivirus	O
(	O
0	O
%	O
and	O
2	O
%,	O
respectively	O
),	O
and	O
Spirometra	B-SPEC
spp	B-ENZY
(	O
0	O
%	O
and	O
2	O
%,	O
respectively	O
).	O

100	O
dogs	B-SPEC
evaluated	O
at	O
an	O
open	O
-	O
admission	O
municipal	O
animal	B-SPEC
shelter	O
in	O
Florida	O
.	O

Feces	B-ANAT
were	O
tested	O
by	O
fecal	B-ANAT
flotation	O
,	O
antigen	B-CHED
testing	O
,	O
PCR	O
assay	O
,	O
and	O
electron	O
microscopy	O
for	O
selected	O
enteropathogens	O
.	O

Dogs	B-SPEC
with	O
diarrhea	B-DISO
were	O
significantly	O
more	O
likely	O
to	O
be	O
infected	O
with	O
≥	O
1	O
enteropathogens	O
(	O
96	O
%)	O
than	O
were	O
dogs	B-SPEC
with	O
normal	O
feces	B-ANAT
(	O
78	O
%).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Respiratory	O
virus	B-SPEC
detection	O
in	O
immunocompromised	O
patients	O
with	O
FilmArray	O
respiratory	O
panel	O
compared	O
to	O
conventional	O
methods	O
.	O

It	O
is	O
classified	O
as	O
a	O
class	B-SPEC
I	O
fusion	O
protein	B-CHED
,	O
and	O
is	O
responsible	O
for	O
binding	B-FUNC
to	O
the	O
receptor	O
on	O
the	O
host	B-COMP
cell	I-COMP
as	O
well	O
as	O
mediating	O
the	O
fusion	O
of	O
host	B-COMP
and	O
viral	O
membranes	B-ANAT
-	O
A	O
process	O
driven	O
by	O
major	O
conformational	O
changes	O
of	O
the	O
S	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
.	O

Sixty	O
-	O
seven	O
percent	O
had	O
an	O
underlying	O
medical	O
conditions	O
,	O
including	O
diabetes	B-DISO
,	O
obesity	B-DISO
,	O
heart	B-ANAT
and	I-ANAT
lung	I-ANAT
diseases	O
,	O
and	O
pregnancy	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Zinc	O
has	O
been	O
shown	O
to	O
mediate	O
antiviral	B-CHED
effects	O
against	O
certain	O
viruses	B-SPEC
.	O

In	O
common	O
to	O
other	O
viroporins	B-PRGE
,	I-PRGE
coronavirus	I-PRGE
envelope	B-COMP
proteins	B-CHED
increase	O
membrane	B-PROC
permeability	I-PROC
to	O
ions	B-CHED
.	O

Although	O
an	O
NMR	O
-	O
based	O
model	O
for	O
the	O
TM	O
domain	O
of	O
the	O
E	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
in	O
the	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
E	O
)	O
has	O
been	O
reported	O
,	O
structural	O
data	O
and	O
biophysical	O
studies	O
of	O
full	O
length	O
E	O
proteins	B-CHED
are	O
not	O
available	O
because	O
efficient	O
expression	B-PROC
and	O
purification	O
methods	O
for	O
these	O
proteins	B-CHED
are	O
lacking	O
.	O

This	O
is	O
an	O
approach	O
that	O
can	O
be	O
used	O
in	O
other	O
difficult	O
hydrophobic	O
peptides	B-CHED
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
accessory	O
proteins	B-CHED
6	O
and	O
9b	O
interact	O
in	O
vivo	O
.	O

The	O
experiences	O
of	O
regional	O
countries	O
with	O
prevention	O
and	O
control	O
of	O
avian	B-DISO
influenza	I-DISO
,	O
SARS	B-DISO
have	O
reinforced	O
the	O
need	O
for	O
sustained	O
,	O
well	O
-	O
coordinated	O
,	O
multi	O
-	O
sector	O
,	O
multi	O
-	O
disciplinary	O
,	O
community	O
-	O
based	O
actions	O
to	O
address	O
emerging	O
disease	O
threats	O
.	O
'	O

There	O
were	O
156	O
cases	O
:	O
P	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
vivax	I-SPEC
105	O
(	O
67	O
.	O
3	O
%),	O
P	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
falciparum	I-SPEC
39	O
(	O
25	O
%)	O
and	O
mixed	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
12	O
(	O
7	O
.	O
7	O
%).	O

Thrombocytopenia	O
(	O
platelet	B-ANAT
count	O
<	O
150	O
×	O
10	O
(	O
9	O
)/	O
L	O
)	O
was	O
present	O
in	O
90	O
(	O
85	O
.	O
7	O
%)	O
patients	O
with	O
P	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
vivax	I-SPEC
mono	B-DISO
-	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

We	O
collected	O
data	O
on	O
demographics	O
,	O
comorbidities	O
,	O
hemodynamic	B-PROC
parameters	O
,	O
and	O
ventilatory	O
support	O
used	O
before	O
ECLS	O
.	O

Overall	O
,	O
5	O
of	O
the	O
8	O
patients	O
(	O
63	O
%)	O
survived	O
to	O
discharge	B-ANAT
.	O

AGP	O
-	O
positive	O
leucocytes	B-ANAT
can	O
be	O
found	O
in	O
feline	B-SPEC
blood	B-ANAT
,	O
especially	O
during	O
inflammation	B-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
A	O
broad	O
spectrum	O
of	O
pathogens	O
is	O
causative	O
for	O
respiratory	B-DISO
tract	I-DISO
infections	I-DISO
,	O
but	O
symptoms	O
are	O
mostly	O
similar	O
.	O

The	O
analytical	O
sensitivity	O
of	O
three	O
multiplex	O
PCR	O
assays	O
,	O
RespiFinder	O
-	O
19	O
,	O
RespiFinder	O
-	O
SMART	O
-	O
22	O
and	O
xTAG	O
-	O
Respiratory	O
-	O
Virus	B-SPEC
-	O
Panel	O
-	O
Fast	B-FUNC
-	O
Assay	O
(	O
RVP	O
),	O
were	O
compared	O
to	O
monoplex	B-SPEC
real	O
-	O
time	O
PCR	O
with	O
quantified	O
standardized	O
control	O
material	O
.	O

Concordant	O
results	O
were	O
received	O
for	O
rhinovirus	B-SPEC
,	O
whereas	O
the	O
RVP	O
detected	O
influenzavirus	B-SPEC
,	O
RSV	B-SPEC
and	O
hMPV	B-SPEC
more	O
frequently	O
in	O
low	O
concentrations	O
.	O

The	O
detection	O
of	O
all	O
13	O
viruses	B-SPEC
in	O
one	O
sample	O
was	O
only	O
achieved	O
using	O
monoplex	B-SPEC
PCR	O
.	O

To	O
analyze	O
possible	O
competitive	O
amplification	B-DISO
reactions	O
between	O
the	O
different	O
viruses	B-SPEC
,	O
samples	O
were	O
further	O
inoculated	O
with	O
only	O
4	O
different	O
viruses	B-SPEC
in	O
one	O
sample	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Airway	B-ANAT
pressure	O
release	B-PATH
ventilation	O
(	O
APRV	O
)	O
is	O
an	O
alternative	O
approach	O
to	O
the	O
low	O
-	O
tidal	O
volume	O
""""	O
open	O
-	O
lung	B-ANAT
""""	O
ventilation	O
strategy	O
.	O

APRV	O
is	O
associated	O
with	O
a	O
higher	O
mean	O
airway	B-ANAT
pressure	O
than	O
conventional	O
ventilation	O
and	O
has	O
therefore	O
not	O
been	O
evaluated	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
acute	O
neurological	O
injuries	O
.	O

The	O
ion	O
conductance	O
was	O
also	O
controlled	O
by	O
the	O
lipid	B-CHED
composition	O
of	O
the	O
membrane	B-COMP
.	O

Lipid	B-CHED
charge	O
also	O
regulated	O
the	O
selectivity	O
of	O
a	O
HCoV	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
229E	I-PRGE
E	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
derived	I-PRGE
peptide	B-CHED
.	O

These	O
results	O
suggested	O
that	O
the	O
lipids	B-CHED
are	O
functionally	O
involved	O
in	O
E	O
protein	O
ion	B-FUNC
channel	I-FUNC
activity	I-FUNC
,	O
forming	O
a	O
protein	B-CHED
-	O
lipid	B-CHED
pore	B-COMP
,	O
a	O
novel	O
concept	O
for	O
CoV	B-PRGE
E	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
ion	O
channel	O
entity	O
.	O

The	O
epidemic	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
in	O
2003	O
,	O
re	O
-	O
emergence	O
of	O
a	O
panzootic	O
of	O
avian	B-DISO
influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
H5N1	B-DISO
in	O
2005	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
sudden	O
emergence	O
of	O
pandemic	O
H1N1	O
in	O
North	O
America	O
in	O
2009	O
all	O
highlighted	O
the	O
importance	O
of	O
shared	O
global	O
responsibility	O
for	O
surveillance	O
and	O
disease	O
control	O
.	O

To	O
explore	O
the	O
distribution	O
of	O
BtCoVs	O
in	O
the	O
Philippines	O
,	O
we	O
collected	O
179	O
bats	B-SPEC
and	O
detected	O
viral	O
RNA	O
from	O
intestinal	B-ANAT
or	O
fecal	B-ANAT
samples	O
by	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
.	O

Experimental	O
part	O
of	O
work	O
was	O
carried	O
out	O
on	O
59	O
mice	B-SPEC
with	O
induced	O
peritonitis	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Genomic	O
analysis	O
of	O
16	O
Colorado	O
human	B-SPEC
NL63	O
coronaviruses	O
identifies	O
a	O
new	O
genotype	O
,	O
high	O
sequence	O
diversity	O
in	O
the	O
N	O
-	O
terminal	O
domain	O
of	O
the	O
spike	O
gene	O
and	O
evidence	O
of	O
recombination	O
.	O

From	O
1	O
January	O
2009	O
to	O
31	O
December	O
2011	O
,	O
92	O
of	O
9380	O
respiratory	O
specimens	O
were	O
found	O
to	O
be	O
positive	O
for	O
NL63	B-PRGE
RNA	I-PRGE
by	O
PCR	O
,	O
an	O
overall	O
prevalence	O
of	O
1	O
%.	O

Out	O
of	O
the	O
studied	O
172	O
infants	O
,	O
33	O
infants	O
(	O
19	O
.	O
2	O
%)	O
developed	O
ROP	B-DISO
in	O
one	O
or	O
both	O
eyes	B-ANAT
;	O
18	O
(	O
54	O
.	O
5	O
%)	O
cases	O
stage	O
1	O
,	O
9	O
(	O
27	O
.	O
3	O
%)	O
cases	O
stage	O
2	O
,	O
and	O
6	O
(	O
18	O
.	O
2	O
%)	O
cases	O
stage	O
3	O
.	O

The	O
prevalence	O
of	O
ROP	B-DISO
in	O
this	O
study	O
was	O
19	O
.	O
2	O
%;	O
low	O
gestational	O
age	O
,	O
sepsis	B-DISO
,	O
oxygen	B-CHED
therapy	O
,	O
and	O
frequent	O
blood	B-ANAT
transfusions	O
were	O
significant	O
risk	O
factors	O
for	O
ROP	B-DISO
.	O

As	O
this	O
is	O
a	O
unit	O
-	O
based	O
study	O
,	O
a	O
comprehensive	O
countrywide	O
survey	O
on	O
ROP	B-DISO
in	O
Egypt	O
is	O
recommended	O
to	O
determine	O
any	O
regional	O
differences	O
in	O
disease	O
prevalence	O
.	O

There	O
were	O
no	O
differences	O
in	O
venous	B-PROC
oxygen	B-CHED
saturation	I-PROC
and	O
pulmonary	B-PROC
vascular	B-ANAT
resistance	I-PROC
between	O
the	O
groups	O
.	O

Inspiratory	B-PROC
P	O
(	O
el	O
)/	O
V	O
curves	O
recorded	O
from	O
PEEP	B-CHED
or	O
,	O
even	O
better	O
,	O
expiratory	B-PROC
P	O
(	O
el	O
)/	O
V	O
curves	O
allow	O
monitoring	O
in	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

There	O
were	O
no	O
differences	O
in	O
venous	B-PROC
oxygen	B-CHED
saturation	I-PROC
and	O
pulmonary	B-PROC
vascular	B-ANAT
resistance	I-PROC
between	O
the	O
groups	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Infections	B-DISO
in	O
pediatrics	O
:	O
old	O
and	O
new	O
diseases	O
.	O

Finally	O
,	O
new	O
emerging	O
paediatric	O
infectious	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
caused	O
by	O
newly	O
discovered	O
viruses	B-SPEC
,	O
such	O
as	O
human	B-SPEC
metapneumovirus	I-SPEC
,	O
human	B-SPEC
bocavirus	I-SPEC
,	O
or	O
human	B-PRGE
coronavirus	I-PRGE
NL63	I-PRGE
are	O
explored	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
The	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	O
)	O
is	O
an	O
important	O
cause	O
of	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
that	O
is	O
often	O
associated	O
with	O
multiple	B-DISO
organ	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Infections	B-DISO
with	O
human	B-SPEC
coronaviruses	O
NL63	O
and	O
OC43	O
among	O
hospitalised	O
and	O
outpatient	O
individuals	O
in	O
São	O
Paulo	O
,	O
Brazil	O
.	O

To	O
identify	O
the	O
HCoVs	O
,	O
pancoronavirus	O
and	O
species	B-SPEC
-	O
specific	O
reverse	O
-	O
transcriptase	B-PROC
polymerase	O
chain	O
reaction	O
assays	O
were	O
performed	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
RNA	O
virus	O
evolution	B-PROC
results	O
from	O
viral	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
fidelity	O
and	O
mutational	O
robustness	O
in	O
combination	O
with	O
selection	O
.	O

One	O
clinical	O
diagnostic	O
criterion	O
for	O
ARDS	B-DISO
is	O
the	O
P	O
(	O
a	O
)	O
O	O
(	O
2	O
):	O
F	O
(	O
i	O
)	O
O	O
(	O
2	O
)	O
ratio	O
,	O
which	O
is	O
an	O
index	O
of	O
alveolar	B-ANAT
gas	B-ENZY
exchange	O
.	O

After	O
15	O
minutes	O
exposure	O
to	O
room	O
air	B-CHED
(	O
F	O
(	O
i	O
)	O
O	O
(	O
2	O
)	O
=	O
0	O
·	O
21	O
)	O
or	O
100	O
%	O
O	O
(	O
2	O
)	O
(	O
F	O
(	O
i	O
)	O
O	O
(	O
2	O
)	O
=	O
1	O
·	O
0	O
),	O
carotid	B-ANAT
P	O
(	O
a	O
)	O
O	O
(	O
2	O
)	O
was	O
measured	O
.	O

To	O
determine	O
influenza	B-DISO
effects	O
on	O
P	O
(	O
a	O
)	O
O	O
(	O
2	O
):	O
F	O
(	O
i	O
)	O
O	O
(	O
2	O
),	O
mice	B-SPEC
were	O
challenged	O
with	O
10	O
,	O
000	O
p	O
.	O
f	O
..	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Breastfeeding	B-PROC
:	O
the	O
importance	O
of	O
intervening	O
].	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Breast	B-ANAT
milk	I-ANAT
is	O
considered	O
by	O
the	O
WHO	O
the	O
ideal	O
food	O
for	O
the	O
first	O
months	O
of	O
life	O
.	O

We	O
also	O
found	O
long	O
-	O
term	O
benefits	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
for	O
obesity	B-DISO
(	O
7	O
-	O
24	O
%)	O
and	O
other	O
cardiovascular	B-ANAT
risk	O
factors	O
in	O
adulthood	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Breast	B-ANAT
-	O
feeding	O
is	O
clearly	O
associated	O
with	O
benefits	O
to	O
the	O
infant	O
,	O
including	O
significant	O
protective	O
effects	O
for	O
gastrointestinal	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
(	O
64	O
%),	O
middle	B-ANAT
ear	I-ANAT
(	O
23	O
-	O
50	O
%),	O
severe	O
respiratory	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
(	O
73	O
%)	O
and	O
for	O
acute	B-DISO
lymphocytic	I-DISO
leukemia	I-DISO
(	O
19	O
%)	O
and	O
sudden	B-DISO
death	I-DISO
syndrome	B-DISO
in	O
infants	O
(	O
36	O
%).	O

BALB	O
/	O
c	O
mice	B-SPEC
were	O
immunostimulated	O
with	O
the	O
purified	O
recombinant	B-PRGE
N	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
expressed	B-PROC
by	O
Bac	O
-	O
to	O
-	O
Bac	O
baculovirus	B-SPEC
expression	B-PROC
system	O
.	O

mAbs	O
against	O
N	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
of	O
MHV	O
with	O
high	O
activity	O
and	O
specificity	O
were	O
prepared	O
successfully	O
,	O
which	O
provides	O
a	O
potential	O
basis	O
for	O
further	O
researches	O
on	O
N	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
function	O
and	O
diagnostic	O
methods	O
.	O

Western	O
blotting	O
showed	O
that	O
the	O
mAbs	O
specifically	O
recognized	O
certain	O
antigenic	O
epitope	B-CHED
of	O
N	O
protein	B-CHED
of	O
MHV	B-SPEC
.	O

Both	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
6	I-FUNC
and	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
8	I-FUNC
were	O
associated	O
with	O
decreased	O
VFDs	O
and	O
increased	O
28	O
-	O
day	O
mortality	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Acute	O
lung	O
injury	O
and	O
the	O
more	O
severe	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
represent	O
a	O
spectrum	O
of	O
lung	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
characterized	O
by	O
the	O
sudden	O
onset	O
of	O
inflammatory	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
edema	B-DISO
secondary	I-DISO
to	O
myriad	O
local	O
or	O
systemic	O
insults	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
In	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
(	O
ALI	O
)	O
or	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
the	O
prone	O
position	O
has	O
been	O
shown	O
to	O
improve	O
survival	O
of	O
patients	O
who	O
are	O
severely	O
hypoxemic	O
with	O
an	O
arterial	B-ANAT
oxygen	B-PROC
tension	B-DISO
to	O
inspiratory	B-PROC
oxygen	B-CHED
fraction	O
ratio	O
(	O
PaO	B-PROC
(	O
2	O
)/	O
FiO	O
(	O
2	O
))<	O
100	O
.	O

However	O
decision	O
making	O
about	O
bronchoscopy	O
in	O
severe	O
hypoxia	B-DISO
should	O
be	O
even	O
more	O
cautious	O
than	O
in	O
the	O
supine	O
patient	O
,	O
as	O
dangerous	O
delay	O
in	O
resuscitation	O
manoeuvres	O
due	O
to	O
postponed	O
switching	O
the	O
patient	O
to	O
the	O
supine	O
position	O
should	O
always	O
be	O
prevented	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Respiratory	B-DISO
distress	I-DISO
develops	O
in	O
up	O
to	O
25	O
%	O
of	O
adults	O
and	O
40	O
%	O
of	O
children	O
with	O
severe	O
falciparum	O
malaria	O
.	O

Mechanical	O
ventilation	O
can	O
save	O
life	O
in	O
ALI	O
/	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
use	O
of	O
lung	B-ANAT
-	O
protective	O
ventilation	O
has	O
helped	O
to	O
reduce	O
mortality	O
from	O
malaria	B-PATH
-	O
induced	O
ALI	O
/	O
ARDS	B-DISO
,	O
but	O
permissive	O
hypercapnia	B-DISO
in	O
unconscious	O
patients	O
is	O
not	O
recommended	O
because	O
increased	B-DISO
intracranial	I-DISO
pressure	I-DISO
and	O
cerebral	B-ANAT
swelling	B-DISO
may	O
occur	O
in	O
cerebral	B-DISO
malaria	B-PATH
.	O

Not	O
detected	O
were	O
Coronavirus	B-SPEC
,	O
Cardiovirus	B-SPEC
,	O
Cosavirus	B-SPEC
,	O
Salivirus	B-SPEC
,	O
Sapovirus	B-SPEC
,	O
and	O
Norovirus	B-SPEC
.	O

Four	O
nonpolio	O
enterovirus	B-SPEC
genotypes	O
were	O
also	O
detected	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
coronaviruses	O
(	O
CoVs	O
)	O
are	O
enveloped	O
viruses	B-SPEC
of	O
animals	B-SPEC
and	O
humans	B-SPEC
associated	O
mostly	O
with	O
enteric	O
and	O
respiratory	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
,	O
such	O
as	O
the	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
and	O
10	O
-	O
20	O
%	O
of	O
all	O
common	B-DISO
colds	I-DISO
.	O

Comparison	O
of	O
the	O
RBDs	O
of	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
and	O
PRCV	O
to	O
those	O
of	O
other	O
related	O
CoVs	O
,	O
suggests	O
that	O
the	O
conformation	O
of	O
the	O
S	B-PRGE
receptor	I-PRGE
-	O
binding	B-FUNC
region	O
determines	O
cell	B-COMP
entry	O
receptor	O
specificity	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
regulates	O
immune	B-PROC
function	I-PROC
-	O
related	O
gene	B-PROC
expression	I-PROC
in	O
human	B-SPEC
monocytic	B-ANAT
cells	B-COMP
.	O

However	O
,	O
topical	O
antibiotics	B-CHED
are	O
rarely	O
associated	O
with	O
the	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

However	O
,	O
monotherapy	O
with	O
NAIs	B-SPEC
is	O
insufficient	O
for	O
severe	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
secondary	O
to	O
influenza	B-SPEC
virus	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
.	O

We	O
previously	O
demonstrated	O
that	O
mice	B-SPEC
infected	O
with	O
a	O
lethal	O
dose	O
of	O
influenza	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
develop	O
diffuse	B-DISO
alveolar	I-DISO
damage	I-DISO
(	O
DAD	O
)	O
with	O
alveolar	B-ANAT
collapse	B-DISO
similar	O
to	O
that	O
seen	O
in	O
ARDS	B-DISO
in	O
humans	B-SPEC
.	O

Therefore	O
,	O
the	O
present	O
study	O
examined	O
whether	O
combination	O
therapy	O
of	O
NAI	B-CHED
with	O
exogenous	O
artificial	O
surfactant	B-CHED
affects	O
mortality	O
of	O
influenza	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
-	O
infected	O
mice	B-SPEC
.	O

The	O
mice	B-SPEC
were	O
additionally	O
administered	O
exogenous	O
artificial	O
surfactant	B-CHED
in	O
the	O
presence	O
or	O
absence	O
of	O
a	O
new	O
NAI	B-CHED
,	O
laninamivir	O
octanoate	B-CHED
.	O

This	O
combination	O
could	O
be	O
effective	O
for	O
prevention	O
of	O
severe	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
secondary	O
to	O
influenza	B-SPEC
virus	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
in	O
humans	B-SPEC
,	O
which	O
is	O
not	O
improved	O
by	O
NAI	B-CHED
monotherapy	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Contribution	O
of	O
IL	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
17	I-PROC
to	O
mouse	B-DISO
hepatitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
strain	O
3	O
-	O
induced	O
acute	B-DISO
liver	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Unique	O
disorders	O
appear	O
episodically	O
in	O
human	B-SPEC
populations	O
and	O
cause	O
life	O
-	O
threatening	O
systemic	O
or	O
neurological	O
disease	O
.	O

Here	O
,	O
alignments	O
of	O
transmembrane	B-COMP
domains	O
(	O
TMDs	O
)	O
of	O
viral	O
channel	O
forming	O
proteins	B-CHED
with	O
host	B-COMP
ion	B-FUNC
channels	I-FUNC
and	O
toxins	B-CHED
are	O
evaluated	O
.	O

The	O
following	O
representatives	O
of	O
polytopic	O
viral	O
channel	O
proteins	B-CHED
are	O
chosen	O
:	O
(	O
i	O
)	O
p7	O
of	O
HCV	B-SPEC
and	O
2B	O
of	O
Polio	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
two	O
TMDs	O
)	O
and	O
(	O
ii	O
)	O
3a	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
(	O
three	O
TMDs	O
).	O

Using	O
ClustalW2	O
,	O
each	O
of	O
the	O
TMDs	O
of	O
the	O
viral	O
channels	O
is	O
aligned	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
overlap	O
is	O
mapped	O
onto	O
structural	O
models	O
of	O
the	O
host	B-COMP
channels	O
and	O
toxins	B-CHED
focusing	O
on	O
the	O
pore	B-COMP
-	O
lining	O
TMDs	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Secretory	O
and	O
membrane	B-COMP
proteins	B-CHED
attain	O
their	O
native	O
structure	O
in	O
the	O
endoplasmic	B-COMP
reticulum	I-COMP
(	O
ER	O
).	O

Folding	O
-	O
defective	O
polypeptides	B-CHED
are	O
selected	O
for	O
degradation	O
by	O
processes	O
collectively	O
defined	O
as	O
ER	O
-	O
associated	O
degradation	O
(	O
ERAD	B-PROC
).	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Clara	O
cell	O
protein	B-CHED
16	O
(	O
CC16	B-PRGE
)	O
has	O
recently	O
gained	O
acceptance	O
as	O
a	O
blood	B-ANAT
biomarker	B-CHED
for	O
detecting	O
direct	O
and	O
indirect	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
.	O

In	O
the	O
latter	O
patients	O
,	O
median	O
CC16	O
serum	B-COMP
levels	O
were	O
significantly	O
elevated	O
(	O
14	O
.	O
5	O
ng	O
/	O
mL	O
)	O
at	O
the	O
onset	O
of	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
compared	O
with	O
their	O
levels	O
(	O
7	O
.	O
3	O
ng	O
/	O
mL	O
)	O
1	O
day	O
before	O
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
Our	O
results	O
confirm	O
the	O
previously	O
described	O
association	O
between	O
initial	O
elevation	O
in	O
CC16	O
serum	B-COMP
levels	O
and	O
severe	O
thoracic	B-DISO
injury	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
multiple	O
injuries	O
.	O

The	O
EPEC	O
P86	O
-	O
1390	O
and	O
other	O
well	O
-	O
characterised	O
porcine	B-SPEC
EPEC	O
strains	O
were	O
applied	O
to	O
54	O
pigs	B-SPEC
,	O
leaving	O
41	O
weaned	B-PROC
pigs	B-SPEC
as	O
negative	O
controls	O
.	O

A	O
total	O
of	O
41	O
weaned	B-PROC
pigs	B-SPEC
served	O
as	O
negative	O
controls	O
inoculated	O
with	O
a	O
commensal	O
porcine	B-SPEC
E	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
coli	I-SPEC
.	O

The	O
highest	O
IBV	B-SPEC
codon	O
adaptation	B-PROC
index	O
(	O
CAI	O
)	O
value	O
was	O
0	O
.	O
7	O
,	O
indicating	O
a	O
distant	O
virus	B-SPEC
versus	O
host	B-COMP
synonymous	O
codons	O
usage	O
.	O

The	O
low	O
CAI	O
values	O
agree	O
with	O
a	O
low	O
S	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
expression	B-PROC
and	O
considering	O
that	O
S	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
is	O
a	O
determinant	O
for	O
attachment	O
and	O
neutralization	O
,	O
this	O
could	O
be	O
a	O
further	O
mechanism	O
besides	O
mRNA	O
transcription	B-PROC
attenuation	O
for	O
a	O
low	O
expression	B-PROC
of	O
this	O
protein	B-CHED
leading	O
to	O
an	O
immune	O
camouflage	O
.	O

Although	O
MV	O
is	O
necessary	O
for	O
the	O
treatment	O
of	O
severe	O
hypoxemia	O
it	O
causes	O
damage	O
not	O
only	O
in	O
the	O
lungs	B-ANAT
but	O
also	O
in	O
other	O
organs	B-ANAT
due	O
to	O
a	O
secondary	O
inflammatory	O
process	O
in	O
the	O
lungs	B-ANAT
.	O

6	O
.	O
91	O
years	O
);	O
affiliated	O
with	O
Apnea	B-DISO
Academy	O
,	O
(	O
International	O
School	O
for	O
Education	O
and	O
Research	O
of	O
Free	O
-	O
Diving	O
).	O

The	O
source	O
,	O
a	O
gamma	O
unit	O
containing	O
Cobalt	B-CHED
-	O
60	O
pencils	O
,	O
was	O
improperly	O
disposed	O
of	O
by	O
a	O
research	O
institution	O
in	O
violation	O
of	O
national	O
regulations	O
for	O
radiation	O
protection	O
and	O
safety	O
of	O
radioactive	O
sources	O
.	O

This	O
event	O
subsequently	O
caused	O
the	O
most	O
severe	O
radiation	O
accident	O
reported	O
in	O
India	O
to	O
date	O
,	O
resulting	O
in	O
seven	O
radiation	O
injuries	O
and	O
one	O
death	B-PROC
.	O

Texas	O
Veterinary	O
Medical	O
Diagnostic	O
Laboratory	O
current	O
methods	O
for	O
calf	B-ANAT
diarrhea	B-DISO
pathogen	O
identification	O
include	O
electron	O
microscopy	O
(	O
EM	O
)	O
for	O
BCV	B-SPEC
and	O
BRV	B-DISO
and	O
a	O
direct	O
fluorescent	O
antibody	B-COMP
test	O
(	O
DFAT	O
)	O
for	O
organism	O
detection	O
of	O
Cryptosporidium	B-SPEC
spp	B-ENZY
.	O

The	O
results	O
demonstrate	O
that	O
the	O
newly	O
developed	O
assay	O
can	O
purify	O
and	O
subsequently	O
detect	O
BCV	B-SPEC
,	O
BRV	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
Cryptosporidium	B-SPEC
spp	B-ENZY
.	O

All	O
compounds	O
were	O
highly	O
effective	O
against	O
the	O
majority	O
of	O
tested	O
viruses	B-SPEC
,	O
with	O
half	O
-	O
maximal	O
inhibitory	O
concentrations	O
in	O
the	O
high	O
nanomolar	O
or	O
low	O
micromolar	O
range	O
in	O
enzyme	O
-	O
and	O
/	O
or	O
cell	B-COMP
-	O
based	O
assays	O
and	O
with	O
high	O
therapeutic	O
indices	O
.	O

Pseudotyped	O
virus	B-SPEC
carrying	O
S	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
(	O
S	O
-	O
pseudovirus	O
)	O
produced	O
by	O
human	B-SPEC
cells	B-COMP
that	O
were	O
treated	O
with	O
small	O
interfering	O
RNA	O
(	O
siRNA	O
)	O
for	O
calnexin	B-PRGE
expression	B-PROC
(	O
calnexin	O
siRNA	O
-	O
treated	O
cells	B-COMP
)	O
showed	O
significantly	O
lower	O
infectivity	O
than	O
S	O
-	O
pseudoviruses	O
produced	O
by	O
untreated	O
and	O
control	O
siRNA	O
-	O
treated	O
cells	B-COMP
.	O

S	O
-	O
pseudovirus	O
produced	O
by	O
calnexin	B-PRGE
siRNA	I-PRGE
-	O
treated	O
cells	B-COMP
contained	O
S	O
protein	O
modified	O
with	O
N	B-CHED
-	I-CHED
glycan	I-CHED
side	O
chains	O
differently	O
from	O
other	O
two	O
S	O
proteins	B-CHED
and	O
consisted	O
of	O
two	O
kinds	O
of	O
viral	B-COMP
particles	I-COMP
:	O
those	O
of	O
normal	O
density	O
with	O
little	O
S	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
and	O
those	O
of	O
high	O
density	O
with	O
abundant	O
S	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
.	O

S	O
-	O
pseudovirus	O
and	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
produced	O
in	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
α	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
glucosidase	I-PRGE
inhibitors	B-CHED
,	O
which	O
disrupt	O
the	O
interaction	O
between	O
calnexin	B-PRGE
and	O
its	O
substrates	O
,	O
showed	O
significantly	O
lower	O
infectivity	O
than	O
each	O
virus	B-SPEC
produced	O
in	O
the	O
absence	O
of	O
those	O
compounds	O
.	O

In	O
S	O
-	O
pseudovirus	O
,	O
the	O
incorporation	O
of	O
S	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
into	O
viral	B-COMP
particles	I-COMP
was	O
obviously	O
inhibited	O
.	O

In	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
,	O
viral	O
production	O
was	O
obviously	O
inhibited	O
.	O

Intranasal	O
pretreatment	O
of	O
aged	O
mice	B-SPEC
with	O
poly	O
(	O
I	O
·	O
C	O
)	O
(	O
a	O
TLR3	B-PRGE
agonist	B-CHED
)	O
and	O
,	O
to	O
a	O
lesser	O
extent	O
,	O
CpG	O
,	O
R848	O
,	O
or	O
lipopolysaccharide	B-CHED
(	O
TLR9	B-PRGE
,	O
TLR7	B-PRGE
/	I-PRGE
8	I-PRGE
,	O
or	O
TLR4	B-PRGE
agonists	B-CHED
),	O
provided	O
a	O
high	O
level	O
of	O
protection	O
[	O
90	O
%	O
to	O
100	O
%	O
survival	O
rate	O
after	O
poly	O
(	O
I	O
·	O
C	O
)	O
treatment	O
]	O
against	O
lethal	O
MA15	O
or	O
IAV	O
challenge	O
and	O
reduced	O
pathological	O
changes	O
and	O
virus	B-SPEC
loads	O
in	O
the	O
lungs	B-ANAT
at	O
early	O
times	O
after	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

From	O
mRNA	B-CHED
-	O
1	O
,	O
1a	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
1a	O
+	O
1b	O
are	O
translated	O
;	O
the	O
latter	O
1a	O
+	O
1b	O
results	O
from	O
the	O
translation	B-PROC
due	O
to	O
ribosomal	B-COMP
frame	O
-	O
shifting	O
facilitated	O
by	O
the	O
pseudoknot	O
structure	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
One	O
hundred	O
ten	O
days	O
of	O
extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenation	B-PROC
in	O
a	O
young	O
woman	O
with	O
postpartum	O
cerebral	O
venous	B-ANAT
thrombosis	O
and	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
determine	O
the	O
antigen	B-CHED
characteristics	O
of	O
different	O
fragments	O
of	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
N	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
expressed	B-PROC
in	O
E	O
.	O
Coli	O
and	O
their	O
application	O
in	O
the	O
serological	O
diagnosis	O
.	O

Western	O
-	O
Bolt	O
results	O
show	O
that	O
all	O
the	O
six	O
fragments	O
have	O
reacted	O
with	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
patient	O
convalescent	O
sera	B-COMP
,	O
but	O
the	O
PN360	O
and	O
PN301	O
showed	O
obvious	O
cross	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
reaction	I-PROC
with	O
sera	B-COMP
from	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
-	O
negative	O
normal	O
adults	O
;	O
sensitivity	O
analysis	O
using	O
an	O
ELISA	O
coating	O
with	O
PN199	O
,	O
PN185	O
,	O
PN155b	O
,	O
PN125	O
as	O
antigen	O
showed	O
that	O
the	O
PN185	O
and	O
PN155b	O
are	O
better	O
than	O
PN125	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
An	O
immunochromatographic	O
strip	O
was	O
developed	O
for	O
the	O
detection	O
of	O
PHE	B-CHED
-	O
CoV	O
.	O
The	O
colloidal	B-CHED
gold	I-CHED
-	O
labeled	O
MAb	O
4D4	O
was	O
used	O
as	O
the	O
detection	O
reagent	B-CHED
,	O
and	O
the	O
MAb	O
1E2	O
and	O
goat	B-PRGE
anti	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
mouse	B-SPEC
IgG	I-PRGE
coated	O
the	O
strip	O
'	O
s	O
test	O
and	O
control	O
lines	O
,	O
respectively	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Moutan	O
cortex	B-ANAT
radicis	O
improves	O
lipopolysaccharide	B-CHED
-	O
induced	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
in	O
rats	B-SPEC
through	O
anti	O
-	O
inflammation	O
.	O

MCR	O
was	O
orally	B-ANAT
administered	O
before	O
and	O
after	O
LPS	B-DISO
was	O
introduced	O
into	O
rats	B-SPEC
(	O
MCR	O
-	O
LPS	B-DISO
group	O
and	O
LPS	B-DISO
-	O
MCR	O
group	O
,	O
respectively	O
).	O

This	O
report	O
describes	O
the	O
complete	O
genome	O
sequence	O
of	O
GD	O
-	O
A	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
data	O
will	O
provide	O
important	O
insights	O
into	O
the	O
variation	O
of	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
field	O
isolates	O
in	O
southern	O
China	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Zoonotic	O
diseases	O
continue	O
to	O
emerge	O
and	O
threaten	O
both	O
human	O
and	O
animal	B-SPEC
health	O
.	O

All	O
study	O
subjects	O
were	O
negative	O
for	O
antibodies	B-COMP
against	O
CRCoV	O
by	O
this	O
competitive	O
ELISA	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
We	O
enrolled	O
1006	O
children	O
less	O
than	O
5	O
years	O
of	O
age	O
of	O
whom	O
423	O
(	O
42	O
%),	O
428	O
(	O
42	O
%)	O
and	O
155	O
(	O
16	O
%)	O
had	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
,	O
bronchiolitis	B-DISO
and	O
unclassified	O
lower	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
tract	I-DISO
infections	I-DISO
,	O
respectively	O
.	O

Patients	O
may	O
have	O
ARDS	B-DISO
if	O
the	O
onset	O
is	O
within	O
1	O
week	O
of	O
a	O
known	O
clinical	O
insult	O
or	O
new	O
/	O
worsening	O
respiratory	B-DISO
symptoms	I-DISO
.	O

In	O
general	O
,	O
little	O
sequence	O
changes	O
were	O
noted	O
,	O
most	O
could	O
be	O
attributed	O
to	O
genetic	B-PROC
drift	I-PROC
,	O
since	O
the	O
clinical	O
isolates	O
originate	O
from	O
2009	O
to	O
2010	O
and	O
VR740	O
from	O
1962	O
.	O

Here	O
,	O
we	O
report	O
that	O
M	B-PRGE
(	I-PRGE
pro	I-PRGE
)-	I-PRGE
C	I-PRGE
can	O
reversibly	O
interconvert	O
between	O
these	O
two	O
topological	O
states	O
under	O
physiological	O
conditions	O
.	O

In	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
the	O
inhibitory	O
effect	O
of	O
short	O
hairpin	O
RNAs	O
(	O
shRNAs	O
)	O
targeting	B-PROC
the	O
ORF	B-PRGE
7	I-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
of	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
on	O
virus	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
was	O
examined	O
.	O

Our	O
results	O
indicated	O
that	O
plasmid	O
-	O
transcribed	O
shRNAs	O
targeting	B-PROC
the	O
ORF	B-PRGE
7	I-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
in	O
the	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
genome	O
effectively	O
inhibited	O
expression	B-PROC
of	O
the	O
viral	O
target	O
gene	O
and	O
viral	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
in	O
vitro	O
.	O

These	O
findings	O
provide	O
evidence	O
that	O
the	O
shRNAs	O
have	O
potential	O
therapeutic	O
application	O
for	O
treatment	O
of	O
TGE	B-DISO
.	O

SOFA	O
scores	O
over	O
the	O
first	O
2	O
weeks	O
in	O
the	O
ICU	O
indicate	O
more	O
severe	O
organ	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
in	O
the	O
noninfluenza	O
group	O
(	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
017	O
).	O

The	O
noninfluenza	O
group	O
tended	O
to	O
have	O
higher	O
overall	O
charges	O
,	O
including	O
significantly	O
higher	O
cost	O
of	O
blood	B-ANAT
products	O
in	O
the	O
ICU	O
.	O

ALI	O
/	O
ARDS	B-DISO
secondary	O
to	O
pandemic	O
influenza	B-PATH
infection	B-DISO
is	O
associated	O
with	O
more	O
severe	O
respiratory	O
compromise	O
but	O
has	O
lower	O
overall	O
acuity	O
and	O
better	O
survival	O
rates	O
than	O
ALI	O
/	O
ARDS	B-DISO
due	O
to	O
other	O
causes	O
.	O

Underlying	O
conditions	O
included	O
hematologic	B-DISO
malignancies	I-DISO
(	O
n	O
=	O
21	O
),	O
vasculitis	B-DISO
(	O
n	O
=	O
13	O
),	O
and	O
solid	B-DISO
tumors	I-DISO
(	O
n	O
=	O
13	O
).	O

Most	O
patients	O
were	O
receiving	O
systemic	O
corticosteroids	B-CHED
(	O
n	O
=	O
63	O
)	O
and	O
cytotoxic	O
drugs	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
51	O
).	O

Pulmonary	B-ANAT
co	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
with	O
HSV	B-SPEC
or	O
CMV	B-SPEC
may	O
contribute	O
to	O
fatal	O
outcome	O
.	O

The	O
elevation	O
of	O
CK	O
and	O
CK	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
MB	I-FUNC
in	O
serum	B-COMP
could	O
not	O
be	O
judged	O
as	O
the	O
criteria	O
of	O
myocardial	O
damage	O
in	O
AOPP	O
,	O
the	O
ratio	O
of	O
CK	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
MB	I-FUNC
to	O
CK	O
were	O
more	O
valuable	O
;	O
the	O
value	O
of	O
cTnI	B-PRGE
in	O
myocardial	O
damage	O
was	O
still	O
in	O
suspect	O
.	O

To	O
investigate	O
possible	O
interspecies	O
transmission	O
between	O
the	O
two	O
bat	B-ENZY
species	B-SPEC
,	O
the	O
complete	O
genomes	O
of	O
two	O
Ro	O
-	O
BatCoV	O
HKU10	O
and	O
six	O
Hi	O
-	O
BatCoV	O
HKU10	O
strains	O
were	O
sequenced	O
.	O

Treatment	O
with	O
SB203580	O
and	O
U0126	B-CHED
reduced	O
PLpro	O
-	O
induced	O
expression	B-PROC
of	O
TGF	O
-	O
β1	O
,	O
vimentin	B-COMP
,	O
and	O
type	B-PRGE
I	I-PRGE
collagen	I-PRGE
.	O

Although	O
swine	B-SPEC
are	O
widely	O
recognized	O
as	O
a	O
potential	O
host	B-COMP
for	O
generating	O
novel	O
influenza	B-SPEC
viruses	I-SPEC
,	O
and	O
that	O
some	O
of	O
these	O
viruses	B-SPEC
,	O
including	O
pandemic	O
influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
/	O
H1N1	O
2009	O
,	O
have	O
been	O
shown	O
to	O
be	O
readily	O
transmissible	O
between	O
humans	B-SPEC
and	O
swine	B-SPEC
,	O
only	O
one	O
study	O
was	O
found	O
related	O
to	O
the	O
modelling	O
of	O
influenza	B-DISO
spread	O
at	O
the	O
swine	B-SPEC
-	O
human	B-SPEC
interface	O
.	O

NMBAs	O
have	O
been	O
shown	O
to	O
improve	O
oxygenation	B-PROC
during	O
severe	O
ARDS	B-DISO
in	O
three	O
randomized	O
controlled	O
trials	O
.	O

NMBAs	O
have	O
not	O
been	O
shown	O
to	O
be	O
an	O
independent	O
risk	O
factor	O
of	O
neuromyopathy	B-DISO
in	O
most	O
studies	O
.	O

NMBAs	O
are	O
commonly	O
used	O
in	O
ARDS	B-DISO
(	O
25	O
-	O
55	O
%	O
of	O
patients	O
),	O
but	O
the	O
benefits	O
and	O
the	O
risks	O
of	O
using	O
these	O
agents	O
are	O
controversial	O
.	O

NMBAs	O
do	O
not	O
appear	O
to	O
be	O
an	O
independent	O
risk	O
factor	O
for	O
ICU	O
-	O
acquired	O
weakness	O
if	O
they	O
are	O
not	O
given	O
with	O
corticosteroids	B-CHED
or	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
hyperglycaemia	B-DISO
.	O

We	O
used	O
mice	B-SPEC
lacking	O
functional	O
receptors	O
for	O
both	O
type	B-PRGE
I	I-PRGE
and	I-PRGE
type	I-PRGE
III	I-PRGE
IFN	I-PRGE
(	O
double	O
knockout	O
,	O
dKO	O
)	O
to	O
evaluate	O
the	O
possibility	O
that	O
type	B-PRGE
III	I-PRGE
IFN	I-PRGE
plays	O
a	O
decisive	O
role	O
in	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
protection	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Goal	O
-	O
oriented	O
respiratory	O
management	O
for	O
critically	B-DISO
ill	I-DISO
patients	O
with	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
This	O
paper	O
,	O
based	O
on	O
relevant	O
literature	O
articles	O
and	O
the	O
authors	O
'	O
clinical	O
experience	O
,	O
presents	O
a	O
goal	O
-	O
oriented	O
respiratory	O
management	O
for	O
critically	B-DISO
ill	I-DISO
patients	O
with	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
that	O
can	O
help	O
improve	O
clinicians	O
'	O
ability	O
to	O
care	O
for	O
these	O
patients	O
.	O

Early	O
recognition	O
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
modified	O
risk	O
factors	O
and	O
avoidance	O
of	O
aggravating	O
factors	O
during	O
hospital	O
stay	O
such	O
as	O
nonprotective	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
,	O
multiple	O
blood	B-ANAT
products	O
transfusions	O
,	O
positive	O
fluid	B-PROC
balance	I-PROC
,	O
ventilator	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
associated	I-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
,	O
and	O
gastric	B-ANAT
aspiration	B-DISO
can	O
help	O
decrease	O
its	O
incidence	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
WFDC1	B-PRGE
/	O
ps20	B-PRGE
:	O
a	O
host	B-COMP
factor	O
that	O
influences	O
the	O
neutrophil	B-ANAT
response	O
to	O
murine	B-DISO
hepatitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
MHV	O
)	O
1	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

Herein	O
we	O
describe	O
a	O
contrasting	O
role	O
for	O
ps20	O
in	O
limiting	O
MHV	B-SPEC
-	O
1	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

Accordingly	O
,	O
we	O
examined	O
MHV	B-SPEC
-	O
1	O
infection	B-DISO
of	O
neutrophils	B-ANAT
and	O
provide	O
evidence	O
that	O
neutrophils	B-ANAT
isolated	O
from	O
ps20	O
(-/-)	O
mice	B-SPEC
are	O
more	O
susceptible	O
to	O
MHV	B-SPEC
-	O
1	O
infection	B-DISO
than	O
neutrophils	B-ANAT
isolated	O
from	O
ps20	O
(+/+)	O
mice	B-SPEC
.	O

The	O
rate	O
of	O
antimicrobial	B-CHED
resistance	B-PROC
among	O
Enterobacteriaceae	B-SPEC
also	O
increased	O
significantly	O
(	O
p	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
).	O

After	O
controlling	O
for	O
potentially	O
confounding	O
factors	O
,	O
the	O
DAI	B-PRGE
was	O
an	O
independent	O
prognostic	O
factor	O
for	O
both	O
30	O
-	O
day	O
mortality	O
(	O
OR	O
2	O
.	O
51	O
,	O
95	O
%	O
confidence	O
interval	O
[	O
CI	O
]	O
1	O
.	O
99	O
-	O
3	O
.	O
17	O
,	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
001	O
)	O
and	O
in	O
-	O
hospital	O
mortality	O
(	O
OR	O
3	O
.	O
61	O
,	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
2	O
.	O
10	O
-	O
3	O
.	O
25	O
,	O
p	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
001	O
).	O

Furthermore	O
,	O
each	O
of	O
S366	O
-	O
374	O
was	O
replaced	O
by	O
alanine	B-CHED
(	O
A	O
),	O
lysine	B-CHED
(	O
K	O
)	O
or	O
aspartic	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
(	O
D	O
),	O
respectively	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
We	O
were	O
able	O
to	O
treat	O
a	O
patient	O
with	O
acute	O
exacerbation	O
of	O
chronic	B-DISO
obstructive	I-DISO
pulmonary	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
who	O
also	O
suffered	B-DISO
from	O
sleep	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
disordered	I-DISO
breathing	B-PROC
by	O
using	O
the	O
average	O
volume	O
-	O
assured	O
pressure	O
support	O
mode	O
of	O
a	O
Respironics	O
V60	O
Ventilator	O
(	O
Philips	O
Respironics	O
:	O
United	O
States	O
).	O

During	O
the	O
initial	O
exacerbation	O
,	O
his	O
tidal	O
volume	O
was	O
significantly	O
lower	O
during	O
sleep	B-PROC
(	O
378	O
.	O
9	O
±	O
72	O
.	O
9mL	O
)	O
than	O
while	O
awake	O
(	O
446	O
.	O
5	O
±	O
63	O
.	O
3mL	O
).	O

A	O
ventilator	O
that	O
allows	O
ventilation	O
to	O
be	O
maintained	O
by	O
automatically	O
adjusting	O
the	O
inspiratory	B-PROC
force	I-PROC
to	O
within	O
an	O
acceptable	O
range	O
was	O
attached	O
in	O
average	O
volume	O
-	O
assured	O
pressure	O
support	O
mode	O
,	O
improving	O
his	O
sleep	B-PROC
-	O
related	O
hypoventilation	B-DISO
,	O
which	O
is	O
often	O
associated	O
with	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
the	O
Respironics	O
V60	O
Ventilator	O
.	O

Polysomnography	O
performed	O
while	O
our	O
patient	O
was	O
on	O
noninvasive	O
positive	O
pressure	O
ventilation	O
revealed	O
obstructive	B-DISO
sleep	I-DISO
apnea	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
apnea	B-DISO
-	O
hypopnea	O
index	O
=	O
14	O
),	O
suggesting	O
that	O
his	O
chronic	B-DISO
obstructive	I-DISO
pulmonary	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
was	O
complicated	O
by	O
obstructive	B-DISO
sleep	I-DISO
apnea	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

On	O
such	O
occasions	O
,	O
the	O
Respironics	O
V60	O
Ventilator	O
,	O
which	O
is	O
equipped	O
with	O
an	O
average	O
volume	O
-	O
assured	O
pressure	O
support	O
mode	O
,	O
may	O
be	O
useful	O
in	O
improving	O
gas	B-ENZY
exchange	O
and	O
may	O
achieve	O
good	O
patient	O
compliance	O
,	O
because	O
that	O
mode	O
allows	O
ventilation	O
to	O
be	O
maintained	O
by	O
automatically	O
adjusting	O
the	O
inspiratory	B-PROC
force	I-PROC
to	O
within	O
an	O
acceptable	O
range	O
whenever	O
ventilation	O
falls	O
below	O
target	O
levels	O
.	O

The	O
main	O
clinical	O
features	O
included	O
skin	B-ANAT
purpura	B-DISO
(	O
100	O
%),	O
arthritis	B-DISO
or	O
arthralgia	B-DISO
(	O
66	O
%),	O
gastrointestinal	O
manifestation	O
(	O
47	O
%),	O
orchitis	B-DISO
(	O
15	O
%)	O
of	O
boys	O
,	O
and	O
nephritis	B-DISO
(	O
24	O
%).	O

Eleven	O
(	O
14	O
%)	O
patients	O
received	O
corticosteroid	B-CHED
therapy	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
A	O
framework	O
for	O
the	O
study	O
of	O
zoonotic	O
disease	O
emergence	O
and	O
its	O
drivers	O
:	O
spillover	O
of	O
bat	B-ENZY
pathogens	O
as	O
a	O
case	O
study	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Many	O
serious	O
emerging	O
zoonotic	O
infections	O
have	O
recently	O
arisen	O
from	O
bats	B-SPEC
,	O
including	O
Ebola	O
,	O
Marburg	O
,	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
,	O
Hendra	O
,	O
Nipah	O
,	O
and	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
rabies	B-DISO
and	O
rabies	B-DISO
-	O
related	O
viruses	B-SPEC
,	O
consistent	O
with	O
the	O
overall	O
observation	O
that	O
wildlife	O
are	O
an	O
important	O
source	O
of	O
emerging	O
zoonoses	B-DISO
for	O
the	O
human	B-SPEC
population	O
.	O

Here	O
we	O
reported	O
the	O
complete	O
genome	O
sequences	O
of	O
two	O
virulent	O
IBV	B-SPEC
variants	O
from	O
China	O
,	O
GX	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
YL5	I-PRGE
and	O
GX	O
-	O
YL9	O
,	O
belonging	O
to	O
different	O
serotypes	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
A	O
diarrhea	B-DISO
outbreak	O
caused	O
by	O
porcine	B-SPEC
epidemic	I-SPEC
diarrhea	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
)	O
has	O
been	O
observed	O
in	O
China	O
since	O
December	O
2010	O
.	O

Measurement	O
data	O
were	O
processed	O
with	O
t	O
test	O
and	O
randomized	O
blocks	O
analysis	O
of	O
variance	O
,	O
enumeration	O
data	O
were	O
processed	O
with	O
Fisher	B-SPEC
'	O
s	O
exact	O
test	O
.	O

Except	O
for	O
that	O
of	O
PBD	B-PRGE
4	I-PRGE
,	O
there	O
was	O
no	O
statistically	O
significant	O
difference	O
between	O
two	O
groups	O
in	O
fluid	O
intake	O
(	O
with	O
F	O
values	O
from	O
0	O
.	O
072	O
to	O
1	O
.	O
939	O
,	O
P	O
values	O
all	O
above	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
).	O

Fluid	B-PROC
balance	I-PROC
lowered	O
in	O
both	O
groups	O
,	O
and	O
it	O
was	O
the	O
lowest	O
on	O
PBD	B-DISO
10	O
in	O
control	O
group	O
and	O
PBD	B-PRGE
6	I-PRGE
in	O
treatment	O
group	O
.	O

We	O
revealed	O
that	O
administration	O
of	O
PGRN	O
significantly	O
reduced	O
LPS	B-DISO
-	O
induced	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
inflammation	I-DISO
,	O
as	O
reflected	O
by	O
reductions	O
in	O
total	O
cell	B-COMP
and	O
neutrophil	B-ANAT
counts	O
,	O
proinflammatory	O
cytokines	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
chemokines	O
in	O
bronchoalveolar	O
lavage	O
(	O
BAL	B-ENZY
)	O
fluid	O
.	O

Consistently	O
,	O
we	O
revealed	O
a	O
significant	O
reduction	O
of	O
histopathology	O
changes	O
of	O
lung	B-ANAT
in	O
mice	B-SPEC
received	O
PGRN	O
treatment	O
.	O

Nasopharyngeal	B-ANAT
swabs	O
were	O
collected	O
from	O
a	O
group	O
of	O
164	O
children	O
aged	O
below	O
3	O
years	O
who	O
were	O
hospitalized	O
due	O
to	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
from	O
May	O
2009	O
to	O
July	O
2010	O
in	O
Shanghai	O
.	O

Identified	O
viruses	B-SPEC
included	O
37	O
of	O
human	B-SPEC
rhinovirus	I-SPEC
(	O
22	O
.	O
6	O
%	O
of	O
cases	O
),	O
32	O
of	O
influenza	B-SPEC
A	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
19	O
.	O
5	O
%),	O
30	O
of	O
parainfluenzavirus	O
-	O
2	O
(	O
18	O
.	O
3	O
%),	O
23	O
of	O
parainfluenzavirus	O
-	O
3	O
(	O
14	O
.	O
0	O
%),	O
15	O
of	O
human	B-SPEC
enterovirus	B-SPEC
(	O
9	O
.	O
1	O
%),	O
14	O
each	O
of	O
parainfluenzavirus	O
-	O
1	O
,	O
respiratory	B-SPEC
syncytial	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
B	O
and	O
adenovirus	B-DISO
(	O
8	O
.	O
5	O
%),	O
8	O
of	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
229E	O
/	O
NL63	O
(	O
4	O
.	O
9	O
%),	O
6	O
of	O
human	B-SPEC
bocavirus	I-SPEC
(	O
3	O
.	O
7	O
%),	O
5	O
each	O
of	O
influenza	B-SPEC
B	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
and	O
respiratory	B-SPEC
syncytial	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
A	O
(	O
3	O
.	O
0	O
%),	O
3	O
of	O
parainfluenzavirus	O
-	O
4	O
(	O
1	O
.	O
8	O
%),	O
2	O
of	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
OC43	O
/	O
HKU1	O
(	O
1	O
.	O
2	O
%),	O
and	O
1	O
human	B-SPEC
metapneumovirus	I-SPEC
(	O
0	O
.	O
6	O
%).	O

The	O
sensitivity	O
and	O
specificity	O
of	O
the	O
mRT	B-ANAT
-	O
PCR	O
were	O
determined	O
by	O
comparing	O
it	O
to	O
a	O
rapid	O
antigen	B-CHED
test	O
(	O
RAT	B-SPEC
)	O
or	O
immuno	O
-	O
chromatography	O
test	O
kit	B-FUNC
and	O
reverse	B-PROC
transcription	I-PROC
-	O
polymerase	O
chain	O
reaction	O
(	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
)	O
in	O
the	O
detection	O
of	O
CDV	B-CHED
,	O
CRCoV	O
and	O
CIV	B-SPEC
antigens	B-CHED
present	O
in	O
100	O
clinical	O
samples	O
(	O
nasal	B-ANAT
swabs	O
and	O
whole	O
blood	B-ANAT
samples	I-ANAT
)	O
from	O
50	O
dogs	B-SPEC
with	O
respiratory	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
symptoms	O
.	O

This	O
study	O
revealed	O
that	O
mRT	B-ANAT
-	O
PCR	O
had	O
almost	O
exactly	O
the	O
same	O
performance	O
or	O
results	O
were	O
almost	O
100	O
%	O
in	O
agreement	O
with	O
that	O
of	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
and	O
RAT	B-SPEC
both	O
in	O
terms	O
of	O
the	O
assay	O
sensitivity	O
and	O
specificity	O
which	O
was	O
more	O
highly	O
evident	O
in	O
detecting	O
CIV	O
,	O
CDV	B-CHED
and	O
CRCoV	O
antigens	B-CHED
present	O
in	O
canine	O
nasal	B-ANAT
swab	O
samples	O
.	O

Of	O
the	O
isolated	O
diarylheptanoids	O
,	O
hirsutenone	O
(	O
2	O
)	O
showed	O
the	O
most	O
potent	O
PL	O
(	O
pro	B-CHED
)	O
inhibitory	O
activity	O
,	O
with	O
an	O
inhibitory	O
concentration	O
(	O
IC	O
(	O
50	O
))	O
value	O
of	O
4	O
.	O
1	O
µM	O
.	O
Structure	O
-	O
activity	O
analysis	O
showed	O
that	O
catechol	B-CHED
and	O
α	O
,	O
β	O
-	O
unsaturated	O
carbonyl	B-CHED
moiety	O
in	O
the	O
molecule	O
were	O
the	O
key	O
requirement	O
for	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
cysteine	B-CHED
protease	I-PRGE
inhibition	B-PROC
.	O

In	O
the	O
O2	O
-	O
PS	O
group	O
,	O
the	O
breathing	B-PROC
rates	O
and	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
scores	O
were	O
significantly	O
lower	O
than	O
that	O
of	O
the	O
air	B-CHED
-	O
PS	O
group	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Viral	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
are	O
important	O
threats	O
to	O
public	O
health	O
worldwide	O
.	O

Abused	O
children	O
have	O
to	O
be	O
considered	O
as	O
potentially	O
immunologically	O
impaired	B-DISO
patients	O
;	O
therefore	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
very	O
important	O
to	O
screen	O
them	O
for	O
opportunistic	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
.	O

Moreover	O
,	O
a	O
history	O
of	O
unusual	O
or	O
recurring	O
infections	B-DISO
may	O
indicate	O
abuse	B-DISO
,	O
especially	O
neglect	O
or	O
malnutrition	B-DISO
.	O

Thus	O
,	O
there	O
is	O
a	O
need	O
for	O
multidisciplinary	O
cooperation	O
to	O
ensure	O
the	O
early	O
identification	O
and	O
prevention	O
of	O
child	B-DISO
abuse	I-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Potential	O
cross	O
-	O
reactivity	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
-	O
associated	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
nucleocapsid	O
(	O
N	O
)-	O
based	O
IgG	B-PRGE
ELISA	O
assay	O
for	O
plasma	B-ANAT
samples	O
from	O
HIV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
1	I-SPEC
positive	O
intravenous	O
drug	O
users	O
(	O
IDUs	O
).	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
to	O
evaluate	O
the	O
specificity	O
of	O
the	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
N	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
-	O
based	O
IgG	B-PRGE
ELISA	O
assay	O
for	O
detection	O
of	O
immunoglobulin	B-PRGE
G	I-PRGE
(	O
IgG	B-PRGE
)	O
in	O
plasma	B-ANAT
samples	O
obtained	O
from	O
HIV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
1	I-SPEC
positive	O
and	O
HIV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
1	I-SPEC
negative	O
intravenous	O
drug	O
users	O
(	O
IDUs	O
).	O

The	O
6x	O
His	O
-	O
tagged	O
N	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
was	O
expressed	B-PROC
by	O
inducing	O
the	O
bacterial	O
cells	B-COMP
with	O
isopropyl	B-CHED
-	O
1	O
-	O
thio	B-CHED
-	O
D	O
-	O
galactopyranoside	O
(	O
IPTG	B-CHED
)	O
and	O
purified	O
by	O
Ni	O
-	O
NTA	B-CHED
affinity	O
resin	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Surveillance	O
and	O
genome	O
analysis	O
of	O
human	B-SPEC
bocavirus	I-SPEC
in	O
patients	O
with	O
respiratory	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
in	O
Guangzhou	O
,	O
China	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
An	O
understanding	O
of	O
disaster	O
medicine	B-CHED
and	O
the	O
health	O
care	O
system	O
during	O
mass	O
-	O
casualty	O
events	O
is	O
vital	O
to	O
a	O
successful	O
disaster	O
response	O
,	O
and	O
has	O
been	O
recommended	O
as	O
an	O
integral	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
medical	O
curriculum	O
by	O
the	O
Association	O
of	O
American	O
Medical	O
Colleges	O
(	O
AAMC	O
).	O

Of	O
those	O
schools	O
that	O
included	O
disaster	O
medicine	B-CHED
in	O
their	O
curricula	O
,	O
20	O
.	O
7	O
%	O
offered	O
disaster	O
material	O
as	O
required	O
course	O
work	O
,	O
and	O
17	O
.	O
2	O
%	O
offered	O
it	O
as	O
elective	O
course	O
work	O
.	O

Only	O
a	O
small	O
percentage	O
of	O
US	O
medical	O
schools	O
currently	O
include	O
disaster	O
medicine	B-CHED
in	O
their	O
core	O
curriculum	O
,	O
and	O
even	O
fewer	O
medical	O
schools	O
have	O
incorporated	O
or	O
adopted	O
competency	O
-	O
based	O
training	O
within	O
their	O
disaster	O
medicine	B-CHED
lecture	O
topics	O
and	O
curricula	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Programmed	O
-	O
1	O
frameshifting	O
,	O
whereby	O
the	O
reading	O
frame	O
of	O
a	O
ribosome	B-COMP
on	O
messenger	B-CHED
RNA	I-CHED
is	O
shifted	O
in	O
order	B-SPEC
to	O
generate	O
an	O
alternate	O
gene	O
product	O
,	O
is	O
often	O
triggered	O
by	O
a	O
pseudoknot	O
structure	O
in	O
the	O
mRNA	B-CHED
in	O
combination	O
with	O
an	O
upstream	O
slippery	O
sequence	O
.	O

This	O
result	O
shows	O
that	O
there	O
is	O
a	O
considerable	O
incidence	O
of	O
viral	O
pathogens	O
in	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
exacerbations	O
in	O
adult	O
CF	O
patients	O
.	O

Newly	O
identified	O
viruses	B-SPEC
such	O
as	O
pandemic	O
influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
/	O
H1N1	O
,	O
human	B-SPEC
metapneumovirus	I-SPEC
,	O
human	B-SPEC
bocavirus	I-SPEC
,	O
and	O
human	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
NL63	I-SPEC
were	O
not	O
detected	O
in	O
our	O
population	O
,	O
except	O
for	O
1	O
human	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
NL63	I-SPEC
.	O

These	O
observations	O
support	O
the	O
hypothesis	O
that	O
human	B-SPEC
CoVs	O
are	O
capable	O
of	O
establishing	O
zoonotic	O
-	O
reverse	O
zoonotic	O
transmission	O
cycles	O
that	O
may	O
allow	O
some	O
CoVs	O
to	O
readily	O
circulate	O
and	O
exchange	O
genetic	O
material	O
between	O
strains	O
found	O
in	O
bats	B-SPEC
and	O
other	O
mammals	B-SPEC
,	O
including	O
humans	B-SPEC
.	O

These	O
antibody	B-PROC
responses	I-PROC
are	O
comparable	O
to	O
those	O
induced	O
by	O
intranasal	O
(	O
i	O
.	O
n	O
.)	O
administration	O
.	O

immunization	O
with	O
rADV	O
did	O
not	O
redirect	O
the	O
rADV	O
vector	O
to	O
the	O
olfactory	B-ANAT
bulb	I-ANAT
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Characterization	O
of	O
cellular	B-PRGE
furin	B-ENZY
content	O
as	O
a	O
potential	O
factor	O
determining	O
the	O
susceptibility	O
of	O
cultured	O
human	O
and	O
animal	B-SPEC
cells	B-COMP
to	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
.	O

In	O
other	O
cell	B-ANAT
lines	I-ANAT
,	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
cannot	O
be	O
propagated	O
beyond	O
passage	O
5	O
.	O

Cleavage	B-PROC
of	O
IBV	B-SPEC
spike	O
protein	B-CHED
by	O
furin	B-PRGE
may	O
contribute	O
to	O
the	O
productive	O
IBV	B-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
in	O
these	O
cells	B-COMP
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
A	O
rise	O
in	O
influenza	B-DISO
morbidity	O
became	O
a	O
topical	O
problem	O
again	O
after	O
the	O
identification	O
of	O
a	O
new	O
H1N1	B-PRGE
swl	I-PRGE
strain	O
in	O
California	B-SPEC
in	O
2009	O
.	O

Coronavirus	B-SPEC
NL63	O
infection	B-DISO
exists	O
in	O
hospitalized	O
children	O
with	O
acute	B-DISO
lower	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
tract	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
in	O
Changsha	O
.	O

The	O
peak	O
of	O
prevalence	O
of	O
the	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
NL63	O
was	O
in	O
summer	O
.	O

BCoV	O
was	O
detected	O
in	O
nasal	B-ANAT
swabs	O
and	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
lesions	O
using	O
real	O
-	O
time	O
reverse	B-PRGE
transcriptase	I-PRGE
-	O
polymerase	O
chain	O
reaction	O
(	O
qRT	O
-	O
PCR	O
)	O
assay	O
and	O
virus	B-SPEC
isolation	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
BCoV	O
was	O
detected	O
in	O
nasal	B-ANAT
swabs	O
and	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
lesions	O
using	O
real	O
-	O
time	O
reverse	B-PRGE
transcriptase	I-PRGE
-	O
polymerase	O
chain	O
reaction	O
(	O
qRT	O
-	O
PCR	O
)	O
assay	O
and	O
virus	B-SPEC
isolation	O
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
This	O
is	O
believed	O
to	O
be	O
the	O
first	O
report	O
of	O
BCoV	O
in	O
association	O
with	O
bovine	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
complex	I-DISO
in	O
Australia	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Sigmoid	B-ANAT
diverticulitis	B-DISO
perforation	O
in	O
burns	O
:	O
case	O
reports	O
and	O
review	O
of	O
the	O
literature	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Burned	O
patients	O
are	O
prone	O
to	O
develop	O
severe	O
intestinal	O
complications	O
because	O
of	O
decreased	O
splanchnic	B-PROC
circulation	I-PROC
.	O

Moreover	O
,	O
the	O
severe	B-DISO
sepsis	I-DISO
group	O
appeared	O
to	O
have	O
a	O
higher	O
level	O
of	O
sCD163	O
compared	O
with	O
that	O
in	O
the	O
sepsis	B-DISO
group	O
(	O
76	O
.	O
2	O
;	O
47	O
.	O
2	O
-	O
167	O
.	O
5	O
ng	O
/	O
ml	O
vs	O
.	O
74	O
.	O
2	O
;	O
46	O
.	O
2	O
-	O
131	O
.	O
6	O
ng	O
/	O
ml	O
),	O
but	O
this	O
was	O
not	O
significant	O
.	O

We	O
have	O
shown	O
that	O
STAT1	B-PRGE
plays	O
an	O
important	O
role	O
in	O
the	O
severity	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
and	O
that	O
it	O
is	O
independent	O
of	O
the	O
role	O
of	O
STAT1	B-PRGE
in	O
interferon	B-PATH
signaling	B-PROC
.	O

Mice	B-SPEC
with	O
STAT1	B-PRGE
in	O
either	O
monocytes	B-ANAT
and	O
macrophages	B-ANAT
(	O
LysM	B-PRGE
/	O
STAT1	B-PRGE
)	O
or	O
ciliated	O
lung	B-ANAT
epithelial	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
(	O
FoxJ1	B-PRGE
/	O
STAT1	B-PRGE
)	O
deleted	O
were	O
created	O
.	O

STAT6	B-PRGE
is	O
essential	O
for	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
AA	O
macrophages	B-ANAT
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
Treatment	O
with	O
inhaled	B-PROC
epoprostenol	B-CHED
improved	O
gas	B-ENZY
exchange	O
in	O
severely	O
hypoxemic	O
surgical	O
patients	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Clinical	O
study	O
of	O
effect	O
of	O
penehyclidine	O
hydrochloride	B-CHED
and	O
atropine	B-CHED
sequential	O
therapy	O
in	O
the	O
treatment	O
of	O
severe	O
acute	O
organophosphorus	O
pesticide	O
poisoning	O
].	O

This	O
work	O
compared	O
two	O
different	O
routes	O
of	O
infection	B-DISO
(	O
intratracheal	O
versus	O
eye	B-ANAT
drop	O
)	O
in	O
commercial	O
pullets	O
,	O
looking	O
for	O
differences	O
in	O
the	O
pathology	B-DISO
(	O
air	B-ANAT
sac	B-COMP
and	O
tracheal	O
lesion	O
scores	O
,	O
and	O
tracheal	O
mucosal	B-ANAT
thickness	O
)	O
and	O
the	O
humoral	B-PROC
immune	I-PROC
response	I-PROC
(	O
measured	O
by	O
serum	B-COMP
plate	O
agglutination	B-PROC
)	O
of	O
the	O
host	B-COMP
.	O

The	O
impact	O
of	O
concurrent	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
vaccination	O
on	O
disease	O
outcomes	O
was	O
also	O
determined	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
tracheal	O
mucosal	B-ANAT
thicknesses	O
of	O
intratracheally	O
challenged	O
pullets	O
were	O
not	O
statistically	O
different	O
from	O
those	O
of	O
the	O
eye	B-ANAT
drop	O
challenged	O
or	O
control	O
pullets	O
at	O
two	O
and	O
three	O
weeks	O
post	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

Vaccination	O
of	O
specific	O
-	O
pathogen	O
-	O
free	O
chickens	B-SPEC
with	O
the	O
F	O
-	O
strain	O
MG	O
vaccine	O
completely	O
protected	O
them	O
against	O
the	O
effects	O
of	O
MG	O
intratracheal	O
infectious	B-DISO
challenge	O
,	O
as	O
evidenced	O
by	O
a	O
lack	O
of	O
significant	O
difference	O
in	O
air	B-ANAT
sac	B-COMP
and	O
tracheal	O
lesion	O
scores	O
and	O
tracheal	O
mucosal	B-ANAT
thickness	O
with	O
those	O
of	O
unchallenged	O
media	B-ANAT
control	O
chickens	B-SPEC
.	O

The	O
motif	O
195WAFYVR200	O
was	O
the	O
minimal	O
requirement	O
for	O
reactivity	O
,	O
as	O
demonstrated	O
by	O
removing	O
amino	B-CHED
acids	I-CHED
individually	O
from	O
both	O
ends	O
of	O
the	O
motif	O
193TGWAFYVR200	O
.	O

Furthermore	O
,	O
this	O
epitope	B-CHED
was	O
highly	O
conserved	O
among	O
different	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
strains	O
,	O
as	O
shown	O
by	O
alignment	O
and	O
comparison	O
of	O
sequences	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Lack	O
of	O
innate	O
interferon	B-PRGE
responses	O
during	O
SARS	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
in	O
a	O
vaccination	O
and	O
reinfection	O
ferret	O
model	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
In	O
terms	O
of	O
its	O
highly	O
pathogenic	O
nature	O
,	O
there	O
remains	O
a	O
significant	O
need	O
to	O
further	O
define	O
the	O
immune	O
pathology	B-DISO
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
infection	B-DISO
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
identify	O
correlates	O
of	O
immunity	B-PROC
to	O
help	O
develop	O
vaccines	O
for	O
severe	O
coronaviral	O
infections	B-DISO
.	O

Factors	O
found	O
to	O
be	O
associated	O
with	O
less	O
willingness	O
were	O
:	O
being	O
female	O
,	O
being	O
in	O
a	O
supportive	O
staff	O
position	O
,	O
working	O
part	O
-	O
time	O
,	O
the	O
peak	O
phase	O
of	O
the	O
influenza	B-DISO
emergency	B-DISO
,	O
concern	O
for	O
family	B-SPEC
and	O
loved	O
ones	O
,	O
and	O
personal	O
obligations	O
.	O

Information	O
from	O
this	O
review	O
can	O
guide	O
emergency	B-DISO
policy	O
makers	O
,	O
planners	O
,	O
and	O
implementers	O
in	O
both	O
understanding	O
and	O
influencing	O
the	O
willingness	O
of	O
HCP	B-DISO
to	O
work	O
during	O
an	O
influenza	B-DISO
public	O
health	O
emergency	B-DISO
.	O

A	O
liberal	O
fluid	O
strategy	O
during	O
the	O
early	O
phase	O
of	O
comorbid	O
septic	B-DISO
shock	I-DISO
,	O
balanced	O
with	O
a	O
conservative	O
fluid	O
strategy	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
ALI	O
or	O
ARDS	B-DISO
during	O
the	O
postresuscitation	O
phase	O
,	O
is	O
the	O
optimum	O
approach	O
for	O
fluid	O
management	O
.	O

Available	O
evidence	O
supports	O
an	O
early	O
,	O
short	O
course	O
of	O
continuous	O
-	O
infusion	O
cisatracurium	O
in	O
patients	O
presenting	O
with	O
severe	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
nonstructural	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
(	O
nsp1	B-PRGE
)	O
binds	B-FUNC
to	O
the	O
40S	B-COMP
ribosomal	I-COMP
subunit	I-COMP
and	O
inhibits	O
translation	B-PROC
,	O
and	O
it	O
also	O
induces	O
a	O
template	O
-	O
dependent	O
endonucleolytic	O
cleavage	B-PROC
of	O
host	B-COMP
mRNAs	O
.	O

nsp1	B-PRGE
and	O
nsp1	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CD	I-PRGE
had	O
identical	O
inhibitory	O
effects	O
on	O
mRNA	B-CHED
templates	O
that	O
are	O
resistant	O
to	O
nsp1	B-PRGE
-	O
induced	O
RNA	O
cleavage	B-PROC
,	O
implying	O
the	O
validity	O
of	O
using	O
nsp1	O
-	O
CD	O
to	O
dissect	O
the	O
translation	B-PROC
inhibition	B-PROC
function	O
of	O
nsp1	B-PRGE
.	O

We	O
have	O
also	O
removed	O
from	O
the	O
list	O
of	O
HHS	B-DISO
and	O
overlap	O
select	O
agents	O
and	O
toxins	B-CHED
,	O
or	O
excluded	O
from	O
compliance	O
with	O
part	O
73	O
,	O
the	O
agents	O
and	O
toxins	B-CHED
described	O
in	O
the	O
Executive	O
Summary	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Viral	O
etiology	O
of	O
bronchiolitis	B-DISO
among	O
pediatric	O
inpatients	O
in	O
northern	O
Taiwan	O
with	O
emphasis	O
on	O
newly	O
identified	O
respiratory	O
viruses	O
.	O

Human	B-SPEC
bocavirus	I-SPEC
(	O
hBoV	O
)	O
was	O
the	O
second	O
most	O
common	O
identified	O
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
in	O
19	O
.	O
5	O
%),	O
followed	O
by	O
human	B-SPEC
metapneumovirus	I-SPEC
(	O
hMPV	B-SPEC
),	O
rhinovirus	B-SPEC
,	O
influenza	B-SPEC
viruses	I-SPEC
,	O
and	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
OC43	O
.	O

Clinical	O
characteristics	O
were	O
not	O
significantly	O
different	O
among	O
the	O
children	O
with	O
bronchiolitis	B-DISO
caused	O
by	O
different	O
viruses	B-SPEC
.	O

No	O
cross	O
-	O
reactivity	O
was	O
observed	O
with	O
coronaviruses	O
OC43	O
,	O
NL63	O
,	O
229E	O
,	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
,	O
nor	O
with	O
92	O
clinical	O
specimens	O
containing	O
common	O
human	B-SPEC
respiratory	O
viruses	B-SPEC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Complete	O
genome	O
of	O
transmissible	O
gastroenteritis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
AYU	B-SPEC
strain	O
isolated	O
in	O
Shanghai	O
,	O
China	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Expression	B-PROC
of	O
avian	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
bronchitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
multi	O
-	O
epitope	B-CHED
based	O
peptide	B-CHED
EpiC	O
in	O
Lactococcus	B-SPEC
lactis	I-SPEC
for	O
oral	B-ANAT
immunization	O
of	O
chickens	B-SPEC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
A	O
multiplex	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
for	O
the	O
detection	O
of	O
astrovirus	O
,	O
rotavirus	B-SPEC
,	O
and	O
reovirus	B-SPEC
in	O
turkeys	B-SPEC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
This	O
study	O
was	O
undertaken	O
to	O
develop	O
and	O
validate	O
a	O
multiplex	O
reverse	O
transcription	O
-	O
polymerase	O
chain	O
reaction	O
(	O
mRT	B-ANAT
-	O
PCR	O
)	O
for	O
simultaneous	O
detection	O
of	O
avian	B-PRGE
rotavirus	B-SPEC
,	I-PRGE
turkey	B-SPEC
astrovirus	I-SPEC
-	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
(	O
TAstV	O
-	O
2	O
),	O
and	O
avian	B-SPEC
reovirus	I-SPEC
.	O

Primers	O
targeting	B-PROC
the	O
conserved	O
regions	O
of	O
NSP4	B-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
of	I-PRGE
avian	I-PRGE
rotavirus	B-SPEC
,	I-PRGE
polymerase	I-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
of	O
TAstV	O
-	O
2	O
,	O
and	O
S4	B-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
of	O
avian	B-SPEC
reovirus	I-SPEC
were	O
used	O
.	O

This	O
mRT	B-ANAT
-	O
PCR	O
was	O
found	O
to	O
be	O
specific	O
as	O
no	O
amplification	B-DISO
was	O
observed	O
with	O
avian	B-SPEC
influenza	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
,	O
Newcastle	B-SPEC
disease	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
,	O
turkey	B-SPEC
coronavirus	B-SPEC
,	O
avian	B-SPEC
metapneumovirus	I-SPEC
,	O
and	O
intestinal	B-ANAT
contents	I-ANAT
of	O
uninfected	O
turkey	B-SPEC
poults	O
.	O

Of	O
the	O
120	O
pooled	O
samples	O
tested	O
,	O
70	O
%	O
were	O
positive	O
for	O
TAstV	O
-	O
2	O
,	O
45	O
%	O
for	O
avian	O
rotavirus	B-SPEC
,	O
and	O
18	O
%	O
for	O
avian	B-SPEC
reovirus	I-SPEC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Novel	O
viruses	B-SPEC
might	O
be	O
responsible	O
for	O
numerous	O
disease	O
cases	O
with	O
unknown	O
etiology	O
.	O

The	O
aim	O
of	O
this	O
study	O
was	O
to	O
evaluate	O
en	O
masse	O
lobectomy	O
,	O
particularly	O
considering	O
the	O
constellation	O
of	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
vessels	B-ANAT
and	O
the	O
bronchus	B-SPEC
.	O

Lobectomy	O
included	O
the	O
right	B-ANAT
upper	I-ANAT
lobe	I-ANAT
in	O
two	O
cases	O
,	O
the	O
right	B-ANAT
middle	I-ANAT
lobe	I-ANAT
in	O
three	O
,	O
the	O
right	B-ANAT
lower	I-ANAT
lobe	I-ANAT
in	O
two	O
,	O
the	O
right	O
middle	O
-	O
lower	O
lobe	B-ANAT
in	O
two	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
left	B-ANAT
lower	I-ANAT
lobe	I-ANAT
in	O
three	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Frequency	O
of	O
common	O
viruses	B-SPEC
in	O
etiology	O
of	O
acute	O
respiratory	B-DISO
tract	I-DISO
infections	I-DISO
.	O

Sensitivity	O
of	O
the	O
PCR	O
and	O
cell	B-COMP
culture	O
methods	O
for	O
influenzavirus	B-SPEC
infections	B-DISO
were	O
detected	O
as	O
100	O
%	O
and	O
100	O
%,	O
respectively	O
.	O

Forty	O
-	O
eight	O
patients	O
were	O
diagnosed	O
with	O
acute	O
inflammatory	O
respiratory	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
.	O

Though	O
unspecific	O
,	O
it	O
could	O
be	O
used	O
in	O
a	O
panel	O
of	O
markers	O
discerning	O
COPD	B-DISO
smokers	O
from	O
healthy	O
nonsmokers	O
.	O

Geoffroy	B-SPEC
'	I-SPEC
s	I-SPEC
cats	I-SPEC
had	O
detectable	O
antibody	B-COMP
to	O
canine	B-SPEC
distemper	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
CDV	B-CHED
),	O
feline	B-SPEC
calicivirus	I-SPEC
(	O
FCV	B-CHED
),	O
feline	B-SPEC
coronavirus	B-SPEC
,	O
feline	B-SPEC
panleukopenia	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
FPV	B-SPEC
),	O
Toxoplasma	B-SPEC
gondii	I-SPEC
,	O
Leptospira	B-SPEC
interrogans	I-SPEC
(	O
serovars	O
Ictero	O
/	O
Icter	O
and	O
Ballum	O
),	O
and	O
Dirofilaria	B-SPEC
immitis	I-SPEC
.	O

We	O
encourage	O
continued	O
monitoring	O
for	O
diseases	O
in	O
wild	O
and	O
domestic	O
carnivores	B-SPEC
as	O
well	O
as	O
preventive	O
health	O
care	O
for	O
domestic	O
animals	B-SPEC
,	O
particularly	O
in	O
park	B-DISO
buffer	B-CHED
zones	O
where	O
overlap	O
is	O
greatest	O
.	O

We	O
performed	O
clinical	O
evaluations	O
and	O
investigated	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
infectious	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
through	O
serology	O
and	O
coprologic	O
tests	O
on	O
maned	O
wolves	O
from	O
Galheiro	O
Natural	O
Private	O
Reserve	O
,	O
Perdizes	O
City	O
,	O
Minas	O
Gerais	O
State	O
,	O
southeastern	O
Brazil	O
.	O

This	O
is	O
the	O
first	O
report	O
of	O
exposure	O
to	O
canine	B-SPEC
parainfluenza	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
in	O
Neotropical	O
free	O
-	O
ranging	O
wild	O
canids	B-SPEC
.	O

Recently	O
,	O
new	O
evidence	O
has	O
shown	O
that	O
paralytics	O
hold	O
more	O
promise	O
when	O
used	O
in	O
carefully	O
selected	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
patients	O
for	O
brief	O
periods	B-PROC
of	O
time	O
.	O

Ultimately	O
,	O
we	O
conclude	O
that	O
NMBAs	O
should	O
be	O
considered	O
a	O
lung	B-ANAT
protective	O
adjuvant	B-CHED
in	O
early	O
ARDS	B-DISO
and	O
that	O
clinicians	O
should	O
consider	O
using	O
an	O
alternative	O
NMBA	O
to	O
the	O
aminosteroids	O
in	O
septic	B-DISO
shock	I-DISO
with	O
less	O
severe	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
pending	O
further	O
studies	O
.	O

In	O
contrast	O
,	O
phylogenetic	O
analysis	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
N	B-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
showed	O
that	O
L748	O
was	O
more	O
closely	O
related	O
to	O
the	O
SE17	O
type	O
,	O
indicating	O
that	O
there	O
had	O
been	O
exchange	O
of	O
S1	O
genetic	O
materials	O
between	O
Mass	O
-	O
and	O
SE17	O
-	O
like	O
viruses	B-SPEC
.	O

Since	O
70	O
%	O
of	O
all	O
emerging	O
infectious	B-DISO
pathogens	O
came	O
from	O
animals	B-SPEC
,	O
the	O
emergence	O
of	O
this	O
novel	O
virus	B-SPEC
may	O
represent	O
another	O
instance	O
of	O
interspecies	O
jumping	O
of	O
betacoronavirus	B-SPEC
from	O
animals	B-SPEC
to	O
human	B-SPEC
similar	O
to	O
the	O
group	O
A	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
OC43	O
possibly	O
from	O
a	O
bovine	B-SPEC
source	O
in	O
the	O
1890s	O
and	O
the	O
group	B-DISO
B	I-DISO
SARS	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
in	O
2003	O
from	O
bat	B-ENZY
to	O
civet	B-SPEC
and	O
human	B-SPEC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Extracorporeal	O
lung	B-ANAT
support	O
technologies	O
-	O
bridge	O
to	O
recovery	O
and	O
bridge	O
to	O
lung	B-ANAT
transplantation	O
in	O
adult	O
patients	O
:	O
an	O
evidence	O
-	O
based	O
analysis	O
.	O

For	O
these	O
reasons	O
,	O
extracorporeal	O
lung	B-ANAT
support	O
technologies	O
may	O
play	O
an	O
important	O
role	O
in	O
the	O
clinical	O
management	O
of	O
patients	O
with	O
lung	O
failure	O
,	O
allowing	O
not	O
only	O
the	O
transfer	O
of	O
oxygen	B-CHED
and	O
carbon	B-CHED
dioxide	I-CHED
(	O
CO	O
(	O
2	O
))	O
but	O
also	O
buying	O
the	O
lungs	B-ANAT
the	O
time	O
needed	O
to	O
rest	B-FUNC
and	O
heal	B-PROC
.	O

As	O
a	O
bridge	O
to	O
recovery	O
after	O
LTx	O
-	O
used	O
as	O
lung	B-ANAT
support	O
for	O
patients	O
with	O
PGD	B-CHED
or	O
severe	O
hypoxemia	O
.	O

Depending	O
on	O
the	O
size	O
of	O
the	O
arterial	B-ANAT
cannula	B-SPEC
used	O
and	O
the	O
mean	O
systemic	O
arterial	B-PROC
pressure	I-PROC
,	O
a	O
blood	B-PROC
flow	I-PROC
of	O
up	O
to	O
2	O
.	O
5	O
L	O
/	O
min	O
can	O
be	O
achieved	O
(	O
up	O
to	O
5	O
.	O
5	O
L	O
/	O
min	O
with	O
an	O
external	O
pump	O
).	O

The	O
GRADE	O
system	O
classifies	O
the	O
quality	O
of	O
a	O
body	B-ANAT
of	O
evidence	O
as	O
high	O
,	O
moderate	O
,	O
low	O
,	O
or	O
very	O
low	O
according	O
to	O
four	O
key	O
elements	O
:	O
study	O
design	O
,	O
study	O
quality	O
,	O
consistency	O
across	O
studies	O
,	O
and	O
directness	O
.	O

Six	O
hours	O
after	O
initiation	O
of	O
ILA	B-PRGE
,	O
the	O
partial	O
pressure	O
of	O
CO	O
(	O
2	O
)	O
in	O
arterial	B-ANAT
blood	I-ANAT
significantly	O
decreased	O
(	O
P	O
<	O
.	O
05	O
)	O
and	O
arterial	B-ANAT
blood	I-ANAT
pH	O
significantly	O
improved	O
(	O
P	O
<	O
.	O
05	O
)	O
and	O
remained	O
stable	O
for	O
one	O
week	O
(	O
last	O
time	O
point	O
reported	O
).	O

(	O
ABSTRACT	O
TRUNCATED	O
)	O
RESULTS	O
:	O
TRIALS	O
ON	O
ILA	O
:	O
Of	O
the	O
seven	O
studies	O
identified	O
,	O
six	O
involved	O
patients	O
with	O
ARDS	B-DISO
caused	O
by	O
a	O
range	O
of	O
underlying	O
conditions	O
;	O
the	O
seventh	O
included	O
only	O
patients	O
awaiting	O
LTx	O
.	O

Therefore	O
,	O
when	O
exposure	O
to	O
airborne	O
infectious	B-DISO
pathogens	O
is	O
a	O
risk	O
,	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
an	O
in	O
-	O
room	O
air	B-CHED
cleaner	O
to	O
reduce	O
the	O
concentration	O
of	O
airborne	O
pathogens	O
and	O
prevent	O
the	O
spread	O
of	O
airborne	O
infectious	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
has	O
been	O
proposed	O
as	O
an	O
alternative	O
to	O
renovating	O
a	O
HVAC	O
system	O
.	O

Small	O
drops	O
of	O
moisture	O
carrying	O
infectious	B-DISO
pathogens	O
are	O
called	O
droplet	O
nuclei	B-CHED
.	O

Droplet	O
nuclei	B-CHED
are	O
about	O
1	O
to	O
5μm	O
in	O
diameter	O
.	O

Because	O
droplet	O
nuclei	B-CHED
remain	O
airborne	O
for	O
longer	O
periods	B-PROC
than	O
do	O
droplets	O
,	O
they	O
are	O
more	O
amenable	O
to	O
engineering	O
infection	B-DISO
control	O
methods	O
than	O
are	O
droplets	O
.	O

(	O
1	O
)	O
The	O
functional	O
unit	O
is	O
the	O
hydroxyl	B-CHED
,	O
which	O
is	O
a	O
molecule	O
comprised	O
of	O
one	O
oxygen	B-CHED
molecule	I-CHED
and	O
one	O
hydrogen	B-CHED
atom	I-CHED
.	O

The	O
GRADE	O
system	O
was	O
used	O
to	O
summarize	O
the	O
quality	O
of	O
the	O
body	B-ANAT
of	O
evidence	O
comprised	O
of	O
1	O
or	O
more	O
studies	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
report	O
maternal	O
and	O
perinatal	O
outcomes	O
in	O
obstetric	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
sepsis	O
and	O
septic	B-DISO
shock	I-DISO
.	O

It	O
is	O
possible	O
that	O
Chinese	O
herbs	O
combined	O
with	O
Western	O
medicines	O
may	O
improve	O
symptoms	O
,	O
quality	O
of	O
life	O
and	O
absorption	O
of	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
infiltration	I-DISO
,	O
and	O
decrease	O
the	O
corticosteroid	B-CHED
dosage	O
for	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
.	O

Ten	O
days	O
after	O
last	O
exposure	O
,	O
none	O
of	O
64	O
close	O
contacts	O
had	O
developed	O
severe	O
disease	O
,	O
with	O
13	O
of	O
64	O
reporting	O
mild	O
respiratory	B-DISO
symptoms	I-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Severe	O
respiratory	O
illness	O
caused	O
by	O
a	O
novel	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
,	O
in	O
a	O
patient	O
transferred	O
to	O
the	O
United	O
Kingdom	O
from	O
the	O
Middle	O
East	O
,	O
September	O
2012	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Field	O
epidemiology	O
involves	O
the	O
implementation	O
of	O
quick	O
and	O
targeted	B-PROC
public	O
health	O
interventions	O
with	O
the	O
aid	O
of	O
epidemiological	O
methods	O
.	O

Patients	O
aged	O
8	O
days	O
to	O
13	O
years	O
old	O
who	O
were	O
admitted	O
to	O
the	O
Department	O
of	O
Pediatrics	O
with	O
severe	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
were	O
enrolled	O
for	O
the	O
study	O
.	O

Upon	O
admission	O
,	O
polymerase	O
chain	O
reaction	O
was	O
performed	O
using	O
nasopharyngeal	B-ANAT
swabs	O
and	O
blood	B-ANAT
cultures	O
to	O
detect	O
respiratory	O
viruses	B-SPEC
and	O
bacteria	B-SPEC
,	O
respectively	O
.	O

Positivity	O
only	O
for	O
influenza	B-SPEC
A	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
OR	O
=	O
4	O
.	O
3	O
,	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
=	O
1	O
.	O
3	O
-	O
14	O
.	O
6	O
)	O
was	O
significantly	O
associated	O
with	O
fatal	O
outcome	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
HIV	O
-	O
1	O
reverse	B-PRGE
transcriptase	I-PRGE
(	O
RT	O
)	O
is	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
most	O
attracting	O
targets	O
for	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
early	O
phase	O
infection	B-DISO
inhibitors	B-CHED
.	O

The	O
frequencies	O
of	O
deviations	O
from	O
the	O
treatment	O
goals	O
were	O
:	O
episodes	O
of	O
intracranial	B-DISO
hypertension	I-DISO
69	O
.	O
5	O
%	O
(	O
of	O
monitored	O
patients	O
),	O
hypotension	O
20	O
.	O
3	O
%,	O
anaemia	B-DISO
77	O
.	O
4	O
%,	O
hyperglycaemia	B-DISO
42	O
.	O
9	O
%,	O
hyponatremia	O
34	O
.	O
6	O
%,	O
hypoalbuminemia	O
30	O
.	O
8	O
%	O
and	O
hyperthermia	B-PROC
54	O
.	O
9	O
%.	O

Pulmonary	B-DISO
complications	I-DISO
were	O
common	O
(	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
72	O
.	O
2	O
%,	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
/	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
31	O
.	O
6	O
%).	O

A	O
household	O
survey	O
was	O
conducted	O
in	O
those	O
cases	O
with	O
confirmed	O
A	O
(	O
H1N1	O
)	O
infection	B-DISO
,	O
to	O
identify	O
contacts	O
and	O
history	O
related	O
to	O
influenza	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
transmission	O
.	O

Clinical	O
diagnosis	O
relies	O
on	O
the	O
following	O
4	O
criteria	O
stated	O
by	O
the	O
American	O
-	O
European	O
Consensus	O
Conference	O
:	O
acute	O
onset	O
of	O
impaired	B-DISO
gas	I-DISO
exchange	I-DISO
,	O
severe	O
hypoxemia	O
defined	O
as	O
a	O
PaO2	O
to	O
FiO2	O
ratio	O
<	O
300	O
(	O
PaO2	O
in	O
mmHg	O
),	O
bilateral	O
diffuse	O
infiltration	B-DISO
on	O
chest	B-ANAT
X	O
-	O
ray	B-SPEC
;	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
artery	I-ANAT
wedge	O
pressure	O
of	O
≤	O
18	O
mmHg	O
to	O
rule	O
out	O
cardiogenic	O
causes	O
of	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
edema	I-DISO
.	O

Because	O
of	O
the	O
extent	O
of	O
surgery	O
,	O
patients	O
undergoing	O
bilateral	O
total	O
knee	B-ANAT
arthroplasty	O
may	O
be	O
at	O
high	O
risk	O
of	O
complications	O
.	O

The	O
level	O
of	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
6	I-FUNC
was	O
measured	O
at	O
baseline	O
and	O
at	O
six	O
,	O
ten	O
,	O
twenty	O
-	O
four	O
,	O
and	O
forty	O
-	O
eight	O
hours	O
postoperatively	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Danger	O
-	O
associated	O
molecular	O
patterns	O
(	O
DAMPs	O
)	O
in	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
.	O

This	O
review	O
describes	O
the	O
function	O
and	O
the	O
management	O
of	O
ECMO	O
-	O
therapy	O
in	O
ARDS	B-DISO
-	O
patients	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Besides	O
being	O
a	O
common	O
threat	O
to	O
farm	O
animals	O
and	O
poultry	O
,	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
CoV	O
)	O
was	O
responsible	O
for	O
the	O
human	B-SPEC
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
epidemic	O
in	O
2002	O
-	O
4	O
.	O

The	O
incubation	O
period	O
helps	O
differential	O
diagnosis	O
,	O
and	O
up	O
to	O
two	O
days	O
is	O
suggestive	O
of	O
influenza	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Influenza	B-DISO
A	I-PATH
:	O
From	O
highly	O
pathogenic	O
H5N1	B-DISO
to	O
pandemic	O
2009	O
H1N1	O
.	O

Most	O
patients	O
have	O
presented	O
with	O
severe	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
and	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

However	O
,	O
in	O
the	O
recent	O
two	O
years	O
,	O
there	O
was	O
no	O
significant	O
progress	O
in	O
the	O
development	O
of	O
a	O
new	O
drug	O
for	O
critically	B-DISO
ill	I-DISO
patients	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Institute	O
for	O
Quality	O
and	O
Efficiency	O
in	O
Health	O
Care	O
:	O
Executive	O
Summaries	O
ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Gestational	B-DISO
diabetes	I-DISO
(	O
GDM	B-DISO
:	O
gestational	B-DISO
diabetes	I-DISO
mellitus	I-DISO
)	O
is	O
generally	O
understood	O
to	O
mean	O
any	O
impaired	B-DISO
glucose	I-DISO
tolerance	I-DISO
(	O
IGT	O
)	O
first	O
occurring	O
or	O
diagnosed	O
during	O
pregnancy	O
.	O

Gestational	B-DISO
diabetes	I-DISO
is	O
viewed	O
by	O
many	O
professional	O
associations	O
as	O
a	O
disorder	O
that	O
should	O
be	O
diagnosed	O
and	O
treated	O
,	O
and	O
which	O
should	O
be	O
systematically	O
identified	O
through	O
general	O
screening	O
.	O

the	O
relationship	O
between	O
the	O
results	O
of	O
an	O
oral	B-ANAT
glucose	B-PROC
tolerance	B-DISO
test	O
(	O
oGTT	O
)	O
and	O
maternal	O
/	O
baby	O
outcomes	O
,	O
and	O
4	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Calf	B-ANAT
diarrhea	B-DISO
is	O
a	O
multifactorial	O
disease	O
related	O
to	O
a	O
combination	O
of	O
host	O
and	O
pathogen	O
factors	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Epstein	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
Barr	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
-	O
induced	O
gene	O
3	O
negatively	O
regulates	O
neuroinflammation	O
and	O
T	B-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
activation	I-PROC
following	O
coronavirus	O
-	O
induced	O
encephalomyelitis	B-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
A	O
31	O
-	O
year	O
-	O
old	O
pregnant	O
woman	O
presented	O
with	O
refractory	O
severe	O
hypercalcemia	O
due	O
to	O
an	O
advanced	O
neuroendocrine	B-DISO
tumor	I-DISO
masquerading	O
as	O
hyperemesis	B-DISO
gravidarum	I-DISO
.	O

Octreotide	B-CHED
therapy	O
and	O
extensive	O
tumor	B-DISO
debulking	O
surgery	O
resulted	O
in	O
symptom	B-DISO
control	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
heptide	O
repeat	O
(	O
HR	O
)	O
region	O
in	O
the	O
spike	O
protein	B-CHED
induces	O
neutralizing	O
antibodies	B-COMP
that	O
block	O
the	O
postfusion	O
core	O
formation	B-PROC
and	O
inhibit	O
virus	B-SPEC
entry	O
into	O
target	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Human	B-SPEC
populations	O
are	O
rarely	O
exposed	O
to	O
one	O
pathogen	O
alone	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Workforce	O
integration	B-PROC
of	O
new	O
graduate	O
nurses	O
:	O
evaluation	O
of	O
a	O
health	O
human	B-SPEC
resources	O
employment	O
policy	O
.	O

The	O
purpose	O
of	O
this	O
study	O
was	O
to	O
examine	O
facilitators	O
and	O
barriers	O
to	O
policy	O
implementation	O
and	O
assess	O
the	O
impact	O
of	O
the	O
NGG	O
on	O
full	O
-	O
time	O
employment	O
and	O
workforce	O
integration	B-PROC
of	O
new	O
graduate	O
nurses	O
in	O
Ontario	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Influenza	B-DISO
A	I-PATH
(	O
H1N1	O
)	O
pdm09	O
-	O
related	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
and	O
other	O
complications	O
.	O

The	O
main	O
complications	O
reported	O
in	O
hospitalized	O
adults	O
with	O
influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
(	O
H1N1	O
)	O
pdm09	O
were	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
(	O
primary	O
influenza	B-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
and	O
concomitant	O
/	O
secondary	B-DISO
bacterial	I-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
),	O
exacerbations	O
of	O
chronic	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
(	O
mainly	O
chronic	B-DISO
obstructive	I-DISO
pulmonary	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
and	O
asthma	B-PATH
),	O
the	O
need	O
for	O
intensive	O
unit	O
care	O
admission	O
(	O
including	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
,	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
and	O
septic	B-DISO
shock	I-DISO
),	O
nosocomial	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
and	O
acute	O
cardiac	B-DISO
events	I-DISO
.	O

While	O
9	O
(	O
53	O
%)	O
of	O
17	O
influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
(	O
H1N1	O
)	O
pdm09	O
decedents	O
with	O
available	O
data	O
had	O
obesity	B-DISO
and	O
7	O
(	O
17	O
%)	O
of	O
40	O
had	O
diabetes	B-DISO
,	O
less	O
than	O
4	O
%	O
of	O
surviving	O
influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
(	O
H1N1	O
)	O
pdm09	O
case	O
-	O
patients	O
had	O
these	O
pre	O
-	O
existing	O
conditions	O
(	O
p	O
≤	O
0	O
.	O
001	O
).	O

Cats	B-SPEC
were	O
submitted	O
to	O
clinical	O
evaluations	O
and	O
concomitant	O
virus	B-SPEC
excretion	B-PROC
assessement	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Reverse	B-PROC
transcription	I-PROC
-	O
loop	O
-	O
mediated	O
isothermal	O
amplification	B-DISO
for	O
the	O
detection	O
of	O
rodent	B-SPEC
coronaviruses	O
.	O

The	O
purpose	O
of	O
this	O
study	O
was	O
to	O
describe	O
clinical	O
,	O
hematological	O
and	O
fecal	O
PCR	O
results	O
from	O
161	O
horses	B-SPEC
involved	O
in	O
outbreaks	O
associated	O
with	O
ECoV	O
.	O
The	O
outbreaks	O
happened	O
at	O
four	O
separate	O
boarding	O
facilities	O
between	O
November	O
2011	O
and	O
April	O
2012	O
in	O
the	O
States	O
of	O
CA	O
,	O
TX	O
,	O
WI	O
and	O
MA	O
.	O

Four	O
horses	B-SPEC
from	O
3	O
different	O
outbreaks	O
were	O
euthanized	O
or	O
died	B-PROC
due	O
to	O
rapid	O
progression	O
of	O
clinical	O
signs	O
.	O

Alignments	O
of	O
amino	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
sequences	O
from	O
a	O
large	O
number	O
of	O
IBV	B-SPEC
isolates	O
indicated	O
that	O
the	O
two	O
epitopes	O
,	O
especially	O
(	O
242	O
)	O
FGPRTK	O
(	O
247	O
),	O
were	O
well	O
conserved	O
among	O
IBV	B-SPEC
strains	O
.	O

The	O
novel	O
mAbs	O
and	O
the	O
epitopes	O
identified	O
will	O
be	O
useful	O
for	O
developing	O
diagnostic	O
assays	O
for	O
IBV	B-SPEC
infections	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Extraordinary	O
GU	O
-	O
rich	O
single	O
-	O
strand	O
RNA	O
identified	O
from	O
SARS	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
contributes	O
an	O
excessive	O
innate	O
immune	O
response	O
.	O

This	O
study	O
not	O
only	O
presents	O
new	O
evidence	O
about	O
the	O
immunopathologic	O
damage	O
caused	O
by	O
overactive	O
inflammation	B-DISO
during	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
CoV	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
,	O
but	O
also	O
provides	O
a	O
useful	O
clue	O
for	O
a	O
new	O
therapeutic	O
strategy	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Formic	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
poisoning	O
in	O
a	O
tertiary	O
care	O
center	O
in	O
South	O
India	O
:	O
A	O
2	O
-	O
year	O
retrospective	O
analysis	O
of	O
clinical	O
profile	O
and	O
predictors	O
of	O
mortality	O
.	O

This	O
study	O
highlights	O
the	O
magnitude	O
and	O
ill	B-DISO
-	O
effects	O
of	O
self	O
-	O
harm	O
caused	O
by	O
a	O
strong	O
corrosive	O
,	O
readily	O
available	O
due	O
to	O
very	O
few	O
restrictions	O
in	O
its	O
distribution	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
New	O
anthraquinone	B-CHED
derivatives	O
as	O
inhibitors	B-CHED
of	O
the	O
HIV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
1	I-SPEC
reverse	B-ENZY
transcriptase	I-ENZY
-	O
associated	O
ribonuclease	B-ENZY
H	I-ENZY
function	O
.	O

We	O
have	O
assayed	O
new	O
AQ	O
derivatives	O
on	O
HIV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
1	I-SPEC
RNase	B-PRGE
H	I-PRGE
activities	O
in	O
biochemical	O
assays	O
.	O

While	O
in	O
first	O
case	O
severe	B-DISO
pain	I-DISO
in	O
abdomen	B-ANAT
with	O
intermittent	O
exacerbation	O
was	O
the	O
only	O
presentation	O
,	O
the	O
second	O
patient	O
presented	O
as	O
accelerated	B-DISO
hypertension	I-DISO
and	O
acute	O
abdominal	B-ANAT
crises	O
in	O
whom	O
the	O
clinical	O
course	O
was	O
characterized	O
by	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
deep	O
coma	B-DISO
due	O
to	O
inappropriate	O
secretion	B-PROC
of	O
antidiuretic	B-CHED
hormone	I-CHED
before	O
she	O
made	O
complete	O
recovery	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Pulmonary	B-ANAT
complications	I-DISO
are	O
prevalent	O
in	O
the	O
critically	O
ill	O
neurological	O
population	O
.	O

Laboratory	O
markers	O
,	O
interventions	O
,	O
medications	O
,	O
systemic	B-DISO
inflammatory	I-DISO
response	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SIRS	B-DISO
)	O
and	O
sepsis	B-DISO
criteria	O
,	O
length	O
of	O
stay	O
,	O
and	O
hospital	O
mortality	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
expected	O
mortality	O
,	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
SAPSII	O
-	O
expanded	O
score	O
,	O
were	O
assessed	O
retrospectively	O
.	O

Whether	O
central	O
venous	B-ANAT
lines	O
and	O
nonadherence	O
to	O
cardiac	B-ANAT
care	O
guidelines	O
influence	O
the	O
mortality	O
of	O
patients	O
with	O
IAT	O
should	O
be	O
investigated	O
in	O
further	O
studies	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Biogenesis	B-PROC
of	O
the	O
vaccinia	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
membrane	B-COMP
:	O
genetic	O
and	O
ultrastructural	O
analysis	O
of	O
the	O
contributions	O
of	O
the	O
A14	O
and	O
A17	O
proteins	O
.	O

When	O
the	O
proteins	B-CHED
are	O
induced	O
at	O
12	O
h	O
postinfection	O
(	O
hpi	B-DISO
),	O
crescents	O
appear	O
at	O
the	O
periphery	O
of	O
the	O
electron	O
-	O
dense	O
virosomes	O
,	O
with	O
the	O
accumulated	O
vesicles	B-COMP
likely	O
contributing	O
to	O
their	O
formation	B-PROC
.	O

For	O
A17	O
,	O
truncation	B-DISO
or	O
mutation	O
of	O
the	O
N	O
terminus	O
of	O
A17	O
engendered	O
a	O
phenotype	O
consistent	O
with	O
the	O
N	O
terminus	O
of	O
A17	O
recruiting	O
the	O
D13	B-PRGE
scaffold	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
to	O
nascent	O
membranes	B-ANAT
.	O

In	O
vivo	O
,	O
the	O
biological	O
competency	O
of	O
A17	O
was	O
reduced	O
by	O
mutations	O
that	O
prevented	O
its	O
serine	B-CHED
-	O
threonine	B-CHED
phosphorylation	B-PROC
and	O
restored	O
by	O
phosphomimetic	O
substitutions	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Patients	O
who	O
developed	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
distress	O
syndrome	O
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
after	O
infection	B-DISO
with	O
severe	O
respiratory	O
viruses	B-SPEC
(	O
e	O
.	O
g	O
.,	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
-	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
,	O
H5N1	B-DISO
avian	B-SPEC
influenza	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
),	O
exhibited	O
unusually	O
high	O
levels	O
of	O
CXCL10	B-PRGE
,	O
which	O
belongs	O
to	O
the	O
non	O
-	O
ELR	O
(	O
glutamic	O
-	O
leucine	B-CHED
-	O
arginine	B-CHED
)	O
CXC	O
chemokine	O
superfamily	B-SPEC
.	O

CXCL10	B-PRGE
may	O
not	O
be	O
a	O
bystander	O
to	O
the	O
severe	O
virus	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
but	O
may	O
directly	O
contribute	O
to	O
the	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
of	O
neutrophil	B-ANAT
-	O
mediated	O
,	O
excessive	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
inflammation	I-DISO
.	O

CXCL10	B-PRGE
-	O
CXCR3	B-PRGE
acts	O
in	O
an	O
autocrine	B-PROC
fashion	O
on	O
the	O
oxidative	B-PROC
burst	I-PROC
and	O
chemotaxis	B-PROC
in	O
the	O
inflamed	O
neutrophils	B-ANAT
,	O
leading	O
to	O
fulminant	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
inflammation	I-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
core	O
neutralizing	O
epitope	B-CHED
(	O
COE	O
)	O
region	O
of	O
porcine	B-SPEC
epidemic	I-SPEC
diarrhea	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
)	O
plays	O
an	O
important	O
role	O
in	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
the	O
subunit	O
vaccine	O
against	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
.	O

Our	O
results	O
showed	O
that	O
mice	B-SPEC
immunized	O
orogastrically	O
with	O
L	O
.	O
casei	O
expressing	O
COE	O
or	O
LTB	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
COE	I-PRGE
produced	O
secretory	B-PRGE
immunoglobulin	B-PROC
A	I-PRGE
and	O
immunoglobulin	B-PRGE
G	I-PRGE
with	O
the	O
ability	O
to	O
neutralize	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
in	O
sera	B-COMP
and	O
mucus	B-ANAT
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Disseminated	O
phaeohyphomycoses	O
are	O
rare	O
infections	B-DISO
caused	O
by	O
dematiaceous	O
fungi	B-SPEC
.	O

We	O
report	O
herein	O
an	O
O	O
gallopavum	O
phaeohyphomycosis	B-DISO
with	O
involvement	O
of	O
skin	B-ANAT
in	O
a	O
transplant	B-ANAT
recipient	O
.	O

Chest	B-ANAT
X	O
-	O
ray	B-SPEC
showed	O
no	O
evidence	O
of	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
.	O

Additional	O
intravenous	O
therapy	O
with	O
tobramycin	B-CHED
and	O
imipenem	B-CHED
was	O
started	O
upon	O
detection	O
of	O
Enterobacter	B-SPEC
clocae	O
and	O
Enterococci	O
in	O
the	O
sputum	B-ANAT
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
investigate	O
the	O
effect	O
of	O
Chaiqinchengqi	O
decoction	O
(	O
CQCQD	O
)	O
on	O
serum	O
amyloid	B-DISO
A	O
(	O
SAA	B-PRGE
)	O
in	O
severe	O
acute	B-DISO
pancreatitis	I-DISO
(	O
SAP	O
)	O
patients	O
.	O

SAA	O
was	O
positively	O
correlated	O
with	O
serum	B-COMP
CRP	B-PRGE
(	O
R	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
346	O
,	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
042	O
),	O
Ranson	O
score	O
(	O
R	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
442	O
,	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
008	O
)	O
and	O
serum	B-PRGE
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
6	I-FUNC
(	O
R	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
359	O
,	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
034	O
).	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Porcine	O
epidemic	O
diarrhea	O
virus	O
(	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
)	O
is	O
the	O
causative	O
agent	O
of	O
porcine	B-SPEC
epidemic	B-DISO
diarrhea	I-DISO
(	O
PED	O
),	O
which	O
is	O
characterized	O
by	O
severe	B-DISO
diarrhea	I-DISO
,	O
dehydration	B-DISO
and	O
high	O
mortality	O
in	O
the	O
affected	O
pigs	B-SPEC
.	O

PEDV	B-SPEC
was	O
detected	O
in	O
92	O
.	O
7	O
%	O
of	O
the	O
samples	O
(	O
267	O
/	O
288	O
).	O

The	O
15	O
M	O
genes	O
that	O
were	O
amplified	O
shared	O
99	O
.	O
6	O
-	O
100	O
%	O
nucleotide	B-CHED
identity	O
and	O
99	O
.	O
1	O
-	O
100	O
%	O
amino	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
similarity	O
with	O
each	O
other	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Clinical	O
impact	O
of	O
A	O
/	O
H1	O
/	O
N1	O
/	O
09	O
influenza	B-DISO
in	O
patients	O
with	O
cirrhosis	B-DISO
:	O
experience	O
from	O
a	O
nosocomial	O
cluster	O
of	O
infection	O
.	O

None	O
of	O
patients	O
without	O
cirrhosis	B-DISO
died	B-PROC
.	O

This	O
lesion	O
is	O
detected	O
at	O
slaughterhouses	O
and	O
is	O
characterized	O
by	O
paleness	B-DISO
and	O
atrophy	B-DISO
of	O
the	O
deep	B-ANAT
pectoral	I-ANAT
muscle	I-ANAT
,	O
including	O
necrosis	B-PROC
of	O
the	O
region	O
,	O
leading	O
to	O
condemnations	O
of	O
the	O
breast	B-ANAT
muscle	B-ANAT
,	O
a	O
valuable	O
meat	O
cut	O
in	O
the	O
market	O
.	O

The	O
tracheal	O
,	O
cecal	B-ANAT
tonsil	I-ANAT
,	O
and	O
supracoracoid	O
muscle	B-ANAT
(	O
with	O
and	O
without	O
lesions	O
)	O
samples	O
from	O
the	O
40	O
broiler	O
flocks	O
were	O
screened	O
by	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
to	O
detect	O
IBV	B-SPEC
.	O

Data	O
from	O
patients	O
admitted	O
for	O
H1N1	O
-	O
associated	O
ARDS	B-DISO
to	O
French	O
ICUs	O
were	O
prospectively	O
collected	O
from	O
2009	O
to	O
2011	O
through	O
the	O
national	O
REVA	O
registry	O
.	O

This	O
may	O
be	O
circumvented	O
by	O
having	O
the	O
participants	O
collect	O
their	O
own	O
nasal	B-ANAT
swabs	O
.	O

We	O
presented	O
a	O
male	O
patient	O
,	O
aged	O
50	O
,	O
hospitalized	O
in	O
the	O
Emergency	B-DISO
Center	O
Kragujevac	O
due	O
to	O
altered	B-DISO
mental	I-DISO
status	I-DISO
(	O
Glasgow	O
Coma	B-DISO
Score	O
11	O
),	O
partial	O
respiratory	B-DISO
insufficiency	I-DISO
(	O
pO2	B-PROC
7	O
.	O
5	O
kPa	O
,	O
pCO2	O
4	O
.	O
3	O
kPa	O
,	O
SpO2	O
89	O
%),	O
weakness	B-DISO
of	O
lower	B-ANAT
extremities	I-ANAT
and	O
atypical	O
electrocardiographic	O
changes	O
.	O

Laboratory	O
analyses	O
,	O
carried	O
out	O
immediately	O
after	O
the	O
patient	O
'	O
s	O
admission	O
to	O
the	O
Emergency	B-DISO
Center	O
,	O
registered	O
the	O
following	O
disturbances	O
:	O
high	O
hyperkalemia	O
level	O
(	O
K	O
+	O
9	O
.	O
9	O
m	O
mol	O
/	O
L	O
),	O
increased	O
levels	O
of	O
urea	B-CHED
(	O
30	O
.	O
1	O
mmol	O
/	O
L	O
),	O
creatinine	B-CHED
(	O
400	O
micromol	O
/	O
L	O
),	O
creatine	B-CHED
phosphokinase	O
--	O
CK	O
(	O
12	O
,	O
0350	O
IU	O
/	O
L	O
),	O
CK	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
MB	I-FUNC
(	O
2500	O
IU	O
/	O
L	O
)	O
and	O
myoglobin	B-PRGE
(	O
57000	O
microg	O
/	O
L	O
),	O
with	O
normal	O
levels	O
of	O
troponin	B-PRGE
I	I-PRGE
(<	O
0	O
.	O
01	O
microg	O
/	O
L	O
),	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
signs	O
of	O
anemia	B-DISO
(	O
Hgb	O
92	O
g	O
/	O
L	O
,	O
Er	O
3	O
.	O
61	O
x	O
10	O
(	O
12	O
)/	O
L	O
),	O
infection	B-DISO
(	O
C	O
-	O
reactive	O
proteine	O
184	O
microg	O
/	O
mL	O
,	O
Le	O
16	O
.	O
1	O
x	O
10	O
(	O
9	O
)/	O
L	O
)	O
and	O
acidosis	B-DISO
(	O
base	O
excess	O
--	O
18	O
.	O
4	O
mmol	O
/	O
L	O
,	O
pH	O
7	O
.	O
26	O
.	O

Normalization	O
of	O
kalemia	O
and	O
fast	B-FUNC
regression	O
of	O
electrocardiographic	O
changes	O
were	O
registered	O
.	O

Therefore	O
,	O
on	O
the	O
day	O
30	O
of	O
hospitalization	O
the	O
above	O
-	O
knee	B-ANAT
amputation	O
of	O
the	O
right	B-ANAT
leg	I-ANAT
was	O
performed	O
,	O
and	O
on	O
the	O
day	O
38	O
the	O
transmetatarsal	O
amputation	O
of	O
the	O
left	B-ANAT
foot	I-ANAT
was	O
carried	O
out	O
.	O

His	O
respiratory	O
condition	B-DISO
improved	O
,	O
and	O
he	O
was	O
weaned	B-PROC
from	O
V	O
-	O
V	O
ECMO	O
.	O

This	O
paper	O
describes	O
the	O
experience	O
of	O
Toronto	B-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
dealing	O
with	O
the	O
2003	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
epidemic	O
and	O
later	O
that	O
year	O
the	O
Great	O
Northeastern	O
Blackout	B-DISO
.	O

Therefore	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
necessary	O
to	O
review	O
the	O
experience	O
on	O
rescue	O
use	O
of	O
ECMO	O
in	O
critically	B-DISO
ill	I-DISO
pediatric	O
patients	O
.	O

His	O
motor	O
function	O
has	O
been	O
improved	O
following	O
orthopedic	O
operation	O
at	O
one	O
year	O
after	O
discharge	B-ANAT
.	O

METHODS	O
:	O
A	O
retrospective	O
analysis	O
was	O
done	O
for	O
patients	O
who	O
had	O
been	O
receiving	O
ECMO	O
treatment	O
to	O
rescue	O
refractory	O
cardiorespiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
from	O
different	O
causes	O
in	O
a	O
hospital	O
between	O
July	O
2007	O
and	O
May	O
2011	O
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
ECMO	O
is	O
a	O
justifiable	O
alternative	O
treatment	O
for	O
reversible	O
severe	O
cardiopulmonary	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
in	O
critically	B-DISO
ill	I-DISO
children	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Unusual	O
presentation	O
of	O
sacrococcygeal	O
teratomas	B-DISO
and	O
associated	O
malformations	B-DISO
in	O
children	O
:	O
clinical	O
experience	O
and	O
review	O
of	O
the	O
literature	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Sacrococcygeal	O
teratomas	O
are	O
the	O
most	O
common	O
and	O
best	O
known	O
extragonadal	O
teratomas	B-DISO
in	O
neonates	O
and	O
infants	O
,	O
but	O
they	O
sometimes	O
present	O
unique	O
,	O
distinctive	O
features	O
unlike	O
those	O
commonly	O
described	O
,	O
that	O
can	O
be	O
considered	O
exceptional	O
and	O
noteworthy	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
applicability	O
of	O
pulse	B-PROC
pressure	I-PROC
variation	O
(	O
ΔPP	O
)	O
to	O
predict	O
fluid	O
responsiveness	O
using	O
lung	B-ANAT
-	O
protective	O
ventilation	O
strategies	O
is	O
uncertain	O
in	O
clinical	O
practice	O
.	O

The	O
major	O
clinical	O
symptoms	O
associated	O
with	O
HCoV	O
-	O
HKU1	O
infection	B-DISO
were	O
examined	O
statistically	O
and	O
sequence	O
variations	O
of	O
the	O
RNA	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
dependent	I-PRGE
RNA	I-PRGE
polymerase	I-PRGE
(	O
RdRp	B-FUNC
),	O
spike	O
,	O
and	O
nucleocapsid	B-COMP
genes	O
were	O
also	O
analyzed	O
.	O

CPAP	B-PRGE
is	O
a	O
relatively	O
low	O
-	O
cost	O
,	O
low	O
-	O
technology	O
that	O
is	O
a	O
safe	O
method	O
to	O
decrease	O
respiratory	O
rate	O
in	O
children	O
with	O
nonspecific	O
respiratory	B-DISO
distress	I-DISO
.	O

The	O
CK	O
/	O
CH	O
/	O
Zhejiang	O
/	O
06	O
/	O
10	O
strain	O
(	O
IBV	B-SPEC
-	O
YX10	O
)	O
was	O
isolated	O
from	O
a	O
12	O
-	O
day	O
-	O
old	O
broiler	O
chicken	B-SPEC
in	O
a	O
flock	O
of	O
chickens	B-SPEC
with	O
swollen	O
speckled	O
kidneys	B-ANAT
and	O
distended	O
ureters	B-ANAT
filled	O
with	O
uric	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
in	O
China	O
in	O
2010	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Complete	O
genome	O
sequence	O
of	O
novel	O
porcine	B-SPEC
epidemic	I-SPEC
diarrhea	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
strain	O
GD	O
-	O
1	O
in	O
China	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Porcine	O
epidemic	O
diarrhea	O
virus	O
(	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
)	O
infection	B-DISO
,	O
which	O
causes	O
acute	B-DISO
diarrhea	I-DISO
and	O
dehydration	B-DISO
in	O
suckling	O
piglets	O
,	O
has	O
become	O
a	O
serious	O
problem	O
for	O
the	O
swine	B-SPEC
industry	O
of	O
China	O
in	O
recent	O
years	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Complete	O
genome	O
sequence	O
of	O
a	O
virulent	O
porcine	B-SPEC
epidemic	I-SPEC
diarrhea	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
strain	O
.	O

Although	O
the	O
putative	O
causative	O
virus	B-SPEC
of	O
the	O
disease	O
was	O
not	O
isolated	O
,	O
the	O
genomic	O
sequence	O
of	O
porcine	B-SPEC
epidemic	I-SPEC
diarrhea	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
)	O
was	O
consistently	O
detected	O
from	O
feces	B-ANAT
of	O
diseased	O
pigs	B-SPEC
by	O
reverse	B-PROC
transcription	I-PROC
-	O
PCR	O
(	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
).	O

Three	O
assays	O
were	O
conducted	O
:	O
inhibition	O
of	O
cancer	B-ANAT
cell	B-COMP
proliferation	O
,	O
inhibition	B-PROC
of	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
replication	O
for	O
anticoronavirus	O
activity	O
,	O
and	O
suppression	B-DISO
of	O
nitric	B-CHED
oxide	I-CHED
production	O
in	O
RAW264	O
.	O
7	O
cells	B-COMP
(	O
a	O
measure	O
of	O
anti	O
-	O
inflammation	B-DISO
).	O

We	O
used	O
data	O
from	O
a	O
new	O
sentinel	O
surveillance	O
system	O
to	O
investigate	O
the	O
seasonality	O
and	O
characteristics	O
of	O
influenza	B-DISO
,	O
including	O
pandemic	O
(	O
pdm	O
)	O
influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
H1N1	O
,	O
in	O
Zambia	O
.	O

Nasopharyngeal	B-ANAT
and	O
oropharyngeal	B-ANAT
swabs	O
and	O
structured	O
questionnaires	O
were	O
collected	O
from	O
eligible	O
patients	O
and	O
samples	O
were	O
tested	O
by	O
real	O
-	O
time	O
reverse	O
-	O
transcription	B-PROC
polymerase	O
chain	O
reaction	O
for	O
influenza	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
types	O
and	O
subtypes	O
.	O

While	O
influenza	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
,	O
enterovirus	B-SPEC
,	O
RSV	B-SPEC
,	O
and	O
HMPV	B-SPEC
had	O
a	O
defined	O
period	O
of	O
circulation	B-PROC
,	O
the	O
other	O
viruses	B-SPEC
were	O
detected	O
throughout	O
the	O
year	O
.	O

We	O
found	O
that	O
respiratory	O
viruses	B-SPEC
play	O
an	O
important	O
role	O
in	O
the	O
etiology	O
of	O
ILI	O
in	O
Cameroon	O
,	O
particularly	O
in	O
children	O
<	O
5	O
years	O
of	O
age	O
.	O

While	O
influenza	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
,	O
enterovirus	B-SPEC
,	O
RSV	B-SPEC
,	O
and	O
HMPV	B-SPEC
had	O
a	O
defined	O
period	O
of	O
circulation	B-PROC
,	O
the	O
other	O
viruses	B-SPEC
were	O
detected	O
throughout	O
the	O
year	O
.	O

By	O
establishing	O
its	O
complete	O
genome	O
sequence	O
,	O
HCoV	O
-	O
EMC	B-COMP
/	O
2012	O
was	O
characterized	O
as	O
a	O
new	O
genotype	O
which	O
is	O
closely	O
related	O
to	O
bat	B-ENZY
coronaviruses	O
that	O
are	O
distant	O
from	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
.	O
We	O
expect	O
that	O
this	O
information	O
will	O
be	O
vital	O
to	O
rapid	O
advancement	O
of	O
both	O
clinical	O
and	O
vital	O
research	O
on	O
this	O
emerging	O
pathogen	O
.	O

Exogenous	O
surfactant	B-CHED
replacement	O
in	O
animal	B-SPEC
models	O
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
and	O
neonatal	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
shows	O
consistent	O
improvements	O
in	O
gas	B-ENZY
exchange	O
and	O
survival	O
.	O

Absence	O
of	O
phenotypic	O
characterisation	O
of	O
patients	O
,	O
the	O
lack	O
of	O
an	O
ideal	O
natural	O
surfactant	B-CHED
material	O
with	O
adequate	O
surfactant	B-CHED
proteins	B-CHED
,	O
coupled	O
with	O
uncertainty	O
about	O
optimal	O
timing	O
,	O
dosing	O
and	O
delivery	O
method	O
are	O
some	O
of	O
the	O
limitations	O
of	O
published	O
surfactant	B-CHED
replacement	O
clinical	O
trials	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Feline	O
infectious	O
peritonitis	O
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
FIPV	O
)	O
and	O
feline	B-SPEC
enteric	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
(	O
FECV	B-SPEC
)	O
are	O
two	O
important	O
coronaviruses	O
of	O
domestic	B-SPEC
cat	I-SPEC
worldwide	O
.	O

The	O
present	O
study	O
indicated	O
that	O
type	B-PRGE
I	I-PRGE
FCoV	I-PRGE
is	O
more	O
prevalent	O
among	O
cats	B-SPEC
in	O
Malaysia	O
.	O

Using	O
the	O
purified	O
recombinant	O
NP	O
as	O
an	O
antigen	B-CHED
,	O
a	O
polyclonal	O
antibody	B-COMP
from	O
rabbit	B-SPEC
serum	B-COMP
with	O
specificity	O
for	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
OC43	I-SPEC
NP	O
was	O
generated	O
;	O
this	O
antibody	B-COMP
reacts	O
specifically	O
with	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
OC43	I-SPEC
NP	O
and	O
does	O
not	O
cross	O
-	O
react	O
with	O
other	O
human	B-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
NPs	B-DISO
(	O
including	O
those	O
of	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
and	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
229E	I-SPEC
)	O
by	O
Western	O
blot	O
.	O

The	O
results	O
revealed	O
that	O
strains	O
ck	O
/	O
CH	O
/	O
LNM	O
/	O
091017	O
and	O
ck	O
/	O
CH	O
/	O
LDL	B-CHED
/	O
101212	O
were	O
closely	O
related	O
to	O
the	O
H120	O
vaccine	O
,	O
which	O
suggests	O
that	O
they	O
might	O
represent	O
re	O
-	O
isolations	O
of	O
vaccine	O
strains	O
or	O
variants	O
of	O
vaccine	O
strains	O
that	O
have	O
resulted	O
from	O
the	O
accumulated	O
point	B-PROC
mutations	I-PROC
after	O
several	O
passages	O
in	O
chickens	B-SPEC
.	O

IBV	B-SPEC
Gray	O
strain	O
infection	B-DISO
of	O
MHC	B-PROC
homozygous	O
B12	B-PRGE
and	O
B19	O
haplotype	O
chicks	O
resulted	O
in	O
severe	O
respiratory	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
compared	O
to	O
chicks	O
with	O
B2	O
/	O
B2	O
and	O
B5	O
/	O
B5	O
haplotypes	O
.	O

Demonstrating	O
a	O
dominant	B-PRGE
B2	I-PRGE
phenotype	I-PRGE
,	O
B2	O
/	O
B12	B-PRGE
birds	B-SPEC
were	O
also	O
more	O
resistant	O
to	O
IBV	B-SPEC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
CoV	O
)	O
N	O
protein	B-CHED
oligomerizes	O
via	O
its	O
carboxyl	O
terminus	O
.	O

Based	O
on	O
the	O
protein	B-CHED
disorder	O
prediction	O
system	O
,	O
a	O
comprehensive	O
series	O
of	O
HCoV	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
229E	I-PRGE
N	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
mutants	I-PRGE
with	O
truncated	O
CTD	O
was	O
generated	O
and	O
systematically	O
investigated	O
by	O
biophysical	O
and	O
biochemical	O
analyses	O
to	O
clarify	O
the	O
role	O
of	O
the	O
C	O
-	O
terminal	O
tail	O
of	O
the	O
HCoV	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
229E	I-PRGE
N	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
in	O
oligomerization	O
.	O

While	O
many	O
aspirates	B-ANAT
were	O
dilute	O
and	O
showed	O
no	O
mRNA	B-CHED
signal	O
,	O
viral	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
significantly	O
increased	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
samples	O
that	O
were	O
positive	O
for	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
λ1	I-PRGE
,	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
λ2	I-PRGE
/	I-PRGE
3	I-PRGE
,	O
TLR3	B-PRGE
,	O
RIG	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
I	I-PRGE
,	O
and	O
IRF7	B-PRGE
mRNA	I-PRGE
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
The	O
role	O
of	O
accessory	O
proteins	B-CHED
in	O
the	O
replication	O
of	O
feline	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
peritonitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
in	O
peripheral	B-ANAT
blood	I-ANAT
monocytes	B-ANAT
.	O

Although	O
autophagy	B-PROC
is	O
not	O
required	O
,	O
depletion	O
of	O
LC3	O
markedly	O
reduced	O
the	O
replication	O
of	O
EAV	B-SPEC
.	O

There	O
are	O
still	O
many	O
unknowns	O
on	O
the	O
implication	O
of	O
cellular	B-COMP
factors	O
that	O
regulate	O
the	O
entry	O
process	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Immune	O
sera	B-COMP
from	O
convalescent	O
patients	O
have	O
been	O
shown	O
to	O
be	O
effective	O
in	O
the	O
treatment	O
of	O
patients	O
infected	O
with	O
Severe	B-DISO
Acute	I-DISO
Respiratory	I-DISO
Syndrome	I-DISO
Virus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
making	O
passive	O
immune	O
therapy	O
with	O
human	B-SPEC
monoclonal	O
antibodies	B-COMP
an	O
attractive	O
treatment	O
strategy	O
for	O
SARS	B-DISO
.	O

In	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
we	O
describe	O
non	O
-	O
S1	O
binding	B-FUNC
neutralizing	O
HmAbs	O
that	O
can	O
specifically	O
bind	B-FUNC
to	O
the	O
conserved	O
S2	O
domain	O
of	O
the	O
S	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
.	O

Prospective	O
studies	O
with	O
viral	O
load	O
determination	O
and	O
asymptomatic	O
controls	O
are	O
needed	O
to	O
study	O
the	O
association	O
of	O
these	O
emerging	O
respiratory	O
viruses	B-SPEC
with	O
LRTI	B-DISO
in	O
children	O
with	O
cancer	B-DISO
and	O
posthematopoietic	O
stem	O
cell	B-ANAT
transplant	I-ANAT
.	O

These	O
early	O
successes	O
can	O
be	O
attributed	O
to	O
population	O
mobilization	O
,	O
mass	O
campaigns	O
and	O
a	O
focus	O
on	O
sanitation	O
,	O
hygiene	O
,	O
clean	O
water	B-CHED
and	O
clean	O
delivery	O
,	O
and	O
occurred	O
despite	O
political	O
instability	O
and	O
slow	O
economic	O
progress	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Fatal	O
respiratory	B-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
due	O
to	O
coronavirus	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
in	O
a	O
child	O
with	O
severe	B-DISO
combined	I-DISO
immunodeficiency	I-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Clinical	O
preparedness	O
for	O
severe	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
with	O
highly	O
pathogenic	O
avian	B-DISO
influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
(	O
H5N1	B-DISO
):	O
experiences	O
with	O
cases	O
in	O
Vietnam	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Most	O
pandemics	O
--	O
eg	O
,	O
HIV	B-SPEC
/	I-DISO
AIDS	I-DISO
,	O
severe	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
,	O
pandemic	O
influenza	B-DISO
--	O
originate	O
in	O
animals	B-SPEC
,	O
are	O
caused	O
by	O
viruses	B-SPEC
,	O
and	O
are	O
driven	O
to	O
emerge	O
by	O
ecological	O
,	O
behavioural	O
,	O
or	O
socioeconomic	O
changes	O
.	O

Despite	O
their	O
substantial	O
effects	O
on	O
global	O
public	O
health	O
and	O
growing	O
understanding	O
of	O
the	O
process	O
by	O
which	O
they	O
emerge	O
,	O
no	O
pandemic	O
has	O
been	O
predicted	O
before	O
infecting	O
human	B-SPEC
beings	O
.	O

New	O
mathematical	O
modelling	O
,	O
diagnostic	O
,	O
communications	O
,	O
and	O
informatics	O
technologies	O
can	O
identify	O
and	O
report	O
hitherto	O
unknown	O
microbes	O
in	O
other	O
species	B-SPEC
,	O
and	O
thus	O
new	O
risk	O
assessment	O
approaches	O
are	O
needed	O
to	O
identify	O
microbes	O
most	O
likely	O
to	O
cause	O
human	O
disease	O
.	O

Using	O
the	O
Respiratory	O
Virus	B-SPEC
Panel	O
these	O
specimens	O
tested	O
positive	O
for	O
one	O
or	O
more	O
respiratory	O
virus	B-SPEC
and	O
negative	O
for	O
influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
and	O
B	O
.	O
From	O
our	O
subset	O
hMPV	B-SPEC
was	O
the	O
fourth	O
most	O
common	O
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
n	O
=	O
2	O
,	O
561	O
)	O
with	O
373	O
(	O
15	O
%)	O
identified	O
as	O
mixed	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
using	O
DIAL	O
.	O

Mixed	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
with	O
hMPV	B-SPEC
was	O
most	O
commonly	O
found	O
in	O
infants	O
less	O
than	O
6	O
months	O
old	O
and	O
ERV	O
was	O
most	O
commonly	O
found	O
in	O
mixed	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
with	O
hMPV	B-SPEC
(	O
230	O
/	O
373	O
,	O
56	O
%)	O
across	O
all	O
age	O
groups	O
.	O

HCoV	O
are	O
now	O
known	O
to	O
be	O
involved	O
in	O
more	O
serious	O
respiratory	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
,	O
i	O
.	O
e	O
.	O
bronchitis	B-DISO
,	O
bronchiolitis	B-DISO
or	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
,	O
especially	O
in	O
young	O
children	O
and	O
neonates	O
,	O
elderly	O
people	O
and	O
immunosuppressed	O
patients	O
.	O

Indeed	O
,	O
several	O
studies	O
have	O
described	O
the	O
ability	O
of	O
HCoVs	O
(	O
i	O
.	O
e	O
.	O
HCoV	O
229E	O
,	O
HCoV	O
OC43	O
(	O
also	O
known	O
as	O
betacoronavirus	B-SPEC
1	I-SPEC
),	O
NL63	O
,	O
HKU1	O
or	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
)	O
to	O
survive	O
in	O
different	O
environmental	O
conditions	O
(	O
e	O
.	O
g	O
.	O
temperature	O
and	O
humidity	O
),	O
on	O
different	O
supports	O
found	O
in	O
hospital	O
settings	O
such	O
as	O
aluminum	B-CHED
,	O
sterile	B-DISO
sponges	B-SPEC
or	O
latex	O
surgical	O
gloves	O
or	O
in	O
biological	O
fluids	B-ANAT
.	O

ViPR	B-PRGE
provides	O
access	O
to	O
sequence	O
records	O
,	O
gene	O
and	O
protein	B-CHED
annotations	O
,	O
immune	O
epitopes	O
,	O
3D	O
structures	O
,	O
host	B-COMP
factor	O
data	O
,	O
and	O
other	O
data	O
types	O
through	O
an	O
intuitive	O
web	B-DISO
-	O
based	O
search	O
interface	O
.	O

All	O
of	O
the	O
data	O
and	O
integrated	O
analysis	O
and	O
visualization	O
tools	O
in	O
ViPR	B-PRGE
are	O
made	O
available	O
without	O
charge	O
as	O
a	O
service	O
to	O
the	O
Coronaviridae	B-SPEC
research	O
community	O
to	O
facilitate	O
the	O
research	O
and	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
diagnostics	O
,	O
prophylactics	O
,	O
vaccines	O
and	O
therapeutics	O
against	O
these	O
human	B-SPEC
pathogens	O
.	O

Two	O
variables	O
significantly	O
contributed	O
to	O
the	O
detection	O
of	O
study	O
pathogens	O
:	O
age	O
(	O
odds	O
ratio	O
(	O
OR	O
)	O
1	O
.	O
21	O
for	O
each	O
day	O
older	O
;	O
95	O
%	O
confidence	O
interval	O
1	O
.	O
12	O
-	O
1	O
.	O
30	O
)	O
and	O
rhinorrhea	B-DISO
(	O
OR	O
6	O
.	O
71	O
;	O
95	O
%	O
confidence	O
interval	O
1	O
.	O
54	O
-	O
29	O
.	O
21	O
).	O

The	O
3C	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
like	I-PRGE
protease	I-PRGE
(	O
3CL	O
(	O
pro	B-CHED
))	O
of	O
coronaviruses	O
is	O
required	O
for	O
proteolytic	B-PROC
processing	I-PROC
of	O
polyproteins	O
and	O
viral	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
,	O
and	O
is	O
a	O
promising	O
target	O
for	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
drugs	O
against	O
coronaviral	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

We	O
have	O
further	O
showed	O
that	O
the	O
peptidomimetic	B-CHED
inhibitor	B-CHED
,	O
Cbz	B-CHED
-	O
AVLQ	O
-	O
CN	O
,	O
has	O
broad	O
-	O
spectrum	O
inhibition	B-PROC
against	O
3CL	B-PRGE
(	I-PRGE
pro	I-PRGE
)	I-PRGE
from	O
human	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
strains	O
229E	O
,	O
NL63	O
,	O
OC43	O
,	O
HKU1	O
,	O
and	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
,	O
with	O
IC	O
(	O
50	O
)	O
values	O
ranging	O
from	O
1	O
.	O
3	O
to	O
3	O
.	O
7	O
μM	O
,	O
but	O
no	O
detectable	O
inhibition	B-PROC
against	O
caspase	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
3	I-PRGE
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Acute	O
fibrinous	O
and	O
organizing	O
pneumonia	O
(	O
AFOP	O
)	O
is	O
a	O
newly	O
recognized	O
form	O
of	O
diffuse	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
.	O

He	O
had	O
clinical	O
and	O
radiologic	O
improvement	O
with	O
a	O
course	O
of	O
systemic	O
corticosteroids	B-CHED
.	O

Retrospectively	O
,	O
we	O
collected	O
clinical	O
data	O
on	O
all	O
patients	O
who	O
were	O
admitted	O
to	O
the	O
ICU	O
with	O
confirmed	O
or	O
suspected	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
severe	O
2009	O
H1N1	B-DISO
influenza	I-DISO
A	O
with	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
at	O
4	O
major	O
tertiary	O
care	O
hospitals	O
in	O
Damascus	O
,	O
Syria	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Acute	O
onset	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
toxicity	I-DISO
associated	O
to	O
amiodarone	B-CHED
].	O

During	O
the	O
administration	O
,	O
the	O
patient	O
developed	O
hemodynamic	B-DISO
instability	I-DISO
and	O
oxygen	B-CHED
dessaturation	O
that	O
led	O
to	O
an	O
electrical	O
cardioversion	O
with	O
return	O
of	O
sinus	B-DISO
rhythm	B-PROC
.	O

Expeditive	O
therapeutic	O
measures	O
were	O
undertaken	O
,	O
namely	O
by	O
initiation	O
of	O
non	O
-	O
invasive	O
positive	O
airway	B-ANAT
pressure	O
support	O
,	O
that	O
attained	O
a	O
good	O
result	O
.	O

Analysis	O
of	O
sequences	O
of	O
membrane	B-COMP
(	O
M	O
)	O
and	O
spike	O
(	O
S	O
)	O
gene	O
fragments	O
revealed	O
strains	O
in	O
the	O
genus	B-SPEC
Alphacoronavirus	B-SPEC
,	O
including	O
three	O
distinct	O
strains	O
in	O
hyenas	B-SPEC
and	O
one	O
distinct	O
strain	O
in	O
a	O
jackal	O
.	O

To	O
overcome	O
this	O
problem	O
,	O
a	O
novel	O
method	O
for	O
the	O
detection	O
of	O
viruses	B-SPEC
is	O
described	O
in	O
the	O
current	O
manuscript	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Measurement	O
of	O
feline	B-SPEC
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
FCoV	O
)	O
antibody	B-COMP
titres	O
is	O
utilised	O
mainly	O
for	O
diagnosing	O
feline	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
peritonitis	I-DISO
(	O
FIP	B-DISO
)	O
and	O
for	O
quarantine	O
purposes	O
.	O

This	O
syndrome	B-DISO
largely	O
accounts	O
for	O
the	O
late	O
mortality	O
that	O
arises	O
and	O
despite	O
many	O
theories	O
,	O
the	O
pathological	O
mechanism	O
is	O
not	O
fully	O
understood	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Identification	O
of	O
a	O
noncanonically	O
transcribed	O
subgenomic	O
mRNA	B-CHED
of	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
and	O
other	O
gammacoronaviruses	O
.	O

We	O
also	O
demonstrated	O
that	O
noncanonical	O
TRS	B-DISO
-	O
Bs	O
may	O
provide	O
a	O
mechanism	O
by	O
which	O
coronaviruses	O
can	O
control	O
protein	B-PROC
expression	B-PROC
levels	O
by	O
reducing	O
sgmRNA	O
synthesis	B-PROC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Comparative	O
dynamic	O
distribution	O
of	O
avian	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
bronchitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
M41	O
,	O
H120	O
,	O
and	O
SAIBK	O
strains	O
by	O
quantitative	O
real	O
-	O
time	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
in	O
SPF	O
chickens	O
.	O

The	O
pancreas	B-ANAT
and	O
the	O
liver	B-ANAT
are	O
candidates	O
for	O
antigen	O
detection	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Aerophagia	B-DISO
in	O
a	O
toddler	O
with	O
gastric	B-ANAT
pull	O
-	O
up	O
:	O
an	O
unusual	O
combination	O
precipitating	O
severe	O
respiratory	B-DISO
distress	I-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Aerophagia	B-DISO
is	O
a	O
common	O
disorder	O
in	O
adults	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
children	O
,	O
which	O
often	O
goes	B-SPEC
unnoticed	O
.	O

One	O
thousand	O
two	O
hundred	O
ninety	O
-	O
seven	O
patients	O
met	B-CHED
the	O
inclusion	O
criteria	O
for	O
the	O
study	O
,	O
821	O
(	O
63	O
.	O
3	O
%)	O
were	O
male	O
,	O
and	O
mean	O
age	O
was	O
58	O
.	O
5	O
±	O
19	O
.	O
2	O
yrs	O
.	O

Mechanical	O
ventilation	O
was	O
used	O
in	O
almost	O
three	O
fourths	O
of	O
the	O
patients	O
,	O
whereas	O
any	O
type	O
of	O
renal	B-ANAT
replacement	O
therapy	O
was	O
used	O
in	O
173	O
patients	O
(	O
13	O
.	O
3	O
%).	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
A	O
multiplex	O
PCR	O
assay	O
was	O
developed	O
and	O
evaluated	O
for	O
its	O
ability	O
to	O
simultaneously	O
detect	O
three	O
viral	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
of	O
swine	B-SPEC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenation	B-PROC
for	O
influenza	B-DISO
-	O
associated	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

Outcome	O
was	O
better	O
when	O
the	O
time	O
of	O
severe	O
deoxygenation	O
(	O
Pao2	O
<	O
70	O
mm	O
Hg	O
)	O
despite	O
maximally	O
invasive	O
respiratory	O
support	O
to	O
ECMO	O
implantation	B-PROC
was	O
less	O
than	O
6	O
hours	O
(	O
odds	O
ratio	O
:	O
2	O
.	O
4	O
;	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
).	O

Platypnea	B-DISO
-	O
orthodeoxia	O
syndrome	B-DISO
referring	O
to	O
abnormal	O
oxygenation	B-PROC
in	O
the	O
upright	O
position	O
has	O
been	O
correlated	O
with	O
reopening	O
of	O
foramen	B-ANAT
ovale	I-ANAT
and	O
acute	O
right	O
-	O
to	O
-	O
left	O
intracardiac	B-ANAT
shunt	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
unlike	O
the	O
earlier	O
cases	O
,	O
and	O
despite	O
underlying	O
chronic	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
and	O
a	O
single	O
kidney	B-ANAT
,	O
he	O
survived	O
his	O
infection	B-DISO
and	O
has	O
been	O
discharged	O
home	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Emerging	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
in	O
2012	O
:	O
20	O
years	O
after	O
the	O
institute	O
of	O
medicine	B-CHED
report	O
.	O

The	O
disease	O
resembled	O
SARS	B-DISO
(	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
),	O
causing	O
a	O
fatal	O
epidemic	O
in	O
2002	O
/	O
2003	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
investigate	O
the	O
epidemiological	O
features	O
and	O
types	O
of	O
human	O
adenoviruses	B-SPEC
(	O
ADV	O
)	O
in	O
children	O
with	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
tract	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
in	O
Nanjing	O
area	O
,	O
China	O
.	O

Nasopharyngeal	B-ANAT
aspirates	B-ANAT
and	O
nasopharyngeal	B-ANAT
swabs	O
were	O
collected	O
from	O
644	O
outpatients	O
or	O
hospitalized	O
pediatric	O
patients	O
with	O
ARTI	O
at	O
the	O
Children	O
Hospital	O
of	O
Nanjing	O
,	O
Jiangsu	O
Province	O
,	O
China	O
,	O
between	O
August	O
2010	O
and	O
July	O
2011	O
.	O

ADV	O
infection	B-DISO
could	O
occur	O
in	O
any	O
season	O
.	O

There	O
was	O
a	O
higher	O
possibility	O
of	O
ADV	O
infection	B-DISO
from	O
April	O
to	O
July	O
in	O
2011	O
.	O

A	O
total	O
of	O
99	O
of	O
the	O
171	O
ADV	O
-	O
positive	O
children	O
(	O
57	O
.	O
89	O
%)	O
were	O
co	O
-	O
infected	O
with	O
other	O
respiratory	O
viruses	B-SPEC
.	O

Although	O
it	O
can	O
remain	O
quiescent	O
for	O
extended	O
time	O
periods	B-PROC
,	O
the	O
inflammatory	O
and	O
remodeling	O
processes	O
affect	O
the	O
bronchial	B-ANAT
milieu	O
and	O
predispose	O
to	O
acute	O
and	O
occasionally	O
severe	O
clinical	O
manifestations	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
In	O
2007	O
,	O
a	O
novel	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
associated	O
with	O
an	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
in	O
alpacas	B-SPEC
(	O
Alpaca	B-SPEC
Coronavirus	B-SPEC
,	O
ACoV	O
)	O
was	O
isolated	O
.	O

The	O
ACoV	O
was	O
genetically	O
most	O
similar	O
to	O
the	O
common	O
human	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
(	O
HCoV	O
)	O
229E	O
with	O
92	O
.	O
2	O
%	O
nucleotide	B-CHED
identity	O
over	O
the	O
entire	O
genome	O
.	O

A	O
comparison	O
of	O
spike	O
gene	O
sequences	O
from	O
ACoV	O
and	O
from	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
229E	I-SPEC
isolates	O
recovered	O
over	O
a	O
span	O
of	O
five	O
decades	O
showed	O
the	O
ACoV	O
to	O
be	O
most	O
similar	O
to	O
viruses	B-SPEC
isolated	O
in	O
the	O
1960	O
'	O
s	O
to	O
early	O
1980	O
'	O
s	O
.	O

The	O
Berlin	O
definition	O
resulted	O
in	O
the	O
following	O
modifications	O
:	O
a	O
criterion	O
of	O
less	O
than	O
7	O
days	O
was	O
used	O
to	O
define	O
acute	O
onset	O
;	O
the	O
requirement	O
of	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
artery	I-ANAT
wedge	O
pressure	O
was	O
removed	O
.	O

Three	O
-	O
dimensional	O
reconstructions	O
identify	O
DMVs	O
as	O
protrusions	B-DISO
from	O
the	O
ER	B-COMP
membrane	I-COMP
into	O
the	O
cytosol	B-COMP
,	O
frequently	O
connected	O
to	O
the	O
ER	B-COMP
membrane	I-COMP
via	O
a	O
neck	B-ANAT
-	O
like	O
structure	O
.	O

By	O
contrast	O
,	O
the	O
absence	O
of	O
B7	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
H1	I-PRGE
enhances	O
CD8	B-PRGE
T	B-ANAT
-	I-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
function	O
and	O
accelerates	O
viral	O
control	O
,	O
but	O
increases	O
morbidity	O
.	O

The	O
local	O
requirement	O
of	O
CD4	B-PRGE
T	B-ANAT
-	I-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
help	O
for	O
CD8	B-PRGE
T	B-ANAT
-	I-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
function	O
is	O
not	O
overcome	O
if	O
B7	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
H1	I-PRGE
inhibitory	O
signals	O
are	O
lost	B-CHED
.	O

B7	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
H1	I-PRGE
-	O
mediated	O
restraint	O
of	O
CD4	B-PRGE
T	B-ANAT
-	I-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
activity	O
is	O
thus	O
crucial	O
to	O
dampen	O
both	O
CD8	B-PRGE
T	B-ANAT
-	I-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
function	O
and	O
microglia	B-ANAT
/	O
macrophage	B-PROC
activation	I-PROC
,	O
thereby	O
providing	O
protection	O
from	O
T	B-ANAT
-	I-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
-	O
mediated	O
bystander	O
damage	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
There	O
is	O
a	O
high	O
incidence	O
of	O
developing	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
in	O
pediatric	O
patients	O
with	O
major	O
burns	O
,	O
and	O
this	O
development	B-PROC
leads	O
to	O
higher	O
mortality	O
.	O

A	O
single	O
center	O
,	O
retrospective	O
chart	O
review	O
of	O
pediatric	O
burn	O
patients	O
with	O
ARDS	B-DISO
from	O
1996	O
to	O
2007	O
was	O
completed	O
.	O

Daily	O
partial	B-PROC
pressure	I-PROC
of	I-PROC
oxygen	I-PROC
in	O
arterial	B-ANAT
blood	I-ANAT
(	O
P	O
(	O
a	O
)	O
O	O
(	O
2	O
)):	O
fraction	O
of	O
inspired	B-PROC
oxygen	B-CHED
(	O
F	O
(	O
i	O
)	O
O	O
(	O
2	O
))	O
and	O
oxygenation	B-PROC
index	O
was	O
calculated	O
for	O
each	O
patient	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Worsening	O
respiratory	B-PROC
function	I-PROC
in	O
mechanically	O
ventilated	O
intensive	O
care	O
patients	O
:	O
feasibility	O
and	O
value	O
of	O
xenon	O
-	O
enhanced	O
dual	O
energy	O
CT	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
evaluate	O
the	O
feasibility	O
and	O
incremental	O
diagnostic	O
value	O
of	O
xenon	B-CHED
-	O
enhanced	O
dual	O
-	O
energy	O
CT	O
in	O
mechanically	O
ventilated	O
intensive	O
care	O
patients	O
with	O
worsening	O
respiratory	B-PROC
function	I-PROC
.	O

CT	O
scans	O
were	O
performed	O
using	O
a	O
dual	O
-	O
source	O
CT	O
scanner	O
at	O
an	O
expiratory	B-PROC
xenon	B-CHED
concentration	O
of	O
30	O
%.	O

Ventilation	O
defects	O
on	O
xenon	B-CHED
images	O
were	O
matched	O
to	O
morphological	O
findings	O
on	O
standard	O
CT	O
images	O
and	O
incremental	O
diagnostic	O
information	O
of	O
xenon	B-CHED
ventilation	O
images	O
was	O
recorded	O
if	O
present	O
.	O

In	O
the	O
visual	O
CT	O
analysis	O
,	O
the	O
Xe	O
-	O
DECT	O
ventilation	O
defects	O
matched	O
with	O
pathologic	O
changes	O
in	O
lung	B-ANAT
parenchyma	I-ANAT
seen	O
in	O
the	O
standard	O
CT	O
images	O
in	O
all	O
patients	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Full	O
genome	O
analysis	O
of	O
a	O
novel	O
type	O
II	O
feline	B-SPEC
coronavirus	B-SPEC
NTU156	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Infections	B-DISO
by	O
type	O
II	O
feline	O
coronaviruses	O
(	O
FCoVs	O
)	O
have	O
been	O
shown	O
to	O
be	O
significantly	O
correlated	O
with	O
fatal	O
feline	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
peritonitis	I-DISO
(	O
FIP	B-DISO
).	O

Two	O
hMPV	B-SPEC
subtypes	O
were	O
identified	O
,	O
A2	O
(	O
26	O
.	O
9	O
%;	O
7	O
/	O
26	O
)	O
and	O
B2	O
(	O
73	O
.	O
1	O
%;	O
19	O
/	O
26	O
)	O
but	O
no	O
difference	O
was	O
observed	O
between	O
the	O
patient	O
groups	O
in	O
terms	O
of	O
age	O
or	O
immunosuppression	B-PROC
level	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
A	O
mouse	B-SPEC
-	O
adapted	O
porcine	B-SPEC
epidemic	I-SPEC
diarrhea	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
,	O
MK	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
p10	I-PRGE
,	O
showed	O
higher	O
neurovirulence	O
in	O
suckling	O
mice	B-SPEC
than	O
a	O
non	O
-	O
adapted	O
MK	O
strain	O
.	O

There	O
was	O
no	O
difference	O
in	O
virus	B-SPEC
growth	B-PROC
,	O
whereas	O
clear	O
differences	O
between	O
these	O
two	O
virus	B-SPEC
infections	B-DISO
existed	O
in	O
the	O
type	O
of	O
target	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
infected	O
,	O
the	O
spread	O
of	O
virus	B-SPEC
and	O
the	O
cytokine	O
levels	O
produced	O
in	O
the	O
brain	B-ANAT
.	O

The	O
purpose	O
of	O
this	O
review	O
is	O
to	O
bring	O
together	O
all	O
the	O
reported	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
manifestations	O
of	O
leptospirosis	B-DISO
and	O
the	O
recent	O
trends	O
in	O
the	O
management	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Natural	O
killer	O
(	O
NK	O
)	O
cells	O
are	O
cytotoxic	O
lymphocytes	B-ANAT
and	O
play	O
an	O
important	O
role	O
in	O
the	O
early	O
defence	O
against	O
viruses	B-SPEC
.	O

IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
α	I-PRGE
and	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
β	I-PRGE
mRNA	I-PRGE
and	O
proteins	B-CHED
were	O
not	O
rapidly	O
induced	O
whereas	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
γ	I-PRGE
production	O
in	O
lung	B-ANAT
,	O
measured	O
by	O
Elispot	O
assay	O
,	O
increased	O
over	O
time	O
at	O
2	O
and	O
4	O
dpi	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
BoCV	O
isolated	O
from	O
respiratory	O
tract	O
,	O
nasal	B-ANAT
swab	O
and	O
broncho	B-ANAT
alveolar	I-ANAT
washing	O
fluid	O
samples	O
were	O
evaluated	O
for	O
genetic	O
and	O
antigenic	O
differences	O
.	O

Currently	O
available	O
vaccines	O
designed	O
to	O
control	O
enteric	O
disease	O
are	O
based	O
on	O
viruses	B-SPEC
from	O
one	O
clade	O
while	O
viruses	B-SPEC
isolated	O
from	O
respiratory	B-ANAT
tracts	I-ANAT
,	O
in	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
belong	O
to	O
the	O
other	O
clade	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Clinical	O
characteristics	O
of	O
children	O
with	O
viral	O
single	O
-	O
and	O
co	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
infections	I-DISO
and	O
a	O
petechial	B-DISO
rash	I-DISO
.	O

However	O
,	O
viruses	B-SPEC
have	O
also	O
been	O
associated	O
with	O
petechial	B-DISO
rash	I-DISO
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
A	O
viral	O
pathogen	O
was	O
identified	O
in	O
67	O
%	O
of	O
the	O
analyzed	O
58	O
cases	O
with	O
petechial	B-DISO
rash	I-DISO
.	O

A	O
roadmap	O
for	O
the	O
product	O
development	O
of	O
the	O
RBD	O
-	O
S	O
SARS	B-DISO
vaccine	O
is	O
outlined	O
with	O
a	O
goal	O
to	O
manufacture	O
the	O
vaccine	O
for	O
clinical	O
testing	O
within	O
the	O
next	O
5	O
years	O
.	O

We	O
therefore	O
assessed	O
the	O
effects	O
on	O
gas	B-ENZY
exchange	O
and	O
lung	B-ANAT
mechanics	O
and	O
the	O
possible	O
detrimental	O
effects	O
of	O
a	O
sequential	O
lung	B-ANAT
RMs	O
and	O
decremental	O
positive	O
end	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
expiratory	I-PROC
pressure	O
(	O
PEEP	B-CHED
)	O
titration	O
in	O
pediatric	O
ARDS	B-DISO
patients	O
.	O

Efficacy	O
was	O
evaluated	O
as	O
changes	O
in	O
lung	B-PROC
compliance	I-PROC
(	O
Cdyn	O
)	O
and	O
gas	B-PRGE
exchange	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
,	O
12	O
,	O
and	O
24	O
hr	O
after	O
the	O
RM	O
.	O

RMs	O
and	O
a	O
decremental	O
PEEP	B-CHED
trial	O
may	O
improve	O
lung	B-PROC
function	I-PROC
in	O
pediatric	O
patients	O
with	O
ARDS	B-DISO
and	O
severe	O
hypoxemia	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
We	O
included	O
25	O
patients	O
,	O
of	O
median	O
age	O
5	O
(	O
1	O
-	O
16	O
)	O
months	O
,	O
median	O
weight	O
7	O
.	O
0	O
(	O
4	O
.	O
1	O
-	O
9	O
.	O
2	O
)	O
kg	O
,	O
median	O
PaO2	O
/	O
FIO2	O
117	O
(	O
96	O
-	O
139	O
),	O
and	O
median	O
Cdyn	O
0	O
.	O
48	O
(	O
0	O
.	O
41	O
-	O
0	O
.	O
68	O
)	O
ml	O
/	O
cmH2	B-DISO
O	O
/	O
kg	O
at	O
baseline	O
.	O

The	O
etiological	O
backgrounds	O
of	O
these	O
infections	B-DISO
remain	O
unconfirmed	O
in	O
most	O
clinical	O
cases	O
.	O

Of	O
the	O
HCoV	O
-	O
positive	O
children	O
,	O
70	O
.	O
3	O
%	O
had	O
lower	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
tract	I-DISO
infections	I-DISO
.	O

Of	O
the	O
HCoV	O
-	O
positive	O
children	O
,	O
70	O
.	O
3	O
%	O
had	O
lower	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
tract	I-DISO
infections	I-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Intra	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
abdominal	I-DISO
hypertension	I-DISO
is	O
frequent	O
in	O
surgical	O
and	O
medical	O
critically	B-DISO
ill	I-DISO
patients	O
.	O

Intra	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
abdominal	I-DISO
hypertension	I-DISO
has	O
a	O
serious	O
impact	O
on	O
the	O
function	O
of	O
respiratory	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
peripheral	O
organs	B-ANAT
.	O

Additionally	O
,	O
KIOM	O
198	O
exhibited	O
a	O
similar	O
extent	O
of	O
antiviral	B-CHED
effect	O
against	O
other	O
subtypes	O
of	O
Corona	B-CHED
virus	B-SPEC
such	O
as	O
sm98	O
and	O
TGE	B-DISO
viruses	B-SPEC
.	O

Cytotoxicity	B-DISO
results	O
showed	O
that	O
KIOM	O
198	O
is	O
nontoxic	O
on	O
the	O
cells	B-COMP
and	O
suggest	O
that	O
it	O
can	O
be	O
delivered	O
safely	O
for	O
therapy	O
.	O

Furthermore	O
,	O
when	O
we	O
orally	O
administered	O
KIOM	O
198	O
to	O
piglets	O
and	O
then	O
infected	O
them	O
with	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
,	O
the	O
piglets	O
did	O
not	O
show	O
any	O
disease	O
symptoms	O
like	O
diarrhea	B-DISO
and	O
biopsy	O
results	O
showed	O
clean	O
intestine	B-ANAT
,	O
whereas	O
control	O
pigs	B-SPEC
without	O
KIOM	O
198	O
treatment	O
exhibited	O
PED	O
-	O
related	O
severe	O
symptoms	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Abdominal	B-ANAT
obesity	I-DISO
and	O
prolonged	O
prone	O
positioning	O
increase	O
risk	O
of	O
developing	O
sclerosing	B-DISO
cholangitis	I-DISO
in	O
critically	B-DISO
ill	I-DISO
patients	O
with	O
influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
-	O
associated	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

Our	O
results	O
suggest	O
that	O
obesity	B-DISO
,	O
intraperitoneal	O
fat	O
volume	O
,	O
and	O
a	O
longer	O
cumulative	O
duration	O
spent	O
in	O
the	O
prone	O
position	O
may	O
put	O
patients	O
with	O
ARDS	B-DISO
at	O
risk	O
of	O
developing	O
SC	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CIP	I-PRGE
.	O

First	O
line	O
hypoxaemic	O
rescue	O
therapies	O
include	O
inhaled	B-PROC
nitric	B-CHED
oxide	I-CHED
,	O
prone	O
positioning	O
,	O
alveolar	B-ANAT
recruitment	B-DISO
manoeuvres	O
and	O
high	O
frequency	O
oscillatory	O
ventilation	O
,	O
which	O
have	O
all	O
been	O
shown	O
to	O
be	O
effective	O
in	O
improving	O
oxygenation	B-PROC
.	O

Non	O
-	O
specific	O
reactions	O
were	O
not	O
observed	O
when	O
other	O
viruses	B-SPEC
and	O
bacteria	B-SPEC
were	O
used	O
for	O
evaluating	O
the	O
mnRT	O
-	O
PCR	O
.	O

Adoptive	O
transfer	O
of	O
DN	O
T	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
from	O
MHV	B-SPEC
-	O
3	O
infected	O
mice	B-SPEC
led	O
to	O
a	O
significant	O
increase	O
in	O
mice	B-SPEC
survival	O
.	O

The	O
benefits	O
of	O
attempting	O
to	O
fully	O
reverse	O
arterial	B-ANAT
hypoxemia	O
may	O
be	O
outweighed	O
by	O
the	O
harms	O
associated	O
with	O
high	O
concentrations	O
of	O
supplemental	O
oxygen	B-CHED
and	O
invasive	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
strategies	O
.	O

The	O
aim	O
of	O
permissive	O
hypoxemia	O
is	O
to	O
minimize	O
the	O
possible	O
harms	O
caused	O
by	O
restoration	O
of	O
normoxemia	O
while	O
avoiding	O
tissue	B-ANAT
hypoxia	B-DISO
.	O

We	O
also	O
identified	O
large	O
clinical	O
studies	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
critical	B-DISO
illness	I-DISO
characterized	O
by	O
hypoxemia	O
such	O
as	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

However	O
,	O
at	O
present	O
there	O
is	O
no	O
direct	O
evidence	O
to	O
support	O
the	O
immediate	O
implementation	O
of	O
permissive	O
hypoxemia	O
and	O
a	O
comprehensive	O
evaluation	O
of	O
its	O
value	O
in	O
critically	B-DISO
ill	I-DISO
patients	O
should	O
be	O
a	O
high	O
research	O
priority	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Soft	O
-	O
X	O
-	O
ray	B-SPEC
-	O
enhanced	O
electrostatic	O
precipitation	B-PROC
for	O
protection	O
against	O
inhalable	O
allergens	O
,	O
ultrafine	O
particles	O
,	O
and	O
microbial	O
infections	O
.	O

Incorporating	O
soft	O
X	O
-	O
ray	B-SPEC
irradiation	O
as	O
an	O
in	O
situ	O
component	O
of	O
the	O
electrostatic	O
precipitation	B-PROC
process	O
greatly	O
improves	O
capture	O
efficiency	O
of	O
ultrafine	O
particles	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Bats	O
are	O
being	O
increasingly	O
recognized	O
as	O
an	O
important	O
reservoir	O
of	O
zoonotic	O
viruses	B-SPEC
of	O
different	O
families	O
,	O
including	O
SARS	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
,	O
Nipah	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
,	O
Hendra	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
and	O
Ebola	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
.	O

Several	O
recent	O
studies	O
hypothesized	O
that	O
bats	B-SPEC
,	O
an	O
ancient	O
group	O
of	O
flying	O
mammals	B-SPEC
,	O
are	O
the	O
major	O
reservoir	O
of	O
several	O
important	O
RNA	O
virus	B-SPEC
families	O
from	O
which	O
other	O
mammalian	B-SPEC
viruses	B-SPEC
of	O
livestock	O
and	O
humans	B-SPEC
were	O
derived	O
.	O

The	O
question	O
of	O
whether	O
bats	B-SPEC
have	O
unique	O
biological	O
features	O
making	O
them	O
ideal	O
reservoir	O
hosts	B-COMP
has	O
been	O
the	O
subject	O
of	O
several	O
recent	O
reviews	O
.	O

Analysis	O
of	O
mutant	O
viruses	B-SPEC
resistant	O
to	O
neutralization	O
by	O
4H4	O
revealed	O
that	O
the	O
antigenic	O
site	O
of	O
the	O
Kakegawa	O
strain	O
maps	O
to	O
amino	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
position	O
284	O
of	O
the	O
S	B-PRGE
glycoprotein	I-PRGE
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Chemokine	O
(	O
C	O
-	O
C	O
motif	O
)	O
ligand	B-PROC
2	O
(	O
CCL2	B-CHED
),	O
a	O
chemoattractant	O
for	O
macrophages	B-ANAT
,	O
T	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
,	O
and	O
cells	B-COMP
expressing	O
CCR2	B-PRGE
,	O
is	O
upregulated	O
during	O
acute	B-DISO
and	I-DISO
chronic	I-DISO
inflammation	I-DISO
.	O

CCL2	B-PRGE
Tg	O
mice	B-SPEC
mounted	O
a	O
dysregulated	O
immune	B-PROC
response	I-PROC
,	O
characterized	O
by	O
augmented	O
accumulation	O
of	O
regulatory	O
Foxp3	B-PRGE
(+)	I-PRGE
CD4	I-PRGE
(+)	O
T	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
and	O
of	O
nitric	O
-	O
oxide	B-CHED
-	O
and	O
YM	O
-	O
1	O
-	O
expressing	O
macrophages	B-ANAT
and	O
microglia	B-ANAT
,	O
suggestive	O
of	O
mixed	O
M1	O
/	O
M2	O
macrophage	B-PROC
activation	I-PROC
.	O

Further	O
,	O
macrophages	B-ANAT
from	O
infected	O
CCL2	B-PRGE
Tg	I-PRGE
brains	B-ANAT
relative	O
to	O
non	O
-	O
Tg	O
controls	O
were	O
less	O
activated	O
/	O
mature	O
,	O
expressing	O
lower	O
levels	O
of	O
major	B-PRGE
histocompatibility	I-PRGE
complex	I-PRGE
class	B-SPEC
II	I-PRGE
(	O
MHC	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
II	I-PRGE
),	O
CD86	B-PRGE
,	O
and	O
CD40	B-PRGE
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Coronavirus	B-SPEC
nsp1	B-PRGE
has	O
been	O
shown	O
to	O
induce	O
suppression	B-DISO
of	O
host	B-COMP
gene	B-PROC
expression	I-PROC
and	O
to	O
interfere	O
with	O
the	O
host	B-COMP
immune	B-PROC
response	I-PROC
.	O

During	O
the	O
study	O
period	O
,	O
rhinovirus	B-SPEC
was	O
detected	O
in	O
20	O
%	O
and	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
in	O
6	O
%	O
of	O
samples	O
using	O
FilmArray	O
;	O
these	O
viruses	B-SPEC
would	O
not	O
have	O
been	O
detected	O
with	O
DFA	B-CHED
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Oxygen	B-CHED
is	O
necessary	O
for	O
all	O
aerobic	O
life	O
,	O
and	O
nothing	O
is	O
more	O
important	O
in	O
respiratory	O
care	O
than	O
its	O
proper	O
understanding	O
,	O
assessment	O
,	O
and	O
administration	O
.	O

Severe	O
hypoxemia	O
in	O
acute	O
lung	O
injury	O
and	O
ARDS	B-DISO
can	O
be	O
improved	O
by	O
ventilation	O
with	O
PEEP	B-CHED
,	O
and	O
also	O
in	O
many	O
patients	O
by	O
various	O
adjunctive	O
techniques	O
and	O
alternative	O
support	O
strategies	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Cheetahs	B-SPEC
(	O
Acinonyx	B-SPEC
jubatus	I-SPEC
)	O
are	O
a	O
highly	O
threatened	O
species	B-SPEC
because	O
of	O
habitat	O
loss	O
,	O
human	B-SPEC
conflict	O
,	O
and	O
high	O
prevalence	O
of	O
disease	O
in	O
captivity	O
.	O

Forty	O
-	O
four	O
percent	O
(	O
7	O
/	O
16	O
)	O
of	O
cheetahs	B-SPEC
had	O
detectable	O
FCoV	O
in	O
feces	B-ANAT
,	O
and	O
the	O
proportion	O
of	O
positive	O
samples	O
for	O
individual	O
animals	B-SPEC
ranged	O
from	O
13	O
to	O
93	O
%.	O

We	O
,	O
therefore	O
propose	O
that	O
the	O
difference	O
in	O
the	O
catalytic	O
efficiency	O
of	O
these	O
two	O
constructs	O
is	O
due	O
to	O
the	O
interference	O
of	O
ATP	O
binding	O
by	O
the	O
histidine	B-CHED
tag	B-DISO
at	O
the	O
amino	O
—	O
terminus	O
of	O
nsp13	O
.	O

Thirty	O
-	O
two	O
(	O
64	O
%)	O
were	O
obese	B-DISO
.	O

Forty	O
-	O
eight	O
patients	O
(	O
96	O
%)	O
experienced	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
),	O
28	O
(	O
56	O
%)	O
septic	B-DISO
shock	I-DISO
,	O
and	O
27	O
(	O
54	O
%)	O
multiorgan	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenation	B-PROC
in	O
adult	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
.	O

Viral	B-DISO
shedding	I-DISO
was	O
readily	O
detected	O
from	O
the	O
oropharynx	B-ANAT
up	O
to	O
10	O
days	O
post	O
infection	B-DISO
,	O
but	O
there	O
was	O
little	O
or	O
no	O
evidence	O
of	O
rectal	O
shedding	O
.	O

Immunomonitoring	O
platforms	O
typically	O
concentrate	O
on	O
restriction	O
elements	O
associated	O
with	O
European	O
ancestry	O
,	O
and	O
such	O
tools	O
are	O
scarce	O
for	O
Asian	B-PRGE
HLA	I-PRGE
variants	O
.	O

We	O
report	O
30	O
novel	O
irradiation	O
-	O
sensitive	O
ligands	O
,	O
specifically	O
targeting	B-PROC
South	O
East	O
Asian	O
populations	O
,	O
which	O
provide	O
93	O
,	O
63	O
,	O
and	O
79	O
%	O
coverage	O
for	O
HLA	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
A	I-PRGE
,	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
B	I-PRGE
,	O
and	O
-	O
C	O
,	O
respectively	O
.	O

HLA	B-PRGE
tetramers	I-PRGE
with	O
redirected	O
specificity	O
could	O
detect	O
antigen	B-CHED
-	O
specific	O
CD8	B-PRGE
(+)	O
T	B-ANAT
-	I-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
responses	O
against	O
human	B-SPEC
cytomegalovirus	I-SPEC
,	O
hepatitis	B-DISO
B	I-DISO
(	O
HBV	B-DISO
),	O
dengue	B-DISO
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
DENV	O
),	O
and	O
Epstein	O
-	O
Barr	O
virus	O
(	O
EBV	O
)	O
infections	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
potential	O
of	O
this	O
population	O
-	O
centric	O
HLA	B-ANAT
library	O
was	O
demonstrated	O
with	O
the	O
characterization	O
of	O
seven	O
novel	O
T	B-ANAT
-	I-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
epitopes	O
from	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
,	O
HBV	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
DENV	O
.	O

Posthoc	O
analysis	O
revealed	O
that	O
the	O
majority	O
of	O
responses	O
would	O
be	O
more	O
readily	O
identified	O
by	O
our	O
unbiased	O
discovery	O
approach	O
than	O
through	O
the	O
application	O
of	O
state	O
-	O
of	O
-	O
the	O
-	O
art	O
epitope	B-CHED
prediction	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Burden	O
of	O
Chronic	O
Respiratory	B-DISO
Diseases	I-DISO
(	O
CRD	B-DISO
)	O
in	O
Middle	O
East	O
and	O
North	O
Africa	O
(	O
MENA	O
).	O

They	O
are	O
essentially	O
represented	O
by	O
COPD	B-DISO
,	O
asthma	B-PATH
,	O
and	O
allergic	O
diseases	O
.	O

Swabs	O
were	O
tested	O
by	O
polymerase	O
chain	O
reaction	O
for	O
15	O
respiratory	O
viruses	B-SPEC
and	O
subtypes	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
At	O
least	O
1	O
virus	B-SPEC
was	O
detected	O
in	O
382	O
(	O
84	O
%)	O
of	O
455	O
new	O
-	O
onset	O
illnesses	O
with	O
multiple	O
viruses	B-SPEC
identified	O
in	O
212	O
(	O
46	O
%).	O

Ten	O
patients	O
were	O
successfully	O
weaned	B-PROC
from	O
ECMO	O
,	O
of	O
whom	O
2	O
died	B-PROC
in	O
ICU	O
.	O

Despite	O
low	O
potential	O
toxicity	O
of	O
this	O
herbicide	B-CHED
,	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
fatalities	O
and	O
severe	O
outcomes	O
are	O
reported	O
.	O

The	O
purpose	O
of	O
this	O
study	O
is	O
to	O
describe	O
the	O
clinical	O
feature	O
and	O
determinate	O
the	O
utility	O
of	O
the	O
glyphosate	B-CHED
concentration	O
in	O
blood	B-ANAT
and	O
urine	B-ANAT
and	O
the	O
dose	O
taken	O
for	O
predicting	O
clinical	O
outcomes	O
.	O

Decreasing	O
the	O
ECMO	O
flow	O
from	O
its	O
baseline	O
maximum	O
value	O
(	O
5	O
.	O
8	O
±	O
0	O
.	O
8	O
L	O
/	O
min	O
)	O
to	O
40	O
%	O
less	O
(	O
2	O
.	O
4	O
±	O
0	O
.	O
3	O
L	O
/	O
min	O
)	O
significantly	O
decreased	O
mean	O
PaO2	O
(	O
arterial	B-ANAT
oxygen	B-PROC
tension	B-DISO
;	O
88	O
±	O
24	O
to	O
45	O
±	O
9	O
mm	O
Hg	O
;	O
p	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
001	O
)	O
and	O
SaO2	B-PROC
(	O
oxygen	B-CHED
saturation	O
;	O
97	O
±	O
2	O
to	O
82	O
±	O
10	O
%;	O
p	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
001	O
).	O

When	O
the	O
ECMO	O
flow	O
/	O
cardiac	B-ANAT
output	O
was	O
>	O
60	O
%,	O
SaO2	B-PROC
was	O
always	O
>	O
90	O
%.	O

In	O
a	O
recent	O
article	O
,	O
van	O
Boheemen	O
et	O
al	O
.	O
demonstrated	O
how	O
state	O
-	O
of	O
-	O
the	O
-	O
art	O
sequencing	O
technology	O
and	O
bioinformatic	O
analysis	O
can	O
quickly	O
provide	O
critical	O
insight	O
into	O
the	O
viral	B-COMP
genome	I-COMP
sequence	O
,	O
phylogeny	O
,	O
replication	O
strategy	O
,	O
and	O
potential	O
drug	O
and	O
vaccine	O
targets	O
and	O
generate	O
tools	O
to	O
evaluate	O
the	O
possible	O
epidemic	O
risk	O
associated	O
with	O
this	O
novel	O
human	O
virus	B-SPEC
.	O

Virus	B-SPEC
detection	O
rates	O
in	O
KD	O
patients	O
and	O
control	O
subjects	O
were	O
32	O
.	O
7	O
%	O
and	O
30	O
.	O
8	O
%,	O
respectively	O
(	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
811	O
).	O

Comparisons	O
between	O
the	O
18	O
patients	O
with	O
positive	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
results	O
and	O
the	O
other	O
37	O
KD	O
patients	O
revealed	O
no	O
significant	O
differences	O
in	O
terms	O
of	O
clinical	B-DISO
findings	I-DISO
(	O
including	O
the	O
prevalence	O
of	O
incomplete	O
presentation	O
of	O
the	O
disease	O
)	O
and	O
coronary	B-ANAT
artery	I-ANAT
diameter	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Astrocyte	B-ANAT
-	O
derived	O
CXCL10	B-PRGE
drives	O
accumulation	O
of	O
antibody	B-ANAT
-	I-ANAT
secreting	B-PROC
cells	B-COMP
in	O
the	O
central	B-ANAT
nervous	B-DISO
system	I-ANAT
during	O
viral	O
encephalomyelitis	B-DISO
.	O

While	O
CXCL10	B-PRGE
was	O
predominantly	O
expressed	B-PROC
by	O
astrocytes	B-ANAT
,	O
CXCL9	B-PRGE
expression	B-PROC
was	O
confined	O
to	O
the	O
vasculature	B-ANAT
/	O
perivascular	B-ANAT
spaces	I-ANAT
.	O

NMR	O
chemical	O
shift	O
perturbation	O
analysis	O
reveals	O
that	O
the	O
N	O
-	O
terminal	O
region	O
of	O
an	O
MHV	B-SPEC
N	O
SR	O
-	O
rich	O
linker	O
peptide	B-CHED
(	O
residues	O
198	O
to	O
230	O
)	O
binds	B-FUNC
to	O
the	O
acidic	O
face	B-DISO
of	O
MHV	B-SPEC
nsp3a	O
containing	O
the	O
acidic	O
α2	O
helix	O
with	O
an	O
affinity	O
(	O
expressed	B-PROC
as	O
K	O
(	O
a	O
))	O
of	O
8	O
.	O
1	O
×	O
10	O
(	O
3	O
)	O
M	O
(-	O
1	O
).	O

These	O
studies	O
reveal	O
that	O
the	O
SR	O
-	O
rich	O
linker	O
of	O
MHV	B-SPEC
N	O
is	O
necessary	O
but	O
not	O
sufficient	O
to	O
maintain	O
this	O
high	O
-	O
affinity	O
binding	B-FUNC
to	O
N	O
.	O

Intrathoracic	B-DISO
goiters	I-DISO
cause	O
adjacent	O
structure	O
compression	O
more	O
frequently	O
than	O
the	O
cervical	B-ANAT
goiters	B-DISO
,	O
due	O
to	O
the	O
limited	O
space	O
of	O
the	O
thoracic	B-ANAT
cage	I-ANAT
.	O

Tracheal	O
compression	O
by	O
(	O
cervical	B-ANAT
or	O
thoracic	B-DISO
)	O
goiter	B-DISO
is	O
also	O
an	O
indication	O
for	O
resection	O
;	O
early	O
tracheal	O
decompression	O
is	O
recommended	O
particularly	O
in	O
symptomatic	O
patients	O
.	O

We	O
hereby	O
present	O
successful	O
and	O
uncomplicated	O
total	O
thyroidectomy	O
,	O
through	O
a	O
median	O
sternotomy	O
,	O
of	O
a	O
benign	O
,	O
gigantic	O
,	O
bilateral	O
,	O
retrovascular	O
,	O
posterior	O
mediastinal	B-ANAT
,	O
intrathoracic	B-DISO
goiter	I-DISO
,	O
encircling	O
the	O
trachea	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
causing	O
severe	O
respiratory	B-DISO
distress	I-DISO
in	O
a	O
63	O
year	O
old	O
man	B-CHED
with	O
history	O
of	O
previous	O
subtotal	O
thyroidectomy	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Lower	O
tidal	O
volume	O
strategy	O
(≈	O
3	O
ml	O
/	O
kg	O
)	O
combined	O
with	O
extracorporeal	O
CO2	B-CHED
removal	O
versus	O
'	O
conventional	O
'	O
protective	O
ventilation	O
(	O
6	O
ml	O
/	O
kg	O
)	O
in	O
severe	O
ARDS	O
:	O
the	O
prospective	O
randomized	O
Xtravent	O
-	O
study	O
.	O

They	O
were	O
randomly	O
assigned	O
to	O
receive	O
a	O
low	O
V	O
(	O
T	O
)	O
ventilation	O
(≈	O
3	O
ml	O
/	O
kg	O
)	O
combined	O
with	O
extracorporeal	O
CO2	B-CHED
elimination	B-PROC
,	O
or	O
to	O
a	O
ARDSNet	O
strategy	O
(≈	O
6	O
ml	O
/	O
kg	O
)	O
without	O
the	O
extracorporeal	O
device	O
.	O

Secondary	O
outcome	O
parameters	O
were	O
respiratory	O
mechanics	O
,	O
gas	B-ENZY
exchange	O
,	O
analgesic	B-CHED
/	O
sedation	B-DISO
use	O
,	O
complications	O
and	O
hospital	O
mortality	O
.	O

Ventilation	O
with	O
very	O
low	O
V	O
(	O
T	O
)'	O
s	O
was	O
easy	O
to	O
implement	O
with	O
extracorporeal	O
CO2	B-CHED
-	O
removal	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Refeeding	O
syndrome	O
is	O
a	O
potentially	O
life	O
-	O
threatening	O
condition	B-DISO
characterised	O
by	O
severe	O
intracellular	B-COMP
electrolyte	O
shifts	O
,	O
acute	O
circulatory	B-PROC
fluid	B-DISO
overload	I-DISO
and	O
organ	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
.	O

Secondary	O
outcome	O
:	O
analysis	O
of	O
the	O
risk	O
factors	O
which	O
predict	O
the	O
refeeding	B-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

The	O
presence	O
of	O
cyanosis	B-DISO
(	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
000	O
;	O
OR	O
,	O
351	O
.	O
7	O
)	O
and	O
lung	B-DISO
consolidation	I-DISO
(	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
006	O
,	O
OR	O
,	O
9	O
.	O
3	O
)	O
were	O
independent	O
risk	O
factors	O
associated	O
with	O
ICU	O
admission	O
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
Acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
caused	O
by	O
M	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
pneumoniae	I-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
is	O
rare	O
but	O
must	O
be	O
considered	O
when	O
the	O
appropriate	O
clinical	O
and	O
radiological	O
pattern	O
occurs	O
.	O

We	O
investigated	O
HBP	B-DISO
in	O
plasma	B-ANAT
samples	O
within	O
36	O
h	O
from	O
trauma	O
in	O
47	O
patients	O
admitted	O
to	O
a	O
level	O
one	O
trauma	O
centre	O
with	O
a	O
mean	O
injury	O
severity	O
score	O
(	O
ISS	B-DISO
)	O
of	O
26	O
(	O
21	O
-	O
34	O
).	O

We	O
found	O
no	O
correlation	O
between	O
individual	O
maximal	O
plasma	B-PRGE
HBP	B-DISO
levels	O
at	O
admission	O
and	O
ISS	B-DISO
,	O
admission	O
SOFA	O
or	O
APACHE	O
II	O
.	O

These	O
results	O
provide	O
a	O
strong	O
incentive	O
for	O
identifying	O
the	O
host	B-COMP
cell	I-COMP
receptor	O
used	O
by	O
HCoV	O
-	O
EMC	B-COMP
.	O

Although	O
induction	O
of	O
the	O
heat	B-PROC
shock	I-PROC
response	I-PROC
can	O
restore	O
alveolar	B-ANAT
fluid	O
clearance	O
compromised	O
by	O
IL	O
-	O
1β	O
following	O
the	O
onset	O
of	O
severe	O
hemorrhagic	B-DISO
shock	I-DISO
in	O
rats	B-SPEC
,	O
the	O
mechanisms	O
are	O
not	O
fully	O
understood	O
.	O

Adenovirus	B-DISO
serotype	O
7	O
and	O
3	O
can	O
cause	O
severe	O
disease	O
-	O
even	O
death	B-PROC
-	O
in	O
children	O
,	O
especially	O
those	O
with	O
underlying	O
neurological	O
diseases	O
.	O

Patients	O
infected	O
with	O
adenovirus	B-DISO
serotype	O
7	O
tended	O
to	O
have	O
a	O
higher	O
case	O
-	O
fatality	O
rate	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Low	O
plasma	B-ANAT
citrulline	B-CHED
levels	O
are	O
associated	O
with	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
in	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
sepsis	O
.	O

Low	O
NOS	O
substrate	O
levels	O
have	O
been	O
shown	O
in	O
other	O
disease	O
states	O
to	O
lead	O
to	O
NOS	O
uncoupling	O
and	O
oxidative	O
injury	O
suggesting	O
a	O
potential	O
mechanism	O
for	O
the	O
association	O
between	O
low	O
citrulline	B-CHED
and	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Angiotensin	O
-	O
converting	O
enzyme	O
2	O
(	O
ACE2	B-PRGE
)	O
is	O
a	O
negative	O
regulator	O
of	O
the	O
renin	B-PATH
-	I-PATH
angiotensin	B-CHED
system	I-PATH
,	O
and	O
functions	O
as	O
the	O
key	O
SARS	B-PRGE
coronavirus	B-SPEC
receptor	I-PRGE
and	O
stabilizer	B-PROC
of	O
neutral	O
amino	B-PRGE
acid	I-PRGE
transporters	I-PRGE
.	O

Microtubule	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
associated	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
1	I-PRGE
light	I-PRGE
chain	I-PRGE
3	I-PRGE
(	O
MAP1LC3	B-PRGE
/	O
LC3	B-PRGE
)	O
is	O
an	O
important	O
marker	O
for	O
autophagy	B-PROC
and	O
is	O
used	O
to	O
follow	O
autophagosome	B-PROC
formation	I-PROC
.	O

Employing	O
human	B-SPEC
prostate	B-ANAT
cancer	B-SPEC
and	O
melanoma	B-ANAT
cell	B-COMP
models	O
,	O
we	O
found	O
that	O
the	O
intensity	O
and	O
duration	O
of	O
STAT1	B-PRGE
phosphorylation	B-PROC
as	O
well	O
as	O
the	O
downstream	O
activation	O
of	O
pathobiologically	O
relevant	O
genes	O
were	O
dose	O
and	O
particle	O
dependent	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Severity	O
and	O
outcome	O
associated	O
with	O
human	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
OC43	O
infections	B-DISO
among	O
children	O
.	O

Subtype	O
OC43	O
(	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
OC43	I-SPEC
)	O
is	O
the	O
more	O
prevalent	O
human	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
in	O
several	O
parts	O
of	O
the	O
world	O
.	O

We	O
retrospectively	O
identified	O
patients	O
with	O
positive	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
OC43	I-SPEC
respiratory	O
specimens	O
between	O
December	O
2009	O
and	O
December	O
2010	O
in	O
a	O
pediatric	O
hospital	O
in	O
Montreal	O
.	O

HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
OC43	I-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
was	O
not	O
more	O
frequent	O
in	O
children	O
with	O
preexisting	O
conditions	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Previous	O
trials	O
suggesting	O
that	O
high	O
-	O
frequency	O
oscillatory	O
ventilation	O
(	O
HFOV	O
)	O
reduced	O
mortality	O
among	O
adults	O
with	O
the	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
distress	O
syndrome	O
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
were	O
limited	O
by	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
outdated	O
comparator	O
ventilation	O
strategies	O
and	O
small	O
sample	O
sizes	O
.	O

In	O
a	O
multicenter	O
,	O
randomized	O
,	O
controlled	O
trial	O
conducted	O
at	O
39	O
intensive	O
care	O
units	O
in	O
five	O
countries	O
,	O
we	O
randomly	O
assigned	O
adults	O
with	O
new	O
-	O
onset	O
,	O
moderate	O
-	O
to	O
-	O
severe	O
ARDS	B-DISO
to	O
HFOV	O
targeting	B-PROC
lung	B-ANAT
recruitment	B-DISO
or	O
to	O
a	O
control	O
ventilation	O
strategy	O
targeting	B-PROC
lung	B-ANAT
recruitment	B-DISO
with	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
low	O
tidal	O
volumes	O
and	O
high	O
positive	O
end	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
expiratory	I-PROC
pressure	O
.	O

Due	O
to	O
the	O
parallel	O
HIV	B-DISO
-	O
and	O
Hepatits	O
B	O
infection	B-DISO
an	O
antiretroviral	O
therapy	O
was	O
initiated	O
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
In	O
summary	O
the	O
Puumala	O
infection	B-DISO
bears	B-SPEC
the	O
potential	O
for	O
a	O
severe	O
multi	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
organ	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
,	O
which	O
is	O
not	O
typical	O
for	O
this	O
usually	O
benign	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
This	O
study	O
was	O
performed	O
to	O
characterize	O
respiratory	O
viral	O
infections	O
in	O
pediatric	O
patients	O
undergoing	O
hematopoietic	B-ANAT
stem	I-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
transplantation	O
(	O
HSCT	O
).	O

Among	O
the	O
89	O
clinical	O
episodes	O
,	O
frequently	O
detected	O
viruses	B-SPEC
were	O
rhinovirus	B-SPEC
in	O
25	O
(	O
28	O
.	O
1	O
%),	O
RSV	B-SPEC
in	O
23	O
(	O
25	O
.	O
8	O
%),	O
PIV	O
-	O
3	O
in	O
16	O
(	O
18	O
.	O
0	O
%),	O
adenovirus	B-DISO
in	O
12	O
(	O
13	O
.	O
5	O
%),	O
and	O
hCoV	O
in	O
10	O
(	O
11	O
.	O
2	O
%).	O

Three	O
patients	O
died	B-PROC
of	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
caused	O
by	O
respiratory	O
viral	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
.	O

The	O
adjuvanticity	B-PROC
of	O
Sargassum	B-SPEC
pallidum	I-SPEC
polysaccharides	B-CHED
in	O
Newcastle	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
(	O
ND	O
),	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
(	O
IB	O
)	O
and	O
avian	B-DISO
influenza	I-DISO
(	O
AI	O
)	O
was	O
investigated	O
by	O
examining	O
the	O
antibody	B-COMP
titers	O
and	O
lymphocyte	B-PROC
proliferation	B-DISO
following	O
immunization	O
in	O
chickens	B-SPEC
.	O

The	O
ND	O
,	O
IB	O
and	O
AI	O
antibody	B-COMP
titers	O
and	O
the	O
lymphocyte	B-PROC
proliferation	B-DISO
were	O
enhanced	O
at	O
30	O
mg	O
/	O
mL	O
SPP	B-ENZY
.	O

In	O
conclusion	O
,	O
an	O
appropriate	O
dose	O
of	O
SPP	B-PRGE
may	O
be	O
a	O
safe	O
and	O
efficacious	O
immune	O
stimulator	O
candidate	O
that	O
is	O
suitable	O
for	O
vaccines	O
to	O
produce	O
early	O
and	O
persistent	O
prophylaxis	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Chronic	O
-	O
alcohol	O
-	O
abuse	B-DISO
-	O
induced	O
oxidative	B-DISO
stress	I-DISO
in	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

Alcohol	B-DISO
abuse	I-DISO
is	O
also	O
associated	O
with	O
a	O
higher	O
incidence	O
of	O
sepsis	B-DISO
or	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
resulting	O
in	O
a	O
higher	O
rate	O
of	O
admittance	O
to	O
intensive	O
care	O
,	O
longer	O
inpatient	O
stays	O
,	O
higher	O
healthcare	O
costs	O
,	O
and	O
a	O
2	O
-	O
4	O
times	O
greater	O
mortality	O
rate	O
.	O

Viral	O
metagenome	O
sequence	O
annotations	O
were	O
reproducible	O
and	O
independent	O
PCR	O
-	O
based	O
identification	O
of	O
selected	O
viruses	B-SPEC
suggests	O
that	O
viral	O
metagenomes	O
were	O
a	O
conservative	O
estimate	O
of	O
the	O
true	O
viral	O
occurrence	O
and	O
diversity	O
.	O

ADORA2A	B-PRGE
is	O
protective	O
against	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
after	O
LPS	B-DISO
and	O
oxygen	B-CHED
.	O

Examination	O
of	O
sputum	B-ANAT
and	O
urine	B-ANAT
revealed	O
acid	O
-	O
fast	B-FUNC
bacilli	B-SPEC
,	O
which	O
were	O
later	O
confirmed	O
as	O
Mycobacterium	B-SPEC
tuberculosis	I-SPEC
sensitive	O
to	O
all	O
drugs	O
.	O

We	O
therefore	O
diagnosed	O
her	O
with	O
miliary	B-DISO
tuberculosis	I-DISO
complicated	O
by	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
and	O
disseminated	B-DISO
intravascular	I-DISO
coagulation	I-DISO
(	O
DIC	B-DISO
).	O

A	O
recent	O
report	O
suggested	O
that	O
rTM	O
is	O
effective	O
for	O
DIC	B-DISO
and	O
ARDS	B-DISO
secondary	O
to	O
sepsis	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Surviving	O
sepsis	B-DISO
campaign	O
:	O
international	O
guidelines	O
for	O
management	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
sepsis	I-DISO
and	O
septic	B-DISO
shock	I-DISO
:	O
2012	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
provide	O
an	O
update	O
to	O
the	O
""""	O
Surviving	O
Sepsis	B-DISO
Campaign	O
Guidelines	O
for	O
Management	O
of	O
Severe	B-DISO
Sepsis	I-DISO
and	O
Septic	B-DISO
Shock	I-DISO
","""	O
last	O
published	O
in	O
2008	O
.	O

A	O
stand	O
-	O
alone	O
meeting	O
was	O
held	O
for	O
all	O
subgroup	O
heads	B-ANAT
,	O
co	O
-	O
and	O
vice	O
-	O
chairs	O
,	O
and	O
selected	O
individuals	O
.	O

Teleconferences	O
and	O
electronic	O
-	O
based	O
discussion	O
among	O
subgroups	O
and	O
among	O
the	O
entire	O
committee	O
served	O
as	O
an	O
integral	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
.	O

Key	O
recommendations	O
and	O
suggestions	O
,	O
listed	O
by	O
category	O
,	O
include	O
:	O
early	O
quantitative	O
resuscitation	O
of	O
the	O
septic	O
patient	O
during	O
the	O
first	O
6	O
hrs	B-DISO
after	O
recognition	O
(	O
1C	O
);	O
blood	B-ANAT
cultures	O
before	O
antibiotic	B-CHED
therapy	O
(	O
1C	O
);	O
imaging	O
studies	O
performed	O
promptly	O
to	O
confirm	O
a	O
potential	O
source	O
of	O
infection	B-DISO
(	O
UG	O
);	O
administration	O
of	O
broad	O
-	O
spectrum	O
antimicrobials	B-CHED
therapy	O
within	O
1	O
hr	O
of	O
recognition	O
of	O
septic	B-DISO
shock	I-DISO
(	O
1B	O
)	O
and	O
severe	B-DISO
sepsis	I-DISO
without	I-DISO
septic	I-DISO
shock	I-DISO
(	O
1C	O
)	O
as	O
the	O
goal	O
of	O
therapy	O
;	O
reassessment	O
of	O
antimicrobial	B-CHED
therapy	O
daily	O
for	O
de	O
-	O
escalation	O
,	O
when	O
appropriate	O
(	O
1B	O
);	O
infection	B-DISO
source	O
control	O
with	O
attention	O
to	O
the	O
balance	B-PROC
of	O
risks	O
and	O
benefits	O
of	O
the	O
chosen	O
method	O
within	O
12	O
hrs	B-DISO
of	O
diagnosis	O
(	O
1C	O
);	O
initial	O
fluid	O
resuscitation	O
with	O
crystalloid	B-COMP
(	O
1B	O
)	O
and	O
consideration	O
of	O
the	O
addition	O
of	O
albumin	B-PRGE
in	O
patients	O
who	O
continue	O
to	O
require	O
substantial	O
amounts	O
of	O
crystalloid	B-COMP
to	O
maintain	O
adequate	O
mean	O
arterial	B-PROC
pressure	I-PROC
(	O
2C	O
)	O
and	O
the	O
avoidance	O
of	O
hetastarch	O
formulations	O
(	O
1C	O
);	O
initial	O
fluid	O
challenge	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
sepsis	B-DISO
-	O
induced	O
tissue	B-ANAT
hypoperfusion	O
and	O
suspicion	O
of	O
hypovolemia	O
to	O
achieve	O
a	O
minimum	O
of	O
30	O
mL	O
/	O
kg	O
of	O
crystalloids	O
(	O
more	O
rapid	O
administration	O
and	O
greater	O
amounts	O
of	O
fluid	O
may	O
be	O
needed	O
in	O
some	O
patients	O
)	O
(	O
1C	O
);	O
fluid	O
challenge	O
technique	O
continued	O
as	O
long	O
as	O
hemodynamic	B-PROC
improvement	O
,	O
as	O
based	O
on	O
either	O
dynamic	O
or	O
static	O
variables	O
(	O
UG	O
);	O
norepinephrine	B-CHED
as	O
the	O
first	O
-	O
choice	O
vasopressor	O
to	O
maintain	O
mean	O
arterial	B-PROC
pressure	I-PROC
≥	O
65	O
mm	O
Hg	O
(	O
1B	O
);	O
epinephrine	B-CHED
when	O
an	O
additional	O
agent	O
is	O
needed	O
to	O
maintain	O
adequate	O
blood	B-PROC
pressure	I-PROC
(	O
2B	O
);	O
vasopressin	B-CHED
(	O
0	O
.	O
03	O
U	O
/	O
min	O
)	O
can	O
be	O
added	O
to	O
norepinephrine	B-CHED
to	O
either	O
raise	O
mean	O
arterial	B-PROC
pressure	I-PROC
to	O
target	O
or	O
to	O
decrease	O
norepinephrine	B-CHED
dose	O
but	O
should	O
not	O
be	O
used	O
as	O
the	O
initial	O
vasopressor	O
(	O
UG	O
);	O
dopamine	B-CHED
is	O
not	O
recommended	O
except	O
in	O
highly	O
selected	O
circumstances	O
(	O
2C	O
);	O
dobutamine	B-CHED
infusion	O
administered	O
or	O
added	O
to	O
vasopressor	O
in	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
a	O
)	O
myocardial	B-DISO
dysfunction	I-DISO
as	O
suggested	O
by	O
elevated	O
cardiac	B-ANAT
filling	O
pressures	O
and	O
low	O
cardiac	B-ANAT
output	O
,	O
or	O
b	O
)	O
ongoing	O
signs	O
of	O
hypoperfusion	O
despite	O
achieving	O
adequate	O
intravascular	O
volume	O
and	O
adequate	O
mean	O
arterial	B-PROC
pressure	I-PROC
(	O
1C	O
);	O
avoiding	O
use	O
of	O
intravenous	O
hydrocortisone	B-CHED
in	O
adult	O
septic	B-DISO
shock	I-DISO
patients	O
if	O
adequate	O
fluid	O
resuscitation	O
and	O
vasopressor	O
therapy	O
are	O
able	O
to	O
restore	O
hemodynamic	B-PROC
stability	O
(	O
2C	O
);	O
hemoglobin	B-PRGE
target	O
of	O
7	O
-	O
9	O
g	O
/	O
dL	O
in	O
the	O
absence	O
of	O
tissue	B-ANAT
hypoperfusion	O
,	O
ischemic	O
coronary	B-DISO
artery	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
,	O
or	O
acute	B-DISO
hemorrhage	I-DISO
(	O
1B	O
);	O
low	O
tidal	O
volume	O
(	O
1A	O
)	O
and	O
limitation	O
of	O
inspiratory	B-PROC
plateau	O
pressure	O
(	O
1B	O
)	O
for	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
);	O
application	O
of	O
at	O
least	O
a	O
minimal	O
amount	O
of	O
positive	O
end	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
expiratory	I-PROC
pressure	O
(	O
PEEP	B-CHED
)	O
in	O
ARDS	B-DISO
(	O
1B	O
);	O
higher	O
rather	O
than	O
lower	O
level	O
of	O
PEEP	B-CHED
for	O
patients	O
with	O
sepsis	B-DISO
-	O
induced	O
moderate	O
or	O
severe	O
ARDS	B-DISO
(	O
2C	O
);	O
recruitment	B-DISO
maneuvers	O
in	O
sepsis	B-DISO
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
refractory	O
hypoxemia	O
due	O
to	O
ARDS	B-DISO
(	O
2C	O
);	O
prone	O
positioning	O
in	O
sepsis	B-DISO
-	O
induced	O
ARDS	B-DISO
patients	O
with	O
a	O
PaO2	O
/	O
FIO2	O
ratio	O
of	O
≤	O
100	O
mm	O
Hg	O
in	O
facilities	O
that	O
have	O
experience	O
with	O
such	O
practices	O
(	O
2C	O
);	O
head	B-ANAT
-	O
of	O
-	O
bed	B-DISO
elevation	O
in	O
mechanically	O
ventilated	O
patients	O
unless	O
contraindicated	O
(	O
1B	O
);	O
a	O
conservative	O
fluid	O
strategy	O
for	O
patients	O
with	O
established	O
ARDS	B-DISO
who	O
do	O
not	O
have	O
evidence	O
of	O
tissue	B-ANAT
hypoperfusion	O
(	O
1C	O
);	O
protocols	O
for	O
weaning	B-PROC
and	O
sedation	B-DISO
(	O
1A	O
);	O
minimizing	O
use	O
of	O
either	O
intermittent	O
bolus	O
sedation	B-DISO
or	O
continuous	O
infusion	O
sedation	B-DISO
targeting	B-PROC
specific	O
titration	O
endpoints	O
(	O
1B	O
);	O
avoidance	O
of	O
neuromuscular	O
blockers	O
if	O
possible	O
in	O
the	O
septic	O
patient	O
without	O
ARDS	B-DISO
(	O
1C	O
);	O
a	O
short	O
course	O
of	O
neuromuscular	O
blocker	O
(	O
no	O
longer	O
than	O
48	O
hrs	B-DISO
)	O
for	O
patients	O
with	O
early	O
ARDS	B-DISO
and	O
a	O
Pao2	B-PRGE
/	O
Fio2	O
<	O
150	O
mm	O
Hg	O
(	O
2C	O
);	O
a	O
protocolized	O
approach	O
to	O
blood	B-ANAT
glucose	B-CHED
management	O
commencing	O
insulin	B-PRGE
dosing	O
when	O
two	O
consecutive	O
blood	B-ANAT
glucose	B-CHED
levels	O
are	O
>	O
180	O
mg	O
/	O
dL	O
,	O
targeting	B-PROC
an	O
upper	O
blood	B-ANAT
glucose	B-CHED
≤	O
180	O
mg	O
/	O
dL	O
(	O
1A	O
);	O
equivalency	O
of	O
continuous	O
veno	O
-	O
venous	B-ANAT
hemofiltration	O
or	O
intermittent	O
hemodialysis	O
(	O
2B	O
);	O
prophylaxis	O
for	O
deep	B-DISO
vein	I-DISO
thrombosis	I-DISO
(	O
1B	O
);	O
use	O
of	O
stress	B-DISO
ulcer	I-DISO
prophylaxis	O
to	O
prevent	O
upper	B-DISO
gastrointestinal	I-DISO
bleeding	I-DISO
in	O
patients	O
with	O
bleeding	B-DISO
risk	O
factors	O
(	O
1B	O
);	O
oral	B-ANAT
or	O
enteral	O
(	O
if	O
necessary	O
)	O
feedings	O
,	O
as	O
tolerated	O
,	O
rather	O
than	O
either	O
complete	O
fasting	O
or	O
provision	O
of	O
only	O
intravenous	O
glucose	B-CHED
within	O
the	O
first	O
48	O
hrs	B-DISO
after	O
a	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
sepsis	I-DISO
/	O
septic	B-DISO
shock	I-DISO
(	O
2C	O
);	O
and	O
addressing	O
goals	O
of	O
care	O
,	O
including	O
treatment	O
plans	O
and	O
end	O
-	O
of	O
-	O
life	O
planning	O
(	O
as	O
appropriate	O
)	O
(	O
1B	O
),	O
as	O
early	O
as	O
feasible	O
,	O
but	O
within	O
72	O
hrs	B-DISO
of	O
intensive	O
care	O
unit	O
admission	O
(	O
2C	O
).	O

Recombination	B-PROC
analysis	O
showed	O
that	O
Sczy3	O
is	O
a	O
chimeric	O
strain	O
derived	O
from	O
LX4	O
(	O
major	O
parental	O
sequence	O
)	O
and	O
H120	O
(	O
minor	O
parental	O
sequence	O
)	O
suggesting	O
that	O
recombination	B-PROC
occurred	O
in	O
a	O
region	O
containing	O
the	O
3	O
'	O
terminal	O
5a	O
sequence	O
(	O
83	O
nt	O
),	O
the	O
5	O
'	O
terminal	O
5b	O
sequence	O
(	O
222	O
nt	O
),	O
and	O
the	O
5	O
'	O
terminal	O
nucleocapsid	O
protein	B-CHED
gene	O
sequence	O
(	O
132	O
nt	O
).	O

Mutations	O
and	O
intergenic	O
recombination	B-PROC
may	O
have	O
played	O
an	O
important	O
role	O
in	O
the	O
evolution	B-PROC
of	O
IBVs	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Surviving	O
Sepsis	B-DISO
Campaign	O
:	O
international	O
guidelines	O
for	O
management	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
sepsis	I-DISO
and	O
septic	B-DISO
shock	I-DISO
,	O
2012	O
.	O

Key	O
recommendations	O
and	O
suggestions	O
,	O
listed	O
by	O
category	O
,	O
include	O
:	O
early	O
quantitative	O
resuscitation	O
of	O
the	O
septic	O
patient	O
during	O
the	O
first	O
6	O
h	O
after	O
recognition	O
(	O
1C	O
);	O
blood	B-ANAT
cultures	O
before	O
antibiotic	B-CHED
therapy	O
(	O
1C	O
);	O
imaging	O
studies	O
performed	O
promptly	O
to	O
confirm	O
a	O
potential	O
source	O
of	O
infection	B-DISO
(	O
UG	O
);	O
administration	O
of	O
broad	O
-	O
spectrum	O
antimicrobials	B-CHED
therapy	O
within	O
1	O
h	O
of	O
the	O
recognition	O
of	O
septic	B-DISO
shock	I-DISO
(	O
1B	O
)	O
and	O
severe	B-DISO
sepsis	I-DISO
without	I-DISO
septic	I-DISO
shock	I-DISO
(	O
1C	O
)	O
as	O
the	O
goal	O
of	O
therapy	O
;	O
reassessment	O
of	O
antimicrobial	B-CHED
therapy	O
daily	O
for	O
de	O
-	O
escalation	O
,	O
when	O
appropriate	O
(	O
1B	O
);	O
infection	B-DISO
source	O
control	O
with	O
attention	O
to	O
the	O
balance	B-PROC
of	O
risks	O
and	O
benefits	O
of	O
the	O
chosen	O
method	O
within	O
12	O
h	O
of	O
diagnosis	O
(	O
1C	O
);	O
initial	O
fluid	O
resuscitation	O
with	O
crystalloid	B-COMP
(	O
1B	O
)	O
and	O
consideration	O
of	O
the	O
addition	O
of	O
albumin	B-PRGE
in	O
patients	O
who	O
continue	O
to	O
require	O
substantial	O
amounts	O
of	O
crystalloid	B-COMP
to	O
maintain	O
adequate	O
mean	O
arterial	B-PROC
pressure	I-PROC
(	O
2C	O
)	O
and	O
the	O
avoidance	O
of	O
hetastarch	O
formulations	O
(	O
1B	O
);	O
initial	O
fluid	O
challenge	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
sepsis	B-DISO
-	O
induced	O
tissue	B-ANAT
hypoperfusion	O
and	O
suspicion	O
of	O
hypovolemia	O
to	O
achieve	O
a	O
minimum	O
of	O
30	O
mL	O
/	O
kg	O
of	O
crystalloids	O
(	O
more	O
rapid	O
administration	O
and	O
greater	O
amounts	O
of	O
fluid	O
may	O
be	O
needed	O
in	O
some	O
patients	O
(	O
1C	O
);	O
fluid	O
challenge	O
technique	O
continued	O
as	O
long	O
as	O
hemodynamic	B-PROC
improvement	O
is	O
based	O
on	O
either	O
dynamic	O
or	O
static	O
variables	O
(	O
UG	O
);	O
norepinephrine	B-CHED
as	O
the	O
first	O
-	O
choice	O
vasopressor	O
to	O
maintain	O
mean	O
arterial	B-PROC
pressure	I-PROC
≥	O
65	O
mmHg	O
(	O
1B	O
);	O
epinephrine	B-CHED
when	O
an	O
additional	O
agent	O
is	O
needed	O
to	O
maintain	O
adequate	O
blood	B-PROC
pressure	I-PROC
(	O
2B	O
);	O
vasopressin	B-CHED
(	O
0	O
.	O
03	O
U	O
/	O
min	O
)	O
can	O
be	O
added	O
to	O
norepinephrine	B-CHED
to	O
either	O
raise	O
mean	O
arterial	B-PROC
pressure	I-PROC
to	O
target	O
or	O
to	O
decrease	O
norepinephrine	B-CHED
dose	O
but	O
should	O
not	O
be	O
used	O
as	O
the	O
initial	O
vasopressor	O
(	O
UG	O
);	O
dopamine	B-CHED
is	O
not	O
recommended	O
except	O
in	O
highly	O
selected	O
circumstances	O
(	O
2C	O
);	O
dobutamine	B-CHED
infusion	O
administered	O
or	O
added	O
to	O
vasopressor	O
in	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
(	O
a	O
)	O
myocardial	B-DISO
dysfunction	I-DISO
as	O
suggested	O
by	O
elevated	O
cardiac	B-ANAT
filling	O
pressures	O
and	O
low	O
cardiac	B-ANAT
output	O
,	O
or	O
(	O
b	O
)	O
ongoing	O
signs	O
of	O
hypoperfusion	O
despite	O
achieving	O
adequate	O
intravascular	O
volume	O
and	O
adequate	O
mean	O
arterial	B-PROC
pressure	I-PROC
(	O
1C	O
);	O
avoiding	O
use	O
of	O
intravenous	O
hydrocortisone	B-CHED
in	O
adult	O
septic	B-DISO
shock	I-DISO
patients	O
if	O
adequate	O
fluid	O
resuscitation	O
and	O
vasopressor	O
therapy	O
are	O
able	O
to	O
restore	O
hemodynamic	B-PROC
stability	O
(	O
2C	O
);	O
hemoglobin	B-PRGE
target	O
of	O
7	O
-	O
9	O
g	O
/	O
dL	O
in	O
the	O
absence	O
of	O
tissue	B-ANAT
hypoperfusion	O
,	O
ischemic	O
coronary	B-DISO
artery	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
,	O
or	O
acute	B-DISO
hemorrhage	I-DISO
(	O
1B	O
);	O
low	O
tidal	O
volume	O
(	O
1A	O
)	O
and	O
limitation	O
of	O
inspiratory	B-PROC
plateau	O
pressure	O
(	O
1B	O
)	O
for	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
);	O
application	O
of	O
at	O
least	O
a	O
minimal	O
amount	O
of	O
positive	O
end	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
expiratory	I-PROC
pressure	O
(	O
PEEP	B-CHED
)	O
in	O
ARDS	B-DISO
(	O
1B	O
);	O
higher	O
rather	O
than	O
lower	O
level	O
of	O
PEEP	B-CHED
for	O
patients	O
with	O
sepsis	B-DISO
-	O
induced	O
moderate	O
or	O
severe	O
ARDS	B-DISO
(	O
2C	O
);	O
recruitment	B-DISO
maneuvers	O
in	O
sepsis	B-DISO
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
refractory	O
hypoxemia	O
due	O
to	O
ARDS	B-DISO
(	O
2C	O
);	O
prone	O
positioning	O
in	O
sepsis	B-DISO
-	O
induced	O
ARDS	B-DISO
patients	O
with	O
a	O
PaO	B-PROC
(	O
2	O
)/	O
FiO	O
(	O
2	O
)	O
ratio	O
of	O
≤	O
100	O
mm	O
Hg	O
in	O
facilities	O
that	O
have	O
experience	O
with	O
such	O
practices	O
(	O
2C	O
);	O
head	B-ANAT
-	O
of	O
-	O
bed	B-DISO
elevation	O
in	O
mechanically	O
ventilated	O
patients	O
unless	O
contraindicated	O
(	O
1B	O
);	O
a	O
conservative	O
fluid	O
strategy	O
for	O
patients	O
with	O
established	O
ARDS	B-DISO
who	O
do	O
not	O
have	O
evidence	O
of	O
tissue	B-ANAT
hypoperfusion	O
(	O
1C	O
);	O
protocols	O
for	O
weaning	B-PROC
and	O
sedation	B-DISO
(	O
1A	O
);	O
minimizing	O
use	O
of	O
either	O
intermittent	O
bolus	O
sedation	B-DISO
or	O
continuous	O
infusion	O
sedation	B-DISO
targeting	B-PROC
specific	O
titration	O
endpoints	O
(	O
1B	O
);	O
avoidance	O
of	O
neuromuscular	O
blockers	O
if	O
possible	O
in	O
the	O
septic	O
patient	O
without	O
ARDS	B-DISO
(	O
1C	O
);	O
a	O
short	O
course	O
of	O
neuromuscular	O
blocker	O
(	O
no	O
longer	O
than	O
48	O
h	O
)	O
for	O
patients	O
with	O
early	O
ARDS	B-DISO
and	O
a	O
PaO	B-PROC
(	O
2	O
)/	O
FI	O
O	O
(	O
2	O
)	O
<	O
150	O
mm	O
Hg	O
(	O
2C	O
);	O
a	O
protocolized	O
approach	O
to	O
blood	B-ANAT
glucose	B-CHED
management	O
commencing	O
insulin	B-PRGE
dosing	O
when	O
two	O
consecutive	O
blood	B-ANAT
glucose	B-CHED
levels	O
are	O
>	O
180	O
mg	O
/	O
dL	O
,	O
targeting	B-PROC
an	O
upper	O
blood	B-ANAT
glucose	B-CHED
≤	O
180	O
mg	O
/	O
dL	O
(	O
1A	O
);	O
equivalency	O
of	O
continuous	O
veno	O
-	O
venous	B-ANAT
hemofiltration	O
or	O
intermittent	O
hemodialysis	O
(	O
2B	O
);	O
prophylaxis	O
for	O
deep	B-DISO
vein	I-DISO
thrombosis	I-DISO
(	O
1B	O
);	O
use	O
of	O
stress	B-DISO
ulcer	I-DISO
prophylaxis	O
to	O
prevent	O
upper	B-DISO
gastrointestinal	I-DISO
bleeding	I-DISO
in	O
patients	O
with	O
bleeding	B-DISO
risk	O
factors	O
(	O
1B	O
);	O
oral	B-ANAT
or	O
enteral	O
(	O
if	O
necessary	O
)	O
feedings	O
,	O
as	O
tolerated	O
,	O
rather	O
than	O
either	O
complete	O
fasting	O
or	O
provision	O
of	O
only	O
intravenous	O
glucose	B-CHED
within	O
the	O
first	O
48	O
h	O
after	O
a	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
sepsis	I-DISO
/	O
septic	B-DISO
shock	I-DISO
(	O
2C	O
);	O
and	O
addressing	O
goals	O
of	O
care	O
,	O
including	O
treatment	O
plans	O
and	O
end	O
-	O
of	O
-	O
life	O
planning	O
(	O
as	O
appropriate	O
)	O
(	O
1B	O
),	O
as	O
early	O
as	O
feasible	O
,	O
but	O
within	O
72	O
h	O
of	O
intensive	O
care	O
unit	O
admission	O
(	O
2C	O
).	O

For	O
specimens	O
with	O
discrepant	O
results	O
,	O
monoplex	B-SPEC
PCR	O
and	O
sequencing	O
of	O
the	O
target	O
viruses	B-SPEC
were	O
performed	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Genetic	O
predisposition	O
to	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
in	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	B-DISO
sepsis	I-DISO
.	O

Patients	O
older	O
than	O
18	O
years	O
admitted	O
to	O
the	O
intensive	O
care	O
unit	O
(	O
ICU	O
)	O
with	O
the	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
sepsis	I-DISO
were	O
prospectively	O
included	O
.	O

After	O
adjustment	O
for	O
those	O
variables	O
,	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
the	O
allele	O
D	O
of	O
the	O
ACE	B-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
(	O
odds	O
ratio	O
,	O
4	O
.	O
75	O
;	O
95	O
%	O
confidence	O
interval	O
,	O
1	O
.	O
02	O
-	O
22	O
.	O
20	O
;	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
048	O
)	O
was	O
significantly	O
associated	O
with	O
the	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
accessory	O
protein	B-CHED
ORF6	O
antagonizes	O
interferon	B-PATH
signaling	B-PROC
by	O
blocking	B-DISO
karyopherin	B-PRGE
-	O
mediated	O
nuclear	B-PROC
import	I-PROC
processes	O
.	O

By	O
bioinformatic	O
and	O
systems	O
biology	O
approaches	O
,	O
we	O
evaluated	O
the	O
impact	O
of	O
nuclear	B-PROC
import	I-PROC
antagonism	O
on	O
host	B-COMP
expression	B-PROC
networks	O
by	O
using	O
human	B-SPEC
lung	B-ANAT
epithelial	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
infected	O
with	O
either	O
wild	O
-	O
type	O
virus	B-SPEC
or	O
a	O
mutant	B-DISO
that	O
does	O
not	O
express	O
ORF6	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
.	O

Microarray	O
analysis	O
revealed	O
significant	O
changes	O
in	O
differential	B-PROC
gene	I-PROC
expression	I-PROC
,	O
with	O
approximately	O
twice	O
as	O
many	O
upregulated	O
genes	O
in	O
the	O
mutant	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
samples	O
by	O
48	O
h	O
postinfection	O
,	O
despite	O
identical	O
viral	O
titers	O
.	O

To	O
evaluate	O
the	O
accuracy	O
of	O
these	O
clinical	O
criteria	O
using	O
diffuse	B-DISO
alveolar	I-DISO
damage	I-DISO
(	O
DAD	O
)	O
at	O
autopsy	O
as	O
the	O
reference	O
standard	O
.	O

Glucocorticoids	B-CHED
are	O
the	O
natural	O
regulators	O
of	O
inflammation	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
their	O
production	O
increases	O
during	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

We	O
have	O
expanded	O
on	O
this	O
meta	B-SPEC
-	O
analysis	O
by	O
including	O
patients	O
with	O
CAP	B-DISO
recruited	O
in	O
trials	O
investigating	O
prolonged	O
low	O
-	O
dose	O
glucocorticoid	B-CHED
treatment	O
in	O
septic	B-DISO
shock	I-DISO
and	O
/	O
or	O
early	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
n	O
=	O
1	O
,	O
206	O
).	O

Our	O
findings	O
confirm	O
a	O
survival	O
advantage	O
for	O
severe	O
CAP	B-DISO
(	O
RR	O
0	O
.	O
66	O
,	O
95	O
%	O
confidence	O
interval	O
0	O
.	O
51	O
-	O
0	O
.	O
84	O
;	O
p	O
=	O
.	O
001	O
).	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Breastfeeding	B-PROC
is	O
the	O
reference	O
against	O
which	O
alternative	O
infant	O
feeding	O
models	O
must	O
be	O
measured	O
with	O
regard	O
to	O
growth	O
,	O
development	B-PROC
and	O
other	O
health	O
outcomes	O
.	O

The	O
results	O
of	O
a	O
systematic	O
review	O
in	O
which	O
researchers	O
examined	O
the	O
relationship	O
between	O
breastfeeding	B-PROC
and	O
early	B-DISO
childhood	I-DISO
caries	I-DISO
were	O
inconclusive	O
.	O

Patients	O
had	O
a	O
significantly	O
higher	O
probability	O
of	O
HCoV	O
detection	O
in	O
stool	B-ANAT
(	O
OR	O
4	O
;	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
1	O
.	O
4	O
-	O
15	O
.	O
3	O
;	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
006	O
)	O
and	O
also	O
in	O
stool	B-ANAT
and	O
/	O
or	O
NP	O
(	O
OR	O
3	O
.	O
3	O
,	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
1	O
.	O
3	O
-	O
10	O
.	O
0	O
;	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
01	O
)	O
than	O
healthy	O
controls	O
.	O

All	O
four	O
HCoVs	O
species	B-SPEC
were	O
detected	O
in	O
stool	B-ANAT
and	O
NP	O
samples	O
.	O

Additionally	O
,	O
the	O
prime	O
-	O
boost	O
group	O
also	O
showed	O
the	O
highest	O
level	O
of	O
IBV	O
-	O
specific	O
cellular	B-DISO
proliferation	I-DISO
compared	O
to	O
the	O
monovalent	O
groups	O
(	O
p	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
01	O
)	O
but	O
no	O
significant	O
difference	O
was	O
found	O
compared	O
to	O
the	O
multivalent	O
DNA	O
vaccine	O
group	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
prime	O
-	O
boost	O
group	O
completely	O
protected	O
from	O
followed	O
viral	O
challenge	O
.	O

In	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
the	O
N	O
genes	O
of	O
15	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
strains	O
were	O
amplified	O
by	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
and	O
cloned	O
into	O
the	O
pMT	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
19T	I-PRGE
vector	O
,	O
sequenced	O
,	O
and	O
compared	O
to	O
each	O
other	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
to	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
reference	O
strains	O
.	O

Alveolar	B-ANAT
epithelial	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
(	O
AEC	B-COMP
)	O
contribute	O
importantly	O
to	O
normal	O
alveolar	B-ANAT
function	O
,	O
and	O
AEC	B-COMP
dysfunction	O
in	O
ALI	O
/	O
ARDS	B-DISO
is	O
associated	O
with	O
worse	O
outcomes	O
.	O

Cytomix	O
-	O
stimulated	O
PMN	B-PROC
-	O
dependent	O
PMVEC	O
hyper	O
-	O
permeability	O
and	O
trans	O
-	O
PMVEC	O
PMN	B-PROC
migration	B-PROC
were	O
also	O
inhibited	O
in	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
A549	O
cells	B-COMP
or	O
A549	O
cell	B-COMP
-	O
conditioned	O
medium	O
(	O
p	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
).	O

One	O
hundred	O
fifty	O
-	O
nine	O
critically	B-DISO
ill	I-DISO
patients	O
,	O
including	O
50	O
patients	O
with	O
sepsis	B-DISO
,	O
57	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
trauma	O
and	O
52	O
resuscitated	O
after	O
out	O
-	O
of	O
-	O
hospital	O
cardiac	O
arrest	O
,	O
were	O
divided	O
into	O
three	O
subgroups	O
:	O
including	O
25	O
ALI	O
patients	O
,	O
101	O
ARDS	B-DISO
patients	O
and	O
22	O
non	O
-	O
ALI	O
/	O
ARDS	B-DISO
patients	O
.	O

There	O
were	O
also	O
significant	O
negative	O
correlations	O
between	O
the	O
minimal	O
value	O
of	O
sVEGFR2	O
,	O
the	O
maximal	O
value	O
of	O
Ang1	B-PRGE
and	O
the	O
ALI	O
/	O
ARDS	B-DISO
group	O
.	O

Moreover	O
,	O
Ang2	B-PRGE
and	O
sVEGFR2	O
also	O
independently	O
predicted	O
the	O
mortality	O
in	O
ALI	O
/	O
ARDS	B-DISO
patients	O
.	O

Different	O
serotypes	O
and	O
genetic	O
types	O
of	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
have	O
been	O
identified	O
worldwide	O
and	O
for	O
the	O
most	O
part	O
do	O
not	O
cross	O
-	O
protect	O
.	O

Genetic	O
typing	O
of	O
IBV	B-SPEC
,	O
which	O
involves	O
reverse	B-PROC
transcription	I-PROC
-	O
PCR	O
amplification	B-DISO
and	O
sequence	O
analysis	O
of	O
the	O
S1	B-PRGE
glycoprotein	I-PRGE
gene	O
,	O
has	O
revolutionized	O
diagnosis	O
and	O
identification	O
of	O
this	O
virus	B-SPEC
by	O
making	O
it	O
possible	O
to	O
type	O
and	O
compare	O
the	O
relatedness	O
of	O
a	O
large	O
number	O
of	O
virus	O
isolates	O
in	O
a	O
short	O
period	O
of	O
time	O
.	O

We	O
observed	O
lower	O
antibody	B-PROC
responses	I-PROC
to	O
the	O
vaccines	O
that	O
produced	O
lower	O
viral	O
loads	O
,	O
which	O
might	O
contribute	O
to	O
the	O
persistence	O
of	O
Ark	B-PRGE
serotype	O
IBV	B-SPEC
vaccines	O
observed	O
in	O
commercial	O
flocks	O
.	O

In	O
order	B-SPEC
to	O
draw	O
an	O
epidemiologic	O
picture	O
of	O
aMPV	O
presence	O
in	O
layer	B-ANAT
flocks	O
in	O
Italy	O
,	O
a	O
survey	O
was	O
performed	O
on	O
19	O
flocks	O
of	O
pullets	O
and	O
layers	B-ANAT
based	O
on	O
longitudinal	O
studies	O
or	O
sporadic	O
samplings	O
.	O

In	O
two	O
layer	B-ANAT
flocks	O
,	O
egg	B-ANAT
drops	O
were	O
observed	O
and	O
could	O
be	O
strongly	O
linked	O
to	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
aMPV	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Deubiquitinase	B-FUNC
function	O
of	O
arterivirus	B-SPEC
papain	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
like	I-PRGE
protease	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
suppresses	O
the	O
innate	B-PROC
immune	I-PROC
response	I-PROC
in	O
infected	O
host	B-COMP
cells	B-COMP
.	O

The	O
discovery	O
of	O
viruses	B-SPEC
encoding	O
deubiquitinating	B-PROC
enzymes	O
(	O
DUBs	O
)	O
suggests	O
they	O
remove	O
ubiquitin	B-PROC
to	O
evade	O
ubiquitin	B-PROC
-	O
dependent	O
antiviral	B-CHED
responses	O
;	O
however	O
,	O
this	O
has	O
never	O
been	O
conclusively	O
demonstrated	O
in	O
virus	B-SPEC
-	O
infected	O
cells	B-COMP
.	O

Arteriviruses	B-SPEC
are	O
economically	O
important	O
positive	O
-	O
stranded	O
RNA	O
viruses	B-SPEC
that	O
encode	O
an	O
ovarian	B-DISO
tumor	I-DISO
(	O
OTU	O
)	O
domain	O
DUB	O
known	O
as	O
papain	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
like	I-PRGE
protease	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
(	O
PLP2	B-PRGE
).	O

In	O
patients	O
with	O
and	O
without	O
invasive	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
,	O
the	O
baseline	O
HBP	B-DISO
levels	O
were	O
152	O
ng	O
/	O
mL	O
(	O
72	O
-	O
237	O
ng	O
/	O
mL	O
)	O
and	O
83	O
ng	O
/	O
mL	O
(	O
58	O
-	O
108	O
ng	O
/	O
mL	O
)	O
(	O
p	O
0	O
.	O
088	O
),	O
respectively	O
.	O

The	O
increase	O
in	O
HBP	B-DISO
concentrations	O
seems	O
to	O
be	O
associated	O
with	O
more	O
pronounced	O
respiratory	B-DISO
dysfunction	I-DISO
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
After	O
delivery	O
,	O
lambs	B-SPEC
developed	O
severe	O
RDS	O
(	O
inspiratory	B-PROC
fraction	O
of	O
oxygen	B-CHED
:	O
1	O
;	O
pH	O
<	O
7	O
.	O
15	O
;	O
PaCO2	O
>	O
80	O
mm	O
Hg	O
;	O
PaO2	O
<	O
30	O
mm	O
Hg	O
,	O
mean	O
dynamic	O
compliance	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
08	O
ml	O
/	O
cm	O
H2O	B-CHED
/	O
kg	O
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Intra	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
abdominal	I-DISO
hypertension	I-DISO
and	O
acute	B-DISO
pancreatitis	I-DISO
.	O

Because	O
of	O
the	O
increased	O
rate	O
of	O
severe	O
perioperative	O
respiratory	B-DISO
complications	I-DISO
in	O
patients	O
with	O
OSA	B-DISO
,	O
the	O
American	O
Society	O
of	O
Anesthesiologists	O
issued	O
practice	O
guidelines	O
for	O
perioperative	O
management	O
.	O

Strategies	O
based	O
on	O
preoperative	O
and	O
immediate	O
postoperative	O
clinical	O
signs	B-DISO
and	I-DISO
symptoms	I-DISO
can	O
help	O
identify	O
patients	O
with	O
a	O
high	O
likelihood	O
of	O
OSA	B-DISO
,	O
postoperative	O
desaturations	O
,	O
and	O
pulmonary	O
complications	O
.	O

Evidence	O
is	O
emerging	O
that	O
early	O
identification	O
of	O
modifiable	O
risk	O
factors	O
and	O
implementation	O
of	O
'	O
protective	O
'	O
management	O
strategies	O
may	O
lead	O
to	O
reduction	O
of	O
severe	O
postoperative	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
complications	I-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
is	O
accompanied	O
by	O
severe	O
lung	B-DISO
inflammation	I-DISO
induced	O
by	O
various	O
diseases	O
.	O

Despite	O
the	O
severity	O
of	O
symptoms	O
,	O
therapeutic	O
strategies	O
for	O
this	O
pathologic	O
condition	B-DISO
are	O
still	O
poorly	O
developed	O
.	O

Interferon	B-PRGE
(	O
IFN	O
)-	O
α	O
is	O
well	O
known	O
as	O
an	O
antiviral	B-CHED
cytokine	O
and	O
low	O
-	O
dose	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
α	I-PRGE
has	O
been	O
reported	O
to	O
show	O
antiinflammatory	O
effects	O
.	O

These	O
mice	B-SPEC
were	O
then	O
treated	O
intranasally	O
with	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
α	I-PRGE
and	O
their	O
survival	O
,	O
lung	B-ANAT
weight	O
,	O
pathological	O
findings	O
,	O
and	O
cytokine	B-PROC
production	I-PROC
were	O
evaluated	O
.	O

Administration	O
of	O
low	O
-	O
dose	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
α	I-PRGE
prolonged	O
survival	O
of	O
fulminant	O
ARDS	B-DISO
mice	B-SPEC
,	O
but	O
higher	O
doses	O
of	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
α	I-PRGE
did	O
not	O
.	O

Furthermore	O
,	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
γ	I-PRGE
production	O
in	O
the	O
lungs	B-ANAT
was	O
significantly	O
reduced	O
in	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
α	I-PRGE
-	O
treated	O
mice	B-SPEC
,	O
compared	O
with	O
control	O
mice	B-SPEC
,	O
but	O
tumor	B-FUNC
necrosis	I-FUNC
factor	I-FUNC
(	O
TNF	O
)-	O
α	O
production	O
was	O
almost	O
equivalent	O
for	O
both	O
groups	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Critical	B-DISO
illness	I-DISO
polyneuropathy	I-DISO
(	O
CIP	O
)	O
and	O
critical	B-DISO
illness	I-DISO
myopathy	I-DISO
(	O
CIM	O
)	O
are	O
complications	O
causing	O
weakness	B-DISO
of	O
respiratory	O
and	O
limb	B-ANAT
muscles	B-ANAT
in	O
critically	B-DISO
ill	I-DISO
patients	O
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
This	O
case	O
expands	O
our	O
understanding	O
of	O
the	O
complications	O
of	O
PNL	B-ENZY
and	O
underscores	O
the	O
importance	O
of	O
differentiating	O
CIP	B-PRGE
/	O
CIM	B-PRGE
from	O
GBS	B-DISO
in	O
case	O
of	O
such	O
patients	O
developing	O
weakness	B-DISO
after	O
the	O
treatment	O
.	O

Between	O
December	O
2007	O
and	O
December	O
2009	O
,	O
206	O
fecal	B-ANAT
samples	O
were	O
collected	O
from	O
dogs	B-SPEC
with	O
diarrhea	B-DISO
from	O
kennels	O
,	O
pet	O
shops	O
and	O
veterinary	O
clinics	O
of	O
different	O
country	O
regions	O
.	O

Trends	O
in	O
respiratory	B-DISO
viral	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
according	O
to	O
sex	O
,	O
age	O
,	O
and	O
period	O
of	O
infection	B-DISO
were	O
also	O
analyzed	O
.	O

The	O
co	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
analysis	O
showed	O
17	O
.	O
1	O
%	O
of	O
double	O
infections	B-DISO
and	O
1	O
.	O
8	O
%	O
of	O
triple	O
infections	B-DISO
.	O

One	O
-	O
hundred	O
and	O
ninety	O
hips	B-ANAT
in	O
117	O
patients	O
with	O
more	O
than	O
7	O
years	O
of	O
follow	O
-	O
up	O
were	O
studied	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Virus	O
-	O
induced	O
rhabdomyolysis	B-DISO
rarely	O
induces	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
.	O

We	O
discuss	O
here	O
a	O
case	O
of	O
severe	O
rhabdomyolysis	B-DISO
with	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
secondary	O
to	O
a	O
cytomegalovirus	B-SPEC
(	O
CMV	B-SPEC
)	O
primary	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
.	O

The	O
mechanism	O
of	O
acute	O
viral	O
-	O
induced	O
rhabdomyolysis	B-DISO
remains	O
elusive	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
In	O
continuation	O
of	O
our	O
efforts	O
toward	O
identification	O
and	O
optimization	O
of	O
novel	O
non	O
-	O
nucleoside	O
reverse	B-CHED
transcriptase	I-CHED
inhibitors	I-CHED
(	O
NNRTIs	O
),	O
we	O
have	O
employed	O
a	O
structure	O
-	O
based	O
bioisosterism	O
strategy	O
,	O
with	O
which	O
a	O
new	O
series	O
of	O
diarylpyridazine	O
(	O
DAPD	O
)	O
derivatives	O
were	O
synthesized	O
and	O
evaluated	O
for	O
their	O
anti	O
-	O
HIV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
1	I-SPEC
(	O
human	B-SPEC
immunodeficiency	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
type	I-SPEC
1	I-SPEC
)	O
activity	O
.	O

Rhinovirus	B-SPEC
was	O
the	O
most	O
common	O
pathogen	O
among	O
those	O
who	O
died	B-PROC
,	O
although	O
it	O
did	O
not	O
have	O
the	O
highest	O
case	O
fatality	O
rate	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Viral	B-DISO
pneumonitis	I-DISO
is	O
increased	O
in	O
obese	B-DISO
patients	O
during	O
the	O
first	O
wave	O
of	O
pandemic	O
A	O
(	O
H1N1	O
)	O
2009	O
virus	O
.	O

Of	O
173	O
patients	O
,	O
100	O
(	O
57	O
.	O
8	O
%),	O
73	O
(	O
42	O
.	O
2	O
%)	O
and	O
23	O
(	O
13	O
.	O
3	O
%)	O
had	O
body	B-ANAT
mass	O
index	O
(	O
BMI	O
)	O
<	O
30	O
kg	O
/	O
m	O
(	O
2	O
),	O
≥	O
30	O
kg	O
/	O
m	O
(	O
2	O
)	O
(	O
obese	B-DISO
)	O
and	O
≥	O
40	O
kg	O
/	O
m	O
(	O
2	O
)	O
(	O
morbidly	O
obese	B-DISO
)	O
respectively	O
.	O

Among	O
patients	O
admitted	O
to	O
ICU	O
during	O
the	O
first	O
wave	O
of	O
A	O
(	O
H1N1	O
)	O
pdm09	O
,	O
obese	B-DISO
and	O
morbidly	O
obese	B-DISO
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
infection	B-DISO
were	O
more	O
likely	O
to	O
develop	O
pneumonitis	B-DISO
compared	O
to	O
non	O
-	O
obese	B-DISO
patients	O
,	O
but	O
mortality	O
rates	O
were	O
not	O
increased	O
.	O

More	O
than	O
one	O
-	O
half	O
of	O
patients	O
experience	O
severe	B-DISO
pain	I-DISO
,	O
and	O
about	O
two	O
-	O
thirds	O
have	O
autonomic	B-ANAT
symptoms	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
cardiac	B-DISO
arrhythmias	I-DISO
,	O
blood	B-PROC
pressure	I-PROC
instability	O
,	O
or	O
urinary	O
retention	B-PROC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
This	O
study	O
aimed	O
to	O
explore	O
the	O
perceptions	O
of	O
the	O
highly	O
specialized	O
nurses	O
who	O
provided	O
extracorporeal	O
membrane	O
oxygenation	B-PROC
therapy	O
for	O
the	O
mostly	O
young	O
and	O
critically	B-DISO
ill	I-DISO
patients	O
during	O
the	O
2009	O
H1N1	O
pandemic	O
.	O

Here	O
,	O
we	O
show	O
that	O
pseudostratified	O
HAE	O
cultures	O
derived	O
from	O
different	O
donors	O
are	O
highly	O
permissive	O
to	O
HCoV	O
-	O
EMC	B-COMP
infection	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
by	O
using	O
reverse	B-PROC
transcription	I-PROC
(	O
RT	O
)-	O
PCR	O
and	O
RNAseq	O
data	O
,	O
we	O
experimentally	O
determined	O
the	O
identity	O
of	O
seven	O
HCoV	O
-	O
EMC	O
subgenomic	O
mRNAs	O
.	O

Importantly	O
,	O
type	O
I	O
and	O
type	O
III	O
interferon	B-PRGE
treatment	O
can	O
efficiently	O
reduce	O
HCoV	O
-	O
EMC	B-COMP
replication	O
in	O
the	O
human	B-SPEC
airway	B-ANAT
epithelium	B-ANAT
,	O
providing	O
a	O
possible	O
avenue	O
for	O
treatment	O
of	O
emerging	O
virus	B-SPEC
infections	B-DISO
.	O

This	O
prospective	O
study	O
assessed	O
the	O
incidence	O
,	O
clinical	O
spectrum	O
,	O
prognostic	O
factors	O
and	O
outcome	O
of	O
AKI	O
in	O
P	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
vivax	I-SPEC
malaria	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
AKI	O
occurred	O
in	O
63	O
patients	O
(	O
32	O
%),	O
with	O
maximum	O
RIFLE	O
class	B-SPEC
R	O
(	O
Risk	O
),	O
class	B-SPEC
I	O
(	O
Injury	O
)	O
and	O
class	B-SPEC
F	O
(	O
Failure	O
)	O
in	O
27	O
(	O
43	O
%),	O
23	O
(	O
37	O
%)	O
and	O
13	O
(	O
21	O
%)	O
patients	O
,	O
respectively	O
.	O

Patient	O
characteristics	O
,	O
bronchoalveolar	O
lavage	O
(	O
BAL	B-ENZY
)	O
cellularity	O
,	O
rates	O
of	O
respiratory	B-DISO
tract	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
,	O
colonization	O
,	O
acute	O
rejection	O
,	O
and	O
lymphocytic	O
bronchiolitis	B-DISO
were	O
compared	O
between	O
BOS	B-DISO
,	O
RAS	B-PRGE
,	O
and	O
stable	O
patients	O
.	O

There	O
were	O
more	O
patients	O
with	O
infection	B-DISO
and	O
pseudomonal	O
colonizations	O
in	O
BOS	B-DISO
and	O
RAS	B-CHED
compared	O
with	O
control	O
(	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
0090	O
and	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
0034	O
,	O
respectively	O
).	O

BAL	B-ENZY
neutrophilia	O
in	O
BOS	B-DISO
and	O
RAS	B-CHED
were	O
elevated	O
at	O
days	O
360	O
,	O
540	O
,	O
and	O
720	O
versus	O
control	O
.	O

One	O
such	O
model	O
is	O
differentiated	B-PROC
normal	O
human	B-SPEC
bronchial	B-ANAT
epithelial	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
(	O
NHBE	O
).	O

Here	O
,	O
we	O
detail	O
the	O
establishment	O
of	O
a	O
polarized	O
,	O
liquid	O
-	O
covered	O
culture	O
(	O
LCC	B-DISO
)	O
of	O
Calu	O
-	O
3	O
cells	B-COMP
,	O
focusing	O
on	O
the	O
technical	O
details	O
of	O
growing	O
and	O
culturing	O
Calu	O
-	O
3	O
cells	B-COMP
,	O
maintaining	O
cells	B-COMP
that	O
have	O
been	O
cultured	O
into	O
LCC	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
we	O
present	O
the	O
method	O
for	O
performing	O
respiratory	B-DISO
virus	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
of	O
polarized	O
Calu	O
-	O
3	O
cells	B-COMP
.	O

To	O
consistently	O
obtain	O
polarized	O
Calu	O
-	O
3	O
LCC	B-DISO
,	O
Calu	O
-	O
3	O
cells	B-COMP
must	O
be	O
carefully	O
subcultured	O
before	O
culturing	O
in	O
Transwell	O
inserts	O
.	O

Nowadays	O
,	O
four	O
HCoVs	O
,	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
229E	I-SPEC
,	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
OC43	I-SPEC
,	O
HCoV	O
-	O
HKU1	O
,	O
and	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
NL63	I-SPEC
,	O
are	O
known	O
to	O
be	O
circulating	O
worldwide	O
,	O
causing	O
upper	O
and	O
lower	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
tract	I-DISO
infections	I-DISO
in	O
nonhospitalized	O
and	O
hospitalized	O
children	O
.	O

Studies	O
of	O
the	O
fundamental	O
aspects	O
of	O
these	O
HCoV	O
infections	B-DISO
at	O
the	O
primary	O
entry	O
port	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
cell	B-COMP
tropism	B-PROC
,	O
are	O
seriously	O
hampered	O
by	O
the	O
lack	O
of	O
a	O
universal	O
culture	O
system	O
or	O
suitable	O
animal	B-SPEC
models	O
.	O

After	O
infectious	B-DISO
challenge	O
by	O
TCoV	O
,	O
clinical	O
signs	O
and	O
TCoV	O
detected	O
by	O
immunofluorescence	O
antibody	B-FUNC
(	O
IFA	O
)	O
assay	O
were	O
observed	O
in	O
less	O
number	O
of	O
turkeys	B-SPEC
in	O
vaccination	O
groups	O
than	O
that	O
in	O
challenge	O
control	O
groups	O
.	O

Comparing	O
to	O
the	O
turkeys	B-SPEC
in	O
G1	O
-	O
750DP	O
,	O
significantly	O
less	O
TCoV	O
were	O
detected	O
by	O
IFA	O
in	O
the	O
turkeys	B-SPEC
in	O
G2	O
-	O
100DPH	O
receiving	O
an	O
extra	O
dose	O
of	O
100μg	O
DNA	O
mixed	O
with	O
PEI	B-CHED
and	O
HA	O
.	O

Because	O
high	O
-	O
frequency	O
oscillatory	O
ventilation	O
(	O
HFOV	O
)	O
had	O
been	O
used	O
successfully	O
with	O
pediatric	O
patients	O
who	O
had	O
no	O
congenital	B-DISO
heart	I-DISO
defects	I-DISO
,	O
this	O
therapy	O
was	O
used	O
in	O
our	O
unit	O
.	O

This	O
report	O
aims	O
to	O
describe	O
a	O
single	O
-	O
center	O
experience	O
with	O
HFOV	O
in	O
the	O
management	O
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
after	O
open	O
heart	B-ANAT
surgery	O
with	O
respect	O
to	O
mortality	O
.	O

The	O
complications	O
during	O
HFOV	O
included	O
pneumothorax	B-DISO
for	O
22	O
patients	O
.	O

In	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
the	O
role	O
of	O
natural	O
killer	O
(	O
NK	O
)	O
cells	B-COMP
and	O
regulatory	B-ANAT
T	I-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
(	O
Tregs	O
),	O
central	O
players	O
in	O
the	O
innate	O
and	O
adaptive	O
CMI	O
respectively	O
,	O
was	O
examined	O
during	O
natural	O
FIPV	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
New	O
cluster	O
1	O
prevalent	O
during	O
2009	O
and	O
2010	O
was	O
not	O
found	O
in	O
2011	O
but	O
QX	O
-	O
like	O
viruses	B-SPEC
became	O
prevalent	O
in	O
2011	O
.	O

The	O
recombination	B-PROC
analysis	O
revealed	O
two	O
new	O
S	B-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
recombinants	O
,	O
11036	O
and	O
11052	O
which	O
might	O
have	O
been	O
derived	O
from	O
recombinations	B-PROC
between	O
the	O
New	O
cluster	O
1	O
and	O
QX	O
-	O
like	O
viruses	B-SPEC
and	O
between	O
the	O
K	O
-	O
I	O
and	O
H120	O
(	O
vaccine	O
)	O
viruses	B-SPEC
,	O
respectively	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Environmental	O
stresses	O
can	O
alter	O
immunoreactivity	O
of	O
biomarkers	O
in	O
stored	O
tissue	B-ANAT
sections	O
.	O

Immunoreactivity	B-PROC
was	O
compared	O
with	O
that	O
in	O
the	O
corresponding	O
1	O
-	O
day	O
-	O
old	O
section	O
and	O
scored	O
as	O
4	O
(<	O
10	O
%	O
reduction	O
),	O
3	O
(	O
10	O
%-	O
25	O
%	O
reduction	O
),	O
2	O
(	O
26	O
%-	O
60	O
%	O
reduction	O
),	O
1	O
(>	O
60	O
%	O
reduction	O
),	O
or	O
0	O
(	O
no	O
reactivity	O
).	O

Consequently	O
,	O
corresponding	O
SARs	B-DISO
were	O
increasingly	O
obvious	O
.	O

A	O
chest	B-ANAT
tube	O
was	O
inserted	O
and	O
we	O
observed	O
immediate	O
improvement	O
in	O
oxygen	B-CHED
saturation	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
A	O
novel	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
capable	O
of	O
lethal	O
human	B-SPEC
infections	B-DISO
:	O
an	O
emerging	O
picture	O
.	O

Sequence	O
analysis	O
of	O
the	O
new	O
virus	B-SPEC
revealed	O
that	O
it	O
was	O
indeed	O
a	O
member	O
of	O
the	O
same	O
genus	B-SPEC
as	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
.	O
By	O
mid	O
-	O
February	O
2013	O
,	O
12	O
laboratory	O
-	O
confirmed	O
cases	O
had	O
been	O
reported	O
with	O
6	O
fatalities	O
.	O

Multiple	O
mucosal	B-ANAT
surfaces	O
were	O
also	O
affected	O
.	O

A	O
chest	B-ANAT
computed	O
tomography	O
revealed	O
bilateral	O
nonsegmental	O
ground	O
-	O
glass	O
opacities	O
.	O

Exposure	O
to	O
mixtures	O
of	O
ethenone	B-CHED
and	O
crotonaldehyde	B-CHED
can	O
cause	O
severe	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
injury	O
leading	O
to	O
delayed	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
MHV	B-SPEC
PS	O
is	O
an	O
RNA	O
structure	O
that	O
maps	O
to	O
the	O
region	O
of	O
the	O
replicase	B-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
encoding	O
the	O
nonstructural	O
protein	B-CHED
15	O
subunit	O
of	O
the	O
viral	B-PRGE
replicase	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
transcriptase	I-PRGE
complex	O
.	O

Surprisingly	O
,	O
the	O
PS	O
was	O
not	O
essential	O
for	O
MHV	O
viability	O
,	O
nor	O
did	O
its	O
elimination	B-PROC
have	O
a	O
severe	O
effect	O
on	O
viral	O
growth	B-PROC
.	O

However	O
,	O
the	O
PS	O
was	O
found	O
to	O
provide	O
a	O
distinct	O
selective	O
advantage	O
to	O
MHV	B-SPEC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Infections	B-DISO
with	O
human	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
EMC	B-COMP
(	O
HCoV	O
-	O
EMC	B-COMP
)	O
are	O
associated	O
with	O
severe	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
.	O

However	O
,	O
HCoV	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
EMC	I-PRGE
was	O
markedly	O
more	O
sensitive	O
to	O
the	O
antiviral	B-CHED
state	O
established	O
by	O
ectopic	O
IFN	B-PRGE
.	O

Uncontrolled	O
studies	O
in	O
adults	O
have	O
shown	O
improvements	O
in	O
gas	B-ENZY
exchange	O
and	O
lung	B-PROC
compliance	I-PROC
with	O
partial	O
liquid	O
ventilation	O
.	O

To	O
assess	O
whether	O
partial	O
liquid	O
ventilation	O
reduces	O
mortality	O
or	O
morbidity	O
,	O
or	O
both	O
,	O
in	O
children	O
with	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
or	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
distress	O
syndrome	O
.	O

We	O
included	O
randomized	O
controlled	O
trials	O
(	O
RCTs	O
)	O
which	O
compared	O
partial	O
liquid	O
ventilation	O
with	O
other	O
forms	O
of	O
ventilation	O
in	O
children	O
(	O
aged	O
28	O
days	O
to	O
18	O
years	O
)	O
with	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
or	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Autoprocessing	O
mechanism	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
3C	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
like	I-PRGE
protease	I-PRGE
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
3CLpro	I-PRGE
)	O
from	O
its	O
polyproteins	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Identification	O
of	O
a	O
14	O
kDa	O
endocan	O
fragment	O
generated	O
by	O
cathepsin	B-PRGE
G	I-PRGE
,	O
a	O
novel	O
circulating	O
biomarker	B-CHED
in	O
patients	O
with	O
sepsis	B-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Severe	O
septic	B-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
,	O
which	O
is	O
the	O
most	O
prevalent	O
and	O
lethal	O
cause	O
of	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
,	O
remains	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
most	O
frequent	O
causes	O
of	O
admission	O
and	O
death	B-PROC
in	O
intensive	O
care	O
units	O
(	O
ICU	O
).	O

Endocan	O
,	O
specifically	O
secreted	B-PROC
by	O
activated	O
-	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
vascular	B-ANAT
endothelial	I-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
,	O
is	O
thought	O
to	O
play	O
a	O
key	O
role	O
in	O
the	O
control	O
of	O
the	O
lung	B-ANAT
inflammatory	B-DISO
reaction	I-DISO
.	O

We	O
demonstrate	O
that	O
cathepsin	B-PRGE
G	I-PRGE
(	O
CG	O
),	O
neutrophil	B-PRGE
elastase	I-PRGE
(	O
NE	O
),	O
and	O
to	O
a	O
lesser	O
extent	O
proteinase	B-PRGE
3	I-PRGE
(	O
PR3	B-PRGE
),	O
degrade	O
endocan	O
.	O

An	O
immunoassay	O
specific	O
for	O
p14	B-PRGE
endocan	I-PRGE
fragment	I-PRGE
was	O
then	O
developed	O
,	O
and	O
revealed	O
increased	O
plasma	B-ANAT
levels	O
of	O
p14	B-PRGE
in	O
20	O
out	O
of	O
55	O
severe	O
septic	O
patients	O
,	O
ranging	O
from	O
0	O
.	O
52	O
to	O
10	O
.	O
40	O
ng	O
/	O
mL	O
versus	O
undetectable	O
p14	B-PRGE
in	O
plasma	B-ANAT
from	O
32	O
control	O
subjects	O
(	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
0011	O
).	O

Taken	O
together	O
,	O
the	O
p14	B-PRGE
endocan	O
fragment	O
represents	O
a	O
novel	O
interesting	O
biomarker	B-CHED
which	O
could	O
participate	O
to	O
the	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
of	O
sepsis	B-DISO
.	O

We	O
conducted	O
a	O
comprehensive	O
9	O
-	O
year	O
study	O
on	O
HCoVs	O
by	O
analyzing	O
1137	O
respiratory	B-ANAT
samples	I-ANAT
from	O
four	O
subsets	O
of	O
patients	O
(	O
asymptomatic	O
,	O
general	O
community	O
,	O
with	O
comorbidities	O
,	O
and	O
hospitalized	O
)	O
in	O
São	O
Paulo	O
,	O
Brazil	O
.	O

The	O
most	O
frequently	O
detected	O
HCoV	O
species	B-SPEC
were	O
NL63	O
(	O
50	O
.	O
0	O
%)	O
and	O
OC43	O
(	O
27	O
.	O
3	O
%).	O

There	O
were	O
interseasonal	O
differences	O
in	O
the	O
detection	O
frequencies	O
,	O
with	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
229E	I-SPEC
being	O
predominant	O
in	O
the	O
year	O
2004	O
(	O
61	O
.	O
5	O
%)	O
and	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
NL63	I-SPEC
(	O
70	O
.	O
8	O
%)	O
in	O
2008	O
.	O

Genetic	O
analysis	O
showed	O
that	O
each	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
group	O
had	O
several	O
unique	O
characteristics	O
,	O
which	O
indicated	O
that	O
a	O
specific	O
group	O
PEDVs	O
may	O
be	O
differentiated	B-PROC
from	O
another	O
group	O
PEDVs	O
.	O

Finally	O
,	O
occupational	B-DISO
lung	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
,	O
particularly	O
hypersensitivity	B-DISO
pneumonitis	I-DISO
,	O
silicosis	B-DISO
,	O
hard	O
metal	B-CHED
lung	B-ANAT
,	O
and	O
chronic	B-DISO
berylliosis	I-DISO
are	O
associated	O
with	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
granuloma	B-PROC
formation	I-PROC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Streptococcus	B-SPEC
agalactiae	I-SPEC
infection	I-DISO
in	O
domestic	B-SPEC
rabbits	I-SPEC
,	O
Oryctolagus	B-SPEC
cuniculus	I-SPEC
.	O

A	O
Gram	O
-	O
positive	O
,	O
chain	O
-	O
forming	O
coccus	B-SPEC
was	O
isolated	O
from	O
the	O
primary	O
organs	B-ANAT
and	O
tissues	B-ANAT
of	O
diseased	O
rabbits	B-SPEC
and	O
then	O
identified	O
as	O
S	O
.	O
agalactiae	O
by	O
morphology	O
,	O
biochemical	O
and	O
physiological	O
characteristics	O
,	O
16S	B-CHED
rDNA	O
and	O
gyrB	B-PRGE
gene	O
sequences	O
analysis	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
novel	O
human	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
EMC	B-COMP
(	O
hCoV	O
-	O
EMC	B-COMP
),	O
which	O
recently	O
emerged	O
in	O
Saudi	O
Arabia	O
,	O
is	O
highly	O
pathogenic	O
and	O
could	O
pose	O
a	O
significant	O
threat	O
to	O
public	O
health	O
.	O

Here	O
we	O
investigated	O
the	O
viral	O
and	O
cellular	B-COMP
determinants	O
governing	O
hCoV	O
-	O
EMC	B-COMP
entry	B-PROC
into	I-PROC
host	I-PROC
cells	B-COMP
.	O

Collectively	O
,	O
our	O
results	O
indicate	O
that	O
hCoV	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
EMC	I-PRGE
uses	O
a	O
novel	O
receptor	O
for	O
protease	O
-	O
activated	O
entry	O
into	O
human	B-SPEC
cells	B-COMP
and	O
might	O
be	O
capable	O
of	O
extrapulmonary	O
spread	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Enteric	O
viruses	B-SPEC
in	O
Brazilian	O
turkey	B-SPEC
flocks	O
:	O
single	O
and	O
multiple	O
virus	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
frequency	O
according	O
to	O
age	O
and	O
clinical	O
signs	O
of	O
intestinal	O
disease	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Poult	O
enteritis	B-DISO
complex	O
has	O
been	O
associated	O
with	O
enteritis	B-DISO
and	O
reduction	O
in	O
growth	B-PROC
rates	O
in	O
commercial	O
turkeys	B-SPEC
worldwide	O
.	O

An	O
average	O
of	O
3	O
.	O
20	O
viruses	B-SPEC
per	O
sample	O
was	O
detected	O
in	O
turkeys	B-SPEC
in	O
the	O
growing	O
phase	O
of	O
the	O
production	O
cycle	O
(	O
1	O
to	O
4	O
wk	O
of	O
age	O
).	O

Breeder	O
hens	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
88	O
)	O
were	O
randomly	O
allotted	O
to	O
the	O
control	O
or	O
HYPER	O
groups	O
and	O
received	O
common	O
or	O
thyroxine	B-CHED
(	O
T4	O
)-	O
added	O
(	O
1	O
mg	O
/	O
L	O
)	O
water	B-CHED
,	O
respectively	O
.	O

Prevaccination	O
antibody	B-COMP
titers	O
to	O
Newcastle	O
disease	B-DISO
,	I-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
infectious	B-DISO
bursal	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
virus	I-SPEC
were	O
higher	O
in	O
HYPER	O
chicks	O
during	O
1	O
wk	O
of	O
age	O
,	O
although	O
not	O
different	O
in	O
their	O
dams	O
.	O

The	O
present	O
study	O
suggests	O
the	O
likely	O
occurrence	O
of	O
T	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
gondii	I-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
in	O
bats	B-SPEC
in	O
China	O
,	O
and	O
these	O
bats	B-SPEC
are	O
new	O
putative	O
hosts	B-COMP
for	O
T	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
gondii	I-SPEC
,	O
which	O
may	O
pose	O
a	O
threat	O
to	O
human	B-SPEC
health	O
.	O

Early	O
OI	O
(	O
within	O
3	O
days	O
)	O
and	O
SOFA	O
score	O
were	O
predictors	O
of	O
mortality	O
in	O
severe	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
.	O

Leptospirosis	B-DISO
-	O
induced	O
AKI	O
is	O
typically	O
nonoliguric	O
with	O
a	O
high	O
frequency	O
of	O
hypokalemia	O
.	O

Antibiotic	B-CHED
treatment	O
is	O
efficient	O
in	O
the	O
early	O
and	O
late	O
/	O
severe	O
phases	O
and	O
revert	O
all	O
kidney	B-ANAT
transporters	O
.	O

In	O
the	O
Southern	O
Regions	O
the	O
percentage	O
of	O
antibody	B-COMP
-	O
positive	O
herds	O
remained	O
persistently	O
high	O
(	O
75	O
-	O
100	O
%),	O
whereas	O
in	O
herds	O
based	O
in	O
the	O
Northern	O
Region	O
,	O
the	O
percentage	O
of	O
positive	O
herds	O
for	O
BCV	B-SPEC
and	O
BRSV	B-SPEC
was	O
38	O
-	O
80	O
%	O
and	O
0	O
-	O
80	O
%,	O
respectively	O
,	O
with	O
antibody	B-COMP
levels	O
to	O
BRSV	B-SPEC
decreasing	O
over	O
time	O
.	O

Pooled	O
milk	O
samples	O
of	O
'	O
home	O
-	O
bred	O
'	O
primiparous	O
animals	B-SPEC
were	O
found	O
to	O
be	O
most	O
useful	O
in	O
terms	O
of	O
monitoring	O
herd	O
status	O
but	O
could	O
gradually	O
be	O
replaced	O
by	O
bulk	O
-	O
tank	O
sampling	O
once	O
freedom	O
from	O
infection	O
was	O
established	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
A	O
27	O
-	O
year	O
-	O
old	O
man	B-CHED
presented	O
with	O
acute	B-DISO
dyspnea	I-DISO
and	O
a	O
previous	O
respiratory	B-DISO
tract	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
with	O
progressive	O
dyspnoea	B-DISO
and	O
chest	B-DISO
pain	I-DISO
over	O
2	O
weeks	O
.	O

A	O
myocardial	O
biopsy	O
was	O
taken	O
to	O
exclude	O
giant	B-DISO
cell	I-DISO
myocarditis	I-DISO
.	O

A	O
drug	O
-	O
only	O
circulatory	B-PROC
support	O
very	O
often	O
does	O
not	O
enable	O
stabilization	O
of	O
a	O
patient	O
in	O
progressive	O
cardiogenic	O
shock	O
and	O
cannot	O
prevent	O
multiorgan	O
dysfunction	O
.	O

Therefore	O
implantation	B-PROC
of	O
an	O
assist	O
device	O
facilitates	O
a	O
""""	O
bridging	O
-	O
to	O
-	O
recovery	O
""""	O
or	O
a	O
""""	O
bridging	O
-	O
to	O
transplant	B-ANAT
""""	O
concept	O
in	O
critically	B-DISO
ill	I-DISO
patients	O
presenting	O
with	O
cardiogenic	B-DISO
shock	I-DISO
.	O

In	O
case	O
of	O
recovery	O
continuous	O
care	O
in	O
a	O
specialized	O
Heart	B-DISO
Failure	I-DISO
Clinic	O
can	O
help	O
to	O
maintain	O
the	O
clinical	O
status	O
and	O
offer	O
frequent	O
reevaluation	O
of	O
cardiac	B-ANAT
status	O
and	O
therapeutic	O
concepts	O
.	O

Reconstitution	O
of	O
the	O
peptides	B-CHED
as	O
TMD1	O
+	O
TMD3	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
TMD2	O
+	O
TMD3	O
in	O
a	O
1	O
:	O
1	O
mixture	B-CHED
induces	O
membrane	B-PROC
activity	I-PROC
for	O
both	O
mixtures	O
.	O

Expression	B-PROC
of	O
full	O
length	O
3a	O
and	O
reconstitution	O
into	O
artificial	O
lipid	B-ANAT
bilayers	I-ANAT
reveal	O
a	O
weak	O
cation	B-CHED
selective	O
(	O
PK	B-PRGE
≈	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
PCl	I-PRGE
)	O
rectifying	O
channel	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Acute	B-DISO
eosinophilic	I-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
is	O
a	O
severe	O
and	O
rapidly	O
progressive	O
lung	O
disease	O
that	O
can	O
cause	O
fatal	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
We	O
report	O
a	O
case	O
of	O
severe	O
Cushing	B-DISO
'	I-DISO
s	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
developing	O
into	O
life	O
-	O
threatening	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
with	O
cryptococcus	B-SPEC
and	O
cytomegalovirus	B-SPEC
co	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
soon	O
after	O
hypercortisolism	B-DISO
treatment	O
using	O
metyrapone	B-CHED
,	O
an	O
11	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
beta	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
hydroxylase	I-PRGE
inhibitor	B-CHED
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Dipeptidyl	B-PRGE
peptidase	I-PRGE
4	I-PRGE
is	O
a	O
functional	O
receptor	O
for	O
the	O
emerging	O
human	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
-	O
EMC	B-COMP
.	O

Genetic	O
sequence	O
analyses	O
have	O
shown	O
that	O
this	O
new	O
virus	B-SPEC
is	O
different	O
from	O
any	O
other	O
known	O
human	B-SPEC
coronaviruses	O
,	O
including	O
the	O
one	O
that	O
caused	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Imaging	O
of	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

Accurate	O
diagnosis	O
and	O
differentiation	B-PROC
from	O
other	O
treatable	O
conditions	O
is	O
crucial	O
.	O

This	O
publication	O
addresses	O
the	O
clinical	O
and	O
radiological	O
features	O
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
,	O
a	O
review	O
of	O
the	O
imaging	O
technology	O
with	O
illustrations	O
and	O
differential	O
diagnosis	O
.	O

Five	O
patients	O
died	B-PROC
.	O

The	O
relationship	O
between	O
ethnicity	O
and	O
immunity	B-PROC
to	O
severe	O
disease	O
is	O
complex	O
.	O

Multivariate	O
analysis	O
showed	O
that	O
HFOV	O
was	O
more	O
effective	O
in	O
younger	O
patients	O
,	O
when	O
instituted	O
early	O
,	O
and	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
milder	O
respiratory	B-DISO
acidosis	I-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Crystal	B-ANAT
structure	O
-	O
based	O
exploration	O
of	O
the	O
important	O
role	O
of	O
Arg106	O
in	O
the	O
RNA	O
-	O
binding	B-FUNC
domain	O
of	O
human	O
coronavirus	O
OC43	O
nucleocapsid	B-COMP
protein	B-CHED
.	O

We	O
have	O
solved	O
the	O
crystal	B-ANAT
structure	O
of	O
the	O
N	O
-	O
terminal	O
domain	O
of	O
HCoV	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
OC43	I-PRGE
N	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
(	O
N	O
-	O
NTD	O
)	O
(	O
residues	O
58	O
to	O
195	O
)	O
to	O
a	O
resolution	O
of	O
2	O
.	O
0Å	O
.	O

The	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
OC43	I-SPEC
N	O
-	O
NTD	O
is	O
a	O
single	O
domain	O
protein	B-CHED
composed	O
of	O
a	O
five	O
-	O
stranded	O
β	O
-	O
sheet	O
core	O
and	O
a	O
long	O
extended	O
loop	O
,	O
similar	O
to	O
that	O
observed	O
in	O
the	O
structures	O
of	O
N	O
-	O
NTDs	O
from	O
other	O
coronaviruses	O
.	O

The	O
results	O
show	O
that	O
R106	O
plays	O
an	O
important	O
role	O
in	O
the	O
interaction	O
between	O
the	O
N	O
protein	B-CHED
and	O
RNA	O
.	O

The	O
results	O
also	O
indicate	O
that	O
the	O
strength	O
of	O
N	O
protein	B-CHED
/	O
RNA	O
interactions	O
is	O
critical	O
for	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
OC43	I-SPEC
replication	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
A	O
survey	O
was	O
carried	O
out	O
in	O
search	O
for	O
bat	B-ENZY
coronaviruses	O
in	O
an	O
urban	O
maternity	O
roost	O
of	O
about	O
500	O
specimens	O
of	O
two	O
species	B-SPEC
of	O
insectivorous	O
bats	B-SPEC
,	O
Molossus	B-SPEC
molossus	I-SPEC
and	O
Tadarida	B-SPEC
brasiliensis	I-SPEC
,	O
in	O
Southern	O
Brazil	O
.	O

CVVH	O
was	O
employed	O
when	O
the	O
values	O
of	O
creatine	B-CHED
phosphokinase	O
(	O
CPK	B-PRGE
),	O
myoglobin	B-PRGE
(	O
Mb	O
),	O
and	O
lactate	B-PRGE
dehydrogenase	I-PRGE
(	O
LDH	B-PRGE
)	O
increased	O
significantly	O
.	O

After	O
emergency	B-DISO
treatment	O
and	O
CVVH	O
therapy	O
,	O
the	O
values	O
of	O
CPK	B-PRGE
,	O
Mb	O
,	O
and	O
LDH	B-PRGE
in	O
the	O
blood	B-ANAT
plasma	I-ANAT
of	O
the	O
patients	O
decreased	O
significantly	O
.	O

This	O
study	O
highlights	O
the	O
significant	O
burden	O
of	O
P	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
falciparum	I-SPEC
complicated	B-DISO
malaria	I-DISO
with	O
isolated	O
complication	B-DISO
like	O
ARDS	B-DISO
with	O
high	O
mortality	O
rate	O
of	O
50	O
%	O
in	O
present	O
population	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Outcomes	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
sepsis	I-DISO
and	O
septic	B-DISO
shock	I-DISO
patients	O
on	O
chronic	O
antiplatelet	O
treatment	O
:	O
a	O
historical	O
cohort	O
study	O
.	O

Incidence	O
of	O
acute	O
kidney	B-ANAT
injury	O
was	O
similar	O
between	O
both	O
groups	O
(	O
odds	O
ratio	O
1	O
.	O
08	O
,	O
95	O
%	O
confidence	O
interval	O
0	O
.	O
73	O
-	O
1	O
.	O
59	O
).	O

Antiplatelet	O
therapy	O
was	O
associated	O
with	O
a	O
decreased	O
incidence	O
of	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
/	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Initial	O
ventilator	O
settings	O
for	O
critically	B-DISO
ill	I-DISO
patients	O
.	O

Patients	O
with	O
a	O
stiff	O
chest	B-ANAT
wall	I-ANAT
may	O
tolerate	O
higher	O
plateau	O
pressure	O
targets	O
(	O
approximately	O
35	O
cmH2O	O
)	O
while	O
those	O
with	O
severe	O
ARDS	B-DISO
and	O
ventilator	O
asynchrony	O
may	O
require	O
a	O
short	O
-	O
term	O
neuromuscular	B-DISO
blockade	I-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Do	O
parameters	O
used	O
to	O
clear	O
noncritically	O
injured	O
polytrauma	O
patients	O
for	O
extremity	B-ANAT
surgery	O
predict	O
complications	O
?	O

(	O
1	O
)	O
Patients	O
with	O
complications	O
had	O
a	O
decreased	O
initial	O
Glasgow	O
Coma	B-DISO
Scale	O
and	O
tended	O
to	O
have	O
a	O
lower	O
ISS	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Case	O
report	O
of	O
the	O
first	O
world	O
death	B-PROC
due	O
to	O
a	O
new	O
strain	O
of	O
human	B-PRGE
influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
H1N1	I-PRGE
virus	B-SPEC
and	O
behavior	O
of	O
human	O
influenzae	O
in	O
pregnant	O
women	O
].	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Tumor	B-PRGE
necrosis	I-PRGE
factor	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
α	I-PRGE
and	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
6	I-FUNC
levels	O
on	O
the	O
fourth	O
and	O
seventh	O
days	O
,	O
and	O
Acute	O
Physiology	O
and	O
Chronic	O
Health	O
Evaluation	O
II	O
scores	O
on	O
the	O
seventh	O
day	O
after	O
treatment	O
showed	O
significant	O
decrease	O
in	O
the	O
somatostatin	B-PRGE
,	O
somatostatin	B-PRGE
+	I-PRGE
ulinastatin	I-PRGE
,	O
somatostatin	B-PRGE
+	I-PRGE
S	I-PRGE
miltiorrhiza	I-PRGE
and	O
somatostatin	B-PRGE
+	O
ulinastatin	B-PRGE
+	I-PRGE
S	I-PRGE
miltiorrhiza	O
subgroups	O
compared	O
with	O
the	O
basic	O
treatment	O
subgroup	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Impact	O
of	O
extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenation	B-PROC
support	O
on	O
clinical	O
outcome	O
of	O
pediatric	O
patients	O
with	O
acute	O
cardiopulmonary	O
failure	O
:	O
a	O
single	O
-	O
center	O
experience	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Conventional	O
therapy	O
against	O
acute	O
pediatric	O
cardiopulmonary	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
(	O
APCPF	O
)	O
caused	O
by	O
a	O
variety	O
of	O
disease	O
entities	O
remains	O
unsatisfactory	O
with	O
extremely	O
high	O
morbidity	O
and	O
mortality	O
.	O

Between	O
August	O
2006	O
and	O
May	O
2011	O
,	O
a	O
single	O
-	O
center	O
cohort	O
study	O
was	O
performed	O
in	O
pediatric	O
patients	O
who	O
required	O
ECMO	O
support	O
due	O
to	O
cardiogenic	B-DISO
shock	I-DISO
or	O
severe	O
hypoxemia	O
.	O

The	O
indications	O
included	O
acute	O
fulminant	O
myocarditis	B-DISO
(	O
AFM	O
)	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
6	O
),	O
congenital	B-DISO
diaphragmatic	I-DISO
hernia	I-DISO
(	O
CDH	B-DISO
)	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
3	O
),	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
6	O
),	O
enterovirus	B-SPEC
71	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
3	O
),	O
viral	B-DISO
sepsis	I-DISO
(	O
n	O
=	O
2	O
),	O
refractory	O
ventricular	B-DISO
fibrillation	I-DISO
due	O
to	O
long	B-DISO
QT	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
n	O
=	O
1	O
),	O
and	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
edema	I-DISO
with	O
brain	B-DISO
herniation	I-DISO
(	O
n	O
=	O
1	O
).	O

Successful	O
ECMO	O
weaning	B-PROC
with	O
uneventful	O
discharge	B-ANAT
from	O
hospital	O
was	O
noted	O
in	O
14	O
(	O
63	O
.	O
6	O
%)	O
patients	O
,	O
whereas	O
in	O
-	O
hospital	O
mortality	O
despite	O
successful	O
ECMO	O
weaning	B-PROC
occurred	O
in	O
5	O
patients	O
(	O
22	O
.	O
7	O
%).	O

Failure	O
in	O
ECMO	O
weaning	B-PROC
and	O
in	O
-	O
hospital	O
death	B-PROC
was	O
noted	O
in	O
3	O
patients	O
(	O
13	O
.	O
6	O
%).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Phylogenetic	O
analysis	O
of	O
feline	B-SPEC
coronavirus	B-SPEC
strains	O
in	O
an	O
epizootic	O
outbreak	O
of	O
feline	B-SPEC
infectious	I-DISO
peritonitis	I-DISO
.	O

This	O
prospective	O
outbreak	O
investigation	O
was	O
initiated	O
during	O
an	O
outbreak	O
of	O
FIP	B-DISO
in	O
cats	B-SPEC
within	O
or	O
rehomed	O
from	O
a	O
rescue	O
/	O
rehoming	O
center	O
.	O

Phylogenetic	O
analysis	O
showed	O
that	O
the	O
FIP	B-DISO
-	O
associated	O
strains	O
of	O
FCoV	O
from	O
the	O
outbreak	O
were	O
very	O
closely	O
related	O
to	O
the	O
fecally	O
derived	O
strains	O
of	O
FCoV	O
from	O
contemporary	O
-	O
asymptomatic	O
cats	B-SPEC
.	O

Contact	O
tracing	O
identified	O
two	O
secondary	O
cases	O
among	O
family	B-SPEC
members	O
without	O
recent	O
travel	O
:	O
one	O
developed	O
severe	O
respiratory	O
illness	O
and	O
died	B-PROC
,	O
the	O
other	O
an	O
influenza	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
like	I-DISO
illness	I-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
The	O
fibroproliferative	O
response	O
in	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
:	O
mechanisms	O
and	O
clinical	O
significance	O
.	O

The	O
aim	O
of	O
this	O
study	O
was	O
to	O
develop	O
a	O
nested	O
polymerase	O
chain	O
reaction	O
(	O
nested	O
PCR	O
)	O
for	O
the	O
rapid	O
detection	O
of	O
transmissible	O
gastroenteritis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
)	O
of	O
pigs	B-SPEC
.	O

External	O
primers	O
were	O
used	O
to	O
amplify	O
a	O
fragment	O
of	O
the	O
expected	O
size	O
(	O
441	O
bp	O
)	O
in	O
all	O
the	O
samples	O
evaluated	O
using	O
reverse	B-ENZY
transcriptase	I-ENZY
polymerase	O
chain	O
reaction	O
(	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
),	O
but	O
with	O
very	O
low	O
intensity	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
sudden	B-DISO
death	B-PROC
of	O
three	O
calves	O
,	O
one	O
diarrheic	O
calf	B-ANAT
,	O
and	O
one	O
aborted	B-ANAT
fetus	I-ANAT
from	O
four	O
farms	O
in	O
southern	O
Brazil	O
was	O
investigated	O
.	O

H	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
somni	I-SPEC
DNA	O
was	O
amplified	O
in	O
tissues	B-ANAT
from	O
all	O
calves	O
and	O
the	O
brain	B-ANAT
of	O
the	O
aborted	B-ANAT
fetus	I-ANAT
with	O
pathological	O
alterations	O
consistent	O
with	O
histophilosis	O
.	O

The	O
results	O
showed	O
that	O
the	O
recombinant	O
DNA	O
plasmids	O
increased	O
the	O
proliferation	B-DISO
of	O
T	B-ANAT
lymphocytes	I-ANAT
and	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
CD4	B-PRGE
+	I-PRGE
and	O
CD8	B-ANAT
+	I-ANAT
T	I-ANAT
lymphocyte	I-ANAT
subgroups	O
.	O

The	O
most	O
potent	O
derivative	O
of	O
this	O
series	O
inhibits	O
TMPRSS2	O
with	O
a	O
K	O
(	O
i	O
)	O
value	O
of	O
0	O
.	O
9	O
nM	O
and	O
showed	O
an	O
efficient	O
blockage	O
of	O
influenza	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
propagation	O
in	O
human	B-SPEC
airway	B-ANAT
epithelial	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
.	O

Younger	O
patients	O
had	O
accidentally	O
swallowed	O
paraquat	B-CHED
,	O
whereas	O
older	O
patients	O
had	O
intentionally	O
ingested	O
paraquat	B-CHED
.	O

Secondary	O
bacterial	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
were	O
common	O
after	O
hospitalization	O
and	O
included	O
sepsis	B-DISO
(	O
33	O
.	O
3	O
%),	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
(	O
33	O
.	O
3	O
%),	O
and	O
urinary	B-DISO
tract	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
(	O
50	O
.	O
0	O
%).	O

Our	O
data	O
(	O
mortality	O
rate	O
,	O
33	O
.	O
3	O
%)	O
are	O
comparable	O
to	O
the	O
data	O
of	O
other	O
published	O
reports	O
from	O
other	O
international	O
poison	B-CHED
centers	O
.	O

In	O
the	O
end	O
,	O
2	O
patients	O
(	O
33	O
.	O
3	O
%)	O
died	B-PROC
from	O
multiple	O
-	O
organ	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
,	O
despite	O
intensive	O
resuscitation	O
.	O

Hypercapnia	B-DISO
and	O
hypercapnic	B-DISO
acidosis	I-DISO
is	O
often	O
noted	O
with	O
lung	B-ANAT
protective	O
ventilation	O
.	O

Some	O
clinicians	O
argue	O
that	O
hypercapnia	B-DISO
and	O
hypercapnic	B-DISO
acidosis	I-DISO
protect	O
the	O
lungs	B-ANAT
and	O
may	O
be	O
associated	O
with	O
improved	O
outcomes	O
.	O

A	O
recent	O
cell	B-ANAT
line	I-ANAT
susceptibility	O
study	O
showed	O
that	O
HCoV	O
-	O
EMC	B-COMP
can	O
infect	O
primate	B-SPEC
,	O
porcine	B-SPEC
,	O
and	O
bat	B-ENZY
cells	B-COMP
and	O
therefore	O
may	O
jump	O
interspecies	O
barriers	O
.	O

We	O
found	O
that	O
HCoV	O
-	O
EMC	B-COMP
can	O
also	O
infect	O
civet	B-SPEC
lung	B-ANAT
fibroblast	B-ANAT
and	O
rabbit	B-SPEC
kidney	B-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
lines	O
.	O

These	O
findings	O
have	O
important	O
implications	O
for	O
the	O
diagnosis	O
,	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
transmission	O
of	O
HCoV	O
-	O
EMC	B-COMP
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Infection	B-DISO
with	O
human	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
229E	I-SPEC
(	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
229E	I-SPEC
)	O
is	O
associated	O
with	O
the	O
common	B-DISO
cold	I-DISO
and	O
may	O
result	O
in	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
in	O
immunocompromised	O
patients	O
.	O

Finally	O
,	O
immunohistochemistry	O
revealed	O
that	O
TMPRSS2	B-PRGE
is	O
coexpressed	O
with	O
CD13	B-PRGE
,	O
the	O
HCoV	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
229E	I-PRGE
receptor	I-PRGE
,	O
in	O
human	B-SPEC
airway	B-ANAT
epithelial	O
(	O
HAE	O
)	O
cells	B-COMP
,	O
and	O
that	O
CD13	B-PRGE
(+)	O
TMPRSS2	O
(+)	O
cells	B-COMP
are	O
preferentially	O
targeted	B-PROC
by	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
229E	I-SPEC
,	O
suggesting	O
that	O
TMPRSS2	B-PRGE
can	O
activate	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
229E	I-SPEC
in	O
infected	O
humans	B-SPEC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Coronaviruses	O
possess	O
a	O
cap	B-DISO
structure	O
at	O
the	O
5	O
'	O
ends	O
of	O
viral	O
genomic	O
RNA	O
and	O
subgenomic	O
RNAs	O
,	O
which	O
is	O
generated	O
through	O
consecutive	O
methylations	B-PROC
by	O
virally	O
encoded	O
guanine	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
N7	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
methyltransferase	I-PRGE
(	O
N7	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
MTase	I-PRGE
)	I-PRGE
and	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
'-	I-PRGE
O	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
methyltransferase	I-PRGE
(	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
'-	I-PRGE
O	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
MTase	I-PRGE
).	O

The	O
sequence	O
motif	O
DxGxPxA	O
(	O
amino	B-CHED
acids	I-CHED
[	O
aa	O
]	O
331	O
to	O
338	O
)	O
was	O
identified	O
as	O
the	O
key	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
SAM	B-DISO
-	O
binding	B-FUNC
site	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Virological	O
and	O
clinical	O
characterizations	O
of	O
respiratory	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
in	O
hospitalized	O
children	O
.	O

Alcohol	O
misuse	O
was	O
common	O
with	O
70	O
(	O
7	O
%)	O
of	O
patients	O
having	O
Alcohol	B-DISO
Use	I-DISO
Disorders	I-DISO
Identification	O
Test	O
scores	O
in	O
zone	B-ANAT
3	I-ANAT
and	O
129	O
(	O
12	O
%)	O
patients	O
in	O
zone	O
4	O
.	O

The	O
aim	O
of	O
the	O
study	O
was	O
to	O
describe	O
the	O
experience	O
with	O
high	O
-	O
frequency	O
oscillatory	O
ventilation	O
(	O
HFOV	O
)	O
in	O
a	O
Portuguese	O
Pediatric	O
Critical	O
Care	O
Unit	O
,	O
and	O
to	O
evaluate	O
whether	O
HFOV	O
allowed	O
improvement	O
in	O
oxygenation	B-PROC
and	O
ventilation	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Previously	O
,	O
we	O
have	O
confirmed	O
that	O
the	O
antiviral	O
activities	O
of	O
the	O
chromone	B-CHED
derivatives	O
were	O
controlled	O
by	O
the	O
type	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
the	O
position	O
of	O
the	O
substituents	O
attached	O
to	O
the	O
chromone	B-CHED
core	O
structure	O
.	O

The	O
synthesized	O
2	O
-(	O
3	O
-	O
amino	O
-	O
4	O
-	O
piperazinylphenyl	O
)-	O
chromones	O
showed	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
-	O
corona	B-CHED
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
)-	O
specific	O
antiviral	B-CHED
activity	O
.	O

In	O
particular	O
,	O
the	O
2	O
-	O
pyridinylpiperazinylphenyl	O
substituents	O
provided	O
the	O
resulting	O
chromone	B-CHED
derivatives	O
with	O
selective	O
antiviral	B-CHED
activity	O
.	O

Polymyxin	B-CHED
B	I-CHED
-	O
immobilized	O
fiber	B-ANAT
column	B-ANAT
direct	O
hemoperfusion	O
(	O
PMX	O
-	O
DHP	O
)	O
is	O
a	O
medical	O
device	O
that	O
reduces	O
blood	B-ANAT
endotoxin	O
levels	O
in	O
sepsis	B-DISO
.	O

Use	O
of	O
combination	O
of	O
bronchodilators	O
and	O
inhaled	B-PROC
corticosteroids	B-CHED
was	O
more	O
frequent	O
in	O
younger	O
patients	O
with	O
more	O
severe	O
airways	B-DISO
obstruction	I-DISO
and	O
lower	O
CCI	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Tropism	B-PROC
of	O
and	O
innate	B-DISO
immune	I-DISO
responses	I-DISO
to	O
the	O
novel	O
human	B-SPEC
betacoronavirus	B-SPEC
lineage	O
C	O
virus	B-SPEC
in	O
human	O
ex	O
vivo	O
respiratory	B-ANAT
organ	I-ANAT
cultures	O
.	O

The	O
innate	B-DISO
immune	I-DISO
responses	I-DISO
elicited	O
by	O
HCoV	O
-	O
EMC	B-COMP
were	O
also	O
investigated	O
.	O

While	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
productively	O
replicated	O
in	O
lung	B-ANAT
tissue	I-ANAT
,	O
replication	O
in	O
human	B-SPEC
bronchial	B-ANAT
tissue	B-ANAT
was	O
limited	O
.	O

Immunohistochemistry	O
revealed	O
that	O
HCoV	O
-	O
EMC	B-COMP
infected	O
nonciliated	O
bronchial	B-ANAT
epithelium	I-ANAT
,	O
bronchiolar	B-ANAT
epithelial	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
,	O
alveolar	B-ANAT
epithelial	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
,	O
and	O
endothelial	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
.	O

Finally	O
,	O
the	O
blocking	B-DISO
of	O
PS	O
receptors	O
on	O
macrophages	B-ANAT
inhibited	O
the	O
entry	O
of	O
Ebola	O
VLPs	B-ANAT
,	O
suggesting	O
that	O
PS	O
receptors	O
can	O
contribute	O
to	O
infection	B-DISO
in	O
physiologically	O
relevant	O
cells	B-COMP
.	O

The	O
predictors	O
of	O
NIV	O
failure	O
were	O
the	O
severity	O
of	O
associated	O
organ	B-ANAT
dysfunctions	O
(	O
OR	O
,	O
1	O
.	O
20	O
;	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
,	O
1	O
.	O
05	O
to	O
1	O
.	O
34	O
),	O
ARDS	B-DISO
(	O
OR	O
,	O
2	O
.	O
31	O
;	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
,	O
1	O
.	O
10	O
to	O
4	O
.	O
82	O
)	O
and	O
positive	O
fluid	B-PROC
balance	I-PROC
(	O
OR	O
,	O
2	O
.	O
09	O
;	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
,	O
1	O
.	O
02	O
to	O
4	O
.	O
30	O
).	O

Overall	O
ICU	O
mortality	O
during	O
the	O
two	O
decades	O
was	O
37	O
.	O
3	O
%	O
(	O
range	O
25	O
.	O
0	O
%-	O
38	O
.	O
1	O
%)	O
between	O
1995	O
and	O
2001	O
and	O
a	O
non	O
-	O
significant	O
increase	O
in	O
values	O
between	O
36	O
.	O
8	O
%	O
and	O
58	O
.	O
3	O
%	O
during	O
the	O
time	O
interval	O
from	O
2002	O
und	B-CHED
2005	O
.	O

The	O
introduction	O
of	O
new	O
modalities	O
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
treatment	O
were	O
associated	O
with	O
higher	O
paO2	O
/	O
FIO2	O
-	O
ratios	O
on	O
ICU	O
admittance	O
but	O
had	O
no	O
effect	O
on	O
short	O
-	O
term	O
outcomes	O
including	O
duration	O
of	O
ICU	O
therapy	O
,	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
or	O
mortality	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
role	O
of	O
mast	O
cells	O
(	O
MCs	B-COMP
)	O
in	O
allergic	B-DISO
reactions	I-DISO
and	O
parasitic	O
infections	B-DISO
is	O
well	O
established	O
.	O

Thirty	O
-	O
four	O
patients	O
with	O
at	O
least	O
5	O
years	O
of	O
HIV	B-PATH
infection	I-PATH
and	O
27	O
healthy	O
controls	O
underwent	O
magnetic	O
resonance	O
imaging	O
(	O
MRI	O
)	O
in	O
a	O
1	O
.	O
5	O
T	O
scanner	O
.	O

In	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
we	O
established	O
a	O
porcine	B-SPEC
intestinal	B-ANAT
epithelial	B-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
(	O
IEC	O
)	O
line	O
which	O
can	O
stably	O
express	O
PEDV	B-PRGE
N	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
.	O

Characterising	O
the	O
viruses	B-SPEC
of	O
candidate	O
reservoir	O
species	B-SPEC
in	O
geographical	O
hot	B-DISO
spots	I-DISO
for	O
viral	O
emergence	O
is	O
a	O
sensible	O
approach	O
to	O
develop	O
tools	O
to	O
predict	O
,	O
prevent	O
,	O
or	O
contain	O
emergence	O
events	O
.	O

We	O
identified	O
a	O
great	O
abundance	O
and	O
diversity	O
of	O
novel	O
herpes	B-DISO
and	O
papillomaviruses	O
,	O
described	O
the	O
isolation	O
of	O
a	O
novel	O
adenovirus	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
detected	O
,	O
for	O
the	O
first	O
time	O
,	O
sequences	O
of	O
a	O
chiropteran	O
poxvirus	B-SPEC
closely	O
related	O
with	O
Molluscum	B-DISO
contagiosum	I-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Severe	O
ARDS	B-DISO
induced	O
by	O
fusobacterial	O
infections	B-DISO
:	O
a	O
rare	O
clinical	O
presentation	O
of	O
Lemierre	B-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
poses	O
a	O
major	O
challenge	O
in	O
intensive	O
care	O
settings	O
.	O

These	O
habitat	O
impacts	O
could	O
enhance	O
disease	O
risk	O
by	O
increasing	O
contact	O
with	O
domestic	O
animals	B-SPEC
and	O
by	O
altering	O
patterns	O
of	O
exposure	O
to	O
other	O
wild	O
felids	B-SPEC
.	O

Most	O
mountain	O
lions	B-SPEC
sampled	O
were	O
killed	O
because	O
of	O
depredation	O
or	O
public	O
safety	O
concerns	O
and	O
75	O
%	O
were	O
adults	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Feline	O
infectious	O
peritonitis	O
(	O
FIP	B-DISO
)	O
is	O
a	O
fatal	O
immune	O
-	O
mediated	O
vasculitis	B-DISO
of	O
felids	B-SPEC
caused	O
by	O
a	O
mutant	B-DISO
form	O
of	O
a	O
common	O
feline	B-SPEC
enteric	O
virus	B-SPEC
,	O
feline	B-SPEC
enteric	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
.	O

CMV	B-SPEC
is	O
frequent	O
and	O
severe	O
in	O
immunosuppressed	O
infants	O
but	O
infrequent	O
in	O
full	O
-	O
term	O
neonates	O
and	O
occurs	O
more	O
frequently	O
after	O
perinatal	O
than	O
after	O
congenital	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
,	O
particularly	O
in	O
premature	O
infants	O
.	O

The	O
role	O
of	O
antiviral	B-CHED
therapy	O
remains	O
to	O
be	O
elucidated	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
CMV	B-SPEC
is	O
frequent	O
and	O
severe	O
in	O
immunosuppressed	O
infants	O
but	O
infrequent	O
in	O
full	O
-	O
term	O
neonates	O
and	O
occurs	O
more	O
frequently	O
after	O
perinatal	O
than	O
after	O
congenital	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
,	O
particularly	O
in	O
premature	O
infants	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Five	O
common	O
themes	O
characterized	O
respondents	O
'	O
experiences	O
with	O
pandemic	O
planning	O
and	O
response	O
:	O
1	O
)	O
national	O
pandemic	O
influenza	B-DISO
preparedness	O
guidance	O
has	O
not	O
fully	O
penetrated	O
to	O
the	O
level	O
of	O
pediatric	O
emergency	B-DISO
physician	O
(	O
EP	O
)	O
leaders	O
,	O
leading	O
to	O
variable	O
states	O
of	O
preparedness	O
;	O
2	O
)	O
pediatric	O
EDs	B-DISO
that	O
maintained	O
strong	O
relationships	O
with	O
local	O
public	O
health	O
and	O
other	O
health	O
care	O
entities	O
found	O
those	O
relationships	O
to	O
be	O
beneficial	O
to	O
pandemic	O
response	O
;	O
3	O
)	O
pediatric	O
EP	O
leaders	O
reported	O
difficulty	O
reconciling	O
public	O
health	O
guidance	O
with	O
the	O
reality	O
of	O
ED	O
practice	O
;	O
4	O
)	O
although	O
many	O
anticipated	O
obstacles	O
did	O
not	O
materialize	O
,	O
in	O
some	O
cases	O
pediatric	O
EP	O
leaders	O
experienced	O
unexpected	O
institutional	O
challenges	O
;	O
and	O
5	O
)	O
pediatric	O
EP	O
leaders	O
described	O
varied	O
experiences	O
with	O
organizational	O
learning	B-PROC
following	O
the	O
H1N1	O
pandemic	O
experience	O
.	O

The	O
first	O
was	O
a	O
47	O
-	O
year	O
-	O
old	O
female	O
who	O
was	O
admitted	O
with	O
fracture	O
of	O
both	O
tibial	B-ANAT
bones	B-ANAT
sustained	O
during	O
a	O
road	O
traffic	O
accident	O
.	O

X	O
-	O
ray	B-SPEC
and	O
magnetic	O
resonance	O
imaging	O
of	O
the	O
lumbosacral	B-ANAT
spine	I-ANAT
revealed	O
fracture	O
of	O
L1	O
and	O
L2	O
vertebrae	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
his	O
condition	B-DISO
gradually	O
deteriorated	O
as	O
he	O
developed	O
aspiration	B-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
and	O
sepsis	B-DISO
with	O
multi	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
organ	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
and	O
finally	O
expired	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Long	O
-	O
term	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenator	O
use	O
to	O
support	O
an	O
infant	O
with	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
on	O
biventricular	O
assist	O
device	O
.	O

Extended	O
use	O
may	O
facilitate	O
the	O
prevention	O
of	O
ventilator	O
-	O
associated	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
and	O
organ	B-ANAT
dysfunction	O
.	O

This	O
therapy	O
may	O
be	O
an	O
attractive	O
intermediate	O
step	O
in	O
the	O
transition	B-DISO
from	O
,	O
or	O
alternative	O
to	O
ECMO	O
,	O
in	O
patients	O
requiring	O
VAD	O
placement	O
with	O
associated	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
The	O
emergence	O
of	O
human	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
EMC	B-COMP
:	O
how	O
scared	O
should	O
we	O
be	O
?	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Identification	O
of	O
immunogenic	O
determinants	O
of	O
the	O
spike	O
protein	B-CHED
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
like	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
.	O

In	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
using	O
a	O
series	O
of	O
truncated	O
expressed	B-PROC
SSL	B-PRGE
fragments	I-PRGE
and	O
SSL	O
specific	O
mouse	B-SPEC
sera	B-COMP
,	O
we	O
identified	O
two	O
immunogenic	O
determinants	O
for	O
SSL	O
.	O

We	O
previously	O
showed	O
that	O
recombinant	O
SARS	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
(	O
Urbani	O
strain	O
based	O
)	O
lacking	O
envelope	B-PRGE
(	I-PRGE
E	I-PRGE
)	I-PRGE
protein	B-PROC
expression	B-PROC
(	O
rU	O
-	O
ΔE	O
)	O
provided	O
good	O
but	O
not	O
perfect	O
protection	O
in	O
young	O
mice	B-SPEC
against	O
challenge	O
with	O
virulent	O
mouse	B-SPEC
-	O
adapted	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
(	O
MA15	O
).	O

Immunization	O
with	O
this	O
virus	B-SPEC
completely	O
protected	O
mice	O
of	O
three	O
ages	O
from	O
lethal	O
disease	O
and	O
effected	O
more	O
-	O
rapid	O
virus	B-SPEC
clearance	O
.	O

After	O
challenge	O
,	O
inflammatory	B-DISO
cell	I-DISO
infiltration	I-DISO
,	O
edema	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
lung	B-ANAT
destruction	O
were	O
decreased	O
in	O
the	O
lungs	B-ANAT
of	O
rMA15	O
-	O
ΔE	O
-	O
immunized	O
mice	B-SPEC
compared	O
to	O
those	O
in	O
rU	O
-	O
ΔE	O
-	O
immunized	O
12	O
-	O
month	O
-	O
old	O
mice	B-SPEC
.	O

This	O
approach	O
will	O
be	O
generally	O
useful	O
for	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
vaccines	O
protective	O
against	O
human	B-SPEC
coronaviruses	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
against	O
coronaviruses	O
that	O
cause	O
disease	O
in	O
domestic	O
and	O
companion	O
animals	B-SPEC
.	O

In	O
March	O
2013	O
,	O
three	O
urban	O
residents	O
of	O
Shanghai	O
or	O
Anhui	O
,	O
China	O
,	O
presented	O
with	O
rapidly	O
progressing	O
lower	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
tract	I-DISO
infections	I-DISO
and	O
were	O
found	O
to	O
be	O
infected	O
with	O
a	O
novel	O
reassortant	O
avian	B-SPEC
-	O
origin	O
influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
(	O
H7N9	O
)	O
virus	B-SPEC
.	O

Chest	B-ANAT
radiography	O
revealed	O
diffuse	O
opacities	B-DISO
and	O
consolidation	O
.	O

Complications	O
included	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
and	O
multiorgan	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Acute	O
-	O
phase	O
concentrations	O
of	O
soluble	O
fibrinogen	B-COMP
inhibit	O
neutrophil	B-ANAT
adhesion	B-DISO
under	O
flow	O
conditions	O
in	O
vitro	O
through	O
interactions	O
with	O
ICAM	O
-	O
1	O
and	O
MAC	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
(	O
CD11b	B-PRGE
/	O
CD18	B-PRGE
).	O

Soluble	O
fibrinogen	B-COMP
reduced	O
MAC	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
-	O
dependent	O
binding	B-FUNC
of	O
interleukin	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
8	I-PRGE
-	O
activated	O
neutrophils	B-ANAT
to	O
ICAM	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
-	O
expressing	O
cells	B-COMP
under	O
flow	O
conditions	O
.	O

We	O
propose	O
a	O
model	O
in	O
which	O
the	O
increased	O
circulating	O
concentrations	O
of	O
soluble	O
fibrinogen	B-COMP
found	O
during	O
the	O
acute	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
phase	I-DISO
response	I-DISO
can	O
act	O
as	O
a	O
natural	O
antagonist	B-PROC
of	O
leukocyte	B-ANAT
recruitment	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
therefore	O
might	O
contribute	O
to	O
the	O
resolution	O
of	O
inflammation	B-DISO
.	O

Convalescent	O
SARS	B-DISO
sera	B-COMP
may	O
contain	O
cross	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
reactive	I-PROC
antibodies	B-COMP
against	O
other	O
betacoronaviruses	O
and	O
confound	O
seroprevalence	O
study	O
for	O
HCoV	O
-	O
EMC	B-COMP
.	O

However	O
,	O
the	O
alcoholic	O
lung	B-ANAT
represents	O
a	O
clear	O
example	O
of	O
environment	O
-	O
host	B-COMP
interactions	O
that	O
should	O
be	O
well	O
suited	O
for	O
such	O
applications	O
.	O

The	O
pulmonary	B-PROC
function	I-PROC
objectified	O
a	O
severe	O
restrictive	O
ventilatory	O
defect	O
in	O
all	O
cases	O
.	O

A	O
patient	O
had	O
died	B-PROC
in	O
an	O
array	O
of	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
and	O
one	O
patient	O
was	O
lost	B-CHED
to	O
follow	O
-	O
up	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Synergy	O
between	O
stents	O
and	O
extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenation	B-PROC
in	O
multitrauma	O
patients	O
with	O
inferior	B-ANAT
vena	I-ANAT
cava	I-ANAT
injury	O
.	O

Sixty	O
-	O
two	O
post	O
-	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
with	O
osteonecrosis	B-DISO
were	O
one	O
group	O
,	O
and	O
52	O
age	O
-	O
and	O
sex	O
-	O
matched	O
healthy	O
people	O
were	O
as	O
normal	O
controlled	O
group	O
.	O

The	O
plasma	B-ANAT
PAI	B-PRGE
activity	O
was	O
related	O
to	O
homozygote	O
4G	O
/	O
4G	O
genotype	O
.	O

All	O
samples	O
from	O
the	O
non	O
-	O
FIP	B-DISO
cats	B-SPEC
and	O
25	O
.	O
26	O
%	O
of	O
the	O
samples	O
from	O
the	O
FIP	B-DISO
cats	B-SPEC
were	O
positive	O
for	O
the	O
FCoV	O
membrane	B-COMP
(	O
M	O
)	O
gene	O
.	O

Of	O
the	O
cats	B-SPEC
without	O
FIP	B-DISO
that	O
harboured	O
FECoV	O
,	O
the	O
amino	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
sequence	O
identities	O
for	O
the	O
M	O
gene	O
were	O
100	O
%	O
among	O
cats	O
(	O
Cats	B-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
3	I-PRGE
)	O
from	O
the	O
same	O
cattery	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
overall	O
sequence	O
identity	O
for	O
the	O
M	O
gene	O
was	O
≥	O
91	O
%.	O

Among	O
1	O
,	O
434	O
persons	O
exposed	O
to	O
chlorine	B-CHED
gas	B-ENZY
,	O
92	O
developed	O
severe	O
symptoms	O
required	O
hospital	O
admission	O
and	O
21	O
participated	O
in	O
the	O
follow	O
-	O
up	O
study	O
at	O
2	O
months	O
there	O
after	O
.	O

Obstructive	O
defect	O
from	O
spirometry	O
was	O
identified	O
in	O
2	O
participants	O
,	O
one	O
of	O
which	O
also	O
had	O
bronchial	B-ANAT
hyper	O
responsiveness	O
(	O
BHR	O
)	O
compatible	O
with	O
reactive	O
airway	B-ANAT
dysfunction	O
syndrome	B-DISO
(	O
RADS	O
).	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
investigators	O
present	O
a	O
series	O
of	O
adults	O
with	O
severe	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
who	O
were	O
treated	O
with	O
extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenation	B-PROC
(	O
ECMO	O
)	O
at	O
a	O
regional	O
referral	O
center	O
.	O

Human	B-SPEC
-	O
to	O
-	O
human	B-SPEC
transmission	O
has	O
not	O
been	O
observed	O
,	O
but	O
zoonotic	O
infections	B-DISO
of	O
nrH7N9	O
from	O
birds	B-SPEC
to	O
humans	B-SPEC
appear	O
to	O
be	O
associated	O
with	O
live	O
poultry	O
markets	O
.	O

Thus	O
,	O
a	O
combination	O
of	O
interferon	O
-	O
α2b	O
and	O
ribavirin	B-CHED
,	O
which	O
are	O
already	O
commonly	O
used	O
in	O
the	O
clinic	O
,	O
may	O
be	O
useful	O
for	O
patient	O
management	O
in	O
the	O
event	O
of	O
future	O
nCoV	O
infections	B-DISO
.	O

In	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
we	O
found	O
that	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
blocked	O
synthetic	O
dsRNA	B-CHED
-	O
induced	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
β	I-PRGE
production	O
by	O
interfering	O
with	O
the	O
activation	O
of	O
interferon	B-PRGE
regulatory	I-PRGE
factor	I-PRGE
3	I-PRGE
(	O
IRF3	B-PRGE
).	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Coronaviruses	O
are	O
found	O
in	O
a	O
diverse	O
array	O
of	O
bat	B-ENZY
and	O
bird	B-SPEC
species	B-SPEC
,	O
which	O
are	O
believed	O
to	O
act	O
as	O
natural	O
hosts	B-COMP
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Airway	B-ANAT
management	O
in	O
an	O
infant	O
with	O
alobar	B-DISO
holoprosencephaly	I-DISO
and	O
cebocephaly	B-DISO
associated	O
with	O
maternal	O
diabetes	O
mellitus	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Effects	O
of	O
different	O
resuscitation	O
fluid	O
on	O
severe	O
acute	B-DISO
pancreatitis	I-DISO
.	O

Furthermore	O
,	O
incidence	O
of	O
respiratory	O
and	O
abdominal	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
was	O
significantly	O
decreased	O
in	O
the	O
SH	O
and	O
SHG	O
groups	O
,	O
while	O
no	O
significant	O
difference	O
in	O
sepsis	B-DISO
was	O
seen	O
.	O

Moreover	O
,	O
the	O
serum	B-COMP
tumor	B-PRGE
necrosis	I-PRGE
factor	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
α	I-PRGE
,	O
interleukin	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
8	I-PRGE
and	O
C	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
reactive	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
levels	O
in	O
the	O
SH	O
and	O
SHG	O
groups	O
were	O
obviously	O
lower	O
than	O
in	O
the	O
NS	B-CHED
group	I-CHED
at	O
each	O
time	O
point	O
.	O

Herein	O
,	O
DNA	O
plasmid	O
bearing	O
TGEV	B-PRGE
S1	I-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
(	O
the	O
N	O
terminal	O
half	O
of	O
TGEV	B-PRGE
S	I-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
)	O
was	O
used	O
to	O
immunize	O
BALB	O
/	O
c	O
mice	B-SPEC
followed	O
by	O
generation	O
of	O
a	O
monoclonal	O
antibody	B-COMP
(	O
MAb	O
)	O
using	O
the	O
hybridoma	B-ANAT
technique	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Study	O
and	O
application	O
of	O
transmission	O
tracking	O
analysis	O
technique	O
during	O
incubation	O
period	O
of	O
respiratory	O
infectious	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
].	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
develop	O
a	O
new	O
transmission	O
tracking	O
analysis	O
technique	O
during	O
incubation	O
period	O
of	O
respiratory	O
infectious	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
,	O
and	O
to	O
discuss	O
its	O
practical	O
value	O
in	O
the	O
field	O
survey	O
of	O
infectious	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
.	O

The	O
transmission	O
tracking	O
analysis	O
technique	O
was	O
established	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
modeling	O
platform	O
ArcGIS	O
Engine	O
Developer	O
Kit	B-FUNC
9	O
.	O
3	O
,	O
using	O
the	O
techniques	O
of	O
address	O
matching	O
,	O
shortest	O
path	O
analysis	O
and	O
buffer	B-CHED
analysis	O
,	O
and	O
programming	O
by	O
Visual	O
C	O
++.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
The	O
single	O
case	O
transmission	O
tracking	O
analysis	O
showed	O
that	O
the	O
length	O
of	O
transmission	O
track	O
of	O
case	O
A	O
was	O
129	O
.	O
89	O
km	O
during	O
April	O
25th	O
to	O
29th	O
in	O
2003	O
,	O
including	O
12	O
tracing	O
point	O
and	O
108	O
intimate	O
contacts	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
total	O
area	O
of	O
buffer	B-CHED
zone	O
was	O
7	O
.	O
11	O
km	O
(	O
2	O
)	O
including	O
81	O
important	O
institutes	O
,	O
naming	O
72	O
schools	O
,	O
6	O
kindergartens	O
and	O
3	O
gerocomiums	O
.	O

Although	O
more	O
than	O
half	O
of	O
respondents	O
stated	O
they	O
would	O
almost	O
never	O
prescribe	O
corticosteroids	B-CHED
in	O
severe	O
community	O
-	O
acquired	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
(	O
81	O
%),	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
(	O
ALI	O
,	O
76	O
%),	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
,	O
65	O
%),	O
and	O
severe	O
ARDS	B-DISO
(	O
51	O
%),	O
variability	O
increased	O
with	O
severity	O
of	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
.	O

TCoV	O
has	O
been	O
associated	O
with	O
poult	O
enteritis	B-DISO
complex	O
,	O
a	O
syndrome	B-DISO
that	O
severely	O
affects	O
turkey	B-SPEC
production	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Involvement	O
of	O
high	B-PRGE
mobility	I-PRGE
group	I-PRGE
box	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
and	O
the	O
therapeutic	O
effect	O
of	O
recombinant	O
thrombomodulin	B-PRGE
in	O
a	O
mouse	B-SPEC
model	O
of	O
severe	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

In	O
the	O
present	O
study	O
,	O
we	O
investigated	O
the	O
therapeutic	O
effect	O
of	O
rTM	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
contribution	O
of	O
T	O
(	O
reg	O
)	O
cells	B-COMP
to	O
this	O
effect	O
,	O
in	O
a	O
mouse	B-SPEC
model	O
of	O
severe	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

HMGB1	B-PRGE
was	O
expressed	B-PROC
in	O
the	O
infiltrating	B-DISO
neutrophils	B-ANAT
and	O
macrophages	B-ANAT
in	O
lungs	B-ANAT
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
The	O
impact	O
of	O
major	O
operative	O
fractures	O
in	O
blunt	O
abdominal	B-ANAT
injury	O
.	O

We	O
hypothesize	O
that	O
operative	O
fractures	O
of	O
the	O
thoracolumbar	B-ANAT
spine	I-ANAT
,	O
pelvis	B-ANAT
,	O
acetabulum	B-ANAT
,	O
or	O
femur	B-ANAT
increase	O
systemic	O
complications	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
blunt	O
abdominal	B-ANAT
injury	O
.	O

A	O
retrospective	O
review	O
of	O
patients	O
presenting	O
to	O
a	O
Level	O
I	O
trauma	O
center	O
with	O
abdominal	B-ANAT
injury	O
between	O
2000	O
and	O
2006	O
was	O
performed	O
.	O

Logistic	O
regression	O
modeling	O
demonstrates	O
that	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
an	O
operative	O
fracture	O
increased	O
the	O
odds	O
of	O
developing	O
at	O
least	O
one	O
complication	B-DISO
approximately	O
three	O
times	O
(	O
odds	O
ratio	O
,	O
2	O
.	O
88	O
,	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
006	O
),	O
after	O
controlling	O
for	O
presence	O
of	O
chest	B-ANAT
injury	O
and	O
type	O
of	O
injured	O
abdominal	B-ANAT
organ	I-ANAT
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
Operative	O
fractures	O
of	O
the	O
thoracolumbar	B-ANAT
spine	I-ANAT
,	O
pelvis	B-ANAT
,	O
acetabulum	B-ANAT
and	O
femur	B-ANAT
increase	O
the	O
risk	O
of	O
developing	O
systemic	O
complications	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
blunt	O
abdominal	B-ANAT
injury	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Complications	O
in	O
patients	O
undergoing	O
thoracotomy	O
for	O
lung	B-DISO
carcinoma	I-DISO
].	O

Histories	O
of	O
heavy	O
smoking	O
,	O
chronic	B-DISO
lung	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
,	O
coexisting	O
medical	O
conditions	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
nature	O
of	O
the	O
procedure	O
contribute	O
.	O

This	O
review	O
was	O
undertaken	O
to	O
evaluate	O
and	O
discuss	O
major	O
complications	O
in	O
patients	O
undergoing	O
thoracotomy	O
for	O
lung	O
cancer	B-SPEC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Interstitial	B-ANAT
lung	B-ANAT
disease	I-DISO
and	O
profound	O
hypoxaemia	O
in	O
a	O
severely	O
-	O
malnourished	B-DISO
child	O
with	O
very	O
severe	O
pneumonia	O
and	O
potential	O
lymph	B-ANAT
-	O
node	B-ANAT
tuberculosis	B-PATH
:	O
an	O
uncommon	O
but	O
serious	O
co	O
-	O
morbidity	O
.	O

Danish	O
and	O
American	O
Birman	O
cats	B-SPEC
were	O
closely	O
related	O
and	O
the	O
populations	O
were	O
therefore	O
combined	O
and	O
analyzed	O
in	O
two	O
manners	O
:	O
(	O
1	O
)	O
all	O
cases	O
(	O
FIP	B-DISO
)	O
vs	O
.	O
all	O
controls	O
(	O
healthy	O
)	O
regardless	O
of	O
age	O
,	O
and	O
(	O
2	O
)	O
cases	O
1½	O
years	O
of	O
age	O
and	O
younger	O
(	O
most	O
susceptible	O
)	O
vs	O
.	O
controls	O
2	O
years	O
of	O
age	O
and	O
older	O
(	O
most	O
resistant	O
).	O

Five	O
candidate	O
genes	O
ELMO1	B-PRGE
,	O
RRAGA	B-PRGE
,	O
TNFSF10	B-PRGE
,	O
ERAP1	B-PRGE
and	O
ERAP2	B-PRGE
,	O
all	O
relevant	O
to	O
what	O
is	O
known	O
about	O
FIP	B-DISO
virus	B-DISO
pathogenesis	B-PROC
,	O
were	O
identified	O
but	O
no	O
single	O
association	O
was	O
fully	O
concordant	O
with	O
the	O
disease	O
phenotype	O
.	O

Electron	O
microscopy	O
of	O
infected	O
Vero	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
revealed	O
extensive	O
membrane	B-COMP
rearrangements	O
,	O
including	O
the	O
formation	B-PROC
of	O
double	O
-	O
membrane	B-COMP
vesicles	B-COMP
and	O
convoluted	O
membranes	B-ANAT
,	O
which	O
have	O
been	O
implicated	O
previously	O
in	O
the	O
RNA	B-PROC
synthesis	I-PROC
of	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
and	O
other	O
CoVs	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Anti	O
-	O
NMDA	O
receptor	O
encephalitis	O
is	O
a	O
newly	O
characterized	O
severe	O
neuroautoimmune	O
syndrome	B-DISO
with	O
a	O
progressive	O
,	O
clinical	O
course	O
.	O

The	O
finding	O
of	O
oligoclonal	O
protein	B-CHED
electrophoresis	O
(>	O
80	O
%)	O
and	O
antibodies	B-COMP
in	O
serum	B-COMP
and	O
cerebrospinal	B-ANAT
fluid	I-ANAT
directed	O
against	O
the	O
NR1	O
subunit	O
of	O
the	O
NMDA	B-FUNC
receptor	I-FUNC
confirms	O
the	O
diagnosis	O
.	O

The	O
upE	O
and	O
LNA	B-CHED
-	O
TZ1	O
based	O
assays	O
were	O
better	O
than	O
others	O
.	O

Bronchiolitis	B-DISO
and	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
were	O
the	O
most	O
frequent	O
diagnoses	O
in	O
NL63	O
positive	O
patients	O
and	O
the	O
major	O
symptoms	O
were	O
fever	B-PROC
and	O
cough	B-DISO
in	O
our	O
study	O
.	O

METHODS	O
:	O
From	O
November	O
2006	O
to	O
October	O
2009	O
,	O
1169	O
nasopharyngeal	B-ANAT
aspirates	B-ANAT
(	O
NPA	B-CHED
)	O
were	O
collected	O
from	O
children	O
under	O
14	O
years	O
old	O
with	O
ARTIs	O
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
NL63	I-SPEC
is	O
an	O
important	O
pathogen	O
of	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
tract	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
in	O
children	O
in	O
Lanzhou	O
city	O
.	O

Here	O
,	O
the	O
carboxy	B-CHED
-	O
terminal	O
charge	O
-	O
rich	O
motif	O
in	O
the	O
endodomain	O
was	O
verified	O
to	O
be	O
critical	O
for	O
the	O
specificity	O
of	O
S	O
assembly	O
into	O
mouse	B-DISO
hepatitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
MHV	B-SPEC
).	O

Interestingly	O
,	O
in	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
endodomain	O
chimeras	O
the	O
reverting	O
mutations	O
resulted	O
in	O
stronger	O
S	O
incorporation	O
into	O
virions	B-COMP
,	O
and	O
a	O
net	O
gain	O
of	O
negatively	O
charged	O
residues	O
in	O
the	O
charge	O
-	O
rich	O
motif	O
accounted	O
for	O
the	O
improvement	O
.	O

This	O
study	O
highlights	O
the	O
role	O
of	O
the	O
above	O
seven	O
risk	O
factors	O
in	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
severe	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
in	O
under	O
-	O
five	O
children	O
.	O

Furthermore	O
,	O
lung	B-ANAT
protective	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
must	O
be	O
applied	O
using	O
low	O
tidal	O
volumes	O
and	O
limiting	O
inspiratory	B-PROC
pressures	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Mechanism	O
for	O
controlling	O
the	O
monomer	O
-	O
dimer	O
conversion	O
of	O
SARS	B-PRGE
coronavirus	B-SPEC
main	I-PRGE
protease	I-PRGE
.	O

This	O
structural	O
information	O
offers	O
valuable	O
insights	O
into	O
the	O
molecular	O
mechanism	O
associated	O
with	O
substrate	O
-	O
induced	O
dimerization	O
and	O
has	O
important	O
implications	O
with	O
respect	O
to	O
the	O
maturation	B-PROC
of	O
the	O
enzyme	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
The	O
cellular	B-COMP
interactome	O
of	O
the	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-PRGE
virus	B-SPEC
nucleocapsid	B-COMP
protein	B-CHED
and	O
functional	O
implications	O
for	O
virus	O
biology	O
.	O

These	O
functions	O
are	O
likely	O
to	O
be	O
facilitated	O
by	O
interactions	O
with	O
host	B-COMP
cell	I-COMP
proteins	B-CHED
.	O

The	O
potential	O
interactome	O
of	O
the	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
IBV	B-SPEC
)	O
N	O
protein	B-CHED
was	O
mapped	O
using	O
stable	O
isotope	O
labeling	O
with	O
amino	B-CHED
acids	I-CHED
in	O
cell	B-COMP
culture	O
(	O
SILAC	O
)	O
coupled	O
to	O
a	O
green	O
fluorescent	O
protein	B-CHED
-	O
nanotrap	O
pulldown	O
methodology	O
and	O
liquid	O
chromatography	O
-	O
tandem	O
mass	O
spectrometry	O
.	O

An	O
example	O
is	O
the	O
stimulation	O
of	O
-	O
1	O
programmed	O
ribosomal	B-PROC
frameshifting	I-PROC
,	O
leading	O
to	O
3	O
'	O
direction	O
slippage	O
of	O
the	O
reading	O
-	O
frame	O
during	O
elongation	O
,	O
by	O
specific	O
pseudoknot	O
stimulators	O
downstream	O
of	O
the	O
frameshifting	O
site	O
.	O

Murine	B-SPEC
alveolar	B-ANAT
cells	B-ANAT
cultured	I-ANAT
to	O
maintain	O
an	O
ATII	O
cell	B-COMP
phenotype	O
,	O
determined	O
by	O
expression	B-PROC
of	O
LBP180	O
,	O
were	O
susceptible	O
to	O
infection	B-DISO
by	O
all	O
three	O
viruses	B-SPEC
.	O

Both	O
cell	B-COMP
types	O
had	O
increased	O
expression	B-PROC
of	O
IL	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
1β	I-PRGE
mRNA	I-PRGE
upon	O
viral	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
,	O
though	O
at	O
different	O
levels	O
.	O

In	O
summary	O
,	O
ATI	O
and	O
ATII	O
cells	B-COMP
exhibited	O
differential	O
susceptibilities	O
and	O
cytokine	O
responses	O
to	O
infection	B-DISO
by	O
respiratory	O
viruses	B-SPEC
.	O

However	O
,	O
clinicians	O
seeing	B-PROC
pet	O
rabbits	B-SPEC
in	O
North	O
America	O
infrequently	O
encounter	O
viral	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
although	O
myxomatosis	O
may	O
be	O
seen	O
occasionally	O
.	O

The	O
situation	O
is	O
different	O
in	O
Europe	O
and	O
Australia	O
,	O
where	O
myxomatosis	O
and	O
rabbit	B-SPEC
hemorrhagic	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
are	O
endemic	O
.	O

Enteric	O
viruses	B-SPEC
including	O
lapine	O
rotavirus	B-SPEC
,	O
rabbit	B-SPEC
enteric	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
and	O
rabbit	B-SPEC
astrovirus	O
are	O
being	O
acknowledged	O
as	O
contributors	O
to	O
the	O
multifactorial	O
enteritis	B-DISO
complex	O
of	O
juvenile	O
rabbits	O
.	O

This	O
was	O
a	O
retrospective	O
review	O
of	O
the	O
management	O
and	O
outcome	O
of	O
patients	O
with	O
Legionella	B-SPEC
-	O
associated	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
treated	O
with	O
ECMO	O
support	O
in	O
a	O
large	O
ECMO	O
center	O
over	O
the	O
past	O
10	O
years	O
.	O

The	O
main	O
clinical	O
signs	O
of	O
affected	O
horses	B-SPEC
were	O
anorexia	B-DISO
,	O
pyrexia	B-PROC
and	O
leucopenia	B-DISO
;	O
gastrointestinal	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
was	O
observed	O
in	O
about	O
10	O
%	O
of	O
affected	O
horses	B-SPEC
.	O

CHVHF	O
is	O
an	O
effective	O
adjuvant	B-CHED
treatment	O
for	O
severe	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

Compared	O
with	O
control	O
group	O
,	O
the	O
duration	O
of	O
MV	O
and	O
ICU	O
stay	O
were	O
shortened	O
in	O
treatment	O
group	O
(	O
duration	O
of	O
MV	O
:	O
12	O
±	O
4	O
days	O
vs	O
.	O
19	O
±	O
6	O
days	O
,	O
ICU	O
stay	O
time	O
:	O
21	O
±	O
4	O
days	O
vs	O
.	O
33	O
±	O
8	O
days	O
,	O
both	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
),	O
and	O
percentage	O
of	O
successful	O
weaning	B-PROC
from	O
MV	O
and	O
28	O
-	O
day	O
survival	O
rate	O
were	O
higher	O
in	O
treatment	O
group	O
(	O
percentage	O
of	O
successful	O
weaning	B-PROC
from	O
MV	O
:	O
81	O
.	O
1	O
%	O
vs	O
.	O
64	O
.	O
3	O
%,	O
28	O
-	O
day	O
survival	O
rate	O
:	O
86	O
.	O
5	O
%	O
vs	O
.	O
71	O
.	O
4	O
%,	O
both	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
).	O

No	O
evidence	O
of	O
sustained	O
human	B-SPEC
-	O
to	O
-	O
human	B-SPEC
transmission	O
has	O
been	O
found	O
,	O
and	O
no	O
human	B-SPEC
cases	O
of	O
H7N9	O
virus	O
infection	O
have	O
been	O
detected	O
outside	O
China	O
,	O
including	O
the	O
United	O
States	O
.	O

From	O
this	O
work	O
,	O
we	O
identified	O
six	O
classes	O
of	O
mutants	O
that	O
abolished	O
,	O
attenuated	O
or	O
increased	O
nsp1	B-PRGE
inhibition	B-PROC
of	O
host	B-COMP
gene	B-PROC
expression	I-PROC
and	O
/	O
or	O
antiviral	B-CHED
signaling	B-PROC
.	O

We	O
undertook	O
a	O
retrospective	O
study	O
to	O
examine	O
dengue	B-DISO
death	B-PROC
cases	O
in	O
our	O
hospital	O
from	O
June	O
2006	O
to	O
October	O
2007	O
with	O
a	O
view	O
to	O
determine	O
if	O
there	O
have	O
been	O
changes	O
in	O
the	O
presentation	O
of	O
severe	O
to	O
fatal	O
dengue	B-DISO
.	O

Gastrointestinal	B-DISO
pain	I-DISO
,	O
vomiting	B-DISO
,	O
diarrhea	B-DISO
,	O
intravascular	O
leakages	O
and	O
bleeding	B-DISO
occurred	O
in	O
the	O
majority	O
of	O
cases	O
.	O

In	O
our	O
cohort	O
,	O
dengue	B-DISO
fatalities	O
are	O
seen	O
primarily	O
in	O
adult	O
females	O
with	O
secondary	O
dengue	B-DISO
infection	B-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
ascertain	O
the	O
metabolic	B-PROC
changes	O
in	O
patients	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
and	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
related	O
post	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
traumatic	I-DISO
stress	I-DISO
disorder	I-DISO
(	O
PTSD	B-DISO
)	O
and	O
elucidate	O
the	O
relationship	O
between	O
PTSD	B-DISO
,	O
SARS	B-DISO
and	O
brain	B-PROC
metabolism	B-PROC
.	O

A	O
total	O
of	O
58	O
convalescent	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
were	O
evaluated	O
by	O
the	O
scores	O
of	O
impact	O
of	O
event	O
scale	O
(	O
IES	B-CHED
),	O
self	O
-	O
rating	O
anxiety	O
scale	O
(	O
SAS	O
)	O
and	O
self	O
-	O
rating	O
depression	B-DISO
scale	O
(	O
SDS	B-DISO
),	O
etc	O
.	O

There	O
were	O
18	O
patients	O
(	O
M	O
:	O
F	O
=	O
6	O
:	O
12	O
)	O
with	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
related	I-PRGE
PTSD	B-DISO
and	O
26	O
convalescent	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
without	O
PTSD	B-DISO
.	O

SARS	B-DISO
may	O
also	O
lead	O
to	O
the	O
changes	O
of	O
brain	B-PROC
metabolism	B-PROC
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
The	O
changes	O
of	O
brain	B-PROC
metabolism	B-PROC
in	O
PTSD	B-DISO
are	O
caused	O
by	O
SARS	B-DISO
.	O

Based	O
on	O
available	O
experimental	O
data	O
,	O
the	O
prediction	O
accuracy	O
is	O
up	O
to	O
90	O
%	O
for	O
S	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
.	O

We	O
suggest	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
epitope	B-CHED
prediction	O
methods	O
in	O
combination	O
with	O
3D	O
structural	O
modelling	O
of	O
peptide	O
-	O
MHC	B-PROC
-	O
TCR	B-COMP
complex	O
to	O
identify	O
MHC	B-PROC
class	B-SPEC
I	O
restricted	O
T	B-ANAT
-	I-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
epitopes	O
for	O
use	O
in	O
epitope	B-CHED
based	O
vaccines	O
like	O
HIV	B-DISO
and	O
human	B-SPEC
cancers	B-DISO
,	O
which	O
should	O
provide	O
a	O
valuable	O
step	O
forward	O
for	O
the	O
design	O
of	O
better	O
vaccines	O
and	O
may	O
provide	O
in	O
depth	O
understanding	O
about	O
activation	O
of	O
T	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
cell	I-PRGE
epitopes	I-PRGE
by	O
MHC	B-PRGE
binding	B-FUNC
peptides	B-CHED
.	O

Interestingly	O
,	O
special	O
findings	O
could	O
render	O
the	O
diagnosis	O
easier	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
greenish	O
homogeneous	O
cytoplasmic	B-ANAT
inclusions	I-ANAT
,	O
surrounded	O
by	O
a	O
fine	O
clear	O
halo	O
in	O
BAL	B-ENZY
macrophages	B-ANAT
.	O

Therefore	O
,	O
although	O
the	O
diagnosis	O
remains	O
difficult	O
before	O
the	O
onset	O
of	O
renal	B-ANAT
involvement	O
,	O
the	O
occurrence	O
of	O
severe	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
mimicking	O
community	O
-	O
acquired	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
must	O
alert	O
the	O
clinician	O
for	O
possible	O
HPS	B-DISO
,	O
especially	O
in	O
endemic	O
areas	O
.	O

Key	O
components	O
of	O
such	O
a	O
strategy	O
include	O
avoiding	O
lung	B-ANAT
overdistension	O
by	O
limiting	O
tidal	O
volumes	O
and	O
airway	B-ANAT
pressures	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
positive	O
end	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
expiratory	I-PROC
pressure	O
with	O
or	O
without	O
lung	B-ANAT
recruitment	B-DISO
manoeuvres	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Cell	B-ANAT
therapy	O
demonstrates	O
promise	O
for	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
-	O
but	O
which	O
cell	B-COMP
is	O
best	O
?	O

Recent	O
studies	O
involving	O
the	O
administration	O
of	O
mesenchymal	B-ANAT
stem	I-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
(	O
MSCs	B-FUNC
)	O
for	O
the	O
treatment	O
of	O
experimental	O
ALI	O
/	O
ARDS	B-DISO
have	O
shown	O
promising	O
results	O
.	O

Cor	B-DISO
pulmonale	I-DISO
was	O
detected	O
in	O
49	O
patients	O
(	O
prevalence	O
of	O
22	O
%;	O
95	O
%	O
confidence	O
interval	O
,	O
16	O
-	O
27	O
%).	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Cor	B-DISO
pulmonale	I-DISO
was	O
detected	O
in	O
49	O
patients	O
(	O
prevalence	O
of	O
22	O
%;	O
95	O
%	O
confidence	O
interval	O
,	O
16	O
-	O
27	O
%).	O

then	O
antibodies	B-COMP
titers	O
declined	O
rapidly	O
in	O
some	O
cases	O
.	O

Serum	B-COMP
IgG	B-PRGE
antibodies	I-PRGE
has	O
diagnostic	O
value	O
for	O
SARS	B-DISO
in	O
the	O
late	O
course	O
of	O
disease	O
and	O
the	O
antibodies	B-COMP
present	O
more	O
than	O
48	O
months	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Transmissible	O
gastroenteritis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
)	O
infection	B-DISO
induced	I-DISO
apoptosis	B-PATH
in	O
several	O
cell	B-ANAT
lines	I-ANAT
in	O
vitro	O
.	O

In	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
we	O
investigated	O
the	O
activation	O
of	O
the	O
protein	B-PRGE
kinase	I-PRGE
R	O
-	O
like	O
ER	O
kinase	O
(	O
PERK	B-PRGE
)	O
pathway	B-PROC
of	O
UPR	O
in	O
cells	B-COMP
infected	O
with	O
the	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
IBV	B-SPEC
)	O
and	O
its	O
relationship	O
with	O
IBV	B-SPEC
-	O
induced	O
apoptosis	B-PATH
.	O

DMV	O
/	O
1639	O
/	O
11	O
and	O
PA	O
/	O
9579A	O
/	O
10	O
were	O
determined	O
to	O
be	O
nephropathogenic	O
in	O
susceptible	O
chickens	B-SPEC
,	O
yielding	O
virus	B-SPEC
reisolations	O
from	O
kidney	B-ANAT
and	O
inducing	O
characteristic	O
interstitial	B-DISO
nephritis	I-DISO
microscopic	O
lesions	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Survival	O
of	O
Respiratory	O
Viruses	B-SPEC
on	O
Fresh	B-ANAT
Produce	O
.	O

Coronavirus	B-SPEC
was	O
recovered	O
from	O
lettuce	O
with	O
an	O
efficiency	O
of	O
19	O
.	O
6	O
%	O
yet	O
could	O
not	O
be	O
recovered	O
from	O
strawberries	O
.	O

All	O
three	O
horses	B-SPEC
were	O
diagnosed	O
with	O
presumptive	O
equine	B-SPEC
atypical	O
myopathy	B-DISO
.	O

Genomes	O
carrying	O
the	O
original	O
mutations	O
in	O
S3	O
or	O
S4	O
plus	O
compensatory	O
mutations	O
restoring	O
base	B-FUNC
pairing	I-FUNC
were	O
viable	O
and	O
had	O
robust	O
growth	B-PROC
phenotypes	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
The	O
lung	B-ANAT
microvascular	O
endothelium	B-ANAT
as	O
a	O
therapeutic	O
target	O
in	O
severe	O
influenza	B-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
An	O
epidemiological	O
survey	O
of	O
porcine	O
diarrheal	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
prevalence	O
between	O
September	O
2011	O
and	O
January	O
2012	O
revealed	O
that	O
porcine	B-SPEC
epidemic	I-SPEC
diarrhea	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
)	O
contributed	O
to	O
outbreaks	O
of	O
diarrhea	B-DISO
in	O
pig	B-SPEC
farms	O
in	O
Shanghai	O
,	O
China	O
.	O

Six	O
of	O
them	O
were	O
affected	O
by	O
cblD	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
MMA	I-PRGE
,	O
but	O
only	O
three	O
had	O
a	O
known	O
clinical	O
history	O
.	O

We	O
evaluated	O
the	O
effect	O
of	O
early	O
application	O
of	O
prone	O
positioning	O
on	O
outcomes	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
primary	O
outcome	O
was	O
the	O
proportion	O
of	O
patients	O
who	O
died	B-PROC
from	O
any	O
cause	O
within	O
28	O
days	O
after	O
inclusion	O
.	O

The	O
incidence	O
of	O
complications	O
did	O
not	O
differ	O
significantly	O
between	O
the	O
groups	O
,	O
except	O
for	O
the	O
incidence	O
of	O
cardiac	B-ANAT
arrests	O
,	O
which	O
was	O
higher	O
in	O
the	O
supine	O
group	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
The	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
in	O
malaria	B-PATH
:	O
is	O
it	O
always	O
the	O
prerogative	O
of	O
Plasmodium	B-SPEC
falciparum	I-SPEC
?].	O

Severity	O
associated	O
with	O
the	O
occurrence	O
of	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
is	O
a	O
well	O
-	O
known	O
complication	B-DISO
of	O
infection	B-DISO
with	O
Plasmodium	B-SPEC
falciparum	I-SPEC
and	O
can	O
reach	B-PROC
25	O
%	O
of	O
infected	O
adults	O
.	O

RSV	B-SPEC
was	O
the	O
most	O
common	O
pathogens	O
in	O
patients	O
under	O
1	O
year	O
and	O
showed	O
seasonal	O
variation	O
with	O
peaks	O
during	O
winter	O
and	O
spring	O
.	O

We	O
also	O
analyzed	O
serum	B-COMP
from	O
non	O
-	O
lung	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
intubated	O
patients	O
(	O
controls	O
)	O
and	O
sepsis	B-DISO
-	O
mediated	O
ARDS	B-DISO
patients	O
.	O

We	O
present	O
a	O
case	O
of	O
malaria	B-PATH
with	O
multi	O
organ	B-ANAT
involvement	O
.	O

No	O
severe	O
adverse	O
event	O
was	O
observed	O
related	O
to	O
CART	B-PRGE
,	O
and	O
25	O
.	O
2	O
-	O
98	O
.	O
0	O
(	O
median	O
30	O
.	O
2	O
)	O
grams	O
of	O
albumin	B-PRGE
was	O
collected	O
and	O
reinfused	O
.	O

Detailed	O
phylogenetic	O
analysis	O
of	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
genome	O
(	O
England	O
/	O
Qatar	O
/	O
2012	O
)	O
revealed	O
its	O
close	O
relationship	O
to	O
European	O
bat	B-ENZY
coronaviruses	O
circulating	O
among	O
the	O
bat	B-ENZY
species	B-SPEC
of	O
the	O
Vespertilionidae	B-SPEC
family	B-SPEC
.	O

Molecular	O
clock	O
analysis	O
showed	O
that	O
the	O
2	O
human	B-SPEC
infections	B-DISO
of	O
this	O
betacoronavirus	B-SPEC
in	O
June	O
2012	O
(	O
EMC	B-COMP
/	O
2012	O
)	O
and	O
September	O
2012	O
(	O
England	O
/	O
Qatar	O
/	O
2012	O
)	O
share	O
a	O
common	O
virus	B-SPEC
ancestor	O
most	O
likely	O
considerably	O
before	O
early	O
2012	O
,	O
suggesting	O
the	O
human	B-SPEC
diversity	O
is	O
the	O
result	O
of	O
multiple	O
zoonotic	O
events	O
.	O

Illness	O
severity	O
was	O
determined	O
using	O
an	O
ordinal	O
bronchiolitis	B-DISO
severity	O
score	O
.	O

Common	O
respiratory	O
viruses	B-SPEC
were	O
identified	O
by	O
real	O
-	O
time	O
reverse	O
-	O
transcriptase	B-PROC
polymerase	O
chain	O
reaction	O
.	O

Among	O
infants	O
with	O
bronchiolitis	B-DISO
,	O
76	O
%	O
had	O
respiratory	B-SPEC
syncytial	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
RSV	B-SPEC
),	O
18	O
%	O
human	B-SPEC
rhinovirus	I-SPEC
(	O
HRV	O
),	O
10	O
%	O
influenza	B-DISO
,	O
2	O
%	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
,	O
3	O
%	O
human	B-SPEC
metapneumovirus	I-SPEC
and	O
1	O
%	O
parainfluenza	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
.	O

We	O
searched	O
Pubmed	O
,	O
Toxnet	O
,	O
Cochrane	O
database	O
and	O
Embase	O
from	O
1966	O
to	O
September	O
2012	O
using	O
the	O
search	O
terms	O
(''	O
extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenation	O
'',	O
'	O
extracorporeal	O
life	O
support	O
',	O
'	O
ECMO	O
',	O
'	O
ECLS	O
',	O
'	O
assist	O
-	O
device	O
',	O
and	O
'	O
intox	O
*'	O
or	O
'	O
poison	O
*').	O

The	O
organ	B-ANAT
support	O
that	O
can	O
be	O
applied	O
with	O
ECMO	O
makes	O
it	O
especially	O
useful	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
poisoning	O
as	O
the	O
clinical	O
impact	O
of	O
the	O
intoxication	O
is	O
often	O
temporary	O
;	O
ECMO	O
can	O
be	O
used	O
as	O
a	O
'	O
bridge	O
to	O
recovery	O
'.	O

In	O
contrast	O
,	O
following	O
intranasal	O
or	O
intracranial	B-ANAT
inoculation	O
,	O
efficient	O
replication	O
of	O
MHV	B-SPEC
in	O
the	O
brain	B-ANAT
is	O
not	O
dependent	O
on	O
an	O
enzymatically	O
active	O
ns2	B-DISO
.	O

A59	O
and	O
ns2	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
H126R	I-PRGE
replicated	O
with	O
similar	O
kinetics	O
in	O
all	O
cell	B-COMP
types	O
tested	O
,	O
except	O
macrophages	B-ANAT
and	O
microglia	B-ANAT
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Suppression	B-PROC
of	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
replication	O
by	O
cyclophilin	B-PROC
inhibitors	B-CHED
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Coronaviruses	O
infect	O
a	O
variety	O
of	O
mammalian	O
and	O
avian	B-SPEC
species	B-SPEC
and	O
cause	O
serious	O
diseases	O
in	O
humans	B-SPEC
,	O
cats	B-SPEC
,	O
mice	B-SPEC
,	O
and	O
birds	B-SPEC
in	O
the	O
form	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
),	O
feline	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
peritonitis	I-DISO
(	O
FIP	B-DISO
),	O
mouse	B-DISO
hepatitis	I-DISO
,	O
and	O
avian	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
bronchitis	I-DISO
,	O
respectively	O
.	O

No	O
effective	O
vaccine	O
or	O
treatment	O
has	O
been	O
developed	O
for	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
or	O
FIP	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
,	O
both	O
of	O
which	O
cause	O
lethal	O
diseases	O
.	O

We	O
noted	O
a	O
significant	O
reduction	O
in	O
M	O
secretion	O
due	O
to	O
serine	B-CHED
replacement	O
for	O
C158	O
,	O
but	O
not	O
for	O
C63	O
or	O
C85	O
.	O

He	O
has	O
focused	O
his	O
research	O
on	O
host	B-COMP
-	O
pathogen	O
interactions	O
at	O
the	O
molecular	O
level	O
.	O

Research	O
in	O
his	O
laboratory	O
is	O
focused	O
on	O
,	O
but	O
not	O
restricted	O
to	O
,	O
Escherichia	B-SPEC
coli	I-SPEC
and	O
Salmonella	B-DISO
interactions	O
with	O
host	B-COMP
cells	B-COMP
.	O

He	O
cofounded	O
Inimex	O
Pharmaceuticals	B-CHED
,	O
Inc	O
.	O
(	O
BC	O
,	O
Canada	O
),	O
and	O
is	O
Director	O
of	O
the	O
Severe	B-DISO
Acute	I-DISO
Respiratory	I-DISO
Syndrome	I-DISO
Accelerated	O
Vaccine	O
Initiative	O
.	O

Despite	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
multiple	B-DISO
organ	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
and	O
high	O
risk	O
of	O
mortality	O
,	O
all	O
three	O
patients	O
survived	O
with	O
minimal	O
long	O
-	O
term	O
sequelae	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Characterization	O
of	O
the	O
guanine	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
N7	I-PRGE
methyltransferase	B-FUNC
activity	I-FUNC
of	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
nsp14	O
on	O
nucleotide	B-CHED
GTP	B-CHED
.	O

Moreover	O
,	O
the	O
accumulation	O
of	O
m7GTP	B-PRGE
or	I-PRGE
presence	I-PRGE
of	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
nsp14	I-PRGE
could	O
interfere	O
with	O
protein	O
translation	B-PROC
of	O
cellular	B-COMP
mRNAs	O
.	O

Anaesthesia	B-DISO
for	O
this	O
long	O
procedure	O
involves	O
advanced	O
planning	O
for	O
airway	B-ANAT
management	O
,	O
vascular	B-ANAT
access	O
,	O
technique	O
of	O
anaesthesia	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
fluid	O
management	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Binding	B-FUNC
and	O
repressive	O
activities	O
of	O
apolipoprotein	B-PRGE
E3	I-PRGE
and	I-PRGE
E4	I-PRGE
isoforms	I-PRGE
on	O
the	O
human	B-SPEC
ApoD	B-PRGE
promoter	I-PRGE
.	O

Here	O
,	O
we	O
identified	O
several	O
nuclear	O
factors	O
from	O
the	O
cortex	B-ANAT
of	O
control	O
and	O
OC43	O
-	O
infected	O
mice	B-SPEC
which	O
bind	B-FUNC
a	O
fragment	O
of	O
the	O
proximal	O
ApoD	B-PRGE
promoter	I-PRGE
in	O
vitro	O
.	O

Of	O
interest	O
,	O
we	O
detected	O
apolipoprotein	B-PRGE
E	I-PRGE
(	O
ApoE	B-PRGE
).	O

Consistent	O
with	O
these	O
results	O
,	O
we	O
also	O
demonstrated	O
by	O
ChIP	O
assay	O
that	O
E3	O
and	O
E4	O
isoforms	O
,	O
but	O
not	O
E2	O
,	O
bind	B-FUNC
the	O
ApoD	B-PRGE
promoter	I-PRGE
.	O

Moreover	O
,	O
using	O
the	O
Allen	O
Brain	B-ANAT
Atlas	B-ANAT
in	O
situ	O
hybridization	B-PROC
database	O
,	O
we	O
observed	O
an	O
inverse	O
correlation	O
between	O
ApoD	B-PRGE
and	O
ApoE	B-PRGE
mRNA	I-PRGE
expression	B-PROC
during	O
development	B-PROC
and	O
in	O
several	O
regions	O
of	O
the	O
mouse	B-ANAT
brain	I-ANAT
,	O
notably	O
in	O
the	O
cortex	B-ANAT
,	O
hippocampus	B-SPEC
,	O
plexus	B-ANAT
choroid	I-ANAT
,	O
and	O
cerebellum	B-ANAT
.	O

This	O
study	O
was	O
conducted	O
to	O
evaluate	O
the	O
distribution	O
of	O
respiratory	O
viruses	B-SPEC
in	O
patients	O
with	O
influenza	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
like	I-DISO
illness	I-DISO
(	O
ILI	B-DISO
)	O
through	O
the	O
first	O
teaching	O
hospital	O
-	O
based	O
surveillance	O
scheme	O
for	O
ILI	B-DISO
in	O
South	O
Korea	O
.	O

Respiratory	O
specimens	O
were	O
obtained	O
from	O
adult	O
patients	O
(≥	O
18	O
years	O
)	O
who	O
visited	O
the	O
emergency	B-DISO
department	O
(	O
ED	O
)	O
with	O
ILI	O
from	O
week	O
40	O
,	O
2011	O
to	O
week	O
22	O
,	O
2012	O
.	O

The	O
positive	O
rate	O
of	O
respiratory	O
viruses	B-SPEC
was	O
52	O
.	O
1	O
%	O
(	O
1	O
,	O
033	O
/	O
1	O
,	O
983	O
)	O
and	O
the	O
total	O
number	O
of	O
detected	O
viruses	B-SPEC
was	O
1	O
,	O
100	O
.	O

This	O
study	O
is	O
valuable	O
as	O
the	O
first	O
extensive	O
laboratory	O
surveillance	O
of	O
the	O
epidemiology	O
of	O
respiratory	O
viruses	B-SPEC
in	O
ILI	O
patients	O
through	O
a	O
teaching	O
hospital	O
-	O
based	O
influenza	B-DISO
surveillance	O
system	O
in	O
South	O
Korea	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Family	B-SPEC
cluster	O
of	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
.	O

The	O
aim	O
of	O
this	O
study	O
was	O
to	O
characterise	O
the	O
histopathological	O
lesions	O
and	O
tissue	B-PROC
tropism	B-PROC
of	O
Iranian	O
isolate	O
IR	O
/	O
773	O
/	O
2001	O
(	O
793	O
/	O
B	O
)	O
of	O
avian	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
bronchitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
in	O
different	O
organs	B-ANAT
of	O
experimentally	O
infected	O
SPF	B-PRGE
chickens	I-PRGE
.	O

The	O
most	O
obvious	O
histopathological	O
lesions	O
were	O
found	O
in	O
the	O
trachea	B-DISO
,	O
kidney	B-ANAT
,	O
lungs	B-ANAT
and	O
bursa	B-ANAT
of	I-ANAT
Fabricius	I-ANAT
.	O

Amongst	O
the	O
lymphoid	B-ANAT
tissues	I-ANAT
,	O
histopathological	O
changes	O
were	O
found	O
most	O
frequently	O
in	O
the	O
bursa	B-ANAT
of	I-ANAT
Fabricius	I-ANAT
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
(	O
ALI	O
)	O
and	O
its	O
most	O
severe	O
form	O
,	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
distress	O
syndrome	O
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
),	O
were	O
presciently	O
described	O
nearly	O
two	O
centuries	O
ago	O
by	O
René	O
Laennec	O
,	O
later	O
to	O
be	O
described	O
clinically	O
in	O
the	O
1950s	O
and	O
1960s	O
.	O

Functional	O
animal	B-SPEC
models	O
and	O
clinically	O
applicable	O
case	O
definitions	O
for	O
ALI	O
and	O
ARDS	B-DISO
were	O
instrumental	O
in	O
gaining	O
these	O
new	O
insights	O
.	O

Although	O
no	O
specific	O
pharmacological	O
therapies	O
for	O
ALI	O
and	O
ARDS	B-DISO
yet	O
exist	O
,	O
outcomes	O
have	O
improved	O
with	O
advancements	O
in	O
respiratory	O
and	O
fluid	O
-	O
based	O
supportive	O
therapies	O
,	O
and	O
methods	O
to	O
prevent	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
or	O
exacerbation	O
of	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
.	O

This	O
article	O
focuses	O
on	O
mechanisms	O
of	O
lung	B-ANAT
vascular	B-PROC
permeability	I-PROC
,	O
reviews	O
major	O
intracellular	B-COMP
signaling	B-PROC
cascades	O
involved	O
in	O
endothelial	B-ANAT
monolayer	O
barrier	O
preservation	O
and	O
summarizes	O
a	O
current	O
knowledge	O
regarding	O
recently	O
identified	O
compounds	O
which	O
either	O
reduce	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
endothelial	B-ANAT
barrier	O
disruption	O
and	O
hyperpermeability	O
,	O
or	O
reverse	O
preexisting	O
lung	B-ANAT
vascular	B-ANAT
barrier	O
compromise	O
induced	O
by	O
pathologic	O
insults	O
.	O

The	O
in	O
vitro	O
inhibitory	O
activity	O
(	O
50	O
%	O
effective	O
concentration	O
)	O
of	O
the	O
macrocyclic	O
inhibitor	B-CHED
toward	O
enterovirus	B-PRGE
3C	I-PRGE
protease	I-PRGE
(	O
CVB3	O
Nancy	O
strain	O
),	O
and	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
and	O
norovirus	B-PRGE
3C	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
like	I-PRGE
proteases	I-PRGE
,	O
was	O
determined	O
to	O
be	O
1	O
.	O
8	O
,	O
15	O
.	O
5	O
and	O
5	O
.	O
1	O
μM	O
,	O
respectively	O
.	O

No	O
secondary	B-DISO
transmission	I-DISO
was	O
documented	O
in	O
hospital	O
staff	O
despite	O
the	O
absence	O
of	O
specific	O
protective	O
measures	O
before	O
the	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
was	O
suspected	O
.	O

These	O
cases	O
illustrate	O
the	O
importance	O
of	O
the	O
techniques	O
of	O
cell	B-COMP
culture	O
and	O
electron	O
microscopy	O
in	O
pathogen	O
identification	O
and	O
recognition	O
of	O
emerging	O
diseases	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Ten	O
years	O
have	O
elapsed	O
since	O
the	O
World	O
Health	O
Organization	O
issued	O
its	O
first	O
global	O
alert	O
for	O
an	O
unexplained	O
illness	O
named	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
).	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Improper	O
management	O
of	O
hospital	O
waste	O
has	O
been	O
reported	O
to	O
be	O
responsible	O
for	O
several	O
acute	O
outbreaks	O
like	O
the	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
).	O

The	O
effect	O
of	O
burnt	O
hospital	O
wastes	O
on	O
the	O
agricultural	O
soil	O
was	O
conducted	O
on	O
soils	O
sampled	O
around	O
farm	O
settlement	O
near	O
Obafemi	O
Awolowo	O
University	O
Teaching	O
Hospital	O
Complex	O
,	O
Ile	B-CHED
-	O
Ife	O
,	O
South	O
West	O
Nigeria	O
.	O

PIXE	O
technique	O
was	O
employed	O
with	O
a	O
1	O
.	O
7	O
MV	O
5SDH	O
Tandem	O
Pelletron	O
accelerator	O
available	O
at	O
Centre	O
for	O
Energy	O
Research	O
and	O
Development	B-PROC
O	O
.	O
A	O
.	O
U	O
Ile	B-CHED
-	O
Ife	O
,	O
Nigeria	O
.	O

We	O
retrospectively	O
analyzed	O
253	O
consecutive	O
patients	O
hospitalized	O
for	O
acute	B-DISO
pancreatitis	I-DISO
in	O
intensive	O
care	O
unit	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Specific	O
CT	O
images	O
of	O
GC	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
acute	B-DISO
pancreatitis	I-DISO
included	O
enlarged	O
and	O
high	O
-	O
tensioned	O
gallbladder	B-ANAT
,	O
wall	O
thickening	O
,	O
lumenal	O
emphysema	B-DISO
,	O
discontinuous	O
and	O
/	O
or	O
irregular	O
enhancement	O
of	O
mucosa	B-ANAT
,	O
and	O
pericholecystic	O
effusion	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Pathogenesis	B-PROC
of	O
malaria	B-PATH
-	O
associated	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

Anyplex	O
™	O
II	O
RV16	O
[	O
RV16	O
]	O
was	O
designed	O
for	O
simultaneous	O
detection	O
of	O
16	O
respiratory	O
viruses	B-SPEC
using	O
multiplex	O
PCR	O
coupled	O
with	O
TOCE	O
™	O
technology	O
.	O

Serology	O
for	O
feline	B-SPEC
coronavirus	B-SPEC
antibody	B-COMP
was	O
positive	O
with	O
an	O
elevated	O
alpha	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
acid	I-PRGE
glycoprotein	I-PRGE
.	O

Immunocytochemistry	O
for	O
feline	B-SPEC
coronavirus	B-SPEC
was	O
performed	O
on	O
the	O
CSF	B-ANAT
,	O
with	O
positive	O
staining	O
observed	O
inside	O
macrophages	B-ANAT
.	O

The	O
affection	O
of	O
lung	B-ANAT
can	O
sometimes	O
result	O
in	O
fatal	O
outcome	O
(	O
interstitial	B-DISO
lung	B-ANAT
disease	I-DISO
,	O
secondary	B-DISO
pulmonary	I-DISO
hypertension	I-DISO
).	O

Intravenous	O
immunoglobulins	O
applied	O
parenterally	O
in	O
a	O
dose	O
of	O
2	O
g	O
/	O
kg	O
divided	O
into	O
multiple	O
doses	O
showed	O
an	O
excellent	O
clinical	O
effect	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
affection	O
of	O
the	O
esophagus	B-ANAT
and	O
throat	B-ANAT
muscles	B-ANAT
,	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
affection	O
and	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
resistant	O
disease	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Despite	O
the	O
prepdominat	O
agent	O
causing	O
severe	O
entero	O
-	O
pathogenic	O
diarrhea	B-DISO
in	O
swine	B-SPEC
,	O
there	O
are	O
no	O
effective	O
therapeutical	O
treatment	O
of	O
porcine	B-SPEC
epidemic	I-SPEC
diarrhea	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Design	O
,	O
synthesis	B-PROC
,	O
and	O
biological	O
evaluation	O
of	O
novel	O
dipeptide	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
type	I-PRGE
SARS	B-DISO
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
3CL	I-PRGE
protease	B-CHED
inhibitors	I-CHED
:	O
structure	O
-	O
activity	O
relationship	O
study	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
This	O
work	O
describes	O
the	O
design	O
,	O
synthesis	B-PROC
,	O
and	O
evaluation	O
of	O
low	O
-	O
molecular	O
weight	O
peptidic	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
3CL	I-PRGE
protease	B-PROC
inhibitors	I-PROC
.	O

The	O
inhibitors	B-CHED
were	O
designed	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
potent	O
tripeptidic	O
Z	O
-	O
Val	B-CHED
-	O
Leu	B-CHED
-	O
Ala	B-CHED
(	O
pyrrolidone	B-CHED
-	O
3	O
-	O
yl	O
)-	O
2	O
-	O
benzothiazole	B-CHED
(	O
8	O
;	O
Ki	O
=	O
4	O
.	O
1	O
nM	O
),	O
in	O
which	O
the	O
P3	O
valine	B-CHED
unit	O
was	O
substituted	O
with	O
a	O
variety	O
of	O
distinct	O
moieties	O
.	O

He	O
was	O
noted	O
to	O
have	O
very	O
-	O
high	O
triglyceride	B-CHED
levels	O
(>	O
5000	O
mg	O
/	O
dL	O
)	O
at	O
admission	O
.	O

A	O
magnetic	O
resonance	O
imaging	O
revealed	O
a	O
severe	O
Chiari	B-DISO
malformation	I-DISO
type	I-DISO
I	I-DISO
.	O
The	O
patient	O
eventually	O
required	O
tracheostomy	O
and	O
prolonged	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
.	O

A	O
21	O
-	O
year	O
-	O
old	O
man	B-CHED
with	O
severe	O
head	B-ANAT
injury	O
after	O
a	O
car	B-COMP
accident	O
was	O
endotracheally	O
intubated	O
,	O
mechanically	O
ventilated	O
,	O
and	O
hemodynamically	O
stabilized	O
before	O
transfer	O
to	O
our	O
university	O
hospital	O
.	O

Simultaneously	O
,	O
his	O
intracranial	B-PROC
pressure	I-PROC
peaked	O
and	O
his	O
pupils	B-DISO
dilated	I-DISO
,	O
displaying	O
no	O
reflexes	B-PROC
to	O
light	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
receptor	O
-	O
binding	B-FUNC
domain	O
(	O
RBD	O
)	O
protein	B-CHED
of	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
NL63	I-SPEC
is	O
a	O
major	O
target	O
in	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
diagnostic	O
assay	O
and	O
vaccine	O
,	O
it	O
has	O
a	O
pivotal	O
role	O
in	O
receptor	O
attachment	O
,	O
viral	O
entry	O
and	O
membrane	B-PROC
fusion	I-PROC
.	O

The	O
RBD	O
(	O
RL	O
and	O
RS	O
)	O
of	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
NL63	I-SPEC
were	O
expressed	B-PROC
majorly	O
as	O
inclusion	B-COMP
body	I-COMP
when	O
expressed	B-PROC
in	O
E	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
coli	I-SPEC
BL21pLys	O
S	O
under	O
different	O
conditions	O
.	O

An	O
Emergency	B-DISO
Use	O
Authorization	O
(	O
EUA	B-SPEC
)	O
was	O
recently	O
issued	O
by	O
the	O
Food	O
and	O
Drug	O
Administration	O
(	O
FDA	O
)	O
to	O
allow	O
for	O
expanded	O
availability	O
of	O
diagnostic	O
testing	O
in	O
the	O
United	O
States	O
.	O

The	O
latter	O
function	O
of	O
N	O
was	O
shown	O
to	O
depend	O
on	O
both	O
of	O
the	O
RNA	O
-	O
binding	B-FUNC
domains	O
of	O
N	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
on	O
the	O
serine	B-CHED
-	O
and	O
arginine	B-CHED
-	O
rich	O
central	O
region	O
of	O
N	O
,	O
which	O
binds	B-FUNC
nsp3	B-PRGE
.	O

Our	O
results	O
support	O
a	O
model	O
in	O
which	O
the	O
N	O
-	O
nsp3	B-PRGE
interaction	O
serves	O
to	O
tether	O
the	O
genome	O
to	O
the	O
newly	O
translated	O
replicase	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
transcriptase	I-PRGE
complex	O
at	O
a	O
very	O
early	O
stage	O
of	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
key	O
clinical	O
feature	O
is	O
refractory	O
arterial	B-ANAT
hypoxemia	O
,	O
which	O
in	O
severe	O
cases	O
necessitates	O
the	O
application	O
of	O
extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenation	B-PROC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Primary	O
and	O
acquired	O
abdominal	B-ANAT
pathology	O
accounts	O
for	O
a	O
significant	O
proportion	O
of	O
sepsis	B-DISO
and	O
SIRS	B-DISO
in	O
the	O
ICU	O
population	O
.	O

There	O
is	O
only	O
limited	O
data	O
on	O
neotropical	O
bat	B-ENZY
CoVs	O
.	O

Consecutive	O
inpatients	O
admitted	O
from	O
the	O
emergency	B-DISO
department	O
were	O
included	O
if	O
they	O
were	O
≥	O
18	O
years	O
of	O
age	O
,	O
underwent	O
a	O
screening	O
tool	O
assessment	O
at	O
presentation	O
and	O
had	O
a	O
most	O
responsible	O
diagnosis	O
that	O
was	O
cardiac	O
,	O
respiratory	O
or	O
infectious	B-DISO
.	O

FECV	B-SPEC
causes	O
subclinical	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
;	O
FIPV	O
causes	O
feline	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
peritonitis	I-DISO
(	O
FIP	B-DISO
),	O
a	O
systemic	O
and	O
fatal	O
disease	O
.	O

In	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
we	O
investigated	O
whether	O
the	O
PHEV	O
-	O
induced	O
cytopathic	B-DISO
effect	I-DISO
(	O
CPE	O
)	O
was	O
caused	O
by	O
apoptosis	B-PATH
.	O

Replication	O
of	O
PHEV	O
in	O
a	O
porcine	B-SPEC
kidney	B-ANAT
-	O
derived	O
cell	B-ANAT
line	I-ANAT
(	O
PK	O
-	O
15	O
cells	B-COMP
)	O
caused	O
an	O
extensive	O
CPE	O
,	O
leading	O
to	O
the	O
destruction	O
of	O
the	O
entire	O
monolayer	O
and	O
the	O
death	B-PROC
of	O
the	O
infected	O
cells	B-COMP
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
As	O
exemplified	O
by	O
coronaviruses	O
and	O
influenza	O
viruses	O
,	O
bats	B-SPEC
and	O
birds	B-SPEC
are	O
natural	O
reservoirs	O
for	O
providing	O
viral	O
genes	O
during	O
evolution	B-PROC
of	O
new	O
virus	B-SPEC
species	B-SPEC
and	O
viruses	B-SPEC
for	O
interspecies	O
transmission	O
.	O

Reports	O
on	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
viral	O
aerosols	O
in	O
indoor	O
air	B-CHED
are	O
scarce	O
,	O
however	O
,	O
despite	O
the	O
fact	O
that	O
viruses	B-SPEC
are	O
probably	O
the	O
most	O
common	O
cause	O
of	O
infection	B-DISO
acquired	O
indoor	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Diarrhoea	O
caused	O
by	O
infectious	B-DISO
agents	O
is	O
common	O
in	O
foals	O
but	O
there	O
is	O
no	O
comprehensive	O
molecular	O
work	O
-	O
up	O
of	O
the	O
relative	O
prevalence	O
of	O
common	O
agents	O
and	O
appearance	O
of	O
coinfections	B-DISO
.	O

Six	O
of	O
the	O
8	O
infectious	B-DISO
agents	O
were	O
associated	O
with	O
the	O
GI	O
-	O
diseased	O
group	O
,	O
the	O
other	O
2	O
were	O
not	O
(	O
equine	B-SPEC
coronavirus	B-SPEC
and	O
R	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
equi	I-SPEC
).	O

This	O
conclusion	O
was	O
supported	O
by	O
the	O
ultrastructure	O
images	O
of	O
the	O
early	O
stage	O
of	O
DEV	O
infection	O
,	O
which	O
showed	O
that	O
the	O
replication	O
of	O
virus	B-SPEC
nucleic	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
and	O
the	O
formation	B-PROC
of	O
the	O
capsid	B-ANAT
in	O
the	O
cell	B-COMP
nucleus	I-COMP
were	O
suppressed	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
The	O
study	O
of	O
complications	O
of	O
vivax	B-DISO
malaria	I-DISO
in	O
comparison	O
with	O
falciparum	B-DISO
malaria	I-DISO
in	O
Mumbai	O
.	O

In	O
this	O
study	O
we	O
have	O
compared	O
the	O
complications	O
in	O
vivax	B-DISO
malaria	I-DISO
with	O
those	O
in	O
falciparum	O
or	O
mixed	B-DISO
malaria	I-DISO
.	O

1	O
)	O
To	O
study	O
various	O
complications	O
in	O
adult	O
inpatients	O
of	O
vivax	B-DISO
malaria	I-DISO
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
680	O
cases	O
of	O
malaria	B-PATH
were	O
included	O
in	O
the	O
study	O
.	O

Overall	O
24	O
-	O
hour	O
KM	O
survival	O
for	O
the	O
HRR	B-PROC
versus	O
LRR	O
was	O
85	O
.	O
2	O
%	O
versus	O
68	O
.	O
6	O
%	O
(	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
0004	O
).	O

Our	O
MIA	O
results	O
support	O
previous	O
studies	O
with	O
decreased	O
mortality	O
in	O
HRR	B-PROC
group	O
when	O
compared	O
with	O
LRR	O
.	O

Within	O
all	O
MTPs	O
with	O
10	O
or	O
more	O
units	O
of	O
PRBC	O
,	O
HRR	B-PROC
was	O
not	O
a	O
predictor	O
of	O
morbidity	O
,	O
but	O
crystalloid	B-COMP
volume	O
was	O
.	O

Caution	O
in	O
overzealous	O
use	O
of	O
crystalloid	B-COMP
during	O
HRR	B-PROC
is	O
warranted	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Hospital	O
outbreak	O
of	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Vitamin	B-CHED
D	I-CHED
deficiency	I-DISO
and	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
.	O

The	O
evidence	O
for	O
the	O
role	O
of	O
vitamin	B-CHED
D	I-CHED
in	O
lung	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
is	O
growing	O
-	O
deficiency	O
has	O
been	O
associated	O
with	O
impaired	B-DISO
pulmonary	B-PROC
function	I-PROC
,	O
increased	O
incidence	O
of	O
viral	O
and	O
bacterial	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
and	O
inflammatory	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
including	O
asthma	B-PATH
and	O
COPD	B-DISO
.	O

From	O
time	O
of	O
diagnosis	O
,	O
respiratory	O
,	O
faecal	B-ANAT
,	O
and	O
urine	B-ANAT
samples	O
were	O
obtained	O
for	O
virus	B-SPEC
quantification	O
.	O

Stool	B-ANAT
samples	O
obtained	O
on	O
days	O
12	O
and	O
16	O
contained	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
,	O
with	O
up	O
to	O
1031	O
RNA	O
copies	O
per	O
g	O
(	O
close	O
to	O
the	O
lowest	O
detection	O
limit	O
of	O
the	O
assay	O
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
The	O
receptor	B-FUNC
binding	I-FUNC
domain	O
of	O
the	O
new	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
maps	O
to	O
a	O
231	O
-	O
residue	O
region	O
in	O
the	O
spike	O
protein	O
that	O
efficiently	O
elicits	O
neutralizing	O
antibodies	B-COMP
.	O

No	O
other	O
cases	O
of	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
infection	B-DISO
were	O
identified	O
among	O
the	O
index	O
case	O
’	O
s	O
123	O
contacts	O
,	O
nor	O
among	O
39	O
contacts	O
of	O
the	O
secondary	O
case	O
,	O
during	O
the	O
10	O
-	O
day	O
follow	O
-	O
up	O
period	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Solution	O
NMR	O
analyses	O
of	O
the	O
C	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
type	I-PRGE
carbohydrate	I-PRGE
recognition	I-PRGE
domain	I-PRGE
of	O
DC	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
SIGNR	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
reveal	O
different	O
binding	O
modes	O
for	O
HIV	B-DISO
-	O
derived	O
oligosaccharides	B-CHED
and	O
smaller	O
glycan	B-CHED
fragments	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
C	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
type	I-PRGE
lectin	I-PRGE
DC	O
-	O
SIGNR	O
(	O
dendritic	B-ANAT
cell	B-COMP
-	O
specific	O
ICAM	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
3	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
grabbing	I-PRGE
non	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
integrin	I-PRGE
-	O
related	O
;	O
also	O
known	O
as	O
L	O
-	O
SIGN	O
or	O
CD299	O
)	O
is	O
a	O
promising	O
drug	O
target	O
due	O
to	O
its	O
ability	O
to	O
promote	O
infection	B-DISO
and	O
/	O
or	O
within	O
-	O
host	B-COMP
survival	O
of	O
several	O
dangerous	O
pathogens	O
(	O
e	O
.	O
g	O
.	O
HIV	B-DISO
and	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
))	O
via	O
interactions	O
with	O
their	O
surface	O
glycans	B-CHED
.	O

Treatment	O
(	O
hepatorenal	B-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
)	O
or	O
prevention	O
(	O
renal	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
after	O
spontaneous	B-DISO
bacterial	I-DISO
peritonitis	I-DISO
and	O
post	O
-	O
paracentesis	O
circulatory	B-PROC
dysfunction	O
after	O
large	O
volume	O
paracentesis	O
)	O
of	O
severe	O
clinical	O
complications	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
cirrhosis	B-DISO
and	O
fluid	O
resuscitation	O
in	O
critically	B-DISO
ill	I-DISO
patients	O
,	O
when	O
crystalloids	O
and	O
non	O
-	O
proteic	O
colloids	O
are	O
not	O
effective	O
or	O
contra	O
-	O
indicated	O
,	O
represents	O
the	O
major	O
evidence	O
-	O
based	O
clinical	O
indications	O
for	O
HSA	O
administration	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
):	O
challenges	O
in	O
identifying	O
its	O
source	O
and	O
controlling	O
its	O
spread	O
.	O

Limited	O
human	B-SPEC
-	O
to	O
-	O
human	B-SPEC
transmission	O
has	O
occurred	O
within	O
several	O
clusters	B-CHED
,	O
as	O
individuals	O
without	O
a	O
recent	O
travel	O
history	O
have	O
become	O
infected	O
after	O
exposure	O
to	O
an	O
ill	B-DISO
returned	O
traveler	O
.	O

This	O
case	O
illustrates	O
that	O
P	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
vivax	I-SPEC
-	O
induced	O
ARDS	B-DISO
is	O
not	O
uncommon	O
and	O
should	O
be	O
readily	O
recognized	O
by	O
the	O
treating	O
physicians	O
.	O

Our	O
results	O
suggest	O
that	O
current	O
Chinese	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
isolates	O
originated	O
from	O
either	O
South	O
Korean	O
and	O
/	O
or	O
Chinese	O
ancestors	O
that	O
underwent	O
some	O
genetic	O
variation	O
,	O
thereby	O
forming	O
a	O
new	O
PEDV	O
genotype	O
in	O
China	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Clinical	O
presentation	O
of	O
patients	O
with	O
seasonal	O
influenza	B-DISO
and	O
pandemic	O
influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
(	O
H1N1	O
-	O
2009	O
)	O
requiring	O
hospitalisation	O
.	O

Common	O
presenting	O
symptoms	O
included	O
fever	B-PROC
in	O
17	O
(	O
89	O
.	O
4	O
%),	O
cough	B-DISO
in	O
16	O
(	O
84	O
.	O
2	O
%),	O
myalgia	B-DISO
in	O
15	O
(	O
78	O
.	O
9	O
%)	O
and	O
breathlessness	B-DISO
in	O
10	O
(	O
52	O
.	O
6	O
%)	O
patients	O
.	O

Autopsies	O
were	O
performed	O
in	O
5	O
cases	O
and	O
revealed	O
haemorrhagic	B-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
in	O
2	O
patients	O
.	O

We	O
examined	O
the	O
efficacy	O
of	O
ET	O
as	O
an	O
adjunct	O
treatment	O
for	O
severe	O
malaria	B-PATH
using	O
US	O
surveillance	O
data	O
and	O
reviewed	O
the	O
literature	O
to	O
update	O
recommendations	O
.	O

""""	O
Case	O
reports	O
and	O
series	O
,	O
observational	O
and	O
case	O
-	O
control	O
studies	O
,	O
and	O
meta	B-SPEC
-	O
analysis	O
were	O
included	O
.	O

A	O
high	O
similarity	O
was	O
observed	O
between	O
BCoV	O
,	O
canine	O
respiratory	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
CRCoV	O
)	O
and	O
human	B-PRGE
coronavirus	I-PRGE
OC43	I-PRGE
(	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
OC43	I-SPEC
).	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Cryopreserved	O
primary	O
human	B-SPEC
renal	B-ANAT
proximal	B-ANAT
tubule	I-ANAT
epithelial	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
(	O
RPTEC	O
)	O
were	O
obtained	O
from	O
a	O
commercial	O
supplier	O
for	O
studies	O
of	O
Simian	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
40	I-SPEC
(	O
SV40	B-SPEC
).	O

The	O
authors	O
gave	O
an	O
example	O
of	O
fatal	O
course	O
of	O
influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
(	O
H1N1	O
)	O
S	O
-	O
OIV	O
in	O
young	O
patient	O
with	O
severe	O
VA	O
-	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
,	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
,	O
disseminated	B-DISO
intravascular	I-DISO
coagulation	I-DISO
with	O
progressive	O
respiratory	B-DISO
distress	I-DISO
secondary	O
to	O
an	O
metabolic	B-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

The	O
detection	O
limit	O
of	O
the	O
assay	O
was	O
8	O
.	O
2	O
gene	O
copies	O
/	O
μL	O
based	O
on	O
in	O
vitro	O
transcribed	O
RNA	O
and	O
0	O
.	O
1	O
EID50	O
/	O
mL	O
.	O
The	O
assay	O
was	O
able	O
to	O
detect	O
all	O
the	O
IBV	B-SPEC
strains	O
assessed	O
and	O
discriminated	O
well	O
among	O
the	O
IBV	B-SPEC
Mass	O
.	O
and	O
the	O
IBV	B-SPEC
non	O
-	O
Mass	O
.	O

Hand	B-ANAT
–	I-ANAT
foot	I-ANAT
syndrome	B-DISO
was	O
present	O
in	O
12	O
.	O
8	O
%	O
of	O
patients	O
,	O
exclusively	O
in	O
those	O
less	O
than	O
5	O
years	O
old	O
.	O

Pain	O
crisis	O
was	O
particularly	O
present	O
in	O
SCD	B-DISO
children	O
less	O
than	O
5	O
years	O
of	O
age	O
(	O
74	O
.	O
5	O
%	O
vs	O
25	O
.	O
6	O
%,	O
P	O
,	O
0	O
.	O
001	O
).	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Thirty	O
-	O
five	O
children	O
with	O
a	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
severe	O
malaria	B-PATH
were	O
enrolled	O
[	O
18	O
(	O
51	O
·	O
4	O
%)	O
P	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
vivax	I-SPEC
,	O
nine	O
(	O
25	O
·	O
7	O
%)	O
mixed	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
,	O
eight	O
(	O
22	O
·	O
8	O
%)	O
P	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
falciparum	I-SPEC
].	O

We	O
diagnosed	O
Legionella	B-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
from	O
his	O
chest	B-ANAT
X	O
-	O
ray	B-SPEC
imaging	O
which	O
showed	O
bilateral	O
lobe	B-ANAT
consolidation	O
excluding	O
the	O
left	B-ANAT
upper	I-ANAT
lobe	I-ANAT
,	O
and	O
his	O
sputum	B-ANAT
culture	O
yielded	O
Legionella	B-SPEC
pneumophilla	O
serogroup	O
1	O
.	O

His	O
respiratory	O
status	O
gradually	O
improved	O
after	O
that	O
and	O
he	O
was	O
weaned	B-PROC
from	O
ECMO	O
on	O
the	O
7th	O
day	O
.	O

In	O
medicine	B-CHED
,	O
a	O
definition	O
or	O
syndrome	B-DISO
representing	O
""""	O
a	O
constellation	O
of	O
symptomatology	O
seen	O
in	O
association	O
""""	O
should	O
stand	O
the	O
trial	O
of	O
time	O
after	O
it	O
is	O
coined	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Pharmacological	O
interventions	O
are	O
commonly	O
considered	O
in	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
distress	O
syndrome	O
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
patients	O
.	O

Fluid	O
management	O
with	O
the	O
goal	O
to	O
obtain	O
zero	O
fluid	B-PROC
balance	I-PROC
in	O
ARDS	B-DISO
patients	O
without	O
shock	O
or	O
renal	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
significantly	O
increases	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
days	O
without	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
.	O

The	O
early	O
use	O
of	O
high	O
doses	O
of	O
corticosteroids	B-CHED
for	O
the	O
prevention	O
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
in	O
septic	B-DISO
shock	I-DISO
patients	O
or	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
confirmed	O
ARDS	B-DISO
significantly	O
reduced	O
the	O
duration	O
of	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
but	O
had	O
no	O
effect	O
or	O
even	O
increased	O
mortality	O
.	O

In	O
the	O
context	O
of	O
a	O
persistent	O
ARDS	B-DISO
with	O
histological	O
proof	O
of	O
fibroproliferation	O
,	O
a	O
corticosteroid	B-CHED
treatment	O
with	O
a	O
progressive	O
decrease	O
of	O
doses	O
can	O
be	O
proposed	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
The	O
changing	O
nature	O
of	O
death	B-PROC
on	O
the	O
trauma	O
service	O
.	O

Mortality	O
caused	O
by	O
preexisting	O
medical	O
conditions	O
has	O
increased	O
,	O
while	O
markedly	O
fewer	O
deaths	B-PROC
resulted	O
from	O
the	O
complications	O
of	O
injury	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Biological	O
features	O
of	O
novel	O
avian	B-DISO
influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
(	O
H7N9	O
)	O
virus	B-SPEC
.	O

We	O
discover	O
that	O
the	O
H7N9	O
virus	B-SPEC
can	O
bind	B-FUNC
to	O
both	O
avian	B-SPEC
-	O
type	O
(	O
α2	O
,	O
3	O
-	O
linked	O
sialic	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
)	O
and	O
human	B-SPEC
-	O
type	O
(	O
α2	O
,	O
6	O
-	O
linked	O
sialic	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
)	O
receptors	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Respiratory	B-DISO
tract	I-DISO
infections	I-DISO
(	O
RTIs	O
)	O
are	O
caused	O
by	O
a	O
plethora	O
of	O
viral	O
and	O
bacterial	O
pathogens	O
.	O

The	O
FilmArray	O
RP	O
and	O
Prodesse	O
ProFLU	O
+/	O
FAST	B-PRGE
+	I-PRGE
assays	O
were	O
convenient	O
to	O
perform	O
with	O
regard	O
to	O
sensitivity	O
,	O
ease	O
of	O
use	O
,	O
and	O
low	O
percentages	O
of	O
invalid	O
results	O
.	O

In	O
the	O
transmissible	O
gastroenteritis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
)	O
as	O
a	O
model	O
,	O
we	O
previously	O
reported	O
that	O
accessory	O
gene	O
7	O
counteracts	O
the	O
host	B-COMP
antiviral	B-PROC
response	I-PROC
by	O
associating	O
with	O
the	O
catalytic	O
subunit	O
of	O
protein	B-PRGE
phosphatase	B-FUNC
1	I-PRGE
(	O
PP1c	B-PRGE
).	O

In	O
the	O
present	O
work	O
,	O
the	O
effect	O
of	O
the	O
absence	O
of	O
gene	O
7	O
on	O
the	O
host	B-COMP
cell	I-COMP
,	O
during	O
infection	B-DISO
,	O
was	O
further	O
analyzed	O
by	O
transcriptomic	O
analysis	O
.	O

Dipeptidyl	O
peptidase	O
-	O
4	O
(	O
DPP4	B-PRGE
)	O
was	O
recently	O
identified	O
as	O
its	O
receptor	O
.	O

Infection	B-DISO
results	O
in	O
profound	O
apoptosis	B-PATH
within	O
24	O
h	O
irrespective	O
of	O
its	O
production	O
of	O
titers	O
that	O
are	O
lower	O
than	O
those	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
.	O
Together	O
,	O
our	O
results	O
provide	O
new	O
insights	O
into	O
the	O
dissemination	O
and	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
of	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
and	O
may	O
indicate	O
that	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
differs	O
markedly	O
from	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
.	O

Using	O
colored	O
food	O
dye	B-CHED
as	O
a	O
tracer	B-CHED
,	O
the	O
qualitative	O
effects	O
of	O
door	O
-	O
opening	O
motions	O
on	O
the	O
dissemination	O
of	O
potentially	O
contaminated	O
air	B-CHED
into	O
and	O
out	O
of	O
a	O
single	O
isolation	O
room	O
were	O
visualized	O
and	O
filmed	O
using	O
Reynolds	O
-	O
number	O
-	O
equivalent	O
,	O
small	O
-	O
scale	O
,	O
water	B-CHED
-	O
tank	O
models	O
fitted	B-DISO
with	O
programmable	O
door	O
-	O
opening	O
and	O
moving	B-PROC
human	B-SPEC
figure	O
motions	O
.	O

The	O
relative	O
effect	O
of	O
the	O
moving	B-PROC
human	B-SPEC
figure	O
on	O
spreading	O
any	O
potential	O
contamination	O
was	O
greatest	O
with	O
the	O
sliding	O
doors	O
,	O
as	O
the	O
bulk	O
airflows	O
induced	O
were	O
large	O
relative	O
to	O
those	O
resulting	O
from	O
these	O
door	O
-	O
opening	O
motions	O
.	O

This	O
report	O
emphasizes	O
that	O
this	O
fatal	O
complication	B-DISO
may	O
occur	O
with	O
use	O
of	O
this	O
drug	O
.	O

Clinicians	O
need	O
to	O
be	O
aware	O
of	O
this	O
condition	B-DISO
as	O
prompt	O
recognition	O
and	O
supportive	O
management	O
can	O
prevent	O
unwanted	O
morbidity	O
and	O
mortality	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Poulvac	O
IB	O
®	O
Primer	O
is	O
a	O
lyophilized	O
vaccine	O
containing	O
two	O
attenuated	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
strains	O
in	O
one	O
vial	O
,	O
IB	O
H120	O
and	O
IB	O
D274	O
.	O

For	O
quantification	O
of	O
the	O
viral	O
content	O
of	O
the	O
vaccine	O
,	O
dilution	O
series	O
of	O
the	O
final	O
product	O
are	O
inoculated	O
in	O
embryonated	O
chicken	B-SPEC
eggs	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
not	O
clear	O
what	O
the	O
live	O
virus	B-SPEC
titre	O
is	O
for	O
strain	O
IB	O
H120	O
and	O
for	O
strain	O
IB	O
D274	O
.	O

In	O
order	B-SPEC
to	O
determine	O
end	O
-	O
points	O
in	O
the	O
titration	O
for	O
each	O
of	O
the	O
two	O
strains	O
,	O
we	O
collected	O
the	O
allantoic	O
fluids	B-ANAT
from	O
each	O
egg	B-ANAT
after	O
the	O
incubation	O
period	O
and	O
tested	O
these	O
for	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
IB	O
H120	O
and	O
IB	O
D274	O
by	O
a	O
strain	O
specific	O
reverse	O
phase	O
PCR	O
.	O

In	O
multivariate	O
analyses	O
,	O
four	O
variables	O
were	O
significantly	O
associated	O
with	O
an	O
increased	O
number	O
of	O
healthcare	O
visits	O
per	O
ILI	O
:	O
non	O
-	O
Caucasian	O
child	O
,	O
living	O
in	O
a	O
detached	O
house	O
,	O
both	O
parents	O
in	O
employed	O
work	O
and	O
having	O
an	O
ILI	O
with	O
one	O
or	O
more	O
viruses	B-SPEC
identified	O
.	O

At	O
day	O
30	O
,	O
one	O
death	B-PROC
had	O
occurred	O
in	O
each	O
group	O
.	O

The	O
main	O
factor	O
associated	O
with	O
non	O
-	O
severe	O
presentation	O
was	O
an	O
early	O
(<	O
48	O
h	O
)	O
implementation	O
of	O
oseltamivir	B-CHED
treatment	O
(	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
038	O
).	O

Although	O
the	O
study	O
failed	O
to	O
achieve	O
its	O
main	O
objective	O
,	O
due	O
mainly	O
to	O
the	O
difficulty	O
of	O
carrying	O
a	O
study	O
of	O
this	O
nature	O
in	O
the	O
midst	O
of	O
a	O
pandemic	O
,	O
it	O
allowed	O
the	O
description	O
of	O
a	O
panel	O
of	O
unusual	O
and	O
complicated	O
forms	O
and	O
confirmed	O
the	O
added	O
value	O
of	O
early	O
oseltamivir	B-CHED
treatment	O
in	O
limiting	O
severity	O
in	O
hospitalized	O
children	O
and	O
adults	O
.	O

Pregnant	O
women	O
are	O
susceptible	O
to	O
certain	O
infections	B-DISO
because	O
of	O
alterations	O
in	O
their	O
cell	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
mediated	I-PROC
immunity	I-PROC
.	O

Pyelonephritis	B-DISO
remains	O
a	O
common	O
cause	O
of	O
sepsis	B-DISO
during	O
pregnancy	O
,	O
and	O
associated	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
occurs	O
more	O
commonly	O
than	O
in	O
the	O
nonpregnant	O
population	O
.	O

When	O
the	O
phage	O
-	O
ELISA	O
was	O
compared	O
to	O
conventional	O
antibody	B-COMP
-	O
based	O
ELISA	O
for	O
detecting	O
infections	B-DISO
,	O
phage	O
-	O
ELISA	O
exhibited	O
greater	O
sensitivity	O
.	O

These	O
results	O
indicate	O
that	O
pepTGEV	O
-	O
M7	O
might	O
be	O
utilized	O
for	O
virus	B-SPEC
-	O
specific	O
diagnostics	O
and	O
treatment	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Interhuman	O
transmissibility	O
of	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
:	O
estimation	O
of	O
pandemic	O
risk	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
new	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
infection	B-DISO
shares	O
many	O
clinical	O
,	O
epidemiological	O
,	O
and	O
virological	O
similarities	O
with	O
that	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)-	O
CoV	O
.	O
We	O
aimed	O
to	O
estimate	O
virus	B-SPEC
transmissibility	O
and	O
the	O
epidemic	O
potential	O
of	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
,	O
and	O
to	O
compare	O
the	O
results	O
with	O
similar	O
findings	O
obtained	O
for	O
prepandemic	O
SARS	B-DISO
.	O

We	O
retrieved	O
data	O
for	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
clusters	B-CHED
from	O
the	O
WHO	O
summary	O
and	O
subsequent	O
reports	O
,	O
and	O
published	O
descriptions	O
of	O
cases	O
,	O
and	O
took	O
into	O
account	O
55	O
of	O
the	O
64	O
laboratory	O
-	O
confirmed	O
cases	O
of	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
reported	O
as	O
of	O
June	O
21	O
,	O
2013	O
,	O
excluding	O
cases	O
notified	O
in	O
the	O
previous	O
2	O
weeks	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Molecular	O
basis	O
of	O
binding	B-FUNC
between	O
novel	O
human	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
and	O
its	O
receptor	O
CD26	B-PRGE
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
newly	O
emergent	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
can	O
cause	O
severe	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
in	O
humans	B-SPEC
,	O
representing	O
the	O
second	O
example	O
of	O
a	O
highly	O
pathogenic	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
,	O
the	O
first	O
being	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
.	O
CD26	B-PRGE
(	O
also	O
known	O
as	O
dipeptidyl	B-PRGE
peptidase	I-PRGE
4	I-PRGE
,	O
DPP4	B-PRGE
)	O
was	O
recently	O
identified	O
as	O
the	O
cellular	B-COMP
receptor	O
for	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
.	O
The	O
engagement	O
of	O
the	O
MERS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
spike	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
with	O
CD26	B-PRGE
mediates	O
viral	O
attachment	O
to	O
host	B-COMP
cells	B-COMP
and	O
virus	B-SPEC
-	O
cell	B-PROC
fusion	I-PROC
,	O
thereby	O
initiating	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

Furthermore	O
,	O
binding	B-FUNC
between	O
the	O
RBD	O
and	O
CD26	B-PRGE
is	O
measured	O
using	O
real	O
-	O
time	O
surface	O
plasmon	O
resonance	O
with	O
a	O
dissociation	B-DISO
constant	O
of	O
16	O
.	O
7	O
nM	O
.	O
The	O
viral	O
RBD	O
is	O
composed	O
of	O
a	O
core	O
subdomain	O
homologous	O
to	O
that	O
of	O
the	O
SARS	O
-	O
CoV	O
spike	O
protein	B-CHED
,	O
and	O
a	O
unique	O
strand	O
-	O
dominated	O
external	O
receptor	B-FUNC
binding	I-FUNC
motif	O
that	O
recognizes	O
blades	O
IV	O
and	O
V	O
of	O
the	O
CD26	B-PRGE
β	I-PRGE
-	O
propeller	O
.	O

The	O
atomic	O
details	O
at	O
the	O
interface	O
between	O
the	O
two	O
binding	B-FUNC
entities	O
reveal	O
a	O
surprising	O
protein	B-CHED
-	O
protein	B-CHED
contact	O
mediated	O
mainly	O
by	O
hydrophilic	O
residues	O
.	O

From	O
2006	O
to	O
2009	O
,	O
at	O
least	O
21	O
%	O
of	O
117	O
patients	O
diagnosed	O
with	O
HV	O
infection	B-DISO
had	O
HV	O
Fever	B-PROC
(	O
HF	O
)	O
with	O
no	O
evidence	O
of	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
edema	I-DISO
(	O
no	O
respiratory	B-DISO
distress	I-DISO
or	O
radiographic	O
lung	B-ANAT
infiltrates	B-DISO
),	O
and	O
44	O
%	O
of	O
patients	O
had	O
very	O
mild	O
HPS	B-DISO
(	O
radiographic	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
edema	I-DISO
but	O
no	O
respiratory	B-DISO
insufficiency	I-DISO
).	O

Another	O
patient	O
developed	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
and	O
was	O
admitted	O
to	O
the	O
ICU	O
.	O

No	O
patient	O
died	B-PROC
of	O
AP	O
during	O
the	O
study	O
period	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
avian	O
coronavirus	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
IBV	B-SPEC
)	O
is	O
the	O
causative	O
agent	O
of	O
the	O
respiratory	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
of	O
domestic	O
fowl	O
,	O
and	O
is	O
controlled	O
by	O
routine	O
vaccination	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
On	O
29	O
March	O
2013	O
,	O
the	O
Chinese	O
Center	O
for	O
Disease	O
Control	O
and	O
Prevention	O
confirmed	O
the	O
first	O
reported	O
case	O
of	O
human	O
infection	B-DISO
with	O
an	O
avian	B-DISO
influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
(	O
H7N9	O
)	O
virus	B-SPEC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
The	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
does	O
not	O
replicate	O
in	O
Syrian	B-SPEC
hamsters	I-SPEC
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Compared	O
to	O
patients	O
with	O
mild	O
ARDS	B-DISO
,	O
patients	O
with	O
moderate	O
and	O
severe	O
ARDS	B-DISO
had	O
higher	O
acute	O
physiology	O
and	O
chronic	O
health	O
evaluation	O
II	O
and	O
sequential	O
organ	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
assessment	O
scores	O
on	O
the	O
day	O
of	O
enrollment	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
High	O
-	O
frequency	O
oscillation	O
and	O
tracheal	O
gas	B-ENZY
insufflation	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
and	O
traumatic	O
brain	B-ANAT
injury	O
:	O
an	O
interventional	O
physiological	O
study	O
.	O

Arterial	O
/	O
central	O
-	O
venous	B-ANAT
blood	I-ANAT
gases	O
,	O
hemodynamics	B-PROC
,	O
and	O
ICP	B-DISO
were	O
recorded	O
before	O
,	O
during	O
(	O
every	O
4	O
hours	O
),	O
and	O
after	O
HFO	O
-	O
TGI	O
,	O
and	O
were	O
analyzed	O
by	O
using	O
repeated	O
measures	O
analysis	O
of	O
variance	O
.	O

Respiratory	B-PROC
mechanics	I-PROC
were	O
assessed	O
before	O
and	O
after	O
HFO	O
-	O
TGI	O
.	O

After	O
acid	O
aspiration	B-DISO
,	O
computed	O
tomography	O
scans	O
revealed	O
that	O
lung	B-ANAT
density	O
had	O
increased	O
in	O
the	O
injured	O
regions	O
and	O
that	O
these	O
regions	O
colocalized	O
with	O
areas	O
of	O
increased	O
blood	B-PROC
flow	I-PROC
.	O

Twenty	O
-	O
five	O
children	O
(	O
1	O
month	O
<	O
age	O
<	O
17	O
years	O
)	O
admitted	O
to	O
a	O
university	O
hospital	O
pediatric	O
intensive	O
care	O
unit	O
(	O
ICU	O
)	O
with	O
ARDS	B-DISO
and	O
submitted	O
to	O
HFOV	O
for	O
a	O
minimum	O
of	O
48	O
hours	O
after	O
failure	O
of	O
conventional	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
were	O
assessed	O
.	O

Twenty	O
eight	O
days	O
after	O
the	O
onset	O
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
,	O
the	O
mortality	O
rate	O
was	O
52	O
%	O
(	O
13	O
/	O
25	O
).	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Coronavirus	B-SPEC
encodes	O
an	O
extensively	O
phosphorylated	O
and	O
highly	O
basic	O
nucleocapsid	B-COMP
(	O
N	O
)	O
protein	B-CHED
.	O

Introduction	O
of	O
Ala	B-CHED
substitutions	O
at	O
these	O
two	O
sites	O
individually	O
,	O
in	O
combination	O
of	O
the	O
two	O
and	O
together	O
with	O
other	O
two	O
sites	O
(	O
Ser190	O
and	O
Ser192	O
)	O
into	O
an	O
infectious	B-DISO
IBV	B-SPEC
clone	O
did	O
not	O
affect	O
recovery	O
of	O
the	O
recombinant	O
viruses	B-SPEC
containing	O
the	O
mutations	O
.	O

A	O
mutant	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
rIBV	O
-	O
Nm4	O
)	O
carrying	O
the	O
four	O
Ala	B-CHED
substitutions	O
grew	O
at	O
a	O
similar	O
,	O
if	O
not	O
better	O
,	O
growth	B-PROC
rate	O
as	O
wild	O
type	O
virus	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
the	O
burden	O
of	O
certain	O
respiratory	O
viruses	B-SPEC
,	O
such	O
as	O
coronaviruses	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
relevance	O
of	O
viral	O
coinfections	B-DISO
remain	O
unclear	O
.	O

In	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
we	O
investigated	O
the	O
distribution	O
and	O
seasonal	O
occurrences	O
of	O
respiratory	O
viruses	B-SPEC
detected	O
by	O
multiplex	O
molecular	O
assay	O
in	O
6	O
,	O
014	O
samples	O
from	O
2008	O
to	O
2011	O
in	O
a	O
French	O
hospital	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Acute	O
generalized	O
exanthematous	O
pustulosis	O
(	O
AGEP	B-DISO
)	O
is	O
a	O
severe	O
cutaneous	O
adverse	O
reaction	O
characterized	O
by	O
rash	B-DISO
with	O
sterile	B-DISO
pustules	O
,	O
high	O
fever	B-PROC
and	O
elevated	O
circulating	O
neutrophil	B-ANAT
counts	O
.	O

Western	O
blot	O
analysis	O
was	O
used	O
to	O
validate	O
the	O
changes	O
of	O
alpha	B-PRGE
tubulin	I-PRGE
,	O
keratin	B-PRGE
19	I-PRGE
,	O
and	O
prohibitin	B-PRGE
during	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
.	O

To	O
our	O
knowledge	O
,	O
we	O
have	O
performed	O
the	O
first	O
analysis	O
of	O
the	O
proteomic	O
changes	O
in	O
host	B-COMP
cell	I-COMP
during	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
.	O

Western	O
blot	O
analysis	O
was	O
used	O
to	O
validate	O
the	O
changes	O
of	O
alpha	B-PRGE
tubulin	I-PRGE
,	O
keratin	B-PRGE
19	I-PRGE
,	O
and	O
prohibitin	B-PRGE
during	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
.	O

A	O
dynamic	O
respiratory	O
control	O
system	O
is	O
critical	O
to	O
successful	O
adaptation	B-PROC
in	O
the	O
face	B-DISO
of	O
progressive	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
pathology	I-DISO
.	O

Over	O
time	O
,	O
adaptations	B-PROC
of	O
the	O
respiratory	O
control	O
system	O
to	O
this	O
disease	O
include	O
changes	O
in	O
the	O
intrinsic	O
properties	O
of	O
respiratory	B-ANAT
muscles	I-ANAT
,	O
chemoreceptor	B-ANAT
signaling	B-PROC
,	O
and	O
central	O
respiratory	O
drive	O
which	O
increase	O
motor	O
output	O
to	O
the	O
respiratory	B-ANAT
muscles	I-ANAT
.	O

In	O
patients	O
with	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
,	O
data	O
indicating	O
a	O
protective	O
effect	O
of	O
ASA	B-CHED
are	O
less	O
convincing	O
.	O

Five	O
hours	O
after	O
LPS	O
,	O
bronchoalveolar	B-ANAT
lavage	I-ANAT
fluid	I-ANAT
(	O
BALF	O
)	O
and	O
plasma	B-ANAT
were	O
obtained	O
.	O

The	O
28	O
-	O
day	O
mortality	O
and	O
number	O
of	O
days	O
free	O
of	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
were	O
statistically	O
similar	O
between	O
the	O
groups	O
.	O

In	O
this	O
prospective	O
multicenter	O
study	O
,	O
200	O
patients	O
submitted	O
to	O
protective	O
ventilation	O
for	O
early	O
moderate	O
to	O
severe	O
ARDS	B-DISO
[	O
PaO₂	B-PRGE
/	O
F	O
(	O
I	O
)	O
O₂	O
:	O
115	O
±	O
39	O
with	O
F	O
(	O
I	O
)	O
O₂	O
:	O
1	O
;	O
positive	O
end	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
expiratory	I-PROC
pressure	O
(	O
PEEP	B-CHED
):	O
10	O
.	O
6	O
±	O
3	O
.	O
1	O
cmH2O	O
]	O
underwent	O
transthoracic	O
(	O
TTE	O
)	O
and	O
transesophageal	O
echocardiography	O
(	O
TEE	O
)	O
<	O
48	O
h	O
after	O
admission	O
.	O

Plateau	O
pressure	O
(	O
OR	O
1	O
.	O
15	O
;	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
1	O
.	O
05	O
-	O
1	O
.	O
26	O
;	O
p	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
01	O
)	O
and	O
air	B-CHED
leaks	O
(	O
OR	O
5	O
.	O
48	O
;	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
1	O
.	O
30	O
-	O
22	O
.	O
99	O
;	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
02	O
),	O
but	O
neither	O
ACP	B-DISO
nor	O
PFO	B-CHED
,	O
were	O
independently	O
associated	O
with	O
outcome	O
.	O

We	O
performed	O
a	O
retrospective	O
study	O
of	O
all	O
patients	O
treated	O
with	O
ECLS	O
at	O
our	O
institution	O
for	O
severe	O
ARDS	B-DISO
as	O
a	O
result	O
of	O
Legionella	B-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
from	O
1994	O
to	O
2006	O
.	O

A	O
total	O
of	O
twelve	O
patients	O
with	O
a	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
Legionella	B-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
were	O
treated	O
with	O
veno	O
-	O
venous	B-ANAT
(	O
VV	O
)	O
ECLS	O
over	O
this	O
time	O
period	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Microglia	B-ANAT
are	O
the	O
resident	O
macrophage	O
-	O
like	O
populations	O
in	O
the	O
central	B-ANAT
nervous	I-ANAT
system	I-ANAT
(	O
CNS	B-CHED
).	O

Despite	O
the	O
fact	O
that	O
more	O
than	O
one	O
FCoV	O
was	O
identified	O
in	O
this	O
multi	O
-	O
cat	B-SPEC
environment	O
,	O
the	O
eight	O
FIP	B-DISO
cats	B-SPEC
were	O
invariably	O
found	O
to	O
be	O
infected	O
with	O
a	O
type	O
II	O
FCoV	O
.	O
Sequence	O
analysis	O
revealed	O
that	O
the	O
type	O
II	O
FIPV	O
detected	O
from	O
fecal	O
samples	O
,	O
body	B-ANAT
effusions	B-DISO
and	O
granulomatous	O
tissue	B-ANAT
homogenates	O
from	O
the	O
cats	B-SPEC
that	O
succumbed	O
to	O
FIP	B-DISO
all	O
harbored	O
an	O
identical	O
recombination	B-PROC
site	O
in	O
their	O
S	O
gene	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
antibody	B-COMP
and	O
cellular	B-PROC
immune	I-PROC
responses	I-PROC
against	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
IBV	B-SPEC
)	O
were	O
evaluated	O
at	O
mucosal	B-ANAT
sites	O
of	O
chickens	B-SPEC
after	O
immunization	O
with	O
various	O
doses	O
of	O
an	O
attenuated	O
vaccine	O
at	O
1	O
day	O
of	O
age	O
.	O

The	O
correlation	O
of	O
these	O
immune	B-PROC
responses	I-PROC
with	O
protection	O
of	O
tracheal	O
tissues	B-ANAT
was	O
evaluated	O
after	O
experimental	O
infection	B-DISO
of	O
these	O
birds	B-SPEC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Mobilization	O
of	O
endothelial	B-ANAT
progenitor	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
from	O
bone	B-ANAT
marrow	I-ANAT
is	O
impaired	B-DISO
in	O
a	O
piglet	O
model	O
of	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
distress	O
syndrome	O
.	O

The	O
number	O
of	O
CD34KDR	O
,	O
KDRCD133	O
,	O
and	O
CD34KDRCD133	O
cells	B-COMP
was	O
higher	O
in	O
the	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
group	O
than	O
in	O
the	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
group	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
A	O
sorghum	B-SPEC
xylanase	B-PROC
inhibitor	B-CHED
-	I-PRGE
like	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
with	O
highly	O
potent	O
antifungal	B-CHED
,	O
antitumor	O
and	O
HIV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
1	I-SPEC
reverse	O
transcriptase	O
inhibitory	O
activities	O
.	O

XILP	O
inhibited	O
proliferation	B-DISO
of	O
various	O
cancer	B-ANAT
cell	B-COMP
lines	O
but	O
did	O
not	O
do	O
so	O
in	O
human	B-SPEC
embryonic	B-ANAT
liver	B-ANAT
(	O
WRL	O
68	O
)	O
cells	B-COMP
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
This	O
study	O
was	O
performed	O
to	O
clarify	O
the	O
acute	B-DISO
phase	I-DISO
response	I-DISO
following	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
inoculation	O
.	O

In	O
the	O
serum	B-COMP
the	O
acute	O
phase	O
proteins	O
(	O
haptoglobin	B-PRGE
and	O
serum	B-COMP
amyloid	B-DISO
A	O
),	O
pro	B-CHED
-	O
inflammatory	O
cytokines	O
(	O
interferon	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
γ	I-PRGE
and	O
tumor	B-PRGE
necrosis	I-PRGE
factor	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
α	I-PRGE
),	O
and	O
serum	B-COMP
sialic	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
(	O
total	O
,	O
TSA	B-FUNC
;	O
lipid	B-CHED
-	O
bound	O
,	O
LBSA	O
;	O
and	O
protein	B-CHED
-	O
bound	O
,	O
PBSA	O
)	O
concentrations	O
were	O
measured	O
using	O
validated	O
standard	O
procedures	O
.	O

All	O
variables	O
were	O
significantly	O
higher	O
in	O
the	O
infected	O
birds	B-SPEC
after	O
virus	B-SPEC
inoculation	O
compared	O
with	O
the	O
healthy	O
group	O
(	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
).	O

Peak	O
Flow	O
-	O
test	O
is	O
a	O
useful	O
predictive	O
factor	O
of	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
by	O
its	O
easy	O
management	O
.	O

To	O
understand	O
the	O
effect	O
of	O
transport	O
-	O
related	O
infection	B-DISO
on	O
disease	O
spread	O
,	O
an	O
SEIRS	O
(	O
Susceptible	O
,	O
Exposed	O
,	O
Infectious	B-DISO
,	O
Recovered	O
)	O
epidemic	O
model	O
for	O
two	O
cities	O
is	O
formulated	O
and	O
analyzed	O
.	O

If	O
the	O
basic	O
reproduction	B-PROC
number	O
is	O
below	O
unity	O
,	O
the	O
disease	O
-	O
free	O
equilibrium	B-PROC
is	O
locally	O
asymptotically	O
stable	O
.	O

Bacterially	O
expressed	B-PROC
VP3	O
-	O
CTD	O
exhibited	O
2	O
',	O
5	B-PROC
'-	I-PROC
PDE	I-PROC
activity	I-PROC
,	O
which	O
cleaved	B-ANAT
2	O
-	O
5A	O
in	O
vitro	O
.	O

Acute	B-DISO
renal	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
(	O
ARF	B-DISO
)	O
secondary	O
to	O
obstructive	B-DISO
uropathy	I-DISO
is	O
rare	O
.	O

Among	O
the	O
potential	O
viral	O
drug	O
targets	O
,	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
3C	B-PRGE
like	I-PRGE
proteases	I-PRGE
(	O
3Cl	O
)	O
have	O
emerged	O
as	O
the	O
most	O
popular	O
drug	O
target	O
.	O

Twelve	O
percent	O
of	O
the	O
positive	O
samples	O
were	O
positive	O
for	O
multiple	O
analytes	O
,	O
with	O
Rhino	O
/	O
Entero	O
and	O
RSV	B-SPEC
being	O
the	O
most	O
common	O
combination	O
.	O

hMPV	B-SPEC
peaked	O
2	O
months	O
after	O
RSV	B-SPEC
,	O
as	O
has	O
been	O
observed	O
recently	O
in	O
other	O
studies	O
.	O

No	O
evidence	O
indicated	O
that	O
'	O
high	O
'-	O
dose	O
PLV	O
either	O
reduced	O
mortality	O
at	O
28	O
d	O
(	O
risk	O
ratio	O
(	O
RR	O
)	O
1	O
.	O
21	O
,	O
95	O
%	O
confidence	O
interval	O
(	O
CI	O
)	O
0	O
.	O
79	O
to	O
1	O
.	O
85	O
,	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
37	O
)	O
or	O
increased	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
days	O
free	O
of	O
CMV	B-SPEC
at	O
28	O
d	O
(	O
mean	O
difference	O
(	O
MD	O
)	O
-	O
2	O
.	O
24	O
,	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
-	O
4	O
.	O
71	O
to	O
0	O
.	O
23	O
,	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
08	O
).	O

Pooled	O
estimates	O
of	O
effect	O
for	O
the	O
following	O
adverse	O
events	O
-	O
hypoxia	B-DISO
,	O
pneumothorax	B-DISO
,	O
hypotension	O
and	O
cardiac	B-DISO
arrest	I-DISO
-	O
all	O
showed	O
a	O
nonsignificant	O
trend	O
towards	O
a	O
higher	O
occurrence	O
of	O
these	O
events	O
in	O
those	O
treated	O
with	O
PLV	O
.	O

Acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
is	O
a	O
rare	O
complication	B-DISO
with	O
gemcitabine	B-CHED
,	O
but	O
is	O
sometimes	O
fatal	O
.	O

We	O
describe	O
a	O
cured	O
case	O
of	O
acute	O
,	O
severe	O
gemcitabine	B-CHED
-	O
induced	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
toxicity	I-DISO
.	O

There	O
was	O
no	O
increase	O
in	O
β	O
-	O
D	O
-	O
glucan	B-CHED
,	O
and	O
cytomegalovirus	B-SPEC
antigenemia	O
assays	O
were	O
negative	O
.	O

Considering	O
these	O
data	O
,	O
we	O
diagnosed	O
eosinophilic	O
pneumonia	O
induced	O
by	O
gemcitabine	B-CHED
.	O

Physicians	O
should	O
be	O
cognizant	O
of	O
the	O
possible	O
association	O
of	O
serious	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
toxicity	I-DISO
with	O
gemcitabine	B-CHED
treatment	O
.	O

Understanding	O
global	O
population	O
movements	B-PROC
out	O
of	O
the	O
Middle	O
East	O
through	O
the	O
end	O
of	O
this	O
year	O
'	O
s	O
Hajj	O
could	O
help	O
direct	O
anticipatory	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
surveillance	O
and	O
public	O
health	O
preparedness	O
to	O
mitigate	O
its	O
potential	O
global	O
health	O
and	O
economic	O
impacts	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
16	O
.	O
8	O
million	O
travelers	O
flew	O
on	O
commercial	O
flights	O
out	O
of	O
Saudi	O
Arabia	O
,	O
Jordan	O
,	O
Qatar	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
United	O
Arab	O
Emirates	O
between	O
June	O
and	O
November	O
2012	O
,	O
of	O
which	O
51	O
.	O
6	O
%	O
were	O
destined	O
for	O
India	O
(	O
16	O
.	O
3	O
%),	O
Egypt	O
(	O
10	O
.	O
4	O
%),	O
Pakistan	O
(	O
7	O
.	O
8	O
%),	O
the	O
United	O
Kingdom	B-SPEC
(	O
4	O
.	O
3	O
%),	O
Kuwait	O
(	O
3	O
.	O
6	O
%),	O
Bangladesh	O
(	O
3	O
.	O
1	O
%),	O
Iran	O
(	O
3	O
.	O
1	O
%)	O
and	O
Bahrain	O
(	O
2	O
.	O
9	O
%).	O

A	O
variety	O
of	O
infectious	B-DISO
agents	O
are	O
implicated	O
in	O
calf	B-ANAT
diarrhea	B-DISO
and	O
co	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
of	O
multiple	O
pathogens	O
is	O
not	O
uncommon	O
in	O
diarrheic	O
calves	O
.	O

Samples	O
were	O
tested	O
by	O
a	O
panel	O
of	O
multiplex	O
PCR	O
assays	O
for	O
11	O
enteric	O
pathogens	O
:	O
bovine	B-SPEC
rotavirus	B-SPEC
group	I-SPEC
A	I-SPEC
(	O
BRV	B-DISO
-	O
A	O
),	O
bovine	B-SPEC
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
BCoV	O
),	O
bovine	B-SPEC
viral	I-SPEC
diarrhea	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
BVDV	B-SPEC
),	O
bovine	B-SPEC
enterovirus	I-SPEC
(	O
BEV	B-SPEC
),	O
bovine	B-SPEC
norovirus	B-SPEC
(	O
BNoV	O
),	O
Nebovirus	B-SPEC
,	O
bovine	B-PRGE
torovirus	I-PRGE
(	I-PRGE
BToV	I-PRGE
)	I-PRGE
Salmonella	B-DISO
spp	B-ENZY
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Single	O
particle	O
assay	O
of	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
membrane	B-PROC
fusion	I-PROC
with	O
proteinaceous	O
receptor	O
-	O
embedded	O
supported	O
bilayers	O
.	O

Here	O
we	O
describe	O
a	O
general	O
method	O
to	O
integrate	O
proteinaceous	O
receptors	O
and	O
cellular	B-COMP
components	O
into	O
supported	O
bilayers	O
for	O
SPT	B-FUNC
fusion	O
studies	O
.	O

SPT	B-FUNC
is	O
then	O
used	O
to	O
identify	O
fusion	O
intermediates	O
and	O
measure	O
membrane	O
fusion	O
kinetics	O
for	O
FCoV	O
.	O
Overall	O
,	O
the	O
fusion	O
results	O
recapitulate	O
what	O
is	O
observed	O
in	O
vivo	O
,	O
that	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
entry	O
requires	O
binding	B-FUNC
to	O
specific	O
receptors	O
,	O
a	O
low	O
-	O
pH	O
environment	O
,	O
and	O
that	O
membrane	B-PROC
fusion	I-PROC
is	O
receptor	O
-	O
and	O
protease	O
-	O
dependent	O
.	O

Moreover	O
,	O
the	O
platform	O
offers	O
versatile	O
,	O
precise	O
control	O
over	O
the	O
sequence	O
of	O
triggers	O
for	O
fusion	O
;	O
these	O
triggers	O
may	O
define	O
the	O
fusion	O
pathway	B-PROC
,	O
tissue	B-PROC
tropism	B-PROC
,	O
and	O
pathogenicity	O
of	O
coronaviruses	O
.	O

Systematically	O
varying	O
these	O
triggers	O
in	O
this	O
platform	O
provides	O
a	O
new	O
route	O
to	O
study	O
how	O
viruses	B-SPEC
rapidly	O
adapt	O
to	O
other	O
hosts	B-COMP
,	O
and	O
to	O
identify	O
factors	O
that	O
led	O
to	O
the	O
emergence	O
of	O
zoonotic	O
viruses	B-SPEC
,	O
such	O
as	O
human	B-SPEC
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
and	O
the	O
newly	O
emerging	O
human	B-SPEC
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Novel	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
infections	O
in	O
Jordan	O
,	O
April	O
2012	O
:	O
epidemiological	O
findings	O
from	O
a	O
retrospective	O
investigation	O
.	O

This	O
paper	O
describes	O
the	O
epidemiological	O
findings	O
of	O
retrospective	O
investigation	O
carried	O
out	O
in	O
November	O
2012	O
and	O
highlights	O
the	O
likelihood	O
of	O
nosocomial	O
transmission	O
of	O
nCoV	O
infection	B-DISO
in	O
a	O
health	O
-	O
care	O
setting	O
.	O

Additional	O
recommendations	O
were	O
made	O
to	O
improve	O
surveillance	O
capacity	O
by	O
acquiring	O
the	O
capacity	O
to	O
test	O
for	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
and	O
enhance	O
syndromic	O
surveillance	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Novel	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
:	O
the	O
challenge	O
of	O
communicating	O
about	O
a	O
virus	B-SPEC
which	O
one	O
knows	O
little	O
about	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Novel	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
infection	O
in	O
the	O
eastern	O
mediterranean	O
region	O
:	O
time	O
to	O
act	O
.	O

Opportunistic	O
airborne	O
transmission	O
may	O
occur	O
when	O
conducting	B-PROC
highrisk	O
aerosol	O
generating	O
procedures	O
and	O
airborne	O
precautions	O
will	O
be	O
required	O
in	O
this	O
setting	O
.	O

General	O
infection	B-DISO
control	O
measures	O
effective	O
for	O
all	O
respiratory	O
viral	B-PROC
infections	I-PROC
are	O
reviewed	O
and	O
followed	O
by	O
discussion	O
on	O
some	O
of	O
the	O
common	O
viruses	B-SPEC
,	O
including	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
and	O
the	O
recently	O
discovered	O
novel	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
.	O

Although	O
,	O
nCoV	O
emerged	O
prior	O
to	O
the	O
2012	O
Hajj	O
pilgrimage	O
season	O
,	O
Muslims	O
completed	O
their	O
religious	O
duty	O
without	O
acquiring	O
infections	B-DISO
by	O
nCoV	O
.	O
Clearly	O
,	O
the	O
global	O
nature	O
of	O
mass	O
gatherings	O
and	O
their	O
potential	O
risks	O
to	O
international	O
health	O
make	O
it	O
imperative	O
that	O
research	O
on	O
such	O
events	O
and	O
guidelines	O
produced	O
for	O
their	O
management	O
are	O
relevant	O
to	O
diverse	O
contexts	O
and	O
are	O
a	O
collaborative	O
effort	O
between	O
global	O
experts	O
.	O

A	O
total	O
of	O
30	O
cases	O
,	O
of	O
whom	O
18	O
have	O
died	B-PROC
,	O
and	O
at	O
least	O
3	O
clusters	B-CHED
have	O
been	O
detected	O
to	O
date	O
(	O
1	O
cluster	O
among	O
health	O
-	O
care	O
workers	O
and	O
another	O
2	O
clusters	B-CHED
among	O
family	B-SPEC
members	O
).	O

To	O
assess	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
co	O
-	O
morbidities	O
,	O
we	O
used	O
infant	O
pulmonary	B-PROC
function	I-PROC
testing	O
through	O
the	O
raised	O
volume	O
rapid	O
thoracoabdominal	O
compression	O
technique	O
as	O
both	O
an	O
established	O
study	O
of	O
early	O
cystic	B-DISO
fibrosis	I-DISO
and	O
also	O
as	O
a	O
newer	O
study	O
of	O
mechanism	O
for	O
early	O
sickle	B-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
lung	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
.	O

Infant	O
pulmonary	B-PROC
function	I-PROC
testing	O
data	O
demonstrated	O
moderate	O
-	O
to	O
-	O
severe	O
lower	O
airways	B-DISO
obstruction	I-DISO
,	O
moderate	O
air	B-DISO
trapping	I-DISO
,	O
and	O
no	O
evidence	O
of	O
restrictive	B-DISO
lung	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
.	O

At	O
72	O
hours	O
post	O
inoculation	O
,	O
HCoV	O
-	O
HKU1	O
infection	B-DISO
of	O
type	O
II	O
cells	B-COMP
induced	O
increased	O
levels	O
of	O
mRNAs	B-PRGE
encoding	I-PRGE
IL29	I-PRGE
,	O
CXCL10	B-PRGE
,	O
CCL5	B-PRGE
,	O
and	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
6	I-FUNC
with	O
no	O
significant	O
increases	O
in	O
the	O
levels	O
of	O
IFNβ	O
.	O

We	O
show	O
that	O
HLH	B-DISO
may	O
present	O
by	O
masquerading	O
as	O
surgical	O
disease	O
or	O
as	O
a	O
postoperative	B-DISO
complication	I-DISO
leading	O
to	O
delays	O
in	O
diagnosis	O
and	O
treatment	O
.	O

Four	O
children	O
with	O
different	O
clinical	O
presentations	O
(	O
1	O
.	O
neonatal	O
abdominal	B-ANAT
distension	B-DISO
,	O
2	O
.	O

In	O
the	O
absence	O
of	O
explanation	O
for	O
their	O
symptoms	O
and	O
deteriorating	O
clinical	O
condition	B-DISO
,	O
a	O
total	O
of	O
six	O
'	O
negative	O
'	O
exploratory	O
laparotomies	O
were	O
performed	O
.	O

This	O
diagnosis	O
should	O
be	O
considered	O
in	O
children	O
with	O
unexplained	O
prolonged	O
fever	B-PROC
,	O
hepatosplenomegaly	B-DISO
and	O
pancytopenia	B-DISO
,	O
especially	O
if	O
associated	O
with	O
high	O
ferritin	B-PRGE
levels	O
.	O

Most	O
relevant	O
citations	O
were	O
peer	O
-	O
reviewed	O
journal	O
articles	O
(	O
29	O
/	O
32	O
,	O
91	O
%)	O
published	O
in	O
2010	O
-	O
11	O
(	O
28	O
/	O
32	O
,	O
88	O
%)	O
and	O
reported	O
use	O
of	O
a	O
Google	O
program	O
for	O
surveillance	O
of	O
influenza	B-DISO
.	O

Most	O
authors	O
(	O
21	O
/	O
32	O
articles	O
,	O
66	O
%)	O
reported	O
that	O
social	O
media	B-ANAT
-	O
based	O
surveillance	O
had	O
comparable	O
performance	O
when	O
compared	O
to	O
an	O
existing	O
surveillance	O
program	O
.	O

The	O
importance	O
of	O
this	O
sialic	B-FUNC
acid	I-FUNC
binding	I-FUNC
ability	O
during	O
infection	B-DISO
is	O
,	O
however	O
,	O
quite	O
different	O
.	O

An	O
infection	B-DISO
with	O
a	O
novel	O
human	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
was	O
confirmed	O
and	O
found	O
to	O
be	O
the	O
reason	O
for	O
rapidly	O
progressive	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
of	O
our	O
patient	O
.	O

After	O
challenge	O
,	O
neither	O
mortality	O
nor	O
notable	O
clinical	O
signs	O
of	O
MD	O
,	O
ND	O
,	O
or	O
IB	O
were	O
observed	O
in	O
the	O
vaccinated	O
birds	B-SPEC
.	O

The	O
experimental	O
bivalent	O
MDV	O
vaccine	O
proved	O
efficacious	O
against	O
lethal	O
MDV	O
challenge	O
and	O
did	O
not	O
affect	O
the	O
efficacy	O
of	O
the	O
NDV	O
or	O
IBV	B-SPEC
vaccines	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Impact	O
of	O
severe	O
postoperative	B-DISO
complications	I-DISO
after	O
cardiac	B-ANAT
surgery	O
on	O
mortality	O
in	O
patients	O
aged	O
over	O
80	O
years	O
.	O

Between	O
January	O
1998	O
and	O
December	O
2007	O
,	O
649	O
patients	O
aged	O
over	O
80	O
years	O
received	O
isolated	O
first	O
-	O
time	O
coronary	B-ANAT
artery	I-ANAT
bypass	O
graft	B-ANAT
(	O
CABG	O
),	O
isolated	O
aortic	B-ANAT
valve	I-ANAT
replacement	O
(	O
AVR	O
)	O
or	O
a	O
combination	O
of	O
both	O
in	O
our	O
institute	O
.	O

A	O
multivariate	O
analysis	O
revealed	O
that	O
advanced	O
age	O
(	O
OR	O
1	O
.	O
130	O
,	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
;	O
1	O
.	O
017	O
-	O
1	O
.	O
256	O
,	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
023	O
),	O
low	O
output	O
syndrome	O
(	O
OR	O
5	O
.	O
094	O
,	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
;	O
1	O
.	O
1635	O
-	O
15	O
.	O
871	O
,	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
005	O
),	O
renal	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
(	O
OR	O
8	O
.	O
128	O
,	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
;	O
3	O
.	O
347	O
-	O
19	O
.	O
742	O
,	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
0001	O
)	O
and	O
sepsis	B-DISO
(	O
OR	O
4	O
.	O
975	O
,	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
;	O
1	O
.	O
420	O
-	O
17	O
.	O
426	O
,	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
012	O
)	O
as	O
independent	O
risk	O
factors	O
.	O

A	O
multivariate	O
analysis	O
revealed	O
that	O
advanced	O
age	O
(	O
OR	O
1	O
.	O
130	O
,	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
;	O
1	O
.	O
017	O
-	O
1	O
.	O
256	O
,	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
023	O
),	O
low	O
output	O
syndrome	B-DISO
(	O
OR	O
5	O
.	O
094	O
,	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
;	O
1	O
.	O
1635	O
-	O
15	O
.	O
871	O
,	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
005	O
),	O
renal	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
(	O
OR	O
8	O
.	O
128	O
,	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
;	O
3	O
.	O
347	O
-	O
19	O
.	O
742	O
,	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
0001	O
)	O
and	O
sepsis	B-DISO
(	O
OR	O
4	O
.	O
975	O
,	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
;	O
1	O
.	O
420	O
-	O
17	O
.	O
426	O
,	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
012	O
)	O
as	O
independent	O
risk	O
factors	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
is	O
a	O
serious	O
complication	B-DISO
of	O
sepsis	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
sepsis	B-DISO
-	O
associated	O
ARDS	B-DISO
is	O
associated	O
with	O
significant	O
morbidity	O
and	O
mortality	O
.	O

Elevated	O
serum	B-COMP
lactate	B-CHED
levels	O
in	O
the	O
ED	O
and	O
a	O
recently	O
validated	O
clinical	O
prediction	O
score	O
were	O
independently	O
associated	O
with	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
in	O
severe	B-DISO
sepsis	I-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
role	O
of	O
hepatic	O
CD69	O
+	O
natural	O
killer	O
(	O
NK	O
)	O
cells	B-COMP
in	O
virus	B-SPEC
-	O
induced	O
severe	O
liver	B-ANAT
injury	O
and	O
subsequent	O
hepatic	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
is	O
not	O
well	O
defined	O
.	O

The	O
correlation	O
between	O
the	O
CD69	B-PRGE
level	O
in	O
hepatic	B-ANAT
NK	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
and	O
liver	B-ANAT
injury	O
was	O
studied	O
.	O

Meanwhile	O
,	O
the	O
CD69	B-PRGE
expression	B-PROC
in	O
hepatic	B-ANAT
NK	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
was	O
highly	O
correlated	O
with	O
the	O
serum	B-COMP
level	O
of	O
ALT	B-FUNC
and	O
AST	B-PRGE
.	O

In	O
contrast	O
,	O
the	O
NKG2A	B-PRGE
expression	B-PROC
was	O
increased	O
in	O
hepatic	B-ANAT
CD69	O
-	O
NK	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
but	O
not	O
in	O
CD69	B-ANAT
+	I-ANAT
NK	I-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
.	O

The	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
S	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
-	O
specific	O
phage	O
displayed	O
antigen	B-CHED
library	O
was	O
biopanned	O
and	O
screened	O
against	O
two	O
anti	O
-	O
S	O
mAbs	O
,	O
S	O
-	O
M1	O
and	O
S	O
-	O
M2	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Anti	O
-	O
SARS	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
agents	O
:	O
a	O
patent	O
review	O
(	O
2008	O
-	O
present	O
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
The	O
ORF4a	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
of	O
human	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
229E	I-SPEC
functions	O
as	O
a	O
viroporin	O
that	O
regulates	O
viral	O
production	O
.	O

The	O
ORF4a	O
proteins	B-CHED
formed	O
homo	B-SPEC
-	O
oligomers	O
through	O
disulfide	B-CHED
bridges	O
and	O
possessed	B-DISO
ion	B-FUNC
channel	I-FUNC
activity	I-FUNC
in	O
both	O
Xenopus	B-SPEC
oocytes	B-ANAT
and	O
yeast	B-SPEC
.	O

Furthermore	O
,	O
viral	O
production	O
decreased	O
when	O
the	O
ORF4a	O
protein	B-PROC
expression	B-PROC
was	O
suppressed	O
by	O
siRNA	O
in	O
infected	O
cells	B-COMP
.	O

Collectively	O
,	O
this	O
evidence	O
indicates	O
that	O
the	O
HCoV	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
229E	I-PRGE
ORF4a	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
is	O
functionally	O
analogous	O
to	O
the	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
3a	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
,	O
which	O
also	O
acts	O
as	O
a	O
viroporin	O
that	O
regulates	O
virus	B-SPEC
production	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
The	O
PRESERVE	O
mortality	O
risk	O
score	O
and	O
analysis	O
of	O
long	O
-	O
term	O
outcomes	O
after	O
extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-ANAT
oxygenation	B-PROC
for	O
severe	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

Based	O
on	O
multivariable	O
logistic	O
regression	O
analysis	O
,	O
the	O
PRESERVE	O
(	O
PRedicting	O
dEath	B-PROC
for	O
SEvere	O
ARDS	B-DISO
on	O
VV	O
-	O
ECMO	O
)	O
score	O
(	O
0	O
-	O
14	O
points	O
)	O
was	O
constructed	O
with	O
eight	O
pre	O
-	O
ECMO	O
parameters	O
,	O
i	O
.	O
e	O
.	O
age	O
,	O
body	B-ANAT
mass	O
index	O
,	O
immunocompromised	O
status	O
,	O
prone	O
positioning	O
,	O
days	O
of	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
,	O
sepsis	B-DISO
-	O
related	O
organ	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
assessment	O
,	O
plateau	O
pressure	O
andpositive	O
end	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
expiratory	I-PROC
pressure	O
.	O

The	O
PRESERVE	O
score	O
might	O
help	O
ICU	O
physicians	O
select	O
appropriate	O
candidates	O
for	O
ECMO	O
among	O
severe	O
ARDS	B-DISO
patients	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Of	O
2144	O
surveillance	O
samples	O
tested	O
,	O
1235	O
(	O
57	O
.	O
6	O
%)	O
were	O
positive	O
for	O
at	O
least	O
one	O
virus	B-SPEC
.	O

Cytologically	O
assessed	O
plasma	B-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
number	O
was	O
correlated	O
with	O
keratic	O
precipitates	O
and	O
disease	O
duration	O
.	O

Aqueous	B-DISO
humor	I-DISO
cytology	O
permitted	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
neoplasia	B-DISO
in	O
dogs	B-SPEC
with	O
anterior	B-DISO
uveitis	I-DISO
but	O
was	O
generally	O
not	O
helpful	O
in	O
cats	B-SPEC
.	O

Poor	O
correlation	O
between	O
clinical	O
and	O
cytologic	O
assessment	O
of	O
cell	B-COMP
numbers	O
and	O
type	O
within	O
the	O
anterior	B-ANAT
chamber	I-ANAT
dictates	O
that	O
clinical	O
grading	O
should	O
not	O
be	O
the	O
sole	B-ANAT
criterion	O
for	O
electing	O
to	O
perform	O
aqueocentesis	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Disease	O
duration	O
prior	O
to	O
aqueocentesis	O
was	O
not	O
significantly	O
different	O
between	O
dogs	B-SPEC
with	O
idiopathic	B-DISO
anterior	I-DISO
uveitis	I-DISO
and	O
those	O
with	O
an	O
etiologic	O
diagnosis	O
,	O
but	O
was	O
shorter	O
in	O
cats	B-SPEC
with	O
feline	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
peritonitis	I-DISO
(	O
FIP	B-DISO
)	O
than	O
those	O
with	O
idiopathic	O
uveitis	B-DISO
.	O

Thus	O
whether	O
aPC	B-COMP
will	O
continue	O
to	O
be	O
used	O
to	O
modulate	O
the	O
acute	B-DISO
inflammatory	I-DISO
response	I-DISO
in	O
humans	B-SPEC
remains	O
uncertain	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Infection	B-DISO
of	O
conventional	O
mice	B-SPEC
with	O
a	O
mouse	B-SPEC
adapted	O
(	O
MA15	O
)	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
CoV	O
)	O
reproduces	O
many	O
aspects	O
of	O
human	B-SPEC
SARS	B-DISO
such	O
as	O
pathological	O
changes	O
in	O
lung	B-ANAT
,	O
viremia	B-DISO
,	O
neutrophilia	O
,	O
and	O
lethality	O
.	O

No	O
hospital	O
or	O
other	O
social	O
contacts	O
are	O
known	O
to	O
have	O
acquired	O
the	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

It	O
appears	O
that	O
the	O
index	O
patient	O
in	O
this	O
cluster	O
acquired	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
infection	B-DISO
whilst	O
in	O
hospital	O
from	O
an	O
unrecognized	O
mild	O
or	O
asymptomatic	O
case	O
.	O

It	O
appears	O
that	O
the	O
index	O
patient	O
in	O
this	O
cluster	O
acquired	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
infection	B-DISO
whilst	O
in	O
hospital	O
from	O
an	O
unrecognized	O
mild	O
or	O
asymptomatic	O
case	O
.	O

This	O
is	O
an	O
open	O
,	O
controlled	O
,	O
non	O
-	O
randomized	O
interventional	O
study	O
of	O
ten	O
patients	O
with	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
and	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

In	O
addition	O
,	O
increasing	O
levels	O
of	O
positive	O
end	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
expiratory	I-PROC
pressure	O
systematically	O
increased	O
strain	O
along	O
the	O
sternovertebral	O
axis	B-SPEC
.	O

The	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
and	O
potential	O
threat	O
of	O
bat	B-ENZY
-	O
borne	O
viruses	B-SPEC
to	O
public	O
health	O
remains	O
largely	O
unknown	O
.	O

Some	O
of	O
these	O
viruses	B-SPEC
have	O
the	O
potential	O
for	O
rapid	O
and	O
global	O
spread	O
with	O
high	O
morbidity	O
and	O
mortality	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
outbreak	O
.	O

Femoral	B-ANAT
venous	B-ANAT
blood	I-ANAT
and	O
urine	B-ANAT
had	O
MDPV	O
concentrations	O
of	O
39	O
ng	O
/	O
mL	O
and	O
760	O
ng	O
/	O
mL	O
.	O
The	O
second	O
fatality	O
was	O
a	O
White	O
man	B-CHED
with	O
a	O
history	O
of	O
drug	O
and	O
bath	O
salt	B-CHED
abuse	B-DISO
found	O
dead	B-PROC
at	O
a	O
scene	O
in	O
total	O
disarray	O
after	O
exhibiting	O
fits	B-DISO
of	O
anger	O
and	O
psychotic	B-DISO
behavior	I-DISO
.	O

This	O
unbiased	O
approach	O
produced	O
a	O
high	O
-	O
priority	O
list	O
of	O
4	O
genes	O
in	O
one	O
pathway	B-PROC
out	O
of	O
over	O
3	O
,	O
500	O
genes	O
that	O
were	O
differentially	O
expressed	B-PROC
following	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
CoV	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
incidence	O
and	O
clinical	O
impact	O
of	O
coronavirus	O
(	O
CoV	O
)	O
infection	B-DISO
in	O
elderly	O
persons	O
and	O
those	O
with	O
underlying	O
cardiopulmonary	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
over	O
a	O
long	O
duration	O
is	O
not	O
well	O
described	O
.	O

We	O
determined	O
the	O
incidence	O
and	O
clinical	O
impact	O
of	O
229E	O
and	O
OC43	O
CoV	O
in	O
this	O
population	O
during	O
4	O
consecutive	O
winters	O
,	O
and	O
compared	O
illnesses	O
to	O
influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
,	O
respiratory	B-SPEC
syncytial	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
,	O
and	O
human	B-SPEC
metapneumovirus	I-SPEC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Regulation	B-PROC
of	O
coronaviral	O
poly	O
(	O
A	O
)	O
tail	O
length	O
during	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

Surprisingly	O
,	O
this	O
length	O
was	O
found	O
to	O
vary	O
throughout	O
infection	B-DISO
from	O
~	O
45	O
nt	O
immediately	O
after	O
virus	B-SPEC
entry	O
(	O
at	O
0	O
to	O
4	O
hpi	B-DISO
)	O
to	O
~	O
65	O
nt	O
later	O
on	O
(	O
at	O
6	O
h	O
to	O
9	O
hpi	B-DISO
)	O
and	O
from	O
~	O
65	O
nt	O
(	O
at	O
6	O
h	O
to	O
9	O
hpi	B-DISO
)	O
to	O
~	O
30	O
nt	O
(	O
at	O
120	O
-	O
144	O
hpi	B-DISO
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Removing	O
extra	O
CO	O
ABSTRACT	O
:	O
For	O
patients	O
experiencing	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
due	O
to	O
a	O
severe	O
exacerbation	O
of	O
chronic	O
obstructive	O
pulmonary	O
disease	O
(	O
COPD	B-DISO
),	O
noninvasive	O
positive	O
pressure	O
ventilation	O
has	O
been	O
shown	O
to	O
significantly	O
reduce	O
mortality	O
and	O
hospital	O
length	O
of	O
stay	O
compared	O
to	O
respiratory	O
support	O
with	O
invasive	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
By	O
HA	O
-	O
RBS	B-DISO
direct	O
sequencing	O
of	O
respiratory	O
specimens	O
,	O
D222G	O
and	O
D222N	O
viral	O
variants	O
were	O
identified	O
in	O
a	O
higher	O
proportion	O
in	O
ICU	O
patients	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
8	O
/	O
24	O
,	O
33	O
·	O
3	O
%)	O
than	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
mild	O
disease	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
2	O
/	O
34	O
,	O
6	O
%)	O
or	O
in	O
outpatients	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
0	O
/	O
44	O
)	O
(	O
Fisher	B-SPEC
'	O
s	O
exact	O
test	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
·	O
0001	O
;	O
OR	O
38	O
·	O
5	O
;	O
CI	O
95	O
%	O
4	O
·	O
494	O
-	O
329	O
·	O
9	O
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Viral	O
etiology	O
of	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
tract	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
among	O
pediatric	O
inpatients	O
and	O
outpatients	O
from	O
2010	O
to	O
2012	O
in	O
Beijing	O
,	O
China	O
].	O

One	O
nasopharyngeal	B-ANAT
aspirate	I-ANAT
or	O
throat	B-ANAT
swab	I-ANAT
specimen	O
was	O
collected	O
from	O
each	O
patient	O
.	O

Here	O
we	O
describe	O
an	O
alternative	O
approach	O
that	O
involves	O
no	O
T	B-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
stimulation	O
or	O
propagation	O
in	O
vitro	O
.	O

After	O
demonstrating	O
that	O
these	O
cells	B-COMP
were	O
functional	O
and	O
responded	O
to	O
epitope	B-CHED
M133	O
,	O
these	O
TCR	B-PRGE
chains	I-PRGE
were	O
used	O
to	O
generate	O
an	O
epitope	B-CHED
M133	O
-	O
specific	O
TCR	B-PRGE
Tg	I-PRGE
mouse	B-SPEC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
neutralising	O
serum	B-COMP
antibodies	B-COMP
in	O
dromedary	B-SPEC
camels	B-SPEC
:	O
a	O
comparative	O
serological	O
study	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
This	O
article	O
presents	O
a	O
case	O
study	O
demonstrating	O
various	O
rescue	O
therapies	O
considered	O
in	O
the	O
care	O
of	O
a	O
patient	O
with	O
severe	O
,	O
refractory	O
hypoxemia	O
secondary	O
to	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

The	O
lessons	O
learned	B-PROC
from	O
the	O
pandemic	O
outbreaks	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
and	O
H1N1	O
capture	O
key	O
principles	O
of	O
virally	O
mediated	O
ALI	O
.	O

There	O
are	O
pathogen	O
-	O
specific	O
pathways	B-PROC
underlying	O
virally	O
mediated	O
ALI	O
that	O
converge	O
onto	O
a	O
common	O
end	O
pathway	B-PROC
resulting	O
in	O
diffuse	B-DISO
alveolar	I-DISO
damage	I-DISO
.	O

Our	O
results	O
demonstrate	O
the	O
utility	O
of	O
integrating	O
diverse	O
'	O
omic	O
datasets	O
to	O
predict	O
and	O
prioritize	O
regulatory	O
features	O
conserved	O
across	O
multiple	O
pathogen	O
infection	B-DISO
models	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Porcine	O
epidemic	O
diarrhea	O
virus	O
(	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
)	O
causes	O
severe	O
economic	O
losses	O
in	O
the	O
swine	B-SPEC
industry	O
in	O
China	O
and	O
other	O
Asian	O
countries	O
.	O

The	O
new	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
reverse	O
genetics	O
system	O
will	O
enable	O
functional	O
studies	O
of	O
the	O
structural	O
proteins	B-CHED
and	O
the	O
accessory	B-PRGE
ORF3	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
and	O
will	O
allow	O
the	O
rational	O
design	O
and	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
next	O
generation	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
vaccines	O
.	O

In	O
two	O
recent	O
papers	O
,	O
one	O
published	O
in	O
Cell	B-COMP
Research	O
,	O
the	O
crystal	B-ANAT
structure	O
of	O
the	O
viral	B-PRGE
receptor	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
binding	I-PRGE
domain	I-PRGE
in	O
complex	O
with	O
the	O
host	B-COMP
CD26	B-PRGE
/	I-PRGE
dipeptidyl	I-PRGE
peptidase	I-PRGE
4	I-PRGE
receptor	I-PRGE
has	O
now	O
been	O
characterized	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Influenza	B-DISO
-	O
B	O
associated	O
rhabdomyolysis	B-DISO
and	O
acute	B-DISO
renal	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
.	O

nsp3	B-PRGE
has	O
membrane	B-COMP
disordering	O
and	O
proliferation	B-DISO
ability	O
,	O
both	O
in	O
its	O
full	O
-	O
length	O
form	O
and	O
in	O
a	O
C	O
-	O
terminal	O
-	O
truncated	O
form	O
.	O

Systems	O
biology	O
provides	O
an	O
opportunity	O
to	O
explore	O
and	O
understand	O
these	O
multifaceted	O
interactions	O
based	O
on	O
integration	B-PROC
and	O
modeling	O
of	O
multiple	O
biological	O
parameters	O
.	O

Symptomatic	O
treatment	O
with	O
protective	O
ventilation	O
,	O
vasopressors	O
,	O
continuous	O
heparin	B-CHED
and	O
insulin	B-PRGE
was	O
continued	O
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
This	O
study	O
shows	O
that	O
AKI	B-PRGE
in	O
scrub	B-DISO
typhus	I-DISO
is	O
common	O
and	O
a	O
severe	O
disease	O
.	O

We	O
performed	O
a	O
structured	O
search	O
on	O
Pubmed	O
,	O
EMBASE	O
,	O
Lilacs	B-SPEC
,	O
and	O
the	O
Cochrane	O
Library	O
for	O
randomized	O
controlled	O
trials	O
and	O
observational	O
case	O
-	O
control	O
studies	O
with	O
severity	O
-	O
paired	O
patients	O
,	O
evaluating	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
ECMO	O
on	O
severe	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
in	O
adult	O
patients	O
.	O

To	O
increase	O
our	O
understanding	O
of	O
the	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
of	O
the	O
disease	O
caused	O
by	O
this	O
virus	B-SPEC
,	O
we	O
investigated	O
the	O
response	O
of	O
chickens	B-SPEC
to	O
2	O
IBV	B-SPEC
with	O
different	O
genotypes	O
,	O
KIIa	O
and	O
ChVI	O
.	O

In	O
chickens	B-SPEC
infected	O
with	O
this	O
isolate	O
,	O
simultaneous	O
peaks	O
in	O
the	O
viral	O
copy	O
number	O
and	O
cytokine	B-PROC
production	I-PROC
were	O
observed	O
at	O
7	O
dpi	O
in	O
the	O
trachea	B-DISO
and	O
9	O
d	O
postinoculation	O
in	O
the	O
kidney	B-ANAT
.	O

It	O
is	O
now	O
clear	O
that	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
is	O
transmissible	O
from	O
person	O
to	O
person	O
,	O
and	O
its	O
close	O
relationship	O
with	O
several	O
bat	B-ENZY
coronaviruses	O
suggests	O
that	O
these	O
animals	B-SPEC
may	O
be	O
the	O
ultimate	O
source	O
of	O
the	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Establishment	O
of	O
feline	B-SPEC
intestinal	B-ANAT
epithelial	B-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
cultures	O
for	O
the	O
propagation	O
and	O
study	O
of	O
feline	O
enteric	O
coronaviruses	O
.	O

No	O
infection	B-DISO
was	O
seen	O
in	O
cultures	O
inoculated	O
with	O
FIPV	O
tissue	B-ANAT
homogenates	O
.	O

One	O
of	O
these	O
RNA	O
motifs	O
was	O
the	O
stem	B-ANAT
-	O
loop	O
SL5	O
,	O
a	O
highly	O
conserved	O
motif	O
in	O
coronaviruses	O
located	O
at	O
nucleotide	B-CHED
positions	O
106	O
to	O
136	O
.	O

Using	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
-	O
derived	O
defective	O
minigenomes	O
replicated	O
in	O
trans	O
by	O
a	O
helper	O
virus	B-SPEC
,	O
we	O
have	O
shown	O
that	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
RNA	O
packaging	O
is	O
a	O
replication	O
-	O
independent	O
process	O
.	O

The	O
identification	O
of	O
well	O
-	O
defined	O
RNA	O
motifs	O
within	O
the	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
RNA	O
genome	O
that	O
are	O
essential	O
for	O
packaging	O
will	O
be	O
useful	O
for	O
designing	O
packaging	O
-	O
deficient	O
biosafe	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
-	O
derived	O
vectors	O
and	O
providing	O
new	O
targets	O
for	O
antiviral	B-CHED
therapies	O
.	O

The	O
Severe	B-DISO
Acute	I-DISO
Respiratory	I-DISO
Syndrome	I-DISO
-	O
associated	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
epidemic	O
in	O
2002	O
-	O
2003	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
recent	O
emergence	O
of	O
Middle	O
East	O
Respiratory	O
Syndrome	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
in	O
April	O
2012	O
,	O
emphasize	O
the	O
high	O
probability	O
of	O
future	O
zoonotic	O
HCoV	O
emergence	O
causing	O
severe	O
and	O
lethal	O
human	B-SPEC
disease	O
.	O

Together	O
our	O
results	O
constitute	O
direct	O
evidence	O
that	O
CoV	O
ExoN	O
activity	O
provides	O
a	O
critical	O
proofreading	O
function	O
during	O
virus	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
.	O

These	O
toxins	B-CHED
are	O
able	O
to	O
impair	O
endothelial	B-ANAT
barrier	O
function	O
,	O
either	O
directly	O
,	O
or	O
indirectly	O
,	O
by	O
induction	O
of	O
pro	B-CHED
-	O
inflammatory	O
mediators	O
and	O
neutrophil	B-ANAT
sequestration	O
.	O

In	O
this	O
paper	O
we	O
present	O
for	O
the	O
first	O
time	O
a	O
case	O
of	O
von	B-DISO
Hippel	I-DISO
-	I-DISO
Lindau	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
associated	O
with	O
acute	B-PATH
myeloid	I-PATH
leukemia	I-PATH
.	O

It	O
seems	O
likely	O
that	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
acute	B-PATH
myeloid	I-PATH
leukemia	I-PATH
in	O
patient	O
with	O
VHL	B-DISO
disease	O
can	O
be	O
related	O
to	O
epigenetic	O
alterations	O
of	O
the	O
VHL	B-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
,	O
but	O
further	O
studies	O
are	O
needed	O
.	O

All	O
used	O
vaccines	O
induced	O
the	O
rise	O
of	O
IgY	O
antibody	B-COMP
in	O
egg	B-ANAT
yolks	O
.	O

Immunization	O
with	O
C	O
vaccine	O
allowed	O
to	O
harvest	O
eggs	O
with	O
satisfactory	O
levels	O
of	O
E	O
.	O
coli	O
,	O
rotavirus	B-SPEC
and	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
IgY	O
antibodies	B-COMP
which	O
may	O
be	O
used	O
to	O
evaluate	O
their	O
protective	O
effect	O
by	O
oral	B-ANAT
administration	O
in	O
calves	O
.	O

Here	O
,	O
we	O
simulate	O
epidemic	O
spread	O
through	O
various	O
contact	O
networks	O
and	O
fit	B-DISO
spatial	O
-	O
based	O
models	O
in	O
a	O
Bayesian	O
framework	O
using	O
Markov	O
chain	O
Monte	O
Carlo	O
methods	O
.	O

These	O
spatial	O
models	O
are	O
individual	O
-	O
level	O
models	O
which	O
account	O
for	O
the	O
spatio	O
-	O
temporal	O
dynamics	O
of	O
infectious	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
.	O

Since	O
then	O
,	O
researchers	O
around	O
the	O
world	O
,	O
especially	O
those	O
in	O
Asia	O
where	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
was	O
first	O
identified	O
,	O
have	O
turned	O
their	O
focus	O
to	O
find	O
novel	O
coronaviruses	O
infecting	O
humans	B-SPEC
,	O
bats	B-SPEC
,	O
and	O
other	O
animals	B-SPEC
.	O

In	O
2012	O
,	O
a	O
novel	O
human	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
,	O
now	O
called	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
),	O
has	O
emerged	O
in	O
the	O
Middle	O
East	O
to	O
cause	O
fatal	O
human	B-SPEC
infections	B-DISO
in	O
three	O
continents	O
.	O

While	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
and	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
are	O
genetically	O
closely	O
related	O
to	O
bat	B-ENZY
coronaviruses	O
,	O
intermediate	O
host	B-COMP
(	O
s	O
)	O
is	O
(	O
are	O
)	O
likely	O
to	O
be	O
involved	O
in	O
the	O
emergence	O
and	O
cross	O
-	O
species	B-SPEC
transmission	O
of	O
these	O
novel	O
human	B-SPEC
viruses	B-SPEC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
A	O
decade	O
ago	O
,	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
caused	O
a	O
global	O
pandemic	O
with	O
a	O
mortality	O
rate	O
of	O
10	O
%.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Middle	O
East	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
is	O
causing	O
alarm	O
among	O
researchers	O
and	O
international	O
health	O
officials	O
.	O

Our	O
results	O
demonstrated	O
that	O
the	O
generated	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
pseudovirus	O
allows	O
for	O
single	O
-	O
cycle	O
infection	B-DISO
of	O
a	O
variety	O
of	O
cells	B-COMP
expressing	O
dipeptidyl	O
peptidase	O
-	O
4	O
(	O
DPP4	B-PRGE
),	O
the	O
confirmed	O
receptor	O
for	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
.	O
Consistent	O
with	O
the	O
results	O
from	O
a	O
live	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
-	O
based	O
inhibition	B-PROC
assay	O
,	O
the	O
antisera	O
of	O
mice	B-SPEC
vaccinated	O
with	O
a	O
recombinant	O
protein	B-CHED
containing	O
receptor	O
-	O
binding	B-FUNC
domain	O
(	O
RBD	O
,	O
residues	O
377	O
-	O
662	O
)	O
of	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
S	O
fused	O
with	O
Fc	O
of	O
human	B-SPEC
IgG	B-PRGE
exhibited	O
neutralizing	O
antibody	B-PROC
response	I-PROC
against	O
infection	B-DISO
of	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
pseudovirus	O
.	O

With	O
the	O
rapid	O
advancement	O
in	O
the	O
field	O
of	O
microglia	B-ANAT
and	O
astrocytic	B-ANAT
neurobiology	O
,	O
the	O
term	O
neuroinflammation	O
progressively	O
started	O
to	O
denote	O
chronic	O
CNS	B-CHED
cell	B-COMP
-	O
specific	O
inflammation	B-DISO
in	O
MS	O
.	O

Median	O
duration	O
of	O
MCS	B-COMP
was	O
4	O
days	O
(	O
0	O
-	O
18	O
days	O
),	O
12	O
patients	O
(	O
75	O
%)	O
were	O
weaned	B-PROC
successfully	O
from	O
MCS	B-COMP
,	O
4	O
of	O
these	O
children	O
(	O
25	O
%)	O
died	B-PROC
after	O
weaning	B-PROC
,	O
with	O
a	O
median	O
survival	O
time	O
of	O
15	O
days	O
(	O
6	O
-	O
28	O
days	O
).	O

Mean	O
lactate	B-PRGE
dehydrogenase	I-PRGE
(	O
LDH	B-PRGE
)	O
before	O
MCS	B-COMP
was	O
700	O
(±	O
384	O
)	O
U	O
/	O
l	O
,	O
and	O
increased	O
to	O
a	O
maximum	O
of	O
2279	O
(±	O
2635	O
)	O
U	O
/	O
l	O
during	O
MCS	B-COMP
(	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
04	O
).	O

The	O
increase	O
in	O
plasma	B-ANAT
-	O
free	O
haemoglobin	B-CHED
correlated	O
moderately	O
with	O
the	O
duration	O
of	O
MCS	B-COMP
(	O
Pearson	O
'	O
s	O
r	O
:	O
0	O
.	O
78	O
).	O

The	O
increase	O
in	O
plasma	B-ANAT
-	O
free	O
haemoglobin	B-CHED
correlated	O
moderately	O
with	O
the	O
duration	O
of	O
MCS	B-COMP
(	O
Pearson	O
'	O
s	O
r	O
:	O
0	O
.	O
78	O
).	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
occurrence	O
of	O
moderate	O
to	O
severe	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
due	O
to	O
traumatic	O
brain	B-ANAT
injury	O
is	O
not	O
uncommon	O
and	O
is	O
associated	O
with	O
an	O
extremely	O
high	O
incidence	O
of	O
morbidity	O
and	O
mortality	O
.	O

Data	O
on	O
severe	O
forms	O
of	O
measles	B-PATH
in	O
adults	O
are	O
lacking	O
.	O

We	O
performed	O
a	O
retrospective	O
analysis	O
of	O
a	O
cohort	O
of	O
36	O
adults	O
admitted	O
to	O
a	O
total	O
of	O
64	O
ICUs	O
throughout	O
France	O
for	O
complications	B-DISO
of	I-DISO
measles	I-DISO
from	O
January	O
1	O
,	O
2009	O
,	O
to	O
December	O
31	O
,	O
2011	O
.	O

Among	O
the	O
26	O
patients	O
whose	O
measles	B-PATH
vaccination	O
status	O
was	O
documented	O
,	O
none	O
had	O
received	O
2	O
injections	O
.	O

Of	O
11	O
patients	O
who	O
required	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
,	O
9	O
developed	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
).	O

Although	O
GBS	B-DISO
patients	O
were	O
historically	O
cared	O
for	O
at	O
tertiary	O
referral	O
centers	O
,	O
changing	O
treatment	O
practices	O
have	O
broadened	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
neurologists	O
who	O
care	O
for	O
the	O
disease	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Positioning	O
therapy	O
may	O
improve	O
lung	B-ANAT
recruitment	B-DISO
and	O
oxygenation	B-PROC
and	O
is	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
standard	O
care	O
in	O
severe	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
).	O

Vaccinated	O
mice	B-SPEC
produced	O
high	O
levels	O
of	O
serum	B-COMP
antibodies	B-COMP
neutralizing	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
.	O
Thus	O
,	O
MVA	B-CHED
-	O
MERS	O
-	O
S	O
may	O
serve	O
for	O
further	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
an	O
emergency	B-DISO
vaccine	O
against	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Assessing	O
activity	O
and	O
inhibition	B-PROC
of	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
papain	B-ENZY
-	O
like	O
and	O
3C	O
-	O
like	O
proteases	O
using	O
luciferase	B-ENZY
-	O
based	O
biosensors	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
is	O
associated	O
with	O
an	O
outbreak	O
of	O
more	O
than	O
90	O
cases	O
of	O
severe	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
with	O
high	O
mortality	O
(	O
greater	O
than	O
50	O
%).	O

To	O
date	O
,	O
there	O
are	O
no	O
antiviral	B-CHED
drugs	I-CHED
or	O
specific	O
therapies	O
to	O
treat	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
.	O
To	O
rapidly	O
identify	O
potential	O
inhibitors	B-CHED
of	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
replication	O
,	O
we	O
expressed	B-PROC
the	O
papain	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
like	I-PRGE
protease	I-PRGE
(	O
PLpro	O
)	O
and	O
the	O
3	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
chymotrypsin	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
like	I-PRGE
protease	I-PRGE
(	O
3CLpro	O
)	O
from	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
and	O
developed	O
luciferase	B-ENZY
-	O
based	O
biosensors	O
to	O
monitor	O
protease	B-PROC
activity	I-PROC
in	O
cells	B-COMP
.	O

Importantly	O
,	O
we	O
found	O
that	O
a	O
small	O
-	O
molecule	O
inhibitor	B-CHED
that	O
blocks	O
replication	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
CoV	O
and	O
murine	B-SPEC
CoV	O
also	O
inhibits	O
the	O
activity	O
of	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
3CLpro	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Risperidone	B-CHED
-	O
induced	O
acute	B-DISO
eosinophilic	I-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
.	O

All	O
evidence	O
indicated	O
risperidone	B-CHED
as	O
the	O
most	O
probable	O
causal	O
factor	O
.	O

The	O
syndrome	B-DISO
rapidly	O
resolved	O
after	O
discontinuation	O
of	O
the	O
drug	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
in	O
patients	O
with	O
toxic	B-DISO
epidermal	I-DISO
necrolysis	I-DISO
:	O
clinical	O
features	O
and	O
factors	O
associated	O
with	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
.	O

The	O
presentation	O
and	O
outcome	O
of	O
patients	O
requiring	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
and	O
the	O
characteristics	O
of	O
bronchial	B-ANAT
epithelial	O
lesions	O
among	O
ventilated	O
patients	O
are	O
reported	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
21	I-FUNC
optimizes	O
T	B-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
and	O
humoral	O
responses	O
in	O
the	O
central	B-ANAT
nervous	I-ANAT
system	I-ANAT
during	O
viral	B-DISO
encephalitis	I-DISO
.	O

Therefore	O
the	O
aim	O
of	O
the	O
present	O
study	O
was	O
(	O
1	O
)	O
to	O
determine	O
the	O
prevalence	O
of	O
trichomonads	B-SPEC
infecting	O
puppies	O
living	O
in	O
French	O
breeding	B-PROC
kennels	O
,	O
(	O
2	O
)	O
to	O
confirm	O
the	O
predominance	O
of	O
P	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
hominis	I-SPEC
in	O
dogs	B-SPEC
,	O
(	O
3	O
)	O
to	O
investigate	O
the	O
genetic	O
diversity	O
of	O
P	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
hominis	I-SPEC
isolates	O
identified	O
in	O
the	O
French	O
canine	O
population	O
and	O
(	O
4	O
)	O
to	O
evaluate	O
the	O
risk	O
factors	O
for	O
infection	B-DISO
by	O
P	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
hominis	I-SPEC
and	O
the	O
influence	O
of	O
the	O
parasite	O
on	O
feces	B-ANAT
consistency	O
.	O

Moreover	O
,	O
puppies	O
from	O
large	O
breeding	B-PROC
kennels	O
,	O
excreting	O
a	O
high	O
level	O
of	O
G	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
intestinalis	I-SPEC
and	O
/	O
or	O
excreting	O
a	O
high	O
level	O
of	O
C	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
canis	I-SPEC
oocysts	O
showed	O
a	O
higher	O
probability	O
of	O
being	O
positive	O
for	O
P	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
hominis	I-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Receptor	O
recognition	O
is	O
a	O
major	O
determinant	O
of	O
the	O
host	O
range	O
,	O
cross	O
-	O
species	B-SPEC
infections	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
of	O
the	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Clinical	O
management	O
and	O
infection	B-DISO
control	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
:	O
lessons	O
learned	B-PROC
.	O

In	O
addition	O
,	O
the	O
Ki	O
value	O
of	O
5h	O
was	O
in	O
very	O
good	O
agreement	O
with	O
the	O
binding	B-FUNC
affinity	O
(	O
16	O
nM	O
)	O
observed	O
in	O
isothermal	O
titration	O
calorimetry	O
(	O
ITC	O
).	O

Clinical	O
and	O
epidemiological	O
data	O
on	O
287	O
children	O
(<	O
6	O
years	O
old	O
)	O
admitted	O
with	O
adenovirus	B-DISO
respiratory	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
from	O
2001	O
to	O
2004	O
were	O
reviewed	O
.	O

To	O
better	O
understand	O
the	O
genomic	O
changes	O
associated	O
with	O
viral	O
adaptation	B-PROC
,	O
we	O
sequenced	O
the	O
complete	O
genomes	O
of	O
FIPV	O
WSU	O
79	O
-	O
1146	O
at	O
different	O
tissue	B-ANAT
passage	O
levels	O
:	O
passage	O
1	O
,	O
passage	O
8	O
,	O
and	O
passage	O
50	O
tissue	B-ANAT
culture	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Middle	O
East	O
Respiratory	O
Syndrome	B-DISO
-	O
coronavirus	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
:	O
an	O
overview	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Complications	O
associated	O
with	O
Plasmodium	B-DISO
vivax	I-DISO
malaria	B-PATH
:	O
a	O
retrospective	O
study	O
from	O
a	O
tertiary	O
care	O
hospital	O
based	O
in	O
Western	O
Uttar	O
Pradesh	O
,	O
India	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Drug	O
repurposing	O
:	O
a	O
better	O
approach	O
for	O
infectious	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
drug	O
discovery	O
?	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
advent	O
of	O
publicly	O
available	O
databases	O
containing	O
system	O
-	O
wide	O
phenotypic	O
data	O
of	O
the	O
host	O
response	O
to	O
both	O
drugs	O
and	O
pathogens	O
,	O
in	O
conjunction	O
with	O
bioinformatics	O
and	O
computational	O
methods	O
now	O
allows	O
for	O
in	O
silico	O
predictions	O
of	O
FDA	O
-	O
approved	O
drugs	O
as	O
treatments	O
against	O
infection	B-DISO
diseases	O
.	O

The	O
rhesus	B-SPEC
macaque	I-SPEC
is	O
the	O
only	O
known	O
model	O
organism	O
for	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
infection	B-DISO
,	O
developing	O
an	O
acute	O
localized	O
to	O
widespread	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
with	O
transient	O
clinical	O
disease	O
that	O
recapitulates	O
mild	O
to	O
moderate	O
human	B-SPEC
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
cases	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Poly	O
-	O
γ	O
-	O
glutamic	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
(	O
γ	O
-	O
PGA	B-DISO
)	O
is	O
an	O
anionic	O
polypeptide	B-CHED
secreted	B-PROC
by	O
Bacillus	B-SPEC
sp	I-SPEC
.	O
that	O
has	O
been	O
shown	O
to	O
activate	O
immune	O
cells	B-COMP
through	O
interactions	O
with	O
toll	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
like	I-PRGE
receptor	I-PRGE
4	I-PRGE
(	O
TLR4	B-PRGE
).	O

Four	O
H7N9	O
avian	B-DISO
influenza	I-DISO
patients	O
administered	O
from	O
April	O
to	O
June	O
in	O
2013	O
in	O
First	O
Affiliated	O
Hospital	O
of	O
Nanchang	O
University	O
were	O
studied	O
.	O

During	O
ventilation	O
,	O
patients	O
'	O
parameters	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
PEEP	B-CHED
,	O
fraction	O
of	O
inspired	B-PROC
oxygen	B-CHED
(	O
FiO2	B-CHED
),	O
arterial	B-ANAT
partial	B-PROC
pressure	I-PROC
of	I-PROC
oxygen	I-PROC
(	O
PaO2	B-PROC
),	O
oxygenation	B-PROC
index	O
(	O
PaO2	B-PROC
/	O
FiO2	B-CHED
),	O
cardiac	B-ANAT
index	O
(	O
CI	O
),	O
systemic	B-PROC
vascular	I-PROC
resistance	I-PROC
index	O
(	O
SVRI	O
),	O
pulmonary	B-PROC
vascular	B-ANAT
resistance	I-PROC
index	O
(	O
PVRI	O
),	O
EVLWI	O
,	O
and	O
central	O
venous	B-PROC
pressure	I-PROC
(	O
CVP	O
)	O
were	O
collected	O
.	O

All	O
4	O
H7N9	O
avian	B-DISO
influenza	I-DISO
patients	O
were	O
complicated	O
with	O
ARDS	B-DISO
,	O
2	O
patients	O
were	O
classified	O
to	O
severe	O
ARDS	B-DISO
and	O
administered	O
with	O
comprehensive	O
therapies	O
,	O
specially	O
protected	O
ventilation	O
strategy	O
;	O
ventilation	O
duration	O
was	O
9	O
days	O
and	O
30	O
days	O
respectively	O
,	O
and	O
PiCCO	O
monitoring	O
was	O
9	O
days	O
and	O
21	O
days	O
respectively	O
.	O

PEEP	B-CHED
and	O
FiO2	O
of	O
2	O
patients	O
were	O
down	O
-	O
regulated	O
,	O
PaO2	O
/	O
FiO2	O
increased	O
to	O
334	O
±	O
64	O
mm	O
Hg	O
and	O
142	O
±	O
53	O
mm	O
Hg	O
at	O
weaning	B-PROC
.	O

Interestingly	O
,	O
the	O
rMERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
-	O
ΔE	O
genome	O
replicated	O
after	O
cDNA	O
clone	O
was	O
transfected	O
into	O
cells	B-COMP
.	O

None	O
of	O
the	O
cells	B-COMP
were	O
sensitive	O
to	O
infection	B-DISO
by	O
transmissible	O
gastroenteritis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
),	O
a	O
porcine	B-SPEC
coronavirus	B-SPEC
,	O
or	O
to	O
infection	B-DISO
mediated	O
by	O
the	O
Spike	O
(	O
S	O
)	O
protein	B-CHED
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
incorporated	O
into	O
pseudotypes	O
based	O
on	O
vesicular	B-SPEC
stomatitis	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
VSV	O
).	O

The	O
resistance	B-PROC
to	O
infection	B-DISO
was	O
overcome	O
if	O
cells	B-COMP
were	O
transfected	O
to	O
express	O
the	O
respective	O
cellular	B-COMP
receptor	O
,	O
porcine	B-PRGE
aminopeptidase	B-ENZY
N	I-ENZY
for	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
or	O
angiotensin	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
converting	I-PRGE
enzyme	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
for	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
.	O
VSV	O
pseudotypes	O
containing	O
the	O
S	O
proteins	O
of	O
two	O
bat	B-PRGE
SARS	B-DISO
-	I-PRGE
related	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
(	O
Bg08	O
and	O
Rp3	B-DISO
)	O
were	O
unable	O
to	O
infect	O
any	O
of	O
the	O
six	O
tested	O
bat	B-ENZY
cell	B-ANAT
lines	I-ANAT
.	O

The	O
objective	O
of	O
this	O
prospective	O
study	O
conducted	O
from	O
June	O
2008	O
to	O
March	O
2011	O
was	O
to	O
characterise	O
the	O
incidence	O
and	O
outcomes	O
of	O
viral	O
respiratory	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
in	O
LTR	O
.	O

One	O
hundred	O
and	O
twelve	O
LTR	O
had	O
903	O
encounters	O
:	O
570	O
(	O
63	O
%)	O
were	O
screening	O
visits	O
,	O
124	O
(	O
14	O
%)	O
were	O
routine	O
post	O
-	O
transplantation	O
follow	O
-	O
up	O
and	O
209	O
(	O
23	O
%)	O
were	O
emergency	B-DISO
visits	O
.	O

Infections	B-DISO
were	O
associated	O
with	O
transient	O
lung	B-PROC
function	I-PROC
loss	O
and	O
high	O
calcineurin	B-CHED
inhibitor	I-CHED
blood	B-ANAT
levels	O
.	O

The	O
hospitalisation	O
rate	O
was	O
50	O
%	O
(	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
30	O
%	O
to	O
70	O
.	O
9	O
%)	O
for	O
influenza	B-DISO
and	O
parainfluenza	B-DISO
and	O
16	O
.	O
9	O
%	O
(	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
11	O
.	O
2	O
%	O
to	O
23	O
.	O
9	O
%)	O
for	O
other	O
viruses	B-SPEC
.	O

There	O
is	O
a	O
high	O
incidence	O
of	O
viral	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
in	O
LTR	O
;	O
asymptomatic	O
carriage	O
is	O
rare	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
One	O
hundred	O
and	O
twelve	O
LTR	O
had	O
903	O
encounters	O
:	O
570	O
(	O
63	O
%)	O
were	O
screening	O
visits	O
,	O
124	O
(	O
14	O
%)	O
were	O
routine	O
post	O
-	O
transplantation	O
follow	O
-	O
up	O
and	O
209	O
(	O
23	O
%)	O
were	O
emergency	B-DISO
visits	O
.	O

The	O
sponge	B-SPEC
model	O
accounts	O
for	O
density	O
distribution	O
in	O
prone	O
position	O
,	O
for	O
which	O
the	O
unloaded	O
dorsal	O
regions	O
are	O
recruited	O
,	O
while	O
the	O
loaded	O
ventral	O
region	O
,	O
collapses	O
.	O

Finally	O
,	O
and	O
a	O
series	O
of	O
clinical	O
trials	O
led	O
to	O
the	O
conclusion	O
that	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
ARDS	B-DISO
,	O
the	O
prone	O
position	O
provides	O
a	O
significant	O
survival	O
advantage	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
accessory	O
protein	B-CHED
4a	O
is	O
a	O
type	B-PRGE
I	I-PRGE
interferon	I-PRGE
antagonist	B-CHED
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Human	B-SPEC
coronaviruses	O
(	O
CoVs	O
)	O
such	O
as	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
CoV	O
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
and	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
CoV	O
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
cause	O
epidemics	O
of	O
severe	O
human	B-SPEC
respiratory	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
.	O

CoV	B-PRGE
nsp5	I-PRGE
has	O
a	O
conserved	O
3	O
-	O
domain	O
structure	O
and	O
catalytic	O
residues	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
the	O
experimental	O
documentation	O
of	O
efficacy	O
of	O
vaporization	O
of	O
PFC	B-PRGE
in	O
the	O
treatment	O
of	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
is	O
still	O
lacking	O
.	O

Therefore	O
,	O
the	O
non	O
-	O
invasive	O
vaporization	O
application	O
technique	O
would	O
be	O
a	O
reasonable	O
alternative	O
to	O
administer	O
perfluorocarbons	O
in	O
severe	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
.	O

Additionally	O
,	O
6	O
h	O
post	O
treatment	O
,	O
peak	O
inspiratory	B-PROC
pressure	O
was	O
significantly	O
reduced	O
in	O
PFC	O
group	O
when	O
compared	O
with	O
the	O
control	O
group	O
(	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
),	O
and	O
Cst	O
was	O
significantly	O
higher	O
in	O
the	O
PFC	O
group	O
than	O
in	O
the	O
control	O
group	O
(	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
001	O
).	O

In	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
we	O
analyzed	O
whether	O
plasma	B-ANAT
SP	O
-	O
D	O
concentrations	O
reflect	O
rejection	O
or	O
infection	B-DISO
of	O
the	O
lung	B-ANAT
allograft	O
.	O

All	O
patients	O
with	O
a	O
plasma	B-ANAT
SP	O
-	O
D	O
level	O
of	O
>	O
300	O
ng	O
/	O
mL	O
during	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
developed	O
BOS	B-DISO
III	O
and	O
/	O
or	O
died	B-PROC
within	O
6	O
months	O
of	O
follow	O
-	O
up	O
(	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
001	O
).	O

The	O
determination	O
of	O
SP	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
D	I-PRGE
levels	O
in	O
plasma	B-ANAT
during	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
in	O
LTRs	O
may	O
be	O
of	O
prognostic	O
value	O
and	O
warrants	O
further	O
evaluation	O
.	O

Following	O
the	O
results	O
of	O
the	O
initial	O
genetic	O
screening	O
study	O
,	O
we	O
prospectively	O
followed	O
aquaporin	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
leukocyte	B-ANAT
expression	B-PROC
patterns	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
ICU	O
-	O
acquired	O
sepsis	B-DISO
who	O
subsequently	O
developed	O
septic	B-DISO
shock	I-DISO
(	O
n	O
=	O
16	O
)	O
versus	O
critically	B-DISO
ill	I-DISO
patients	O
who	O
were	O
discharged	O
without	O
developing	O
sepsis	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
13	O
).	O

The	O
latter	O
could	O
be	O
abolished	O
by	O
blocking	B-DISO
aquaporin	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
with	O
mercury	B-CHED
and	O
restored	O
by	O
incubation	O
in	O
β	O
-	O
mercaptoethanol	B-CHED
,	O
which	O
abrogated	O
the	O
action	O
of	O
mercury	B-CHED
inhibition	B-PROC
.	O

Patients	O
were	O
eligible	O
if	O
they	O
(	O
1	O
)	O
were	O
intubated	O
and	O
mechanically	O
ventilated	O
patients	O
in	O
participating	O
ICUs	O
;	O
(	O
2	O
)	O
were	O
within	O
72	O
hours	O
of	O
onset	O
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
;	O
(	O
3	O
)	O
fulfilled	O
American	O
-	O
European	O
Consensus	O
Conference	O
definition	O
for	O
ARDS	B-DISO
{	O
acute	O
-	O
onset	O
,	O
severe	O
hypoxaemic	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
[	O
partial	B-PROC
pressure	I-PROC
of	I-PROC
oxygen	I-PROC
in	O
arterial	B-ANAT
blood	I-ANAT
/	O
fraction	O
of	O
inspired	B-PROC
oxygen	B-CHED
≤	O
26	O
.	O
7	O
kPa	O
(	O
200	O
mmHg	O
)]	O
and	O
bilateral	O
infiltrates	B-DISO
on	O
the	O
chest	B-ANAT
radiograph	O
in	O
the	O
absence	O
of	O
clinical	O
evidence	O
of	O
left	O
atrial	B-ANAT
hypertension	B-DISO
};	O
and	O
(	O
4	O
)	O
were	O
aged	O
≥	O
16	O
years	O
.	O

The	O
PEMS	O
clinical	O
features	O
were	O
characterized	O
by	O
watery	O
to	O
foamy	O
faeces	B-ANAT
,	O
light	O
brown	O
-	O
yellow	O
in	O
colour	O
and	O
low	O
mortality	O
rate	O
.	O

Meteorological	O
data	O
(	O
rainfall	O
and	O
relative	O
humidity	O
)	O
observed	O
during	O
along	O
the	O
study	O
presented	O
monthly	O
average	O
temperature	O
ranging	O
from	O
39	O
.	O
3	O
and	O
31	O
.	O
2ºC	O
,	O
precipitation	B-PROC
in	O
rainy	O
season	O
from	O
40	O
to	O
270	O
.	O
3	O
mm	O
/	O
month	O
,	O
and	O
no	O
rain	O
during	O
dry	O
season	O
.	O

The	O
positive	O
results	O
of	O
both	O
virus	B-SPEC
suggested	O
that	O
they	O
can	O
play	O
an	O
important	O
role	O
in	O
enteric	O
disorders	O
,	O
associated	O
to	O
low	O
humidity	O
and	O
high	O
temperatures	O
frequently	O
found	O
in	O
tropical	O
countries	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenation	B-PROC
rescue	O
therapy	O
in	O
a	O
case	O
of	O
portopulmonary	B-DISO
hypertension	I-DISO
during	O
liver	O
transplantation	O
:	O
a	O
case	O
report	O
.	O

We	O
report	O
the	O
case	O
of	O
a	O
43	O
-	O
year	O
-	O
old	O
man	B-CHED
,	O
scheduled	O
for	O
OLT	O
due	O
to	O
alcoholic	B-DISO
cirrhosis	I-DISO
with	O
hemosiderosis	B-DISO
.	O

Upon	O
graft	B-ANAT
reperfusion	O
the	O
hemodynamic	B-PROC
profile	O
was	O
:	O
mPAP	O
47	O
mm	O
Hg	O
,	O
WP	O
23	O
mm	O
Hg	O
,	O
CO	O
14	O
.	O
2	O
L	O
/	O
min	O
,	O
PVR	B-DISO
135	O
dyne	O
s	O
/	O
cm	O
(	O
5	O
),	O
TPG	O
24	O
mm	O
Hg	O
,	O
and	O
at	O
the	O
end	O
of	O
surgery	O
,	O
mPAP	O
39	O
mm	O
Hg	O
,	O
WP	O
20	O
mm	O
Hg	O
,	O
CO	O
10	O
.	O
6	O
L	O
/	O
min	O
,	O
PVR	B-DISO
123	O
dyne	O
s	O
/	O
cm	O
(	O
5	O
),	O
TPG	O
19	O
mm	O
Hg	O
.	O

ECMO	O
rescue	O
therapy	O
in	O
this	O
""""	O
extreme	O
""""	O
case	O
allowed	O
us	O
to	O
correct	O
hypoxemia	O
responsible	O
for	O
worsening	O
of	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
hypertension	I-DISO
allowing	O
time	O
to	O
reach	B-PROC
the	O
goal	O
of	O
vasodilatatory	O
therapy	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
there	O
are	O
limited	O
clinical	O
data	O
and	O
guidelines	O
for	O
the	O
management	O
of	O
influenza	B-DISO
and	O
other	O
severe	O
illness	O
in	O
these	O
settings	O
.	O

While	O
there	O
are	O
a	O
variety	O
of	O
challenges	O
to	O
the	O
management	O
of	O
the	O
severely	O
ill	B-DISO
in	O
resource	O
-	O
limited	O
settings	O
,	O
several	O
new	O
international	O
initiatives	O
have	O
begun	O
to	O
develop	O
syndromic	O
management	O
strategies	O
for	O
these	O
environments	O
,	O
including	O
the	O
World	O
Health	O
Organization	O
'	O
s	O
Integrated	O
Management	O
of	O
Adult	O
and	O
Adolescent	O
Illness	O
Program	O
.	O

Realizing	O
a	O
sustainable	O
,	O
global	O
impact	O
on	O
death	O
and	O
suffering	B-DISO
due	O
to	O
severe	O
influenza	B-DISO
and	O
other	O
severe	O
illness	O
necessitates	O
an	O
ongoing	O
and	O
concerted	O
international	O
effort	B-PROC
to	O
iteratively	O
generate	O
,	O
implement	O
,	O
and	O
evaluate	O
best	O
-	O
practice	O
management	O
guidelines	O
for	O
use	O
in	O
resource	O
-	O
limited	O
settings	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
to	O
assess	O
the	O
epidemiological	O
and	O
genetic	O
factors	O
associated	O
with	O
severity	O
of	O
acute	B-DISO
viral	I-DISO
bronchiolitis	I-DISO
(	O
AVB	O
)	O
by	O
respiratory	B-SPEC
syncytial	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
RSV	B-SPEC
).	O

the	O
severity	O
of	O
AVB	O
by	O
RSV	B-SPEC
is	O
a	O
phenomenon	O
that	O
depends	O
on	O
the	O
varying	O
degrees	O
of	O
interaction	O
among	O
epidemiological	O
,	O
environmental	O
,	O
and	O
genetic	O
variables	O
.	O

Alterations	O
in	O
actin	B-COMP
cytoskeleton	I-COMP
are	O
shown	O
to	O
be	O
crucial	O
for	O
NF	O
-	O
κB	O
regulation	B-PROC
and	O
EC	O
inflammation	B-DISO
.	O

Eighteen	O
NDV	B-SPEC
strains	O
,	O
fourteen	O
AIV	O
strains	O
,	O
and	O
twelve	O
other	O
(	O
negative	O
control	O
)	O
strains	O
viruses	B-SPEC
were	O
isolated	O
from	O
allantoic	O
fluids	B-ANAT
of	O
specific	O
pathogen	O
-	O
free	O
(	O
SPF	O
),	O
embryonated	O
eggs	O
.	O

The	O
results	O
obtained	O
in	O
this	O
study	O
show	O
that	O
by	O
using	O
duplex	O
real	O
-	O
time	O
PCR	O
,	O
it	O
was	O
possible	O
to	O
detect	O
and	O
distinguish	O
both	O
viruses	B-SPEC
within	O
less	O
than	O
three	O
hours	O
and	O
with	O
high	O
sensitivity	O
,	O
even	O
in	O
case	O
a	O
bird	B-SPEC
was	O
co	O
-	O
infected	O
.	O

Additionally	O
,	O
the	O
results	O
show	O
the	O
applicability	O
of	O
the	O
real	O
-	O
time	O
PCR	O
assay	O
in	O
laboratory	O
practice	O
for	O
the	O
identification	O
and	O
differentiation	B-PROC
of	O
Newcastle	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
and	O
influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
viruses	B-SPEC
in	O
birds	B-SPEC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
First	O
infection	B-DISO
by	O
all	O
four	O
non	O
-	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
human	B-SPEC
coronaviruses	O
takes	O
place	O
during	O
childhood	O
.	O

Both	O
S	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
IgG	I-PRGE
and	O
S	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
IgM	I-PRGE
antibodies	I-PRGE
were	O
detectable	O
among	O
children	O
and	O
increased	O
with	O
age	O
,	O
reaching	B-PROC
a	O
plateau	O
at	O
6	O
years	O
of	O
age	O
.	O

The	O
S1	B-PRGE
subunit	I-PRGE
of	O
the	O
spike	O
is	O
assumed	O
to	O
be	O
required	O
for	O
virus	B-SPEC
attachment	O
.	O

To	O
further	O
elucidate	O
the	O
role	O
of	O
S2	O
the	O
spike	O
ectodomains	O
of	O
virulent	O
IBV	B-SPEC
M41	O
and	O
chimeras	O
of	O
M41	O
and	O
Beaudette	O
were	O
analyzed	O
for	O
their	O
binding	B-FUNC
to	O
CAM	B-DISO
,	O
chicken	B-SPEC
trachea	B-DISO
and	O
mammalian	B-ANAT
cell	B-COMP
lines	O
.	O

To	O
elucidate	O
the	O
predictors	O
of	O
severe	O
effects	O
following	O
acute	O
glufosinate	B-CHED
poisoning	O
.	O

The	O
mechanism	O
underlying	O
the	O
decreased	O
FIPV	O
replication	O
caused	O
by	O
the	O
3C	O
protein	B-CHED
was	O
further	O
investigated	O
;	O
neither	O
the	O
induction	O
nor	O
inhibition	B-PROC
of	O
autophagy	B-PROC
rescued	O
the	O
viral	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
.	O

Taken	O
together	O
,	O
our	O
data	O
suggest	O
that	O
the	O
3C	O
protein	O
might	O
have	O
a	O
virulence	B-PROC
-	O
suppressing	O
effect	O
in	O
FCoV	O
-	O
infected	O
cats	B-SPEC
.	O

A	O
range	O
of	O
personal	O
protective	O
equipment	O
that	O
provides	O
different	O
degrees	O
of	O
facial	B-ANAT
and	O
respiratory	O
protection	O
is	O
available	O
.	O

To	O
address	O
this	O
issue	O
,	O
the	O
Scientific	O
Development	B-PROC
Committee	O
of	O
the	O
Healthcare	O
Infection	B-DISO
Society	O
established	O
a	O
short	O
-	O
life	O
working	O
group	O
to	O
develop	O
guidance	O
.	O

In	O
addition	O
to	O
confirming	O
diagnosis	O
,	O
we	O
generated	O
the	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
genomic	O
sequences	O
obtained	O
directly	O
from	O
patient	O
samples	O
to	O
provide	O
important	O
information	O
on	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
transmission	O
,	O
evolution	B-PROC
,	O
and	O
origin	O
.	O

Full	O
genome	O
deep	O
sequencing	O
was	O
done	O
on	O
nucleic	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
extracted	O
directly	O
from	O
PCR	O
-	O
confirmed	O
clinical	O
samples	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Defining	O
CD8	B-PRGE
+	I-PRGE
T	I-PRGE
cell	I-PRGE
determinants	I-PRGE
during	O
human	B-SPEC
viral	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
in	O
populations	O
of	O
Asian	O
ethnicity	O
.	O

These	O
results	O
highlight	O
the	O
limited	O
applicability	O
of	O
the	O
NetMHCpan	O
algorithm	O
for	O
populations	O
expressing	O
HLA	O
molecules	O
for	O
which	O
there	O
are	O
little	O
or	O
no	O
experimental	O
binding	B-FUNC
data	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
those	O
of	O
Asian	O
ethnicity	O
.	O

Although	O
,	O
the	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
33	I-FUNC
levels	O
increased	O
in	O
sera	B-COMP
of	O
viral	B-DISO
hepatitis	I-DISO
patients	O
in	O
human	B-SPEC
,	O
the	O
cellular	B-COMP
sources	O
of	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
33	I-FUNC
in	O
viral	B-DISO
hepatitis	I-DISO
remained	O
obscure	O
.	O

The	O
LSEC	O
and	O
VEC	B-PRGE
expressed	B-PROC
inducible	O
expression	B-PROC
of	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
33	I-FUNC
following	O
L2	O
-	O
MHV3	O
infection	B-DISO
but	O
the	O
hepatocyte	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
specific	I-PRGE
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
33	I-FUNC
expression	B-PROC
was	O
only	O
evident	O
between	O
24	O
to	O
32h	O
of	O
post	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

Interestingly	O
,	O
increased	O
expression	B-PROC
of	O
genes	O
involved	O
in	O
lipid	B-PROC
transport	B-PROC
,	O
processing	O
,	O
and	O
catabolism	B-PROC
,	O
including	O
some	O
with	O
known	O
roles	O
in	O
neurodegenerative	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
,	O
coincided	O
with	O
demyelination	B-DISO
.	O

This	O
study	O
highlights	O
the	O
complexity	O
of	O
the	O
host	B-COMP
antiviral	B-PROC
response	I-PROC
,	O
which	O
accompany	O
MHV	B-SPEC
-	O
induced	O
demyelination	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
further	O
supports	O
previous	O
findings	O
that	O
MHV	B-SPEC
-	O
induced	O
demyelination	B-DISO
is	O
immune	O
-	O
mediated	O
.	O

Interestingly	O
,	O
these	O
data	O
suggest	O
a	O
parallel	O
between	O
bone	B-ANAT
reabsorption	O
by	O
osteoclasts	B-ANAT
and	O
myelin	B-COMP
debris	O
clearance	O
by	O
microglia	B-ANAT
in	O
the	O
bone	B-ANAT
and	O
the	O
CNS	B-CHED
,	O
respectively	O
.	O

Upon	O
a	O
combination	O
of	O
intratracheal	O
,	O
ocular	B-PROC
,	O
oral	B-ANAT
,	O
and	O
intranasal	O
inoculation	O
with	O
7	O
×	O
10	O
(	O
6	O
)	O
50	O
%	O
tissue	B-ANAT
culture	O
infectious	B-DISO
dose	O
of	O
the	O
MERS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
isolate	I-PRGE
HCoV	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
EMC	I-PRGE
/	I-PRGE
2012	I-PRGE
,	I-PRGE
rhesus	B-SPEC
macaques	I-SPEC
developed	O
a	O
transient	O
lower	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
tract	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
.	O

MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
caused	O
a	O
multifocal	O
,	O
mild	O
to	O
marked	O
interstitial	O
pneumonia	O
,	O
with	O
virus	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
occurring	O
mainly	O
in	O
alveolar	B-ANAT
pneumocytes	B-ANAT
.	O

Notably	O
,	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
induced	O
significantly	O
higher	O
expression	B-PROC
levels	O
of	O
interleukin	B-PRGE
12	I-PRGE
,	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
γ	I-PRGE
,	O
and	O
chemokines	O
(	O
IP	O
-	O
10	O
/	O
CXCL	O
-	O
10	O
,	O
MCP	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
/	O
CCL	B-DISO
-	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
,	O
MIP	O
-	O
1α	O
/	O
CCL	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
3	I-PRGE
,	O
RANTES	B-PRGE
/	O
CCL	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
5	I-PRGE
,	O
and	O
interleukin	B-PRGE
8	I-PRGE
)	O
than	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
.	O
The	O
expression	B-PROC
of	O
major	B-PRGE
histocompatibility	I-PRGE
complex	I-PRGE
class	B-SPEC
I	I-PRGE
and	I-PRGE
costimulatory	I-PRGE
molecules	I-PRGE
were	O
significantly	O
higher	O
in	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
-	O
infected	O
MDMs	O
than	O
in	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
-	O
infected	O
cells	B-COMP
.	O

No	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
was	O
detected	O
in	O
LTS	O
flocks	O
and	O
no	O
corona	B-CHED
-	O
or	O
reovirus	B-SPEC
was	O
detected	O
in	O
non	O
-	O
LTS	O
flocks	O
.	O

Significantly	O
lower	B-ANAT
body	I-ANAT
weights	O
were	O
seen	O
in	O
the	O
challenged	O
group	O
starting	O
at	O
seven	O
weeks	O
of	O
age	O
and	O
lasting	O
until	O
20	O
weeks	O
of	O
age	O
.	O

Blood	B-ANAT
samples	I-ANAT
obtained	O
on	O
days	O
112	O
and	O
140	O
were	O
used	O
for	O
assessment	O
of	O
BCoV	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
specific	I-PRGE
serum	I-PRGE
IgG1	B-COMP
,	O
IgG2	B-COMP
,	O
IgM	B-PRGE
,	O
and	O
IgA	B-PRGE
titers	O
via	O
an	O
ELISA	O
.	O

Thus	O
,	O
low	O
vitamin	B-CHED
A	I-CHED
diets	O
may	O
compromise	O
the	O
effectiveness	O
of	O
viral	O
vaccines	O
and	O
render	O
calves	O
more	O
susceptible	O
to	O
infectious	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
was	O
first	O
reported	O
to	O
cause	O
human	B-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
in	O
September	O
2012	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
recently	O
emerged	O
as	O
a	O
severe	O
worldwide	O
public	O
health	O
concern	O
.	O

The	O
virus	B-SPEC
is	O
highly	O
pathogenic	O
,	O
manifesting	O
in	O
infected	O
patients	O
with	O
an	O
approximately	O
50	O
%	O
fatality	O
rate	O
.	O

With	O
this	O
notion	O
,	O
we	O
further	O
identified	O
an	O
HR2	O
-	O
based	O
peptide	B-CHED
that	O
could	O
potently	O
inhibit	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
fusion	O
and	O
entry	O
by	O
using	O
a	O
pseudotyped	O
-	O
virus	B-SPEC
system	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
During	O
the	O
H1N1	O
pandemic	O
of	O
2009	O
and	O
2010	O
,	O
the	O
large	O
number	O
of	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
due	O
to	O
H1N1	O
infection	B-DISO
strained	O
the	O
capacities	O
of	O
treatment	O
facilities	O
for	O
extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenation	B-PROC
(	O
ECMO	O
)	O
around	O
the	O
world	O
.	O

During	O
the	O
pandemic	O
,	O
the	O
German	O
ARDS	B-DISO
Network	O
(	O
a	O
task	O
force	O
of	O
the	O
DIVI	O
'	O
s	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
section	O
)	O
kept	O
track	O
of	O
the	O
availability	O
of	O
ECMO	O
treatment	O
facilities	O
with	O
a	O
day	O
-	O
to	O
-	O
day	O
,	O
Internet	O
-	O
based	O
capacity	O
assessment	O
.	O

In	O
cooperation	O
with	O
the	O
Robert	O
Koch	O
Institute	O
,	O
epidemiological	O
and	O
clinical	O
data	O
were	O
obtained	O
on	O
all	O
patients	O
treated	O
for	O
influenza	B-DISO
in	O
intensive	O
care	O
units	O
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
Even	O
persons	O
without	O
any	O
other	O
accompanying	O
disease	O
developed	O
life	O
-	O
threatening	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
as	O
a	O
result	O
of	O
H1N1	O
infection	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
many	O
of	O
these	O
patients	O
needed	O
ECMO	O
.	O

Incidences	O
of	O
pneumonia	O
,	O
atelectasis	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
were	O
assessed	O
.	O

The	O
current	O
trial	O
identified	O
clinically	O
important	O
findings	O
that	O
warrant	O
further	O
research	O
to	O
investigate	O
zinc	B-CHED
'	O
s	O
therapeutic	O
effect	O
for	O
calf	B-ANAT
diarrhea	B-DISO
.	O

Histopathological	O
examination	O
of	O
specimens	O
collected	O
at	O
postmortem	O
confirmed	O
FIP	O
in	O
10	O
/	O
17	O
cases	O
and	O
ruled	O
out	O
FIP	B-DISO
out	O
in	O
7	O
/	O
17	O
cases	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
We	O
describe	O
a	O
novel	O
spike	O
pseudoparticle	O
neutralisation	O
assay	O
(	O
ppNT	O
)	O
for	O
seroepidemiological	O
studies	O
on	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERSCoV	O
)	O
and	O
apply	O
this	O
assay	O
together	O
with	O
conventional	O
microneutralisation	O
(	O
MN	O
)	O
tests	O
to	O
investigate	O
1	O
,	O
343	O
human	B-SPEC
and	O
625	O
animal	B-SPEC
sera	B-COMP
.	O

The	O
X	O
-	O
ray	B-SPEC
structure	O
of	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
3CLpro	I-PRGE
bound	O
with	O
a	O
ML300	O
analog	O
highlights	O
a	O
unique	O
induced	O
-	O
fit	B-DISO
reorganization	O
of	O
the	O
S2	O
-	O
S4	O
binding	B-FUNC
pockets	O
leading	O
to	O
the	O
first	O
sub	O
-	O
micromolar	O
noncovalent	O
3CLpro	O
inhibitors	B-CHED
retaining	O
a	O
single	O
amide	B-CHED
bond	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Multiple	B-DISO
sclerosis	I-DISO
(	O
MS	O
)	O
is	O
an	O
inflammatory	O
demyelinating	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
of	O
the	O
human	B-SPEC
central	B-ANAT
nervous	I-ANAT
system	I-ANAT
(	O
CNS	B-CHED
).	O

Neurotropic	O
demyelinating	O
strain	O
of	O
MHV	B-SPEC
(	O
MHV	B-SPEC
-	O
A59	O
or	O
its	O
isogenic	O
recombinant	O
strain	O
RSA59	O
)	O
induces	O
MS	O
-	O
like	O
disease	O
in	O
mice	B-SPEC
mediated	O
by	O
microglia	B-ANAT
,	O
along	O
with	O
a	O
small	O
population	O
of	O
T	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
.	O

Our	O
study	O
directly	O
compares	O
CNS	B-CHED
pathology	B-DISO
in	O
autoimmune	B-DISO
and	O
viral	O
-	O
induced	O
MS	O
models	O
.	O

Inflammation	B-DISO
was	O
restricted	O
mainly	O
to	O
white	B-ANAT
matter	I-ANAT
at	O
all	O
times	O
in	O
EAE	O
,	O
whereas	O
inflammation	B-DISO
initially	O
largely	O
involved	O
gray	B-ANAT
matter	I-ANAT
in	O
acute	O
MHV	B-SPEC
-	O
induced	O
disease	O
and	O
then	O
is	O
subsequently	O
localized	O
only	O
in	O
white	B-ANAT
matter	I-ANAT
in	O
the	O
chronic	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
phase	O
.	O

Their	O
heterogeneity	O
was	O
investigated	O
by	O
analysis	O
of	O
the	O
ORF3	O
gene	O
because	O
of	O
its	O
potential	O
function	O
as	O
a	O
representation	O
of	O
virulence	B-PROC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
increases	O
mortality	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
multiorgan	O
dysfunction	O
syndrome	B-DISO
(	O
MODS	B-DISO
).	O

Virus	B-SPEC
CU	O
evolves	O
independently	O
for	O
each	O
gene	O
in	O
a	O
manner	O
predicted	O
by	O
the	O
protein	B-PROC
function	I-PROC
,	O
with	O
a	O
balance	B-PROC
between	O
natural	O
selection	O
and	O
mutation	O
pressure	O
,	O
giving	O
further	O
molecular	O
basis	O
for	O
the	O
viruses	B-SPEC
'	O
ability	O
to	O
exploit	O
the	O
host	B-COMP
'	O
s	O
cellular	B-COMP
environment	O
in	O
a	O
concerted	O
virus	B-SPEC
-	O
host	B-COMP
molecular	O
evolution	B-PROC
.	O

Two	O
time	O
periods	B-PROC
in	O
2013	O
were	O
compared	O
to	O
identify	O
changes	O
in	O
the	O
epidemiology	O
.	O

Thirteen	O
out	O
of	O
14	O
known	O
primary	O
cases	O
died	B-PROC
.	O

The	O
incidence	O
and	O
number	O
of	O
viruses	B-SPEC
known	O
to	O
cause	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
and	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
have	O
also	O
expanded	O
in	O
recent	O
years	O
.	O

This	O
article	O
provides	O
an	O
overview	O
of	O
severe	O
respiratory	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
caused	O
by	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
,	O
respiratory	B-SPEC
syncytial	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
,	O
adenovirus	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
hantavirus	B-SPEC
.	O

Management	O
of	O
individual	O
cases	O
is	O
mainly	O
supportive	O
and	O
requires	O
institution	O
of	O
appropriate	O
infection	B-DISO
control	O
measures	O
.	O

Influenza	B-DISO
is	O
the	O
most	O
common	O
virus	B-SPEC
associated	O
with	O
severe	O
viral	B-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
,	O
although	O
other	O
important	O
causes	O
include	O
respiratory	B-SPEC
syncytial	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
,	O
adenovirus	B-DISO
,	O
metapneumonia	O
virus	B-SPEC
,	O
and	O
coronaviruses	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Generation	O
,	O
characterization	O
and	O
therapeutic	O
potential	O
of	O
anti	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
feline	I-PRGE
TNF	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
alpha	I-PRGE
MAbs	O
for	O
feline	B-SPEC
infectious	I-DISO
peritonitis	I-DISO
.	O

Thus	O
,	O
the	O
administration	O
of	O
a	O
feline	B-SPEC
TNF	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
alpha	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
neutralizing	I-PRGE
antibody	I-PRGE
to	O
cats	B-SPEC
with	O
FIP	B-DISO
may	O
reduce	O
the	O
disease	B-DISO
progression	I-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
p53	B-PATH
signaling	I-PATH
pathway	I-PATH
plays	O
an	O
important	O
role	O
in	O
the	O
regulation	B-PROC
of	I-PROC
cell	I-PROC
cycle	I-PROC
.	O

Our	O
previous	O
studies	O
have	O
demonstrated	O
that	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
induces	O
the	O
activation	O
of	O
p53	B-PATH
signaling	I-PATH
pathway	I-PATH
.	O

Further	O
studies	O
showed	O
that	O
inhibition	B-PROC
of	O
p53	B-PRGE
signaling	B-PROC
could	O
attenuate	O
the	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
-	O
induced	O
S	O
-	O
and	O
G2	O
/	O
M	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
phase	I-PROC
arrest	O
by	O
reversing	O
the	O
expression	B-PROC
of	O
p21	B-PRGE
and	I-PRGE
corresponding	I-PRGE
cyclin	I-PRGE
/	O
cdk	B-FUNC
.	O

We	O
used	O
small	O
compound	O
-	O
based	O
forward	O
chemical	O
genetics	O
to	O
screen	O
a	O
chemical	O
library	O
of	O
1280	O
known	O
drugs	O
against	O
influenza	B-SPEC
A	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
in	O
Biosafety	O
Level	O
-	O
2	O
laboratory	O
.	O

We	O
then	O
assessed	O
the	O
anti	O
-	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
activities	O
of	O
the	O
identified	O
compounds	O
and	O
of	O
interferons	O
,	O
nelfinavir	O
,	O
and	O
lopinavir	O
because	O
of	O
their	O
reported	O
anti	O
-	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
activities	O
in	O
terms	O
of	O
cytopathic	B-DISO
effect	I-DISO
inhibition	B-PROC
,	O
viral	O
yield	O
reduction	O
,	O
and	O
plaque	B-DISO
reduction	O
assays	O
in	O
Biosafety	O
Level	O
-	O
3	O
laboratory	O
.	O

Combination	O
of	O
mycophenolic	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
and	O
interferon	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
β1b	I-PRGE
lowered	O
the	O
EC50	O
of	O
each	O
drug	O
by	O
1	O
-	O
3	O
times	O
.	O

Among	O
264	O
swabs	O
from	O
193	O
outpatients	O
,	O
58	O
(	O
22	O
%)	O
resulted	O
positive	O
for	O
61	O
viruses	B-SPEC
(	O
influenza	B-DISO
,	O
n	O
=	O
20	O
;	O
respiratory	B-SPEC
syncytial	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
[	O
RSV	B-SPEC
],	O
n	O
=	O
21	O
;	O
rhinovirus	B-SPEC
,	O
n	O
=	O
12	O
;	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
,	O
n	O
=	O
4	O
;	O
adenovirus	B-DISO
,	O
n	O
=	O
3	O
;	O
parainfluenza	B-DISO
,	O
n	O
=	O
1	O
).	O

Furthermore	O
,	O
recent	O
studies	O
have	O
suggested	O
that	O
the	O
exacerbation	O
of	O
asthma	B-PATH
,	O
namely	O
virus	B-SPEC
-	O
induced	O
asthma	B-PATH
,	O
may	O
be	O
associated	O
with	O
a	O
wide	O
variety	O
of	O
respiratory	O
viruses	B-SPEC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Role	O
of	O
the	O
spike	O
glycoprotein	B-CHED
of	O
human	B-SPEC
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
in	O
virus	O
entry	O
and	O
syncytia	B-ANAT
formation	B-PROC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Little	O
is	O
known	O
about	O
the	O
biology	O
of	O
the	O
emerging	O
human	B-SPEC
group	O
c	O
betacoronavirus	B-SPEC
,	O
Middle	O
East	O
Respiratory	O
Syndrome	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
).	O

MERS	O
pseudovirions	O
released	O
from	O
293T	O
cells	B-COMP
contained	O
only	O
uncleaved	O
S	O
,	O
and	O
pseudovirus	O
entry	O
was	O
blocked	O
by	O
lysosomotropic	O
reagents	B-CHED
NH4Cl	B-CHED
and	O
bafilomycin	O
and	O
inhibitors	B-CHED
of	O
cathepsin	B-PRGE
L	I-PRGE
.	O
However	O
,	O
when	O
MERS	O
pseudovirions	O
with	O
uncleaved	O
S	O
protein	O
were	O
adsorbed	O
at	O
4	O
°	O
C	O
to	O
Vero	O
E6	O
cells	B-COMP
,	O
brief	O
trypsin	B-PRGE
treatment	O
at	O
neutral	O
pH	O
triggered	O
virus	B-SPEC
entry	O
at	O
the	O
plasma	B-COMP
membrane	I-COMP
and	O
syncytia	B-ANAT
formation	B-PROC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Assembly	O
and	O
immunogenicity	O
of	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
-	O
like	O
particles	O
carrying	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
M	O
and	O
S	O
proteins	B-CHED
.	O

Patients	O
were	O
categorized	O
according	O
to	O
the	O
two	O
definitions	O
,	O
as	O
follows	O
:	O
ALI	O
,	O
36	O
;	O
ARDS	O
,	O
185	O
(	O
for	O
the	O
American	O
-	O
European	O
Consensus	O
Conference	O
(	O
AECC	O
)	O
definition	O
);	O
mild	O
,	O
36	O
;	O
moderate	O
,	O
97	O
;	O
severe	O
ARDS	B-DISO
,	O
88	O
(	O
for	O
BD	O
).	O

There	O
was	O
significant	O
concordance	O
between	O
raters	O
evaluating	O
radiographs	O
[	O
ICC	B-DISO
0	O
.	O
6	O
(	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
0	O
.	O
2	O
-	O
0	O
.	O
8	O
)]	O
and	O
risk	O
factors	O
[	O
ICC	B-DISO
0	O
.	O
92	O
(	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
0	O
.	O
8	O
-	O
0	O
.	O
97	O
)].	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Patients	O
were	O
categorized	O
according	O
to	O
the	O
two	O
definitions	O
,	O
as	O
follows	O
:	O
ALI	O
,	O
36	O
;	O
ARDS	B-DISO
,	O
185	O
(	O
for	O
the	O
American	O
-	O
European	O
Consensus	O
Conference	O
(	O
AECC	O
)	O
definition	O
);	O
mild	O
,	O
36	O
;	O
moderate	O
,	O
97	O
;	O
severe	O
ARDS	B-DISO
,	O
88	O
(	O
for	O
BD	O
).	O

This	O
review	O
is	O
aimed	O
at	O
the	O
clinical	O
neurologist	O
in	O
that	O
it	O
offers	O
insights	O
into	O
potential	O
adverse	O
events	O
of	O
each	O
of	O
the	O
approved	O
MS	O
therapeutics	O
:	O
interferon	B-PRGE
beta	I-PRGE
,	O
glatiramer	O
acetate	B-CHED
,	O
mitoxantrone	B-CHED
,	O
natalizumab	O
,	O
fingolimod	B-CHED
and	O
teriflunomide	B-CHED
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
recently	O
approved	O
therapeutics	O
such	O
as	O
dimethyl	B-CHED
fumarate	B-CHED
and	O
alemtuzumab	O
.	O

Immunological	O
assessments	O
demonstrated	O
decreased	O
IgM	B-PRGE
,	O
increased	O
IgE	B-DISO
,	O
T	O
lymphocytepenia	O
,	O
especially	O
in	O
CD4	B-PRGE
T	I-PRGE
cells	O
,	O
decreased	O
PHA	B-DISO
blastogenesis	B-PROC
,	O
and	O
decreased	O
CD27	B-PRGE
(+)	I-PRGE
CD19	I-PRGE
(+)	O
memory	B-PROC
B	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
.	O

As	O
far	O
as	O
we	O
know	O
,	O
this	O
is	O
the	O
first	O
Japanese	O
case	O
of	O
DOCK8	B-PRGE
deficiency	O
.	O

We	O
show	O
that	O
bat	B-PRGE
DPP4	I-PRGE
genes	I-PRGE
have	O
been	O
subject	O
to	O
significant	O
adaptive	O
evolution	B-PROC
,	O
suggestive	O
of	O
a	O
long	O
-	O
term	O
arms	B-DISO
-	O
race	O
between	O
bats	B-SPEC
and	O
MERS	O
related	O
CoVs	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
human	O
coronavirus	O
OC43	O
is	O
a	O
major	O
contributor	O
to	O
the	O
common	B-DISO
cold	I-DISO
worldwide	O
,	O
though	O
due	O
to	O
its	O
low	O
mortality	O
rate	O
,	O
little	O
research	O
has	O
focused	O
on	O
this	O
human	B-SPEC
pathogen	O
.	O

In	O
order	B-SPEC
to	O
implement	O
more	O
strict	O
entry	O
screening	O
in	O
the	O
epidemic	O
seasons	O
of	O
emerging	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
,	O
we	O
developed	O
an	O
infection	B-DISO
screening	O
system	O
for	O
airport	O
quarantines	O
using	O
multi	O
-	O
parameter	O
vital	O
signs	O
.	O

MAb	O
5E12	O
not	O
only	O
reacted	O
with	O
rS1	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
indirect	O
ELISA	O
and	O
Western	O
blot	O
,	O
but	O
also	O
recognized	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
transiently	O
expressed	B-PROC
in	O
Vero	O
E6	O
cells	B-COMP
in	O
indirect	O
immunofluorescence	O
examinations	O
.	O

Among	O
them	O
,	O
18	O
(	O
6	O
.	O
5	O
%)	O
did	O
not	O
comply	O
with	O
the	O
Berlin	O
criterion	O
PEEP	B-CHED
≥	O
5	O
cmH2O	O
and	O
20	O
(	O
7	O
.	O
2	O
%)	O
had	O
PaO2	O
/	O
FiO2	O
ratio	O
≤	O
200	O
while	O
on	O
noninvasive	O
ventilation	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Children	O
with	O
multiple	O
viral	O
respiratory	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
are	O
older	O
than	O
those	O
with	O
single	O
viruses	B-SPEC
.	O

Demographic	O
data	O
from	O
37	O
multiple	O
infection	B-DISO
periods	B-PROC
in	O
children	O
<	O
5	O
years	O
of	O
age	O
were	O
compared	O
to	O
data	O
from	O
193	O
episodes	O
with	O
single	O
infections	B-DISO
.	O

No	O
differences	O
were	O
found	O
regarding	O
duration	O
of	O
hospitalisation	O
,	O
oxygen	B-CHED
treatment	O
or	O
admittance	O
to	O
the	O
intensive	O
care	O
unit	O
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
Children	O
with	O
multiple	O
viral	O
findings	O
in	O
their	O
respiratory	O
secretions	B-ANAT
were	O
older	O
than	O
those	O
with	O
a	O
single	O
detected	O
virus	B-SPEC
.	O

Neither	O
enterotoxigenic	O
E	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
coli	I-SPEC
,	O
Clostridium	B-SPEC
perfringens	I-SPEC
type	O
A	O
or	O
C	O
,	O
Clostridium	B-SPEC
difficile	I-SPEC
,	O
rotavirus	B-SPEC
,	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
,	O
Cryptosporidium	B-SPEC
spp	B-ENZY
,	O
Giardia	B-DISO
spp	B-ENZY
,	O
Cystoisospora	B-SPEC
suis	I-SPEC
nor	O
Strongyloides	B-SPEC
ransomi	I-SPEC
were	O
associated	O
with	O
diarrhoea	B-DISO
in	O
the	O
investigated	O
outbreaks	O
.	O

The	O
predominant	O
histological	O
lesions	O
were	O
villous	O
atrophy	B-DISO
in	O
jejunum	B-ANAT
and	O
ileum	B-ANAT
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Four	O
well	O
-	O
managed	O
herds	O
experiencing	O
neonatal	B-DISO
diarrhoea	I-DISO
with	O
no	O
previously	O
established	O
laboratory	O
conclusion	O
and	O
suspected	O
to	O
suffer	B-DISO
from	O
New	O
Neonatal	O
Porcine	B-SPEC
Diarrhoea	B-DISO
Syndrome	B-DISO
,	O
were	O
selected	O
.	O

Spokespersons	O
of	O
health	O
and	O
medical	O
institutions	O
play	O
an	O
important	O
role	O
in	O
media	B-ANAT
relations	O
during	O
the	O
crisis	O
of	O
a	O
newly	O
emerging	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
Spokespersons	O
of	O
health	O
and	O
medical	O
institutions	O
play	O
an	O
important	O
role	O
in	O
media	B-ANAT
relations	O
during	O
the	O
crisis	O
of	O
a	O
newly	O
emerging	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
.	O

Severe	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
that	O
did	O
not	O
respond	O
to	O
optimal	O
conventional	O
treatment	O
led	O
us	O
to	O
employ	O
venovenous	O
extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenation	B-PROC
.	O

At	O
one	O
-	O
year	O
follow	O
-	O
up	O
he	O
is	O
in	O
NYHA	O
class	B-SPEC
I	O
with	O
full	O
functional	O
autonomy	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Proteolytic	B-PROC
activation	O
of	O
the	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
coronavirus	B-SPEC
spike	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
:	O
cutting	O
enzymes	O
at	O
the	O
cutting	O
edge	O
of	O
antiviral	O
research	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Prospective	O
evaluation	O
for	O
respiratory	O
pathogens	O
in	O
children	O
with	O
sickle	B-DISO
cell	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
and	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
illness	O
.	O

Clinical	O
characteristics	O
and	O
distribution	O
of	O
respiratory	O
viruses	B-SPEC
in	O
patients	O
with	O
and	O
without	O
acute	B-DISO
chest	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ACS	B-FUNC
)	O
were	O
evaluated	O
.	O

The	O
demographic	O
characteristics	O
of	O
patients	O
with	O
and	O
without	O
ACS	B-FUNC
were	O
similar	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Even	O
after	O
storage	B-PROC
for	O
21	O
days	O
,	O
test	O
results	O
were	O
comparable	O
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
The	O
Rivalta	O
'	O
s	O
test	O
seems	O
to	O
be	O
a	O
very	O
robust	O
test	O
concerning	O
storage	B-PROC
conditions	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenation	B-PROC
for	O
refractory	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
in	O
severe	O
malaria	O
.	O

In	O
one	O
patient	O
,	O
a	O
bicaval	O
dual	O
-	O
lumen	B-ANAT
cannula	B-SPEC
was	O
inserted	O
;	O
in	O
the	O
two	O
other	O
patients	O
,	O
a	O
two	O
-	O
site	O
configuration	O
was	O
used	O
.	O

Females	O
are	O
also	O
a	O
mosaic	O
of	O
cells	B-COMP
with	O
genes	O
from	O
either	O
paternal	O
or	O
maternal	O
X	B-COMP
chromosome	I-COMP
.	O

In	O
light	O
of	O
recent	O
functional	O
,	O
biochemical	O
and	O
structural	O
findings	O
,	O
we	O
review	O
the	O
inhibition	O
mechanisms	O
of	O
RLRs	O
recognition	O
of	O
dsRNA	B-CHED
displayed	O
by	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
highly	O
pathogenic	O
RNA	O
viruses	B-SPEC
with	O
different	O
disease	O
phenotypes	O
such	O
as	O
haemorrhagic	B-DISO
fever	I-DISO
(	O
Ebola	O
,	O
Marburg	O
,	O
Lassa	B-DISO
fever	I-DISO
,	O
Lujo	O
,	O
Machupo	O
,	O
Junin	O
,	O
Guanarito	O
,	O
Crimean	O
-	O
Congo	O
,	O
Rift	B-DISO
Valley	I-DISO
fever	I-DISO
,	O
dengue	B-DISO
),	O
severe	O
respiratory	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
(	O
influenza	B-DISO
,	O
SARS	B-DISO
,	O
Hendra	O
,	O
Hantaan	O
,	O
Sin	B-PROC
Nombre	O
,	O
Andes	B-SPEC
)	O
and	O
encephalitis	B-DISO
(	O
Nipah	O
,	O
West	O
Nile	O
).	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Coronaviruses	O
are	O
known	O
to	O
infect	O
humans	O
and	O
other	O
animals	B-SPEC
and	O
cause	O
respiratory	O
and	O
gastrointestinal	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
.	O

The	O
finding	O
that	O
the	O
emergent	O
U	O
.	O
S	O
.	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
strains	O
share	O
unique	O
genetic	O
features	O
at	O
the	O
5	O
'-	O
untranslated	O
region	O
with	O
a	O
bat	B-ENZY
coronavirus	B-SPEC
provided	O
further	O
support	O
of	O
the	O
evolutionary	O
origin	O
of	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
from	O
bats	B-SPEC
and	O
potential	O
cross	O
-	O
species	B-SPEC
transmission	O
.	O

Detailed	O
analyses	O
of	O
the	O
full	O
hedgehog	O
intestine	B-ANAT
showed	O
the	O
highest	O
EriCoV	O
concentrations	O
in	O
lower	B-ANAT
gastrointestinal	I-ANAT
tract	I-ANAT
specimens	O
,	O
compatible	O
with	O
viral	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
in	O
the	O
lower	O
intestine	B-ANAT
and	O
fecal	B-ANAT
-	O
oral	B-ANAT
transmission	O
.	O

Given	O
the	O
lack	O
of	O
related	O
ongoing	O
or	O
recently	O
completed	O
randomized	O
trials	O
,	O
new	O
data	O
addressing	O
the	O
effectiveness	O
of	O
nitric	B-CHED
oxide	I-CHED
in	O
patients	O
with	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
and	O
severe	O
hypoxemia	O
will	O
not	O
be	O
available	O
for	O
the	O
foreseeable	O
future	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
In	O
the	O
prone	O
position	O
,	O
computed	O
tomography	O
scan	O
densities	O
redistribute	O
from	O
dorsal	O
to	O
ventral	O
as	O
the	O
dorsal	O
region	O
tends	O
to	O
reexpand	O
while	O
the	O
ventral	O
zone	O
tends	O
to	O
collapse	B-DISO
.	O

MAP	O
recovery	O
was	O
delayed	O
∼	O
10	O
s	O
by	O
5	B-CHED
-	I-CHED
HT	I-CHED
deficiency	O
(	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
001	O
).	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Although	O
intra	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
abdominal	I-DISO
hypertension	I-DISO
(	O
IAH	B-FUNC
)	O
and	O
abdominal	B-DISO
compartment	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ACS	B-FUNC
)	O
are	O
associated	O
with	O
substantial	O
morbidity	O
and	O
mortality	O
among	O
critically	B-DISO
ill	I-DISO
adults	O
,	O
it	O
remains	O
unknown	O
if	O
prevention	O
or	O
treatment	O
of	O
these	O
conditions	O
improves	O
patient	O
outcomes	O
.	O

It	O
is	O
still	O
not	O
known	O
what	O
the	O
source	O
of	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
is	O
and	O
what	O
the	O
best	O
treatment	O
modality	O
should	O
be	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Bats	B-SPEC
,	O
emerging	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
,	O
and	O
the	O
rabies	B-DISO
paradigm	O
revisited	O
.	O

We	O
also	O
identified	O
DMVs	O
in	O
IBV	B-SPEC
-	O
infected	O
cells	B-COMP
that	O
were	O
observed	O
as	O
single	O
individual	O
DMVs	O
or	O
were	O
connected	O
to	O
the	O
ER	O
via	O
their	O
outer	B-COMP
membrane	I-COMP
but	O
not	O
to	O
the	O
zippered	O
ER	O
.	O

All	O
positive	O
-	O
sense	B-PROC
single	O
-	O
stranded	O
RNA	O
viruses	B-SPEC
induce	O
rearranged	O
cellular	B-COMP
membranes	B-ANAT
,	O
providing	O
a	O
platform	O
for	O
viral	B-COMP
replication	I-COMP
complex	I-COMP
assembly	O
and	O
protecting	O
viral	O
RNA	O
from	O
cellular	B-COMP
defenses	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
the	O
role	O
of	O
DMVs	O
and	O
CMs	O
in	O
viral	O
RNA	B-PROC
synthesis	I-PROC
remains	O
unclear	O
because	O
these	O
sealed	O
vesicles	B-COMP
lack	O
a	O
means	O
of	O
delivering	O
viral	O
RNA	O
to	O
the	O
cytoplasm	B-COMP
.	O

Significantly	O
,	O
spherules	O
contain	O
a	O
channel	O
connecting	O
their	O
interior	O
to	O
the	O
cytoplasm	B-COMP
and	O
strongly	O
resemble	O
confirmed	O
sites	O
of	O
RNA	B-PROC
synthesis	I-PROC
for	O
other	O
positive	O
-	O
sense	B-PROC
RNA	O
viruses	B-SPEC
,	O
making	O
them	O
ideal	O
candidates	O
for	O
the	O
site	O
of	O
IBV	B-SPEC
RNA	B-PROC
synthesis	I-PROC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
The	O
2009	O
pandemic	O
influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
(	O
H1N1	O
)	O
coincides	O
with	O
changes	O
in	O
the	O
epidemiology	O
of	O
other	O
viral	O
pathogens	O
causing	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
tract	O
infections	O
in	O
children	O
.	O

The	O
RSV	B-SPEC
and	O
hMPV	B-SPEC
epidemics	O
of	O
2009	O
/	O
2010	O
erupted	O
several	O
weeks	O
later	O
than	O
expected	O
based	O
on	O
data	O
collected	O
in	O
the	O
PID	B-DISO
-	O
ARI	B-CHED
-	O
Network	O
during	O
the	O
past	O
10	O
years	O
,	O
whereas	O
in	O
the	O
2010	O
/	O
2011	O
influenza	B-DISO
season	O
they	O
occurred	O
as	O
expected	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Hypoxemia	O
is	O
a	O
feared	O
complication	O
of	O
acute	B-DISO
liver	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
,	O
and	O
high	O
oxygen	B-CHED
requirements	O
will	O
frequently	O
lead	O
to	O
removal	O
of	O
patients	O
from	O
the	O
transplant	B-ANAT
list	O
.	O

Thirty	O
-	O
one	O
(	O
21	O
%)	O
had	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
17	O
mild	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
[	O
12	O
%],	O
9	O
moderate	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
[	O
12	O
%],	O
and	O
5	O
severe	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
)	O
within	O
the	O
first	O
72	O
hours	O
following	O
admission	O
.	O

79	O
.	O
66	O
%	O
(	O
141	O
of	O
177	O
)	O
pig	B-SPEC
farms	O
in	O
29	O
provinces	O
(	O
excluding	O
Tibet	O
and	O
Hainan	O
,	O
China	O
)	O
and	O
72	O
.	O
27	O
%	O
(	O
417	O
of	O
577	O
)	O
samples	O
were	O
positive	O
for	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
confirmed	O
by	O
reverse	B-PROC
transcription	I-PROC
-	O
polymerase	O
chain	O
reaction	O
(	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
).	O

Most	O
field	O
strains	O
have	O
nucleotide	B-CHED
deletion	O
and	O
insertion	O
regions	O
,	O
and	O
show	O
lower	O
homologies	O
(	O
93	O
.	O
5	O
%-	O
94	O
.	O
2	O
%)	O
with	O
Chinese	O
classical	O
strain	O
CH	O
/	O
S	O
,	O
however	O
higher	O
homologies	O
(	O
97	O
.	O
1	O
%-	O
99	O
.	O
3	O
%)	O
with	O
recent	O
strain	O
CHGD	O
-	O
1	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Real	O
-	O
time	O
reverse	B-PROC
transcription	I-PROC
-	O
PCR	O
assay	O
panel	O
for	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
clinical	O
and	O
laboratory	O
findings	O
in	O
puppies	O
naturally	O
infected	O
with	O
canine	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
CCoV	O
)	O
and	O
/	O
or	O
canine	O
parvovirus	B-DISO
(	O
CPV	B-SPEC
)	O
were	O
compared	O
with	O
findings	O
in	O
uninfected	O
puppies	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Using	O
the	O
five	O
best	O
-	O
performing	O
biomarkers	O
(	O
surfactant	B-CHED
protein	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
D	I-PRGE
(	O
SP	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
D	I-PRGE
),	O
receptor	O
for	O
advanced	O
glycation	O
end	O
-	O
products	O
(	O
RAGE	O
),	O
interleukin	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
8	I-PRGE
(	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
8	I-FUNC
),	O
club	B-PRGE
cell	I-PRGE
secretory	B-PROC
protein	B-CHED
(	O
CC	O
-	O
16	O
),	O
and	O
interleukin	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
6	I-PRGE
(	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
6	I-FUNC
))	O
the	O
area	O
under	O
the	O
receiver	O
operator	O
characteristic	O
curve	O
(	O
AUC	O
)	O
was	O
0	O
.	O
75	O
(	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
:	O
0	O
.	O
7	O
to	O
0	O
.	O
84	O
)	O
for	O
the	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

Hypovolemia	O
was	O
defined	O
as	O
less	O
than	O
0	O
%,	O
euvolemia	O
was	O
defined	O
as	O
0	O
%	O
to	O
+	O
16	O
%,	O
and	O
hypervolemia	B-DISO
was	O
defined	O
as	O
greater	O
than	O
+	O
16	O
%	O
deviation	O
from	O
ideal	O
BV	O
.	O

BNP	O
and	O
RVEDVI	O
measurements	O
obtained	O
with	O
BV	O
analysis	O
were	O
evaluated	O
with	O
Fisher	B-SPEC
'	O
s	O
exact	O
test	O
and	O
regression	O
analysis	O
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
In	O
critically	B-DISO
ill	I-DISO
surgical	O
patients	O
,	O
BNP	O
and	O
RVEDVI	O
were	O
not	O
associated	O
with	O
intravascular	O
volume	O
status	O
,	O
although	O
they	O
may	O
be	O
useful	O
as	O
indices	O
that	O
reflect	O
increased	O
cardiac	B-ANAT
preload	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Human	O
coronaviruses	O
(	O
HCoVs	O
)	O
are	O
considered	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
most	O
common	O
respiratory	O
viruses	B-SPEC
associated	O
with	O
respiratory	B-ANAT
tract	I-ANAT
illnesses	O
.	O

The	O
prevalence	O
of	O
HCoVs	O
was	O
higher	O
among	O
children	O
with	O
heart	O
diseases	O
(	O
24	O
.	O
6	O
%),	O
patients	O
under	O
stem	B-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
transplantation	O
program	O
(	O
24	O
.	O
3	O
%)	O
and	O
renal	B-ANAT
transplanted	B-ANAT
patients	O
(	O
20	O
.	O
2	O
%).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Cardiopulmonary	B-ANAT
involvement	O
in	O
Puumala	B-SPEC
hantavirus	I-SPEC
infection	O
.	O

Two	O
-	O
thirds	O
of	O
the	O
patients	O
experienced	O
respiratory	O
symptoms	O
as	O
dry	B-DISO
cough	I-DISO
or	O
dyspnoea	B-DISO
.	O

In	O
a	O
majority	O
of	O
patients	O
with	O
PUUV	O
-	O
infection	B-DISO
,	O
both	O
cardiac	B-ANAT
and	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
involvement	I-DISO
was	O
demonstrated	O
with	O
implications	O
on	O
patients	O
'	O
recovery	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Two	O
-	O
thirds	O
of	O
the	O
patients	O
experienced	O
respiratory	B-DISO
symptoms	I-DISO
as	O
dry	B-DISO
cough	I-DISO
or	O
dyspnoea	B-DISO
.	O

In	O
the	O
most	O
severe	O
cases	O
,	O
it	O
can	O
cause	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
,	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
,	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
,	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
hypertension	I-DISO
,	O
and	O
death	B-PROC
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
IBV	B-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
contributed	O
to	O
differential	O
expression	B-PROC
of	O
1777	O
genes	O
,	O
of	O
which	O
876	O
were	O
up	O
-	O
regulated	O
and	O
901	O
down	O
-	O
regulated	O
in	O
the	O
kidney	B-ANAT
compared	O
to	O
those	O
of	O
control	O
chickens	B-SPEC
and	O
103	O
associated	O
with	O
immune	O
and	O
inflammatory	B-DISO
responses	I-DISO
may	O
play	O
important	O
roles	O
in	O
the	O
host	B-PROC
defense	B-PROC
response	I-PROC
during	O
IBV	B-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
.	O

Most	O
of	O
these	O
genes	O
were	O
related	O
and	O
formed	O
a	O
large	O
network	O
,	O
in	O
which	O
IL6	B-PRGE
,	O
STAT1	B-PRGE
,	O
MYD88	B-PRGE
,	O
IRF1	B-PRGE
and	O
NFKB2	B-PRGE
were	O
key	O
genes	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Outcome	O
of	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
patients	O
treated	O
with	O
extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenation	O
and	O
brought	O
to	O
a	O
referral	O
center	O
.	O

Patients	O
with	O
an	O
influenza	B-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
diagnosis	O
and	O
a	O
SOFA	O
score	O
before	O
ECMO	O
of	O
less	O
than	O
12	O
had	O
a	O
mortality	O
rate	O
of	O
22	O
%.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
document	O
the	O
clinical	O
features	O
of	O
Guillain	O
-	O
Barré	O
syndrome	O
(	O
GBS	B-DISO
)	O
in	O
Australia	O
,	O
we	O
performed	O
a	O
retrospective	O
analysis	O
of	O
all	O
patients	O
admitted	O
to	O
several	O
hospitals	O
along	O
the	O
East	O
Coast	O
of	O
Australia	O
from	O
2000	O
to	O
2012	O
.	O

Our	O
results	O
provide	O
the	O
strongest	O
evidence	O
to	O
date	O
that	O
Chinese	O
horseshoe	B-SPEC
bats	I-SPEC
are	O
natural	O
reservoirs	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
,	O
and	O
that	O
intermediate	O
hosts	B-COMP
may	O
not	O
be	O
necessary	O
for	O
direct	O
human	B-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
by	O
some	O
bat	B-ENZY
SL	O
-	O
CoVs	O
.	O

The	O
2007	O
National	O
Asthma	B-PATH
Education	O
and	O
Prevention	O
Program	O
Expert	O
Panel	O
3	O
provides	O
guidelines	O
for	O
the	O
treatment	O
of	O
uncontrolled	O
asthma	B-PATH
.	O

Immunomodulation	B-PROC
with	O
drugs	O
like	O
omalizumab	O
in	O
IgE	B-DISO
-	O
mediated	O
asthma	B-PATH
syndromes	B-DISO
is	O
one	O
important	O
approach	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
The	O
unusual	O
presentation	O
of	O
a	O
usual	O
organism	O
-	O
the	O
changing	O
spectrum	O
of	O
the	O
clinical	O
manifestations	O
of	O
Plasmodium	B-DISO
vivax	I-DISO
malaria	B-PATH
in	O
children	O
:	O
a	O
retrospective	O
study	O
.	O

Among	O
all	O
countries	O
in	O
the	O
SE	O
Asian	O
region	O
the	O
highest	O
number	O
of	O
cases	O
and	O
deaths	B-PROC
are	O
reported	O
from	O
India	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
in	O
recent	O
years	O
,	O
the	O
spectrum	O
of	O
is	O
shifting	O
from	O
being	O
the	O
cause	O
of	O
benign	O
fever	B-PROC
,	O
to	O
more	O
severe	O
complications	O
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
Plasmodium	B-SPEC
vivax	I-SPEC
is	O
emerging	O
as	O
a	O
cause	O
of	O
severe	O
malaria	B-PATH
.	O

Sequencing	O
of	O
the	O
malaria	B-PATH
parasite	O
DNA	O
from	O
both	O
cases	O
,	O
followed	O
by	O
multiple	O
sequence	O
alignment	O
and	O
phylogenetic	O
tree	O
construction	O
suggested	O
that	O
the	O
causative	O
agent	O
for	O
both	O
malaria	B-PATH
cases	O
was	O
P	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
ovale	I-SPEC
curtisi	I-SPEC
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Sequencing	O
of	O
the	O
malaria	B-PATH
parasite	O
DNA	O
from	O
both	O
cases	O
,	O
followed	O
by	O
multiple	O
sequence	O
alignment	O
and	O
phylogenetic	O
tree	O
construction	O
suggested	O
that	O
the	O
causative	O
agent	O
for	O
both	O
malaria	B-PATH
cases	O
was	O
P	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
ovale	I-SPEC
curtisi	I-SPEC
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
Plasmodium	B-SPEC
ovale	I-SPEC
is	O
potentially	O
capable	O
of	O
causing	O
severe	O
complications	O
,	O
if	O
not	O
death	B-PROC
.	O

As	O
a	O
strongly	O
dissociated	O
anion	B-CHED
(	O
pK	O
'=	O
3	O
.	O
7	O
)	O
directly	O
changing	O
the	O
strong	O
ion	O
difference	O
,	O
lactate	B-CHED
causes	O
a	O
reduction	O
in	O
the	O
dependent	O
anion	B-CHED
[	O
HCO3	O
-]	O
and	O
a	O
rise	O
in	O
[	O
H	O
+],	O
resulting	O
in	O
""""	O
metabolic	B-PROC
""""	O
acidosis	B-DISO
in	O
the	O
CSF	B-ANAT
.	O

Moreover	O
,	O
lactate	B-CHED
and	O
acidosis	B-DISO
have	O
been	O
shown	O
to	O
cause	O
astrocytic	B-ANAT
swelling	B-DISO
and	O
to	O
affect	O
astrocytic	B-ANAT
viability	O
,	O
potentially	O
rendering	O
astrocytes	B-ANAT
more	O
susceptible	O
to	O
AQP4	B-PRGE
-	O
Ab	O
-	O
mediated	O
damage	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
In	O
2002	O
/	O
2003	O
,	O
a	O
novel	O
coronavirus	O
(	O
CoV	O
)	O
caused	O
a	O
pandemic	O
,	O
infecting	O
more	O
than	O
8000	O
people	O
,	O
of	O
whom	O
nearly	O
10	O
%	O
died	B-PROC
.	O

We	O
also	O
demonstrate	O
a	O
geographic	O
bias	B-SPEC
within	O
available	O
studies	O
on	O
bat	B-ENZY
CoVs	O
,	O
and	O
identify	O
a	O
critical	O
lack	O
of	O
information	O
from	O
biodiversity	O
hotspots	O
in	O
Africa	O
,	O
Asia	O
and	O
Latin	O
America	O
.	O

This	O
paper	O
forms	O
part	O
of	O
a	O
symposium	O
in	O
Antiviral	B-CHED
Research	O
on	O
""""	O
from	O
SARS	B-DISO
to	O
MERS	O
:	O
10years	O
of	O
research	O
on	O
highly	O
pathogenic	O
human	B-SPEC
coronaviruses	O
"""."	O

This	O
study	O
fills	O
a	O
substantive	O
gap	O
in	O
the	O
knowledge	O
on	O
bat	B-ENZY
-	O
CoV	O
ecology	O
in	O
Italy	O
,	O
and	O
extends	O
the	O
current	O
knowledge	O
on	O
clade	O
2c	O
betacoronaviruses	O
with	O
new	O
sequences	O
obtained	O
from	O
bats	B-SPEC
that	O
have	O
not	O
been	O
previously	O
described	O
as	O
hosts	B-COMP
of	O
these	O
viruses	B-SPEC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Biochemical	O
analysis	O
and	O
application	O
of	O
molecular	O
display	O
technology	O
on	O
Candida	B-SPEC
albicans	I-SPEC
for	O
diagnosing	O
and	O
preventing	O
candidiasis	O
.	O

Three	O
major	O
infectious	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
,	O
namely	O
AIDS	O
,	O
malaria	B-PATH
,	O
and	O
tuberculosis	B-PATH
,	O
are	O
killing	O
around	O
8	O
million	O
people	O
in	O
the	O
world	O
annually	O
.	O

Given	O
that	O
ORF7	O
encodes	O
two	O
proteins	B-CHED
,	O
7a	O
and	O
7b	O
,	O
it	O
was	O
further	O
explored	O
which	O
of	O
these	O
proteins	B-CHED
is	O
active	O
in	O
this	O
mechanism	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Interferon	B-PRGE
Lambda	I-PRGE
(	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
λ	I-PRGE
)	O
is	O
a	O
type	O
III	O
interferon	B-PRGE
which	O
belongs	O
to	O
a	O
novel	O
family	B-SPEC
of	O
cytokines	O
and	O
possesses	B-DISO
antiviral	B-CHED
and	O
antitumor	O
properties	O
.	O

It	O
is	O
unique	O
in	O
its	O
own	O
class	B-SPEC
of	O
cytokines	O
;	O
because	O
of	O
the	O
specificity	O
towards	O
its	O
heterodimer	O
receptors	O
and	O
its	O
structural	O
similarities	O
with	O
cytokines	O
of	O
other	O
classes	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Bedside	O
selection	O
of	O
positive	O
end	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
expiratory	I-PROC
pressure	O
in	O
mild	O
,	O
moderate	O
,	O
and	O
severe	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

Whole	O
lung	B-ANAT
CT	O
scans	O
were	O
taken	O
in	O
static	O
conditions	O
at	O
5	O
and	O
45	O
cm	O
H2O	B-CHED
during	O
an	O
end	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
expiratory	I-PROC
/	O
end	O
-	O
inspiratory	B-PROC
pause	O
to	O
measure	O
lung	B-ANAT
recruitability	O
.	O

Positive	O
end	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
expiratory	I-PROC
pressure	O
levels	O
selected	O
by	O
the	O
ExPress	O
,	O
stress	O
index	O
,	O
and	O
absolute	O
esophageal	O
pressures	O
methods	O
were	O
unrelated	O
with	O
lung	B-ANAT
recruitability	O
,	O
whereas	O
positive	O
end	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
expiratory	I-PROC
pressure	O
levels	O
selected	O
by	O
the	O
lung	B-ANAT
open	O
ventilation	O
method	O
showed	O
a	O
weak	O
relationship	O
with	O
lung	B-ANAT
recruitability	O
(	O
r	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
29	O
;	O
p	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
0001	O
).	O

The	O
positive	O
end	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
expiratory	I-PROC
pressure	O
selected	O
by	O
the	O
different	O
methods	O
were	O
unrelated	O
to	O
each	O
other	O
with	O
the	O
exception	O
of	O
the	O
two	O
methods	O
based	O
on	O
lung	B-ANAT
mechanics	O
(	O
ExPress	O
and	O
stress	O
index	O
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Fatal	O
colchicine	B-CHED
poisoning	O
by	O
accidental	O
ingestion	O
of	O
Colchicum	B-SPEC
persicum	I-SPEC
:	O
a	O
case	O
report	O
.	O

The	O
unknown	O
cause	O
of	O
death	O
was	O
disclosed	O
after	O
determination	O
of	O
colchicine	B-CHED
in	O
the	O
plant	B-SPEC
and	O
botanical	O
identification	O
as	O
Colchicum	B-SPEC
persicum	I-SPEC
.	O

The	O
committee	O
determined	O
the	O
most	O
probable	O
cause	O
of	O
death	B-PROC
as	O
acute	O
cardiopulmonary	B-ANAT
complications	O
induced	O
by	O
colchicine	B-CHED
poisoning	O
and	O
the	O
manner	O
of	O
death	B-PROC
as	O
accidental	O
.	O

Virus	B-SPEC
production	O
in	O
cell	B-COMP
culture	O
was	O
confirmed	O
by	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
-	O
specific	O
real	O
-	O
time	O
reverse	O
-	O
transcription	O
PCR	O
(	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
),	O
immunofluorescence	O
assays	O
,	O
and	O
electron	O
microscopy	O
.	O

These	O
data	O
indicated	O
that	O
activation	O
of	O
the	O
NF	O
-	O
κB	O
signaling	B-PROC
pathway	I-PROC
represents	O
a	O
major	O
contribution	O
to	O
the	O
inflammation	B-DISO
induced	O
after	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
CoV	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
and	O
that	O
NF	O
-	O
κB	O
inhibitors	B-CHED
are	O
promising	O
antivirals	B-CHED
in	O
infections	B-DISO
caused	O
by	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
and	O
potentially	O
other	O
pathogenic	O
human	B-SPEC
coronaviruses	O
.	O

Although	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
α	I-PRGE
/	I-PRGE
β	I-PRGE
induction	O
by	O
coronaviruses	O
is	O
modest	O
,	O
it	O
effectively	O
limits	O
viral	O
spread	O
within	O
the	O
central	B-ANAT
nervous	I-ANAT
system	I-ANAT
(	O
CNS	B-CHED
)	O
and	O
protects	O
against	O
mortality	O
.	O

Bats	B-SPEC
might	O
play	O
a	O
role	O
in	O
human	B-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
.	O

Real	O
time	O
RT	O
-	O
qPCR	O
developed	O
focusing	O
on	O
2	O
up	O
-	O
regulated	O
genes	O
(	O
PD	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
L1	I-PRGE
and	O
A3H	O
)	O
together	O
with	O
an	O
apoptosis	B-PATH
associated	O
gene	O
PD	O
-	O
1	O
expressions	O
in	O
FIPV	O
infected	O
CRFK	O
cells	B-COMP
and	O
in	O
PBMCs	O
from	O
healthy	O
and	O
FIP	B-DISO
diagnosed	O
cats	B-SPEC
produced	O
concordant	O
results	O
with	O
transcriptome	O
data	O
.	O

Our	O
aim	O
is	O
to	O
verify	O
if	O
NAVA	O
is	O
feasible	O
and	O
safe	O
in	O
terms	O
of	O
physiological	O
and	O
clinical	O
variables	O
in	O
infants	O
recovering	O
from	O
severe	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Role	O
of	O
CD25	B-PRGE
(+)	I-PRGE
CD4	I-PRGE
(+)	O
T	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
in	O
acute	O
and	O
persistent	O
coronavirus	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
of	O
the	O
central	B-ANAT
nervous	B-DISO
system	I-ANAT
.	O

These	O
data	O
suggest	O
that	O
CNS	B-CHED
inflammation	B-DISO
,	O
progression	O
of	O
viral	O
control	O
and	O
viral	O
persistence	O
are	O
relatively	O
independent	O
of	O
CD25	B-PRGE
(+)	I-PRGE
CD4	I-PRGE
(+)	I-PRGE
Treg	O
.	O

Existing	O
national	O
guidelines	O
do	O
not	O
present	O
consistent	O
or	O
specific	O
recommendations	O
for	O
the	O
evaluation	O
and	O
treatment	O
of	O
individual	O
asthma	B-PATH
patients	O
in	O
respiratory	B-DISO
distress	I-DISO
.	O

Acute	B-DISO
severe	I-DISO
asthma	I-DISO
,	O
refractory	O
asthma	B-PATH
,	O
status	B-DISO
asthmaticus	I-DISO
,	O
and	O
near	O
-	O
fatal	O
asthma	B-PATH
all	O
describe	O
CAS	B-DISO
where	O
physical	O
exhaustion	B-DISO
from	O
the	O
overwhelming	O
work	B-PROC
of	I-PROC
breathing	I-PROC
leads	O
to	O
respiratory	B-DISO
arrest	I-DISO
and	O
death	B-PROC
from	O
hypoxia	B-DISO
or	O
related	O
complications	O
.	O

The	O
authors	O
of	O
this	O
supplement	O
seek	O
to	O
emphasize	O
the	O
importance	O
of	O
early	O
recognition	O
,	O
prompt	O
and	O
coordinated	O
evaluation	O
,	O
and	O
treatment	O
of	O
CAS	B-DISO
in	O
the	O
emergency	B-DISO
department	O
,	O
hospital	O
,	O
and	O
intensive	O
care	O
units	O
by	O
experienced	O
healthcare	O
provider	O
teams	O
.	O

Patients	O
with	O
ARDS	B-DISO
receiving	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
should	O
receive	O
lung	B-ANAT
-	O
protective	O
ventilation	O
,	O
whereby	O
tidal	O
volume	O
is	O
decreased	O
to	O
6	O
ml	O
/	O
kg	O
of	O
their	O
predicted	O
weight	O
and	O
distending	O
pressures	O
are	O
maintained	O
≤	O
30	O
cm	O
H2	O
O	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
increased	O
inspired	B-PROC
oxygen	B-CHED
concentrations	O
and	O
positive	O
end	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
expiratory	I-PROC
pressure	O
(	O
PEEP	B-CHED
)	O
to	O
prevent	O
atelectasis	O
and	O
support	O
oxygenation	B-PROC
.	O

This	O
commentary	O
selectively	O
reviews	O
examples	O
of	O
where	O
specific	O
agents	O
have	O
provided	O
promising	O
clinical	O
benefits	O
in	O
selected	O
target	O
populations	O
and	O
also	O
considers	O
potential	O
therapeutics	O
for	O
emerging	O
threats	O
like	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
and	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
coronaviruses	O
.	O

A	O
recent	O
randomized	O
controlled	O
trial	O
(	O
RCT	O
)	O
comparing	O
hyperimmune	O
globulin	O
prepared	O
from	O
convalescent	O
plasma	B-ANAT
against	O
normal	O
intravenous	O
gammaglobulin	O
(	O
IVIG	O
)	O
manufactured	O
before	O
2009	O
as	O
control	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
A	O
(	O
H1N1	B-PATH
)	O
pdm09	O
infection	B-DISO
on	O
standard	O
antiviral	B-CHED
treatment	O
has	O
shown	O
that	O
the	O
hyperimmune	O
globulin	O
group	O
who	O
received	O
treatment	O
within	O
5	O
days	O
of	O
symptom	O
onset	O
had	O
a	O
lower	O
viral	O
load	O
and	O
reduced	O
mortality	O
compared	O
with	O
the	O
controls	O
.	O

Among	O
patients	O
with	O
moderate	O
ARDS	B-DISO
,	O
NIV	O
failure	O
was	O
lower	O
among	O
those	O
having	O
a	O
PaO2	O
/	O
FiO2	O
>	O
150	O
mmHg	O
(	O
45	O
%	O
vs	O
.	O
74	O
%,	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
04	O
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Molecular	O
characterization	O
of	O
canine	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
strains	O
circulating	O
in	O
Brazil	O
.	O

In	O
this	O
Review	O
,	O
we	O
describe	O
the	O
emergence	O
and	O
identification	O
of	O
novel	O
human	B-SPEC
coronaviruses	O
over	O
the	O
past	O
10	O
years	O
,	O
discuss	O
their	O
key	O
biological	O
features	O
,	O
including	O
tropism	B-PROC
and	O
receptor	O
use	O
,	O
and	O
summarize	O
approaches	O
for	O
developing	O
broadly	O
effective	O
vaccines	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Investigation	O
of	O
anti	O
-	O
middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
antibodies	B-COMP
in	O
blood	B-ANAT
donors	O
and	O
slaughterhouse	O
workers	O
in	O
Jeddah	O
and	O
Makkah	O
,	O
Saudi	O
Arabia	O
,	O
fall	O
2012	O
.	O

In	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
we	O
developed	O
rhesus	B-SPEC
macaques	I-SPEC
as	O
a	O
model	O
for	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
using	O
intratracheal	O
inoculation	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
due	O
to	O
blastomycosis	B-DISO
infection	B-DISO
in	O
a	O
patient	O
with	O
hypertension	B-DISO
,	O
cirrhosis	B-DISO
and	O
chronic	O
pancreatitis	O
.	O

Here	O
,	O
we	O
report	O
a	O
case	O
of	O
cardiac	B-ANAT
blastomycosis	B-DISO
who	O
initially	O
presented	O
with	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
.	O

In	O
our	O
patient	O
,	O
it	O
was	O
practically	O
impossible	O
to	O
establish	O
a	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
cardiac	B-ANAT
blastomycosis	B-DISO
antemortem	O
because	O
of	O
his	O
previous	O
cardiac	B-ANAT
history	O
related	O
to	O
alcoholic	B-DISO
cardiomyopathy	I-DISO
,	O
which	O
confounded	O
the	O
cardiac	B-ANAT
findings	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Regulation	B-PROC
of	O
ROS	B-CHED
in	O
transmissible	O
gastroenteritis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
-	O
activated	O
apoptotic	O
signaling	B-PROC
.	O

In	O
addition	O
,	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
lowered	O
mitochondrial	B-COMP
transmembrane	B-PROC
potential	I-PROC
in	O
PK	O
-	O
15	O
cell	B-ANAT
line	I-ANAT
,	O
which	O
could	O
be	O
inhibited	O
by	O
ROS	B-CHED
scavengers	B-SPEC
,	O
pyrrolidinedithiocarbamic	O
(	O
PDTC	O
)	O
and	O
N	B-CHED
-	I-CHED
acetyl	I-CHED
-	I-CHED
l	I-CHED
-	I-CHED
cysteine	I-CHED
(	O
NAC	B-COMP
).	O

Expression	B-PROC
of	O
TMPRSS2	O
increased	O
cellular	B-COMP
uptake	O
of	O
soluble	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
S	I-PRGE
,	O
suggesting	O
that	O
protease	O
-	O
dependent	O
augmentation	O
of	O
viral	O
entry	O
might	O
be	O
due	O
to	O
increased	O
uptake	O
of	O
virions	B-COMP
into	O
target	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
.	O

Furthermore	O
,	O
a	O
single	O
amino	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
change	O
in	O
the	O
viral	B-PRGE
S	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
modulated	O
virus	B-SPEC
-	O
induced	O
neuropathology	B-DISO
in	O
mice	B-SPEC
from	O
an	O
encephalitis	B-DISO
to	O
a	O
neuropathology	B-DISO
characterized	O
by	O
flaccid	B-DISO
paralysis	I-DISO
,	O
which	O
involves	O
glutamate	B-CHED
excitotoxicity	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Myoclonic	O
status	O
epilepticus	O
(	O
MSE	O
)	O
within	O
the	O
first	O
24	O
hours	O
after	O
cardiopulmonary	B-ANAT
resuscitation	O
(	O
CPR	B-ENZY
)	O
predicts	O
poor	O
prognosis	O
,	O
enough	O
to	O
discontinue	O
the	O
treatment	O
.	O

Hemodynamics	B-PROC
,	O
arterial	B-ANAT
blood	I-ANAT
gas	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
plasma	B-ANAT
levels	O
of	O
lactate	B-CHED
,	O
creatinine	B-CHED
and	O
potassium	B-CHED
were	O
measured	O
at	O
0	O
,	O
1	O
,	O
2	O
,	O
3	O
,	O
and	O
4	O
h	O
after	O
treatment	O
.	O

One	O
hundred	O
and	O
three	O
(	O
89	O
.	O
6	O
%)	O
of	O
115	O
patients	O
presented	O
with	O
multiple	O
organ	B-ANAT
dysfunction	O
,	O
and	O
22	O
(	O
19	O
.	O
1	O
%)	O
of	O
115	O
proceeded	O
to	O
the	O
stage	O
of	O
life	O
threatening	O
multiple	O
organ	O
failure	O
.	O

SFTSV	O
infection	B-DISO
may	O
present	O
with	O
more	O
severe	O
symptoms	O
and	O
laboratory	O
abnormalities	O
than	O
hitherto	O
reported	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
The	O
lectin	B-PRGE
ERGIC	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
53	I-PRGE
goes	B-SPEC
viral	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Arenaviruses	B-SPEC
and	O
hantaviruses	B-SPEC
cause	O
severe	O
human	B-SPEC
disease	O
.	O

We	O
identified	O
human	B-SPEC
proteins	B-CHED
that	O
interact	O
with	O
the	O
glycoproteins	B-CHED
(	O
GPs	B-DISO
)	O
of	O
a	O
prototypic	O
arenavirus	B-SPEC
and	O
hantavirus	B-SPEC
and	O
show	O
that	O
the	O
lectin	O
endoplasmic	B-COMP
reticulum	I-COMP
(	O
ER	O
)-	O
Golgi	B-COMP
intermediate	O
compartment	B-ANAT
53	O
kDa	O
protein	B-CHED
(	O
ERGIC	B-COMP
-	O
53	O
),	O
a	O
cargo	O
receptor	O
required	O
for	O
glycoprotein	B-CHED
trafficking	B-PROC
within	O
the	O
early	O
exocytic	O
pathway	B-PROC
,	O
associates	O
with	O
arenavirus	B-SPEC
,	O
hantavirus	B-SPEC
,	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
,	O
orthomyxovirus	B-SPEC
,	O
and	O
filovirus	B-SPEC
GPs	B-DISO
.	O

Thus	O
,	O
we	O
have	O
identified	O
a	O
class	B-SPEC
of	O
pathogen	O
-	O
derived	O
ERGIC	B-COMP
-	O
53	O
ligands	O
,	O
a	O
lectin	B-PRGE
-	O
independent	O
basis	O
for	O
their	O
association	O
with	O
ERGIC	B-COMP
-	O
53	O
,	O
and	O
a	O
role	O
for	O
ERGIC	B-COMP
-	O
53	O
in	O
the	O
propagation	O
of	O
several	O
highly	O
pathogenic	O
RNA	O
virus	B-SPEC
families	O
.	O

Analysis	O
of	O
human	B-SPEC
clusters	B-CHED
indicated	O
that	O
chains	O
of	O
transmission	O
were	O
not	O
self	O
-	O
sustaining	O
when	O
infection	B-DISO
control	O
was	O
implemented	O
,	O
but	O
that	O
R	O
in	O
the	O
absence	O
of	O
controls	O
was	O
in	O
the	O
range	O
0	O
·	O
8	O
-	O
1	O
·	O
3	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Ten	O
years	O
have	O
elapsed	O
since	O
the	O
severe	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
outbreak	O
,	O
which	O
resulted	O
in	O
more	O
than	O
8000	O
cases	O
worldwide	O
with	O
more	O
than	O
700	O
deaths	B-PROC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
(	O
ALI	O
)	O
and	O
its	O
more	O
severe	O
form	O
,	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
distress	O
syndrome	O
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
),	O
have	O
high	O
mortality	O
rates	O
with	O
few	O
treatment	O
options	O
.	O

Degradation	O
of	O
the	O
glycosaminoglycan	B-CHED
,	O
hyaluronan	B-CHED
(	O
HA	B-CHED
),	O
is	O
involved	O
in	O
reduction	O
of	O
the	O
endothelial	B-ANAT
glycocalyx	B-COMP
,	O
disruption	O
of	O
endothelial	B-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
-	O
cell	B-COMP
contacts	O
and	O
activation	O
of	O
HA	B-PRGE
binding	B-FUNC
proteins	B-CHED
upregulated	O
in	O
ALI	O
/	O
ARDS	B-DISO
which	O
promote	O
a	O
loss	O
of	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
vascular	B-ANAT
integrity	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Insufficient	O
preparedness	O
of	O
primary	O
care	O
practices	O
for	O
pandemic	O
influenza	B-DISO
and	O
the	O
effect	O
of	O
a	O
preparedness	O
plan	O
in	O
Japan	O
:	O
a	O
prefecture	O
-	O
wide	O
cross	O
-	O
sectional	O
study	O
.	O

Clinic	O
-	O
based	O
PCPs	O
were	O
significantly	O
less	O
prepared	O
than	O
hospital	O
-	O
based	O
PCPs	O
to	O
provide	O
N95	O
masks	O
(	O
OR	O
0	O
.	O
34	O
),	O
gowns	O
(	O
OR	O
0	O
.	O
15	O
),	O
and	O
eye	B-ANAT
protection	O
(	O
OR	O
0	O
.	O
18	O
).	O

With	O
regard	O
to	O
PPE	B-CHED
availability	O
,	O
PCPs	O
(	O
especially	O
clinic	O
-	O
based	O
PCPs	O
)	O
were	O
not	O
adequately	O
prepared	O
for	O
the	O
influenza	B-DISO
pandemic	O
.	O

CoV	O
N	O
proteins	B-CHED
within	O
but	O
not	O
across	O
subgroups	O
share	O
cross	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
reactive	I-PROC
epitopes	O
with	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
isolates	O
.	O

Thus	O
,	O
we	O
investigated	O
the	O
effect	O
on	O
oxygenation	B-PROC
and	O
the	O
safety	O
of	O
PP	O
during	O
vvECMO	O
.	O

Retrospective	O
quantitative	O
analysis	O
of	O
CT	O
scan	O
images	O
of	O
148	O
patients	O
with	O
ARDS	B-DISO
and	O
100	O
control	O
subjects	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Despite	O
the	O
wealth	O
of	O
information	O
available	O
for	O
the	O
reverse	B-PRGE
transcriptase	I-PRGE
(	O
RT	O
)-	O
associated	O
ribonuclease	B-PRGE
H	I-PRGE
(	O
RNaseH	O
)	O
domain	O
of	O
lentiviruses	O
,	O
gammaretroviruses	B-SPEC
and	O
long	O
terminal	O
repeat	O
containing	O
retrotransposons	O
,	O
exploiting	O
this	O
information	O
in	O
the	O
form	O
of	O
an	O
RNaseH	O
inhibitor	B-CHED
with	O
high	O
specificity	O
and	O
low	O
cellular	B-COMP
toxicity	O
has	O
been	O
disappointing	O
.	O

This	O
review	O
summarizes	O
current	O
progress	O
towards	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
both	O
active	O
site	O
and	O
allosteric	O
RNaseH	O
inhibitors	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
Proteus	B-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
is	O
a	O
rare	O
genetic	O
disease	O
which	O
is	O
characterized	O
by	O
the	O
overgrowth	O
of	O
tissues	B-ANAT
,	O
especially	O
bone	B-ANAT
,	O
connective	O
and	O
adipose	B-ANAT
tissue	I-ANAT
.	O

We	O
report	O
the	O
case	O
of	O
a	O
25	O
-	O
year	O
-	O
old	O
man	B-CHED
,	O
diagnosed	O
with	O
the	O
Proteus	B-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
at	O
the	O
age	O
of	O
6	O
months	O
.	O

Prominent	O
among	O
them	O
is	O
the	O
effect	O
that	O
the	O
disease	O
has	O
on	O
lung	B-PROC
growth	B-PROC
and	O
function	O
.	O

This	O
research	O
has	O
provided	O
significant	O
new	O
insight	O
into	O
many	O
mechanisms	O
used	O
by	O
the	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
replication	O
-	O
transcription	B-PROC
complex	O
(	O
RTC	O
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Rates	O
of	O
respiratory	O
virus	B-SPEC
-	O
associated	O
hospitalization	O
in	O
children	O
aged	O
<	O
5	O
years	O
in	O
rural	O
northern	O
India	O
.	O

Of	O
245	O
hospitalized	O
children	O
,	O
respiratory	O
viruses	B-SPEC
were	O
detected	O
among	O
98	O
(	O
40	O
%),	O
of	O
whom	O
92	O
(	O
94	O
%)	O
had	O
fever	O
or	O
respiratory	B-DISO
symptoms	I-DISO
.	O

Using	O
this	O
model	O
,	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
is	O
placed	O
into	O
disorder	O
group	O
C	O
,	O
which	O
consists	O
of	O
coronaviruses	O
that	O
have	O
relatively	O
hard	O
inner	O
and	O
outer	O
shells	B-ANAT
.	O

Oral	B-ANAT
-	O
urine	B-ANAT
and	O
saliva	B-ANAT
transmission	O
are	O
also	O
highly	O
possible	O
since	O
both	O
require	O
harder	O
protective	O
shells	O
.	O

Nearly	O
all	O
symptomatic	O
patients	O
presented	O
with	O
respiratory	B-DISO
symptoms	I-DISO
and	O
1	O
/	O
3	O
of	O
patients	O
also	O
had	O
gastrointestinal	B-DISO
symptoms	I-DISO
.	O

Outbreaks	O
have	O
been	O
extinguished	O
without	O
overly	O
aggressive	B-DISO
isolation	O
and	O
quarantine	O
suggesting	O
that	O
transmission	B-PROC
of	I-PROC
virus	I-PROC
may	O
be	O
stopped	O
with	O
implementation	O
of	O
appropriate	O
infection	B-DISO
control	O
measures	O
.	O

Furthermore	O
,	O
miR	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
146a	I-PRGE
delivery	I-PRGE
or	O
Akt2	B-PRGE
silencing	O
in	O
WT	O
mice	B-SPEC
exposed	O
to	O
acid	O
resulted	O
in	O
suppression	B-DISO
of	O
iNOS	O
in	O
alveolar	B-ANAT
macrophages	I-ANAT
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
During	O
the	O
recent	O
influenza	O
A	O
(	O
H1N1	O
)	O
pandemic	O
,	O
due	O
to	O
severe	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
many	O
patients	O
required	O
treatment	O
with	O
alternative	O
ventilator	O
modalities	O
including	O
High	O
Frequency	O
Oscillatory	O
Ventilation	O
(	O
HFOV	O
).	O

However	O
,	O
no	O
experimental	O
studies	O
have	O
been	O
conducted	O
to	O
demonstrate	O
TCoV	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
in	O
turkey	B-SPEC
hens	O
and	O
its	O
effect	O
on	O
reproductive	B-PROC
performance	O
.	O

In	O
the	O
present	O
study	O
,	O
we	O
assessed	O
the	O
possible	O
effect	O
of	O
TCoV	O
on	O
the	O
reproductive	B-PROC
performance	O
of	O
experimentally	O
infected	O
turkey	B-SPEC
hens	O
.	O

In	O
both	O
experimental	O
trials	O
an	O
average	O
of	O
28	O
%-	O
29	O
%	O
drop	O
in	O
egg	B-ANAT
production	O
was	O
observed	O
in	O
TCoV	O
-	O
infected	O
turkey	B-SPEC
hens	O
between	O
4	O
and	O
7	O
DPI	O
.	O

Our	O
results	O
suggest	O
that	O
IBV	B-SPEC
K40	O
/	O
09	O
could	O
be	O
useful	O
to	O
ensure	O
IBV	B-SPEC
vaccine	O
effectiveness	O
owing	O
to	O
its	O
cross	O
-	O
protective	O
ability	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
AVPdb	O
:	O
a	O
database	O
of	O
experimentally	O
validated	O
antiviral	B-CHED
peptides	B-CHED
targeting	B-PROC
medically	O
important	O
viruses	O
.	O

These	O
combined	O
results	O
indicate	O
that	O
signaling	B-PROC
through	O
TNFR1	B-PRGE
plays	O
an	O
essential	O
role	O
in	O
the	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
of	O
FH	O
caused	O
by	O
MHV	B-SPEC
-	O
3	O
infection	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
interruption	O
of	O
this	O
signaling	B-PROC
pathway	I-PROC
could	O
be	O
useful	O
for	O
clinical	O
therapy	O
.	O

Consequently	O
,	O
new	O
aptamer	O
-	O
based	O
therapeutics	O
have	O
the	O
potential	O
to	O
lead	O
a	O
revolution	O
in	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
anti	B-CHED
-	I-CHED
infective	I-CHED
drugs	I-CHED
.	O

In	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
the	O
recombinant	O
IBV	B-SPEC
is	O
developed	O
by	O
replacing	O
the	O
ectodomain	O
region	O
of	O
the	O
S1	B-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
of	O
the	O
IBV	B-SPEC
Beaudette	O
strain	O
with	O
the	O
corresponding	O
fragment	O
from	O
H120	O
strain	O
,	O
designated	O
as	O
rBeau	O
-	O
H120	O
(	O
S1e	O
).	O

The	O
peak	O
titer	O
would	O
reach	B-PROC
10	O
(	O
5	O
.	O
9	O
)	O
50	O
%	O
(	O
median	O
)	O
tissue	B-ANAT
culture	O
infective	O
dose	O
/	O
mL	O
at	O
24	O
h	O
post	O
-	O
infection	O
.	O

Current	O
evidence	O
indicates	O
that	O
these	O
viruses	B-SPEC
may	O
employ	O
such	O
strategies	O
to	O
avert	O
the	O
host	B-COMP
immune	B-PROC
response	I-PROC
.	O

As	O
viral	O
proteins	B-CHED
interact	O
with	O
key	O
regulators	O
of	O
the	O
host	B-COMP
nuclear	B-PROC
transport	I-PROC
machinery	O
,	O
viruses	B-SPEC
have	O
served	O
as	O
invaluable	O
tools	O
of	O
discovery	O
that	O
led	O
to	O
the	O
identification	O
of	O
novel	O
constituents	O
of	O
nuclear	O
transport	O
pathways	B-PROC
.	O

Interestingly	O
,	O
both	O
groups	O
of	O
Thai	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
isolates	O
had	O
a	O
4	O
-	O
aa	O
(	O
GENQ	O
)	O
insertion	O
between	O
positions	O
55	O
and	O
56	O
,	O
a	O
1	O
-	O
aa	O
insertion	O
between	O
positions	O
135	O
and	O
136	O
,	O
and	O
a	O
2	O
-	O
aa	O
deletion	O
between	O
positions	O
155	O
and	O
156	O
,	O
making	O
them	O
identical	O
to	O
the	O
Korean	O
KNU	O
series	O
and	O
isolates	O
responsible	O
for	O
outbreaks	O
in	O
China	O
in	O
recent	O
years	O
.	O

The	O
14	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
isolates	O
were	O
classified	O
as	O
G1	O
and	O
showed	O
a	O
close	O
relationship	O
to	O
some	O
Chinese	O
strains	O
isolated	O
previously	O
in	O
central	O
China	O
and	O
differed	O
genetically	O
from	O
recent	O
isolates	O
from	O
southern	O
China	O
,	O
Korean	O
strains	O
(	O
SM98	O
and	O
DB1865	O
,	O
2012	O
),	O
the	O
Chinese	O
LZC	O
strain	O
(	O
2007	O
),	O
and	O
the	O
vaccine	O
strain	O
(	O
CV777	O
)	O
being	O
used	O
in	O
China	O
.	O

There	O
are	O
still	O
over	O
2	O
million	O
deaths	B-PROC
annually	O
from	O
tuberculosis	B-PATH
,	O
with	O
most	O
of	O
these	O
occurring	O
in	O
the	O
developing	O
world	O
.	O

Asthma	B-PATH
,	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
most	O
common	O
chronic	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
in	O
children	O
,	O
still	O
accounts	O
for	O
significant	O
mortality	O
and	O
morbidity	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
high	O
health	O
care	O
costs	O
worldwide	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
identification	O
of	O
pathogens	O
of	O
viral	O
(	O
Rotavirus	O
,	O
Coronavirus	B-SPEC
),	O
parasitic	O
(	O
Toxocara	B-PRGE
spp	B-ENZY
.)	I-PRGE
and	I-PRGE
bacterial	I-PRGE
(	I-PRGE
Escherichia	B-SPEC
coli	I-SPEC
,	I-PRGE
Salmonella	B-DISO
spp	B-ENZY
.,	O
Rhodococcus	B-SPEC
equi	I-SPEC
)	O
origin	O
shed	O
in	O
feces	B-ANAT
,	O
and	O
the	O
virulence	B-PROC
profile	O
of	O
R	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
equi	I-SPEC
and	O
E	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
coli	I-SPEC
isolates	O
were	O
investigated	O
in	O
200	O
samples	O
of	O
sand	O
obtained	O
from	O
40	O
parks	O
,	O
located	O
in	O
central	O
region	O
of	O
state	O
of	O
Sao	O
Paulo	O
,	O
Brazil	O
,	O
using	O
different	O
diagnostic	O
methods	O
.	O

None	O
of	O
the	O
R	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
equi	I-SPEC
isolates	O
showed	O
a	O
virulent	O
(	O
vapA	B-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
)	O
or	O
intermediately	O
virulent	O
(	O
vapB	B-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
)	O
profiles	O
.	O

The	O
following	O
genes	O
encoding	O
virulence	B-PROC
factors	O
were	O
identified	O
in	O
E	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
coli	I-SPEC
:	O
eae	O
,	O
bfp	B-PRGE
,	O
saa	B-PRGE
,	O
iucD	B-PRGE
,	O
papGI	O
,	O
sfa	B-PRGE
and	O
hly	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
In	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
we	O
investigated	O
humoral	O
and	O
cellular	B-PROC
immune	I-PROC
responses	I-PROC
in	O
mice	B-SPEC
to	O
DNA	O
vaccines	O
containing	O
individual	O
S	O
or	O
M	O
genes	O
of	O
a	O
new	O
type	O
of	O
reovirus	B-SPEC
(	O
nRV	O
)	O
isolate	O
from	O
a	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
patient	O
in	O
Beijing	O
,	O
China	O
.	O

We	O
found	O
that	O
all	O
DNA	O
vaccines	O
induced	O
IgG	B-PRGE
antibodies	B-COMP
,	O
predominantly	O
of	O
the	O
IgG2a	B-COMP
class	B-SPEC
and	O
S3	O
DNA	O
vaccine	O
was	O
the	O
strongest	O
inducer	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Extracting	O
Computational	O
and	O
Semantic	O
Features	O
from	O
Portable	O
Chest	B-ANAT
X	O
-	O
rays	B-SPEC
for	O
Diagnosis	O
of	O
Acute	B-DISO
Respiratory	I-DISO
Distress	I-DISO
Syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

Our	O
approach	O
demonstrates	O
the	O
feasibility	O
of	O
using	O
machine	O
learning	B-PROC
to	O
identify	O
radiographic	O
criteria	O
that	O
are	O
more	O
consistent	O
and	O
accurate	O
for	O
the	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

In	O
conclusion	O
,	O
multiple	O
IBV	B-SPEC
genotypes	O
co	O
-	O
circulated	O
;	O
genetic	O
diversity	O
and	O
positive	O
selections	O
existed	O
in	O
S1	O
,	O
M	O
and	O
N	O
genes	O
;	O
4	O
/	O
91	O
vaccine	O
recombinants	O
emerged	O
in	O
China	O
.	O

The	O
addition	O
of	O
FOS	O
to	O
the	O
vaccine	O
also	O
increased	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
circulating	O
CD4	B-PRGE
+	I-PRGE
cells	B-COMP
in	O
L10H	O
chickens	B-SPEC
compared	O
to	O
L10L	O
chickens	B-SPEC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Since	O
February	O
2013	O
,	O
a	O
novel	O
reassortant	O
H7N9	O
virus	O
associated	O
with	O
human	B-SPEC
deaths	B-PROC
,	O
but	O
no	O
apparent	O
outbreaks	O
in	O
poultry	O
and	O
wild	O
birds	B-SPEC
has	O
emerged	O
in	O
eastern	O
China	O
.	O

They	O
presented	O
with	O
fever	B-PROC
and	O
rapidly	O
progressive	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
that	O
did	O
not	O
respond	O
to	O
antibiotics	B-CHED
.	O

Pulmonary	B-DISO
fibrosis	I-DISO
can	O
be	O
seen	O
at	O
late	O
stage	O
of	O
the	O
disease	O
.	O

In	O
dairy	O
herds	O
,	O
milk	O
is	O
more	O
readily	O
collected	O
than	O
serum	B-COMP
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Peptides	B-CHED
corresponding	O
to	O
the	O
predicted	O
heptad	O
repeat	O
2	O
domain	O
of	O
the	O
feline	B-SPEC
coronavirus	B-SPEC
spike	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
are	O
potent	O
inhibitors	B-CHED
of	O
viral	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Hospitalized	O
children	O
<	O
2	O
years	O
of	O
age	O
in	O
Amman	O
,	O
Jordan	O
,	O
admitted	O
for	O
fever	O
and	O
/	O
or	O
respiratory	B-DISO
symptoms	I-DISO
,	O
were	O
tested	O
for	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
):	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
by	O
real	O
-	O
time	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
(	O
rRT	O
-	O
PCR	O
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Trends	O
in	O
influenza	B-DISO
vaccination	O
coverage	O
in	O
Portugal	O
from	O
1998	O
to	O
2010	O
:	O
effect	O
of	O
major	O
pandemic	O
threats	O
.	O

This	O
article	O
describes	O
national	O
trends	O
in	O
seasonal	O
influenza	B-DISO
vaccine	O
(	O
IV	O
)	O
coverage	O
in	O
Portugal	O
from	O
1998	O
/	O
99	O
to	O
2010	O
/	O
11	O
,	O
analyzes	O
progress	O
towards	O
meeting	O
WHO	O
2010	O
coverage	O
goals	O
,	O
and	O
addresses	O
the	O
effect	O
of	O
major	O
public	O
health	O
threats	O
of	O
the	O
last	O
12	O
years	O
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
in	O
2003	O
/	O
04	O
,	O
influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
(	O
H5N1	B-DISO
)	O
in	O
2005	O
/	O
06	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
(	O
H1N1	O
)	O
2009	O
pandemic	O
)	O
on	O
vaccination	O
trends	O
.	O

3CL	O
(	O
pro	B-CHED
)	O
plays	O
a	O
pivotal	O
role	O
in	O
the	O
viral	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
cycle	I-PROC
and	O
is	O
a	O
potential	O
target	O
for	O
SARS	B-DISO
inhibitor	B-CHED
development	B-PROC
.	O

A	O
series	O
of	O
isatin	B-CHED
derivatives	O
as	O
possible	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
3CL	I-PRGE
(	I-PRGE
pro	B-CHED
)	I-PRGE
inhibitors	B-CHED
was	O
designed	O
,	O
synthesized	O
,	O
and	O
evaluated	O
by	O
in	O
vitro	O
protease	O
assay	O
using	O
fluorogenic	O
substrate	O
peptide	B-CHED
,	O
in	O
which	O
several	O
showed	O
potent	O
inhibition	B-PROC
against	O
the	O
3CL	B-PRGE
(	I-PRGE
pro	I-PRGE
).	I-PRGE

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
temporal	O
and	O
spatial	O
distributions	O
of	O
the	O
2003	O
severe	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
outbreak	O
in	O
Amoy	O
Gardens	O
of	O
Hong	O
Kong	O
was	O
reexamined	O
using	O
all	O
confirmed	O
cases	O
.	O

Under	O
these	O
circumstances	O
,	O
clinicians	O
urgently	O
need	O
clinical	O
trials	O
and	O
formal	B-CHED
indication	O
,	O
contraindication	O
and	O
rules	O
for	O
implementation	O
to	O
provide	O
reproducible	O
results	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
presents	O
a	O
novel	O
emerging	O
threat	O
to	O
public	O
health	O
worldwide	O
.	O

Several	O
treatments	O
for	O
infected	O
individuals	O
have	O
been	O
suggested	O
including	O
IFN	B-PRGE
,	O
ribavirin	B-CHED
and	O
passive	O
immunotherapy	O
with	O
convalescent	O
plasma	B-ANAT
.	O

Ribavirin	B-CHED
did	O
not	O
inhibit	O
viral	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
in	O
vitro	O
at	O
a	O
dose	O
that	O
would	O
be	O
applicable	O
to	O
current	O
treatment	O
protocols	O
in	O
humans	B-SPEC
.	O

To	O
determine	O
their	O
role	O
during	O
RCoV	O
infection	B-DISO
,	O
PMN	B-PROC
were	O
depleted	O
and	O
the	O
effects	O
on	O
disease	B-DISO
progression	I-DISO
,	O
viral	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
,	O
inflammatory	B-DISO
response	I-DISO
and	O
lung	B-ANAT
pathology	B-DISO
were	O
analysed	O
.	O

PMN	B-PROC
-	O
depleted	O
animals	B-SPEC
had	O
fewer	O
macrophages	B-ANAT
and	O
lymphocytes	B-ANAT
in	O
the	O
respiratory	B-ANAT
tract	I-ANAT
,	O
corresponding	O
to	O
lower	O
chemokine	O
levels	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
An	O
emerging	O
respiratory	O
infectious	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
with	O
high	O
mortality	O
,	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
(	O
MERS	B-DISO
),	O
is	O
caused	O
by	O
a	O
novel	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
(	O
MERS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
).	O

The	O
recombinant	O
S377	O
-	O
588	O
-	O
Fc	O
is	O
able	O
to	O
induce	O
in	O
the	O
vaccinated	O
mice	B-SPEC
strong	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
S	O
-	O
specific	O
antibodies	B-COMP
,	O
which	O
blocks	O
the	O
binding	B-FUNC
of	O
RBD	O
to	O
DPP4	B-PRGE
receptor	I-PRGE
and	O
effectively	O
neutralizes	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

In	O
the	O
present	O
study	O
,	O
we	O
have	O
employed	O
a	O
new	O
dataset	O
of	O
1725	O
viral	O
siRNAs	O
with	O
experimentally	O
verified	O
quantitative	O
efficacies	O
tested	O
under	O
heterogeneous	O
experimental	O
conditions	O
and	O
targeting	B-PROC
as	O
many	O
as	O
37	O
important	O
human	B-SPEC
viruses	B-SPEC
including	O
HIV	B-DISO
,	O
Influenza	B-DISO
,	O
HCV	B-SPEC
,	O
HBV	B-DISO
,	O
SARS	B-DISO
etc	O
.	O

We	O
hope	O
this	O
algorithm	O
would	O
be	O
useful	O
in	O
predicting	O
highly	O
potent	O
viral	O
siRNA	O
to	O
aid	O
siRNA	O
based	O
antiviral	B-CHED
therapeutics	O
development	B-PROC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Supine	O
chest	B-ANAT
compression	O
:	O
alternative	O
to	O
prone	O
ventilation	O
in	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

Chest	B-ANAT
wall	I-ANAT
compression	O
was	O
performed	O
by	O
2	O
-	O
kg	O
weight	O
in	O
front	O
of	O
the	O
chest	B-ANAT
wall	I-ANAT
bilaterally	O
while	O
the	O
patient	O
was	O
in	O
a	O
supine	O
position	O
.	O

Respiratory	B-PROC
mechanics	I-PROC
work	O
to	O
improve	O
oxygenation	B-PROC
almost	O
as	O
same	O
as	O
the	O
mechanism	O
proposed	O
for	O
prone	O
position	O
without	O
any	O
major	O
adverse	B-DISO
effects	I-DISO
and	O
serious	O
complications	O
.	O

A	O
structure	O
-	O
based	O
VS	O
approach	O
integrating	O
docking	B-PROC
and	O
pharmacophore	O
based	O
methods	O
was	O
employed	O
to	O
computationally	O
screen	O
621	O
,	O
000	O
compounds	O
from	O
the	O
ZINC	B-CHED
library	O
.	O

Subsequently	O
,	O
a	O
fluorescence	O
-	O
based	O
enzymatic	O
HTS	B-DISO
assay	O
was	O
developed	O
and	O
optimized	O
to	O
experimentally	O
screen	O
approximately	O
41	O
,	O
000	O
compounds	O
from	O
four	O
structurally	O
diverse	O
libraries	O
chosen	O
mainly	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
VS	O
results	O
.	O

False	O
positives	O
from	O
initial	O
HTS	B-DISO
hits	O
were	O
eliminated	O
by	O
a	O
secondary	O
orthogonal	O
binding	B-FUNC
analysis	O
using	O
surface	O
plasmon	O
resonance	O
(	O
SPR	O
).	O

Infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
IBV	B-SPEC
),	O
belonging	O
to	O
gamma	O
-	O
coronaviruses	O
,	O
causes	O
a	O
highly	O
infectious	B-DISO
respiratory	O
viral	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
and	O
can	O
result	O
in	O
catastrophic	O
economic	O
losses	O
to	O
the	O
poultry	O
industry	O
worldwide	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Epidemiology	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
sepsis	I-DISO
.	O

However	O
,	O
PrP	B-PRGE
during	O
ECMO	O
might	O
be	O
associated	O
with	O
complications	O
such	O
as	O
dislocation	O
of	O
ECMO	O
cannulae	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
newly	O
emerged	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
is	O
becoming	O
another	O
""""	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
like	O
""""	O
threat	O
to	O
the	O
world	O
.	O

It	O
has	O
an	O
extremely	O
high	O
death	B-PROC
rate	O
(∼	O
50	O
%)	O
as	O
there	O
is	O
no	O
vaccine	O
or	O
efficient	O
therapeutics	O
.	O

BacMam	O
virus	B-SPEC
,	O
a	O
modified	O
baculovirus	B-SPEC
mediating	O
transgene	O
expression	B-PROC
under	O
the	O
control	O
of	O
a	O
mammalian	B-SPEC
promoter	O
,	O
has	O
emerged	O
as	O
a	O
versatile	O
and	O
safe	O
vector	O
during	O
vaccine	O
development	B-PROC
.	O

We	O
showed	O
that	O
Ac	O
-	O
CMV	B-SPEC
-	O
S1	O
induced	O
excellent	O
cellular	B-PROC
immunity	I-PROC
,	O
but	O
did	O
not	O
confer	O
adequate	O
protection	O
in	O
chickens	B-SPEC
compared	O
with	O
the	O
conventional	O
inactivated	O
vaccine	O
.	O

BacMam	O
virus	B-SPEC
-	O
based	O
surface	O
display	O
strategies	O
could	O
serve	O
as	O
effective	O
tools	O
in	O
designing	O
vaccines	O
against	O
IB	O
and	O
other	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
.	O

Neutralising	O
antibodies	B-COMP
were	O
found	O
in	O
all	O
camel	B-SPEC
sera	B-COMP
while	O
sera	B-COMP
from	O
goats	B-SPEC
and	O
cattle	B-SPEC
tested	O
negative	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Middle	O
East	O
Respiratory	O
Syndrome	B-DISO
(	O
MERS	O
)	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
seroprevalence	O
in	O
domestic	O
livestock	O
in	O
Saudi	O
Arabia	O
,	O
2010	O
to	O
2013	O
.	O

Dromedary	B-SPEC
camels	B-SPEC
however	O
,	O
had	O
a	O
high	O
prevalence	O
of	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
antibodies	B-COMP
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Gastroenteritis	O
is	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
leading	O
causes	O
of	O
morbidity	O
and	O
mortality	O
among	O
young	O
and	O
newborn	O
animals	B-SPEC
and	O
is	O
often	O
caused	O
by	O
multiple	O
intestinal	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
,	O
with	O
rotavirus	B-SPEC
and	O
bovine	B-SPEC
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
BCoV	O
)	O
being	O
the	O
main	O
viral	O
causes	O
in	O
cattle	B-SPEC
.	O

To	O
achieve	O
this	O
,	O
eleven	O
fecal	B-ANAT
samples	O
from	O
dairy	O
cows	B-SPEC
with	O
winter	B-DISO
dysentery	I-DISO
,	O
three	O
from	O
calves	O
,	O
and	O
two	O
from	O
horses	B-SPEC
,	O
all	O
from	O
Brazil	O
,	O
were	O
analysed	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
establishment	O
of	O
persistent	O
viral	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
is	O
often	O
associated	O
with	O
the	O
selection	O
of	O
one	O
or	O
more	O
mutant	B-DISO
viruses	B-SPEC
.	O

Therefore	O
,	O
this	O
previously	O
unidentified	O
leaderless	O
genome	O
is	O
associated	O
with	O
the	O
attenuation	O
of	O
genome	O
expression	B-PROC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Effect	O
of	O
microtubule	B-COMP
disruption	O
on	O
neuronal	O
spread	O
and	O
replication	O
of	O
demyelinating	O
and	O
nondemyelinating	O
strains	O
of	O
mouse	O
hepatitis	O
virus	B-SPEC
in	O
vitro	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
The	O
impact	O
of	O
patient	O
positioning	O
on	O
pressure	B-DISO
ulcers	I-DISO
in	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
ARDS	B-DISO
:	O
results	O
from	O
a	O
multicentre	O
randomised	O
controlled	O
trial	O
on	O
prone	O
positioning	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Placing	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
distress	O
syndrome	O
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
in	O
the	O
prone	O
position	O
has	O
been	O
shown	O
to	O
improve	O
survival	O
as	O
compared	O
to	O
the	O
supine	O
position	O
.	O

In	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
ARDS	B-DISO
,	O
prone	O
positioning	O
was	O
associated	O
with	O
a	O
higher	O
frequency	O
of	O
pressure	B-DISO
ulcers	I-DISO
than	O
the	O
supine	O
position	O
.	O

Structures	O
that	O
shed	O
light	O
on	O
the	O
function	O
and	O
biological	O
roles	O
of	O
the	O
proteins	B-CHED
in	O
viral	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
and	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
are	O
highlighted	O
.	O

Previous	O
studies	O
suggested	O
dromedary	B-SPEC
camels	B-SPEC
were	O
a	O
reservoir	O
for	O
this	O
virus	B-SPEC
.	O

We	O
tested	O
for	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
in	O
dromedary	B-SPEC
camels	B-SPEC
from	O
a	O
farm	O
in	O
Qatar	O
linked	O
to	O
two	O
human	B-SPEC
cases	O
of	O
the	O
infection	B-DISO
in	O
October	O
,	O
2013	O
.	O

PCR	O
positive	O
samples	O
were	O
tested	O
by	O
different	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
specific	O
PCRs	O
and	O
obtained	O
sequences	O
were	O
used	O
for	O
phylogentic	O
analysis	O
together	O
with	O
sequences	O
from	O
the	O
linked	O
human	B-SPEC
cases	O
and	O
other	O
human	B-SPEC
cases	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Yeast	B-SPEC
-	O
expressed	B-PROC
recombinant	O
protein	B-CHED
of	O
the	O
receptor	O
-	O
binding	B-FUNC
domain	O
in	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
spike	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
with	O
deglycosylated	O
forms	O
as	O
a	O
SARS	O
vaccine	O
candidate	O
.	O

More	O
importantly	O
,	O
RBD219	O
-	O
N1	O
induced	O
significantly	O
stronger	O
RBD	O
-	O
specific	O
antibody	B-PROC
responses	I-PROC
and	O
a	O
higher	O
level	O
of	O
neutralizing	O
antibodies	B-COMP
in	O
immunized	O
mice	B-SPEC
than	O
RBD193	O
-	O
WT	O
,	O
RBD193	O
-	O
N1	O
,	O
RBD193	O
-	O
N3	O
,	O
or	O
RBD219	O
-	O
WT	O
.	O

Our	O
objective	O
was	O
to	O
systematically	O
review	O
original	O
research	O
studies	O
evaluating	O
organ	B-ANAT
-	O
specific	O
outcomes	O
at	O
28	O
days	O
or	O
greater	O
in	O
patients	O
surviving	O
severe	B-DISO
sepsis	I-DISO
.	O

Two	O
studies	O
contributed	O
the	O
majority	O
of	O
patients	O
and	O
had	O
consistent	O
rates	O
of	O
1	O
month	O
organ	B-ANAT
dysfunction	O
for	O
adult	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
(	O
8	O
%-	O
9	O
%),	O
renal	B-ANAT
(	O
7	O
%-	O
8	O
%),	O
hepatic	B-ANAT
(	O
3	O
%-	O
7	O
%),	O
and	O
central	B-ANAT
nervous	I-ANAT
system	I-ANAT
(	O
2	O
%-	O
5	O
%).	O

For	O
organ	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
resolution	O
the	O
rates	O
were	O
highly	O
variable	O
.	O

Our	O
review	O
found	O
variable	O
rates	O
of	O
organ	B-ANAT
dysfunction	O
at	O
1	O
month	O
after	O
severe	B-DISO
sepsis	I-DISO
.	O

These	O
findings	O
indicate	O
that	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
PLpro	O
acts	O
as	O
a	O
viral	O
DUB	O
and	O
suppresses	O
production	O
of	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
β	I-PRGE
by	O
an	O
interfering	O
IRF3	B-PRGE
-	O
mediated	O
signalling	B-PROC
pathway	I-PROC
,	O
in	O
addition	O
to	O
recognizing	O
and	O
processing	O
the	O
CS	O
at	O
the	O
N	O
terminus	O
of	O
replicase	B-PRGE
polyprotein	O
to	O
release	B-PATH
the	O
non	O
-	O
structural	O
proteins	B-CHED
.	O

During	O
diagnostic	O
procedures	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
MSSCP	O
genotyping	O
it	O
was	O
observed	O
that	O
the	O
WHO	O
recommended	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
kits	O
and	O
/	O
or	O
procedure	O
of	O
sample	O
collection	O
from	O
patients	O
for	O
molecular	O
investigation	O
could	O
lead	O
to	O
false	O
positive	O
A	O
/	O
H1N1	O
pandemic	O
strain	O
detection	O
because	O
of	O
the	O
co	O
-	O
amplification	B-DISO
during	O
the	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
fragments	O
of	O
the	O
human	O
genome	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
Middle	O
East	O
Respiratory	O
Syndrome	B-DISO
Coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
causes	O
symptoms	O
similar	O
to	O
Severe	B-DISO
Acute	I-DISO
Respiratory	I-DISO
Syndrome	I-DISO
Coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
),	O
yet	O
involving	O
an	O
additional	O
component	O
of	O
acute	B-DISO
renal	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
(	O
ARF	B-DISO
)	O
according	O
to	O
several	O
published	O
case	O
reports	O
.	O

Adverse	B-DISO
effects	I-DISO
of	O
HES	B-DISO
on	O
survival	O
and	O
organ	B-ANAT
function	O
have	O
been	O
reported	O
.	O

Three	O
-	O
day	O
totals	O
of	O
administered	O
resuscitation	O
fluid	O
(	O
medians	O
)	O
were	O
21	O
,	O
190	O
mL	O
in	O
the	O
lactated	O
Ringer	O
'	O
s	O
group	O
and	O
19	O
,	O
535	O
mL	O
in	O
the	O
HES	B-DISO
group	O
(	O
HES	O
:	O
-	O
1	O
,	O
213	O
mL	O
;	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
39	O
).	O

There	O
was	O
no	O
evidence	O
that	O
early	O
fluid	O
resuscitation	O
with	O
balanced	O
HES	B-DISO
130	O
/	O
0	O
.	O
4	O
(	O
6	O
%)	O
in	O
addition	O
to	O
lactated	O
Ringer	O
'	O
s	O
solution	O
would	O
lead	O
to	O
a	O
volume	O
-	O
sparing	O
effect	O
in	O
severe	O
burn	O
injury	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Early	O
hypercytokinemia	O
is	O
associated	O
with	O
interferon	B-PRGE
-	O
induced	O
transmembrane	B-COMP
protein	B-CHED
-	O
3	O
dysfunction	O
and	O
predictive	O
of	O
fatal	O
H7N9	O
infection	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Treatment	O
with	O
positive	O
airway	B-ANAT
pressure	O
devices	O
improved	O
signs	B-DISO
and	I-DISO
symptoms	I-DISO
of	O
obstructive	B-DISO
sleep	I-DISO
apnea	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
OSA	B-DISO
);	O
however	O
,	O
auto	O
-	O
adjusting	O
positive	O
pressure	O
(	O
APAP	B-CHED
)	O
device	O
was	O
not	O
as	O
effective	O
as	O
continuous	O
positive	O
airway	B-ANAT
pressure	O
(	O
CPAP	O
)	O
in	O
reducing	O
arterial	B-ANAT
blood	I-ANAT
pressure	O
and	O
insulin	B-DISO
resistance	B-PROC
.	O

K2	O
values	O
were	O
lower	O
in	O
APAP	B-CHED
compared	O
with	O
those	O
in	O
CPAP	O
and	O
CON	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
In	O
CPAP	B-PRGE
and	O
CON	B-PRGE
,	O
LFnu	O
and	O
LF	O
/	O
HF	O
,	O
markers	O
of	O
sympathetic	O
modulation	O
,	O
decreased	O
from	O
N2	O
to	O
N3	O
and	O
increased	O
during	O
REM	B-PROC
sleep	B-PROC
(	O
p	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
001	O
),	O
while	O
in	O
APAP	B-CHED
group	O
,	O
sympathetic	O
modulation	O
was	O
significantly	O
higher	O
compared	O
with	O
those	O
of	O
CPAP	O
and	O
CON	O
during	O
all	O
sleep	B-PROC
stages	I-PROC
.	O

Therefore	O
,	O
potent	O
reversible	O
HNE	B-CHED
inhibitors	B-CHED
are	O
promising	O
alternatives	O
to	O
sivelestat	O
.	O

Molecular	O
docking	B-PROC
experiments	O
indicated	O
that	O
the	O
molecular	O
scaffold	O
,	O
28	O
-	O
COOH	O
,	O
and	O
a	O
double	O
bond	O
at	O
an	O
appropriate	O
location	O
in	O
the	O
pentacyclic	O
triterpenes	B-CHED
are	O
important	O
for	O
their	O
inhibitory	O
activity	O
.	O

The	O
use	O
of	O
anti	B-CHED
-	I-CHED
inflammatory	I-CHED
agents	I-CHED
to	O
attenuate	O
inflammatory	B-DISO
response	I-DISO
during	O
acute	O
systemic	O
inflammatory	O
reactions	O
may	O
improve	O
survival	O
rates	O
.	O

The	O
pro	B-CHED
-	O
inflammatory	O
cytokines	O
,	O
including	O
TNFα	O
,	O
IL	O
-	O
1β	O
,	O
and	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
6	I-FUNC
,	O
were	O
dose	O
-	O
dependently	O
suppressed	O
by	O
FJU	O
-	O
C4	O
both	O
in	O
mRNA	B-CHED
and	O
protein	B-CHED
levels	O
.	O

These	O
findings	O
suggest	O
that	O
the	O
FJU	O
-	O
C4	O
compound	O
may	O
act	O
as	O
a	O
promising	O
therapeutic	O
agent	O
against	O
inflammatory	O
diseases	O
by	O
inhibiting	O
the	O
p38MAPK	B-PRGE
and	O
NF	O
-	O
κB	O
signaling	B-PROC
pathway	I-PROC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
IBV	B-SPEC
)	O
poses	O
a	O
severe	O
threat	O
to	O
the	O
poultry	O
industry	O
and	O
causes	O
heavy	O
economic	O
losses	O
worldwide	O
.	O

Finally	O
,	O
the	O
chimeric	O
VLPs	B-ANAT
induced	O
significantly	O
higher	O
IL	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
4	I-PROC
production	I-PROC
in	O
mice	B-SPEC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Few	O
studies	O
have	O
examined	O
the	O
epidemiology	O
of	O
respiratory	O
viral	O
infections	O
in	O
large	O
tertiary	O
centres	O
over	O
more	O
than	O
one	O
season	O
in	O
the	O
era	B-CHED
of	O
molecular	O
diagnosis	O
.	O

Respiratory	O
virus	B-SPEC
testing	O
was	O
performed	O
using	O
a	O
large	O
panel	O
of	O
real	O
-	O
time	O
PCR	O
or	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
.	O

In	O
conclusion	O
,	O
we	O
observed	O
significant	O
differences	O
in	O
viral	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
rates	O
and	O
virus	B-SPEC
types	O
among	O
age	O
groups	O
,	O
clinical	O
sample	O
types	O
and	O
seasons	O
.	O

Laboratory	O
tests	O
demonstrated	O
severe	O
hemolytic	O
anemia	B-DISO
,	I-DISO
profound	I-DISO
thrombocytopenia	O
,	O
markedly	O
elevated	O
fibrin	O
degradation	O
products	O
,	O
and	O
renal	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
.	O

The	O
patient	O
was	O
diagnosed	O
with	O
CAPS	O
with	O
hemorrhagic	O
manifestations	O
in	O
the	O
setting	O
of	O
new	O
-	O
onset	O
SLE	B-DISO
.	O

This	O
review	O
focuses	O
on	O
how	O
to	O
manage	O
a	O
calculated	O
ventilation	O
therapy	O
of	O
patients	O
suffering	B-DISO
from	O
bronchial	B-ANAT
obstruction	B-DISO
and	O
relevant	O
patents	O
.	O

Further	O
non	O
-	O
invasive	O
ventilation	O
can	O
successfully	O
support	O
the	O
weaning	B-PROC
after	O
a	O
long	O
-	O
lasting	O
ventilation	O
therapy	O
and	O
improve	O
the	O
prognosis	O
of	O
COPD	O
patients	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Aerobic	O
and	O
strength	O
training	O
in	O
concomitant	O
metabolic	B-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
and	O
type	B-DISO
2	I-DISO
diabetes	I-DISO
.	O

We	O
observed	O
a	O
significant	O
decrease	O
in	O
metabolic	B-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
scores	O
(	O
P	O
for	O
trend	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
003	O
)	O
for	O
AER	B-COMP
(-	O
0	O
.	O
59	O
,	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
=	O
-	O
1	O
.	O
00	O
to	O
-	O
0	O
.	O
21	O
)	O
and	O
AER	B-COMP
+	O
RES	O
(-	O
0	O
.	O
79	O
,	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
=	O
-	O
1	O
.	O
40	O
to	O
-	O
0	O
.	O
35	O
),	O
both	O
being	O
significant	O
(	O
P	O
≤	O
0	O
.	O
02	O
)	O
versus	O
control	O
(	O
0	O
.	O
26	O
,	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
=	O
-	O
0	O
.	O
58	O
to	O
0	O
.	O
40	O
)	O
and	O
RES	O
(-	O
0	O
.	O
13	O
,	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
=	O
-	O
1	O
.	O
00	O
to	O
0	O
.	O
24	O
).	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
outbreak	O
of	O
severe	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
in	O
2003	O
indicated	O
that	O
China	O
'	O
s	O
existing	O
former	O
mechanism	O
for	O
emergency	B-DISO
management	O
was	O
very	O
vulnerable	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Cytokine	O
levels	O
(	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
4	I-FUNC
,	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
6	I-FUNC
,	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
8	I-FUNC
and	O
TGFβ	O
)	O
as	O
potential	O
biomarkers	O
of	O
systemic	O
inflammatory	B-PROC
response	I-PROC
in	O
trauma	O
patients	O
.	O

SIRS	B-DISO
may	O
result	O
in	O
life	O
threatening	O
conditions	O
as	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
and	O
multiple	B-DISO
organ	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
(	O
MOF	B-DISO
).	O

Levels	O
of	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
4	I-FUNC
were	O
significantly	O
lower	O
in	O
the	O
injured	O
groups	O
as	O
compared	O
to	O
the	O
controls	O
.	O

Combined	O
tissue	B-ANAT
suppression	B-DISO
from	O
arterial	B-ANAT
involvement	O
and	O
peripheral	B-DISO
vasodilatation	I-DISO
,	O
perhaps	O
,	O
occur	O
simultaneously	O
.	O

Currently	O
,	O
there	O
is	O
no	O
specific	O
therapy	O
or	O
vaccine	O
with	O
proven	O
effectiveness	O
for	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
infections	B-DISO
.	O

While	O
ribavirin	B-CHED
and	O
interferon	B-PRGE
may	O
be	O
effective	O
in	O
some	O
patients	O
,	O
our	O
practical	O
experience	O
suggests	O
that	O
critically	O
ill	O
patients	O
with	O
multiple	O
comorbidities	O
who	O
are	O
diagnosed	O
late	O
in	O
the	O
course	O
of	O
their	O
illness	O
may	O
not	O
benefit	O
from	O
combination	O
antiviral	B-CHED
therapy	O
as	O
preclinical	O
data	O
suggest	O
.	O

None	O
of	O
the	O
patients	O
responded	O
to	O
the	O
supportive	O
or	O
therapeutic	O
interventions	O
and	O
all	O
died	B-PROC
of	O
their	O
illness	O
.	O

Addressing	O
censoring	O
by	O
considering	O
the	O
transmission	O
dynamics	O
in	O
an	O
exporting	O
country	O
,	O
we	O
demonstrate	O
that	O
the	O
illness	O
onset	O
within	O
2	O
days	O
from	O
immigration	O
is	O
suggestive	O
of	O
influenza	B-DISO
.	O

It	O
is	O
vital	O
to	O
collect	O
the	O
information	O
of	O
the	O
incubation	O
period	O
upon	O
emergence	O
of	O
a	O
novel	O
infectious	O
disease	O
,	O
and	O
moreover	O
,	O
in	O
our	O
model	O
,	O
the	O
fundamental	O
transmission	O
dynamics	O
including	O
the	O
initial	O
growth	B-PROC
rate	O
has	O
to	O
be	O
explored	O
to	O
differentiate	O
the	O
disease	O
diagnoses	O
with	O
non	O
-	O
specific	O
symptoms	O
.	O

NPPV	O
applied	O
as	O
the	O
first	O
-	O
line	O
intervention	O
for	O
ARDS	O
following	O
esophagectomy	O
for	O
esophageal	B-DISO
cancer	I-DISO
avoided	O
intubation	O
in	O
30	O
patients	O
(	O
30	O
/	O
64	O
,	O
48	O
.	O
4	O
%).	O

It	O
is	O
not	O
understood	O
whether	O
HCoV	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
HKU1	I-PRGE
S	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
has	O
similar	O
activity	O
.	O

Through	O
PERK	B-PRGE
kinase	I-PRGE
they	O
activated	O
the	O
transcription	B-PROC
of	O
UPR	O
effector	B-CHED
genes	O
such	O
as	O
Grp78	B-PRGE
,	O
Grp94	B-PRGE
and	O
CHOP	B-PRGE
.	O

SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
and	O
HCoV	O
-	O
HKU1	O
S	O
proteins	B-CHED
use	O
distinct	O
UPR	O
-	O
activating	O
domains	O
to	O
exert	B-PROC
the	O
same	O
modulatory	O
effects	O
on	O
UPR	O
signaling	B-PROC
.	O

More	O
cats	B-SPEC
were	O
negative	O
for	O
all	O
8	O
enteropathogens	O
tested	O
(	O
12	O
.	O
7	O
%)	O
than	O
expected	O
.	O

When	O
exact	O
combinations	O
of	O
co	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
were	O
examined	O
,	O
Tr	O
tended	O
to	O
be	O
found	O
in	O
combinations	O
with	O
Co	O
,	O
Cl	O
,	O
and	O
Gi	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
We	O
encountered	O
a	O
case	O
of	O
severe	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
distress	O
syndrome	O
in	O
late	B-DISO
pregnancy	I-DISO
due	O
to	O
influenza	B-DISO
(	O
H1N1	O
)	O
with	O
refractory	O
hypoxemia	O
to	O
conventional	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
The	O
effects	O
of	O
Nigella	B-SPEC
sativa	I-SPEC
(	O
Ns	O
),	O
Anthemis	B-SPEC
hyalina	I-SPEC
(	O
Ah	O
)	O
and	O
Citrus	B-SPEC
sinensis	I-SPEC
(	O
Cs	O
)	O
extracts	O
on	O
the	O
replication	O
of	O
coronavirus	O
and	O
the	O
expression	B-PROC
of	O
TRP	B-PRGE
genes	I-PRGE
family	B-SPEC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Extracts	O
of	O
Anthemis	B-SPEC
hyalina	I-SPEC
(	O
Ah	O
),	O
Nigella	B-SPEC
sativa	I-SPEC
(	O
Ns	O
)	O
and	O
peels	B-DISO
of	O
Citrus	B-SPEC
sinensis	I-SPEC
(	O
Cs	O
)	O
have	O
been	O
used	O
as	O
folk	O
medicine	B-CHED
to	O
fight	O
antimicrobial	B-CHED
diseases	O
.	O

To	O
evaluate	O
the	O
effect	O
of	O
extracts	O
of	O
Ah	O
,	O
Ns	O
and	O
Cs	O
on	O
the	O
replication	O
of	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
CoV	O
)	O
and	O
on	O
the	O
expression	B-PROC
of	O
TRP	B-PRGE
genes	I-PRGE
during	O
coronavirus	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
,	O
HeLa	B-ANAT
-	O
CEACAM1a	O
(	O
HeLa	B-ANAT
-	O
epithelial	O
carcinoembryonic	B-PRGE
antigen	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
related	I-PRGE
cell	B-PROC
adhesion	B-DISO
molecule	I-PRGE
1a	I-PRGE
)	O
cells	B-COMP
were	O
inoculated	O
with	O
MHV	B-SPEC
-	O
A59	O
(	O
mouse	B-DISO
hepatitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
-	O
A59	O
)	O
at	O
moi	O
of	O
30	O
.	O

Total	O
RNA	O
was	O
isolated	O
from	O
the	O
infected	O
cells	B-COMP
and	O
cDNA	O
was	O
synthesized	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Neural	O
precursor	O
cells	O
(	O
NPCs	B-COMP
)	O
are	O
the	O
subject	O
of	O
intense	O
investigation	O
for	O
their	O
potential	O
to	O
treat	O
neurodegenerative	B-DISO
disorders	I-DISO
,	O
yet	O
the	O
consequences	O
of	O
neuroinvasive	O
virus	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
of	O
NPCs	B-COMP
remain	O
unclear	O
.	O

Electron	O
microscopy	O
analyses	O
indicate	O
that	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
229E	I-SPEC
virions	B-COMP
are	O
tethered	O
to	O
cell	B-COMP
surfaces	O
or	O
intracellular	B-COMP
membranes	B-ANAT
by	O
BST2	B-PRGE
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
The	O
SARS	B-PRGE
coronavirus	B-SPEC
nucleocapsid	B-COMP
protein	B-CHED
--	O
forms	O
and	O
functions	O
.	O

BRSV	B-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
was	O
detected	O
either	O
serologically	O
and	O
/	O
or	O
virologically	O
in	O
18	O
(	O
86	O
%)	O
of	O
21	O
outbreaks	O
and	O
in	O
most	O
cases	O
as	O
a	O
single	O
viral	O
agent	O
.	O

The	O
objective	O
of	O
this	O
study	O
was	O
to	O
use	O
a	O
real	O
-	O
time	O
PCR	O
diarrhea	B-DISO
panel	O
to	O
survey	O
the	O
frequencies	O
of	O
pathogens	O
and	O
co	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
infections	I-DISO
in	O
owned	O
dogs	B-SPEC
attended	O
in	O
a	O
veterinary	O
hospital	O
with	O
and	O
without	O
diarrhea	B-DISO
,	O
as	O
well	O
the	O
frequency	O
in	O
different	O
countries	O
.	O

CPV	B-SPEC
-	O
2	O
was	O
the	O
most	O
prevalent	O
pathogen	O
in	O
the	O
dual	O
co	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
infections	I-DISO
,	O
associated	O
with	O
CPA	O
,	O
Cryptosporidium	B-SPEC
spp	B-ENZY
.,	O
or	O
Giardia	B-DISO
spp	B-ENZY
.	O

To	O
screen	O
for	O
IBV	B-SPEC
inhibition	B-PROC
,	O
cells	B-COMP
and	O
virus	B-SPEC
were	O
pretreated	O
with	O
extracts	O
,	O
followed	O
by	O
infection	B-DISO
in	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
extract	O
.	O

Viral	B-DISO
cytopathic	I-DISO
effect	I-DISO
was	O
assessed	O
visually	O
following	O
an	O
additional	O
24	O
h	O
incubation	O
with	O
extract	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
treatment	O
with	O
S	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
nigra	I-SPEC
extracts	O
reduced	O
virus	B-SPEC
titers	O
by	O
four	O
orders	O
of	O
magnitude	O
at	O
a	O
multiplicity	O
of	O
infection	B-DISO
(	O
MOI	O
)	O
of	O
1	O
in	O
a	O
dose	O
-	O
responsive	O
manner	O
.	O

Unfortunately	O
,	O
prior	O
attempts	O
involving	O
direct	O
oxygen	B-CHED
ventilation	O
or	O
aqueous	O
perfusates	O
of	O
fluorocarbons	B-CHED
or	O
hemoglobin	B-PRGE
carriers	O
have	O
failed	O
,	O
leading	O
many	O
researchers	O
to	O
abandon	O
the	O
method	O
.	O

At	O
basal	O
state	O
,	O
loss	O
of	O
Cav1	B-PRGE
and	O
ADPN	B-PRGE
resulted	O
in	O
a	O
drastic	O
increase	O
of	O
oxidative	B-DISO
stress	I-DISO
and	O
resultant	O
nitrative	O
stress	O
in	O
DKO	O
lungs	B-ANAT
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
The	O
ORF4b	O
-	O
encoded	O
accessory	O
proteins	B-CHED
of	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
and	O
two	O
related	O
bat	O
coronaviruses	O
localize	O
to	O
the	O
nucleus	B-COMP
and	O
inhibit	O
innate	O
immune	O
signalling	B-PROC
.	O

We	O
report	O
the	O
first	O
series	O
of	O
adult	O
patients	O
with	O
ARF	B-DISO
and	O
HMs	B-DISO
treated	O
with	O
extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenation	B-PROC
(	O
ECMO	O
).	O

Etiology	O
of	O
ARF	B-DISO
was	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
(	O
n	O
=	O
10	O
),	O
thoracic	B-DISO
manifestation	O
of	O
NHL	B-DISO
(	O
n	O
=	O
2	O
),	O
sepsis	B-DISO
of	O
nonpulmonary	O
origin	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
1	O
),	O
and	O
transfusion	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
related	I-DISO
acute	I-DISO
lung	I-DISO
injury	I-DISO
(	O
n	O
=	O
1	O
).	O

There	O
is	O
very	O
little	O
information	O
regarding	O
extracorporeal	O
life	O
support	O
in	O
severe	O
AlP	B-CHED
poisoning	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Programmed	O
-	O
1	O
ribosomal	O
frameshifting	O
(-	O
1	O
PRF	O
)	O
stimulated	O
by	O
mRNA	B-CHED
pseudoknots	O
regulates	O
gene	B-PROC
expression	I-PROC
in	O
many	O
viruses	B-SPEC
,	O
making	O
pseudoknots	O
potential	O
targets	O
for	O
anti	O
-	O
viral	O
drugs	O
.	O

Using	O
single	O
-	O
molecule	O
force	O
spectroscopy	O
to	O
unfold	O
pseudoknots	O
mechanically	O
,	O
we	O
found	O
that	O
the	O
ligand	B-PROC
binding	B-FUNC
effectively	O
abolished	O
the	O
formation	B-PROC
of	O
alternate	O
conformers	O
.	O

This	O
result	O
extends	O
the	O
connection	O
between	O
-	O
1	O
PRF	O
and	O
conformational	O
dynamics	O
and	O
,	O
moreover	O
,	O
suggests	O
that	O
targeting	B-PROC
the	O
conformational	O
dynamics	O
of	O
pseudoknots	O
may	O
be	O
an	O
effective	O
strategy	O
for	O
anti	B-CHED
-	I-CHED
viral	I-CHED
drug	I-CHED
design	O
.	O

The	O
apoptotic	O
cells	B-COMP
,	O
indicated	O
by	O
caspase	B-PRGE
3	I-PRGE
-	O
activation	O
,	O
were	O
a	O
mixed	O
population	O
of	O
infected	O
and	O
a	O
higher	O
number	O
of	O
uninfected	O
cells	B-COMP
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Lipid	B-CHED
charge	O
regulation	B-PROC
of	O
non	O
-	O
specific	O
biological	O
ion	B-FUNC
channels	I-FUNC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
We	O
tested	O
,	O
using	O
a	O
low	O
starting	O
dilution	O
,	O
sequential	O
serum	O
samples	O
from	O
dromedary	B-SPEC
camels	B-SPEC
,	O
sheep	B-SPEC
and	O
horses	B-SPEC
collected	O
in	O
Dubai	O
from	O
February	O
/	O
April	O
to	O
October	O
of	O
2005	O
and	O
from	O
dromedary	B-SPEC
camels	B-SPEC
for	O
export	O
/	O
import	O
testing	O
between	O
Canada	O
and	O
USA	O
in	O
2000	O
-	O
2001	O
.	O

We	O
immunized	O
cats	B-SPEC
with	O
peptides	B-CHED
containing	O
T	O
-	O
helper	O
(	O
Th	O
)	O
1	O
epitopes	O
derived	O
from	O
the	O
nucleocapsid	B-COMP
(	O
N	O
)	O
protein	B-CHED
of	O
the	O
type	B-PRGE
I	I-PRGE
FIPV	I-PRGE
KU	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
strain	O
(	O
NP7	O
and	O
NP8	O
)	O
with	O
feline	B-SPEC
CpG	O
-	O
oligodeoxynucleotides	O
(	O
fCpG	O
-	O
ODNs	O
)	O
as	O
a	O
vaccine	O
adjuvant	B-CHED
.	O

Chest	B-ANAT
tubes	O
were	O
used	O
in	O
44	O
%,	O
and	O
21	O
%	O
required	O
a	O
tracheostomy	O
.	O

Patients	O
with	O
concurrent	O
severe	O
head	B-ANAT
injury	O
had	O
higher	O
rates	O
of	O
ventilatory	O
support	O
and	O
ICU	O
stay	O
and	O
had	O
worse	O
outcomes	O
in	O
every	O
category	O
compared	O
with	O
those	O
without	O
a	O
head	B-ANAT
injury	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
protein	O
coded	O
by	O
the	O
open	O
-	O
reading	O
-	O
frame	O
3a	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
has	O
been	O
demonstrated	O
to	O
form	O
a	O
cation	B-CHED
-	O
selective	O
channel	O
that	O
may	O
become	O
expressed	B-PROC
in	O
the	O
infected	O
cell	B-COMP
.	O

Drugs	O
that	O
inhibit	O
the	O
ion	O
channel	O
can	O
,	O
therefore	O
,	O
inhibit	O
virus	B-SPEC
release	B-PATH
,	O
and	O
they	O
could	O
be	O
a	O
source	O
for	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
novel	O
therapeutic	O
antiviral	B-CHED
agents	I-CHED
.	O

We	O
used	O
the	O
Xenopus	B-ANAT
oocyte	I-ANAT
with	O
a	O
heterologously	O
expressed	B-PROC
3a	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
as	O
a	O
model	O
system	O
to	O
test	O
the	O
efficacy	O
of	O
the	O
flavonols	B-CHED
.	O

Some	O
of	O
these	O
drugs	O
turned	O
out	O
to	O
be	O
potent	O
inhibitors	B-CHED
of	O
the	O
3a	O
channel	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Benign	B-DISO
prostatic	I-DISO
hyperplasia	I-DISO
:	O
a	O
new	O
metabolic	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
?	O

Management	O
of	O
emergency	B-DISO
care	O
.	O

The	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
RT	O
-	O
RPA	O
showed	O
cross	O
-	O
detection	O
neither	O
of	O
any	O
of	O
the	O
RNAs	O
of	O
several	O
coronaviruses	O
and	O
respiratory	O
viruses	B-SPEC
affecting	O
humans	B-SPEC
nor	O
of	O
the	O
human	B-SPEC
genome	O
.	O

The	O
present	O
case	O
suggests	O
that	O
extreme	O
leukocytosis	B-DISO
may	O
easily	O
lead	O
to	O
ARDS	B-DISO
,	O
triggered	O
by	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
Saudi	O
Arabian	O
Ministry	O
of	O
Health	O
implemented	O
a	O
pro	B-CHED
-	O
active	O
surveillance	O
programme	O
for	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
(	O
MERS	B-DISO
)	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
).	O

Five	O
thousand	O
and	O
65	O
individuals	O
were	O
screened	O
for	O
MER	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
:	O
hospitalized	O
patients	O
with	O
suspected	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
infection	B-DISO
(	O
n	O
=	O
2908	O
,	O
57	O
.	O
4	O
%),	O
healthcare	O
worker	O
(	O
HCW	O
)	O
contacts	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
1695	O
;	O
33	O
.	O
5	O
%),	O
and	O
family	B-SPEC
contacts	O
of	O
laboratory	O
-	O
confirmed	O
MERS	O
cases	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
462	O
;	O
9	O
.	O
1	O
%).	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Recent	O
years	O
have	O
seen	O
progress	O
in	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
statistically	O
rigorous	O
frameworks	O
to	O
infer	O
outbreak	O
transmission	O
trees	O
"("""	O
who	O
infected	O
whom	O
""")"	O
from	O
epidemiological	O
and	O
genetic	O
data	O
.	O

Our	O
approach	O
identifies	O
likely	O
transmission	O
events	O
and	O
infers	O
dates	O
of	O
infections	B-DISO
,	O
unobserved	O
cases	O
and	O
separate	O
introductions	O
of	O
the	O
disease	O
.	O

It	O
also	O
proves	O
useful	O
for	O
inferring	O
numbers	O
of	O
secondary	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
and	O
identifying	O
heterogeneous	O
infectivity	O
and	O
super	O
-	O
spreaders	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Network	O
analysis	O
reveals	O
distinct	O
clinical	O
syndromes	B-DISO
underlying	O
acute	B-DISO
mountain	I-DISO
sickness	I-DISO
.	O

Different	O
pathophysiological	O
mechanisms	O
are	O
now	O
thought	O
to	O
underlie	O
headache	B-DISO
and	O
sleep	B-DISO
disturbance	I-DISO
during	O
acute	O
exposure	O
to	O
high	O
altitude	O
.	O

Using	O
a	O
novel	O
visual	O
analogue	O
scale	O
(	O
VAS	O
),	O
we	O
sought	O
to	O
undertake	O
a	O
systematic	O
exploration	O
of	O
the	O
symptomatology	O
of	O
AMS	B-DISO
using	O
an	O
unbiased	O
,	O
data	O
-	O
driven	O
approach	O
originally	O
designed	O
for	O
analysis	O
of	O
gene	B-PROC
expression	I-PROC
.	O

The	O
post	O
-	O
mortem	O
examination	O
revealed	O
bilateral	O
pleural	O
,	O
pericardial	B-ANAT
and	O
peritoneal	B-ANAT
effusions	I-ANAT
as	O
well	O
as	O
left	B-DISO
ventricular	I-DISO
hypertrophy	I-DISO
with	O
patchy	O
myocardial	B-DISO
fibrosis	I-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
The	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
epidemic	O
in	O
mainland	O
China	O
dissected	O
.	O

An	O
important	O
finding	O
from	O
a	O
cohort	O
study	O
was	O
that	O
many	O
former	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
currently	O
suffer	B-DISO
from	O
avascular	O
osteonecrosis	B-DISO
,	O
as	O
a	O
consequence	O
of	O
the	O
treatment	O
with	O
corticosteroids	B-CHED
during	O
their	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
SARS	B-DISO
epidemic	O
provided	O
valuable	O
information	O
and	O
lessons	O
relevant	O
in	O
controlling	O
outbreaks	O
of	O
newly	O
emerging	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
,	O
and	O
has	O
led	O
to	O
fundamental	O
reforms	O
of	O
the	O
Chinese	O
health	O
system	O
.	O

The	O
results	O
indicated	O
that	O
the	O
HP	O
-	O
PRRSV	B-SPEC
-	O
infected	O
pigs	B-SPEC
died	B-PROC
and	O
exhibited	O
severe	O
pathological	O
changes	O
of	O
lungs	B-ANAT
featuring	O
increased	O
neutrophils	B-ANAT
,	O
mast	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
and	O
mononuclear	O
macrophages	B-ANAT
,	O
compared	O
with	O
the	O
pigs	B-SPEC
inoculated	O
with	O
low	O
pathogenic	O
(	O
LP	O
-)	O
PRRSV	B-SPEC
.	O

In	O
the	O
majority	O
of	O
patients	O
(	O
14	O
/	O
17	O
),	O
multifocal	O
areas	O
of	O
patchy	O
consolidation	O
were	O
identified	O
in	O
the	O
lower	O
lung	B-ANAT
zones	O
on	O
the	O
initial	O
CT	O
.	O

As	O
the	O
condition	B-DISO
progressed	O
,	O
the	O
patchy	O
consolidation	O
disappeared	O
(	O
10	O
/	O
13	O
)	O
and	O
diffuse	O
centrilobular	O
ground	O
-	O
glass	O
opacity	B-DISO
nodules	B-DISO
started	O
to	O
predominate	O
and	O
persist	O
.	O

Most	O
patients	O
(	O
92	O
%)	O
had	O
extrapulmonary	O
manifestations	O
,	O
including	O
shock	O
,	O
acute	O
kidney	B-ANAT
injury	O
,	O
and	O
thrombocytopenia	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Stillbirth	B-DISO
during	O
infection	B-DISO
with	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
.	O

Work	O
focused	O
on	O
enhancements	O
to	O
three	O
interrelated	O
priority	O
areas	O
and	O
included	O
achievements	O
in	O
1	O
)	O
establishing	O
an	O
emergency	O
operations	O
center	O
(	O
EOC	O
)	O
at	O
the	O
General	O
Department	O
of	O
Preventive	O
Medicine	B-CHED
with	O
training	O
of	O
personnel	O
for	O
public	O
health	O
emergency	B-DISO
management	O
;	O
2	O
)	O
improving	O
the	O
nationwide	O
laboratory	O
system	O
,	O
including	O
enhanced	O
testing	O
capability	O
for	O
several	O
priority	O
pathogens	O
(	O
i	O
.	O
e	O
.,	O
those	O
in	O
Vietnam	O
most	O
likely	O
to	O
contribute	O
to	O
public	O
health	O
emergencies	B-DISO
of	O
international	O
concern	O
);	O
and	O
3	O
)	O
creating	O
an	O
emergency	B-DISO
response	O
information	O
systems	O
platform	O
,	O
including	O
a	O
demonstration	O
of	O
real	O
-	O
time	O
reporting	O
capability	O
.	O

Understanding	O
this	O
virus	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
host	B-COMP
interaction	I-PROC
provided	O
an	O
opportunity	O
to	O
design	O
a	O
successful	O
live	O
-	O
attenuated	O
vaccine	O
for	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
and	O
opens	O
avenues	O
for	O
treatment	O
and	O
prevention	O
of	O
emerging	O
CoVs	O
and	O
other	O
RNA	B-DISO
virus	I-DISO
infections	I-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Respiratory	B-SPEC
syncytial	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
and	O
other	O
respiratory	O
viral	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
in	O
older	O
adults	O
with	O
moderate	O
to	O
severe	O
influenza	O
-	O
like	O
illness	O
.	O

Any	O
virus	B-SPEC
was	O
detected	O
in	O
320	O
/	O
556	O
(	O
57	O
.	O
6	O
%)	O
ILI	O
episodes	O
:	O
influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
(	O
104	O
/	O
556	O
,	O
18	O
.	O
7	O
%),	O
rhinovirus	B-SPEC
/	O
enterovirus	B-SPEC
(	O
82	O
/	O
556	O
,	O
14	O
.	O
7	O
%),	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
and	O
human	B-SPEC
metapneumovirus	I-SPEC
(	O
each	O
32	O
/	O
556	O
,	O
5	O
.	O
6	O
%).	O

Generalized	O
hypotonia	B-DISO
,	O
lactic	B-DISO
acidosis	I-DISO
,	O
hyperammonemia	B-DISO
and	O
3	O
-	O
MGA	O
were	O
present	O
in	O
all	O
since	O
birth	B-PROC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Flavivirus	B-SPEC
RNA	B-PROC
methylation	I-PROC
.	O

For	O
antiviral	B-CHED
development	B-PROC
,	O
a	O
structural	O
feature	O
unique	O
to	O
the	O
flavivirus	B-PRGE
methyltransferase	I-PRGE
was	O
successfully	O
used	O
to	O
design	O
selective	O
inhibitors	B-CHED
that	O
block	O
viral	O
methyltransferase	O
without	O
affecting	O
host	O
methyltransferases	O
.	O

Functionally	O
,	O
capping	B-PROC
is	O
essential	O
for	O
prevention	O
of	O
triphosphate	B-CHED
-	O
triggered	O
innate	O
immune	O
activation	O
;	O
N	O
-	O
7	O
methylation	B-PROC
is	O
critical	O
for	O
enhancement	O
of	O
viral	O
translation	B-PROC
;	O
and	O
2	O
'-	O
O	O
methylation	B-PROC
is	O
important	O
for	O
subversion	O
of	O
innate	B-DISO
immune	I-DISO
response	I-DISO
during	O
viral	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
.	O

Moreover	O
,	O
we	O
showed	O
that	O
the	O
expression	B-PROC
of	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
myeloperoxidase	B-PRGE
(	O
MPO	B-FUNC
),	O
intercellular	B-PRGE
adhesion	I-PRGE
molecule	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
(	O
ICAM	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
)	O
of	O
endothelial	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
and	O
CD11b	B-PRGE
of	O
polymorphonuclear	B-ANAT
neutrophils	I-ANAT
(	O
PMN	B-PROC
)	O
induced	O
by	O
LPS	B-DISO
were	O
significantly	O
decreased	O
by	O
PFC	O
treatment	O
in	O
vivo	O
.	O

This	O
study	O
highlighted	O
the	O
difficulty	O
in	O
managing	O
pain	O
in	O
neonates	O
who	O
are	O
exposed	O
to	O
numerous	O
painful	B-DISO
procedures	O
.	O

The	O
main	O
diagnosis	O
included	O
prematurity	O
and	O
respiratory	B-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Mesenchymal	B-ANAT
stromal	I-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
therapies	O
:	O
potential	O
and	O
pitfalls	O
for	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

In	O
addition	O
,	O
MSCs	B-FUNC
may	O
be	O
able	O
to	O
enhance	O
the	O
repair	B-PROC
and	O
resolution	O
of	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
.	O

MSCs	B-FUNC
appear	O
to	O
restore	O
epithelial	O
and	O
endothelial	B-ANAT
function	O
,	O
via	O
both	O
paracrine	B-PROC
and	O
cell	B-COMP
contact	O
dependent	O
effects	O
.	O

ARDS	B-DISO
is	O
frequently	O
a	O
component	O
of	O
a	O
generalized	O
process	O
resulting	O
in	O
dysfunction	O
and	O
failure	O
of	O
multiple	O
organs	B-ANAT
.	O

The	O
fact	O
that	O
MSCs	B-FUNC
are	O
in	O
clinical	O
studies	O
for	O
a	O
wide	O
range	O
of	O
disease	O
processes	O
is	O
a	O
clear	O
advantage	O
for	O
translating	O
MSCs	B-FUNC
to	O
clinical	O
testing	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
The	O
influence	O
of	O
age	O
,	O
gender	O
and	O
treatment	O
with	O
steroids	B-CHED
on	O
the	O
incidence	O
of	O
osteonecrosis	B-DISO
of	O
the	O
femoral	O
head	O
during	O
the	O
management	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
:	O
a	O
retrospective	O
study	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Corticosteroid	B-CHED
use	O
has	O
been	O
implicated	O
in	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
osteonecrosis	B-DISO
of	O
the	O
femoral	B-ANAT
head	I-ANAT
(	O
ONFH	O
).	O

Polyomavirus	B-SPEC
-	O
KI	O
(	O
8	O
.	O
9	O
%	O
vs	O
.	O
4	O
.	O
8	O
%;	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
002	O
)	O
and	O
CoV	O
-	O
OC43	O
(	O
12	O
.	O
2	O
%	O
vs	O
.	O
3	O
.	O
6	O
%;	O
p	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
001	O
)	O
were	O
more	O
prevalent	O
in	O
HIV	B-DISO
-	O
infected	O
than	O
-	O
uninfected	O
children	O
.	O

The	O
high	O
frequency	O
of	O
viral	O
co	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
infections	I-DISO
illustrates	O
the	O
complexities	O
in	O
attributing	O
causality	O
to	O
specific	O
viruses	B-SPEC
in	O
the	O
aetiology	O
of	O
LRTI	B-DISO
and	O
may	O
indicate	O
a	O
synergetic	O
role	O
of	O
viral	O
co	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
infections	I-DISO
in	O
the	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
of	O
childhood	O
LRTI	B-DISO
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
At	O
least	O
one	O
of	O
these	O
viruses	B-SPEC
were	O
identified	O
in	O
274	O
(	O
53	O
.	O
0	O
%)	O
of	O
517	O
and	O
in	O
509	O
(	O
54	O
.	O
0	O
%)	O
of	O
943	O
LRTI	B-DISO
-	O
episodes	O
in	O
HIV	B-DISO
-	O
infected	O
and	O
-	O
uninfected	O
children	O
,	O
respectively	O
.	O

Following	O
a	O
clinical	O
examination	O
,	O
we	O
collected	O
nasal	B-ANAT
specimens	O
from	O
which	O
the	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
detection	O
of	O
10	O
respiratory	O
viruses	B-SPEC
was	O
performed	O
through	O
snapshot	O
investigations	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Identification	O
of	O
a	O
broad	O
-	O
spectrum	O
antiviral	B-CHED
small	O
molecule	O
against	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
and	O
Ebola	O
,	O
Hendra	O
,	O
and	O
Nipah	O
viruses	B-SPEC
by	O
using	O
a	O
novel	O
high	O
-	O
throughput	O
screening	O
assay	O
.	O

We	O
screened	O
a	O
library	O
of	O
5	O
,	O
000	O
small	O
molecules	O
and	O
discovered	O
a	O
small	O
molecule	O
that	O
can	O
inhibit	O
the	O
cathepsin	B-PRGE
L	I-PRGE
cleavage	B-PROC
of	I-PRGE
all	I-PRGE
viral	I-PRGE
peptides	B-CHED
with	O
minimal	O
inhibition	B-PROC
of	O
cleavage	B-PROC
of	O
a	O
host	B-COMP
protein	B-CHED
-	O
derived	O
peptide	O
(	O
pro	B-CHED
-	O
neuropeptide	O
Y	O
).	O

Furthermore	O
,	O
we	O
demonstrate	O
that	O
the	O
small	O
molecule	O
is	O
a	O
mixed	O
inhibitor	B-CHED
of	O
cathepsin	B-PRGE
L	I-PRGE
.	O
Our	O
broad	O
-	O
spectrum	O
antiviral	B-CHED
small	O
molecule	O
appears	O
to	O
be	O
an	O
ideal	O
candidate	O
for	O
future	O
optimization	O
and	O
development	B-PROC
into	O
a	O
potent	O
antiviral	B-CHED
against	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
and	O
Ebola	O
,	O
Hendra	O
,	O
and	O
Nipah	O
viruses	B-SPEC
.	O

N	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
has	O
also	O
been	O
proposed	O
to	O
participate	O
in	O
the	O
replication	O
and	O
selective	O
packaging	O
of	O
genomic	O
RNA	O
and	O
the	O
transcription	B-PROC
and	O
translation	B-PROC
of	O
subgenomic	O
mRNA	B-CHED
.	O

Coronavirus	B-SPEC
N	O
proteins	B-CHED
contain	O
two	O
structurally	O
distinct	O
RNA	O
-	O
binding	B-FUNC
domains	O
,	O
an	O
unusual	O
characteristic	O
among	O
RNA	O
viruses	B-SPEC
.	O

As	O
expected	O
,	O
the	O
interaction	O
of	O
N	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
with	O
M	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
was	O
not	O
affected	O
in	O
either	O
of	O
the	O
chimeric	O
viruses	B-SPEC
.	O

The	O
main	O
finding	O
is	O
that	O
the	O
second	O
of	O
the	O
two	O
domains	O
plays	O
an	O
essential	O
role	O
in	O
recognizing	O
the	O
RNA	O
structure	O
that	O
allows	O
the	O
selective	O
packaging	O
of	O
genomic	O
RNA	O
into	O
assembled	O
virions	B-COMP
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Coronaviruses	O
encode	O
papain	O
-	O
like	O
proteases	O
(	O
PLpro	O
)	O
that	O
are	O
often	O
multifunctional	O
enzymes	O
with	O
protease	B-PROC
activity	I-PROC
to	O
process	O
the	O
viral	B-PRGE
replicase	I-PRGE
polyprotein	I-PRGE
and	O
deubiquitinating	B-PROC
(	O
DUB	O
)/	O
deISGylating	O
activity	O
,	O
which	O
is	O
hypothesized	O
to	O
modify	O
the	O
innate	B-DISO
immune	I-DISO
response	I-DISO
to	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

Initiation	O
of	O
the	O
transcription	B-PROC
of	O
selected	O
innate	O
immune	O
genes	O
such	O
as	O
TLR3	B-PRGE
,	O
TLR7	B-PRGE
,	O
MyD88	B-PRGE
,	O
IL	O
-	O
1β	O
and	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
β	I-PRGE
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
recruitment	B-DISO
of	O
macrophages	B-ANAT
,	O
were	O
evident	O
following	O
an	O
initial	O
down	B-PROC
regulation	I-PROC
of	O
some	O
of	O
the	O
observed	O
genes	O
(	O
TLR3	B-PRGE
,	O
IL	O
-	O
1β	O
,	O
and	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
γ	I-PRGE
)	O
in	O
trachea	B-DISO
and	O
lung	B-ANAT
.	O

Moreover	O
,	O
how	O
to	O
select	O
patients	O
and	O
the	O
timing	O
and	O
indications	O
for	O
ECLS	O
in	O
severe	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
remain	O
unclear	O
.	O

The	O
purpose	O
of	O
the	O
study	O
is	O
to	O
compare	O
H1N1	O
-	O
induced	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
distress	O
syndrome	O
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
with	O
ARDS	B-DISO
due	O
to	O
other	O
causes	O
of	O
severe	O
community	O
-	O
acquired	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
focusing	O
on	O
pulmonary	B-PROC
function	I-PROC
.	O

This	O
is	O
a	O
retrospective	O
data	O
analysis	O
of	O
adult	O
ARDS	B-DISO
patients	O
between	O
January	O
2009	O
and	O
December	O
2010	O
in	O
an	O
ARDS	B-DISO
referral	O
center	O
.	O

Parameters	O
of	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
and	O
pulmonary	B-PROC
function	I-PROC
were	O
analyzed	O
on	O
day	O
of	O
admission	O
and	O
over	O
the	O
consecutive	O
10	O
days	O
using	O
a	O
nonparametric	O
analysis	O
of	O
longitudinal	O
data	O
in	O
a	O
2	O
-	O
factorial	O
design	O
.	O

Gas	B-PRGE
exchange	O
was	O
more	O
severely	O
impaired	B-DISO
in	O
patients	O
with	O
H1N1	O
-	O
ARDS	B-DISO
over	O
course	O
of	O
time	O
.	O

Despite	O
significantly	O
prolonged	O
weaning	B-PROC
off	O
extracorporeal	O
lung	B-ANAT
support	O
and	O
intensive	O
care	O
unit	O
stay	O
in	O
H1N1	O
patients	O
,	O
the	O
proportion	O
of	O
survivors	O
did	O
not	O
differ	O
significantly	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Hantavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
Bunyaviridae	B-SPEC
)	O
cardiopulmonary	B-ANAT
syndrome	B-DISO
(	O
HCPS	O
)	O
is	O
an	O
emerging	O
health	O
problem	O
in	O
South	O
America	O
due	O
to	O
urban	O
growth	B-PROC
and	O
to	O
the	O
expansion	O
of	O
agriculture	O
and	O
cattle	B-SPEC
-	O
raising	O
areas	O
into	O
ecosystems	O
containing	O
most	O
of	O
the	O
species	B-SPEC
of	O
Sigmodontinae	B-SPEC
rodents	B-SPEC
that	O
act	O
as	O
hantavirus	B-SPEC
reservoirs	O
.	O

Person	O
-	O
to	O
-	O
person	O
transmission	O
of	O
hantavirus	B-SPEC
has	O
also	O
been	O
reported	O
in	O
Argentina	B-SPEC
and	O
Chile	O
.	O

We	O
have	O
previously	O
shown	O
that	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
M	O
protein	B-CHED
suppresses	O
type	O
I	O
interferon	B-PRGE
(	O
IFN	B-PRGE
)	O
production	O
by	O
impeding	O
the	O
formation	B-PROC
of	O
functional	O
TRAF3	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
containing	I-PRGE
complex	I-PRGE
.	O

Extension	O
of	O
these	O
studies	O
to	O
other	O
coronaviruses	O
and	O
arteriviruses	B-SPEC
led	O
to	O
the	O
realization	O
that	O
viral	O
protease	O
/	O
DUB	B-PRGE
activity	O
is	O
conserved	O
in	O
many	O
family	B-SPEC
members	O
.	O

In	O
the	O
present	O
study	O
,	O
we	O
provide	O
data	O
of	O
immunisation	O
experiments	O
with	O
a	O
recombinant	O
FCoV	O
pair	O
differing	O
only	O
in	O
the	O
truncation	B-DISO
(	O
PBFIPV	O
-	O
DF	O
-	O
2	O
)	O
or	O
completion	O
(	O
PBFIPV	O
-	O
DF	O
-	O
2	O
-	O
R3i	O
)	O
of	O
their	O
ORF3abc	O
regions	O
.	O

Prolonged	O
survival	O
was	O
observed	O
in	O
40	O
%	O
of	O
the	O
animals	B-SPEC
,	O
while	O
60	O
%	O
showed	O
fulminant	O
disease	O
course	O
.	O

The	O
use	O
of	O
noninvasive	O
ventilation	O
as	O
a	O
preventive	O
postextubation	O
approach	O
in	O
patients	O
at	O
risk	O
and	O
rescue	O
noninvasive	O
ventilation	O
in	O
those	O
developing	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
remains	O
under	O
debate	O
and	O
is	O
subject	O
to	O
ongoing	O
research	O
.	O

Postoperative	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
complications	I-DISO
are	O
common	O
,	O
but	O
severe	O
complications	O
are	O
infrequent	O
.	O

Their	O
reduction	O
requires	O
measures	O
to	O
prevent	O
infection	B-DISO
and	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
-	O
associated	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
through	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
low	O
tidal	O
volumes	O
and	O
early	O
extubation	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
):	O
evidence	O
and	O
speculations	O
.	O

In	O
addition	O
,	O
the	O
specificity	O
and	O
sensitivity	O
of	O
ICA	B-CHED
(	O
CJNP	O
/	O
TPA	B-FUNC
)	O
were	O
equivalent	O
to	O
those	O
of	O
the	O
reference	O
ELISA	O
.	O

With	O
co	O
-	O
localisation	B-PROC
stainings	O
,	O
it	O
was	O
found	O
that	O
MLCK	B-FUNC
and	O
myosin	B-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
co	O
-	O
localise	O
with	O
antigens	B-CHED
even	O
before	O
internalisation	O
started	O
.	O

The	O
most	O
commonly	O
diagnosed	O
cause	O
of	O
death	B-PROC
was	O
respiratory	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
(	O
107	O
/	O
180	O
,	O
59	O
.	O
4	O
%),	O
followed	O
by	O
lameness	B-DISO
(	O
n	O
=	O
22	O
,	O
12	O
.	O
2	O
%),	O
ketosis	B-DISO
(	O
n	O
=	O
12	O
,	O
6	O
.	O
7	O
%),	O
septicemia	B-DISO
(	O
n	O
=	O
11	O
,	O
6	O
.	O
1	O
%),	O
and	O
enteric	O
disease	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
10	O
,	O
5	O
.	O
6	O
%).	O

An	O
electrocardiogram	O
recorded	O
frequent	O
monomorphic	O
ventricular	B-DISO
ectopic	I-DISO
beats	I-DISO
with	O
bigeminy	O
and	O
trigeminy	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
main	O
factors	O
predisposing	O
to	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
such	O
complications	O
are	O
autonomic	B-DISO
disorder	I-DISO
,	O
hypoxemia	O
,	O
acidosis	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
electrolyte	B-DISO
imbalance	I-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
is	O
an	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
caused	O
by	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
).	O

The	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
S2	I-PRGE
is	O
a	O
potential	O
drug	O
target	O
,	O
as	O
peptidomimetics	B-CHED
against	O
S2	O
act	O
as	O
potent	O
fusion	O
inhibitors	B-CHED
.	O

The	O
importance	O
of	O
the	O
C	O
-	O
terminal	O
hydrophobic	O
residues	O
led	O
us	O
to	O
identify	O
a	O
42	O
-	O
residue	O
substructure	O
on	O
the	O
central	B-ANAT
core	I-ANAT
that	O
is	O
structurally	O
conserved	O
in	O
all	O
existing	O
CoV	O
S2	O
fusion	O
proteins	B-CHED
(	O
root	B-ANAT
mean	O
squared	O
deviation	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
4	O
Å	O
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Middle	O
east	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
4a	O
protein	B-CHED
is	O
a	O
double	O
-	O
stranded	O
RNA	O
-	O
binding	B-FUNC
protein	B-CHED
that	O
suppresses	O
PACT	B-DISO
-	O
induced	O
activation	O
of	O
RIG	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
I	I-PRGE
and	O
MDA5	B-PRGE
in	O
the	O
innate	O
antiviral	B-PROC
response	I-PROC
.	O

Expression	B-PROC
of	O
MERS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
4a	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
suppressed	O
the	O
interferon	B-PROC
production	I-PROC
induced	O
by	O
poly	O
(	O
I	O
·	O
C	O
)	O
or	O
Sendai	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
.	O

The	O
correlation	O
between	O
EVLWI	O
and	O
intrathoracic	O
blood	B-ANAT
volume	O
index	O
(	O
ITBVI	O
),	O
PVPI	O
and	O
OI	O
was	O
analyzed	O
.	O

The	O
28	O
-	O
day	O
mortality	O
rate	O
was	O
gradually	O
increased	O
with	O
severity	O
categories	O
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
mortality	O
in	O
moderate	O
and	O
severe	O
groups	O
were	O
significantly	O
higher	O
than	O
that	O
in	O
mild	O
group	O
[	O
54	O
.	O
5	O
%	O
(	O
12	O
/	O
22	O
),	O
57	O
.	O
1	O
%	O
(	O
8	O
/	O
14	O
)	O
vs	O
.	O
22	O
.	O
2	O
%	O
(	O
4	O
/	O
18	O
),	O
both	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
].	O

Combining	O
the	O
Berlin	O
definition	O
with	O
EVLWI	O
and	O
PVPI	O
,	O
the	O
severity	O
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
can	O
be	O
assessed	O
accurately	O
.	O

Herein	O
,	O
four	O
representative	O
Ag	O
NMs	B-DISO
including	O
spherical	O
Ag	O
nanoparticles	B-CHED
(	O
Ag	O
NPs	B-DISO
,	O
NM	O
-	O
300	O
),	O
two	O
kinds	O
of	O
silver	B-CHED
nanowires	O
(	O
XFJ011	O
)	O
and	O
silver	B-CHED
colloids	O
(	O
XFJ04	O
)	O
were	O
selected	O
to	O
study	O
their	O
inhibitory	O
effect	O
on	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
-	O
induced	O
host	B-COMP
cell	I-COMP
infection	B-DISO
in	O
vitro	O
.	O

No	O
Th1	O
epitope	B-CHED
-	O
containing	O
peptide	B-CHED
was	O
identified	O
in	O
the	O
peptides	B-CHED
derived	O
from	O
the	O
S1	B-PRGE
domain	I-PRGE
of	O
type	B-PRGE
I	I-PRGE
FIPV	I-PRGE
.	O

Of	O
the	O
peptides	B-CHED
derived	O
from	O
the	O
S	O
,	O
M	O
,	O
and	O
N	O
proteins	B-CHED
of	O
FIPV	O
,	O
those	O
that	O
induced	O
significantly	O
stronger	O
Th1	O
activity	O
than	O
that	O
of	O
the	O
FIPV	B-PRGE
antigen	I-PRGE
were	O
rescreened	O
,	O
and	O
4	O
peptides	B-CHED
were	O
identified	O
.	O

Various	O
synthetic	O
peptides	B-CHED
covering	O
the	O
potential	O
binding	B-FUNC
site	O
helped	O
to	O
minimize	O
further	O
the	O
binding	B-FUNC
motif	O
to	O
10	O
-	O
25	O
residues	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
the	O
molecular	O
organization	O
and	O
biochemical	B-PROC
mechanisms	I-PROC
of	O
the	O
viral	O
capping	B-PROC
apparatus	B-ANAT
typically	O
differ	O
from	O
its	O
cellular	B-COMP
counterpart	O
,	O
which	O
makes	O
viral	O
capping	B-PROC
enzymes	O
attractive	O
targets	O
for	O
drug	O
discovery	O
.	O

Our	O
previous	O
work	O
showed	O
that	O
SARS	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
non	O
-	O
structural	O
protein	B-CHED
14	O
represents	O
a	O
structurally	O
novel	O
and	O
unique	O
guanine	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
N7	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
methyltransferase	I-PRGE
(	O
N7	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
MTase	I-PRGE
)	O
that	O
is	O
able	O
to	O
functionally	O
complement	O
yeast	B-SPEC
cellular	B-PRGE
N7	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
MTase	I-PRGE
.	O

In	O
the	O
present	O
study	O
,	O
we	O
developed	O
a	O
yeast	B-SPEC
-	O
based	O
system	O
for	O
identifying	O
and	O
screening	O
inhibitors	O
against	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
N7	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
MTase	I-PRGE
using	O
both	O
96	O
-	O
well	O
and	O
384	O
-	O
well	O
microtiter	O
plates	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
other	O
compounds	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
ATA	B-SPEC
and	O
AdoHcy	B-CHED
,	O
did	O
not	O
exert	B-PROC
an	O
inhibitory	O
effect	O
within	O
a	O
cellular	B-COMP
context	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Papain	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
like	I-PRGE
protease	I-PRGE
(	O
PLpro	O
)	O
is	O
one	O
of	O
two	O
cysteine	B-PRGE
proteases	I-PRGE
involved	O
in	O
the	O
proteolytic	B-PROC
processing	I-PROC
of	O
the	O
polyproteins	O
of	O
Severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
).	O

One	O
of	O
the	O
O	O
atoms	B-CHED
of	O
the	O
C	O
-	O
terminal	O
Gly	B-CHED
residue	O
of	O
Ub	O
is	O
located	O
in	O
the	O
oxyanion	O
hole	O
consisting	O
of	O
the	O
main	O
-	O
chain	O
amides	B-CHED
of	O
residues	O
112	O
and	O
113	O
.	O

By	O
January	O
9	O
,	O
2014	O
,	O
the	O
disease	O
had	O
already	O
struck	B-DISO
178	O
persons	O
of	O
whom	O
75	O
died	B-PROC
from	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
and	O
diarrhoea	B-DISO
.	O

In	O
addition	O
,	O
many	O
strains	O
of	O
Betacoronavirus	B-SPEC
more	O
or	O
less	O
related	O
to	O
those	O
responsible	O
for	O
the	O
MERS	O
disease	O
in	O
man	B-CHED
have	O
been	O
isolated	O
from	O
bats	B-SPEC
in	O
Africa	O
,	O
Asia	O
and	O
Europe	O
.	O

In	O
the	O
current	O
study	O
,	O
the	O
N	O
-	O
glycosylation	B-PROC
of	O
the	O
Fc	O
-	O
portion	O
of	O
serum	B-COMP
IgG	B-PRGE
was	O
investigated	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
GBS	B-DISO
before	O
and	O
after	O
treatment	O
with	O
IVIg	O
in	O
relation	O
to	O
clinical	O
course	O
and	O
outcome	O
.	O

Glycoforms	O
of	O
serum	B-PRGE
IgG1	B-COMP
and	O
IgG2	B-COMP
were	O
determined	O
separately	O
by	O
liquid	O
chromatography	O
mass	O
spectrometry	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
nucleocapsid	B-COMP
protein	B-CHED
induces	O
cell	B-PROC
cycle	I-PROC
arrest	I-PROC
and	O
apoptosis	B-PATH
through	O
activation	O
of	O
p53	B-PRGE
signaling	B-PROC
.	O

We	O
found	O
that	O
TGEV	B-PRGE
N	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
suppressed	O
cell	B-PROC
proliferation	B-DISO
by	O
causing	O
cell	B-PROC
cycle	I-PROC
arrest	I-PROC
at	O
the	O
S	O
and	O
G2	O
/	O
M	B-PROC
phases	I-PROC
and	O
apoptosis	B-PATH
.	O

Moreover	O
,	O
the	O
expression	B-PROC
of	O
TGEV	B-PRGE
N	I-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
promoted	O
translocation	B-DISO
of	O
Bax	B-PRGE
to	O
mitochondria	B-COMP
,	O
which	O
in	O
turn	O
caused	O
the	O
release	B-PATH
of	O
cytochrome	B-PROC
c	I-PROC
,	O
followed	O
by	O
activation	O
of	O
caspase	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
3	I-PRGE
,	O
resulting	O
in	O
cell	B-COMP
apoptosis	B-PATH
in	O
the	O
transfected	O
PK	O
-	O
15	O
cells	O
following	O
cell	B-PROC
cycle	I-PROC
arrest	I-PROC
.	O

Further	O
studies	O
showed	O
that	O
p53	B-PRGE
inhibitor	B-CHED
attenuated	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
N	O
protein	B-CHED
induced	O
cell	B-PROC
cycle	I-PROC
arrest	I-PROC
at	O
S	O
and	O
G2	O
/	O
M	B-PROC
phases	I-PROC
and	O
apoptosis	B-PATH
through	O
reversing	O
the	O
expression	B-PROC
changes	O
of	O
cdc2	B-PRGE
,	O
cdk2	B-PRGE
and	O
cyclin	B-PRGE
B1	I-PRGE
and	O
the	O
translocation	B-DISO
changes	O
of	O
Bax	B-PRGE
and	O
cytochrome	B-PROC
c	I-PROC
induced	O
by	O
TGEV	B-PRGE
N	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
.	O

The	O
World	O
Health	O
Organization	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
several	O
other	O
national	O
agencies	O
,	O
are	O
still	O
working	O
on	O
different	O
clinical	O
approaches	O
to	O
implement	O
the	O
most	O
relevant	O
treatment	O
in	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

We	O
compared	O
innate	O
and	O
adaptive	B-PROC
immune	I-PROC
responses	I-PROC
of	O
two	O
patients	O
infected	O
with	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
to	O
understand	O
the	O
underlying	O
mechanisms	O
involved	O
in	O
the	O
response	O
and	O
propose	O
potential	O
therapeutic	O
approaches	O
.	O

Finally	O
,	O
we	O
confirm	O
previous	O
in	O
vitro	O
findings	O
that	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
can	O
drive	O
IL	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
17	I-PROC
production	I-PROC
in	O
humans	B-SPEC
.	O

Multivariate	O
logistic	O
regression	O
identified	O
independent	O
risk	O
factors	O
for	O
developing	O
moderate	O
-	O
to	O
-	O
severe	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

Predictors	O
for	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
moderate	O
or	O
severe	O
ARDS	B-DISO
were	O
inhalation	B-PROC
injury	O
(	O
odds	O
ratio	O
[	O
OR	O
],	O
1	O
.	O
90	O
;	O
95	O
%	O
confidence	O
interval	O
[	O
CI	O
],	O
1	O
.	O
01	O
-	O
3	O
.	O
54	O
;	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
046	O
),	O
Injury	O
Severity	O
Score	O
(	O
ISS	B-DISO
)	O
(	O
OR	O
,	O
1	O
.	O
04	O
;	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
,	O
1	O
.	O
01	O
-	O
1	O
.	O
07	O
;	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
0021	O
),	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
(	O
OR	O
,	O
198	O
;	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
,	O
1	O
.	O
07	O
-	O
3	O
.	O
66	O
;	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
03	O
),	O
and	O
transfusion	O
of	O
fresh	B-ANAT
frozen	I-ANAT
plasma	I-ANAT
(	O
OR	O
,	O
1	O
.	O
32	O
;	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
,	O
1	O
.	O
01	O
-	O
1	O
.	O
72	O
;	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
04	O
).	O

A	O
prototype	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
was	O
used	O
to	O
illustrate	O
how	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
fusion	O
machinery	O
can	O
be	O
controlled	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Receptor	O
variation	O
and	O
susceptibility	O
to	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
infection	I-DISO
.	O

It	O
is	O
conservatively	O
estimated	O
that	O
10	O
%	O
of	O
Sri	O
Lanka	B-SPEC
'	O
s	O
population	O
work	O
as	O
international	O
labor	B-PROC
migrants	O
(	O
1	O
.	O
8	O
to	O
2	O
million	O
workers	O
),	O
with	O
93	O
%	O
residing	O
in	O
the	O
Middle	O
East	O
.	O

The	O
strategies	O
described	O
here	O
may	O
be	O
useful	O
for	O
other	O
labor	B-PROC
sending	O
country	O
contexts	O
in	O
Asia	O
with	O
a	O
high	O
frequency	O
and	O
volume	O
of	O
migrant	O
workers	O
to	O
and	O
from	O
the	O
Gulf	O
region	O
.	O

Sera	B-COMP
from	O
noninfected	O
and	O
infected	O
pigs	B-SPEC
were	O
used	O
to	O
set	O
the	O
median	O
fluorescent	O
intensity	O
(	O
MFI	O
)	O
cutoffs	O
and	O
as	O
positive	O
controls	O
,	O
respectively	O
.	O

Sixteen	O
reactive	O
plaques	B-DISO
(	O
52	O
genes	O
)	O
were	O
detected	O
.	O

Oral	B-ANAT
valganciclovir	B-CHED
treatment	O
reduces	O
the	O
risk	O
of	O
hearing	B-DISO
loss	I-DISO
in	O
congenital	B-DISO
CMV	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
.	O

An	O
outbreak	O
of	O
mould	O
infections	B-DISO
of	O
the	O
central	B-ANAT
nervous	I-ANAT
system	I-ANAT
has	O
been	O
described	O
in	O
the	O
United	O
States	O
following	O
injection	O
of	O
contaminated	O
steroids	B-CHED
.	O

Therefore	O
,	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
effective	O
vaccines	O
is	O
crucial	O
for	O
preventing	O
its	O
further	O
spread	O
and	O
future	O
pandemic	O
.	O

This	O
study	O
suggests	O
the	O
potential	O
of	O
developing	O
MERS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
RBD	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
into	O
an	O
effective	O
and	O
safe	O
mucosal	B-ANAT
candidate	O
vaccine	O
for	O
prevention	O
of	O
respiratory	B-DISO
tract	I-DISO
infections	I-DISO
caused	O
by	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Community	O
-	O
acquired	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
continues	O
to	O
be	O
an	O
important	O
complication	B-DISO
of	O
HIV	B-PATH
infection	I-PATH
.	O

Rates	O
of	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
decrease	O
with	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
antiretroviral	O
therapy	O
but	O
continue	O
to	O
be	O
higher	O
than	O
in	O
HIV	B-DISO
uninfected	O
individuals	O
.	O

Immunization	O
against	O
Streptococcus	B-SPEC
pneumoniae	I-SPEC
and	O
smoking	O
cessation	O
can	O
reduce	O
this	O
risk	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Structural	O
basis	O
for	O
the	O
identification	O
of	O
the	O
N	O
-	O
terminal	O
domain	O
of	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
nucleocapsid	B-COMP
protein	I-PRGE
as	O
an	O
antiviral	B-CHED
target	O
.	O

By	O
targeting	B-PROC
this	O
pocket	O
,	O
we	O
identified	O
and	O
developed	O
a	O
new	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
N	O
protein	B-CHED
inhibitor	B-CHED
,	O
N	O
-(	O
6	O
-	O
oxo	B-CHED
-	O
5	O
,	O
6	O
-	O
dihydrophenanthridin	O
-	O
2	O
-	O
yl	O
)(	O
N	O
,	O
N	O
-	O
dimethylamino	O
)	O
acetamide	B-CHED
hydrochloride	B-CHED
(	O
PJ34	O
),	O
using	O
virtual	O
screening	O
;	O
this	O
inhibitor	B-CHED
reduced	O
the	O
N	O
protein	O
'	O
s	O
RNA	O
-	O
binding	B-FUNC
affinity	O
and	O
hindered	O
viral	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
.	O

We	O
also	O
determined	O
the	O
crystal	B-ANAT
structure	O
of	O
the	O
N	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
NTD	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
PJ34	I-PRGE
complex	I-PRGE
.	O

On	O
the	O
basis	O
of	O
these	O
findings	O
,	O
we	O
propose	O
guidelines	O
for	O
developing	O
new	O
N	O
protein	B-CHED
-	O
based	O
antiviral	B-CHED
agents	I-CHED
that	O
target	O
CoVs	O
.	O

The	O
structure	O
-	O
activity	O
relationships	O
(	O
SARs	B-DISO
)	O
developed	O
with	O
respect	O
to	O
CV	O
effects	O
established	O
that	O
small	O
structural	O
changes	O
to	O
the	O
P2	O
*	O
subsite	O
of	O
the	O
molecule	O
had	O
a	O
significant	O
impact	O
on	O
the	O
CV	O
profile	O
of	O
a	O
given	O
compound	O
.	O

Although	O
the	O
physicians	O
generally	O
focus	O
their	O
attention	O
in	O
avoid	O
barotrauma	O
--	O
caused	O
by	O
oxygen	B-CHED
supplement	O
or	O
jet	O
ventilation	O
through	O
AEC	O
--	O
concern	O
for	O
insertion	O
technique	O
can	O
minimize	O
life	O
threatening	O
complications	O
and	O
increase	O
the	O
safety	O
of	O
AEC	O
.	O

Quantitative	O
real	O
-	O
time	O
polymerase	O
chain	O
reaction	O
(	O
qPCR	O
)	O
analyses	O
allow	O
sensitive	O
detection	O
of	O
viral	O
nucleic	B-CHED
acids	I-CHED
,	O
but	O
it	O
is	O
not	O
clear	O
to	O
what	O
extent	O
specific	O
viruses	B-SPEC
contribute	O
to	O
disease	O
because	O
many	O
viruses	B-SPEC
have	O
been	O
detected	O
in	O
asymptomatic	O
children	O
.	O

Better	O
understanding	O
of	O
how	O
to	O
interpret	O
viral	O
findings	O
is	O
important	O
to	O
reduce	O
unnecessary	O
use	O
of	O
antibiotics	B-CHED
.	O

Metapneumovirus	B-SPEC
,	O
parainfluenza	B-DISO
viruses	B-SPEC
,	O
and	O
respiratory	B-SPEC
syncytial	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
were	O
highly	O
overrepresented	O
in	O
case	O
patients	O
.	O

qPCR	O
detection	O
of	O
respiratory	B-SPEC
syncytial	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
,	O
metapneumovirus	B-SPEC
,	O
or	O
parainfluenza	B-DISO
viruses	B-SPEC
in	O
children	O
with	O
ARI	B-CHED
is	O
likely	O
to	O
be	O
causative	O
of	O
disease	O
;	O
detection	O
of	O
several	O
other	O
respiratory	O
viruses	B-SPEC
must	O
be	O
interpreted	O
with	O
caution	O
due	O
to	O
high	O
detection	O
rates	O
in	O
asymptomatic	O
children	O
.	O

Rhinovirus	B-SPEC
was	O
the	O
most	O
common	O
finding	O
in	O
both	O
case	O
patients	O
and	O
control	O
subjects	O
(	O
47	O
.	O
9	O
%	O
and	O
21	O
.	O
5	O
%,	O
respectively	O
),	O
with	O
a	O
population	O
-	O
attributable	O
proportion	O
of	O
0	O
.	O
39	O
(	O
95	O
%	O
confidence	O
interval	O
:	O
0	O
.	O
01	O
to	O
0	O
.	O
62	O
).	O

There	O
appeared	O
to	O
be	O
no	O
significant	O
seasonal	O
influence	O
on	O
the	O
frequency	O
of	O
Cryptosporidium	B-SPEC
spp	B-ENZY
.;	O
but	O
there	O
was	O
one	O
for	O
Eimeria	B-SPEC
spp	B-ENZY
.:	O
the	O
odds	O
of	O
being	O
infected	O
with	O
Eimeria	B-SPEC
spp	B-ENZY
.	O

and	O
Rotavirus	B-SPEC
are	O
mostly	O
relevant	O
in	O
young	O
calves	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Feline	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
peritonitis	I-DISO
(	O
FIP	B-DISO
)	O
is	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
most	O
important	O
fatal	O
infectious	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
of	O
cats	B-SPEC
,	O
the	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
of	O
which	O
has	O
not	O
yet	O
been	O
fully	O
revealed	O
.	O

The	O
present	O
review	O
focuses	O
on	O
the	O
biology	O
of	O
feline	B-SPEC
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
FCoV	O
)	O
infection	B-DISO
and	O
the	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
and	O
pathological	O
features	O
of	O
FIP	B-DISO
.	O

Advances	O
have	O
been	O
made	O
in	O
the	O
clinical	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
FIP	B-DISO
,	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
clinical	O
pathologic	O
findings	O
,	O
serologic	O
testing	O
,	O
and	O
detection	B-PROC
of	I-PROC
virus	I-PROC
using	O
molecular	O
(	O
polymerase	O
chain	O
reaction	O
)	O
or	O
antibody	B-COMP
-	O
based	O
methods	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
(	O
MERS	B-DISO
)	O
is	O
proposed	O
to	O
be	O
a	O
zoonotic	O
disease	O
;	O
however	O
,	O
the	O
reservoir	O
and	O
mechanism	O
for	O
transmission	O
of	O
the	O
causative	O
agent	O
,	O
the	O
MERS	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
,	O
are	O
unknown	O
.	O

We	O
found	O
no	O
evidence	O
of	O
infection	O
in	O
domestic	B-SPEC
sheep	I-SPEC
or	O
domestic	B-SPEC
goats	I-SPEC
.	O

It	O
was	O
provided	O
on	O
an	O
emergency	B-DISO
basis	O
to	O
11	O
patients	O
,	O
urgently	O
to	O
5	O
,	O
and	O
electively	O
to	O
3	O
.	O

It	O
significantly	O
increased	O
costs	O
by	O
delaying	O
imminent	O
death	B-PROC
and	O
prolonging	O
stay	O
in	O
the	O
intensive	O
care	O
unit	O
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
Our	O
institutional	O
experience	O
of	O
extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenator	O
support	O
for	O
cardiac	B-ANAT
indications	O
in	O
adult	O
patients	O
indicates	O
poor	O
survival	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
African	O
trypanosomiasis	O
is	O
a	O
parasitic	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
sporadically	O
imported	O
to	O
Europe	O
by	O
tourists	O
or	O
immigrants	O
returning	O
from	O
endemic	O
areas	O
.	O

On	O
admission	O
,	O
his	O
clinical	O
status	O
was	O
severe	O
,	O
with	O
high	O
fever	B-PROC
of	O
41ºC	O
,	O
preceded	O
by	O
chills	B-DISO
,	O
bleeding	B-DISO
from	O
the	O
gums	B-ANAT
and	O
oral	B-ANAT
mucosa	I-ANAT
,	O
haemorrhages	B-DISO
at	O
the	O
sites	O
of	O
venipuncture	O
,	O
numerous	O
ecchymoses	O
,	O
fine	O
-	O
spotted	O
skin	B-DISO
rash	I-DISO
,	O
tachycardia	O
,	O
hepatosplenomegaly	B-DISO
,	O
dehydration	B-DISO
,	O
jaundice	B-DISO
,	O
dyspnoea	B-DISO
,	O
hypoxaemia	O
,	O
generalised	O
oedema	O
and	O
oliguria	B-DISO
.	O

A	O
severe	O
clinical	O
course	O
of	O
acute	O
rhodesiense	B-DISO
trypanosomiasis	I-DISO
with	O
renal	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
,	O
respiratory	B-DISO
distress	I-DISO
,	O
disseminated	B-DISO
intravascular	I-DISO
coagulation	I-DISO
syndrome	B-DISO
,	O
haemolysis	B-DISO
,	O
liver	B-DISO
insufficiency	I-DISO
and	O
myocarditis	B-DISO
was	O
confirmed	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Clinical	O
study	O
on	O
the	O
related	O
markers	O
of	O
blood	B-PROC
coagulation	I-PROC
in	O
the	O
patients	O
with	O
ANFH	B-DISO
after	O
SARS	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Detection	O
of	O
common	O
respiratory	O
viruses	B-SPEC
in	O
tonsillar	B-ANAT
tissue	I-ANAT
of	O
children	O
with	O
obstructive	B-DISO
sleep	B-PROC
apnea	I-DISO
.	O

Therefore	O
,	O
we	O
examined	O
tonsils	B-ANAT
for	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
respiratory	O
viruses	B-SPEC
'	O
nucleic	B-CHED
acids	I-CHED
in	O
children	O
with	O
OSA	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
in	O
children	O
without	O
OSA	B-DISO
(	O
undergoing	O
surgery	O
for	O
recurrent	O
throat	B-ANAT
infections	B-DISO
(	O
RI	O
)).	O

In	O
contrast	O
,	O
no	O
virus	B-SPEC
was	O
detected	O
in	O
RI	O
samples	O
(	O
relative	O
frequency	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
0001	O
).	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Few	O
studies	O
have	O
investigated	O
high	O
-	O
frequency	O
percussive	O
ventilation	O
(	O
HFPV	O
)	O
in	O
adult	O
patients	O
with	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
distress	O
syndrome	O
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
).	O

HFPV	O
caused	O
rapid	O
and	O
sustained	O
improvement	O
of	O
oxygenation	B-PROC
and	O
ventilation	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
moderate	O
to	O
severe	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

Central	B-ANAT
nervous	I-ANAT
system	I-ANAT
involvement	O
in	O
leptospirosis	B-DISO
most	O
commonly	O
occurs	O
as	O
aseptic	B-DISO
meningitis	I-DISO
,	O
often	O
asymptomatic	O
,	O
only	O
with	O
abnormal	O
cerebrospinal	B-ANAT
fluid	I-ANAT
findings	O
.	O

We	O
investigated	O
the	O
clinical	O
characteristics	O
of	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
OC43	I-SPEC
and	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
NL63	I-SPEC
in	O
patients	O
<	O
5	O
years	O
of	O
age	O
during	O
a	O
recent	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
season	O
.	O

In	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
partial	O
spike	O
(	O
S	O
),	O
ORF3	O
,	O
and	O
membrane	B-COMP
(	O
M	O
)	O
genes	O
amplified	O
from	O
these	O
variants	O
were	O
sequenced	O
and	O
analyzed	O
.	O

It	O
is	O
possible	O
that	O
these	O
mutations	O
have	O
changed	O
the	O
hydrophobicity	O
of	O
the	O
S	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
and	O
influenced	O
the	O
viral	O
antigenicity	O
and	O
virulence	B-PROC
.	O

There	O
is	O
a	O
lack	O
of	O
proven	O
effective	O
medications	O
for	O
therapy	O
of	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
.	O
The	O
current	O
knowledge	O
of	O
therapeutic	O
options	O
for	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
is	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
experience	O
from	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
and	O
from	O
in	O
vitro	O
studies	O
.	O

In	O
this	O
article	O
we	O
review	O
the	O
different	O
therapeutics	O
available	O
for	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
from	O
SARS	B-DISO
experience	O
,	O
in	O
vitro	O
and	O
animal	B-SPEC
studies	O
of	O
this	O
emerging	O
disease	O
.	O

Therefore	O
,	O
this	O
review	O
compares	O
animal	B-SPEC
models	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
and	O
influenza	B-DISO
,	O
with	O
an	O
emphasis	O
on	O
non	O
-	O
human	B-SPEC
primates	B-SPEC
,	O
ferrets	B-SPEC
and	O
cats	B-SPEC
.	O

Nevertheless	O
,	O
the	O
overall	O
information	O
obtained	O
on	O
SARs	B-DISO
following	O
the	O
qHPV	O
vaccine	O
suggests	O
a	O
good	O
safety	O
profile	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Evaluation	O
of	O
the	O
AdvanSure	O
™	O
real	O
-	O
time	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
compared	O
with	O
culture	O
and	O
Seeplex	O
RV15	O
for	O
simultaneous	O
detection	O
of	O
respiratory	O
viruses	B-SPEC
.	O

The	O
aim	O
of	O
this	O
investigation	O
was	O
to	O
determine	O
whether	O
the	O
combination	O
of	O
NIV	O
with	O
administration	O
of	O
a	O
neutrophil	B-CHED
elastase	I-CHED
inhibitor	I-CHED
could	O
improve	O
outcome	O
and	O
respiratory	O
conditions	O
in	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)-	O
patients	O
,	O
according	O
to	O
the	O
Berlin	O
definition	O
.	O

Eight	O
mild	O
,	O
17	O
moderate	O
,	O
and	O
10	O
severe	O
ARDS	B-DISO
-	O
patients	O
were	O
alive	O
on	O
day	O
28	O
after	O
the	O
induction	O
of	O
NIV	O
.	O

aMPV	O
and	O
THEV	O
diagnostic	O
swabs	O
and	O
blood	B-ANAT
samples	I-ANAT
were	O
made	O
once	O
a	O
week	O
up	O
to	O
14	O
weeks	O
of	O
age	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
On	O
September	O
20	O
,	O
2012	O
,	O
a	O
Saudi	O
Arabian	O
physician	O
reported	O
the	O
isolation	O
of	O
a	O
novel	O
coronavirus	O
from	O
a	O
patient	O
with	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
on	O
ProMED	O
-	O
mail	O
.	O

SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
originated	O
in	O
China	O
'	O
s	O
Guangdong	O
Province	O
and	O
affected	O
more	O
than	O
8000	O
patients	O
in	O
26	O
countries	O
before	O
it	O
was	O
contained	O
6	O
months	O
later	O
.	O

Here	O
,	O
we	O
review	O
the	O
current	O
state	O
of	O
knowledge	O
on	O
the	O
epidemiology	O
,	O
ecology	O
,	O
molecular	O
biology	O
,	O
clinical	O
features	O
,	O
and	O
intervention	O
strategies	O
of	O
the	O
novel	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
,	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Comparative	O
in	O
vivo	O
analysis	O
of	O
recombinant	O
type	O
II	O
feline	B-SPEC
coronaviruses	O
with	O
truncated	O
and	O
completed	O
ORF3	O
region	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Our	O
previous	O
in	O
vitro	O
comparative	O
study	O
on	O
a	O
feline	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
FCoV	O
)	O
pair	O
,	O
differing	O
only	O
in	O
the	O
intactness	O
of	O
their	O
ORF3abc	O
regions	O
,	O
showed	O
that	O
the	O
truncated	O
ORF3abc	O
plays	O
an	O
important	O
role	O
in	O
the	O
efficient	O
macrophage	B-ANAT
/	O
monocyte	B-ANAT
tropism	B-PROC
of	O
type	O
II	O
feline	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
peritonitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
FIPV	O
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Lack	O
of	O
association	O
of	O
the	O
caspase	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
12	I-PRGE
long	I-PRGE
allele	I-PRGE
with	O
community	O
-	O
acquired	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
in	O
people	O
of	O
African	O
descent	O
.	O

Active	O
full	O
-	O
length	O
caspase	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
12	I-PRGE
(	O
CASP12L	O
),	O
confined	O
to	O
the	O
people	O
of	O
African	O
descent	O
,	O
has	O
been	O
associated	O
with	O
increased	O
susceptibility	O
to	O
and	O
mortality	O
from	O
severe	B-DISO
sepsis	I-DISO
.	O

Neither	O
in	O
the	O
three	O
individual	O
CAP	B-PRGE
cohorts	I-PRGE
nor	O
in	O
the	O
combined	O
CAP	O
cohorts	O
,	O
was	O
mortality	O
in	O
CASP12L	O
carriers	O
significantly	O
different	O
from	O
that	O
in	O
non	O
-	O
CASP12L	O
carriers	O
.	O

Next	O
generation	O
sequencing	O
technologies	O
have	O
been	O
utilized	O
for	O
analysis	O
of	O
clinical	O
and	O
environmental	B-SPEC
samples	I-SPEC
to	O
identify	O
viral	O
pathogens	O
that	O
may	O
be	O
present	O
.	O

The	O
resultant	O
cDNAs	O
were	O
amplified	O
by	O
primer	O
-	O
specific	O
PCR	O
,	O
pooled	O
,	O
size	O
fractionated	O
and	O
sequenced	O
on	O
the	O
Ion	O
Torrent	O
PGM	B-FUNC
platform	O
.	O

Oxygen	B-CHED
saturation	O
was	O
increased	O
to	O
more	O
than	O
90	O
%	O
in	O
24	O
hours	O
,	O
which	O
was	O
maintained	O
for	O
3	O
days	O
when	O
we	O
were	O
able	O
to	O
wean	B-PROC
him	O
from	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
.	O

After	O
7	O
days	O
,	O
the	O
x	O
-	O
ray	B-SPEC
film	O
showed	O
considerable	O
clearing	O
of	O
shadows	O
.	O

Recent	O
experiences	O
with	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
and	O
pandemic	O
(	O
H1N1	O
)	O
influenza	B-DISO
in	O
2009	O
highlighted	O
that	O
health	O
professionals	O
may	O
have	O
difficulty	O
in	O
choosing	O
the	O
correct	O
facial	B-ANAT
and	O
respiratory	O
protection	O
.	O

Among	O
the	O
2	O
,	O
145	O
patients	O
enrolled	O
,	O
45	O
%	O
belonged	O
to	O
Group	O
A	O
,	O
36	O
%	O
to	O
Group	B-DISO
B	I-DISO
and	O
20	O
%	O
to	O
Group	O
C	O
.	O
Patients	O
in	O
Group	O
C	O
were	O
more	O
severe	O
than	O
patients	O
in	O
Group	B-DISO
B	I-DISO
.	O
Isolated	O
ARF	B-DISO
was	O
correlated	O
with	O
age	O
(	O
p	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
001	O
),	O
COPD	O
(	O
p	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
001	O
)	O
and	O
multilobar	O
infiltrates	B-DISO
(	O
p	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
001	O
).	O

The	O
identification	O
of	O
ARF	B-DISO
and	O
SS	O
on	O
hospital	O
admission	O
can	O
help	O
physicians	O
in	O
classifying	O
CAP	B-DISO
patients	O
into	O
three	O
different	O
clinical	O
phenotypes	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Fathead	B-SPEC
minnow	I-SPEC
nidovirus	B-SPEC
(	O
FHMNV	O
)	O
is	O
a	O
serious	O
baitfish	O
-	O
pathogenic	O
virus	B-SPEC
in	O
North	O
America	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Rapid	O
generation	O
of	O
a	O
mouse	B-SPEC
model	O
for	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
was	O
recently	O
identified	O
as	O
the	O
causative	O
agent	O
of	O
a	O
severe	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
.	O

Given	O
the	O
ability	O
of	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
to	O
rapidly	O
adapt	O
to	O
new	O
hosts	B-COMP
,	O
a	O
major	O
public	O
health	O
concern	O
is	O
that	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
will	O
further	O
adapt	O
to	O
replication	O
in	O
humans	B-SPEC
,	O
triggering	O
a	O
pandemic	O
.	O

Here	O
,	O
we	O
show	O
that	O
mice	B-SPEC
were	O
sensitized	O
to	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
infection	B-DISO
by	O
prior	O
transduction	B-PROC
with	O
adenoviral	B-SPEC
vectors	O
expressing	O
the	O
human	B-PRGE
host	B-COMP
-	I-PRGE
cell	B-COMP
receptor	I-PRGE
dipeptidyl	I-PRGE
peptidase	I-PRGE
4	I-PRGE
.	O

Clinical	O
disease	O
and	O
histopathological	O
changes	O
were	O
more	O
severe	O
in	O
the	O
absence	O
of	O
type	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
I	I-PRGE
IFN	I-PRGE
signaling	B-PROC
whereas	O
the	O
T	B-ANAT
-	I-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
response	O
was	O
required	O
for	O
virus	B-SPEC
clearance	O
.	O

Using	O
these	O
mice	B-SPEC
,	O
we	O
demonstrated	O
the	O
efficacy	O
of	O
a	O
therapeutic	O
intervention	O
(	O
poly	O
I	O
:	O
C	O
)	O
and	O
a	O
potential	O
vaccine	O
[	O
Venezuelan	B-DISO
equine	I-DISO
encephalitis	I-DISO
replicon	O
particles	O
expressing	O
MERS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
spike	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
].	O

We	O
also	O
found	O
little	O
protective	O
cross	O
-	O
reactivity	O
between	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
and	O
the	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
.	O
Our	O
results	O
demonstrate	O
that	O
this	O
system	O
will	O
be	O
useful	O
for	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
studies	O
and	O
for	O
the	O
rapid	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
relevant	O
animal	B-SPEC
models	O
for	O
emerging	O
respiratory	O
viral	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
.	O

By	O
comparing	O
what	O
is	O
known	O
about	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
to	O
what	O
has	O
recently	O
been	O
found	O
for	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
,	O
researchers	O
are	O
discovering	O
similarities	O
and	O
differences	O
that	O
may	O
be	O
important	O
for	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
.	O

Such	O
drugs	O
could	O
also	O
be	O
effective	O
for	O
many	O
other	O
respiratory	O
viruses	B-SPEC
,	O
including	O
the	O
recently	O
emerged	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
(	O
MERS	O
)	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
,	O
because	O
they	O
are	O
also	O
activated	O
by	O
TMPRSS2	O
in	O
vitro	O
.	O

From	O
Sep	O
2009	O
to	O
Dec	B-CHED
2010	O
,	O
a	O
total	O
of	O
1032	O
patients	O
with	O
serological	O
evidence	O
of	O
dengue	B-DISO
infection	B-DISO
were	O
admitted	O
to	O
our	O
hospital	O
.	O

Dengue	B-DISO
is	O
associated	O
with	O
severe	O
disease	O
,	O
and	O
deaths	B-PROC
do	O
occur	O
despite	O
current	O
supportive	O
management	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Neuroleptic	B-CHED
malignant	I-DISO
-	O
like	O
syndrome	B-DISO
with	O
a	O
slight	O
elevation	O
of	O
creatine	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
kinase	I-PRGE
levels	O
and	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
in	O
a	O
patient	O
with	O
Parkinson	B-PATH
'	I-PATH
s	I-PATH
disease	I-PATH
.	O

Likewise	O
,	O
the	O
need	O
for	O
supportive	O
care	O
is	O
essential	O
,	O
because	O
its	O
complications	O
are	O
severe	O
,	O
even	O
such	O
as	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
.	O

Pathology	B-DISO
was	O
not	O
fully	O
elucidated	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
A	O
lysine	B-CHED
-	O
methionine	B-CHED
exchange	O
in	O
a	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
surface	O
protein	B-CHED
transforms	O
a	O
retention	B-PROC
motif	O
into	O
an	O
endocytosis	O
signal	O
.	O

In	O
accordance	O
,	O
biopsy	O
of	O
FH	O
patients	O
shows	O
a	O
dramatic	O
increase	O
of	O
Fgl2	B-PRGE
expression	B-PROC
,	O
which	O
correlates	O
with	O
C5aR	B-PRGE
up	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
regulation	I-PROC
in	O
the	O
liver	B-ANAT
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
These	O
data	O
provide	O
evidence	O
that	O
mouse	B-SPEC
susceptibility	O
to	O
MHV	B-SPEC
-	O
3	O
-	O
induced	O
FH	O
may	O
rely	O
on	O
C5a	B-PRGE
/	O
C5aR	B-PRGE
interactions	O
,	O
for	O
which	O
ERK1	B-PRGE
/	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
and	O
p38	B-FUNC
pathways	B-PROC
participate	O
in	O
up	O
-	O
regulating	O
Fgl2	B-PRGE
expression	B-PROC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Rett	B-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
RS	O
)	O
causes	O
severe	O
cognitive	B-DISO
impairment	I-DISO
,	O
loss	O
of	O
speech	B-PROC
,	O
epilepsy	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
breathing	B-PROC
disturbances	O
with	O
intermittent	O
hypoxia	B-DISO
.	O

Furthermore	O
,	O
Trolox	O
specifically	O
attenuated	O
the	O
increased	O
hypoxia	B-DISO
susceptibility	O
of	O
Mecp2	B-PRGE
(-)	O
(/	O
y	O
)	O
slices	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
The	O
treatment	O
of	O
influenza	B-DISO
and	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
viral	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
].	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Baculovirus	B-SPEC
is	O
an	O
efficient	O
system	O
for	O
the	O
gene	B-PROC
expression	I-PROC
that	O
can	O
be	O
used	O
for	O
gene	O
transfer	O
to	O
both	O
insect	B-SPEC
and	O
different	O
vertebrate	B-SPEC
hosts	B-COMP
.	O

The	O
nucleocapsid	B-COMP
gene	O
(	O
N	O
)	O
of	O
the	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
was	O
cloned	O
in	O
a	O
baculovirus	B-SPEC
expression	B-PROC
system	O
for	O
insect	B-SPEC
cell	B-COMP
expression	B-PROC
.	O

AM	O
depletion	O
resulted	O
in	O
a	O
decreased	O
number	O
of	O
virus	B-SPEC
-	O
specific	O
CD4	B-PRGE
T	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
in	O
the	O
lung	B-ANAT
airways	O
.	O

In	O
addition	O
,	O
a	O
significant	O
increase	O
in	O
the	O
frequency	O
and	O
total	O
number	O
of	O
Tregs	O
in	O
the	O
lung	O
tissue	O
and	O
lung	B-ANAT
airways	O
was	O
observed	O
following	O
MHV	B-SPEC
-	O
1	O
infection	B-DISO
in	O
mice	B-SPEC
depleted	O
of	O
AM	O
.	O

We	O
hypothesized	O
that	O
distinct	O
immune	B-PROC
responses	I-PROC
in	O
the	O
lung	B-ANAT
and	O
gut	B-ANAT
during	O
the	O
primary	O
and	O
chronic	O
stages	O
of	O
viral	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
contribute	O
to	O
these	O
differences	O
.	O

Bioinformatics	O
analysis	O
showed	O
that	O
IBV	B-SPEC
,	O
NDV	B-SPEC
,	O
and	O
AIV	O
H9	O
induced	O
similar	O
core	O
host	B-COMP
responses	O
involved	O
in	O
biosynthetic	B-PROC
,	O
catabolic	B-PROC
,	O
metabolic	B-PROC
,	O
signal	B-PROC
transduction	I-PROC
,	O
transport	B-PROC
,	O
cytoskeleton	B-PROC
organization	I-PROC
,	O
macromolecular	B-PROC
complex	I-PROC
assembly	I-PROC
,	O
cell	B-PROC
death	I-PROC
,	O
response	B-PROC
to	I-PROC
stress	I-PROC
,	O
and	O
immune	B-PROC
system	I-PROC
process	I-PROC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Effects	O
of	O
avian	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
bronchitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
antigen	B-CHED
on	O
eggshell	B-PROC
formation	I-PROC
and	O
immunoreaction	B-PROC
in	O
hen	O
oviduct	B-ANAT
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Organophosphate	O
poisoning	O
presenting	O
with	O
muscular	B-DISO
weakness	I-DISO
and	O
abdominal	B-DISO
pain	I-DISO
--	O
a	O
case	O
report	O
.	O

It	O
leads	O
to	O
three	O
main	O
syndromes	B-DISO
notably	O
acute	O
cholinergic	O
syndrome	B-DISO
,	O
intermediate	B-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
,	O
and	O
delayed	O
polyneuropathy	B-DISO
.	O

It	O
rarely	O
causes	O
cardiac	B-DISO
arrhythmia	I-DISO
,	O
pancreatitis	B-DISO
and	O
hepatic	B-DISO
dysfunction	I-DISO
.	O

We	O
present	O
the	O
case	O
of	O
a	O
middle	O
-	O
aged	O
Asian	O
woman	O
suffering	B-DISO
from	O
organophosphate	O
poisoning	O
with	O
dual	O
complications	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Intersectin	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
1s	I-PRGE
:	O
an	O
important	O
regulator	O
of	O
cellular	B-COMP
and	O
molecular	O
pathways	B-PROC
in	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
robust	O
cluster	O
-	O
based	O
estimates	O
for	O
low	O
R0	O
values	O
are	O
still	O
desirable	O
so	O
as	O
to	O
help	O
prioritise	O
scarce	O
resources	O
between	O
different	O
emerging	O
infections	B-DISO
and	O
to	O
detect	O
significant	O
changes	O
between	O
clusters	B-CHED
and	O
over	O
time	O
.	O

Once	O
there	O
,	O
infection	B-DISO
of	O
CNS	B-CHED
cells	B-COMP
(	O
neurotropism	B-DISO
)	O
could	O
lead	O
to	O
human	B-SPEC
health	O
problems	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
encephalitis	B-DISO
and	O
long	O
-	O
term	O
neurological	O
diseases	O
.	O

We	O
aimed	O
to	O
determine	O
the	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
nasal	B-ANAT
carriage	O
rate	O
among	O
pilgrims	O
performing	O
the	O
2013	O
Hajj	O
and	O
to	O
describe	O
the	O
compliance	O
with	O
the	O
Saudi	O
Ministry	O
of	O
Health	O
vaccine	O
recommendations	O
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
There	O
was	O
no	O
evidence	O
of	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
nasal	B-ANAT
carriage	O
among	O
Hajj	O
pilgrims	O
.	O

Furthermore	O
,	O
age	O
-	O
dependent	O
iron	O
accumulation	O
and	O
lesion	O
-	O
associated	O
iron	O
liberation	O
,	O
as	O
occurring	O
in	O
the	O
human	B-SPEC
brain	B-ANAT
,	O
were	O
only	O
minor	O
in	O
rodent	B-SPEC
brains	B-ANAT
.	O

The	O
amplification	B-DISO
of	O
oxidative	O
injury	O
,	O
which	O
has	O
been	O
suggested	O
in	O
MS	O
,	O
is	O
only	O
reflected	O
to	O
a	O
limited	O
degree	O
in	O
the	O
studied	O
rodent	B-SPEC
models	O
.	O

In	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
we	O
uncovered	O
a	O
novel	O
mechanism	O
that	O
may	O
explain	O
how	O
SARS	B-DISO
PLpro	O
efficiently	O
inhibits	O
activation	O
of	O
the	O
IRF3	B-PRGE
pathway	B-PROC
.	O

Furthermore	O
,	O
SARS	B-DISO
PLpro	O
-	O
TM	O
reduces	O
the	O
levels	O
of	O
ubiquitinated	O
forms	O
of	O
RIG	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
I	I-PRGE
,	O
STING	B-PRGE
,	O
TRAF3	B-PRGE
,	O
TBK1	B-FUNC
,	O
and	O
IRF3	B-PRGE
in	O
the	O
STING	B-PRGE
-	O
TRAF3	B-PRGE
-	O
TBK1	B-FUNC
complex	O
.	O

These	O
results	O
collectively	O
point	O
to	O
a	O
new	O
mechanism	O
used	O
by	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
through	O
which	O
PLpro	O
negatively	O
regulates	O
IRF3	B-PRGE
activation	O
by	O
interaction	O
with	O
STING	B-PRGE
-	O
TRAF3	B-PRGE
-	O
TBK1	B-FUNC
complex	O
,	O
yielding	O
a	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
countermeasure	O
against	O
host	B-COMP
innate	B-PROC
immunity	I-PROC
.	O

Previous	O
studies	O
of	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
replication	O
complex	O
organization	O
and	O
protein	B-CHED
interactions	O
have	O
utilized	O
protein	B-PROC
overexpression	I-PROC
studies	O
and	O
immunofluorescence	O
of	O
fixed	B-ANAT
cells	B-COMP
.	O

In	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
we	O
tested	O
whether	O
reporter	O
molecules	O
could	O
be	O
expressed	B-PROC
from	O
the	O
replicase	O
polyprotein	O
of	O
murine	B-DISO
hepatitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
as	O
fusions	O
with	O
nonstructural	O
protein	B-CHED
2	O
or	O
3	O
and	O
whether	O
such	O
reporters	O
could	O
define	O
the	O
targeting	B-PROC
and	O
activity	O
of	O
replicase	B-PRGE
proteins	I-PRGE
during	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

Coronaviruses	O
are	O
a	O
family	B-SPEC
of	O
enveloped	O
,	O
positive	O
-	O
sense	B-PROC
RNA	O
viruses	B-SPEC
that	O
are	O
important	O
agents	O
of	O
disease	O
,	O
including	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
and	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
.	O

In	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
we	O
tested	O
whether	O
reporter	O
molecules	O
expressed	B-PROC
from	O
native	O
locations	O
within	O
the	O
replicase	B-PRGE
polyprotein	O
of	O
murine	B-DISO
hepatitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
as	O
fusions	O
with	O
nonstructural	O
proteins	B-CHED
could	O
define	O
the	O
expression	B-PROC
and	O
targeting	B-PROC
of	O
replicase	B-PRGE
proteins	I-PRGE
during	O
infection	B-DISO
in	O
live	O
cells	B-COMP
.	O

Although	O
a	O
small	O
number	O
of	O
camels	B-SPEC
have	O
been	O
found	O
to	O
have	O
positive	O
nasal	B-ANAT
swabs	O
by	O
real	O
-	O
time	O
polymerase	O
chain	O
reaction	O
and	O
to	O
carry	O
antibody	B-COMP
against	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
,	O
the	O
transmission	O
route	O
and	O
the	O
intermediary	O
animal	B-SPEC
source	O
remain	O
uncertain	O
amongst	O
the	O
sporadic	O
primary	O
cases	O
.	O

Acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
has	O
emerged	O
as	O
an	O
important	O
physical	O
trigger	O
factor	O
in	O
takotsubo	B-DISO
cardiomyopathy	I-DISO
.	O

Immature	O
immune	B-ANAT
system	I-ANAT
and	O
lack	O
of	O
fully	O
established	O
microbiota	B-SPEC
at	O
birth	B-PROC
predispose	O
neonatal	O
piglets	O
to	O
infection	B-DISO
with	O
enteric	O
pathogens	O
.	O

The	O
microorganisms	O
that	O
for	O
decades	O
have	O
been	O
associated	O
with	O
enteritis	B-DISO
and	O
diarrhea	B-DISO
in	O
suckling	O
piglets	O
are	O
:	O
rotavirus	B-SPEC
A	I-SPEC
,	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
,	O
enterotoxigenic	O
Escherichia	B-SPEC
coli	I-SPEC
(	O
ETEC	O
),	O
Clostridium	B-SPEC
perfringens	I-SPEC
type	O
C	O
,	O
Cryptosporidium	B-SPEC
spp	B-ENZY
.,	O
Giardia	B-DISO
spp	B-ENZY
.,	O
Cystoisospora	B-SPEC
suis	I-SPEC
and	O
Strongyloides	B-SPEC
ransomi	I-SPEC
.	O

Potentially	O
pathogenic	O
bacteria	B-SPEC
have	O
recently	O
received	O
focus	O
in	O
the	O
research	O
on	O
the	O
possible	O
etiology	O
of	O
neonatal	O
diarrhea	O
not	O
caused	O
by	O
common	O
pathogens	O
.	O

Furthermore	O
,	O
an	O
association	O
between	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
these	O
bacteria	B-SPEC
and	O
histological	O
lesions	O
was	O
evaluated	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Extrarespiratory	O
manifestations	O
of	O
Mycoplasma	B-SPEC
pneumoniae	I-SPEC
:	O
a	O
case	O
report	O
].	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Viral	O
lung	B-ANAT
infections	B-DISO
:	O
epidemiology	O
,	O
virology	O
,	O
clinical	O
features	O
,	O
and	O
management	O
of	O
avian	B-SPEC
influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
(	O
H7N9	O
).	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
avian	B-DISO
influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
(	O
H7N9	O
)	O
virus	B-SPEC
has	O
jumped	O
species	B-SPEC
barrier	O
and	O
caused	O
severe	O
human	B-SPEC
infections	B-DISO
.	O

Most	O
patients	O
acquired	O
the	O
infection	B-DISO
from	O
direct	O
contact	O
with	O
poultry	O
or	O
from	O
a	O
contaminated	O
environment	O
,	O
although	O
person	O
-	O
to	O
-	O
person	O
transmission	O
has	O
likely	O
occurred	O
.	O

Serum	B-COMP
proinflammatory	O
cytokines	O
were	O
similar	O
in	O
both	O
age	O
groups	O
,	O
whereas	O
significantly	O
lower	O
levels	O
of	O
IL	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
1beta	I-PRGE
,	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
18	I-FUNC
,	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
6	I-FUNC
,	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
12	I-FUNC
and	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
15	I-FUNC
were	O
detected	O
in	O
the	O
lungs	B-ANAT
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
-	O
infected	O
aged	O
monkeys	B-SPEC
at	O
either	O
5	O
or	O
10	O
days	O
post	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

Dendritic	B-ANAT
cells	B-COMP
and	O
monocytes	B-ANAT
/	O
macrophages	B-ANAT
showed	O
age	O
-	O
dependent	O
differences	O
in	O
activation	O
and	O
chemokine	O
receptor	O
profiles	O
,	O
while	O
the	O
CD8	B-PRGE
T	I-PRGE
cell	O
and	O
B	B-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
responses	O
were	O
significantly	O
reduced	O
in	O
the	O
aged	O
host	B-COMP
.	O

In	O
examination	O
of	O
viral	O
titers	O
,	O
significantly	O
higher	O
levels	O
of	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
were	O
detected	O
in	O
the	O
nasal	B-ANAT
swabs	O
early	O
,	O
at	O
day	O
1	O
post	O
infection	B-DISO
,	O
in	O
aged	O
as	O
compared	O
to	O
juvenile	O
monkeys	B-SPEC
,	O
but	O
virus	B-SPEC
levels	O
were	O
only	O
slightly	O
higher	O
in	O
aged	O
animals	B-SPEC
by	O
day	O
3	O
.	O

Mice	B-SPEC
deficient	O
in	O
the	O
ISG15	B-PRGE
deconjugating	I-PRGE
enzyme	I-PRGE
,	O
ubiquitin	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
specific	I-PRGE
peptidase	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
18	I-PRGE
(	O
USP18	B-PRGE
),	O
accumulate	O
high	O
levels	O
of	O
ISG15	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
conjugated	I-PRGE
proteins	I-PRGE
and	O
are	O
hypersensitive	O
to	O
type	B-PRGE
I	I-PRGE
IFN	I-PRGE
.	O

In	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
we	O
demonstrate	O
that	O
an	O
important	O
host	B-COMP
viral	O
defense	O
-	O
the	O
ISG15	B-PRGE
pathway	B-PROC
-	O
is	O
only	O
partially	O
effective	O
in	O
controlling	O
severe	O
coronavirus	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
.	O

MMP	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
8	I-PRGE
and	O
TIMP	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
levels	O
were	O
analyzed	O
from	O
blood	B-ANAT
samples	I-ANAT
taken	O
on	O
enrollment	O
in	O
the	O
study	O
and	O
48	O
hours	O
later	O
.	O

MMP	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
8	I-PRGE
and	O
TIMP	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
levels	O
were	O
compared	O
between	O
90	O
-	O
day	O
survivors	O
and	O
nonsurvivors	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Prevalence	O
and	O
molecular	O
characterization	O
of	O
human	B-SPEC
metapneumovirus	I-SPEC
in	O
influenza	B-PATH
a	I-PATH
negative	O
sample	O
in	O
Thailand	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Human	O
metapneumovirus	O
(	O
hMPV	B-SPEC
)	O
causes	O
respiratory	B-DISO
tract	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
in	O
influenza	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
like	I-DISO
illness	I-DISO
.	O

The	O
role	O
of	O
hMPV	B-SPEC
infections	B-DISO
in	O
all	O
age	O
groups	O
in	O
Thailand	O
has	O
not	O
yet	O
been	O
investigated	O
.	O

Thus	O
,	O
the	O
objective	O
of	O
this	O
study	O
was	O
to	O
determine	O
prevalence	O
of	O
hMPV	B-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
in	O
all	O
age	O
groups	O
in	O
Thailand	O
during	O
2011	O
.	O

Partially	O
,	O
F	B-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
from	O
hMPV	B-SPEC
positive	O
samples	O
were	O
sequenced	O
and	O
used	O
for	O
genotyping	O
by	O
phylogenetic	O
tree	O
analysis	O
.	O

The	O
prevalence	O
of	O
hMPV	B-SPEC
for	O
all	O
age	O
groups	O
was	O
6	O
.	O
3	O
%.	O

We	O
used	O
serologic	O
assays	O
to	O
analyze	O
651	O
dromedary	B-SPEC
camel	B-SPEC
serum	B-COMP
samples	O
from	O
the	O
United	O
Arab	O
Emirates	O
;	O
151	O
of	O
651	O
samples	O
were	O
obtained	O
in	O
2003	O
,	O
well	O
before	O
onset	O
of	O
the	O
current	O
epidemic	O
,	O
and	O
500	O
serum	B-COMP
samples	O
were	O
obtained	O
in	O
2013	O
.	O

Along	O
with	O
this	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
,	O
viruses	B-SPEC
of	O
at	O
least	O
8	O
other	O
families	O
have	O
been	O
found	O
to	O
infect	O
camels	B-SPEC
.	O

Infection	B-DISO
with	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
was	O
suspected	O
on	O
March	O
21	O
and	O
confirmed	O
on	O
March	O
23	O
;	O
the	O
patient	O
,	O
who	O
had	O
contact	O
with	O
an	O
ill	B-DISO
camel	B-SPEC
shortly	O
before	O
symptom	B-DISO
onset	O
,	O
died	B-PROC
on	O
March	O
26	O
.	O

Among	O
contacts	O
,	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
FFP2	O
/	O
FFP3	O
face	B-DISO
masks	O
during	O
aerosol	O
exposure	O
was	O
more	O
frequent	O
after	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
infection	B-DISO
was	O
suspected	O
than	O
before	O
.	O

For	O
SwIV	O
,	O
due	O
to	O
low	O
virus	B-SPEC
titre	O
on	O
the	O
control	O
discs	O
,	O
>	O
3	O
.	O
8	O
-	O
log	O
reduction	O
was	O
shown	O
for	O
the	O
25	O
-	O
mL	O
vaporized	O
volume	O
and	O
>	O
4	O
-	O
log	O
reduction	O
was	O
shown	O
for	O
the	O
27	O
-	O
mL	O
and	O
33	O
-	O
mL	O
vaporized	O
volumes	O
.	O

When	O
allocated	O
to	O
serology	O
-	O
matched	O
recipients	O
,	O
kidney	B-ANAT
transplantation	O
from	O
donors	O
with	O
hepatitis	B-PATH
C	I-PATH
may	O
result	O
in	O
an	O
excellent	O
short	O
-	O
term	O
outcome	O
and	O
a	O
significant	O
reduction	O
of	O
time	O
on	O
the	O
waiting	O
list	O
.	O

These	O
data	O
also	O
suggest	O
that	O
viral	O
binding	B-FUNC
and	O
/	O
or	O
entry	O
may	O
be	O
required	O
for	O
this	O
effect	O
.	O

Under	O
electron	O
microscopy	O
,	O
BYD1	O
-	O
infected	O
cells	B-COMP
showed	O
characteristics	O
typical	O
of	O
apoptosis	B-PATH
.	O

Survival	O
at	O
day	O
28	O
and	O
hemodynamic	B-PROC
and	O
respiratory	O
parameters	O
were	O
analyzed	O
and	O
compared	O
according	O
to	O
outcome	O
and	O
respiratory	O
status	O
.	O

IMPORTANCE	O
The	O
2012	O
outbreak	O
of	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
raises	O
the	O
specter	O
of	O
another	O
global	O
epidemic	O
,	O
similar	O
to	O
the	O
2003	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
epidemic	O
.	O

This	O
study	O
holds	O
significance	O
as	O
a	O
strategy	O
to	O
control	O
newly	O
emerging	O
viruses	B-SPEC
.	O

We	O
examined	O
the	O
entire	O
agenda	O
of	O
published	O
randomized	O
controlled	O
trials	O
(	O
RCTs	O
)	O
in	O
ARDS	B-DISO
that	O
reported	O
on	O
mortality	O
and	O
of	O
respective	O
meta	B-SPEC
-	O
analyses	O
.	O

Among	O
RCTs	O
with	O
more	O
than	O
50	O
deaths	B-PROC
in	O
at	O
least	O
one	O
treatment	O
arm	B-ANAT
(	O
n	O
=	O
21	O
),	O
two	O
showed	O
a	O
statistically	O
significant	O
mortality	O
benefit	O
of	O
the	O
intervention	O
(	O
lower	O
tidal	O
volumes	O
and	O
prone	O
positioning	O
),	O
one	O
showed	O
a	O
statistically	O
significant	O
mortality	O
benefit	O
only	O
in	O
adjusted	O
analyses	O
(	O
cisatracurium	O
),	O
and	O
one	O
(	O
high	O
-	O
frequency	O
oscillatory	O
ventilation	O
)	O
showed	O
a	O
significant	O
detrimental	O
effect	O
.	O

Across	O
29	O
meta	B-SPEC
-	O
analyses	O
,	O
the	O
most	O
consistent	O
evidence	O
was	O
seen	O
for	O
low	O
tidal	O
volumes	O
and	O
prone	O
positioning	O
in	O
severe	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

A	O
statistically	O
significant	O
survival	O
benefit	O
was	O
observed	O
in	O
eight	O
trials	O
(	O
seven	O
interventions	O
)	O
and	O
two	O
trials	O
reported	O
an	O
adverse	B-DISO
effect	I-DISO
on	O
survival	O
.	O

Across	O
29	O
meta	B-SPEC
-	O
analyses	O
,	O
the	O
most	O
consistent	O
evidence	O
was	O
seen	O
for	O
low	O
tidal	O
volumes	O
and	O
prone	O
positioning	O
in	O
severe	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

Herein	O
,	O
we	O
show	O
that	O
the	O
E	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
in	O
the	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
has	O
only	O
one	O
TM	O
domain	O
in	O
micelles	O
,	O
whereas	O
the	O
predicted	O
β	O
-	O
coil	O
-	O
β	O
motif	O
forms	O
a	O
short	O
membrane	B-COMP
-	O
bound	O
α	O
-	O
helix	O
connected	O
by	O
a	O
disordered	O
loop	O
to	O
the	O
TM	O
domain	O
.	O

A	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
acute	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
thromboembolism	I-DISO
was	O
suggested	O
by	O
initial	O
evaluation	O
.	O

In	O
the	O
present	O
study	O
endotoxin	O
was	O
infused	O
intravenously	O
into	O
14	O
sheep	B-SPEC
from	O
which	O
6	O
received	O
different	O
doses	O
of	O
adult	O
stem	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
by	O
intrabronchial	O
delivery	O
to	O
evaluate	O
the	O
effect	O
of	O
stem	B-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
therapy	O
.	O

Other	O
risk	O
factors	O
including	O
flock	O
size	O
,	O
flock	O
type	O
,	O
flock	O
age	O
,	O
chicken	B-SPEC
breed	B-PROC
and	O
vaccination	O
frequency	O
were	O
also	O
assessed	O
.	O

Detection	O
of	O
IBV	B-SPEC
in	O
a	O
flock	O
,	O
the	O
farm	O
type	O
and	O
flock	O
size	O
were	O
identified	O
as	O
potential	O
risk	O
factors	O
for	O
the	O
production	O
of	O
eggs	O
with	O
poor	O
Haugh	O
units	O
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
IBV	B-SPEC
is	O
prevalent	O
in	O
Australian	O
layer	B-ANAT
flocks	O
,	O
but	O
infection	B-DISO
was	O
primarily	O
subclinical	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
High	O
-	O
dose	O
dietary	O
zinc	B-CHED
oxide	I-CHED
mitigates	O
infection	B-DISO
with	O
transmissible	O
gastroenteritis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
in	O
piglets	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Zinc	O
(	O
Zn	O
)	O
supplementation	O
has	O
been	O
shown	O
to	O
reduce	O
the	O
incidence	O
of	O
diarrhea	B-DISO
and	O
to	O
protect	O
animals	B-SPEC
from	O
intestinal	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
,	O
but	O
the	O
mechanisms	O
of	O
this	O
protective	O
effect	O
against	O
virus	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
in	O
vivo	O
have	O
not	O
yet	O
been	O
elucidated	O
.	O

The	O
other	O
groups	O
received	O
the	O
diet	O
supplemented	O
with	O
ZnO	B-CHED
at	O
final	O
concentrations	O
of	O
150	O
mg	O
Zn	O
/	O
kg	O
diet	O
(	O
Znmed	O
),	O
or	O
2	O
,	O
500	O
mg	O
/	O
kg	O
diet	O
(	O
Znhigh	O
).	O

This	O
study	O
was	O
aimed	O
to	O
compare	O
the	O
strength	O
of	O
associations	O
between	O
different	O
cognitive	O
and	O
affective	O
measures	O
of	O
risk	O
and	O
self	O
-	O
reported	O
protective	O
behaviors	B-PROC
in	O
a	O
series	O
of	O
ten	O
cross	O
-	O
sectional	O
surveys	O
conducted	O
throughout	O
the	O
first	O
wave	O
of	O
influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
/	O
H1N1	O
pandemic	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
year	O
2013	O
marks	O
the	O
10th	O
anniversary	O
of	O
the	O
outbreak	O
of	O
the	O
severe	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Pathogenicity	O
and	O
molecular	O
characteristics	O
of	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
IBV	B-SPEC
)	O
strains	O
isolated	O
from	O
broilers	O
showing	O
diarrhoea	O
and	O
respiratory	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
.	O

IBV	B-SPEC
variants	O
were	O
isolated	O
from	O
broiler	O
flocks	O
with	O
enteric	O
and	O
respiratory	B-DISO
problems	I-DISO
in	O
two	O
regions	O
of	O
Brazil	O
.	O

The	O
USP	B-FUNC
-	O
10	O
isolate	O
,	O
of	O
enteric	O
origin	O
,	O
was	O
inoculated	O
via	O
the	O
oral	B-ANAT
oroculonasal	O
routes	O
into	O
IBV	B-SPEC
-	O
antibody	B-COMP
-	O
free	O
broilers	O
and	O
specific	O
pathogen	O
-	O
free	O
(	O
SPF	O
)	O
chickens	B-SPEC
to	O
determine	O
tissue	B-PROC
tropism	B-PROC
and	O
pathogenicity	O
and	O
compared	O
with	O
an	O
IBV	B-SPEC
variant	O
(	O
USP	B-FUNC
-	O
50	O
)	O
isolated	O
from	O
chickens	B-SPEC
showing	O
signs	O
of	O
respiratory	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
only	O
.	O

Interestingly	O
,	O
we	O
also	O
found	O
that	O
2	O
-	O
DG	O
treatment	O
could	O
affect	O
virus	B-PROC
assembly	I-PROC
,	O
which	O
is	O
similar	O
to	O
previous	O
studies	O
on	O
influenza	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
.	O

Adenovirus	B-DISO
,	O
bocavirus	B-SPEC
-	O
1	O
,	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
,	O
enteroviruses	B-SPEC
,	O
influenza	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
,	O
metapneumovirus	B-SPEC
,	O
parainfluenza	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
,	O
rhinovirus	B-SPEC
,	O
and	O
respiratory	B-SPEC
syncytial	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
were	O
detected	O
using	O
PCR	O
.	O

IL	O
-	O
37	O
expression	B-PROC
was	O
positively	O
associated	O
with	O
atopic	B-DISO
dermatitis	I-DISO
,	O
whereas	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
α	I-PRGE
,	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
13	I-FUNC
,	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
28	I-FUNC
,	O
and	O
Tbet	B-PRGE
expressions	O
were	O
negatively	O
associated	O
with	O
allergic	O
diseases	O
.	O

Tonsillar	B-ANAT
cytokine	O
expression	B-PROC
is	O
closely	O
related	O
to	O
existing	O
viral	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
,	O
age	O
,	O
and	O
allergic	O
illnesses	O
and	O
shows	O
distinct	O
clusters	B-CHED
between	O
antiviral	B-CHED
and	O
immune	O
regulatory	O
genes	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
is	O
a	O
leading	O
cause	O
of	O
mortality	O
in	O
burn	O
patients	O
.	O

Recent	O
reports	O
showed	O
a	O
high	O
prevalence	O
of	O
one	O
main	O
IBV	B-SPEC
genotype	O
(	O
Brazil	O
or	O
BR	O
-	O
I	O
)	O
with	O
low	O
genetic	O
diversity	O
in	O
commercial	O
poultry	O
flocks	O
from	O
Brazil	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Infectious	O
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
IBV	B-SPEC
)	O
causes	O
an	O
upper	B-ANAT
respiratory	I-ANAT
tract	I-ANAT
disease	O
in	O
chickens	B-SPEC
and	O
is	O
highly	O
contagious	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
An	O
Avian	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
in	O
quail	O
with	O
respiratory	O
and	O
reproductive	B-PROC
signs	O
.	O

Although	O
Avian	B-SPEC
metapneumovirus	I-SPEC
subtype	O
B	O
was	O
found	O
in	O
two	O
layers	B-ANAT
samples	O
,	O
Newcastle	B-SPEC
disease	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
was	O
not	O
found	O
in	O
quail	O
or	O
in	O
hens	O
.	O

Based	O
on	O
DNA	O
sequences	O
for	O
the	O
3	O
'-	O
untranslated	O
region	O
and	O
the	O
gene	O
encoding	O
the	O
RNA	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
dependent	I-PRGE
RNA	I-PRGE
polymerase	I-PRGE
,	O
this	O
avian	B-SPEC
coronaviruses	O
in	O
quail	O
is	O
an	O
IB	O
virus	B-SPEC
-	O
like	O
gammacoronavirus	B-SPEC
.	O

The	O
demonstration	O
of	O
an	O
endogeneous	O
in	O
vitro	O
growth	B-PROC
of	O
myeloid	O
progenitors	O
although	O
not	O
very	O
specific	O
can	O
help	O
JMML	B-DISO
diagnosis	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Positive	O
-	O
stranded	O
viruses	B-SPEC
synthesize	O
their	O
RNA	O
in	O
membrane	B-COMP
-	O
bound	O
organelles	B-COMP
,	O
but	O
it	O
is	O
not	O
clear	O
how	O
this	O
benefits	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
or	O
the	O
host	B-COMP
.	O

For	O
coronaviruses	O
,	O
these	O
organelles	B-COMP
take	O
the	O
form	O
of	O
double	O
-	O
membrane	B-COMP
vesicles	B-COMP
(	O
DMVs	O
)	O
interconnected	O
by	O
a	O
convoluted	O
membrane	B-COMP
network	O
.	O

22	O
.	O
2	O
%	O
of	O
the	O
patients	O
were	O
found	O
to	O
have	O
live	O
poultry	O
contact	O
history	O
and	O
80	O
%	O
were	O
aged	O
male	O
patients	O
with	O
multiple	O
co	O
-	O
morbidities	O
including	O
diabetes	B-DISO
,	O
hypertension	B-DISO
and	O
/	O
or	O
chronic	B-DISO
obstructive	I-DISO
pulmonary	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
(	O
COPD	B-DISO
).	O

H7N9	O
infection	B-DISO
induced	I-DISO
pneumonia	B-DISO
of	O
different	O
severity	O
ranging	O
from	O
mild	O
to	O
severe	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
or	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
/	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
to	O
multiple	B-DISO
organ	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
.	O

After	O
multivariate	O
analysis	O
,	O
only	O
CRP	B-PRGE
level	O
showed	O
significant	O
prediction	O
of	O
mortality	O
(	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
013	O
)	O
while	O
results	O
of	O
prothrombin	B-PRGE
time	I-PRGE
(	O
PT	O
)	O
analysis	O
almost	O
reached	O
statistical	O
significance	O
(	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
056	O
).	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenation	B-PROC
(	O
ECMO	O
)	O
is	O
an	O
established	O
method	O
of	O
treatment	O
for	O
extremely	O
severe	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
,	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
),	O
for	O
mechanical	O
circulatory	B-PROC
support	O
after	O
cardiac	B-ANAT
surgery	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
advanced	O
resuscitation	O
technique	O
in	O
specific	O
cases	O
.	O

One	O
was	O
for	O
the	O
detection	O
of	O
5	O
type	O
/	O
subtypes	O
of	O
the	O
influenza	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
called	O
Influenza	B-DISO
Panel	O
),	O
the	O
other	O
was	O
for	O
the	O
identification	O
of	O
14	O
major	O
respiratory	O
viruses	B-SPEC
,	O
including	O
emerging	O
human	B-SPEC
metapneumovirus	I-SPEC
(	O
HMPV	B-SPEC
),	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
CoV	O
NL63	O
,	O
HKU1	O
),	O
human	B-SPEC
bocavirus	I-SPEC
(	O
HBoV	O
),	O
and	O
WU	B-SPEC
polyomavirus	I-SPEC
(	O
WUPyV	O
)	O
(	O
called	O
Respiratory	O
Panel	O
).	O

As	O
determined	O
by	O
commercial	O
multi	O
-	O
PCR	O
kit	B-FUNC
and	O
conventional	O
PCR	O
(	O
for	O
HBoV	O
and	O
WUPyV	O
),	O
the	O
diagnostic	O
sensitivity	O
of	O
the	O
Respiratory	O
Panel	O
for	O
each	O
viral	O
targets	O
ranged	O
from	O
50	O
.	O
0	O
%	O
to	O
100	O
.	O
0	O
%,	O
the	O
diagnostic	O
specificity	O
was	O
96	O
.	O
2	O
%-	O
100	O
.	O
0	O
%,	O
and	O
accordance	O
rate	O
was	O
93	O
.	O
2	O
%	O
-	O
100	O
.	O
0	O
%,	O
the	O
kappa	O
correlation	O
of	O
eight	O
viral	O
targets	O
was	O
>	O
0	O
.	O
75	O
.	O

To	O
test	O
plans	O
that	O
were	O
developed	O
for	O
mass	O
prophylaxis	O
scenarios	O
,	O
in	O
April	O
2013	O
the	O
Cook	O
Country	O
Department	O
of	O
Public	O
Health	O
(	O
CCDPH	O
)	O
and	O
the	O
Triple	O
Community	O
(	O
TripCom	O
)	O
Medical	O
Reserve	O
Corps	O
(	O
MRC	O
)	O
executed	O
a	O
full	O
-	O
scale	O
mass	O
prophylaxis	O
exercise	O
in	O
response	O
to	O
a	O
simulated	O
anthrax	B-DISO
bioterrorism	O
attack	O
.	O

The	O
exercise	O
took	O
place	O
over	O
2	O
days	O
and	O
included	O
the	O
TripCom	O
Point	O
-	O
of	O
-	O
Dispensing	O
(	O
POD	O
)	O
Management	O
Team	O
,	O
volunteers	O
from	O
the	O
TripCom	O
MRC	O
,	O
and	O
neighboring	O
public	O
health	O
departments	O
and	O
MRCs	B-DISO
.	O

His	O
post	O
-	O
operative	O
recovery	O
was	O
complicated	O
by	O
myocardial	B-DISO
infarction	I-DISO
and	O
stroke	B-DISO
but	O
he	O
made	O
a	O
full	O
recovery	O
.	O

This	O
represents	O
the	O
first	O
report	O
of	O
slide	O
tracheoplasty	O
and	O
partial	B-DISO
atrioventricular	I-DISO
septal	I-DISO
defect	I-DISO
repair	B-PROC
in	O
a	O
child	O
following	O
extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenation	B-PROC
support	O
.	O

During	O
a	O
3	O
month	O
period	O
,	O
June	O
to	O
August	O
2013	O
,	O
there	O
were	O
12	O
positive	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
cases	O
reported	O
from	O
the	O
Hafr	O
Al	O
-	O
Batin	O
region	O
district	O
in	O
the	O
north	O
east	O
region	O
of	O
the	O
Kingdom	B-SPEC
of	O
Saudi	O
Arabia	O
.	O

A	O
ruddy	B-SPEC
turnstone	I-SPEC
sample	O
yielded	O
sequences	O
with	O
homology	O
to	O
deltacoronaviruses	O
.	O

Examples	O
are	O
calcitonin	B-CHED
-	O
producing	O
tumors	B-DISO
,	I-DISO
medullary	I-DISO
C	B-ANAT
-	I-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
thyroid	B-DISO
carcinoma	I-DISO
,	O
and	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
).	O

The	O
secretions	B-ANAT
of	O
nasopharyngeal	B-ANAT
aspirates	B-ANAT
were	O
analyzed	O
in	O
children	O
younger	O
than	O
21	O
years	O
with	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
infections	I-DISO
.	O

Patients	O
were	O
treated	O
at	O
the	O
Grupo	B-CHED
em	O
Defesa	O
da	O
Criança	O
Com	B-CHED
Câncer	O
(	O
Grendacc	O
)	O
and	O
University	O
Hospital	O
(	O
HU	O
),	O
Jundiaí	O
,	O
SP	O
.	O

Acute	B-DISO
lymphocytic	I-DISO
leukemia	I-DISO
(	O
42	O
.	O
3	O
%)	O
was	O
the	O
most	O
prevalent	O
neoplasia	B-DISO
.	O

Despite	O
causing	O
severe	O
,	O
and	O
often	O
refractory	O
,	O
hypoxaemia	O
,	O
the	O
high	O
mortality	O
and	O
long	O
-	O
term	O
morbidity	O
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
results	O
mainly	O
from	O
extra	O
-	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
organ	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
;	O
however	O
the	O
mechanism	O
for	O
this	O
organ	B-ANAT
crosstalk	B-PROC
has	O
not	O
been	O
determined	O
.	O

Flow	O
cytometry	O
of	O
whole	O
blood	B-ANAT
samples	I-ANAT
was	O
used	O
to	O
assess	O
transpulmonary	O
neutrophil	B-ANAT
priming	O
gradients	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
ARDS	B-DISO
,	O
sepsis	B-DISO
and	O
perioperative	O
controls	O
.	O

In	O
conclusion	O
,	O
the	O
correlation	O
with	O
resistance	O
to	O
illness	O
following	O
viral	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
may	O
be	O
directly	O
linked	O
to	O
a	O
more	O
vigorous	O
innate	B-DISO
immune	I-DISO
response	I-DISO
.	O

RT	O
-	O
qPCR	O
results	O
showed	O
that	O
the	O
circular	O
TFO	O
RNAs	O
,	O
except	O
TFO2	O
,	O
inhibit	O
FIPV	O
replication	O
,	O
where	O
the	O
viral	B-COMP
genome	I-COMP
copy	O
numbers	O
decreased	O
significantly	O
by	O
5	O
-	O
fold	O
log10	O
from	O
10	O
(	O
14	O
)	O
in	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
-	O
inoculated	O
cells	B-COMP
to	O
10	O
(	O
9	O
)	O
in	O
the	O
circular	O
TFO	O
RNAs	O
-	O
transfected	O
cells	B-COMP
.	O

In	O
conclusion	O
,	O
the	O
circular	O
TFOs	O
have	O
the	O
potential	O
to	O
be	O
further	O
developed	O
as	O
antiviral	B-CHED
agents	I-CHED
against	O
FIPV	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

Infectious	B-DISO
respiratory	B-DISO
tract	I-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
cause	O
most	O
mortality	O
among	O
infectious	B-DISO
illnesses	O
around	O
the	O
world	O
.	O

Many	O
herbs	O
have	O
remarkable	O
antiviral	B-CHED
effects	O
,	O
therefore	O
they	O
are	O
used	O
as	O
substitutes	O
of	O
antimicrobial	B-CHED
drugs	I-CHED
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Liver	B-ANAT
resection	O
is	O
increasingly	O
performed	O
in	O
elderly	O
patients	O
who	O
are	O
suspected	O
of	O
increased	O
postoperative	O
morbidity	O
(	O
PM	O
)	O
and	O
reduced	O
overall	O
survival	O
(	O
OS	O
).	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Development	B-PROC
of	O
anti	O
-	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
associated	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
agents	O
is	O
pivotal	O
to	O
prevent	O
the	O
reemergence	O
of	O
the	O
life	O
-	O
threatening	O
disease	O
,	O
SARS	B-DISO
.	O

Among	O
these	O
extracts	O
,	O
CBM	O
and	O
DBM	B-DISO
also	O
showed	O
significant	O
inhibition	B-PROC
of	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
3CL	I-PRGE
protease	B-PROC
activity	I-PROC
with	O
IC50	O
values	O
of	O
39	O
μg	O
/	O
ml	O
and	O
44	O
μg	O
/	O
ml	O
,	O
respectively	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Human	B-SPEC
disease	O
caused	O
by	O
highly	O
pathogenic	O
avian	B-DISO
influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
(	O
HPAI	B-FUNC
)	O
(	O
H5N1	B-DISO
)	O
is	O
associated	O
with	O
fulminant	O
viral	B-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
and	O
mortality	O
rates	O
in	O
excess	O
of	O
60	O
%.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
investigate	O
the	O
diversity	O
of	O
viral	O
flora	O
,	O
we	O
used	O
metagenomics	O
to	O
study	O
the	O
viral	O
communities	O
in	O
a	O
pooled	O
faecal	B-ANAT
sample	O
of	O
27	O
diarrhoeic	O
piglets	O
from	O
intensive	O
commercial	O
farms	O
in	O
China	O
.	O

By	O
contrast	O
,	O
healthy	O
piglets	O
shed	O
a	O
mean	O
of	O
3	O
.	O
2	O
different	O
viruses	B-SPEC
.	O

Specifically	O
,	O
when	O
given	O
to	O
a	O
person	O
(	O
e	O
.	O
g	O
.,	O
a	O
patient	O
'	O
s	O
family	B-SPEC
member	O
or	O
a	O
health	O
care	O
worker	O
)	O
either	O
before	O
or	O
after	O
exposure	O
to	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
,	O
the	O
humanized	O
antibody	B-COMP
may	O
prevent	O
or	O
inhibit	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
infection	B-DISO
,	O
thereby	O
stopping	O
the	O
spread	O
of	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
in	O
humans	B-SPEC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Identification	O
of	O
diverse	O
alphacoronaviruses	O
and	O
genomic	O
characterization	O
of	O
a	O
novel	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
-	O
like	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
from	O
bats	B-SPEC
in	O
China	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Typical	O
or	O
atypical	B-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
and	O
severe	O
acute	O
respiratory	B-DISO
symptoms	I-DISO
in	O
PICU	B-SPEC
.	O

Confusing	O
case	O
definitions	O
such	O
as	O
MERS	O
(	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
)	O
and	O
SARI	O
(	O
severe	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
infections	I-DISO
)	O
were	O
coined	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
:	O
a	O
case	O
-	O
control	O
study	O
of	O
hospitalized	O
patients	O
.	O

Few	O
clinical	O
predictors	O
could	O
enhance	O
the	O
ability	O
to	O
predict	O
which	O
patients	O
with	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
would	O
have	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
.	O
However	O
,	O
further	O
prospective	O
analysis	O
and	O
matched	O
case	O
-	O
control	O
studies	O
may	O
shed	O
light	O
on	O
other	O
predictors	O
of	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

Interestingly	O
,	O
we	O
also	O
found	O
that	O
a	O
low	O
day	O
1	O
albumin	B-PRGE
level	O
was	O
an	O
independent	O
biomarker	B-CHED
for	O
predicting	O
patient	O
life	O
dependence	B-DISO
6	O
months	O
after	O
a	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
event	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
the	O
exact	O
mechanisms	O
responsible	O
for	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
oedema	I-DISO
remain	O
unclear	O
.	O

With	O
antimicrobial	B-CHED
therapy	O
and	O
other	O
supportive	O
treatment	O
,	O
clinical	O
symptoms	O
and	O
oxygenation	B-PROC
of	O
the	O
patient	O
improved	O
gradually	O
.	O

Twenty	O
-	O
three	O
days	O
after	O
hospitalization	O
,	O
blood	B-ANAT
stream	O
infection	B-DISO
with	O
multidrug	O
-	O
resistant	O
Acinetobacter	B-SPEC
Baumannii	I-SPEC
occurred	O
,	O
which	O
lead	O
to	O
septic	B-DISO
shock	I-DISO
and	O
death	B-PROC
.	O

These	O
results	O
indicate	O
that	O
the	O
cooperation	O
of	O
anti	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
SARS	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
antibodies	B-COMP
and	O
phagocytic	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
plays	O
an	O
important	O
role	O
in	O
the	O
elimination	B-PROC
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Productive	O
replication	O
of	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
in	O
monocyte	B-ANAT
-	O
derived	O
dendritic	B-COMP
cells	B-COMP
modulates	O
innate	B-DISO
immune	I-DISO
response	I-DISO
.	O

First	O
,	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
productively	O
infected	O
Mo	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
DCs	I-PRGE
while	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
-	O
infection	B-DISO
was	O
abortive	O
.	O

Second	O
,	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
induced	O
significantly	O
higher	O
levels	O
of	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
γ	I-PRGE
,	O
IP	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
10	I-PRGE
,	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
12	I-FUNC
,	O
and	O
RANTES	B-PRGE
expression	B-PROC
than	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
.	O
Third	O
,	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
-	O
infection	B-DISO
induced	I-DISO
higher	O
surface	O
expression	B-PROC
of	O
MHC	B-PRGE
class	B-SPEC
II	I-PRGE
(	O
HLA	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
DR	I-PRGE
)	O
and	O
the	O
co	O
-	O
stimulatory	O
molecule	O
CD86	B-PRGE
than	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
-	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
kit	B-FUNC
is	O
a	O
valuable	O
tool	O
for	O
assisting	O
in	O
the	O
rapid	O
diagnosis	O
,	O
patient	O
management	O
and	O
epidemiology	O
of	O
suspected	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
cases	O
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
The	O
kit	B-FUNC
is	O
a	O
valuable	O
tool	O
for	O
assisting	O
in	O
the	O
rapid	O
diagnosis	O
,	O
patient	O
management	O
and	O
epidemiology	O
of	O
suspected	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
cases	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Bacterial	O
and	O
viral	O
etiology	O
in	O
hospitalized	O
community	B-DISO
acquired	I-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
with	O
molecular	O
methods	O
and	O
clinical	O
evaluation	O
.	O

We	O
aimed	O
to	O
evaluate	O
the	O
bacterial	O
and	O
viral	O
etiology	O
of	O
hospitalized	O
CAP	B-DISO
cases	O
and	O
compare	O
clinical	O
and	O
laboratory	O
findings	O
of	O
patients	O
with	O
pure	B-FUNC
bacterial	O
and	O
bacterial	O
and	O
viral	O
(	O
mixed	O
)	O
infections	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
etiological	O
identification	O
rate	O
in	O
50	O
patients	O
for	O
bacteria	B-SPEC
,	O
viruses	B-SPEC
and	O
mixed	O
virus	B-SPEC
-	O
bacteria	B-SPEC
combination	O
by	O
PCR	O
were	O
62	O
%,	O
4	O
%,	O
32	O
%,	O
respectively	O
and	O
60	O
%	O
in	O
55	O
patients	O
by	O
bacterial	O
culture	O
method	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Cytokine	B-DISO
storm	I-DISO
plays	O
a	O
direct	O
role	O
in	O
the	O
morbidity	O
and	O
mortality	O
from	O
influenza	B-SPEC
virus	B-PROC
infection	I-PROC
and	O
is	O
chemically	O
treatable	O
with	O
a	O
single	O
sphingosine	B-CHED
-	I-CHED
1	I-CHED
-	I-CHED
phosphate	I-CHED
agonist	B-CHED
molecule	O
.	O

Thus	O
,	O
we	O
hypothesized	O
that	O
neutrophil	B-CHED
elastase	I-CHED
inhibitor	I-CHED
attenuated	O
ventilation	O
-	O
induced	O
neutrophil	B-PROC
recruitment	B-DISO
and	O
MIP	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
2	I-PROC
production	I-PROC
through	O
inhibition	B-PROC
of	O
the	O
NF	O
-	O
κB	O
/	O
NRF	B-PRGE
pathway	B-PROC
.	O

Neutrophil	B-CHED
elastase	I-CHED
inhibitor	I-CHED
ameliorated	O
high	O
-	O
tidal	O
-	O
volume	O
ventilation	O
-	O
induced	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
,	O
neutrophil	B-ANAT
influx	O
,	O
production	O
of	O
MIP	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
and	O
malondialdehyde	B-CHED
,	O
activation	O
of	O
NF	O
-	O
κB	O
and	O
NRF	B-PRGE
,	O
apoptotic	O
epithelial	B-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
death	O
,	O
and	O
disruption	O
of	O
bronchial	B-ANAT
microstructure	O
in	O
mice	B-SPEC
.	O

MV	O
induced	O
systemic	O
leukocytopenia	B-DISO
and	O
liver	B-ANAT
,	O
gut	B-ANAT
and	O
kidney	B-ANAT
injury	O
in	O
mice	B-SPEC
with	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
.	O

There	O
is	O
also	O
emerging	O
evidence	O
that	O
a	O
lung	B-ANAT
-	O
protective	O
strategy	O
may	O
benefit	O
non	O
-	O
ARDS	B-DISO
patients	O
.	O

In	O
the	O
absence	O
of	O
contraindications	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
reasonable	O
to	O
consider	O
lung	B-ANAT
-	O
protective	O
ventilation	O
in	O
non	O
-	O
ARDS	B-DISO
patients	O
as	O
well	O
,	O
though	O
the	O
evidence	O
supporting	O
this	O
practice	O
is	O
less	O
conclusive	O
.	O

Once	O
the	O
patient	O
demonstrates	O
signs	O
of	O
recovery	O
,	O
the	O
best	O
approach	O
to	O
liberation	O
from	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
involves	O
daily	O
spontaneous	O
breathing	B-PROC
trials	O
and	O
protocolized	O
assessment	O
of	O
readiness	O
for	O
extubation	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Objective	O
:	O
We	O
aimed	O
to	O
identify	O
the	O
role	O
of	O
major	O
respiratory	O
viruses	O
in	O
the	O
aetiology	O
of	O
human	B-SPEC
nasal	B-DISO
polyps	I-DISO
using	O
polymerase	O
chain	O
reaction	O
technique	O
.	O

As	O
these	O
viruses	B-SPEC
approach	O
the	O
epithelial	O
surfaces	O
from	O
the	O
apical	O
side	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
not	O
surprising	O
that	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
cell	B-COMP
receptors	O
are	O
exposed	O
primarily	O
on	O
the	O
apical	O
domain	O
of	O
polarized	O
epithelial	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
.	O

In	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
an	O
attenuated	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
(	O
STC3	O
)	O
and	O
a	O
virulent	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
(	O
SHXB	O
)	O
were	O
used	O
to	O
determine	O
whether	O
porcine	B-SPEC
DCs	B-DISO
play	O
an	O
important	O
role	O
in	O
pathogenetic	O
differences	O
between	O
these	O
two	O
TGEVs	O
.	O

Our	O
results	O
showed	O
that	O
immature	O
and	O
mature	O
monocyte	B-ANAT
-	O
derived	O
dendritic	B-ANAT
cells	B-COMP
(	O
Mo	O
-	O
DCs	B-DISO
)	O
were	O
susceptible	O
to	O
infection	B-DISO
with	O
SHXB	O
and	O
STC3	O
.	O

These	O
differences	O
may	O
underlie	O
the	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
of	O
virulent	O
and	O
attenuated	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
in	O
piglets	O
,	O
and	O
could	O
help	O
us	O
to	O
develop	O
a	O
better	O
strategy	O
to	O
prevent	O
virulent	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Severe	O
Plasmodium	B-DISO
vivax	I-DISO
malaria	B-PATH
complicated	O
with	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
:	O
a	O
case	O
associated	O
with	O
focal	O
autochthonous	O
transmission	O
in	O
Greece	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Spinal	B-ANAT
cord	I-ANAT
injury	O
,	O
immunodepression	O
,	O
and	O
antigenic	O
challenge	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Stability	O
of	O
infectious	B-DISO
human	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
NL63	I-SPEC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Role	O
of	O
transportation	O
in	O
spread	O
of	O
porcine	B-SPEC
epidemic	I-SPEC
diarrhea	I-SPEC
virus	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
,	O
United	O
States	O
.	O

Salification	O
,	O
the	O
most	O
commonly	O
employed	O
method	O
for	O
modifying	O
physical	O
-	O
chemical	O
properties	O
,	O
did	O
significantly	O
increase	O
antiviral	B-CHED
activity	O
,	O
and	O
different	O
salt	B-CHED
forms	O
displayed	O
different	O
antiviral	B-CHED
effect	O
.	O

IFITMs	O
typically	O
exert	B-PROC
their	O
antiviral	B-CHED
function	O
by	O
inhibiting	O
the	O
entry	O
of	O
a	O
broad	O
spectrum	O
of	O
viruses	B-SPEC
into	O
their	O
host	B-COMP
cells	B-COMP
,	O
presumably	O
by	O
trapping	O
and	O
degrading	O
invading	O
virions	B-COMP
within	O
the	O
endocytic	O
compartments	B-ANAT
.	O

In	O
contrast	O
,	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
OC43	I-SPEC
uses	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	O
induced	O
human	B-SPEC
IFITM2	B-PRGE
or	O
IFITM3	B-PRGE
as	O
an	O
entry	O
factor	O
to	O
facilitate	O
its	O
infection	B-DISO
of	O
host	B-COMP
cells	B-COMP
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Infectious	O
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
IBV	B-SPEC
)	O
was	O
detected	O
in	O
185	O
samples	O
originating	O
from	O
chicken	B-SPEC
flocks	O
of	O
various	O
commodity	O
groups	O
in	O
Canada	O
.	O

Flocks	O
with	O
clinical	O
signs	O
such	O
as	O
respiratory	O
challenge	O
,	O
sudden	B-DISO
death	I-DISO
,	O
egg	B-ANAT
production	O
problems	O
,	O
or	O
nephropathogenic	O
conditions	O
,	O
and	O
randomly	O
selected	O
flocks	O
sampled	O
at	O
slaughter	O
as	O
part	O
of	O
an	O
Ontario	O
broiler	O
surveillance	O
project	O
,	O
were	O
included	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
the	O
recent	O
outbreaks	O
of	O
severe	O
respiratory	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
and	O
production	O
problems	O
in	O
Ontario	O
chicken	B-SPEC
flocks	O
related	O
to	O
the	O
incursion	O
of	O
IBV	B-SPEC
strain	O
4	O
/	O
91	O
were	O
not	O
prevented	O
by	O
standard	O
vaccination	O
protocols	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
if	O
only	O
diarrhoeic	O
on	O
the	O
day	O
of	O
birth	B-PROC
,	O
no	O
negative	O
effect	O
on	O
ADG	O
was	O
seen	O
.	O

In	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
herds	O
,	O
approximately	O
25	O
%	O
of	O
the	O
diarrhoeic	O
piglets	O
vs	O
.	O
6	O
%	O
of	O
the	O
non	O
-	O
diarrhoeic	O
piglets	O
died	B-PROC
,	O
and	O
74	O
%	O
of	O
necropsied	O
piglets	O
were	O
diagnosed	O
with	O
enteritis	B-DISO
.	O

These	O
findings	O
indicate	O
that	O
the	O
high	O
mortality	O
seen	O
in	O
this	O
herd	O
was	O
due	O
to	O
diarrhoea	B-DISO
.	O

Antibodies	B-COMP
against	O
canine	O
parvovirus	B-DISO
were	O
detected	O
in	O
71	O
.	O
6	O
%	O
(	O
63	O
/	O
88	O
)	O
blood	B-ANAT
samples	I-ANAT
and	O
the	O
seroprevalence	O
found	O
for	O
canine	B-SPEC
distemper	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
was	O
51	O
.	O
1	O
%	O
(	O
45	O
/	O
88	O
).	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
To	O
provide	O
information	O
regarding	O
the	O
health	O
status	O
of	O
the	O
canine	O
population	O
in	O
Vila	B-SPEC
do	O
Maio	O
,	O
Maio	O
Island	O
,	O
Cape	O
Verde	O
,	O
53	O
rectal	O
swabs	O
were	O
collected	O
from	O
53	O
stray	O
dogs	B-SPEC
during	O
2010	O
and	O
93	O
rectal	O
swabs	O
and	O
88	O
blood	B-ANAT
samples	I-ANAT
were	O
collected	O
from	O
125	O
stray	O
dogs	B-SPEC
in	O
2011	O
.	O

The	O
use	O
of	O
controlled	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
with	O
tidal	O
volume	O
>	O
8	O
mL	O
/	O
kg	O
and	O
without	O
arrhythmias	B-DISO
occurred	O
in	O
only	O
2	O
.	O
9	O
%	O
of	O
the	O
patients	O
at	O
the	O
time	O
of	O
fluid	O
challenge	O
episodes	O
.	O

Pearson	O
chi	B-CHED
-	O
square	O
test	O
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Identification	O
and	O
genetic	O
characterization	O
of	O
porcine	B-SPEC
hemagglutinating	O
encephalomyelitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
from	O
domestic	O
piglets	O
in	O
China	O
.	O

Coronavirus	B-SPEC
-	O
like	O
particles	O
were	O
observed	O
by	O
electron	O
microscopy	O
.	O

The	O
recombinant	O
virus	B-SPEC
showed	O
somewhat	O
-	O
reduced	O
pathogenicity	O
compared	O
to	O
the	O
parental	O
lentogenic	O
LaSota	O
strain	O
but	O
effectively	O
elicited	O
hemagglutination	B-PROC
inhibition	B-PROC
antibodies	B-COMP
against	O
NDV	B-SPEC
and	O
protected	O
chickens	B-SPEC
against	O
lethal	O
challenge	O
with	O
virulent	O
NDV	B-SPEC
/	O
CA02	O
.	O

Challenge	O
with	O
virulent	O
Ark	B-PRGE
was	O
performed	O
at	O
21	O
days	O
of	O
age	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Factors	O
responsible	O
for	O
the	O
persistence	O
of	O
Arkansas	O
Delmarva	O
Poultry	O
Industry	O
(	O
ArkDPI	O
)-	O
derived	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
vaccines	O
in	O
commercial	O
flocks	O
and	O
the	O
high	O
frequency	O
of	O
isolation	O
of	O
ArkDPI	O
-	O
type	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
viruses	B-SPEC
in	O
respiratory	O
cases	O
are	O
still	O
unclear	O
.	O

One	O
of	O
the	O
vaccines	O
(	O
coded	O
vaccine	O
B	O
)	O
produced	O
significantly	O
higher	O
vaccine	O
virus	B-SPEC
heterogeneity	O
in	O
vaccinated	O
chickens	B-SPEC
than	O
the	O
other	O
vaccine	O
(	O
coded	O
A	O
).	O

Paired	O
serum	B-COMP
samples	O
were	O
obtained	O
from	O
patients	O
with	O
Kawasaki	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
who	O
had	O
not	O
been	O
treated	O
with	O
γ	O
-	O
globulin	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
SARS	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
3a	O
protein	B-CHED
functions	O
as	O
an	O
ion	O
channel	O
,	O
induces	O
apoptosis	B-PATH
and	O
is	O
important	O
for	O
viral	B-DISO
pathogenesis	I-DISO
.	O

However	O
the	O
3a	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
with	O
mutations	O
within	O
the	O
EXD	O
di	O
-	O
acidic	O
motif	O
(	O
ΔEXD	O
)	O
showed	O
an	O
intracellular	B-COMP
distribution	O
similar	O
to	O
the	O
wild	O
type	O
protein	B-CHED
.	O

The	O
ΔYXXΦ	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
also	O
expressed	B-PROC
at	O
significantly	O
lower	O
levels	O
compared	O
to	O
the	O
wild	B-PRGE
type	I-PRGE
3a	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
,	O
which	O
was	O
reversed	O
with	O
Brefeldin	B-CHED
A	I-CHED
and	O
Aprotinin	B-PRGE
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
disease	O
in	O
children	O
.	O

Despite	O
the	O
global	O
distribution	O
of	O
IBV	B-SPEC
,	O
Finland	O
has	O
been	O
free	O
of	O
clinical	O
cases	O
for	O
almost	O
three	O
decades	O
.	O

The	O
increased	O
human	B-SPEC
cases	O
and	O
high	O
mortality	O
rate	O
of	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
infection	B-DISO
make	O
it	O
essential	O
to	O
develop	O
safe	O
and	O
effective	O
vaccines	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Coronavirus	B-SPEC
membrane	B-COMP
(	O
M	O
)	O
proteins	B-CHED
are	O
capable	O
of	O
interacting	O
with	O
nucleocapsid	B-PRGE
(	I-PRGE
N	I-PRGE
)	I-PRGE
and	I-PRGE
envelope	B-COMP
(	I-PRGE
E	I-PRGE
)	I-PRGE
proteins	B-CHED
.	O

Changing	O
all	O
three	O
E	O
cysteine	B-CHED
residues	O
to	O
alanines	O
did	O
not	O
exert	B-PROC
negative	O
effects	O
on	O
E	O
release	B-PATH
,	O
E	O
association	O
with	O
N	O
,	O
or	O
E	O
enhancement	O
of	O
VLP	B-COMP
production	O
,	O
suggesting	O
that	O
E	O
palmitoylation	B-PROC
modification	O
or	O
disulfide	B-CHED
bond	O
formation	B-PROC
is	O
not	O
required	O
for	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
virus	B-PROC
assembly	I-PROC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
is	O
a	O
common	O
,	O
devastating	O
complication	B-DISO
of	O
critical	B-DISO
illness	I-DISO
that	O
is	O
characterized	O
by	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
injury	O
and	O
inflammation	B-DISO
.	O

An	O
electronic	O
nose	B-ANAT
can	O
rapidly	O
and	O
non	O
-	O
invasively	O
discriminate	O
between	O
patients	O
with	O
and	O
without	O
ARDS	B-DISO
with	O
modest	O
accuracy	O
.	O

This	O
implicates	O
that	O
breath	B-ANAT
analysis	O
may	O
allow	O
for	O
rapid	O
,	O
bedside	O
detection	O
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
,	O
especially	O
if	O
our	O
findings	O
are	O
reproduced	O
using	O
continuous	O
exhaled	B-PROC
breath	B-ANAT
profiling	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
In	O
the	O
training	O
cohort	O
(	O
40	O
patients	O
with	O
ARDS	B-DISO
versus	O
66	O
controls	O
)	O
the	O
diagnostic	O
model	O
for	O
ARDS	B-DISO
showed	O
a	O
moderate	O
discrimination	O
,	O
with	O
an	O
area	O
under	O
the	O
receiver	O
-	O
operator	O
characteristic	O
curve	O
(	O
AUC	O
-	O
ROC	O
)	O
of	O
0	O
.	O
72	O
(	O
95	O
%-	O
confidence	O
interval	O
(	O
CI	O
):	O
0	O
.	O
63	O
-	O
0	O
.	O
82	O
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Is	O
abdomen	B-ANAT
release	B-PATH
really	O
necessary	O
for	O
prone	O
ventilation	O
in	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
?	O

This	O
study	O
aimed	O
to	O
retrospectively	O
investigate	O
the	O
clinical	O
status	O
and	O
outcomes	O
in	O
IPF	O
patients	O
receiving	O
NIV	O
for	O
ARF	B-DISO
and	O
to	O
identify	O
those	O
clinical	O
and	O
laboratory	O
characteristics	O
,	O
which	O
could	O
be	O
considered	O
risk	O
factors	O
for	O
its	O
failure	O
.	O

The	O
use	O
of	O
NIV	O
was	O
,	O
nevertheless	O
,	O
found	O
to	O
be	O
associated	O
with	O
clinical	O
benefits	O
in	O
selected	O
IPF	O
patients	O
,	O
preventing	O
the	O
need	O
for	O
intubation	O
and	O
reducing	O
the	O
rate	O
of	O
complications	O
/	O
death	B-PROC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Early	O
identification	O
of	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
and	O
forceful	O
implementation	O
of	O
standardized	O
therapy	O
algorithms	O
are	O
the	O
mandatory	O
basis	O
of	O
an	O
effective	O
therapy	O
to	O
improve	O
patient	O
outcome	O
.	O

Recently	O
,	O
a	O
new	O
definition	O
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
was	O
implemented	O
,	O
which	O
simplified	O
the	O
diagnostic	O
criteria	O
for	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

Thus	O
,	O
bats	B-SPEC
are	O
thought	O
to	O
be	O
natural	O
hosts	B-COMP
of	O
this	O
virus	B-SPEC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Bioinformatics	O
insight	O
into	O
the	O
spike	O
glycoprotein	B-CHED
gene	O
of	O
field	O
porcine	B-SPEC
epidemic	B-DISO
diarrhea	I-DISO
strains	O
during	O
2011	O
-	O
2013	O
in	O
Guangdong	O
,	O
China	O
.	O

This	O
explains	O
why	O
there	O
have	O
been	O
constant	O
but	O
infrequent	O
outbreaks	O
recently	O
in	O
comparison	O
to	O
late	O
2010	O
in	O
which	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
outbreaks	O
were	O
more	O
frequent	O
and	O
severe	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Identification	O
of	O
human	B-SPEC
neutralizing	O
antibodies	B-COMP
against	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
and	O
their	O
role	O
in	O
virus	B-SPEC
adaptive	O
evolution	O
.	O

Given	O
the	O
recent	O
detection	B-PROC
of	I-PROC
virus	I-PROC
in	O
dromedary	B-SPEC
camels	B-SPEC
,	O
zoonotic	O
transfer	O
of	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
to	O
humans	B-SPEC
is	O
suspected	O
.	O

We	O
anticipate	O
this	O
model	O
will	O
advance	O
our	O
understanding	O
of	O
HPS	B-DISO
pathogenesis	B-DISO
and	O
will	O
greatly	O
facilitate	O
research	O
toward	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
effective	O
therapeutics	O
and	O
vaccines	O
against	O
hantaviral	O
diseases	O
.	O

Mutagenesis	B-PROC
analysis	O
suggested	O
that	O
MERS	O
-	O
4	O
and	O
MERS	O
-	O
27	O
recognized	O
distinct	O
regions	O
in	O
RBD	O
.	O

IMPORTANCE	O
In	O
most	O
cases	O
of	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
(	O
MERS	B-DISO
),	O
the	O
route	O
for	O
human	B-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
with	O
the	O
causative	O
agent	O
,	O
MERS	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
),	O
is	O
unknown	O
.	O

After	O
serial	O
infections	B-DISO
,	O
mutant	B-DISO
viruses	B-SPEC
,	O
in	O
general	O
,	O
incorporated	O
compensatory	O
mutations	O
within	O
E	O
gene	O
that	O
rendered	O
active	O
ion	B-FUNC
channels	I-FUNC
.	O

In	O
contrast	O
,	O
mice	B-SPEC
infected	O
with	O
mutants	O
lacking	O
IC	O
activity	O
,	O
which	O
did	O
not	O
incorporate	O
mutations	O
within	O
E	B-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
during	O
the	O
experiment	O
,	O
recovered	O
from	O
disease	O
and	O
most	O
survived	O
.	O

Knocking	O
down	O
E	O
protein	B-CHED
IC	O
activity	O
did	O
not	O
significantly	O
affect	O
virus	B-SPEC
growth	B-PROC
in	O
infected	O
mice	B-SPEC
but	O
decreased	O
edema	B-DISO
accumulation	O
,	O
the	O
major	O
determinant	O
of	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
leading	O
to	O
death	B-PROC
.	O

Reduced	O
edema	B-DISO
correlated	O
with	O
lung	B-ANAT
epithelia	O
integrity	O
and	O
proper	O
localization	B-PROC
of	O
Na	B-PRGE
+/	I-PRGE
K	I-PRGE
+	I-PRGE
ATPase	I-PRGE
,	O
which	O
participates	O
in	O
edema	B-DISO
resolution	O
.	O

Importance	O
:	O
A	O
novel	O
human	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
,	O
the	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
),	O
was	O
found	O
to	O
infect	O
humans	B-SPEC
with	O
a	O
high	O
mortality	O
rate	O
in	O
2012	O
,	O
just	O
1	O
decade	O
after	O
the	O
appearance	O
of	O
the	O
first	O
highly	O
pathogenic	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
,	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
).	O

This	O
augmented	O
MHC	B-PROC
binding	B-FUNC
is	O
likely	O
to	O
increase	O
the	O
half	O
-	O
life	O
and	O
surface	O
density	O
of	O
the	O
heteroclitic	O
complex	O
,	O
but	O
precisely	O
how	O
this	O
enhanced	O
T	B-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
response	O
occurs	O
in	O
vivo	O
is	O
not	O
known	O
.	O

The	O
aim	O
of	O
this	O
study	O
was	O
to	O
compare	O
the	O
detection	O
rates	O
of	O
respiratory	O
viruses	B-SPEC
from	O
nasopharyngeal	B-ANAT
swabs	O
and	O
sputum	B-ANAT
using	O
a	O
multiplex	O
real	O
-	O
time	O
reverse	B-PROC
transcription	I-PROC
-	O
polymerase	O
chain	O
reaction	O
(	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
).	O

However	O
,	O
the	O
range	O
of	O
reagents	B-CHED
available	O
to	O
measure	O
the	O
ferret	B-SPEC
immune	B-PROC
response	I-PROC
is	O
very	O
limited	O
.	O

These	O
new	O
tools	O
will	O
allow	O
a	O
more	O
comprehensive	O
analysis	O
of	O
the	O
ferret	B-SPEC
immune	B-PROC
responses	I-PROC
following	O
infection	B-DISO
or	O
in	O
other	O
disease	O
states	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Acute	O
Respiratory	O
Infections	O
(	O
ARI	B-CHED
)	O
are	O
some	O
of	O
the	O
most	O
common	O
human	B-SPEC
diseases	O
worldwide	O
.	O

The	O
most	O
frequently	O
detected	O
pathogens	O
were	O
respiratory	B-SPEC
syncytial	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
768	O
/	O
2361	O
,	O
32	O
.	O
5	O
%),	O
influenza	B-SPEC
A	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
428	O
/	O
2361	O
,	O
18	O
.	O
1	O
%),	O
enterovirus	B-SPEC
(	O
138	O
/	O
2361	O
,	O
13	O
.	O
3	O
%),	O
Mycoplasma	B-SPEC
pneumoniae	I-SPEC
(	O
267	O
/	O
2361	O
,	O
11	O
.	O
3	O
%)	O
and	O
adenovirus	B-DISO
(	O
213	O
/	O
2361	O
,	O
9	O
.	O
0	O
%).	O

Therefore	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
a	O
promising	O
target	O
for	O
drug	O
development	B-PROC
.	O

Five	O
HIV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
1	I-SPEC
RHIs	B-SPEC
inhibited	O
PFV	B-CHED
RNase	B-FUNC
H	I-FUNC
activity	I-FUNC
at	O
low	O
-	O
micromolar	O
concentrations	O
similar	O
to	O
those	O
of	O
HIV	O
-	O
1	O
RNase	B-PRGE
H	I-PRGE
,	O
suggesting	O
pocket	O
similarity	O
of	O
the	O
RNase	B-PRGE
H	I-PRGE
domains	I-PRGE
.	O

We	O
decided	O
to	O
insert	O
a	O
T	O
-	O
tube	O
through	O
the	O
perforation	O
and	O
performed	O
intercostal	B-ANAT
muscle	I-ANAT
flap	B-ANAT
reinforcement	O
.	O

Oral	B-ANAT
intake	O
was	O
started	O
on	O
day	O
45	O
and	O
he	O
was	O
discharged	O
on	O
day	O
71	O
.	O

Our	O
study	O
focused	O
on	O
the	O
role	O
of	O
protease	B-PROC
activity	I-PROC
on	O
infection	B-DISO
by	O
investigating	O
the	O
spike	O
protein	B-CHED
of	O
a	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
isolate	O
(	O
wtPEDV	O
)	O
using	O
a	O
reverse	O
genetics	O
system	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
trypsin	B-PRGE
-	O
independent	O
cell	B-COMP
culture	O
-	O
adapted	O
strain	O
DR13	O
(	O
caPEDV	O
).	O

CBF	B-PRGE
velocity	O
of	O
middle	B-ANAT
cerebral	I-ANAT
artery	I-ANAT
(	O
MCA	B-CHED
)	O
was	O
measured	O
using	O
transcranial	O
Doppler	O
(	O
TCD	B-DISO
),	O
and	O
breath	B-ANAT
-	O
holding	O
index	O
(	O
BHI	O
)	O
was	O
also	O
calculated	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Prognostic	O
significance	O
of	O
early	O
lactate	B-CHED
clearance	O
rate	O
for	O
severe	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
patients	O
on	O
extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenation	B-PROC
].	O

Patients	O
were	O
divided	O
into	O
the	O
survival	O
group	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
24	O
)	O
and	O
the	O
death	B-PROC
group	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
19	O
)	O
.	O

Early	O
lactate	B-CHED
clearance	O
rate	O
could	O
be	O
used	O
as	O
an	O
important	O
variable	O
for	O
evaluating	O
the	O
prognosis	O
of	O
severe	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
patients	O
on	O
ECMO	O
.	O

Better	O
characterization	O
of	O
patients	O
who	O
aspirate	B-ANAT
may	O
allow	O
identification	O
of	O
potential	O
risks	O
for	O
aspiration	B-DISO
that	O
could	O
be	O
used	O
in	O
future	O
studies	O
to	O
mitigate	O
the	O
occurrence	O
of	O
aspiration	B-DISO
and	O
its	O
devastating	O
complications	O
.	O

Aspiration	B-DISO
subjects	O
were	O
sicker	O
(	O
higher	O
APACHE	O
[	O
Acute	O
Physiology	O
and	O
Chronic	O
Health	O
Evaluation	O
]	O
II	O
score	O
),	O
required	O
more	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
(	O
54	O
%	O
vs	O
32	O
%,	O
P	O
<	O
.	O
0001	O
),	O
developed	O
more	O
moderate	O
to	O
severe	O
ARDS	B-DISO
(	O
12	O
%	O
vs	O
3	O
.	O
8	O
%,	O
P	O
<	O
.	O
0001	O
),	O
and	O
were	O
twofold	O
more	O
likely	O
to	O
die	O
in	O
-	O
hospital	O
,	O
even	O
after	O
adjustment	O
for	O
severity	O
of	O
illness	O
(	O
OR	O
=	O
2	O
.	O
1	O
;	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
,	O
1	O
.	O
2	O
-	O
3	O
.	O
6	O
).	O

Findings	O
from	O
this	O
study	O
may	O
facilitate	O
the	O
design	O
of	O
future	O
clinical	O
studies	O
of	O
aspiration	B-DISO
-	O
induced	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
.	O

Neither	O
obesity	B-DISO
nor	O
gastroesophageal	B-DISO
reflux	I-DISO
was	O
associated	O
with	O
aspiration	B-DISO
.	O

Our	O
study	O
showed	O
that	O
QTc	O
is	O
a	O
potential	O
predictor	O
for	O
adverse	O
outcomes	O
related	O
to	O
acute	O
methadone	B-CHED
intoxication	O
.	O

Risk	O
factors	O
for	O
pneumothorax	B-DISO
included	O
:	O
a	O
)	O
for	O
the	O
overall	O
lpopulation	O
-	O
Score	O
for	O
Neonatal	O
Acute	O
Physiology	O
,	O
version	O
II	O
>	O
20	O
,	O
surfactant	B-CHED
use	O
,	O
and	O
respiratory	B-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
;	O
b	O
)	O
for	O
early	O
preterm	O
infants	O
-	O
chorioamnionitis	B-DISO
;	O
c	O
)	O
for	O
moderate	O
-	O
late	O
preterm	O
infants	O
-	O
higher	O
birth	B-PROC
weight	O
,	O
male	O
sex	O
,	O
rupture	O
of	O
membranes	B-ANAT
>	O
24	O
hours	O
,	O
and	O
outborn	O
status	O
;	O
and	O
d	O
)	O
for	O
term	O
infants	O
-	O
male	O
sex	O
,	O
outborn	O
status	O
,	O
and	O
meconium	B-DISO
aspiration	I-DISO
in	O
term	O
neonates	O
.	O

In	O
early	O
preterm	O
neonates	O
,	O
pneumothorax	B-DISO
was	O
associated	O
with	O
mortality	O
,	O
bronchopulmonary	B-DISO
dysplasia	I-DISO
,	O
severe	O
intraventricular	B-DISO
hemorrhage	I-DISO
,	O
and	O
prolonged	O
NICU	O
stay	O
.	O

Vergadi	O
et	O
al	O
.	O
are	O
the	O
first	O
to	O
demonstrate	O
that	O
depletion	O
of	O
Akt2	B-PRGE
kinase	I-PRGE
and	O
microRNA	O
-	O
146a	O
induction	O
in	O
mice	B-SPEC
resulted	O
in	O
polarization	O
of	O
alveolar	B-ANAT
macrophages	I-ANAT
towards	O
an	O
M2	O
activation	O
phenotype	O
and	O
resulted	O
in	O
less	O
severe	O
injury	O
following	O
acid	O
-	O
induced	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
.	O

and	O
L	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
intracellularis	I-SPEC
was	O
detected	O
in	O
12	O
turkey	B-SPEC
flocks	O
.	O

These	O
results	O
throw	O
new	O
light	O
on	O
the	O
multiple	O
etiology	O
of	O
enteritis	B-DISO
in	O
turkeys	B-SPEC
.	O

He	O
died	B-PROC
in	O
several	O
days	O
because	O
of	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

We	O
prospectively	O
included	O
76	O
consecutive	O
patients	O
with	O
BMI	O
>	O
40	O
kg	O
/	O
m2	O
diagnosed	O
with	O
OHS	B-DISO
and	O
treated	O
by	O
NIV	O
for	O
ARF	B-DISO
in	O
a	O
15	O
-	O
bed	B-DISO
ICU	O
of	O
a	O
tertiary	O
hospital	O
.	O

Factors	O
associated	O
with	O
NIV	O
failure	O
included	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
(	O
n	O
=	O
12	O
/	O
13	O
,	O
92	O
%	O
vs	O
n	O
=	O
9	O
/	O
63	O
,	O
14	O
%;	O
p	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
0001	O
),	O
high	O
SOFA	O
(	O
10	O
vs	O
5	O
;	O
p	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
0001	O
)	O
and	O
SAPS2	O
score	O
(	O
63	O
vs	O
39	O
;	O
p	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
0001	O
)	O
at	O
admission	O
.	O

In	O
the	O
NIV	O
success	O
group	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
63	O
),	O
33	O
patients	O
(	O
53	O
%)	O
experienced	O
a	O
delayed	O
response	O
to	O
NIV	O
(	O
with	O
persistent	O
hypercapnic	B-DISO
acidosis	I-DISO
during	O
the	O
first	O
6	O
hours	O
).	O

Multiple	B-DISO
organ	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
and	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
were	O
the	O
main	O
factors	O
associated	O
with	O
NIV	O
failure	O
and	O
death	B-PROC
in	O
morbidly	O
obese	B-DISO
patients	O
in	O
hypoxemic	O
ARF	B-DISO
.	O

Of	O
the	O
33	O
samples	O
from	O
healthy	O
children	O
,	O
at	O
least	O
one	O
virus	B-SPEC
was	O
detected	O
in	O
21	O
(	O
63	O
.	O
6	O
%)	O
and	O
viral	O
co	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
infections	I-DISO
were	O
detected	O
in	O
seven	O
(	O
21	O
.	O
2	O
%)	O
samples	O
.	O

Our	O
study	O
aimed	O
to	O
determine	O
the	O
point	O
prevalence	O
of	O
viruses	B-SPEC
associated	O
with	O
exacerbations	O
and	O
evaluate	O
clinical	O
and	O
investigational	O
differences	O
between	O
virus	B-SPEC
-	O
positive	O
and	O
-	O
negative	O
exacerbations	O
in	O
children	O
with	O
bronchiectasis	B-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Since	O
mid	O
-	O
March	O
2014	O
,	O
the	O
frequency	O
with	O
which	O
cases	O
of	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
infection	B-DISO
have	O
been	O
reported	O
has	O
increased	O
,	O
with	O
the	O
majority	O
of	O
recent	O
cases	O
reported	O
from	O
Saudi	O
Arabia	O
and	O
United	O
Arab	O
Emirates	O
(	O
UAE	O
).	O

Here	O
,	O
we	O
analyzed	O
the	O
role	O
of	O
the	O
nuclear	B-PROC
import	I-PROC
factor	O
importin	O
-	O
α7	O
in	O
H1N1	B-DISO
influenza	I-DISO
virus	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
tropism	B-PROC
by	O
using	O
various	O
ex	O
vivo	O
imaging	O
techniques	O
(	O
magnetic	O
resonance	O
imaging	O
,	O
confocal	O
laser	B-SPEC
scanning	O
microscopy	O
,	O
and	O
correlative	O
light	O
-	O
electron	O
microscopy	O
).	O

The	O
ability	O
of	O
macrophages	B-ANAT
to	O
support	O
or	O
clear	O
the	O
virus	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
the	O
host	B-COMP
cellular	B-PROC
immune	I-PROC
responses	I-PROC
,	O
did	O
not	O
significantly	O
differ	O
between	O
WT	O
and	O
α7	O
(-/-)	O
mice	B-SPEC
.	O

However	O
,	O
cytokine	O
and	O
chemokine	O
responses	O
were	O
generally	O
elevated	O
in	O
WT	O
mice	B-SPEC
,	O
likely	O
reflective	O
of	O
increased	O
viral	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
in	O
the	O
lung	B-ANAT
.	O

Using	O
complementary	O
ex	O
vivo	O
imaging	O
approaches	O
,	O
we	O
show	O
that	O
influenza	B-SPEC
virus	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
is	O
restricted	O
to	O
the	O
bronchial	B-ANAT
epithelium	I-ANAT
,	O
followed	O
by	O
enhanced	O
survival	O
in	O
importin	O
-	O
α7	O
-	O
deficient	O
mice	B-SPEC
.	O

Hospital	O
outcome	O
was	O
defined	O
as	O
death	B-PROC
or	O
hospital	O
discharge	B-ANAT
.	O

Like	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
),	O
MERS	O
is	O
caused	O
by	O
a	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Laboratory	O
-	O
confirmed	O
case	O
of	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
infection	B-DISO
in	O
Malaysia	O
:	O
preparedness	O
and	O
response	O
,	O
April	O
2014	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Rapidly	O
Progressing	O
Severe	O
Cutaneous	O
Adverse	O
Reaction	O
With	O
Acute	O
Kidney	B-ANAT
Injury	O
After	O
Drug	O
Exposure	O
:	O
An	O
Uncommon	O
Presentation	O
.	O

The	O
bioassay	O
results	O
showed	O
that	O
most	O
of	O
the	O
synthesized	O
compounds	O
(	O
such	O
as	O
4a	O
,	O
6a	O
,	O
7a	O
,	O
11a	O
,	O
14a	O
,	O
6b	O
,	O
and	O
14b	O
)	O
exhibited	O
good	O
to	O
excellent	O
antiviral	B-CHED
activity	O
against	O
TMV	B-SPEC
both	O
in	O
vitro	O
and	O
in	O
vivo	O
.	O

We	O
analyzed	O
samples	O
from	O
112	O
patients	O
infected	O
with	O
the	O
recently	O
discovered	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
).	O

Tracheal	O
aspirates	B-ANAT
yielded	O
significantly	O
higher	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
loads	O
,	O
compared	O
with	O
nasopharyngeal	B-ANAT
swab	I-ANAT
specimens	O
(	O
P	O
=	O
.	O
005	O
)	O
and	O
sputum	B-ANAT
specimens	O
(	O
P	O
=	O
.	O
0001	O
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Evaluation	O
of	O
SSYA10	O
-	O
001	O
as	O
a	O
replication	O
inhibitor	B-CHED
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
,	O
mouse	B-SPEC
hepatitis	I-DISO
,	O
and	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
coronaviruses	O
.	O

A	O
putative	O
binding	B-FUNC
pocket	O
for	O
SSYA10	O
-	O
001	O
was	O
identified	O
and	O
shown	O
to	O
be	O
similar	O
in	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
,	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
,	O
and	O
MHV	B-PRGE
helicases	I-PRGE
.	O

These	O
studies	O
show	O
that	O
it	O
is	O
possible	O
to	O
target	O
multiple	O
coronaviruses	O
through	O
broad	O
-	O
spectrum	O
inhibitors	B-CHED
.	O

The	O
2003	O
outbreak	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
first	O
demonstrated	O
the	O
potentially	O
lethal	O
consequences	O
of	O
zoonotic	O
coronavirus	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
in	O
humans	B-SPEC
.	O

The	O
compounds	O
belong	O
to	O
13	O
different	O
classes	O
of	O
pharmaceuticals	B-CHED
,	O
including	O
inhibitors	B-CHED
of	O
estrogen	B-CHED
receptors	O
used	O
for	O
cancer	B-DISO
treatment	O
and	O
inhibitors	B-CHED
of	O
dopamine	B-PRGE
receptor	I-PRGE
used	O
as	O
antipsychotics	B-CHED
.	O

Although	O
poorly	O
understood	O
,	O
it	O
has	O
long	O
been	O
recognized	O
that	O
host	B-COMP
regulation	B-PROC
of	O
virus	B-SPEC
-	O
associated	O
disease	O
severity	O
is	O
multigenic	O
.	O

The	O
advent	O
of	O
systems	O
genetic	O
and	O
biology	O
resources	O
provides	O
new	O
opportunities	O
for	O
deconvoluting	O
the	O
complex	O
genetic	O
interactions	O
and	O
expression	O
networks	O
that	O
regulate	O
pathogenic	O
or	O
protective	O
host	B-PROC
response	I-PROC
patterns	O
following	O
virus	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Neural	O
precursor	O
cells	B-COMP
(	O
NPCs	O
)	O
offer	O
a	O
promising	O
approach	O
for	O
treating	O
demyelinating	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
.	O

Our	O
findings	O
reveal	O
focal	O
axonal	O
degeneration	B-DISO
that	O
occurs	O
in	O
the	O
ventral	O
side	O
of	O
the	O
spinal	B-ANAT
cord	I-ANAT
within	O
1	O
wk	O
following	O
intracranial	B-ANAT
instillation	O
with	O
the	O
neurotropic	O
JHM	O
strain	O
of	O
mouse	B-DISO
hepatitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
JHMV	O
).	O

NPCs	O
engrafted	O
into	O
spinal	O
cords	O
of	O
JHMV	O
-	O
infected	O
mice	B-SPEC
exhibited	O
diminished	O
migration	B-PROC
velocities	O
and	O
increased	O
proliferation	B-DISO
compared	O
with	O
transplanted	B-ANAT
cells	B-COMP
in	O
noninfected	O
mice	B-SPEC
.	O

The	O
majority	O
of	O
studies	O
carried	O
out	O
in	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
-	O
infected	O
humans	B-SPEC
and	O
animals	B-SPEC
attribute	O
a	O
dysregulated	O
/	O
exuberant	O
innate	O
response	O
as	O
a	O
leading	O
contributor	O
to	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
-	O
mediated	O
pathology	B-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
broad	O
range	O
and	O
diversity	O
of	O
interferon	B-PRGE
-	O
stimulated	O
genes	O
(	O
ISGs	O
)	O
function	O
to	O
induce	O
an	O
antiviral	B-CHED
state	O
within	O
the	O
host	B-COMP
,	O
impeding	O
viral	B-DISO
pathogenesis	I-DISO
.	O

The	O
patient	O
developed	O
posttraumatic	O
systemic	B-DISO
inflammatory	I-DISO
response	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
,	O
which	O
began	O
to	O
resolve	O
after	O
72	O
hours	O
,	O
and	O
he	O
started	O
breathing	B-PROC
spontaneously	O
.	O

After	O
7	O
days	O
,	O
he	O
was	O
weaned	B-PROC
from	O
vv	O
-	O
ECMO	O
and	O
recovered	O
in	O
a	O
rehabilitation	O
facility	O
.	O

Additionally	O
,	O
microarray	O
analysis	O
showed	O
that	O
genes	O
associated	O
with	O
chemotaxis	B-PROC
,	O
eosinophil	B-PROC
migration	B-PROC
,	O
eosinophilia	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
cell	B-PROC
movement	I-PROC
and	O
the	O
polarization	O
of	O
Th2	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
were	O
upregulated	O
in	O
UV	O
-	O
V	O
-	O
immunized	O
but	O
not	O
in	O
UV	O
-	O
V	O
+	O
TLR	O
-	O
immunized	O
mice	B-SPEC
.	O

These	O
findings	O
suggest	O
that	O
vaccine	O
-	O
induced	O
eosinophil	B-ANAT
immunopathology	B-DISO
in	O
the	O
lungs	B-ANAT
upon	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
CoV	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
could	O
be	O
avoided	O
by	O
the	O
TLR	O
agonist	B-CHED
adjuvants	B-CHED
.	O

Inactivated	O
whole	O
severe	B-SPEC
acute	I-SPEC
respiratory	I-SPEC
syndrome	I-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
related	I-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
vaccines	O
induce	O
neutralizing	O
antibodies	B-COMP
in	O
mouse	B-SPEC
models	O
;	O
however	O
,	O
they	O
also	O
cause	O
increased	O
eosinophilic	O
immunopathology	B-DISO
in	O
the	O
lungs	B-ANAT
upon	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
challenge	O
.	O

Compounds	O
were	O
assayed	O
on	O
these	O
enzyme	O
activities	O
,	O
which	O
highlighted	O
dual	O
inhibition	B-PROC
properties	O
in	O
the	O
low	O
-	O
micromolar	O
range	O
.	O

Since	O
PLUS	O
is	O
readily	O
available	O
,	O
easily	O
affordable	O
,	O
and	O
biologically	O
non	O
-	O
invasive	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
especially	O
suitable	O
for	O
bedside	O
clinical	O
care	O
in	O
critically	B-DISO
ill	I-DISO
and	O
unstable	O
adult	O
patients	O
.	O

After	O
surgery	O
,	O
he	O
developed	O
a	O
severe	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
and	O
extra	O
-	O
corporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenation	B-PROC
(	O
ECMO	O
)	O
treatment	O
was	O
started	O
.	O

PLUS	O
was	O
performed	O
daily	O
to	O
monitor	O
the	O
disease	O
'	O
s	O
progression	O
and	O
response	O
to	O
treatment	O
during	O
lung	B-ANAT
rest	B-FUNC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
recent	O
emergence	O
of	O
zoonotic	O
diseases	O
such	O
as	O
Highly	O
Pathogenic	O
Avian	B-DISO
Influenza	I-DISO
(	O
HPAI	B-FUNC
)	O
and	O
Severe	B-DISO
Acute	I-DISO
Respiratory	I-DISO
Syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
have	O
contributed	O
to	O
dominant	O
Global	O
Health	O
narratives	O
around	O
health	O
securitisation	O
and	O
pandemic	O
preparedness	O
,	O
calling	O
for	O
greater	O
co	O
-	O
operation	O
between	O
the	O
health	O
,	O
veterinary	O
and	O
environmental	O
sectors	O
in	O
the	O
ever	O
-	O
evolving	O
One	O
Health	O
movement	B-PROC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
The	O
3	O
'-	O
terminal	O
55	O
nucleotides	B-CHED
of	O
bovine	B-SPEC
coronavirus	B-SPEC
defective	O
interfering	O
RNA	O
harbor	O
cis	B-DISO
-	O
acting	O
elements	O
required	O
for	O
both	O
negative	O
-	O
and	O
positive	O
-	O
strand	O
RNA	O
synthesis	O
.	O

Here	O
,	O
we	O
employed	O
a	O
method	O
of	O
head	B-ANAT
-	O
to	O
-	O
tail	O
ligation	O
and	O
real	O
-	O
time	O
quantitative	O
reverse	B-PROC
transcription	I-PROC
polymerase	O
chain	O
reaction	O
(	O
qRT	O
-	O
PCR	O
)	O
to	O
detect	O
and	O
quantitate	O
the	O
synthesis	B-PROC
of	O
bovine	B-SPEC
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
BCoV	O
)	O
defective	O
interfering	O
(	O
DI	O
)	O
RNA	O
(-)	O
strands	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Respiratory	B-DISO
tract	I-DISO
infections	I-DISO
are	O
a	O
major	O
cause	O
of	O
outpatient	O
visits	O
,	O
yet	O
only	O
a	O
portion	O
is	O
tested	O
to	O
determine	O
the	O
etiologic	O
organism	O
.	O

No	O
virus	B-SPEC
was	O
identified	O
in	O
267	O
(	O
40	O
.	O
3	O
%)	O
samples	O
.	O

In	O
regression	O
analyses	O
,	O
compared	O
with	O
non	O
-	O
viral	O
illnesses	O
,	O
RSV	B-SPEC
and	O
hMPV	B-SPEC
were	O
significantly	O
more	O
frequent	O
in	O
children	O
and	O
less	O
frequent	O
in	O
18	O
-	O
to	O
49	O
-	O
year	O
-	O
olds	O
than	O
in	O
those	O
≥	O
50	O
years	O
(	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
01	O
),	O
fever	B-PROC
was	O
more	O
common	O
in	O
hMPV	B-SPEC
and	O
influenza	B-DISO
infections	B-DISO
(	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
008	O
),	O
nasal	B-DISO
congestion	I-DISO
was	O
more	O
frequent	O
in	O
CoV	O
,	O
HRV	O
,	O
hMPV	B-SPEC
,	O
influenza	B-DISO
and	O
RSV	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
(	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
001	O
),	O
and	O
body	B-ANAT
mass	O
index	O
was	O
higher	O
among	O
those	O
with	O
influenza	B-DISO
(	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
036	O
).	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Since	O
about	O
a	O
year	O
,	O
a	O
new	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
pathology	I-DISO
occurred	O
in	O
Saudi	O
Arabia	O
and	O
some	O
cases	O
are	O
imported	O
in	O
Europa	O
.	O

Rhinovirus	B-SPEC
C	O
and	O
human	B-PRGE
bocavirus	I-PRGE
type	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
have	O
been	O
commonly	O
detected	O
in	O
infants	O
and	O
young	O
children	O
with	O
respiratory	B-DISO
tract	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
and	O
studies	O
have	O
shown	O
a	O
positive	O
correlation	O
between	O
respiratory	O
illness	O
and	O
high	O
viral	O
loads	O
,	O
mono	B-DISO
-	O
infection	B-DISO
,	O
viremia	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
/	O
or	O
serologically	O
-	O
confirmed	O
primary	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Effects	O
of	O
level	O
of	O
social	O
contact	O
on	O
dairy	O
calf	B-ANAT
behavior	O
and	O
health	O
.	O

No	O
effect	O
of	O
treatment	O
was	O
found	O
for	O
clinical	O
scores	O
,	O
levels	O
of	O
the	O
5	O
most	O
common	O
pathogens	O
in	O
feces	B-ANAT
,	O
or	O
in	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
serum	B-COMP
antibodies	B-COMP
against	O
the	O
3	O
most	O
common	O
respiratory	O
pathogens	O
.	O

Mild	O
and	O
moderate	O
cases	O
can	O
be	O
efficiently	O
treated	O
by	O
NIV	O
,	O
but	O
this	O
is	O
contra	O
-	O
indicated	O
with	O
severe	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

Therefore	O
,	O
we	O
developed	O
a	O
cost	O
-	O
effective	O
and	O
compact	O
(	O
2	O
.	O
9	O
×	O
5	O
.	O
8	O
×	O
2	O
.	O
0	O
cm	O
)	O
thermopile	O
array	O
for	O
fever	B-PROC
screening	O
of	O
patients	O
with	O
infectious	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
in	O
the	O
clinical	O
setting	O
.	O

The	O
maximum	O
facial	B-ANAT
temperature	O
,	O
measured	O
by	O
the	O
array	O
at	O
0	O
.	O
3	O
m	O
from	O
the	O
subject	O
,	O
exhibited	O
a	O
positive	O
correlation	O
with	O
axillary	B-ANAT
temperature	O
measured	O
using	O
a	O
contact	O
-	O
type	O
thermometer	O
(	O
r	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
71	O
,	O
p	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
01	O
).	O

The	O
sensitivity	O
and	O
specificity	O
of	O
the	O
thermopile	O
array	O
in	O
identifying	O
the	O
febrile	B-PROC
subjects	O
were	O
80	O
.	O
5	O
%	O
and	O
93	O
.	O
3	O
%,	O
respectively	O
,	O
setting	O
the	O
threshold	O
cut	O
-	O
off	O
of	O
maximum	O
facial	B-ANAT
temperature	O
at	O
an	O
appropriate	O
value	O
.	O

The	O
emergence	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
),	O
highly	O
pathogenic	O
avian	B-DISO
influenza	I-DISO
(	O
HPAI	B-FUNC
)	O
H5N1	B-DISO
,	O
avian	B-DISO
influenza	I-DISO
H7N9	O
,	O
and	O
severe	O
fever	B-PROC
with	O
thrombocytopenia	O
syndrome	B-DISO
(	O
SFTS	O
),	O
and	O
the	O
re	O
-	O
emergence	O
of	O
rabies	B-DISO
,	O
brucellosis	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
other	O
zoonoses	B-DISO
have	O
had	O
a	O
significant	O
effect	O
on	O
the	O
national	O
economy	O
and	O
public	O
health	O
in	O
China	O
,	O
and	O
have	O
affected	O
other	O
countries	O
.	O

α	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
Fodrin	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
was	O
used	O
for	O
further	O
analysis	O
and	O
western	O
blot	O
reactivity	O
was	O
seen	O
only	O
in	O
sera	B-COMP
from	O
virus	B-SPEC
infected	O
BALB	O
/	O
c	O
mice	B-SPEC
.	O

These	O
studies	O
clearly	O
identified	O
both	O
antibody	B-COMP
and	O
CD4	B-PRGE
T	I-PRGE
cell	O
reactivities	O
to	O
α	O
-	O
fodrin	O
in	O
sera	B-COMP
from	O
virus	B-SPEC
infected	O
,	O
retinal	B-CHED
degenerative	B-DISO
susceptible	O
BALB	O
/	O
c	O
mice	B-SPEC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
We	O
report	O
group	B-DISO
B	I-DISO
Betacoronavirus	B-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
in	O
little	B-SPEC
Japanese	I-SPEC
horseshoe	I-SPEC
bats	I-SPEC
in	O
Iwate	O
prefecture	O
.	O

Pathogenic	O
trait	O
of	O
these	O
bat	B-ENZY
coronaviruses	O
remained	O
unexplored	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Various	O
infections	B-DISO
in	O
the	O
central	B-ANAT
nervous	I-ANAT
system	I-ANAT
(	O
CNS	B-CHED
)	O
trigger	O
B	B-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
accumulation	O
;	O
however	O
,	O
the	O
relative	O
dynamics	O
between	O
viral	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
and	O
alterations	O
in	O
distinct	O
B	B-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
subsets	O
are	O
largely	O
unknown	O
.	O

Using	O
a	O
glia	B-SPEC
-	O
tropic	O
coronavirus	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
,	O
which	O
is	O
initiated	O
in	O
the	O
brain	B-ANAT
but	O
rapidly	O
spreads	O
to	O
and	O
predominantly	O
persists	O
in	O
the	O
spinal	B-ANAT
cord	I-ANAT
,	O
this	O
study	O
characterizes	O
longitudinal	O
changes	O
in	O
B	B-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
subsets	O
at	O
both	O
infected	O
anatomical	B-ANAT
sites	I-ANAT
.	O

Moreover	O
,	O
CNS	B-CHED
viral	O
persistence	O
is	O
a	O
driving	O
force	O
promoting	O
differentiated	B-PROC
B	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
with	O
protective	O
potential	O
.	O

A	O
detailed	O
analysis	O
revealed	O
that	O
the	O
PEDV	B-PRGE
N	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
targets	O
TBK1	B-FUNC
by	O
direct	O
interaction	O
and	O
that	O
this	O
binding	B-FUNC
sequesters	O
the	O
association	O
between	O
TBK1	B-FUNC
and	O
IRF3	B-PRGE
,	O
which	O
in	O
turn	O
inhibits	O
both	O
IRF3	B-PRGE
activation	O
and	O
type	B-PROC
I	I-PROC
IFN	I-PROC
production	I-PROC
.	O

Together	O
,	O
our	O
findings	O
demonstrate	O
a	O
new	O
mechanism	O
evolved	O
by	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
to	O
circumvent	O
the	O
host	B-COMP
'	O
s	O
antiviral	B-CHED
immunity	B-PROC
.	O

This	O
adds	O
another	O
layer	B-ANAT
of	O
complexity	O
to	O
the	O
immune	B-PROC
evasion	I-PROC
strategies	O
evolved	O
by	O
this	O
economically	O
important	O
viral	O
pathogen	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Targeting	B-PROC
membrane	B-COMP
-	O
bound	O
viral	O
RNA	B-PROC
synthesis	I-PROC
reveals	O
potent	O
inhibition	B-PROC
of	O
diverse	O
coronaviruses	O
including	O
the	O
middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
virus	B-SPEC
.	O

Collectively	O
,	O
this	O
study	O
proposes	O
an	O
evolutionary	O
conserved	O
step	O
in	O
the	O
life	O
cycle	O
of	O
positive	O
-	O
stranded	O
RNA	O
viruses	B-SPEC
,	O
the	O
recruitment	B-DISO
of	O
cellular	B-COMP
membranes	B-ANAT
for	O
viral	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
,	O
as	O
vulnerable	O
and	O
,	O
most	O
importantly	O
,	O
druggable	O
target	O
for	O
antiviral	B-CHED
intervention	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
The	O
first	O
reported	O
case	O
of	O
ureteral	O
perforation	O
in	O
a	O
patient	O
with	O
severe	O
toxic	B-DISO
epidermal	B-ANAT
necrolysis	I-DISO
syndrome	O
.	O

There	O
have	O
been	O
descriptions	O
of	O
gastrointestinal	O
,	O
respiratory	O
,	O
vaginal	O
,	O
and	O
ocular	B-PROC
mucosal	B-ANAT
involvement	O
,	O
including	O
cases	O
of	O
corneal	O
and	O
colonic	B-ANAT
perforation	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Prone	O
positioning	O
has	O
been	O
used	O
for	O
many	O
years	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
acute	O
lung	O
injury	O
(	O
ALI	O
)/	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
),	O
with	O
no	O
clear	O
benefit	O
for	O
patient	O
outcome	O
.	O

Meta	B-SPEC
-	O
analyses	O
have	O
suggested	O
better	O
survival	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
an	O
arterial	B-ANAT
oxygen	B-PROC
tension	B-DISO
(	O
PaO2	O
)/	O
inspiratory	B-PROC
oxygen	B-CHED
fraction	O
(	O
FIO2	O
)	O
ratio	O
<	O
100	O
mmHg	O
.	O

The	O
aims	O
of	O
this	O
article	O
are	O
to	O
discuss	O
:	O
the	O
rationale	O
of	O
prone	O
positioning	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
ALI	O
/	O
ARDS	O
;	O
the	O
evidence	O
of	O
its	O
use	O
based	O
on	O
trial	O
analysis	O
;	O
and	O
the	O
limitations	O
of	O
its	O
use	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
the	O
current	O
place	O
of	O
prone	O
positioning	O
in	O
the	O
management	O
of	O
patients	O
with	O
ALI	O
/	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

Whereas	O
resolution	O
of	O
alveolar	B-DISO
edema	I-DISO
in	O
cardiogenic	B-DISO
pulmonary	I-DISO
edema	I-DISO
can	O
be	O
rapid	O
,	O
the	O
rate	O
of	O
edema	B-DISO
resolution	O
in	O
most	O
patients	O
with	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
is	O
markedly	O
impaired	B-DISO
,	O
a	O
finding	O
that	O
correlates	O
with	O
higher	O
mortality	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Tribulus	O
terrestris	O
fruits	O
are	O
well	O
known	O
for	O
their	O
usage	O
in	O
pharmaceutical	B-CHED
preparations	O
and	O
food	O
supplements	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Activin	B-PROC
A	O
and	O
its	O
binding	B-FUNC
protein	B-CHED
follistatin	B-PRGE
(	O
FS	O
)	O
are	O
increased	O
in	O
inflammatory	O
disorders	O
and	O
sepsis	B-DISO
.	O

Our	O
aim	O
was	O
to	O
evaluate	O
the	O
levels	O
of	O
activin	B-PRGE
A	I-PRGE
,	O
activin	B-PRGE
B	I-PRGE
,	O
FS	O
,	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
6	I-FUNC
and	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
10	I-FUNC
and	O
their	O
association	O
with	O
the	O
severity	O
of	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
in	O
critically	B-DISO
ill	I-DISO
H1N1	O
patients	O
.	O

No	O
difference	O
in	O
baseline	O
or	O
highest	O
activin	B-PRGE
A	I-PRGE
or	O
activin	B-PRGE
B	I-PRGE
was	O
found	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
or	O
without	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
(	O
ALI	O
)	O
or	O
ARDS	B-DISO
(	O
P	O
>	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
for	O
all	O
).	O

We	O
have	O
previously	O
reported	O
that	O
antibodies	B-COMP
elicited	O
by	O
a	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
vaccine	O
candidate	O
based	O
on	O
recombinant	O
,	O
full	O
-	O
length	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
Spike	O
-	O
protein	B-CHED
trimers	O
,	O
trigger	O
infection	B-DISO
of	O
immune	O
cell	B-ANAT
lines	I-ANAT
.	O

Macrophages	B-ANAT
infected	O
with	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
,	O
however	O
,	O
did	O
not	O
support	O
productive	O
replication	O
of	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
.	O

Purified	O
anti	O
-	O
viral	O
IgGs	O
,	O
but	O
not	O
other	O
soluble	O
factor	O
(	O
s	O
)	O
from	O
heat	O
-	O
inactivated	O
mouse	B-SPEC
immune	O
serum	B-COMP
,	O
were	O
sufficient	O
to	O
enhance	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

These	O
results	O
demonstrate	O
that	O
human	B-SPEC
macrophages	B-ANAT
can	O
be	O
infected	O
by	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
as	O
a	O
result	O
of	O
IgG	B-PRGE
-	O
mediated	O
ADE	B-CHED
and	O
indicate	O
that	O
this	O
infection	B-DISO
route	O
requires	O
signaling	B-PROC
pathways	B-PROC
activated	O
downstream	O
of	O
binding	B-FUNC
to	O
FcγRII	O
receptors	O
.	O

Furthermore	O
,	O
only	O
FcγRII	O
with	O
intact	O
cytoplasmic	B-COMP
signaling	B-PROC
domains	O
were	O
competent	O
to	O
sustain	O
ADE	B-CHED
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoVpp	O
infection	B-DISO
,	O
thus	O
providing	O
additional	O
information	O
on	O
the	O
role	O
of	O
downstream	O
signaling	B-PROC
by	O
FcγRII	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Feline	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
peritonitis	I-DISO
(	O
FIP	B-DISO
)	O
is	O
an	O
immune	O
-	O
mediated	O
,	O
highly	O
lethal	O
disease	O
caused	O
by	O
feline	B-SPEC
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
FCoV	O
)	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

Since	O
cellular	B-PROC
immunity	I-PROC
is	O
thought	O
to	O
be	O
critical	O
in	O
preventing	O
FIP	B-DISO
and	O
because	O
diseased	O
cats	B-SPEC
often	O
show	O
a	O
significant	O
decrease	O
in	O
interferon	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
γ	I-PRGE
(	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
γ	I-PRGE
)	O
production	O
,	O
we	O
investigated	O
whether	O
single	O
nucleotide	B-CHED
polymorphisms	B-PROC
(	O
SNP	O
)	O
in	O
the	O
feline	B-SPEC
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
γ	I-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
(	O
fIFNG	O
)	O
are	O
associated	O
with	O
the	O
outcome	O
of	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

On	O
the	O
Thai	O
-	O
Myanmar	O
border	B-ANAT
,	O
all	O
pregnant	O
women	O
are	O
followed	O
systematically	O
with	O
active	O
weekly	O
malaria	B-PATH
screening	O
.	O

Over	O
a	O
27	O
-	O
year	O
period	O
of	O
providing	O
antenatal	O
care	O
,	O
48	O
,	O
983	O
have	O
been	O
prospectively	O
followed	O
until	O
pregnancy	O
outcome	O
(	O
miscarriage	B-DISO
or	O
delivery	O
)	O
and	O
4	O
,	O
298	O
women	O
have	O
had	O
P	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
vivax	I-SPEC
detected	O
at	O
least	O
once	O
.	O

The	O
patient	O
had	O
a	O
low	O
body	B-ANAT
mass	O
index	O
.	O

Sensitive	O
detection	O
with	O
nested	O
PCR	O
confirmed	O
only	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
P	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
vivax	I-SPEC
species	B-SPEC
and	O
concomitant	O
infections	B-DISO
such	O
as	O
tuberculosis	B-PATH
and	O
human	B-DISO
immunodeficiency	I-DISO
virus	I-DISO
(	O
HIV	B-DISO
)	O
were	O
also	O
ruled	O
out	O
.	O

PP	O
reduced	O
mortality	O
among	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
ARDS	B-DISO
and	O
patients	O
receiving	O
relatively	O
high	O
PEEP	B-CHED
levels	O
.	O

These	O
results	O
may	O
also	O
guide	O
future	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
preclinical	O
and	O
clinical	O
research	O
.	O

Furthermore	O
,	O
the	O
reduction	O
in	O
cell	B-COMP
numbers	O
in	O
the	O
spleens	B-ANAT
of	O
wild	O
-	O
type	O
mice	B-SPEC
after	O
infection	B-DISO
was	O
not	O
observed	O
in	O
the	O
infected	O
Fut9	B-PRGE
(-/-)	O
mice	B-SPEC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
IL	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
27	I-PRGE
limits	O
central	B-ANAT
nervous	I-ANAT
system	I-ANAT
viral	O
clearance	O
by	O
promoting	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
10	I-FUNC
and	O
enhances	O
demyelination	B-DISO
.	O

Nevertheless	O
,	O
IL	O
-	O
27Rα	O
(-/-)	O
mice	B-SPEC
exhibited	O
decreased	O
clinical	O
disease	O
during	O
persistence	O
,	O
coincident	O
with	O
less	O
severe	O
demyelination	B-DISO
,	O
the	O
hallmark	O
tissue	B-ANAT
damage	O
associated	O
with	O
JHMV	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

Following	O
the	O
injury	O
,	O
sheep	B-SPEC
were	O
ventilated	O
,	O
resuscitated	O
with	O
lactated	O
Ringer	O
'	O
s	O
solution	O
and	O
studied	O
for	O
24	O
h	O
.	O
The	O
sheep	B-SPEC
were	O
randomly	O
allocated	O
to	O
receive	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
following	O
treatments	O
intravenously	O
over	O
1	O
h	O
in	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
following	O
groups	O
:	O
(	O
1	O
)	O
control	O
,	O
PlasmaLyte	O
A	O
,	O
n	O
=	O
8	O
;	O
(	O
2	O
)	O
lower	O
dose	O
hMSCs	O
,	O
5	O
×	O
10	O
(	O
6	O
)	O
hMSCs	O
/	O
kg	O
,	O
n	O
=	O
7	O
;	O
and	O
(	O
3	O
)	O
higher	O
-	O
dose	O
hMSCs	O
,	O
10	O
×	O
10	O
(	O
6	O
)	O
hMSCs	O
/	O
kg	O
,	O
n	O
=	O
4	O
.	O

The	O
hMSCs	O
had	O
no	O
adverse	B-DISO
effects	I-DISO
.	O

Early	O
recognition	O
of	O
the	O
clinical	O
symptoms	O
allow	O
the	O
clinician	O
to	O
identify	O
the	O
syndrome	B-DISO
and	O
to	O
undertake	O
therapeutic	O
measures	O
that	O
may	O
reduce	O
the	O
morbidity	O
and	O
mortality	O
associated	O
with	O
this	O
complication	B-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Since	O
late	O
2013	O
,	O
several	O
outbreaks	O
of	O
porcine	O
epidemic	O
diarrhea	O
virus	O
(	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
)	O
infection	B-DISO
have	O
emerged	O
in	O
Taiwan	O
.	O

A	O
total	O
of	O
68	O
samples	O
from	O
25	O
pig	B-SPEC
farms	O
were	O
confirmed	O
as	O
positive	O
for	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
and	O
negative	O
for	O
rotavirus	B-SPEC
and	O
transmissible	O
gastroenteritis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
by	O
reverse	B-PROC
transcription	I-PROC
PCR	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
partial	O
S	O
gene	O
of	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
was	O
analyzed	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Transplantation	O
of	O
major	B-PROC
histocompatibility	I-PROC
complex	I-PROC
-	O
mismatched	O
mouse	B-SPEC
neural	O
precursor	O
cells	B-COMP
(	O
NPCs	O
)	O
into	O
mice	B-SPEC
persistently	O
infected	O
with	O
the	O
neurotropic	O
JHM	O
strain	O
of	O
mouse	B-DISO
hepatitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
JHMV	O
)	O
results	O
in	O
rapid	O
rejection	O
that	O
is	O
mediated	O
,	O
in	O
part	O
,	O
by	O
T	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
.	O

However	O
,	O
the	O
contribution	O
of	O
the	O
innate	B-DISO
immune	I-DISO
response	I-DISO
to	O
allograft	B-PATH
rejection	I-PATH
in	O
a	O
model	O
of	O
viral	O
-	O
induced	O
neurological	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
has	O
not	O
been	O
well	O
defined	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
A	O
new	O
highly	O
pathogenic	O
human	O
coronavirus	O
(	O
CoV	B-SPEC
),	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	B-SPEC
),	O
has	O
emerged	O
in	O
Jeddah	O
and	O
Saudi	O
Arabia	O
and	O
quickly	O
spread	O
to	O
some	O
European	O
countries	O
since	O
September	O
2012	O
.	O

Circular	O
dichroism	O
and	O
Tyr	B-CHED
/	O
Trp	B-ENZY
fluorescence	O
analyses	O
indicated	O
that	O
the	O
secondary	O
and	O
tertiary	O
structure	O
of	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
PLpro	O
is	O
well	O
organized	O
and	O
folded	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Circular	O
dichroism	O
and	O
Tyr	B-CHED
/	O
Trp	B-ENZY
fluorescence	O
analyses	O
indicated	O
that	O
the	O
secondary	O
and	O
tertiary	O
structure	O
of	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
PLpro	O
is	O
well	O
organized	O
and	O
folded	O
.	O

Etiological	O
categories	O
were	O
primary	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
-	O
related	O
ARDS	B-DISO
(	O
n	O
=	O
662	O
,	O
65	O
.	O
9	O
%;	O
385	O
bacterial	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
,	O
213	O
invasive	B-DISO
aspergillosis	I-DISO
,	O
64	O
Pneumocystis	B-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
);	O
extrapulmonary	O
septic	B-DISO
shock	I-DISO
-	O
related	O
ARDS	B-DISO
(	O
n	O
=	O
225	O
,	O
22	O
.	O
4	O
%;	O
33	O
%	O
candidemia	B-DISO
);	O
noninfectious	O
ARDS	B-DISO
(	O
n	O
=	O
76	O
,	O
7	O
.	O
6	O
%);	O
and	O
undetermined	O
cause	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
41	O
,	O
4	O
.	O
1	O
%).	O

Solid	B-DISO
tumors	I-DISO
,	O
primary	O
ARDS	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
later	O
admission	O
period	O
were	O
associated	O
with	O
lower	O
mortality	O
.	O

Expression	B-PROC
of	O
human	B-SPEC
DPP4	B-PRGE
in	O
nonsusceptible	O
BHK	O
and	O
ferret	B-SPEC
cells	B-COMP
enabled	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
replication	O
,	O
whereas	O
expression	B-PROC
of	O
hamster	B-SPEC
or	O
ferret	B-SPEC
DPP4	B-PRGE
did	O
not	O
.	O

Expression	B-PROC
of	O
hamster	B-SPEC
DPP4	B-PRGE
containing	O
the	O
five	O
human	B-SPEC
DPP4	O
amino	B-CHED
acids	I-CHED
rendered	O
BHK	O
cells	B-COMP
susceptible	O
to	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
,	O
whereas	O
expression	B-PROC
of	O
human	B-SPEC
DPP4	B-PRGE
containing	O
the	O
five	O
hamster	B-SPEC
DPP4	O
amino	B-CHED
acids	I-CHED
did	O
not	O
.	O

Using	O
a	O
combined	O
modeling	O
and	O
experimental	O
approach	O
,	O
we	O
predict	O
that	O
,	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
ability	O
of	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
to	O
utilize	O
the	O
DPP4	B-PRGE
of	O
common	O
Middle	O
East	O
livestock	O
species	B-SPEC
,	O
such	O
as	O
camels	B-SPEC
,	O
goats	B-SPEC
,	O
sheep	B-SPEC
,	O
and	O
cows	B-SPEC
,	O
these	O
form	O
a	O
potential	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
intermediate	O
host	B-COMP
reservoir	O
species	B-SPEC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Diffuse	O
alveolar	B-ANAT
haemorrhage	B-DISO
and	O
severe	O
hypoxemia	O
from	O
Strongyloides	B-SPEC
stercoralis	I-SPEC
hyperinfection	O
syndrome	O
.	O

We	O
discuss	O
the	O
clinical	O
condition	B-DISO
of	O
Strongyloides	B-SPEC
hyperinfection	O
syndrome	B-DISO
presenting	O
with	O
severe	O
hypoxemia	O
and	O
complicated	O
by	O
severe	O
diffuse	O
alveolar	B-ANAT
hemorrhage	B-DISO
leading	O
to	O
death	B-PROC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Genetic	O
variation	O
between	O
diverse	O
mouse	B-SPEC
species	B-SPEC
is	O
well	O
-	O
characterized	O
,	O
yet	O
existing	O
knowledge	O
of	O
the	O
mouse	B-SPEC
transcriptome	O
comes	O
largely	O
from	O
one	O
mouse	B-SPEC
strain	O
(	O
C57BL	O
/	O
6J	O
).	O

Of	O
these	O
novel	O
transcripts	O
,	O
2150	O
could	O
be	O
aligned	O
to	O
human	O
or	O
rat	B-SPEC
genomes	O
,	O
but	O
not	O
to	O
existing	O
mouse	B-SPEC
genomes	O
,	O
suggesting	O
functionally	O
conserved	O
sequences	O
not	O
yet	O
recorded	O
in	O
mouse	B-SPEC
genomes	O
.	O

Host	B-COMP
genetic	O
variation	O
drives	O
the	O
complexity	O
and	O
diversity	O
of	O
the	O
host	B-PROC
response	I-PROC
by	O
eliciting	O
starkly	O
different	O
transcriptional	B-PROC
profiles	O
in	O
response	O
to	O
a	O
viral	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
.	O

Due	O
to	O
its	O
coordinatively	O
unsaturated	O
[	O
Cu	O
(	O
Phen	B-CHED
)](+)	O
sites	O
the	O
dimeric	O
iron	O
complex	O
is	O
able	O
to	O
serve	O
as	O
a	O
catalyst	B-CHED
in	O
the	O
cyclopropanation	O
of	O
Z	O
-	O
cyclooctene	O
using	O
ethyl	B-CHED
diazoacetate	O
.	O

Hospital	O
-	O
acquired	O
infection	B-DISO
and	O
community	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
acquired	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
are	O
both	O
possible	O
.	O

In	O
the	O
subgroup	O
of	O
viral	O
exclusive	O
infection	B-DISO
,	O
the	O
mean	O
age	O
of	O
severe	O
cases	O
was	O
2	O
.	O
0	O
years	O
vs	O
3	O
.	O
8	O
years	O
in	O
mild	O
and	O
moderate	O
cases	O
(	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
).	O

Clinical	O
data	O
and	O
laboratory	O
findings	O
including	O
autoantibodies	O
,	O
immunoglobulin	B-PROC
levels	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
number	O
of	O
T	O
,	O
B	O
and	O
NK	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
were	O
evaluated	O
.	O

Two	O
cousins	O
of	O
PI	O
had	O
the	O
same	O
hypomorphic	O
splice	O
site	O
mutation	O
leading	O
to	O
a	O
deletion	O
of	O
27	O
amino	B-CHED
acids	I-CHED
,	O
but	O
normal	O
FOXP3	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
expression	B-PROC
and	O
normal	O
suppressive	O
capacity	O
of	O
T	B-PRGE
reg	I-PRGE
in	O
a	O
proliferation	B-DISO
inhibition	B-PROC
assay	O
.	O

Patient	O
IV	O
from	O
another	O
family	B-SPEC
presented	O
with	O
chronic	B-DISO
diarrhea	I-DISO
without	O
autoimmune	B-DISO
manifestations	O
and	O
died	B-PROC
due	O
to	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
purpose	O
of	O
this	O
study	O
was	O
to	O
describe	O
the	O
chest	O
CT	O
findings	O
in	O
seven	O
patients	O
with	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
subpleural	O
and	O
peribronchovascular	O
predilection	O
of	O
the	O
abnormalities	O
is	O
suggestive	O
of	O
an	O
organizing	B-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
pattern	O
.	O

We	O
sought	O
to	O
corroborate	O
our	O
findings	O
using	O
data	O
from	O
a	O
different	O
trial	O
of	O
higher	O
PEEP	B-CHED
(	O
ExPress	O
,	O
n	O
=	O
749	O
).	O

In	O
order	B-SPEC
to	O
gain	O
a	O
better	O
understanding	O
of	O
the	O
epidemiology	O
of	O
MERS	O
CoV	O
,	O
further	O
investigation	O
is	O
warranted	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
outcome	O
of	O
respiratory	B-DISO
virus	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
is	O
determined	O
by	O
a	O
complex	O
interplay	O
of	O
viral	O
and	O
host	B-COMP
factors	O
.	O

Here	O
we	O
systematically	O
inferred	O
the	O
regulatory	O
functions	O
of	O
host	B-COMP
lncRNAs	O
in	O
response	O
to	O
influenza	B-SPEC
A	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
and	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
based	O
on	O
their	O
similarity	O
in	O
expression	B-PROC
with	O
genes	O
of	O
known	O
function	O
.	O

All	O
of	O
them	O
received	O
VIPC	O
plan	B-DISO
for	O
early	O
stage	O
resuscitation	O
and	O
CRASHPLAN	O
for	O
further	O
evaluations	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
World	O
Health	O
Organization	O
(	O
WHO	O
)	O
ranks	O
respiratory	B-DISO
tract	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
(	O
RTI	B-DISO
)	O
as	O
the	O
second	O
leading	O
cause	O
of	O
death	B-PROC
worldwide	O
for	O
children	O
under	O
5	O
years	O
of	O
age	O
.	O

Human	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
and	O
human	B-SPEC
bocavirus	I-SPEC
were	O
the	O
most	O
common	O
pathogens	O
,	O
tending	O
to	O
occur	O
in	O
co	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
with	O
other	O
respiratory	O
viruses	B-SPEC
.	O

Previously	O
,	O
we	O
demonstrated	O
that	O
nsp3	B-PRGE
and	O
nsp4	B-PRGE
interact	O
and	O
that	O
their	O
co	O
-	O
expression	B-PROC
results	O
in	O
the	O
relocalization	O
of	O
these	O
proteins	B-CHED
from	O
the	O
endoplasmic	B-COMP
reticulum	I-COMP
(	O
ER	O
)	O
into	O
discrete	O
perinuclear	O
foci	O
.	O

We	O
now	O
show	O
that	O
these	O
foci	O
correspond	O
to	O
areas	O
of	O
rearranged	O
ER	O
-	O
derived	O
membranes	B-ANAT
,	O
which	O
display	O
increased	O
membrane	B-COMP
curvature	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Differences	O
in	O
the	O
tissue	B-PROC
tropism	B-PROC
to	O
chicken	B-SPEC
oviduct	B-ANAT
epithelial	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
between	O
avian	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
IBV	B-SPEC
strains	O
QX	O
and	O
B1648	O
are	O
not	O
related	O
to	O
the	O
sialic	B-FUNC
acid	I-FUNC
binding	I-FUNC
properties	O
of	O
their	O
spike	O
proteins	B-CHED
.	O

We	O
analysed	O
infectivity	O
and	O
binding	B-FUNC
properties	O
of	O
the	O
QX	O
strain	O
and	O
compared	O
them	O
with	O
those	O
of	O
the	O
nephropathogenic	O
strain	O
B1648	O
.	O

Binding	B-FUNC
tests	O
with	O
isolated	O
primary	O
oviduct	B-ANAT
epithelial	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
and	O
soluble	O
S1	O
proteins	B-CHED
revealed	O
that	O
S1	O
proteins	B-CHED
of	O
two	O
IBV	B-SPEC
strains	O
bound	O
with	O
the	O
same	O
efficiency	O
to	O
oviduct	B-ANAT
epithelial	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
.	O

The	O
molecular	O
assays	O
detected	O
53	O
and	O
31	O
CPV	B-SPEC
-	O
and	O
CCoV	O
-	O
positive	O
specimens	O
,	O
respectively	O
,	O
with	O
mixed	O
CPV	B-SPEC
-	O
CCoV	O
infections	B-DISO
diagnosed	O
in	O
28	O
dogs	B-SPEC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Development	B-PROC
of	O
a	O
multiplex	O
TaqMan	O
probe	O
-	O
based	O
real	O
-	O
time	O
PCR	O
for	O
discrimination	O
of	O
variant	O
and	O
classical	O
porcine	O
epidemic	O
diarrhea	O
virus	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Since	O
October	O
2010	O
,	O
porcine	B-SPEC
diarrhea	B-DISO
outbreaks	O
have	O
occurred	O
widely	O
,	O
resulting	O
in	O
major	O
losses	O
in	O
suckling	O
piglets	O
in	O
China	O
.	O

The	O
multiplex	O
TaqMan	O
probe	O
-	O
based	O
real	O
-	O
time	O
PCR	O
should	O
be	O
a	O
useful	O
tool	O
for	O
quantifying	O
viral	O
load	O
,	O
detecting	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
,	O
and	O
differentiating	O
variant	O
from	O
classical	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
.	O

In	O
this	O
report	O
,	O
we	O
briefly	O
review	O
and	O
discuss	O
the	O
different	O
reverse	O
genetic	O
systems	O
developed	O
for	O
CoVs	O
,	O
paying	O
special	O
attention	O
to	O
the	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
CoV	O
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
).	O

Identification	O
of	O
the	O
genes	O
underlying	O
the	O
diseases	O
of	O
alveolar	B-ANAT
homeostasis	B-PROC
is	O
useful	O
for	O
the	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
lung	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
before	O
and	O
after	O
birth	B-PROC
.	O

Three	O
HIV	B-DISO
-	O
infected	O
patients	O
with	O
AIDS	O
were	O
admitted	O
to	O
ICU	O
and	O
were	O
treated	O
with	O
ECMO	O
:	O
a	O
21	O
years	O
old	O
Caucasian	O
female	O
with	O
congenital	B-DISO
HIV	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
presented	O
with	O
Pneumocystis	B-SPEC
jirovecii	I-SPEC
pneumonia	B-DISO
(	O
PJP	B-DISO
);	O
a	O
38	O
years	O
old	O
Caucasian	O
female	O
with	O
HIV	B-DISO
-	O
HCV	B-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
and	O
L	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
pneumophila	I-SPEC
pneumonia	B-DISO
;	O
a	O
24	O
years	O
old	O
Caucasian	O
male	O
with	O
fever	O
,	O
cough	B-DISO
weight	O
loss	O
and	O
PJP	B-DISO
pneumonia	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
last	O
patient	O
died	B-PROC
with	O
septic	B-DISO
shock	I-DISO
after	O
three	O
months	O
of	O
ICU	O
stay	O
.	O

As	O
a	O
result	O
,	O
animals	B-SPEC
rescued	O
from	O
hoarding	O
frequently	O
have	O
a	O
variety	O
of	O
medical	O
conditions	O
including	O
respiratory	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
,	O
gastrointestinal	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
,	O
parasitism	B-PROC
,	O
malnutrition	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
other	O
evidence	O
of	O
neglect	O
.	O

Cats	B-SPEC
were	O
screened	O
for	O
feline	B-SPEC
leukemia	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
FeLV	O
)	O
and	O
feline	B-SPEC
immunodeficiency	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
FIV	B-SPEC
)	O
in	O
all	O
four	O
cases	O
and	O
for	O
dermatophytosis	B-DISO
in	O
one	O
case	O
.	O

Several	O
randomized	O
clinical	O
trials	O
and	O
observational	O
studies	O
suggested	O
that	O
extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenation	B-PROC
associated	O
with	O
protective	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
could	O
improve	O
outcome	O
,	O
but	O
its	O
efficacy	O
remains	O
uncertain	O
.	O

Meta	B-SPEC
-	O
analyses	O
showed	O
reduced	O
28	O
-	O
day	O
mortality	O
with	O
a	O
48	O
-	O
hour	O
infusion	O
of	O
cis	B-DISO
-	O
atracurium	B-CHED
in	O
early	O
ARDS	B-DISO
(	O
relative	O
risk	O
0	O
.	O
66	O
,	O
95	O
%	O
confidence	O
interval	O
0	O
.	O
50	O
to	O
0	O
.	O
87	O
;	O
431	O
patients	O
,	O
138	O
deaths	B-PROC
).	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
From	O
13461	O
citations	O
,	O
58	O
trials	O
(	O
6635	O
patients	O
)	O
of	O
21	O
classes	O
of	O
medications	O
met	B-CHED
selection	O
criteria	O
;	O
26	O
trials	O
(	O
3880	O
patients	O
)	O
were	O
published	O
after	O
2003	O
.	O

Inflammation	B-DISO
-	O
related	O
gene	B-PROC
expression	I-PROC
was	O
detected	O
by	O
real	O
-	O
time	O
PCR	O
,	O
immunohistochemistry	O
and	O
Western	O
blotting	O
.	O

Pro	B-CHED
-	O
inflammatory	O
cytokines	O
,	O
interleukin	B-PRGE
(	O
IL	O
)-	O
1β	O
,	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
6	I-FUNC
,	O
and	O
tumor	B-FUNC
necrosis	I-FUNC
factor	I-FUNC
(	O
TNF	O
)-	O
α	O
,	O
were	O
also	O
increased	O
significantly	O
at	O
72	O
h	O
post	O
-	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

HIV	B-DISO
-	O
infected	O
patients	O
were	O
more	O
often	O
positive	O
(	O
56	O
.	O
6	O
%,	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
=	O
37	O
.	O
3	O
-	O
72	O
.	O
4	O
)	O
compared	O
to	O
other	O
groups	O
(	O
patients	O
with	O
malignant	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
7	O
.	O
7	O
%,	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
=	O
2	O
.	O
6	O
-	O
20	O
.	O
3	O
;	O
transplant	O
patients	O
7	O
.	O
7	O
%,	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
=	O
2	O
.	O
2	O
-	O
24	O
.	O
1	O
;	O
patients	O
with	O
other	O
diagnosis	O
1	O
.	O
5	O
%,	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
5	O
-	O
4	O
.	O
4	O
).	O

Our	O
results	O
indicate	O
that	O
HIV	B-DISO
-	O
infected	O
patients	O
still	O
represents	O
the	O
main	O
risk	O
group	O
for	O
P	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
jirovecii	I-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
.	O

Virus	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
was	O
observed	O
in	O
lung	B-ANAT
,	O
liver	B-ANAT
,	O
and	O
brain	B-ANAT
tissue	I-ANAT
.	O

RSV	B-SPEC
was	O
the	O
most	O
common	O
etiology	O
(	O
17	O
.	O
0	O
%)	O
in	O
young	O
children	O
aged	O
<	O
2	O
years	O
.	O

All	O
patients	O
who	O
were	O
managed	O
with	O
venovenous	O
extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenation	B-PROC
from	O
1	O
July	O
2010	O
to	O
30	O
June	O
2013	O
in	O
the	O
Intensive	O
Care	O
Unit	O
.	O

Of	O
these	O
,	O
90	O
.	O
3	O
%	O
(	O
28	O
patients	O
)	O
presented	O
with	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
as	O
the	O
cause	O
of	O
the	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
,	O
and	O
22	O
of	O
them	O
had	O
identifiable	O
causes	O
.	O

Among	O
the	O
22	O
patients	O
who	O
had	O
identifiable	O
infective	O
causes	O
,	O
those	O
suffering	B-DISO
from	O
viral	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
had	O
lower	O
intensive	O
care	O
unit	O
and	O
hospital	O
mortality	O
than	O
those	O
who	O
had	O
bacterial	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
(	O
8	O
.	O
3	O
%	O
vs	O
20	O
.	O
0	O
%).	O

IN	O
BOTH	B-PRGE
PATIENTS	I-PRGE
,	I-PRGE
CHARACTERISTIC	I-PRGE
LUNG	B-ANAT
ULTRASOUND	I-PRGE
FINDINGS	I-PRGE
HAVE	I-PRGE
BEEN	I-PRGE
OBSERVED	I-PRGE
AS	I-PRGE
PREVIOUSLY	I-PRGE
DESCRIBED	I-PRGE
IN	I-PRGE
VIRAL	I-PRGE
PULMONARY	I-PRGE
INFECTIONS	I-PRGE
:	O
subpleural	O
consolidations	O
associated	O
or	O
not	O
with	O
local	O
pleural	B-DISO
effusion	I-DISO
.	O

In	O
addition	O
,	O
numerous	O
,	O
confluent	O
,	O
or	O
coalescing	O
B	O
-	O
lines	O
leading	O
to	O
'	O
white	O
lung	B-ANAT
'	O
with	O
corresponding	O
pleural	O
line	O
thickening	O
are	O
associated	O
with	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

Clinicians	O
with	O
access	O
to	O
point	O
-	O
of	O
-	O
care	O
ultrasonography	O
may	O
use	O
these	O
findings	O
as	O
an	O
alternative	O
to	O
chest	B-ANAT
X	O
-	O
ray	B-SPEC
or	O
CT	O
scan	O
.	O

Coexisting	O
consolidated	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
with	O
sonographic	O
air	B-CHED
bronchograms	O
was	O
noted	O
in	O
one	O
patient	O
who	O
did	O
not	O
survive	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Surfactant	B-CHED
protein	B-CHED
A	I-PRGE
genetic	I-PRGE
variants	I-PRGE
associate	O
with	O
severe	O
respiratory	B-DISO
insufficiency	I-DISO
in	O
pandemic	O
influenza	O
A	O
virus	B-PROC
infection	I-PROC
.	O

The	O
SFTPA2	B-PRGE
haplotype	I-PRGE
1A	I-PRGE
(	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
)	I-PRGE
was	O
a	O
protective	O
variant	O
.	O

Our	O
data	O
suggest	O
an	O
effect	O
of	O
genetic	O
variants	O
of	O
SFTPA2	B-PRGE
on	O
the	O
severity	O
of	O
H1N1pdm	O
infection	B-DISO
and	O
could	O
pave	O
the	O
way	O
for	O
a	O
potential	O
treatment	O
with	O
haplotype	O
-	O
specific	O
(	O
1A	O
(	O
1	O
))	O
SP	O
-	O
A2	O
for	O
future	O
IAV	O
pandemics	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Development	B-PROC
of	O
a	O
single	O
nucleotide	B-CHED
polymorphism	B-PROC
DNA	O
microarray	O
for	O
the	O
detection	O
and	O
genotyping	O
of	O
the	O
SARS	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
.	O

No	O
symptom	B-DISO
was	O
found	O
in	O
his	O
135	O
close	O
contacts	O
.	O

We	O
detected	O
three	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
strains	O
from	O
ten	O
small	B-ANAT
intestine	I-ANAT
samples	O
from	O
piglets	O
with	O
acute	B-DISO
diarrhea	I-DISO
and	O
we	O
determined	O
the	O
complete	O
genome	O
sequences	O
of	O
the	O
reemerging	O
Korean	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
field	O
isolates	O
,	O
except	O
for	O
the	O
noncoding	O
regions	O
from	O
both	O
ends	O
.	O

Specimens	O
were	O
tested	O
by	O
real	O
time	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
for	O
influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
and	O
B	O
.	O
Influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
-	O
positive	O
specimens	O
were	O
subtyped	O
for	O
H1	O
,	O
H3	O
,	O
H5	O
,	O
and	O
(	O
beginning	O
in	O
May	O
2009	O
)	O
A	O
(	O
H1N1	O
)	O
pdm09	O
.	O

In	O
all	O
,	O
2	O
,	O
378	O
(	O
9	O
.	O
6	O
%)	O
SARI	O
cases	O
and	O
2	O
,	O
041	O
(	O
14	O
.	O
6	O
%)	O
ILI	O
cases	O
were	O
positive	O
for	O
influenza	B-SPEC
viruses	I-SPEC
.	O

The	O
potential	O
for	O
antiviral	B-CHED
development	B-PROC
is	O
currently	O
hindered	O
by	O
a	O
poor	O
understanding	O
of	O
RNA	O
-	O
driven	O
molecular	O
mechanisms	O
,	O
resulting	O
from	O
a	O
lack	O
of	O
structural	O
information	O
on	O
large	O
RNAs	O
and	O
ribonucleoprotein	B-COMP
complexes	O
.	O

Ongoing	O
and	O
future	O
work	O
will	O
contribute	O
to	O
a	O
more	O
complete	O
understanding	O
of	O
the	O
lifecycles	O
of	O
retroviruses	B-SPEC
and	O
RNA	O
viruses	B-SPEC
and	O
potentially	O
lead	O
to	O
novel	O
antiviral	B-CHED
strategies	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
RNA	O
and	O
neutralising	O
antibodies	B-COMP
in	O
milk	O
collected	O
according	O
to	O
local	O
customs	O
from	O
dromedary	O
camels	B-SPEC
,	O
Qatar	O
,	O
April	O
2014	O
.	O

At	O
one	O
location	O
,	O
evidence	O
for	O
active	O
virus	B-DISO
shedding	I-DISO
in	O
nasal	B-ANAT
secretions	B-ANAT
and	O
/	O
or	O
faeces	B-ANAT
was	O
observed	O
for	O
7	O
/	O
12	O
camels	B-SPEC
;	O
viral	O
RNA	O
was	O
detected	O
in	O
milk	O
of	O
five	O
of	O
these	O
seven	O
camels	B-SPEC
.	O

No	O
time	O
evolution	B-PROC
of	O
the	O
situation	O
emerges	O
.	O

A	O
protocol	O
-	O
driven	O
ventilation	O
using	O
goal	O
-	O
oriented	O
structural	O
programming	O
was	O
implemented	O
and	O
used	O
for	O
4	O
hours	O
in	O
seven	O
pigs	B-SPEC
with	O
lavage	O
-	O
induced	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
).	O

Between	O
January	O
2013	O
and	O
February	O
2014	O
,	O
we	O
prospectively	O
studied	O
all	O
patients	O
with	O
suspected	O
clinical	O
respiratory	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
by	O
taking	O
throat	B-ANAT
swabs	O
and	O
performing	O
a	O
reverse	B-PROC
transcription	I-PROC
polymerase	O
chain	O
reaction	O
in	O
search	O
of	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Utility	O
of	O
feline	B-SPEC
coronavirus	B-SPEC
antibody	B-COMP
tests	O
.	O

The	O
IFAT	O
and	O
ELISA	O
tests	O
were	O
best	O
for	O
obtaining	O
an	O
antibody	B-COMP
titre	O
and	O
for	O
working	O
in	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
virus	B-SPEC
.	O

The	O
most	O
appropriate	O
FCoV	O
antibody	B-COMP
test	O
to	O
use	O
depends	O
on	O
the	O
reason	O
for	O
testing	O
:	O
in	O
excluding	O
a	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
FIP	B-DISO
,	O
sensitivity	O
,	O
specificity	O
,	O
small	O
sample	O
quantity	O
,	O
rapidity	O
and	O
ability	O
to	O
work	O
in	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
virus	B-SPEC
all	O
matter	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Plasmodium	B-SPEC
vivax	I-SPEC
malaria	B-PATH
--	O
is	O
it	O
really	O
benign	O
?	O

Public	O
health	O
officials	O
urge	O
emergency	B-DISO
personnel	O
to	O
pay	O
strict	O
attention	O
to	O
infection	B-DISO
control	O
practices	O
,	O
and	O
to	O
query	O
patients	O
who	O
present	O
with	O
fever	B-PROC
and	O
respiratory	B-DISO
distress	I-DISO
about	O
recent	O
travel	O
to	O
the	O
Arabian	O
Peninsula	O
and	O
/	O
or	O
close	O
contact	O
with	O
a	O
person	O
who	O
has	O
a	O
confirmed	O
or	O
probable	O
case	O
of	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
.	O

We	O
collected	O
1	O
,	O
254	O
samples	O
from	O
patients	O
diagnosed	O
with	O
respiratory	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
in	O
southern	O
Thailand	O
from	O
July	O
2009	O
to	O
January	O
2011	O
and	O
screened	O
for	O
HCoV	O
by	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
and	O
genotyped	O
by	O
BLAST	B-ANAT
analysis	O
of	O
nsp12	B-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
.	O

Since	O
2012	O
,	O
the	O
Saudi	O
Ministry	O
of	O
Health	O
(	O
MoH	O
)	O
has	O
required	O
screening	O
for	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
for	O
all	O
cases	O
of	O
severe	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
requiring	O
hospitalization	O
.	O

Of	O
these	O
,	O
bacterial	O
pathogens	O
were	O
detected	O
in	O
84	O
.	O
6	O
%	O
(	O
22	O
/	O
26	O
)	O
and	O
viruses	B-SPEC
in	O
80	O
.	O
7	O
%	O
(	O
21	O
/	O
26	O
).	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Thirty	O
-	O
eight	O
patients	O
met	B-CHED
the	O
inclusion	O
criteria	O
;	O
they	O
were	O
predominantly	O
elderly	O
(	O
mean	O
age	O
58	O
.	O
6	O
years	O
,	O
range	O
25	O
-	O
83	O
years	O
)	O
and	O
male	O
(	O
68	O
.	O
4	O
%),	O
and	O
all	O
were	O
from	O
developing	O
countries	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Severe	O
babesiosis	B-DISO
presenting	O
as	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
in	O
an	O
immunocompetent	O
patient	O
.	O

On	O
arrival	O
to	O
the	O
emergency	B-DISO
department	O
(	O
ED	O
)	O
the	O
patient	O
was	O
noted	O
to	O
be	O
febrile	B-PROC
with	O
tachycardia	O
,	O
tachypnea	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
hypoxia	B-DISO
and	O
was	O
intubated	O
for	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
.	O

Tick	B-SPEC
-	O
borne	O
illness	O
was	O
suspected	O
and	O
Wright	O
-	O
Giemsa	O
stained	O
thin	O
blood	B-ANAT
smear	O
confirmed	O
the	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
babesiosis	O
.	O

The	O
aim	O
of	O
this	O
study	O
was	O
to	O
investigate	O
the	O
prevalence	O
of	O
canine	B-SPEC
parainfluenza	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
CPIV	O
),	O
canine	B-SPEC
adenovirus	I-SPEC
type	O
2	O
(	O
CAV	B-SPEC
-	O
2	O
),	O
canine	O
influenza	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
CIV	B-SPEC
),	O
canine	O
respiratory	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
CRCoV	O
),	O
canine	O
herpes	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
-	O
1	O
(	O
CHV	O
-	O
1	O
),	O
canine	B-SPEC
distemper	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
CDV	B-CHED
)	O
and	O
Bordetella	B-SPEC
bronchiseptica	I-SPEC
in	O
dogs	B-SPEC
with	O
CIRD	O
and	O
to	O
compare	O
the	O
data	O
with	O
findings	O
in	O
healthy	O
dogs	B-SPEC
.	O

Nasal	B-ANAT
and	O
pharyngeal	B-ANAT
swabs	O
were	O
collected	O
from	O
all	O
dogs	B-SPEC
and	O
were	O
analysed	O
for	O
CPIV	O
,	O
CAV	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
,	O
CIV	B-SPEC
,	O
CRCoV	O
,	O
CHV	O
-	O
1	O
,	O
CDV	B-CHED
,	O
and	O
B	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
bronchiseptica	I-SPEC
by	O
real	O
-	O
time	O
PCR	O
.	O

Genbank	O
sequences	O
of	O
six	O
human	B-SPEC
coronaviruses	O
,	O
including	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
NL63	I-SPEC
,	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
229E	I-SPEC
,	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
,	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
OC43	I-SPEC
,	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
,	O
and	O
HCoV	O
-	O
HKU1	O
,	O
were	O
included	O
as	O
reference	O
sequences	O
.	O

Viroporins	O
,	O
encoded	O
by	O
all	O
common	O
respiratory	O
viruses	B-SPEC
,	O
are	O
responsible	O
for	O
the	O
changes	O
in	O
intracellular	B-COMP
ion	B-PROC
homeostasis	I-PROC
that	O
modulate	O
inflammasome	O
activation	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Data	O
on	O
the	O
efficacy	O
of	O
Peg	O
-	O
interferon	B-PRGE
/	O
ribavirin	B-CHED
therapy	O
for	O
chronic	B-DISO
hepatitis	I-DISO
C	I-DISO
are	O
mostly	O
derived	O
from	O
treatment	O
of	O
selected	O
patients	O
enrolled	O
in	O
clinical	O
trials	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Murine	B-SPEC
AKAP7	I-PRGE
has	O
a	O
2	O
',	O
5	B-ENZY
'-	I-ENZY
phosphodiesterase	I-ENZY
domain	O
that	O
can	O
complement	O
an	O
inactive	O
murine	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
ns2	B-DISO
gene	I-PRGE
.	O

We	O
speculate	O
that	O
AKAP7	B-PRGE
is	O
the	O
ancestral	O
precursor	O
of	O
viral	O
proteins	B-CHED
,	O
such	O
as	O
ns2	B-DISO
and	O
VP3	O
,	O
that	O
degrade	O
2	O
-	O
5A	O
to	O
evade	O
the	O
antiviral	B-CHED
activity	O
of	O
RNase	B-PRGE
L	I-PRGE
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
The	O
role	O
of	O
inhaled	B-PROC
nitric	B-CHED
oxide	I-CHED
beyond	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

Adjunctive	O
use	O
of	O
inhaled	B-PROC
nitric	B-CHED
oxide	I-CHED
(	O
INO	O
)	O
is	O
well	O
-	O
defined	O
as	O
a	O
rescue	O
therapy	O
in	O
severe	O
ARDS	B-DISO
,	O
but	O
its	O
specific	O
role	O
in	O
intracranial	B-DISO
hypertension	I-DISO
is	O
somewhat	O
uncertain	O
.	O

The	O
epidemiological	O
profiles	O
of	O
the	O
patients	O
with	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
OC43	I-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
were	O
described	O
.	O

Partial	O
S	O
and	O
N	O
genes	O
of	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
OC43	I-SPEC
circulating	O
strains	O
were	O
sequenced	O
followed	O
by	O
phylogenetic	O
analysis	O
and	O
amino	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
alignment	O
.	O

Phylogenetic	O
analysis	O
based	O
on	O
neighbour	O
-	O
joining	O
method	O
showed	O
that	O
at	O
least	O
three	O
distinct	O
clusters	O
(	O
A	O
,	O
B	O
,	O
C	O
/	O
D	O
)	O
of	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
OC43	I-SPEC
strains	O
were	O
circulating	O
among	O
adult	O
patients	O
with	O
ARI	B-CHED
in	O
Beijing	O
.	O

IBV	B-SPEC
NSP6	O
also	O
limited	O
autophagosome	B-COMP
and	O
omegasome	O
expansion	O
in	O
response	B-PROC
to	I-PROC
starvation	I-PROC
and	O
Torin1	O
and	O
could	O
therefore	O
limit	O
the	O
size	O
of	O
autophagosomes	O
induced	O
following	O
inhibition	B-PROC
of	O
MTOR	B-PRGE
signaling	B-PROC
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
those	O
induced	O
independently	O
by	O
the	O
NSP6	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
itself	O
.	O

The	O
molecule	O
consists	O
of	O
a	O
ubiquitin	B-PROC
-	O
like	O
domain	O
and	O
a	O
catalytic	O
core	O
domain	O
.	O

The	O
catalytic	O
domain	O
displays	O
an	O
extended	O
right	O
-	O
hand	O
fold	O
with	O
a	O
zinc	B-CHED
ribbon	B-COMP
and	O
embraces	O
a	O
solvent	B-CHED
-	O
exposed	O
substrate	O
-	O
binding	B-FUNC
region	O
.	O

The	O
overall	O
structure	O
of	O
the	O
MERS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
PL	I-PRGE
(	I-PRGE
pro	I-PRGE
)	I-PRGE
is	O
similar	O
to	O
that	O
of	O
the	O
corresponding	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
enzyme	I-PRGE
,	O
but	O
the	O
architecture	O
of	O
the	O
oxyanion	O
hole	O
and	O
of	O
the	O
S3	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
the	O
S5	O
specificity	O
sites	O
differ	O
from	O
the	O
latter	O
.	O

This	O
review	O
makes	O
an	O
attempt	O
to	O
summarize	O
the	O
published	O
knowledge	O
on	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
accessory	O
proteins	B-CHED
,	O
with	O
an	O
emphasis	O
on	O
their	O
involvement	O
in	O
virus	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
host	B-COMP
interaction	I-PROC
.	O

Here	O
we	O
also	O
discuss	O
the	O
thermodynamic	O
characterization	O
in	O
solution	O
of	O
the	O
metal	B-CHED
complexes	O
of	O
the	O
most	O
active	O
ligands	O
,	O
affording	O
to	O
the	O
best	O
of	O
our	O
knowledge	O
for	O
the	O
first	O
time	O
this	O
type	O
of	O
data	O
for	O
complexes	O
with	O
anti	O
-	O
HIV	B-DISO
activity	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
the	O
emergence	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
),	O
and	O
more	O
recently	O
,	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
),	O
has	O
impelled	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
such	O
drugs	O
.	O

Severe	O
Capnocytophaga	B-SPEC
canimorsus	I-SPEC
sepsis	B-DISO
may	O
be	O
complicated	O
by	O
life	O
-	O
threatening	O
nosocomial	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
in	O
immunocompromized	O
patients	O
.	O

The	O
prophylactic	O
application	O
of	O
antibiotics	B-CHED
after	O
a	O
dog	B-SPEC
bite	B-PROC
should	O
be	O
considered	O
in	O
high	O
-	O
risk	O
individuals	O
with	O
immune	B-DISO
deficiency	I-DISO
in	O
order	B-SPEC
to	O
prevent	O
both	O
Capnocytophyga	O
canimorsus	O
sepsis	B-DISO
and	O
serious	O
nosocomial	O
complications	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Early	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
leptospirosis	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Enforced	O
expression	B-PROC
of	O
miR	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
125b	I-PRGE
attenuates	O
LPS	B-DISO
-	O
induced	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
in	O
a	O
silversmith	O
.	O

On	O
the	O
day	O
of	O
onset	O
of	O
symptoms	O
,	O
while	O
smelting	O
silver	B-CHED
he	O
was	O
exposed	O
to	O
golden	B-CHED
yellow	I-CHED
fumes	O
for	O
around	O
15	O
minutes	O
,	O
with	O
the	O
quantum	O
of	O
exposure	O
more	O
than	O
any	O
other	O
day	O
earlier	O
.	O

Adult	O
mice	B-SPEC
(	O
C57BL	O
/	O
6J	O
,	O
8	O
wk	O
of	O
age	O
,	O
n	O
=	O
146	O
)	O
were	O
inoculated	O
with	O
a	O
neurotropic	O
strain	O
of	O
mouse	B-DISO
hepatitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
A59	O
strain	O
)	O
and	O
followed	O
for	O
4	O
wk	O
.	O

Inoculation	O
with	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
caused	O
a	O
significant	O
neural	O
deficit	B-DISO
in	O
mice	B-SPEC
with	O
an	O
average	O
clinical	O
symptom	B-DISO
score	O
of	O
2	O
.	O
6	O
±	O
0	O
.	O
5	O
at	O
2	O
wk	O
.	O

The	O
purified	O
recombinant	B-PRGE
S1	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
was	O
found	O
to	O
mediate	O
highly	O
potent	O
antibody	B-PROC
responses	I-PROC
in	O
immunized	O
rabbits	B-SPEC
.	O

Altogether	O
,	O
our	O
results	O
indicate	O
that	O
a	O
caspase	B-PRGE
-	O
independent	O
mitochondrial	B-COMP
AIF	O
-	O
mediated	O
pathway	B-PROC
plays	O
a	O
central	O
role	O
in	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
-	O
induced	O
apoptosis	B-PATH
to	O
facilitate	O
viral	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
and	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
CpG	O
-	O
ODNs	O
induced	O
changes	O
in	O
cytokine	O
/	O
chemokines	O
genes	O
expression	B-PROC
associated	O
with	O
suppression	B-DISO
of	O
infectious	O
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
in	O
chicken	B-SPEC
lungs	B-ANAT
.	O

CpG	O
ODN	O
and	O
PBS	B-DISO
inoculated	O
embryos	B-ANAT
were	O
challenged	O
with	O
virulent	O
IBV	B-SPEC
on	O
the	O
19th	O
ED	O
.	O

We	O
evaluated	O
the	O
proportion	O
of	O
SARI	O
/	O
ARDS	B-DISO
cases	O
and	O
deaths	B-PROC
due	O
to	O
influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
(	O
H1N1	O
)	O
pdm09	O
infection	B-DISO
and	O
the	O
impact	O
of	O
other	O
respiratory	O
viruses	B-SPEC
during	O
pandemic	O
and	O
postpandemic	O
period	O
(	O
2009	O
-	O
2011	O
)	O
in	O
northern	O
Italy	O
;	O
additionally	O
we	O
searched	O
for	O
unknown	O
viruses	B-SPEC
in	O
those	O
cases	O
for	O
which	O
diagnosis	O
remained	O
negative	O
.	O

VIDISCA	O
-	O
454	O
enabled	O
the	O
identification	O
of	O
one	O
previously	O
undiagnosed	O
measles	B-PATH
infection	B-DISO
.	O

Different	O
kinds	O
of	O
DNA	O
vaccines	O
are	O
investigated	O
to	O
provide	O
protection	O
against	O
respiratory	O
infectious	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
including	O
tuberculosis	B-PATH
,	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
,	O
influenza	B-DISO
and	O
respiratory	B-SPEC
syncytial	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
RSV	B-SPEC
)	O
etc	O
.	O

All	O
samples	O
tested	O
negative	O
for	O
HEV	B-SPEC
,	O
RV	O
and	O
Salmonella	B-DISO
,	O
whereas	O
E	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
coli	I-SPEC
and	O
the	O
highly	O
stable	O
porcine	B-PRGE
circovirus	I-PRGE
type	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
(	O
PCV2	O
)	O
were	O
detected	O
in	O
eight	O
and	O
12	O
samples	O
,	O
respectively	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Microorganisms	O
in	O
respiratory	B-ANAT
tract	I-ANAT
of	O
patients	O
diagnosed	O
with	O
atypical	B-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
:	O
results	O
of	O
a	O
research	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
reverse	O
transcription	O
polymerase	O
chain	O
reaction	O
(	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
)	O
DNA	O
microarray	O
method	O
and	O
enzyme	O
-	O
linked	O
immunosorbent	O
assay	O
.	O

Results	O
indicated	O
presence	O
of	O
infectious	B-DISO
PEDV	B-SPEC
in	O
the	O
air	B-CHED
from	O
experimentally	O
infected	O
pigs	B-SPEC
and	O
genetic	O
material	O
of	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
was	O
detected	O
up	O
to	O
10	O
miles	O
downwind	O
from	O
naturally	O
infected	O
farms	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Pulmonary	B-ANAT
coccidioidomycosis	I-DISO
:	O
pictorial	O
review	O
of	O
chest	B-ANAT
radiographic	O
and	O
CT	O
findings	O
.	O

On	O
the	O
basis	O
of	O
clinical	O
presentation	O
and	O
imaging	O
abnormalities	O
,	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
involvement	I-DISO
is	O
categorized	O
into	O
acute	O
,	O
disseminated	O
,	O
and	O
chronic	O
forms	O
,	O
each	O
with	O
a	O
spectrum	O
of	O
imaging	O
findings	O
.	O

Pulmonary	B-ANAT
findings	O
are	O
miliary	O
nodules	B-DISO
and	O
confluent	O
parenchymal	O
opacities	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
surface	O
Spike	B-PRGE
(	I-PRGE
S	I-PRGE
)	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
is	O
a	O
major	O
antigenic	B-CHED
determinant	I-CHED
in	O
eliciting	O
neutralizing	O
antibody	B-PROC
production	I-PROC
during	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
CoV	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Dissecting	O
virus	B-SPEC
entry	O
:	O
replication	O
-	O
independent	O
analysis	O
of	O
virus	B-SPEC
binding	B-FUNC
,	O
internalization	O
,	O
and	O
penetration	O
using	O
minimal	O
complementation	O
of	O
β	O
-	O
galactosidase	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Studies	O
of	O
viral	O
entry	B-PROC
into	I-PROC
host	I-PROC
cells	B-COMP
often	O
rely	O
on	O
the	O
detection	O
of	O
post	O
-	O
entry	O
parameters	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
viral	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
or	O
the	O
expression	B-PROC
of	O
a	O
reporter	O
gene	O
,	O
rather	O
than	O
on	O
measuring	O
entry	O
per	O
se	O
.	O

Here	O
we	O
use	O
it	O
to	O
confirm	O
and	O
extend	O
current	O
knowledge	O
on	O
the	O
entry	O
process	O
of	O
two	O
enveloped	O
viruses	O
:	O
vesicular	B-SPEC
stomatitis	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
VSV	O
)	O
and	O
murine	B-DISO
hepatitis	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MHV	B-SPEC
).	O

Serum	B-COMP
albumin	B-PRGE
(	O
OR	O
,	O
0	O
.	O
52	O
;	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
,	O
0	O
.	O
31	O
-	O
0	O
.	O
87	O
)	O
and	O
Acute	O
Physiology	O
and	O
Chronic	O
Health	O
Evaluation	O
II	O
score	O
(	O
OR	O
,	O
1	O
.	O
08	O
;	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
,	O
1	O
.	O
04	O
-	O
1	O
.	O
13	O
)	O
on	O
admission	O
were	O
the	O
most	O
informative	O
covariates	O
for	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
in	O
the	O
regression	O
model	O
.	O

Studies	O
were	O
commonly	O
of	O
low	O
or	O
very	O
low	O
quality	O
,	O
lacked	O
control	O
groups	O
,	O
and	O
at	O
moderate	O
or	O
high	O
risk	O
of	O
bias	B-SPEC
.	O

Camelids	O
may	O
represent	O
mixing	O
vessels	B-ANAT
for	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
and	O
other	O
mammalian	B-SPEC
CoVs	O
.	O

Epidemiological	O
and	O
genomic	O
studies	O
show	O
zoonotic	O
transmission	O
to	O
humans	B-SPEC
from	O
camels	B-SPEC
and	O
possibly	O
bats	B-SPEC
.	O

In	O
contrast	O
to	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
pandemic	O
,	O
very	O
limited	O
global	O
spread	O
of	O
fatal	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
has	O
occurred	O
outside	O
the	O
Arabian	O
Peninsula	O
.	O

Extracorporeal	O
carbon	B-CHED
dioxide	I-CHED
removal	O
(	O
ECCO₂R	O
)	O
devices	O
allow	O
uncoupling	O
of	O
ventilation	O
from	O
oxygenation	B-PROC
,	O
thereby	O
removing	O
carbon	B-CHED
dioxide	I-CHED
and	O
facilitating	O
lower	O
tidal	O
volume	O
ventilation	O
.	O

We	O
performed	O
a	O
systematic	O
review	O
to	O
assess	O
efficacy	O
,	O
complication	B-DISO
rates	O
,	O
and	O
utility	O
of	O
ECCO₂R	O
devices	O
.	O

Interestingly	O
,	O
the	O
poly	O
(	O
A	O
)	O
tail	O
length	O
variation	O
was	O
similarly	O
found	O
in	O
the	O
avirulent	O
IBV	B-SPEC
strain	O
H120	O
in	O
CEK	O
cells	B-COMP
,	O
although	O
the	O
overall	O
poly	O
(	O
A	O
)	O
tail	O
length	O
was	O
shorter	O
for	O
this	O
virus	B-SPEC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Respiratory	O
viruses	B-SPEC
infections	B-DISO
caused	O
by	O
influenza	B-SPEC
viruses	I-SPEC
,	O
human	B-SPEC
parainfluenza	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
hPIV	O
),	O
respiratory	B-SPEC
syncytial	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
RSV	B-SPEC
)	O
and	O
coronaviruses	O
are	O
an	O
eminent	O
threat	O
for	O
public	O
health	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
there	O
are	O
some	O
practical	O
and	O
regulatory	O
issues	O
that	O
need	O
to	O
be	O
addressed	O
in	O
order	B-SPEC
to	O
develop	O
MVA	B-CHED
-	O
based	O
vaccines	O
on	O
short	O
notice	O
at	O
the	O
verge	O
of	O
a	O
pandemic	O
.	O

We	O
then	O
conducted	O
100	O
-	O
ns	O
molecular	B-PROC
dynamics	I-PROC
(	O
MD	O
)	O
simulations	O
for	O
both	O
STI	O
/	O
A	O
and	O
WT	O
,	O
the	O
longest	O
reported	O
so	O
far	O
for	O
3CLpro	O
.	O

Most	O
strikingly	O
,	O
the	O
N214A	O
mutation	O
globally	O
decouples	O
this	O
network	O
while	O
the	O
STI	B-PRGE
/	I-PRGE
A	I-PRGE
mutation	I-PRGE
alters	O
the	O
correlation	O
pattern	O
.	O

From	O
2002	O
to	O
2011	O
,	O
surveillance	O
of	O
enteric	O
pathogens	O
was	O
performed	O
in	O
cows	B-SPEC
of	O
various	O
breed	B-PROC
and	O
age	O
from	O
302	O
farms	O
in	O
which	O
diarrhea	B-DISO
had	O
occurred	O
in	O
Yamagata	O
Prefecture	O
,	O
Japan	O
.	O

Clinical	O
symptoms	O
(	O
duration	O
of	O
epidemic	O
,	O
hematochezia	O
and	O
complications	O
)	O
caused	O
by	O
bovine	B-SPEC
rotavirus	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
were	O
milder	O
than	O
those	O
caused	O
by	O
bovine	B-SPEC
coronavirus	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Between	O
April	O
2012	O
and	O
June	O
2014	O
,	O
820	O
laboratory	O
-	O
confirmed	O
cases	O
of	O
the	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
have	O
been	O
reported	O
in	O
the	O
Arabian	O
Peninsula	O
,	O
Europe	O
,	O
North	O
Africa	O
,	O
Southeast	O
Asia	O
,	O
the	O
Middle	O
East	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
United	O
States	O
.	O

Efforts	O
to	O
minimize	O
bloodstream	B-PROC
infections	B-DISO
during	O
the	O
resuscitation	O
must	O
be	O
increased	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
analyze	O
the	O
effects	O
of	O
treatment	O
approach	O
on	O
the	O
outcomes	O
of	O
newborns	O
(	O
birth	B-PROC
weight	O
[	O
BW	O
]	O
<	O
1	O
,	O
000	O
g	O
)	O
with	O
patent	B-DISO
ductus	I-DISO
arteriosus	I-DISO
(	O
PDA	B-DISO
),	O
from	O
the	O
Brazilian	O
Neonatal	O
Research	O
Network	O
(	O
BNRN	O
)	O
on	O
:	O
death	B-PROC
,	O
bronchopulmonary	B-DISO
dysplasia	I-DISO
(	O
BPD	B-DISO
),	O
severe	O
intraventricular	B-DISO
hemorrhage	I-DISO
(	O
IVH	O
III	O
/	O
IV	O
),	O
retinopathy	B-DISO
of	I-DISO
prematurity	I-DISO
requiring	O
surgical	O
(	O
ROPsur	O
),	O
necrotizing	B-DISO
enterocolitis	I-DISO
requiring	O
surgery	O
(	O
NECsur	O
),	O
and	O
death	B-PROC
/	O
BPD	B-DISO
.	O

This	O
was	O
a	O
multicentric	O
,	O
cohort	O
study	O
,	O
retrospective	O
data	O
collection	O
,	O
including	O
newborns	O
(	O
BW	O
<	O
1000	O
g	O
)	O
with	O
gestational	O
age	O
(	O
GA	O
)	O
<	O
33	O
weeks	O
and	O
echocardiographic	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
PDA	B-DISO
,	O
from	O
16	O
neonatal	O
units	O
of	O
the	O
BNRN	O
from	O
January	O
1	O
,	O
2010	O
to	O
Dec	B-CHED
31	O
,	O
2011	O
.	O

death	B-PROC
,	O
O2	O
dependence	B-DISO
at	O
36	O
weeks	O
(	O
BPD36wks	O
),	O
IVH	B-PRGE
III	I-PRGE
/	I-PRGE
IV	I-PRGE
,	O
ROPsur	O
,	O
NECsur	O
,	O
and	O
death	B-PROC
/	O
BPD36wks	O
.	O

A	O
secondary	O
analysis	O
of	O
a	O
multicenter	O
prospective	O
cohort	O
conducted	O
in	O
45	O
Brazilian	O
ICUs	O
,	O
including	O
adult	O
patients	O
requiring	O
ventilatory	O
support	O
and	O
sedation	B-DISO
in	O
the	O
first	O
48	O
hours	O
of	O
ICU	O
admissions	O
,	O
was	O
performed	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Detection	O
of	O
the	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
genome	O
in	O
an	O
air	B-CHED
sample	O
originating	O
from	O
a	O
camel	O
barn	O
owned	O
by	O
an	O
infected	O
patient	O
.	O

On	O
the	O
other	O
hand	O
,	O
serological	O
and	O
virological	O
data	O
suggest	O
dromedary	B-SPEC
camels	B-SPEC
as	O
the	O
potential	O
animal	B-SPEC
reservoirs	O
of	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
.	O
Recently	O
,	O
we	O
isolated	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
from	O
a	O
camel	B-SPEC
and	O
its	O
infected	O
owner	O
and	O
provided	O
evidence	O
for	O
the	O
direct	O
transmission	O
of	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
from	O
the	O
infected	O
camel	B-SPEC
to	O
the	O
patient	O
.	O

Indeed	O
,	O
the	O
S1	O
sequence	O
of	O
the	O
IBV	B-SPEC
population	O
previously	O
designated	O
C4	O
(	O
AdIBVS1	O
.	O
C4	O
),	O
which	O
protected	O
the	O
most	O
poorly	O
,	O
differs	O
from	O
the	O
S1	O
sequence	O
of	O
population	O
C2	O
(	O
AdIBVS1	O
.	O
C2	O
),	O
which	O
provided	O
the	O
highest	O
protection	O
,	O
only	O
at	O
amino	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
position	O
56	O
.	O

Moreover	O
,	O
increased	O
numbers	O
of	O
both	O
IgA	B-PRGE
and	O
IgG	B-PRGE
IBV	B-SPEC
-	O
specific	O
antibody	B-COMP
secreting	B-PROC
lymphocytes	B-ANAT
were	O
detected	O
in	O
the	O
spleen	B-ANAT
after	O
challenge	O
.	O

The	O
increased	O
response	O
detected	O
for	O
both	O
IgA	B-PRGE
and	O
IgG	B-PRGE
lymphocytes	B-ANAT
after	O
challenge	O
might	O
be	O
explained	O
by	O
vaccine	O
-	O
induced	O
B	O
memory	B-ANAT
cells	B-COMP
.	O

The	O
fact	O
that	O
a	O
single	O
vaccination	O
with	O
Ad	O
/	O
IBVS1	O
.	O
C2	O
provides	O
protection	O
against	O
IBV	B-SPEC
challenge	O
is	O
promising	O
,	O
because	O
Ad	O
-	O
vectored	O
vaccines	O
can	O
be	O
mass	O
delivered	O
by	O
in	O
ovo	B-SPEC
inoculation	O
using	O
automated	O
in	O
ovo	B-SPEC
injectors	O
.	O

To	O
test	O
this	O
hypothesis	O
,	O
chickens	B-SPEC
were	O
ocularly	O
vaccinated	O
with	O
a	O
commercially	O
available	O
live	O
attenuated	O
IBV	B-SPEC
Ark	O
-	O
Delmarva	O
Poultry	O
Industry	O
vaccine	O
strain	O
and	O
both	O
mucosal	B-ANAT
and	O
systemic	O
antibody	B-PROC
responses	I-PROC
were	O
measured	O
.	O

Interestingly	O
,	O
the	O
peak	O
IgA	B-PRGE
SFC	I-PRGE
response	O
occurred	O
2	O
days	O
earlier	O
in	O
spleen	B-ANAT
than	O
in	O
the	O
head	B-ANAT
-	O
associated	O
lymphoid	B-ANAT
tissues	I-ANAT
despite	O
ocular	B-PROC
vaccination	O
.	O

IgA	B-COMP
antibody	I-COMP
levels	O
were	O
higher	O
than	O
IgG	B-COMP
antibody	I-COMP
levels	O
throughout	O
the	O
primary	O
response	O
in	O
tears	B-ANAT
and	O
were	O
similar	O
in	O
magnitude	O
in	O
plasma	B-ANAT
.	O

This	O
early	O
increase	O
is	O
consistent	O
with	O
a	O
mucosal	B-ANAT
T	O
-	O
independent	O
IgA	B-PRGE
response	O
to	O
IBV	B-SPEC
.	O

In	O
summary	O
,	O
ocular	B-PROC
vaccination	O
induced	O
higher	O
IgA	B-PRGE
antibodies	I-PRGE
in	O
the	O
primary	O
IBV	B-SPEC
response	O
,	O
while	O
the	O
memory	B-PROC
response	O
is	O
dominated	O
by	O
IgG	B-PRGE
antibodies	I-PRGE
.	O

This	O
report	O
details	O
the	O
subsequent	O
sequence	O
and	O
phylogenetic	O
analysis	O
of	O
the	O
TCoV	B-PRGE
spike	I-PRGE
glycoprotein	I-PRGE
and	O
the	O
comparison	O
of	O
outbreak	O
-	O
associated	O
isolates	O
to	O
sequences	O
in	O
the	O
public	O
database	O
.	O

We	O
evaluated	O
a	O
simple	O
method	O
of	O
processing	O
sputum	B-ANAT
samples	O
in	O
a	O
fully	O
automated	O
respiratory	O
viral	O
panel	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
assay	O
(	O
FilmArray	O
).	O

Archived	O
sputum	B-ANAT
and	O
NTS	B-ANAT
samples	O
collected	O
in	O
2008	O
-	O
2012	O
from	O
hospitalized	O
adults	O
with	O
RTI	B-DISO
were	O
evaluated	O
.	O

Quantitative	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
revealed	O
higher	O
mean	O
viral	O
loads	O
in	O
dunked	O
sputum	B-ANAT
samples	O
compared	O
to	O
NTS	B-ANAT
samples	O
for	O
Flu	B-PRGE
A	I-PRGE
,	O
RSV	B-SPEC
,	O
and	O
HMPV	B-SPEC
(	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
0001	O
,	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
006	O
,	O
and	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
011	O
,	O
respectively	O
).	O

However	O
,	O
the	O
anti	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
SARS	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
antibody	B-PROC
response	I-PROC
is	O
short	O
-	O
lived	O
in	O
patients	O
who	O
have	O
recovered	O
from	O
SARS	B-DISO
,	O
making	O
it	O
critical	O
to	O
develop	O
additional	O
vaccine	O
strategies	O
.	O

Proteolytic	B-PROC
activation	O
of	O
MERS	O
-	O
S	O
during	O
viral	O
uptake	O
into	O
target	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
has	O
been	O
demonstrated	O
.	O

Here	O
,	O
we	O
show	O
that	O
MERS	O
-	O
S	O
is	O
processed	O
by	O
proprotein	O
convertases	O
in	O
MERS	O
-	O
S	O
-	O
transfected	O
and	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
-	O
infected	O
cells	B-COMP
and	O
that	O
several	O
RXXR	O
motifs	O
located	O
at	O
the	O
border	B-ANAT
between	O
the	O
surface	O
and	O
transmembrane	B-COMP
subunit	O
of	O
MERS	O
-	O
S	O
are	O
required	O
for	O
efficient	O
proteolysis	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
blockade	O
of	O
proprotein	O
convertases	O
did	O
not	O
impact	O
MERS	O
-	O
S	O
-	O
dependent	O
transduction	B-PROC
of	O
target	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
expressing	O
high	O
amounts	O
of	O
the	O
viral	O
receptor	O
,	O
DPP4	B-PRGE
,	O
and	O
did	O
not	O
modulate	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
infectivity	O
.	O

These	O
results	O
show	O
that	O
MERS	O
-	O
S	O
is	O
a	O
substrate	O
for	O
proprotein	O
convertases	O
and	O
demonstrate	O
that	O
processing	O
by	O
these	O
enzymes	O
is	O
dispensable	O
for	O
S	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
activation	O
.	O

Efforts	O
to	O
inhibit	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
infection	B-DISO
by	O
targeting	B-PROC
host	B-COMP
cell	I-COMP
proteases	O
should	O
therefore	O
focus	O
on	O
enzymes	O
that	O
process	O
MERS	O
-	O
S	O
during	O
viral	O
uptake	O
into	O
target	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Characterization	O
of	O
oleic	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
-	O
induced	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
model	O
in	O
rat	B-SPEC
.	O

At	O
the	O
end	O
,	O
lungs	B-ANAT
were	O
excised	O
for	O
determination	O
of	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
water	B-CHED
content	O
and	O
histological	O
examination	O
.	O

Retained	O
organisms	O
were	O
eluted	O
from	O
the	O
filters	O
by	O
passing	O
beef	O
extract	O
-	O
glycine	B-CHED
buffer	B-CHED
(	O
pH	O
9	O
.	O
5	O
)	O
in	O
the	O
direction	O
opposite	O
of	O
sample	O
flow	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Immunogenicity	O
,	O
safety	O
and	O
tolerability	O
of	O
a	O
bivalent	O
human	B-SPEC
papillomavirus	I-SPEC
vaccine	O
in	O
adolescents	O
with	O
juvenile	O
idiopathic	O
arthritis	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
evaluate	O
the	O
immunogenicity	O
,	O
safety	O
and	O
tolerability	O
of	O
the	O
bivalent	O
HPV	O
vaccine	O
in	O
female	O
patients	O
with	O
juvenile	B-DISO
idiopathic	I-DISO
arthritis	I-DISO
(	O
JIA	O
).	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Despite	O
the	O
increasing	O
knowledge	O
on	O
the	O
role	O
of	O
viruses	B-SPEC
in	O
exacerbations	O
of	O
COPD	B-DISO
(	O
AECOPD	O
),	O
it	O
is	O
less	O
clear	O
which	O
viruses	B-SPEC
are	O
involved	O
and	O
to	O
what	O
extent	O
they	O
contribute	O
to	O
exacerbations	O
.	O

Seven	O
of	O
the	O
eight	O
analyzed	O
viruses	B-SPEC
had	O
a	O
higher	O
prevalence	O
in	O
LRT	B-ANAT
samples	O
.	O

Compared	O
to	O
venoarterial	O
ECMO	O
,	O
in	O
VV	O
-	O
ECMO	O
,	O
the	O
rate	O
of	O
complications	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
thrombosis	B-DISO
,	O
bleeding	B-DISO
,	O
infection	B-DISO
and	O
ischemic	O
events	O
,	O
is	O
lower	O
.	O

Quantitative	O
-	O
PCR	O
and	O
immunofluorescence	O
staining	O
results	O
indicate	O
that	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
is	O
capable	O
of	O
replication	O
in	O
HL	O
-	O
CZ	O
cells	B-COMP
,	O
and	O
of	O
displaying	O
virus	B-SPEC
-	O
induced	O
cytopathic	B-DISO
effects	I-DISO
and	O
increased	O
levels	O
of	O
TNF	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
α	I-PRGE
,	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
4	I-FUNC
and	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
6	I-FUNC
two	O
days	O
post	O
-	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

Hospital	O
outbreak	O
and	O
nosocomial	O
transmission	O
were	O
reported	O
,	O
however	O
,	O
several	O
issues	O
remain	O
on	O
the	O
viral	O
excretion	B-PROC
course	O
.	O

After	O
the	O
initial	O
diagnosis	O
,	O
blood	B-ANAT
,	O
urine	B-ANAT
,	O
rectal	O
and	O
respiratory	B-ANAT
samples	I-ANAT
were	O
collected	O
regularly	O
,	O
aliquoted	O
and	O
stored	O
at	O
-	O
80	O
°	O
C	O
.	O

Tracheal	O
aspirations	O
were	O
positive	O
until	O
the	O
33rd	O
day	O
,	O
while	O
nasopharyngeal	B-ANAT
swabs	O
were	O
negative	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Heat	O
inactivation	B-DISO
of	O
the	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
.	O

Budd	O
-	O
Chiari	O
-	O
like	O
syndrome	O
is	O
a	O
rare	O
phenomenon	O
in	O
veterinary	O
medicine	B-CHED
,	O
and	O
congenital	B-DISO
malformations	I-DISO
should	O
be	O
considered	O
in	O
young	O
feline	B-SPEC
patients	O
with	O
ascites	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Israeli	O
acute	O
paralysis	O
virus	O
(	O
IAPV	O
)	O
is	O
a	O
widespread	O
RNA	O
virus	B-SPEC
of	O
honey	B-SPEC
bees	I-SPEC
that	O
has	O
been	O
linked	O
with	O
colony	O
losses	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
It	O
has	O
been	O
demonstrated	O
that	O
,	O
in	O
addition	O
to	O
genomic	O
RNA	O
,	O
sgmRNA	O
is	O
able	O
to	O
serve	O
as	O
a	O
template	O
for	O
the	O
synthesis	B-PROC
of	O
the	O
negative	O
-	O
strand	O
[(-)-	O
strand	O
]	O
complement	O
.	O

(	O
1	O
)	O
Deletion	O
of	O
the	O
5	O
'-	O
terminal	O
leader	O
sequence	O
on	O
sgmRNA	O
7	O
decreased	O
the	O
synthesis	B-PROC
of	O
the	O
(-)-	O
strand	O
sgmRNA	O
complement	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Crystallization	O
and	O
preliminary	O
crystallographic	O
study	O
of	O
human	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
NL63	I-SPEC
main	I-PRGE
protease	I-PRGE
in	O
complex	O
with	O
an	O
inhibitor	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Human	B-PRGE
coronavirus	I-PRGE
NL63	I-PRGE
mainly	O
infects	O
younger	O
children	O
and	O
causes	O
cough	B-DISO
,	O
fever	B-PROC
,	O
rhinorrhoea	B-DISO
,	O
bronchiolitis	B-DISO
and	O
croup	B-DISO
.	O

Each	O
polyprotein	O
undergoes	O
extensive	O
proteolytic	B-PROC
processing	I-PROC
,	O
resulting	O
in	O
functional	O
subunits	O
.	O

This	O
process	O
is	O
mainly	O
mediated	O
by	O
its	O
genome	O
-	O
encoded	O
main	O
protease	O
,	O
which	O
is	O
an	O
attractive	O
target	O
for	O
antiviral	B-CHED
drug	I-CHED
design	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
A	O
27	O
-	O
year	O
-	O
old	O
man	B-CHED
suddenly	O
died	B-PROC
in	O
hospital	O
of	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
secondary	O
to	O
severe	O
systemic	O
vasculitis	B-DISO
.	O

Multi	O
-	O
phase	O
post	O
-	O
mortem	O
computed	O
tomography	O
angiography	O
followed	O
by	O
scientific	O
autopsy	O
of	O
the	O
thoracic	B-DISO
and	O
abdominal	B-ANAT
cavity	I-ANAT
and	O
histology	O
was	O
performed	O
,	O
illustrating	O
the	O
advantages	O
and	O
drawbacks	O
of	O
such	O
techniques	O
.	O

MPMCTA	O
revealed	O
absence	O
of	O
opacification	O
of	O
the	O
left	B-ANAT
middle	I-ANAT
cerebral	I-ANAT
artery	I-ANAT
.	O

Here	O
,	O
we	O
determined	O
the	O
entry	O
mechanism	O
of	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
into	O
Vero	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
recent	O
onset	O
of	O
epidemics	O
caused	O
by	O
viruses	O
such	O
as	O
Ebola	O
,	O
Marburg	O
,	O
Nipah	O
,	O
Lassa	O
,	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
,	O
West	O
-	O
Nile	O
encephalitis	B-DISO
,	I-DISO
Saint	I-DISO
Louis	I-DISO
encephalitis	B-DISO
,	O
human	B-DISO
immunodeficiency	I-DISO
virus	I-DISO
,	O
dengue	B-DISO
,	O
yellow	B-DISO
fever	I-DISO
and	O
Venezuelan	B-DISO
hemorrhagic	I-DISO
fever	I-DISO
alerts	O
about	O
the	O
risk	O
these	O
agents	O
represent	O
for	O
the	O
global	O
health	O
.	O

Although	O
chikungunya	B-DISO
infection	B-DISO
has	O
a	O
low	O
mortality	O
rate	O
,	O
its	O
high	O
attack	O
ratio	O
may	O
collapse	B-DISO
the	O
health	O
system	O
during	O
epidemics	O
affecting	O
a	O
sensitive	O
population	O
.	O

Because	O
of	O
the	O
high	O
sequence	O
homology	O
among	O
FCoV	O
,	O
CCoV	O
,	O
and	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
,	O
a	O
nucleotide	B-CHED
preceding	O
the	O
last	O
pair	O
of	O
dissimilar	O
nucleotides	B-CHED
in	O
S3	O
and	O
S4	O
was	O
substituted	O
with	O
an	O
inosine	B-CHED
to	O
allow	O
primer	O
binding	B-FUNC
.	O

The	O
respiratory	O
viruses	B-SPEC
detected	O
using	O
a	O
multiplex	O
real	O
-	O
time	O
-	O
polymerase	O
chain	O
reaction	O
kit	B-FUNC
were	O
influenza	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
A	O
/	O
H1N1	O
,	O
A	O
/	O
H3N2	B-CHED
,	O
A	O
/	O
H5N1	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
B	O
),	O
adenovirus	B-DISO
,	O
parainfluenza	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
type	O
1	O
,	O
2	O
,	O
3	O
),	O
respiratory	B-SPEC
syncytial	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
type	O
A	O
,	O
B	O
),	O
human	B-SPEC
rhinovirus	I-SPEC
,	O
human	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
(	O
OC43	O
/	O
229E	O
,	O
NL63	O
),	O
human	B-SPEC
bocavirus	I-SPEC
,	O
and	O
enterovirus	B-SPEC
.	O

The	O
most	O
commonly	O
detected	O
virus	B-SPEC
was	O
human	B-SPEC
rhinovirus	I-SPEC
(	O
32	O
.	O
6	O
%),	O
followed	O
by	O
influenza	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
26	O
.	O
8	O
%).	O

In	O
particular	O
,	O
human	B-SPEC
bocavirus	I-SPEC
and	O
enterovirus	B-SPEC
have	O
significant	O
correlations	O
with	O
monthly	O
patterns	O
of	O
KD	O
occurrence	O
(	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
032	O
and	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
007	O
,	O
respectively	O
)	O
and	O
influenza	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
correlated	O
with	O
KD	O
occurrence	O
with	O
borderline	O
significance	O
(	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
063	O
).	O

In	O
contrast	O
,	O
MERS	O
is	O
relatively	O
inefficiently	O
transmitted	B-DISO
to	O
humans	B-SPEC
but	O
has	O
a	O
high	O
mortality	O
rate	O
.	O

These	O
data	O
are	O
consistent	O
with	O
observations	O
in	O
MS	O
that	O
axonal	O
damage	O
or	O
Wallerian	B-DISO
degeneration	I-DISO
is	O
occurring	O
within	O
the	O
CNS	B-CHED
contributing	O
to	O
the	O
disability	O
and	O
disease	O
severity	O
.	O

Ninety	O
percent	O
of	O
the	O
complications	O
were	O
related	O
to	O
transient	O
hypoxemia	O
,	O
whereas	O
bradycardia	B-DISO
and	O
hypotension	O
each	O
occurred	O
in	O
1	O
patient	O
.	O

The	O
mean	O
Acute	O
Physiology	O
and	O
Chronic	O
Health	O
Evaluation	O
score	O
was	O
22	O
(±	O
7	O
.	O
5	O
),	O
whereas	O
the	O
median	O
Sequential	O
Organ	B-DISO
Failure	I-DISO
Assessment	O
score	O
was	O
9	O
(	O
interquartile	O
range	O
,	O
5	O
-	O
12	O
).	O

Quantitative	O
PCR	O
studies	O
and	O
fluorescence	O
-	O
activated	O
cell	B-COMP
sorting	B-PROC
(	O
FACS	O
)	O
analyses	O
showed	O
that	O
RDS1759	O
selectively	O
inhibited	O
reverse	B-PROC
transcription	I-PROC
in	O
cell	B-COMP
-	O
based	O
assays	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Coronavirus	B-SPEC
virulence	B-PROC
genes	O
with	O
main	O
focus	O
on	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
envelope	B-COMP
gene	I-PRGE
.	O

Nevertheless	O
,	O
CoVs	O
have	O
evolved	O
viral	O
proteins	B-CHED
that	O
target	O
different	O
signaling	B-PROC
pathways	B-PROC
to	O
counteract	O
innate	B-DISO
immune	I-DISO
responses	I-DISO
.	O

Key	O
CoV	O
proteins	B-CHED
involved	O
in	O
the	O
regulation	B-PROC
of	O
these	O
pathways	B-PROC
and	O
the	O
proinflammatory	O
immune	B-PROC
response	I-PROC
are	O
revisited	O
in	O
this	O
manuscript	O
.	O

In	O
fact	O
,	O
after	O
infection	B-DISO
with	O
viruses	B-SPEC
in	O
which	O
this	O
protein	B-CHED
has	O
been	O
deleted	O
,	O
increased	O
cellular	B-DISO
stress	I-DISO
and	O
unfolded	B-PROC
protein	I-PROC
responses	I-PROC
,	O
apoptosis	B-PATH
,	O
and	O
augmented	O
host	B-COMP
immune	B-PROC
responses	I-PROC
were	O
observed	O
.	O

In	O
contrast	O
,	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
E	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
activated	O
a	O
pathogenic	O
inflammatory	B-DISO
response	I-DISO
that	O
may	O
cause	O
death	B-PROC
in	O
animal	B-SPEC
models	O
and	O
in	O
humans	B-SPEC
.	O

Although	O
E	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
is	O
not	O
essential	O
for	O
CoV	O
genome	O
replication	O
or	O
subgenomic	O
mRNA	B-PROC
synthesis	I-PROC
,	O
it	O
affects	O
virus	B-SPEC
morphogenesis	B-PROC
,	O
budding	B-PATH
,	O
assembly	O
,	O
intracellular	B-COMP
trafficking	B-PROC
,	O
and	O
virulence	B-PROC
.	O

These	O
results	O
indicate	O
that	O
macropinocytosis	B-PROC
likely	O
facilitates	O
CoV	O
infection	B-DISO
through	O
enhanced	O
cell	B-COMP
-	O
to	O
-	O
cell	B-COMP
spreading	O
.	O

Importance	O
:	O
Coronaviruses	O
(	O
CoVs	O
),	O
including	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
CoV	O
and	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
CoV	O
,	O
are	O
critical	O
emerging	O
human	B-SPEC
pathogens	O
.	O

Given	O
the	O
popularity	O
of	O
amlodipine	B-CHED
and	O
atenolol	B-CHED
as	O
antihypertensive	B-CHED
drugs	I-CHED
in	O
this	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
world	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
likely	O
that	O
more	O
such	O
cases	O
will	O
be	O
encountered	O
in	O
the	O
future	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
In	O
January	O
2014	O
,	O
approximately	O
9	O
months	O
following	O
the	O
initial	O
detection	O
of	O
porcine	B-SPEC
epidemic	B-DISO
diarrhea	I-DISO
(	O
PED	B-DISO
)	O
in	O
the	O
USA	O
,	O
the	O
first	O
case	O
of	O
PED	B-DISO
was	O
confirmed	O
in	O
a	O
swine	B-SPEC
herd	O
in	O
south	O
-	O
western	O
Ontario	O
.	O

These	O
findings	O
led	O
us	O
to	O
conduct	B-PROC
a	O
bioassay	O
experiment	O
in	O
which	O
three	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
-	O
positive	O
SDPP	O
samples	O
(	O
from	O
a	O
single	O
lot	O
)	O
and	O
two	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
-	O
positive	O
feed	O
samples	O
supplemented	O
with	O
this	O
SDPP	O
were	O
used	O
to	O
orally	O
inoculate	O
3	O
-	O
week	O
-	O
old	O
piglets	O
.	O

The	O
standard	O
therapy	O
for	O
SS	O
is	O
systemic	O
corticosteroids	B-CHED
.	O

Histopathological	O
examination	O
suggested	O
perivascular	O
neutrophilic	B-PROC
infiltration	B-DISO
with	O
scattered	O
eosinophils	B-ANAT
.	O

However	O
,	O
the	O
selection	O
and	O
consequences	O
of	O
inhibitor	B-CHED
-	O
resistant	O
CoVs	O
are	O
unknown	O
.	O

Overall	O
,	O
our	O
study	O
provides	O
the	O
first	O
analysis	O
of	O
the	O
low	O
barrier	O
but	O
high	O
cost	O
of	O
resistance	B-PROC
to	O
a	O
CoV	O
3CLpro	O
inhibitor	B-CHED
,	O
which	O
will	O
facilitate	O
the	O
further	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
protease	B-PROC
inhibitors	I-PROC
as	O
anti	O
-	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
therapeutics	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
this	O
PLpro	O
inhibitor	B-CHED
was	O
not	O
sufficient	O
to	O
protect	O
the	O
mice	B-SPEC
from	O
lethal	O
infection	B-DISO
with	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
MA15	I-PRGE
,	O
suggesting	O
that	O
further	O
optimization	O
of	O
the	O
delivery	O
and	O
stability	O
of	O
PLpro	O
inhibitors	B-CHED
is	O
needed	O
.	O

Furthermore	O
,	O
we	O
demonstrate	O
that	O
the	O
chimeric	O
-	O
virus	B-SPEC
system	O
can	O
be	O
adapted	O
to	O
study	O
the	O
proteases	O
of	O
emerging	O
human	B-SPEC
pathogens	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
.	O

On	O
DOI	O
11	O
,	O
he	O
presented	O
to	O
an	O
Indiana	O
hospital	O
as	O
dyspneic	O
,	O
hypoxic	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
with	O
a	O
right	B-ANAT
lower	I-ANAT
lobe	I-ANAT
infiltrate	B-DISO
on	O
chest	B-ANAT
radiography	O
.	O

These	O
cells	B-COMP
are	O
more	O
suppressive	O
than	O
bulk	O
Tregs	O
and	O
provide	O
a	O
targeted	B-PROC
approach	O
to	O
ameliorating	O
immunopathological	O
disease	O
in	O
infectious	B-DISO
settings	O
.	O

The	O
RT	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
LAMP	I-PRGE
assay	O
was	O
capable	O
of	O
detecting	O
as	O
few	O
as	O
3	O
.	O
4	O
copies	O
of	O
MERS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
RNA	I-PRGE
,	O
and	O
was	O
highly	O
specific	O
,	O
with	O
no	O
cross	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
reaction	I-PROC
to	O
other	O
respiratory	O
viruses	B-SPEC
.	O

To	O
increase	O
the	O
understanding	O
of	O
the	O
mechanisms	O
involved	O
in	O
these	O
processes	O
,	O
we	O
focused	O
on	O
the	O
evaluation	O
of	O
local	O
inflammatory	O
and	O
cell	B-COMP
-	O
mediated	O
immune	B-PROC
responses	I-PROC
after	O
challenge	O
with	O
the	O
M41	O
strain	O
of	O
IBV	B-SPEC
,	O
associating	O
these	O
responses	O
with	O
pathologic	O
changes	O
in	O
the	O
tracheal	B-ANAT
mucosa	I-ANAT
.	O

At	O
24	O
h	O
post	O
-	O
infection	B-DISO
,	O
inflammatory	O
cytokines	O
related	O
genes	O
were	O
significantly	O
upregulated	O
,	O
including	O
peaks	O
of	O
TNFSF15	B-PRGE
and	O
TGFβ	B-PRGE
mRNA	I-PRGE
production	O
,	O
although	O
no	O
tracheal	O
microscopic	O
alterations	O
were	O
observed	O
and	O
only	O
a	O
slightly	O
increase	O
in	O
viral	O
load	O
occurred	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Mounting	O
reports	O
on	O
severe	O
Plasmodium	O
vivax	O
malaria	B-PATH
from	O
across	O
the	O
globe	B-ANAT
have	O
raised	O
concerns	O
among	O
the	O
scientific	O
community	O
.	O

A	O
Phase	O
2b	O
/	O
3	O
clinical	O
trial	O
recently	O
published	O
in	O
The	O
Lancet	O
Infectious	B-DISO
Diseases	I-DISO
found	O
that	O
oral	B-ANAT
administration	O
of	O
nitazoxanide	O
600mg	O
twice	O
daily	O
for	O
five	O
days	O
reduced	O
the	O
duration	O
of	O
clinical	O
symptoms	O
and	O
reduced	O
viral	B-DISO
shedding	I-DISO
compared	O
to	O
placebo	O
in	O
persons	O
with	O
laboratory	O
-	O
confirmed	O
influenza	B-DISO
.	O

From	O
a	O
chemical	O
perspective	O
,	O
nitazoxanide	O
is	O
the	O
scaffold	O
for	O
a	O
new	O
class	B-SPEC
of	O
drugs	O
called	O
thiazolides	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
over	O
the	O
last	O
decade	O
it	O
has	O
become	O
clear	O
that	O
aggressive	B-DISO
fluid	O
resuscitation	O
leading	O
to	O
fluid	B-DISO
overload	I-DISO
is	O
associated	O
with	O
increased	O
morbidity	O
and	O
mortality	O
across	O
a	O
diverse	O
group	O
of	O
patients	O
,	O
including	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	B-DISO
sepsis	I-DISO
as	O
well	O
as	O
elective	O
surgical	O
and	O
trauma	O
patients	O
and	O
those	O
with	O
pancreatitis	B-DISO
.	O

A	O
CVP	O
>	O
8	O
mmHg	O
has	O
been	O
demonstrated	O
to	O
decrease	O
microcirculatory	O
flow	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
renal	B-PROC
blood	B-ANAT
flow	I-PROC
and	O
is	O
associated	O
with	O
an	O
increased	O
risk	O
of	O
renal	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
and	O
death	B-PROC
.	O

This	O
paper	O
reviews	O
the	O
adverse	B-DISO
effects	I-DISO
of	O
large	O
volume	O
resuscitation	O
,	O
a	O
high	O
CVP	O
and	O
the	O
excessive	O
use	O
of	O
normal	O
saline	O
.	O

Results	O
of	O
a	O
meta	B-SPEC
-	O
analysis	O
using	O
individual	O
patient	O
data	O
from	O
three	O
randomized	O
controlled	O
trials	O
suggest	O
that	O
higher	O
PEEP	B-CHED
should	O
be	O
used	O
for	O
moderate	O
and	O
severe	O
ARDS	B-DISO
,	O
whereas	O
lower	O
PEEP	B-CHED
may	O
be	O
more	O
appropriate	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
mild	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Extracorporeal	O
support	O
for	O
severe	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Since	O
2008	O
,	O
severe	O
cases	O
of	O
emerging	O
human	O
adenovirus	B-DISO
type	O
55	O
(	O
HAdV	O
-	O
55	O
)	O
in	O
immunocompetent	O
adults	O
have	O
been	O
reported	O
sporadically	O
in	O
China	O
.	O

We	O
prospectively	O
collected	O
and	O
analyzed	O
clinical	O
,	O
laboratory	O
,	O
radiological	O
characteristics	O
,	O
sequential	O
tests	O
of	O
viral	O
load	O
in	O
respiratory	B-ANAT
tract	I-ANAT
and	O
blood	B-ANAT
,	O
treatments	O
and	O
outcomes	O
.	O

Mean	O
durations	O
from	O
onset	O
to	O
a	O
single	O
-	O
lobe	B-ANAT
consolidation	O
shown	O
on	O
chest	B-ANAT
X	O
-	O
rays	B-SPEC
(	O
CXRs	O
)	O
and	O
,	O
from	O
the	O
first	O
positive	O
CXR	O
to	O
bilateral	O
multilobar	O
lung	B-ANAT
infiltrates	B-DISO
,	O
were	O
2	O
days	O
and	O
4	O
.	O
8	O
days	O
,	O
respectively	O
.	O

Four	O
(	O
80	O
%)	O
of	O
the	O
five	O
patients	O
died	B-PROC
despite	O
receiving	O
appropriate	O
respiratory	O
support	O
.	O

Clinical	O
and	O
radiological	O
features	O
were	O
collected	O
in	O
83	O
patients	O
with	O
ILD	O
-	O
associated	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
(	O
ARF	B-DISO
).	O

Sequencing	O
analysis	O
of	O
the	O
spike	B-PRGE
(	I-PRGE
S	I-PRGE
)	I-PRGE
glycoprotein	I-PRGE
revealed	O
that	O
mutations	O
in	O
S	O
might	O
be	O
a	O
potential	O
determinant	O
of	O
auxiliary	O
targets	O
for	O
PEDV	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Porcine	B-SPEC
epidemic	I-SPEC
diarrhea	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
emerged	O
in	O
North	O
America	O
in	O
April	O
2013	O
and	O
has	O
since	O
been	O
identified	O
in	O
30	O
U	O
.	O
S	O
.	O
States	O
,	O
Canada	O
and	O
Mexico	O
.	O

The	O
aim	O
of	O
this	O
study	O
was	O
to	O
determine	O
the	O
infectivity	O
of	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
RNA	O
present	O
in	O
commercial	O
SDPP	O
.	O

Specifically	O
,	O
40	O
3	O
-	O
week	O
-	O
old	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
naïve	O
pigs	B-SPEC
were	O
randomly	O
assigned	O
to	O
one	O
of	O
five	O
treatment	O
groups	O
.	O

All	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
-	O
CONTROL	O
pigs	B-SPEC
began	O
shedding	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
in	O
feces	B-ANAT
by	O
dpi	B-PRGE
3	I-PRGE
and	O
seroconverted	O
between	O
dpi	O
7	O
and	O
14	O
,	O
whereas	O
pigs	B-SPEC
in	O
NEG	O
-	O
CONTROL	O
and	O
SDPP	O
-	O
CONTROL	O
groups	O
remained	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
RNA	O
negative	O
and	O
did	O
not	O
seroconvert	O
to	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
for	O
the	O
study	O
duration	O
.	O

Heliox	O
may	O
also	O
enhance	O
the	O
bronchodilating	O
effects	O
of	O
β	O
-	O
agonist	B-CHED
administration	O
for	O
acute	B-DISO
asthma	I-DISO
.	O

Nevertheless	O
,	O
many	O
of	O
these	O
genes	O
are	O
still	O
maintained	O
in	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
genome	O
under	O
selective	O
pressure	O
,	O
suggesting	O
that	O
they	O
might	O
play	O
a	O
very	O
important	O
role	O
in	O
the	O
survival	O
of	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
in	O
the	O
natural	O
environment	O
of	O
the	O
infected	O
host	B-COMP
.	O

The	O
most	O
common	O
risk	O
factor	O
was	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
[	O
50	O
(	O
71	O
%)].	O

Adjunct	O
therapies	O
used	O
in	O
our	O
patients	O
included	O
inhaled	B-PROC
nitric	B-CHED
oxide	I-CHED
[	O
5	O
(	O
7	O
%)],	O
prone	O
position	O
[	O
22	O
(	O
31	O
%)],	O
steroids	B-CHED
[	O
26	O
(	O
37	O
%)],	O
and	O
neuromuscular	B-DISO
blockade	I-DISO
[	O
26	O
(	O
37	O
%)].	O

Risk	O
factors	O
for	O
mortality	O
included	O
having	O
an	O
underlying	O
comorbidity	O
,	O
multiorgan	O
dysfunction	O
,	O
a	O
low	O
PF	O
ratio	O
,	O
and	O
high	O
OI	O
at	O
24	O
h	O
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
Risk	O
factors	O
for	O
mortality	O
included	O
having	O
an	O
underlying	O
comorbidity	O
,	O
multiorgan	O
dysfunction	O
,	O
a	O
low	O
PF	O
ratio	O
,	O
and	O
high	O
OI	O
at	O
24	O
h	O
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

Here	O
we	O
report	O
that	O
E	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
PDZ	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
binding	B-FUNC
motif	I-PRGE
(	O
PBM	O
),	O
a	O
domain	O
involved	O
in	O
protein	B-CHED
-	O
protein	B-CHED
interactions	O
,	O
is	O
a	O
major	O
determinant	O
of	O
virulence	B-PROC
.	O

Syntenin	B-PRGE
redistributed	O
from	O
the	O
nucleus	B-COMP
to	O
the	O
cell	B-COMP
cytoplasm	B-COMP
during	O
infection	B-DISO
with	O
viruses	B-SPEC
containing	O
the	O
E	O
protein	B-CHED
PBM	O
,	O
activating	O
p38	B-FUNC
MAPK	B-FUNC
and	O
leading	O
to	O
the	O
overexpression	O
of	O
inflammatory	O
cytokines	O
.	O

Active	O
p38	B-PRGE
MAPK	B-FUNC
was	O
reduced	O
in	O
lungs	B-ANAT
of	O
mice	B-SPEC
infected	O
with	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoVs	O
lacking	O
E	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
PBM	O
as	O
compared	O
with	O
the	O
parental	O
virus	B-SPEC
,	O
leading	O
to	O
a	O
decreased	O
expression	B-PROC
of	O
inflammatory	O
cytokines	O
and	O
to	O
virus	B-SPEC
attenuation	O
.	O

Expression	B-PROC
of	O
TMPRSS2	O
is	O
essential	O
for	O
the	O
spread	O
and	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
of	O
H1N1	B-DISO
influenza	I-DISO
viruses	O
in	O
mice	B-SPEC
.	O

We	O
found	O
that	O
MSPL	B-PRGE
and	O
,	O
to	O
a	O
lesser	O
degree	O
,	O
DESC1	B-PRGE
are	O
expressed	B-PROC
in	O
human	B-SPEC
lung	B-ANAT
tissue	I-ANAT
and	O
cleave	O
and	O
activate	O
the	O
spike	O
proteins	B-CHED
of	O
the	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
and	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronaviruses	O
for	O
cell	B-COMP
-	O
cell	B-COMP
and	O
virus	B-SPEC
-	O
cell	B-PROC
fusion	I-PROC
.	O

In	O
addition	O
,	O
we	O
show	O
that	O
these	O
proteases	O
support	O
the	O
spread	O
of	O
all	O
influenza	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
subtypes	O
previously	O
pandemic	O
in	O
humans	O
.	O

Importance	O
:	O
Activation	O
of	O
influenza	B-SPEC
viruses	I-SPEC
by	O
host	B-COMP
cell	I-COMP
proteases	O
is	O
essential	O
for	O
viral	O
infectivity	O
and	O
the	O
enzymes	O
responsible	O
are	O
potential	O
targets	O
for	O
antiviral	B-CHED
intervention	O
.	O

A	O
total	O
of	O
833	O
cases	O
from	O
a	O
teaching	O
hospital	O
was	O
surveyed	O
for	O
prevalence	O
of	O
different	O
FCoV	O
infections	B-DISO
.	O

Characterisation	O
of	O
the	O
bat	B-ENZY
microRNA	O
repertoire	O
is	O
an	O
essential	O
step	O
towards	O
understanding	O
transcriptional	B-PROC
regulation	I-PROC
during	O
viral	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
,	O
and	O
will	O
assist	O
in	O
the	O
identification	O
of	O
mechanisms	O
that	O
enable	O
bats	B-SPEC
to	O
act	O
as	O
natural	O
virus	B-SPEC
reservoirs	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
understanding	O
of	O
FIP	B-DISO
pathogenesis	B-DISO
is	O
still	O
incomplete	O
.	O

In	O
this	O
review	O
,	O
we	O
describe	O
key	O
features	O
of	O
the	O
preparedness	O
for	O
the	O
2014	O
Hajj	O
and	O
Umra	O
,	O
review	O
the	O
recent	O
impact	O
of	O
emerging	O
viruses	B-SPEC
such	O
as	O
Ebola	O
in	O
West	O
Africa	O
and	O
the	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
in	O
affected	O
countries	O
,	O
and	O
highlight	O
the	O
updated	O
requirements	O
and	O
the	O
required	O
vaccines	O
.	O

From	O
the	O
31	O
positive	O
samples	O
,	O
only	O
10	O
gave	O
positive	O
results	O
in	O
molecular	O
tests	O
aimed	O
at	O
various	O
IBV	B-SPEC
genome	O
fragments	O
:	O
five	O
samples	O
were	O
positive	O
for	O
the	O
RdRp	B-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
,	O
four	O
for	O
gene	O
3	O
,	O
eight	O
for	O
gene	O
N	O
and	O
eight	O
for	O
the	O
3	O
'-	O
untranslated	O
region	O
fragment	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Coronaviruses	O
(	O
CoV	O
)	O
have	O
recently	O
emerged	O
as	O
potentially	O
serious	O
pathogens	O
that	O
can	O
cause	O
significant	O
human	B-SPEC
morbidity	O
and	O
death	B-PROC
.	O

This	O
severely	O
limits	O
host	B-COMP
cell	I-COMP
IFN	O
responses	O
.	O

Since	O
it	O
has	O
been	O
reported	O
that	O
sepsis	B-DISO
and	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
contribute	O
to	O
brain	B-DISO
dysfunction	I-DISO
,	O
we	O
investigated	O
the	O
brain	B-ANAT
-	O
lung	B-ANAT
crosstalk	B-PROC
using	O
a	O
combined	O
experimental	O
in	O
vitro	O
airway	B-ANAT
epithelial	O
and	O
brain	B-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
injury	O
model	O
.	O

Conditioned	O
medium	O
at	O
15	O
%	O
significantly	O
increased	O
apoptosis	B-PATH
in	O
brain	B-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
cultures	O
24	O
h	O
after	O
treatment	O
,	O
whereas	O
25	O
%	O
and	O
50	O
%	O
significantly	O
increased	O
both	O
necrosis	B-PROC
and	O
apoptosis	B-PATH
.	O

Our	O
findings	O
demonstrated	O
that	O
human	B-SPEC
epithelial	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
cells	B-COMP
stimulated	O
with	O
bacterial	O
lipopolysaccharide	B-CHED
release	B-PATH
inflammatory	O
mediators	O
that	O
are	O
able	O
to	O
induce	O
a	O
translational	B-PROC
clinically	O
relevant	O
and	O
harmful	O
response	O
in	O
brain	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
FTY720	B-CHED
(	O
fingolimod	B-CHED
)	O
modulates	O
the	O
severity	O
of	O
viral	O
-	O
induced	O
encephalomyelitis	B-DISO
and	O
demyelination	B-DISO
.	O

Treatment	O
with	O
FTY720	B-CHED
did	O
not	O
affect	O
virus	B-SPEC
-	O
specific	O
T	B-PROC
cell	I-PROC
proliferation	B-DISO
,	O
expression	B-PROC
of	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
γ	I-PRGE
,	O
TNF	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
α	I-PRGE
or	O
cytolytic	O
activity	O
.	O

Steady	O
-	O
state	O
kinetic	O
analyses	O
of	O
purified	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
and	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
PLpros	O
uncovered	O
significant	O
differences	O
in	O
their	O
rates	O
of	O
hydrolysis	O
of	O
5	O
-	O
aminomethyl	O
coumarin	B-CHED
(	O
AMC	B-DISO
)	O
from	O
C	O
-	O
terminally	O
labeled	O
peptide	B-CHED
,	O
ubiquitin	B-PROC
,	O
and	O
ISG15	B-PRGE
substrates	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
in	O
their	O
rates	O
of	O
isopeptide	O
bond	O
cleavage	B-PROC
of	O
K48	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
and	I-PRGE
K63	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
linked	I-PRGE
polyubiquitin	I-PRGE
chains	I-PRGE
.	O

MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
PLpro	O
was	O
found	O
to	O
have	O
8	O
-	O
fold	O
and	O
3	O
,	O
500	O
-	O
fold	O
higher	O
catalytic	O
efficiencies	O
for	O
hydrolysis	O
of	O
ISG15	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
AMC	I-PRGE
than	O
for	O
hydrolysis	O
of	O
the	O
Ub	O
-	O
AMC	B-DISO
and	O
Z	O
-	O
RLRGG	O
-	O
AMC	B-DISO
substrates	O
,	O
respectively	O
.	O

MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
PLpro	O
was	O
found	O
to	O
process	O
K48	O
-	O
and	O
K63	O
-	O
linked	O
polyubiquitin	B-PRGE
chains	I-PRGE
at	O
similar	O
rates	O
and	O
with	O
similar	O
debranching	O
patterns	O
,	O
producing	O
monoubiquitin	O
species	B-SPEC
.	O

However	O
,	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
PLpro	O
much	O
preferred	O
K48	O
-	O
linked	O
polyubiquitin	B-PRGE
chains	I-PRGE
to	O
K63	O
-	O
linked	O
chains	O
,	O
and	O
it	O
rapidly	O
produced	O
di	O
-	O
ubiquitin	B-PROC
molecules	O
from	O
K48	O
-	O
linked	O
chains	O
.	O

Under	O
prolonged	O
and	O
irremediable	O
ER	O
stress	O
,	O
however	O
,	O
the	O
UPR	O
can	O
also	O
trigger	O
apoptosis	B-PATH
.	O

Knockdown	O
and	O
overexpression	B-PROC
experiments	O
demonstrated	O
that	O
IRE1α	O
protects	O
infected	O
cells	B-COMP
from	O
IBV	B-SPEC
-	O
induced	O
apoptosis	B-PATH
,	O
which	O
required	O
both	O
its	O
kinase	O
and	O
RNase	B-PRGE
activities	O
.	O

Modeling	O
of	O
the	O
interaction	O
between	O
the	O
MERS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
spike	I-PRGE
glycoprotein	I-PRGE
and	O
its	O
receptor	O
dipeptidyl	O
peptidase	B-PRGE
4	I-PRGE
predicted	O
comparable	O
interaction	O
energies	O
in	O
common	B-SPEC
marmosets	I-SPEC
and	O
humans	B-SPEC
.	O

This	O
is	O
the	O
first	O
description	O
of	O
a	O
severe	O
,	O
partially	O
lethal	O
,	O
disease	O
model	O
of	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
,	O
and	O
as	O
such	O
will	O
have	O
a	O
major	O
impact	O
on	O
the	O
ability	O
to	O
assess	O
the	O
efficacy	O
of	O
vaccines	O
and	O
treatment	O
strategies	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
allowing	O
more	O
detailed	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
studies	O
.	O

We	O
prospectively	O
recruited	O
patients	O
consecutively	O
admitted	O
for	O
ARF	B-DISO
to	O
the	O
ICU	O
of	O
a	O
university	O
teaching	O
hospital	O
over	O
a	O
12	O
-	O
month	O
period	O
.	O

This	O
study	O
demonstrated	O
for	O
the	O
first	O
time	O
to	O
our	O
knowledge	O
a	O
significantly	O
better	O
performance	O
of	O
TUS	O
than	O
LUS	O
in	O
the	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
ARF	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
The	O
effects	O
of	O
prone	O
position	O
ventilation	O
combined	O
with	O
recruitment	B-DISO
maneuvers	O
on	O
outcomes	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
distress	O
syndrome	O
].	O

The	O
plateau	O
pressure	O
and	O
static	O
compliance	O
of	O
the	O
respiratory	B-ANAT
system	I-ANAT
were	O
similar	O
in	O
the	O
two	O
groups	O
.	O

In	O
Mecp2	B-PRGE
mutant	B-DISO
mice	B-SPEC
,	O
BDNF	O
deficits	O
have	O
been	O
associated	O
with	O
breathing	B-DISO
abnormalities	I-DISO
,	O
a	O
core	O
feature	O
of	O
RTT	B-DISO
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
with	O
synaptic	O
hyperexcitability	B-PROC
within	O
the	O
brainstem	B-ANAT
respiratory	O
network	O
.	O

In	O
vivo	O
,	O
acute	O
treatment	O
of	O
Mecp2	B-PRGE
-	O
null	O
and	O
-	O
heterozygous	O
mutants	O
with	O
LM22A	O
-	O
4	O
completely	O
eliminated	O
spontaneous	O
apneas	B-DISO
in	O
resting	B-ANAT
animals	B-SPEC
,	O
without	O
sedation	B-DISO
.	O

Together	O
,	O
these	O
data	O
support	O
the	O
hypothesis	O
that	O
reduced	O
BDNF	B-PRGE
signaling	B-PROC
and	O
respiratory	B-DISO
dysfunction	I-DISO
in	O
RTT	B-DISO
are	O
linked	O
,	O
and	O
establish	O
the	O
proof	O
-	O
of	O
-	O
concept	O
that	O
treatment	O
with	O
a	O
small	O
-	O
molecule	O
structural	O
mimetic	O
of	O
a	O
BDNF	O
loop	O
domain	O
and	O
a	O
TrkB	B-PRGE
partial	O
agonist	B-CHED
can	O
acutely	O
reverse	O
abnormal	B-DISO
breathing	I-DISO
at	O
rest	B-FUNC
and	O
in	O
response	O
to	O
behavioral	B-PROC
arousal	O
in	O
symptomatic	O
RTT	B-DISO
mice	B-SPEC
.	O

The	O
index	O
case	O
-	O
patient	O
'	O
s	O
respiratory	B-ANAT
tract	I-ANAT
samples	O
were	O
negative	O
for	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
by	O
reverse	B-PROC
transcription	I-PROC
PCR	O
,	O
but	O
diagnosis	O
was	O
retrospectively	O
confirmed	O
by	O
PCR	O
of	O
serum	B-COMP
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Enhanced	O
MERS	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
surveillance	O
of	O
travelers	O
from	O
the	O
Middle	O
East	O
to	O
England	O
.	O

Traditional	O
management	O
of	O
aHUS	O
includes	O
plasma	B-ANAT
infusion	O
/	O
exchange	O
,	O
but	O
in	O
small	O
or	O
unstable	O
infants	O
,	O
plasma	B-ANAT
exchange	O
can	O
be	O
challenging	O
because	O
of	O
high	O
extracorporeal	O
volume	O
and	O
difficulty	O
to	O
obtain	O
an	O
adequate	O
venous	B-ANAT
access	O
.	O

Part	O
16	O
:	O
Structure	O
-	O
based	O
bioisosterism	O
design	O
,	O
synthesis	B-PROC
and	O
biological	O
evaluation	O
of	O
novel	O
pyrimidinylthioacetanilides	O
as	O
potent	O
HIV	O
-	O
1	O
inhibitors	B-CHED
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Mutations	O
of	O
3c	O
and	O
spike	O
protein	B-CHED
genes	O
correlate	O
with	O
the	O
occurrence	O
of	O
feline	B-SPEC
infectious	I-DISO
peritonitis	I-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Evolution	B-PROC
of	O
polymerase	O
chain	O
reaction	O
testing	O
for	O
infectious	O
pathogens	O
has	O
occurred	O
concurrent	O
with	O
a	O
focus	O
on	O
value	O
-	O
based	O
medicine	B-CHED
.	O

After	O
RRP	O
implementation	O
,	O
the	O
mean	O
time	O
to	O
the	O
test	O
result	O
was	O
shorter	O
(	O
383	O
minutes	O
versus	O
1119	O
minutes	O
,	O
P	O
<	O
.	O
001	O
),	O
and	O
the	O
percentage	O
of	O
patients	O
with	O
a	O
result	O
in	O
the	O
emergency	B-DISO
department	O
was	O
greater	O
(	O
51	O
.	O
6	O
%	O
versus	O
13	O
.	O
4	O
%,	O
P	O
<	O
.	O
001	O
).	O

In	O
addition	O
to	O
the	O
two	O
known	O
serotypes	O
of	O
CCoV	O
,	O
novel	O
recombinant	O
variants	O
of	O
CCoV	O
have	O
been	O
found	O
containing	O
spike	O
protein	B-CHED
N	O
-	O
terminal	O
domains	O
(	O
NTDs	O
)	O
that	O
are	O
closely	O
related	O
to	O
those	O
of	O
feline	B-SPEC
and	O
porcine	B-SPEC
strains	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
evaluate	O
the	O
ability	O
of	O
small	O
interfering	O
RNAs	O
(	O
siRNAs	O
)	O
to	O
inhibit	O
in	O
vitro	O
viral	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
and	O
gene	B-PROC
expression	I-PROC
of	O
feline	B-SPEC
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
FCoV	O
).	O

If	O
iNO	O
was	O
initiated	O
for	O
severe	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
,	O
a	O
detailed	O
evaluation	O
by	O
the	O
ECMO	O
team	O
determined	O
if	O
ECMO	O
was	O
indicated	O
.	O

A	O
lack	O
of	O
serologic	O
tools	O
has	O
hindered	O
targeted	B-PROC
studies	O
of	O
transmission	O
.	O

Of	O
these	O
cases	O
,	O
7	O
were	O
identified	O
by	O
means	O
of	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
,	O
all	O
in	O
samples	O
obtained	O
within	O
14	O
days	O
after	O
the	O
onset	O
of	O
symptoms	O
in	O
index	O
patients	O
,	O
and	O
5	O
were	O
identified	O
by	O
means	O
of	O
serologic	O
analysis	O
,	O
all	O
in	O
samples	O
obtained	O
13	O
days	O
or	O
more	O
after	O
symptom	B-DISO
onset	O
in	O
index	O
patients	O
.	O

We	O
report	O
the	O
case	O
of	O
a	O
61	O
-	O
year	O
-	O
old	O
man	B-CHED
with	O
past	O
medical	O
history	O
of	O
chronic	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
with	O
emphysema	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
a	O
known	O
multiple	B-DISO
myeloma	I-DISO
(	O
Durie	O
and	O
Salmon	B-PRGE
stage	I-PRGE
III	I-PRGE
B	I-PRGE
and	O
t	O
(	O
4	O
;	O
14	O
)	O
translocation	B-DISO
).	O

Six	O
months	O
after	O
diagnosis	O
and	O
first	O
line	O
of	O
treatment	O
,	O
he	O
presented	O
acute	B-DISO
dyspnea	I-DISO
with	O
interstitial	B-DISO
lung	B-ANAT
disease	I-DISO
.	O

Therefore	O
,	O
major	O
objectives	O
for	O
anesthesiologists	O
and	O
surgeons	O
are	O
first	O
to	O
prevent	O
the	O
occurrence	O
of	O
postoperative	B-DISO
complications	I-DISO
and	O
second	O
if	O
ARF	O
occurs	O
is	O
to	O
ensure	O
oxygen	B-CHED
administration	O
and	O
carbon	B-CHED
dioxide	I-CHED
CO2	B-CHED
removal	O
while	O
avoiding	O
intubation	O
.	O

For	O
effective	O
control	O
of	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
IBV	B-SPEC
),	O
quick	O
and	O
specific	O
diagnosis	O
is	O
of	O
utmost	O
importance	O
.	O

A	O
linear	O
correlation	O
was	O
obtained	O
between	O
predicted	O
antibody	B-COMP
titres	O
at	O
a	O
single	O
working	O
dilution	O
of	O
1	O
:	O
100	O
and	O
the	O
corresponding	O
serum	O
titres	O
observed	O
as	O
determined	O
by	O
the	O
standard	O
serial	O
dilution	O
method	O
.	O

The	O
developed	O
equation	O
was	O
then	O
used	O
to	O
extrapolate	O
predicated	O
ELISA	O
antibody	B-COMP
titer	O
from	O
corrected	O
absorbance	O
readings	O
of	O
the	O
single	O
working	O
dilution	O
.	O

MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
has	O
been	O
reported	O
in	O
dromedary	B-SPEC
camels	B-SPEC
but	O
phenotypic	O
characterisation	O
of	O
such	O
viruses	B-SPEC
is	O
limited	O
.	O

Controversy	O
remains	O
as	O
to	O
at	O
what	O
point	O
in	O
the	O
clinical	O
pathway	B-PROC
ECMO	O
should	O
be	O
employed	O
;	O
as	O
a	O
rescue	O
therapy	O
or	O
more	O
pro	B-CHED
-	O
actively	O
to	O
enable	O
and	O
ensure	O
high	O
-	O
quality	O
lung	B-ANAT
protective	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
.	O

Consecutive	O
adult	O
patients	O
with	O
CAP	B-DISO
between	O
April	O
and	O
December	O
,	O
2009	O
were	O
prospectively	O
enrolled	O
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
Respiratory	O
virus	B-SPEC
was	O
not	O
a	O
bystander	O
,	O
but	O
pathogenic	O
in	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
and	O
was	O
a	O
common	O
cause	O
of	O
CAP	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
:	O
transmission	O
and	O
phylogenetic	O
evolution	B-PROC
.	O

Among	O
them	O
,	O
twenty	O
-	O
three	O
compounds	O
showed	O
much	O
better	O
anti	O
-	O
HBV	B-DISO
activity	O
than	O
caudatin	O
,	O
and	O
eleven	O
compounds	O
significantly	O
inhibited	O
the	O
HBV	B-DISO
DNA	B-PATH
replication	I-PATH
with	O
IC50	O
values	O
<	O
10	O
μM	O
.	O
Interestingly	O
,	O
three	O
compounds	O
(	O
22	O
,	O
28	O
,	O
29	O
)	O
exhibited	O
excellent	O
activity	O
against	O
the	O
secretion	B-PROC
of	O
HBsAg	O
(	O
IC50	O
=	O
63	O
.	O
02	O
μM	O
,	O
52	O
.	O
81	O
μM	O
,	O
56	O
.	O
08	O
μM	O
),	O
HBeAg	O
(	O
IC50	O
=	O
204	O
.	O
80	O
μM	O
,	O
173	O
.	O
51	O
μM	O
,	O
70	O
.	O
39	O
μM	O
),	O
along	O
with	O
HBV	B-DISO
DNA	B-PATH
replication	I-PATH
(	O
IC50	O
=	O
24	O
.	O
55	O
μM	O
,	O
5	O
.	O
69	O
μM	O
,	O
8	O
.	O
23	O
μM	O
)	O
with	O
lower	O
cytotoxicity	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
present	O
study	O
demonstrates	O
that	O
the	O
both	O
BCoV	O
and	O
GARV	O
are	O
involved	O
in	O
the	O
neonatal	O
calves	O
'	O
diarrhea	B-DISO
,	O
where	O
the	O
frequency	O
of	O
BCoV	O
is	O
clearly	O
higher	O
than	O
that	O
of	O
GARV	O
.	O

Furthermore	O
,	O
within	O
the	O
CD8	B-PRGE
T	B-ANAT
-	I-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
population	O
short	O
-	O
lived	O
effector	B-CHED
cells	B-COMP
were	O
increased	O
and	O
memory	B-PROC
precursor	O
effector	B-CHED
cells	B-COMP
were	O
significantly	O
decreased	O
,	O
consistent	O
with	O
higher	O
T	O
-	O
cell	O
turnover	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
memory	B-PROC
CD8	B-PRGE
T	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
primed	O
without	O
CD4	B-PRGE
T	I-PRGE
cells	O
and	O
transferred	O
into	O
infected	O
CD4	B-PRGE
-	O
sufficient	O
recipients	O
expanded	O
less	O
efficiently	O
and	O
were	O
not	O
sustained	O
in	O
the	O
CNS	B-CHED
,	O
contrasting	O
with	O
their	O
helped	O
counterparts	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Human	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
NL63	I-SPEC
utilizes	O
heparan	B-CHED
sulfate	I-CHED
proteoglycans	B-CHED
for	O
attachment	O
to	O
target	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Design	O
of	O
an	O
epitope	B-CHED
-	O
based	O
peptide	B-CHED
vaccine	O
against	O
spike	O
protein	B-CHED
of	O
human	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
:	O
an	O
in	O
silico	O
approach	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Human	O
coronavirus	O
(	O
HCoV	O
),	O
a	O
member	O
of	O
Coronaviridae	B-SPEC
family	B-SPEC
,	O
is	O
the	O
causative	O
agent	O
of	O
upper	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
tract	I-DISO
infections	I-DISO
and	O
""""	O
atypical	B-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
"""."	O

The	O
frequency	O
of	O
cases	O
and	O
deaths	B-PROC
was	O
calculated	O
and	O
adjusted	O
by	O
month	O
,	O
sex	O
,	O
age	O
group	O
,	O
and	O
region	O
.	O

Further	O
analytical	O
studies	O
are	O
required	O
to	O
determine	O
the	O
source	O
and	O
mode	O
of	O
infection	B-DISO
in	O
Saudi	O
Arabia	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
impact	O
of	O
anesthetic	O
equipment	O
on	O
clinical	O
practice	O
parameters	O
associated	O
with	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
has	O
not	O
been	O
extensively	O
studied	O
.	O

Existing	O
anesthesia	B-DISO
machines	O
(	O
Narkomed	O
IIb	O
,	O
Drager	O
)	O
were	O
exchanged	O
for	O
new	O
equipment	O
(	O
Aisys	O
,	O
General	O
Electric	O
).	O

In	O
response	O
,	O
various	O
surveillance	O
systems	O
have	O
been	O
developed	O
to	O
monitor	O
the	O
emergence	O
of	O
respiratory	O
-	O
tract	O
infections	B-DISO
.	O

A	O
united	O
and	O
coordinated	O
global	O
response	O
is	O
needed	O
to	O
tackle	O
emerging	O
viruses	B-SPEC
that	O
can	O
cause	O
fatal	O
respiratory	B-DISO
tract	I-DISO
infections	I-DISO
and	O
to	O
fill	O
major	O
gaps	O
in	O
the	O
understanding	O
of	O
the	O
epidemiology	O
and	O
transmission	O
dynamics	O
of	O
these	O
viruses	B-SPEC
.	O

New	O
viral	O
respiratory	B-DISO
tract	I-DISO
infections	I-DISO
with	O
epidemic	O
potential	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
,	O
swine	B-SPEC
-	O
origin	O
influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
H1N1	O
,	O
and	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
,	O
require	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
new	O
antiviral	B-CHED
agents	I-CHED
.	O

The	O
high	O
cost	O
of	O
life	O
-	O
long	O
HAART	O
and	O
the	O
emergence	O
of	O
drug	B-PROC
resistance	I-PROC
among	O
HIV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
1	I-SPEC
-	O
infected	O
individuals	O
have	O
brought	O
renewed	O
pressure	O
for	O
the	O
discovery	O
of	O
novel	O
antivirals	B-CHED
and	O
alternative	O
medicines	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Celiac	O
and	O
splanchnic	O
plexus	B-ANAT
blocks	O
are	O
considered	O
as	O
terminal	O
approaches	O
for	O
pain	O
control	O
in	O
end	O
stage	B-DISO
pancreatic	I-DISO
cancer	B-SPEC
.	O

It	O
may	O
be	O
done	O
temporarily	O
(	O
using	O
local	B-CHED
anesthetics	I-CHED
)	O
or	O
as	O
a	O
permanent	O
act	O
(	O
using	O
alcohol	O
and	O
/	O
or	O
phenol	B-CHED
).	O

Among	O
viruses	O
,	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
was	O
the	O
most	O
commonly	O
detected	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Genomic	O
characteristics	O
and	O
changes	O
of	O
avian	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
bronchitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
strain	O
CK	O
/	O
CH	O
/	O
LDL	B-CHED
/	O
97I	O
after	O
serial	O
passages	O
in	O
chicken	O
embryos	B-ANAT
.	O

To	O
further	O
characterize	O
the	O
catalytic	O
system	O
of	O
CoV	O
main	O
proteases	O
and	O
to	O
obtain	O
information	O
about	O
improved	O
inhibitors	B-CHED
,	O
we	O
performed	O
comprehensive	O
simulations	O
of	O
the	O
proton	B-CHED
-	O
transfer	O
reactions	O
in	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
M	O
(	O
pro	B-CHED
)	O
active	O
site	O
that	O
lead	O
to	O
the	O
Cys	B-CHED
(-)/	O
His	O
(+)	O
zwitterionic	O
state	O
required	O
for	O
efficient	O
proteolytic	B-PROC
activity	O
.	O

SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
nsp12	O
,	O
the	O
canonical	O
RNA	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
dependent	I-PRGE
RNA	I-PRGE
polymerase	I-PRGE
(	O
RdRp	B-FUNC
),	O
exhibits	O
poorly	O
processive	O
RNA	B-PROC
synthesis	I-PROC
in	O
vitro	O
,	O
at	O
odds	O
with	O
the	O
efficient	O
replication	O
of	O
a	O
very	O
large	O
RNA	O
genome	O
in	O
vivo	O
.	O

Without	O
a	O
loss	O
of	O
processivity	O
,	O
the	O
nsp7	O
/	O
nsp8	O
/	O
nsp12	O
complex	O
can	O
associate	O
with	O
nsp14	O
,	O
a	O
bifunctional	O
enzyme	O
bearing	O
3	O
'-	O
5	O
'	O
exoribonuclease	O
and	O
RNA	B-PRGE
cap	I-PRGE
N7	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
guanine	B-CHED
methyltransferase	I-PRGE
activities	O
involved	O
in	O
replication	O
fidelity	O
and	O
5	O
'-	O
RNA	B-PROC
capping	I-PROC
,	O
respectively	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Canine	O
distemper	O
virus	O
(	O
CDV	B-CHED
)	O
has	O
been	O
associated	O
with	O
outbreaks	O
of	O
canine	O
infectious	B-DISO
respiratory	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
in	O
shelters	O
and	O
boarding	O
kennel	O
environments	O
.	O

CDV	B-CHED
RT	O
-	O
iiPCR	O
demonstrated	O
excellent	O
sensitivity	O
(	O
100	O
%)	O
and	O
specificity	O
(	O
100	O
%),	O
compared	O
to	O
real	O
-	O
time	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
.	O

Activation	O
of	O
the	O
complement	O
system	O
correlates	O
with	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
FH	O
.	O

Wild	O
type	O
mice	B-SPEC
were	O
treated	O
with	O
or	O
without	O
antagonists	B-CHED
of	O
C5aR	B-PRGE
or	O
TNF	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
α	I-PRGE
,	O
and	O
mice	B-SPEC
deficient	O
for	O
C5aR	B-PRGE
(	O
C5aR	B-PRGE
(-/-)),	O
Fgl2	B-PRGE
(	O
Fgl2	B-PRGE
(-/-)),	O
and	O
Tnfα	O
(	O
Tnfα	O
(-/-))	O
mice	B-SPEC
were	O
not	O
treated	O
with	O
the	O
antagonists	B-CHED
.	O

We	O
observed	O
that	O
complement	B-PROC
activation	I-PROC
,	O
coagulation	B-PROC
and	O
pro	B-CHED
-	O
inflammatory	O
cytokine	B-PROC
production	I-PROC
were	O
upregulated	O
in	O
the	O
HBV	B-DISO
(+)	O
patients	O
with	O
FH	O
.	O

Complement	B-PROC
activation	I-PROC
and	O
coagulation	B-PROC
were	O
significantly	O
reduced	O
in	O
MHV	B-SPEC
-	O
3	O
infected	O
mice	B-SPEC
in	O
the	O
absence	O
of	O
C5aR	B-PRGE
,	O
Tnfα	O
or	O
Fgl2	B-PRGE
.	O

Clinically	O
,	O
they	O
manifest	O
as	O
limb	B-ANAT
and	O
respiratory	B-ANAT
muscle	I-ANAT
weakness	O
.	O

Substantial	O
progress	O
has	O
been	O
made	O
lately	O
in	O
the	O
understanding	O
of	O
the	O
pathophysiology	O
of	O
critical	B-DISO
illness	I-DISO
polyneuropathy	I-DISO
and	O
myopathy	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
present	O
review	O
is	O
aimed	O
at	O
providing	O
the	O
latest	O
knowledge	O
concerning	O
the	O
pathophysiology	O
of	O
critical	O
illness	O
polyneuropathy	O
/	O
myopathy	B-DISO
along	O
with	O
relevant	O
clinical	O
,	O
diagnostic	O
,	O
differentiating	O
,	O
and	O
treatment	O
information	O
for	O
this	O
debilitating	O
neurological	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
A	O
series	O
of	O
non	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
nucleoside	I-PROC
reverse	B-CHED
transcriptase	I-CHED
inhibitors	I-CHED
derived	O
from	O
indole	B-CHED
-	O
based	O
α	O
-	O
amino	B-CHED
acids	I-CHED
were	O
designed	O
and	O
synthesized	O
.	O

From	O
the	O
screened	O
compounds	O
,	O
the	O
novel	O
inhibitors	B-CHED
19	O
and	O
29	O
were	O
identified	O
to	O
be	O
highly	O
potent	O
candidates	O
with	O
EC50	O
values	O
of	O
0	O
.	O
060	O
μM	O
and	O
0	O
.	O
045	O
μM	O
respectively	O
(	O
CC50	O
values	O
of	O
109	O
.	O
545	O
μM	O
and	O
49	O
.	O
295	O
μM	O
and	O
SI	O
values	O
of	O
1825	O
.	O
8	O
and	O
1095	O
.	O
4	O
).	O

The	O
results	O
also	O
indicate	O
that	O
the	O
indole	B-CHED
-	O
based	O
α	O
-	O
amino	B-CHED
acids	I-CHED
as	O
efficient	O
NNRTIs	O
displayed	O
comparable	O
anti	O
-	O
HIV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
1	I-SPEC
activities	O
to	O
the	O
reference	O
drug	O
NVP	O
.	O

Immunoglobulin	B-PROC
neutralize	O
virus	B-SPEC
invasion	B-DISO
and	O
suppress	O
viremia	B-DISO
,	O
acting	O
synergistically	O
with	O
acyclovir	B-CHED
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Current	O
perspectives	O
in	O
transfusion	O
-	O
transmitted	B-DISO
infectious	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
:	O
emerging	O
and	O
re	O
-	O
emerging	O
infections	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
In	O
August	O
2009	O
,	O
a	O
group	O
from	O
the	O
AABB	O
(	O
Stramer	O
et	O
al	O
.,	O
Transfusion	O
2009	O
;	O
99	O
:	O
1S	O
-	O
29S	O
,	O
Emerging	B-DISO
Infectious	I-DISO
Disease	I-DISO
Agents	O
and	O
their	O
Potential	O
Threat	O
to	O
Transfusion	O
Safety	O
;	O
http	O
://	O
www	O
.	O
aabb	O
.	O
org	O
/	O
resources	O
/	O
bct	O
/	O
eid	O
/	O
Pages	O
/	O
default	O
.	O
aspx	O
)	O
published	O
a	O
Supplement	O
to	O
Transfusion	O
that	O
reviewed	O
emerging	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
(	O
EID	O
)	O
agents	O
that	O
pose	O
a	O
real	O
or	O
theoretical	O
threat	O
to	O
transfusion	O
safety	O
,	O
but	O
for	O
which	O
an	O
existing	O
effective	O
intervention	O
is	O
lacking	O
.	O

Agents	O
given	O
the	O
highest	O
priority	O
due	O
to	O
a	O
known	O
transfusion	O
-	O
transmission	O
threat	O
and	O
severe	O
/	O
fatal	O
disease	O
in	O
recipients	O
were	O
the	O
vCJD	B-DISO
prion	O
,	O
dengue	B-SPEC
viruses	I-SPEC
and	O
the	O
obligate	O
red	O
-	O
cell	B-COMP
parasite	O
that	O
causes	O
babesiosis	B-DISO
(	O
Since	O
the	O
publication	O
of	O
the	O
Supplement	O
,	O
six	O
new	O
FSs	B-DISO
(	O
yellow	B-SPEC
fever	I-SPEC
viruses	I-SPEC
-	O
including	O
vaccine	O
breakthrough	O
infections	B-DISO
,	O
miscellaneous	O
arboviruses	O
,	O
XMRV	O
,	O
human	B-SPEC
parvoviruses	B-SPEC
/	O
bocaviruses	B-SPEC
other	O
than	O
B19	O
,	O
and	O
most	O
recently	O
the	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
,	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
were	O
added	O
and	O
14	O
existing	O
FSs	B-DISO
updated	O
(	O
Anaplasma	B-SPEC
,	O
Babesia	B-SPEC
,	O
Bartonella	B-SPEC
,	O
Erhlichia	O
,	O
chronic	B-DISO
wasting	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
-	O
CWD	O
,	O
human	B-SPEC
prions	O
other	O
than	O
vCJD	B-DISO
,	O
vCJD	B-DISO
,	O
The	O
process	O
and	O
final	O
product	O
(	O
toolkit	O
)	O
including	O
methods	O
to	O
monitor	O
EID	O
agent	O
emergence	O
,	O
identification	O
/	O
recognition	O
of	O
a	O
transfusion	O
-	O
transmission	O
threat	O
,	O
methods	O
for	O
quantitative	O
risk	O
assessments	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
appropriate	O
management	O
of	O
such	O
threats	O
should	O
be	O
considered	O
for	O
implementation	O
by	O
all	O
blood	B-ANAT
systems	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Chloroplast	B-COMP
-	O
based	O
expression	B-PROC
system	O
is	O
promising	O
for	O
the	O
hyper	O
-	O
expression	B-PROC
of	O
plant	B-SPEC
-	O
derived	O
recombinant	O
therapeutic	O
proteins	B-CHED
and	O
vaccines	O
.	O

Taken	O
together	O
,	O
our	O
results	O
demonstrate	O
the	O
feasibility	O
of	O
highly	O
expressing	O
SARS	B-DISO
subunit	O
vaccine	O
RBD	O
,	O
indicating	O
its	O
potential	O
in	O
subsequent	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
a	O
plant	B-SPEC
-	O
derived	O
recombinant	O
subunit	O
vaccine	O
and	O
reagents	B-CHED
production	O
for	O
antibody	B-COMP
detection	O
in	O
SARS	B-DISO
serological	O
tests	O
.	O

An	O
increasing	O
body	B-ANAT
of	O
evidence	O
suggests	O
that	O
STING	O
also	O
modulates	O
responses	O
to	O
RNA	O
viruses	B-SPEC
,	O
though	O
the	O
mechanisms	O
remain	O
less	O
clear	O
.	O

Finally	O
,	O
we	O
discuss	O
STING	O
antagonism	O
in	O
the	O
coronaviruses	O
SARS	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
and	O
human	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
NL63	I-SPEC
,	O
which	O
disrupt	O
K63	O
-	O
linked	O
polyubiquitination	B-PROC
and	O
dimerisation	O
of	O
STING	O
(	O
both	O
of	O
which	O
are	O
required	O
for	O
STING	O
-	O
mediated	O
activation	O
of	O
IRF	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
3	I-PRGE
)	O
via	O
their	O
papain	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
like	I-PRGE
proteases	I-PRGE
.	O

A	O
meta	B-SPEC
-	O
analysis	O
was	O
conducted	O
,	O
using	O
published	O
randomized	O
and	O
nonrandomized	O
controlled	O
clinical	O
studies	O
that	O
compared	O
the	O
treatment	O
effects	O
of	O
integrative	O
TCM	O
/	O
WM	O
with	O
WM	O
alone	O
from	O
2002	O
to	O
2006	O
.	O

A	O
total	O
of	O
63	O
patients	O
were	O
divided	O
into	O
a	O
severe	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
contusion	O
with	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
group	O
and	O
a	O
non	O
-	O
ARDS	O
group	O
,	O
or	O
a	O
survivor	O
group	O
and	O
a	O
non	O
-	O
survivor	O
group	O
,	O
or	O
an	O
injury	O
severity	O
score	O
(	O
ISS	B-DISO
)	O
<	O
20	O
group	O
and	O
an	O
ISS	B-DISO
≥	O
20	O
group	O
.	O

The	O
concentration	O
of	O
serum	B-PRGE
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
8	I-FUNC
showed	O
a	O
similar	O
expression	B-PROC
pattern	O
in	O
both	O
groups	O
,	O
but	O
the	O
expression	B-PROC
increased	O
more	O
significantly	O
in	O
the	O
ARDS	B-DISO
group	O
than	O
in	O
the	O
non	O
-	O
ARDS	B-DISO
group	O
.	O

Furthermore	O
,	O
the	O
level	O
of	O
plasma	B-ANAT
vWF	B-PRGE
was	O
higher	O
in	O
the	O
ISS	O
≥	O
20	O
group	O
than	O
in	O
the	O
ISS	B-DISO
<	O
20	O
group	O
.	O

HVHF	O
combined	O
with	O
fluid	O
resuscitation	O
can	O
improve	O
alveolar	B-ANAT
-	O
arterial	B-ANAT
-	O
oxygen	B-CHED
exchange	O
,	O
decrease	O
the	O
APACHE	O
II	O
score	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
refractory	O
septic	B-DISO
shock	I-DISO
,	O
and	O
thus	O
it	O
increases	O
the	O
survival	O
rate	O
of	O
patients	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Cell	B-ANAT
culture	O
isolation	O
and	O
sequence	O
analysis	O
of	O
genetically	O
diverse	O
US	O
porcine	B-SPEC
epidemic	B-DISO
diarrhea	I-DISO
virus	I-SPEC
strains	O
including	O
a	O
novel	O
strain	O
with	O
a	O
large	O
deletion	O
in	O
the	O
spike	O
gene	O
.	O

Currently	O
there	O
are	O
no	O
efficacious	O
preventive	O
measures	O
or	O
therapeutic	O
tools	O
to	O
control	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
in	O
the	O
US	O
.	O

Representative	O
strains	O
of	O
these	O
three	O
genetic	O
groups	O
were	O
passaged	O
serially	O
and	O
grew	O
to	O
titers	O
of	O
∼	O
5	O
-	O
6log10	O
plaque	B-DISO
forming	O
units	O
/	O
mL	O
.	O
To	O
our	O
knowledge	O
,	O
this	O
is	O
the	O
first	O
report	O
of	O
the	O
isolation	O
in	O
cell	B-COMP
culture	O
of	O
an	O
S	O
INDEL	B-PROC
PEDV	B-SPEC
strain	O
and	O
a	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
strain	O
with	O
a	O
large	O
(	O
197aa	O
)	O
deletion	O
in	O
the	O
S	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
The	O
global	O
condition	B-DISO
of	O
epidemics	O
:	O
Panoramas	O
in	O
A	O
(	O
H1N1	O
)	O
influenza	B-DISO
and	O
their	O
consequences	O
for	O
One	O
World	O
One	O
Health	O
programme	O
.	O

Using	O
a	O
qualitative	O
approach	O
,	O
I	O
conducted	O
individual	O
semi	O
-	O
structured	O
interviews	O
with	O
35	O
SARS	O
survivors	O
,	O
who	O
were	O
purposively	O
sampled	O
from	O
a	O
tai	O
chi	B-CHED
class	B-SPEC
of	O
a	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
patient	O
self	O
-	O
help	O
group	O
in	O
Hong	O
Kong	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Health	O
concerns	O
and	O
social	O
experiences	O
motivated	O
the	O
participants	O
to	O
practise	O
tai	B-PRGE
chi	I-PRGE
in	O
post	O
-	O
SARS	B-DISO
Hong	O
Kong	O
.	O

Experiencing	O
health	O
deterioration	O
in	O
relation	O
to	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
associated	O
sequelae	O
,	O
coping	O
with	O
unpleasant	O
experiences	O
during	O
follow	O
-	O
up	O
biomedical	O
treatments	O
,	O
a	O
desire	O
to	O
regain	O
an	O
active	O
role	O
in	O
recovery	O
and	O
rehabilitation	O
,	O
overcoming	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
associated	O
stigmas	O
by	O
establishing	O
a	O
new	O
social	O
network	O
and	O
preparing	O
for	O
potential	O
future	O
stigmatization	O
and	O
discrimination	O
were	O
the	O
key	O
motivators	O
for	O
them	O
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
The	O
participants	O
practised	O
tai	B-PRGE
chi	I-PRGE
not	O
only	O
because	O
they	O
sought	O
to	O
improve	O
their	O
health	O
but	O
also	O
because	O
it	O
provided	O
a	O
crucial	O
social	O
function	O
and	O
meaning	O
to	O
them	O
.	O

Even	O
if	O
such	O
responses	O
are	O
initiated	O
,	O
the	O
maturation	O
pathways	B-PROC
are	O
so	O
extraordinarily	O
complex	O
that	O
prolonged	O
periods	B-PROC
of	O
time	O
may	O
be	O
required	O
for	O
elicitation	O
of	O
bnAbs	O
with	O
defined	O
unique	O
sequences	O
.	O

Here	O
,	O
we	O
discuss	O
studies	O
exploring	O
the	O
antibody	B-COMP
germline	O
/	O
maturation	B-PROC
hypothesis	O
as	O
related	O
to	O
elicitation	O
of	O
bnAbs	O
against	O
HIV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
1	I-SPEC
and	O
present	O
our	O
recent	O
data	O
demonstrating	O
the	O
existence	O
of	O
germline	O
-	O
like	O
precursors	O
of	O
VRC01	O
antibodies	B-COMP
in	O
a	O
human	B-SPEC
cord	B-ANAT
blood	I-ANAT
IgM	O
library	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
IBV	B-SPEC
;	O
Avian	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
)	O
causes	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
and	O
reproductive	B-PROC
and	O
urogenital	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
in	O
chickens	B-SPEC
.	O

The	O
present	O
study	O
aimed	O
to	O
investigate	O
the	O
effects	O
of	O
various	O
combined	O
non	O
-	O
biological	O
artificial	O
liver	B-ANAT
treatments	O
for	O
patients	O
with	O
acute	B-DISO
liver	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
(	O
ALF	O
)	O
complicated	O
by	O
multiple	B-DISO
organ	I-DISO
dysfunction	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
MODS	B-DISO
).	O

TBIL	O
and	O
ALT	B-FUNC
decreased	O
more	O
significantly	O
after	O
treatment	O
in	O
the	O
PE	O
+	O
CVVHDF	O
and	O
PE	O
+	O
HP	O
+	O
CVVHDF	O
groups	O
(	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
01	O
).	O

Prothrombin	B-PRGE
time	I-PRGE
(	O
PT	O
)	O
and	O
albumin	B-PRGE
were	O
significantly	O
improved	O
only	O
in	O
the	O
PE	O
+	O
CVVHDF	O
and	O
PE	O
+	O
HP	O
+	O
CVVHDF	O
groups	O
(	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Bone	B-ANAT
marrow	I-ANAT
mesenchymal	B-ANAT
stem	I-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
protect	O
alveolar	B-ANAT
macrophages	I-ANAT
from	O
lipopolysaccharide	B-CHED
-	O
induced	O
apoptosis	O
partially	O
by	O
inhibiting	O
the	O
Wnt	B-PRGE
/	O
β	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
catenin	I-PRGE
pathway	B-PROC
.	O

However	O
,	O
RBD	O
-	O
directed	O
nAbs	O
may	O
be	O
useful	O
for	O
providing	O
broad	O
neutralization	O
and	O
prevention	O
of	O
escape	O
variants	O
when	O
combined	O
with	O
other	O
nAbs	O
that	O
target	O
a	O
second	O
conserved	O
epitope	B-CHED
with	O
less	O
plasticity	O
and	O
more	O
structural	O
constraint	O
.	O

Broadly	O
neutralizing	O
antibodies	B-COMP
(	O
nAbs	O
)	O
that	O
prevent	O
infection	B-DISO
of	O
related	O
viruses	B-SPEC
represent	O
an	O
important	O
immunostrategy	O
for	O
combating	O
coronavirus	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
;	O
however	O
,	O
for	O
this	O
strategy	O
to	O
succeed	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
essential	O
to	O
uncover	O
nAb	O
-	O
mediated	O
escape	O
pathways	B-PROC
and	O
to	O
pioneer	O
strategies	O
that	O
prevent	O
escape	O
.	O

Here	O
,	O
we	O
used	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
as	O
a	O
research	O
model	O
and	O
examined	O
the	O
escape	O
pathways	B-PROC
of	O
broad	O
nAbs	O
that	O
target	O
the	O
receptor	B-FUNC
binding	I-FUNC
domain	O
(	O
RBD	O
)	O
of	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
.	O

Limitations	O
on	O
routine	O
clinical	O
applicability	O
of	O
the	O
World	O
Health	O
Organization	O
'	O
s	O
(	O
WHO	O
)	O
guidelines	O
for	O
determination	O
of	O
severity	O
in	O
malaria	B-PATH
does	O
result	O
in	O
underestimation	O
of	O
the	O
true	O
burden	O
of	O
clinicians	O
'	O
perceived	O
severity	O
in	O
malaria	B-PATH
.	O

Leucocytosis	B-DISO
and	O
severe	O
thrombocytopaenia	O
should	O
be	O
identified	O
as	O
severity	O
determinant	O
in	O
malaria	B-PATH
.	O

Comparing	O
to	O
the	O
typical	O
reference	O
CCV	B-DISO
strains	O
(	O
type	O
II	O
),	O
the	O
nucleotide	B-CHED
sequence	O
of	O
Korean	O
strains	O
had	O
homology	O
ranged	O
from	O
86	O
.	O
3	O
%	O
to	O
98	O
.	O
3	O
%	O
(	O
89	O
.	O
1	O
%	O
to	O
99	O
.	O
2	O
%	O
for	O
the	O
amino	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
sequence	O
)	O
and	O
87	O
.	O
7	O
%	O
to	O
97	O
.	O
8	O
%	O
(	O
92	O
.	O
4	O
%	O
to	O
100	O
%	O
for	O
the	O
amino	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
sequence	O
)	O
when	O
compared	O
to	O
FCoV	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
like	I-PRGE
CCV	I-PRGE
strains	O
(	O
type	O
I	O
).	O

The	O
relative	O
synonymous	O
codon	O
usage	O
value	O
of	O
each	O
codon	O
revealed	O
that	O
codon	O
usage	O
bias	B-SPEC
exists	O
and	O
that	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
tends	O
to	O
use	O
codons	O
that	O
end	O
in	O
T	O
.	O
The	O
mean	O
ENC	O
value	O
of	O
47	O
.	O
91	O
indicates	O
that	O
the	O
codon	O
usage	O
bias	B-SPEC
is	O
low	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Predicting	O
support	O
for	O
non	O
-	O
pharmaceutical	B-CHED
interventions	O
during	O
infectious	B-DISO
outbreaks	O
:	O
a	O
four	O
region	O
analysis	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
is	O
a	O
novel	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
,	O
identified	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
respiratory	B-DISO
symptoms	I-DISO
in	O
the	O
Middle	O
East	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
WHEN	O
AN	O
ANTIVIRAL	O
IMMUNE	B-PROC
RESPONSE	I-PROC
IS	O
GENERATED	O
,	O
A	O
BALANCE	B-PROC
MUST	O
BE	O
REACHED	O
BETWEEN	O
TWO	O
OPPOSING	O
PATHWAYS	B-PROC
:	O
the	O
production	O
of	O
proinflammatory	O
and	O
cytotoxic	O
effectors	O
that	O
drive	O
a	O
robust	O
antiviral	B-CHED
immune	B-PROC
response	I-PROC
to	O
control	O
the	O
infection	B-DISO
and	O
regulators	O
that	O
function	O
to	O
limit	O
or	O
blunt	O
an	O
excessive	O
immune	B-PROC
response	I-PROC
to	O
minimize	O
immune	O
-	O
mediated	O
pathology	B-DISO
and	O
repair	B-PROC
tissue	I-PROC
damage	O
.	O

Nitric	B-CHED
oxide	I-CHED
(	O
NO	O
)	O
production	O
by	O
iNOS	O
is	O
an	O
important	O
proinflammatory	O
mediator	O
,	O
whereas	O
Arg1	B-PRGE
-	O
expressing	O
macrophages	B-ANAT
contribute	O
to	O
the	O
resolution	O
of	O
inflammation	B-DISO
and	O
wound	B-PROC
repair	I-PROC
.	O

In	O
this	O
review	O
,	O
we	O
will	O
discuss	O
a	O
variety	O
of	O
viral	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
,	O
including	O
HIV	B-DISO
,	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
,	O
LCMV	B-SPEC
,	O
HCV	B-SPEC
,	O
RSV	B-SPEC
,	O
and	O
others	O
,	O
where	O
myeloid	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
influence	O
the	O
control	O
and	O
clearance	O
of	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
from	O
the	O
host	B-COMP
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
the	O
severity	O
and	O
resolution	O
of	O
tissue	B-ANAT
damage	O
,	O
via	O
the	O
activities	O
of	O
iNOS	O
and	O
/	O
or	O
Arg1	B-PRGE
.	O

Plasma	B-ANAT
samples	O
of	O
77	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
multiple	O
trauma	O
as	O
defined	O
by	O
an	O
Injury	O
Severity	O
Score	O
(	O
ISS	B-DISO
)	O
16	O
or	O
greater	O
were	O
obtained	O
from	O
a	O
local	O
repository	O
and	O
levels	O
of	O
soluble	O
RAGE	B-PRGE
,	O
endogenous	B-PRGE
secretory	B-PROC
RAGE	I-PRGE
,	I-PRGE
cytokeratin	I-PRGE
18	I-PRGE
,	O
cleaved	B-ANAT
cytokeratin	B-PRGE
18	I-PRGE
,	O
and	O
interleukin	B-PRGE
6	I-PRGE
by	O
enzyme	O
-	O
linked	O
immunosorbent	O
assay	O
.	O

Moreover	O
,	O
soluble	O
RAGE	O
concentrations	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
thoracic	B-DISO
injuries	O
were	O
higher	O
compared	O
with	O
patients	O
without	O
injury	O
,	O
and	O
both	O
isoforms	O
of	O
RAGE	O
discriminated	O
between	O
patients	O
with	O
most	O
severe	O
adult	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
and	O
patients	O
with	O
milder	O
forms	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Both	O
RAGE	O
isoforms	O
were	O
transiently	O
increased	O
in	O
plasma	B-ANAT
within	O
24	O
hours	O
after	O
trauma	O
,	O
while	O
cytokeratin	B-PRGE
18	I-PRGE
levels	O
were	O
unchanged	O
.	O

RAGE	O
and	O
cytokeratin	O
18	O
isoforms	O
correlated	O
significantly	O
but	O
to	O
a	O
low	O
extent	O
with	O
interleukin	B-PRGE
6	I-PRGE
,	O
while	O
the	O
isoforms	O
of	O
both	O
parameters	O
correlated	O
to	O
a	O
high	O
extent	O
with	O
one	O
another	O
.	O

All	O
patients	O
were	O
manually	O
reviewed	O
using	O
a	O
structured	O
protocol	O
in	O
order	B-SPEC
to	O
identify	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

Incidence	O
rate	O
of	O
sepsis	B-DISO
of	O
any	O
severity	O
.	O

The	O
validation	O
of	O
the	O
results	O
of	O
swabs	O
taken	O
from	O
the	O
nose	B-ANAT
and	O
throat	B-ANAT
were	O
carried	O
out	O
in	O
the	O
Department	O
of	O
Influenza	B-DISO
Research	O
,	O
National	O
Influenza	B-DISO
Center	O
in	O
Warsaw	O
.	O

Sal	B-CHED
CURB	O
®	O
(	O
Kemin	O
Industries	O
,	O
Des	B-DISO
Moines	O
,	O
IA	O
,	O
USA	O
)	O
is	O
a	O
FDA	O
-	O
approved	O
liquid	O
antimicrobial	B-CHED
used	O
to	O
control	O
Salmonella	B-DISO
contamination	O
in	O
poultry	O
and	O
swine	B-SPEC
diets	O
.	O

Clinical	O
signs	O
of	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
(	O
vomiting	B-DISO
and	O
diarrhea	B-DISO
)	O
and	O
viral	B-DISO
shedding	I-DISO
in	O
feces	B-ANAT
were	O
observed	O
in	O
the	O
positive	O
control	O
group	O
2	O
-	O
3	O
days	O
post	O
-	O
consumption	O
of	O
non	O
-	O
treated	O
feed	O
.	O

In	O
contrast	O
,	O
no	O
evidence	O
of	O
infection	B-DISO
was	O
observed	O
in	O
pigs	B-SPEC
fed	O
Sal	B-CHED
CURB	O
®-	O
treated	O
feed	O
or	O
in	O
the	O
negative	O
controls	O
throughout	O
the	O
14	O
-	O
day	O
study	O
period	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Sal	B-CHED
CURB	O
®	O
(	O
Kemin	O
Industries	O
,	O
Des	B-DISO
Moines	O
,	O
IA	O
,	O
USA	O
)	O
is	O
a	O
FDA	O
-	O
approved	O
liquid	O
antimicrobial	B-CHED
used	O
to	O
control	O
Salmonella	B-DISO
contamination	O
in	O
poultry	O
and	O
swine	B-SPEC
diets	O
.	O

In	O
particular	O
,	O
how	O
TRIM56	B-PRGE
impacts	O
human	B-SPEC
-	O
pathogenic	O
viruses	B-SPEC
is	O
unknown	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
the	O
impact	O
of	O
TRIM56	B-PRGE
on	O
human	B-SPEC
-	O
pathogenic	O
RNA	O
viruses	B-SPEC
is	O
unknown	O
.	O

The	O
purpose	O
of	O
this	O
study	O
was	O
to	O
correlate	O
the	O
clinicopathological	O
findings	O
and	O
viral	O
antigen	B-CHED
distribution	O
with	O
the	O
genotypic	O
characteristics	O
of	O
CCoV	O
in	O
11	O
puppies	O
from	O
nine	O
premises	O
in	O
five	O
states	O
that	O
were	O
submitted	O
for	O
diagnostic	O
investigation	O
at	O
Cornell	O
University	O
between	O
2008	O
and	O
2013	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
complexity	O
of	O
multiple	O
-	O
item	O
criteria	O
in	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
often	O
causes	O
inconvenience	O
for	O
physicians	O
in	O
the	O
management	O
of	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
acute	B-DISO
pancreatitis	I-DISO
(	O
SAP	O
).	O

The	O
sensitivity	O
,	O
specificity	O
,	O
positive	O
predictive	O
value	O
,	O
negative	O
predictive	O
value	O
,	O
and	O
accuracy	O
of	O
SP	O
-	O
A	O
in	O
the	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
SAP	B-PRGE
-	O
induced	O
ARDS	B-DISO
were	O
100	O
.	O
0	O
%,	O
81	O
.	O
8	O
%,	O
71	O
.	O
4	O
%,	O
100	O
.	O
0	O
%,	O
and	O
87	O
.	O
5	O
%,	O
respectively	O
.	O

The	O
sensitivity	O
,	O
specificity	O
,	O
positive	O
predictive	O
value	O
,	O
negative	O
predictive	O
value	O
,	O
and	O
accuracy	O
of	O
SP	O
-	O
A	O
in	O
the	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
SAP	B-PRGE
-	O
induced	O
ARDS	B-DISO
were	O
100	O
.	O
0	O
%,	O
81	O
.	O
8	O
%,	O
71	O
.	O
4	O
%,	O
100	O
.	O
0	O
%,	O
and	O
87	O
.	O
5	O
%,	O
respectively	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Ca2	B-ANAT
+	I-ANAT
influx	O
and	O
ATP	B-CHED
release	B-PATH
mediated	O
by	O
mechanical	O
stretch	O
in	O
human	B-SPEC
lung	B-ANAT
fibroblasts	B-ANAT
.	O

Hypotonic	B-DISO
stress	O
,	O
which	O
causes	O
plasma	B-COMP
membrane	I-COMP
stretching	O
,	O
also	O
transiently	O
increased	O
the	O
[	O
Ca	O
(	O
2	O
+)]	O
i	O
.	O

This	O
article	O
offers	O
clinicians	O
a	O
brief	O
update	O
on	O
the	O
general	O
management	O
guidelines	O
of	O
respiratory	B-DISO
distress	I-DISO
in	O
pediatric	O
patients	O
.	O

Specific	O
treatment	O
depends	O
on	O
the	O
exact	O
cause	O
,	O
however	O
croup	B-DISO
and	O
acute	B-DISO
severe	I-DISO
asthma	I-DISO
have	O
been	O
discussed	O
in	O
this	O
article	O
.	O

Modern	O
extracorporeal	O
lung	B-ANAT
support	O
devices	O
allow	O
an	O
effective	O
extracorporeal	O
gas	B-ENZY
exchange	O
and	O
have	O
become	O
an	O
inherent	O
component	O
of	O
intensive	O
care	O
treatment	O
of	O
critically	B-DISO
ill	I-DISO
patients	O
.	O

Six	O
patients	O
underwent	O
HSCT	O
at	O
non	O
-	O
remission	B-DISO
status	O
.	O

Six	O
patients	O
experienced	O
complications	O
of	O
the	O
respiratory	B-ANAT
system	I-ANAT
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
The	O
influence	O
of	O
age	O
and	O
genetics	O
on	O
natural	O
resistance	B-PROC
to	O
experimentally	O
induced	O
feline	B-SPEC
infectious	I-DISO
peritonitis	I-DISO
.	O

The	O
present	O
study	O
followed	O
111	O
random	O
-	O
bred	O
specific	O
pathogen	O
free	O
(	O
SPF	O
)	O
cats	B-SPEC
that	O
were	O
obtained	O
from	O
a	O
single	O
research	O
breeding	B-PROC
colony	O
and	O
experimentally	O
infected	O
with	O
FIPV	O
.	O

The	O
cats	B-SPEC
were	O
from	O
several	O
studies	O
conducted	O
over	O
the	O
past	O
5	O
years	O
,	O
and	O
as	O
a	O
result	O
,	O
some	O
of	O
them	O
had	O
prior	O
exposure	O
to	O
feline	B-SPEC
enteric	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
(	O
FECV	B-SPEC
)	O
or	O
avirulent	O
FIPVs	O
.	O

Arterial	B-ANAT
blood	I-ANAT
gas	O
analysis	O
was	O
conducted	O
and	O
serum	B-COMP
cytokine	O
levels	O
,	O
including	O
tumor	B-PRGE
necrosis	I-PRGE
factor	I-PRGE
alpha	I-PRGE
(	O
TNF	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
α	I-PRGE
),	O
interleukin	B-PRGE
4	I-PRGE
(	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
4	I-FUNC
)	O
and	O
interleukin	B-PRGE
6	I-PRGE
(	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
6	I-FUNC
),	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
C	B-PRGE
reactive	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
(	O
CRP	B-PRGE
)	O
were	O
evaluated	O
respectively	O
both	O
before	O
and	O
6h	O
,	O
12h	O
,	O
and	O
24h	O
after	O
CRRT	O
therapy	O
.	O

We	O
also	O
showed	O
that	O
overexpression	B-PROC
of	O
PDK1	B-FUNC
(	O
3	O
-	O
phosphoinositide	B-CHED
-	O
dependent	O
protein	B-ENZY
kinase	I-ENZY
1	O
),	O
the	O
immediate	B-PRGE
upstream	I-PRGE
kinase	I-PRGE
of	O
PKB	B-PRGE
/	O
Akt	B-PRGE
,	O
suppressed	O
M	O
-	O
induced	O
apoptosis	B-PATH
.	O

Our	O
work	O
highlights	O
that	O
the	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
M	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
is	O
highly	O
pro	B-CHED
-	O
apoptotic	O
and	O
is	O
capable	O
of	O
simultaneously	O
inducing	O
apoptosis	B-PATH
via	O
initiating	O
caspases	O
8	O
and	O
9	O
.	O

CK	O
/	O
CH	O
/	O
SD09	O
/	O
005	O
showed	O
66	O
%	O
-	O
69	O
%	O
and	O
72	O
%	O
-	O
81	O
%	O
nucleotide	B-CHED
identities	O
with	O
the	O
IBV	B-SPEC
strains	O
of	O
other	O
six	O
clades	O
in	O
the	O
S1	O
and	O
S2	O
subunits	O
,	O
respectively	O
.	O

Multiple	O
genetic	O
mechanisms	O
,	O
including	O
recombinations	B-PROC
,	O
mutations	O
,	O
insertions	O
and	O
deletions	O
,	O
are	O
likely	O
to	O
have	O
contributed	O
to	O
the	O
emergence	O
of	O
this	O
IBV	B-SPEC
strain	O
.	O

The	O
established	O
method	O
had	O
a	O
good	O
linear	O
correlation	O
from	O
7	O
.	O
77	O
x	O
10	O
(	O
8	O
)	O
to	O
10	O
(	O
0	O
)	O
copies	O
/	O
microL	O
.	O
SPF	B-PRGE
chickens	I-PRGE
developed	O
typical	O
clinical	O
signs	O
of	O
IBV	B-SPEC
at	O
the	O
4th	O
dpi	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
IBV	B-SPEC
viral	O
concentration	O
of	O
tissues	B-ANAT
and	O
organs	B-ANAT
gradually	O
increased	O
with	O
a	O
peak	O
of	O
up	O
to	O
7	O
.	O
13	O
x	O
10	O
(	O
4	O
)	O
copies	O
/	O
microL	O
.	O
The	O
viral	O
concentration	O
of	O
most	O
organs	B-ANAT
decreased	O
by	O
the	O
10th	O
dpi	O
,	O
but	O
those	O
of	O
the	O
kidney	B-ANAT
,	O
trachea	B-DISO
and	O
lung	B-ANAT
remained	O
positive	O
for	O
IBV	B-SPEC
at	O
28	O
dpi	O
and	O
the	O
heart	O
was	O
still	O
positive	O
for	O
IBV	B-SPEC
at	O
>	O
35	O
dpi	O
.	O

Throat	B-ANAT
swab	I-ANAT
specimens	O
were	O
collected	O
from	O
483	O
cases	O
of	O
ILI	O
who	O
were	O
outpatients	O
in	O
the	O
influenza	B-DISO
surveillance	O
sentinel	O
hospitals	O
in	O
Shijiazhuang	O
between	O
January	O
and	O
December	O
2011	O
.	O

Twenty	O
-	O
six	O
(	O
5	O
.	O
38	O
%)	O
of	O
all	O
cases	O
were	O
co	O
-	O
infected	O
with	O
two	O
or	O
more	O
viruses	B-SPEC
,	O
most	O
commonly	O
HEV	B-SPEC
/	O
HRV	O
with	O
other	O
viruses	B-SPEC
.	O

All	O
cases	O
of	O
RSV	B-PRGE
were	O
identified	O
to	O
be	O
subtype	O
A	O
.	O
PIV	O
infection	B-DISO
was	O
mainly	O
caused	O
by	O
PIV	O
-	O
3	O
.	O

Both	O
,	O
the	O
One	O
Health	O
and	O
the	O
ecohealth	O
approaches	O
reflect	O
the	O
need	O
for	O
such	O
a	O
holistic	O
systems	O
perspective	O
,	O
however	O
the	O
current	O
implementation	O
of	O
risk	O
analysis	O
frameworks	O
for	O
animal	B-SPEC
health	O
and	O
food	O
safety	O
is	O
still	O
dominated	O
by	O
a	O
natural	O
or	O
biomedical	O
perspective	O
of	O
science	O
as	O
is	O
the	O
implementation	O
of	O
control	O
and	O
prevention	O
policies	O
.	O

Mitogen	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
activated	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
kinase	I-PRGE
(	O
MAPK	B-FUNC
)	O
pathways	B-PROC
are	O
involved	O
in	O
cytokine	B-PROC
production	I-PROC
,	O
but	O
the	O
mechanisms	O
that	O
regulate	O
these	O
pathways	B-PROC
remain	O
poorly	O
characterized	O
.	O

After	O
LPS	B-DISO
-	O
injection	O
,	O
the	O
lungs	B-ANAT
were	O
harvested	O
to	O
assess	O
leukocyte	B-ANAT
infiltration	B-DISO
,	O
cytokine	O
and	O
chemokine	B-PROC
production	I-PROC
,	O
ERK	B-FUNC
-	O
MAPK	B-PROC
activation	I-PROC
and	O
immunopathology	B-DISO
.	O

U0126	B-CHED
,	O
a	O
selective	O
MEK	B-PRGE
/	O
ERK	B-FUNC
inhibitor	B-CHED
,	O
reduced	O
the	O
augmented	O
LPS	B-DISO
-	O
induced	O
inflammation	B-DISO
in	O
Spred	O
-	O
2	O
(-/-)	O
mice	B-SPEC
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
LPS	B-DISO
-	O
induced	O
acute	O
lung	B-DISO
inflammation	I-DISO
was	O
significantly	O
exacerbated	O
in	O
Spred	O
-	O
2	O
(-/-)	O
mice	B-SPEC
compared	O
with	O
WT	O
mice	B-SPEC
,	O
as	O
indicated	O
by	O
the	O
numbers	O
of	O
infiltrating	B-DISO
leukocytes	B-ANAT
,	O
levels	O
of	O
alveolar	B-PRGE
TNF	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
α	I-PRGE
,	O
CXCL2	B-PRGE
and	O
CCL2	B-PRGE
in	O
a	O
later	O
phase	O
,	O
and	O
lung	B-ANAT
pathology	B-DISO
.	O

A	O
Cox	O
proportional	O
hazards	O
model	O
adjusted	O
for	O
age	O
,	O
sex	O
and	O
frailty	O
,	O
determined	O
the	O
relationship	O
between	O
immune	O
phenotypes	O
and	O
time	O
to	O
viral	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Characterization	O
of	O
uncultivable	O
bat	B-ENZY
influenza	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
using	O
a	O
replicative	O
synthetic	O
virus	B-SPEC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Ribavirin	B-CHED
and	O
interferon	B-PRGE
alfa	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
2a	I-PRGE
for	O
severe	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
infection	I-DISO
:	O
a	O
retrospective	O
cohort	O
study	O
.	O

This	O
report	O
describes	O
timing	O
of	O
antibody	B-COMP
generation	O
and	O
disease	B-DISO
progression	I-DISO
following	O
infection	B-DISO
with	O
a	O
US	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
isolate	O
by	O
assessing	O
fecal	B-ANAT
viral	B-DISO
shedding	I-DISO
,	O
morphometric	O
analysis	O
of	O
intestinal	B-ANAT
lesions	O
,	O
and	O
magnitude	O
of	O
immunohistochemical	O
staining	O
.	O

Multivariable	O
prevalence	O
ratios	O
(	O
mPRs	O
)	O
were	O
used	O
to	O
assess	O
the	O
association	O
between	O
alcohol	O
intake	O
and	O
HPV	O
infections	B-DISO
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Prevalent	O
infections	B-DISO
were	O
significantly	O
higher	O
among	O
men	O
in	O
the	O
highest	O
quartile	O
of	O
alcohol	O
intake	O
and	O
multivariable	O
models	O
revealed	O
that	O
the	O
highest	O
quartile	O
of	O
alcohol	O
intake	O
was	O
associated	O
with	O
significantly	O
increased	O
risks	O
for	O
any	O
(	O
mPR	O
=	O
1	O
.	O
13	O
;	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
1	O
.	O
00	O
to	O
1	O
.	O
27	O
)	O
HPV	O
types	O
and	O
oncogenic	O
(	O
mPR	O
=	O
1	O
.	O
35	O
;	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
1	O
.	O
08	O
to	O
1	O
.	O
68	O
)	O
HPV	O
types	O
.	O

These	O
S	O
INDEL	B-PROC
strains	O
share	O
99	O
.	O
8	O
%-	O
100	O
%	O
nt	O
identity	O
with	O
each	O
other	O
and	O
96	O
.	O
2	O
%-	O
96	O
.	O
7	O
%	O
nt	O
identity	O
with	O
the	O
initial	O
US	O
strains	O
.	O

The	O
lung	B-ANAT
is	O
constantly	O
exposed	O
to	O
the	O
environment	O
and	O
is	O
susceptible	O
to	O
infectious	B-DISO
complications	O
caused	O
by	O
bacterial	O
,	O
viral	O
,	O
fungal	O
,	O
and	O
parasitic	O
pathogens	O
.	O

The	O
findings	O
of	O
this	O
investigation	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
associated	O
ancillary	O
studies	O
,	O
will	O
be	O
disseminated	O
in	O
the	O
form	O
of	O
oral	B-ANAT
and	O
abstract	O
presentations	O
at	O
major	O
national	O
and	O
international	O
medical	O
specialty	O
meetings	O
.	O

Immunoglobulin	B-PRGE
G	I-PRGE
(	O
IgG	B-PRGE
)	O
titres	O
peaked	O
3	O
weeks	O
after	O
the	O
onset	O
of	O
illness	O
,	O
whilst	O
IgM	B-PRGE
levels	O
remained	O
constantly	O
elevated	O
during	O
the	O
follow	O
-	O
up	O
period	O
(	O
second	O
to	O
fifth	O
week	O
of	O
illness	O
).	O

MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
pseudovirion	O
infection	O
was	O
shown	O
to	O
be	O
enhanced	O
by	O
elevated	O
levels	O
of	O
furin	B-PRGE
expression	B-PROC
,	O
and	O
entry	O
could	O
be	O
decreased	O
by	O
furin	B-PRGE
siRNA	I-PRGE
silencing	O
.	O

Overall	O
,	O
we	O
show	O
that	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
has	O
evolved	O
an	O
unusual	O
two	O
-	O
step	O
furin	B-PRGE
activation	O
for	O
fusion	O
,	O
suggestive	O
of	O
a	O
role	O
during	O
the	O
process	O
of	O
emergence	O
into	O
the	O
human	B-SPEC
population	O
.	O

Zoonotic	O
transmission	O
of	O
CoVs	O
such	O
as	O
the	O
recently	O
identified	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
(	O
MERS	O
)-	O
CoV	O
and	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)-	O
CoV	O
,	O
on	O
the	O
other	O
hand	O
,	O
may	O
be	O
associated	O
with	O
severe	O
lower	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
tract	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
.	O

This	O
article	O
reviews	O
the	O
clinical	O
and	O
pathological	O
data	O
available	O
on	O
MERS	O
and	O
compares	O
it	O
to	O
SARS	B-DISO
.	O

Most	O
importantly	O
,	O
chest	B-ANAT
radiographs	O
and	O
imaging	O
results	O
of	O
patients	O
with	O
MERS	O
show	O
features	O
that	O
resemble	O
the	O
findings	O
of	O
organizing	B-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
,	O
different	O
from	O
the	O
lesions	O
in	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
,	O
which	O
show	O
fibrocellular	O
intra	O
-	O
alveolar	B-ANAT
organization	O
with	O
a	O
bronchiolitis	B-DISO
obliterans	I-DISO
organizing	I-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
-	O
like	O
pattern	O
.	O

Analyzing	O
only	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
hypoxemia	O
(	O
i	O
.	O
e	O
.,	O
a	O
ratio	O
of	O
partial	O
oxygen	B-CHED
pressure	O
in	O
the	O
blood	B-ANAT
to	O
the	O
fraction	O
of	O
inspired	B-PROC
oxygen	B-CHED
<	O
100	O
mmHg	O
),	O
the	O
increased	O
cost	O
was	O
R	O
$=-	O
5	O
,	O
714	O
.	O
00	O
/	O
272	O
.	O
00	O
,	O
with	O
a	O
cost	O
per	O
six	O
-	O
month	O
quality	O
-	O
adjusted	O
life	O
-	O
year	O
gained	O
of	O
R	O
$=-	O
9	O
,	O
521	O
.	O
00	O
/	O
293	O
.	O
00	O
and	O
a	O
cost	O
of	O
R	O
$=-	O
280	O
.	O
00	O
/	O
7	O
.	O
00	O
per	O
quality	O
-	O
adjusted	O
life	O
-	O
year	O
gained	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Nucleocapsid	B-ANAT
phosphorylation	B-PROC
and	O
RNA	B-PRGE
helicase	I-PRGE
DDX1	I-PRGE
recruitment	B-DISO
enables	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
transition	B-DISO
from	O
discontinuous	O
to	O
continuous	O
transcription	B-PROC
.	O

DDX1	B-PRGE
knockdown	O
or	O
loss	O
of	O
helicase	B-FUNC
activity	I-FUNC
markedly	O
reduces	O
the	O
levels	O
of	O
longer	O
sgmRNAs	O
.	O

The	O
polysaccharide	B-CHED
exhibited	O
potent	O
antiviral	B-CHED
activity	O
against	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
reducing	O
the	O
formation	B-PROC
of	O
a	O
visible	O
CPE	O
[	O
a	O
50	O
%	O
inhibitory	O
concentration	O
(	O
IC50	O
)=	O
1	O
.	O
7	O
±	O
1	O
.	O
3μg	O
/	O
mL	O
],	O
compared	O
to	O
positive	O
control	O
,	O
ribavirin	B-CHED
and	O
it	O
did	O
not	O
show	O
cytotoxicity	B-DISO
at	O
100μg	O
/	O
mL	O
[	O
a	O
50	O
%	O
cytotoxicity	B-DISO
concentration	O
(	O
CC50	O
)=	O
100μg	O
/	O
mL	O
].	O

Therefore	O
,	O
polysaccharide	B-CHED
possessing	O
effective	O
inhibitory	O
effect	O
on	O
viral	O
attachment	O
and	O
entry	O
steps	O
of	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
life	O
cycle	O
is	O
a	O
good	O
candidate	O
for	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
antivirals	B-CHED
.	O

Among	O
independently	O
significant	O
variables	O
,	O
shock	O
,	O
severe	O
anaemia	B-DISO
,	O
bradycardia	B-DISO
,	O
Glasgow	O
coma	B-DISO
scale	O
(	O
GCS	O
)	O
of	O
less	O
than	O
eight	O
and	O
refractory	O
seizures	B-DISO
were	O
found	O
to	O
be	O
significant	O
and	O
other	O
variables	O
like	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
,	O
multiorgan	O
dysfunction	O
syndrome	B-DISO
and	O
abnormal	O
coagulation	B-PROC
profile	O
were	O
found	O
insignificant	O
on	O
full	O
model	O
of	O
multivariate	O
regression	O
analysis	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Outcome	O
and	O
characteristics	O
of	O
infants	O
with	O
acute	B-DISO
viral	I-DISO
bronchiolitis	I-DISO
submitted	O
to	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
in	O
a	O
Brazilian	O
pediatric	O
intensive	O
care	O
.	O

We	O
performed	O
a	O
retrospective	O
study	O
enrolling	O
all	O
infants	O
(	O
less	O
than	O
12	O
months	O
old	O
)	O
admitted	O
with	O
the	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
acute	B-DISO
viral	I-DISO
bronchiolitis	I-DISO
and	O
submitted	O
to	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
in	O
an	O
university	O
affiliated	O
Brazilian	O
pediatric	O
intensive	O
care	O
unit	O
between	O
March	O
,	O
2004	O
and	O
September	O
,	O
2006	O
(	O
3	O
consecutives	O
winters	O
).	O

The	O
declining	O
mortality	O
in	O
acute	B-DISO
viral	I-DISO
bronchiolitis	I-DISO
is	O
observed	O
even	O
in	O
non	O
developed	O
regions	O
,	O
involving	O
children	O
with	O
high	O
rates	O
of	O
anemia	B-DISO
and	O
premature	B-DISO
labor	I-DISO
.	O

Concomitant	O
infections	B-DISO
and	O
low	O
albumin	B-PRGE
were	O
found	O
to	O
be	O
predictors	O
of	O
severe	O
infection	B-DISO
,	O
while	O
age	O
≥	O
65	O
years	O
was	O
the	O
only	O
predictor	O
of	O
increased	O
mortality	O
.	O

In	O
cells	B-COMP
under	O
prolonged	O
and	O
irremediable	O
ER	O
stress	O
,	O
UPR	O
can	O
also	O
trigger	O
apoptotic	B-PROC
cell	I-PROC
death	I-PROC
.	O

Therefore	O
,	O
studies	O
on	O
the	O
UPR	O
are	O
pivotal	O
in	O
elucidating	O
the	O
complicated	O
issue	O
of	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
-	O
host	B-COMP
interaction	O
.	O

Patients	O
who	O
did	O
not	O
tolerate	O
the	O
protocol	O
were	O
usually	O
in	O
more	O
severe	O
condition	B-DISO
,	O
though	O
a	O
larger	O
sample	O
would	O
be	O
needed	O
to	O
detect	O
specific	O
characteristics	O
of	O
this	O
group	O
.	O

For	O
these	O
patients	O
there	O
were	O
no	O
changes	O
in	O
oxygenation	B-PROC
,	O
with	O
a	O
PaO2	O
/	O
FiO2	O
of	O
216mmHg	O
(	O
IQR	O
137	O
,	O
260	O
)	O
at	O
the	O
beginning	O
versus	O
205mmHg	O
(	O
IQR	O
99	O
,	O
257	O
)	O
at	O
the	O
end	O
of	O
the	O
study	O
(	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
08	O
).	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
Three	O
out	O
of	O
four	O
hypoxic	B-DISO
patients	O
with	O
elevated	O
EVLWI	O
tolerated	O
the	O
NFB	O
protocol	O
.	O

This	O
national	O
and	O
international	O
'	O
s	O
scientific	O
literature	O
review	O
was	O
developed	O
according	O
to	O
criteria	O
established	O
for	O
documentary	O
research	O
in	O
the	O
MedLine	O
,	O
LILACS	B-SPEC
,	O
SciElo	O
,	O
PubMed	O
and	O
Cochrane	O
,	O
databases	O
using	O
the	O
key	O
words	O
:	O
chronic	B-DISO
obstructive	I-DISO
pulmonary	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
and	O
noninvasive	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Differential	O
response	O
of	O
porcine	B-SPEC
immature	B-ANAT
monocyte	I-ANAT
-	O
derived	O
dendritic	B-ANAT
cells	B-COMP
to	O
virulent	O
and	O
inactivated	O
transmissible	O
gastroenteritis	O
virus	B-SPEC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Exposure	O
of	O
piglets	O
less	O
than	O
2	O
weeks	O
of	O
age	O
to	O
virulent	O
transmissible	O
gastroenteritis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
)	O
gives	O
rise	O
to	O
mortality	O
as	O
high	O
as	O
100	O
%,	O
and	O
adult	O
pigs	B-SPEC
recovering	O
from	O
its	O
infection	B-DISO
often	O
become	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
carriers	O
.	O

These	O
facts	O
suggest	O
an	O
evasion	O
of	O
the	O
immune	B-ANAT
system	I-ANAT
by	O
virulent	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
.	O

The	O
aim	O
was	O
to	O
compare	O
the	O
results	O
of	O
IFAT	O
,	O
ELISA	O
and	O
PCR	O
and	O
to	O
investigate	O
the	O
possible	O
associations	O
between	O
seropositivity	O
to	O
Leishmania	B-SPEC
spp	B-ENZY
and	O
signalment	O
,	O
living	O
conditions	O
,	O
season	O
of	O
sampling	O
,	O
health	O
status	O
of	O
the	O
cats	B-SPEC
,	O
and	O
seropositivity	O
to	O
other	O
infectious	B-DISO
agents	O
.	O

It	O
causes	O
two	O
syndromes	B-DISO
:	O
hemorrhagic	B-DISO
fever	I-DISO
with	I-DISO
renal	B-ANAT
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
HFRS	B-DISO
),	O
endemic	O
in	O
Asia	O
and	O
Europe	O
and	O
the	O
Hantavirus	B-DISO
pulmonary	B-ANAT
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
HPS	B-DISO
),	O
found	O
in	O
the	O
American	O
continent	O
,	O
including	O
Brazil	O
,	O
with	O
high	O
mortality	O
rates	O
.	O

The	O
aim	O
of	O
this	O
study	O
is	O
to	O
report	O
a	O
case	O
of	O
HPS	B-DISO
with	O
multiple	B-DISO
organ	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
,	O
managed	O
with	O
early	O
goal	O
-	O
directed	O
therapy	O
guided	O
by	O
flow	O
and	O
tissue	B-ANAT
perfusion	O
parameters	O
.	O

A	O
36	O
year	O
-	O
old	O
male	O
had	O
fever	B-PROC
with	O
progressive	O
dispnea	O
,	O
severe	O
hypoxia	B-DISO
and	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
.	O

Several	O
""""	O
negative	O
""""	O
randomized	O
controlled	O
trials	O
of	O
high	O
-	O
dose	O
of	O
glucocorticoids	B-CHED
given	O
for	O
a	O
short	O
period	O
of	O
time	O
in	O
the	O
early	O
course	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
sepsis	I-DISO
or	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
raised	O
serious	O
doubts	O
on	O
the	O
benefit	O
of	O
this	O
treatment	O
.	O

During	O
sepsis	B-DISO
,	O
hemodynamic	B-DISO
instability	I-DISO
and	O
perpetuation	O
of	O
inflammatory	O
state	O
may	O
result	O
from	O
adrenal	B-DISO
insufficiency	I-DISO
(	O
AI	O
).	O

Nerve	B-ANAT
-	O
evoked	O
EFS	B-CHED
contractions	B-DISO
(	O
tetrodotoxin	B-CHED
-	O
sensitive	O
)	O
were	O
blocked	O
by	O
a	O
combination	O
of	O
atropine	B-CHED
(	O
cholinergic	B-CHED
antagonist	I-CHED
)	O
and	O
α	O
,	O
β	O
-	O
methylene	B-CHED
ATP	B-PRGE
(	O
an	O
ATP	B-CHED
analog	O
that	O
desensitizes	O
purinergic	O
receptors	O
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Inhaled	B-PROC
nitric	B-CHED
oxide	I-CHED
for	O
children	O
with	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
].	O

This	O
review	O
was	O
organized	O
as	O
follows	O
:	O
introduction	O
;	O
metabolism	B-PROC
and	O
biological	O
effects	O
;	O
clinical	O
applications	O
;	O
dosage	O
,	O
gas	B-ENZY
administration	O
and	O
weaning	B-PROC
process	O
;	O
warnings	O
and	O
side	O
-	O
effects	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Varicella	B-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
complicated	O
with	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
:	O
two	O
cases	O
report	O
].	O

We	O
report	O
two	O
cases	O
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
secondary	O
to	O
varicella	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
zoster	B-DISO
virus	I-SPEC
pneumonia	B-DISO
.	O

We	O
report	O
two	O
cases	O
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
and	O
multiple	B-DISO
organ	I-DISO
dysfunction	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
MODS	B-DISO
)	O
secondary	O
to	O
varicella	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
zoster	B-DISO
virus	I-SPEC
pneumonia	B-DISO
.	O

Lab	B-PRGE
tests	O
made	O
upon	O
his	O
admission	O
showed	O
hyperbilirubinemia	B-DISO
at	O
a	O
level	O
of	O
50	O
mg	O
/	O
dL	O
,	O
severe	O
metabolic	B-DISO
acidosis	I-DISO
,	O
thrombocytopenia	O
,	O
creatinine	B-CHED
levels	O
of	O
5	O
.	O
6	O
mg	O
/	O
dL	O
and	O
leukocytosis	B-DISO
with	O
deviation	O
through	O
metamyelocytes	B-ANAT
.	O

The	O
APACHE	O
II	O
score	O
was	O
37	O
,	O
with	O
death	B-PROC
estimated	O
risk	O
of	O
88	O
%.	O

The	O
presence	O
of	O
rotavirus	B-SPEC
was	O
correlated	O
with	O
diarrheic	O
feces	B-ANAT
(	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
0001	O
)	O
rather	O
than	O
feces	B-ANAT
with	O
normal	O
consistency	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Autophagy	B-PROC
plays	O
important	O
roles	O
in	O
modulating	O
viral	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
and	O
antiviral	B-CHED
immune	B-PROC
response	I-PROC
.	O

Coronavirus	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
is	O
associated	O
with	O
the	O
autophagic	O
process	O
,	O
however	O
,	O
little	O
is	O
known	O
about	O
the	O
mechanisms	O
of	O
autophagy	B-PROC
induction	O
and	O
its	O
contribution	O
to	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
regulation	B-PROC
of	O
host	B-COMP
innate	O
responses	O
.	O

In	O
addition	O
,	O
H9N2	O
viral	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
resulted	O
in	O
severe	O
progressive	O
hypoxemia	O
,	O
lymphopenia	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
a	O
significant	O
increase	O
in	O
interleukin	B-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
,	O
interleukin	B-PRGE
6	I-PRGE
,	O
tumor	B-FUNC
necrosis	I-FUNC
factor	I-FUNC
,	O
and	O
interferon	B-PRGE
in	O
BALF	O
and	O
serum	B-COMP
.	O

Our	O
data	O
may	O
facilitate	O
the	O
future	O
studies	O
of	O
potential	O
avian	B-SPEC
H9N2	O
disease	O
in	O
humans	B-SPEC
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
H9N2	O
-	O
AIV	O
-	O
infected	O
mice	B-SPEC
exhibited	O
severe	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
,	O
with	O
a	O
mortality	O
rate	O
of	O
50	O
%.	O

A	O
mailed	O
survey	O
sent	O
after	O
the	O
H1N1	O
outbreak	O
compared	O
with	O
the	O
results	O
of	O
similar	O
survey	O
completed	O
after	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
outbreak	O
.	O

The	O
aim	O
of	O
this	O
study	O
was	O
to	O
determine	O
the	O
frequencies	O
for	O
a	O
large	O
range	O
of	O
respiratory	O
viruses	B-SPEC
using	O
a	O
sensitive	O
molecular	O
detection	O
technique	O
in	O
specimens	O
from	O
outpatients	O
of	O
all	O
ages	O
with	O
ARIs	O
.	O

Among	O
79	O
,	O
341	O
screened	O
patients	O
,	O
1	O
,	O
032	O
met	B-CHED
inclusion	O
criteria	O
.	O

A	O
model	O
using	O
comorbid	O
conditions	O
and	O
physiologic	O
variables	O
on	O
the	O
day	O
of	O
developing	O
severe	O
hypoxemic	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
can	O
predict	O
hospital	O
mortality	O
.	O

Hyperammonemia	B-DISO
could	O
contribute	O
to	O
signs	O
of	O
encephalopathic	O
disease	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
fecal	B-ANAT
viral	O
load	O
might	O
be	O
of	O
prognostic	O
value	O
in	O
affected	O
horses	B-SPEC
.	O

MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
replication	O
depends	O
in	O
part	O
on	O
a	O
virus	B-SPEC
-	O
encoded	O
papain	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
like	I-PRGE
protease	I-PRGE
(	O
PL	O
(	O
pro	B-CHED
))	O
that	O
cleaves	O
the	O
viral	B-PRGE
replicase	I-PRGE
polyproteins	I-PRGE
at	I-PRGE
three	I-PRGE
sites	I-PRGE
releasing	I-PRGE
non	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
structural	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
(	O
nsp1	B-PRGE
),	O
nsp2	B-PRGE
,	O
and	O
nsp3	B-PRGE
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Laboratory	O
capability	O
and	O
surveillance	O
testing	O
for	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
infection	I-DISO
in	O
the	O
WHO	O
European	O
Region	O
,	O
June	O
2013	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Chronic	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
due	O
to	O
toxic	O
epidermal	B-DISO
necrosis	B-PROC
in	O
a	O
10	O
year	O
old	O
girl	O
.	O

Close	O
monitoring	O
of	O
respiratory	B-DISO
symptoms	I-DISO
in	O
the	O
course	O
of	O
toxic	O
epidermal	B-DISO
necrosis	B-PROC
,	O
intense	O
treatment	O
as	O
soon	O
as	O
they	O
appear	O
and	O
a	O
long	O
-	O
term	O
follow	O
-	O
up	O
are	O
essential	O
to	O
postpone	O
chronic	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
.	O

After	O
abdominal	B-ANAT
decompression	O
,	O
the	O
multiorgan	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
was	O
reversed	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Challenging	O
rescue	O
of	O
a	O
4	O
years	O
old	O
boy	O
with	O
H1N1	O
infection	B-DISO
by	O
extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenator	O
:	O
A	O
case	O
report	O
.	O

Extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenator	O
(	O
ECMO	O
)	O
therapy	O
for	O
patients	O
with	O
H1N1	O
related	O
ARDS	B-DISO
has	O
been	O
described	O
once	O
all	O
other	O
therapeutic	O
options	O
have	O
been	O
exhausted	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
G	O
-	O
quadruplexes	O
in	O
viruses	B-SPEC
:	O
function	O
and	O
potential	O
therapeutic	O
applications	O
.	O

Complete	O
sequencing	O
of	O
the	O
human	B-SPEC
genome	O
highlighted	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
∼	O
300	O
,	O
000	O
sequences	O
that	O
can	O
potentially	O
form	O
G4s	O
.	O

Moreover	O
,	O
a	O
role	O
for	O
G4s	B-PRGE
has	O
been	O
proposed	O
in	O
cellular	B-COMP
and	O
viral	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
,	O
recombination	B-PROC
and	O
gene	B-PROC
expression	I-PROC
control	O
.	O

Gene	O
ontology	O
analysis	O
of	O
the	O
altered	O
proteins	B-CHED
showed	O
enrichment	O
in	O
multiple	O
biological	B-PROC
processes	I-PROC
,	O
including	O
cell	B-PROC
adhesion	B-DISO
,	O
response	B-PROC
to	I-PROC
stress	I-PROC
,	O
generation	B-PROC
of	I-PROC
precursor	I-PROC
metabolites	I-PROC
and	I-PROC
energy	I-PROC
,	O
cell	B-PROC
motility	B-PROC
,	O
protein	B-PROC
complex	I-PROC
assembly	I-PROC
,	O
growth	B-PROC
,	O
developmental	B-PROC
maturation	I-PROC
,	O
immune	B-PROC
system	I-PROC
process	I-PROC
,	O
extracellular	B-PROC
matrix	I-PROC
organization	I-PROC
,	O
locomotion	O
,	O
cell	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
cell	B-COMP
signaling	I-PROC
,	O
neurological	B-PROC
system	I-PROC
process	I-PROC
,	O
and	O
cell	B-PROC
junction	I-PROC
organization	I-PROC
.	O

However	O
,	O
sometimes	O
the	O
other	O
reasons	O
for	O
acute	B-DISO
coronary	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
and	O
heart	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
are	O
found	O
.	O

One	O
of	O
such	O
reasons	O
is	O
hypereosinophilia	B-DISO
which	O
can	O
be	O
recognized	O
if	O
number	O
of	O
blood	B-ANAT
eosinophils	I-ANAT
exceeds	O
1500	O
/	O
mm3	O
.	O

The	O
most	O
dangerous	O
for	O
patients	O
is	O
involvement	O
of	O
the	O
nervous	B-DISO
and	O
cardiovascular	B-ANAT
systems	I-ANAT
.	O

None	O
of	O
the	O
participants	O
were	O
positive	O
for	O
the	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
.	O

Furthermore	O
,	O
in	O
the	O
liver	B-ANAT
of	O
infected	O
chickens	B-SPEC
,	O
the	O
MBL	B-PRGE
expression	B-PROC
was	O
upregulated	O
at	O
day	O
7	O
p	O
.	O
i	O
.,	O
despite	O
the	O
fact	O
that	O
the	O
MBL	O
serum	B-COMP
concentrations	O
were	O
decreased	O
below	O
baseline	O
at	O
that	O
time	O
point	O
.	O

Furthermore	O
,	O
at	O
week	O
3	O
p	O
.	O
i	O
.,	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
monocytes	B-ANAT
was	O
higher	O
in	O
infected	O
and	O
noninfected	O
L10H	O
chickens	B-SPEC
than	O
in	O
the	O
infected	O
and	O
noninfected	O
L10L	O
chickens	B-SPEC
.	O

SARS	B-DISO
is	O
a	O
threat	O
which	O
is	O
similar	O
to	O
MERS	O
virus	B-SPEC
,	O
but	O
the	O
comorbidity	O
is	O
the	O
key	O
aspect	O
to	O
underline	O
their	O
different	O
impacts	O
.	O

Moreover	O
,	O
SARS	B-DISO
and	O
HIV	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
dysregulate	O
4	O
genes	O
(	O
ANXA3	B-PRGE
,	O
GNS	B-PRGE
,	O
HIST1H1C	B-PRGE
,	O
RASA3	B-PRGE
)	O
and	O
3	O
genes	O
(	O
HBA1	B-PRGE
,	O
TFRC	B-PRGE
,	O
GHITM	B-PRGE
)	O
respectively	O
that	O
affect	O
the	O
ageing	B-PROC
process	O
.	O

It	O
can	O
be	O
defined	O
as	O
adverse	O
physiologic	O
consequences	O
that	O
occur	O
as	O
a	O
result	O
of	O
an	O
acute	O
increase	O
in	O
the	O
intra	O
-	O
abdominal	B-ANAT
pressure	O
.	O

The	O
most	O
common	O
causes	O
are	O
retroperitoneal	B-ANAT
haemorrhage	B-DISO
,	O
pancreatitis	B-DISO
,	O
bowel	B-DISO
obstruction	I-DISO
,	O
tense	B-DISO
ascites	O
,	O
peritonitis	B-DISO
and	O
serious	O
visceral	B-DISO
edema	I-DISO
due	O
to	O
massive	O
fluid	O
resuscitation	O
.	O

The	O
diagnostic	O
method	O
is	O
the	O
intra	O
-	O
abdominal	B-ANAT
pressure	O
monitoring	O
.	O

In	O
our	O
study	O
,	O
BALB	O
/	O
c	O
mice	B-SPEC
were	O
stimulated	O
with	O
LPS	B-DISO
to	O
induce	O
ALI	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Conditions	O
for	O
the	O
transmission	O
of	O
Hantavirus	B-SPEC
in	O
Rio	O
Negro	O
,	O
Argentina	B-SPEC
].	O

In	O
Patagonia	O
the	O
disease	O
is	O
caused	O
by	O
the	O
Andes	B-SPEC
Virus	I-SPEC
(	O
AND	O
)	O
and	O
transmitted	B-DISO
by	O
the	O
rodent	B-SPEC
Oligoryzomys	B-SPEC
longicaudatus	I-SPEC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Inhibition	B-PROC
of	O
endoplasmic	B-COMP
reticulum	I-COMP
-	O
resident	O
glucosidases	O
impairs	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
and	O
human	B-PRGE
coronavirus	I-PRGE
NL63	I-PRGE
spike	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
-	O
mediated	O
entry	O
by	O
altering	O
the	O
glycan	B-CHED
processing	O
of	O
angiotensin	B-PRGE
I	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
converting	I-PRGE
enzyme	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
.	O

Hence	O
,	O
in	O
addition	O
to	O
reducing	O
the	O
production	O
of	O
infectious	B-DISO
virions	B-COMP
,	O
inhibition	B-PROC
of	O
ER	O
glucosidases	O
also	O
impairs	O
the	O
entry	O
of	O
selected	O
viruses	B-SPEC
via	O
a	O
post	O
-	O
receptor	O
-	O
binding	B-FUNC
mechanism	O
.	O

RecV	O
was	O
determined	O
as	O
the	O
time	O
-	O
dependent	O
increase	O
in	O
end	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
expiratory	I-PROC
volume	O
following	O
the	O
first	O
expiration	B-PROC
to	O
the	O
new	O
PEEP	B-CHED
level	O
(	O
ΔTDV	O
).	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
Our	O
findings	O
suggest	O
that	O
RecV	O
predominately	O
measures	O
a	O
slow	O
fraction	O
of	O
inflation	O
of	O
already	O
aerated	O
lung	B-ANAT
tissue	I-ANAT
and	O
not	O
recruitment	B-DISO
of	O
collapsed	O
alveoli	B-ANAT
.	O

Hemoglobin	B-PRGE
concentrations	O
were	O
kept	O
between	O
7	O
and	O
9	O
g	O
/	O
dL	O
with	O
a	O
transfusion	O
trigger	O
at	O
7	O
g	O
/	O
dL	O
or	O
when	O
physiological	O
transfusion	O
triggers	O
were	O
apparent	O
.	O

Chinese	O
Clinical	O
Trial	O
Registry	O
(	O
ChiCTR	O
-	O
OCH	B-CHED
-	O
14005076	O
).	O

Treatment	O
with	O
S	O
-	O
1226	O
for	O
2	O
minutes	O
following	O
HDM	O
challenge	O
resulted	O
in	O
a	O
more	O
rapid	O
,	O
more	O
profound	O
and	O
more	O
prolonged	O
decline	O
in	O
lung	B-ANAT
resistance	B-PROC
compared	O
with	O
the	O
other	O
treatment	O
interventions	O
.	O

Video	O
bronchoscopy	O
showed	O
an	O
immediate	O
and	O
complete	O
(	O
within	O
5	O
seconds	O
)	O
re	O
-	O
opening	O
of	O
MCh	B-FUNC
-	O
constricted	O
airways	O
following	O
treatment	O
with	O
S	O
-	O
1226	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Lack	O
of	O
detection	O
of	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
in	O
mild	O
and	O
severe	O
respiratory	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
in	O
Catalonia	O
,	O
northeastern	O
Spain	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Our	O
ability	O
to	O
respond	O
appropriately	O
to	O
infectious	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
is	O
enhanced	O
by	O
identifying	O
differences	O
in	O
the	O
potential	O
for	O
transmitting	O
infection	B-DISO
between	O
individuals	O
.	O

Our	O
approach	O
provides	O
insight	O
into	O
a	O
variety	O
of	O
scenarios	O
,	O
including	O
the	O
transmission	O
of	O
Middle	O
East	O
Respiratory	O
Syndrome	B-DISO
Coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
in	O
the	O
Arabian	O
peninsula	O
,	O
measles	B-PATH
in	O
North	O
America	O
,	O
pre	O
-	O
eradication	O
smallpox	B-DISO
in	O
Europe	O
,	O
and	O
human	B-DISO
monkeypox	I-DISO
in	O
the	O
Democratic	O
Republic	O
of	O
the	O
Congo	O
.	O

Meanwhile	O
,	O
chain	O
size	O
data	O
for	O
measles	O
in	O
the	O
United	O
States	O
and	O
Canada	O
reveal	O
statistically	O
significant	O
geographic	O
variation	O
in	O
R	O
eff	O
,	O
suggesting	O
that	O
the	O
timing	O
and	O
coverage	O
of	O
national	O
vaccination	O
programs	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
contact	O
tracing	O
procedures	O
,	O
may	O
shape	O
the	O
size	O
distribution	O
of	O
observed	O
infection	B-DISO
clusters	B-CHED
.	O

In	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
liquid	O
chromatography	O
-	O
tandem	O
mass	O
spectrometry	O
coupled	O
to	O
isobaric	O
tags	O
for	O
relative	O
and	O
absolute	O
quantification	O
labeling	O
was	O
used	O
to	O
quantitatively	O
identify	O
differentially	O
expressed	B-PROC
cellular	B-COMP
proteins	B-CHED
after	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
in	O
PK	O
-	O
15	O
cells	B-COMP
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Mouse	B-SPEC
hepatitis	I-DISO
virus	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
upregulates	O
genes	O
involved	O
in	O
innate	B-DISO
immune	I-DISO
responses	I-DISO
.	O

RSA59	O
induced	O
neuropathology	B-DISO
is	O
partially	O
caused	O
by	O
activation	O
of	O
CNS	B-CHED
resident	O
microglia	B-ANAT
,	O
as	O
demonstrated	O
by	O
changes	O
in	O
cellular	B-COMP
morphology	O
and	O
increased	O
expression	B-PROC
of	O
a	O
microglia	B-ANAT
/	O
macrophage	B-ANAT
specific	O
calcium	B-FUNC
ion	I-FUNC
binding	I-FUNC
factor	O
,	O
Iba1	B-PRGE
.	O

The	O
most	O
common	O
symptoms	O
at	O
the	O
onset	O
of	O
illness	O
were	O
high	O
fever	O
and	O
cough	B-DISO
.	O

Treatment	O
with	O
antiviral	B-CHED
drugs	I-CHED
was	O
initiated	O
in	O
all	O
the	O
patients	O
at	O
a	O
median	O
of	O
8	O
days	O
after	O
the	O
onset	O
of	O
illness	O
.	O

The	O
reviews	O
assembled	O
here	O
focus	O
on	O
the	O
interface	O
between	O
virology	O
and	O
pathology	B-DISO
and	O
encompass	O
aspects	O
of	O
both	O
the	O
clinical	O
pathology	B-DISO
of	O
viral	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
and	O
the	O
underlying	O
disease	O
mechanisms	O
.	O

The	O
authors	O
found	O
that	O
:	O
(	O
1	O
)	O
UP	O
-	O
MVcontr	O
reduced	O
diffuse	B-DISO
alveolar	I-DISO
damage	I-DISO
score	O
in	O
dorsal	O
lung	B-ANAT
zones	O
(	O
median	O
[	O
interquartile	O
])	O
(	O
12	O
.	O
0	O
[	O
7	O
.	O
0	O
to	O
16	O
.	O
8	O
]	O
vs	O
.	O
22	O
.	O
5	O
[	O
13	O
.	O
8	O
to	O
40	O
.	O
8	O
]),	O
but	O
worsened	O
oxygenation	B-PROC
and	O
intrapulmonary	O
shunt	O
,	O
compared	O
to	O
P	O
-	O
MVcontr	O
;	O
(	O
2	O
)	O
UP	O
-	O
MVspont	O
and	O
UP	O
-	O
MVPS	O
improved	O
oxygenation	B-PROC
and	O
intrapulmonary	O
shunt	O
,	O
and	O
redistributed	O
ventilation	O
towards	O
dorsal	O
areas	O
,	O
as	O
compared	O
to	O
UP	O
-	O
MVcontr	O
;	O
(	O
3	O
)	O
compared	O
to	O
P	O
-	O
MVcontr	O
,	O
UP	O
-	O
MVcontr	O
and	O
UP	O
-	O
MVspont	O
,	O
UP	O
-	O
MVPS	O
yielded	O
higher	O
levels	O
of	O
tumor	B-PRGE
necrosis	I-PRGE
factor	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
α	I-PRGE
(	O
6	O
.	O
9	O
[	O
6	O
.	O
5	O
to	O
10	O
.	O
1	O
]	O
vs	O
.	O
2	O
.	O
8	O
[	O
2	O
.	O
2	O
to	O
3	O
.	O
0	O
],	O
3	O
.	O
6	O
[	O
3	O
.	O
0	O
to	O
4	O
.	O
7	O
]	O
and	O
4	O
.	O
0	O
[	O
2	O
.	O
8	O
to	O
4	O
.	O
4	O
]	O
pg	O
/	O
mg	O
,	O
respectively	O
)	O
and	O
interleukin	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
8	I-PRGE
(	O
216	O
.	O
8	O
[	O
113	O
.	O
5	O
to	O
343	O
.	O
5	O
]	O
vs	O
.	O
59	O
.	O
8	O
[	O
45	O
.	O
3	O
to	O
66	O
.	O
7	O
],	O
37	O
.	O
6	O
[	O
18	O
.	O
8	O
to	O
52	O
.	O
0	O
],	O
and	O
59	O
.	O
5	O
[	O
36	O
.	O
1	O
to	O
79	O
.	O
7	O
]	O
pg	O
/	O
mg	O
,	O
respectively	O
)	O
in	O
dorsal	O
lung	B-ANAT
zones	O
.	O

During	O
UP	O
-	O
MV	O
,	O
pressure	O
supported	O
SB	O
increased	O
lung	B-DISO
inflammation	I-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Use	O
of	O
High	O
-	O
Flow	O
Nasal	B-ANAT
Cannula	B-SPEC
Oxygen	B-CHED
Therapy	O
in	O
Subjects	O
With	O
ARDS	B-DISO
:	O
A	O
1	O
-	O
Year	O
Observational	O
Study	O
.	O

HFNC	O
indications	O
were	O
reviewed	O
,	O
and	O
demographics	O
,	O
clinical	O
characteristics	O
,	O
and	O
course	O
of	O
subjects	O
with	O
ARDS	B-DISO
according	O
to	O
intubation	O
need	O
were	O
compared	O
.	O

Higher	O
SAPS	B-PRGE
II	I-PRGE
scores	O
were	O
associated	O
with	O
HFNC	O
failure	O
in	O
multivariate	O
analysis	O
.	O

A	O
30	O
-	O
year	O
-	O
old	O
man	B-CHED
with	O
complicated	O
sickle	B-DISO
cell	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
presented	O
with	O
pain	O
,	O
fever	B-PROC
,	O
and	O
hypoxia	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
potential	O
for	O
complications	O
from	O
vancomycin	B-CHED
infusion	O
during	O
acute	O
sickle	O
crisis	O
should	O
be	O
considered	O
,	O
although	O
further	O
study	O
is	O
warranted	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
A	O
30	O
-	O
year	O
-	O
old	O
man	B-CHED
with	O
complicated	O
sickle	B-DISO
cell	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
presented	O
with	O
pain	O
,	O
fever	B-PROC
,	O
and	O
hypoxia	B-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
is	O
a	O
virus	B-SPEC
that	O
manifests	O
itself	O
in	O
viral	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
with	O
fever	B-PROC
,	O
cough	B-DISO
,	O
shortness	B-DISO
of	I-DISO
breath	I-DISO
,	O
renal	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
and	O
severe	O
acute	B-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
,	O
which	O
often	O
result	O
in	O
a	O
fatal	O
outcome	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Enveloped	O
viruses	O
need	O
to	O
fuse	O
with	O
a	O
host	B-COMP
cell	I-COMP
membrane	I-COMP
in	O
order	B-SPEC
to	O
deliver	O
their	O
genome	O
into	O
the	O
host	B-COMP
cell	I-COMP
.	O

While	O
some	O
viruses	B-SPEC
fuse	O
with	O
the	O
plasma	B-COMP
membrane	I-COMP
,	O
many	O
viruses	B-SPEC
are	O
endocytosed	O
prior	O
to	O
fusion	O
.	O

Using	O
siRNA	B-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
silencing	O
,	O
we	O
found	O
that	O
proteins	B-CHED
known	O
to	O
be	O
important	O
for	O
late	O
endosomal	O
maturation	B-PROC
and	O
endosome	B-COMP
-	O
lysosome	B-COMP
fusion	O
profoundly	O
promote	O
infection	B-DISO
of	O
cells	B-COMP
with	O
mouse	B-DISO
hepatitis	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MHV	B-SPEC
).	O

Compositional	O
analysis	O
revealed	O
,	O
reductions	O
in	O
fractional	O
compositions	O
of	O
saturated	O
PC	O
species	B-SPEC
with	O
elevated	O
levels	O
of	O
longer	O
acyl	O
chain	O
unsaturated	O
PC	O
species	B-SPEC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Activation	O
of	O
the	O
chicken	B-PRGE
type	I-PRGE
I	I-PRGE
interferon	I-PRGE
response	O
by	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Coronaviruses	O
from	O
both	O
the	O
Alphacoronavirus	O
and	O
Betacoronavirus	B-SPEC
genera	O
interfere	O
with	O
the	O
type	O
I	O
interferon	B-PRGE
(	O
IFN	B-PRGE
)	O
response	O
in	O
various	O
ways	O
,	O
ensuring	O
the	O
limited	O
activation	O
of	O
the	O
IFN	B-PRGE
response	O
in	O
most	O
cell	B-COMP
types	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Identification	O
of	O
avian	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
in	O
wild	O
aquatic	O
birds	B-SPEC
of	O
the	O
central	O
and	O
eastern	O
USA	O
.	O

We	O
tested	O
133	O
pooled	O
samples	O
representing	O
700	O
first	O
-	O
passage	O
(	O
in	O
eggs	O
)	O
and	O
303	O
direct	O
cloacal	B-ANAT
swab	O
transport	B-PROC
media	B-ANAT
samples	O
from	O
wild	O
aquatic	O
birds	B-SPEC
in	O
the	O
US	O
that	O
were	O
avian	B-DISO
influenza	I-DISO
-	O
negative	O
.	O

The	O
methyl	B-CHED
-	O
β	O
-	O
cyclodextrin	B-CHED
(	O
MβCD	O
)	O
was	O
employed	O
to	O
remove	O
cholesterol	B-CHED
and	O
to	O
disrupt	O
the	O
lipid	B-COMP
rafts	I-COMP
.	O

Via	B-PRGE
transmission	O
electron	O
microscopy	O
,	O
these	O
cells	B-COMP
were	O
classified	O
as	O
atypical	O
type	B-ANAT
II	I-ANAT
pneumocytes	I-ANAT
and	O
some	O
of	O
them	O
showed	O
cytoplasmic	B-COMP
vesicles	B-COMP
and	O
inclusions	O
.	O

This	O
case	O
report	O
documents	O
a	O
case	O
in	O
which	O
tapentadol	O
was	O
identified	O
as	O
the	O
cause	O
of	O
death	B-PROC
.	O

For	O
each	O
syndrome	B-DISO
17	O
-	O
27	O
%	O
of	O
participants	O
had	O
etiologic	O
diagnoses	O
that	O
would	O
be	O
non	O
-	O
responsive	O
to	O
ceftriaxone	B-CHED
,	O
but	O
responsive	O
to	O
other	O
available	O
antimicrobial	B-CHED
regimens	O
including	O
amphotericin	O
for	O
cryptococcosis	B-DISO
and	O
histoplasmosis	B-DISO
;	O
anti	O
-	O
tuberculosis	B-PATH
therapy	O
for	O
bacteremic	O
disseminated	B-DISO
tuberculosis	I-DISO
;	O
or	O
tetracycline	B-CHED
therapy	O
for	O
rickettsioses	O
and	O
Q	B-DISO
fever	I-DISO
.	O

The	O
recent	O
emergence	O
of	O
virulent	O
enteric	O
coronaviruses	O
[	O
porcine	B-SPEC
epidemic	I-SPEC
diarrhea	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
)]	O
in	O
North	O
America	O
and	O
Asia	O
,	O
for	O
which	O
no	O
vaccines	O
are	O
available	O
,	O
remains	O
a	O
challenge	O
for	O
the	O
global	O
swine	B-SPEC
industry	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Study	O
of	O
the	O
clinical	O
evolution	O
of	O
a	O
primary	O
ear	B-ANAT
,	O
nose	B-ANAT
,	O
and	O
throat	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
complicated	O
by	O
septic	B-DISO
thrombophlebitis	I-DISO
of	O
the	O
internal	B-ANAT
jugular	I-ANAT
vein	I-ANAT
.	O

From	O
1998	O
to	O
2010	O
,	O
23	O
patients	O
at	O
our	O
institution	O
were	O
diagnosed	O
with	O
a	O
septic	O
thrombosis	B-DISO
of	O
the	O
internal	B-ANAT
jugular	I-ANAT
vein	I-ANAT
.	O

To	O
date	O
,	O
no	O
effective	O
drugs	O
that	O
improve	O
the	O
clinical	O
outcome	O
of	O
influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
(	O
H7N9	O
)	O
virus	B-SPEC
-	O
infected	O
patients	O
have	O
been	O
identified	O
.	O

Angiotensin	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
converting	I-PRGE
enzyme	I-PRGE
(	O
ACE	B-PRGE
)	O
and	O
ACE2	B-PRGE
are	O
involved	O
in	O
several	O
pathologies	O
such	O
as	O
cardiovascular	B-ANAT
functions	O
,	O
renal	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
,	O
and	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
.	O

Moreover	O
,	O
ACE2	B-PRGE
deficiency	O
worsened	O
the	O
disease	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
markedly	O
,	O
mainly	O
by	O
targeting	B-PROC
the	O
angiotensin	B-CHED
II	I-CHED
type	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
receptor	I-PRGE
(	O
AT1	O
).	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Infection	B-DISO
by	O
pathogenic	O
viruses	O
results	O
in	O
rapid	O
epithelial	O
damage	O
and	O
significantly	O
impacts	O
on	O
the	O
condition	B-DISO
of	O
the	O
upper	B-ANAT
respiratory	I-ANAT
tract	I-ANAT
,	O
thus	O
the	O
effects	O
of	O
viral	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
may	O
induce	O
changes	O
in	O
microbiota	B-SPEC
.	O

The	O
genome	O
of	O
M	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
nonliquefaciens	I-SPEC
was	O
found	O
to	O
encode	O
various	O
proteins	B-CHED
that	O
may	O
play	B-DISO
roles	I-DISO
in	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
.	O

No	O
virus	B-SPEC
-	O
specific	O
bacterial	O
profile	O
was	O
discovered	O
,	O
but	O
comparative	O
analysis	O
of	O
healthy	O
adults	O
and	O
patients	O
identified	O
a	O
bacterium	B-SPEC
specific	O
to	O
young	O
patients	O
,	O
M	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
nonliquefaciens	I-SPEC
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
The	O
healthy	O
subjects	O
harbored	O
primarily	O
Streptococcus	B-SPEC
,	O
whereas	O
the	O
patients	O
showed	O
an	O
enrichment	O
of	O
Haemophilus	B-SPEC
or	O
Moraxella	B-SPEC
.	O

The	O
genome	O
of	O
M	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
nonliquefaciens	I-SPEC
was	O
found	O
to	O
encode	O
various	O
proteins	B-CHED
that	O
may	O
play	B-DISO
roles	I-DISO
in	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
.	O

For	O
many	O
emerging	O
bat	B-ENZY
viruses	B-SPEC
,	O
spillover	O
also	O
requires	O
viral	B-DISO
shedding	I-DISO
from	O
bats	B-SPEC
,	O
and	O
survival	O
of	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
in	O
the	O
environment	O
.	O

Interventions	O
to	O
decrease	O
the	O
probability	O
of	O
virus	B-SPEC
spillover	O
can	O
be	O
implemented	O
at	O
multiple	O
levels	O
from	O
targeting	B-PROC
the	O
reservoir	O
host	B-COMP
to	O
managing	O
recipient	O
host	B-COMP
exposure	O
and	O
susceptibility	O
.	O

Potential	O
of	O
mean	O
force	O
(	O
PMF	O
)	O
profiles	O
for	O
mono	B-DISO
(	O
Na	O
(+)	O
,	O
K	O
(+)	O
,	O
Cl	O
(-)	O
)	O
and	O
divalent	O
(	O
Ca	O
(	O
2	O
+)	O
)	O
ions	B-CHED
along	O
the	O
pore	B-COMP
are	O
calculated	O
.	O

Calculations	O
on	O
8a	O
are	O
compared	O
to	O
data	O
derived	O
for	O
a	O
pentameric	O
bundle	O
consisting	O
of	O
the	O
M2	O
helices	B-SPEC
of	O
the	O
bacterial	O
pentameric	O
ligand	O
gated	O
ion	O
channel	O
GLIC	O
(	O
3EHZ	O
).	O

MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
infection	B-DISO
had	O
previously	O
caused	O
multiple	O
health	O
-	O
care	O
-	O
associated	O
outbreaks	O
and	O
resulted	O
in	O
transmission	O
of	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
within	O
families	O
.	O

The	O
control	O
of	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
infection	B-DISO
relies	O
on	O
prompt	O
identification	O
of	O
cases	O
within	O
health	O
care	O
facilities	O
,	O
with	O
institutions	O
applying	O
appropriate	O
infection	B-DISO
control	O
measures	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Porcine	B-SPEC
epidemic	I-SPEC
diarrhea	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
)	O
is	O
an	O
infectious	B-DISO
,	O
highly	O
contagious	O
virus	B-SPEC
,	O
and	O
is	O
an	O
etiological	O
agent	O
of	O
acute	O
entero	O
-	O
pathogenic	O
diarrhea	B-DISO
in	O
swine	B-SPEC
.	O

Antibody	B-COMP
titers	O
in	O
sow	O
and	O
piglet	O
serum	B-COMP
one	O
week	O
after	O
farrowing	O
and	O
that	O
in	O
colostrum	B-ANAT
were	O
compared	O
by	O
enzyme	O
-	O
linked	O
immunosorbent	O
assay	O
(	O
ELISA	O
)	O
and	O
serum	B-COMP
neutralization	O
test	O
.	O

This	O
study	O
clearly	O
confirms	O
that	O
killed	O
vaccine	O
has	O
induced	O
higher	O
antibody	B-COMP
levels	O
and	O
may	O
contribute	O
to	O
the	O
design	O
of	O
future	O
research	O
and	O
vaccine	O
programs	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
investigate	O
15	O
respiratory	O
viruses	B-SPEC
in	O
children	O
with	O
acute	O
respiratory	B-DISO
tract	I-DISO
infections	I-DISO
(	O
ARTIs	O
)	O
using	O
multiplex	O
reverse	O
-	O
transcriptase	B-PROC
polymerase	O
chain	O
reaction	O
(	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
),	O
and	O
to	O
analyze	O
the	O
clinical	O
and	O
epidemiological	O
features	O
of	O
these	O
viruses	B-SPEC
.	O

A	O
single	O
viral	O
pathogen	O
was	O
detected	O
in	O
76	O
patients	O
,	O
viral	O
coinfections	B-DISO
in	O
9	O
,	O
and	O
mixed	O
viral	O
and	O
bacterial	O
pathogens	O
in	O
15	O
.	O

Of	O
significance	O
is	O
the	O
potential	O
use	O
of	O
multiplex	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
to	O
provide	O
epidemiological	O
and	O
virological	O
data	O
for	O
early	O
detection	O
of	O
the	O
emergence	O
of	O
novel	O
respiratory	O
viruses	B-SPEC
in	O
the	O
era	B-CHED
of	O
the	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
.	O

The	O
conference	O
covered	O
emerging	O
and	O
potentially	O
pandemic	O
influenza	B-SPEC
viruses	I-SPEC
and	O
discussed	O
novel	O
/	O
pre	O
-	O
licensure	O
therapeutics	O
and	O
currently	O
approved	O
antivirals	B-CHED
and	O
vaccines	O
for	O
the	O
control	O
of	O
influenza	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
patients	O
from	O
five	O
ICUs	O
of	O
grade	O
A	O
tertiary	O
hospitals	O
in	O
Beijing	O
from	O
July	O
2009	O
to	O
March	O
2014	O
,	O
including	O
sepsis	B-DISO
,	O
septic	B-DISO
shock	I-DISO
,	O
trauma	O
,	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
,	I-DISO
aspiration	I-DISO
,	O
massive	O
blood	B-ANAT
transfusion	O
,	O
bacteremia	B-DISO
and	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
contusion	O
,	O
were	O
enrolled	O
.	O

According	O
to	O
the	O
admission	O
diagnosis	O
in	O
ICU	O
,	O
these	O
patients	O
were	O
divided	O
into	O
ARDS	B-DISO
group	O
and	O
other	O
severe	O
disease	O
control	O
group	O
.	O

The	O
risk	O
factors	O
of	O
occurence	O
and	O
prognosis	O
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
were	O
analyzed	O
by	O
univariate	O
analysis	O
,	O
multivariate	O
logistic	O
regression	O
and	O
multivariate	O
COX	O
regression	O
analysis	O
.	O

The	O
28	O
-	O
day	O
mortality	O
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
group	O
was	O
significantly	O
higher	O
than	O
that	O
of	O
severe	O
control	O
group	O
[	O
30	O
.	O
43	O
%	O
(	O
49	O
/	O
161	O
)	O
vs	O
.	O
18	O
.	O
99	O
%	O
(	O
34	O
/	O
179	O
),	O
χ²	O
=	O
6	O
.	O
013	O
,	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
014	O
].	O

Multivariate	O
logistic	O
analysis	O
showed	O
that	O
aspiration	B-DISO
[	O
odds	O
ratio	O
(	O
OR	O
)	O
=	O
6	O
.	O
390	O
,	O
95	O
%	O
confidence	O
interval	O
(	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
)	O
=	O
2	O
.	O
046	O
-	O
19	O
.	O
953	O
,	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
001	O
],	O
history	O
of	O
alcohol	O
(	O
OR	O
=	O
4	O
.	O
854	O
,	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
=	O
1	O
.	O
730	O
-	O
13	O
.	O
617	O
,	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
003	O
),	O
sepsis	B-DISO
(	O
OR	O
=	O
2	O
.	O
859	O
,	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
=	O
1	O
.	O
507	O
-	O
5	O
.	O
425	O
,	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
001	O
),	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
(	O
OR	O
=	O
2	O
.	O
822	O
,	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
=	O
1	O
.	O
640	O
-	O
4	O
.	O
855	O
,	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
001	O
),	O
acute	O
physiology	O
and	O
chronic	O
health	O
evaluation	O
II	O
(	O
APACHEII	O
)	O
score	O
(	O
OR	O
=	O
1	O
.	O
050	O
,	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
=	O
1	O
.	O
007	O
-	O
1	O
.	O
094	O
,	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
022	O
)	O
were	O
significantly	O
associated	O
with	O
increased	O
risk	O
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
occurence	O
.	O

For	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
ARDS	B-DISO
who	O
need	O
the	O
support	O
of	O
ECMO	O
,	O
ECMO	O
-	O
assisted	O
transfer	O
is	O
safer	O
than	O
conventional	O
ventilation	O
,	O
but	O
transfer	O
should	O
be	O
implemented	O
by	O
experienced	O
team	O
.	O

Meanwhile	O
,	O
ARDS	B-DISO
patients	O
were	O
further	O
divided	O
into	O
survival	O
group	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
29	O
)	O
and	O
non	O
-	O
survival	O
group	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
24	O
)	O
according	O
to	O
28	O
-	O
day	O
outcomes	O
.	O

The	O
acute	O
physiology	O
and	O
chronic	O
health	O
evaluation	O
II	O
(	O
APACHEII	O
)	O
score	O
,	O
sequential	O
organ	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
assessment	O
(	O
SOFA	O
)	O
score	O
,	O
oxygenation	O
index	O
(	O
PaO₂	B-PRGE
/	O
FiO₂	O
),	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
score	O
(	O
LIS	B-FUNC
)	O
were	O
recorded	O
within	O
24	O
hours	O
after	O
admission	O
.	O

It	O
was	O
shown	O
by	O
correlation	O
analysis	O
that	O
the	O
plasma	B-ANAT
levels	O
of	O
Ang	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
was	O
significantly	O
positive	O
correlated	O
with	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
6	I-FUNC
(	O
r	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
468	O
,	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
000	O
),	O
CRP	B-PRGE
(	O
r	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
492	O
,	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
000	O
),	O
APACHEII	O
score	O
(	O
r	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
560	O
,	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
000	O
),	O
SOFA	O
score	O
(	O
r	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
508	O
,	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
000	O
)	O
and	O
LIS	B-FUNC
score	O
(	O
r	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
588	O
,	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
000	O
),	O
significantly	O
negatively	O
correlated	O
with	O
PaO2	O
/	O
FiO2	O
(	O
r	O
=-	O
0	O
.	O
685	O
,	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
000	O
).	O

Factors	O
,	O
APACHEII	O
score	O
,	O
LIS	B-FUNC
score	O
,	O
PaO2	O
/	O
FiO2	O
,	O
Ang	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
and	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
6	I-FUNC
founded	O
statistical	O
significance	O
in	O
univariate	O
analysis	O
were	O
analyzed	O
using	O
multivariable	O
logistic	O
regression	O
.	O

The	O
area	O
under	O
the	O
ROC	O
curve	O
of	O
Ang	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
was	O
0	O
.	O
964	O
,	O
the	O
optimal	O
critical	O
value	O
of	O
Ang	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
was	O
1	O
.	O
79	O
μg	O
/	O
L	O
,	O
the	O
specificity	O
was	O
90	O
.	O
0	O
%,	O
and	O
sensitivity	O
was	O
92	O
.	O
5	O
%.	O

The	O
plasma	B-ANAT
level	O
of	O
Ang	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
was	O
correlated	O
with	O
the	O
severity	O
of	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
and	O
had	O
important	O
prognosis	O
evaluation	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
ATF3	B-PRGE
protects	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
resident	O
cells	B-COMP
from	O
acute	O
and	O
ventilator	O
-	O
induced	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
by	O
preventing	O
Nrf2	O
degradation	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Ventilator	O
-	O
induced	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
(	O
VILI	O
)	O
contributes	O
to	O
mortality	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
,	O
the	O
most	O
severe	O
form	O
of	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
(	O
ALI	O
).	O

Knockdown	O
of	O
ATF3	B-PRGE
in	O
resident	O
cells	B-COMP
resulted	O
in	O
decreased	O
junctional	O
protein	B-PROC
expression	B-PROC
and	O
increased	O
paracellular	O
leak	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Tailoring	O
subunit	O
vaccine	O
immunity	B-PROC
with	O
adjuvant	B-CHED
combinations	O
and	O
delivery	O
routes	O
using	O
the	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
coronavirus	O
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
receptor	O
-	O
binding	B-FUNC
domain	O
as	O
an	O
antigen	B-CHED
.	O

Different	O
vaccination	O
regimens	O
were	O
compared	O
in	O
BALB	O
/	O
c	O
mice	B-SPEC
immunized	O
3	O
times	O
intramuscularly	O
(	O
i	O
.	O
m	O
.)	O
with	O
a	O
vaccine	O
containing	O
10	O
µg	O
of	O
recombinant	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
RBD	O
in	O
combination	O
with	O
either	O
aluminium	O
hydroxide	O
(	O
alum	O
)	O
alone	O
,	O
alum	O
and	O
polyriboinosinic	O
acid	O
(	O
poly	O
I	O
:	O
C	O
)	O
or	O
alum	O
and	O
cysteine	B-CHED
-	O
phosphate	B-CHED
-	O
guanine	B-CHED
(	O
CpG	O
)	O
oligodeoxynucleotides	O
(	O
ODN	O
).	O

Interestingly	O
,	O
robust	O
RBD	O
-	O
specific	O
antibody	B-COMP
and	O
T	B-ANAT
-	I-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
responses	O
were	O
induced	O
in	O
mice	B-SPEC
immunized	O
with	O
the	O
rRBD	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
in	O
combination	O
with	O
IFA	O
and	O
CpG	O
ODN	O
,	O
but	O
low	O
level	O
of	O
neutralizing	O
antibodies	B-COMP
were	O
elicited	O
.	O

are	O
fastidious	O
,	O
Gram	O
-	O
negative	O
bacilli	B-SPEC
that	O
cause	O
a	O
wide	O
spectrum	O
of	O
diseases	O
in	O
humans	B-SPEC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
CD26	B-PRGE
/	O
DPP4	B-PRGE
cell	B-COMP
-	O
surface	O
expression	B-PROC
in	O
bat	B-ENZY
cells	B-COMP
correlates	O
with	O
bat	B-PRGE
cell	B-COMP
susceptibility	I-PRGE
to	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
infection	B-DISO
and	O
evolution	B-PROC
of	O
persistent	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
is	O
a	O
recently	O
isolated	O
betacoronavirus	B-SPEC
identified	O
as	O
the	O
etiologic	O
agent	O
of	O
a	O
frequently	O
fatal	O
disease	O
in	O
Western	O
Asia	O
,	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
.	O

We	O
found	O
that	O
the	O
susceptibility	O
or	O
resistance	B-PROC
of	O
these	O
bat	B-ENZY
cell	B-ANAT
lines	I-ANAT
directly	O
correlates	O
with	O
the	O
presence	O
or	O
absence	O
of	O
cell	O
surface	O
-	O
expressed	B-PROC
CD26	B-PRGE
/	O
DPP4	B-PRGE
,	O
the	O
functional	O
human	B-SPEC
receptor	O
for	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
.	O
Human	B-PRGE
anti	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CD26	I-PRGE
/	O
DPP4	B-PRGE
antibodies	B-COMP
inhibited	O
infection	B-DISO
of	O
susceptible	O
bat	B-ENZY
cells	B-COMP
in	O
a	O
dose	O
-	O
dependent	O
manner	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Acquisition	O
of	O
new	O
proteins	B-CHED
by	O
viruses	B-SPEC
usually	O
occurs	O
through	O
horizontal	B-PROC
gene	I-PROC
transfer	I-PROC
or	O
through	O
gene	B-DISO
duplication	I-DISO
,	O
but	O
another	O
,	O
less	O
common	O
mechanism	O
is	O
the	O
usage	O
of	O
completely	O
or	O
partially	O
overlapping	O
reading	O
frames	O
.	O

Our	O
findings	O
indicate	O
that	O
the	O
orf9b	B-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
features	O
a	O
discordant	O
codon	O
-	O
usage	O
pattern	O
.	O

Carrageenan	B-CHED
nasal	B-ANAT
spray	O
showed	O
significant	O
antiviral	B-CHED
efficacy	O
in	O
all	O
three	O
virus	B-SPEC
subgroups	O
,	O
the	O
highest	O
effectiveness	O
was	O
observed	O
in	O
human	B-SPEC
corona	B-CHED
virus	B-SPEC
-	O
infected	O
patients	O
.	O

For	O
this	O
report	O
,	O
medical	O
masks	O
(	O
also	O
known	O
as	O
surgical	O
masks	O
or	O
surgical	O
face	B-DISO
masks	O
)	O
are	O
defined	O
as	O
unfitted	O
devices	O
worn	O
by	O
the	O
healthcare	O
worker	O
(	O
HCW	O
)	O
“	O
to	O
reduce	O
transfer	O
of	O
potentially	O
infectious	B-DISO
bodily	O
fluids	B-ANAT
between	O
individuals	O
”.	O

Masks	O
are	O
designed	O
prevent	O
droplets	O
from	O
an	O
infectious	B-DISO
patient	O
from	O
coming	O
in	O
contact	O
with	O
the	O
mucous	B-ANAT
membranes	I-ANAT
in	O
the	O
nose	B-ANAT
and	O
mouth	B-ANAT
of	O
the	O
person	O
wearing	O
the	O
mask	O
.	O

Therefore	O
,	O
we	O
prospectively	O
investigated	O
the	O
incidence	O
and	O
clinical	O
impacts	O
of	O
viral	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
in	O
adults	O
with	O
bronchiectasis	B-DISO
exacerbations	O
.	O

Virus	B-SPEC
-	O
positive	O
exacerbations	O
were	O
associated	O
with	O
a	O
greater	O
increase	O
in	O
markers	O
of	O
systemic	O
and	O
airway	B-ANAT
inflammation	B-DISO
(	O
serum	B-COMP
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
6	I-FUNC
and	O
tumor	B-PRGE
necrosis	I-PRGE
factor	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
α	I-PRGE
;	O
sputum	B-ANAT
IL	O
-	O
1β	O
and	O
tumor	B-PRGE
necrosis	I-PRGE
factor	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
α	I-PRGE
)	O
compared	O
with	O
virus	B-SPEC
-	O
negative	O
exacerbations	O
,	O
but	O
the	O
differences	O
in	O
spirometric	O
indexes	O
,	O
quality	O
of	O
life	O
,	O
and	O
bacterial	O
density	O
were	O
unremarkable	O
.	O

Furthermore	O
,	O
a	O
greater	O
proportion	O
of	O
patients	O
with	O
virus	B-SPEC
-	O
positive	O
exacerbations	O
received	O
IV	O
antibiotics	B-CHED
.	O

Saffold	O
virus	B-SPEC
was	O
detected	O
in	O
outpatient	O
but	O
not	O
in	O
hospitalized	O
children	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Viral	O
respiratory	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
among	O
Hajj	O
pilgrims	O
in	O
2013	O
.	O

Infection	B-DISO
control	O
and	O
appropriate	O
vaccination	O
are	O
necessary	O
to	O
prevent	O
transmission	O
of	O
respiratory	O
viruses	B-SPEC
at	O
Hajj	O
and	O
other	O
mass	O
gatherings	O
.	O

Clinical	O
signs	O
of	O
the	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
infection	B-DISO
were	O
benign	O
,	O
but	O
each	O
of	O
the	O
camels	B-SPEC
shed	O
large	O
quantities	O
of	O
virus	B-SPEC
from	O
the	O
upper	B-ANAT
respiratory	I-ANAT
tract	I-ANAT
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
investigate	O
potential	O
transmission	O
of	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
to	O
health	O
care	O
workers	O
in	O
a	O
hospital	O
,	O
we	O
serologically	O
tested	O
hospital	O
contacts	O
of	O
the	O
index	O
case	O
-	O
patient	O
in	O
Saudi	O
Arabia	O
,	O
4	O
months	O
after	O
his	O
death	B-PROC
.	O

Since	O
liver	B-DISO
abscess	I-DISO
is	O
potentially	O
lethal	O
and	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
on	O
admission	O
is	O
an	O
additional	O
risk	O
factor	O
of	O
mortality	O
,	O
V	O
-	O
V	O
ECMO	O
may	O
serve	O
as	O
an	O
adjunctive	O
choice	O
of	O
artificial	O
organ	B-ANAT
support	O
for	O
cases	O
of	O
severe	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
caused	O
by	O
liver	B-DISO
abscess	I-DISO
.	O

Freedom	O
from	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
took	O
longer	O
in	O
the	O
lung	B-ANAT
transplant	B-ANAT
recipients	O
whose	O
donors	O
had	O
Heavy	B-DISO
Alcohol	I-DISO
Use	I-DISO
,	O
compared	O
with	O
those	O
whose	O
donors	O
had	O
No	O
Alcohol	O
Use	O
or	O
Moderate	O
Alcohol	O
Use	O
(	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
01	O
).	O

The	O
increase	O
in	O
PGD	B-CHED
resulted	O
in	O
poorer	O
gas	B-ENZY
exchange	O
in	O
the	O
recipients	O
of	O
donor	B-CHED
lungs	B-ANAT
from	O
heavy	O
alcohol	O
users	O
,	O
and	O
these	O
recipients	O
subsequently	O
required	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
for	O
a	O
longer	O
time	O
following	O
transplant	B-ANAT
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Prolonged	O
VV	O
ECMO	O
(	O
265	O
Days	O
)	O
for	O
ARDS	B-DISO
without	O
technical	O
complications	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Emerging	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
of	O
zoonotic	O
origin	O
are	O
shaping	O
today	O
'	O
s	O
infectious	O
disease	O
field	O
more	O
than	O
ever	O
.	O

Nipah	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
emerged	O
a	O
few	O
years	O
later	O
,	O
causing	O
respiratory	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
and	O
encephalitis	B-DISO
in	O
Southeast	O
Asia	O
,	O
with	O
case	O
fatality	O
rates	O
ranging	O
from	O
40	O
%	O
to	O
more	O
than	O
90	O
%.	O

This	O
prospective	O
study	O
was	O
designed	O
to	O
compare	O
EL	O
assessed	O
by	O
lung	B-ANAT
barometry	O
(	O
ELLB	O
)	O
versus	O
esophageal	B-PROC
pressure	I-PROC
(	O
ELPeso	O
).	O

EL	O
and	O
the	O
ratio	O
between	O
EL	O
and	O
respiratory	B-ANAT
system	I-ANAT
elastance	O
(	O
ERS	B-DISO
)	O
calculated	O
with	O
the	O
two	O
methods	O
were	O
compared	O
.	O

There	O
were	O
no	O
linear	O
correlation	O
between	O
ELLB	O
/	O
ERS	B-DISO
and	O
ELPeso	O
/	O
ERS	B-DISO
during	O
the	O
increase	O
and	O
the	O
decrease	O
of	O
PEEP	B-CHED
(	O
R²	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
00	O
;	O
R²	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
00	O
,	O
respectively	O
).	O

We	O
conducted	O
a	O
large	O
-	O
scale	O
investigation	O
of	O
the	O
incidence	O
of	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
in	O
pigs	B-SPEC
with	O
diarrhea	B-DISO
in	O
South	O
Korea	O
and	O
consequently	O
identified	O
and	O
characterized	O
a	O
novel	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
variant	O
with	O
a	O
large	O
genomic	O
deletion	O
.	O

This	O
is	O
the	O
first	O
known	O
case	O
of	O
a	O
patient	O
who	O
survived	O
Aspergillus	B-SPEC
sepsis	B-DISO
after	O
being	O
treated	O
early	O
with	O
veno	O
-	O
venous	B-ANAT
extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
(	O
ECMO	O
)	O
and	O
antifungal	B-CHED
therapy	O
.	O

After	O
7	O
days	O
of	O
antifungal	O
treatment	O
,	O
Aspergillus	B-SPEC
antibodies	B-COMP
were	O
undetectable	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Enteric	O
disease	O
in	O
postweaned	O
beef	O
calves	O
associated	O
with	O
Bovine	B-SPEC
coronavirus	B-SPEC
clade	O
2	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Bovine	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
BoCV	O
;	O
Betacoronavirus	B-SPEC
1	I-SPEC
)	O
infections	B-DISO
are	O
associated	O
with	O
varied	O
clinical	O
presentations	O
including	O
neonatal	B-DISO
diarrhea	I-DISO
,	O
winter	B-DISO
dysentery	I-DISO
in	O
dairy	O
cattle	B-SPEC
,	O
and	O
respiratory	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
in	O
various	O
ages	O
of	O
cattle	B-SPEC
.	O

Further	O
investigations	O
on	O
the	O
ecology	O
of	O
BoCV	O
in	O
cattle	B-SPEC
are	O
important	O
,	O
as	O
BoCV	O
may	O
be	O
an	O
emerging	O
disease	O
beyond	O
the	O
initial	O
descriptions	O
.	O

Tumor	B-FUNC
necrosis	I-FUNC
factor	I-FUNC
(	O
TNF	B-PRGE
)	O
and	O
interferon	B-PRGE
(	O
IFN	B-PRGE
)	O
signaling	B-PROC
were	O
not	O
required	O
for	O
effective	O
host	B-COMP
control	O
of	O
mutant	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
as	O
all	O
N1347A	O
virus	B-SPEC
-	O
infected	O
mice	B-SPEC
survived	O
the	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

For	O
example	O
,	O
highly	O
similar	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
S1	O
-	O
CTDs	O
within	O
the	O
same	O
genus	B-SPEC
can	O
recognize	O
different	O
receptors	O
,	O
whereas	O
very	O
different	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
S1	O
-	O
CTDs	O
from	O
different	O
genera	O
can	O
recognize	O
the	O
same	O
receptor	O
.	O

Structural	O
studies	O
in	O
the	O
past	O
decade	O
have	O
elucidated	O
many	O
of	O
the	O
puzzles	O
associated	O
with	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
-	O
receptor	B-PROC
interactions	I-PROC
.	O

Clinical	O
data	O
of	O
15	O
severely	O
burned	O
patients	O
with	O
ARDS	B-DISO
admitted	O
to	O
our	O
burn	O
ICU	O
from	O
September	O
2011	O
to	O
September	O
2013	O
and	O
conforming	O
to	O
the	O
study	O
criteria	O
were	O
analyzed	O
.	O

When	O
OI	O
was	O
above	O
200	O
mmHg	O
,	O
lung	B-ANAT
recruitment	B-DISO
maneuver	O
was	O
stopped	O
and	O
ventilation	O
with	O
lung	B-ANAT
protective	O
ventilation	O
strategy	O
was	O
continued	O
.	O

Clinical	O
histories	O
,	O
physical	O
examination	O
,	O
blood	B-ANAT
and	O
radiological	O
tests	O
were	O
done	O
.	O

This	O
may	O
be	O
related	O
to	O
focus	O
on	O
and	O
treatment	O
of	O
asthma	B-PATH
in	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
and	O
will	O
be	O
analysed	O
in	O
a	O
later	O
study	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Neonatal	B-DISO
calf	I-DISO
diarrhoea	I-DISO
remains	O
the	O
most	O
common	O
cause	O
of	O
morbidity	O
and	O
mortality	O
in	O
preweaned	O
dairy	O
calves	O
worldwide	O
.	O

This	O
review	O
deals	O
with	O
prevention	O
and	O
treatment	O
of	O
neonatal	O
dairy	O
calf	B-ANAT
diarrhoea	B-DISO
focusing	O
on	O
the	O
importance	O
of	O
a	O
good	O
colostrum	B-ANAT
management	O
and	O
a	O
correct	O
fluid	O
therapy	O
.	O

Phylogenetic	O
analyses	O
produced	O
a	O
well	O
-	O
resolved	O
phylogeny	O
,	O
supporting	O
the	O
familial	O
status	O
of	O
Hipposideridae	B-SPEC
and	O
demonstrated	O
the	O
paraphyly	O
of	O
the	O
largest	O
genus	B-SPEC
,	O
Hipposideros	B-SPEC
.	O

A	O
fossil	O
-	O
calibrated	O
timetree	O
and	O
biogeographical	O
analyses	O
estimated	O
that	O
Rhinolophidae	O
and	O
Hipposideridae	B-SPEC
diverged	O
in	O
Africa	O
during	O
the	O
Eocene	O
approximately	O
42	O
Ma	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Mobile	O
ECMO	O
team	O
for	O
inter	O
-	O
hospital	O
transportation	O
of	O
patients	O
with	O
ARDS	B-DISO
:	O
a	O
retrospective	O
case	O
series	O
.	O

The	O
average	O
transport	B-PROC
distance	O
was	O
121	O
.	O
69	O
km	O
(±	O
183	O
.	O
08	O
)	O
with	O
a	O
range	O
between	O
9	O
km	O
and	O
1044	O
Km	O
.	O

According	O
to	O
our	O
data	O
,	O
we	O
conclude	O
that	O
a	O
dedicated	O
mobile	O
team	O
allowed	O
safe	O
ground	O
transportation	O
of	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
to	O
our	O
tertiary	O
care	O
institution	O
.	O

After	O
treatment	O
of	O
an	O
anaphylactic	O
episode	O
,	O
follow	O
-	O
up	O
with	O
a	O
physician	O
,	O
preferably	O
an	O
allergy	B-DISO
/	O
immunology	O
specialist	O
,	O
is	O
important	O
for	O
confirmation	O
of	O
anaphylaxis	B-DISO
triggers	O
and	O
prevention	O
of	O
recurrences	B-DISO
through	O
avoidance	O
of	O
confirmed	O
specific	O
triggers	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenation	B-PROC
(	O
ECMO	O
)	O
can	O
be	O
used	O
as	O
a	O
salvage	O
therapy	O
,	O
but	O
the	O
effectiveness	O
is	O
controversial	O
.	O

Before	O
ECMO	O
,	O
Acute	O
Physiology	O
and	O
Chronic	O
Health	O
Evaluation	O
II	O
,	O
Sequential	O
Organ	B-DISO
Failure	I-DISO
Assessment	O
,	O
and	O
Multiple	O
Organ	B-ANAT
Dysfunction	O
scores	O
were	O
significantly	O
lower	O
for	O
survivors	O
than	O
for	O
nonsurvivors	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
The	O
records	O
of	O
65	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
ARDS	B-DISO
who	O
received	O
venovenous	O
ECMO	O
were	O
analyzed	O
.	O

The	O
detection	O
limit	O
was	O
10	O
pg	O
of	O
ribonucleic	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
,	O
consistent	O
with	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
,	O
RT	O
-	O
LAMP	O
detected	O
products	O
on	O
agarose	O
gels	O
and	O
by	O
direct	O
calcein	B-CHED
fluorescence	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Pulmonary	B-ANAT
histopathologic	O
abnormalities	O
and	O
predictor	O
variables	O
in	O
autopsies	O
of	O
burned	O
pediatric	O
patients	O
.	O

Three	O
scientists	O
with	O
pathology	B-DISO
training	O
in	O
pediatric	O
burn	O
care	O
reviewed	O
masked	O
autopsy	O
slides	O
of	O
burned	O
children	O
who	O
died	B-PROC
after	O
admission	O
to	O
a	O
burn	O
center	O
from	O
2002	O
to	O
2012	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
43	O
).	O

Type	O
II	O
epithelial	B-PROC
cell	I-PROC
proliferation	B-DISO
was	O
significantly	O
more	O
common	O
in	O
cases	O
with	O
a	O
longer	O
time	O
between	O
burn	O
and	O
admission	O
(	O
p	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
02	O
).	O

It	O
also	O
summarizes	O
currently	O
available	O
animal	B-SPEC
models	O
for	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
and	O
proposes	O
a	O
future	O
direction	O
for	O
MERS	O
vaccines	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Coronaviruses	O
are	O
a	O
large	O
group	O
of	O
enveloped	O
,	O
single	O
-	O
stranded	O
positive	O
-	O
sense	O
RNA	O
viruses	B-SPEC
that	O
infect	O
a	O
wide	O
range	O
of	O
avian	B-SPEC
and	O
mammalian	B-SPEC
species	B-SPEC
,	O
including	O
humans	B-SPEC
.	O

Coronaviruses	O
have	O
evolved	O
multiple	O
strategies	O
for	O
proteolytic	B-PROC
activation	O
of	O
spike	O
,	O
and	O
a	O
large	O
number	O
of	O
host	B-COMP
proteases	O
have	O
been	O
shown	O
to	O
proteolytically	O
process	O
the	O
spike	O
protein	B-CHED
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Noninvasive	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
in	O
high	O
-	O
risk	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
:	O
a	O
clinical	O
review	O
.	O

NIV	O
,	O
when	O
applied	O
early	O
in	O
selected	O
patients	O
with	O
SARS	B-DISO
,	O
H1N1	O
and	O
acute	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
tuberculosis	B-PATH
infections	B-DISO
,	O
can	O
reverse	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Over	O
a	O
period	O
of	O
almost	O
two	O
years	O
,	O
broilers	O
chickens	O
on	O
several	O
hundred	O
Italian	O
farms	O
,	O
were	O
monitored	O
for	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
.	O

The	O
absence	O
of	O
secondary	O
cases	O
among	O
contacts	O
of	O
the	O
reported	O
cases	O
can	O
be	O
seen	O
as	O
evidence	O
of	O
the	O
effectiveness	O
of	O
infection	B-DISO
prevention	O
and	O
control	O
precautions	O
as	O
an	O
important	O
pillar	O
of	O
the	O
national	O
preparedness	O
and	O
response	O
plan	O
applied	O
in	O
the	O
health	O
care	O
institutions	O
in	O
Oman	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Since	O
the	O
first	O
description	O
of	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
),	O
it	O
has	O
not	O
been	O
known	O
how	O
long	O
patients	O
shed	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
in	O
respiratory	O
secretions	B-ANAT
.	O

This	O
review	O
will	O
give	O
an	O
overview	O
of	O
the	O
literature	O
on	O
avian	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
spike	O
proteins	B-CHED
with	O
particular	O
focus	O
on	O
our	O
recent	O
studies	O
on	O
binding	B-FUNC
of	O
recombinant	B-PRGE
soluble	I-PRGE
spike	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
to	O
chicken	B-SPEC
tissues	B-ANAT
.	O

To	O
penetrate	O
host	B-COMP
cells	B-COMP
,	O
the	O
CoV	O
can	O
use	O
various	O
cell	B-COMP
surface	I-COMP
molecules	O
,	O
although	O
they	O
preferentially	O
bind	B-FUNC
to	O
ectoenzymes	O
.	O

Here	O
we	O
discuss	O
the	O
most	O
recent	O
studies	O
on	O
the	O
structure	O
of	O
the	O
MERS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
spike	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
and	O
its	O
role	O
in	O
virus	B-SPEC
binding	B-FUNC
and	O
entry	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
entry	O
/	O
fusion	O
inhibitors	B-CHED
targeting	B-PROC
the	O
S1	B-PRGE
subunit	I-PRGE
,	O
particularly	O
the	O
receptor	O
-	O
binding	B-FUNC
domain	O
(	O
RBD	O
),	O
and	O
the	O
S2	O
subunit	O
,	O
especially	O
the	O
HR1	O
region	O
,	O
of	O
the	O
MERS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
spike	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
.	O

Deep	O
sequencing	O
of	O
the	O
viral	O
structural	O
genes	O
at	O
days	O
11	O
and	O
21	O
identified	O
seven	O
amino	B-PROC
acid	I-PROC
substitutions	I-PROC
in	O
both	O
normal	O
and	O
SCID	B-DISO
pigs	B-SPEC
.	O

The	O
most	O
significant	O
change	O
was	O
a	O
W99R	O
substitution	O
in	O
GP2	B-PRGE
,	O
which	O
was	O
present	O
in	O
the	O
inoculum	O
at	O
a	O
frequency	O
of	O
35	O
%,	O
but	O
eventually	O
disappeared	O
from	O
all	O
pigs	B-SPEC
regardless	O
of	O
immune	B-PROC
status	I-PROC
.	O

Additional	O
validation	O
studies	O
with	O
the	O
top	B-PRGE
3	I-PRGE
inhibitors	B-CHED
(	O
hexachlorophene	O
,	O
nitazoxanide	O
and	O
homoharringtonine	B-CHED
)	O
demonstrated	O
robust	O
anti	O
-	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
activities	O
(	O
a	O
reduction	O
of	O
6	O
to	O
8log10	O
in	O
virus	B-SPEC
titer	O
)	O
with	O
an	O
IC50	O
ranging	O
from	O
11nM	O
to	O
1	O
.	O
2μM	O
.	O
Furthermore	O
,	O
homoharringtonine	O
and	O
hexachlorophene	O
exhibited	O
broad	O
antiviral	B-CHED
activity	O
against	O
diverse	O
species	B-SPEC
of	O
human	B-SPEC
and	O
animal	B-SPEC
coronaviruses	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
Société	O
de	O
pneumologie	O
de	O
langue	O
française	O
defines	O
acute	O
exacerbation	O
of	O
chronic	O
obstructive	O
pulmonary	O
disease	O
(	O
AE	O
COPD	B-DISO
)	O
as	O
an	O
increase	O
in	O
daily	O
respiratory	B-DISO
symptoms	I-DISO
,	O
basically	O
duration	O
≥	O
48h	O
or	O
need	O
for	O
treatment	O
adjustment	O
.	O

Presences	O
of	O
signs	O
of	O
severity	O
impose	O
hospitalization	O
:	O
signs	O
of	O
respiratory	B-DISO
distress	I-DISO
,	O
shock	O
,	O
acute	O
confusion	B-DISO
but	O
also	O
fragile	O
patients	O
,	O
insufficient	O
home	O
support	O
or	O
absence	O
of	O
response	O
to	O
initial	O
treatment	O
.	O

SHFV	O
infection	B-DISO
induced	I-DISO
the	O
production	O
of	O
pro	B-CHED
-	O
inflammatory	O
cytokines	O
,	O
including	O
IL	O
-	O
1β	O
,	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
6	I-FUNC
,	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
12	I-FUNC
/	O
23	O
(	O
p40	B-COMP
),	O
TNF	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
α	I-PRGE
and	O
MIP	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
1α	I-PRGE
,	O
in	O
macaque	B-SPEC
cells	B-COMP
but	O
not	O
baboon	B-SPEC
cells	B-COMP
.	O

The	O
patient	O
met	B-CHED
the	O
criteria	O
for	O
ARDS	B-DISO
with	O
a	O
PaO2	O
/	O
FiO2	O
ratio	O
of	O
94mmHg	O
.	O

HbS	B-PRGE
fraction	O
failed	O
from	O
69	O
%	O
to	O
30	O
%.	O

Steroids	B-CHED
were	O
given	O
for	O
48h	O
and	O
the	O
patient	O
was	O
successfully	O
extubated	O
on	O
day	O
7	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Identification	O
of	O
residues	O
on	O
human	B-PRGE
receptor	I-PRGE
DPP4	I-PRGE
critical	O
for	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
binding	B-FUNC
and	O
entry	O
.	O

Many	O
of	O
these	O
viral	O
families	O
were	O
previously	O
unknown	O
to	O
dromedaries	B-SPEC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
SHAPE	O
technology	O
was	O
used	O
to	O
analyze	O
RNA	O
secondary	O
structure	O
of	O
the	O
5	O
'	O
most	O
474	O
nts	B-ANAT
of	O
the	O
MHV	B-SPEC
-	O
A59	O
genome	O
encompassing	O
the	O
minimal	O
5	O
'	O
cis	B-DISO
-	O
acting	O
region	O
required	O
for	O
defective	O
interfering	O
RNA	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
.	O

Additional	O
recombination	B-PROC
events	O
were	O
identified	O
in	O
LRLV	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
The	O
initial	O
study	O
sample	O
was	O
positive	O
in	O
15	O
patients	O
with	O
the	O
following	O
respiratory	O
viruses	B-SPEC
:	O
rhinovirus	B-SPEC
(	O
6	O
),	O
metapneumovirus	B-SPEC
(	O
1	O
),	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
2	O
),	O
respiratory	B-SPEC
syncytial	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
2	O
),	O
parainfluenza	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
2	O
),	O
and	O
influenza	B-SPEC
A	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
2	O
).	O

Over	O
the	O
years	O
,	O
it	O
has	O
been	O
proposed	O
that	O
HCoVs	O
play	O
a	O
possible	O
role	O
in	O
gastrointestinal	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
.	O

HCoVs	O
were	O
present	O
in	O
the	O
stools	B-ANAT
of	O
eight	O
(	O
4	O
.	O
7	O
%)	O
of	O
the	O
172	O
children	O
with	O
AGE	O
;	O
in	O
six	O
of	O
these	O
cases	O
,	O
the	O
nasal	B-ANAT
swab	O
sample	O
was	O
also	O
positive	O
for	O
the	O
respective	O
HCoV	O
.	O
Additionally	O
,	O
in	O
six	O
of	O
the	O
eight	O
cases	O
,	O
the	O
stool	B-ANAT
sample	I-ANAT
contained	O
either	O
rotavirus	B-SPEC
or	O
calicivirus	O
.	O

Three	O
compounds	O
,	O
chloroquine	B-CHED
,	O
mefloquine	B-CHED
,	O
and	O
hexamethylene	B-CHED
amiloride	B-CHED
demonstrated	O
marked	O
inhibition	B-PROC
of	O
virus	B-SPEC
induced	O
CPE	O
at	O
low	O
micromolar	O
concentrations	O
.	O

Selectivity	O
indices	O
calculated	O
based	O
on	O
in	O
vitro	O
cytotoxicity	B-DISO
screening	O
and	O
reductions	O
in	O
extracellular	B-COMP
viral	O
titre	O
were	O
217	O
,	O
24	O
,	O
and	O
20	O
for	O
chloroquine	B-CHED
,	O
mefloquine	B-CHED
,	O
and	O
hexamethylene	B-CHED
amiloride	B-CHED
respectively	O
.	O

Vaccines	O
and	O
antiviral	B-CHED
agents	I-CHED
are	O
urgently	O
needed	O
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
Respiratory	O
pathogens	O
were	O
detected	O
in	O
the	O
air	B-CHED
and	O
on	O
surfaces	O
in	O
the	O
KAAI	O
Airport	O
in	O
Pilgrims	O
City	O
.	O

Also	O
,	O
survivability	O
of	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
inoculated	O
on	O
spray	B-PRGE
dried	I-PRGE
bovine	B-SPEC
plasma	B-ANAT
(	O
SDBP	O
)	O
and	O
stored	O
at	O
4	O
,	O
12	O
or	O
22	O
°	O
C	O
was	O
determined	O
for	O
7	O
,	O
14	O
and	O
21	O
days	O
.	O

Commercial	O
SDBP	O
powder	O
was	O
inoculated	O
with	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
to	O
an	O
average	O
final	O
titer	O
of	O
2	O
.	O
8	O
log10	O
TCID50	O
/	O
g	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
and	O
its	O
milder	O
form	O
acute	O
lung	O
injury	O
(	O
ALI	O
)	O
may	O
result	O
from	O
various	O
diseases	O
and	O
situations	O
including	O
sepsis	B-DISO
,	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
,	O
trauma	O
,	O
acute	B-DISO
pancreatitis	I-DISO
,	O
aspiration	B-DISO
of	O
gastric	B-ANAT
contents	I-ANAT
,	O
near	O
-	O
drowning	O
etc	O
.	O

Patience	O
thus	O
has	O
the	O
genomic	O
profile	O
of	O
a	O
virus	B-SPEC
that	O
evolved	O
primarily	O
in	O
one	O
type	O
of	O
host	B-COMP
genetic	O
landscape	O
(	O
moderate	O
-	O
GC	O
bacteria	B-SPEC
)	O
but	O
has	O
found	O
its	O
way	O
into	O
a	O
distinctly	O
different	O
high	O
-	O
GC	O
environment	O
.	O

We	O
conducted	O
a	O
seroprevalence	O
study	O
of	O
banked	O
human	B-SPEC
serum	B-COMP
samples	O
collected	O
in	O
2012	O
from	O
Southern	O
Saudi	O
Arabia	O
.	O

Sera	B-COMP
from	O
300	O
animal	B-SPEC
workers	O
(	O
17	O
%	O
with	O
daily	O
camel	B-SPEC
exposure	O
)	O
and	O
50	O
non	O
-	O
animal	B-SPEC
-	O
exposed	O
controls	O
were	O
examined	O
for	O
serological	O
evidence	O
of	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
infection	B-DISO
by	O
a	O
pseudoparticle	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
spike	O
protein	B-CHED
neutralization	O
assay	O
.	O

Two	O
of	O
the	O
meta	B-SPEC
-	O
analyses	O
indicated	O
a	O
significantly	O
shorter	O
hospital	O
stay	O
(	O
5	O
.	O
17	O
-	O
9	O
.	O
49	O
days	O
),	O
and	O
one	O
meta	B-SPEC
-	O
analysis	O
found	O
a	O
significant	O
reduction	O
in	O
ICU	O
days	O
(	O
1	O
.	O
92	O
).	O

Coronaviruses	O
encode	O
16	O
nonstructural	O
proteins	B-CHED
(	O
nsps	O
),	O
three	O
of	O
which	O
,	O
nsp3	B-PRGE
,	O
nsp4	B-PRGE
,	O
and	O
nsp6	O
,	O
are	O
necessary	O
and	O
sufficient	O
for	O
DMV	O
formation	B-PROC
.	O

Thus	O
,	O
defining	O
the	O
mechanisms	O
of	O
virus	B-SPEC
-	O
induced	O
membrane	B-COMP
modifications	O
is	O
essential	O
for	O
both	O
understanding	O
virus	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
and	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
novel	O
approaches	O
to	O
virus	B-SPEC
inhibition	B-PROC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Evaluation	O
of	O
a	O
protocol	O
to	O
reduce	O
the	O
incidence	O
of	O
neonatal	B-DISO
calf	I-DISO
diarrhoea	I-DISO
on	O
dairy	O
herds	O
.	O

To	O
guide	O
fluid	O
management	O
,	O
the	O
cardiac	B-ANAT
index	O
(	O
CI	O
)	O
was	O
measured	O
to	O
assess	O
cardiac	B-PROC
function	I-PROC
,	O
the	O
global	O
end	O
-	O
diastolic	O
volume	O
index	O
(	O
GEDVI	O
)	O
was	O
used	O
to	O
evaluate	O
cardiac	B-ANAT
preload	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
extravascular	O
lung	B-ANAT
water	B-CHED
index	O
(	O
EVLWI	O
)	O
was	O
used	O
to	O
evaluate	O
the	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
edema	I-DISO
.	O

We	O
increased	O
cardiac	B-ANAT
output	O
to	O
increase	O
tissue	B-ANAT
perfusion	O
and	O
dehydration	B-DISO
speed	O
of	O
CVVHDF	O
was	O
set	O
at	O
70	O
ml	O
/	O
h	O
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
PiCCO	O
monitoring	O
can	O
provide	O
real	O
-	O
time	O
surveillance	O
of	O
cardiac	B-PROC
function	I-PROC
,	O
cardiac	B-ANAT
preload	O
and	O
afterload	O
,	O
and	O
extravascular	O
lung	B-ANAT
water	B-CHED
in	O
pediatric	O
patients	O
with	O
SAP	O
combined	O
with	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
aim	O
of	O
the	O
present	O
study	O
was	O
to	O
assess	O
the	O
rate	O
of	O
diffuse	O
alveolar	O
damage	O
(	O
DAD	O
)	O
on	O
open	O
lung	B-ANAT
biopsy	O
(	O
OLB	O
)	O
performed	O
in	O
the	O
ICU	O
for	O
nonresolving	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

A	O
single	O
-	O
center	O
retrospective	O
study	O
of	O
patients	O
meeting	O
the	O
Berlin	O
definition	O
criteria	O
for	O
ARDS	B-DISO
who	O
had	O
undergone	O
OLB	O
for	O
nonresolving	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
secondary	O
endpoint	O
was	O
the	O
ability	O
of	O
DAD	O
to	O
predict	O
ARDS	B-DISO
among	O
all	O
the	O
patients	O
who	O
had	O
OLB	O
.	O

From	O
January	O
1998	O
to	O
August	O
2013	O
,	O
113	O
patients	O
underwent	O
OLB	O
for	O
acute	O
hypoxemic	O
respiratory	O
failure	O
,	O
83	O
of	O
whom	O
met	B-CHED
the	O
inclusion	O
criteria	O
for	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

DAD	B-PRGE
is	O
present	O
in	O
the	O
majority	O
of	O
patients	O
with	O
nonresolving	O
ARDs	B-DISO
and	O
its	O
frequency	O
is	O
no	O
different	O
across	O
the	O
three	O
ARDS	B-DISO
stages	O
.	O

When	O
P34	O
and	O
EAV	B-SPEC
were	O
incubated	O
for	O
6	O
h	O
at	O
37	O
°	O
C	O
the	O
viral	O
titer	O
reduced	O
from	O
10	O
(	O
4	O
.	O
5	O
)	O
TCID50	O
to	O
10	O
(	O
2	O
.	O
75	O
)	O
TCID50	O
,	O
showing	O
a	O
percent	O
of	O
inhibition	B-PROC
of	O
98	O
.	O
6	O
%.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
outbreak	O
of	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
has	O
caused	O
209	O
deaths	B-PROC
and	O
699	O
laboratory	O
-	O
confirmed	O
cases	O
in	O
the	O
Arabian	O
Peninsula	O
as	O
of	O
June	O
11	O
,	O
2014	O
.	O

Here	O
we	O
synthesize	O
epidemiological	O
data	O
and	O
transmission	O
models	O
for	O
the	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
outbreak	O
during	O
April	O
-	O
October	O
2013	O
to	O
resolve	O
uncertainties	O
in	O
epidemic	O
risk	O
,	O
while	O
considering	O
the	O
impact	O
of	O
observation	O
bias	B-SPEC
.	O

Alternatively	O
,	O
if	O
these	O
epidemiological	O
observations	O
are	O
taken	O
at	O
face	B-DISO
value	O
,	O
index	O
cases	O
are	O
estimated	O
to	O
transmit	O
substantially	O
more	O
effectively	O
than	O
secondary	O
cases	O
,	O
(	O
Ri	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
84	O
(	O
0	O
.	O
58	O
-	O
1	O
.	O
20	O
)	O
vs	O
R	O
(	O
s	O
)	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
36	O
(	O
0	O
.	O
24	O
-	O
0	O
.	O
51	O
)).	O

Here	O
we	O
show	O
that	O
PLpro	O
also	O
inhibits	O
IRF3	O
activation	O
at	O
a	O
step	O
after	O
phosphorylation	B-PROC
and	O
that	O
this	O
inhibition	B-PROC
is	O
dependent	O
on	O
the	O
de	O
-	O
ubiquitination	B-PROC
(	O
DUB	O
)	O
activity	O
of	O
PLpro	O
.	O

We	O
found	O
that	O
PLpro	O
is	O
able	O
to	O
block	O
the	O
type	B-PRGE
I	I-PRGE
IFN	I-PRGE
induction	O
of	O
a	O
constitutively	O
active	O
IRF3	B-PRGE
,	O
but	O
does	O
not	O
inhibit	O
IRF3	B-PRGE
dimerization	O
,	O
nuclear	O
localization	B-PROC
or	O
DNA	B-FUNC
binding	I-FUNC
.	O

Although	O
diarrhea	B-DISO
is	O
a	O
symptom	B-DISO
of	O
infection	B-DISO
with	O
various	O
pathogens	O
,	O
investigations	O
to	O
detect	O
the	O
types	O
of	O
pathogens	O
have	O
never	O
been	O
performed	O
in	O
Japan	O
.	O

This	O
study	O
investigated	O
the	O
prevalence	O
of	O
four	O
major	O
diarrhea	B-DISO
-	O
causing	O
pathogens	O
in	O
calves	O
:	O
C	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
parvum	I-SPEC
,	O
rotavirus	B-SPEC
,	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
,	O
and	O
enterotoxigenic	O
Escherichia	B-SPEC
coli	I-SPEC
(	O
E	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
coli	I-SPEC
K99	O
).	O

The	O
frequencies	O
of	O
C	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
parvum	I-SPEC
,	O
rotavirus	B-SPEC
,	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
,	O
and	O
E	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
coli	I-SPEC
(	O
K99	O
)	O
in	O
Okinawa	O
were	O
50	O
%,	O
28	O
%,	O
2	O
.	O
3	O
%,	O
and	O
4	O
.	O
7	O
%,	O
respectively	O
.	O

In	O
oocyst	O
calculations	O
for	O
C	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
parvum	I-SPEC
,	O
no	O
significant	O
difference	O
was	O
observed	O
between	O
the	O
single	O
-	O
infection	B-DISO
cases	O
and	O
the	O
mixed	O
-	O
infection	B-DISO
cases	O
with	O
rotavirus	B-SPEC
.	O

All	O
recombinant	O
FCoVs	O
and	O
the	O
reference	O
strain	O
isolates	O
were	O
found	O
to	O
establish	O
productive	O
infections	B-DISO
in	O
cats	B-SPEC
.	O

While	O
none	O
of	O
the	O
type	B-PRGE
I	I-PRGE
FCoVs	I-PRGE
and	O
chimeric	O
FCoVs	O
induced	O
FIP	B-DISO
,	O
the	O
recombinant	B-PRGE
type	I-PRGE
II	I-PRGE
FCoV	I-PRGE
strain	O
79	O
-	O
1146	O
was	O
as	O
pathogenic	O
as	O
the	O
parental	O
isolate	O
.	O

We	O
have	O
begun	O
to	O
extend	O
this	O
work	O
using	O
recombinant	O
IBVs	O
,	O
which	O
are	O
chimera	O
of	O
different	O
virus	B-SPEC
strains	O
to	O
study	O
the	O
role	O
of	O
viral	O
proteins	B-CHED
in	O
the	O
induction	O
of	O
membrane	B-COMP
rearrangements	O
.	O

The	O
timing	O
of	O
oral	B-ANAT
-	O
sample	O
collection	O
is	O
crucial	O
to	O
correctly	O
interpret	O
the	O
negative	O
results	O
for	O
mumps	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
RNA	O
,	O
especially	O
when	O
suspected	O
cases	O
occur	O
in	O
vaccinated	O
persons	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Porcine	B-SPEC
epidemic	I-SPEC
diarrhea	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
)	O
mainly	O
infects	O
neonatal	O
pigs	B-SPEC
,	O
resulting	O
in	O
significant	O
morbidity	O
and	O
mortality	O
.	O

The	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
genome	O
encodes	O
two	O
polyprotein	O
precursors	O
required	O
for	O
genome	O
replication	O
and	O
transcription	B-PROC
.	O

In	O
postoperative	O
ARF	O
,	O
both	O
continuous	O
positive	O
airway	B-ANAT
pressure	O
and	O
NIV	O
are	O
effective	O
to	O
improve	O
clinical	O
outcomes	O
,	O
particularly	O
in	O
those	O
with	O
abdominal	B-ANAT
,	O
cardiac	B-ANAT
,	O
and	O
thoracic	B-DISO
surgery	O
.	O

bioinformatics	O
analysis	O
of	O
our	O
kinome	O
data	O
,	O
including	O
pathway	B-PROC
overrepresentation	O
analysis	O
(	O
ORA	O
)	O
and	O
functional	O
network	O
analysis	O
,	O
suggested	O
that	O
extracellular	B-ENZY
signal	I-ENZY
-	I-ENZY
regulated	I-ENZY
kinase	I-ENZY
(	O
ERK	B-FUNC
)/	O
mitogen	B-CHED
-	I-ENZY
activated	I-ENZY
protein	B-CHED
kinase	I-ENZY
(	O
MAPK	O
)	O
and	O
phosphoinositol	O
3	O
-	O
kinase	O
(	O
PI3K	B-FUNC
)/	O
serine	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
threonine	B-CHED
kinase	I-PRGE
(	O
AKT	B-PRGE
)/	O
mammalian	B-SPEC
target	O
of	O
rapamycin	B-CHED
(	O
mTOR	B-PRGE
)	O
signaling	B-PROC
responses	O
were	O
specifically	O
modulated	O
in	O
response	O
to	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
infection	B-DISO
in	O
vitro	O
throughout	O
the	O
course	O
of	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

Incisions	O
included	O
anterolateral	O
thoracotomy	O
in	O
69	O
%	O
and	O
sternotomy	O
in	O
25	O
%;	O
73	O
%	O
required	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
resection	O
,	O
20	O
%	O
required	O
cardiorraphy	O
,	O
and	O
9	O
%	O
had	O
major	O
vascular	B-ANAT
injuries	O
;	O
multiple	O
procedures	O
were	O
common	O
.	O

Forty	O
-	O
two	O
patients	O
(	O
95	O
%)	O
had	O
thoracic	B-DISO
packing	O
with	O
vacuum	O
-	O
assisted	O
closure	O
.	O

All	O
survivors	O
were	O
neurologically	O
intact	O
and	O
dialysis	B-SPEC
free	O
.	O

This	O
was	O
a	O
retrospective	O
study	O
of	O
adults	O
receiving	O
ECMO	O
for	O
ARDS	B-DISO
after	O
initiation	O
of	O
a	O
blood	B-ANAT
conservation	O
protocol	O
that	O
included	O
a	O
transfusion	O
trigger	O
of	O
hemoglobin	B-PRGE
of	O
less	O
than	O
7	O
.	O
0	O
g	O
/	O
dL	O
,	O
use	O
of	O
low	O
-	O
dose	O
anticoagulation	B-PROC
targeting	B-PROC
an	O
activated	O
partial	O
thromboplastin	B-PRGE
time	O
of	O
40	O
to	O
60	O
seconds	O
,	O
and	O
autotransfusion	O
of	O
circuit	O
blood	B-ANAT
during	O
decannulation	O
.	O

Twenty	O
-	O
eight	O
patients	O
(	O
73	O
.	O
7	O
%)	O
survived	O
to	O
hospital	O
discharge	B-ANAT
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Permissive	O
hypercapnia	B-DISO
:	O
what	O
to	O
remember	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
EMS	O
patients	O
and	O
walk	O
-	O
in	O
patients	O
presenting	O
with	O
severe	B-DISO
sepsis	I-DISO
:	O
differences	O
in	O
management	O
and	O
outcome	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Infection	O
by	O
human	B-SPEC
coronaviruses	O
is	O
usually	O
characterized	O
by	O
rampant	O
viral	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
and	O
severe	O
immunopathology	B-DISO
in	O
host	B-COMP
cells	B-COMP
.	O

By	O
promoting	O
p53	B-PRGE
degradation	O
,	O
PLP2	B-PRGE
inhibits	O
the	O
p53	B-PRGE
-	O
mediated	O
antiviral	B-PROC
response	I-PROC
and	O
apoptosis	B-PATH
to	O
ensure	O
viral	O
growth	B-PROC
in	O
infected	O
cells	B-COMP
.	O

Thus	O
,	O
our	O
study	O
reveals	O
that	O
coronavirus	O
engages	O
PLPs	O
to	O
escape	O
from	O
the	O
innate	O
antiviral	B-PROC
response	I-PROC
of	O
the	O
host	B-COMP
by	O
inhibiting	O
p53	B-PRGE
-	O
IRF7	B-PRGE
-	O
IFNβ	O
signaling	B-PROC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Knowledge	O
and	O
attitude	O
of	O
healthcare	O
workers	O
about	O
Middle	O
East	O
Respiratory	O
Syndrome	B-DISO
in	O
multispecialty	O
hospitals	O
of	O
Qassim	O
,	O
Saudi	O
Arabia	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Feline	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
peritonitis	I-DISO
(	O
FIP	B-DISO
),	O
caused	O
by	O
feline	B-SPEC
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
FCoV	O
)	O
infection	B-DISO
,	O
is	O
a	O
highly	O
lethal	O
disease	O
without	O
effective	O
therapy	O
and	O
prevention	O
.	O

We	O
hypothesized	O
that	O
the	O
assessment	O
of	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
severity	O
at	O
standardized	O
low	O
positive	O
end	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
expiratory	I-PROC
pressure	O
may	O
improve	O
the	O
association	O
between	O
the	O
underlying	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
,	O
as	O
detected	O
by	O
CT	O
,	O
and	O
PaO2	O
/	O
FIO2	O
-	O
derived	O
severity	O
.	O

At	O
clinical	O
positive	O
end	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
expiratory	I-PROC
pressure	O
(	O
11	O
±	O
3	O
cm	O
H2O	B-CHED
),	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
had	O
a	O
greater	O
lung	B-ANAT
tissue	I-ANAT
weight	O
and	O
recruitability	O
than	O
patients	O
with	O
mild	O
or	O
moderate	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
p	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
001	O
).	O

When	O
patients	O
were	O
classified	O
at	O
5	O
cm	O
H2O	B-CHED
,	O
but	O
not	O
at	O
clinical	O
or	O
15	O
cm	O
H2O	B-CHED
,	O
lung	B-ANAT
recruitability	O
linearly	O
increases	O
with	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
severity	O
(	O
5	O
%	O
[	O
2	O
-	O
12	O
%]	O
vs	O
12	O
%	O
[	O
7	O
-	O
18	O
%]	O
vs	O
23	O
%	O
[	O
12	O
-	O
30	O
%],	O
respectively	O
,	O
p	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
001	O
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Molecular	O
survey	O
of	O
RNA	O
viruses	B-SPEC
in	O
Hungarian	O
bats	B-SPEC
:	O
discovering	O
novel	O
astroviruses	O
,	O
coronaviruses	O
,	O
and	O
caliciviruses	O
.	O

The	O
Hungarian	O
BtCalV	O
did	O
not	O
cluster	O
with	O
any	O
of	O
the	O
calcivirus	O
genera	O
identified	O
in	O
the	O
family	B-SPEC
so	O
far	O
.	O

Furthermore	O
,	O
we	O
have	O
described	O
new	O
bat	B-ENZY
species	B-SPEC
harboring	O
BtAstVs	O
in	O
Europe	O
and	O
found	O
new	O
species	B-SPEC
of	O
CalVs	O
.	O

ASA	B-CHED
desensitization	B-PROC
helps	O
improve	O
symptoms	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
AERD	O
.	O

In	O
the	O
less	O
severe	O
patients	O
(	O
mild	O
ARDS	B-DISO
),	O
however	O
,	O
a	O
few	O
studies	O
have	O
demonstrated	O
the	O
benefits	O
of	O
preserving	O
spontaneous	O
breathing	B-PROC
with	O
an	O
improvement	O
in	O
oxygenation	B-PROC
and	O
a	O
decrease	O
in	O
the	O
length	O
of	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Extracorporeal	O
life	O
support	O
for	O
severe	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

Advances	O
in	O
cannulation	O
,	O
circuit	O
design	O
,	O
and	O
patient	O
selection	O
have	O
made	O
it	O
a	O
safer	O
therapeutic	O
option	O
in	O
severe	O
ARDS	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
its	O
use	O
has	O
become	O
more	O
widespread	O
for	O
nonconventional	O
indications	O
.	O

We	O
found	O
the	O
universal	O
IBV	B-SPEC
primers	O
and	O
probe	O
set	O
to	O
be	O
comparable	O
to	O
challenge	O
-	O
virus	B-SPEC
detection	O
in	O
embryonated	O
eggs	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Association	O
of	O
host	B-COMP
tropism	B-PROC
of	O
Middle	O
East	B-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
with	O
the	O
amino	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
structure	O
of	O
host	O
cell	O
receptor	O
dipeptidyl	O
peptidase	O
4	O
.	O

We	O
found	O
out	O
that	O
,	O
in	O
the	O
binding	B-FUNC
of	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
to	O
cells	B-COMP
the	O
amino	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
residues	O
in	O
lancets	O
4	O
and	O
5	O
of	O
DPP4	B-PRGE
receptor	I-PRGE
,	O
namely	O
K267	O
,	O
Q286	O
,	O
T288	O
,	O
R317	O
,	O
R336	O
,	O
Q344	O
A291	O
,	O
L294	O
,	O
and	O
I295	O
are	O
involved	O
.	O

Coronaviruses	O
such	O
as	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
and	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
-	O
associated	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
cause	O
high	O
case	O
fatality	O
rates	O
and	O
remain	O
major	O
human	B-SPEC
public	O
health	O
threats	O
,	O
creating	O
a	O
need	O
for	O
effective	O
vaccines	O
.	O

Thus	O
,	O
delta	O
inulin	B-CHED
adjuvants	B-CHED
may	O
offer	O
a	O
unique	O
ability	O
to	O
develop	O
safer	O
and	O
more	O
effective	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
vaccines	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Mass	O
Thermography	O
Screening	O
for	O
Infection	B-DISO
and	O
Prevention	O
:	O
A	O
Review	O
of	O
the	O
Clinical	O
Effectiveness	O
ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Thermography	O
involves	O
the	O
quantification	O
of	O
emitted	O
radiation	O
to	O
measure	O
temperature	O
,	O
and	O
provides	O
a	O
quick	O
non	O
-	O
invasive	O
means	O
to	O
measure	O
body	O
temperature	O
.	O

Recently	O
,	O
the	O
2014	O
Ebola	O
epidemic	O
in	O
West	O
Africa	O
has	O
renewed	O
concerns	O
of	O
disease	B-DISO
transmission	I-DISO
across	O
borders	O
and	O
increased	O
vigilance	O
to	O
identify	O
individuals	O
entering	O
the	O
country	O
who	O
may	O
harbour	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
objective	O
of	O
the	O
Scandinavian	O
Society	O
of	O
Anaesthesiology	O
and	O
Intensive	O
Care	O
Medicine	B-CHED
(	O
SSAI	O
)	O
task	O
force	O
on	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
in	O
adults	O
with	O
the	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
is	O
to	O
formulate	O
treatment	O
recommendations	O
based	O
on	O
available	O
evidence	O
from	O
systematic	O
reviews	O
and	O
randomised	O
trials	O
.	O

Also	O
,	O
we	O
suggest	O
positive	O
end	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
expiratory	I-PROC
pressure	O
(	O
PEEP	B-CHED
)	O
>	O
5	O
cm	O
H2O	B-CHED
in	O
moderate	O
to	O
severe	O
ARDS	B-DISO
and	O
prone	O
ventilation	O
16	O
/	O
24	O
h	O
for	O
the	O
first	O
week	O
in	O
moderate	O
to	O
severe	O
ARDS	B-DISO
(	O
weak	O
recommendation	O
,	O
low	O
quality	O
evidence	O
).	O

Between	O
2010	O
and	O
2012	O
,	O
nasal	B-ANAT
swabs	O
were	O
collected	O
from	O
1	O
,	O
484	O
apparently	O
healthy	O
cattle	B-SPEC
destined	O
for	O
export	O
to	O
the	O
Middle	O
East	O
and	O
Russian	O
Federation	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Genotype	O
shift	O
in	O
human	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
OC43	O
and	O
emergence	O
of	O
a	O
novel	O
genotype	O
by	O
natural	O
recombination	B-PROC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Human	B-PRGE
coronavirus	I-PRGE
(	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
)	O
OC43	O
is	O
the	O
most	O
prevalent	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
in	O
respiratory	B-DISO
tract	I-DISO
infections	I-DISO
.	O

Sixty	O
of	O
these	O
65	O
samples	O
belong	O
to	O
genotypes	O
B	O
,	O
C	O
and	O
D	O
.	O
The	O
remaining	O
five	O
strains	O
had	O
incongruent	O
positions	O
in	O
the	O
phylogenetic	O
trees	O
of	O
the	O
S	O
,	O
RdRp	B-FUNC
and	O
N	O
genes	O
,	O
suggesting	O
a	O
novel	O
genotype	O
emerging	O
,	O
designated	O
as	O
genotype	O
E	O
.	O
Whole	O
genome	O
sequencing	O
and	O
bootscan	O
analysis	O
indicated	O
that	O
genotype	O
E	O
is	O
generated	O
by	O
recombination	O
between	O
genotypes	O
B	O
,	O
C	O
and	O
D	O
.	O
Temporal	O
analysis	O
revealed	O
a	O
sequential	O
genotype	O
replacement	O
of	O
C	O
,	O
B	O
,	O
D	O
and	O
E	O
over	O
the	O
study	O
period	O
with	O
genotype	O
D	O
being	O
the	O
dominant	O
genotype	O
since	O
2007	O
.	O

Replicating	O
virus	B-SPEC
was	O
strongly	O
associated	O
with	O
macrophages	B-ANAT
by	O
immunohistochemistry	O
.	O

Virus	B-SPEC
was	O
usually	O
detected	O
at	O
relatively	O
low	O
levels	O
in	O
feces	B-ANAT
and	O
there	O
was	O
no	O
evidence	O
of	O
enterocyte	B-ANAT
infection	B-DISO
.	O

In	O
addition	O
to	O
its	O
function	O
as	O
a	O
structural	O
protein	B-CHED
,	O
N	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
is	O
involved	O
in	O
cell	B-COMP
apoptosis	B-PATH
or	O
cell	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
cycle	I-PROC
regulation	I-PROC
.	O

Here	O
,	O
we	O
computationally	O
analyzed	O
gene	B-PROC
expression	I-PROC
changes	O
in	O
a	O
human	B-SPEC
airway	B-ANAT
epithelial	B-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
line	O
infected	O
with	O
two	O
genetically	O
distinct	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
strains	O
obtained	O
from	O
human	B-SPEC
patients	O
,	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
SA	O
1	O
and	O
MERS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
Eng	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
.	O

Predicted	O
activation	O
for	O
STAT3	B-PRGE
mediating	O
gene	B-PROC
expression	I-PROC
relevant	O
for	O
epithelial	B-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
-	O
to	O
-	O
cell	B-COMP
adherens	O
and	O
junction	O
signaling	B-PROC
in	O
MERS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
Eng	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
infection	B-DISO
suggest	O
that	O
these	O
transcriptional	B-PROC
differences	O
may	O
be	O
the	O
result	O
of	O
amino	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
differences	O
in	O
viral	O
proteins	B-CHED
known	O
to	O
modulate	O
innate	B-PROC
immunity	I-PROC
during	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

A	O
total	O
of	O
152	O
patients	O
(	O
community	O
-	O
acquired	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
[	O
39	O
.	O
5	O
%],	O
health	O
care	O
-	O
associated	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
[	O
40	O
.	O
8	O
%],	O
and	O
hospital	O
-	O
acquired	O
pneumonia	O
[	O
19	O
.	O
7	O
%])	O
were	O
included	O
in	O
the	O
study	O
.	O

A	O
retrospective	O
investigation	O
of	O
the	O
clinical	O
manifestation	O
,	O
laboratory	O
test	O
,	O
imagelogy	O
,	O
clinical	O
course	O
and	O
outcome	O
of	O
3	O
cases	O
with	O
MP	O
-	O
HLH	B-DISO
seen	O
between	O
June	O
2013	O
and	O
July	O
2013	O
in	O
Shenzhen	O
Children	O
'	O
s	O
Hospital	O
,	O
and	O
review	O
of	O
relevant	O
literature	O
were	O
conducted	O
.	O

Diagnosis	O
of	O
refractory	O
Mycoplasma	B-DISO
pneumoniae	I-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
was	O
made	O
,	O
which	O
was	O
accompanied	O
by	O
decreased	O
neutrophils	B-ANAT
[(	O
0	O
.	O
08	O
-	O
0	O
.	O
68	O
)×	O
10	O
(	O
9	O
)/	O
L	O
],	O
hemoglobin	B-PRGE
[(	O
79	O
-	O
103	O
)	O
g	O
/	O
L	O
],	O
platelet	B-ANAT
[(	O
64	O
-	O
157	O
)×	O
10	O
(	O
9	O
)/	O
L	O
],	O
plasma	B-PRGE
fibrinogen	B-COMP
[(	O
1	O
.	O
3	O
-	O
1	O
.	O
5	O
)	O
g	O
/	O
L	O
],	O
lactate	B-PRGE
dehydrogenase	I-PRGE
[(	O
1	O
,	O
170	O
-	O
1	O
,	O
285	O
)	O
U	O
/	O
L	O
]	O
and	O
increased	O
serum	B-ANAT
ferritin	B-PRGE
[(	O
936	O
.	O
7	O
-	O
39	O
789	O
.	O
0	O
)	O
µg	O
/	O
L	O
]	O
in	O
the	O
third	O
week	O
of	O
course	O
.	O

CT	O
scan	O
was	O
performed	O
for	O
all	O
the	O
cases	O
and	O
consolidation	O
with	O
pleural	B-DISO
effusion	I-DISO
were	O
shown	O
.	O

Too	O
late	O
a	O
diagnosis	O
or	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
serious	O
complications	O
may	O
lead	O
to	O
death	B-PROC
.	O

DRG	O
International	O
Classification	O
of	O
Diseases	O
--	O
9th	O
Rev	O
.	O
codes	O
were	O
crosswalked	O
to	O
Abbreviated	O
Injury	O
Scale	O
(	O
AIS	B-DISO
)	O
2005	O
codes	O
.	O

We	O
searched	O
PubMed	O
and	O
EMBASE	O
between	O
inception	O
and	O
January	O
2014	O
,	O
including	O
all	O
studies	O
reporting	O
seasonal	O
incidence	O
of	O
GBS	B-DISO
.	O

Across	O
all	O
studies	O
,	O
there	O
was	O
greater	O
seasonal	O
variation	O
with	O
respiratory	O
prodrome	O
(	O
IRR	O
=	O
3	O
.	O
06	O
,	O
1	O
.	O
84	O
-	O
5	O
.	O
11	O
,	O
p	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
0001	O
)	O
than	O
diarrhoeal	O
prodrome	B-DISO
(	O
IRR	O
=	O
1	O
.	O
10	O
,	O
0	O
.	O
60	O
-	O
2	O
.	O
00	O
,	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
76	O
)	O
and	O
a	O
greater	O
incidence	O
in	O
winter	O
in	O
Western	O
countries	O
(	O
IRR	O
=	O
1	O
.	O
28	O
),	O
the	O
Far	O
East	O
(	O
IRR	O
=	O
1	O
.	O
20	O
)	O
and	O
Middle	O
East	O
(	O
IRR	O
=	O
1	O
.	O
12	O
),	O
with	O
a	O
lower	O
incidence	O
in	O
the	O
Indian	O
subcontinent	O
(	O
IRR	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
86	O
)	O
and	O
Latin	O
America	O
(	O
IRR	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
75	O
).	O

Blood	B-ANAT
MxA	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
levels	O
were	O
measured	O
by	O
an	O
enzyme	O
immunoassay	O
and	O
PCR	O
methods	O
were	O
used	O
for	O
the	O
detection	O
of	O
respiratory	O
viruses	B-SPEC
in	O
nasal	B-ANAT
swabs	O
.	O

Rhinovirus	B-SPEC
,	O
respiratory	B-SPEC
syncytial	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
,	O
parainfluenza	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
,	O
influenza	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
,	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
,	O
and	O
human	B-SPEC
metapneumovirus	I-SPEC
infections	B-DISO
were	O
associated	O
with	O
elevated	O
MxA	O
responses	O
.	O

Asymptomatic	O
virus	B-SPEC
-	O
negative	O
children	O
vaccinated	O
with	O
a	O
live	O
virus	B-SPEC
vaccine	O
had	O
elevated	O
MxA	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
levels	O
(	O
240	O
[	O
120	O
-	O
540	O
]	O
μg	O
/	O
L	O
),	O
but	O
significantly	O
lower	O
than	O
children	O
with	O
an	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
,	O
who	O
had	O
not	O
received	O
vaccinations	O
(	O
740	O
[	O
350	O
-	O
1425	O
]	O
μg	O
/	O
L	O
;	O
p	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
001	O
).	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
cases	O
without	O
documented	O
contact	O
with	O
another	O
human	B-SPEC
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
case	O
make	O
up	O
61	O
%	O
(	O
517	O
/	O
853	O
)	O
of	O
all	O
reported	O
cases	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
compare	O
the	O
positive	O
end	O
-	O
expiratory	O
pressure	O
selection	O
aiming	O
either	O
to	O
oxygenation	B-PROC
or	O
to	O
the	O
full	O
lung	B-ANAT
opening	O
.	O

Increasing	O
positive	O
end	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
expiratory	I-PROC
pressure	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
hypoxemia	O
is	O
associated	O
with	O
better	O
outcome	O
if	O
the	O
oxygenation	B-PROC
response	O
is	O
greater	O
and	O
positive	O
end	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
expiratory	I-PROC
pressure	O
tests	O
may	O
be	O
performed	O
in	O
a	O
few	O
minutes	O
.	O

If	O
,	O
after	O
recruitment	B-DISO
maneuver	O
,	O
the	O
recruitment	B-DISO
is	O
not	O
sustained	O
by	O
sufficient	O
positive	O
end	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
expiratory	I-PROC
pressure	O
,	O
the	O
lung	B-ANAT
will	O
unavoidably	O
collapse	B-DISO
.	O

Recent	O
investigations	O
suggest	O
the	O
possible	O
role	O
of	O
NLRP3	B-PRGE
inflammasomes	I-PRGE
,	O
which	O
regulate	O
IL	O
-	O
1β	O
production	O
and	O
lead	O
to	O
inflammatory	B-DISO
responses	I-DISO
,	O
in	O
the	O
pathophysiology	O
of	O
HALI	O
;	O
however	O
,	O
their	O
role	O
is	O
not	O
fully	O
understood	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Inhaled	B-PROC
nitric	B-CHED
oxide	I-CHED
(	O
INO	O
)	O
improves	O
ventilation	O
-	O
perfusion	O
matching	O
and	O
alleviates	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
hypertension	I-DISO
in	O
patients	O
with	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

A	O
better	O
understanding	O
of	O
the	O
mechanisms	O
by	O
which	O
INO	O
acts	O
may	O
guide	O
in	O
improving	O
treatment	O
with	O
INO	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
.	O

This	O
might	O
augment	O
the	O
vasoconstriction	B-DISO
in	O
atelectatic	O
lung	B-ANAT
regions	O
,	O
enhancing	O
the	O
redistribution	O
of	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
blood	B-PROC
flow	I-PROC
to	O
ventilated	O
lung	B-ANAT
regions	O
which	O
are	O
reached	O
by	O
INO	O
.	O

The	O
vast	O
majority	O
of	O
patients	O
presented	O
a	O
clinical	O
picture	O
compatible	O
with	O
acute	O
cerebellar	B-DISO
dysfunction	I-DISO
,	O
beginning	O
minutes	O
and	O
lasting	O
up	O
to	O
2	O
days	O
after	O
the	O
accident	O
.	O

Besides	O
,	O
some	O
patients	O
presented	O
myoclonus	B-DISO
and	O
fasciculation	B-DISO
which	O
can	O
also	O
be	O
attributed	O
to	O
cerebellar	O
dysfunction	O
or	O
maybe	O
the	O
result	O
of	O
direct	O
action	O
on	O
skeletal	B-ANAT
muscle	I-ANAT
.	O

Here	O
,	O
we	O
collect	O
and	O
interpret	O
the	O
recent	O
experimental	O
evidence	O
about	O
the	O
role	O
and	O
importance	O
of	O
membrane	B-COMP
-	O
bound	O
organelles	B-COMP
in	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
replication	O
.	O

Here	O
,	O
we	O
report	O
that	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
a	O
transgenic	O
mouse	B-SPEC
model	O
expressing	O
porcine	B-SPEC
APN	O
which	O
is	O
susceptible	O
to	O
porcine	B-SPEC
coronavirus	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
.	O

During	O
2002	O
-	O
2003	O
,	O
SARS	B-DISO
in	O
-	O
out	O
flow	O
played	O
an	O
important	O
role	O
in	O
countrywide	O
transmission	O
of	O
the	O
disease	O
in	O
Mainland	O
China	O
.	O

Additional	O
experiments	O
revealed	O
,	O
unexpectedly	O
,	O
that	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
S	O
-	O
mediated	O
entry	O
also	O
begins	O
only	O
after	O
a	O
30	O
-	O
min	O
lag	O
.	O

Ebola	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
is	O
a	O
hemorrhagic	B-DISO
fever	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
that	O
causes	O
high	O
fatality	O
rates	O
when	O
it	O
spreads	O
from	O
zoonotic	O
vectors	O
into	O
the	O
human	B-SPEC
population	O
.	O

No	O
effective	O
vaccine	O
or	O
treatment	O
has	O
yet	O
been	O
approved	O
for	O
either	O
virus	B-SPEC
.	O

This	O
unexpected	O
similarity	O
suggests	O
an	O
unexplored	O
vulnerability	O
,	O
trafficking	B-PROC
to	O
NPC1	B-DISO
(+)	O
LE	O
/	O
Lys	B-CHED
,	O
as	O
a	O
therapeutic	O
target	O
for	O
SARS	B-DISO
and	O
EBOV	O
.	O

Its	O
unique	O
putative	O
cleavage	B-PROC
sites	O
between	O
nonstructural	O
proteins	B-CHED
1	O
and	O
2	O
and	O
in	O
the	O
spike	O
(	O
S	O
)	O
protein	B-CHED
and	O
low	O
sequence	O
identities	O
to	O
other	O
lineage	O
A	O
betacoronaviruses	O
(	O
βCoVs	O
)	O
in	O
conserved	O
replicase	B-PRGE
domains	O
support	O
ChRCoV	O
HKU24	O
as	O
a	O
separate	O
species	B-SPEC
.	O

Molecular	O
clock	O
analysis	O
dated	O
the	O
time	O
of	O
the	O
most	O
recent	O
common	O
ancestor	O
of	O
ChRCoV	O
HKU24	O
,	O
Betacoronavirus	B-SPEC
1	I-SPEC
,	O
and	O
rabbit	B-PRGE
coronavirus	B-SPEC
HKU14	I-PRGE
to	O
about	O
the	O
year	O
1400	O
.	O

We	O
discovered	O
a	O
novel	O
lineage	O
A	O
βCoV	O
,	O
China	O
Rattus	B-SPEC
coronavirus	B-SPEC
HKU24	O
(	O
ChRCoV	O
HKU24	O
),	O
from	O
Norway	B-SPEC
rats	I-SPEC
in	O
China	O
with	O
a	O
high	O
seroprevalence	O
.	O

The	O
observation	O
endpoint	O
was	O
set	O
as	O
the	O
time	O
when	O
the	O
lung	B-ANAT
lesions	O
were	O
basically	O
absorbed	O
or	O
12	O
months	O
after	O
withdrawal	B-DISO
.	O

Lung	B-ANAT
HRCT	O
of	O
severe	O
ARDS	B-DISO
survivors	O
after	O
ECMO	O
treatment	O
showed	O
various	O
degrees	O
of	O
morphological	O
changes	O
in	O
the	O
lung	B-ANAT
parenchyma	I-ANAT
.	O

One	O
additional	O
patient	O
was	O
36	O
days	O
postpartum	O
and	O
required	O
intensive	O
care	O
unit	O
admission	O
and	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
for	O
influenza	B-DISO
-	O
associated	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

During	O
the	O
influenza	B-DISO
season	O
,	O
pregnant	O
women	O
with	O
suspected	O
influenza	B-DISO
should	O
receive	O
prompt	O
empiric	O
antiviral	B-CHED
therapy	O
,	O
regardless	O
of	O
rapid	O
influenza	B-DISO
diagnostic	O
test	O
results	O
or	O
vaccination	O
status	O
.	O

Recent	O
annual	O
applications	O
for	O
this	O
elective	O
have	O
been	O
as	O
high	O
as	O
44	O
out	O
of	O
a	O
class	B-SPEC
of	O
200	O
students	O
.	O

Students	O
undergo	O
extensive	O
preparation	O
prior	O
to	O
their	O
travel	O
overseas	O
,	O
including	O
a	O
review	O
of	O
individual	O
health	O
and	O
safety	O
issues	O
,	O
travel	O
and	O
lodging	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
nature	O
of	O
the	O
host	B-COMP
country	O
culture	O
,	O
health	O
care	O
system	O
and	O
assignment	O
site	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
describe	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
settings	O
in	O
adult	O
patients	O
treated	O
for	O
an	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
with	O
extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenation	B-PROC
and	O
assess	O
the	O
potential	O
impact	O
of	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
settings	O
on	O
ICU	O
mortality	O
.	O

Lower	O
positive	O
end	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
expiratory	I-PROC
pressure	O
levels	O
(	O
until	O
day	O
7	O
)	O
and	O
lower	O
delivered	O
tidal	O
volume	O
after	O
3	O
days	O
on	O
extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenation	B-PROC
were	O
associated	O
with	O
significantly	O
higher	O
mortality	O
(	O
p	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
).	O

In	O
multivariate	O
analysis	O
,	O
higher	O
positive	O
end	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
expiratory	I-PROC
pressure	O
levels	O
during	O
the	O
first	O
3	O
days	O
of	O
extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenation	B-PROC
support	O
were	O
associated	O
with	O
lower	O
mortality	O
(	O
odds	O
ratio	O
,	O
0	O
.	O
75	O
;	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
,	O
0	O
.	O
64	O
-	O
0	O
.	O
88	O
;	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
0006	O
).	O

This	O
has	O
been	O
because	O
the	O
concept	O
of	O
lung	B-ANAT
protective	O
ventilation	O
strategy	O
had	O
not	O
yet	O
known	O
.	O

With	O
the	O
accumulating	O
evidences	O
of	O
survival	O
benefit	O
,	O
the	O
long	O
-	O
term	O
outcome	O
such	O
as	O
pulmonary	B-PROC
function	I-PROC
and	O
quality	O
of	O
life	O
are	O
in	O
concern	O
.	O

This	O
suggests	O
that	O
such	O
strategies	O
are	O
still	O
sub	O
-	O
optimal	O
for	O
some	O
ARDS	B-DISO
patients	O
.	O

These	O
compounds	O
were	O
evaluated	O
for	O
their	O
antiviral	B-CHED
activity	O
against	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
replication	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
structure	O
-	O
activity	O
relationships	O
(	O
SARs	B-DISO
)	O
were	O
discussed	O
.	O

Women	O
with	O
HELLP	B-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
without	O
clear	O
Plt	B-PRGE
and	O
AST	B-PRGE
improvement	O
in	O
the	O
first	O
48	O
hours	O
and	O
with	O
acute	O
kidney	B-ANAT
injury	O
,	O
neurological	O
impairment	B-DISO
,	O
or	O
respiratory	B-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
are	O
at	O
risk	O
of	O
progressing	O
to	O
PTMS	O
.	O

Survival	O
of	O
MHV	O
-	O
infected	O
animals	B-SPEC
treated	O
with	O
MT	O
was	O
severely	O
reduced	O
compared	O
with	O
that	O
of	O
MHV	B-SPEC
-	O
infected	O
mice	B-SPEC
or	O
controls	O
only	O
treated	O
with	O
MT	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Although	O
sociability	O
offers	O
many	O
advantages	O
,	O
a	O
major	O
drawback	O
is	O
the	O
increased	O
risk	O
of	O
exposure	O
to	O
contagious	O
pathogens	O
,	O
like	O
parasites	O
,	O
viruses	O
,	O
or	O
bacteria	B-SPEC
.	O

In	O
rodents	B-SPEC
,	O
sick	O
conspecific	O
avoidance	O
can	O
be	O
induced	O
by	O
olfactory	B-PROC
cues	O
emitted	O
by	O
parasitized	O
or	O
infected	O
conspecifics	O
.	O

We	O
found	O
that	O
these	O
chemical	O
signals	O
trigger	O
neural	O
activity	O
in	O
the	O
vomeronasal	B-ANAT
system	I-ANAT
,	O
an	O
olfactory	B-PROC
subsystem	O
controlling	O
various	O
innate	O
behaviors	B-PROC
.	O

There	O
was	O
no	O
difference	O
in	O
prevalence	O
of	O
or	O
incidence	O
risk	O
for	O
BRSV	B-SPEC
or	O
BoCV	O
between	O
Swedish	O
OM	O
and	O
CM	O
herds	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Newcastle	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
(	O
ND	O
)	O
and	O
avian	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
bronchitis	I-DISO
(	O
IB	O
)	O
are	O
contagious	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
of	O
chickens	B-SPEC
.	O

This	O
determined	O
six	O
single	O
-	O
nucleotide	B-CHED
polymorphisms	B-PROC
(	O
SNPs	O
)	O
that	O
were	O
associated	O
with	O
antibody	B-COMP
levels	O
against	O
Newcastle	B-SPEC
disease	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
NDV	B-SPEC
):	O
rsZ2494661	O
,	O
rsZ2494710	O
,	O
rs1211307701	O
,	O
rs1211307711	O
,	O
rs1218289310	O
and	O
rs420701988	O
.	O

IB	O
had	O
two	O
SNPs	O
associated	O
with	O
antibody	O
levels	O
:	O
rs149988433	O
and	O
rs16170823	O
;	O
both	O
reached	O
chromosome	B-COMP
-	O
wide	O
significance	O
levels	O
and	O
they	O
were	O
near	O
the	O
USP7	B-PRGE
and	O
TRIM27	B-PRGE
genes	I-PRGE
,	O
respectively	O
.	O

This	O
study	O
provides	O
a	O
promising	O
new	O
template	O
with	O
potential	O
antiviral	B-CHED
activity	O
.	O

Consistent	O
with	O
the	O
reported	O
genetic	O
differences	O
,	O
the	O
results	O
of	O
CCIF	O
and	O
VN	O
assays	O
also	O
revealed	O
higher	O
antigenic	B-PROC
variation	I-PROC
between	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
CV777	O
and	O
U	O
.	O
S	O
.	O
strains	O
.	O

The	O
K194R	O
polymorphism	B-PROC
has	O
no	O
effect	O
on	O
in	O
vitro	O
replication	O
but	O
influences	O
hepatotropism	O
,	O
and	O
introduction	O
of	O
R194K	O
into	O
JHM	O
.	O
SD	O
promotes	O
replication	O
in	O
the	O
liver	B-ANAT
.	O

This	O
new	O
and	O
unique	O
transgenic	O
mouse	B-SPEC
model	O
will	O
be	O
useful	O
for	O
furthering	O
MERS	O
research	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
The	O
seasonality	O
of	O
respiratory	O
viruses	B-SPEC
in	O
patients	O
with	O
chronic	B-DISO
rhinosinusitis	I-DISO
.	O

The	O
pattern	O
of	O
respiratory	O
virus	B-SPEC
seasonality	O
found	O
in	O
nasal	B-ANAT
mucosa	I-ANAT
,	O
polyps	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
paranasal	B-ANAT
sinus	I-ANAT
samples	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
CRS	B-DISO
reinforces	O
the	O
possibility	O
of	O
asymptomatic	O
respiratory	O
viral	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
.	O

The	O
aim	O
of	O
this	O
study	O
was	O
to	O
assess	O
the	O
clinical	O
and	O
epidemiological	O
features	O
of	O
sarcoidosis	B-DISO
patients	O
in	O
a	O
referral	O
clinic	O
of	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
in	O
city	O
of	O
Rasht	O
(	O
Guilan	O
-	O
Iran	O
).	O

The	O
most	O
common	O
abnormal	O
finding	O
in	O
spirometry	O
was	O
small	B-DISO
airway	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
(	O
20	O
.	O
3	O
%).	O
The	O
follow	O
-	O
up	O
data	O
showed	O
that	O
178	O
patients	O
(	O
45	O
.	O
2	O
%)	O
had	O
significant	O
improvement	O
clinically	O
,	O
radiologically	O
or	O
both	O
.	O

AEP	B-PRGE
also	O
presents	O
with	O
severe	O
hypoxia	B-DISO
but	O
rapidly	O
improves	O
on	O
treatment	O
with	O
corticosteroids	B-CHED
alone	O
,	O
without	O
subsequent	O
fibrosis	B-DISO
.	O

Here	O
we	O
investigated	O
the	O
histopathology	O
of	O
AEP	O
in	O
2	O
surgical	O
lung	B-ANAT
biopsy	O
and	O
14	O
transbronchial	O
lung	B-ANAT
biopsy	O
cases	O
.	O

Here	O
,	O
we	O
develop	O
a	O
model	O
that	O
explains	O
the	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
epidemic	O
that	O
occurred	O
in	O
Hong	O
Kong	O
in	O
2003	O
.	O

The	O
frequency	O
of	O
CD8	B-PRGE
(+)	O
and	O
TCRγδ	O
(+)	O
T	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
expression	B-PROC
was	O
examined	O
by	O
immunohistochemistry	O
,	O
followed	O
by	O
image	O
analysis	O
.	O

This	O
article	O
describes	O
the	O
study	O
design	O
and	O
challenges	O
encountered	O
during	O
the	O
implementation	O
and	O
phase	O
1	O
component	O
of	O
the	O
START	O
(	O
STem	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
for	O
ARDS	B-DISO
Treatment	O
)	O
trial	O
,	O
a	O
phase	O
1	O
/	O
2	O
trial	O
of	O
bone	B-ANAT
marrow	I-ANAT
-	O
derived	O
human	B-SPEC
MSCs	B-FUNC
for	O
moderate	O
-	O
severe	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

This	O
report	O
describes	O
study	O
design	O
features	O
that	O
are	O
unique	O
to	O
a	O
phase	O
1	O
trial	O
in	O
critically	O
ill	O
subjects	O
and	O
the	O
specific	O
challenges	O
of	O
implementation	O
of	O
a	O
cell	B-COMP
-	O
based	O
therapy	O
trial	O
in	O
the	O
ICU	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Combination	O
siRNA	O
therapy	O
against	O
feline	B-SPEC
coronavirus	B-SPEC
can	O
delay	O
the	O
emergence	O
of	O
antiviral	B-CHED
resistance	B-PROC
in	O
vitro	O
.	O

Combined	O
,	O
these	O
data	O
inform	O
the	O
potential	O
therapeutic	O
application	O
of	O
antiviral	B-CHED
RNAi	B-PROC
against	O
FIPV	O
.	O

Adverse	B-DISO
effects	I-DISO
associated	O
with	O
pronation	B-PROC
were	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
pressure	B-DISO
ulcers	I-DISO
and	O
endotracheal	O
tube	O
obstruction	B-DISO
.	O

It	O
should	O
be	O
started	O
early	O
,	O
for	O
prolonged	O
periods	B-PROC
,	O
and	O
should	O
be	O
associated	O
to	O
a	O
protective	O
ventilation	O
strategy	O
.	O

Data	O
was	O
retrospectively	O
collected	O
from	O
three	O
patients	O
admitted	O
with	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
infection	B-DISO
to	O
Intensive	O
Care	O
unit	O
(	O
ICU	O
)	O
at	O
King	O
Abdulaziz	O
Medical	O
City	O
,	O
Riyadh	O
.	O

The	O
mast	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
seem	O
to	O
play	O
an	O
important	O
role	O
in	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
and	O
the	O
increase	O
of	O
vascular	B-PROC
permeability	I-PROC
in	O
mice	B-SPEC
following	O
the	O
subcutaneous	O
administration	O
of	O
Aah	O
scorpion	B-SPEC
venom	O
through	O
the	O
NK1	B-PRGE
receptor	I-PRGE
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Porcine	B-SPEC
epidemic	I-SPEC
diarrhea	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
PEDv	B-SPEC
)	O
infected	O
approximately	O
50	O
%	O
of	O
the	O
US	O
swine	B-SPEC
breeding	B-PROC
herds	O
from	O
July	O
2013	O
to	O
July	O
2014	O
as	O
estimated	O
by	O
the	O
Swine	B-SPEC
Health	O
Monitoring	O
Project	O
.	O

These	O
results	O
demonstrate	O
that	O
substrate	O
specificities	O
of	O
IBV	B-SPEC
PLpro	O
are	O
different	O
from	O
other	O
PLpros	O
and	O
that	O
IBV	B-SPEC
PLpro	O
might	O
target	O
different	O
ubiquitinated	O
host	B-COMP
factors	O
to	O
aid	O
the	O
propagation	O
of	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
.	O

The	O
high	O
virulence	B-PROC
and	O
mortality	O
rate	O
prompted	O
us	O
to	O
analyze	O
aspects	O
of	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
,	O
especially	O
its	O
interaction	O
with	O
innate	O
immune	O
cells	B-COMP
such	O
as	O
antigen	B-ANAT
-	I-ANAT
presenting	I-ANAT
cells	B-COMP
(	O
APCs	B-DISO
).	O

In	O
parallel	O
,	O
human	B-SPEC
pDCs	O
are	O
potent	O
IFN	O
-	O
producing	O
cells	B-COMP
upon	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
causes	O
a	O
severe	O
respiratory	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
with	O
high	O
fatality	O
rates	O
in	O
human	B-SPEC
patients	O
.	O

Human	B-SPEC
coronaviruses	O
are	O
important	O
zoonotic	O
pathogens	O
.	O

Here	O
,	O
we	O
show	O
that	O
small	O
deletions	O
and	O
modifications	O
within	O
the	O
E	O
protein	B-CHED
led	O
to	O
virus	B-SPEC
attenuation	O
,	O
manifested	O
by	O
minimal	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
,	O
limited	O
neutrophil	B-ANAT
influx	O
to	O
the	O
lungs	B-ANAT
,	O
reduced	O
expression	B-PROC
of	O
proinflammatory	O
cytokines	O
,	O
increased	O
anti	O
-	O
inflammatory	O
cytokine	O
levels	O
,	O
and	O
enhanced	O
CD4	B-PRGE
(+)	O
and	O
CD8	B-PRGE
(+)	O
T	B-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
counts	O
in	O
vivo	O
,	O
suggesting	O
that	O
these	O
phenomena	O
contribute	O
to	O
virus	B-SPEC
attenuation	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Fused	O
-	O
ring	O
structure	O
of	O
decahydroisoquinolin	O
as	O
a	O
novel	O
scaffold	O
for	O
SARS	B-PRGE
3CL	I-PRGE
protease	B-CHED
inhibitors	I-CHED
.	O

Starting	O
from	O
a	O
cyclohexene	B-CHED
enantiomer	O
obtained	O
by	O
salt	B-CHED
resolution	O
,	O
trans	O
-	O
decahydroisoquinolin	O
derivatives	O
were	O
synthesized	O
.	O

Patients	O
were	O
assigned	O
to	O
group	O
1	O
if	O
they	O
died	B-PROC
(	O
n	O
=	O
9	O
)	O
and	O
to	O
group	O
2	O
if	O
they	O
made	O
a	O
full	O
recovery	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
6	O
).	O

All	O
nine	O
group	O
1	O
patients	O
and	O
three	O
of	O
six	O
group	O
2	O
patients	O
had	O
pleural	B-DISO
effusion	I-DISO
(	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
52	O
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Exchange	O
transfusion	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
Down	B-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
and	O
severe	O
transient	O
leukemia	B-DISO
.	O

An	O
observational	O
retrospective	O
study	O
was	O
carried	O
out	O
at	O
a	O
single	O
center	O
of	O
all	O
five	O
DS	O
neonates	O
with	O
TL	O
,	O
GATA1	B-PRGE
mutations	O
,	O
and	O
hyperleukocytosis	O
,	O
born	O
at	O
a	O
median	O
gestational	O
age	O
of	O
34	O
weeks	O
(	O
range	O
,	O
30	O
-	O
38	O
weeks	O
)	O
with	O
birthweight	O
2556	O
g	O
(	O
range	O
,	O
1756	O
-	O
3268	O
g	O
)	O
during	O
a	O
24	O
month	O
study	O
period	O
between	O
September	O
2011	O
and	O
August	O
2013	O
.	O

Two	O
of	O
the	O
three	O
surviving	O
neonates	O
developed	O
acute	B-DISO
megakaryocytic	I-DISO
leukemia	I-DISO
at	O
age	O
90	O
days	O
and	O
222	O
days	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
All	O
patients	O
required	O
respiratory	O
support	O
before	O
ExT	B-DISO
.	O
After	O
ExT	B-DISO
,	O
respiration	B-PROC
status	O
improved	O
in	O
all	O
five	O
patients	O
:	O
WBC	B-ANAT
count	O
(	O
mean	O
)	O
decreased	O
by	O
85	O
%	O
from	O
143	O
×	O
10	O
(	O
9	O
)	O
/	O
L	O
to	O
21	O
×	O
10	O
(	O
9	O
)	O
/	O
L	O
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
ExT	B-DISO
was	O
very	O
effective	O
in	O
improving	O
hyperleukocytosis	O
and	O
may	O
have	O
had	O
favorable	O
effects	O
on	O
respiration	B-PROC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Many	O
of	O
the	O
viral	O
pathogens	O
that	O
cause	O
infectious	O
diseases	O
in	O
humans	B-SPEC
have	O
a	O
highly	O
restricted	O
species	B-SPEC
tropism	B-PROC
,	O
making	O
the	O
study	O
of	O
their	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
and	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
clinical	O
therapies	O
difficult	O
.	O

The	O
improvement	O
of	O
humanized	O
mouse	B-SPEC
models	O
over	O
the	O
past	O
30	O
years	O
has	O
greatly	O
facilitated	O
researchers	O
'	O
abilities	O
to	O
study	O
host	B-COMP
responses	O
to	O
viral	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
in	O
a	O
cost	O
effective	O
and	O
ethical	O
manner	O
.	O

To	O
identify	O
the	O
main	O
respiratory	O
pathogens	O
isolated	O
from	O
calves	O
in	O
Québec	O
dairy	O
herds	O
with	O
a	O
high	O
incidence	O
of	O
BRD	O
,	O
and	O
to	O
determine	O
if	O
there	O
is	O
an	O
association	O
between	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
these	O
pathogens	O
and	O
clinical	O
signs	O
of	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
,	O
lung	B-DISO
consolidation	I-DISO
,	O
or	O
average	O
daily	O
gain	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Application	O
of	O
""""	O
hydrogen	B-CHED
bonding	O
interaction	O
""""	O
in	O
new	O
drug	O
development	B-PROC
:	O
design	O
,	O
synthesis	B-PROC
,	O
antiviral	B-CHED
activity	O
,	O
and	O
SARs	B-DISO
of	O
thiourea	B-CHED
derivatives	O
.	O

Most	O
of	O
them	O
exhibited	O
significantly	O
higher	O
anti	O
-	O
TMV	B-SPEC
activity	O
than	O
commercial	O
plant	B-SPEC
virucides	O
ribavirin	B-CHED
,	O
harmine	B-CHED
,	O
and	O
lead	O
compound	O
.	O

The	O
hydrogen	B-CHED
bond	O
was	O
found	O
to	O
be	O
important	O
but	O
not	O
the	O
more	O
the	O
better	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
We	O
present	O
here	O
a	O
rapid	O
immunochromatographic	O
assay	O
for	O
the	O
detection	O
of	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
antigen	B-CHED
in	O
the	O
nasal	B-ANAT
swabs	O
of	O
dromedary	B-SPEC
camels	B-SPEC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Pulmonary	B-ANAT
embolism	I-DISO
after	O
arterial	B-ANAT
chemoembolization	O
for	O
hepatocellular	B-DISO
carcinoma	I-DISO
:	O
an	O
autopsy	O
case	O
report	O
.	O

A	O
subsequent	O
autopsy	O
revealed	O
that	O
the	O
cause	O
of	O
death	B-PROC
was	O
ARDS	B-DISO
due	O
to	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
lipiodol	O
embolism	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Prone	O
position	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
in	O
the	O
Acute	B-DISO
Respiratory	I-DISO
Distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
:	O
theoretical	O
and	O
practical	O
considerations	O
].	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Currently	O
the	O
only	O
captive	O
population	O
of	O
beira	O
antelope	B-SPEC
(	O
Dorcatragus	B-SPEC
megalotis	O
)	O
is	O
held	O
at	O
the	O
Al	O
Wabra	O
Wildlife	O
Preservation	O
,	O
Qatar	O
.	O

Reactive	O
systemic	O
inflammatory	O
(	O
AA	O
)	O
amyloidosis	B-DISO
was	O
noted	O
as	O
a	O
chronic	O
manifestation	O
of	O
the	O
disease	O
.	O

CAdV	O
-	O
1	O
was	O
confirmed	O
by	O
virus	B-SPEC
isolation	O
and	O
nucleotide	B-CHED
sequencing	O
.	O

User	O
-	O
friendly	O
,	O
sensitive	O
,	O
rapid	O
diagnostic	O
tests	O
that	O
utilize	O
low	O
-	O
cost	O
field	O
-	O
deployable	O
instruments	O
for	O
CSF	B-ANAT
diagnosis	O
can	O
be	O
useful	O
for	O
disease	O
surveillance	O
and	O
outbreak	O
monitoring	O
.	O

In	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
we	O
describe	O
validation	O
of	O
a	O
new	O
probe	O
-	O
based	O
insulated	O
isothermal	O
reverse	B-PRGE
transcriptase	I-PRGE
PCR	O
(	O
iiRT	O
-	O
PCR	O
)	O
assay	O
for	O
rapid	O
detection	O
of	O
classical	B-SPEC
swine	I-SPEC
fever	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
CSFV	O
)	O
on	O
a	O
compact	O
,	O
user	O
-	O
friendly	O
device	O
(	O
POCKIT	O
(™)	O
Nucleic	B-CHED
Acid	I-CHED
Analyzer	O
)	O
that	O
does	O
not	O
need	O
data	O
interpretation	O
by	O
the	O
user	O
.	O

The	O
assay	O
has	O
a	O
sample	O
to	O
answer	O
turnaround	O
time	O
of	O
less	O
than	O
an	O
hour	O
using	O
extracted	O
RNA	O
or	O
diluted	O
or	O
low	O
volume	O
of	O
neat	O
serum	B-COMP
.	O

To	O
determine	O
the	O
effectiveness	O
and	O
safety	O
of	O
transfusing	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
trauma	O
and	O
major	O
bleeding	B-DISO
using	O
plasma	B-ANAT
,	O
platelets	B-ANAT
,	O
and	O
red	B-ANAT
blood	I-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
in	O
a	O
1	O
:	O
1	O
:	O
1	O
ratio	O
compared	O
with	O
a	O
1	O
:	O
1	O
:	O
2	O
ratio	O
.	O

Even	O
though	O
there	O
was	O
an	O
increased	O
use	O
of	O
plasma	B-ANAT
and	O
platelets	B-ANAT
transfused	O
in	O
the	O
1	O
:	O
1	O
:	O
1	O
group	O
,	O
no	O
other	O
safety	O
differences	O
were	O
identified	O
between	O
the	O
2	O
groups	O
.	O

The	O
other	O
horse	B-SPEC
(	O
case	O
No	O
.	O
2	O
)	O
had	O
hyperammonemic	O
encephalopathy	B-DISO
with	O
Alzheimer	O
type	O
II	O
astrocytosis	B-DISO
throughout	O
the	O
cerebral	B-ANAT
cortex	I-ANAT
.	O

ECoV	O
was	O
detected	O
by	O
quantitative	O
polymerase	O
chain	O
reaction	O
in	O
small	O
intestinal	O
tissue	B-ANAT
,	O
contents	O
,	O
and	O
/	O
or	O
feces	B-ANAT
,	O
and	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
antigen	B-CHED
was	O
detected	O
by	O
immunohistochemistry	O
in	O
the	O
small	B-ANAT
intestine	I-ANAT
in	O
all	O
cases	O
.	O

MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
partial	O
sequences	O
obtained	O
from	O
UAE	O
camels	B-SPEC
were	O
clustering	O
with	O
human	B-SPEC
-	O
and	O
camel	B-SPEC
-	O
derived	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
sequences	O
in	O
the	O
same	O
geographic	O
area	O
.	O

Calf	B-ANAT
-	O
and	O
farm	O
-	O
level	O
data	O
were	O
collected	O
by	O
means	O
of	O
a	O
questionnaire	O
and	O
the	O
odds	O
of	O
liquid	O
faeces	B-ANAT
calculated	O
using	O
mixed	O
effects	O
logistic	O
regression	O
models	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
In	O
addition	O
to	O
transporting	O
ions	O
,	O
the	O
multisubunit	O
Na	O
(+),	O
K	O
(+)-	O
ATPase	B-PRGE
also	O
functions	O
by	O
relaying	O
cardiotonic	O
steroid	B-CHED
(	O
CTS	B-DISO
)-	O
binding	B-FUNC
-	O
induced	O
signals	O
into	O
cells	B-COMP
.	O

In	O
agreement	O
with	O
an	O
early	O
block	O
in	O
infection	B-DISO
,	O
the	O
inhibition	B-PROC
of	O
VSV	O
by	O
CTSs	O
could	O
be	O
bypassed	O
by	O
low	O
-	O
pH	O
shock	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Qualitative	O
and	O
quantitative	O
analysis	O
of	O
the	O
major	O
constituents	O
in	O
Chinese	O
medical	O
preparation	O
Lianhua	O
-	O
Qingwen	O
capsule	B-COMP
by	O
UPLC	O
-	O
DAD	O
-	O
QTOF	O
-	O
MS	O
.	O

Most	O
strikingly	O
,	O
the	O
high	O
U	O
and	O
low	O
C	O
proportions	O
are	O
quite	O
variable	O
and	O
act	O
like	O
communicating	O
vessels	B-ANAT
,	O
C	O
goes	B-SPEC
down	O
when	O
U	O
goes	B-SPEC
up	O
and	O
vice	O
versa	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Development	B-PROC
of	O
an	O
antigen	B-CHED
capture	O
enzyme	O
-	O
linked	O
immunosorbent	O
assay	O
for	O
virus	B-SPEC
detection	O
based	O
on	O
porcine	O
epidemic	O
diarrhea	O
virus	O
monoclonal	O
antibodies	B-COMP
.	O

In	O
addition	O
,	O
ventilator	O
parameters	O
(	O
arterial	B-ANAT
oxygen	B-PROC
tension	B-DISO
(	O
PaO2	O
):	O
inspiratory	B-PROC
oxygen	B-CHED
fraction	O
(	O
FiO2	O
)	O
ratio	O
,	O
arterial	B-ANAT
carbon	B-PROC
dioxide	I-PROC
tension	B-DISO
(	O
PaCO2	O
),	O
tidal	O
volume	O
and	O
positive	O
end	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
expiratory	I-PROC
pressure	O
(	O
PEEP	B-CHED
))	O
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
patients	O
and	O
ventilated	O
controls	O
were	O
also	O
recorded	O
.	O

Possible	O
correlation	O
between	O
plasma	B-ANAT
sRAGE	O
levels	O
and	O
clinical	O
parameters	O
were	O
explored	O
using	O
a	O
simple	O
linear	O
model	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Phylodynamic	O
analysis	O
of	O
avian	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
bronchitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
in	O
South	O
America	O
.	O

In	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
we	O
report	O
the	O
complete	O
coding	O
genome	O
sequences	O
of	O
six	O
FCoVs	O
:	O
three	O
from	O
faecal	B-ANAT
samples	O
from	O
healthy	O
cats	B-SPEC
and	O
three	O
from	O
tissue	B-ANAT
lesion	O
samples	O
from	O
cats	B-SPEC
with	O
confirmed	O
FIP	B-DISO
.	O

To	O
delineate	O
the	O
roles	O
of	O
Trp	B-ENZY
residues	O
of	O
MPER	O
in	O
forming	O
these	O
quaternary	O
structures	O
and	O
interacting	O
with	O
membranes	B-ANAT
,	O
we	O
employed	O
a	O
panel	O
of	O
synthetic	O
peptides	O
:	O
MPER	O
peptide	B-CHED
(	O
M	O
-	O
wt	O
)	O
and	O
its	O
alanine	B-CHED
(	O
Ala	B-CHED
)	O
and	O
phenylalanine	B-CHED
(	O
Phe	B-CHED
)	O
analogues	O
.	O

Ala	B-CHED
substitutions	O
of	O
Trp	B-ENZY
inhibited	O
its	O
association	O
with	O
cellular	B-COMP
membranes	B-ANAT
.	O

Triple	O
-	O
Ala	B-CHED
substitutions	O
of	O
Trp	B-ENZY
in	O
M	O
-	O
wt	O
,	O
but	O
not	O
the	O
corresponding	O
triple	O
-	O
Phe	B-CHED
analogue	O
,	O
disrupted	O
oligomerization	O
of	O
M	O
-	O
wt	O
and	O
hetero	O
-	O
oligomerization	O
of	O
M	O
-	O
wt	O
with	O
IFP23	O
.	O

We	O
developed	O
ALI	O
/	O
ARDS	B-DISO
models	O
in	O
piglets	O
by	O
intraperitoneal	O
injection	O
of	O
paraquat	B-CHED
(	O
PQ	O
).	O

The	O
piglets	O
were	O
randomly	O
divided	O
into	O
three	O
groups	O
:	O
small	O
VT	O
group	O
(	O
VT	O
=	O
6	O
ml	O
/	O
kg	O
,	O
n	O
=	O
6	O
),	O
middle	O
VT	O
group	O
(	O
VT	O
=	O
10	O
ml	O
/	O
kg	O
,	O
n	O
=	O
6	O
),	O
and	O
large	O
VT	O
group	O
(	O
VT	O
=	O
15	O
ml	O
/	O
kg	O
,	O
n	O
=	O
6	O
),	O
with	O
the	O
positive	O
end	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
expiratory	I-PROC
pressure	O
(	O
PEEP	B-CHED
)	O
set	O
as	O
10	O
cmH2O	O
.	O

The	O
hemodynamics	B-PROC
were	O
monitored	O
by	O
pulse	B-PROC
-	O
indicated	O
continuous	O
cardiac	B-ANAT
output	O
(	O
PiCCO	O
)	O
and	O
the	O
airway	B-ANAT
pressure	O
changes	O
and	O
blood	B-PROC
gas	B-ENZY
analysis	O
indexes	O
were	O
recorded	O
at	O
different	O
time	O
points	O
.	O

PH	O
,	O
PaO2	O
and	O
oxygenation	B-PROC
indexes	O
in	O
the	O
three	O
groups	O
all	O
decreased	O
after	O
modeling	O
success	O
compared	O
with	O
baseline	O
,	O
and	O
PaCO2	O
increased	O
significantly	O
.	O

Small	O
tidal	O
volume	O
ventilation	O
combined	O
with	O
PEEP	B-CHED
could	O
alleviate	O
the	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
induced	O
by	O
paraquat	B-CHED
and	O
improve	O
oxygenation	B-PROC
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
In	O
this	O
intention	O
-	O
to	O
-	O
treat	O
population	O
,	O
no	O
significant	O
differences	O
between	O
the	O
control	O
and	O
study	O
groups	O
were	O
found	O
for	O
the	O
PF	O
ratio	O
at	O
day	O
4	O
(	O
213	O
.	O
7	O
±	O
85	O
.	O
6	O
vs	O
.	O
227	O
.	O
2	O
±	O
67	O
.	O
7	O
,	O
respectively	O
;	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
24	O
)	O
and	O
day	O
8	O
(	O
187	O
.	O
8	O
±	O
65	O
.	O
2	O
vs	O
.	O
188	O
.	O
9	O
±	O
56	O
.	O
0	O
,	O
respectively	O
;	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
82	O
),	O
the	O
incidence	O
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
/	O
ALI	O
(	O
24	O
.	O
1	O
vs	O
.	O
29	O
.	O
0	O
%,	O
respectively	O
;	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
68	O
),	O
length	O
of	O
ventilation	O
time	O
(	O
13	O
.	O
6	O
±	O
10	O
.	O
7	O
vs	O
.	O
17	O
.	O
0	O
±	O
15	O
.	O
1	O
days	O
,	O
respectively	O
;	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
15	O
),	O
duration	O
of	O
ICU	O
stay	O
(	O
16	O
.	O
4	O
±	O
11	O
.	O
3	O
vs	O
.	O
19	O
.	O
5	O
±	O
15	O
.	O
3	O
days	O
,	O
respectively	O
;	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
21	O
)	O
and	O
28	O
-	O
day	O
mortality	O
(	O
8	O
.	O
6	O
vs	O
.	O
12	O
.	O
9	O
%,	O
respectively	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
56	O
).	O

New	O
studies	O
have	O
suggested	O
strategies	O
to	O
identify	O
patients	O
at	O
risk	O
for	O
resistant	O
pathogen	O
infection	O
and	O
therapies	O
that	O
optimize	O
efficacy	O
,	O
without	O
the	O
overuse	O
of	O
broad	O
-	O
spectrum	O
therapy	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
healthcare	O
-	O
associated	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
.	O

Eleven	O
of	O
the	O
15	O
field	O
isolates	O
in	O
this	O
study	O
belonged	O
to	O
genogroup	O
3	O
and	O
were	O
95	O
.	O
8	O
%	O
to	O
100	O
%	O
identical	O
in	O
nucleotide	B-CHED
sequence	O
or	O
95	O
.	O
6	O
%	O
to	O
100	O
%	O
in	O
deduced	O
amino	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
sequence	O
to	O
each	O
other	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Gut	B-PRGE
health	O
is	O
very	O
important	O
to	O
get	O
maximum	O
returns	O
in	O
terms	O
of	O
weight	O
gain	O
and	O
egg	O
production	O
.	O

Previously	O
,	O
electron	O
microscopy	O
was	O
used	O
to	O
detect	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
enteric	O
viruses	B-SPEC
,	O
which	O
were	O
identified	O
solely	O
on	O
the	O
basis	O
of	O
their	O
morphology	O
.	O

RIG	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
I	I-PRGE
and	I-PRGE
STAT	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
were	O
both	O
highly	O
expressed	B-PROC
in	O
bat	B-ENZY
spleen	B-ANAT
.	O

ECoV	O
was	O
detected	O
in	O
59	O
samples	O
using	O
the	O
RT	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
LAMP	I-PRGE
assay	O
,	O
and	O
in	O
30	O
and	O
65	O
samples	O
using	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
or	O
qRT	O
-	O
PCR	O
assays	O
,	O
respectively	O
.	O

52	O
%	O
of	O
cases	O
were	O
identified	O
as	O
primary	O
,	O
with	O
the	O
rest	B-FUNC
being	O
secondary	O
.	O

Overall	O
case	O
-	O
fatality	O
was	O
40	O
%;	O
depending	O
on	O
the	O
timing	O
of	O
171	O
deaths	B-PROC
unlinked	O
to	O
case	O
data	O
,	O
outbreak	O
CFR	O
could	O
be	O
higher	O
,	O
lower	O
,	O
or	O
equivalent	O
to	O
pre	O
-	O
outbreak	O
CFR	O
.	O

The	O
results	O
indicate	O
the	O
division	O
of	O
isolates	O
into	O
two	O
different	O
genotypes	O
of	O
IBV	B-SPEC
within	O
the	O
province	O
,	O
Massachusetts	O
(	O
Mass	O
)-	O
like	O
and	O
QX	O
-	O
like	O
.	O

Zoonotic	O
infections	B-DISO
,	O
such	O
as	O
influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
,	O
and	O
novel	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
infections	O
also	O
are	O
of	O
increasing	O
concern	O
because	O
of	O
population	O
mobility	O
.	O

Administration	O
of	O
methylene	B-CHED
blue	I-CHED
allowed	O
for	O
cessation	O
of	O
epinephrine	B-CHED
infusion	O
within	O
2	O
hours	O
of	O
administration	O
,	O
and	O
reduction	O
in	O
excessive	O
fluid	O
resuscitation	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
presence	O
of	O
antibodies	B-COMP
to	O
feline	B-SPEC
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
FCoV	O
)	O
and	O
feline	B-SPEC
immunodeficiency	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
FIV	B-SPEC
),	O
together	O
with	O
feline	B-SPEC
leukemia	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
FeLV	O
)	O
antigen	B-CHED
was	O
investigated	O
in	O
169	O
ill	B-DISO
household	O
and	O
stray	O
cats	B-SPEC
attending	O
a	O
veterinary	O
surgery	O
in	O
Istanbul	O
in	O
2009	O
-	O
14	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
High	O
prevalence	O
of	O
common	O
respiratory	O
viruses	B-SPEC
and	O
no	O
evidence	O
of	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
in	O
Hajj	O
pilgrims	O
returning	O
to	O
Ghana	O
,	O
2013	O
.	O

The	O
prevalence	O
of	O
viral	O
respiratory	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
among	O
Hajj	O
pilgrims	O
in	O
both	O
symptomatic	O
and	O
asymptomatic	O
subjects	O
was	O
high	O
.	O

,	O
it	O
should	O
be	O
that	O
the	O
2005	O
International	O
Health	O
Regulations	O
(	O
IHR	O
)	O
Treaty	O
,	O
which	O
gave	O
unprecedented	O
authority	O
to	O
the	O
World	O
Health	O
Organization	O
(	O
WHO	O
)	O
to	O
provide	O
global	O
public	O
health	O
security	O
during	O
public	O
health	O
emergencies	B-DISO
of	O
international	O
concern	O
,	O
has	O
fallen	O
severely	O
short	O
of	O
its	O
original	O
goal	O
.	O

They	O
have	O
been	O
conducted	O
through	O
the	O
process	O
known	O
as	O
SELEX	O
(	O
Systematic	O
Evolution	B-PROC
of	O
Ligands	O
by	O
Exponential	O
Enrichment	O
).	O

This	O
review	O
presents	O
current	O
developments	O
of	O
using	O
aptamers	O
in	O
the	O
diagnostics	O
and	O
treatment	O
of	O
viral	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Genomic	O
and	O
epidemiological	O
characteristics	O
provide	O
new	O
insights	O
into	O
the	O
phylogeographical	O
and	O
spatiotemporal	O
spread	O
of	O
porcine	B-SPEC
epidemic	I-SPEC
diarrhea	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
in	O
Asia	O
.	O

In	O
the	O
present	O
study	O
,	O
11	O
complete	O
genomes	O
of	O
porcine	B-SPEC
epidemic	I-SPEC
diarrhea	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
)	O
field	O
isolates	O
from	O
China	O
were	O
determined	O
and	O
analyzed	O
.	O

Many	O
subgroups	O
have	O
formed	O
,	O
with	O
a	O
wide	O
array	O
of	O
mutations	O
in	O
different	O
countries	O
,	O
leading	O
to	O
the	O
outbreak	O
of	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
in	O
Asia	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Feline	O
infectious	O
peritonitis	O
and	O
virulent	O
,	O
systemic	O
calicivirus	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
are	O
caused	O
by	O
certain	O
types	O
of	O
feline	B-SPEC
coronaviruses	O
(	O
FCoVs	O
)	O
and	O
feline	B-SPEC
caliciviruses	O
(	O
FCVs	O
),	O
respectively	O
,	O
and	O
are	O
important	O
infectious	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
with	O
high	O
fatality	O
rates	O
in	O
members	O
of	O
the	O
Felidae	B-SPEC
family	B-SPEC
.	O

In	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
derivatives	O
of	O
peptidyl	O
compounds	O
targeting	O
3CLpro	O
were	O
synthesized	O
and	O
evaluated	O
for	O
their	O
activities	O
against	O
FCoV	O
and	O
FCV	B-CHED
.	O

In	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
we	O
explored	O
the	O
structure	O
-	O
activity	O
relationships	O
of	O
the	O
derivatives	O
of	O
3CLpro	O
inhibitors	B-CHED
and	O
identified	O
inhibitors	B-CHED
with	O
potent	O
dual	O
activities	O
against	O
these	O
viruses	B-SPEC
.	O

Overall	O
,	O
our	O
study	O
provides	O
the	O
first	O
insight	O
into	O
a	O
structural	O
platform	O
for	O
anti	O
-	O
FIPV	O
and	O
anti	O
-	O
FCV	B-CHED
drug	O
development	B-PROC
.	O

We	O
asked	O
if	O
changes	O
in	O
the	O
Ubl	B-PRGE
domain	I-PRGE
,	O
a	O
conserved	O
domain	O
adjacent	O
to	O
the	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
papain	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
like	I-PRGE
protease	I-PRGE
,	O
altered	O
the	O
viral	B-PRGE
protease	I-PRGE
activity	O
or	O
affected	O
viral	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
or	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
.	O

Six	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
ARDS	B-DISO
and	O
hypercapnia	B-DISO
were	O
studied	O
.	O

One	O
hour	O
after	O
adjustment	O
of	O
PEEP	B-CHED
and	O
inspiratory	B-PROC
driving	O
pressure	O
guided	O
by	O
transpulmonary	O
pressure	O
,	O
PaCO2	O
decreased	O
to	O
64	O
.	O
5	O
±	O
16	O
.	O
89	O
mmHg	O
(	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
01	O
).	O

Adjustment	O
of	O
PEEP	B-CHED
and	O
inspiratory	B-PROC
driving	O
pressures	O
did	O
not	O
worsen	O
oxygenation	B-PROC
and	O
did	O
not	O
affect	O
cardiac	B-ANAT
output	O
significantly	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Six	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
ARDS	B-DISO
and	O
hypercapnia	B-DISO
were	O
studied	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Comparison	O
of	O
porcine	B-SPEC
epidemic	B-DISO
diarrhea	I-DISO
viruses	B-SPEC
from	O
Germany	O
and	O
the	O
United	O
States	O
,	O
2014	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Clinical	O
variants	O
of	O
severe	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
.	O

Analysis	O
from	O
several	O
large	O
trials	O
in	O
severe	B-DISO
sepsis	I-DISO
and	O
/	O
or	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
have	O
shown	O
independent	O
links	O
between	O
volumes	O
of	O
fluid	O
administered	O
and	O
outcome	O
;	O
conservative	O
fluid	O
strategies	O
have	O
also	O
been	O
associated	O
with	O
lower	O
mortality	O
in	O
trauma	O
patients	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
The	O
nucleocapsid	B-COMP
protein	B-CHED
of	O
human	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
NL63	I-SPEC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Every	O
year	O
,	O
more	O
than	O
10	O
million	O
pilgrims	O
arrive	O
in	O
the	O
Kingdom	B-SPEC
of	O
Saudi	O
Arabia	O
for	O
the	O
Hajj	O
or	O
Umrah	O
.	O

Our	O
results	O
strongly	O
suggest	O
that	O
,	O
given	O
the	O
particularly	O
crowded	O
conditions	O
during	O
the	O
rituals	B-DISO
,	O
an	O
international	O
mass	O
gathering	O
such	O
as	O
the	O
Hajj	O
may	O
contribute	O
to	O
the	O
globalization	O
of	O
respiratory	O
pathogens	O
after	O
the	O
cross	O
-	O
contamination	O
of	O
pilgrims	O
harbouring	O
pathogens	O
that	O
easily	O
spread	O
among	O
participants	O
.	O

Influenza	B-DISO
and	O
pneumococcal	O
vaccination	O
,	O
face	B-DISO
mask	O
use	O
and	O
hand	O
hygiene	O
should	O
be	O
considered	O
in	O
the	O
context	O
of	O
the	O
Hajj	O
.	O

We	O
examined	O
the	O
effect	O
of	O
HMA	O
and	O
other	O
viroporin	O
inhibitors	B-CHED
(	O
DIDS	B-CHED
[	O
4	O
,	O
4	O
'-	O
disothiocyano	O
-	O
2	O
,	O
2	O
'-	O
stilbenedisulphonic	O
acid	O
]	O
and	O
amantadine	B-CHED
)	O
on	O
infection	B-DISO
by	O
FIPV	O
serotypes	O
I	O
and	O
II	O
.	O

We	O
investigated	O
whether	O
there	O
is	O
a	O
difference	O
in	O
ion	B-FUNC
channel	I-FUNC
activity	I-FUNC
of	O
the	O
E	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
between	O
viral	O
serotypes	O
using	O
E	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
coli	I-SPEC
cells	B-COMP
expressing	O
the	O
E	O
protein	B-CHED
of	O
FIPV	O
serotypes	O
I	O
and	O
II	O
.	O

This	O
study	O
attempted	O
to	O
identify	O
viruses	B-SPEC
from	O
the	O
upper	B-ANAT
respiratory	I-ANAT
tract	I-ANAT
in	O
adults	O
visiting	O
emergency	B-DISO
departments	O
for	O
clinically	O
suspected	O
CAP	B-DISO
.	O

Adults	O
with	O
suspected	O
CAP	B-DISO
enrolled	O
in	O
the	O
ESCAPED	O
study	O
(	O
impact	O
of	O
computed	O
tomography	O
on	O
CAP	B-DISO
diagnosis	O
)	O
had	O
prospective	O
nasopharyngeal	B-ANAT
(	O
NP	O
)	O
samples	O
studied	O
by	O
multiplex	O
PCR	O
(	O
targeting	B-PROC
15	O
viruses	B-SPEC
and	O
four	O
intracellular	B-COMP
bacteria	B-SPEC
).	O

Viruses	B-SPEC
seem	O
common	O
in	O
adults	O
attending	O
emergency	B-DISO
departments	O
with	O
suspected	O
CAP	B-DISO
.	O

Arbekacin	B-CHED
,	O
a	O
relatively	O
new	O
aminoglycoside	B-CHED
,	O
is	O
effective	O
against	O
Pseudomonas	B-PRGE
spp	B-ENZY
.	O

Spontaneous	O
circulation	B-PROC
had	O
earlier	O
resumed	O
after	O
brief	O
application	O
of	O
cardiopulmonary	B-ANAT
resuscitation	O
.	O

GEDI	O
should	O
be	O
used	O
as	O
a	O
cardiac	B-ANAT
preload	O
parameter	O
with	O
awareness	O
of	O
its	O
limitations	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Here	O
,	O
we	O
measured	O
presepsins	O
(	O
PSPs	O
)	O
in	O
four	O
patients	O
with	O
acute	O
kidney	O
injury	O
(	O
AKI	O
)	O
or	O
chronic	B-DISO
kidney	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
(	O
CKD	O
)	O
and	O
discuss	O
the	O
relationship	O
between	O
PSP	B-DISO
and	O
kidney	B-DISO
dysfunction	I-DISO
.	O

Case	O
4	O
:	O
a	O
62	O
-	O
year	O
-	O
old	O
man	B-CHED
with	O
CKD	O
was	O
admitted	O
to	O
the	O
ICU	O
to	O
control	O
gastrointestinal	B-DISO
bleeding	I-DISO
.	O

Patients	O
'	O
clinical	O
prognoses	O
were	O
good	O
,	O
with	O
low	O
or	O
moderate	O
SIRS	B-DISO
and	O
APACHE	O
II	O
scores	O
.	O

Therefore	O
,	O
evaluation	O
of	O
PSP	B-DISO
in	O
kidney	B-DISO
dysfunction	I-DISO
patients	O
will	O
be	O
difficult	O
.	O

Further	O
investigation	O
is	O
needed	O
to	O
clarify	O
the	O
relationship	O
between	O
PSP	B-DISO
and	O
kidney	B-DISO
dysfunction	I-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
ability	O
to	O
identify	O
the	O
functional	O
correlates	O
of	O
structural	O
and	O
sequence	O
variation	O
in	O
proteins	B-CHED
is	O
a	O
critical	O
capability	O
.	O

By	O
superposing	O
these	O
spatially	O
conserved	O
atoms	B-CHED
,	O
we	O
aligned	O
the	O
structures	O
and	O
associated	O
molecules	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Analysis	O
of	O
cathepsin	B-PRGE
and	O
furin	B-PRGE
proteolytic	B-PROC
enzymes	O
involved	O
in	O
viral	B-PRGE
fusion	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
activation	O
in	O
cells	O
of	O
the	O
bat	B-ENZY
reservoir	O
host	B-COMP
.	O

These	O
viruses	B-SPEC
require	O
proteolytic	B-PROC
activation	O
of	O
surface	B-PRGE
envelope	I-PRGE
glycoproteins	B-CHED
needed	O
for	O
entry	O
,	O
and	O
cellular	B-COMP
cathepsins	O
have	O
been	O
shown	O
to	O
be	O
involved	O
in	O
proteolysis	B-PROC
of	O
glycoproteins	B-CHED
from	O
these	O
distinct	O
virus	B-SPEC
families	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
kinetic	O
analysis	O
suggests	O
that	O
differences	O
may	O
exist	O
in	O
the	O
cellular	B-PROC
localization	I-PROC
of	O
furin	B-PRGE
between	O
different	O
species	B-SPEC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Diagnostic	O
performance	O
of	O
a	O
rapid	O
in	O
-	O
clinic	O
test	O
for	O
the	O
detection	O
of	O
Canine	O
Parvovirus	B-DISO
under	O
different	O
storage	O
conditions	O
and	O
vaccination	O
status	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Canine	O
parvovirus	B-DISO
(	O
CPV	B-SPEC
)	O
is	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
most	O
common	O
causes	O
of	O
acute	O
haemorrhagic	B-DISO
enteritis	I-DISO
in	O
young	O
dogs	B-SPEC
,	O
while	O
clinical	O
diagnosis	O
is	O
often	O
indecisive	O
.	O

A	O
total	O
of	O
78	O
duplicated	O
faecal	B-ANAT
samples	O
were	O
collected	O
from	O
diarrhoeic	O
dogs	B-SPEC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
investigate	O
the	O
association	O
of	O
bovine	O
respiratory	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
(	O
BRD	O
)	O
or	O
vaccination	O
with	O
serologic	O
response	O
in	O
calves	O
.	O

Antibody	B-COMP
rates	O
of	O
decay	B-DISO
were	O
calculated	O
.	O

The	O
use	O
of	O
these	O
devices	O
has	O
been	O
well	O
established	O
in	O
paediatric	O
and	O
post	O
-	O
heart	B-ANAT
and	I-ANAT
lung	I-ANAT
transplantation	O
patients	O
;	O
however	O
,	O
its	O
use	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
has	O
gained	O
acceptance	O
as	O
standard	O
clinical	O
practice	O
over	O
the	O
past	O
decade	O
.	O

Of	O
255	O
patients	O
with	O
laboratory	O
-	O
confirmed	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
infection	B-DISO
,	O
93	O
died	B-PROC
(	O
case	O
fatality	O
rate	O
,	O
36	O
.	O
5	O
%).	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Middle	O
East	O
Respiratory	O
Syndrome	O
Coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
CoV	O
)	O
infection	B-DISO
has	O
recently	O
emerged	O
as	O
a	O
cause	O
of	O
severe	O
potentially	O
fatal	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
.	O

Based	O
on	O
the	O
incidence	O
in	O
Saudi	O
Arabia	O
since	O
June	O
2012	O
,	O
the	O
most	O
likely	O
scenario	O
given	O
recent	O
pilgrim	O
numbers	O
is	O
estimated	O
to	O
be	O
one	O
case	O
per	O
Hajj	O
,	O
and	O
three	O
Umrah	O
pilgrims	O
per	O
year	O
,	O
but	O
which	O
could	O
plausibly	O
reach	B-PROC
seven	O
and	O
ten	O
pilgrims	O
respectively	O
.	O

The	O
specific	O
detection	O
of	O
anti	O
-	O
FCoV	O
antibodies	B-COMP
was	O
possible	O
in	O
all	O
heparin	B-CHED
-	O
anticoagulated	O
plasma	B-ANAT
,	O
serum	B-COMP
,	O
whole	B-ANAT
blood	I-ANAT
,	O
and	O
ascitic	B-ANAT
fluid	I-ANAT
samples	O
from	O
anti	O
-	O
FCoV	O
antibody	B-COMP
positive	O
cats	B-SPEC
,	O
and	O
nonspecific	O
reaction	O
was	O
not	O
noted	O
in	O
samples	O
from	O
anti	O
-	O
FCoV	O
antibody	B-COMP
negative	O
cats	B-SPEC
.	O

Here	O
we	O
describe	O
the	O
protocol	O
to	O
estimate	O
selection	O
pressures	O
for	O
the	O
spike	O
gene	O
and	O
evolutionary	O
dynamics	O
of	O
bovine	B-SPEC
coronaviruses	O
.	O

A	O
simple	O
technique	O
for	O
the	O
preparation	O
of	O
chicken	B-SPEC
tracheal	O
organ	B-ANAT
cultures	O
in	O
glass	O
test	O
tubes	O
,	O
in	O
which	O
virus	B-SPEC
growth	B-PROC
and	O
ciliostasis	O
can	O
be	O
readily	O
observed	O
,	O
is	O
described	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
The	O
preparation	O
of	O
chicken	B-SPEC
kidney	B-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
cultures	O
for	O
virus	B-SPEC
propagation	O
.	O

A	O
technique	O
for	O
the	O
preparation	O
of	O
such	O
cell	B-COMP
cultures	O
,	O
using	O
a	O
combination	O
of	O
manual	O
and	O
trypsin	B-PRGE
disaggregation	O
of	O
kidneys	B-ANAT
dissected	O
from	O
2	O
-	O
to	O
3	O
-	O
week	O
-	O
old	O
birds	B-SPEC
is	O
described	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
large	O
size	O
of	O
the	O
coronavirus	O
(	O
CoV	B-SPEC
)	O
genome	O
(	O
around	O
30	O
kb	O
)	O
and	O
the	O
instability	O
in	O
bacteria	B-SPEC
of	O
plasmids	O
carrying	O
CoV	B-PRGE
replicase	I-PRGE
sequences	I-PRGE
represent	O
serious	O
restrictions	O
for	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
CoV	B-SPEC
infectious	B-DISO
clones	O
using	O
reverse	O
genetic	O
systems	O
similar	O
to	O
those	O
used	O
for	O
smaller	O
positive	O
sense	B-PROC
RNA	O
viruses	B-SPEC
.	O

Receptors	O
can	O
be	O
major	O
determinants	O
of	O
tropism	B-PROC
,	O
host	B-COMP
range	O
,	O
and	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Quantification	O
of	O
interferon	B-PATH
signaling	B-PROC
in	O
avian	B-SPEC
cells	B-COMP
.	O

The	O
approaches	O
described	O
are	O
not	O
limited	O
to	O
CoV	O
-	O
infected	O
cells	O
;	O
they	O
can	O
also	O
be	O
applied	O
to	O
other	O
virus	B-SPEC
-	O
infected	O
or	O
non	O
-	O
infected	O
cells	B-COMP
.	O

To	O
prepare	O
these	O
samples	O
for	O
imaging	O
in	O
the	O
TEM	B-COMP
therefore	O
requires	O
extensive	O
processing	O
which	O
can	O
alter	O
the	O
ultrastructure	O
of	O
the	O
material	O
.	O

This	O
study	O
suggests	O
the	O
potential	O
role	O
of	O
the	O
TM	O
domain	O
in	O
nsp6	O
,	O
the	O
integrity	O
of	O
the	O
S2	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
and	O
the	O
B	O
-	O
TRS	B-DISO
3	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
putative	O
accessory	O
protein	B-CHED
4b	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
the	O
3	O
'	O
untranslated	O
region	O
,	O
in	O
the	O
virulence	B-PROC
and	O
replication	O
of	O
IBV	B-SPEC
and	O
has	O
provided	O
a	O
better	O
understanding	O
of	O
relationships	O
between	O
the	O
Australian	O
vaccine	O
strain	O
of	O
IBV	B-SPEC
and	O
those	O
used	O
elsewhere	O
.	O

Patients	O
with	O
severe	O
traumatic	B-DISO
lung	I-DISO
injury	O
that	O
met	B-CHED
the	O
following	O
criteria	O
were	O
candidates	O
for	O
ECMO	O
:	O
(	O
1	O
)	O
severe	O
hypoxemia	O
,	O
Pao2	O
/	O
fraction	O
of	O
inspired	B-PROC
oxygen	B-CHED
(	O
1	O
.	O
0	O
)	O
less	O
than	O
60	O
,	O
and	O
positive	O
end	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
expiratory	I-PROC
pressure	O
greater	O
than	O
10	O
cm	O
H2O	B-CHED
in	O
spite	O
of	O
vigorous	O
ventilation	O
strategy	O
;	O
(	O
2	O
)	O
irreversible	O
CO2	B-DISO
retention	B-PROC
with	O
unstable	O
hemodynamics	B-PROC
;	O
and	O
(	O
3	O
)	O
an	O
initial	O
arterial	B-ANAT
Pao2	O
/	O
fraction	O
of	O
inspired	B-PROC
oxygen	B-CHED
(	O
1	O
.	O
0	O
)	O
less	O
than	O
60	O
,	O
where	O
the	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
condition	B-DISO
and	O
hemodynamics	B-PROC
rapidly	O
deteriorated	O
despite	O
vigorous	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
strategy	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Gene	O
encoding	O
22	O
-	O
380	O
aa	O
of	O
spike	O
protein	B-CHED
of	O
porcine	B-SPEC
epidemic	I-SPEC
diarrhea	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
)	O
isolate	O
in	O
China	O
was	O
cloned	O
and	O
expressed	B-PROC
as	O
a	O
recombinant	O
protein	B-CHED
in	O
Escherichia	B-SPEC
coli	I-SPEC
BL21	B-ANAT
(	O
DE3	O
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Development	B-PROC
and	O
characterization	O
of	O
neutralizing	O
monoclonal	O
antibodies	B-COMP
against	O
the	O
S1	B-PRGE
subunit	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
of	O
QX	O
-	O
like	O
avian	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
bronchitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
strain	O
Sczy3	O
.	O

The	O
high	O
antigenicity	O
region	O
of	O
S1	B-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
of	O
an	O
QX	O
-	O
like	O
IBV	B-SPEC
strain	O
Sczy3	O
was	O
amplified	O
and	O
ligated	O
into	O
the	O
prokaryotic	O
expression	B-PROC
vector	O
pET	O
-	O
32a	O
(+),	O
and	O
the	O
recombinant	B-PRGE
His	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
S1	I-PRGE
fusion	I-PRGE
proteins	I-PRGE
were	O
expressed	B-PROC
and	O
purified	O
.	O

The	O
anti	O
-	O
S1	O
MAbs	O
produced	O
in	O
the	O
present	O
work	O
may	O
be	O
valuable	O
in	O
developing	O
an	O
antigen	B-CHED
-	O
capture	O
ELISA	O
test	O
for	O
antigen	B-CHED
detection	O
or	O
a	O
competitive	O
ELISA	O
test	O
for	O
antibody	B-COMP
detection	O
or	O
therapeutic	O
medicine	B-CHED
for	O
IB	O
in	O
poultry	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Monoclonal	O
antibody	B-COMP
to	O
N	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
of	O
porcine	B-SPEC
epidemic	I-SPEC
diarrhea	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Coronavirus	B-SPEC
envelope	B-COMP
(	I-PRGE
E	I-PRGE
)	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
remains	O
at	O
the	O
site	O
of	O
assembly	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Coronaviruses	O
(	O
CoVs	O
)	O
assemble	O
at	O
endoplasmic	O
reticulum	O
Golgi	B-COMP
intermediate	O
compartment	B-ANAT
(	O
ERGIC	B-COMP
)	O
membranes	B-ANAT
and	O
egress	O
from	O
cells	B-COMP
in	O
cargo	O
vesicles	B-COMP
.	O

The	O
role	O
of	O
E	O
in	O
morphogenesis	B-PROC
is	O
not	O
fully	O
understood	O
.	O

To	O
evaluate	O
the	O
effectiveness	O
and	O
safety	O
of	O
iNO	O
in	O
adult	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
hypoxemia	O
before	O
and	O
during	O
transport	B-PROC
to	O
a	O
tertiary	O
care	O
center	O
.	O

In	O
35	O
nonresponders	O
,	O
iNO	B-PRGE
was	O
discontinued	O
,	O
and	O
15	O
patients	O
could	O
not	O
be	O
transferred	O
owing	O
to	O
life	O
-	O
threatening	O
hypoxemia	O
;	O
2	O
were	O
later	O
transferred	O
on	O
extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenation	B-PROC
.	O

Use	O
of	O
iNO	O
significantly	O
improves	O
oxygenation	B-PROC
of	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
hypoxemia	O
and	O
allows	O
safe	O
transfer	O
to	O
a	O
tertiary	O
care	O
center	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Patients	O
treated	O
with	O
iNO	O
had	O
significant	O
improvement	O
in	O
oxygenation	B-PROC
:	O
mean	O
(	O
SD	O
)	O
for	O
PaO2	O
increased	O
from	O
60	O
.	O
7	O
(	O
20	O
.	O
2	O
)	O
to	O
72	O
.	O
3	O
(	O
40	O
.	O
6	O
)	O
mm	O
Hg	O
(	O
P	O
=.	O
008	O
),	O
and	O
mean	O
(	O
SD	O
)	O
for	O
ratio	O
of	O
PaO2	O
to	O
fraction	O
of	O
inspired	B-PROC
oxygen	B-CHED
(	O
P	O
:	O
F	O
)	O
increased	O
from	O
62	O
.	O
4	O
(	O
26	O
.	O
1	O
)	O
to	O
73	O
.	O
1	O
(	O
42	O
.	O
6	O
)	O
(	O
P	O
=	O
.	O
03	O
).	O

Amikacin	B-CHED
,	O
with	O
four	O
first	O
-	O
line	O
anti	O
-	O
tuberculous	B-DISO
drugs	O
,	O
was	O
started	O
in	O
the	O
case	O
of	O
a	O
resistant	O
strain	O
and	O
seriousness	O
of	O
the	O
illness	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
(	O
3Z	O
)-	O
3	O
-(	O
2	O
-[	O
4	O
-(	O
aryl	O
)-	O
1	O
,	O
3	O
-	O
thiazol	O
-	O
2	O
-	O
yl	O
]	O
hydrazin	B-CHED
-	O
1	O
-	O
ylidene	O
)-	O
2	O
,	O
3	O
-	O
dihydro	O
-	O
1H	O
-	O
indol	B-CHED
-	I-CHED
2	I-CHED
-	I-CHED
one	I-CHED
derivatives	O
as	O
dual	O
inhibitors	O
of	O
HIV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
1	I-SPEC
reverse	B-PRGE
transcriptase	I-PRGE
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
HIV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
1	I-SPEC
Reverse	B-PRGE
Transcriptase	I-PRGE
(	O
RT	O
)	O
is	O
a	O
validated	O
and	O
deeply	O
explored	O
biological	O
target	O
for	O
the	O
treatment	O
of	O
AIDS	O
.	O

In	O
samples	O
from	O
symptomatic	O
children	O
,	O
parainfluenza	B-DISO
viruses	B-SPEC
,	O
respiratory	B-SPEC
syncytial	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
and	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
OC43	O
were	O
detected	O
in	O
addition	O
to	O
those	O
mentioned	O
above	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Middle	O
East	O
Respiratory	O
Syndrome	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
is	O
an	O
emerging	O
pathogen	O
that	O
causes	O
lower	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
tract	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
in	O
humans	B-SPEC
.	O

Human	B-SPEC
-	O
to	O
-	O
human	B-SPEC
transmission	O
occurs	O
sporadically	O
.	O

A	O
reverse	O
-	O
transcription	B-PROC
PCR	O
assay	O
for	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
targeting	B-PROC
a	O
615	O
bp	O
spike	O
fragment	O
provides	O
a	O
phylogenetic	O
clustering	O
of	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
variants	O
comparable	O
to	O
that	O
of	O
full	O
-	O
length	O
genomes	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
This	O
study	O
aim	O
was	O
to	O
investigate	O
an	O
outbreak	O
of	O
human	O
cases	O
of	O
unexplained	O
influenza	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
like	I-DISO
illness	I-DISO
and	O
fatal	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
(	O
ARI	B-CHED
),	O
with	O
simultaneous	O
poultry	O
illness	O
and	O
high	O
mortality	O
raising	O
concerns	O
of	O
possible	O
influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
(	O
H5N1	B-DISO
),	O
virus	B-SPEC
in	O
Cote	O
d	O
'	O
Ivoire	O
in	O
February	O
and	O
March	O
2007	O
.	O

Persons	O
meeting	O
the	O
case	O
definition	O
were	O
asked	O
to	O
provide	O
nasopharyngeal	B-ANAT
specimens	O
.	O

On	O
the	O
basis	O
of	O
clinical	O
and	O
epidemiological	O
information	O
,	O
specimens	O
were	O
tested	O
using	O
conventional	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
for	O
the	O
M	B-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
of	O
the	O
influenza	B-SPEC
viruses	I-SPEC
and	O
hemagglutinin	O
H5	O
of	O
avian	B-DISO
influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
(	O
H5N1	B-DISO
),	O
virus	B-SPEC
;	O
negative	O
samples	O
were	O
tested	O
for	O
other	O
respiratory	O
viruses	B-SPEC
.	O

Between	O
October	O
2006	O
,	O
and	O
February	O
2007	O
,	O
104	O
suspected	O
cases	O
of	O
Acute	B-DISO
Respiratory	I-DISO
Disease	I-DISO
that	O
included	O
;	O
31	O
deaths	B-PROC
recorded	O
.	O

We	O
collected	O
and	O
tested	O
73	O
nasopharyngeal	B-ANAT
specimens	O
;	O
of	O
which	O
,	O
2	O
,	O
were	O
positive	O
for	O
human	B-PRGE
Coronavirus	I-PRGE
OC43	I-PRGE
and	O
1	O
for	O
influenza	B-SPEC
C	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
.	O

No	O
pathogens	O
were	O
identified	O
in	O
animal	B-SPEC
specimens	O
.	O

No	O
pathogens	O
were	O
identified	O
in	O
animal	B-SPEC
specimens	O
.	O

In	O
this	O
report	O
,	O
we	O
identified	O
several	O
potential	O
cellular	B-COMP
nsp16	O
-	O
interacting	O
proteins	B-CHED
from	O
a	O
human	B-SPEC
thymus	B-SPEC
cDNA	O
library	O
by	O
yeast	B-SPEC
two	O
-	O
hybrid	O
screening	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
The	O
costs	O
of	O
inadequate	O
breastfeeding	B-PROC
of	O
infants	O
in	O
Mexico	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
The	O
total	O
annual	O
costs	O
of	O
inadequate	O
breastfeeding	B-PROC
in	O
Mexico	O
for	O
the	O
studied	O
cohort	O
ranged	O
from	O
$	O
745	O
.	O
6	O
million	O
to	O
$	O
2416	O
.	O
5	O
million	O
,	O
where	O
the	O
costs	O
of	O
infant	O
formula	O
accounted	O
for	O
11	O
-	O
38	O
%	O
of	O
total	O
costs	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Recent	O
reports	O
of	O
Plasmodium	O
vivax	O
associated	O
with	O
severe	O
syndromes	B-DISO
and	O
mortality	O
from	O
malaria	B-PATH
endemic	O
areas	O
questions	O
the	O
""""	O
benign	O
""""	O
course	O
of	O
non	O
-	O
falciparum	O
malarias	B-DISO
.	O

Among	O
all	O
cases	O
,	O
.	O
9	O
%	O
of	O
Plasmodium	B-SPEC
falciparum	I-SPEC
cases	O
resulted	O
in	O
death	B-PROC
and	O
9	O
.	O
3	O
%	O
were	O
classified	O
as	O
severe	O
,	O
whereas	O
.	O
09	O
%	O
of	O
P	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
vivax	I-SPEC
cases	O
resulted	O
in	O
death	B-PROC
and	O
1	O
.	O
3	O
%	O
were	O
classified	O
as	O
severe	O
.	O

In	O
Argentina	B-SPEC
,	O
national	O
surveillance	O
programs	O
for	O
the	O
detection	O
of	O
respiratory	O
viruses	B-SPEC
are	O
usually	O
performed	O
by	O
using	O
immunofluorescence	O
(	O
IF	O
)	O
assays	O
,	O
although	O
it	O
is	O
well	O
known	O
that	O
molecular	O
methods	O
are	O
more	O
sensitive	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Protective	O
lung	O
ventilation	O
is	O
recommended	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
to	O
minimize	O
additional	O
injuries	O
to	O
the	O
lung	B-ANAT
.	O

ARDS	B-DISO
was	O
obtained	O
by	O
repeated	O
bronchoalveolar	O
lavage	O
.	O

Pulmonary	B-ANAT
artery	I-ANAT
pressure	O
significantly	O
decreased	O
to	O
31	O
.	O
6	O
±	O
3	O
.	O
2	O
mmHg	O
(	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
001	O
)	O
and	O
RV	O
-	O
arterial	B-ANAT
coupling	O
significantly	O
improved	O
(	O
RV	O
-	O
arterial	B-ANAT
coupling	O
index	O
=	O
1	O
.	O
03	O
±	O
0	O
.	O
33	O
vs	O
.	O
0	O
.	O
55	O
±	O
0	O
.	O
41	O
,	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
).	O

Veno	O
-	O
venous	B-ANAT
CO2	B-CHED
removal	O
therapy	O
enabled	O
protective	O
ventilation	O
while	O
maintaining	O
normocarbia	O
during	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
ARDS	B-DISO
induced	O
severe	O
hypercapnic	B-DISO
acidosis	I-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
The	O
structure	O
and	O
functions	O
of	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
genomic	O
3	O
'	O
and	O
5	O
'	O
ends	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Coronaviruses	O
(	O
CoVs	O
)	O
are	O
an	O
important	O
cause	O
of	O
illness	O
in	O
humans	O
and	O
animals	B-SPEC
.	O

Most	O
human	B-SPEC
coronaviruses	O
commonly	O
cause	O
relatively	O
mild	O
respiratory	O
illnesses	O
;	O
however	O
two	O
zoonotic	O
coronaviruses	O
,	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
and	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
,	O
can	O
cause	O
severe	O
illness	O
and	O
death	B-PROC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Synthesis	B-PROC
of	O
erythrocentaurin	O
derivatives	O
as	O
a	O
new	O
class	B-SPEC
of	O
hepatitis	B-SPEC
B	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
inhibitors	B-CHED
.	O

Eight	O
compounds	O
1	O
,	O
2	O
,	O
5	O
,	O
8	O
,	O
9	O
,	O
1e	O
,	O
1k	O
,	O
and	O
1m	O
increased	O
activity	O
against	O
HBV	B-DISO
DNA	B-PATH
replication	I-PATH
with	O
the	O
SI	O
values	O
higher	O
than	O
11	O
.	O

In	O
particular	O
,	O
derivatives	O
1e	O
and	O
1k	O
exhibited	O
the	O
most	O
potent	O
inhibition	B-PROC
on	O
HBV	B-DISO
DNA	B-PATH
replication	I-PATH
with	O
the	O
IC50	O
values	O
of	O
0	O
.	O
026	O
mM	O
(	O
SI	O
>	O
70	O
.	O
8	O
)	O
and	O
0	O
.	O
045	O
mM	O
(	O
SI	O
>	O
36	O
.	O
0	O
),	O
respectively	O
.	O

A	O
37	O
-	O
year	O
-	O
old	O
man	B-CHED
complaining	O
of	O
persisting	O
cough	B-DISO
was	O
referred	O
to	O
our	O
hospital	O
.	O

Medicinal	O
plants	B-SPEC
are	O
a	O
rich	O
source	O
of	O
chemical	O
diversity	O
and	O
can	O
be	O
used	O
to	O
identify	O
novel	O
scaffolds	O
to	O
be	O
further	O
developed	O
by	O
chemical	O
modifications	O
.	O

We	O
investigated	O
the	O
ability	O
of	O
the	O
main	O
lignans	B-CHED
from	O
Schisandra	B-SPEC
chinensis	I-SPEC
(	O
Turcz	O
.)	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Isolation	O
and	O
characterization	O
of	O
porcine	B-SPEC
deltacoronavirus	O
from	O
pigs	B-SPEC
with	O
diarrhea	B-DISO
in	O
the	O
United	O
States	O
.	O

Patients	O
with	O
severe	O
ILD	O
and	O
>	O
12	O
months	O
follow	O
-	O
up	O
post	O
-	O
Rtx	O
were	O
identified	O
from	O
the	O
Oslo	O
University	O
Hospital	O
ASS	B-SPEC
cohort	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
112	O
).	O

This	O
study	O
,	O
which	O
included	O
24	O
Rtx	O
-	O
treated	O
ASS	B-SPEC
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
ILD	O
,	O
reports	O
improved	O
PFTs	O
after	O
a	O
median	O
52	O
months	O
follow	O
-	O
up	O
post	O
-	O
Rtx	O
.	O

Recovery	O
was	O
longer	O
with	O
acute	O
gastrointestinal	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
and	O
acute	O
motor	O
axonal	B-DISO
neuropathy	I-DISO
.	O

We	O
present	O
3	O
cases	O
of	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
and	O
severe	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
managed	O
with	O
airway	B-ANAT
pressure	O
release	B-PATH
ventilation	O
,	O
among	O
other	O
ventilatory	O
modes	O
,	O
with	O
improved	O
ventilation	O
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
Airway	B-ANAT
pressure	O
release	B-PATH
ventilation	O
may	O
be	O
an	O
important	O
option	O
as	O
a	O
ventilatory	O
mode	O
for	O
management	O
of	O
maternal	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
during	O
pregnancy	O
.	O

The	O
optimum	O
conditions	O
for	O
differentiation	B-PROC
between	O
anti	O
-	O
TCoV	O
hyperimmune	O
serum	B-ANAT
and	O
normal	O
turkey	B-SPEC
serum	B-COMP
were	O
recombinant	B-PRGE
TCoV	I-PRGE
N	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
concentration	O
at	O
20	O
μg	O
/	O
ml	O
,	O
serum	B-COMP
dilution	O
at	O
1	O
:	O
800	O
,	O
and	O
conjugate	O
dilution	O
at	O
1	O
:	O
10	O
,	O
000	O
.	O

Reactivity	O
of	O
anti	O
-	O
rotavirus	B-SPEC
,	O
anti	O
-	O
reovirus	B-SPEC
,	O
anti	O
-	O
adenovirus	B-DISO
,	O
or	O
anti	O
-	O
enterovirus	B-SPEC
antibodies	B-COMP
with	O
the	O
recombinant	B-PRGE
N	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
coated	O
on	O
the	O
ELISA	O
plates	O
was	O
not	O
detected	O
.	O

Structure	O
and	O
sequence	O
alignments	O
revealed	O
that	O
two	O
residues	O
,	O
Y269	O
and	O
Q270	O
,	O
responsible	O
for	O
inhibitor	B-CHED
binding	B-FUNC
to	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
PLpro	I-PRGE
,	O
were	O
replaced	O
by	O
T274	O
and	O
A275	O
in	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
PLpro	O
,	O
making	O
critical	O
binding	B-FUNC
interactions	O
difficult	O
to	O
form	O
for	O
similar	O
types	O
of	O
inhibitors	B-CHED
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
PET	O
with	O
[	O
18F	O
]	O
fluoro	B-CHED
-	O
2	B-CHED
-	I-CHED
deoxy	I-CHED
-	I-CHED
D	I-CHED
-	I-CHED
glucose	I-CHED
can	O
be	O
used	O
to	O
image	O
cellular	B-PROC
metabolism	I-PROC
,	O
which	O
during	O
lung	B-DISO
inflammation	I-DISO
mainly	O
reflects	O
neutrophil	B-ANAT
activity	O
,	O
allowing	O
the	O
study	O
of	O
regional	O
lung	B-DISO
inflammation	I-DISO
in	O
vivo	O
.	O

[	O
18F	O
]	O
fluoro	B-CHED
-	O
2	B-CHED
-	I-CHED
deoxy	I-CHED
-	I-CHED
D	I-CHED
-	I-CHED
glucose	I-CHED
uptake	O
rate	O
was	O
computed	O
for	O
the	O
total	O
lung	B-ANAT
,	O
four	O
horizontal	O
regions	O
from	O
top	O
to	O
bottom	O
(	O
nondependent	O
to	O
dependent	O
regions	O
)	O
and	O
for	O
voxels	O
grouped	O
by	O
similar	O
density	O
using	O
standard	O
Hounsfield	O
units	O
classification	O
.	O

The	O
global	O
lung	B-ANAT
uptake	O
was	O
elevated	O
at	O
3	O
and	O
27	O
hours	O
,	O
suggesting	O
persisting	O
inflammation	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
A	O
comparison	O
of	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
outcomes	O
between	O
military	O
and	O
civilian	O
burn	O
patients	O
.	O

In	O
a	O
retrospective	O
cohort	O
study	O
,	O
burned	O
military	O
patients	O
on	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
had	O
a	O
significantly	O
lower	O
overall	O
and	O
ARDS	B-DISO
mortality	O
despite	O
larger	O
burns	O
and	O
more	O
severe	O
injury	O
when	O
compared	O
to	O
civilian	O
burn	O
patients	O
.	O

This	O
review	O
will	O
detail	O
the	O
most	O
current	O
clinical	O
and	O
epidemiological	O
findings	O
to	O
all	O
respiratory	O
viruses	B-SPEC
discovered	O
since	O
2001	O
.	O

Recombinant	B-PRGE
human	I-PRGE
interferon	I-PRGE
alpha	I-PRGE
2b	I-PRGE
in	O
vitro	O
has	O
broad	O
spectrum	O
antiviral	B-CHED
activities	O
,	O
low	O
toxicity	O
and	O
high	O
therapeutic	O
index	O
.	O

In	O
addition	O
to	O
extensive	O
intestinal	B-ANAT
lesions	O
,	O
PdCV	O
caused	O
significant	O
lesions	O
in	O
the	O
stomach	B-ANAT
and	O
mild	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
lesions	O
that	O
have	O
not	O
been	O
reported	O
for	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
and	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
.	O

The	O
GAIT	O
element	O
is	O
involved	O
in	O
the	O
translation	B-PROC
silencing	O
of	O
these	O
mRNAs	O
through	O
its	O
interaction	O
with	O
the	O
GAIT	B-COMP
complex	I-COMP
(	O
EPRS	B-PRGE
,	O
heterogeneous	B-PRGE
nuclear	I-PRGE
ribonucleoprotein	I-PRGE
Q	I-PRGE
,	O
ribosomal	B-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
L13a	I-PRGE
,	O
and	O
glyceraldehyde	B-PRGE
3	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
phosphate	I-PRGE
dehydrogenase	I-PRGE
)	O
to	O
favor	O
the	O
resolution	O
of	O
inflammation	B-DISO
.	O

Auxiliary	O
partial	O
orthotopic	O
living	O
donor	B-CHED
liver	B-ANAT
transplantion	O
(	O
APOLDLT	O
)	O
was	O
performed	O
.	O

When	O
administered	O
by	O
CED	B-DISO
into	O
the	O
rat	B-SPEC
striatum	B-ANAT
,	O
highly	O
PEGylated	O
DNA	O
NP	O
distribute	O
throughout	O
and	O
provide	O
broad	O
transgene	O
expression	B-PROC
without	O
vector	O
-	O
induced	O
toxicity	O
.	O

The	O
use	O
of	O
these	O
brain	B-ANAT
-	O
penetrating	O
gene	O
vectors	O
,	O
in	O
conjunction	O
with	O
CED	B-DISO
,	O
offers	O
an	O
avenue	O
to	O
improve	O
gene	O
therapy	O
for	O
CNS	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Structure	O
-	O
guided	O
design	O
and	O
optimization	O
of	O
dipeptidyl	O
inhibitors	B-CHED
of	O
norovirus	B-PRGE
3CL	I-PRGE
protease	I-PRGE
.	O

He	O
lost	B-CHED
consciousness	O
and	O
convulsed	B-DISO
.	O

He	O
finally	O
died	B-PROC
of	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
oedema	I-DISO
,	O
major	O
metabolic	B-DISO
acidosis	I-DISO
and	O
acute	O
multi	B-DISO
organ	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
.	O

The	O
following	O
day	O
,	O
the	O
captain	O
issued	O
a	O
rescue	O
call	O
from	O
the	O
same	O
vessel	B-ANAT
for	O
a	O
41	O
-	O
year	O
-	O
old	O
man	B-CHED
also	O
with	O
abdominal	B-DISO
pain	I-DISO
,	O
vomiting	B-DISO
and	O
dizziness	B-DISO
.	O

Comparisons	O
between	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
and	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
are	O
briefly	O
described	O
.	O

Epidemiological	O
and	O
genetic	O
studies	O
point	O
at	O
zoonotic	O
transmission	O
of	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
from	O
camels	B-SPEC
and	O
possibly	O
bats	B-SPEC
.	O

Health	O
-	O
care	O
workers	O
should	O
always	O
apply	O
standard	O
precautions	O
consistently	O
with	O
all	O
patients	O
,	O
regardless	O
of	O
their	O
diagnosis	O
due	O
to	O
non	O
-	O
specific	O
symptoms	O
of	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
in	O
the	O
early	O
stage	O
of	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
This	O
article	O
reviews	O
the	O
clinical	O
and	O
treatment	O
aspects	O
of	O
avian	O
influenza	B-SPEC
viruses	I-SPEC
and	O
the	O
Middle	O
East	O
Respiratory	O
Syndrome	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
).	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Ubiquitin	B-PROC
(	O
Ub	B-PROC
)	O
and	O
the	O
Ub	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
like	I-PRGE
(	O
Ubl	B-PRGE
)	O
modifier	O
interferon	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
stimulated	I-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
15	I-PRGE
(	O
ISG15	B-PRGE
)	O
participate	O
in	O
the	O
host	B-PROC
defence	I-PROC
of	O
viral	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
.	O

In	O
the	O
present	O
study	O
,	O
we	O
compare	O
substrate	O
specificities	O
of	O
the	O
papain	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
like	I-PRGE
protease	I-PRGE
(	O
PLpro	O
)	O
from	O
the	O
recently	O
emerged	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
(	O
MERS	O
)	O
hCoV	O
to	O
the	O
related	O
protease	O
from	O
SARS	B-DISO
,	O
SARS	B-DISO
PLpro	O
.	O

Several	O
classes	O
of	O
nucleoside	B-CHED
and	O
non	O
-	O
nucleoside	B-CHED
inhibitors	B-CHED
,	O
targeting	B-PROC
the	O
different	O
allosteric	O
sites	O
,	O
have	O
demonstrated	O
efficacy	O
in	O
clinical	O
trials	O
.	O

Compared	O
to	O
other	O
allosteric	O
sites	O
,	O
thumb	B-ANAT
site	O
I	O
is	O
a	O
more	O
compelling	O
allosteric	O
target	O
with	O
a	O
significant	O
number	O
of	O
inhibitors	B-CHED
in	O
clinical	O
trials	O
.	O

We	O
would	O
not	O
start	O
CRRT	O
for	O
the	O
complexity	O
of	O
operation	O
and	O
additional	O
loss	O
of	O
blood	B-ANAT
.	O

The	O
CDV	B-CHED
-	O
H	O
RT	O
-	O
LAMP	O
assay	O
rapidly	O
amplified	O
the	O
target	O
gene	O
,	O
within	O
60	O
min	O
,	O
using	O
a	O
water	B-CHED
bath	O
held	O
at	O
a	O
constant	O
temperature	O
of	O
65	O
°	O
C	O
.	O

The	O
system	O
showed	O
a	O
preference	O
for	O
wild	O
-	O
type	O
CDV	O
,	O
and	O
exhibited	O
less	O
sensitivity	O
to	O
canine	O
parvovirus	B-DISO
,	O
canine	B-SPEC
adenovirus	I-SPEC
type	O
1	O
and	O
type	O
2	O
,	O
canine	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
,	O
and	O
canine	B-SPEC
parainfluenza	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
.	O

In	O
the	O
present	O
study	O
,	O
in	O
-	O
depth	O
phylogenetic	O
and	O
Bayesian	O
phylogeographic	O
studies	O
were	O
conducted	O
to	O
investigate	O
the	O
evolutionary	O
dynamics	O
of	O
AvCoVs	O
detected	O
in	O
wild	O
and	O
synanthropic	O
birds	B-SPEC
.	O

Such	O
zoonotic	O
hepatitis	B-DISO
E	I-DISO
infection	B-DISO
has	O
particular	O
relevance	O
to	O
the	O
increasing	O
population	O
living	O
with	O
immunosuppression	B-PROC
,	O
due	O
to	O
the	O
risk	O
of	O
chronic	B-DISO
hepatitis	I-DISO
E	I-DISO
in	O
these	O
patients	O
.	O

Here	O
we	O
examine	O
how	O
virulence	B-PROC
varies	O
across	O
host	B-COMP
species	B-SPEC
by	O
carrying	O
out	O
a	O
large	O
cross	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
experiment	O
using	O
48	O
species	B-SPEC
of	O
Drosophilidae	B-SPEC
and	O
an	O
RNA	O
virus	B-SPEC
.	O

Host	B-COMP
shifts	O
resulted	O
in	O
dramatic	O
variation	O
in	O
virulence	B-PROC
,	O
with	O
benign	O
infections	B-DISO
in	O
some	O
species	B-SPEC
and	O
rapid	O
death	B-PROC
in	O
others	O
.	O

The	O
change	O
in	O
virulence	B-PROC
was	O
highly	O
predictable	O
from	O
the	O
host	B-COMP
phylogeny	O
,	O
with	O
hosts	B-COMP
clustering	O
together	O
in	O
distinct	O
clades	O
displaying	O
high	O
or	O
low	O
virulence	B-PROC
.	O

We	O
summarize	O
recent	O
findings	O
regarding	O
the	O
epidemiology	O
of	O
CAP	B-DISO
in	O
adults	O
,	O
efficacy	O
of	O
vaccines	O
against	O
Streptococcus	B-SPEC
pneumoniae	I-SPEC
,	O
diagnostics	O
,	O
and	O
discuss	O
the	O
current	O
controversy	O
between	O
CAP	B-DISO
and	O
healthcare	O
-	O
associated	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
(	O
HCAP	O
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Viral	B-DISO
gastroenteritis	I-DISO
in	O
children	O
in	O
Colorado	O
2006	O
-	O
2009	O
.	O

RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
detected	O
99	O
of	O
111	O
(	O
89	O
%)	O
adenovirus	B-DISO
-	O
positive	O
samples	O
versus	O
12	O
(	O
11	O
%)	O
by	O
EM	O
,	O
and	O
186	O
of	O
192	O
(	O
97	O
%)	O
sapovirus	B-SPEC
/	O
astrovirus	O
/	O
norovirus	B-SPEC
-	O
positive	O
samples	O
versus	O
21	O
(	O
11	O
%)	O
by	O
EM	O
.	O

Noroviruses	B-SPEC
and	O
adenoviruses	B-SPEC
are	O
common	O
causes	O
of	O
gastroenteritis	B-DISO
in	O
children	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
the	O
blockade	O
of	O
apoptosis	B-PATH
in	O
the	O
lungs	B-ANAT
may	O
also	O
have	O
deleterious	O
effects	O
by	O
hampering	O
viral	O
clearance	O
,	O
and	O
importantly	O
,	O
by	O
enhancing	O
or	O
prolonging	O
local	O
proinflammatory	O
responses	O
.	O

59	O
unique	O
miRNAs	O
displayed	O
significant	O
differentially	O
expression	B-PROC
between	O
the	O
normal	O
and	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
-	O
infected	O
ST	O
cell	B-COMP
samples	O
:	O
15	O
miRNAs	O
were	O
significantly	O
up	O
-	O
regulated	O
and	O
44	O
were	O
significantly	O
down	O
-	O
regulated	O
.	O

The	O
results	O
presented	O
here	O
will	O
aid	O
research	O
on	O
the	O
prevention	O
and	O
treatment	O
of	O
viral	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
.	O

We	O
analyzed	O
the	O
differential	O
protein	B-CHED
profile	O
of	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
-	O
infected	O
Vero	O
E6	O
cells	B-COMP
using	O
mass	O
spectrometry	O
and	O
an	O
isobaric	O
tag	B-DISO
for	O
relative	O
and	O
absolute	O
quantification	O
.	O

In	O
addition	O
,	O
articles	O
were	O
searched	O
on	O
the	O
websites	O
of	O
the	O
World	O
Health	O
Organization	O
and	O
the	O
U	O
.	O
S	O
.	O
Centers	O
for	O
Disease	O
Control	O
and	O
Prevention	O
using	O
the	O
terms	O
""""	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
""""	O
and	O
""""	O
novel	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
in	O
Middle	O
East	O
.	O

Meta	B-SPEC
-	O
analysis	O
was	O
performed	O
using	O
both	O
a	O
fixed	B-ANAT
-	O
effect	O
and	O
a	O
random	O
-	O
effects	O
model	O
.	O

Meta	B-SPEC
-	O
analysis	O
comparing	O
HFOV	O
with	O
CV	O
revealed	O
no	O
evidence	O
of	O
effect	O
on	O
mortality	O
at	O
28	O
to	O
30	O
days	O
of	O
age	O
or	O
at	O
approximately	O
term	O
equivalent	O
age	O
.	O

The	O
risk	O
of	O
CLD	B-DISO
in	O
survivors	O
at	O
term	O
equivalent	O
gestational	O
age	O
was	O
significantly	O
reduced	O
with	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
HFOV	O
but	O
this	O
effect	O
was	O
inconsistent	O
across	O
studies	O
,	O
even	O
after	O
the	O
meta	B-SPEC
-	O
analysis	O
was	O
restricted	O
to	O
studies	O
that	O
applied	O
a	O
high	O
lung	B-PROC
volume	I-PROC
strategy	O
with	O
HFOV	O
.	O

Specifically	O
,	O
use	O
of	O
these	O
building	O
blocks	O
to	O
investigate	O
protein	B-PROC
folding	I-PROC
and	O
misfolding	O
has	O
been	O
of	O
particular	O
value	O
since	O
it	O
can	O
provide	O
tremendous	O
insights	O
into	O
peptide	B-CHED
aggregation	O
related	O
to	O
a	O
variety	O
of	O
protein	B-DISO
misfolding	I-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
,	O
or	O
amyloid	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
(	O
e	O
.	O
g	O
.,	O
Alzheimer	B-PATH
'	I-PATH
s	I-PATH
disease	I-PATH
,	O
Parkinson	B-PATH
'	I-PATH
s	I-PATH
disease	I-PATH
,	O
type	O
-	O
II	O
diabetes	B-DISO
).	O

Herein	O
,	O
the	O
self	O
-	O
assembly	O
of	O
TK9	O
,	O
a	O
nine	O
-	O
residue	O
peptide	B-CHED
of	O
the	O
extra	O
membrane	B-COMP
C	O
-	O
terminal	O
tail	O
of	O
the	O
SARS	B-PRGE
corona	B-CHED
virus	B-SPEC
envelope	B-COMP
,	O
and	O
its	O
variants	O
were	O
characterized	O
through	O
biophysical	O
,	O
spectroscopic	O
,	O
and	O
simulated	O
studies	O
,	O
and	O
it	O
was	O
confirmed	O
that	O
the	O
structure	O
of	O
these	O
peptides	O
influences	O
their	O
aggregation	O
propensity	O
,	O
hence	O
,	O
mimicking	O
amyloid	B-DISO
proteins	B-CHED
.	O

TK9	O
,	O
which	O
forms	O
a	O
beta	O
-	O
sheet	O
rich	O
fibril	B-COMP
,	O
contains	O
a	O
key	O
sequence	O
motif	O
that	O
may	O
be	O
critical	O
for	O
beta	O
-	O
sheet	O
formation	B-PROC
,	O
thus	O
making	O
it	O
an	O
interesting	O
system	O
to	O
study	O
amyloid	B-DISO
fibrillation	B-DISO
.	O

Our	O
results	O
show	O
that	O
TK9	O
inhibits	O
the	O
fibrillation	B-DISO
of	O
hIAPP	O
,	O
a	O
37	O
amino	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
peptide	B-CHED
implicated	O
in	O
the	O
pathology	B-DISO
of	O
type	O
-	O
II	O
diabetes	B-DISO
.	O

Thus	O
,	O
biophysical	O
and	O
NMR	O
experimental	O
results	O
have	O
revealed	O
a	O
molecular	O
level	O
understanding	O
of	O
peptide	B-CHED
folding	O
events	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
the	O
inhibition	B-PROC
of	O
amyloid	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
aggregation	O
are	O
reported	O
.	O

These	O
results	O
support	O
the	O
idea	B-SPEC
of	O
bats	B-SPEC
as	O
an	O
evolutionary	O
origin	O
for	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
,	O
implicate	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
as	O
a	O
potential	O
threat	O
to	O
other	O
species	B-SPEC
,	O
and	O
suggest	O
antiviral	B-CHED
strategies	O
to	O
control	O
its	O
spread	O
.	O

Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
,	O
caused	O
by	O
a	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
,	O
is	O
highly	O
lethal	O
,	O
with	O
a	O
case	O
fatality	O
rate	O
of	O
35	O
to	O
40	O
%.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Molecular	O
characterization	O
and	O
phylogenetic	O
analysis	O
of	O
porcine	B-SPEC
epidemic	B-DISO
diarrhea	I-DISO
viruses	B-SPEC
associated	O
with	O
outbreaks	O
of	O
severe	O
diarrhea	O
in	O
piglets	O
in	O
Jiangxi	O
,	O
China	O
2013	O
.	O

Unlike	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
that	O
resolved	O
within	O
a	O
year	O
,	O
continued	O
introductions	O
of	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
present	O
an	O
on	O
-	O
going	O
public	O
health	O
threat	O
.	O

We	O
intended	O
to	O
demonstrate	O
the	O
incidence	O
of	O
respiratory	O
viral	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
detected	O
by	O
PCR	O
and	O
real	O
-	O
time	O
PCR	O
in	O
adult	O
patients	O
with	O
CAP	B-DISO
.	O

Incidences	O
ranged	O
from	O
8	O
.	O
6	O
to	O
56	O
.	O
2	O
%	O
for	O
overall	O
respiratory	O
viral	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Quarantine	O
has	O
been	O
used	O
for	O
centuries	O
in	O
an	O
effort	O
to	O
prevent	O
the	O
introduction	O
,	O
transmission	O
,	O
and	O
spread	O
of	O
communicable	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
(	O
MERS	O
)	O
caused	O
by	O
novel	O
Corona	B-CHED
virus	B-SPEC
hit	O
Kingdom	B-SPEC
of	O
Saudi	O
Arabia	O
(	O
KSA	O
)	O
and	O
resulted	O
in	O
hundreds	O
of	O
mortality	O
and	O
morbidity	O
,	O
fears	O
and	O
psychosocial	O
stress	O
among	O
population	O
,	O
economic	O
loss	O
and	O
major	O
political	O
change	O
at	O
Ministry	O
of	O
Health	O
(	O
MoH	O
).	O

In	O
2003	O
,	O
similar	O
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
hit	O
Canada	O
and	O
resulted	O
in	O
a	O
reform	O
of	O
Canada	O
'	O
s	O
public	O
health	O
system	O
and	O
creation	O
of	O
a	O
Canadian	O
Agency	O
for	O
Public	O
Health	O
,	O
similar	O
to	O
the	O
US	O
Centers	O
for	O
Disease	O
Control	O
(	O
CDC	O
).	O

We	O
describe	O
the	O
discovery	O
of	O
a	O
novel	O
picornavirus	B-SPEC
,	O
dromedary	B-SPEC
camel	B-SPEC
enterovirus	B-SPEC
(	O
DcEV	O
),	O
from	O
dromedaries	B-SPEC
in	O
Dubai	O
.	O

These	O
results	O
suggest	O
that	O
DcEV	O
is	O
a	O
novel	O
species	B-SPEC
of	O
the	O
genus	B-SPEC
Enterovirus	I-SPEC
in	O
the	O
family	B-SPEC
Picornaviridae	I-SPEC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
:	O
another	O
zoonotic	O
betacoronavirus	B-SPEC
causing	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
like	O
disease	O
.	O

Infectious	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
,	O
however	O
,	O
was	O
excreted	O
from	O
the	O
upper	B-ANAT
respiratory	I-ANAT
tract	I-ANAT
,	O
indicating	O
a	O
potential	O
route	O
of	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
transmission	O
in	O
some	O
animal	B-SPEC
species	B-SPEC
.	O

Among	O
these	O
,	O
nsp3	B-PRGE
is	O
the	O
largest	O
and	O
the	O
first	O
to	O
be	O
inserted	O
into	O
the	O
endoplasmic	B-COMP
reticulum	I-COMP
.	O

In	O
the	O
first	O
strategy	O
,	O
a	O
mutant	B-DISO
was	O
created	O
in	O
which	O
replicase	B-PRGE
polyprotein	O
translation	B-PROC
initiated	O
with	O
nsp3	B-PRGE
,	O
thereby	O
establishing	O
that	O
complete	O
elimination	B-PROC
of	O
nsp1	B-PRGE
and	O
nsp2	B-PRGE
does	O
not	O
abolish	O
MHV	B-SPEC
viability	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Leptospirosis	B-DISO
is	O
a	O
zoonosis	B-DISO
caused	O
by	O
a	O
pathogenic	O
spirochete	B-SPEC
""""	O
leptospira	B-SPEC
interrogans	I-SPEC
.	O

Severe	O
form	O
of	O
leprospira	O
infection	B-DISO
is	O
usually	O
associated	O
with	O
jaundice	B-DISO
and	O
renal	B-ANAT
involvement	O
,	O
leading	O
to	O
major	O
hemorrhagic	O
complications	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Pathogenicity	O
of	O
2	O
porcine	B-SPEC
deltacoronavirus	O
strains	O
in	O
gnotobiotic	O
pigs	B-SPEC
.	O

These	O
findings	O
confirm	O
that	O
these	O
2	O
strains	O
are	O
enteropathogenic	O
in	O
pigs	B-SPEC
.	O

A	O
few	O
strategies	O
to	O
address	O
the	O
situation	O
are	O
:	O
(	O
i	O
)	O
improving	O
preparedness	O
with	O
enhanced	O
surveillance	O
in	O
particular	O
regions	O
;	O
(	O
ii	O
)	O
targeting	B-PROC
certain	O
sentinel	O
groups	O
for	O
surveillance	O
in	O
hot	B-DISO
spots	I-DISO
;	O
and	O
(	O
iii	O
)	O
limited	O
use	O
of	O
serosurveillance	O
.	O

Examined	O
strains	O
had	O
a	O
hemagglutinin	O
polymorphism	B-PROC
associated	O
with	O
enhanced	O
binding	B-FUNC
to	O
lower	B-ANAT
respiratory	I-ANAT
tract	I-ANAT
receptors	O
.	O

The	O
proportion	O
of	O
RVs	O
in	O
CAP	B-DISO
is	O
higher	O
than	O
previously	O
reported	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Porcine	B-SPEC
epidemic	I-SPEC
diarrhea	I-SPEC
virus	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
induces	O
NF	O
-	O
κB	O
activation	O
through	O
the	O
TLR2	B-PRGE
,	O
TLR3	B-PRGE
and	O
TLR9	O
pathways	B-PROC
in	O
porcine	B-SPEC
intestinal	B-ANAT
epithelial	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Porcine	B-SPEC
epidemic	I-SPEC
diarrhea	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
)	O
is	O
a	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
that	O
induces	O
persistent	O
diarrhoea	B-DISO
in	O
swine	B-SPEC
,	O
resulting	O
in	O
severe	O
economic	O
losses	O
in	O
swine	B-SPEC
-	O
producing	O
countries	O
.	O

Here	O
,	O
we	O
elucidated	O
for	O
the	O
first	O
time	O
to	O
our	O
knowledge	O
the	O
potential	O
mechanism	O
of	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
-	O
mediated	O
NF	O
-	O
κB	O
activation	O
in	O
porcine	B-SPEC
small	B-ANAT
intestinal	I-ANAT
epithelial	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
(	O
IECs	O
).	O

Aerosol	O
transmission	O
is	O
biologically	O
plausible	O
when	O
infectious	B-DISO
aerosols	O
are	O
generated	O
by	O
or	O
from	O
an	O
infectious	B-DISO
person	O
,	O
the	O
pathogen	O
remains	O
viable	O
in	O
the	O
environment	O
for	O
some	O
period	O
of	O
time	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
target	O
tissues	B-ANAT
in	O
which	O
the	O
pathogen	O
initiates	O
infection	B-DISO
are	O
accessible	O
to	O
the	O
aerosol	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
An	O
infectious	B-DISO
aerosol	O
is	O
a	O
collection	O
of	O
pathogen	O
-	O
laden	O
particles	O
in	O
air	B-CHED
.	O

The	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
of	O
BP	O
in	O
dogs	B-SPEC
is	O
complex	O
and	O
the	O
role	O
of	O
canine	O
respiratory	O
viruses	B-SPEC
has	O
not	O
been	O
fully	O
evaluated	O
.	O

Canine	B-SPEC
parainfluenza	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
CPIV	O
),	O
canine	B-SPEC
adenovirus	I-SPEC
,	O
canine	O
herpes	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
,	O
canine	O
influenzavirus	O
,	O
canine	B-SPEC
distemper	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
,	O
canine	O
respiratory	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
CRCoV	O
)	O
and	O
canine	O
pneumovirus	B-SPEC
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
B	O
.	O
bronchiseptica	O
and	O
Mycoplasma	B-PRGE
spp	B-ENZY
.	O
were	O
analyzed	O
in	O
respiratory	B-ANAT
samples	I-ANAT
using	O
PCR	O
assays	O
.	O

CPIV	O
was	O
detected	O
in	O
7	O
/	O
20	O
and	O
CRCoV	O
in	O
1	O
/	O
20	O
dogs	B-SPEC
with	O
BP	O
.	O

Respiratory	O
viruses	B-SPEC
were	O
not	O
detected	O
in	O
dogs	B-SPEC
with	O
BBTB	O
.	O

Respiratory	O
viruses	B-SPEC
were	O
found	O
frequently	O
in	O
dogs	B-SPEC
with	O
BP	O
and	O
may	O
therefore	O
play	O
an	O
important	O
role	O
in	O
the	O
etiology	O
and	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
of	O
BP	O
.	O

Additionally	O
,	O
no	O
association	O
was	O
observed	O
between	O
the	O
polymorphisms	B-PROC
and	O
severity	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Resistance	B-PROC
to	O
rocuronium	B-CHED
and	O
cisatracurium	O
in	O
a	O
patient	O
with	O
a	O
spinal	O
injury	O
and	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
A	O
case	O
of	O
resistance	B-PROC
to	O
rocuronium	B-CHED
and	O
cisatracurium	O
in	O
a	O
patient	O
with	O
a	O
spinal	O
injury	O
who	O
developed	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
is	O
reported	O
.	O

As	O
a	O
last	O
attempt	O
to	O
improve	O
oxygenation	B-PROC
,	O
the	O
patient	O
received	O
nitric	B-CHED
oxide	I-CHED
and	O
sedation	B-DISO
with	O
propofol	B-CHED
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
Inadequate	O
paralysis	O
was	O
achieved	O
with	O
rocuronium	B-CHED
and	O
cisatracurium	O
in	O
a	O
patient	O
who	O
sustained	O
a	O
significant	O
trauma	O
resulting	O
in	O
quadriplegia	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
effects	O
of	O
recruitment	B-DISO
maneuvers	O
on	O
clinical	O
outcomes	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
moderate	O
to	O
severe	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
and	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
healthy	O
lungs	B-ANAT
undergoing	O
major	O
surgery	O
were	O
recently	O
assessed	O
.	O

In	O
addition	O
,	O
although	O
recruitment	B-DISO
maneuvers	O
are	O
being	O
increasingly	O
used	O
,	O
there	O
remains	O
a	O
great	O
deal	O
of	O
uncertainty	O
regarding	O
the	O
precise	O
way	O
to	O
evaluate	O
the	O
effect	O
of	O
recruitment	B-DISO
.	O

A	O
multimodal	O
and	O
multiparametric	O
approach	O
could	O
be	O
a	O
valuable	O
option	O
for	O
bedside	O
monitoring	O
of	O
recruitment	B-DISO
maneuvers	O
both	O
in	O
the	O
ICU	O
and	O
in	O
the	O
operative	O
room	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Middle	O
Eastern	O
Respiratory	O
Syndrome	B-DISO
Corona	B-CHED
Virus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
CoV	O
):	O
case	O
reports	O
from	O
a	O
tertiary	O
care	O
hospital	O
in	O
Saudi	O
Arabia	O
.	O

The	O
diagnosis	O
and	O
treatment	O
was	O
delayed	O
by	O
an	O
average	O
of	O
15	O
days	O
in	O
those	O
patients	O
who	O
died	B-PROC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
in	O
children	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Safety	O
and	O
efficacy	O
of	O
bronchoalveolar	O
lavage	O
using	O
a	O
laryngeal	B-ANAT
mask	O
airway	B-ANAT
in	O
cases	O
of	O
acute	O
hypoxaemic	O
respiratory	O
failure	O
with	O
diffuse	O
lung	B-ANAT
infiltrates	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
application	O
of	O
FOB	O
-	O
BAL	B-ENZY
using	O
a	O
laryngeal	B-ANAT
mask	O
airway	B-ANAT
(	O
LMA	O
)	O
in	O
combination	O
with	O
continuous	O
positive	O
airway	B-ANAT
pressure	O
(	O
CPAP	O
)	O
may	O
minimize	O
the	O
incidence	O
of	O
hypoxaemia	O
;	O
however	O
,	O
the	O
safety	O
and	O
efficacy	O
of	O
this	O
procedure	O
have	O
not	O
been	O
investigated	O
.	O

Several	O
proteases	O
cluster	O
into	O
tetraspanin	B-PRGE
-	O
enriched	O
microdomains	O
(	O
TEMs	O
),	O
suggesting	O
that	O
TEMs	O
are	O
preferred	O
virus	B-SPEC
entry	O
portals	O
.	O

Thirteen	O
open	O
reading	O
frames	O
(	O
ORFs	O
)	O
in	O
the	O
order	B-PRGE
5	I-PRGE
'-	I-PRGE
UTR	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
1a	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
1ab	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
S	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
3a	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
3b	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
E	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
M	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
4b	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
4c	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
5a	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
5b	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
N	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
6b	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
3	I-PRGE
'	I-PRGE
UTR	I-PRGE
were	O
predicted	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
An	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
,	O
designated	O
as	O
ck	O
/	O
CH	O
/	O
LHLJ	O
/	O
140906	O
,	O
was	O
isolated	O
from	O
an	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
IBV	B-SPEC
)	O
strain	O
H120	O
-	O
vaccinated	O
chicken	B-SPEC
flock	O
,	O
which	O
presented	O
with	O
a	O
suspected	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
IBV	B-SPEC
)	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

A	O
phylogenetic	O
analysis	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
S1	B-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
clustered	O
ck	O
/	O
CH	O
/	O
LHLJ	O
/	O
140906	O
with	O
the	O
793	O
/	O
B	O
group	O
;	O
however	O
,	O
a	O
pairwise	O
comparison	O
showed	O
that	O
the	O
5	O
'	O
terminal	O
of	O
the	O
S1	B-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
(	O
containing	O
hypervariable	O
regions	O
I	O
and	O
II	O
)	O
had	O
high	O
sequence	O
identity	O
with	O
the	O
H120	O
strain	O
,	O
while	O
the	O
3	O
'	O
terminal	O
sequence	O
was	O
very	O
similar	O
to	O
that	O
of	O
IBV	B-SPEC
4	O
/	O
91	O
strain	O
.	O

Although	O
the	O
isolate	O
ck	O
/	O
CH	O
/	O
LHLJ	O
/	O
140906	O
had	O
slightly	O
higher	O
S1	O
amino	O
acid	O
sequence	O
identity	O
to	O
strain	O
4	O
/	O
91	O
(	O
88	O
.	O
2	O
%)	O
than	O
to	O
strain	O
H120	O
(	O
86	O
%),	O
the	O
serotype	O
of	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
was	O
more	O
closely	O
related	O
to	O
that	O
of	O
the	O
H120	O
strain	O
(	O
32	O
%	O
antigenic	O
relatedness	O
)	O
than	O
to	O
the	O
4	O
/	O
91	O
strain	O
(	O
15	O
%	O
antigenic	O
relatedness	O
).	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
ΔWBC	O
(	O
the	O
ratio	O
between	O
DIFF	O
and	O
BASO	O
counts	O
of	O
the	O
Sysmex	O
XT	O
-	O
2000iV	O
),	O
hereafter	O
defined	O
as	O
ΔTNC	O
(	O
total	O
nucleated	O
cells	B-COMP
),	O
is	O
high	O
in	O
effusions	B-DISO
due	O
to	O
feline	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
peritonitis	I-DISO
(	O
FIP	B-DISO
),	O
as	O
cells	B-COMP
are	O
entrapped	O
in	O
fibrin	O
clots	B-DISO
formed	O
in	O
the	O
BASO	O
reagent	B-CHED
.	O

The	O
objective	O
of	O
this	O
study	O
was	O
to	O
determine	O
the	O
diagnostic	O
accuracy	O
for	O
FIP	B-DISO
and	O
the	O
optimal	O
cutoff	O
of	O
ΔTNC	O
.	O

The	O
structure	O
-	O
activity	O
relationships	O
(	O
SARs	B-DISO
)	O
of	O
phenylpropanoid	B-CHED
derivatives	O
had	O
been	O
discussed	O
,	O
which	O
were	O
useful	O
for	O
phenylpropanoid	B-CHED
derivatives	O
to	O
be	O
explored	O
and	O
developed	O
as	O
novel	O
anti	B-CHED
-	I-CHED
HBV	I-CHED
agents	I-CHED
.	O

Pre	O
-	O
HCT	O
and	O
weekly	O
post	O
-	O
HCT	O
nasal	B-ANAT
washes	O
were	O
collected	O
through	O
day	O
100	O
from	O
patients	O
with	O
and	O
without	O
symptoms	O
.	O

These	O
data	O
support	O
routine	O
testing	O
for	O
respiratory	O
viruses	B-SPEC
among	O
symptomatic	O
patients	O
before	O
HCT	O
,	O
and	O
delay	O
of	O
transplant	B-ANAT
with	O
virus	B-SPEC
detection	O
when	O
feasible	O
,	O
even	O
for	O
detection	O
of	O
rhinovirus	B-SPEC
alone	O
.	O

We	O
conducted	O
a	O
retrospective	O
analysis	O
of	O
a	O
cluster	O
of	O
patients	O
diagnosed	O
with	O
or	O
suspected	O
of	O
influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
H1N1	O
infection	B-DISO
in	O
the	O
period	O
from	O
December	O
2010	O
to	O
March	O
2011	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenation	B-PROC
for	O
blastomycosis	B-DISO
-	O
related	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
:	O
a	O
case	O
series	O
.	O

Many	O
patients	O
with	O
sepsis	B-DISO
are	O
unable	O
to	O
provide	O
nutrition	B-PROC
for	O
themselves	O
,	O
and	O
therefore	O
initiating	O
artificial	O
nutrition	B-PROC
has	O
become	O
part	O
of	O
routine	O
care	O
for	O
these	O
patients	O
.	O

The	O
best	O
recommendations	O
have	O
to	O
be	O
extrapolated	O
from	O
studies	O
in	O
heterogeneous	O
populations	O
of	O
critically	B-DISO
ill	I-DISO
patients	O
or	O
in	O
those	O
with	O
syndromes	B-DISO
such	O
as	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
or	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
where	O
sepsis	B-DISO
is	O
a	O
common	O
predisposing	O
etiology	O
.	O

Thus	O
,	O
the	O
efficient	O
incorporation	O
of	O
viral	B-PRGE
envelope	I-PRGE
proteins	B-CHED
into	O
CoV	O
virions	B-COMP
depends	O
on	O
protein	B-PROC
trafficking	B-PROC
and	O
protein	B-CHED
-	O
protein	B-CHED
interactions	O
near	O
the	O
ERGIC	B-COMP
.	O

The	O
goal	O
of	O
this	O
review	O
is	O
to	O
summarize	O
recent	O
findings	O
on	O
the	O
mechanism	O
of	O
incorporation	O
of	O
the	O
M	B-PRGE
and	I-PRGE
S	I-PRGE
glycoproteins	I-PRGE
into	O
the	O
CoV	O
virion	B-COMP
,	O
focusing	O
on	O
protein	B-PROC
trafficking	B-PROC
and	O
protein	B-CHED
-	O
protein	B-CHED
interactions	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
decreased	O
fidelity	O
is	O
detrimental	O
to	O
CoV	O
replication	O
and	O
virulence	B-PROC
;	O
mutant	B-DISO
CoVs	O
with	O
decreased	O
replication	O
fidelity	O
are	O
attenuated	O
and	O
more	O
sensitive	O
to	O
inhibition	B-PROC
by	O
RNA	O
mutagens	B-CHED
.	O

In	O
light	O
of	O
the	O
recent	O
surge	O
in	O
reported	O
infections	B-DISO
we	O
have	O
developed	O
asymmetric	O
five	O
-	O
primer	O
reverse	B-PROC
transcription	I-PROC
loop	O
-	O
mediated	O
isothermal	O
amplification	B-DISO
(	O
RT	O
-	O
LAMP	O
)	O
assays	O
for	O
detection	O
of	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
.	O
Isothermal	O
amplification	B-DISO
assays	O
will	O
facilitate	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
portable	O
point	O
-	O
of	O
-	O
care	O
diagnostics	O
that	O
are	O
crucial	O
for	O
management	O
of	O
emerging	O
infections	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
following	O
criteria	O
were	O
used	O
to	O
establish	O
a	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
SIADH	B-DISO
:	O
urine	B-ANAT
sodium	O
level	O
of	O
40	O
mmol	O
/	O
L	O
or	O
greater	O
,	O
urine	B-ANAT
osmolarity	O
above	O
500	O
mosm	O
/	O
Kg	O
,	O
and	O
urine	B-ANAT
density	O
of	O
1020	O
g	O
/	O
L	O
or	O
greater	O
.	O

A	O
comparison	O
was	O
made	O
between	O
those	O
patients	O
that	O
met	B-CHED
urine	B-ANAT
SIADH	B-DISO
criteria	O
and	O
those	O
who	O
did	O
not	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
A	O
total	O
of	O
126	O
children	O
were	O
included	O
,	O
and	O
23	O
(	O
18	O
.	O
6	O
%)	O
of	O
them	O
had	O
urine	B-ANAT
SIADH	B-DISO
criteria	O
.	O

Prevalence	O
of	O
septic	B-DISO
shock	I-DISO
was	O
higher	O
in	O
the	O
group	O
with	O
moderate	O
-	O
to	O
-	O
large	O
TPBT	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
A	O
retrospective	O
cohort	O
study	O
was	O
preformed	O
aiming	O
to	O
verify	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
transient	O
dysfunction	O
of	O
gas	O
exchange	O
in	O
the	O
postoperative	O
period	O
of	O
cardiac	B-ANAT
surgery	O
and	O
determine	O
if	O
this	O
disorder	O
is	O
linked	O
to	O
cardiorespiratory	O
events	O
.	O

Severe	O
transient	O
dysfunction	O
of	O
gas	B-ENZY
exchange	O
was	O
associated	O
with	O
patients	O
who	O
had	O
renal	B-ANAT
replacement	O
therapy	O
(	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
0005	O
),	O
hemotherapy	O
(	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
0001	O
),	O
enteral	O
nutrition	B-PROC
(	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
0012	O
),	O
or	O
cardiac	B-DISO
arrhythmia	I-DISO
(	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
0451	O
).	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Tracheal	O
injury	O
is	O
a	O
rare	O
but	O
highly	O
morbid	O
complication	B-DISO
of	O
endotracheal	O
intubation	O
.	O

Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
carries	O
a	O
high	O
mortality	O
rate	O
in	O
patients	O
who	O
require	O
ICU	O
admission	O
,	O
with	O
a	O
significant	O
number	O
of	O
patients	O
developing	O
MOSF	O
.	O

In	O
the	O
cross	O
-	O
sectional	O
serosurvey	O
,	O
we	O
tested	O
human	B-SPEC
serum	B-COMP
samples	O
obtained	O
from	O
healthy	O
individuals	O
older	O
than	O
15	O
years	O
who	O
attended	O
primary	O
health	O
-	O
care	O
centres	O
or	O
participated	O
in	O
a	O
national	O
burden	O
-	O
of	O
-	O
disease	O
study	O
in	O
all	O
13	O
provinces	O
of	O
Saudi	O
Arabia	O
.	O

Samples	O
were	O
screened	O
by	O
recombinant	O
ELISA	O
and	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
seropositivity	O
was	O
confirmed	O
by	O
recombinant	O
immunofluorescence	O
and	O
plaque	B-DISO
reduction	O
neutralisation	O
tests	O
.	O

The	O
mean	O
age	O
of	O
seropositive	O
individuals	O
was	O
significantly	O
younger	O
than	O
that	O
of	O
patients	O
with	O
reported	O
,	O
laboratory	O
-	O
confirmed	O
,	O
primary	O
Middle	O
Eastern	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
(	O
43	O
·	O
5	O
years	O
[	O
SD	O
17	O
·	O
3	O
]	O
vs	O
53	O
·	O
8	O
years	O
[	O
17	O
·	O
5	O
];	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
·	O
008	O
).	O

Seroprevalence	O
of	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
antibodies	B-COMP
was	O
significantly	O
higher	O
in	O
camel	B-SPEC
-	O
exposed	O
individuals	O
than	O
in	O
the	O
general	O
population	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Porcine	B-SPEC
epidemic	B-DISO
diarrhea	I-DISO
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
)	O
causes	O
severe	B-DISO
diarrhea	I-DISO
and	O
dehydration	B-DISO
in	O
suckling	O
pigs	B-SPEC
and	O
has	O
caused	O
high	O
rates	O
of	O
death	B-PROC
among	O
piglets	O
and	O
substantial	O
economic	O
loss	O
in	O
Vietnam	O
since	O
2009	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
recent	O
emergence	O
of	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
(	O
MERS	O
)	O
highlights	O
the	O
need	O
to	O
engineer	O
new	O
methods	O
for	O
expediting	O
vaccine	O
development	B-PROC
against	O
emerging	O
diseases	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Rescue	O
of	O
the	O
recombinant	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
with	O
the	O
ectodomain	O
region	O
of	O
H120	B-PRGE
spike	I-PRGE
glycoprotein	I-PRGE
].	O

A	O
syncytium	B-ANAT
was	O
not	O
observed	O
until	O
the	O
recombinant	O
virus	B-SPEC
had	O
passed	O
through	O
four	O
passages	O
.	O

Western	O
blot	O
analysis	O
of	O
rBeau	O
-	O
H120	O
(	O
S1	O
)-	O
infected	O
Vero	O
cell	O
lysates	O
demonstrated	O
that	O
the	O
nucleocapsid	B-PRGE
(	I-PRGE
N	I-PRGE
)	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
was	O
expressed	B-PROC
,	O
which	O
implied	O
that	O
rBeau	O
-	O
H120	O
(	O
S1	O
)	O
could	O
propagate	O
in	O
Vero	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
.	O

The	O
TCIDs0	O
and	O
EIDs0	O
data	O
demonstrated	O
that	O
the	O
titer	O
levels	O
of	O
rBeau	O
-	O
H120	O
(	O
S1	O
)	O
reached	O
10	O
(	O
590	O
+/-	O
0	O
.	O
22	O
)	O
TCID50	O
/	O
mL	O
and	O
10	O
(	O
6	O
.	O
13	O
+/-	O
0	O
.	O
23	O
)	O
EID50	O
/	O
mL	O
in	O
Vero	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
and	O
9	O
-	O
day	O
-	O
old	O
SPF	B-PRGE
chicken	I-PRGE
embryos	B-ANAT
,	O
respectively	O
.	O

Inoculation	O
provided	O
an	O
85	O
%	O
rate	O
of	O
immune	O
protection	O
against	O
a	O
challenge	O
of	O
the	O
virulent	O
IBV	B-SPEC
M41	O
strain	O
(	O
103EID50	O
/	O
chicken	B-SPEC
).	O

Here	O
we	O
optimized	O
the	O
doses	O
of	O
S377	O
-	O
588	O
-	O
Fc	O
using	O
MF59	O
as	O
an	O
adjuvant	B-CHED
in	O
order	B-SPEC
to	O
elicit	O
strong	O
immune	B-PROC
responses	I-PROC
with	O
minimal	O
amount	O
of	O
antigen	B-CHED
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Analysis	O
of	O
serious	O
respiratory	B-DISO
complications	I-DISO
in	O
PICU	B-SPEC
in	O
children	O
with	O
measles	B-PATH
].	O

Laryngitis	B-DISO
needed	O
long	O
time	O
to	O
cure	O
and	O
had	O
weaning	B-PROC
difficulties	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
case	O
associated	O
with	O
pleural	B-DISO
effusion	I-DISO
or	O
bronchopleural	B-DISO
fistula	I-DISO
must	O
be	O
treated	O
with	O
surgery	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
patients	O
easily	O
develop	O
secondary	O
bacterial	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
.	O

To	O
evaluate	O
clinical	O
features	O
,	O
lab	O
values	O
,	O
and	O
outcome	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
scrub	B-DISO
typhus	I-DISO
and	O
comparison	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
or	O
without	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

Among	O
24	O
Scrub	B-DISO
typhus	I-DISO
patients	O
with	O
ARDS	B-DISO
,	O
22	O
patients	O
recovered	O
,	O
and	O
2	O
patients	O
died	B-PROC
.	O

Early	O
diagnosis	O
and	O
treatment	O
with	O
doxycycline	B-CHED
can	O
prevent	O
the	O
occurrence	O
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Guillain	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
Barre	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
GBS	B-DISO
)	O
is	O
a	O
common	O
cause	O
of	O
acute	O
flaccid	B-DISO
paralysis	I-DISO
in	O
children	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Diffuse	O
parenchymal	O
lung	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
as	O
first	O
clinical	O
manifestation	O
of	O
GATA	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
deficiency	O
in	O
childhood	O
.	O

We	O
present	O
a	O
case	O
of	O
a	O
17	O
-	O
year	O
-	O
old	O
previously	O
healthy	O
Caucasian	O
male	O
who	O
was	O
admitted	O
to	O
the	O
hospital	O
with	O
fever	B-PROC
,	O
malaise	B-DISO
,	O
headache	B-DISO
,	I-DISO
cough	I-DISO
and	O
dyspnea	B-DISO
.	O

Lung	B-ANAT
tissue	I-ANAT
biopsy	O
revealed	O
chronic	O
reparative	O
and	O
resorptive	O
reaction	O
with	O
organizing	O
vasculitis	B-DISO
.	O

Within	O
a	O
short	O
time	O
period	O
,	O
confirmed	O
disease	O
was	O
present	O
on	O
multiple	O
sites	O
within	O
and	O
across	O
breeding	B-PROC
and	O
post	O
weaning	B-PROC
production	O
flows	O
of	O
the	O
operation	O
and	O
mortality	O
approached	O
100	O
%	O
in	O
neonatal	O
piglets	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Porcine	B-SPEC
epidemic	I-SPEC
diarrhea	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
),	O
a	O
highly	O
pathogenic	O
and	O
transmissible	O
virus	B-SPEC
in	O
swine	B-SPEC
,	O
was	O
first	O
detected	O
in	O
the	O
U	O
.	O
S	O
.	O
in	O
May	O
,	O
2013	O
,	O
and	O
has	O
caused	O
tremendous	O
losses	O
to	O
the	O
swine	B-SPEC
industry	O
.	O

Inactivated	O
adjuvanted	O
monovalent	O
vaccines	O
were	O
administered	O
intramuscularly	O
to	O
five	O
week	O
old	O
pigs	B-SPEC
in	O
a	O
dose	O
titration	O
experimental	O
design	O
,	O
ranging	O
from	O
6	O
.	O
0	O
-	O
8	O
.	O
0	O
log10	O
tissue	B-ANAT
culture	O
infective	O
dose	O
(	O
TCID50	O
/	O
mL	O
),	O
to	O
evaluate	O
immunogenicity	O
using	O
a	O
fluorescent	O
foci	O
neutralization	O
assay	O
(	O
FFN	O
),	O
fluorescent	O
microsphere	O
immunoassay	O
(	O
FMIA	O
),	O
and	O
enzyme	O
-	O
linked	O
immunosorbent	O
assay	O
(	O
ELISA	O
)	O
on	O
sera	B-COMP
.	O

Various	O
types	O
of	O
RMs	O
such	O
as	O
sustained	O
inflation	O
at	O
high	O
pressure	O
,	O
intermittent	O
sighs	B-DISO
and	O
stepwise	O
increases	O
of	O
PEEP	B-CHED
and	O
/	O
or	O
airway	B-ANAT
plateau	O
inspiratory	B-PROC
pressure	O
have	O
been	O
proposed	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Development	B-PROC
of	O
a	O
standardized	O
trauma	O
-	O
related	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
model	O
.	O

Given	O
the	O
invasiveness	O
and	O
the	O
ease	O
of	O
the	O
procedure	O
,	O
introduction	O
of	O
dual	O
-	O
lumen	B-ANAT
catheters	O
adequately	O
sized	O
for	O
pediatric	O
patients	O
in	O
Japan	O
is	O
required	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Acute	B-DISO
cor	I-DISO
pulmonale	I-DISO
(	O
ACP	B-DISO
)	O
and	O
patent	B-DISO
foramen	I-DISO
ovale	I-DISO
(	O
PFO	B-CHED
)	O
remain	O
common	O
in	O
patients	O
under	O
protective	O
ventilation	O
for	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
).	O

In	O
this	O
32	O
-	O
month	O
prospective	O
multicenter	O
study	O
,	O
195	O
patients	O
with	O
moderate	O
-	O
to	O
-	O
severe	O
ARDS	B-DISO
were	O
assessed	O
using	O
echocardiography	O
during	O
the	O
first	O
48	O
h	O
of	O
admission	O
(	O
age	O
:	O
56	O
(	O
SD	O
:	O
15	O
)	O
years	O
;	O
Simplified	O
Acute	O
Physiology	O
Score	O
:	O
46	O
(	O
17	O
);	O
PaO2	O
/	O
FiO2	O
:	O
115	O
(	O
39	O
);	O
VT	O
:	O
6	O
.	O
5	O
(	O
1	O
.	O
7	O
)	O
mL	O
/	O
kg	O
;	O
PEEP	B-CHED
:	O
11	O
(	O
3	O
)	O
cmH2O	O
;	O
driving	O
pressure	O
:	O
15	O
(	O
5	O
)	O
cmH2O	O
).	O

ACP	B-DISO
was	O
defined	O
by	O
the	O
association	O
of	O
right	O
ventricular	B-ANAT
(	O
RV	O
)	O
dilatation	B-DISO
and	O
systolic	O
paradoxical	O
ventricular	B-ANAT
septal	O
motion	O
.	O

Despite	O
elevated	O
sPAP	O
,	O
PFO	B-CHED
shunting	O
was	O
associated	O
with	O
preserved	O
RV	O
systolic	O
function	O
.	O

Within	O
24	O
hours	O
after	O
the	O
onset	O
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
,	O
the	O
changes	O
of	O
peripheral	O
circulating	O
Th17	O
and	O
Treg	B-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
frequencies	O
gradually	O
increased	O
from	O
mild	O
to	O
severe	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

At	O
baseline	O
,	O
48	O
patients	O
had	O
mild	O
to	O
severe	O
ARDS	B-DISO
according	O
to	O
Berlin	O
and	O
87	O
according	O
to	O
LIS	B-FUNC
(	O
Rs	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
54	O
,	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
001	O
).	O

The	O
day	O
-	O
by	O
-	O
day	O
Berlin	O
and	O
LIS	B-FUNC
categories	O
were	O
inversely	O
associated	O
with	O
albumin	B-PRGE
levels	O
(	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
01	O
,	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
001	O
)	O
and	O
directly	O
with	O
CRP	B-PRGE
levels	O
(	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
02	O
,	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
04	O
,	O
respectively	O
).	O

Low	O
albumin	B-PRGE
levels	O
had	O
monitoring	O
value	O
for	O
ARDS	B-DISO
severity	O
on	O
all	O
study	O
days	O
(	O
area	O
under	O
the	O
receiver	O
operating	O
characteristic	O
curve	O
,	O
AUROC	O
,	O
0	O
.	O
62	O
-	O
0	O
.	O
82	O
,	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
001	O
-	O
0	O
.	O
03	O
),	O
whereas	O
supranormal	O
CRP	B-PRGE
levels	O
performed	O
less	O
.	O

Phylogenetic	O
analysis	O
revealed	O
that	O
the	O
Malagasy	O
strains	O
belong	O
to	O
the	O
genus	B-SPEC
Betacoronavirus	B-SPEC
but	O
form	O
three	O
distinct	O
clusters	B-CHED
,	O
which	O
seem	O
to	O
represent	O
previously	O
undescribed	O
genetic	O
lineages	O
.	O

Our	O
nsp14	O
amino	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
sequence	O
typing	O
(	O
nsp14	O
aa	O
ST	O
)	O
showed	O
that	O
the	O
FCoV	O
clone	O
with	O
sequence	O
type	O
(	O
ST	O
)	O
42	O
,	O
which	O
was	O
the	O
most	O
predominant	O
genotype	O
of	O
WGS	O
strains	O
,	O
was	O
prevalent	O
in	O
domestic	B-SPEC
cats	I-SPEC
in	O
Japan	O
.	O

Furthermore	O
,	O
the	O
active	O
compound	O
c26	O
dose	O
-	O
dependently	O
inhibited	O
ERK	B-FUNC
phosphorylation	B-PROC
.	O

Meanwhile	O
,	O
compound	O
c26	O
reduced	O
the	O
LPS	B-DISO
-	O
induced	O
inflammatory	O
gene	B-PROC
expression	I-PROC
in	O
human	B-SPEC
pulmonary	B-ANAT
epithelial	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
.	O

Human	B-SPEC
rhinovirus	I-SPEC
(	O
HRV	O
)	O
A43	O
predominated	O
.	O

No	O
mixed	O
respiratory	B-DISO
virus	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
was	O
found	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Respiratory	O
viruses	B-SPEC
were	O
detected	O
in	O
61	O
.	O
3	O
%	O
of	O
the	O
subjects	O
,	O
most	O
of	O
whom	O
had	O
ARI	B-CHED
(	O
90	O
.	O
8	O
%,	O
OR	O
=	O
11	O
.	O
39	O
),	O
were	O
hospitalized	O
(	O
96	O
.	O
9	O
%,	O
OR	O
=	O
22	O
.	O
31	O
),	O
had	O
asthma	B-PATH
exacerbation	O
(	O
90	O
.	O
9	O
%,	O
OR	O
=	O
8	O
.	O
67	O
),	O
and	O
/	O
or	O
had	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
(	O
80	O
%,	O
OR	O
=	O
4	O
.	O
0	O
).	O

The	O
primary	O
goal	O
of	O
this	O
study	O
was	O
to	O
examine	O
the	O
incidence	O
and	O
extent	O
of	O
hypoxemia	O
in	O
intubated	O
trauma	O
patients	O
who	O
develop	O
early	O
ventilator	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
associated	I-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
(	O
VAP	O
)	O
secondary	O
to	O
HSB	O
.	O

Collected	O
variables	O
included	O
day	O
of	O
HSBP	O
diagnosis	O
;	O
PaO2	O
to	O
FIO2	O
ratio	O
(	O
P	O
:	O
F	O
)	O
at	O
HSBP	B-PRGE
diagnosis	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
HSBP	B-PRGE
day	O
three	O
and	O
HSBP	O
day	O
seven	O
;	O
injury	O
severity	O
score	O
(	O
ISS	B-DISO
)	O
and	O
its	O
component	O
parts	O
;	O
admission	O
Glasgow	O
Coma	O
Scale	O
(	O
GCS	O
)	O
score	O
;	O
and	O
mortality	O
.	O

Forty	O
-	O
three	O
percent	O
of	O
patients	O
had	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
on	O
HSBP	B-PRGE
day	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
;	O
this	O
decreased	O
to	O
26	O
%	O
on	O
day	O
three	O
and	O
to	O
30	O
%	O
on	O
day	O
seven	O
.	O

Patients	O
with	O
hypoxemia	O
were	O
significantly	O
less	O
likely	O
to	O
have	O
a	O
severe	O
head	B-ANAT
injury	O
(	O
GCS	O
<	O
9	O
),	O
p	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
.	O

In	O
summary	O
,	O
our	O
studies	O
revealed	O
that	O
heparan	B-CHED
sulfate	I-CHED
acts	O
as	O
the	O
attachment	O
factor	O
of	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
in	O
Vero	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
α2a	I-PRGE
or	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
β1a	I-PRGE
in	O
combination	O
with	O
ribavirin	B-CHED
to	O
treat	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
pneumonia	B-DISO
:	O
a	O
retrospective	O
study	O
.	O

We	O
retrospectively	O
analysed	O
32	O
patients	O
with	O
confirmed	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
infection	B-DISO
,	O
admitted	O
between	O
April	O
2014	O
and	O
June	O
2014	O
,	O
by	O
positive	O
respiratory	B-ANAT
sample	I-ANAT
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
.	O

Older	O
age	O
and	O
comorbid	O
conditions	O
may	O
have	O
contributed	O
to	O
the	O
lack	O
of	O
efficacy	O
of	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
α2a	I-PRGE
or	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
β1a	I-PRGE
with	O
ribavirin	B-CHED
in	O
treating	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
.	O
Absence	O
of	O
fever	B-PROC
should	O
not	O
exclude	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
.	O
RESULTS	O
:	O
The	O
overall	O
mortality	O
rate	O
was	O
69	O
%	O
(	O
22	O
/	O
32	O
).	O

Forty	O
1	O
-	O
day	O
-	O
old	O
boiler	O
chicks	O
were	O
weighed	O
and	O
randomly	O
divided	O
into	O
four	O
groups	O
,	O
10	O
birds	B-SPEC
in	O
each	O
group	O
:	O
(	O
i	O
)	O
control	O
group	O
fed	O
with	O
basal	O
diet	O
;	O
(	O
ii	O
)	O
DON	O
group	O
fed	O
with	O
basal	O
diet	O
artificially	O
contaminated	O
with	O
10	O
mg	O
DON	O
/	O
kg	O
feed	O
;	O
(	O
iii	O
)	O
DON	O
+	O
MFA	O
group	O
fed	O
with	O
basal	O
diet	O
contaminated	O
with	O
10	O
mg	O
DON	O
/	O
kg	O
feed	O
and	O
supplemented	O
with	O
2	O
.	O
5	O
kg	O
of	O
MFA	O
/	O
ton	O
feed	O
;	O
and	O
(	O
iv	O
)	O
MFA	O
group	O
fed	O
with	O
basal	O
diet	O
supplemented	O
with	O
2	O
.	O
5	O
kg	O
of	O
MFA	O
/	O
ton	O
feed	O
.	O

At	O
35	O
days	O
of	O
age	O
,	O
birds	B-SPEC
were	O
slaughtered	O
and	O
blood	B-ANAT
was	O
collected	O
for	O
investigating	O
the	O
antibody	B-COMP
titre	O
against	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
IBV	B-SPEC
)	O
and	O
clinical	O
chemical	O
parameters	O
.	O

The	O
results	O
showed	O
that	O
DON	O
reduced	O
(	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
032	O
)	O
the	O
titre	O
against	O
IBV	O
,	O
decreased	O
(	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
005	O
)	O
the	O
level	O
of	O
alanine	B-PRGE
transaminase	I-PRGE
(	O
ALT	B-FUNC
)	O
(	O
4	O
.	O
2	O
±	O
0	O
.	O
5	O
U	O
/	O
l	O
)	O
compared	O
with	O
control	O
birds	B-SPEC
(	O
6	O
.	O
4	O
±	O
0	O
.	O
5	O
U	O
/	O
l	O
),	O
increased	O
(	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
002	O
)	O
the	O
serum	B-COMP
cholesterol	B-CHED
concentration	O
(	O
144	O
±	O
6	O
mg	O
/	O
dl	O
)	O
compared	O
with	O
their	O
control	O
counterparts	O
(	O
123	O
±	O
5	O
mg	O
/	O
dl	O
)	O
and	O
increased	O
(	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
074	O
)	O
the	O
amount	O
of	O
circulating	O
triglycerides	B-CHED
(	O
62	O
.	O
25	O
±	O
7	O
.	O
50	O
mg	O
/	O
dl	O
)	O
compared	O
with	O
controls	O
(	O
39	O
.	O
55	O
±	O
4	O
.	O
74	O
).	O

Following	O
National	O
Institute	O
for	O
Health	O
Research	O
'	O
s	O
Research	O
Centre	O
(	O
London	O
,	O
United	O
Kingdom	B-SPEC
)	O
approval	O
,	O
the	O
authors	O
of	O
this	O
study	O
conducted	O
a	O
survey	O
of	O
specialist	O
registrars	O
'	O
knowledge	O
of	O
the	O
respiratory	O
and	O
skin	B-ANAT
protection	O
requirements	O
needed	O
during	O
a	O
resuscitation	O
scenario	O
with	O
Advanced	O
Life	O
Support	O
.	O

The	O
best	O
knowledge	O
of	O
PPE	B-CHED
requirements	O
(	O
76	O
%)	O
was	O
found	O
for	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
),	O
with	O
less	O
knowledge	O
about	O
PPE	B-CHED
requirements	O
for	O
anthrax	B-DISO
,	O
plague	B-DISO
,	O
Ebola	B-DISO
virus	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
(	O
EVD	O
),	O
and	O
smallpox	B-DISO
(	O
60	O
%).	O

The	O
information	O
settings	O
all	O
took	O
place	O
within	O
the	O
College	O
of	O
Nursing	B-PROC
,	O
Princess	O
Nourah	O
University	O
,	O
Kingdom	B-SPEC
of	O
Saudi	O
Arabia	O
.	O

The	O
results	O
showed	O
that	O
P6	O
can	O
promote	O
the	O
ubiquitin	B-PROC
-	O
dependent	O
proteosomal	O
degradation	O
of	O
Nmi	B-PRGE
.	O

The	O
antiviral	B-CHED
activity	O
was	O
confirmed	O
through	O
a	O
plaque	B-DISO
assay	O
where	O
viral	O
titer	O
reduction	O
was	O
observed	O
in	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
selected	O
compounds	O
.	O

The	O
delayed	O
and	O
/	O
or	O
lower	O
antibody	B-PROC
response	I-PROC
combined	O
with	O
lower	O
IgG	B-PRGE
avidity	O
indices	O
coincided	O
with	O
increased	O
tracheal	B-DISO
inflammation	I-DISO
and	O
depletion	O
of	O
tracheal	O
epithelia	O
cells	B-COMP
and	O
goblet	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
upon	O
IBV	B-SPEC
field	O
strain	O
challenge	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Use	O
of	O
ECMO	O
in	O
the	O
Management	O
of	O
Severe	O
Acute	B-DISO
Respiratory	I-DISO
Distress	I-DISO
Syndrome	I-DISO
:	O
A	O
Survey	O
of	O
Academic	O
Medical	O
Centers	O
in	O
the	O
United	O
States	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Tumor	B-DISO
lysis	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
is	O
a	O
serious	O
and	O
dangerous	O
complication	B-DISO
usually	O
associated	O
with	O
antiblastic	O
treatment	O
in	O
some	O
malignancies	B-DISO
characterized	O
by	O
high	O
cell	B-COMP
turn	O
-	O
over	O
.	O

Renal	B-ANAT
damage	O
can	O
be	O
followed	O
by	O
acute	B-DISO
renal	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
,	O
weight	O
gain	O
,	O
progressive	O
liver	B-ANAT
impairment	B-DISO
,	O
overproduction	O
of	O
cytokines	O
,	O
and	O
subsequent	O
maintenance	O
of	O
multi	O
-	O
organ	B-ANAT
damage	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Pyogranulomatous	O
panophthalmitis	B-DISO
with	O
systemic	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
disease	O
in	O
a	O
domestic	B-SPEC
ferret	I-SPEC
(	O
Mustela	B-SPEC
putorius	I-SPEC
furo	I-SPEC
).	O

Most	O
studies	O
showed	O
that	O
,	O
in	O
response	O
to	O
a	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
insult	O
,	O
increasing	O
age	O
is	O
associated	O
with	O
more	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
inflammation	I-DISO
,	O
edema	B-DISO
,	O
alveolar	B-ANAT
damage	O
,	O
and	O
higher	O
mortality	O
.	O

Therefore	O
,	O
we	O
analyzed	O
coagulation	B-PROC
-	O
related	O
parameters	O
,	O
need	O
for	O
transfusion	O
,	O
and	O
management	O
of	O
anticoagulation	B-PROC
in	O
adult	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
during	O
treatment	O
with	O
either	O
pumpless	O
interventional	O
lung	B-ANAT
assist	O
(	O
iLA	O
)	O
or	O
veno	O
-	O
venous	B-ANAT
ECMO	O
(	O
vv	O
-	O
ECMO	O
).	O

Platelet	B-ANAT
counts	O
in	O
ECMO	O
-	O
treated	O
patients	O
,	O
but	O
not	O
in	O
those	O
treated	O
with	O
iLA	B-PRGE
,	O
dropped	O
significantly	O
during	O
extracorporeal	O
support	O
.	O

A	O
more	O
intense	O
systemic	O
anticoagulation	B-PROC
with	O
a	O
mean	O
activated	B-PRGE
partial	I-PRGE
thromboplastin	I-PRGE
time	I-PRGE
(	O
aPTT	O
)	O
>	O
53	O
s	O
led	O
to	O
a	O
higher	O
need	O
for	O
transfusions	O
compared	O
with	O
the	O
group	O
with	O
a	O
mean	O
aPTT	O
<	O
53	O
s	O
,	O
whereas	O
the	O
average	O
durability	O
of	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenators	O
was	O
not	O
affected	O
.	O

Data	O
obtained	O
from	O
questionnaires	O
,	O
diaries	O
and	O
laboratory	O
tests	O
will	O
be	O
analysed	O
to	O
examine	O
whether	O
mask	O
use	O
significantly	O
reduces	O
the	O
frequency	O
of	O
laboratory	O
-	O
confirmed	O
respiratory	B-DISO
viral	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
and	O
syndromic	O
RTI	B-DISO
as	O
primary	O
outcomes	O
.	O

The	O
SOFA	O
showed	O
the	O
highest	O
sensitivity	O
and	O
area	O
under	O
the	O
curve	O
(	O
AUC	O
)	O
for	O
predicting	O
the	O
prognosis	O
of	O
patients	O
with	O
MODS	B-DISO
induced	O
by	O
acute	O
exacerbation	O
of	O
COPD	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
SOFA	O
score	O
,	O
determined	O
at	O
the	O
onset	O
of	O
MODS	B-DISO
in	O
elderly	O
patients	O
with	O
COPD	B-DISO
,	O
was	O
a	O
reliable	O
predictor	O
of	O
the	O
prognosis	O
.	O

We	O
evaluated	O
effects	O
of	O
prone	O
position	O
duration	O
and	O
protective	O
lung	B-ANAT
strategies	O
on	O
mortality	O
rates	O
in	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

Prone	O
positioning	O
for	O
ARDS	B-DISO
patients	O
should	O
be	O
prioritized	O
over	O
other	O
invasive	O
procedures	O
because	O
related	O
life	O
-	O
threatening	O
complications	O
are	O
rare	O
.	O

In	O
a	O
subgroup	O
analysis	O
,	O
the	O
mortality	O
rates	O
for	O
lung	B-ANAT
protective	O
ventilation	O
(	O
RR	O
0	O
.	O
73	O
,	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
,	O
0	O
.	O
62	O
-	O
0	O
.	O
86	O
,	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
0002	O
)	O
and	O
duration	O
of	O
prone	O
positioning	O
>	O
12	O
h	O
(	O
RR	O
0	O
.	O
75	O
,	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
,	O
0	O
.	O
65	O
-	O
0	O
.	O
87	O
,	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
0001	O
)	O
were	O
reduced	O
in	O
the	O
prone	O
position	O
.	O

Hospitals	O
have	O
implemented	O
measures	O
related	O
to	O
healthcare	O
-	O
associated	O
infections	B-DISO
.	O

A	O
strong	O
evidence	O
-	O
based	O
policy	O
framework	O
is	O
required	O
to	O
address	O
healthcare	O
-	O
associated	O
infectious	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
outbreaks	O
.	O

One	O
such	O
approach	O
(	O
the	O
Buxco	O
platform	O
)	O
performs	O
unrestrained	O
whole	B-ANAT
body	I-ANAT
plethysmography	O
on	O
mice	B-SPEC
which	O
infers	O
thoracic	B-DISO
movements	B-PROC
from	O
pressure	O
differences	O
from	O
the	O
act	O
of	O
inhalation	B-PROC
and	O
exhalation	B-PROC
.	O

We	O
provide	O
a	O
demonstration	O
of	O
the	O
features	O
of	O
plethy	O
using	O
a	O
dataset	O
assessing	O
the	O
respiratory	O
effects	O
over	O
time	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
and	O
Influenza	B-PATH
infection	B-DISO
in	O
mice	B-SPEC
.	O

The	O
patient	O
remained	O
in	O
a	O
comatose	B-DISO
state	O
with	O
no	O
signs	O
of	O
neurologic	O
recovery	O
until	O
he	O
died	B-PROC
few	O
weeks	O
later	O
following	O
an	O
increase	O
in	O
the	O
brain	B-DISO
edema	I-DISO
and	O
herniation	B-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
spike	O
(	O
S	O
)	O
protein	B-CHED
of	O
porcine	B-SPEC
hemagglutinating	O
encephalomyelitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
PHEV	O
)	O
may	O
mediate	O
infection	B-DISO
by	O
binding	B-FUNC
to	O
a	O
cellular	B-COMP
neural	B-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
adhesion	O
molecule	O
(	O
NCAM	O
).	O

The	O
distribution	O
of	O
respiratory	O
viruses	B-SPEC
was	O
hMPV	B-SPEC
:	O
15	O
(	O
5	O
.	O
3	O
%),	O
Boca	B-DISO
:	O
14	O
(	O
4	O
.	O
9	O
%),	O
WUV	O
:	O
10	O
(	O
3	O
.	O
5	O
%)	O
and	O
KIV	O
:	O
4	O
(	O
1	O
.	O
4	O
%).	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Of	O
the	O
735	O
patients	O
,	O
285	O
(	O
38	O
.	O
8	O
%)	O
were	O
diagnosed	O
with	O
viral	O
RTI	B-DISO
.	O

Flocks	O
were	O
classified	O
into	O
four	O
groups	O
according	O
to	O
their	O
IBV	B-SPEC
vaccination	O
programme	O
.	O

Groups	O
3	O
and	O
4	O
birds	B-SPEC
received	O
one	O
or	O
two	O
booster	O
vaccination	O
(	O
s	O
),	O
respectively	O
,	O
mostly	O
using	O
the	O
H120	O
vaccine	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Human	B-PRGE
coronavirus	I-PRGE
(	O
hCoV	O
)	O
HKU1	O
is	O
one	O
of	O
six	O
hCoVs	O
identified	O
to	O
date	O
and	O
the	O
only	O
one	O
with	O
an	O
unidentified	O
cellular	B-COMP
receptor	O
.	O

hCoV	O
-	O
HKU1	O
encodes	O
a	O
hemagglutinin	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
esterase	I-PRGE
(	O
HE	O
)	O
protein	B-CHED
that	O
is	O
unique	O
to	O
the	O
group	O
a	O
betacoronaviruses	O
(	O
group	O
2a	O
).	O

Pretreatment	O
of	O
RD	O
cells	B-COMP
with	O
neuraminidase	B-PRGE
(	O
NA	O
)	O
and	O
trypsin	B-PRGE
greatly	O
reduced	O
the	O
binding	B-FUNC
,	O
suggesting	O
that	O
the	O
binding	B-FUNC
was	O
mediated	O
by	O
sialic	B-CHED
acids	I-CHED
on	O
glycoproteins	B-CHED
.	O

However	O
,	O
unlike	O
other	O
group	O
2a	O
CoVs	O
,	O
e	O
.	O
g	O
.,	O
hCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
OC43	I-SPEC
,	O
for	O
which	O
9	O
-	O
O	B-CHED
-	I-CHED
acetylated	I-CHED
sialic	I-CHED
acid	I-CHED
(	O
9	O
-	O
O	O
-	O
Ac	O
-	O
Sia	B-SPEC
)	O
serves	O
as	O
a	O
receptor	O
determinant	O
,	O
HKU1	O
-	O
S1	O
bound	O
with	O
neither	O
9	O
-	O
O	O
-	O
Ac	O
-	O
Sia	O
-	O
containing	O
glycoprotein	B-CHED
(	O
s	O
)	O
nor	O
rat	B-SPEC
and	O
mouse	B-SPEC
erythrocytes	B-ANAT
.	O

Using	O
primary	O
human	B-SPEC
ciliated	O
airway	B-ANAT
epithelial	O
(	O
HAE	O
)	O
cell	B-COMP
cultures	O
,	O
the	O
only	O
in	O
vitro	O
replication	O
model	O
for	O
hCoV	O
-	O
HKU1	O
infection	B-DISO
,	O
we	O
confirmed	O
that	O
pretreatment	O
of	O
HAE	O
cells	B-COMP
with	O
HE	O
but	O
not	O
the	O
enzymatically	O
inactive	O
mutant	B-DISO
blocked	O
hCoV	O
-	O
HKU1	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

Among	O
the	O
six	O
hCoVs	O
identified	O
to	O
date	O
,	O
only	O
hCoV	O
-	O
HKU1	O
has	O
no	O
defined	O
cellular	B-COMP
receptor	O
.	O

Interestingly	O
,	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
seems	O
to	O
employ	O
a	O
type	O
of	O
sialic	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
different	O
from	O
those	O
employed	O
by	O
other	O
group	O
2a	O
CoVs	O
.	O

In	O
addition	O
,	O
we	O
determined	O
that	O
the	O
HKU1	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
HE	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
is	O
an	O
O	O
-	O
acetylesterase	B-ENZY
and	O
acts	O
as	O
a	O
receptor	O
-	O
destroying	O
enzyme	O
(	O
RDE	O
)	O
for	O
hCoV	O
-	O
HKU1	O
.	O

Identification	O
of	O
EBOV	O
VP35	O
inhibitors	B-CHED
requires	O
a	O
cellular	B-COMP
system	O
able	O
to	O
assess	O
the	O
VP35	O
-	O
based	O
inhibitory	O
functions	O
of	O
viral	O
double	O
-	O
stranded	O
RNA	O
(	O
dsRNA	B-CHED
)	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
β	I-PRGE
induction	O
.	O

This	O
assay	O
can	O
be	O
used	O
to	O
screen	O
for	O
EBOV	O
VP35	O
inhibitors	B-CHED
.	O

The	O
high	O
degree	O
of	O
homology	O
within	O
the	O
protease	O
'	O
s	O
active	O
site	O
and	O
substrate	O
conservation	O
supports	O
the	O
identification	O
of	O
broad	O
spectrum	O
lead	B-CHED
compounds	I-CHED
.	O

Molecular	O
dynamics	O
further	O
confirmed	O
ligand	B-PROC
stability	O
and	O
hydrogen	B-CHED
bonding	O
networks	O
.	O

Further	O
studies	O
reproduced	O
the	O
binding	B-FUNC
pose	O
of	O
16R	O
within	O
the	O
active	O
site	O
of	O
the	O
generated	O
model	O
,	O
where	O
its	O
free	O
energy	O
of	O
binding	B-FUNC
was	O
shown	O
to	O
equal	O
that	O
of	O
the	O
3CL	O
(	O
pro	B-CHED
)	O
of	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
,	O
a	O
receptor	O
it	O
is	O
experimentally	O
proven	O
to	O
inhibit	O
.	O

The	O
lead	O
compound	O
16R	O
may	O
represent	O
a	O
broad	O
-	O
spectrum	O
inhibitor	B-CHED
of	O
the	O
3CL	O
(	O
pro	B-CHED
)	O
of	O
OC43	O
and	O
potentially	O
other	O
coronaviruses	O
.	O

At	O
present	O
it	O
is	O
unknown	O
whether	O
the	O
risk	O
for	O
respiratory	O
disease	O
(	O
BRD	O
)	O
or	O
neonatal	B-DISO
calf	I-DISO
diarrhea	I-DISO
(	O
NCD	O
)	O
in	O
the	O
veal	O
herd	O
is	O
associated	O
with	O
total	O
immunoglobulin	B-PROC
(	O
Ig	O
)	O
and	O
/	O
or	O
on	O
the	O
serostatus	O
for	O
respiratory	O
pathogens	O
measured	O
at	O
arrival	O
.	O

Therefore	O
,	O
the	O
first	O
objective	O
of	O
this	O
prospective	O
longitudinal	O
cohort	O
study	O
was	O
to	O
determine	O
associations	O
between	O
serum	B-COMP
protein	B-CHED
fractions	O
as	O
determined	O
by	O
routine	O
electrophoresis	O
(	O
total	O
protein	B-CHED
,	O
albumin	B-PRGE
,	O
alpha	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
and	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
globulins	I-PRGE
,	O
beta	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
globulins	I-PRGE
and	O
Ig	O
'	O
s	O
)	O
at	O
arrival	O
and	O
BRD	O
and	O
NCD	O
in	O
the	O
first	O
3	O
weeks	O
of	O
the	O
production	O
cycle	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Comparative	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
of	O
US	O
porcine	B-SPEC
epidemic	I-SPEC
diarrhea	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
)	O
strain	O
PC21A	O
in	O
conventional	O
9	O
-	O
day	O
-	O
old	O
nursing	O
piglets	O
vs	O
.	O
26	O
-	O
day	O
-	O
old	O
weaned	B-PROC
pigs	B-SPEC
.	O

Pigs	B-SPEC
were	O
monitored	O
for	O
clinical	O
signs	O
and	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
RNA	O
titers	O
in	O
feces	B-ANAT
and	O
serum	B-COMP
.	O

Biologic	O
mediators	O
that	O
promote	O
crypt	B-ANAT
stem	B-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
regeneration	B-PROC
would	O
be	O
targets	O
to	O
improve	O
the	O
intestinal	B-ANAT
epithelium	I-ANAT
renewal	O
during	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
.	O

Pigs	B-SPEC
S1	O
and	O
S2	O
were	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
-	O
positive	O
within	O
24	O
hours	O
of	O
commingling	O
.	O

All	O
N	O
/	O
C	O
pigs	B-SPEC
were	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
PCR	O
-	O
positive	O
by	O
D52	O
with	O
detection	O
out	O
to	O
D62	O
in	O
3	O
/	O
5	O
N	O
/	O
C	O
pigs	B-SPEC
.	O

Homologous	O
re	O
-	O
challenge	O
49	O
days	O
post	O
initial	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
exposure	O
did	O
not	O
result	O
in	O
re	O
-	O
infection	B-DISO
of	O
the	O
pigs	B-SPEC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Outbreak	O
of	O
Influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
(	O
H1N1	O
)	O
in	O
a	O
Kidney	B-ANAT
Transplant	I-ANAT
Unit	O
-	O
Protective	O
Effect	O
of	O
Vaccination	O
.	O

Influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
(	O
H1N1	O
)	O
had	O
a	O
high	O
mortality	O
in	O
our	O
cohort	O
of	O
nonvaccinated	O
immunosuppressed	O
patients	O
early	O
after	O
kidney	B-ANAT
transplantation	O
.	O

To	O
accelerate	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
3	O
CL	O
(	O
pro	B-CHED
)	O
inhibitors	B-CHED
,	O
three	O
crystal	B-ANAT
structures	O
of	O
a	O
catalytically	O
inactive	O
variant	O
(	O
C148A	O
)	O
of	O
the	O
MERS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
3	I-PRGE
CL	I-PRGE
(	I-PRGE
pro	I-PRGE
)	I-PRGE
enzyme	I-PRGE
were	O
determined	O
.	O

Viral	O
RNA	O
,	O
histopathological	O
changes	O
,	O
and	O
viral	O
nucleoprotein	O
were	O
observed	O
in	O
the	O
lung	B-ANAT
,	O
trachea	B-DISO
and	O
sinus	B-DISO
of	O
all	O
inoculated	O
mice	B-SPEC
.	O

Here	O
,	O
we	O
report	O
the	O
full	O
-	O
length	O
genome	O
sequence	O
of	O
the	O
prototype	O
strain	O
CB	O
/	O
05	O
,	O
which	O
showed	O
that	O
this	O
virus	B-SPEC
is	O
genetically	O
similar	O
to	O
CCoV	O
-	O
IIa	O
viruses	B-SPEC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Differential	O
Effects	O
of	O
Endotracheal	O
Suctioning	O
on	O
Gas	B-ENZY
Exchanges	O
in	O
Patients	O
with	O
Acute	B-DISO
Respiratory	I-DISO
Failure	I-DISO
under	O
Pressure	O
-	O
Controlled	O
and	O
Volume	O
-	O
Controlled	O
Ventilation	O
.	O

On	O
the	O
other	O
hand	O
,	O
inactivated	O
vaccines	O
induce	O
a	O
weaker	O
immune	B-PROC
response	I-PROC
and	O
may	O
require	O
multiple	O
dosing	O
and	O
/	O
or	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
adjuvants	B-CHED
that	O
probably	O
have	O
potential	O
safety	O
risks	O
and	O
increased	O
economic	O
burdens	O
.	O

The	O
authors	O
conducted	O
a	O
study	O
to	O
examine	O
this	O
phenomenon	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
early	O
phase	O
of	O
moderate	O
to	O
severe	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Hypertonic	O
Saline	O
(	O
NaCl	B-CHED
7	O
.	O
5	O
%)	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
is	O
the	O
most	O
severe	O
lung	B-ANAT
inflammatory	O
manifestation	O
and	O
has	O
no	O
effective	O
therapy	O
nowadays	O
.	O

Sepsis	B-DISO
is	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
main	O
illnesses	O
among	O
ARDS	B-DISO
causes	O
.	O

Thus	O
,	O
we	O
evaluated	O
the	O
effect	O
of	O
hypertonic	O
saline	O
in	O
the	O
treatment	O
of	O
LPS	B-DISO
-	O
induced	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
patient	O
eventually	O
recovered	O
,	O
and	O
he	O
was	O
discharged	O
after	O
receiving	O
antibiotics	B-CHED
and	O
other	O
treatments	O
to	O
enhance	O
immunity	B-PROC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Muscle	B-ANAT
pain	I-DISO
,	O
fever	B-PROC
,	O
cough	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
progressive	O
dyspnea	B-DISO
in	O
a	O
woman	O
with	O
eosinophilic	B-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
.	O

A	O
roundworm	B-DISO
identified	O
in	O
the	O
patient	O
'	O
s	O
stool	B-ANAT
confirmed	O
the	O
precise	O
diagnosis	O
to	O
be	O
parasitic	O
EP	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Psychological	B-DISO
autopsy	O
and	O
necropsy	O
of	O
an	O
unusual	O
case	O
of	O
suicide	O
by	O
intravenous	O
toluene	B-CHED
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Toluene	O
(	O
methylbenzene	B-CHED
;	O
volatile	O
hydrocarbon	B-CHED
)	O
is	O
an	O
industrial	O
solvent	B-CHED
that	O
causes	O
major	O
injury	O
to	O
the	O
lungs	B-ANAT
;	O
the	O
organ	B-ANAT
being	O
the	O
first	O
capillary	B-ANAT
bed	I-ANAT
encountered	O
.	O

Psychological	B-DISO
autopsy	O
revealed	O
severe	O
depressive	B-DISO
disorder	I-DISO
and	O
solvent	B-CHED
(	O
inhalant	O
)	O
abuse	B-DISO
,	O
with	O
marital	O
disharmony	O
as	O
the	O
precipitating	O
stressor	O
for	O
suicide	O
.	O

Relevant	O
literature	O
of	O
toluene	B-CHED
poisoning	O
was	O
identified	O
via	O
PubMed	O
,	O
PubChem	O
,	O
ToxNet	O
,	O
Hazardous	O
Substances	O
Data	O
Bank	O
(	O
HSDB	B-DISO
),	O
Embase	O
,	O
and	O
PsycINFO	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Polytetrafluoroethylene	B-CHED
fume	O
-	O
induced	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
edema	I-DISO
:	O
a	O
case	O
report	O
and	O
review	O
of	O
the	O
literature	O
.	O

He	O
had	O
left	O
a	O
polytetrafluoroethylene	B-CHED
-	O
coated	O
pan	B-COMP
on	O
a	O
gas	B-ENZY
-	O
burning	B-DISO
stove	O
for	O
10	O
hours	O
while	O
unconscious	O
.	O

Pathophysiological	O
and	O
radiological	O
features	O
were	O
consistent	O
with	O
the	O
exudative	O
phase	O
of	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Development	B-PROC
of	O
a	O
real	O
-	O
time	O
reverse	B-PROC
transcription	I-PROC
loop	O
-	O
mediated	O
isothermal	O
amplification	B-DISO
method	O
for	O
the	O
rapid	O
detection	O
of	O
porcine	O
epidemic	O
diarrhea	O
virus	O
.	O

The	O
objective	O
of	O
this	O
study	O
is	O
to	O
develop	O
a	O
rapid	O
,	O
sensitive	O
,	O
and	O
real	O
-	O
time	O
reverse	B-PROC
transcription	I-PROC
loop	O
-	O
mediated	O
isothermal	O
amplification	B-DISO
(	O
RT	O
-	O
LAMP	O
)	O
method	O
for	O
the	O
detection	O
of	O
porcine	B-SPEC
epidemic	I-SPEC
diarrhea	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
)	O
in	O
less	O
equipped	O
laboratories	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
The	O
optimal	O
reaction	O
condition	B-DISO
of	O
the	O
current	O
real	O
-	O
time	O
RT	O
-	O
LAMP	O
for	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
was	O
62	O
°	O
C	O
for	O
45	O
min	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Transcriptome	O
Profiling	O
of	O
the	O
Virus	B-SPEC
-	O
Induced	O
Innate	B-DISO
Immune	I-DISO
Response	I-DISO
in	O
Pteropus	B-SPEC
vampyrus	I-SPEC
and	O
Its	O
Attenuation	O
by	O
Nipah	O
Virus	O
Interferon	O
Antagonist	B-PROC
Functions	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Bats	B-SPEC
are	O
important	O
reservoirs	O
for	O
several	O
viruses	B-SPEC
,	O
many	O
of	O
which	O
cause	O
lethal	O
infections	B-DISO
in	O
humans	B-SPEC
but	O
have	O
reduced	O
pathogenicity	O
in	O
bats	B-SPEC
.	O

As	O
the	O
innate	B-DISO
immune	I-DISO
response	I-DISO
is	O
critical	O
for	O
controlling	O
viruses	B-SPEC
,	O
the	O
nature	O
of	O
this	O
response	O
in	O
bats	B-SPEC
and	O
how	O
it	O
may	O
differ	O
from	O
that	O
in	O
other	O
mammals	B-SPEC
are	O
of	O
great	O
interest	O
.	O

NDV	B-SPEC
-	O
infected	O
cells	B-COMP
also	O
upregulated	O
several	O
genes	O
not	O
previously	O
characterized	O
to	O
be	O
antiviral	B-CHED
,	O
such	O
as	O
RND1	B-PRGE
,	O
SERTAD1	B-PRGE
,	O
CHAC1	B-PRGE
,	O
and	O
MORC3	B-PRGE
.	O

In	O
fact	O
,	O
we	O
show	O
that	O
MORC3	B-PRGE
is	O
induced	O
by	O
both	O
IFN	B-PRGE
and	O
NDV	B-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
in	O
PVK	B-CHED
cells	B-COMP
but	O
is	O
not	O
induced	O
by	O
either	O
stimulus	O
in	O
human	B-SPEC
A549	O
cells	B-COMP
.	O

Despite	O
their	O
ecological	O
importance	O
to	O
viral	O
maintenance	O
,	O
research	O
into	O
their	O
immune	B-ANAT
system	I-ANAT
and	O
mechanisms	O
for	O
viral	O
control	O
has	O
only	O
recently	O
begun	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Combined	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
fibrosis	I-DISO
and	O
emphysema	B-DISO
(	O
CPFE	O
):	O
an	O
entity	O
different	O
from	O
emphysema	B-DISO
or	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
fibrosis	I-DISO
alone	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
there	O
is	O
an	O
increasing	O
recognition	O
of	O
the	O
coexistence	O
of	O
emphysema	B-DISO
and	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
fibrosis	I-DISO
in	O
individuals	O
.	O

The	O
association	O
was	O
first	O
described	O
as	O
a	O
syndrome	B-DISO
by	O
Cottin	O
in	O
2005	O
,	O
named	O
""""	O
combined	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
fibrosis	I-DISO
and	O
emphysema	B-DISO
(	O
CPFE	O
")"","	O
which	O
is	O
characterized	O
by	O
exertional	B-DISO
dyspnea	I-DISO
,	O
upper	O
-	O
lobe	B-ANAT
emphysema	B-DISO
and	O
lower	O
-	O
lobe	B-ANAT
fibrosis	B-DISO
,	O
preserved	O
lung	B-PROC
volume	I-PROC
and	O
severely	O
diminished	O
capacity	O
of	O
gas	B-ENZY
exchange	O
.	O

Although	O
several	O
vaccines	O
against	O
these	O
viruses	B-SPEC
are	O
commercially	O
available	O
there	O
is	O
room	O
for	O
improvement	O
,	O
especially	O
in	O
the	O
case	O
of	O
PRRSV	B-SPEC
.	O

Primary	O
assay	O
results	O
are	O
archived	O
at	O
the	O
GEO	O
and	O
PeptideAtlas	O
public	O
repositories	O
,	O
while	O
processed	O
statistical	O
results	O
together	O
with	O
standardized	O
metadata	O
are	O
publically	O
available	O
at	O
the	O
Influenza	O
Research	O
Database	O
(	O
www	O
.	O
fludb	O
.	O
org	O
)	O
and	O
the	O
Virus	B-SPEC
Pathogen	O
Resource	O
(	O
www	O
.	O
viprbrc	O
.	O
org	O
).	O

When	O
a	O
functional	O
ORF3	O
gene	O
was	O
restored	O
,	O
the	O
recombinant	O
virus	B-SPEC
could	O
not	O
be	O
rescued	O
,	O
suggesting	O
that	O
ORF3	O
could	O
suppress	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
replication	O
in	O
vitro	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
A	O
total	O
of	O
1838	O
patients	O
with	O
ARDS	B-DISO
were	O
identified	O
and	O
open	O
lung	B-ANAT
biopsies	O
were	O
performed	O
on	O
101	O
patients	O
(	O
5	O
.	O
5	O
%)	O
during	O
the	O
study	O
period	O
.	O

We	O
investigated	O
the	O
S1	B-PRGE
glycoprotein	I-PRGE
of	O
24	O
recent	O
IBV	B-SPEC
isolates	O
from	O
chickens	B-SPEC
and	O
demonstrated	O
that	O
two	O
predominant	O
genetic	O
groups	O
were	O
circulating	O
in	O
southern	O
Thailand	O
between	O
2008	O
and	O
2013	O
.	O

Furthermore	O
,	O
native	O
chickens	B-SPEC
may	O
contribute	O
to	O
the	O
epidemiology	O
of	O
IB	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Acute	O
concentrated	O
phenol	B-CHED
dermal	O
burns	O
:	O
Complications	O
and	O
management	O
.	O

Patient	O
also	O
developed	O
pleural	B-DISO
effusion	I-DISO
and	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
,	O
but	O
these	O
were	O
successfully	O
managed	O
by	O
intercostal	O
drain	O
tube	O
insertion	O
and	O
noninvasive	O
ventilation	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Mixed	O
viral	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
circulating	O
in	O
hospitalized	O
patients	O
with	O
respiratory	B-ANAT
tract	I-ANAT
infections	I-DISO
in	O
kuwait	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
and	O
the	O
role	O
of	O
histones	O
.	O

It	O
is	O
possible	O
that	O
extracellular	B-COMP
histones	O
were	O
derived	O
from	O
formation	B-PROC
of	O
neutrophil	B-ANAT
extracellular	B-COMP
traps	B-DISO
(	O
NETs	O
)	O
in	O
lung	B-ANAT
after	O
PMN	B-PROC
contact	O
with	O
C5a	B-PRGE
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Coyotes	O
(	O
Canis	B-SPEC
latrans	I-SPEC
)	O
have	O
expanded	O
recently	O
into	O
the	O
eastern	O
US	O
and	O
can	O
serve	O
as	O
a	O
source	O
of	O
pathogens	O
to	O
domestic	O
dogs	B-SPEC
(	O
Canis	B-SPEC
lupus	I-SPEC
familiaris	I-SPEC
),	O
livestock	O
,	O
and	O
humans	B-SPEC
.	O

Our	O
results	O
showed	O
that	O
coyotes	B-SPEC
harbor	O
many	O
common	O
pathogens	O
that	O
present	O
health	O
risks	O
to	O
humans	O
and	O
domestic	O
animals	B-SPEC
and	O
suggest	O
that	O
continued	O
monitoring	O
of	O
the	O
coyote	B-SPEC
'	O
s	O
role	O
in	O
pathogen	B-DISO
transmission	I-DISO
is	O
warranted	O
.	O

A	O
significant	O
rise	O
in	O
syphilis	B-DISO
cases	O
has	O
prompted	O
recommendations	O
for	O
increased	O
prenatal	O
screening	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Virus	O
-	O
host	B-COMP
cell	I-COMP
interactions	O
are	O
most	O
commonly	O
analyzed	O
in	O
cells	B-COMP
maintained	O
in	O
vitro	O
as	O
two	O
-	O
dimensional	O
tissue	B-ANAT
cultures	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Extracorporeal	O
Treatment	O
for	O
Salicylate	B-CHED
Poisoning	O
:	O
Systematic	O
Review	O
and	O
Recommendations	O
From	O
the	O
EXTRIP	O
Workgroup	O
.	O

Extracorporeal	O
treatment	O
is	O
also	O
suggested	O
for	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
acidemia	B-DISO
(	O
pH	O
≤	O
7	O
.	O
20	O
in	O
the	O
absence	O
of	O
other	O
indications	O
)	O
(	O
2D	O
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Bleb	B-ANAT
point	O
:	O
mimicker	O
of	O
pneumothorax	B-DISO
in	O
bullous	B-DISO
lung	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Camels	O
carry	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
,	O
but	O
little	O
is	O
known	O
about	O
infection	B-DISO
age	O
or	O
prevalence	O
.	O

With	O
fatality	O
rates	O
of	O
nearly	O
50	O
%-	O
90	O
%,	O
it	O
has	O
claimed	O
,	O
as	O
of	O
11	O
April	O
2015	O
,	O
10	O
,	O
619	O
human	B-SPEC
lives	O
out	O
of	O
a	O
total	O
of	O
25	O
,	O
626	O
cases	O
reported	O
worldwide	O
.	O

This	O
review	O
describes	O
the	O
salient	O
properties	O
of	O
EBOV	O
and	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
novel	O
diagnostics	O
,	O
vaccines	O
,	O
and	O
control	O
strategies	O
for	O
this	O
emerging	O
disease	O
of	O
high	O
public	O
health	O
concern	O
and	O
international	O
emergency	B-DISO
.	O

In	O
total	O
,	O
64	O
United	O
Kingdom	B-SPEC
(	O
UK	O
)	O
residents	O
were	O
successfully	O
contacted	O
,	O
14	O
of	O
whom	O
were	O
sat	O
in	O
the	O
priority	O
area	O
two	O
seats	O
all	O
around	O
the	O
case	O
(	O
s	O
).	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Viral	O
lower	B-ANAT
respiratory	I-ANAT
tract	I-ANAT
infections	I-DISO
(	O
LRTIs	O
)	O
are	O
an	O
underappreciated	O
cause	O
of	O
critical	B-DISO
illness	I-DISO
in	O
adults	O
.	O

Recent	O
advances	O
in	O
viral	O
detection	O
techniques	O
over	O
the	O
past	O
decade	O
have	O
demonstrated	O
viral	O
LRTIs	O
are	O
associated	O
with	O
rates	O
of	O
morbidity	O
,	O
mortality	O
,	O
and	O
health	O
care	O
utilization	O
comparable	O
to	O
those	O
of	O
seen	O
with	O
bacterial	O
community	O
acquired	O
and	O
nosocomial	B-DISO
pneumonias	I-DISO
.	O

In	O
this	O
review	O
,	O
we	O
describe	O
the	O
relationship	O
between	O
viral	O
LRTIs	O
and	O
critical	B-DISO
illness	I-DISO
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
discuss	O
relevant	O
clinical	O
features	O
and	O
management	O
strategies	O
for	O
the	O
more	O
prevalent	O
respiratory	O
viral	O
pathogens	O
.	O

Several	O
MRV3	O
isolates	O
were	O
obtained	O
from	O
chloroform	O
-	O
extracted	O
pig	B-SPEC
feces	B-ANAT
or	O
blood	B-ANAT
meal	O
in	O
cell	B-COMP
cultures	O
or	O
developing	O
chicken	B-SPEC
embryos	B-ANAT
.	O

Within	O
two	O
weeks	O
,	O
she	O
had	O
near	O
-	O
complete	O
bilateral	O
wrist	B-ANAT
and	O
foot	B-DISO
drop	I-DISO
.	O

Magnetic	O
resonance	O
imaging	O
of	O
lumbosacral	O
and	O
cervical	O
spine	O
showed	O
tumor	B-DISO
-	O
like	O
masses	O
mistaken	O
for	O
neurofibromatosis	B-DISO
(	O
axial	O
diameter	O
,	O
7	O
.	O
5	O
-	O
10	O
mm	O
).	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Severe	O
adenovirus	O
infection	O
in	O
children	O
can	O
manifest	O
with	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
and	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
,	O
leading	O
to	O
the	O
need	O
for	O
prolonged	O
mechanical	O
support	O
in	O
the	O
form	O
of	O
either	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
or	O
extracorporeal	O
life	O
support	O
.	O

Early	O
extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenation	B-PROC
(	O
ECMO	O
)	O
intervention	O
for	O
children	O
with	O
ARDS	B-DISO
should	O
be	O
considered	O
if	O
selection	O
criteria	O
fulfill	O
.	O

Real	O
-	O
time	O
polymerase	O
chain	O
reaction	O
tests	O
of	O
sputum	B-ANAT
and	O
pleural	B-DISO
effusion	I-DISO
samples	O
confirmed	O
adenovirus	B-DISO
serotype	O
7	O
.	O

Because	O
conventional	O
ARDS	B-DISO
therapies	O
failed	O
,	O
we	O
initiated	O
ECMO	O
with	O
high	O
-	O
frequency	O
oscillatory	O
ventilation	O
(	O
HFOV	O
)	O
for	O
9	O
days	O
.	O

Chest	B-ANAT
x	O
-	O
rays	B-SPEC
showed	O
gradual	O
improvements	O
in	O
lung	B-ANAT
expansion	O
.	O

The	O
unique	O
lung	B-ANAT
recruitment	B-DISO
by	O
HFOV	O
can	O
be	O
a	O
useful	O
therapeutic	O
option	O
for	O
severe	O
ARDS	B-DISO
patients	O
when	O
combined	O
with	O
sufficient	O
lung	B-ANAT
rest	B-FUNC
provided	O
by	O
ECMO	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Bats	B-SPEC
as	O
reservoirs	O
of	O
severe	O
emerging	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
.	O

Now	O
we	O
know	O
that	O
many	O
of	O
these	O
terrible	O
diseases	O
are	O
caused	O
by	O
viruses	B-SPEC
originated	O
from	O
bats	B-SPEC
(	O
Table	O
1	O
),	O
such	O
as	O
Ebola	O
virus	B-SPEC
,	I-SPEC
Marburg	I-SPEC
,	O
SARS	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
),	O
MERS	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
),	O
Nipah	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
NiV	O
)	O
and	O
Hendra	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
HeV	B-SPEC
).	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
present	O
study	O
aimed	O
to	O
investigate	O
the	O
effect	O
of	O
supplemental	O
genistein	O
(	O
an	O
isoflavonoid	B-CHED
)	O
on	O
performance	O
,	O
lymphoid	B-ANAT
organs	I-ANAT
'	O
development	B-PROC
,	O
and	O
cellular	B-COMP
and	O
humoral	B-PROC
immune	I-PROC
responses	I-PROC
in	O
broiler	O
chicks	O
.	O

The	O
best	O
(	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
)	O
feed	O
conversion	O
ratio	O
assigned	O
to	O
the	O
birds	B-SPEC
fed	O
on	O
diets	O
containing	O
antibiotics	B-CHED
and	O
moderate	O
levels	O
(	O
40	O
to	O
80	O
mg	O
/	O
kg	O
)	O
of	O
genistein	B-CHED
.	O

Epidural	B-ANAT
analgesia	B-DISO
is	O
standard	O
of	O
care	O
for	O
patients	O
undergoing	O
thoracotomy	O
.	O

The	O
infusion	O
was	O
started	O
thereafter	O
,	O
which	O
provided	O
excellent	O
analgesia	B-DISO
and	O
facilitated	O
an	O
uneventful	O
recovery	O
.	O

Our	O
study	O
identified	O
some	O
prenatal	O
,	O
perinatal	O
and	O
postnatal	O
conditions	O
proving	O
to	O
be	O
relevant	O
and	O
independent	O
risk	O
factors	O
for	O
hospitalization	O
for	O
bronchiolitis	B-DISO
during	O
the	O
first	O
year	O
of	O
life	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Phage	O
display	O
for	O
identifying	O
peptides	B-CHED
that	O
bind	B-FUNC
the	O
spike	O
protein	B-CHED
of	O
transmissible	O
gastroenteritis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
and	O
possess	B-DISO
diagnostic	O
potential	O
.	O

In	O
the	O
current	O
study	O
,	O
we	O
used	O
the	O
rS	O
-	O
AD	O
as	O
an	O
immobilized	O
target	O
to	O
identify	O
peptides	B-CHED
from	O
a	O
phage	O
-	O
display	O
library	O
with	O
application	O
for	O
diagnosis	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Toll	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
like	I-PRGE
receptors	I-PRGE
(	O
TLRs	O
)	O
are	O
sensors	O
that	O
recognize	O
molecular	O
patterns	O
from	O
viruses	B-SPEC
,	O
bacteria	B-SPEC
,	O
and	O
fungi	B-SPEC
to	O
initiate	O
innate	B-DISO
immune	I-DISO
responses	I-DISO
to	O
invading	O
pathogens	O
.	O

Toll	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
like	I-PRGE
receptors	I-PRGE
are	O
a	O
family	B-SPEC
of	O
sensor	O
proteins	B-CHED
that	O
enable	O
the	O
immune	B-ANAT
system	I-ANAT
to	O
differentiate	O
between	O
""""	O
self	O
""""	O
and	O
""""	O
non	O
-	O
self	O
.	O

These	O
data	O
should	O
inform	O
the	O
design	O
and	O
use	O
of	O
TLR	O
agonists	B-CHED
and	O
antagonists	B-CHED
in	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
-	O
specific	O
vaccine	O
and	O
antiviral	B-CHED
strategies	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Septic	B-DISO
encephalopathy	I-DISO
(	O
SE	B-DISO
)	O
is	O
the	O
most	O
common	O
acute	B-DISO
encephalopathy	I-DISO
in	O
ICU	O
;	O
however	O
,	O
little	O
attention	O
has	O
been	O
focused	O
on	O
risk	O
of	O
SE	B-DISO
in	O
the	O
course	O
of	O
acute	B-DISO
stroke	I-DISO
.	O

Of	O
94	O
stroke	B-DISO
patients	O
with	O
NC	O
,	O
46	O
(	O
49	O
%)	O
had	O
NC	O
with	O
SE	O
and	O
48	O
(	O
51	O
%)	O
had	O
NC	O
without	O
SE	O
.	O

There	O
was	O
a	O
significant	O
difference	O
in	O
body	B-ANAT
temperature	O
,	O
heart	B-ANAT
rate	O
,	O
respiratory	O
rate	O
,	O
white	B-ANAT
blood	I-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
(	O
WBC	B-ANAT
),	O
systolic	O
blood	B-PROC
pressure	I-PROC
(	O
SBP	O
),	O
diastolic	O
blood	B-PROC
pressure	I-PROC
(	O
DBP	B-CHED
),	O
systemic	B-DISO
inflammatory	I-DISO
response	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SIRS	B-DISO
),	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
,	O
septic	B-DISO
shock	I-DISO
,	O
hypernatremia	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
sequential	O
organ	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
assessment	O
(	O
SOFA	O
)	O
score	O
between	O
the	O
SE	O
and	O
non	O
-	O
SE	O
group	O
(	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
).	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Of	O
94	O
stroke	B-DISO
patients	O
with	O
NC	O
,	O
46	O
(	O
49	O
%)	O
had	O
NC	O
with	O
SE	O
and	O
48	O
(	O
51	O
%)	O
had	O
NC	O
without	O
SE	O
.	O

In	O
February	O
-	O
March	O
2013	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
children	O
protected	O
by	O
antibodies	B-COMP
against	O
influenza	B-DISO
decreased	O
,	O
and	O
circulation	O
of	O
influenza	B-SPEC
viruses	I-SPEC
A	O
/	O
H3N2	B-CHED
and	O
A	O
/	O
H1N1	O
/	O
pdm09	O
was	O
detected	O
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
The	O
fraction	O
of	O
viruses	B-SPEC
in	O
etiologic	O
structure	O
ofARI	O
in	O
children	O
varies	O
depending	O
on	O
immune	O
layer	B-ANAT
,	O
season	O
and	O
age	O
of	O
children	O
.	O

We	O
tested	O
a	O
recombinant	O
modified	O
vaccinia	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
Ankara	O
(	O
MVA	B-CHED
)	O
vaccine	O
expressing	O
full	O
-	O
length	O
MERS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
spike	I-PRGE
(	I-PRGE
S	I-PRGE
)	I-PRGE
glycoprotein	I-PRGE
by	O
immunizing	O
BALB	O
/	O
c	O
mice	B-SPEC
with	O
either	O
intramuscular	O
or	O
subcutaneous	O
regimens	O
.	O

Supine	O
and	O
upright	O
vital	B-PROC
capacities	I-PROC
were	O
not	O
different	O
(	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
76	O
),	O
suggesting	O
absence	O
of	O
diaphragmatic	B-ANAT
dysfunction	O
.	O

Compared	O
to	O
controls	O
,	O
patients	O
with	O
respiratory	B-DISO
dysfunction	I-DISO
had	O
higher	O
values	O
for	O
the	O
Walton	O
and	O
Gardner	O
-	O
Medwin	O
score	O
(	O
6	O
.	O
1	O
±	O
1	O
.	O
9	O
vs	O
.	O
3	O
.	O
2	O
±	O
1	O
.	O
2	O
;	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
0001	O
)	O
and	O
body	B-ANAT
mass	O
index	O
(	O
26	O
.	O
9	O
±	O
6	O
.	O
0	O
vs	O
.	O
22	O
.	O
9	O
±	O
4	O
.	O
0	O
kg	O
/	O
m	O
(	O
2	O
);	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
003	O
)	O
and	O
a	O
smaller	O
number	O
of	O
D4Z4	O
allele	O
repeats	O
(	O
4	O
.	O
8	O
±	O
1	O
.	O
6	O
vs	O
.	O
5	O
.	O
7	O
±	O
1	O
.	O
8	O
;	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
).	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Tissue	B-PRGE
factor	I-PRGE
(	O
TF	O
)	O
and	O
tissue	B-PRGE
factor	I-PRGE
pathway	B-PROC
inhibitor	B-CHED
(	O
TFPI	B-PRGE
)	O
play	O
a	O
central	O
role	O
in	O
the	O
endothelial	B-ANAT
permeability	O
regulation	B-PROC
and	O
dysfunction	O
,	O
which	O
is	O
associated	O
with	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
sepsis	B-DISO
and	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
/	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ALI	O
/	O
ARDS	B-DISO
).	O

In	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
the	O
complete	O
genomes	O
of	O
three	O
Vietnamese	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
isolates	O
were	O
characterized	O
.	O

These	O
three	O
isolates	O
were	O
isolated	O
from	O
3	O
-	O
day	O
-	O
old	O
pigs	B-SPEC
experiencing	O
diarrhea	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
results	O
suggest	O
that	O
Vietnamese	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
isolates	O
are	O
new	O
variants	O
,	O
as	O
evidenced	O
by	O
their	O
genetic	O
composition	O
of	O
insertions	O
and	O
a	O
deletion	O
in	O
the	O
spike	O
gene	O
,	O
and	O
they	O
might	O
have	O
originated	O
from	O
the	O
same	O
ancestor	O
as	O
the	O
Chinese	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
strain	O
.	O

The	O
effects	O
of	O
SHED	O
-	O
CM	O
on	O
macrophage	B-PROC
differentiation	I-PROC
in	O
vitro	O
were	O
also	O
assessed	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Impact	O
of	O
statin	B-PRGE
therapy	O
on	O
mortality	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
sepsis	B-DISO
-	O
associated	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
depends	O
on	O
ARDS	B-DISO
severity	O
:	O
a	O
prospective	O
observational	O
cohort	O
study	O
.	O

The	O
distribution	O
of	O
the	O
ARDS	B-DISO
subgroups	O
was	O
13	O
%,	O
59	O
%,	O
and	O
28	O
%	O
for	O
mild	O
,	O
moderate	O
,	O
and	O
severe	O
disease	O
,	O
respectively	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
This	O
study	O
aimed	O
to	O
investigate	O
the	O
effectiveness	O
of	O
a	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
surveillance	O
protocol	O
in	O
the	O
Emergency	B-DISO
Department	O
(	O
ED	O
)	O
at	O
Hamad	O
General	O
Hospital	O
.	O

Once	O
identified	O
,	O
patients	O
were	O
isolated	O
,	O
had	O
a	O
chest	B-ANAT
roentgenogram	O
[	O
chest	B-ANAT
radiography	O
(	O
CXR	O
)]	O
taken	O
,	O
and	O
a	O
nasopharyngeal	B-ANAT
swab	I-ANAT
for	O
polymerase	O
chain	O
reaction	O
(	O
PCR	O
)	O
was	O
sent	O
with	O
sputum	O
samples	O
for	O
testing	O
.	O

The	O
protocol	O
also	O
increased	O
the	O
efficiency	O
of	O
ED	O
and	O
cut	O
the	O
turnaround	O
time	O
for	O
nasopharyngeal	B-ANAT
swab	I-ANAT
and	O
sputum	B-ANAT
results	O
from	O
3	O
days	O
to	O
1	O
day	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
The	O
protocol	O
successfully	O
reduced	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
patients	O
who	O
needed	O
to	O
be	O
tested	O
for	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
from	O
12	O
,	O
563	O
to	O
514	O
,	O
identified	O
seven	O
positive	O
cases	O
,	O
and	O
did	O
not	O
lead	O
to	O
apparent	O
cross	O
infectivity	O
that	O
resulted	O
in	O
serious	O
illness	O
or	O
death	B-PROC
.	O

The	O
protocol	O
also	O
increased	O
the	O
efficiency	O
of	O
ED	O
and	O
cut	O
the	O
turnaround	O
time	O
for	O
nasopharyngeal	B-ANAT
swab	I-ANAT
and	O
sputum	B-ANAT
results	O
from	O
3	O
days	O
to	O
1	O
day	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Despite	O
the	O
widespread	O
use	O
of	O
noninvasive	O
ventilation	O
in	O
children	O
and	O
in	O
children	O
with	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
and	O
pediatric	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
,	O
there	O
are	O
few	O
scientific	O
data	O
on	O
the	O
utility	O
of	O
this	O
therapy	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Ventilatory	O
support	O
in	O
children	O
with	O
pediatric	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
:	O
proceedings	O
from	O
the	O
Pediatric	O
Acute	O
Lung	O
Injury	O
Consensus	O
Conference	O
.	O

The	O
Pediatric	O
Acute	O
Lung	B-ANAT
Injury	O
Consensus	O
Conference	O
experts	O
developed	O
and	O
voted	O
on	O
a	O
total	O
of	O
27	O
recommendations	O
focused	O
on	O
the	O
optimal	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
approach	O
of	O
the	O
patient	O
with	O
pediatric	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

If	O
clinical	O
pediatric	O
data	O
were	O
sparse	O
or	O
unavailable	O
,	O
the	O
findings	O
from	O
studies	O
of	O
adult	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
and	O
animal	B-SPEC
models	O
that	O
might	O
be	O
relevant	O
to	O
pediatric	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
were	O
examined	O
.	O

Tissue	B-ANAT
binding	B-FUNC
profiles	O
of	O
avian	B-SPEC
viral	O
attachment	O
proteins	B-CHED
were	O
studied	O
by	O
performing	O
histochemistry	O
on	O
multi	O
-	O
species	B-SPEC
TMA	B-CHED
,	O
comprising	O
of	O
selected	O
tissues	B-ANAT
from	O
ten	O
avian	B-SPEC
species	B-SPEC
,	O
and	O
single	O
-	O
species	B-SPEC
TMAs	O
,	O
grouping	O
organ	B-ANAT
systems	I-ANAT
of	O
each	O
species	B-SPEC
together	O
.	O

By	O
applying	O
this	O
method	O
to	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
,	O
the	O
11	O
canonical	O
cleavage	B-PROC
sites	O
were	O
readily	O
identified	O
and	O
verified	O
by	O
the	O
biochemical	O
assays	O
.	O

Although	O
the	O
epidemic	O
was	O
eventually	O
controlled	O
through	O
the	O
implementation	O
of	O
strict	O
quarantine	O
measures	O
,	O
there	O
continues	O
a	O
need	O
to	O
investigate	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
and	O
develop	O
interventions	O
should	O
it	O
re	O
-	O
emerge	O
.	O

In	O
contrast	O
,	O
there	O
is	O
little	O
data	O
on	O
the	O
kinetics	O
of	O
T	B-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
responses	O
during	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
CoV	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
and	O
little	O
is	O
known	O
about	O
their	O
role	O
in	O
the	O
recovery	O
process	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
identify	O
host	B-COMP
factors	O
relevant	O
for	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
-	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
replication	O
,	O
we	O
performed	O
a	O
small	O
interfering	O
RNA	O
(	O
siRNA	O
)	O
library	O
screen	O
targeting	B-PROC
the	O
human	B-SPEC
kinome	O
.	O

Therefore	O
,	O
as	O
a	O
proof	O
of	O
principle	O
,	O
the	O
current	O
results	O
indicate	O
that	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
2	O
'-	O
O	O
-	O
MTase	B-PRGE
activity	O
can	O
be	O
targeted	B-PROC
in	O
vitro	O
and	O
in	O
vivo	O
.	O

Our	O
further	O
analysis	O
established	O
that	O
this	O
subunit	O
is	O
essential	O
for	O
replication	O
of	O
this	O
prototypic	O
arterivirus	B-SPEC
.	O

Trimodality	O
therapy	O
utilizing	O
concurrent	O
carboplatin	B-CHED
/	O
paclitaxel	B-CHED
with	O
North	O
American	O
radiotherapy	O
doses	O
appeared	O
to	O
have	O
similar	O
pathologic	O
complete	O
response	O
rates	O
compared	O
with	O
the	O
CROSS	O
trial	O
,	O
but	O
may	O
be	O
associated	O
with	O
higher	O
toxicity	O
.	O

Following	O
the	O
detection	O
of	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
in	O
transfected	O
MDCK	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
after	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
challenge	O
,	O
we	O
clearly	O
demonstrated	O
that	O
the	O
SPC	O
subdomain	O
plays	O
a	O
key	O
role	O
in	O
cell	B-COMP
entry	O
of	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
and	O
its	O
expression	B-PROC
permits	B-SPEC
PEDV	B-SPEC
growth	B-PROC
in	O
transfected	O
MDCK	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
,	O
while	O
virus	B-SPEC
propagation	O
can	O
be	O
inhibited	O
by	O
anti	O
-	O
SPC	O
serum	O
,	O
indicating	O
that	O
the	O
SPC	O
subdomain	O
appears	O
to	O
be	O
a	O
crucial	O
functional	O
domain	O
in	O
contributing	O
to	O
efficient	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
.	O

Computed	O
tomography	O
(	O
CT	O
)	O
of	O
the	O
brain	B-ANAT
revealed	O
a	O
well	O
-	O
defined	O
contrast	O
-	O
enhancing	O
lesion	O
on	O
the	O
rostral	O
forebrain	B-ANAT
that	O
appeared	O
extraparenchymal	O
.	O

This	O
is	O
the	O
first	O
case	O
of	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
granuloma	B-DISO
described	O
on	O
CT	O
-	O
scan	O
in	O
the	O
central	O
nervous	O
system	O
of	O
a	O
ferret	B-SPEC
.	O

In	O
the	O
case	O
of	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
NL63	I-SPEC
the	O
activity	O
was	O
highly	O
promising	O
with	O
an	O
EC50	O
<	O
10	O
μM	O
and	O
a	O
CC50	O
>	O
100	O
μM	O
.	O
As	O
such	O
,	O
these	O
doubly	O
flexible	O
nucleoside	B-CHED
analogues	I-CHED
are	O
viewed	O
as	O
a	O
novel	O
new	O
class	B-SPEC
of	O
drug	O
candidates	O
with	O
potential	O
for	O
potent	O
inhibition	B-PROC
of	O
coronaviruses	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
could	O
mutate	B-PROC
to	O
have	O
increased	O
interhuman	O
transmissibility	O
,	O
increasing	O
its	O
pandemic	O
potential	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
A	O
Sweet	B-PROC
Spot	B-SPEC
for	O
Molecular	O
Diagnostics	O
:	O
Coupling	O
Isothermal	O
Amplification	B-DISO
and	O
Strand	O
Exchange	O
Circuits	O
to	O
Glucometers	O
.	O

The	O
most	O
prevalent	O
bacteria	B-SPEC
were	O
MRSA	B-DISO
and	O
Klebsiella	B-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
genetic	O
diversity	O
,	O
evolution	O
,	O
distribution	O
,	O
and	O
taxonomy	O
of	O
some	O
coronaviruses	O
dominant	O
in	O
birds	B-SPEC
other	O
than	O
chickens	B-SPEC
remain	O
enigmatic	O
.	O

The	O
viral	B-COMP
genome	I-COMP
harbors	O
a	O
tandem	O
repeat	O
which	O
is	O
rare	O
in	O
vertebrate	B-SPEC
RNA	O
viruses	B-SPEC
.	O

The	O
channel	B-FUNC
activity	I-FUNC
and	O
structure	O
of	O
some	O
representative	O
members	O
of	O
these	O
viroporins	O
have	O
been	O
recently	O
characterized	O
in	O
some	O
detail	O
.	O

Herein	O
,	O
we	O
review	O
the	O
literature	O
that	O
links	O
C5a	B-PRGE
and	O
ALI	O
,	O
and	O
review	O
our	O
understanding	O
of	O
the	O
mechanisms	O
by	O
which	O
C5a	O
affects	O
ALI	O
during	O
highly	O
pathogenic	O
viral	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
.	O

In	O
particular	O
,	O
we	O
discuss	O
the	O
potential	O
of	O
the	O
blockade	O
of	O
C5a	B-PRGE
signaling	B-PROC
to	O
treat	O
ALI	O
induced	O
by	O
highly	O
pathogenic	O
viruses	B-SPEC
.	O

In	O
addition	O
,	O
tougher	O
regulations	O
on	O
close	O
contacts	O
of	O
confirmed	O
patients	O
and	O
suspected	O
cases	O
are	O
introduced	O
in	O
this	O
new	O
Plan	B-DISO
.	O

Avian	B-SPEC
coronaviruses	O
are	O
economically	O
important	O
viruses	B-SPEC
for	O
the	O
poultry	O
industry	O
.	O

While	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
IBV	B-SPEC
),	O
a	O
respiratory	O
pathogen	O
of	O
chickens	B-SPEC
,	O
is	O
rather	O
well	O
known	O
,	O
other	O
viruses	B-SPEC
of	O
the	O
genus	B-SPEC
Gammacoronavirus	B-SPEC
,	O
including	O
those	O
causing	O
enteric	O
disease	O
,	O
are	O
hardly	O
studied	O
.	O

Further	O
comparative	O
pathology	B-DISO
study	O
indicated	O
that	O
the	O
FL2013	O
strain	O
had	O
reduced	O
virulence	B-PROC
to	O
newborn	O
piglets	O
.	O

Other	O
viruses	B-SPEC
were	O
also	O
investigated	O
in	O
this	O
study	O
with	O
the	O
first	O
report	O
of	O
PCV	B-CHED
,	O
PAdV	O
and	O
lineage	O
I	O
G5	O
RVA	O
in	O
Ireland	O
.	O

Some	O
specimens	O
contained	O
>	O
1	O
virus	B-SPEC
,	O
with	O
statistical	O
analysis	O
indicating	O
a	O
strong	O
correlation	O
for	O
mixed	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
of	O
PBoV	O
and	O
PAdV	O
on	O
this	O
farm	O
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
Investigating	O
the	O
diversity	O
of	O
circulating	O
enteric	O
viruses	B-SPEC
on	O
Irish	O
porcine	B-SPEC
farms	O
is	O
important	O
to	O
improve	O
the	O
prophylactic	O
tools	O
available	O
and	O
to	O
facilitate	O
the	O
early	O
detection	O
of	O
changes	O
in	O
circulating	O
viruses	B-SPEC
.	O

The	O
median	O
Sequential	O
Organ	B-DISO
Failure	I-DISO
Assessment	O
score	O
was	O
12	O
.	O
0	O
(	O
8	O
.	O
8	O
-	O
15	O
.	O
0	O
),	O
and	O
the	O
median	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
score	O
was	O
3	O
.	O
3	O
(	O
3	O
.	O
3	O
-	O
3	O
.	O
7	O
).	O

Furthermore	O
,	O
the	O
multivariate	O
logistic	O
regression	O
analysis	O
suggests	O
that	O
the	O
necessity	O
of	O
renal	B-ANAT
replacement	O
therapy	O
prior	O
to	O
extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenation	B-PROC
insertion	O
was	O
an	O
independent	O
risk	O
factor	O
for	O
mortality	O
(	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
,	O
0	O
.	O
77	O
-	O
0	O
.	O
88	O
;	O
p	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
001	O
).	O

However	O
,	O
the	O
necessity	O
of	O
renal	B-ANAT
replacement	O
therapy	O
during	O
extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenation	B-PROC
support	O
was	O
not	O
an	O
independent	O
risk	O
factor	O
for	O
mortality	O
in	O
these	O
patients	O
(	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
37	O
).	O

Such	O
a	O
model	O
could	O
be	O
utilized	O
in	O
evaluating	O
and	O
developing	O
better	O
treatment	O
for	O
ALI	O
or	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
),	O
as	O
other	O
available	O
rodent	B-SPEC
models	O
do	O
not	O
consistently	O
produce	O
the	O
endothelial	B-ANAT
permeability	O
that	O
is	O
a	O
major	O
component	O
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

Recently	O
,	O
we	O
showed	O
that	O
LeTx	O
inactivation	B-DISO
of	O
p38	B-PRGE
MAP	B-ENZY
kinase	I-ENZY
signaling	B-PROC
via	O
degradation	O
of	O
MKK3	O
in	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
vascular	B-ANAT
endothelial	I-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
can	O
be	O
linked	O
to	O
compromise	O
of	O
the	O
endothelial	B-ANAT
permeability	O
barrier	O
.	O

We	O
have	O
now	O
designed	O
a	O
peptide	B-CHED
that	O
directly	O
and	O
specifically	O
activates	O
MK2	B-PRGE
,	O
causing	O
HSP27	B-PRGE
phosphorylation	B-PROC
in	O
cells	B-COMP
and	O
in	O
vivo	O
.	O

MVs	O
derived	O
from	O
human	B-SPEC
MSCs	B-FUNC
were	O
as	O
effective	O
as	O
the	O
parent	O
stem	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
in	O
severe	O
bacterial	B-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
.	O

We	O
conducted	O
a	O
retrospective	O
review	O
of	O
all	O
cases	O
of	O
CoV	O
infection	B-DISO
documented	O
by	O
polymerase	O
chain	O
reaction	O
,	O
(	O
PCR	O
)-	O
based	O
testing	O
on	O
nasopharyngeal	B-ANAT
and	O
bronchoalveolar	B-ANAT
lavage	I-ANAT
fluid	I-ANAT
samples	O
between	O
June	O
2010	O
and	O
2013	O
.	O

No	O
infectious	B-DISO
PEDV	B-SPEC
was	O
recovered	O
after	O
treatment	O
with	O
evaluated	O
disinfectants	B-CHED
.	O

Critical	B-DISO
illness	I-DISO
causes	O
long	O
-	O
term	O
psychological	B-DISO
and	O
function	O
sequelae	O
:	O
the	O
risk	O
of	O
a	O
new	O
psychiatric	B-DISO
diagnosis	I-DISO
and	O
severe	O
physical	B-DISO
impairment	I-DISO
is	O
significantly	O
increased	O
in	O
the	O
months	O
after	O
discharge	B-ANAT
from	O
the	O
intensive	O
care	O
unit	O
.	O

Daily	O
sedation	B-DISO
discontinuation	O
enhances	O
the	O
validity	O
of	O
routine	O
delirium	B-DISO
assessment	O
.	O

Integrating	O
""""	O
big	O
data	O
""""	O
approaches	O
into	O
treatment	O
decisions	O
and	O
trial	O
designs	O
offers	O
a	O
potential	O
means	O
of	O
individualizing	O
care	O
to	O
enhance	O
outcomes	O
for	O
critically	B-DISO
ill	I-DISO
patients	O
.	O

The	O
purpose	O
of	O
this	O
study	O
was	O
to	O
investigate	O
whether	O
common	O
variants	O
across	O
the	O
nuclear	B-PRGE
factor	I-PRGE
erythroid	I-PRGE
2	O
-	O
like	O
2	O
(	O
NFE2L2	B-PRGE
)	O
gene	O
contribute	O
to	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
the	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	B-DISO
sepsis	I-DISO
.	O

One	O
of	O
those	O
SNPs	O
(	O
rs672961	O
)	O
was	O
previously	O
associated	O
with	O
trauma	O
-	O
induced	O
ARDS	B-DISO
and	O
modified	O
the	O
promoter	O
activity	O
of	O
the	O
NFE2L2	B-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
,	O
showing	O
an	O
odds	O
ratio	O
of	O
1	O
.	O
93	O
per	O
T	O
allele	O
(	O
95	O
%	O
confidence	O
interval	O
,	O
1	O
.	O
17	O
-	O
3	O
.	O
18	O
;	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
0089	O
).	O

Cases	O
were	O
children	O
aged	O
≤	O
5	O
years	O
with	O
radiological	O
CAP	B-DISO
.	O

A	O
total	O
of	O
121	O
cases	O
,	O
of	O
which	O
93	O
cases	O
met	O
the	O
WHO	O
criteria	O
for	O
radiological	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
240	O
controls	O
were	O
included	O
in	O
the	O
study	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Public	O
health	O
in	O
Canada	O
:	O
Evolution	B-PROC
,	O
meaning	O
and	O
a	O
new	O
paradigm	O
for	O
respiratory	O
therapy	O
.	O

Of	O
these	O
patients	O
,	O
22	O
(	O
31	O
.	O
9	O
%)	O
had	O
undergone	O
cardiothoracic	O
surgery	O
,	O
32	O
(	O
46	O
.	O
4	O
%)	O
had	O
undergone	O
liver	B-ANAT
transplantation	O
,	O
and	O
15	O
(	O
21	O
.	O
7	O
%)	O
had	O
undergone	O
other	O
procedures	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
in	O
Upper	B-ANAT
Respiratory	I-ANAT
Tract	I-ANAT
and	O
Lungs	B-ANAT
of	O
Dromedary	B-SPEC
Camels	B-SPEC
,	O
Saudi	O
Arabia	O
,	O
2013	O
-	O
2014	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Sickle	B-DISO
cell	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
,	O
the	O
most	O
common	O
inherited	O
hemoglobinopathy	O
in	O
the	O
United	O
States	O
,	O
is	O
a	O
group	O
of	O
autosomal	B-COMP
recessive	O
red	B-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
disorders	O
resulting	O
from	O
hemoglobin	B-PRGE
S	I-PRGE
.	O
Hemoglobin	B-PRGE
S	O
forms	O
rigid	B-DISO
polymers	B-CHED
when	O
deoxygenated	O
that	O
give	O
red	B-ANAT
blood	I-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
their	O
sickle	O
crescent	O
shape	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Advances	O
in	O
the	O
researches	O
of	O
genomic	O
characterization	O
and	O
molecular	O
detection	O
of	O
Middel	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
].	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Middle	O
east	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
was	O
recently	O
identified	O
as	O
a	O
novel	O
human	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
known	O
to	O
infect	O
human	B-SPEC
with	O
high	O
mortality	O
.	O

There	O
are	O
also	O
serious	O
infectious	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
classically	O
considered	O
zoonotic	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
influenza	B-DISO
,	O
rabies	B-DISO
,	O
bubonic	B-DISO
plague	I-DISO
,	O
brucellosis	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
leptospirosis	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Identification	O
of	O
the	O
Receptor	O
-	O
Binding	B-FUNC
Domain	O
of	O
the	O
Spike	O
Glycoprotein	B-CHED
of	O
Human	B-SPEC
Betacoronavirus	B-SPEC
HKU1	I-PRGE
.	O

To	O
identify	O
the	O
receptor	O
-	O
binding	B-FUNC
domain	O
in	O
the	O
spike	O
of	O
human	B-PRGE
β	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
HKU1	I-PRGE
in	O
group	O
A	O
,	O
we	O
generated	O
and	O
mapped	O
a	O
panel	O
of	O
monoclonal	O
antibodies	B-COMP
(	O
MAbs	O
)	O
to	O
the	O
ectodomain	O
of	O
HKU1	B-PRGE
spike	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
.	O

Preincubation	O
of	O
HTBE	O
cells	B-COMP
with	O
a	O
truncated	O
HKU1	B-PRGE
S	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
that	O
includes	O
the	O
C	O
domain	O
blocked	O
infection	B-DISO
with	O
HKU1	O
virus	B-SPEC
,	O
but	O
preincubation	O
of	O
cells	B-COMP
with	O
truncated	B-PRGE
S	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
containing	O
only	O
the	O
NTD	O
did	O
not	O
block	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

In	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
we	O
showed	O
that	O
for	O
the	O
spike	O
protein	B-CHED
of	O
HKU1	O
,	O
the	O
purified	O
C	O
domain	O
,	O
downstream	O
of	O
the	O
NTD	O
,	O
could	O
block	O
HKU1	O
virus	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
of	O
human	B-SPEC
respiratory	O
epithelial	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
,	O
and	O
that	O
several	O
monoclonal	O
antibodies	B-COMP
that	O
mapped	O
to	O
the	O
C	O
domain	O
neutralized	O
virus	B-SPEC
infectivity	O
.	O

Surprisingly	O
,	O
two	O
β	O
-	O
CoVs	O
in	O
group	O
A	O
,	O
mouse	B-DISO
hepatitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
and	O
HKU1	O
,	O
have	O
evolved	O
to	O
use	O
different	O
regions	O
of	O
their	O
spike	O
glycoproteins	B-CHED
to	O
recognize	O
their	O
respective	O
receptors	O
.	O

Mutational	O
analysis	O
of	O
N	O
protein	B-CHED
allowed	O
us	O
to	O
find	O
out	O
the	O
critical	O
residues	O
for	O
the	O
VSR	O
activity	O
.	O

Using	O
the	O
MHV	B-SPEC
-	O
A59	O
as	O
the	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
replication	O
model	O
,	O
we	O
showed	O
that	O
ectopic	B-PROC
expression	I-PROC
of	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
N	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
could	O
promote	O
MHV	B-SPEC
replication	O
in	O
RNAi	B-PROC
-	O
active	O
cells	B-COMP
but	O
not	O
in	O
RNAi	B-PROC
-	O
depleted	O
cells	B-COMP
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Respiratory	B-DISO
Infections	I-DISO
in	O
the	O
U	O
.	O
S	O
.	O
Military	O
:	O
Recent	O
Experience	O
and	O
Control	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
This	O
comprehensive	O
review	O
outlines	O
the	O
impact	O
of	O
military	O
-	O
relevant	O
respiratory	O
infections	O
,	O
with	O
special	O
attention	O
to	O
recruit	O
training	O
environments	O
,	O
influenza	B-DISO
pandemics	O
in	O
1918	O
to	O
1919	O
and	O
2009	O
to	O
2010	O
,	O
and	O
peacetime	O
operations	O
and	O
conflicts	O
in	O
the	O
past	O
25	O
years	O
.	O

Outbreaks	O
and	O
epidemiologic	O
investigations	O
of	O
viral	O
and	O
bacterial	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
among	O
high	O
-	O
risk	O
groups	O
are	O
presented	O
,	O
including	O
(	O
i	O
)	O
experience	O
by	O
recruits	O
at	O
training	O
centers	O
,	O
(	O
ii	O
)	O
impact	O
on	O
advanced	O
trainees	O
in	O
special	O
settings	O
,	O
(	O
iii	O
)	O
morbidity	O
sustained	O
by	O
shipboard	O
personnel	O
at	O
sea	O
,	O
and	O
(	O
iv	O
)	O
experience	O
of	O
deployed	O
personnel	O
.	O

We	O
also	O
outline	O
military	O
-	O
specific	O
initiatives	O
in	O
(	O
i	O
)	O
surveillance	O
,	O
(	O
ii	O
)	O
vaccine	O
development	O
and	O
policy	O
,	O
(	O
iii	O
)	O
novel	O
influenza	B-DISO
and	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
diagnostic	O
test	O
development	B-PROC
and	O
surveillance	O
methods	O
,	O
(	O
iv	O
)	O
influenza	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
transmission	O
and	O
severity	O
prediction	O
modeling	O
efforts	O
,	O
and	O
(	O
v	O
)	O
evaluation	O
and	O
implementation	O
of	O
nonvaccine	O
,	O
nonpharmacologic	O
interventions	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
there	O
is	O
no	O
information	O
about	O
whether	O
the	O
severity	O
of	O
acute	O
-	O
HCA	O
or	O
intra	O
-	O
amniotic	B-ANAT
inflammation	B-DISO
(	O
IAI	O
)	O
is	O
associated	O
with	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
RDS	O
.	O

We	O
then	O
examined	O
the	O
effects	O
of	O
these	O
inhibitors	O
on	O
the	O
activation	O
of	O
collagen	B-PRGE
I	I-PRGE
and	O
α	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
smooth	I-PRGE
muscle	I-PRGE
actin	I-PRGE
(	O
α	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
SMA	I-PRGE
)	O
induced	O
by	O
PDGF	B-FUNC
or	O
TGFβ1	O
stimulation	O
.	O

To	O
profile	O
the	O
viruses	B-SPEC
causing	O
ARI	B-CHED
in	O
children	O
admitted	O
to	O
a	O
community	O
-	O
based	O
hospital	O
in	O
central	O
Taiwan	O
,	O
a	O
cross	O
-	O
sectional	O
study	O
was	O
conducted	O
on	O
children	O
under	O
14	O
years	O
of	O
age	O
that	O
were	O
hospitalized	O
with	O
febrile	B-PROC
ARI	B-CHED
.	O

In	O
conclusion	O
,	O
Rhinovirus	B-SPEC
/	O
enterovirus	B-SPEC
,	O
respiratory	B-SPEC
syncytial	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
,	O
and	O
adenovirus	B-DISO
were	O
prevalent	O
in	O
this	O
study	O
by	O
adopting	O
RVP	O
assay	O
.	O

Both	O
cases	O
were	O
similar	O
in	O
terms	O
of	O
starting	O
symptoms	O
,	O
the	O
rapid	O
progression	O
to	O
ARDS	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
the	O
treatment	O
strategy	O
,	O
direct	O
hemoperfusion	O
with	O
a	O
polymyxin	B-CHED
-	O
B	O
-	O
immobilized	O
fiber	B-ANAT
column	B-ANAT
(	O
PMX	O
-	O
DHP	O
)	O
and	O
oseltamivir	B-CHED
.	O

He	O
died	B-PROC
of	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
on	O
day	O
129	O
.	O

Pathology	B-DISO
findings	O
of	O
the	O
lungs	B-ANAT
during	O
autopsy	O
showed	O
diffuse	B-DISO
alveolar	I-DISO
damage	I-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Rodent	B-SPEC
-	O
borne	O
hantaviruses	B-SPEC
(	O
family	B-SPEC
Bunyaviridae	I-SPEC
,	O
genus	B-SPEC
Hantavirus	I-SPEC
)	O
cause	O
hantavirus	B-DISO
pulmonary	B-ANAT
syndrome	I-DISO
in	O
the	O
Americas	O
and	O
hemorrhagic	B-DISO
fever	I-DISO
with	I-DISO
renal	B-ANAT
syndrome	I-DISO
in	O
Europe	O
and	O
Asia	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Genetic	B-PROC
drift	I-PROC
of	O
human	B-PRGE
coronavirus	I-PRGE
OC43	I-PRGE
spike	I-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
during	O
adaptive	O
evolution	B-PROC
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
As	O
a	O
single	O
biological	B-CHED
marker	I-CHED
,	O
the	O
prognostic	O
value	O
for	O
death	B-PROC
of	O
plasma	B-PRGE
suPAR	I-PRGE
in	O
ARDS	B-DISO
patients	O
is	O
low	O
.	O

PEDV	B-SPEC
outbreaks	O
have	O
occurred	O
continuously	O
in	O
most	O
swine	B-SPEC
-	O
producing	O
Asian	O
countries	O
and	O
have	O
recently	O
emerged	O
in	O
the	O
United	O
States	O
,	O
leading	O
to	O
large	O
economic	O
losses	O
for	O
both	O
the	O
Asian	O
and	O
US	O
pig	B-SPEC
industries	O
.	O

In	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
we	O
produced	O
an	O
IgY	O
against	O
the	O
PEDV	B-PRGE
S1	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
and	O
investigated	O
its	O
immunoprophylactic	O
effect	O
in	O
neonatal	O
piglets	O
.	O

We	O
next	O
tested	O
the	O
ability	O
of	O
oral	B-ANAT
passive	O
immunization	O
with	O
anti	O
-	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
S1	O
IgY	O
to	O
protect	O
piglets	O
against	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
.	O

Specific	O
chicken	B-SPEC
IgY	O
against	O
the	O
S1	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
was	O
orally	B-ANAT
administered	O
to	O
neonatal	O
piglets	O
,	O
and	O
their	O
responses	O
subsequent	O
to	O
a	O
virulent	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
challenge	O
were	O
monitored	O
.	O

In	O
preclinical	O
models	O
,	O
p38	B-FUNC
inhibitors	B-CHED
reduce	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
following	O
pancreatitis	B-DISO
and	O
burn	O
injury	O
.	O

Pharmacokinetic	O
models	O
indicated	O
that	O
the	O
higher	O
dose	O
of	O
10	O
mg	O
given	O
as	O
continuous	O
infusion	O
over	O
24	O
hours	O
had	O
the	O
most	O
favorable	O
plasma	B-ANAT
concentration	O
profile	O
.	O

Chest	B-ANAT
radiographic	O
scores	O
were	O
estimated	O
after	O
dividing	O
each	O
lung	B-ANAT
into	O
three	O
zones	O
.	O

Multivariate	O
logistic	O
regression	O
analysis	O
,	O
Kaplan	O
-	O
Meier	O
survival	O
curve	O
analysis	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
Mann	O
-	O
Whitney	O
U	O
test	O
were	O
used	O
to	O
compare	O
data	O
of	O
deceased	B-PROC
patients	O
with	O
those	O
of	O
individuals	O
who	O
recovered	O
to	O
identify	O
prognostic	O
radiographic	O
features	O
.	O

Univariate	O
and	O
logistic	O
regression	O
analyses	O
identified	O
the	O
chest	B-ANAT
radiographic	O
score	O
as	O
an	O
independent	O
predictor	O
of	O
mortality	O
(	O
odds	O
ratio	O
[	O
OR	O
],	O
1	O
.	O
38	O
;	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
,	O
1	O
.	O
07	O
-	O
1	O
.	O
77	O
;	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
01	O
).	O

According	O
to	O
the	O
results	O
of	O
high	O
-	O
resolution	O
two	O
-	O
dimensional	O
gel	O
electrophoresis	O
,	O
a	O
total	O
of	O
43	O
protein	B-CHED
spots	B-DISO
were	O
initially	O
found	O
to	O
be	O
differentially	O
expressed	B-PROC
in	O
PK	O
-	O
PDCoV	O
-	O
N	O
cells	B-COMP
in	O
comparison	O
with	O
control	O
PK	O
cells	B-COMP
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Attracting	O
global	O
attention	O
,	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
continues	O
to	O
cause	O
sporadic	O
cases	O
and	O
a	O
potential	O
risk	O
of	O
healthcare	O
-	O
associated	O
infections	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Evaluation	O
of	O
Four	O
Commercial	O
Multiplex	O
Molecular	O
Tests	O
for	O
the	O
Diagnosis	O
of	O
Acute	B-DISO
Respiratory	I-DISO
Infections	I-DISO
.	O

For	O
these	O
techniques	O
,	O
the	O
highest	O
Youden	O
'	O
s	O
index	O
(	O
YI	O
),	O
positive	O
predictive	O
(	O
PPV	O
)	O
and	O
specificity	O
(	O
Sp	O
)	O
values	O
were	O
observed	O
for	O
Core	O
tests	O
(	O
e	O
.	O
g	O
.,	O
influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
[	O
YI	O
:	O
0	O
.	O
86	O
-	O
1	O
.	O
00	O
;	O
PPV	B-CHED
:	O
78	O
.	O
95	O
-	O
100	O
.	O
00	O
;	O
Sp	O
:	O
97	O
.	O
32	O
-	O
100	O
.	O
00	O
]	O
&	O
B	O
[	O
YI	O
:	O
0	O
.	O
44	O
-	O
1	O
.	O
00	O
;	O
PPV	B-CHED
:	O
100	O
.	O
00	O
;	O
Sp	O
:	O
100	O
.	O
00	O
],	O
hRSV	B-SPEC
[	O
YI	O
:	O
0	O
.	O
50	O
-	O
0	O
.	O
99	O
;	O
PPV	B-CHED
:	O
85	O
.	O
71	O
-	O
100	O
.	O
00	O
;	O
Sp	O
:	O
99	O
.	O
38	O
-	O
100	O
.	O
00	O
],	O
hMPV	B-SPEC
[	O
YI	O
:	O
0	O
.	O
71	O
-	O
1	O
.	O
00	O
;	O
PPV	B-CHED
:	O
83	O
.	O
33	O
-	O
100	O
.	O
00	O
;	O
Sp	O
:	O
99	O
.	O
37	O
-	O
100	O
.	O
00	O
],	O
EV	O
/	O
hRV	O
[	O
YI	O
:	O
0	O
.	O
62	O
-	O
0	O
.	O
82	O
;	O
PPV	B-CHED
:	O
93	O
.	O
33	O
-	O
100	O
.	O
00	O
;	O
Sp	O
:	O
94	O
.	O
48	O
-	O
100	O
.	O
00	O
],	O
AdV	O
[	O
YI	O
:	O
1	O
.	O
00	O
;	O
PPV	B-CHED
:	O
100	O
.	O
00	O
;	O
Sp	O
:	O
100	O
.	O
00	O
]	O
and	O
hBoV	O
[	O
YI	O
:	O
0	O
.	O
20	O
-	O
0	O
.	O
80	O
;	O
PPV	B-CHED
:	O
57	O
.	O
14	O
-	O
100	O
.	O
00	O
;	O
Sp	O
:	O
98	O
.	O
14	O
-	O
100	O
.	O
00	O
]).	O

In	O
a	O
small	O
-	O
molecule	O
screen	O
to	O
identify	O
host	B-COMP
mediators	O
of	O
reovirus	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
,	O
we	O
found	O
that	O
treatment	O
of	O
cells	B-COMP
with	O
5	B-CHED
-	I-CHED
nonyloxytryptamine	I-CHED
(	O
5	O
-	O
NT	O
),	O
a	O
prototype	O
serotonin	B-PRGE
receptor	I-PRGE
agonist	B-CHED
,	O
diminished	O
reovirus	B-SPEC
cytotoxicity	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
The	O
Pattern	O
of	O
Brain	B-ANAT
Microhemorrhages	O
After	O
Severe	O
Lung	B-ANAT
Failure	O
Resembles	O
the	O
One	O
Seen	O
in	O
High	O
-	O
Altitude	O
Cerebral	O
Edema	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
At	O
the	O
end	O
of	O
May	O
2015	O
,	O
an	O
imported	O
case	O
of	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
infection	B-DISO
was	O
confirmed	O
in	O
China	O
.	O

From	O
April	O
2010	O
to	O
May	O
2011	O
,	O
1082	O
nasopharyngeal	B-ANAT
swabs	O
were	O
screened	O
for	O
respiratory	O
viruses	B-SPEC
by	O
PCR	O
.	O

Children	O
with	O
single	O
HRV	O
infections	B-DISO
presented	O
with	O
significantly	O
higher	O
rate	O
of	O
hypoxia	B-DISO
than	O
those	O
infected	O
with	O
respiratory	B-SPEC
syncytial	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
or	O
parainfluenza	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
PIV	B-SPEC
)-	O
3	O
(	O
12	O
·	O
4	O
%	O
vs	O
.	O
3	O
·	O
8	O
%	O
and	O
0	O
%,	O
respectively	O
,	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
·	O
05	O
),	O
higher	O
rate	O
of	O
chest	B-ANAT
retraction	O
than	O
PIV	B-SPEC
-	O
1	O
(	O
57	O
·	O
3	O
%	O
vs	O
.	O
34	O
·	O
5	O
%,	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
·	O
028	O
),	O
higher	O
rate	O
of	O
wheezing	O
than	O
influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
(	O
63	O
·	O
2	O
%	O
vs	O
.	O
42	O
·	O
3	O
%,	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
·	O
038	O
).	O

Recombinant	O
S1	O
was	O
expressed	B-PROC
as	O
a	O
secreted	B-PROC
protein	B-CHED
fused	O
with	O
a	O
trimerization	O
motif	O
peptide	B-CHED
,	O
then	O
purified	O
using	O
Ni	O
Sepharose	B-CHED
.	O

Six	O
weeks	O
after	O
immunization	O
,	O
anti	O
-	O
IBV	B-SPEC
neutralizing	O
titer	O
and	O
anti	O
-	O
S1	O
ELISA	O
titer	O
were	O
determined	O
;	O
immunized	O
chickens	B-SPEC
then	O
were	O
inoculated	O
with	O
IBV	B-SPEC
via	O
the	O
trachea	B-DISO
and	O
ciliary	O
activity	O
was	O
observed	O
.	O

Results	O
showed	O
that	O
the	O
recombinant	B-PRGE
S1	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
was	O
highly	O
glycosylated	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
neutralizing	O
antigenicity	O
of	O
recombinant	B-PRGE
S1	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
was	O
lower	O
than	O
that	O
of	O
inactivated	O
virus	B-SPEC
.	O

One	O
piglet	O
had	O
a	O
positive	O
real	O
-	O
time	O
quantitative	O
polymerase	O
chain	O
reaction	O
test	O
on	O
rectal	O
swab	O
at	O
12	O
hpi	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
all	O
remaining	O
piglets	O
were	O
positive	O
thereafter	O
,	O
with	O
highest	O
viral	O
quantities	O
detected	O
at	O
24	O
and	O
36	O
hpi	B-DISO
.	O

Viremia	B-DISO
was	O
confirmed	O
in	O
18	O
of	O
20	O
pigs	B-SPEC
at	O
euthanasia	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Porcine	B-SPEC
epidemic	I-SPEC
diarrhea	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
)	O
is	O
a	O
highly	O
enteropathogenic	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
of	O
swine	B-SPEC
that	O
causes	O
acute	O
enteritis	B-DISO
with	O
high	O
mortality	O
in	O
nursery	O
piglets	O
.	O

Inhibition	B-PROC
of	O
ERK	B-FUNC
activation	O
also	O
diminished	O
viral	O
protein	B-CHED
expression	B-PROC
and	O
genomic	O
and	O
subgenomic	O
RNA	O
transcription	B-PROC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Respiratory	O
viral	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
(	O
RVI	O
)	O
are	O
important	O
in	O
hematopoietic	B-ANAT
stem	I-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
transplantations	O
(	O
HSCT	O
)	O
and	O
knowledge	O
regarding	O
incidence	O
,	O
morbidity	O
,	O
mortality	O
,	O
and	O
long	O
-	O
term	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
complications	I-DISO
is	O
limited	O
.	O

The	O
results	O
indicated	O
that	O
NIBV	O
infection	B-DISO
could	O
cause	O
the	O
increases	O
of	O
renal	B-PRGE
XOD	I-PRGE
gene	B-PROC
transcription	I-PROC
and	O
serum	B-COMP
XOD	O
activity	O
,	O
leading	O
to	O
hyperuricemia	B-DISO
and	O
reduction	O
of	O
antioxidants	B-CHED
in	O
the	O
body	B-ANAT
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Overwintering	O
Is	O
Associated	O
with	O
Reduced	O
Expression	B-PROC
of	O
Immune	O
Genes	O
and	O
Higher	O
Susceptibility	O
to	O
Virus	O
Infection	O
in	O
Honey	B-SPEC
Bees	I-SPEC
.	O

We	O
tested	O
this	O
hypothesis	O
by	O
comparing	O
the	O
expression	B-PROC
of	O
eight	O
immune	O
genes	O
and	O
naturally	O
occurring	O
infection	B-DISO
levels	O
of	O
deformed	B-SPEC
wing	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
DWV	B-SPEC
),	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
most	O
widespread	O
viruses	B-SPEC
in	O
A	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
mellifera	I-SPEC
populations	O
,	O
between	O
summer	O
and	O
winter	O
bees	B-SPEC
.	O

Our	O
data	O
show	O
that	O
high	O
DWV	B-SPEC
loads	O
in	O
winter	O
bees	B-SPEC
correlate	O
with	O
reduced	O
expression	B-PROC
of	O
genes	O
involved	O
in	O
the	O
cellular	B-PROC
immune	I-PROC
response	I-PROC
and	O
physiological	O
activity	O
and	O
high	O
expression	B-PROC
of	O
humoral	O
immune	O
genes	O
involved	O
in	O
antibacterial	O
defense	O
compared	O
with	O
summer	O
bees	B-SPEC
.	O

This	O
expression	B-PROC
pattern	O
could	O
reflect	O
evolutionary	O
adaptations	B-PROC
to	O
resist	O
bacterial	O
pathogens	O
and	O
economize	O
energy	O
during	O
the	O
winter	O
under	O
a	O
pathogen	O
landscape	O
with	O
reduced	O
risk	O
of	O
pathogenic	O
viral	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
.	O

The	O
outbreak	O
of	O
Varroa	B-SPEC
destructor	I-SPEC
infestation	B-DISO
could	O
have	O
overcome	O
these	O
adaptations	B-PROC
by	O
promoting	O
the	O
transmission	O
of	O
viruses	B-SPEC
.	O

Infections	B-DISO
in	O
North	O
America	O
occur	O
most	O
frequently	O
during	O
the	O
spring	O
and	O
summer	O
months	O
in	O
the	O
Northeastern	O
and	O
Midwestern	O
United	O
States	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
There	O
are	O
some	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
respiratory	O
disturbances	O
like	O
adult	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
and	O
suspicion	O
of	O
brain	B-DISO
death	B-PROC
,	O
for	O
whom	O
typical	O
performance	O
of	O
the	O
apneic	B-DISO
test	O
is	O
difficult	O
to	O
complete	O
because	O
of	O
quick	O
desaturation	O
and	O
rapid	O
deterioration	O
without	O
effective	O
ventilation	O
.	O

To	O
avoid	O
failure	O
of	O
brain	B-DISO
death	B-PROC
confirmation	O
and	O
possible	O
loss	O
of	O
organ	B-ANAT
donation	O
another	O
approach	O
to	O
apneic	B-DISO
test	O
is	O
needed	O
.	O

The	O
results	O
of	O
this	O
study	O
provide	O
a	O
useful	O
reference	O
for	O
CEK	O
-	O
adapted	O
IBV	B-SPEC
field	O
strains	O
and	O
the	O
production	O
of	O
CEK	O
-	O
attenuated	O
IBV	B-SPEC
vaccine	O
.	O

We	O
present	O
an	O
adult	O
SCD	B-DISO
patient	O
with	O
severe	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
due	O
to	O
AChS	B-DISO
,	O
successfully	O
treated	O
with	O
VV	O
-	O
ECMO	O
.	O

After	O
NPPV	O
treatment	O
,	O
systolic	O
pressure	O
,	O
heart	B-ANAT
rate	O
,	O
respiratory	O
rate	O
,	O
and	O
fraction	O
of	O
inspired	B-PROC
oxygen	B-CHED
decreased	O
,	O
whereas	O
oxygen	B-CHED
saturation	O
increased	O
significantly	O
in	O
the	O
NPPV	O
success	O
group	O
compared	O
with	O
the	O
failed	O
group	O
.	O

The	O
median	O
incubation	O
period	O
was	O
six	O
days	O
(	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
:	O
4	O
–	O
7	O
days	O
)	O
and	O
the	O
duration	O
between	O
suspected	O
symptom	B-DISO
onset	O
and	O
laboratory	O
confirmation	O
was	O
6	O
.	O
5	O
days	O
(	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
:	O
4	O
–	O
9	O
).	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
South	O
Korea	O
is	O
experiencing	O
the	O
largest	O
outbreak	O
of	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
outside	O
the	O
Arabian	O
Peninsula	O
,	O
with	O
166	O
laboratory	O
-	O
confirmed	O
cases	O
,	O
including	O
24	O
deaths	B-PROC
up	O
to	O
19	O
June	O
2015	O
.	O

The	O
initial	O
areas	O
of	O
demyelination	B-DISO
increase	O
only	O
slightly	O
after	O
the	O
control	O
of	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

Expanding	O
lesions	O
in	O
the	O
absence	O
of	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
10	I-FUNC
are	O
characterized	O
by	O
sustained	O
microglial	O
activation	O
and	O
partial	O
loss	O
of	O
macrophage	B-ANAT
/	O
microglia	B-ANAT
exhibiting	O
an	O
acquired	O
deactivation	O
phenotype	O
.	O

The	O
clinical	O
characteristics	O
and	O
mechanisms	O
underlying	O
late	O
-	O
phase	O
muscle	B-ANAT
dysfunction	O
do	O
not	O
involve	O
the	O
massive	O
protein	B-PROC
degradation	I-PROC
and	O
atrophy	B-DISO
of	O
the	O
early	O
phase	O
and	O
may	O
reflect	O
a	O
failure	O
of	O
the	O
musculoskeletal	B-ANAT
system	I-ANAT
to	O
regain	O
homeostatic	B-PROC
balance	B-PROC
.	O

Movement	B-PROC
toward	O
American	O
Burn	O
Association	O
-	O
supported	O
,	O
multicenter	O
studies	O
to	O
determine	O
best	O
practices	O
and	O
guidelines	O
for	O
ventilator	O
management	O
in	O
burn	O
patients	O
is	O
prudent	O
in	O
light	O
of	O
these	O
findings	O
.	O

In	O
all	O
three	O
cases	O
,	O
PEDV	O
was	O
confirmed	O
in	O
feces	B-ANAT
and	O
small	B-ANAT
intestines	I-ANAT
by	O
RT	O
-	O
qPCR	O
.	O

Phylogenetic	O
analyses	O
based	O
on	O
full	O
-	O
length	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
genomes	O
revealed	O
high	O
identity	O
among	O
strains	O
from	O
all	O
three	O
herds	O
.	O

Moreover	O
,	O
the	O
present	O
case	O
report	O
indicates	O
that	O
variant	O
strains	O
of	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
,	O
containing	O
insertions	O
and	O
deletions	O
in	O
the	O
S	B-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
,	O
which	O
were	O
reported	O
to	O
be	O
of	O
lower	O
virulence	B-PROC
,	O
might	O
be	O
able	O
to	O
cause	O
high	O
mortality	O
in	O
suckling	O
piglets	O
.	O

Understanding	O
the	O
mechanism	O
of	O
this	O
disruption	O
could	O
lead	O
to	O
the	O
identification	O
of	O
novel	O
antiviral	B-CHED
therapeutics	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Myd88	B-PRGE
signaling	B-PROC
is	O
critical	O
to	O
the	O
control	O
of	O
numerous	O
central	B-ANAT
nervous	I-ANAT
system	I-ANAT
(	O
CNS	B-CHED
)	O
infections	B-DISO
by	O
promoting	O
both	O
innate	O
and	O
adaptive	B-PROC
immune	I-PROC
responses	I-PROC
.	O

Nevertheless	O
,	O
the	O
extent	O
to	O
which	O
Myd88	B-PRGE
regulates	O
type	O
I	O
interferon	B-PRGE
(	O
IFN	B-PRGE
)	O
versus	O
proinflammatory	O
factors	O
and	O
T	B-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
function	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
the	O
anatomical	B-ANAT
site	I-ANAT
of	O
action	O
,	O
varies	O
extensively	O
with	O
the	O
pathogen	O
.	O

Infected	O
Myd88	O
(-/-)	O
mice	B-SPEC
failed	O
to	O
control	O
virus	B-SPEC
,	O
exhibited	O
enhanced	O
clinical	O
disease	O
coincident	O
with	O
increased	O
demyelination	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
succumbed	O
to	O
infection	B-DISO
within	O
3	O
weeks	O
.	O

The	O
induction	O
of	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
α	I-PRGE
/	I-PRGE
β	I-PRGE
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
of	O
proinflammatory	O
cytokines	O
and	O
chemokines	O
,	O
was	O
impaired	O
early	O
during	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

Moreover	O
,	O
CD4	B-PRGE
T	I-PRGE
cells	O
but	O
not	O
CD8	B-PRGE
T	I-PRGE
cells	O
were	O
impaired	B-DISO
in	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
γ	I-PRGE
production	O
.	O

During	O
central	B-ANAT
nervous	I-ANAT
system	I-ANAT
(	O
CNS	B-CHED
)	O
infections	B-DISO
,	O
signaling	B-PROC
through	O
the	O
adaptor	O
protein	B-CHED
Myd88	B-PRGE
promotes	O
both	O
innate	O
and	O
adaptive	B-PROC
immune	I-PROC
responses	I-PROC
.	O

By	O
controlling	O
both	O
early	O
innate	B-DISO
immune	I-DISO
responses	I-DISO
and	O
CD4	B-PRGE
T	I-PRGE
cell	O
-	O
mediated	O
antiviral	B-CHED
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
γ	I-PRGE
,	O
Myd88	B-PRGE
signaling	B-PROC
limits	O
the	O
initial	O
viral	O
dissemination	O
and	O
is	O
vital	O
for	O
T	B-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
-	O
mediated	O
control	O
of	O
viral	O
loads	O
.	O

Severe	O
infusion	O
-	O
associated	O
reactions	O
are	O
consistent	O
with	O
CRS	B-DISO
and	O
can	O
cause	O
serious	O
cardiac	B-ANAT
or	O
respiratory	B-DISO
problems	I-DISO
,	O
or	O
in	O
certain	O
cases	O
,	O
mortality	O
.	O

CRS	B-DISO
is	O
a	O
form	O
of	O
systemic	B-DISO
inflammatory	I-DISO
response	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SIRS	B-DISO
).	O

In	O
the	O
present	O
study	O
,	O
the	O
successful	O
use	O
of	O
MB	O
as	O
a	O
rescue	O
therapy	O
for	O
CRS	B-DISO
in	O
a	O
patient	O
receiving	O
rATG	O
following	O
a	O
renal	B-ANAT
transplant	B-ANAT
was	O
reported	O
.	O

After	O
the	O
initial	O
interspecies	O
transmission	O
per	O
se	O
,	O
the	O
viruses	B-SPEC
can	O
disseminate	O
into	O
the	O
human	B-SPEC
population	O
through	O
various	O
and	O
distinct	O
mechanisms	O
.	O

These	O
populations	O
are	O
living	O
nearby	O
the	O
habitats	O
of	O
several	O
monkeys	B-SPEC
and	O
apes	B-SPEC
,	O
often	O
naturally	O
infected	O
by	O
different	O
retroviruses	B-SPEC
including	O
SIV	B-DISO
,	O
STLV	O
and	O
simianfoamy	O
virus	B-SPEC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
An	O
analysis	O
of	O
prognostic	O
factors	O
in	O
patients	O
suffering	B-DISO
from	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
/	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
complicated	O
with	O
Yangming	O
Fushi	O
syndrome	B-DISO
:	O
a	O
report	O
of	O
206	O
cases	O
from	O
multiple	O
centers	O
].	O

AUC	O
of	O
LIPS	B-ANAT
was	O
0	O
.	O
725	O
,	O
the	O
cut	O
-	O
off	O
value	O
was	O
7	O
,	O
when	O
LIPS	O
≥	O
7	O
,	O
the	O
sensitivity	O
was	O
71	O
.	O
0	O
%,	O
specificity	O
was	O
75	O
.	O
6	O
%.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
evaluate	O
the	O
value	O
of	O
lung	B-ANAT
ultrasound	O
score	O
(	O
LUS	O
)	O
on	O
assessing	O
the	O
severity	O
and	O
prognosis	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
),	O
and	O
to	O
investigate	O
its	O
correlation	O
with	O
oxygenation	B-PROC
index	O
,	O
acute	O
physiology	O
and	O
chronic	O
health	O
evaluationII	O
(	O
APACHEII	O
)	O
score	O
,	O
sequential	O
organ	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
assessment	O
(	O
SOFA	O
)	O
score	O
,	O
and	O
clinical	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
score	O
(	O
CPIS	O
),	O
and	O
other	O
traditional	O
parameters	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
LUS	O
had	O
a	O
negative	O
correlation	O
with	O
oxygenation	B-PROC
index	O
(	O
r	O
=-	O
0	O
.	O
755	O
,	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
001	O
),	O
a	O
good	O
positive	O
correlation	O
with	O
APACHEII	O
(	O
r	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
504	O
,	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
001	O
),	O
SOFA	O
(	O
r	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
461	O
,	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
001	O
)	O
and	O
CPIS	O
(	O
r	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
571	O
,	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
001	O
)	O
was	O
found	O
.	O

Area	O
under	O
ROC	O
curve	O
(	O
AUC	O
)	O
was	O
calculated	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
patients	O
with	O
LUS	O
>	O
19	O
.	O
0	O
had	O
a	O
high	O
mortality	O
,	O
sensitivity	O
for	O
predicting	O
death	B-PROC
was	O
84	O
.	O
0	O
%,	O
and	O
specificity	O
of	O
89	O
.	O
0	O
%.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
investigate	O
the	O
efficacy	O
of	O
bundle	O
treatment	O
on	O
patients	O
with	O
moderate	O
or	O
severe	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
).	O

Compared	O
with	O
control	O
group	O
,	O
oxygenation	B-PROC
index	O
in	O
bundle	O
treatment	O
group	O
was	O
significantly	O
improved	O
[	O
mmHg	O
(	O
1	O
mmHg	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
133	O
kPa	O
):	O
135	O
.	O
4	O
±	O
34	O
.	O
5	O
vs	O
.	O
117	O
.	O
1	O
±	O
34	O
.	O
2	O
,	O
t	O
=-	O
2	O
.	O
273	O
,	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
026	O
),	O
the	O
duration	O
of	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
was	O
obviously	O
reduced	O
(	O
days	O
:	O
8	O
.	O
70	O
±	O
2	O
.	O
50	O
vs	O
.	O
10	O
.	O
10	O
±	O
2	O
.	O
67	O
,	O
t	O
=	O
2	O
.	O
308	O
,	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
024	O
),	O
incidence	O
of	O
VAP	O
was	O
significantly	O
lower	O
[	O
18	O
.	O
2	O
%	O
(	O
6	O
/	O
33	O
)	O
vs	O
.	O
32	O
.	O
5	O
%	O
(	O
13	O
/	O
40	O
),	O
χ2	O
=	O
5	O
.	O
027	O
,	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
025	O
],	O
and	O
28	O
-	O
day	O
mortality	O
rate	O
was	O
obviously	O
lowered	O
[	O
24	O
.	O
2	O
%	O
(	O
8	O
/	O
33	O
)	O
vs	O
.	O
37	O
.	O
5	O
%	O
(	O
15	O
/	O
40	O
),	O
χ2	O
=	O
4	O
.	O
372	O
,	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
037	O
],	O
the	O
length	O
of	O
ICU	O
stay	O
shown	O
no	O
statistical	O
difference	O
(	O
days	O
:	O
10	O
.	O
40	O
±	O
1	O
.	O
94	O
vs	O
.	O
11	O
.	O
30	O
±	O
2	O
.	O
34	O
,	O
t	O
=	O
1	O
.	O
620	O
,	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
110	O
).	O

In	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
we	O
constructed	O
a	O
series	O
of	O
cytoplasmic	B-COMP
deletion	O
mutants	O
of	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
S	O
and	O
compared	O
the	O
efficiency	O
with	O
which	O
they	O
formed	O
pseudotypes	O
with	O
vesicular	B-SPEC
stomatitis	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
.	O

Of	O
282	O
patients	O
(	O
mean	O
age	O
,	O
51	O
.	O
6	O
years	O
;	O
45	O
%	O
women	O
;	O
77	O
%	O
white	O
)	O
enrolled	O
in	O
Albuterol	O
for	O
Treatment	O
of	O
Acute	O
Lung	B-ANAT
Injury	O
,	O
28	O
(	O
10	O
%)	O
developed	O
new	O
-	O
onset	O
AF	O
during	O
the	O
study	O
.	O

New	O
-	O
onset	O
AF	O
during	O
ARDS	B-DISO
is	O
associated	O
with	O
increased	O
mortality	O
;	O
however	O
,	O
its	O
mechanisms	O
require	O
further	O
study	O
.	O

Expression	B-PROC
of	O
avian	B-PRGE
β	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
defensins	B-PATH
(	O
AvBDs	O
)	O
and	O
Toll	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
like	I-PRGE
receptors	I-PRGE
(	O
TLRs	O
)	O
in	O
16	O
tissues	B-ANAT
of	O
chicken	B-SPEC
were	O
compared	O
at	O
7	O
days	O
PI	O
.	O

Here	O
,	O
we	O
describe	O
the	O
application	O
of	O
a	O
reverse	O
genetic	O
approach	O
to	O
assess	O
the	O
importance	O
of	O
these	O
macrodomains	O
for	O
the	O
activity	O
of	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
RTC	O
.	O

The	O
present	O
study	O
was	O
undertaken	O
to	O
show	O
that	O
PQ	O
causes	O
alveolar	B-ANAT
type	O
II	O
(	O
A549	O
)	O
cell	B-PROC
death	I-PROC
and	O
to	O
evaluate	O
whether	O
chloroquine	B-CHED
(	O
CQ	O
)	O
can	O
protect	O
A549	O
cells	B-COMP
against	O
PQ	O
-	O
induced	O
cell	B-PROC
death	I-PROC
.	O

More	O
importantly	O
,	O
for	O
the	O
first	O
time	O
,	O
CQ	O
was	O
found	O
to	O
improve	O
cell	B-PROC
viability	I-PROC
of	O
PQ	O
treated	O
A549	O
cells	B-COMP
.	O

Moreover	O
,	O
our	O
data	O
demonstrated	O
that	O
CQ	O
increased	O
lysosome	B-COMP
-	O
associated	O
membrane	B-COMP
protein	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
,	O
lysosome	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
associated	I-PRGE
membrane	B-COMP
protein	B-CHED
-	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
and	O
light	O
chain	O
-	O
3	O
expressions	O
,	O
suggesting	O
that	O
the	O
mechanism	O
by	O
which	O
CQ	O
rescues	O
PQ	O
-	O
induced	O
cytotoxicity	B-DISO
may	O
be	O
through	O
protection	O
of	O
the	O
lysosomal	O
membrane	O
or	O
up	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
regulation	I-PROC
of	O
autophagy	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Determining	O
the	O
Provincial	O
and	O
National	O
Burden	O
of	O
Influenza	B-DISO
-	O
Associated	O
Severe	O
Acute	O
Respiratory	O
Illness	O
in	O
South	O
Africa	O
Using	O
a	O
Rapid	O
Assessment	O
Methodology	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Severe	O
combined	O
immunodeficiency	O
(	O
SCID	B-DISO
)	O
is	O
characterized	O
by	O
the	O
absence	O
of	O
functional	O
T	B-ANAT
lymphocytes	I-ANAT
and	O
impairment	B-DISO
of	O
adaptive	O
immunity	B-PROC
.	O

In	O
baboons	B-SPEC
,	O
OAS1	B-PRGE
harbors	O
a	O
very	O
low	O
level	O
of	O
variation	O
.	O

This	O
represents	O
an	O
unusual	O
case	O
of	O
convergent	O
polymorphism	B-PROC
.	O

Accumulating	O
data	O
show	O
that	O
miRNAs	O
are	O
involved	O
in	O
the	O
process	O
of	O
coronavirus	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
such	O
as	O
replication	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
).	O

However	O
,	O
the	O
link	O
between	O
miRNAs	O
and	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
is	O
unknown	O
.	O

The	O
results	O
showed	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
caused	O
the	O
change	O
of	O
miRNAs	O
profile	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Structural	O
basis	O
and	O
functional	O
analysis	O
of	O
the	O
SARS	B-PRGE
coronavirus	B-SPEC
nsp14	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
nsp10	I-PRGE
complex	I-PRGE
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Nonstructural	O
protein	O
14	O
(	O
nsp14	O
)	O
of	O
coronaviruses	O
(	O
CoV	O
)	O
is	O
important	O
for	O
viral	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
and	O
transcription	B-PROC
.	O

The	O
N7	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
MTase	I-PRGE
domain	I-PRGE
exhibits	O
a	O
noncanonical	O
MTase	B-PRGE
fold	O
with	O
a	O
rare	O
β	O
-	O
sheet	O
insertion	O
and	O
a	O
peripheral	O
zinc	B-CHED
finger	B-ANAT
.	O

A	O
common	O
approach	O
for	O
selecting	O
a	O
clock	O
model	O
for	O
a	O
data	O
set	O
of	O
interest	O
is	O
to	O
examine	O
a	O
set	O
of	O
candidates	O
and	O
to	O
select	O
the	O
model	O
that	O
provides	O
the	O
best	O
statistical	O
fit	B-DISO
.	O

Clinical	O
background	O
,	O
sedatives	B-CHED
,	O
failure	O
rate	O
of	O
sedation	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
complications	O
were	O
evaluated	O
by	O
1	O
)	O
sedative	B-CHED
methods	O
(	O
intermittent	O
only	O
,	O
switched	O
to	O
continuous	O
,	O
or	O
initially	O
continuous	O
)	O
and	O
2	O
)	O
code	O
status	O
(	O
do	O
-	O
not	O
-	O
intubate	O
[	O
DNI	O
]	O
or	O
non	O
-	O
DNI	O
).	O

Delivery	O
route	O
was	O
categorized	O
as	O
classic	O
cesarean	O
delivery	O
(	O
CCD	B-DISO
),	O
low	O
transverse	O
cesarean	O
delivery	O
(	O
LTCD	O
),	O
low	O
vertical	O
cesarean	O
delivery	O
(	O
LVCD	O
),	O
and	O
vaginal	B-ANAT
delivery	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Of	O
2659	O
women	O
who	O
met	B-CHED
criteria	O
for	O
inclusion	O
in	O
this	O
analysis	O
,	O
8	O
.	O
6	O
%	O
of	O
women	O
experienced	O
serious	O
maternal	O
complications	O
.	O

Interestingly	O
,	O
IP	O
-	O
10	O
has	O
already	O
been	O
described	O
as	O
a	O
marker	O
for	O
severe	O
respiratory	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
e	O
.	O
g	O
.	O
by	O
influenza	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
A	O
H5N1	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Pulmonar	O
recruitment	B-DISO
in	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

However	O
,	O
these	O
strategies	O
can	O
promote	O
lung	B-ANAT
de	O
-	O
recruitment	B-DISO
,	O
leading	O
to	O
the	O
cyclic	O
closing	O
and	O
reopening	O
of	O
collapsed	O
alveoli	B-ANAT
and	O
small	O
airways	O
.	O

Recruitment	B-DISO
maneuvers	O
(	O
RM	O
)	O
can	O
be	O
used	O
to	O
augment	O
other	O
methods	O
,	O
like	O
positive	O
end	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
expiratory	I-PROC
pressure	O
and	O
positioning	O
,	O
to	O
improve	O
aerated	O
lung	B-PROC
volume	I-PROC
.	O

This	O
review	O
aims	O
to	O
discuss	O
recent	O
findings	O
about	O
the	O
available	O
types	O
of	O
RM	O
,	O
and	O
compare	O
the	O
effectiveness	O
,	O
indications	O
and	O
adverse	B-DISO
effects	I-DISO
among	O
them	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
their	O
impact	O
on	O
morbidity	O
and	O
mortality	O
in	O
ARDS	B-DISO
patients	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Human	B-SPEC
-	I-PRGE
Bat	B-ENZY
Interactions	O
in	O
Rural	O
West	O
Africa	O
.	O

The	O
correlation	O
of	O
the	O
aeration	O
score	O
variation	O
(	O
ASV	O
)	O
and	O
the	O
arterial	B-ANAT
blood	I-ANAT
gas	O
indexes	O
(	O
pH	O
,	O
PaO	B-PROC
(	O
2	O
),	O
PaCO	O
(	O
2	O
),	O
PaO	B-PROC
(	O
2	O
)/	O
FiO	O
(	O
2	O
))	O
were	O
recorded	O
also	O
.	O

The	O
adverse	O
reactions	O
,	O
ventilator	O
situation	O
and	O
oxygen	B-CHED
fraction	O
after	O
7	O
days	O
,	O
28	O
-	O
day	O
mortality	O
were	O
monitored	O
.	O

Comparisons	O
of	O
EVLWI	O
,	O
PVPI	O
and	O
OI	O
were	O
made	O
for	O
three	O
groups	O
at	O
different	O
timepoints	O
:	O
As	O
the	O
severity	O
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
aggravated	O
,	O
EVLWI	O
and	O
PVPI	O
of	O
three	O
groups	O
increased	O
significantly	O
at	O
any	O
timepoint	O
while	O
OI	O
decreased	O
sharply	O
(	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
).	O

Global	O
warming	O
also	O
increases	O
the	O
range	O
of	O
movement	B-PROC
of	O
vectors	O
such	O
as	O
mosquitoes	B-SPEC
.	O

This	O
study	O
offers	O
a	O
brief	O
update	O
of	O
the	O
most	O
salient	O
new	O
aspects	O
of	O
the	O
important	O
viral	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
,	O
especially	O
those	O
with	O
known	O
orofacial	O
manifestations	O
or	O
other	O
implications	O
for	O
oral	B-ANAT
health	O
care	O
.	O

A	O
sepsis	B-DISO
mortality	O
prediction	O
formula	O
(	O
AIIMS	O
Sepsis	B-DISO
Score	O
)	O
based	O
on	O
SAPS	B-PRGE
II	I-PRGE
,	O
SAPS	B-PRGE
III	I-PRGE
,	O
and	O
SOFA	O
scores	O
and	O
hemoglobin	B-PRGE
has	O
greater	O
predictive	O
power	O
than	O
these	O
scoring	O
methods	O
individually	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Increased	O
level	O
of	O
protection	O
of	O
respiratory	B-ANAT
tract	I-ANAT
and	O
kidney	B-ANAT
by	O
combining	O
different	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
vaccines	O
against	O
challenge	O
with	O
nephropathogenic	O
Brazilian	O
genotype	O
subcluster	O
4	O
strains	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Clinical	O
and	O
laboratory	O
features	O
of	O
cats	B-SPEC
with	O
feline	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
peritonitis	I-DISO
--	O
a	O
retrospective	O
study	O
of	O
231	O
confirmed	O
cases	O
(	O
2000	O
-	O
2010	O
).	O

Nearly	O
85	O
.	O
0	O
%	O
of	O
cats	B-SPEC
had	O
an	O
albumin	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
to	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
globulin	I-PRGE
(	O
A	O
:	O
G	O
)	O
ratio	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
8	O
,	O
while	O
67	O
.	O
8	O
%	O
had	O
an	O
A	O
:	O
G	O
ratio	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
6	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Pulmonary	B-ANAT
Mucormycosis	I-DISO
in	O
a	O
Patient	O
with	O
Systemic	B-PATH
Lupus	I-PATH
Erythematosus	I-PATH
:	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Pulmonary	O
mucormycosis	O
is	O
commonly	O
encountered	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
diabetic	B-DISO
ketoacidosis	I-DISO
,	O
hematologic	B-DISO
malignancies	I-DISO
,	O
neutropenia	O
,	O
organ	B-ANAT
or	O
hematopoietic	B-ANAT
stem	I-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
transplantation	O
,	O
and	O
malignancy	B-DISO
,	O
but	O
it	O
rarely	O
occurs	O
in	O
high	O
-	O
risk	O
patients	O
with	O
systemic	B-PATH
lupus	I-PATH
erythematosus	I-PATH
(	O
SLE	B-DISO
).	O

However	O
,	O
with	O
early	O
diagnosis	O
and	O
antifungal	B-CHED
therapy	O
with	O
lipid	B-CHED
formulation	O
-	O
liposomal	B-CHED
amphotericin	I-CHED
B	I-CHED
and	O
surgical	O
removal	O
of	O
the	O
infected	O
area	O
,	O
the	O
outcome	O
can	O
be	O
improved	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Detection	O
and	O
molecular	O
characterization	O
of	O
caliciviruses	O
(	O
vesivirus	B-SPEC
and	O
norovirus	B-SPEC
)	O
in	O
an	O
outbreak	O
of	O
acute	O
diarrhea	O
in	O
kittens	O
from	O
Brazil	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
bat	B-PRGE
coronavirus	I-PRGE
HKU4	I-PRGE
belongs	O
to	O
the	O
same	O
2c	O
lineage	O
as	O
that	O
of	O
the	O
deadly	O
Middle	O
East	O
Respiratory	O
Syndrome	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
and	O
shows	O
high	O
sequence	O
similarity	O
,	O
therefore	O
potentiating	O
a	O
threat	O
to	O
the	O
human	B-SPEC
population	O
through	O
a	O
zoonotic	O
shift	O
or	O
'	O
spill	O
over	O
'	O
event	O
.	O

An	O
attractive	O
target	O
for	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
anti	O
-	O
coronaviral	O
therapeutics	O
is	O
the	O
3C	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
like	I-PRGE
protease	I-PRGE
(	O
3CL	O
(	O
pro	B-CHED
)),	O
which	O
is	O
essential	O
for	O
the	O
progression	O
of	O
the	O
coronaviral	O
life	O
cycle	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Sepsis	O
,	O
also	O
known	O
as	O
septicemia	B-DISO
,	O
is	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
10	O
leading	O
causes	O
of	O
death	B-PROC
worldwide	O
.	O

Physiologic	O
'	O
extinguishers	O
'	O
(	O
e	O
.	O
g	O
.	O
suppressor	O
of	O
cytokine	B-PROC
signaling	I-PROC
3	O
)	O
can	O
be	O
replenished	O
through	O
intracellular	B-COMP
protein	B-CHED
therapy	O
.	O

We	O
found	O
that	O
Trizol	O
,	O
AVL	O
buffer	B-CHED
and	O
gamma	O
irradiation	O
were	O
effective	O
at	O
inactivating	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
,	O
that	O
formaldehyde	B-CHED
-	O
based	O
solutions	O
required	O
at	O
least	O
30	O
min	O
of	O
contact	O
time	O
in	O
a	O
cell	B-COMP
culture	O
system	O
while	O
a	O
mixture	B-CHED
of	O
methanol	B-CHED
and	O
acetone	B-CHED
required	O
60	O
min	O
to	O
inactivate	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
.	O
Together	O
,	O
these	O
data	O
provide	O
a	O
foundation	O
for	O
safely	O
inactivating	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
,	O
and	O
potentially	O
other	O
coronaviruses	O
,	O
prior	O
to	O
removal	O
from	O
biocontainment	O
facilities	O
.	O

We	O
assume	O
that	O
knowledge	O
about	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
infected	O
,	O
recovered	O
and	O
vaccinated	O
individuals	O
has	O
an	O
effect	O
in	O
the	O
contact	O
rate	O
between	O
susceptible	O
and	O
infectious	B-DISO
individuals	O
.	O

Rhesus	B-SPEC
macaques	I-SPEC
develop	O
a	O
mild	O
to	O
moderate	O
respiratory	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
upon	O
inoculation	O
,	O
reminiscent	O
of	O
milder	O
MERS	O
cases	O
,	O
whereas	O
marmosets	B-SPEC
develop	O
a	O
moderate	O
to	O
severe	O
respiratory	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
,	O
recapitulating	O
the	O
severe	O
disease	O
observed	O
in	O
some	O
patients	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Damage	O
control	O
resuscitation	O
of	O
severe	O
multiple	O
trauma	O
in	O
the	O
pelvic	B-ANAT
fractures	O
].	O

All	O
cases	O
were	O
treated	O
with	O
damage	O
contral	O
orthopaedics	O
and	O
DCR	O
strategy	O
,	O
namely	O
that	O
used	O
immediately	O
with	O
small	O
capacity	O
of	O
balanced	O
salt	B-CHED
solution	O
on	O
admission	O
so	O
as	O
to	O
maintain	O
the	O
blood	B-PROC
pressure	I-PROC
between	O
80	O
to	O
90	O
mmHg	O
.	O

At	O
the	O
same	O
time	O
,	O
emergency	B-DISO
phase	O
I	O
simple	O
debridement	O
plus	O
external	O
fixator	O
or	O
bundled	O
with	O
fixed	B-ANAT
pelvic	B-ANAT
was	O
done	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
chest	B-ANAT
or	O
abdomen	B-ANAT
combined	O
injury	O
was	O
treated	O
at	O
first	O
.	O

Five	O
cases	O
were	O
died	B-PROC
after	O
4	O
to	O
15	O
hours	O
into	O
hospital	O
(	O
3	O
cases	O
died	B-PROC
for	O
severe	O
trauma	O
-	O
hemorrhagic	B-DISO
shock	I-DISO
and	O
2	O
cases	O
for	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
).	O

Dosage	O
of	O
balanced	O
salt	B-CHED
solution	O
was	O
(	O
3	O
,	O
798	O
±	O
340	O
)	O
ml	O
and	O
red	B-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
suspension	O
was	O
14	O
to	O
18	O
U	O
,	O
fresh	B-ANAT
frozen	I-ANAT
plasma	I-ANAT
(	O
FFP	B-ANAT
)	O
was	O
(	O
1	O
,	O
267	O
±	O
58	O
)	O
ml	O
(	O
1U	O
FFP	O
=	O
100	O
ml	O
),	O
blood	B-ANAT
platelet	I-ANAT
was	O
8	O
to	O
12	O
U	O
for	O
9	O
patients	O
.	O

The	O
success	O
rat	B-SPEC
of	O
recovery	O
was	O
82	O
.	O
2	O
%	O
(	O
23	O
/	O
28	O
).	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Severe	O
outbreaks	O
of	O
porcine	O
epidemic	O
diarrhea	O
virus	O
(	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
)	O
have	O
re	O
-	O
emerged	O
in	O
Korea	O
and	O
rapidly	O
swept	O
across	O
the	O
country	O
,	O
causing	O
tremendous	O
economic	O
losses	O
to	O
producers	O
and	O
customers	O
.	O

Therefore	O
,	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
isolation	O
in	O
cell	B-COMP
culture	O
is	O
urgently	O
needed	O
to	O
develop	O
efficacious	O
vaccines	O
and	O
diagnostic	O
assays	O
and	O
to	O
conduct	B-PROC
further	O
studies	O
on	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
biology	O
.	O

Our	O
genomic	O
analyses	O
indicated	O
that	O
the	O
Korean	O
isolate	O
KNU	O
-	O
141112	O
is	O
genetically	O
stable	O
during	O
the	O
first	O
30	O
passages	O
in	O
cell	B-COMP
culture	O
and	O
is	O
grouped	O
within	O
subgroup	O
G2b	O
together	O
with	O
the	O
recent	O
re	O
-	O
emergent	O
Korean	O
strains	O
.	O

We	O
assessed	O
3	O
repurposed	O
drugs	O
with	O
potent	O
in	O
vitro	O
anti	O
-	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
activity	O
(	O
mycophenolate	B-CHED
mofetil	I-CHED
[	O
MMF	B-CHED
],	O
lopinavir	O
/	O
ritonavir	B-CHED
,	O
and	O
interferon	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
β1b	I-PRGE
)	O
in	O
common	B-SPEC
marmosets	I-SPEC
with	O
severe	O
disease	O
resembling	O
MERS	O
in	O
humans	B-SPEC
.	O

The	O
lopinavir	O
/	O
ritonavir	B-CHED
-	O
treated	O
and	O
interferon	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
β1b	I-PRGE
-	O
treated	O
animals	B-SPEC
had	O
better	O
outcome	O
than	O
the	O
untreated	O
animals	B-SPEC
,	O
with	O
improved	O
clinical	O
(	O
mean	O
clinical	O
scores	O
↓	O
50	O
.	O
9	O
%-	O
95	O
.	O
0	O
%	O
and	O
↓	O
weight	O
loss	O
than	O
the	O
untreated	O
animals	O
),	O
radiological	O
(	O
minimal	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
infiltrates	I-DISO
),	O
and	O
pathological	O
(	O
mild	O
bronchointerstitial	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
)	O
findings	O
,	O
and	O
lower	O
mean	O
viral	O
loads	O
in	O
necropsied	O
lung	B-ANAT
(↓	O
0	O
.	O
59	O
-	O
1	O
.	O
06	O
log10	O
copies	O
/	O
glyceraldehyde	B-PRGE
3	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
phosphate	I-PRGE
dehydrogenase	I-PRGE
[	O
GAPDH	B-PRGE
];	O
P	O
<	O
.	O
050	O
)	O
and	O
extrapulmonary	O
(↓	O
0	O
.	O
11	O
-	O
1	O
.	O
29	O
log10	O
copies	O
/	O
GAPDH	B-PRGE
;	O
P	O
<	O
.	O
050	O
in	O
kidney	B-ANAT
)	O
tissues	B-ANAT
.	O

The	O
mortality	O
rate	O
at	O
36	O
hours	O
postinoculation	O
was	O
67	O
%	O
(	O
untreated	O
and	O
MMF	B-CHED
-	O
treated	O
)	O
versus	O
0	O
-	O
33	O
%	O
(	O
lopinavir	O
/	O
ritonavir	B-CHED
-	O
treated	O
and	O
interferon	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
β1b	I-PRGE
-	O
treated	O
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Stress	O
index	O
for	O
positive	O
end	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
expiratory	I-PROC
pressure	O
titration	O
in	O
prone	O
position	O
:	O
a	O
piglet	O
study	O
.	O

Respiratory	B-ANAT
system	I-ANAT
elastance	O
and	O
lung	B-ANAT
elastance	O
were	O
improved	O
in	O
the	O
prone	O
position	O
but	O
the	O
ratio	O
of	O
chest	B-ANAT
wall	I-ANAT
elastance	O
and	O
respiratory	B-ANAT
system	I-ANAT
elastance	O
was	O
higher	O
in	O
the	O
prone	O
position	O
.	O

This	O
study	O
determined	O
that	O
a	O
high	O
percentage	O
of	O
asymptomatic	O
shelter	O
dogs	B-SPEC
harbor	O
CIRD	O
pathogens	O
,	O
including	O
the	O
newly	O
emerging	O
pathogen	O
M	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
cynos	I-SPEC
and	O
the	O
historically	O
prevalent	O
pathogen	O
B	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
bronchiseptica	I-SPEC
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
A	O
total	O
of	O
240	O
(	O
47	O
.	O
7	O
%)	O
asymptomatic	O
dogs	B-SPEC
were	O
PCR	O
-	O
positive	O
for	O
at	O
least	O
one	O
CIRD	O
pathogen	O
.	O

Mycoplasma	B-SPEC
cynos	I-SPEC
(	O
29	O
.	O
2	O
%),	O
B	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
bronchiseptica	I-SPEC
(	O
19	O
.	O
5	O
%),	O
CAV	B-SPEC
-	O
2	O
(	O
12	O
.	O
5	O
%),	O
CDV	B-CHED
(	O
7	O
.	O
4	O
%)	O
and	O
CPIV	O
(	O
3	O
.	O
2	O
%)	O
were	O
the	O
most	O
commonly	O
detected	O
pathogens	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Silencing	O
of	O
Tumor	B-PRGE
Necrosis	I-PRGE
Factor	I-PRGE
Receptor	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
in	O
Human	B-SPEC
Lung	B-ANAT
Microvascular	O
Endothelial	B-ANAT
Cells	I-ANAT
Using	O
Particle	O
Platforms	O
for	O
siRNA	O
Delivery	O
.	O

Overall	O
,	O
our	O
results	O
suggested	O
that	O
the	O
unusual	O
capacity	O
of	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
to	O
infect	O
T	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
and	O
induce	O
apoptosis	B-PATH
might	O
partly	O
contribute	O
to	O
the	O
high	O
pathogenicity	O
of	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
.	O

The	O
clinical	O
evolution	B-PROC
is	O
gradual	O
:	O
from	O
mild	O
non	O
-	O
specific	O
manifestations	O
of	O
acute	B-DISO
tracheobronchitis	I-DISO
to	O
severe	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
insufficiency	I-DISO
determined	O
by	O
a	O
bronchial	B-ANAT
obstruction	B-DISO
syndrome	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Structure	O
-	O
activity	O
relationship	O
studies	O
on	O
quinoxalin	O
-	O
2	O
(	O
1H	O
)-	O
one	O
derivatives	O
containing	O
thiazol	O
-	O
2	O
-	O
amine	B-CHED
against	O
hepatitis	B-SPEC
C	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
leading	O
to	O
the	O
discovery	O
of	O
BH6870	O
.	O

Outline	O
of	O
the	O
structure	O
-	O
activity	O
relationships	O
(	O
SARs	B-DISO
)	O
revealed	O
that	O
compound	O
BH6870	O
(	O
36	O
)	O
showed	O
high	O
anti	O
-	O
HCV	B-SPEC
potency	O
([	O
Formula	O
:	O
see	O
text	O
])	O
and	O
a	O
good	O
cell	B-COMP
safety	O
index	O
(	O
SI	O
[	O
Formula	O
:	O
see	O
text	O
]).	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Both	O
severe	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
and	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
are	O
zoonotic	O
pathogens	O
that	O
crossed	O
the	O
species	B-SPEC
barriers	O
to	O
infect	O
humans	B-SPEC
.	O

Although	O
it	O
has	O
been	O
assumed	O
that	O
longer	O
DNA	O
targets	O
are	O
susceptible	O
to	O
breakdown	B-PROC
under	O
compromised	O
states	O
,	O
scientific	O
evidence	O
for	O
this	O
hypothesis	O
has	O
been	O
rarely	O
documented	O
.	O

We	O
confirmed	O
feline	B-SPEC
-	O
specificity	O
by	O
cross	O
-	O
challenging	O
the	O
primers	O
against	O
10	O
different	O
species	B-SPEC
of	O
terrestrial	O
,	O
aquatic	O
and	O
plant	B-SPEC
origins	O
in	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
a	O
141	O
-	O
bp	O
site	O
of	O
an	O
18S	B-PRGE
rRNA	I-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
as	O
a	O
universal	O
eukaryotic	O
control	O
.	O

In	O
China	O
,	O
sleep	B-PROC
medicine	B-CHED
started	O
in	O
late	O
of	O
1980	O
'	O
s	O
,	O
in	O
recent	O
years	O
,	O
with	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
economy	O
and	O
the	O
improvement	O
of	O
recognization	O
,	O
the	O
application	O
of	O
NPPV	O
in	O
Chinese	O
market	O
has	O
become	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
fastest	O
growing	O
in	O
the	O
world	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Hepatitis	B-SPEC
C	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
HCV	B-SPEC
)	O
enters	O
human	B-SPEC
hepatocytes	B-ANAT
through	O
a	O
multistep	O
mechanism	O
involving	O
,	O
among	O
other	O
host	B-COMP
proteins	B-CHED
,	O
the	O
virus	B-PRGE
receptor	I-PRGE
CD81	I-PRGE
.	O

We	O
further	O
characterized	O
serum	B-PRGE
response	I-PRGE
factor	I-PRGE
binding	B-FUNC
protein	B-CHED
1	I-PRGE
(	O
SRFBP1	B-PRGE
),	O
which	O
is	O
recruited	O
to	O
CD81	B-PRGE
during	O
HCV	B-SPEC
uptake	O
and	O
supports	O
HCV	B-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
in	O
hepatoma	B-DISO
cells	B-COMP
and	O
primary	O
human	B-SPEC
hepatocytes	B-ANAT
.	O

Taking	O
this	O
as	O
an	O
opportunity	O
,	O
the	O
Korean	O
government	O
should	O
carefully	O
assess	O
the	O
fundamental	O
problems	O
of	O
the	O
vulnerability	O
to	O
hospital	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
and	O
make	O
short	O
-	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
long	O
-	O
term	O
plans	O
for	O
countermeasures	O
.	O

Lung	B-ANAT
elastance	O
decreased	O
(	O
20	O
.	O
5	O
±	O
1	O
.	O
8	O
vs	O
15	O
.	O
5	O
±	O
1	O
.	O
6	O
cmH2O	O
/	O
l	O
,	O
supine	O
vs	O
prone	O
,	O
p	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
001	O
)	O
and	O
functional	B-PROC
residual	I-PROC
capacity	I-PROC
increased	O
(	O
380	O
±	O
82	O
vs	O
459	O
±	O
60	O
ml	O
,	O
supine	O
vs	O
prone	O
,	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
025	O
)	O
in	O
prone	O
position	O
;	O
specific	O
lung	B-ANAT
elastance	O
did	O
not	O
change	O
(	O
7	O
.	O
0	O
±	O
0	O
.	O
5	O
vs	O
6	O
.	O
5	O
±	O
0	O
.	O
5	O
cmH2O	O
,	O
supine	O
vs	O
prone	O
,	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
24	O
).	O

There	O
is	O
no	O
licensed	O
vaccine	O
or	O
antiviral	B-CHED
for	O
MERS	O
,	O
therefore	O
new	O
prophylactic	O
and	O
therapeutic	O
strategies	O
to	O
combat	B-CHED
human	B-SPEC
infections	B-DISO
are	O
needed	O
.	O

The	O
antibody	B-COMP
,	O
named	O
LCA60	O
,	O
binds	B-FUNC
to	O
a	O
novel	O
site	O
on	O
the	O
spike	O
protein	B-CHED
and	O
potently	O
neutralizes	O
infection	B-DISO
of	O
multiple	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
isolates	O
by	O
interfering	O
with	O
the	O
binding	B-FUNC
to	O
the	O
cellular	B-COMP
receptor	O
CD26	B-PRGE
.	O

Importantly	O
,	O
using	O
mice	B-SPEC
transduced	O
with	O
adenovirus	B-DISO
expressing	O
human	B-SPEC
CD26	O
and	O
infected	O
with	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
,	O
we	O
show	O
that	O
LCA60	O
can	O
effectively	O
protect	O
in	O
both	O
prophylactic	O
and	O
postexposure	O
settings	O
.	O

The	O
present	O
review	O
aimed	O
to	O
update	O
the	O
clinical	O
information	O
on	O
pharmacodynamics	O
,	O
pharmacokinetics	B-PROC
,	O
adverse	B-DISO
effects	I-DISO
and	O
drug	B-PROC
interactions	I-PROC
,	O
and	O
to	O
discuss	O
the	O
future	O
directions	O
of	O
alogliptin	O
.	O

The	O
most	O
common	O
risk	O
factor	O
of	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
is	O
severe	B-DISO
sepsis	I-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Full	O
-	O
length	O
genome	O
analysis	O
of	O
canine	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
type	O
I	O
.	O
ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Canine	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
types	O
I	O
(	O
CCoV	O
-	O
I	O
)	O
and	O
II	O
(	O
CCoV	O
-	O
II	O
)	O
are	O
usually	O
responsible	O
for	O
mild	O
enteritis	O
in	O
dogs	B-SPEC
.	O

Thus	O
,	O
this	O
method	O
may	O
provide	O
an	O
insight	O
for	O
the	O
chemical	O
synthesis	B-PROC
of	O
antiviral	B-PRGE
RNA	I-PRGE
molecule	I-PRGE
for	O
the	O
treatment	O
of	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
,	O
at	O
genomic	O
level	O
.	O

All	O
cases	O
are	O
epidemiologically	O
linked	O
to	O
the	O
Arabian	O
Penninsula	O
with	O
most	O
cases	O
reported	O
from	O
the	O
Kingdom	B-SPEC
of	O
Saudi	O
Arabia	O
.	O

MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
has	O
three	O
patterns	O
of	O
presentation	O
:	O
sporadic	O
isolated	O
cases	O
,	O
small	O
clusters	B-CHED
of	O
intra	O
-	O
familial	O
transmission	O
and	O
large	O
healthcare	O
-	O
associated	O
infections	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Genotypes	O
of	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
viruses	B-SPEC
circulating	O
in	O
the	O
Middle	O
East	O
between	O
2009	O
and	O
2014	O
.	O

Tissue	B-ANAT
samples	O
on	O
FTA	O
cards	O
were	O
received	O
over	O
the	O
six	O
-	O
year	O
period	O
.	O

Viral	O
RNA	O
was	O
extracted	O
using	O
phenol	B-CHED
chloroform	B-CHED
and	O
subjected	O
to	O
nested	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
targeting	B-PROC
a	O
393	O
bp	O
region	O
of	O
the	O
S1	B-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
before	O
being	O
followed	O
by	O
sequencing	O
.	O

Included	O
studies	O
must	O
have	O
characterized	O
the	O
clinical	O
outcomes	O
of	O
a	O
cohort	O
of	O
patients	O
treated	O
with	O
oral	B-ANAT
ribavirin	B-CHED
for	O
symptomatic	O
NIRVIs	O
.	O

Newly	O
developed	O
mAbs	O
to	O
the	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
-	O
NP	O
were	O
used	O
in	O
the	O
bELISA	O
and	O
for	O
expediting	O
FFN	O
testing	O
in	O
the	O
detection	O
and	O
quantitation	O
of	O
neutralizing	O
antibodies	B-COMP
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Genetic	O
predisposition	O
and	O
Pediatric	O
Acute	B-DISO
Respiratory	I-DISO
Distress	I-DISO
Syndrome	I-DISO
:	O
New	O
tools	O
for	O
genetic	O
study	O
].	O

Recent	O
experimental	O
data	O
and	O
clinical	O
studies	O
suggest	O
that	O
variations	O
of	O
genes	O
involved	O
in	O
key	O
processes	O
of	O
tissue	B-ANAT
,	O
cellular	B-COMP
and	O
molecular	O
lung	B-ANAT
damage	O
may	O
influence	O
susceptibility	O
and	O
prognosis	O
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

All	O
efforts	O
in	O
the	O
treatment	O
of	O
severe	O
liver	B-ANAT
injuries	O
should	O
be	O
directed	O
to	O
the	O
rapid	O
and	O
effective	O
control	O
of	O
bleeding	B-DISO
,	O
because	O
uncontrollable	O
hemorrhage	B-DISO
is	O
the	O
cause	O
of	O
early	O
death	B-PROC
and	O
it	O
requires	O
massive	O
blood	B-ANAT
transfusion	O
,	O
all	O
of	O
which	O
contributes	O
to	O
the	O
late	O
fatal	O
complication	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Minocycline	B-CHED
-	O
induced	O
acute	B-DISO
eosinophilic	I-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
:	O
A	O
case	O
report	O
and	O
review	O
of	O
the	O
literature	O
.	O

Early	O
bronchoalveolar	O
lavage	O
(	O
BAL	B-ENZY
)	O
is	O
critical	O
in	O
distinguishing	O
the	O
diagnosis	O
to	O
initiate	O
proper	O
management	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
More	O
than	O
half	O
of	O
the	O
dental	O
students	O
(	O
54	O
%)	O
interviewed	O
had	O
good	O
knowledge	O
about	O
the	O
etiology	O
,	O
symptoms	O
,	O
and	O
treatment	O
of	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
.	O
Measurements	O
for	O
infection	B-DISO
control	O
and	O
protection	O
were	O
also	O
known	O
(	O
79	O
%).	O

The	O
sources	O
of	O
information	O
for	O
the	O
students	O
were	O
:	O
college	O
(	O
27	O
%),	O
MOH	O
(	O
25	O
%),	O
media	B-ANAT
(	O
24	O
%),	O
and	O
social	O
community	O
(	O
23	O
%),	O
while	O
17	O
%	O
of	O
the	O
students	O
interviewed	O
had	O
no	O
idea	B-SPEC
about	O
it	O
.	O

Amino	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
sequence	O
comparison	O
and	O
phylogenetic	O
analysis	O
indicated	O
the	O
emergence	O
of	O
a	O
new	O
Moroccan	O
genotype	O
,	O
clustering	O
with	O
regionally	O
related	O
isolates	O
from	O
Spain	O
(	O
Spain	O
/	O
05	O
/	O
866	O
)	O
and	O
belonging	O
to	O
a	O
new	O
sub	O
-	O
genotype	O
.	O

These	O
results	O
justify	O
permanent	O
monitoring	O
of	O
circulating	O
strains	O
in	O
order	B-SPEC
to	O
rationally	O
modify	O
vaccination	O
strategies	O
to	O
make	O
them	O
appropriate	O
to	O
the	O
evolving	O
field	O
situation	O
.	O

Amino	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
sequence	O
comparison	O
and	O
phylogenetic	O
analysis	O
indicated	O
the	O
emergence	O
of	O
a	O
new	O
Moroccan	O
genotype	O
,	O
clustering	O
with	O
regionally	O
related	O
isolates	O
from	O
Spain	O
(	O
Spain	O
/	O
05	O
/	O
866	O
)	O
and	O
belonging	O
to	O
a	O
new	O
sub	O
-	O
genotype	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Anti	O
-	O
infective	O
immunoadhesins	O
from	O
plants	B-SPEC
.	O

As	O
decoy	O
receptors	O
,	O
immunoadhesins	O
have	O
potential	O
advantages	O
over	O
pathogen	O
-	O
targeted	B-PROC
monoclonal	O
antibodies	B-COMP
.	O

MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
NP	O
-	O
NTD	O
was	O
crystallized	O
at	O
293	O
K	O
using	O
PEG	B-CHED
3350	O
as	O
a	O
precipitant	O
and	O
a	O
94	O
.	O
5	O
%	O
complete	O
native	O
data	O
set	O
was	O
collected	O
from	O
a	O
cooled	O
crystal	B-ANAT
at	O
77	O
K	O
to	O
2	O
.	O
63	O
Å	O
resolution	O
with	O
an	O
overall	O
Rmerge	O
of	O
9	O
.	O
6	O
%.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Newly	O
Emerged	O
Porcine	B-SPEC
Deltacoronavirus	O
Associated	O
With	O
Diarrhoea	B-DISO
in	O
Swine	B-SPEC
in	O
China	O
:	O
Identification	O
,	O
Prevalence	O
and	O
Full	O
-	O
Length	O
Genome	O
Sequence	O
Analysis	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
identify	O
and	O
characterize	O
aetiologic	O
agent	O
(	O
s	O
)	O
associated	O
with	O
an	O
outbreak	O
of	O
a	O
severe	O
diarrhoea	O
in	O
piglets	O
in	O
Jiangxi	O
,	O
China	O
,	O
in	O
March	O
2015	O
,	O
a	O
nested	O
reverse	B-PROC
transcription	I-PROC
-	O
polymerase	O
chain	O
reaction	O
(	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
)	O
for	O
the	O
detection	O
of	O
porcine	B-SPEC
deltacoronavirus	O
(	O
PDCoV	O
)	O
was	O
developed	O
.	O

A	O
survey	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
nested	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
established	O
indicated	O
that	O
the	O
monoinfection	O
of	O
PDCoV	O
(	O
33	O
.	O
71	O
%)	O
and	O
coinfection	B-DISO
of	O
PDCoV	O
(	O
19	O
.	O
66	O
%)	O
with	O
porcine	B-SPEC
epidemic	I-SPEC
diarrhoea	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
)	O
were	O
common	O
in	O
diarrhoeal	O
pigs	B-SPEC
in	O
Jiangxi	O
,	O
China	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
recent	O
dramatic	O
increase	O
in	O
reported	O
cases	O
of	O
porcine	B-SPEC
epidemic	B-DISO
diarrhea	I-DISO
(	O
PED	O
)	O
in	O
pig	B-SPEC
farms	O
is	O
a	O
potential	O
threat	O
to	O
the	O
global	O
swine	B-SPEC
industry	O
.	O

To	O
detect	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
antibodies	B-COMP
in	O
eight	O
herds	O
,	O
382	O
serum	B-COMP
samples	O
were	O
collected	O
from	O
sows	O
that	O
had	O
been	O
immunized	O
with	O
a	O
PED	O
vaccine	O
,	O
and	O
screened	O
using	O
the	O
developed	O
ELISA	O
in	O
parallel	O
with	O
a	O
serum	B-COMP
neutralization	O
(	O
SN	O
)	O
assay	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Genotyping	O
of	O
turkey	B-SPEC
coronavirus	B-SPEC
field	O
isolates	O
from	O
various	O
geographic	O
locations	O
in	O
the	O
Unites	O
States	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
spike	O
gene	O
.	O

Twenty	O
-	O
four	O
field	O
isolates	O
of	O
turkey	B-SPEC
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
TCoV	O
)	O
from	O
multiple	O
states	O
in	O
the	O
United	O
States	O
were	O
recovered	O
from	O
1994	O
to	O
2010	O
to	O
determine	O
the	O
genetic	O
relationships	O
among	O
them	O
.	O

The	O
findings	O
of	O
the	O
present	O
study	O
suggest	O
endemic	O
circulation	B-PROC
of	O
distinct	O
TCoV	O
genotypes	O
in	O
different	O
geographic	O
locations	O
.	O

(	O
1	O
)	O
A	O
43	O
years	O
old	O
male	O
of	O
South	O
Korean	O
nationality	O
was	O
admitted	O
with	O
the	O
complaint	O
of	O
back	B-DISO
ache	I-DISO
for	O
7	O
days	O
and	O
fever	B-PROC
2	O
days	O
with	O
the	O
following	O
characteristics	O
:	O
back	B-DISO
ache	I-DISO
7	O
days	O
ago	O
,	O
without	O
fever	B-PROC
or	O
cough	B-DISO
or	O
expectoration	B-ANAT
.	O

On	O
admission	O
,	O
the	O
patient	O
'	O
s	O
chest	B-ANAT
X	O
-	O
ray	B-SPEC
showed	O
that	O
a	O
small	O
amount	O
of	O
infiltration	B-DISO
in	O
the	O
lung	B-ANAT
.	O

It	O
was	O
changed	O
to	O
a	O
low	O
flow	O
oxygen	B-CHED
inhalation	B-PROC
nasal	B-ANAT
cannula	B-SPEC
on	O
the	O
20th	O
day	O
,	O
and	O
oxygen	B-CHED
treatment	O
was	O
stopped	O
on	O
the	O
24th	O
day	O
.	O

There	O
was	O
no	O
sputum	B-ANAT
at	O
first	O
,	O
then	O
a	O
small	O
amount	O
of	O
sputum	B-ANAT
with	O
a	O
little	O
blood	B-ANAT
appeared	O
after	O
the	O
admission	O
.	O

Virus	B-SPEC
in	O
sputum	B-ANAT
disappeared	O
after	O
treatment	O
,	O
but	O
pleural	B-DISO
effusion	I-DISO
was	O
not	O
completely	O
absorbed	O
.	O

Pleural	B-DISO
effusion	I-DISO
was	O
rapidly	O
increased	O
during	O
the	O
first	O
week	O
as	O
shown	O
by	O
chest	B-ANAT
X	O
-	O
ray	B-SPEC
films	O
,	O
and	O
it	O
began	O
to	O
be	O
absorbed	O
gradually	O
in	O
the	O
second	O
week	O
,	O
but	O
it	O
was	O
not	O
completely	O
absorbed	O
until	O
discharge	B-ANAT
.	O

This	O
study	O
provides	O
evidence	O
that	O
CaKVs	O
circulate	O
in	O
diarrhoetic	O
dogs	O
in	O
China	O
and	O
that	O
they	O
exhibit	O
substantial	O
genetic	O
diversity	O
and	O
high	O
co	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
rates	O
with	O
other	O
enteric	O
viruses	B-SPEC
.	O

The	O
virus	B-SPEC
has	O
been	O
repeatedly	O
detected	O
in	O
dromedary	B-SPEC
camels	B-SPEC
(	O
Camelus	B-SPEC
dromedarius	I-SPEC
).	O

Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
isolated	O
from	O
dromedaries	B-SPEC
is	O
genetically	O
and	O
phenotypically	O
similar	O
to	O
viruses	B-SPEC
from	O
humans	B-SPEC
.	O

Remarkably	O
,	O
the	O
NS2B	O
cofactor	B-CHED
plays	O
a	O
central	O
role	O
in	O
maintaining	O
the	O
correlated	O
motion	O
network	O
required	O
for	O
the	O
catalysis	O
as	O
we	O
previously	O
decoded	O
for	O
the	O
SARS	B-PRGE
3CL	I-PRGE
protease	I-PRGE
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Study	O
of	O
antimicrobial	O
activity	O
of	O
a	O
polymer	B-CHED
compound	O
--	O
polyazolidinammonium	O
,	O
modified	O
with	O
hydrate	B-CHED
-	O
ions	B-CHED
of	O
iodine	B-CHED
.	O

High	O
antibacterial	O
activity	O
of	O
the	O
studied	O
compound	O
was	O
established	O
,	O
especially	O
against	O
Gram	B-SPEC
positive	I-SPEC
bacteria	I-SPEC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Total	O
ginsenosides	O
synergize	O
with	O
ulinastatin	O
against	O
septic	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
and	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
A	O
Novel	O
Noonan	B-DISO
Syndrome	I-DISO
RAF1	O
Mutation	O
:	O
Lethal	O
Course	O
in	O
a	O
Preterm	O
Infant	O
.	O

We	O
report	O
a	O
case	O
of	O
Noonan	B-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
in	O
a	O
preterm	O
infant	O
with	O
hypertrophic	B-DISO
cardiomyopathy	I-DISO
and	O
lethal	O
outcome	O
associated	O
to	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
caused	O
by	O
Adenovirus	B-DISO
pneumonia	B-DISO
.	O

It	O
causes	O
severe	O
malarial	O
disease	O
similar	O
to	O
those	O
as	O
Plasmodium	B-SPEC
falciparum	I-SPEC
including	O
cerebral	B-DISO
malaria	B-PATH
,	O
severe	O
anaemia	B-DISO
,	O
severe	O
thrombocytopenia	O
,	O
hepatic	B-DISO
dysfunction	I-DISO
,	O
shock	O
,	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
),	O
acute	B-DISO
renal	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
,	O
and	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
oedema	I-DISO
.	O

Endoscopic	O
treatments	O
(	O
dilation	B-DISO
,	O
laser	B-SPEC
,	O
corticosteroid	B-CHED
injection	O
,	O
etc	O
.)	O
had	O
only	O
transient	O
efficacy	O
.	O

The	O
aim	O
of	O
this	O
study	O
was	O
to	O
explore	O
if	O
positive	O
-	O
pressure	O
ventilation	O
delivered	O
by	O
a	O
conventional	O
ICU	O
ventilator	O
at	O
a	O
moderately	O
high	O
frequency	O
(	O
HFPPV	O
)	O
allows	O
a	O
safe	O
reduction	O
of	O
tidal	O
volume	O
(	O
V	O
T	O
)	O
below	O
6	O
mL	O
/	O
kg	O
in	O
a	O
porcine	B-SPEC
model	O
of	O
severe	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
and	O
at	O
a	O
lower	O
mean	O
airway	B-ANAT
pressure	O
than	O
high	O
-	O
frequency	O
oscillatory	O
ventilation	O
(	O
HFOV	O
).	O

In	O
eight	O
pigs	B-SPEC
(	O
median	O
weight	O
34	O
[	O
29	O
,	O
36	O
]	O
kg	O
),	O
ARDS	B-DISO
was	O
induced	O
by	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
lavage	O
and	O
injurious	O
ventilation	O
.	O

Positive	O
end	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
expiratory	I-PROC
pressure	O
(	O
PEEP	B-CHED
)	O
was	O
14	O
[	O
10	O
,	O
17	O
]	O
cmH2O	O
.	O

Mean	O
airway	B-ANAT
pressure	O
was	O
maintained	O
constant	O
and	O
was	O
increased	O
only	O
during	O
HFOV	O
.	O

This	O
article	O
shows	O
the	O
therapeutic	O
management	O
and	O
the	O
selection	O
criteria	O
for	O
ECMO	O
in	O
neonates	O
and	O
children	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
clinical	O
signs	O
of	O
acquired	O
and	O
congenital	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
that	O
can	O
lead	O
to	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
.	O

Although	O
studied	O
separately	O
,	O
their	O
joint	B-ANAT
occurrence	O
and	O
the	O
molecular	O
diversity	O
in	O
cattle	B-SPEC
in	O
Croatia	O
have	O
not	O
been	O
investigated	O
.	O

BCoV	O
was	O
detected	O
in	O
78	O
.	O
8	O
%	O
of	O
fecal	B-ANAT
samples	O
from	O
symptomatic	O
cattle	B-SPEC
and	O
three	O
nasal	B-ANAT
and	O
paired	O
fecal	B-ANAT
samples	O
from	O
calves	O
with	O
respiratory	B-DISO
symptoms	I-DISO
.	O

BToV	O
was	O
detected	O
in	O
43	O
.	O
2	O
%	O
of	O
fecal	B-ANAT
samples	O
from	O
symptomatic	O
cattle	B-SPEC
and	O
a	O
fecal	B-ANAT
sample	O
from	O
calves	O
with	O
respiratory	B-DISO
symptoms	I-DISO
.	O

Molecular	O
characterisation	O
of	O
those	O
viruses	B-SPEC
revealed	O
some	O
nucleotide	B-CHED
and	O
aminoacid	O
differences	O
in	O
relation	O
to	O
reference	O
strains	O
.	O

BToV	O
should	O
be	O
regarded	O
as	O
a	O
relevant	O
pathogen	O
for	O
cattle	B-SPEC
that	O
plays	O
a	O
synergistic	O
role	O
in	O
mixed	O
enteric	O
infections	B-DISO
.	O

Although	O
two	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
related	O
Rhinolophus	B-SPEC
sinicus	I-SPEC
bat	B-ENZY
CoVs	O
(	O
SARSr	O
-	O
Rs	O
-	O
BatCoVs	O
)	O
previously	O
detected	O
in	O
Chinese	O
horseshoe	B-SPEC
bats	I-SPEC
(	O
Rhinolophus	B-SPEC
sinicus	I-SPEC
)	O
in	O
Yunnan	O
,	O
RsSHC014	O
and	O
Rs3367	O
,	O
possessed	B-DISO
95	O
%	O
genome	O
identities	O
to	O
human	B-SPEC
and	O
civet	B-SPEC
SARSr	O
-	O
CoVs	O
,	O
their	O
ORF8	O
protein	B-CHED
exhibited	O
only	O
32	O
.	O
2	O
to	O
33	O
%	O
amino	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
identities	O
to	O
that	O
of	O
human	B-SPEC
/	O
civet	B-SPEC
SARSr	O
-	O
CoVs	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Complete	O
genome	O
analysis	O
of	O
equine	B-SPEC
coronavirus	B-SPEC
isolated	O
in	O
Japan	O
.	O

All	O
three	O
isolates	O
were	O
genetically	O
similar	O
to	O
NC99	O
(	O
98	O
.	O
2	O
-	O
98	O
.	O
7	O
%),	O
but	O
deletions	O
and	O
insertions	O
were	O
observed	O
in	O
the	O
genes	O
nsp3	B-PRGE
of	O
ORF1a	O
,	O
NS2	B-DISO
and	O
p4	O
.	O
7	O
.	O

In	O
class	B-SPEC
1	O
,	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
,	O
parainfluenza	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
,	O
and	O
rhinovirus	B-SPEC
were	O
the	O
most	O
commonly	O
identified	O
respiratory	O
pathogens	O
;	O
only	O
one	O
influenza	B-DISO
PCR	O
-	O
positive	O
infection	B-DISO
was	O
detected	O
in	O
all	O
four	O
classes	O
.	O

Bed	B-DISO
locations	O
of	O
URI	B-PRGE
/	O
ILI	O
cases	O
in	O
class	B-SPEC
1	O
tended	O
to	O
be	O
in	O
closer	O
proximity	O
to	O
each	O
other	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Hemodynamic	B-PROC
monitoring	O
is	O
frequently	O
needed	O
in	O
ventilated	O
patients	O
with	O
unstable	O
hemodynamics	B-PROC
after	O
open	O
-	O
heart	B-ANAT
surgery	O
.	O

The	O
novel	O
hemodynamic	B-PROC
monitoring	O
device	O
described	O
here	O
appears	O
valuable	O
to	O
help	O
identifying	O
severe	O
post	O
-	O
operative	O
complications	O
and	O
guide	O
acute	O
care	O
.	O

We	O
propose	O
a	O
highly	O
efficient	O
hydrophilic	O
system	O
to	O
disperse	O
the	O
C60	B-CHED
fullerene	I-CHED
based	O
on	O
the	O
accurate	O
atomistic	O
-	O
resolution	O
computer	O
simulations	O
.	O

The	O
introduced	O
system	O
is	O
based	O
on	O
1	B-CHED
-	I-CHED
butyl	I-CHED
-	I-CHED
3	I-CHED
-	I-CHED
methylimidazolium	I-CHED
tetrafluoroborate	B-CHED
,	O
[	O
C4C1IM	O
][	O
BF4	B-CHED
]-	O
water	B-CHED
mixtures	O
.	O

A	O
specially	O
designed	O
ECMO	O
transport	B-PROC
system	O
allows	O
for	O
safe	O
transport	B-PROC
of	O
patients	O
over	O
long	O
distances	O
.	O

Transport	B-PROC
was	O
uneventful	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
patient	O
'	O
s	O
condition	B-DISO
remained	O
stable	O
.	O

The	O
present	O
study	O
aimed	O
to	O
estimate	O
the	O
case	O
fatality	O
ratio	O
(	O
CFR	O
)	O
by	O
appropriately	O
taking	O
into	O
account	O
the	O
time	O
delay	O
from	O
illness	O
onset	O
to	O
death	B-PROC
.	O

Crude	O
ratio	O
of	O
cumulative	O
deaths	B-PROC
to	O
cases	O
underestimates	O
the	O
actual	O
risk	O
of	O
MERS	O
death	B-PROC
because	O
of	O
time	O
delay	O
from	O
illness	O
onset	O
to	O
death	B-PROC
.	O

During	O
the	O
course	O
of	O
the	O
outbreak	O
,	O
estimate	O
of	O
the	O
CFR	B-PRGE
in	O
real	O
time	O
appeared	O
to	O
have	O
decreased	O
and	O
become	O
significantly	O
lower	O
than	O
40	O
%.	O

Strain	O
YN	O
-	O
inoculated	O
birds	B-SPEC
had	O
clinical	O
signs	O
of	O
varying	O
severity	O
with	O
30	O
%	O
mortality	O
,	O
while	O
the	O
attenuated	O
group	O
appeared	O
healthy	O
,	O
with	O
less	O
tissue	B-ANAT
damage	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Use	O
of	O
Isotope	O
-	O
Edited	O
FTIR	O
to	O
Derive	O
a	O
Backbone	B-ANAT
Structure	O
of	O
a	O
Transmembrane	B-COMP
Protein	B-CHED
.	O

Herein	O
,	O
we	O
use	O
noninvasive	O
isotope	O
-	O
edited	O
FTIR	O
spectroscopy	O
to	O
derive	O
a	O
structural	O
model	O
for	O
the	O
SARS	B-PRGE
coronavirus	B-SPEC
E	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
transmembrane	B-COMP
domain	I-PRGE
in	O
lipid	B-ANAT
bilayers	I-ANAT
.	O

Taken	O
together	O
,	O
we	O
show	O
that	O
isotope	O
-	O
edited	O
FTIR	O
is	O
a	O
powerful	O
tool	O
to	O
analyze	O
small	O
membrane	O
proteins	B-CHED
in	O
their	O
native	O
environment	O
,	O
enabling	O
us	O
to	O
relate	O
the	O
unusual	O
structure	O
of	O
the	O
SARS	B-PRGE
E	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
to	O
its	O
function	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
rhinoviruses	O
and	O
coronaviruses	O
are	O
the	O
most	O
common	O
causative	O
agents	O
of	O
the	O
acute	B-DISO
upper	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
tract	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
in	O
humans	B-SPEC
.	O

Hence	O
,	O
acyclic	O
methodology	O
in	O
antiviral	B-CHED
drug	I-CHED
design	O
did	O
not	O
take	O
off	O
until	O
the	O
discovery	O
and	O
subsequent	O
FDA	O
approval	O
of	O
such	O
analogues	O
as	O
Acyclovir	B-CHED
and	O
Tenofovir	B-CHED
.	O

More	O
recently	O
,	O
the	O
observation	O
that	O
flexible	O
nucleosides	B-CHED
could	O
overcome	O
drug	B-PROC
resistance	I-PROC
spawned	O
a	O
renewed	O
interest	O
in	O
the	O
field	O
of	O
nucleoside	B-CHED
drug	O
design	O
.	O

Nonetheless	O
,	O
the	O
target	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
of	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
in	O
vivo	O
are	O
intestinal	B-ANAT
epithelial	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
,	O
during	O
infection	B-DISO
,	O
intestinal	B-ANAT
epithelia	O
would	O
be	O
damaged	O
and	O
resulted	O
in	O
digestive	B-DISO
disorders	I-DISO
.	O

PEDV	B-SPEC
not	O
only	O
failed	O
to	O
induce	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
β	I-PRGE
expression	B-PROC
,	O
but	O
also	O
inhibited	O
dsRNA	B-CHED
-	O
mediated	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
β	I-PRGE
production	O
in	O
IECs	O
.	O

This	O
article	O
describes	O
the	O
cases	O
of	O
two	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
refractory	O
adult	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
who	O
failed	O
to	O
improve	O
after	O
both	O
standard	O
life	O
support	O
measures	O
,	O
including	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
,	O
and	O
additional	O
measures	O
,	O
including	O
extracorporeal	O
ventilation	O
(	O
i	O
.	O
e	O
.,	O
in	O
a	O
heart	B-ANAT
-	O
lung	B-ANAT
machine	O
).	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Positive	O
-	O
strand	O
RNA	O
(+	O
RNA	O
)	O
viruses	O
are	O
an	O
important	O
group	O
of	O
human	B-SPEC
and	O
animal	B-SPEC
pathogens	O
that	O
have	O
significant	O
global	O
health	O
and	O
economic	O
impacts	O
.	O

In	O
this	O
study	O
we	O
characterized	O
the	O
concentration	O
and	O
size	O
distribution	O
of	O
inhalable	O
particles	O
that	O
transport	B-PROC
influenza	B-SPEC
A	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
IAV	O
),	O
porcine	B-SPEC
reproductive	I-SPEC
and	I-SPEC
respiratory	I-SPEC
syndrome	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
PRRSV	B-SPEC
),	O
and	O
porcine	B-SPEC
epidemic	I-SPEC
diarrhea	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
)	O
generated	O
by	O
acutely	O
infected	O
pigs	B-SPEC
and	O
assessed	O
virus	B-SPEC
viability	O
for	O
each	O
particle	O
size	O
range	O
.	O

Infectious	B-DISO
status	O
was	O
demonstrated	O
for	O
the	O
3	O
viruses	B-SPEC
,	O
and	O
in	O
the	O
case	O
of	O
IAV	O
and	O
PRRSV	B-SPEC
,	O
viruses	B-SPEC
were	O
isolated	O
from	O
particles	O
larger	O
than	O
2	O
.	O
1	O
μm	O
.	O

In	O
summary	O
,	O
our	O
results	O
indicated	O
that	O
airborne	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
,	O
IAV	O
and	O
PRRSV	B-SPEC
can	O
be	O
found	O
in	O
a	O
wide	O
range	O
of	O
particle	O
sizes	O
.	O

Collected	O
data	O
included	O
history	O
,	O
and	O
pre	O
-	O
and	O
post	O
-	O
naloxone	B-CHED
data	O
,	O
including	O
respiratory	O
rate	O
(	O
RR	O
),	O
pulse	B-PROC
oximetry	O
(	O
pulse	B-PROC
ox	O
),	O
end	O
-	O
tidal	O
CO2	B-CHED
level	O
(	O
ET	O
-	O
CO2	B-CHED
),	O
and	O
Richmond	O
Agitation	B-DISO
Sedation	B-DISO
Scale	O
(	O
RASS	O
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
A	O
synthetic	O
consensus	O
anti	O
-	O
spike	O
protein	B-CHED
DNA	O
vaccine	O
induces	O
protective	O
immunity	B-PROC
against	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
in	O
nonhuman	O
primates	B-SPEC
.	O

Vaccinated	O
rhesus	B-SPEC
macaques	I-SPEC
seroconverted	O
rapidly	O
and	O
exhibited	O
high	O
levels	O
of	O
virus	B-SPEC
-	O
neutralizing	O
activity	O
.	O

These	O
studies	O
demonstrate	O
that	O
a	O
consensus	O
MERS	O
spike	O
protein	B-CHED
synthetic	O
DNA	O
vaccine	O
can	O
induce	O
protective	O
responses	O
against	O
viral	O
challenge	O
,	O
indicating	O
that	O
this	O
strategy	O
may	O
have	O
value	O
as	O
a	O
possible	O
vaccine	O
modality	O
against	O
this	O
emerging	O
pathogen	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Awareness	O
,	O
Attitudes	O
,	O
and	O
Practices	O
Related	O
to	O
Coronavirus	B-SPEC
Pandemic	O
Among	O
Public	O
in	O
Saudi	O
Arabia	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Laboratory	O
Testing	O
for	O
Middle	O
East	O
Respiratory	O
Syndrome	B-DISO
Coronavirus	B-SPEC
,	O
California	B-SPEC
,	O
USA	O
,	O
2013	O
-	O
2014	O
.	O

To	O
determine	O
if	O
mechanical	O
damage	O
following	O
spray	O
application	O
plays	O
a	O
role	O
in	O
failure	O
of	O
the	O
Ark	B-PRGE
-	O
DPI	O
vaccine	O
,	O
we	O
examined	O
the	O
morphology	O
of	O
three	O
Ark	B-PRGE
-	O
DPI	O
vaccines	O
from	O
different	O
manufacturers	O
using	O
an	O
electron	O
microscope	O
and	O
included	O
a	O
Massachusetts	O
(	O
Mass	O
)	O
vaccine	O
as	O
control	O
.	O

No	O
obvious	O
differences	O
were	O
observed	O
in	O
virus	B-SPEC
morphology	O
and	O
no	O
consistent	O
trend	O
in	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
spikes	O
per	O
virion	B-COMP
was	O
found	O
in	O
before	O
-	O
and	O
after	O
-	O
spray	O
samples	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Porcine	O
epidemic	O
diarrhea	O
virus	O
(	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
)	O
is	O
a	O
pathogen	O
of	O
swine	B-SPEC
that	O
causes	O
severe	B-DISO
diarrhea	I-DISO
and	O
dehydration	B-DISO
resulting	O
in	O
substantial	O
morbidity	O
and	O
mortality	O
in	O
newborn	O
piglets	O
.	O

Phage	O
display	O
is	O
a	O
technique	O
with	O
wide	O
application	O
,	O
in	O
particular	O
,	O
the	O
identification	O
of	O
key	O
antigen	B-CHED
epitopes	O
for	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
therapeutic	O
and	O
diagnostic	O
reagents	B-CHED
and	O
vaccines	O
.	O

After	O
multiple	O
rounds	O
of	O
biopanning	O
and	O
stringent	O
washing	O
,	O
three	O
phage	O
-	O
displayed	O
peptides	B-CHED
,	O
designated	O
L	O
,	O
W	O
and	O
H	O
,	O
were	O
identified	O
that	O
recognize	O
MAb	O
-	O
5E12	O
.	O

In	O
contrast	O
to	O
peptide	B-CHED
M	O
,	O
a	O
consensus	O
motif	O
'	O
PxxY	O
'	O
was	O
identified	O
on	O
both	O
peptides	B-CHED
L	O
and	O
W	O
,	O
and	O
on	O
the	O
S1	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
,	O
but	O
not	O
on	O
peptide	B-CHED
H	O
.	O
Peptide	B-CHED
M	O
and	O
the	O
MAb	O
-	O
5E12	O
-	O
recognizing	O
peptides	B-CHED
L	O
and	O
W	O
significantly	O
inhibited	O
the	O
adsorption	O
of	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
on	O
the	O
cell	B-COMP
surface	I-COMP
as	O
monitored	O
through	O
plaque	B-DISO
-	O
reduction	O
assays	O
.	O

iNO	B-PRGE
and	O
iEPO	O
have	O
shown	O
similar	O
efficacy	O
profiles	O
;	O
however	O
,	O
they	O
differ	O
with	O
respect	O
to	O
cost	O
and	O
ease	O
of	O
therapeutic	O
administration	O
.	O

The	O
most	O
beneficial	O
effects	O
of	O
iEPO	O
have	O
been	O
seen	O
in	O
adult	O
patients	O
with	O
secondary	O
ARDS	B-DISO
as	O
compared	O
with	O
primary	O
ARDS	B-DISO
,	O
most	O
likely	O
due	O
to	O
the	O
difference	O
in	O
etiology	O
of	O
the	O
two	O
disease	O
states	O
,	O
and	O
in	O
patients	O
suffering	B-DISO
from	O
baseline	O
right	O
ventricular	B-ANAT
heart	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
.	O

One	O
patient	O
died	B-PROC
of	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
after	O
treatment	O
with	O
ethanolamine	B-CHED
oleate	B-CHED
.	O

The	O
total	O
sclerosant	O
volume	O
was	O
significantly	O
lower	O
for	O
3	O
%	O
polidocanol	B-CHED
foam	O
(	O
13	O
.	O
5	O
±	O
6	O
.	O
8	O
mL	O
)	O
than	O
for	O
5	O
%	O
ethanolamine	B-CHED
oleate	B-CHED
(	O
30	O
.	O
6	O
±	O
15	O
.	O
6	O
mL	O
)	O
(	O
p	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
01	O
).	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
Polidocanol	B-CHED
foam	O
can	O
achieve	O
obliteration	O
of	O
gastric	B-DISO
varices	I-DISO
comparable	O
to	O
that	O
of	O
ethanolamine	B-CHED
oleate	B-CHED
but	O
with	O
a	O
significantly	O
lower	O
sclerosant	O
dose	O
and	O
reduced	O
risk	O
of	O
hemolysis	B-DISO
-	O
induced	O
complications	O
and	O
harmful	O
reactions	O
,	O
including	O
pain	O
and	O
fever	B-PROC
.	O

The	O
existence	O
of	O
astroviruses	O
(	O
AstVs	O
)	O
in	O
dromedaries	B-SPEC
was	O
previously	O
unknown	O
.	O

Recombination	B-PROC
analysis	O
revealed	O
a	O
possible	O
recombination	B-PROC
event	O
in	O
ORF2	O
of	O
strain	O
DcAstV	O
-	O
274	O
.	O

The	O
low	O
Ka	O
/	O
Ks	O
ratios	O
(	O
number	O
of	O
non	O
-	O
synonymous	O
substitutions	O
per	O
non	O
-	O
synonymous	O
site	O
to	O
number	O
of	O
synonymous	O
substitutions	O
per	O
synonymous	O
site	O
)	O
of	O
the	O
four	O
ORFs	O
in	O
the	O
DcAstV	O
genomes	O
supported	O
the	O
suggestion	O
that	O
dromedaries	B-SPEC
are	O
the	O
natural	O
reservoir	O
where	O
AstV	O
is	O
stably	O
evolving	O
.	O

In	O
humans	B-SPEC
,	O
ARDS	B-DISO
is	O
very	O
well	O
defined	O
by	O
a	O
list	O
of	O
clinical	O
parameters	O
.	O

Murine	B-SPEC
ARDS	B-DISO
models	O
typically	O
are	O
defined	O
by	O
such	O
features	O
as	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
edema	I-DISO
and	O
leukocyte	B-ANAT
infiltration	B-DISO
in	O
cytological	O
preparations	O
of	O
bronchoalveolar	B-ANAT
lavage	I-ANAT
fluid	I-ANAT
and	O
/	O
or	O
lung	B-ANAT
sections	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Murine	B-DISO
hepatitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
MHV	B-SPEC
)	O
has	O
long	O
served	O
as	O
a	O
model	O
system	O
for	O
the	O
study	O
of	O
coronaviruses	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Nucleic	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
(	O
NA	O
)-	O
targeted	B-PROC
tests	O
detect	O
and	O
quantify	O
viral	O
DNA	O
and	O
RNA	O
(	O
collectively	O
xNA	O
)	O
to	O
support	O
epidemiological	O
surveillance	O
and	O
,	O
in	O
individual	O
patients	O
,	O
to	O
guide	O
therapy	O
.	O

Therefore	O
,	O
ECMO	O
might	O
be	O
considered	O
as	O
a	O
bridge	O
therapy	O
for	O
patients	O
with	O
intractable	O
cardiorespiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
caused	O
by	O
AlP	B-CHED
poisoning	O
who	O
are	O
not	O
responding	O
to	O
conventional	O
treatment	O
.	O

In	O
view	O
of	O
recent	O
reports	O
of	O
emergent	O
IBV	B-SPEC
variants	O
in	O
many	O
countries	O
,	O
there	O
is	O
renewed	O
interest	O
in	O
a	O
more	O
complete	O
understanding	O
of	O
poultry	O
immune	B-PROC
responses	I-PROC
to	O
both	O
virulent	O
and	O
vaccine	O
strains	O
of	O
IBVs	O
.	O

Furthermore	O
,	O
significant	O
downregulation	B-PROC
was	O
observed	O
as	O
early	O
as	O
10	O
min	O
after	O
trauma	O
for	O
cytokines	B-PRGE
and	I-PRGE
complement	I-PRGE
factors	I-PRGE
(	O
LCR	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
,	O
C4	O
)	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
for	O
intracellular	B-COMP
signaling	B-CHED
molecules	I-CHED
(	O
inhibitory	O
protein	B-CHED
phosphatase	B-FUNC
)	O
and	O
ion	O
-	O
channels	O
(	O
voltage	B-CHED
-	O
dependent	O
Ca	O
(	O
2	O
+)	O
channel	O
).	O

We	O
used	O
recombinant	O
non	O
-	O
structural	O
protein	B-CHED
9	O
of	O
the	O
arterivirus	B-SPEC
equine	B-SPEC
arteritis	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
EAV	B-SPEC
)	O
and	O
different	O
biochemical	O
assays	O
,	O
including	O
irreversible	O
labeling	O
with	O
a	O
GTP	B-CHED
analog	O
followed	O
by	O
a	O
proteomics	O
analysis	O
,	O
to	O
demonstrate	O
the	O
manganese	B-CHED
-	O
dependent	O
covalent	B-PROC
binding	B-FUNC
of	O
guanosine	B-CHED
and	O
uridine	B-CHED
phosphates	I-CHED
to	O
a	O
lysine	B-CHED
/	O
histidine	B-CHED
residue	I-CHED
.	O

Furthermore	O
,	O
this	O
mutation	O
crippled	O
EAV	B-SPEC
and	O
prevented	O
the	O
replication	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
in	O
cell	B-COMP
culture	O
,	O
indicating	O
that	O
NiRAN	O
is	O
essential	O
for	O
nidoviruses	B-SPEC
.	O

Potential	O
functions	O
supported	O
by	O
NiRAN	O
may	O
include	O
nucleic	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
ligation	O
,	O
mRNA	B-PROC
capping	B-PROC
and	O
protein	B-CHED
-	O
primed	O
RNA	B-PROC
synthesis	I-PROC
,	O
possibilities	O
that	O
remain	O
to	O
be	O
explored	O
in	O
future	O
studies	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Porcine	B-SPEC
epidemic	B-DISO
diarrhea	I-DISO
(	O
PED	O
)	O
is	O
a	O
highly	O
contagious	O
,	O
enteric	O
disease	O
of	O
swine	B-SPEC
caused	O
by	O
the	O
porcine	B-SPEC
epidemic	I-SPEC
diarrhea	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Genome	O
-	O
Wide	O
Screen	O
Reveals	O
Valosin	O
-	O
Containing	O
Protein	B-CHED
Requirement	O
for	O
Coronavirus	B-SPEC
Exit	O
from	O
Endosomes	O
.	O

Thirty	O
of	O
these	O
hits	O
can	O
be	O
placed	O
in	O
a	O
network	O
of	O
interactions	O
with	O
viral	O
proteins	B-CHED
and	O
are	O
involved	O
in	O
RNA	B-PROC
splicing	I-PROC
,	O
membrane	B-COMP
trafficking	B-PROC
,	O
and	O
ubiquitin	B-PROC
conjugation	B-PROC
.	O

The	O
several	O
host	B-COMP
factors	O
identified	O
in	O
this	O
study	O
may	O
provide	O
directions	O
for	O
future	O
research	O
on	O
targeted	B-PROC
therapeutics	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Middle	O
East	O
Respiratory	O
Syndrome	B-DISO
Coronavirus	B-SPEC
nsp1	B-PRGE
Inhibits	O
Host	B-COMP
Gene	B-PROC
Expression	I-PROC
by	O
Selectively	O
Targeting	O
mRNAs	O
Transcribed	O
in	O
the	O
Nucleus	B-COMP
while	O
Sparing	O
mRNAs	O
of	O
Cytoplasmic	B-COMP
Origin	O
.	O

Furthermore	O
,	O
like	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
nsp1	I-PRGE
,	O
the	O
mRNA	B-PROC
degradation	I-PROC
activity	O
of	O
MERS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
nsp1	I-PRGE
,	O
most	O
probably	O
triggered	O
by	O
its	O
ability	O
to	O
induce	O
an	O
endonucleolytic	O
RNA	O
cleavage	B-PROC
,	O
was	O
separable	O
from	O
its	O
translation	B-PROC
inhibitory	O
function	O
.	O

Interestingly	O
,	O
consistent	O
with	O
this	O
notion	O
,	O
MERS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
nsp1	I-PRGE
selectively	O
targeted	B-PROC
mRNAs	O
,	O
which	O
are	O
transcribed	O
in	O
the	O
nucleus	B-COMP
and	O
transported	O
to	O
the	O
cytoplasm	B-COMP
,	O
for	O
translation	B-PROC
inhibition	B-PROC
and	O
mRNA	B-PROC
degradation	I-PROC
but	O
spared	O
exogenous	O
mRNAs	O
introduced	O
directly	O
into	O
the	O
cytoplasm	B-COMP
or	O
virus	B-SPEC
-	O
like	O
mRNAs	O
that	O
originate	O
in	O
the	O
cytoplasm	B-COMP
.	O

Injured	O
lungs	B-ANAT
can	O
be	O
partially	O
protected	O
by	O
optimal	O
settings	O
and	O
ventilation	O
modes	O
,	O
using	O
low	O
tidal	O
volume	O
(	O
VT	O
)	O
values	O
and	O
high	O
positive	O
-	O
end	O
expiratory	B-PROC
pressure	O
(	O
PEEP	B-CHED
).	O

For	O
the	O
amplification	B-DISO
of	O
nucleocapsid	B-COMP
(	O
N	O
)	O
and	O
RNA	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
dependent	I-PRGE
RNA	I-PRGE
polymerase	I-PRGE
(	O
RdRp	B-FUNC
)	O
genes	O
,	O
hemi	O
-	O
nested	O
PCR	O
(	O
Invitrogen	O
,	O
ABD	B-ANAT
)	O
was	O
conducted	O
,	O
followed	O
by	O
sequence	O
analysis	O
of	O
204	O
nucleotide	B-CHED
part	O
of	O
N	B-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
.	O

There	O
was	O
no	O
nucleotide	B-CHED
or	O
aminoacid	O
change	O
in	O
our	O
isolate	O
,	O
namely	O
ANK	O
/	O
1079	O
/	O
2014	O
when	O
compared	O
with	O
human	B-SPEC
Betacoronavirus	B-SPEC
2c	O
EMC	B-COMP
/	O
2012	O
reference	O
strain	O
found	O
in	O
Genbank	O
database	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
causes	O
high	O
fever	B-PROC
,	O
cough	B-DISO
,	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
tract	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
and	O
multiorgan	O
dysfunction	O
that	O
may	O
eventually	O
lead	O
to	O
the	O
death	B-PROC
of	O
the	O
infected	O
individuals	O
.	O

The	O
occurrence	O
of	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
was	O
first	O
reported	O
in	O
the	O
Middle	O
East	O
and	O
it	O
subsequently	O
spread	O
to	O
several	O
parts	O
of	O
the	O
world	O
.	O

Currently	O
,	O
no	O
drug	O
has	O
been	O
clinically	O
approved	O
to	O
control	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Two	O
novel	O
neutralizing	O
antigenic	O
epitopes	O
of	O
the	O
s1	O
subunit	O
protein	B-CHED
of	O
a	O
QX	O
-	O
like	O
avian	B-SPEC
infectious	I-DISO
bronchitis	I-DISO
virus	O
strain	O
Sczy3	O
as	O
revealed	O
using	O
a	O
phage	O
display	O
peptide	B-CHED
library	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
spike	O
(	O
S	O
)	O
protein	B-CHED
of	O
the	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
IBV	B-SPEC
)	O
plays	O
a	O
central	O
role	O
in	O
the	O
pathogenicity	O
,	O
the	O
immune	O
antibody	B-PROC
production	I-PROC
,	O
serotype	O
and	O
the	O
tissue	B-PROC
tropism	B-PROC
.	O

Acute	O
compartment	B-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
is	O
a	O
potentially	O
devastating	O
sequela	O
of	O
soft	O
-	O
tissue	B-ANAT
injury	O
that	O
complicates	O
high	O
-	O
energy	O
injuries	O
such	O
as	O
proximal	O
tibia	O
fractures	O
.	O

Prone	O
position	O
ventilation	O
(	O
PPV	B-CHED
)	O
has	O
been	O
shown	O
to	O
improve	O
the	O
prognosis	O
of	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

This	O
study	O
explored	O
the	O
effects	O
of	O
PPV	B-CHED
on	O
the	O
respiratory	O
and	O
circulatory	B-PROC
mechanics	O
of	O
H7N9	O
-	O
infected	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

Individuals	O
admitted	O
to	O
four	O
hospitals	O
designated	O
for	O
H7N9	O
patients	O
in	O
Guangdong	O
province	O
were	O
treated	O
with	O
PPV	B-CHED
,	O
and	O
their	O
clinical	O
data	O
were	O
recorded	O
before	O
and	O
after	O
receiving	O
PPV	B-CHED
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Six	O
of	O
20	O
critically	B-DISO
ill	I-DISO
patients	O
in	O
the	O
ICU	O
received	O
PPV	B-CHED
.	O

Additionally	O
,	O
there	O
were	O
no	O
significant	O
differences	O
in	O
the	O
mean	O
values	O
for	O
arterial	B-PROC
pressure	I-PROC
(	O
MAP	O
),	O
cardiac	B-ANAT
index	O
(	O
CI	O
),	O
central	O
venous	B-PROC
pressure	I-PROC
(	O
CVP	O
),	O
heart	B-ANAT
rate	O
(	O
HR	O
),	O
lactic	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
(	O
LAC	B-CHED
)	O
levels	O
or	O
the	O
doses	O
of	O
norepinephrine	B-CHED
(	O
NE	O
)	O
administered	O
when	O
compared	O
pre	O
-	O
PPV	B-CHED
,	O
post	O
-	O
PPV	B-CHED
,	O
and	O
post	O
-	O
SPV	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
The	O
dilemma	O
of	O
rare	O
events	O
:	O
Porcine	B-SPEC
epidemic	I-SPEC
diarrhea	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
in	O
North	O
America	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Glomerulonephritis	B-DISO
in	O
a	O
ferret	B-SPEC
with	O
feline	B-SPEC
coronavirus	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
.	O

In	O
affected	O
glomeruli	O
,	O
glomerular	B-ANAT
capillary	I-ANAT
walls	O
and	O
mesangial	O
areas	O
were	O
positive	O
for	O
anti	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
ferret	I-PRGE
immunoglobulin	B-PROC
G	O
.	O
By	O
electron	O
microscopy	O
,	O
subepithelial	O
and	O
mesangial	O
electron	O
-	O
dense	O
deposits	O
were	O
observed	O
consistent	O
with	O
immune	O
complex	O
deposition	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Porcine	O
epidemic	B-DISO
diarrhea	I-DISO
(	O
PED	O
)	O
is	O
a	O
devastating	O
disease	O
in	O
livestock	O
industry	O
.	O

The	O
overexpression	B-PROC
of	O
NPIPB3	O
restored	O
the	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
β	I-PRGE
responses	O
in	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
ORF6	I-PRGE
expressing	O
cells	B-COMP
,	O
indicating	O
that	O
the	O
interaction	O
of	O
SARS	B-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
ORF6	I-PRGE
and	O
NPIPB3	O
reduced	O
Type	B-PRGE
I	I-PRGE
IFN	I-PRGE
antagonism	O
by	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
ORF6	I-PRGE
.	O

The	O
coimmunoprecipitation	O
assay	O
demonstrated	O
the	O
direct	O
binding	B-FUNC
of	O
ORF6	O
to	O
the	O
C	O
-	O
terminal	O
domain	O
of	O
NPIPB3	O
in	O
vitro	O
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
The	O
overexpression	B-PROC
of	O
NPIPB3	O
restored	O
the	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
β	I-PRGE
responses	O
in	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
ORF6	I-PRGE
expressing	O
cells	B-COMP
,	O
indicating	O
that	O
the	O
interaction	O
of	O
SARS	B-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
ORF6	I-PRGE
and	O
NPIPB3	O
reduced	O
Type	B-PRGE
I	I-PRGE
IFN	I-PRGE
antagonism	O
by	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
ORF6	I-PRGE
.	O

This	O
case	O
report	O
highlights	O
the	O
complication	B-DISO
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
during	O
the	O
course	O
of	O
Pv	O
infection	B-DISO
in	O
a	O
60	O
-	O
year	O
-	O
old	O
woman	O
.	O

The	O
data	O
indicated	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
mono	B-DISO
-	O
Pv	O
infection	B-DISO
in	O
the	O
patient	O
'	O
s	O
blood	B-ANAT
,	O
and	O
Pf	O
infection	B-DISO
was	O
specifically	O
ruled	O
out	O
.	O

The	O
patient	O
was	O
discharged	O
after	O
intensive	O
supportive	O
care	O
and	O
antimalarial	B-CHED
treatment	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Dysregulation	O
of	O
the	O
innate	O
immune	O
system	O
drives	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
and	O
its	O
systemic	O
sequelae	O
due	O
to	O
breakdown	B-DISO
of	O
vascular	B-ANAT
barrier	O
function	O
,	O
harmful	O
hyperinflammation	O
and	O
microcirculatory	O
failure	O
,	O
which	O
contribute	O
to	O
the	O
unfavourable	O
outcome	O
of	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Pulmonary	B-ANAT
ultrasound	O
and	O
pulse	B-PROC
oximetry	O
versus	O
chest	B-ANAT
radiography	O
and	O
arterial	B-ANAT
blood	I-ANAT
gas	O
analysis	O
for	O
the	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
distress	O
syndrome	O
:	O
a	O
pilot	O
study	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Bats	B-SPEC
and	O
Viruses	B-SPEC
:	O
complex	O
relationships	O
].	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
With	O
more	O
than	O
1	O
200	O
species	B-SPEC
,	O
bats	B-SPEC
and	O
flying	O
foxes	O
(	O
Order	B-SPEC
Chiroptera	I-SPEC
)	O
constitute	O
the	O
most	O
important	O
and	O
diverse	O
order	B-SPEC
of	O
Mammals	B-SPEC
after	O
Rodents	B-SPEC
.	O

Many	O
species	B-SPEC
of	O
bats	B-SPEC
are	O
insectivorous	O
while	O
others	O
are	O
frugivorous	O
and	O
few	O
of	O
them	O
are	O
hematophagous	O
.	O

Some	O
of	O
these	O
animals	B-SPEC
fly	B-SPEC
during	O
the	O
night	O
,	O
others	O
are	O
crepuscular	O
or	O
diurnal	O
.	O

Some	O
fly	B-SPEC
long	O
distances	O
during	O
seasonal	O
migrations	O
.	O

More	O
than	O
sixty	O
viruses	B-SPEC
have	O
been	O
detected	O
or	O
isolated	O
in	O
bats	B-SPEC
;	O
these	O
animals	B-SPEC
are	O
therefore	O
involved	O
in	O
the	O
natural	O
cycles	O
of	O
many	O
of	O
them	O
.	O

This	O
is	O
the	O
case	O
,	O
for	O
instance	O
,	O
of	O
rabies	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
and	O
other	O
Lyssavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
Family	B-SPEC
Rhabdoviridae	I-SPEC
),	O
Nipah	O
and	O
Hendra	O
viruses	B-SPEC
(	O
Paramyxoviridae	B-SPEC
),	O
Ebola	O
and	O
Marburg	B-SPEC
viruses	I-SPEC
(	O
Filoviridae	B-SPEC
),	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
and	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
(	O
Coronaviridae	B-SPEC
).	O

Some	O
of	O
these	O
bat	B-ENZY
-	O
borne	O
viruses	B-SPEC
cause	O
highly	O
pathogenic	O
diseases	O
while	O
others	O
are	O
of	O
potential	O
significance	O
for	O
humans	B-SPEC
and	O
domestic	O
or	O
wild	O
animals	B-SPEC
;	O
so	O
,	O
bats	B-SPEC
are	O
an	O
important	O
risk	O
in	O
human	B-SPEC
and	O
animal	B-SPEC
public	O
health	O
.	O

It	O
is	O
also	O
necessary	O
to	O
get	O
a	O
better	O
knowledge	O
of	O
the	O
interactions	O
between	O
bats	B-SPEC
and	O
ecologic	O
changes	O
induced	O
by	O
man	B-CHED
and	O
to	O
attentively	O
follow	O
bat	B-ENZY
populations	O
and	O
their	O
viruses	B-SPEC
through	O
surveillance	O
networks	O
involving	O
human	B-SPEC
and	O
veterinary	O
physicians	O
,	O
specialists	O
of	O
wild	O
fauna	O
,	O
ecologists	O
,	O
etc	O
.	O

Calcium	B-PROC
transport	I-PROC
through	O
the	O
E	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
IC	I-PRGE
was	O
the	O
main	O
trigger	O
of	O
this	O
process	O
.	O

Murine	B-SPEC
sialic	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
-	O
binding	B-FUNC
immunoglobulin	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
like	I-PRGE
lectin	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
E	I-PRGE
(	O
Siglec	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
E	I-PRGE
)	O
and	O
its	O
human	B-SPEC
orthologs	O
Siglec	O
-	O
7	O
and	O
Siglec	O
-	O
9	O
are	O
immunomodulatory	O
receptors	O
found	O
predominantly	O
on	O
hematopoietic	O
cells	B-COMP
.	O

These	O
receptors	O
are	O
important	O
negative	O
regulators	O
of	O
acute	O
inflammatory	B-DISO
responses	I-DISO
and	O
are	O
potential	O
targets	O
for	O
the	O
treatment	O
of	O
sepsis	B-DISO
and	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

We	O
also	O
established	O
that	O
interleukin	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
10	I-PRGE
(	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
10	I-FUNC
)	O
induced	O
Siglec	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
E	I-PRGE
expression	B-PROC
and	O
α2	O
,	O
8	O
NANA	O
-	O
NP	O
further	O
augmented	O
the	O
expression	B-PROC
of	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
10	I-FUNC
.	O

In	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
6	O
duplex	O
real	O
-	O
time	O
PCR	O
assays	O
,	O
using	O
EvaGreen	O
intercalating	O
dye	B-CHED
,	O
were	O
developed	O
to	O
detect	O
12	O
major	O
viruses	B-SPEC
responsible	O
for	O
respiratory	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
:	O
influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
and	O
B	O
viruses	B-SPEC
,	O
enteroviruses	B-SPEC
(	O
including	O
enterovirus	B-SPEC
spp	B-ENZY
,	O
and	O
rhinovirus	B-SPEC
spp	B-ENZY
),	O
respiratory	B-SPEC
syncytial	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
,	O
human	B-SPEC
metapneumovirus	I-SPEC
,	O
coronaviruses	O
group	O
I	O
(	O
of	O
which	O
CoV	O
229E	O
and	O
CoV	O
NL63	O
are	O
part	O
)	O
and	O
II	O
(	O
including	O
CoV	O
OC43	O
and	O
CoV	O
HKU1	O
),	O
parainfluenza	B-DISO
viruses	B-SPEC
type	O
1	O
,	O
2	O
,	O
3	O
and	O
4	O
,	O
human	B-SPEC
adenoviruses	B-SPEC
and	O
human	B-SPEC
bocaviruses	B-SPEC
.	O

In	O
contrast	O
,	O
respiratory	B-SPEC
syncytial	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
was	O
the	O
most	O
common	O
virus	B-SPEC
in	O
children	O
,	O
followed	O
by	O
enteroviruses	B-SPEC
,	O
influenza	B-SPEC
A	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
and	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
NL63	O
.	O

Here	O
we	O
provide	O
a	O
head	B-ANAT
-	O
to	O
-	O
head	B-ANAT
comparison	O
of	O
exposure	O
patterns	O
and	O
transmission	O
dynamics	O
of	O
large	O
hospital	O
clusters	B-CHED
of	O
MERS	O
and	O
SARS	B-DISO
,	O
including	O
the	O
most	O
recent	O
South	O
Korean	O
outbreak	O
of	O
MERS	O
in	O
2015	O
.	O

To	O
assess	O
the	O
unexpected	O
nature	O
of	O
the	O
recent	O
South	O
Korean	O
nosocomial	O
outbreak	O
of	O
MERS	O
and	O
estimate	O
the	O
probability	O
of	O
future	O
large	O
hospital	O
clusters	B-CHED
,	O
we	O
compared	O
exposure	O
and	O
transmission	O
patterns	O
for	O
previously	O
reported	O
hospital	O
clusters	B-CHED
of	O
MERS	O
and	O
SARS	B-DISO
,	O
based	O
on	O
individual	O
-	O
level	O
data	O
and	O
transmission	O
tree	O
information	O
.	O

There	O
was	O
a	O
systematic	O
difference	O
in	O
the	O
exposure	O
patterns	O
of	O
MERS	O
and	O
SARS	B-DISO
:	O
a	O
majority	O
of	O
MERS	O
cases	O
occurred	O
among	O
patients	O
who	O
sought	O
care	O
in	O
the	O
same	O
facilities	O
as	O
the	O
index	O
case	O
,	O
whereas	O
there	O
was	O
a	O
greater	O
concentration	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
cases	O
among	O
healthcare	O
workers	O
throughout	O
the	O
outbreak	O
.	O

In	O
this	O
report	O
,	O
we	O
present	O
the	O
case	O
of	O
a	O
55	O
-	O
year	O
-	O
old	O
male	O
who	O
died	B-PROC
of	O
a	O
severe	O
febrile	B-DISO
neutropenia	I-DISO
during	O
adjuvant	B-CHED
chemotherapy	O
.	O

We	O
have	O
shown	O
that	O
experimental	O
sepsis	B-DISO
in	O
baboons	B-SPEC
recapitulates	O
ARDS	B-DISO
progression	O
in	O
humans	B-SPEC
,	O
including	O
chronic	B-DISO
inflammation	I-DISO
and	O
long	O
-	O
lasting	O
fibrosis	B-DISO
in	O
the	O
lung	B-ANAT
.	O

We	O
identified	O
the	O
important	O
functions	O
of	O
the	O
ns12	O
.	O
9	O
viroporin	O
in	O
virion	B-COMP
morphogenesis	B-PROC
during	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
OC43	I-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
is	O
defined	O
as	O
the	O
acute	O
onset	O
of	O
noncardiogenic	O
edema	B-DISO
and	O
subsequent	O
gas	B-ENZY
-	O
exchange	O
impairment	B-DISO
due	O
to	O
a	O
severe	O
inflammatory	O
process	O
.	O

Therefore	O
,	O
the	O
routine	O
use	O
of	O
ω	O
-	O
3	O
fatty	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
-	O
enriched	O
nutrition	O
cannot	O
be	O
recommended	O
and	O
further	O
large	O
,	O
homogeneous	O
,	O
and	O
high	O
-	O
quality	O
clinical	O
trials	O
need	O
to	O
be	O
conducted	O
to	O
clarify	O
the	O
effectiveness	O
of	O
ω	O
-	O
3	O
polyunsaturated	B-CHED
fatty	I-CHED
acids	I-CHED
.	O

We	O
conducted	O
two	O
prospective	O
cohort	O
studies	O
at	O
an	O
urban	O
,	O
academic	O
,	O
level	O
I	O
trauma	O
center	O
and	O
tertiary	O
referral	O
center	O
;	O
497	O
patients	O
with	O
trauma	O
admitted	O
to	O
the	O
surgical	O
intensive	O
care	O
unit	O
between	O
2005	O
and	O
2010	O
with	O
an	O
injury	O
severity	O
score	O
>	O
15	O
and	O
759	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	B-DISO
sepsis	I-DISO
admitted	O
to	O
the	O
medical	O
intensive	O
care	O
unit	O
between	O
2008	O
and	O
2013	O
were	O
followed	O
for	O
6	O
days	O
for	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
incident	O
AKI	O
.	O

Based	O
on	O
CT	O
data	O
,	O
clinical	O
data	O
,	O
and	O
virological	O
data	O
,	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
inoculation	O
of	O
common	B-SPEC
marmosets	I-SPEC
results	O
in	O
mild	O
to	O
moderate	O
clinical	O
signs	O
of	O
disease	O
that	O
are	O
likely	O
due	O
to	O
manipulations	O
of	O
the	O
marmoset	B-SPEC
rather	O
than	O
as	O
a	O
result	O
of	O
robust	O
viral	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
coronavirus	O
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
is	O
an	O
emerging	O
highly	O
pathogenic	O
respiratory	O
virus	B-SPEC
.	O

Indirect	O
immunofluorescence	O
assay	O
(	O
FOCUS	O
Diagnostics	O
Inc	O
.)	O
was	O
performed	O
to	O
detect	O
IgM	B-PRGE
and	O
IgG	B-PRGE
antibodies	I-PRGE
to	O
Rickettsia	B-SPEC
conorii	I-SPEC
.	O

During	O
this	O
time	O
,	O
CDC	O
'	O
s	O
response	O
integrated	O
multiple	O
disciplines	O
and	O
was	O
divided	O
into	O
three	O
distinct	O
phases	O
:	O
before	O
,	O
during	O
,	O
and	O
after	O
the	O
initial	O
activation	O
of	O
its	O
Emergency	B-DISO
Operations	O
Center	O
.	O

CDC	O
'	O
s	O
response	O
to	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
required	O
a	O
large	O
effort	B-PROC
,	O
deploying	O
at	O
least	O
353	O
staff	O
members	O
who	O
worked	O
in	O
the	O
areas	O
of	O
surveillance	O
,	O
laboratory	O
capacity	O
,	O
infection	B-DISO
control	O
guidance	O
,	O
and	O
travelers	O
'	O
health	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Suppression	B-PROC
subtractive	O
hybridization	B-PROC
method	O
for	O
the	O
identification	O
of	O
a	O
new	O
strain	O
of	O
murine	B-SPEC
hepatitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
from	O
xenografted	O
SCID	B-DISO
mice	B-SPEC
.	O

Analysis	O
at	O
the	O
protein	B-CHED
level	O
showed	O
that	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
was	O
closely	O
related	O
to	O
the	O
highly	O
virulent	O
MHV	B-SPEC
-	O
JHM	O
strain	O
.	O

Immunized	O
dogs	B-SPEC
accounted	O
for	O
48	O
.	O
42	O
%	O
of	O
95	O
CPV	B-SPEC
-	O
2	O
-	O
positive	O
samples	O
.	O

The	O
pretravel	O
medical	O
consultation	O
includes	O
immunizations	O
,	O
malaria	B-PATH
chemoprophylaxis	O
,	O
self	O
-	O
treatment	O
for	O
traveler	B-DISO
'	I-DISO
s	I-DISO
diarrhea	I-DISO
,	O
and	O
advice	O
on	O
the	O
prevention	O
of	O
a	O
myriad	O
of	O
other	O
infectious	B-DISO
causes	O
including	O
dengue	B-DISO
,	O
chikungunya	B-DISO
,	O
rickettsiosis	B-DISO
,	O
leptospirosis	B-DISO
,	O
schistosomiasis	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
strongyloidiasis	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
A	O
Highly	O
Immunogenic	O
and	O
Protective	O
Middle	O
East	O
Respiratory	O
Syndrome	B-DISO
Coronavirus	B-SPEC
Vaccine	O
Based	O
on	O
a	O
Recombinant	O
Measles	O
Virus	O
Vaccine	O
Platform	O
.	O

The	O
main	O
areas	O
during	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
of	O
lungs	B-ANAT
in	O
patients	O
with	O
a	O
sharp	O
decline	O
in	O
restrictive	O
lung	B-PROC
function	I-PROC
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
,	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
),	O
regardless	O
of	O
the	O
reason	O
it	O
was	O
summoned	O
,	O
optimal	O
value	O
is	O
the	O
observance	O
of	O
the	O
positive	O
end	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
expiratory	I-PROC
pressure	O
,	O
the	O
ratio	O
of	O
inhale	B-PROC
/	O
exhale	O
(	O
depending	O
on	O
the	O
degree	O
of	O
hypoxemia	O
),	O
to	O
maintain	O
sufficient	O
blood	B-PROC
oxygen	B-CHED
saturation	I-PROC
and	O
partial	B-PROC
pressure	I-PROC
of	I-PROC
oxygen	I-PROC
in	O
the	O
blood	B-ANAT
plasma	I-ANAT
.	O

As	O
this	O
complication	B-DISO
may	O
appear	O
after	O
a	O
free	O
interval	O
of	O
24	O
-	O
48	O
h	O
,	O
detection	O
of	O
patients	O
at	O
risk	O
is	O
essential	O
.	O

A	O
TTS	O
score	O
of	O
13	O
-	O
25	O
was	O
found	O
to	O
be	O
independent	O
risk	O
factors	O
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
(	O
OR	O
25	O
.	O
8	O
[	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
6	O
.	O
7	O
-	O
99	O
.	O
6	O
]	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
001	O
).	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
investigate	O
the	O
clinical	O
value	O
of	O
B	O
-	O
type	O
natriuretic	O
peptide	B-CHED
(	O
BNP	O
)	O
in	O
the	O
assessment	O
of	O
severity	O
and	O
prognosis	O
in	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
/	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ALI	O
/	O
ARDS	B-DISO
).	O

Plasma	B-ANAT
BNP	O
level	O
,	O
arterial	B-ANAT
blood	I-ANAT
gases	O
,	O
serum	B-PRGE
C	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
reactive	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
level	O
,	O
alveolar	B-ANAT
-	O
arterial	B-ANAT
oxygen	B-PROC
tension	B-DISO
difference	O
and	O
oxygenation	B-PROC
index	O
were	O
measured	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
and	O
without	O
ALI	O
/	O
ARDS	B-DISO
within	O
24	O
h	O
of	O
admission	O
to	O
an	O
intensive	O
care	O
unit	O
.	O

When	O
divided	O
according	O
to	O
outcome	O
,	O
the	O
BNP	B-PRGE
level	O
in	O
the	O
death	B-PROC
group	O
(	O
267	O
.	O
07	O
±	O
45	O
.	O
06	O
pg	O
/	O
ml	O
)	O
was	O
significantly	O
higher	O
than	O
in	O
the	O
survival	O
group	O
(	O
128	O
.	O
99	O
±	O
45	O
.	O
42	O
pg	O
/	O
ml	O
).	O

Ingenuity	O
Pathway	B-PROC
Analysis	O
was	O
employed	O
to	O
investigate	O
the	O
canonical	O
pathways	B-PROC
and	O
functional	O
networks	O
involved	O
in	O
both	O
PEDV	O
infections	B-DISO
.	O

Compounds	O
1	O
-	O
3	O
,	O
and	O
6	O
were	O
evaluated	O
for	O
their	O
antiviral	B-CHED
activity	O
against	O
the	O
porcine	B-SPEC
epidemic	I-SPEC
diarrhea	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
).	O

Serial	O
lactate	B-CHED
monitoring	O
is	O
a	O
useful	O
tool	O
to	O
gauge	O
global	O
tissue	B-ANAT
hypoxia	B-DISO
in	O
emergency	B-DISO
department	O
(	O
ED	O
)	O
patients	O
with	O
sepsis	B-DISO
.	O

We	O
hypothesized	O
that	O
patients	O
undergoing	O
serial	O
lactate	B-CHED
monitoring	O
(	O
SL	O
)	O
would	O
demonstrate	O
a	O
decreased	O
incidence	O
of	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
complications	I-DISO
.	O

A	O
total	O
of	O
243	O
patients	O
were	O
assigned	O
to	O
SL	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
132	O
)	O
or	O
no	O
serial	O
lactate	B-CHED
monitoring	O
(	O
NL	O
;	O
n	O
=	O
111	O
).	O

Acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
incidence	O
is	O
also	O
influenced	O
by	O
ED	O
-	O
based	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
.	O

In	O
the	O
a	O
priori	O
subgroup	O
of	O
patients	O
mechanically	O
ventilated	O
in	O
the	O
ED	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
97	O
),	O
those	O
who	O
developed	O
ARDS	B-DISO
received	O
higher	O
tidal	O
volumes	O
compared	O
to	O
patients	O
who	O
did	O
not	O
develop	O
ARDS	B-DISO
(	O
8	O
.	O
7	O
mL	O
/	O
kg	O
predicted	O
body	B-ANAT
weight	O
[	O
interquartile	O
range	O
,	O
7	O
.	O
6	O
-	O
9	O
.	O
5	O
]	O
vs	O
7	O
.	O
6	O
[	O
interquartile	O
range	O
,	O
6	O
.	O
8	O
-	O
9	O
.	O
0	O
];	O
P	O
<.	O
01	O
).	O

The	O
primers	O
and	O
probes	O
for	O
these	O
assays	O
were	O
evaluated	O
and	O
found	O
to	O
have	O
a	O
limit	O
of	O
detection	O
(	O
LOD	B-FUNC
)	O
of	O
0	O
.	O
005	O
plaque	B-DISO
-	O
forming	O
units	O
/	O
PCR	O
(	O
pfu	B-CHED
/	O
PCR	O
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Host	B-COMP
-	O
directed	O
therapies	O
for	O
improving	O
poor	O
treatment	O
outcomes	O
associated	O
with	O
the	O
middle	O
east	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
.	O

We	O
discuss	O
the	O
rationale	O
and	O
potential	O
of	O
using	O
Host	B-COMP
-	O
Directed	O
Therapies	O
for	O
improving	O
the	O
poor	O
treatment	O
outcomes	O
associated	O
with	O
MERS	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Case	O
-	O
ascertained	O
study	O
of	O
household	O
transmission	O
of	O
seasonal	O
influenza	B-DISO
-	O
South	O
Africa	O
,	O
2013	O
.	O

The	O
virus	B-SPEC
has	O
caused	O
several	O
healthcare	O
-	O
related	O
outbreaks	O
,	O
so	O
prompt	O
recognition	O
and	O
patient	O
isolation	O
are	O
critical	O
to	O
containing	O
the	O
spread	O
of	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

Further	O
experiments	O
show	O
that	O
mice	B-SPEC
deficient	O
of	O
p47phox	B-PRGE
,	O
a	O
nicotinamide	B-CHED
adenine	I-CHED
dinucleotide	I-CHED
phosphate	I-CHED
(	O
NADPH	B-PRGE
)	O
oxidase	B-PRGE
subunit	O
that	O
controls	O
acute	O
ROS	B-CHED
production	O
,	O
present	O
with	O
reductions	O
in	O
NLRP3	B-PRGE
inflammasome	I-PRGE
activation	I-PRGE
and	I-PRGE
subsequent	I-PRGE
IL	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
1β	I-PRGE
secretion	B-PROC
during	O
viral	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
,	O
which	O
appears	O
to	O
be	O
responsible	O
for	O
acquiring	O
resilience	O
to	O
viral	O
FH	O
.	O

Our	O
results	O
demonstrate	O
that	O
the	O
ROS	B-PRGE
/	O
NLRP3	B-PRGE
/	O
IL	O
-	O
1β	O
axis	B-SPEC
institutes	O
an	O
essential	O
signaling	B-PROC
pathway	I-PROC
,	O
which	O
is	O
over	O
activated	O
and	O
directly	O
causes	O
the	O
severe	O
liver	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
during	O
viral	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
,	O
which	O
sheds	O
light	O
on	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
efficient	O
treatments	O
for	O
human	B-SPEC
viral	O
FH	O
and	O
other	O
severe	O
inflammatory	O
diseases	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Viral	O
interaction	O
in	O
which	O
outbreaks	O
of	O
influenza	B-DISO
and	O
other	O
common	O
respiratory	O
viruses	B-SPEC
might	O
affect	O
each	O
other	O
has	O
been	O
postulated	O
by	O
several	O
short	O
studies	O
.	O

We	O
investigated	O
time	O
trends	O
of	O
and	O
the	O
correlation	O
between	O
positive	O
laboratory	O
diagnoses	O
of	O
eight	O
common	O
viruses	B-SPEC
in	O
the	O
Netherlands	O
over	O
a	O
10	O
-	O
year	O
time	O
period	O
(	O
2003	O
-	O
2012	O
):	O
influenza	B-SPEC
viruses	I-SPEC
types	O
A	O
and	O
B	O
,	O
respiratory	B-SPEC
syncytial	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
RSV	B-SPEC
),	O
rhinovirus	B-SPEC
,	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
,	O
norovirus	B-SPEC
,	O
enterovirus	B-SPEC
,	O
and	O
rotavirus	B-SPEC
.	O

We	O
compared	O
trends	O
in	O
viruses	B-SPEC
between	O
early	O
and	O
late	O
influenza	B-DISO
seasons	O
.	O

In	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
we	O
report	O
the	O
broad	O
-	O
spectrum	O
antiviral	B-CHED
activity	O
of	O
GO	O
against	O
pseudorabies	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
PRV	B-DISO
,	O
a	O
DNA	O
virus	B-SPEC
)	O
and	O
porcine	B-SPEC
epidemic	I-SPEC
diarrhea	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
,	O
an	O
RNA	O
virus	B-SPEC
).	O

Furthermore	O
,	O
GO	O
inactivated	O
both	O
viruses	B-SPEC
by	O
structural	O
destruction	O
prior	O
to	O
viral	O
entry	O
.	O

Our	O
results	O
also	O
have	O
important	O
implications	O
for	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
vaccine	O
immunogens	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
newly	O
identified	O
m336	O
epitope	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
for	O
elucidation	O
of	O
mechanisms	O
of	O
neutralization	O
by	O
m336	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
like	I-PRGE
antibodies	I-PRGE
and	O
their	O
elicitation	O
in	O
vivo	O
.	O

Fortunately	O
,	O
the	O
condition	B-DISO
of	O
this	O
woman	O
was	O
stabilized	O
and	O
she	O
achieved	O
complete	O
physical	O
recovery	O
,	O
despite	O
minor	O
neurological	O
deficit	O
in	O
the	O
fingers	B-ANAT
of	O
her	O
right	B-ANAT
hand	I-ANAT
.	O

In	O
adenovirus	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
mean	O
C	O
-	O
reactive	O
protein	B-CHED
value	O
was	O
72	O
.	O
4	O
mg	O
/	O
L	O
and	O
white	B-ANAT
blood	I-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
count	O
19	O
.	O
000	O
/	O
µl	O
,	O
both	O
significantly	O
higher	O
than	O
in	O
other	O
viruses	B-SPEC
(	O
p	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
01	O
).	O

The	O
nsp3	B-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
sequences	I-PRGE
from	O
three	O
clinical	O
samples	O
of	O
swine	B-SPEC
with	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
infections	B-DISO
were	O
aligned	O
with	O
other	O
strains	O
available	O
from	O
GenBank	O
and	O
the	O
results	O
suggested	O
that	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
responsible	O
for	O
the	O
2014	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
outbreak	O
in	O
Taiwan	O
clustered	O
together	O
with	O
Clade	O
I	O
from	O
the	O
US	O
within	O
Genogroup	O
2	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Severe	B-DISO
Acute	I-DISO
Respiratory	I-DISO
Syndrome	I-DISO
Coronavirus	B-SPEC
ORF7a	O
Inhibits	O
Bone	B-ANAT
Marrow	I-ANAT
Stromal	O
Antigen	B-CHED
2	O
Virion	B-ANAT
Tethering	O
through	O
a	O
Novel	O
Mechanism	O
of	O
Glycosylation	B-PROC
Interference	O
.	O

Bone	B-PRGE
marrow	I-PRGE
stromal	I-PRGE
antigen	B-CHED
2	I-PRGE
(	O
BST	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
;	O
also	O
known	O
as	O
CD317	B-PRGE
or	O
tetherin	O
)	O
was	O
initially	O
identified	O
to	O
be	O
a	O
pre	B-ANAT
-	I-ANAT
B	I-ANAT
-	I-ANAT
cell	B-COMP
growth	O
promoter	O
,	O
but	O
it	O
also	O
inhibits	O
the	O
release	B-PATH
of	O
virions	B-COMP
of	O
the	O
retrovirus	B-SPEC
human	B-SPEC
immunodeficiency	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
type	I-SPEC
1	I-SPEC
(	O
HIV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
1	I-SPEC
)	O
by	O
tethering	O
budding	B-PATH
virions	B-COMP
to	O
the	O
host	B-COMP
cell	I-COMP
membrane	I-COMP
.	O

Further	O
work	O
has	O
shown	O
that	O
BST	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
restricts	O
the	O
release	B-PATH
of	O
many	O
other	O
viruses	B-SPEC
,	O
including	O
the	O
human	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
229E	I-SPEC
(	O
hCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
229E	I-SPEC
),	O
and	O
the	O
genomes	O
of	O
many	O
of	O
these	O
viruses	B-SPEC
encode	O
BST	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
antagonists	B-CHED
to	O
overcome	O
BST	O
-	O
2	O
restriction	O
.	O

We	O
further	O
characterized	O
the	O
mechanism	O
of	O
BST	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
inhibition	B-PROC
by	O
ORF7a	O
and	O
found	O
that	O
ORF7a	O
localization	B-PROC
changes	O
when	O
BST	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
is	O
overexpressed	O
and	O
ORF7a	O
binds	B-FUNC
directly	O
to	O
BST	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
We	O
previously	O
showed	O
that	O
close	O
relatives	O
of	O
human	O
coronavirus	O
229E	O
(	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
229E	I-SPEC
)	O
exist	O
in	O
African	O
bats	B-SPEC
.	O

To	O
compare	O
the	O
genetic	O
diversity	O
of	O
bat	B-ENZY
viruses	B-SPEC
and	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
229E	I-SPEC
,	O
we	O
tested	O
historical	O
isolates	O
and	O
diagnostic	O
specimens	O
sampled	O
globally	O
over	O
10	O
years	O
.	O

A	O
recently	O
described	O
229E	O
-	O
related	O
alpaca	B-SPEC
virus	B-SPEC
occupied	O
an	O
intermediate	O
phylogenetic	O
position	O
between	O
bat	O
and	O
human	B-SPEC
viruses	B-SPEC
.	O

According	O
to	O
taxonomic	O
criteria	O
,	O
human	B-SPEC
,	O
alpaca	B-SPEC
,	O
and	O
bat	B-ENZY
viruses	B-SPEC
form	O
a	O
single	O
CoV	O
species	B-SPEC
showing	O
evidence	O
for	O
multiple	O
recombination	B-PROC
events	O
.	O

ORF8	O
also	O
existed	O
in	O
the	O
229E	O
-	O
related	O
alpaca	B-SPEC
virus	B-SPEC
.	O

Reanalysis	O
of	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
229E	I-SPEC
sequences	O
showed	O
a	O
conserved	O
transcription	B-PROC
regulatory	O
sequence	O
preceding	O
remnants	O
of	O
this	O
ORF	O
,	O
suggesting	O
its	O
loss	O
after	O
acquisition	O
of	O
a	O
229E	O
-	O
related	O
CoV	O
by	O
humans	B-SPEC
.	O

Here	O
,	O
we	O
provide	O
conclusive	O
genetic	O
evidence	O
for	O
an	O
evolutionary	O
origin	O
of	O
the	O
common	B-DISO
cold	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
229E	I-SPEC
in	O
hipposiderid	O
bats	B-SPEC
by	O
analyzing	O
a	O
large	O
sample	O
of	O
African	O
bats	B-SPEC
and	O
characterizing	O
several	O
bat	B-ENZY
viruses	B-SPEC
on	O
a	O
full	O
-	O
genome	O
level	O
.	O

Maternal	O
antibodies	B-COMP
began	O
to	O
decrease	O
in	O
the	O
2nd	O
month	O
for	O
BRSV	B-SPEC
,	O
BHV	O
-	O
1	O
and	O
BAV	B-DISO
-	O
3	O
(	O
97	O
.	O
8	O
%,	O
25	O
.	O
5	O
%	O
and	O
91	O
.	O
4	O
%)	O
and	O
in	O
the	O
3rd	O
month	O
for	O
PI	O
-	O
3	O
,	O
BVDV	B-SPEC
and	O
BCoV	O
(	O
85	O
.	O
1	O
%,	O
67	O
%	O
and	O
93	O
.	O
6	O
%).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Right	O
over	O
left	O
ventricular	B-ANAT
end	O
-	O
diastolic	O
area	O
relevance	O
to	O
predict	O
hemodynamic	B-PROC
intolerance	B-PROC
of	O
high	O
-	O
frequency	O
oscillatory	O
ventilation	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
ARDS	O
.	O

Although	O
HFOV	O
did	O
not	O
significantly	O
decrease	O
the	O
arterial	B-PROC
pressure	I-PROC
(	O
systolic	O
,	O
diastolic	O
,	O
mean	O
and	O
pulse	B-PROC
pressure	I-PROC
),	O
it	O
significantly	O
decreased	O
the	O
cardiac	B-ANAT
index	O
(	O
CI	O
)	O
by	O
13	O
±	O
18	O
%	O
and	O
significantly	O
increased	O
the	O
RVEDA	O
/	O
LVEDA	O
ratio	O
by	O
14	O
±	O
11	O
%.	O

A	O
high	O
ratio	O
under	O
CMV	B-SPEC
raises	O
questions	O
about	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
HFOV	O
in	O
such	O
patients	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Dynamics	O
of	O
end	O
expiratory	B-PROC
lung	B-PROC
volume	I-PROC
after	O
changing	O
positive	O
end	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
expiratory	I-PROC
pressure	O
in	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
patients	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Lung	B-ANAT
recruitment	B-DISO
maneuvers	O
followed	O
by	O
an	O
individually	O
titrated	O
positive	O
end	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
expiratory	I-PROC
pressure	O
(	O
PEEP	B-CHED
)	O
are	O
the	O
key	O
components	O
of	O
the	O
open	O
lung	B-ANAT
ventilation	O
strategy	O
in	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
).	O

The	O
staircase	O
recruitment	B-DISO
maneuver	O
is	O
a	O
step	O
-	O
by	O
-	O
step	O
increase	O
in	O
PEEP	B-CHED
followed	O
by	O
a	O
decremental	O
PEEP	B-CHED
trial	O
.	O

PEEP	B-CHED
was	O
progressively	O
increased	O
from	O
5	O
to	O
40	O
cmH2O	O
and	O
then	O
decreased	O
from	O
40	O
to	O
5	O
cmH2O	O
in	O
steps	O
of	O
5	O
cmH2O	O
every	O
2	O
.	O
5	O
minutes	O
.	O

Data	O
are	O
expressed	B-PROC
as	O
median	O
[	O
25th	O
-	O
75th	O
quartiles	O
].	O

The	O
pressure	O
catecholamine	B-CHED
index	O
[	O
CAIP	O
=	O
catecholamine	B-CHED
index	O
/	O
mean	O
arterial	B-PROC
pressure	I-PROC
;	O
catecholamine	B-CHED
index	O
=	O
dopamine	B-CHED
+	O
dobutamine	B-CHED
+	O
(	O
adrenaline	B-CHED
+	O
noradrenaline	B-CHED
)	O
×	O
100	O
μg	O
/	O
kg	O
per	O
min	O
],	O
as	O
an	O
indicator	B-SPEC
of	O
hemodynamics	B-PROC
,	O
improved	O
significantly	O
in	O
the	O
survival	O
group	O
in	O
the	O
period	O
between	O
the	O
start	O
and	O
24	O
h	O
after	O
the	O
end	O
of	O
PMX	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
DHP	I-PRGE
therapy	O
(	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
01	O
),	O
and	O
between	O
2	O
h	O
after	O
the	O
start	O
of	O
and	O
the	O
end	O
of	O
this	O
therapy	O
(	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
).	O

Flow	O
cytometry	O
was	O
used	O
to	O
determine	O
mode	O
of	O
cell	B-PROC
death	I-PROC
in	O
first	O
42	O
h	O
post	O
infection	B-DISO
(	O
hpi	B-DISO
).	O

Then	O
,	O
next	O
generation	O
sequencing	O
was	O
performed	O
on	O
9	O
hpi	B-DISO
and	O
control	O
uninfected	O
cells	B-COMP
by	O
Illumina	O
analyzer	O
.	O

131	O
genes	O
from	O
apoptosis	B-PATH
cluster	O
(	O
80	O
down	O
-	O
regulated	O
and	O
51	O
up	O
-	O
regulated	O
)	O
along	O
with	O
increase	O
of	O
apoptosis	O
,	O
p53	B-PRGE
,	O
p38	B-FUNC
MAPK	B-FUNC
,	O
VEGF	B-PRGE
and	O
chemokines	O
/	O
cytokines	O
signaling	B-PROC
pathways	B-PROC
were	O
probably	O
involved	O
in	O
apoptosis	B-PATH
process	O
.	O

Up	O
-	O
regulations	O
of	O
both	O
pro	B-CHED
-	O
apoptotic	O
(	O
i	O
.	O
e	O
.	O
PDCD5	O
)	O
and	O
anti	O
-	O
apoptotic	O
(	O
i	O
.	O
e	O
.	O
TRAF2	B-PRGE
)	O
were	O
detected	O
from	O
first	O
hpi	B-DISO
and	O
continuing	O
to	O
deregulate	O
during	O
apoptosis	B-PATH
process	O
in	O
the	O
infected	O
cells	B-COMP
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Heiner	O
syndrome	B-DISO
is	O
a	O
food	O
-	O
induced	O
pulmonary	O
hypersensitivity	B-DISO
disease	O
that	O
predominantly	O
affects	O
infants	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
The	O
signs	O
of	O
leukostases	B-DISO
were	O
detected	O
in	O
more	O
than	O
half	O
of	O
the	O
18	O
patients	O
with	O
higher	O
white	B-ANAT
blood	I-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
counts	O
:	O
13	O
(	O
72	O
%)	O
with	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
,	O
including	O
5	O
of	O
them	O
with	O
signs	O
of	O
respiratory	B-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
,	O
6	O
(	O
27	O
.	O
8	O
%)	O
with	O
neurological	O
symptomatology	O
,	O
7	O
(	O
38	O
.	O
9	O
%)	O
with	O
disseminated	B-DISO
intravascular	I-DISO
coagulation	I-DISO
syndrome	B-DISO
,	O
including	O
1	O
with	O
intracranial	B-DISO
hemorrhage	I-DISO
.	O

50	O
%	O
(	O
9	O
/	O
18	O
)	O
achieved	O
remission	B-DISO
after	O
the	O
first	O
7	O
+	O
3	O
cycle	O
and	O
7	O
more	O
examinees	O
did	O
after	O
the	O
second	O
cycle	O
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
Adequate	O
cytoreductive	O
and	O
accompanying	O
therapies	O
for	O
AML	B-DISO
with	O
HL	O
can	O
virtually	O
completely	O
prevent	O
massive	O
tumor	B-DISO
cytolysis	B-PROC
syndrome	B-DISO
and	O
early	O
mortality	O
during	O
the	O
first	O
days	O
of	O
induction	O
chemotherapy	O
.	O

The	O
structure	O
showed	O
that	O
4C2	O
recognizes	O
an	O
epitope	B-CHED
that	O
partially	O
overlaps	O
the	O
receptor	O
-	O
binding	O
footprint	O
in	O
MERS	O
-	O
RBD	O
,	O
thereby	O
interfering	O
with	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
/	O
receptor	B-PROC
interactions	I-PROC
by	O
both	O
steric	O
hindrance	O
and	O
interface	O
-	O
residue	O
competition	O
.	O

The	O
humanized	O
4C2	O
(	O
4C2h	O
)	O
antibody	B-COMP
sustained	O
similar	O
neutralizing	O
activity	O
and	O
biochemical	O
characteristics	O
to	O
the	O
parental	O
mouse	B-SPEC
antibody	B-COMP
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Equine	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
ECoV	O
)	O
is	O
considered	O
to	O
be	O
a	O
diarrheic	O
pathogen	O
in	O
foals	O
.	O

The	O
majority	O
of	O
respondents	O
had	O
satisfactory	O
hand	O
hygiene	O
practices	O
and	O
avoided	O
touching	O
avian	B-SPEC
species	B-SPEC
but	O
did	O
not	O
employ	O
other	O
preventive	O
measures	O
.	O

Self	O
-	O
reported	O
face	B-DISO
masks	O
wearing	O
when	O
having	O
influenza	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
like	I-DISO
illness	I-DISO
in	O
general	O
population	O
dropped	O
from	O
92	O
.	O
4	O
%	O
during	O
H5N1	B-DISO
period	O
in	O
2007	O
to	O
39	O
.	O
0	O
%	O
in	O
this	O
study	O
.	O

Educational	O
campaigns	O
and	O
framing	O
the	O
issue	O
to	O
increase	O
public	O
and	O
media	B-ANAT
awareness	O
are	O
crucial	O
in	O
preventing	O
the	O
current	O
public	O
fatigue	B-DISO
towards	O
outbreaks	O
.	O

In	O
the	O
present	O
work	O
,	O
we	O
describe	O
the	O
resistance	B-PROC
of	O
IBV	B-SPEC
to	O
IFN	B-PRGE
and	O
the	O
potential	O
role	O
of	O
accessory	O
proteins	B-CHED
herein	O
.	O

We	O
show	O
that	O
IBV	B-SPEC
is	O
fairly	O
resistant	O
to	O
the	O
antiviral	B-CHED
state	O
induced	O
by	O
IFN	B-PRGE
and	O
identify	O
that	O
viral	B-PRGE
accessory	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
3a	I-PRGE
is	O
involved	O
in	O
resistance	B-PROC
to	O
IFN	B-PRGE
,	O
as	O
its	O
absence	O
renders	O
IBV	B-SPEC
less	O
resistant	O
to	O
IFN	B-PRGE
treatment	O
.	O

This	O
study	O
demonstrates	O
that	O
the	O
gammacoronavirus	B-SPEC
IBV	B-SPEC
,	O
similar	O
to	O
its	O
mammalian	B-SPEC
counterparts	O
,	O
has	O
evolved	O
multiple	O
strategies	O
to	O
efficiently	O
counteract	O
the	O
IFN	B-PRGE
response	O
of	O
its	O
avian	B-SPEC
host	B-COMP
,	O
and	O
it	O
identifies	O
accessory	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
3a	I-PRGE
as	O
multifaceted	O
antagonist	B-PROC
of	O
the	O
avian	B-PRGE
IFN	I-PRGE
system	O
.	O

Stochastic	O
simulations	O
of	O
dynamics	O
on	O
networks	O
are	O
performed	O
and	O
compared	O
to	O
output	O
of	O
pairwise	O
models	O
for	O
several	O
realistic	O
examples	O
of	O
infectious	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
to	O
illustrate	O
the	O
role	O
played	O
by	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
stages	O
in	O
the	O
disease	O
dynamics	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
originated	O
in	O
bats	B-SPEC
and	O
spread	O
to	O
humans	B-SPEC
via	O
zoonotic	O
transmission	O
from	O
camels	B-SPEC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Development	B-PROC
of	O
SPR	O
biosensor	O
for	O
simultaneous	O
detection	O
of	O
multiplex	O
respiratory	O
viruses	B-SPEC
.	O

The	O
pathogens	O
with	O
the	O
4	O
highest	O
co	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
rates	O
(	O
CIRs	O
)	O
were	O
as	O
follows	O
:	O
HCoV	O
>	O
human	B-SPEC
bocavirus	I-SPEC
(	O
HBoV	O
)	O
>	O
enterovirus	B-SPEC
(	O
EV	O
)	O
>	O
parainfluenza	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
PIV	O
).	O

The	O
disease	O
is	O
transmitted	B-DISO
through	O
contact	O
with	O
someone	O
who	O
has	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
.	O
The	O
occupational	O
health	O
nurse	O
must	O
be	O
cognizant	O
of	O
and	O
educate	O
the	O
workforce	O
about	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
transmission	O
,	O
prevention	O
,	O
and	O
treatment	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Prevalence	O
of	O
Newcastle	B-SPEC
disease	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
and	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
in	O
avian	B-DISO
influenza	I-DISO
negative	O
birds	O
from	O
live	O
bird	B-SPEC
markets	O
and	O
backyard	O
and	O
commercial	O
farms	O
in	O
Ivory	O
-	O
Coast	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
outbreaks	O
of	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
(	O
MERS	B-DISO
)	O
previously	O
in	O
Middle	O
East	O
and	O
recently	O
in	O
South	O
Korea	O
have	O
raised	O
serious	O
concerns	O
worldwide	O
,	O
reinforcing	O
the	O
importance	O
of	O
developing	O
effective	O
and	O
safe	O
vaccines	O
against	O
MERS	B-DISO
-	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
).	O

We	O
have	O
devised	O
a	O
novel	O
statistical	O
model	O
that	O
identifies	O
the	O
risk	O
of	O
MERS	O
death	B-PROC
during	O
the	O
outbreak	O
in	O
real	O
time	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Guillain	O
-	O
Barré	O
syndrome	B-DISO
(	O
GBS	O
)	O
is	O
a	O
fulminant	O
polyradiculoneuropathy	B-DISO
that	O
is	O
acute	O
,	O
frequently	O
severe	O
and	O
autoimmune	B-DISO
in	O
nature	O
.	O

Most	O
patients	O
in	O
plasma	B-ANAT
exchange	O
group	O
belonged	O
to	O
the	O
lower	O
socio	O
-	O
economic	O
status	O
.	O

Conduction	B-PROC
block	O
determined	O
indirectly	O
by	O
absent	O
H	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
reflex	I-PROC
was	O
noted	O
in	O
891	O
(	O
90	O
.	O
64	O
%)	O
patients	O
.	O

This	O
sensitive	O
and	O
specific	O
antigen	B-CHED
capture	O
ELISA	O
should	O
be	O
useful	O
for	O
detection	O
of	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
in	O
human	B-SPEC
and	O
dromedaries	B-SPEC
and	O
in	O
field	O
studies	O
.	O

Optimal	O
strategies	O
for	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
also	O
differ	O
between	O
these	O
two	O
conditions	O
;	O
while	O
myasthenic	B-DISO
crisis	I-DISO
is	O
ideally	O
managed	O
with	O
noninvasive	O
bilevel	O
positive	O
airway	B-ANAT
pressure	O
(	O
BiPAP	O
)	O
ventilation	O
,	O
GBS	B-DISO
demands	O
early	O
intubation	O
.	O

Prompt	O
recognition	O
of	O
neuromuscular	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
can	O
be	O
lifesaving	O
,	O
and	O
identification	O
of	O
its	O
cause	O
has	O
substantial	O
prognostic	O
implications	O
.	O

We	O
downloaded	O
proteome	O
data	O
(	O
BTO	O
:	O
0000762	O
)	O
from	O
the	O
Proteomics	O
Identifications	O
database	O
and	O
identified	O
the	O
DEPs	O
in	O
the	O
IAV	O
-	O
infected	O
Calu	O
-	O
3	O
cells	B-COMP
.	O

STAT1	B-PRGE
,	O
NS2	B-DISO
,	O
CD5	B-PRGE
,	O
NCKX6	B-PRGE
and	O
PDGFB	B-PRGE
were	O
significant	O
DEPs	O
in	O
these	O
GO	O
terms	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Conservation	O
of	O
nucleotide	B-CHED
sequences	O
for	O
molecular	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
,	O
2015	O
.	O

The	O
immunogenicity	O
of	O
the	O
H7	O
VLP	B-COMP
vaccine	O
was	O
assessed	O
in	O
mice	B-SPEC
and	O
ferrets	B-SPEC
after	O
one	O
or	O
two	O
intramuscular	O
dose	O
(	O
s	O
)	O
with	O
and	O
without	O
adjuvant	B-CHED
(	O
alum	O
or	O
GLA	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
SE	I-PRGE
™).	I-PRGE

In	O
ferrets	B-SPEC
,	O
we	O
also	O
measured	O
H7	O
-	O
specific	O
cell	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
mediated	I-PROC
immunity	I-PROC
.	O

Compared	O
to	O
animals	B-SPEC
injected	O
with	O
placebo	O
,	O
ferrets	B-SPEC
vaccinated	O
with	O
alum	O
-	O
adjuvanted	O
vaccine	O
displayed	O
no	O
weight	O
loss	O
during	O
the	O
challenge	O
.	O

Moreover	O
,	O
the	O
vaccination	O
significantly	O
reduced	O
the	O
viral	O
load	O
in	O
lungs	B-ANAT
and	O
nasal	B-ANAT
washes	O
3	O
days	O
after	O
the	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
ORF8	O
-	O
Related	O
Genetic	O
Evidence	O
for	O
Chinese	O
Horseshoe	B-SPEC
Bats	I-SPEC
as	O
the	O
Source	O
of	O
Human	B-SPEC
Severe	B-DISO
Acute	I-DISO
Respiratory	I-DISO
Syndrome	I-DISO
Coronavirus	B-SPEC
.	O

These	O
viruses	B-SPEC
are	O
characterized	O
by	O
a	O
set	O
of	O
unique	O
accessory	O
open	O
reading	O
frames	O
(	O
ORFs	O
)	O
that	O
are	O
located	O
between	O
the	O
M	O
and	O
N	O
genes	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Porcine	B-SPEC
epidemic	B-DISO
diarrhea	I-DISO
(	O
PED	O
)	O
is	O
an	O
enteric	O
coronaviral	O
infection	B-DISO
that	O
causes	O
severe	O
morbidity	O
and	O
mortality	O
in	O
suckling	O
pigs	B-SPEC
,	O
but	O
less	O
severe	O
disease	O
in	O
older	O
pigs	B-SPEC
.	O

Weaned	B-PROC
26	O
-	O
day	O
-	O
old	O
pigs	B-SPEC
(	O
n	O
=	O
20	O
)	O
and	O
9	O
-	O
day	O
-	O
old	O
nursing	B-PROC
pigs	B-SPEC
(	O
n	O
=	O
20	O
)	O
were	O
assigned	O
to	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
inoculated	O
or	O
uninoculated	O
control	O
groups	O
.	O

The	O
natural	O
killer	O
(	O
NK	O
)	O
cell	O
frequencies	O
,	O
NK	B-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
activities	O
(	O
lysis	B-DISO
of	O
target	O
K562	B-ANAT
tumor	B-ANAT
cells	B-COMP
in	O
vitro	O
),	O
CD3	B-PRGE
+	I-PRGE
CD4	I-PRGE
+	I-PRGE
T	I-PRGE
cell	I-PRGE
and	O
CD3	B-PRGE
+	I-PRGE
CD8	I-PRGE
+	I-PRGE
T	B-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
frequencies	O
were	O
measured	O
in	O
blood	B-ANAT
and	O
ileum	B-ANAT
at	O
PIDs	O
1	O
and	O
5	O
.	O

This	O
study	O
provides	O
novel	O
findings	O
in	O
the	O
function	O
of	O
M	O
proteins	B-CHED
of	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
.	O

We	O
examined	O
the	O
effect	O
of	O
FTY720	B-CHED
treatment	O
on	O
the	O
biology	O
of	O
mouse	B-SPEC
neural	O
progenitor	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
(	O
NPCs	O
)	O
after	O
transplantation	O
in	O
a	O
viral	O
model	O
of	O
demyelination	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Isolation	O
and	O
molecular	O
characterization	O
of	O
nephropathic	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
isolates	O
of	O
Gujarat	O
state	O
,	O
India	O
.	O

Five	O
pooled	O
tissue	B-ANAT
suspensions	O
of	O
50	O
layer	B-ANAT
birds	B-SPEC
and	O
one	O
reference	O
Massachusetts	O
vaccine	O
strain	O
were	O
inoculated	O
into	O
specific	O
pathogen	O
free	O
(	O
SPF	O
)	O
chicken	B-SPEC
egg	B-ANAT
for	O
isolation	O
of	O
IBV	B-SPEC
.	O

First	O
,	O
the	O
six	O
exons	O
encoding	O
the	O
ST3GAL1	B-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
were	O
sequenced	O
in	O
68	O
patients	O
infected	O
with	O
strain	O
A	O
(	O
H1N1	O
)	O
pdm09	O
.	O

In	O
a	O
second	O
phase	O
of	O
the	O
study	O
,	O
the	O
rs113350588	O
and	O
rs1048479	O
polymorphisms	B-PROC
identified	O
in	O
this	O
sample	O
were	O
genotyped	O
in	O
a	O
sample	O
of	O
356	O
subjects	O
from	O
the	O
northern	O
and	O
northeastern	O
regions	O
of	O
Brazil	O
with	O
a	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
pandemic	O
influenza	B-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
In	O
2012	O
,	O
a	O
nephrologist	O
reported	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
a	O
multiorgan	O
thrombotic	O
syndromic	O
complex	O
resembling	O
thrombotic	B-DISO
thrombocytopenic	I-DISO
purpura	I-DISO
(	O
TTP	B-DISO
)	O
in	O
patients	O
who	O
were	O
abusing	O
long	O
acting	O
oxymorphone	O
hydrochloride	B-CHED
;	O
all	O
patients	O
had	O
hemolytic	B-DISO
anemia	I-DISO
and	O
thrombocytopenia	O
.	O

Herein	O
,	O
we	O
report	O
another	O
case	O
involving	O
a	O
31	O
-	O
year	O
-	O
old	O
woman	O
who	O
self	O
intravenously	O
administered	O
dissolved	O
oral	B-ANAT
oxymorphone	O
resulting	O
in	O
thrombotic	O
sequelae	O
resembling	O
Degos	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
.	O

Formalin	B-CHED
-	O
fixed	B-ANAT
and	O
paraffin	O
embedded	O
skin	B-ANAT
biopsies	O
were	O
prepared	O
according	O
to	O
standard	O
protocols	O
for	O
H	O
&	O
E	O
and	O
immunohistochemistry	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Porcine	B-SPEC
epidemic	I-SPEC
diarrhea	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
)	O
was	O
identified	O
in	O
the	O
United	O
States	O
(	O
U	O
.	O
S	O
.)	O
swine	B-SPEC
population	O
for	O
the	O
first	O
time	O
in	O
April	O
2013	O
and	O
rapidly	O
spread	O
nationwide	O
.	O

This	O
information	O
should	O
be	O
taken	O
into	O
consideration	O
when	O
interpreting	O
clinical	O
relevance	O
of	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
PCR	O
results	O
and	O
when	O
designing	O
a	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
bioassay	O
model	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Acute	O
lower	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
(	O
ALRI	B-DISO
)	O
remains	O
a	O
major	O
cause	O
of	O
childhood	O
hospitalization	O
and	O
mortality	O
in	O
young	O
children	O
and	O
the	O
causal	O
attribution	O
of	O
respiratory	O
viruses	B-SPEC
in	O
the	O
aetiology	O
of	O
ALRI	B-DISO
is	O
unclear	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Characterization	O
and	O
Demonstration	O
of	O
the	O
Value	O
of	O
a	O
Lethal	O
Mouse	B-SPEC
Model	O
of	O
Middle	O
East	O
Respiratory	O
Syndrome	O
Coronavirus	B-DISO
Infection	I-DISO
and	O
Disease	O
.	O

Among	O
HIV	O
+	O
participants	O
,	O
greater	O
WMH	O
and	O
lower	O
anterior	O
corona	B-ANAT
radiata	I-ANAT
FA	O
were	O
associated	O
with	O
active	O
hepatitis	B-SPEC
C	I-SPEC
virus	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
,	O
a	O
history	O
of	O
AIDS	O
,	O
and	O
higher	O
current	O
CD4	B-ANAT
cell	B-COMP
count	O
.	O

We	O
experienced	O
a	O
patient	O
with	O
acute	B-DISO
cor	I-DISO
pulmonale	I-DISO
during	O
high	O
positive	O
-	O
pressure	O
ventilation	O
for	O
the	O
treatment	O
of	O
severe	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

Prone	O
positioning	O
was	O
beneficial	O
for	O
unloading	O
the	O
right	B-ANAT
ventricle	I-ANAT
for	O
treatment	O
of	O
acute	B-DISO
cor	I-DISO
pulmonale	I-DISO
.	O

Cold	B-DISO
medicine	B-CHED
-	O
related	O
SJS	B-DISO
/	O
TEN	B-PRGE
(	O
CM	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
SJS	I-PRGE
/	I-PRGE
TEN	I-PRGE
)	O
with	O
SOCs	O
is	O
associated	O
with	O
HLA	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
A	I-PRGE
*	I-PRGE
02	I-PRGE
:	O
06	O
in	O
Japanese	O
and	O
Koreans	O
and	O
HLA	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
B	I-PRGE
*	I-PRGE
44	I-PRGE
:	O
03	O
in	O
Japanese	O
,	O
Indians	O
,	O
and	O
Brazilian	O
whites	B-SPEC
.	O

Cold	B-DISO
medicines	O
and	O
infectious	B-DISO
agents	O
such	O
as	O
viruses	B-SPEC
or	O
other	O
microbes	O
are	O
both	O
important	O
in	O
triggering	O
the	O
onset	O
of	O
SJS	B-DISO
/	O
TEN	B-PRGE
with	O
SOCs	O
.	O

The	O
study	O
represents	O
a	O
comprehensive	O
analysis	O
of	O
IBV	B-PRGE
S	I-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
codon	O
usage	O
patterns	O
and	O
provides	O
a	O
basic	O
understanding	O
of	O
the	O
codon	O
usage	O
bias	B-SPEC
.	O

Using	O
genetically	O
diverse	O
animals	B-SPEC
from	O
incipient	O
lines	O
of	O
the	O
Collaborative	O
Cross	O
mouse	B-SPEC
panel	O
,	O
we	O
demonstrate	O
a	O
greatly	O
expanded	O
range	O
of	O
phenotypes	O
relative	O
to	O
classical	O
mouse	B-SPEC
models	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
CoV	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
including	O
lung	B-ANAT
pathology	B-DISO
,	O
weight	O
loss	O
and	O
viral	O
titer	O
.	O

The	O
host	B-COMP
innate	B-DISO
immune	I-DISO
response	I-DISO
was	O
evaluated	O
over	O
these	O
3	O
days	O
and	O
differences	O
between	O
the	O
susceptible	O
and	O
resistant	O
lines	O
examined	O
.	O

Potential	O
candidate	O
genes	O
for	O
resistance	B-PROC
to	O
IBV	B-SPEC
are	O
highlighted	O
.	O

The	O
nucleotide	B-CHED
sequences	O
were	O
compared	O
by	O
phylogenetic	O
analysis	O
.	O

The	O
HAdV	O
infections	B-DISO
circulated	O
year	O
-	O
round	O
.	O

HAdV	O
B7	O
is	O
strongly	O
related	O
to	O
severe	O
infections	B-DISO
and	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Pseudallescheria	B-SPEC
boydii	I-SPEC
is	O
a	O
fungal	O
organism	O
known	O
to	O
affect	O
immunocompromised	O
patients	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
The	O
use	O
of	O
convalescent	O
plasma	B-ANAT
to	O
treat	O
emerging	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
:	O
focus	O
on	O
Ebola	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
disease	I-DISO
.	O

Even	O
more	O
recently	O
,	O
convalescent	O
plasma	B-ANAT
has	O
been	O
used	O
for	O
treatment	O
of	O
individuals	O
with	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

Although	O
the	O
first	O
reports	O
of	O
successful	O
treatment	O
with	O
passive	O
immune	O
therapy	O
date	O
back	B-ANAT
to	O
the	O
early	O
1900s	O
,	O
convalescent	O
plasma	B-ANAT
has	O
materialized	O
as	O
a	O
possible	O
therapy	O
for	O
patients	O
who	O
develop	O
infection	B-DISO
from	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
emerging	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
such	O
as	O
EVD	O
or	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
,	O
although	O
the	O
efficacy	O
of	O
such	O
therapy	O
has	O
yet	O
to	O
be	O
proven	O
in	O
clinical	O
trials	O
.	O

We	O
searched	O
the	O
Scopus	B-SPEC
database	O
for	O
all	O
literature	O
on	O
economic	O
evaluation	O
of	O
mask	O
or	O
respirator	O
use	O
to	O
control	O
respiratory	O
infection	B-DISO
transmission	I-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
assemble	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
IBV	B-SPEC
)-	O
like	O
particles	O
bearing	O
the	O
recombinant	O
spike	O
protein	B-CHED
and	O
investigate	O
the	O
humoral	B-PROC
immune	I-PROC
responses	I-PROC
in	O
chickens	B-SPEC
.	O

The	O
results	O
demonstrated	O
that	O
the	O
efficiency	O
of	O
the	O
newly	O
generated	O
VLPs	B-ANAT
was	O
comparable	O
to	O
that	O
of	O
the	O
inactivated	O
M41	O
viruses	B-SPEC
in	O
eliciting	O
IBV	B-SPEC
-	O
specific	O
antibodies	B-COMP
and	O
neutralizing	O
antibodies	B-COMP
in	O
chickens	B-SPEC
via	O
subcutaneous	O
inoculation	O
.	O

Studies	O
were	O
included	O
if	O
they	O
examined	O
both	O
extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenation	B-PROC
and	O
prone	O
positioning	O
simultaneously	O
for	O
the	O
treatment	O
of	O
respiratory	O
failure	O
in	O
the	O
adult	O
population	O
.	O

Bleeding	B-DISO
from	O
the	O
chest	B-ANAT
tube	O
site	O
was	O
reported	O
in	O
13	O
.	O
5	O
%	O
of	O
prone	O
positioning	O
maneuvers	O
in	O
1	O
study	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
rest	B-FUNC
of	O
the	O
studies	O
reported	O
no	O
evidence	O
of	O
chest	B-ANAT
tube	O
site	O
bleeding	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Molecular	O
characterization	O
of	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
viruses	B-SPEC
isolated	O
from	O
broiler	O
chicken	B-SPEC
farms	O
in	O
Iran	O
,	O
2014	O
-	O
2015	O
.	O

Three	O
SYBR	O
Green	O
multiplex	O
real	O
-	O
time	O
PCR	O
assays	O
were	O
developed	O
for	O
simultaneous	O
detection	O
of	O
12	O
respiratory	O
RNA	O
viruses	B-SPEC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
The	O
Potential	O
Role	O
of	O
Social	O
Media	B-ANAT
Platforms	O
in	O
Community	O
Awareness	O
of	O
Antibiotic	B-CHED
Use	O
in	O
the	O
Gulf	O
Cooperation	O
Council	O
States	O
:	O
Luxury	O
or	O
Necessity	O
?	O

This	O
paper	O
discusses	O
the	O
potential	O
for	O
using	O
social	O
media	B-ANAT
tools	O
as	O
cost	O
-	O
efficient	O
and	O
mass	O
education	O
platforms	O
to	O
raise	O
awareness	O
of	O
appropriate	O
antibiotic	B-CHED
use	O
in	O
the	O
general	O
public	O
and	O
in	O
the	O
medical	O
communities	O
of	O
the	O
Arabian	O
Peninsula	O
.	O

Older	O
age	O
[	O
odds	O
ratio	O
(	O
OR	O
)	O
=	O
4	O
.	O
86	O
,	O
95	O
%	O
confidence	O
interval	O
(	O
CI	O
)	O
1	O
.	O
90	O
-	O
12	O
.	O
45	O
]	O
and	O
underlying	O
respiratory	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
(	O
OR	O
=	O
4	O
.	O
90	O
,	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
1	O
.	O
64	O
-	O
14	O
.	O
65	O
)	O
were	O
significantly	O
associated	O
with	O
mortality	O
.	O

The	O
susceptibility	O
of	O
2	O
-,	O
7	O
-,	O
12	O
-,	O
30	O
-,	O
and	O
52	O
-	O
wk	O
-	O
old	O
turkeys	B-SPEC
to	O
turkey	B-SPEC
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
TCoV	B-SPEC
)	O
and	O
turkey	B-SPEC
astrovirus	I-SPEC
(	O
TAstV	O
)	O
was	O
evaluated	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
the	O
effect	O
of	O
combined	O
infection	B-DISO
of	O
TAstV	O
and	O
TCoV	B-SPEC
in	O
2	O
-	O
wk	O
-	O
old	O
poults	O
and	O
turkey	B-SPEC
hens	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
is	O
a	O
recently	O
identified	O
virus	B-SPEC
causing	O
severe	O
viral	O
respiratory	O
illness	O
in	O
people	O
.	O

Little	O
is	O
known	O
about	O
the	O
reservoir	O
in	O
the	O
Horn	B-ANAT
of	O
Africa	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Objectives	O
The	O
aim	O
of	O
the	O
study	O
was	O
to	O
determine	O
whether	O
feline	B-SPEC
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
FCoV	B-SPEC
)	O
RNA	O
in	O
effusion	B-DISO
samples	O
can	O
be	O
used	O
as	O
a	O
diagnostic	O
marker	O
of	O
feline	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
peritonitis	I-DISO
(	O
FIP	B-DISO
);	O
and	O
in	O
FCoV	B-SPEC
RNA	O
-	O
positive	O
samples	O
to	O
examine	O
amino	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
codons	O
in	O
the	O
FCoV	B-PRGE
spike	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
at	O
positions	O
1058	O
and	O
1060	O
where	O
leucine	B-CHED
and	O
alanine	B-CHED
,	O
respectively	O
,	O
have	O
been	O
associated	O
with	O
systemic	O
or	O
virulent	O
(	O
FIP	B-DISO
)	O
FCoV	B-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
.	O

Conclusions	O
and	O
relevance	O
A	O
positive	O
FCoV	O
qRT	O
-	O
PCR	O
result	O
on	O
effusions	B-DISO
appears	O
specific	O
for	O
FIP	B-DISO
and	O
may	O
be	O
a	O
useful	O
diagnostic	O
marker	O
for	O
FIP	B-DISO
in	O
cats	B-SPEC
with	O
effusions	B-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Since	O
October	O
2013	O
,	O
approximately	O
1000	O
outbreaks	O
of	O
porcine	O
epidemic	B-DISO
diarrhoea	I-DISO
(	O
PED	O
)	O
have	O
occurred	O
,	O
spanning	O
almost	O
all	O
prefectures	O
of	O
Japan	O
,	O
after	O
a	O
period	O
of	O
seven	O
years	O
without	O
a	O
reported	O
case	O
.	O

Moreover	O
,	O
the	O
phylogenetic	O
dendrogram	O
of	O
the	O
complete	O
genomes	O
also	O
indicated	O
that	O
the	O
38	O
Japanese	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
strains	O
,	O
including	O
the	O
two	O
novel	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
variants	O
discovered	O
in	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
are	O
closely	O
related	O
to	O
the	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
strains	O
that	O
were	O
widespread	O
in	O
the	O
United	O
States	O
and	O
Korea	O
in	O
2013	O
-	O
2014	O
.	O

In	O
a	O
second	O
experiment	O
,	O
we	O
challenged	O
fully	O
protected	O
,	O
partially	O
protected	O
,	O
and	O
fully	O
susceptible	O
birds	B-SPEC
with	O
IBV	B-SPEC
,	O
and	O
then	O
at	O
5	O
days	O
postchallenge	O
we	O
gave	O
the	O
birds	B-SPEC
an	O
opportunistic	O
bacterium	O
intranasally	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Synthesis	B-PROC
,	O
cytotoxicity	B-DISO
and	O
antiviral	B-CHED
evaluation	O
of	O
new	O
series	O
of	O
imidazo	O
[	O
4	O
,	O
5	O
-	O
g	O
]	O
quinoline	B-CHED
and	O
pyrido	O
[	O
2	O
,	O
3	O
-	O
g	O
]	O
quinoxalinone	O
derivatives	O
.	O

Lead	B-CHED
compounds	I-CHED
1	O
-	O
4	O
were	O
further	O
modified	O
to	O
enhance	O
their	O
antiviral	B-CHED
activity	O
and	O
reduce	O
their	O
cytotoxicity	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Molecular	O
and	O
antigenic	O
characteristics	O
of	O
Massachusetts	O
genotype	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
in	O
China	O
.	O

The	O
virus	B-SPEC
cross	O
-	O
neutralization	O
test	O
found	O
that	O
the	O
antigenicity	O
of	O
ck	O
/	O
CH	O
/	O
LHB	B-PRGE
/	O
111172	O
,	O
ck	O
/	O
CH	O
/	O
LSD	B-CHED
/	O
111219	O
,	O
and	O
ck	O
/	O
CH	O
/	O
LHB	B-PRGE
/	O
130598	O
was	O
similar	O
to	O
that	O
of	O
H120	O
.	O

Therefore	O
,	O
IBV	B-SPEC
surveillance	O
of	O
chicken	B-SPEC
flocks	O
vaccinated	O
with	O
IBV	B-SPEC
live	O
vaccines	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
the	O
consideration	O
of	O
new	O
strategies	O
to	O
effectively	O
control	O
IBV	B-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
using	O
inactivated	O
or	O
/	O
and	O
genetically	O
engineered	O
vaccines	O
,	O
is	O
of	O
great	O
importance	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Pulmonary	B-ANAT
vascular	B-ANAT
dysfunction	O
has	O
been	O
described	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
).	O

We	O
hypothesized	O
that	O
severe	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
vascular	B-ANAT
dysfunction	O
and	O
cor	B-DISO
pulmonale	I-DISO
identified	O
by	O
echocardiography	O
before	O
cannulation	O
in	O
these	O
patients	O
were	O
associated	O
with	O
worse	O
survival	O
.	O

Survival	O
was	O
compared	O
for	O
those	O
with	O
and	O
without	O
cor	B-DISO
pulmonale	I-DISO
.	O

Acute	B-DISO
cor	I-DISO
pulmonale	I-DISO
was	O
detectable	O
in	O
2	O
patients	O
(	O
9	O
.	O
5	O
%),	O
while	O
the	O
remaining	O
19	O
patients	O
showed	O
moderate	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
dysfunction	O
.	O

Survivors	O
had	O
a	O
higher	O
pre	O
-	O
cannulation	O
LV	O
ejection	O
fraction	O
(	O
EF	O
)	O
(	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
02	O
)	O
and	O
tricuspid	O
annular	O
plane	O
excursion	O
(	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
04	O
),	O
and	O
lower	O
peak	B-PROC
systolic	I-PROC
pulmonary	B-ANAT
artery	I-ANAT
pressures	O
(	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
02	O
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Genetic	B-PROC
polymorphisms	I-PROC
of	O
IL28b	B-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
as	O
predictors	O
of	O
response	O
to	O
dual	O
therapy	O
in	O
genotypes	O
1	O
and	O
4	O
-	O
HCV	O
and	O
HIV	B-DISO
/	O
HCV	B-SPEC
-	O
infected	O
patients	O
.	O

Their	O
antiviral	B-CHED
and	O
antifungal	B-CHED
activities	O
were	O
evaluated	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
the	O
antifungal	B-CHED
activity	O
of	O
(	O
R	O
,	O
R	O
)-	O
17	B-CHED
·	I-CHED
HCl	I-CHED
against	O
Puccinia	B-SPEC
sorghi	I-SPEC
is	O
slightly	O
lower	O
than	O
that	O
of	O
(	O
R	O
,	O
R	O
)-	O
17	O
.	O

Learning	B-PROC
from	O
the	O
trends	O
in	O
sources	O
used	O
in	O
previous	O
outbreaks	O
will	O
enable	O
improvements	O
in	O
information	O
access	O
in	O
future	O
outbreaks	O
.	O

The	O
use	O
of	O
five	O
or	O
more	O
information	O
sources	O
increased	O
by	O
almost	O
60	O
%	O
between	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
and	O
H1N1	O
surveys	O
.	O

MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
-	O
infected	O
lungs	B-ANAT
revealed	O
mononuclear	B-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
infiltration	B-DISO
,	O
alveolar	B-DISO
edema	I-DISO
,	O
and	O
microvascular	O
thrombosis	B-DISO
,	O
with	O
airways	O
generally	O
unaffected	O
.	O

Brain	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
was	O
observed	O
,	O
with	O
the	O
greatest	O
involvement	O
noted	O
in	O
the	O
thalamus	B-ANAT
and	O
brain	B-ANAT
stem	I-ANAT
.	O

The	O
infection	B-DISO
of	O
target	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
by	O
the	O
SARS	B-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
is	O
mediated	O
through	O
the	O
interaction	O
of	O
the	O
viral	O
Spike	O
(	O
S	O
)	O
protein	B-CHED
(	O
1255	O
amino	B-CHED
acids	I-CHED
)	O
and	O
its	O
cellular	B-COMP
receptor	O
,	O
angiotensin	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
converting	I-PRGE
enzyme	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
(	O
ACE2	B-PRGE
).	O

In	O
addition	O
,	O
the	O
RBM	O
is	O
a	O
major	O
antigenic	B-CHED
determinant	I-CHED
,	O
able	O
to	O
elicit	O
production	O
of	O
neutralizing	O
antibodies	B-COMP
.	O

40	O
amino	B-CHED
acids	I-CHED
)	O
that	O
can	O
bind	B-FUNC
both	O
the	O
ACE2	B-PRGE
receptor	I-PRGE
and	O
the	O
neutralizing	O
mAb	O
80R	O
.	O

Among	O
102	O
patients	O
,	O
median	O
Ct	O
of	O
31	O
.	O
0	O
for	O
the	O
upstream	O
of	O
the	O
E	B-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
target	O
for	O
41	O
(	O
40	O
%)	O
patients	O
who	O
died	B-PROC
was	O
significantly	O
lower	O
than	O
the	O
median	O
of	O
33	O
.	O
0	O
for	O
61	O
survivors	O
(	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
0087	O
).	O

In	O
multivariable	O
regression	O
analyses	O
,	O
risk	O
factors	O
for	O
death	B-PROC
were	O
age	O
>	O
60	O
years	O
),	O
underlying	O
illness	O
,	O
and	O
decreasing	O
Ct	O
for	O
each	O
1	O
-	O
point	O
decrease	O
in	O
Ct	O
).	O

Patients	O
were	O
a	O
man	B-CHED
who	O
had	O
visited	O
the	O
Middle	O
East	O
,	O
his	O
wife	O
,	O
and	O
a	O
man	B-CHED
who	O
shared	O
a	O
hospital	O
room	O
with	O
the	O
index	O
patient	O
.	O

A	O
strong	O
candidate	O
is	O
a	O
group	O
of	O
unique	O
compounds	O
found	O
in	O
Camellia	B-SPEC
sinensis	I-SPEC
(	O
tea	B-CHED
plant	B-SPEC
):	O
the	O
green	O
tea	B-CHED
polyphenols	B-CHED
,	O
in	O
particular	O
epigallocatechin	O
-	O
3	O
-	O
gallate	B-CHED
(	O
EGCG	B-CHED
)	O
and	O
its	O
lipophilic	O
derivatives	O
.	O

Recently	O
,	O
a	O
new	O
definition	O
for	O
ARDS	B-DISO
was	O
proposed	O
,	O
the	O
Berlin	O
definition	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Prokaryotic	O
Expression	B-PROC
of	O
Truncated	B-PRGE
S1	I-PRGE
Protein	I-PRGE
of	O
Porcine	B-SPEC
Epidemic	I-SPEC
Diarrhea	I-SPEC
Virus	I-SPEC
and	O
Production	O
of	O
Monoclonal	O
Antibodies	O
to	O
Recombinant	B-PRGE
Protein	I-PRGE
.	O

In	O
the	O
present	O
study	O
,	O
the	O
truncated	B-PRGE
S1	I-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
,	O
encoding	O
the	O
exterior	O
of	O
the	O
viral	O
spike	O
protein	B-CHED
of	O
porcine	B-SPEC
epidemic	I-SPEC
diarrhea	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
),	O
was	O
subcloned	O
into	O
prokaryotic	O
expression	B-PROC
vector	O
pET32a	O
(+)	O
and	O
expressed	B-PROC
as	O
a	O
recombinant	O
protein	B-CHED
in	O
Escherichia	B-SPEC
coli	I-SPEC
BL21	B-ANAT
(	O
DE3	O
).	O

Moreover	O
,	O
the	O
larger	O
tissue	B-ANAT
mass	O
suspended	O
from	O
a	O
wider	O
dorsal	O
chest	B-ANAT
wall	I-ANAT
effects	O
a	O
more	O
homogeneous	O
distribution	O
of	O
pleural	O
pressures	O
throughout	O
the	O
lung	B-ANAT
that	O
reduces	O
abnormal	O
strain	O
and	O
stress	O
development	B-PROC
.	O

Efforts	O
should	O
be	O
made	O
to	O
establish	O
a	O
methodology	O
for	O
rapid	O
tracking	O
of	O
all	O
possible	O
contacts	O
and	O
elimination	B-PROC
-	O
based	O
identification	O
of	O
the	O
precise	O
modes	O
of	O
transmission	O
.	O

Sequence	O
analysis	O
showed	O
that	O
these	O
isolates	O
were	O
divided	O
into	O
five	O
sub	O
-	O
clusters	B-CHED
:	O
A2	O
-	O
like	O
,	O
CKCHLDL08I	O
-	O
like	O
,	O
SAIBK	O
-	O
like	O
,	O
KM91	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
like	I-PRGE
and	I-PRGE
TW97	I-PRGE
/	I-PRGE
4	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
like	I-PRGE
.	O

The	O
results	O
showed	O
that	O
highly	O
variable	O
sites	O
range	O
from	O
sub	O
-	O
clusters	B-CHED
,	O
the	O
N	O
-	O
terminal	O
sequences	O
of	O
4	O
/	O
91	O
-	O
like	O
,	O
TW97	B-PRGE
/	I-PRGE
4	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
like	I-PRGE
and	O
Arkansas	O
-	O
like	O
are	O
more	O
variable	O
than	O
other	O
sub	O
-	O
clusters	B-CHED
.	O

MRSA	B-DISO
most	O
closely	O
resembled	O
a	O
Type	O
I	O
pathogen	O
.	O

Six	O
patients	O
who	O
had	O
severe	O
ARDS	B-DISO
showed	O
a	O
diffuse	O
comet	O
tail	O
sign	O
or	O
a	O
consolidation	O
score	O
≥	O
7	O
and	O
a	O
lung	B-ANAT
ultrasound	O
score	O
≥	O
20	O
points	O
.	O

One	O
patient	O
showed	O
a	O
diffuse	O
comet	B-SPEC
tail	O
sign	O
or	O
consolidation	O
area	O
in	O
four	O
lung	B-ANAT
areas	O
,	O
with	O
an	O
ultrasound	O
score	O
of	O
14	O
.	O

Our	O
data	O
corroborate	O
previous	O
data	O
indicating	O
a	O
strong	O
relationship	O
between	O
CG	O
symptoms	O
and	O
severe	O
cardiac	B-ANAT
problems	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Guillain	O
-	O
Barré	O
syndrome	O
(	O
GBS	B-DISO
)	O
has	O
a	O
cosmopolitan	O
distribution	O
.	O

History	O
of	O
intestinal	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
was	O
present	O
in	O
40	O
%	O
of	O
patients	O
,	O
and	O
respiratory	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
in	O
24	O
.	O
4	O
%.	O

Pulmonary	B-ANAT
intensive	O
care	O
may	O
involve	O
thoracentesis	O
,	O
oxygen	B-CHED
supplementation	O
and	O
in	O
more	O
severe	O
cases	O
assisted	O
ventilation	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Severe	O
Blunt	O
Hepatic	B-ANAT
Trauma	O
in	O
Polytrauma	O
Patient	O
-	O
Management	O
and	O
Outcome	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Application	O
of	O
RT	O
-	O
Bst	O
to	O
enhance	O
detection	O
of	O
pathogenic	O
viruses	B-SPEC
of	O
the	O
respiratory	B-ANAT
tract	I-ANAT
.	O

RT	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
Bst	I-PRGE
and	O
RT	O
-	O
Bst	B-PRGE
PCR	O
can	O
be	O
used	O
as	O
alternative	O
approaches	O
to	O
reverse	B-PROC
transcription	I-PROC
and	O
one	O
-	O
step	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
,	O
respectively	O
,	O
for	O
sequence	O
-	O
independent	O
amplification	B-DISO
of	O
RNA	O
virus	B-SPEC
sequences	O
and	O
a	O
larger	O
scale	O
analysis	O
of	O
this	O
new	O
diagnostic	O
approach	O
is	O
warranted	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Detection	O
of	O
specific	O
respiratory	O
viruses	O
is	O
important	O
for	O
surveillance	O
programs	O
,	O
where	O
nasopharyngeal	B-ANAT
or	O
nasal	B-ANAT
swabs	O
have	O
traditionally	O
been	O
used	O
.	O

Among	O
83	O
university	O
students	O
with	O
acute	B-DISO
pharyngitis	I-DISO
,	O
we	O
detected	O
respiratory	O
viruses	B-SPEC
with	O
molecular	O
assays	O
on	O
two	O
samples	O
collected	O
per	O
student	O
:	O
with	O
a	O
flocked	O
nasal	B-ANAT
mid	O
-	O
turbinate	B-ANAT
swab	O
and	O
a	O
rayon	O
throat	B-ANAT
swab	I-ANAT
.	O

The	O
flocked	O
nasal	B-ANAT
swab	O
samples	O
respiratory	O
viruses	B-SPEC
well	O
,	O
even	O
among	O
patients	O
whose	O
primary	O
complaint	O
is	O
a	O
sore	B-DISO
throat	I-DISO
.	O

The	O
pig	B-SPEC
study	O
showed	O
that	O
the	O
early	O
termination	O
in	O
ORF3	O
was	O
more	O
important	O
for	O
virus	B-SPEC
cell	B-COMP
adaptation	B-PROC
than	O
virus	B-SPEC
attenuation	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
A	O
SARS	O
-	O
CoV	O
lacking	O
the	O
full	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
length	I-PRGE
E	I-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
(	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
-∆	I-PRGE
E	I-PRGE
)	O
was	O
attenuated	O
and	O
an	O
effective	O
vaccine	O
.	O

In	O
contrast	O
,	O
during	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
-∆	O
E	O
passage	O
in	O
mice	B-SPEC
,	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
incorporated	O
a	O
mutated	O
variant	O
of	O
8a	O
protein	B-CHED
,	O
resulting	O
in	O
reversion	O
to	O
a	O
virulent	O
phenotype	O
.	O

Deletions	O
in	O
the	O
carboxy	B-CHED
-	O
terminal	O
region	O
of	O
nsp1	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
led	O
to	O
higher	O
host	B-COMP
interferon	O
responses	O
and	O
virus	B-SPEC
attenuation	O
.	O

When	O
cells	B-COMP
were	O
treated	O
methyl	B-CHED
-	O
β	O
-	O
cyclodextrin	B-CHED
(	O
MβCD	O
)	O
and	O
inoculated	O
with	O
type	B-PRGE
I	I-PRGE
FCoV	I-PRGE
,	O
the	O
infection	B-DISO
rate	O
decreased	O
significantly	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
addition	O
of	O
exogenous	O
cholesterol	B-CHED
to	O
MβCD	O
-	O
treated	O
cells	B-COMP
resulted	O
in	O
the	O
recovery	O
of	O
the	O
infectivity	O
of	O
type	B-PRGE
I	I-PRGE
FCoV	I-PRGE
.	O
Furthermore	O
,	O
exogenous	O
cholesterol	B-CHED
increased	O
the	O
infectivity	O
of	O
type	B-PRGE
I	I-PRGE
FCoV	I-PRGE
.	O
In	O
contrast	O
,	O
the	O
addition	O
of	O
MβCD	O
and	O
exogenous	O
cholesterol	B-CHED
had	O
little	O
effect	O
on	O
the	O
efficiency	O
of	O
type	O
II	O
FCoV	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

These	O
results	O
strongly	O
suggest	O
that	O
the	O
dependence	B-DISO
of	O
infection	B-DISO
by	O
types	O
I	O
and	O
II	O
FCoV	O
on	O
cholesterol	B-CHED
differs	O
.	O

The	O
study	O
group	O
comprised	O
58	O
infants	O
with	O
severe	O
measles	B-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
who	O
were	O
admitted	O
to	O
the	O
Second	O
Pediatric	O
Intensive	O
Care	O
Unit	O
,	O
Shengjing	O
Hospital	O
of	O
China	O
Medical	O
University	O
,	O
from	O
December	O
2013	O
through	O
May	O
2014	O
.	O

The	O
58	O
infants	O
experienced	O
the	O
following	O
:	O
hypoxemia	O
,	O
100	O
%;	O
ARDS	O
,	O
21	O
%;	O
sepsis	B-DISO
,	O
34	O
%;	O
pneumothorax	B-DISO
,	O
14	O
%;	O
MODS	B-DISO
,	O
16	O
%;	O
and	O
intracranial	B-ANAT
infection	B-DISO
,	O
9	O
%.	O

If	O
a	O
patient	O
'	O
s	O
condition	B-DISO
changes	O
abruptly	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
crucial	O
to	O
promptly	O
respond	O
to	O
the	O
change	O
and	O
to	O
administer	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
and	O
appropriate	O
antibiotics	B-CHED
.	O

Respiratory	B-PROC
mechanics	I-PROC
,	O
blood	B-PROC
gases	I-PROC
,	O
hemodynamic	B-PROC
data	O
,	O
and	O
whole	O
-	O
lung	B-ANAT
computed	O
tomography	O
scans	O
were	O
recorded	O
at	O
each	O
PEEP	B-CHED
level	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
OL	O
-	O
PEEP	B-CHED
was	O
higher	O
than	O
Pes	B-ANAT
-	O
PEEP	B-CHED
,	O
which	O
induced	O
a	O
higher	O
PL	O
-	O
exp	O
at	O
OL	O
-	O
PEEP	B-CHED
than	O
at	O
Pes	B-ANAT
-	O
PEEP	B-CHED
(	O
4	O
.	O
6	O
[	O
1	O
.	O
6	O
]	O
cm	O
H2O	B-CHED
vs	O
.	O
1	O
.	O
2	O
[	O
0	O
.	O
6	O
]	O
cm	O
H2O	B-CHED
,	O
p	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
001	O
).	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
with	O
concomitant	O
impairment	B-DISO
of	O
oxygenation	B-PROC
and	O
decarboxylation	O
represents	O
a	O
complex	O
problem	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
increased	B-DISO
intracranial	I-DISO
pressure	I-DISO
(	O
ICP	B-DISO
).	O

The	O
medical	O
records	O
of	O
ten	O
patients	O
(	O
eight	O
male	O
,	O
two	O
female	O
)	O
with	O
severe	O
ARDS	B-DISO
and	O
severe	O
TBI	O
concurrently	O
managed	O
with	O
external	O
ventricular	B-ANAT
drainage	B-ANAT
in	O
the	O
neurointensive	O
care	O
unit	O
(	O
NICU	O
)	O
were	O
retrospectively	O
analyzed	O
.	O

At	O
the	O
same	O
time	O
,	O
potentially	O
detrimental	O
hypercapnia	B-DISO
that	O
may	O
increase	O
ICP	B-DISO
is	O
avoided	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
During	O
the	O
study	O
period	O
,	O
88	O
ESKAPE	O
pathogens	O
obtained	O
from	O
respiratory	B-ANAT
tract	I-ANAT
specimens	O
of	O
54	O
ARDS	B-DISO
renal	B-ANAT
recipients	O
were	O
documented	O
including	O
33	O
A	O
.	O
baumannii	O
,	O
24	O
P	O
.	O
aeruginosa	O
,	O
17	O
S	O
.	O
aureus	O
,	O
6	O
K	O
.	O
pneumoniae	O
,	O
8	O
Enterobacter	B-SPEC
species	I-SPEC
,	O
and	O
0	O
E	O
.	O
Faecium	O
.	O

Expanding	O
migratory	O
patterns	O
observed	O
among	O
bats	B-SPEC
and	O
the	O
mutation	O
of	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
to	O
seek	O
and	O
successfully	O
infect	O
new	O
hosts	B-COMP
is	O
a	O
significant	O
departure	O
from	O
the	O
generalized	O
epidemiological	O
trend	O
.	O

The	O
virus	B-SPEC
was	O
detected	O
in	O
1	O
.	O
71	O
%	O
(	O
92	O
/	O
5365	O
)	O
of	O
the	O
samples	O
corresponding	O
to	O
5	O
.	O
95	O
%	O
(	O
63	O
/	O
1058	O
)	O
of	O
the	O
diarrhea	B-DISO
cases	O
in	O
239	O
beef	O
and	O
324	O
dairy	O
farms	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Modern	O
human	B-SPEC
activity	O
fueled	O
by	O
economic	O
development	O
is	O
profoundly	O
altering	O
our	O
relationship	O
with	O
microorganisms	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Sequencing	O
and	O
Phylogenetic	O
Analyses	O
of	O
Structural	O
and	O
Accessory	O
Proteins	B-CHED
of	O
Middle	O
East	O
Respiratory	O
Syndrome	O
Coronavirus	B-SPEC
from	O
the	O
First	O
Imported	O
Case	O
in	O
China	O
,	O
2015	O
].	O

All	O
coding	O
gene	O
of	O
structural	O
(	O
S	O
,	O
E	O
,	O
M	O
,	O
E	O
)	O
and	O
accessory	O
(	O
ORF3	O
,	O
ORF4a	O
,	O
ORF4b	O
,	O
ORF5	O
,	O
ORF8b	O
)	O
proteins	B-CHED
were	O
sequenced	O
and	O
analyzed	O
.	O

In	O
conclusion	O
,	O
genome	O
of	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV_	O
China	O
GD01	O
was	O
general	O
conserved	O
although	O
several	O
genetic	O
variations	O
were	O
found	O
among	O
structural	O
and	O
accessory	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
coding	I-PRGE
genes	I-PRGE
.	O

Future	O
studies	O
must	O
build	O
upon	O
larger	O
-	O
scale	O
collaborations	O
,	O
but	O
also	O
strictly	O
adhere	O
to	O
the	O
highest	O
evidence	O
-	O
based	O
principles	O
in	O
study	O
design	O
,	O
in	O
order	B-SPEC
to	O
reduce	O
research	O
waste	O
and	O
provide	O
clinically	O
translatable	O
evidence	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Non	O
-	O
Invasive	O
Detection	O
of	O
Lung	B-DISO
Inflammation	I-DISO
by	O
Near	O
-	O
Infrared	O
Fluorescence	O
Imaging	O
Using	O
Bimodal	O
Liposomes	O
.	O

Critical	O
characteristics	O
of	O
ALI	O
are	O
alveolar	B-DISO
edema	I-DISO
,	O
infiltration	B-DISO
of	O
leukocytes	B-ANAT
(	O
neutrophils	B-ANAT
and	O
monocytes	B-ANAT
),	O
release	B-PATH
of	O
pro	B-CHED
-	O
inflammatory	O
cytokines	O
and	O
chemokines	O
into	O
broncho	O
-	O
alveolar	B-ANAT
lavage	I-ANAT
fluid	I-ANAT
,	O
and	O
activation	O
of	O
integrin	B-PRGE
receptors	I-PRGE
.	O

In	O
vitro	O
studies	O
demonstrated	O
integrin	B-PRGE
receptor	I-PRGE
specificity	O
of	O
targeted	B-PROC
liposomes	O
.	O

These	O
targeted	B-PROC
liposomes	O
showed	O
binding	B-FUNC
to	O
alphavbeta5	B-PRGE
integrin	I-PRGE
receptors	I-PRGE
expressed	B-PROC
on	O
alveolar	B-ANAT
cells	B-COMP
.	O

In	O
this	O
particular	O
case	O
,	O
the	O
cardiac	B-ANAT
electrical	O
instability	O
was	O
definitely	O
maintained	O
by	O
several	O
causes	O
,	O
including	O
severe	O
hypokalemia	O
,	O
which	O
has	O
not	O
been	O
previously	O
reported	O
as	O
related	O
to	O
Taxus	B-SPEC
poisoning	O
.	O

Community	O
-	O
acquired	O
ARDS	B-DISO
,	O
hospital	O
-	O
acquired	O
ARDS	B-DISO
and	O
intensive	O
care	O
unit	O
(	O
ICU	O
)-	O
acquired	O
ARDS	B-DISO
were	O
defined	O
as	O
ARDS	B-DISO
occurring	O
within	O
48	O
hours	O
of	O
hospital	O
or	O
ICU	O
admission	O
,	O
more	O
than	O
48	O
hours	O
after	O
hospital	O
admission	O
and	O
ICU	O
admission	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Porcine	B-SPEC
epidemic	I-SPEC
diarrhea	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
ORF3	O
gene	O
prolongs	O
S	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
phase	I-PROC
,	O
facilitates	O
formation	B-PROC
of	O
vesicles	B-ANAT
and	O
promotes	O
the	O
proliferation	B-DISO
of	O
attenuated	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
.	O

In	O
addition	O
,	O
the	O
ORF3	O
-	O
expressing	O
Vero	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
had	O
more	O
vesicles	B-COMP
than	O
the	O
host	B-COMP
Vero	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Sequence	O
and	O
phylogenetic	O
analyses	O
of	O
the	O
M	O
and	O
N	O
genes	O
of	O
porcine	B-SPEC
epidemic	I-SPEC
diarrhea	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
)	O
strains	O
in	O
Anhui	O
Province	O
,	O
China	O
.	O

The	O
results	O
revealed	O
that	O
the	O
M	O
and	O
N	O
genes	O
of	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
were	O
681	O
and	O
1326	O
bp	O
long	O
,	O
respectively	O
.	O

Compared	O
with	O
the	O
PEDV	O
reference	O
strains	O
,	O
the	O
Anhui	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
field	O
strains	O
had	O
96	O
.	O
9	O
-	O
100	O
%	O
nucleotide	B-CHED
sequence	O
homology	O
in	O
the	O
M	B-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
and	O
96	O
.	O
5	O
-	O
99	O
.	O
6	O
%	O
amino	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
homology	O
in	O
the	O
M	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
.	O

Several	O
studies	O
confirmed	O
dromedary	B-SPEC
camels	B-SPEC
to	O
be	O
a	O
potential	O
reservoir	O
and	O
a	O
source	O
for	O
human	B-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
.	O

Epidemiological	O
information	O
revealed	O
that	O
all	O
seropositive	O
camels	B-SPEC
had	O
been	O
imported	O
from	O
Africa	O
20	O
or	O
more	O
years	O
prior	O
.	O

Starting	O
from	O
the	O
end	O
of	O
2010	O
,	O
a	O
PED	O
outbreak	O
occurred	O
in	O
several	O
pig	B-SPEC
-	O
producing	O
provinces	O
in	O
southern	O
China	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Middle	O
East	O
Respiratory	O
Syndrome	B-DISO
Coronavirus	B-SPEC
Superspreading	O
Event	O
Involving	O
81	O
Persons	O
,	O
Korea	O
2015	O
.	O

As	O
in	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
outbreaks	O
,	O
superspreading	O
events	O
can	O
cause	O
a	O
large	O
outbreak	O
of	O
MERS	O
in	O
healthcare	O
facilities	O
with	O
severe	O
consequences	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Neurogenic	B-DISO
pulmonary	I-DISO
edema	I-DISO
(	O
NPE	O
)	O
is	O
a	O
clinical	O
syndrome	B-DISO
usually	O
defined	O
as	O
an	O
acute	B-DISO
pulmonary	I-DISO
edema	I-DISO
occurring	O
shortly	O
after	O
a	O
central	O
neurologic	O
insult	O
.	O

SM	O
is	O
a	O
reversible	O
cardiomyopathy	B-DISO
resulting	O
in	O
transient	O
left	B-DISO
ventricular	I-DISO
dysfunction	I-DISO
which	O
has	O
been	O
described	O
to	O
occur	O
in	O
the	O
setting	O
of	O
catecholamine	B-CHED
release	B-PATH
during	O
situations	O
of	O
physiologic	O
stress	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
there	O
are	O
no	O
methods	O
available	O
to	O
detect	O
DNA	O
and	O
RNA	O
viruses	B-SPEC
in	O
the	O
same	O
reaction	O
system	O
in	O
preclinical	O
level	O
.	O

In	O
an	O
attempt	O
to	O
study	O
the	O
role	O
of	O
this	O
protein	B-CHED
in	O
virus	B-SPEC
spread	O
within	O
the	O
central	B-ANAT
nervous	I-ANAT
system	I-ANAT
(	O
CNS	B-CHED
)	O
and	O
neurovirulence	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
to	O
identify	O
amino	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
residues	O
important	O
for	O
such	O
functions	O
,	O
we	O
compared	O
the	O
sequence	O
of	O
the	O
S	B-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
found	O
in	O
the	O
laboratory	O
reference	O
strain	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
OC43	I-SPEC
ATCC	O
VR	O
-	O
759	O
to	O
S	O
sequences	O
of	O
viruses	B-SPEC
detected	O
in	O
clinical	O
isolates	O
from	O
the	O
human	B-SPEC
respiratory	B-ANAT
tract	I-ANAT
.	O

The	O
alstotides	O
(	O
As1	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
As4	B-CHED
)	O
were	O
characterized	O
by	O
both	O
proteomic	O
and	O
genomic	O
methods	O
.	O

In	O
recent	O
years	O
,	O
some	O
studies	O
have	O
tried	O
to	O
clarify	O
the	O
pathophysiological	O
characteristics	O
underlying	O
chronic	O
critical	B-DISO
illness	I-DISO
(	O
CCI	O
),	O
a	O
disease	O
that	O
is	O
also	O
characterized	O
by	O
severe	O
endocrine	B-CHED
and	O
inflammatory	O
impairments	O
,	O
partly	O
accounting	O
for	O
the	O
almost	O
constant	O
set	O
of	O
symptoms	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Emergence	O
of	O
novel	O
nephropathogenic	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
viruses	B-SPEC
currently	O
circulating	O
in	O
Chinese	O
chicken	O
flocks	O
.	O

Pathogenicity	O
experiments	O
in	O
chickens	B-SPEC
using	O
three	O
of	O
the	O
eight	O
virus	B-SPEC
isolates	O
revealed	O
that	O
they	O
were	O
nephropathogenic	O
and	O
had	O
similar	O
pathogenicity	O
to	O
the	O
parental	O
viruses	B-SPEC
.	O

MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
may	O
be	O
considered	O
a	O
zoonotic	O
virus	B-SPEC
that	O
has	O
crossed	O
the	O
species	B-SPEC
barrier	O
to	O
humans	B-SPEC
,	O
but	O
the	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
and	O
the	O
routes	O
of	O
transmission	O
are	O
not	O
completely	O
understood	O
.	O

Human	B-SPEC
-	O
to	O
-	O
human	B-SPEC
transmission	O
though	O
was	O
observed	O
on	O
some	O
occasions	O
in	O
Korea	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
documented	O
as	O
non	O
-	O
sustainable	O
event	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Human	B-SPEC
Coronavirus	I-SPEC
229E	I-SPEC
Remains	O
Infectious	B-DISO
on	O
Common	O
Touch	B-PROC
Surface	O
Materials	O
.	O

Exposure	O
to	O
copper	B-CHED
destroyed	O
the	O
viral	O
genomes	O
and	O
irreversibly	O
affected	O
virus	B-SPEC
morphology	O
,	O
including	O
disintegration	B-DISO
of	O
envelope	B-COMP
and	O
dispersal	O
of	O
surface	O
spikes	O
.	O

We	O
show	O
here	O
that	O
a	O
closely	O
related	O
human	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
,	O
229E	O
,	O
which	O
causes	O
upper	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
tract	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
in	O
healthy	O
individuals	O
and	O
serious	O
disease	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
comorbidities	O
,	O
remained	O
infectious	B-DISO
on	O
surface	O
materials	O
common	O
to	O
public	O
and	O
domestic	O
areas	O
for	O
several	O
days	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
examine	O
complications	O
associated	O
with	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
therapeutic	O
temperature	O
modulation	O
(	O
mild	O
hypothermia	O
and	O
normothermia	O
)	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
traumatic	O
brain	B-ANAT
injury	O
(	O
TBI	O
).	O

The	O
control	O
group	O
received	O
standard	O
treatment	O
with	O
intermittent	O
acetaminophen	B-CHED
for	O
fever	B-PROC
.	O

Within	O
the	O
TTM	B-DISO
group	O
eight	O
patients	O
were	O
treated	O
with	O
normothermia	O
after	O
TBI	O
and	O
35	O
patients	O
were	O
treated	O
with	O
hypothermia	O
.	O

Exposure	O
to	O
TTM	B-DISO
is	O
associated	O
with	O
an	O
increase	O
in	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
complications	I-DISO
.	O

These	O
findings	O
support	O
more	O
attention	O
to	O
these	O
complications	O
in	O
studies	O
of	O
TTM	B-DISO
in	O
TBI	O
patients	O
.	O

We	O
aimed	O
to	O
describe	O
the	O
consequences	O
of	O
bronchoscopy	O
during	O
lung	B-ANAT
-	O
protective	O
ventilation	O
in	O
a	O
bench	O
study	O
,	O
and	O
thereby	O
to	O
determine	O
the	O
optimal	O
diameter	O
of	O
the	O
bronchoscope	O
for	O
avoiding	O
disruption	O
of	O
the	O
protective	O
-	O
ventilation	O
strategy	O
during	O
the	O
procedure	O
.	O

Inclusion	O
criteria	O
were	O
cats	B-SPEC
that	O
had	O
complete	O
diagnostic	O
workups	O
,	O
including	O
clinical	O
,	O
clinicopathological	O
,	O
serological	O
,	O
and	O
histopathological	O
data	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
imaging	O
modalities	O
.	O

The	O
conditions	O
promoting	O
or	O
stemming	O
self	O
-	O
reactive	O
(	O
SR	O
)	O
T	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
following	O
viral	O
-	O
induced	O
tissue	B-ANAT
damage	O
thus	O
need	O
to	O
be	O
better	O
defined	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
The	O
data	O
demonstrate	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
APC	B-COMP
capable	O
of	O
activating	O
SR	O
T	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
in	O
both	O
draining	O
lymph	B-ANAT
nodes	I-ANAT
and	O
the	O
CNS	B-CHED
temporally	O
correlating	O
with	O
overt	O
demyelination	B-DISO
.	O

Without	O
these	O
diagnostic	O
tools	O
,	O
the	O
geographical	O
spread	O
of	O
new	O
infections	B-DISO
,	O
follow	O
-	O
up	O
of	O
the	O
disease	O
outbreak	O
and	O
analysis	O
of	O
the	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
of	O
the	O
disease	O
are	O
not	O
possible	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Prone	O
position	O
for	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
in	O
adults	O
.	O

Ventilation	O
in	O
the	O
prone	O
position	O
may	O
improve	O
lung	B-ANAT
mechanics	O
and	O
gas	B-ENZY
exchange	O
and	O
could	O
improve	O
outcomes	O
.	O

The	O
quality	O
of	O
the	O
evidence	O
for	O
both	O
outcomes	O
was	O
rated	O
as	O
low	O
as	O
a	O
result	O
of	O
important	O
potential	O
bias	B-SPEC
and	O
serious	O
inconsistency	O
.	O

Extrapulmonary	O
loci	O
of	O
virus	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
seem	O
possible	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
One	O
hundred	O
ninety	O
-	O
nine	O
LRT	B-ANAT
samples	O
collected	O
during	O
the	O
3	O
weeks	O
following	O
diagnosis	O
yielded	O
virus	B-SPEC
RNA	O
in	O
93	O
%	O
of	O
tests	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Impact	O
of	O
Recruitment	B-DISO
on	O
Static	O
and	O
Dynamic	O
Lung	B-ANAT
Strain	O
in	O
Acute	B-DISO
Respiratory	I-DISO
Distress	I-DISO
Syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

However	O
,	O
changes	O
in	O
lung	B-PROC
volumes	I-PROC
in	O
response	O
to	O
pressures	O
may	O
occur	O
in	O
injured	O
lungs	B-ANAT
and	O
modify	O
strain	O
values	O
.	O

Lung	B-PROC
volumes	I-PROC
were	O
measured	O
by	O
helium	B-CHED
dilution	O
and	O
inductance	O
plethysmography	O
.	O

From	O
both	O
series	O
,	O
recruited	O
volume	O
and	O
lung	B-ANAT
strain	O
(	O
total	O
,	O
dynamic	O
,	O
and	O
static	O
)	O
were	O
computed	O
.	O

An	O
analysis	O
restricted	O
to	O
the	O
changes	O
in	O
normally	O
aerated	O
lung	B-ANAT
yielded	O
similar	O
results	O
.	O

The	O
method	O
of	O
virus	B-SPEC
inactivation	B-DISO
using	O
a	O
psoralen	B-CHED
molecule	O
appears	O
to	O
have	O
broad	O
applicability	O
to	O
RNA	O
viruses	B-SPEC
and	O
to	O
leave	O
both	O
the	O
particle	O
and	O
RNA	O
of	O
the	O
treated	O
virus	B-SPEC
intact	O
,	O
while	O
rendering	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
non	O
-	O
infectious	B-DISO
.	O

Systemic	O
examination	O
revealed	O
pyogenic	B-DISO
liver	I-DISO
abscess	I-DISO
and	O
percutaneous	O
drainage	B-ANAT
of	O
abscess	B-DISO
disclosed	O
Klebsiella	B-SPEC
pneumoniae	I-SPEC
,	O
which	O
was	O
also	O
isolated	O
from	O
conjunctival	B-DISO
discharge	I-DISO
.	O

(	O
18	O
)	O
F	O
-	O
Fluorodeoxyglucose	O
([(	O
18	O
)	O
F	O
]-	O
FDG	O
)-	O
positron	B-CHED
emission	B-ANAT
tomography	O
/	O
computed	O
tomography	O
(	O
PET	O
/	O
CT	O
)	O
as	O
a	O
longitudinal	O
noninvasive	O
approach	O
can	O
be	O
beneficial	O
in	O
providing	O
biomarkers	O
for	O
host	B-COMP
immune	B-PROC
response	I-PROC
.	O

[(	O
18	O
)	O
F	O
]-	O
FDG	O
-	O
PET	O
is	O
able	O
to	O
detect	O
subtle	O
changes	O
in	O
host	B-COMP
immune	B-PROC
response	I-PROC
to	O
contain	O
a	O
subclinical	O
virus	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
.	O

However	O
,	O
very	O
little	O
is	O
known	O
about	O
the	O
interactions	O
among	O
these	O
accessory	O
proteins	B-CHED
.	O

Twenty	O
-	O
four	O
bed	B-DISO
university	O
medical	O
ICU	O
.	O

Hence	O
,	O
sepsis	B-DISO
patients	O
with	O
macrophage	B-DISO
activation	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
features	O
may	O
benefit	O
from	O
interleukin	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
receptor	I-PRGE
blockade	O
.	O

Sepsis	B-DISO
patients	O
with	O
multiorgan	O
dysfunction	O
syndrome	B-DISO
and	O
/	O
or	O
shock	O
(	O
original	O
study	O
)	O
were	O
regrouped	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
presence	O
or	O
the	O
absence	O
of	O
concurrent	O
hepatobiliary	B-ANAT
dysfunction	O
and	O
disseminated	B-DISO
intravascular	I-DISO
coagulation	I-DISO
as	O
features	O
of	O
macrophage	B-DISO
activation	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

To	O
better	O
understand	O
these	O
processes	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
important	O
to	O
compare	O
the	O
phylogenetic	O
relationships	O
between	O
different	O
agents	O
to	O
that	O
of	O
their	O
respective	O
hosts	B-COMP
.	O

Interestingly	O
,	O
the	O
sequence	O
similarities	O
in	O
samples	O
collected	O
from	O
the	O
same	O
bat	B-ENZY
species	B-SPEC
in	O
different	O
geographical	O
areas	O
were	O
distinctly	O
larger	O
than	O
the	O
sequence	O
similarities	O
between	O
samples	O
from	O
different	O
species	B-SPEC
sampled	O
at	O
the	O
same	O
location	O
.	O

Following	O
an	O
assessment	O
of	O
epidemiologic	O
risk	O
factors	O
,	O
including	O
travel	O
to	O
countries	O
with	O
current	O
MERS	O
transmission	O
and	O
contact	O
with	O
patients	O
with	O
confirmed	O
MERS	O
within	O
14	O
days	O
,	O
patients	O
are	O
risk	O
stratified	O
by	O
type	O
of	O
exposure	O
coupled	O
with	O
symptoms	O
of	O
fever	B-PROC
and	O
respiratory	O
illness	O
.	O

If	O
criteria	O
are	O
met	B-CHED
,	O
patients	O
must	O
be	O
immediately	O
placed	O
into	O
airborne	O
infection	B-DISO
isolation	O
(	O
or	O
a	O
private	O
room	O
until	O
this	O
type	O
of	O
isolation	O
is	O
available	O
)	O
and	O
the	O
emergency	B-DISO
practitioner	O
must	O
alert	O
the	O
hospital	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
prevention	O
and	O
control	O
team	O
and	O
the	O
local	O
public	O
health	O
department	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Proton	B-CHED
transfer	O
reactions	O
are	O
of	O
crucial	O
interest	O
for	O
the	O
investigation	O
of	O
proteins	B-CHED
.	O

We	O
have	O
investigated	O
the	O
accuracy	O
of	O
commonly	O
used	O
quantum	O
chemical	O
methods	O
for	O
the	O
description	O
of	O
proton	B-CHED
transfer	O
reactions	O
in	O
different	O
environments	O
(	O
gas	B-ENZY
phase	O
,	O
COSMO	B-SPEC
,	O
QM	O
/	O
MM	O
)	O
using	O
the	O
proton	B-CHED
transfer	O
between	O
the	O
catalytic	O
dyad	O
residues	O
cysteine	B-CHED
145	O
and	O
histidine	B-CHED
41	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
main	O
protease	O
as	O
a	O
case	O
study	O
.	O

In	O
contrast	O
for	O
semiempirical	O
methods	O
,	O
the	O
errors	O
strongly	O
diversify	O
if	O
one	O
goes	B-SPEC
from	O
gas	B-ENZY
phase	O
to	O
COSMO	B-SPEC
or	O
QM	O
/	O
MM	O
.	O

Particular	O
problems	O
are	O
observed	O
for	O
the	O
recent	O
semiempirical	O
methods	O
PM6	O
and	O
RM1	O
,	O
which	O
show	O
the	O
best	O
performance	O
for	O
gas	B-ENZY
phase	O
calculations	O
but	O
possess	B-DISO
larger	O
errors	O
in	O
conjunction	O
with	O
COSMO	B-SPEC
.	O

However	O
,	O
the	O
severity	O
of	O
clinical	O
signs	O
,	O
mortality	O
(	O
0	O
-	O
75	O
%)	O
and	O
fecal	B-ANAT
PEDV	B-SPEC
RNA	O
shedding	O
titers	O
varied	O
among	O
the	O
four	O
S	O
-	O
INDEL	O
Iowa106	O
-	O
inoculated	O
litters	O
.	O

Prior	O
infection	B-DISO
by	O
S	O
-	O
INDEL	B-PROC
Iowa106	O
provided	O
partial	O
cross	O
-	O
protection	O
to	O
piglets	O
against	O
the	O
original	O
PC21A	O
challenge	O
at	O
21	O
-	O
29	O
dpi	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
Binational	O
Border	O
Infectious	B-DISO
Disease	I-DISO
Surveillance	O
program	O
began	O
surveillance	O
for	O
severe	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
infections	I-DISO
(	O
SARI	O
)	O
on	O
the	O
US	O
-	O
Mexico	O
border	B-ANAT
in	O
2009	O
.	O

The	O
air	O
emitted	O
by	O
15	O
participants	O
with	O
laboratory	O
-	O
confirmed	O
influenza	B-SPEC
virus	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
was	O
sampled	O
.	O

Of	O
the	O
patients	O
infected	O
with	O
influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
,	O
viral	O
RNA	O
was	O
recovered	O
from	O
the	O
air	B-CHED
emitted	O
by	O
9	O
/	O
12	O
patients	O
using	O
the	O
low	O
-	O
volume	O
sampler	O
;	O
no	O
viral	O
RNA	O
was	O
detected	O
from	O
air	B-CHED
emitted	O
by	O
patients	O
with	O
influenza	B-DISO
B	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
3	O
).	O

The	O
article	O
presents	O
requirements	O
for	O
personal	O
protective	O
equipment	O
(	O
PPE	B-CHED
)	O
in	O
microbiological	O
laboratories	O
and	O
examples	O
of	O
selection	O
and	O
application	O
of	O
disposable	O
PPE	B-CHED
.	O

We	O
determined	O
the	O
first	O
X	O
-	O
ray	B-SPEC
crystal	B-ANAT
structure	O
of	O
FIPV	O
-	O
3CL	O
(	O
pro	B-PRGE
)	O
in	O
complex	O
with	O
the	O
best	O
inhibitor	B-CHED
identified	O
,	O
compound	O
6	O
,	O
to	O
a	O
resolution	O
of	O
2	O
.	O
10	O
Å	O
to	O
better	O
understand	O
the	O
structural	O
basis	O
for	O
inhibitor	O
specificity	O
.	O

Bronchoscopy	O
was	O
performed	O
on	O
all	O
subjects	O
at	O
burn	O
center	O
admission	O
and	O
grading	O
of	O
severity	O
was	O
documented	O
using	O
the	O
grades	O
0	O
to	O
4	O
abbreviated	O
injury	O
score	O
(	O
AIS	B-DISO
).	O

The	O
individual	O
grades	O
of	O
the	O
0	O
to	O
4	O
AIS	B-DISO
INH	O
severity	O
grading	O
scale	O
were	O
not	O
particularly	O
robust	O
in	O
the	O
prediction	O
of	O
various	O
outcomes	O
among	O
a	O
population	O
of	O
adult	O
burn	O
patients	O
.	O

Investigations	O
over	O
the	O
last	O
two	O
decades	O
have	O
revolved	O
around	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
rescue	O
therapies	O
that	O
can	O
be	O
used	O
for	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
ARDS	B-DISO
and	O
refractory	O
hypoxemia	O
.	O

Finally	O
,	O
recent	O
studies	O
have	O
found	O
that	O
the	O
routine	O
use	O
of	O
high	O
-	O
frequency	O
oscillatory	O
ventilation	O
in	O
severe	O
ARDS	B-DISO
does	O
not	O
result	O
in	O
decreased	O
mortality	O
,	O
although	O
the	O
technique	O
has	O
not	O
been	O
specifically	O
investigated	O
as	O
rescue	O
therapy	O
for	O
severe	O
refractory	O
hypoxemia	O
.	O

This	O
is	O
a	O
retrospective	O
study	O
describing	O
the	O
radiological	O
findings	O
and	O
evolution	B-PROC
in	O
seven	O
children	O
with	O
febrile	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
-	O
related	O
epilepsy	B-DISO
syndrome	B-DISO
who	O
presented	O
from	O
2009	O
to	O
2013	O
.	O

After	O
six	O
to	O
twelve	O
months	O
,	O
most	O
of	O
the	O
patients	O
showed	O
moderate	O
to	O
severe	O
cerebral	B-DISO
atrophy	I-DISO
and	O
by	O
one	O
year	O
,	O
cerebellar	B-DISO
atrophy	I-DISO
was	O
also	O
appreciated	O
.	O

SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
,	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
,	O
and	O
influenza	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
can	O
survive	O
on	O
surfaces	O
for	O
extended	O
periods	B-PROC
,	O
sometimes	O
up	O
to	O
months	O
.	O

We	O
investigated	O
the	O
spatial	O
and	O
cellular	B-PROC
localization	I-PROC
of	O
DPP4	B-PRGE
to	O
evaluate	O
an	O
association	O
MERS	O
clinical	O
disease	O
.	O

In	O
the	O
parenchyma	B-ANAT
,	O
DPP4	B-PRGE
was	O
found	O
principally	O
in	O
type	O
I	O
and	O
II	O
cells	B-COMP
and	O
alveolar	B-ANAT
macrophages	I-ANAT
and	O
was	O
also	O
detected	O
in	O
vascular	B-ANAT
endothelium	I-ANAT
(	O
eg	O
,	O
lymphatics	B-ANAT
)	O
and	O
pleural	O
mesothelia	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
following	O
cardiovascular	B-ANAT
surgery	O
:	O
current	O
concepts	O
and	O
novel	O
therapeutic	O
approaches	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Silicone	B-CHED
injections	O
,	O
in	O
particular	O
illegal	O
injections	O
,	O
carried	O
out	O
in	O
an	O
aesthetic	O
purpose	O
,	O
can	O
cause	O
serious	O
complications	O
,	O
like	O
silicone	B-CHED
embolism	B-DISO
syndrome	B-DISO
.	O

It	O
was	O
the	O
complications	O
of	O
silicone	B-CHED
injections	O
which	O
revealed	O
a	O
severe	O
personality	B-DISO
disorder	I-DISO
.	O

A	O
serious	O
alveolar	B-ANAT
hemorrhage	B-DISO
in	O
a	O
young	O
patient	O
should	O
raise	O
suspicion	O
of	O
silicone	B-CHED
embolism	B-DISO
syndrome	B-DISO
,	O
especially	O
if	O
there	O
are	O
cutaneous	O
lesions	O
compatible	O
with	O
injections	O
.	O

Adequate	O
biosafety	O
measures	O
should	O
be	O
in	O
place	O
at	O
all	O
levels	O
of	O
the	O
swine	B-SPEC
production	O
chain	O
,	O
including	O
feed	O
and	O
feed	O
ingredients	O
.	O

This	O
was	O
the	O
second	O
novel	O
swine	B-SPEC
enteric	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
detected	O
in	O
the	O
US	O
since	O
May	O
2013	O
.	O

In	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
we	O
conducted	O
retrospective	O
testing	O
of	O
samples	O
submitted	O
to	O
three	O
veterinary	O
diagnostic	O
laboratories	O
where	O
qualifying	O
biological	O
samples	O
were	O
derived	O
from	O
previously	O
submitted	O
diagnostic	O
case	O
submissions	O
from	O
US	O
commercial	O
swine	B-SPEC
farms	O
with	O
a	O
clinical	O
history	O
of	O
enteric	O
disease	O
or	O
from	O
cases	O
that	O
had	O
been	O
previously	O
tested	O
for	O
transmissible	O
gastroenteritis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
,	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
,	O
or	O
rotavirus	B-SPEC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Intensive	O
care	O
unit	O
surveillance	O
of	O
influenza	B-PATH
infection	B-DISO
in	O
France	O
:	O
the	O
2009	O
/	O
10	O
pandemic	O
and	O
the	O
three	O
subsequent	O
seasons	O
.	O

All	O
severe	O
influenza	B-DISO
cases	O
admitted	O
to	O
intensive	O
care	O
units	O
(	O
ICU	O
)	O
were	O
reported	O
to	O
the	O
Institut	O
de	O
Veille	O
Sanitaire	O
using	O
a	O
standardised	O
form	O
:	O
data	O
on	O
demographics	O
,	O
immunisation	O
and	O
virological	O
status	O
,	O
risk	O
factors	O
,	O
severity	O
(	O
e	O
.	O
g	O
.	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
onset	O
,	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
,	O
extracorporeal	O
life	O
support	O
)	O
and	O
outcome	O
.	O

Most	O
ICU	O
patients	O
were	O
infected	O
with	O
A	O
(	O
H1N1	O
)	O
pdm09	O
,	O
except	O
during	O
the	O
2011	O
/	O
12	O
winter	O
season	O
when	O
A	O
(	O
H3N2	B-CHED
)-	O
related	O
infections	B-DISO
predominated	O
.	O

Unfortunately	O
,	O
early	O
investigations	O
that	O
used	O
recycled	O
""""	O
pedigree	O
""""	O
virus	B-SPEC
strains	O
seem	O
to	O
have	O
led	O
microbiologists	O
to	O
dismiss	O
the	O
common	O
folk	O
belief	O
that	O
vARIs	O
often	O
follow	O
chilling	B-DISO
.	O

Epidemiological	O
anomalies	O
such	O
as	O
the	O
repeated	O
simultaneous	O
arrival	O
of	O
vARIs	O
over	O
wide	O
geographical	O
areas	O
,	O
the	O
rapid	O
cessation	O
of	O
influenza	B-DISO
epidemics	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
low	O
attack	O
rate	O
of	O
influenza	B-DISO
within	O
families	O
are	O
compatible	O
with	O
M4	O
,	O
but	O
not	O
M3	O
(	O
in	O
its	O
simple	O
form	O
).	O

Here	O
,	O
we	O
review	O
researches	O
related	O
to	O
the	O
pathological	O
role	O
of	O
histone	B-PRGE
in	O
context	O
of	O
sepsis	B-DISO
and	O
ARDS	B-DISO
and	O
evaluate	O
the	O
potential	O
value	O
of	O
histones	O
as	O
biomarkers	O
and	O
therapeutic	O
targets	O
of	O
these	O
diseases	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Attenuation	O
mechanism	O
of	O
virulent	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
strain	O
with	O
QX	O
genotype	O
by	O
continuous	O
passage	O
in	O
chicken	O
embryos	B-ANAT
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
virulent	O
isolate	O
SDZB0808	O
of	O
QX	O
-	O
type	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
IBV	B-SPEC
)	O
was	O
continuously	O
passaged	O
in	O
chicken	B-SPEC
embryos	B-ANAT
for	O
110	O
generations	O
.	O

Results	O
showed	O
that	O
with	O
the	O
passage	O
in	O
chicken	B-SPEC
embryos	B-ANAT
,	O
the	O
proportion	O
of	O
the	O
viruses	B-SPEC
with	O
30bp	O
deletion	O
gradually	O
increased	O
.	O

Almost	O
100	O
%	O
of	O
the	O
viruses	B-SPEC
in	O
the	O
P110	O
had	O
30bp	O
deletion	O
in	O
the	O
replicase	B-PRGE
1a	I-PRGE
sequence	I-PRGE
.	O

This	O
work	O
confirmed	O
the	O
high	O
safety	O
and	O
immune	O
efficacy	O
of	O
P110	O
in	O
SPF	B-PRGE
chickens	I-PRGE
.	O

To	O
determine	O
whether	O
these	O
mutations	O
lead	O
to	O
changes	O
in	O
antigenicity	O
,	O
as	O
suggested	O
by	O
the	O
failure	O
of	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
vaccines	O
in	O
China	O
,	O
we	O
first	O
optimized	O
the	O
codons	O
of	O
typical	O
S	O
genes	O
of	O
the	O
CV777	O
vaccine	O
strain	O
(	O
G1	O
subtype	O
)	O
and	O
LNCT2	O
strain	O
(	O
G2	O
subtype	O
)	O
and	O
expressed	B-PROC
the	O
recombinant	O
full	O
-	O
length	O
sequence	O
of	O
the	O
S	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
in	O
a	O
eukaryotic	O
expression	B-PROC
system	O
.	O

The	O
IgG	B-COMP
antibody	I-COMP
levels	O
of	O
serum	B-COMP
from	O
mice	B-SPEC
immunized	O
with	O
purified	O
S	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
were	O
markedly	O
high	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Middle	O
East	O
Respiratory	O
Syndrome	B-DISO
(	O
MERS	B-DISO
)	O
is	O
a	O
viral	O
respiratory	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
of	O
serious	O
consequences	O
caused	O
by	O
MERS	B-DISO
Coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
A	O
general	O
strategy	O
to	O
inhibiting	O
viral	O
-	O
1	O
frameshifting	O
based	O
on	O
upstream	O
attenuation	O
duplex	O
formation	B-PROC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Viral	O
-	O
1	O
programmed	O
ribosomal	B-PROC
frameshifting	I-PROC
(	O
PRF	B-PROC
)	O
as	O
a	O
potential	O
antiviral	B-CHED
target	O
has	O
attracted	O
interest	O
because	O
many	O
human	B-SPEC
viral	O
pathogens	O
,	O
including	O
human	B-DISO
immunodeficiency	I-DISO
virus	I-DISO
(	O
HIV	B-DISO
)	O
and	O
coronaviruses	O
,	O
rely	O
on	O
-	O
1	O
PRF	B-PROC
for	O
optimal	O
propagation	O
.	O

Changes	O
in	O
various	O
hemodynamic	B-PROC
parameters	O
after	O
SAH	B-CHED
were	O
analyzed	O
statistically	O
.	O

Measurement	O
of	O
the	O
extravascular	O
lung	B-ANAT
water	B-CHED
index	O
,	O
cardiac	B-ANAT
index	O
,	O
and	O
PVPI	O
by	O
PiCCO	O
-	O
plus	O
monitoring	O
is	O
useful	O
for	O
identifying	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
edema	I-DISO
in	O
patients	O
with	O
SAH	B-CHED
.	O

The	O
observed	O
clinical	O
improvement	O
may	O
partially	O
be	O
due	O
to	O
the	O
anti	O
-	O
inflammatory	O
effects	O
of	O
PBMC	O
/	O
EPO	B-PRGE
to	O
promote	O
tissue	B-PROC
regeneration	I-PROC
.	O

However	O
,	O
a	O
complete	O
genomic	O
sequence	O
analysis	O
showed	O
that	O
ck	O
/	O
CH	O
/	O
LGX	O
/	O
130530	O
was	O
more	O
closely	O
related	O
to	O
a	O
Massachusetts	O
type	O
strain	O
(	O
95	O
%	O
similarity	O
to	O
strain	O
H120	O
)	O
than	O
to	O
the	O
tl	O
/	O
CH	O
/	O
LDT3	O
/	O
03	O
strain	O
(	O
86	O
%),	O
suggesting	O
that	O
recombination	B-PROC
might	O
have	O
occurred	O
during	O
the	O
origin	O
of	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
generation	O
of	O
computational	O
models	O
is	O
an	O
alternative	O
route	O
to	O
obtain	O
reliable	O
structures	O
for	O
the	O
oligomeric	O
state	O
of	O
membrane	O
proteins	B-CHED
.	O

In	O
the	O
CP	O
collection	O
phase	O
,	O
potential	O
donors	O
will	O
be	O
tested	O
by	O
the	O
enzyme	O
linked	O
immunosorbent	O
assay	O
(	O
ELISA	O
)	O
and	O
the	O
indirect	O
fluorescent	O
antibody	B-COMP
(	O
IFA	O
)	O
techniques	O
for	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
anti	O
-	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
antibodies	B-COMP
.	O

Subjects	O
with	O
anti	O
-	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
IFA	O
titer	O
of	O
≥	O
1	O
:	O
160	O
and	O
no	O
clinical	O
or	O
laboratory	O
evidence	O
of	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
infection	B-DISO
will	O
be	O
screened	O
for	O
eligibility	O
for	O
plasma	B-ANAT
donation	O
according	O
to	O
standard	O
donation	O
criteria	O
.	O

Post	O
enrollment	O
,	O
patients	O
will	O
be	O
followed	O
for	O
clinical	O
and	O
laboratory	O
outcomes	O
that	O
include	O
anti	O
-	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
antibodies	B-COMP
and	O
viral	O
load	O
.	O

We	O
found	O
that	O
intravenous	O
LPS	B-DISO
induced	O
a	O
significant	O
increase	O
in	O
the	O
activity	O
of	O
lung	O
xanthine	B-PRGE
oxidoreductase	I-PRGE
(	O
XOR	B-PRGE
),	O
an	O
enzyme	O
which	O
is	O
a	O
major	O
source	O
of	O
reactive	B-CHED
oxygen	I-CHED
species	I-CHED
and	O
implicated	O
in	O
the	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
of	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
.	O

These	O
results	O
support	O
the	O
testing	O
of	O
imatinib	B-CHED
as	O
a	O
novel	O
pharmacologic	O
agent	O
in	O
the	O
treatment	O
of	O
Gram	O
-	O
negative	O
sepsis	B-DISO
and	O
sepsis	B-DISO
-	O
induced	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Altered	O
Lipid	B-CHED
Composition	O
of	O
Surfactant	B-CHED
and	O
Lung	B-ANAT
Tissue	I-ANAT
in	O
Murine	B-SPEC
Experimental	O
Malaria	B-PATH
-	O
Associated	O
Acute	O
Respiratory	O
Distress	O
Syndrome	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
little	O
is	O
known	O
about	O
their	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
high	O
levels	O
of	O
polyunsaturated	B-CHED
fatty	I-CHED
acids	I-CHED
and	O
the	O
linoleic	O
/	O
oleic	O
fatty	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
ratio	O
of	O
the	O
latter	O
reflect	O
the	O
fatty	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
composition	O
of	O
plasma	B-ANAT
cholesterol	B-CHED
esters	I-CHED
.	O

In	O
spite	O
of	O
the	O
increased	O
total	O
polyunsaturated	B-CHED
fatty	I-CHED
acid	I-CHED
pool	O
,	O
which	O
augments	O
the	O
relative	O
oxidability	O
of	O
the	O
lung	B-ANAT
membranes	B-ANAT
,	O
and	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
hemozoin	O
,	O
a	O
known	O
pro	B-CHED
-	O
oxidant	B-CHED
,	O
no	O
excess	O
oxidative	B-DISO
stress	I-DISO
was	O
detected	O
in	O
the	O
lungs	B-ANAT
of	O
Plasmodium	B-SPEC
berghei	I-SPEC
NK65	O
infected	O
mice	B-SPEC
.	O

Recruitment	B-DISO
manoeuvres	O
were	O
repeated	O
every	O
two	O
hours	O
for	O
all	O
three	O
groups	O
.	O

Compared	O
with	O
those	O
in	O
pre	O
-	O
RM	O
,	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
compliance	O
,	O
oxygenation	B-PROC
index	O
(	O
ratio	O
of	O
partial	O
pressure	O
of	O
arterial	B-ANAT
oxygen	B-CHED
to	O
fraction	O
of	O
inspired	O
oxygen	B-CHED
[	O
PaO2	O
/	O
FiO2	O
])	O
and	O
EVLWI	O
remarkably	O
improved	O
in	O
RM1	O
,	O
RM2	O
,	O
RM3	O
and	O
4	O
hours	O
post	O
-	O
RRM	O
(	O
p	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
).	O

Repeated	O
recruitment	B-DISO
manoeuvres	O
during	O
lung	B-ANAT
-	O
protected	O
ventilation	O
can	O
improve	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
compliance	O
and	O
oxygenation	B-PROC
and	O
significantly	O
decrease	O
extravascular	O
lung	B-ANAT
water	B-CHED
in	O
ARDS	B-DISO
patients	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Influenza	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
IFV	B-SPEC
)	O
infection	B-DISO
is	O
a	O
common	O
cause	O
of	O
severe	O
viral	B-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
associated	O
with	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
),	O
which	O
is	O
difficult	O
to	O
control	O
with	O
general	O
immunosuppressive	O
therapy	O
including	O
corticosteroids	B-CHED
due	O
to	O
the	O
unfavorable	O
effect	O
on	O
viral	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
.	O

Studies	O
have	O
suggested	O
that	O
the	O
excessive	O
activation	O
of	O
the	O
innate	B-PROC
immunity	I-PROC
by	O
IFV	B-SPEC
is	O
responsible	O
for	O
severe	O
pathologies	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Development	B-PROC
an	O
effective	O
vaccine	O
against	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
is	O
urgent	O
and	O
limited	O
information	O
is	O
available	O
on	O
vaccination	O
in	O
nonhuman	O
primate	B-SPEC
(	O
NHP	O
)	O
model	O
.	O

Monkeys	B-SPEC
were	O
euthanized	O
3	O
days	O
after	O
challenge	O
and	O
multiple	O
specimens	O
from	O
tissues	O
were	O
collected	O
for	O
pathological	O
,	O
virological	O
and	O
immunological	O
tests	O
.	O

Furthermore	O
,	O
the	O
rRBD	O
vaccine	O
decreased	O
viral	O
load	O
of	O
lung	B-ANAT
,	O
trachea	B-DISO
and	O
oropharyngeal	B-ANAT
swabs	O
of	O
monkeys	B-SPEC
.	O

Spike	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
(	O
S1	O
)	O
amino	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
identities	O
between	O
IBV	B-SPEC
vaccine	O
and	O
challenge	O
strains	O
varied	O
from	O
76	O
.	O
0	O
%	O
to	O
77	O
.	O
3	O
%.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Dynamics	O
of	O
avian	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
circulation	B-PROC
in	O
commercial	O
and	O
non	O
-	O
commercial	O
birds	B-SPEC
in	O
Asia	O
--	O
a	O
review	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
is	O
a	O
novel	O
and	O
highly	O
pathogenic	O
human	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
and	O
has	O
quickly	O
spread	O
to	O
other	O
countries	O
in	O
the	O
Middle	O
East	O
,	O
Europe	O
,	O
North	O
Africa	O
and	O
Asia	O
since	O
2012	O
.	O

MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
ORF4b	O
inhibits	O
the	O
production	O
of	O
type	B-PRGE
I	I-PRGE
IFN	I-PRGE
through	O
a	O
direct	O
interaction	O
with	O
IKKε	O
/	O
TBK1	B-FUNC
in	O
the	O
cytoplasm	B-COMP
,	O
and	O
also	O
in	O
the	O
nucleus	B-COMP
with	O
unknown	O
mechanism	O
.	O

Plants	B-SPEC
have	O
the	O
potential	O
to	O
mass	O
-	O
produce	O
pharmaceutical	B-CHED
products	O
with	O
less	O
cost	O
than	O
traditional	O
methods	O
.	O

Topics	O
addressed	O
include	O
;	O
transformation	B-DISO
and	O
expression	B-PROC
systems	O
,	O
plant	B-SPEC
bioreactors	O
,	O
safety	O
concerns	O
,	O
and	O
various	O
opportunities	O
to	O
produce	O
topical	O
applications	O
and	O
health	O
supplements	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Novel	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
(	O
nCoV	O
)	O
belongs	O
to	O
the	O
Coronaviridae	B-SPEC
family	B-SPEC
,	O
which	O
includes	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
that	O
causes	O
SARS	B-DISO
,	O
or	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Comparison	O
of	O
a	O
New	O
Miniaturized	O
Extracorporeal	O
Membrane	B-COMP
Oxygenation	B-PROC
System	O
With	O
Integrated	O
Rotary	O
Blood	O
Pump	O
to	O
a	O
Standard	O
System	O
in	O
a	O
Porcine	B-SPEC
Model	O
of	O
Acute	O
Lung	B-ANAT
Injury	O
.	O

Pigs	B-SPEC
were	O
assigned	O
to	O
the	O
following	O
three	O
groups	O
:	O
group	O
1	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
4	O
):	O
control	O
group	O
with	O
conventional	O
ventilation	O
;	O
group	O
2	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
5	O
):	O
standard	O
vv	O
-	O
ECMO	O
;	O
group	O
3	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
5	O
):	O
vv	O
-	O
ILIAS	O
.	O

Mean	O
carbon	B-CHED
dioxide	I-CHED
transfer	O
was	O
comparable	O
between	O
the	O
conventional	O
ECMO	O
and	O
ILIAS	O
(	O
211	O
.	O
36	O
±	O
78	O
.	O
39	O
mL	O
/	O
min	O
vs	O
.	O
219	O
.	O
99	O
±	O
76	O
.	O
72	O
mL	O
/	O
min	O
,	O
P	O
=	O
n	O
.	O
s	O
.).	O

Coronavirus	B-SPEC
was	O
the	O
most	O
common	O
virus	B-SPEC
detected	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Costly	O
Lessons	O
From	O
the	O
2015	O
Middle	O
East	O
Respiratory	O
Syndrome	B-DISO
Coronavirus	B-SPEC
Outbreak	O
in	O
Korea	O
.	O

With	O
this	O
number	O
,	O
Korea	O
becomes	O
second	O
only	O
to	O
the	O
Kingdom	B-SPEC
of	O
Saudi	O
Arabia	O
in	O
the	O
ranking	O
of	O
cumulative	O
MERS	O
cases	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
A	O
New	O
Measure	O
for	O
Assessing	O
the	O
Public	O
Health	O
Response	O
to	O
a	O
Middle	O
East	O
Respiratory	O
Syndrome	B-DISO
Coronavirus	O
Outbreak	O
.	O

PEDV	B-SPEC
had	O
differing	O
impacts	O
for	O
subsectors	O
of	O
the	O
pork	O
industry	O
.	O

This	O
article	O
also	O
identifies	O
future	O
considerations	O
motivated	O
by	O
the	O
appearance	O
of	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
in	O
the	O
United	O
States	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
discussions	O
of	O
industry	O
-	O
wide	O
efficiency	O
and	O
competitive	O
advantage	O
,	O
the	O
future	O
role	O
of	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
vaccines	O
,	O
enhancement	O
in	O
biosecurity	O
measures	O
,	O
and	O
consumer	O
perceptions	O
of	O
food	O
safety	O
and	O
insecurity	O
.	O

Additionally	O
,	O
a	O
total	O
of	O
71	O
peptides	B-CHED
with	O
9	O
-	O
mer	O
core	O
sequence	O
were	O
identified	O
as	O
helper	B-ANAT
T	I-ANAT
-	I-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
epitopes	O
,	O
and	O
34	O
peptides	B-CHED
were	O
identified	O
as	O
CTL	B-ANAT
epitopes	O
.	O

In	O
this	O
prospective	O
observational	O
study	O
,	O
we	O
included	O
all	O
consecutive	O
adults	O
,	O
over	O
a	O
3	O
-	O
year	O
period	O
,	O
who	O
fulfilled	O
criteria	O
for	O
ARDS	B-DISO
by	O
the	O
Berlin	O
definition	O
.	O

Acute	O
Physiology	O
and	O
Chronic	O
Health	O
Evaluation	O
II	O
score	O
,	O
shock	O
,	O
low	O
PaO2	O
/	O
FIO2	O
,	O
and	O
ARDS	B-DISO
severity	O
are	O
associated	O
with	O
increased	O
mortality	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Effect	O
of	O
extracorporeal	O
CO2	B-CHED
removal	O
on	O
right	O
ventricular	B-ANAT
and	O
hemodynamic	B-PROC
parameters	O
in	O
a	O
patient	O
with	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
distress	O
syndrome	O
.	O

High	O
ventilatory	O
pressures	O
were	O
needed	O
because	O
of	O
hypoxia	B-DISO
and	O
severe	O
hypercapnia	B-DISO
with	O
respiratory	B-DISO
acidosis	I-DISO
,	O
resulting	O
in	O
right	B-DISO
ventricular	I-DISO
dysfunction	I-DISO
with	O
impaired	B-DISO
haemodynamic	O
stability	O
.	O

Besides	O
providing	O
adequate	O
gas	B-ENZY
exchange	O
,	O
extracorporeal	O
assist	O
devices	O
may	O
be	O
helpful	O
in	O
ameliorating	O
right	O
ventricular	O
dysfunction	O
during	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Current	O
incidence	O
and	O
outcome	O
of	O
the	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

Also	O
,	O
we	O
have	O
reviewed	O
the	O
data	O
on	O
survival	O
reported	O
in	O
observational	O
and	O
randomized	O
controlled	O
trials	O
,	O
discussed	O
how	O
the	O
current	O
ARDS	B-DISO
definition	O
modifies	O
the	O
true	O
incidence	O
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
briefly	O
mentioned	O
recent	O
approaches	O
that	O
appear	O
to	O
improve	O
ARDS	B-DISO
outcome	O
.	O

Here	O
we	O
show	O
in	O
Chinese	O
macaques	B-SPEC
that	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
traversed	O
the	O
mucosa	B-ANAT
through	O
the	O
respiratory	B-ANAT
tract	I-ANAT
within	O
2	O
days	O
,	O
resulting	O
in	O
extensive	O
mucosal	B-ANAT
infiltration	B-DISO
by	O
T	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
,	O
MAC387	O
(+),	O
and	O
CD163	B-PRGE
(+)	O
monocytes	B-ANAT
/	O
macrophages	B-ANAT
followed	O
by	O
limited	O
viral	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
in	O
the	O
lung	B-ANAT
but	O
persistent	O
viral	B-DISO
shedding	I-DISO
into	O
the	O
upper	O
airway	B-ANAT
.	O

Besides	O
,	O
quite	O
a	O
few	O
nucleoside	B-CHED
anti	O
-	O
HCV	B-SPEC
agents	O
are	O
being	O
evaluated	O
in	O
clinical	O
trials	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Acute	B-DISO
cor	I-DISO
pulmonale	I-DISO
during	O
protective	O
ventilation	O
for	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
:	O
prevalence	O
,	O
predictors	O
,	O
and	O
clinical	O
impact	O
.	O

Independent	O
risk	O
factors	O
for	O
hospital	O
mortality	O
included	O
severe	O
ACP	B-DISO
along	O
with	O
male	O
gender	O
,	O
age	O
,	O
SAPS	B-PRGE
II	I-PRGE
,	O
shock	O
,	O
PaO2	O
/	O
FiO2	O
ratio	O
,	O
respiratory	O
rate	O
,	O
and	O
driving	O
pressure	O
,	O
while	O
prone	O
position	O
was	O
protective	O
.	O

We	O
propose	O
a	O
simple	O
clinical	O
risk	O
score	O
for	O
early	O
identification	O
of	O
ACP	B-DISO
that	O
could	O
trigger	O
specific	O
therapeutic	O
strategies	O
to	O
reduce	O
RV	O
afterload	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Crystal	B-ANAT
Structure	O
of	O
Feline	B-DISO
Infectious	I-DISO
Peritonitis	I-DISO
Virus	B-SPEC
Main	O
Protease	O
in	O
Complex	O
with	O
Synergetic	O
Dual	O
Inhibitors	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Porcine	O
epidemic	O
diarrhea	O
virus	O
(	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
)	O
is	O
an	O
enteropathogenic	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
causing	O
lethal	O
watery	B-DISO
diarrhea	I-DISO
in	O
piglets	O
.	O

Here	O
,	O
we	O
show	O
that	O
PEDV	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
encoded	I-PRGE
3C	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
like	I-PRGE
protease	I-PRGE
,	O
nsp5	B-PRGE
,	O
is	O
an	O
IFN	B-PRGE
antagonist	B-PROC
that	O
proteolytically	O
cleaves	O
the	O
nuclear	B-PRGE
transcription	I-PRGE
factor	I-PRGE
kappa	I-PRGE
B	I-PRGE
(	O
NF	O
-	O
κB	O
)	O
essential	O
modulator	O
(	O
NEMO	O
),	O
an	O
essential	O
adaptor	O
bridging	O
interferon	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
regulatory	I-PRGE
factor	I-PRGE
and	O
NF	O
-	O
κB	O
activation	O
.	O

These	O
data	O
show	O
that	O
PEDV	B-PRGE
nsp5	I-PRGE
disrupts	O
type	B-PRGE
I	I-PRGE
IFN	I-PRGE
signaling	B-PROC
by	O
cleaving	O
NEMO	O
.	O

During	O
coevolution	O
with	O
its	O
hosts	B-COMP
,	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
has	O
acquired	O
mechanisms	O
to	O
subvert	O
host	B-COMP
innate	B-DISO
immune	I-DISO
responses	I-DISO
for	O
its	O
survival	O
advantage	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Severe	O
Acute	B-DISO
Respiratory	I-DISO
Failure	I-DISO
due	O
to	O
Inhalation	B-PROC
of	O
Baby	O
Powder	O
and	O
Successfully	O
Treated	O
with	O
Venous	O
-	O
Venous	B-ANAT
Extracorporeal	O
Membrane	B-COMP
Oxygenation	B-PROC
.	O

The	O
crystal	B-ANAT
structure	O
of	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
Mpro	O
indicates	O
that	O
it	O
shares	O
a	O
similar	O
scaffold	O
to	O
that	O
of	O
other	O
coronaviral	O
Mpro	O
and	O
consists	O
of	O
chymotrypsin	B-PRGE
-	O
like	O
domains	O
I	O
and	O
II	O
and	O
a	O
helical	O
domain	O
III	O
of	O
five	O
helices	B-SPEC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Angiopoietin	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
(	O
Ang	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
)	O
is	O
a	O
key	O
mediator	O
of	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
vascular	B-PROC
permeability	I-PROC
.	O

HCT	O
patients	O
with	O
a	O
rising	O
Ang	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
had	O
70	O
%	O
mortality	O
compared	O
with	O
13	O
%	O
mortality	O
for	O
those	O
without	O
(	O
OR	O
16	O
.	O
3	O
,	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
1	O
.	O
3	O
-	O
197	O
.	O
8	O
,	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
028	O
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Computational	O
simulation	O
indicates	O
that	O
moderately	O
high	O
-	O
frequency	O
ventilation	O
can	O
allow	O
safe	O
reduction	O
of	O
tidal	O
volumes	O
and	O
airway	B-ANAT
pressures	O
in	O
ARDS	B-DISO
patients	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
severity	O
of	O
exacerbation	O
in	O
chronic	B-DISO
obstructive	I-DISO
pulmonary	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
(	O
COPD	B-DISO
)	O
due	O
to	O
the	O
overlap	O
of	O
obstructive	B-DISO
sleep	I-DISO
apnea	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
OSAS	B-DISO
)	O
is	O
not	O
known	O
.	O

They	O
were	O
evaluated	O
for	O
OSAS	B-DISO
with	O
full	O
polysomnography	O
after	O
the	O
exacerbation	O
subsided	O
and	O
analysed	O
depending	O
on	O
presence	O
or	O
absence	O
of	O
overlap	O
syndrome	O
.	O

Of	O
51	O
patients	O
,	O
13	O
had	O
OSAS	B-DISO
i	O
.	O
e	O
.	O
the	O
prevalence	O
of	O
overlap	O
in	O
AECOPD	O
was	O
25	O
.	O
5	O
%.	O

AECOPD	O
have	O
a	O
high	O
prevalence	O
of	O
OSAS	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
report	O
highlights	O
the	O
importance	O
of	O
early	O
diagnosis	O
and	O
aggressive	B-DISO
therapy	O
in	O
the	O
management	O
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
summarizes	O
the	O
published	O
literature	O
on	O
this	O
rarely	O
reported	O
complication	B-DISO
of	O
pediatric	O
DKA	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Evaluation	O
of	O
humoral	O
immune	B-PROC
status	I-PROC
in	O
porcine	B-SPEC
epidemic	I-SPEC
diarrhea	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
)	O
infected	O
sows	O
under	O
field	O
conditions	O
.	O

Currently	O
,	O
available	O
vaccines	O
are	O
not	O
completely	O
effective	O
and	O
feedback	O
methods	O
utilizing	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
infected	O
material	O
has	O
variable	O
success	O
in	O
preventing	O
reinfection	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
HEALTH	O
-	O
SCREENING	O
PROTOCOLS	O
FOR	O
VINACEOUS	O
AMAZONS	O
(	O
AMAZONA	B-SPEC
VINACEA	I-SPEC
)	O
IN	O
A	O
REINTRODUCTION	O
PROJECT	O
.	O

The	O
majority	O
of	O
samples	O
returned	O
negative	O
results	O
,	O
with	O
the	O
exception	O
of	O
two	O
individuals	O
that	O
tested	O
positive	O
for	O
C	O
.	O
psittaci	O
in	O
the	O
first	O
sampling	O
and	O
for	O
Ascaridia	B-SPEC
spp	B-ENZY
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Contact	O
tracing	O
the	O
first	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
case	O
in	O
the	O
Philippines	O
,	O
February	O
2015	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Although	O
feline	B-SPEC
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
FCoV	O
)	O
causes	O
feline	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
peritonitis	I-DISO
(	O
FIP	B-DISO
),	O
which	O
is	O
a	O
fatal	O
infectious	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
,	O
there	O
are	O
no	O
effective	O
therapeutic	O
medicines	O
or	O
vaccines	O
.	O

Here	O
we	O
demonstrated	O
that	O
genetic	O
silencing	O
or	O
knockout	O
of	O
Pin1	B-PRGE
resulted	O
in	O
decreased	O
FCoV	O
replication	O
in	O
vitro	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Vitamin	B-CHED
D	I-CHED
/	O
VDR	B-PRGE
signaling	B-PROC
attenuates	O
lipopolysaccharide	O
‑	O
induced	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
by	O
maintaining	O
the	O
integrity	O
of	O
the	O
pulmonary	O
epithelial	O
barrier	O
.	O

This	O
was	O
investigated	O
by	O
exposing	O
wild	O
‑	O
type	O
(	O
WT	O
)	O
and	O
VDR	B-PRGE
knockout	O
C57BL	O
/	O
6J	O
mice	B-SPEC
to	O
LPS	B-DISO
,	O
then	O
comparing	O
the	O
healthy	O
and	O
LPS	O
‑	O
treated	O
mice	B-SPEC
lungs	B-ANAT
and	O
bronchoalveolar	B-ANAT
lavage	I-ANAT
fluid	I-ANAT
(	O
BALF	O
).	O

More	O
specifically	O
,	O
lung	B-ANAT
histology	O
,	O
mRNA	B-CHED
levels	O
of	O
proinflammatory	O
cytokines	O
and	O
chemokines	O
,	O
and	O
protein	B-PROC
expression	B-PROC
levels	O
of	O
tight	B-COMP
junction	I-COMP
proteins	B-CHED
were	O
determined	O
.	O

Phylogenetic	O
analyses	O
demonstrate	O
that	O
the	O
viruses	B-SPEC
in	O
Nigeria	O
are	O
genetically	O
distinct	O
from	O
those	O
reported	O
in	O
the	O
Arabian	O
peninsula	O
.	O

GJs	O
play	O
a	O
major	O
role	O
in	O
the	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
of	O
infection	B-DISO
-	O
associated	O
inflammation	B-DISO
.	O

Mouse	B-DISO
hepatitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
MHV	B-SPEC
)	O
infection	B-DISO
-	O
induced	O
demyelination	B-DISO
is	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
best	O
-	O
studied	O
experimental	O
animal	B-SPEC
models	O
for	O
MS	O
.	O

After	O
infection	B-DISO
,	O
a	O
significant	O
amount	O
of	O
Cx43	B-PRGE
was	O
retained	O
in	O
endoplasmic	B-COMP
reticulum	I-COMP
/	O
endoplasmic	B-COMP
reticulum	I-COMP
Golgi	B-COMP
intermediate	O
complex	O
(	O
ER	O
/	O
ERGIC	B-COMP
)	O
and	O
GJ	O
plaque	B-DISO
formation	B-PROC
was	O
impaired	B-DISO
at	O
the	O
cell	B-COMP
surface	I-COMP
,	O
as	O
evidenced	O
by	O
a	O
reduction	O
of	O
the	O
Triton	B-CHED
X	I-CHED
-	I-CHED
100	I-CHED
insoluble	B-ANAT
fraction	I-ANAT
of	O
Cx43	B-PRGE
.	O

In	O
addition	O
,	O
results	O
show	O
that	O
MHV	B-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
impairs	O
Cx43	O
expression	B-PROC
in	O
addition	O
to	O
gap	B-COMP
junction	I-COMP
communication	O
in	O
primary	O
astrocytes	B-ANAT
.	O

After	O
infection	B-DISO
,	O
Cx43	O
did	O
not	O
traffic	O
normally	O
to	O
the	O
membrane	B-COMP
to	O
form	O
gap	B-COMP
junction	I-COMP
plaques	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
that	O
could	O
be	O
the	O
basis	O
of	O
reduced	O
functional	O
gap	B-COMP
junction	I-COMP
coupling	O
between	O
astrocytes	B-ANAT
.	O

This	O
may	O
provide	O
a	O
basis	O
for	O
understanding	O
how	O
structural	O
alterations	O
of	O
astrocytic	B-ANAT
gap	B-COMP
junctions	I-COMP
can	O
disrupt	O
gap	B-COMP
junction	I-COMP
communication	O
between	O
other	O
CNS	B-CHED
cells	B-COMP
in	O
altered	O
CNS	B-CHED
environments	O
due	O
to	O
infection	B-DISO
and	O
inflammation	B-DISO
.	O

More	O
specifically	O
,	O
alteration	O
of	O
Cx43	B-PRGE
may	O
be	O
the	O
basis	O
of	O
the	O
destabilization	O
of	O
Cx47	B-PRGE
in	O
oligodendrocytes	B-ANAT
seen	O
in	O
and	O
around	O
inflammatory	O
demyelinating	O
plaques	B-DISO
in	O
MS	O
patients	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
An	O
orthopoxvirus	B-SPEC
-	O
based	O
vaccine	O
reduces	O
virus	B-SPEC
excretion	B-PROC
after	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
infection	B-DISO
in	O
dromedary	B-SPEC
camels	O
.	O

The	O
viral	O
yields	O
in	O
(+)-	O
catechin	B-CHED
-	O
treated	O
cultures	O
were	O
reduced	O
by	O
almost	O
three	O
log10	O
units	O
.	O

Quantitative	O
real	O
-	O
time	O
PCR	O
analysis	O
of	O
the	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
genome	O
revealed	O
that	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
RNA	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
was	O
restricted	O
after	O
(+)-	O
catechin	B-CHED
treatment	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Biodegradable	O
DNA	O
Nanoparticles	B-CHED
that	O
Provide	O
Widespread	O
Gene	B-PROC
Delivery	I-PROC
in	O
the	O
Brain	B-ANAT
.	O

We	O
report	O
the	O
phylogenetic	O
relationship	O
of	O
swine	B-SPEC
enteric	O
coronaviruses	O
collected	O
in	O
Italy	O
during	O
2007	O
-	O
2014	O
and	O
identify	O
a	O
drastic	O
shift	O
in	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
strain	O
variability	O
and	O
a	O
new	O
swine	B-SPEC
enteric	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
generated	O
by	O
recombination	B-PROC
of	O
transmissible	O
gastroenteritis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
and	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
.	O

The	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
referred	O
to	O
as	O
PED	O
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
)	O
was	O
determined	O
to	O
be	O
the	O
etiologic	O
agent	O
of	O
this	O
disease	O
in	O
the	O
late	O
1970s	O
.	O

It	O
is	O
hoped	O
that	O
this	O
review	O
will	O
stimulate	O
further	O
basic	O
and	O
applied	O
studies	O
and	O
encourage	O
collaboration	O
among	O
producers	O
,	O
researchers	O
,	O
and	O
swine	B-SPEC
veterinarians	O
to	O
provide	O
answers	O
that	O
improve	O
our	O
understanding	O
of	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
and	O
PED	O
in	O
an	O
effort	B-PROC
to	O
eliminate	O
this	O
economically	O
significant	O
viral	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
,	O
which	O
emerged	O
or	O
re	O
-	O
emerged	O
worldwide	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Bat	B-SPEC
origin	O
of	O
human	B-SPEC
coronaviruses	O
.	O

Various	O
species	B-SPEC
of	O
horseshoe	B-SPEC
bats	I-SPEC
in	O
China	O
have	O
been	O
found	O
to	O
harbor	O
genetically	O
diverse	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
like	O
coronaviruses	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Coronaviruses	O
:	O
emerging	O
and	O
re	O
-	O
emerging	O
pathogens	O
in	O
humans	B-SPEC
and	O
animals	B-SPEC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
:	O
virus	B-SPEC
-	O
host	B-COMP
cell	I-COMP
interactions	O
and	O
implications	O
on	O
pathogenesis	O
.	O

Currently	O
,	O
the	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
of	O
human	B-SPEC
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
infection	B-DISO
remains	O
poorly	O
understood	O
.	O

Human	B-SPEC
respiratory	O
epithelial	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
are	O
highly	O
susceptible	O
to	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
and	O
can	O
support	O
productive	O
viral	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
CDC42	B-PRGE
Use	I-PRGE
in	O
Viral	O
Cell	B-COMP
Entry	O
Processes	O
by	O
RNA	O
Viruses	B-SPEC
.	O

Here	O
,	O
we	O
describe	O
the	O
current	O
literature	O
on	O
the	O
role	O
of	O
Cdc42	B-PRGE
in	O
human	B-DISO
immunodeficiency	I-DISO
virus	I-DISO
(	O
HIV	B-DISO
)-	O
1	O
cell	B-COMP
entry	O
,	O
which	O
represents	O
the	O
most	O
investigated	O
instance	O
of	O
Cdc42	B-PRGE
function	O
in	O
viral	O
cell	B-COMP
entry	O
processes	O
,	O
and	O
also	O
review	O
evidence	O
of	O
Cdc42	B-PRGE
use	O
in	O
other	O
RNA	O
virus	B-SPEC
cell	B-COMP
entries	O
,	O
demonstrating	O
prime	O
areas	O
for	O
more	O
extensive	O
research	O
using	O
similar	O
techniques	O
.	O

The	O
numerical	O
analysis	O
shows	O
that	O
the	O
reasons	O
of	O
the	O
outbreak	O
spread	O
quickly	O
are	O
lack	O
of	O
self	O
-	O
protection	O
sense	B-PROC
and	O
targeted	B-PROC
control	O
measures	O
.	O

Crystalline	O
lattices	O
of	O
polyomavirus	B-SPEC
-	O
like	O
particles	O
were	O
observed	O
in	O
the	O
patient	O
'	O
s	O
lung	B-ANAT
by	O
electron	O
microscopy	O
.	O

WUPyV	O
was	O
detected	O
in	O
the	O
lung	B-ANAT
and	O
other	O
tissues	B-ANAT
by	O
real	O
-	O
time	O
quantitative	O
PCR	O
and	O
identified	O
in	O
the	O
lung	B-ANAT
and	O
trachea	B-DISO
by	O
immunohistochemistry	O
.	O

We	O
will	O
also	O
present	O
our	O
latest	O
results	O
on	O
MERS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
N	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
and	O
its	O
potential	O
as	O
an	O
antiviral	B-CHED
drug	I-CHED
target	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
A	O
multicenter	O
retrospective	O
survey	O
of	O
poisoning	O
after	O
ingestion	O
of	O
herbicides	B-CHED
containing	O
glyphosate	B-CHED
potassium	B-CHED
salt	I-CHED
or	O
other	O
glyphosate	B-CHED
salts	B-CHED
in	O
Japan	O
.	O

Viral	O
RNA	O
was	O
amplified	O
from	O
acute	O
-	O
phase	O
serum	B-COMP
specimens	O
of	O
15	O
patients	O
,	O
and	O
full	O
spike	O
gene	O
-	O
coding	O
sequencing	O
was	O
obtained	O
from	O
10	O
patients	O
who	O
formed	O
a	O
discrete	O
cluster	O
;	O
sequences	O
from	O
specimens	O
of	O
9	O
patients	O
were	O
closely	O
related	O
.	O

Similar	O
gene	O
sequences	O
among	O
patients	O
unlinked	O
by	O
time	O
or	O
location	O
suggest	O
unrecognized	O
viral	B-PROC
transmission	I-PROC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Potential	O
Broad	O
Spectrum	O
Inhibitors	B-CHED
of	O
the	O
Coronavirus	B-SPEC
3CLpro	O
:	O
A	O
Virtual	O
Screening	O
and	O
Structure	O
-	O
Based	O
Drug	O
Design	O
Study	O
.	O

Treatment	O
of	O
G6PD	B-ENZY
-	O
knockdown	O
cells	B-COMP
with	O
siRNA	O
against	O
HSCARG	B-PRGE
enhanced	O
the	O
DNA	O
binding	O
activity	O
of	O
NF	O
-	O
κB	O
and	O
the	O
expression	B-PROC
of	O
TNF	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
α	I-PRGE
and	O
MX1	B-PRGE
,	O
but	O
suppressed	O
the	O
expression	B-PROC
of	O
viral	O
genes	O
;	O
however	O
,	O
the	O
overexpression	B-PROC
of	O
HSCARG	B-PRGE
inhibited	O
the	O
antiviral	B-PROC
response	I-PROC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
first	O
known	O
cases	O
of	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
(	O
MERS	O
),	O
associated	O
with	O
infection	B-DISO
by	O
a	O
novel	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
(	O
CoV	O
),	O
occurred	O
in	O
2012	O
in	O
Jordan	O
but	O
were	O
reported	O
retrospectively	O
.	O

Most	O
human	B-SPEC
cases	O
of	O
MERS	O
have	O
been	O
linked	O
to	O
lapses	O
in	O
infection	B-DISO
prevention	O
and	O
control	O
(	O
IPC	B-CHED
)	O
in	O
healthcare	O
settings	O
,	O
with	O
approximately	O
20	O
%	O
of	O
all	O
virus	B-SPEC
detections	O
reported	O
among	O
healthcare	O
workers	O
(	O
HCWs	O
)	O
and	O
higher	O
exposures	O
in	O
those	O
with	O
occupations	O
that	O
bring	O
them	O
into	O
close	O
contact	O
with	O
camels	B-SPEC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Antiviral	B-CHED
Indolosesquiterpenoid	O
Xiamycins	O
C	O
-	O
E	O
from	O
a	O
Halophilic	O
Actinomycete	B-SPEC
.	O

The	O
antiviral	O
activity	O
of	O
xiamycin	O
D	O
(	O
2	O
)	O
was	O
also	O
supported	O
by	O
both	O
Western	O
blotting	O
of	O
the	O
GP2	B-PRGE
spike	I-PRGE
and	O
GP6	B-PRGE
nucleocapsid	I-PRGE
protein	B-PROC
synthesis	I-PROC
of	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
In	O
April	O
2013	O
,	O
a	O
Porcine	B-SPEC
epidemic	I-SPEC
diarrhea	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
)	O
epidemic	O
began	O
in	O
the	O
United	O
States	O
.	O

Our	O
study	O
demonstrated	O
that	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
assays	O
functioned	O
well	O
to	O
detect	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
and	O
that	O
the	O
gN	O
assay	O
was	O
slightly	O
better	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Multi	O
-	O
Organ	B-ANAT
Damage	O
in	O
Human	B-PRGE
Dipeptidyl	I-PRGE
Peptidase	I-PRGE
4	I-PRGE
Transgenic	B-SPEC
Mice	I-SPEC
Infected	O
with	O
Middle	O
East	O
Respiratory	O
Syndrome	O
-	O
Coronavirus	B-SPEC
.	O

Importantly	O
,	O
the	O
mice	B-SPEC
exhibited	O
symptoms	O
of	O
paralysis	O
with	O
high	O
viral	O
burden	O
and	O
viral	O
positive	O
neurons	B-ANAT
on	O
day	O
9	O
.	O

Fourteen	O
subjects	O
,	O
including	O
3	O
health	O
-	O
care	O
workers	O
,	O
met	B-CHED
study	O
criteria	O
.	O

Declining	O
C	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
reactive	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
levels	O
correlated	O
with	O
clinical	O
improvement	O
despite	O
continued	O
positive	O
real	O
-	O
time	O
polymerase	O
chain	O
reaction	O
results	O
.	O

Those	O
who	O
survived	O
the	O
acute	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
and	O
its	O
complications	O
remained	O
well	O
after	O
1	O
y	O
in	O
our	O
study	O
.	O

The	O
role	O
of	O
ribavirin	B-CHED
and	O
interferon	B-PRGE
warrants	O
urgent	O
further	O
evaluation	O
.	O

Eleven	O
subjects	O
received	O
ribavirin	B-CHED
and	O
peginterferon	O
α	O
-	O
2a	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Detection	O
of	O
feline	B-PRGE
coronavirus	B-SPEC
spike	I-PRGE
gene	B-PROC
mutations	I-PROC
as	O
a	O
tool	O
to	O
diagnose	O
feline	B-SPEC
infectious	I-DISO
peritonitis	I-DISO
.	O

Results	O
Specificity	O
of	O
RT	O
-	O
nPCR	B-PRGE
was	O
100	O
%	O
in	O
all	O
materials	O
(	O
95	O
%	O
confidence	O
interval	O
[	O
CI	O
]	O
in	O
serum	B-COMP
/	O
plasma	B-ANAT
83	O
.	O
9	O
-	O
100	O
.	O
0	O
;	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
in	O
effusion	B-DISO
93	O
.	O
0	O
-	O
100	O
.	O
0	O
).	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
evaluate	O
the	O
lung	O
function	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
10	O
years	O
after	O
recovery	O
and	O
the	O
influencing	O
factors	O
.	O

Total	O
lung	B-PROC
volume	I-PROC
,	O
residual	O
capacity	O
,	O
vital	B-PROC
capacity	I-PROC
,	I-PROC
forced	I-PROC
vital	O
capacity	O
(	O
FVC	B-PROC
),	O
FEV1	O
,	O
FEV1	O
/	O
FVC	B-PROC
and	O
lung	B-ANAT
carbon	B-CHED
monoxide	I-CHED
diffusion	O
(	O
DLCO	O
)	O
were	O
measured	O
,	O
and	O
compared	O
with	O
the	O
values	O
obtained	O
immediately	O
after	O
recovery	O
in	O
2003	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
We	O
performed	O
this	O
study	O
to	O
quantify	O
resources	O
required	O
by	O
mechanically	O
ventilated	O
patients	O
with	O
hypoxemia	O
after	O
critical	O
care	O
transport	B-PROC
(	O
CCT	B-DISO
)	O
and	O
to	O
assess	O
short	O
-	O
term	O
clinical	O
outcomes	O
.	O

Upregulation	B-PROC
of	O
IL	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
17	I-PROC
resulted	O
in	O
increased	O
severity	O
of	O
ALI	O
as	O
evidenced	O
by	O
decreased	O
body	B-ANAT
weight	O
and	O
survival	O
rate	O
,	O
elevated	O
level	O
of	O
total	O
protein	B-CHED
and	O
albumin	B-PRGE
in	O
BAL	B-ENZY
fluid	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
more	O
apparent	O
histopathology	O
changes	O
of	O
lung	B-ANAT
.	O

Of	O
note	O
,	O
blockade	O
of	O
IL	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
17	I-PROC
effectively	O
inhibited	O
the	O
lung	O
inflammation	O
and	O
alleviated	O
ALI	O
severity	O
.	O

Laboratory	O
biosafety	O
preparedness	O
included	O
class	B-SPEC
II	O
biosafety	O
cabinets	O
(	O
100	O
%);	O
separated	O
pre	O
-	O
PCR	O
,	O
PCR	O
,	O
and	O
post	O
-	O
PCR	O
rooms	O
(	O
88	O
.	O
6	O
%);	O
negative	O
pressure	O
pretreatment	O
rooms	O
(	O
48	O
.	O
6	O
%);	O
and	O
negative	O
pressure	O
sputum	B-ANAT
collection	O
rooms	O
(	O
20	O
.	O
0	O
%).	O

Spatial	O
analysis	O
showed	O
that	O
PEDv	B-SPEC
was	O
clustered	O
rather	O
than	O
randomly	O
distributed	O
,	O
which	O
suggested	O
that	O
sites	O
near	O
a	O
positive	O
site	O
had	O
increased	O
risk	O
of	O
acquiring	O
PEDv	B-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
.	O

Meteorological	O
data	O
were	O
used	O
to	O
investigate	O
the	O
hypothesis	O
that	O
PEDv	B-SPEC
was	O
spread	O
by	O
air	B-CHED
.	O

Similar	O
comparative	O
assays	O
were	O
done	O
on	O
LLC	B-COMP
-	O
PK	O
and	O
ST	O
cells	B-COMP
inoculated	O
with	O
the	O
cell	B-COMP
-	O
adapted	O
PDCoV	O
strain	O
OH	O
-	O
FD22	O
-	O
P44	O
(	O
passage	O
44	O
)	O
in	O
cell	B-COMP
culture	O
medium	O
with	O
2	O
.	O
5	O
-	O
10	O
μg	O
/	O
ml	O
of	O
trypsin	B-PRGE
and	O
1	O
%	O
pancreatin	O
,	O
respectively	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Porcine	B-SPEC
epidemic	I-SPEC
diarrhea	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
introduction	O
into	O
the	O
United	O
States	O
:	O
Root	B-ANAT
cause	O
investigation	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Porcine	O
epidemic	B-DISO
diarrhea	I-DISO
(	O
PED	O
)	O
was	O
identified	O
in	O
the	O
United	O
States	O
in	O
the	O
spring	O
of	O
2013	O
,	O
and	O
professionals	O
from	O
many	O
parts	O
of	O
the	O
U	O
.	O
S	O
.	O
swine	B-SPEC
industry	O
responded	O
rapidly	O
to	O
understand	O
and	O
control	O
the	O
newly	O
emerging	O
disease	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Molecular	O
detection	O
of	O
bovine	B-SPEC
coronavirus	B-SPEC
in	O
a	O
diarrhea	B-DISO
outbreak	O
in	O
pasture	O
-	O
feeding	O
Nellore	O
steers	O
in	O
southern	O
Brazil	O
.	O

This	O
study	O
describes	O
the	O
molecular	O
detection	O
of	O
BCoV	O
in	O
a	O
diarrhea	B-DISO
outbreak	O
in	O
beef	O
cattle	B-SPEC
steers	O
(	O
Nellore	O
)	O
raised	O
on	O
pasture	O
in	O
Parana	O
,	O
southern	O
Brazil	O
.	O

The	O
BCoV	B-PRGE
N	I-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
was	O
identified	O
in	O
42	O
.	O
9	O
%	O
(	O
6	O
/	O
14	O
)	O
of	O
the	O
diarrheic	O
fecal	B-ANAT
samples	O
evaluated	O
by	O
semi	O
-	O
nested	O
polymerase	O
chain	O
reaction	O
(	O
SN	O
-	O
PCR	O
)	O
technique	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Renal	B-ANAT
Complications	O
and	O
Their	O
Prognosis	O
in	O
Korean	O
Patients	O
with	O
Middle	O
East	O
Respiratory	O
Syndrome	B-DISO
-	O
Coronavirus	B-SPEC
from	O
the	O
Central	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
Designated	O
Hospital	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Some	O
cases	O
of	O
Middle	O
East	O
Respiratory	O
Syndrome	B-DISO
-	O
Coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
infection	B-DISO
presented	O
renal	B-PROC
function	I-PROC
impairment	B-DISO
after	O
the	O
first	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
patient	O
died	B-PROC
of	O
progressive	O
respiratory	O
and	O
renal	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
.	O

Thus	O
,	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
may	O
include	O
kidney	B-ANAT
tropism	B-PROC
.	O

This	O
case	O
report	O
describes	O
the	O
first	O
detection	O
of	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
in	O
Austria	O
.	O

Reduced	O
feed	O
uptake	O
and	O
occasional	O
diarrhea	B-DISO
were	O
observed	O
in	O
December	O
2014	O
in	O
a	O
group	O
of	O
fattening	O
pigs	O
,	O
kept	O
on	O
an	O
Austrian	O
swine	B-SPEC
farm	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Between	O
May	O
20	O
and	O
July	O
13	O
,	O
2015	O
,	O
a	O
total	O
of	O
186	O
confirmed	O
MERS	O
cases	O
(	O
1	O
index	O
case	O
,	O
29	O
secondary	O
cases	O
,	O
125	O
third	O
generation	O
cases	O
,	O
25	O
fourth	O
generation	O
cases	O
and	O
6	O
cases	O
without	O
clear	O
generation	O
data	O
),	O
including	O
36	O
deaths	B-PROC
(	O
case	O
fatality	O
rate	O
:	O
19	O
%),	O
were	O
reported	O
in	O
Korea	O
.	O

These	O
results	O
serve	O
as	O
an	O
exhibition	O
for	O
the	O
existing	O
pipelines	O
and	O
web	B-DISO
-	O
based	O
interface	O
of	O
Pathosphere	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
the	O
plug	O
-	O
in	O
adaptability	O
that	O
allows	O
for	O
integration	B-PROC
of	O
newer	O
NGS	O
analytical	O
software	O
as	O
it	O
becomes	O
available	O
.	O

Meanwhile	O
,	O
the	O
patient	O
group	O
showed	O
decreased	O
FA	O
in	O
the	O
genu	B-ANAT
of	O
capsule	B-COMP
callosum	O
,	O
body	B-ANAT
of	O
capsule	B-COMP
callosum	O
,	O
and	O
bilateral	O
anterior	O
corona	B-CHED
radiate	O
(	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
,	O
family	B-SPEC
wise	O
error	O
[	O
FEW	O
]-	O
corrected	O
).	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Asthma	O
is	O
associated	O
with	O
poorer	O
outcomes	O
in	O
sickle	B-DISO
cell	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
(	O
SCD	B-DISO
).	O

Twenty	O
-	O
nine	O
of	O
forty	O
children	O
(	O
72	O
.	O
5	O
%)	O
had	O
a	O
positive	O
MCT	B-ENZY
.	O

Inflammatory	O
markers	O
did	O
not	O
correlate	O
with	O
AHR	B-PRGE
.	O

There	O
are	O
no	O
reports	O
on	O
molecular	O
characterization	O
of	O
bovine	B-SPEC
coronavirus	B-SPEC
in	O
Ireland	O
,	O
and	O
little	O
data	O
exists	O
apart	O
from	O
serological	O
studies	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Respiratory	B-DISO
Failure	I-DISO
in	O
a	O
Child	O
Due	O
to	O
Type	O
2	O
Postobstructive	O
Pulmonary	B-DISO
Edema	I-DISO
.	O

The	O
roles	O
of	O
diuretics	B-CHED
and	O
steroids	B-CHED
are	O
controversial	O
.	O

With	O
the	O
rise	O
of	O
ambulatory	O
surgery	O
,	O
pediatric	O
emergency	B-DISO
physicians	O
must	O
be	O
attuned	O
to	O
both	O
the	O
surgical	O
and	O
anesthetic	O
complications	O
that	O
occur	O
in	O
the	O
early	O
postoperative	O
period	O
.	O

To	O
elucidate	O
the	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
of	O
this	O
virus	B-SPEC
and	O
investigate	O
mechanisms	O
underlying	O
disease	O
severity	O
variation	O
in	O
the	O
absence	O
of	O
autopsy	O
data	O
,	O
a	O
rhesus	B-SPEC
macaque	I-SPEC
and	O
common	B-SPEC
marmoset	I-SPEC
model	O
of	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
disease	O
were	O
analyzed	O
.	O

Both	O
nonhuman	O
primate	B-SPEC
species	B-SPEC
exhibited	O
respiratory	O
clinical	O
signs	O
after	O
inoculation	O
,	O
which	O
were	O
more	O
severe	O
and	O
of	O
longer	O
duration	O
in	O
the	O
marmosets	B-SPEC
,	O
and	O
developed	O
bronchointerstitial	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
.	O

In	O
marmosets	B-SPEC
,	O
the	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
was	O
more	O
extensive	O
,	O
with	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
severe	O
airway	O
lesions	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Value	O
of	O
Autopsy	O
Emphasized	O
in	O
the	O
Case	O
Report	O
of	O
a	O
Single	O
Patient	O
with	O
Middle	O
East	O
Respiratory	O
Syndrome	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
best	O
method	O
of	O
preventing	O
future	O
outbreaks	O
is	O
to	O
overcome	O
the	O
vulnerabilities	O
observed	O
in	O
this	O
outbreak	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
ward	O
crowding	O
,	O
patient	O
migration	B-PROC
without	O
appropriate	O
data	O
sharing	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
lack	O
of	O
an	O
initial	O
broad	O
quarantine	O
.	O

The	O
other	O
atypical	O
manifestations	O
present	O
were	O
portal	B-DISO
hypertension	I-DISO
,	O
acalculous	B-DISO
cholecystitis	I-DISO
,	O
appendicitis	B-DISO
,	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
),	O
myocarditis	B-DISO
,	O
pericardial	B-DISO
effusion	I-DISO
,	O
paroxysmal	B-DISO
supraventricular	I-DISO
tachycardia	I-DISO
(	O
PSVT	B-DISO
),	O
myositis	B-DISO
,	O
acute	O
kidney	B-ANAT
injury	O
(	O
AKI	O
),	O
hemophagocytic	B-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
and	O
disseminated	O
intravascular	O
coagulopathy	B-DISO
(	O
DIC	B-DISO
).	O

In	O
this	O
report	O
,	O
we	O
examined	O
the	O
potential	O
immunomodulatory	O
effects	O
of	O
two	O
indirubin	O
derivatives	O
,	O
indirubin	O
-	O
3	O
'-(	O
2	O
,	O
3	O
-	O
dihydroxypropyl	O
)-	O
oximether	O
(	O
E804	O
)	O
and	O
indirubin	O
-	O
3	O
'-	O
oxime	B-CHED
(	O
E231	O
),	O
on	O
IAV	O
(	O
H9N2	O
)	O
infected	O
-	O
human	B-SPEC
pulmonary	B-ANAT
microvascular	O
endothelial	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
(	O
HPMECs	O
).	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
causes	O
severe	O
cases	O
of	O
human	B-SPEC
respiratory	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
.	O

Such	O
an	O
introduction	O
through	O
travelling	O
led	O
to	O
the	O
emergence	O
of	O
a	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
outbreak	O
in	O
Korea	O
in	O
May	O
2015	O
,	O
which	O
caused	O
more	O
than	O
140	O
confirmed	O
human	B-SPEC
cases	O
in	O
less	O
than	O
a	O
month	O
.	O

The	O
conjugation	B-PROC
of	O
double	O
strand	O
probes	O
onto	O
polymeric	O
microgels	O
allows	O
for	O
a	O
sensitive	O
detection	O
of	O
DNA	O
sequences	O
from	O
HIV	B-DISO
,	O
HCV	B-SPEC
and	O
SARS	B-DISO
corona	B-CHED
viruses	B-SPEC
with	O
a	O
LOD	B-PRGE
of	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
.	I-PRGE
4	I-PRGE
fM	I-PRGE
,	I-PRGE
3	I-PRGE
.	I-PRGE
7	I-PRGE
fM	I-PRGE
and	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
.	I-PRGE
4	I-PRGE
fM	I-PRGE
,	O
respectively	O
,	O
and	O
with	O
a	O
dynamic	O
range	O
of	O
10	O
(-	O
9	O
)-	O
10	O
(-	O
15	O
)	O
M	O
.	O
Such	O
combination	O
enhances	O
the	O
sensitivity	O
of	O
the	O
detection	O
of	O
almost	O
five	O
orders	O
of	O
magnitude	O
when	O
compared	O
to	O
the	O
only	O
probe	O
.	O

PDE	B-DISO
activity	O
is	O
required	O
for	O
robust	O
replication	O
in	O
myeloid	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
,	O
as	O
a	O
mutant	B-DISO
of	O
MHV	B-SPEC
(	O
ns2	B-DISO
(	O
H126R	O
))	O
encoding	O
an	O
inactive	O
PDE	B-DISO
fails	O
to	O
antagonize	O
RNase	B-PRGE
L	I-PRGE
activation	O
and	O
replicates	O
poorly	O
in	O
bone	B-ANAT
marrow	I-ANAT
-	I-ANAT
derived	I-ANAT
macrophages	I-ANAT
(	O
BMM	B-ANAT
),	O
while	O
ns2	B-DISO
(	O
H126R	O
)	O
replicates	O
to	O
high	O
titer	O
in	O
several	O
types	O
of	O
nonmyeloid	O
cells	B-COMP
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
in	O
IFN	B-PRGE
receptor	I-PRGE
-	O
deficient	O
(	O
Ifnar1	O
(-/-))	O
BMM	B-ANAT
.	O

Here	O
,	O
we	O
investigated	O
the	O
contributions	O
of	O
Oas	B-PRGE
gene	B-PROC
expression	I-PROC
,	O
basal	O
IFN	B-PRGE
signaling	B-PROC
,	O
and	O
virus	B-SPEC
-	O
induced	O
IFN	B-PRGE
to	O
RNase	B-PRGE
L	I-PRGE
activation	O
.	O

Our	O
data	O
further	O
suggest	O
that	O
myeloid	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
may	O
serve	O
as	O
sentinels	O
to	O
restrict	O
viral	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
,	O
thus	O
protecting	O
other	O
cell	B-COMP
types	O
from	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Severe	O
rhinovirus	B-SPEC
pneumonia	B-DISO
in	O
a	O
young	O
woman	O
taking	O
performance	O
-	O
enhancing	O
drugs	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
A	O
22	O
-	O
year	O
-	O
old	O
woman	O
presented	O
to	O
the	O
emergency	O
room	O
of	O
a	O
local	O
hospital	O
with	O
pleuritic	B-DISO
chest	I-DISO
pain	I-DISO
.	O

Clinical	B-DISO
findings	I-DISO
and	O
further	O
diagnostic	O
work	O
up	O
revealed	O
a	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
perimyocarditis	O
,	O
and	O
adequate	O
therapy	O
was	O
initiated	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
newly	O
emerging	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
encodes	O
the	O
conserved	O
macro	O
domain	O
within	O
non	O
-	O
structural	O
protein	B-CHED
3	O
.	O

Furthermore	O
,	O
the	O
crystal	B-ANAT
structure	O
of	O
the	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
macro	O
domain	O
was	O
determined	O
at	O
1	O
.	O
43	O
-	O
Å	O
resolution	O
in	O
complex	O
with	O
ADP	B-CHED
-	O
ribose	B-CHED
.	O

Furthermore	O
,	O
81	O
%	O
of	O
case	O
dogs	B-SPEC
tested	O
positive	O
for	O
Mycoplasma	B-SPEC
cynos	I-SPEC
,	O
compared	O
with	O
73	O
%	O
of	O
control	O
dogs	B-SPEC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Porcine	B-SPEC
epidemic	B-DISO
diarrhea	I-DISO
virus	I-SPEC
was	O
first	O
diagnosed	O
in	O
Ontario	O
in	O
January	O
of	O
2014	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Viruses	B-SPEC
detected	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
infections	I-DISO
may	O
be	O
the	O
cause	O
of	O
illness	O
or	O
asymptomatic	O
shedding	O
.	O

Influenza	B-DISO
,	O
RSV	B-SPEC
and	O
hMPV	B-SPEC
can	O
be	O
considered	O
pathogens	O
if	O
detected	O
in	O
ILI	O
and	O
SARI	O
while	O
rhinovirus	B-SPEC
and	O
adenovirus	B-DISO
were	O
commonly	O
identified	O
in	O
controls	O
suggesting	O
that	O
they	O
may	O
cause	O
only	O
a	O
proportion	O
of	O
clinical	O
disease	O
observed	O
in	O
positive	O
patients	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
We	O
enrolled	O
1959	O
SARI	O
,	O
3784	O
ILI	O
and	O
1793	O
controls	O
with	O
a	O
HIV	B-DISO
sero	O
-	O
prevalence	O
of	O
26	O
%,	O
30	O
%	O
and	O
43	O
%,	O
respectively	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
Korea	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
was	O
first	O
confirmed	O
on	O
May	O
20	O
,	O
2015	O
,	O
with	O
a	O
subsequent	O
outbreak	O
in	O
South	O
Korea	O
.	O

All	O
the	O
patients	O
had	O
fever	B-PROC
,	O
myalgia	B-DISO
,	O
leucopenia	B-DISO
,	O
normal	O
procalcitonin	O
level	O
,	O
and	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
.	O

Therefore	O
,	O
in	O
cases	O
of	O
lower	O
-	O
lobe	B-ANAT
pneumonia	B-DISO
that	O
occur	O
during	O
an	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
outbreak	O
and	O
are	O
unesponsive	O
to	O
antibiotics	B-CHED
,	O
clinicians	O
should	O
consider	O
the	O
possibility	O
of	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

We	O
also	O
demonstrated	O
translocation	B-DISO
of	O
a	O
protein	B-CHED
from	O
the	O
airspaces	O
into	O
plasma	B-ANAT
(	O
RAGE	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
receptor	I-PRGE
for	O
advanced	O
glycation	O
end	O
products	O
).	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Groups	O
of	O
one	O
-	O
day	O
-	O
old	O
broiler	O
chicks	O
were	O
vaccinated	O
via	O
the	O
oculo	O
-	O
nasal	B-ANAT
route	O
with	O
different	O
live	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
IBV	B-SPEC
)	O
vaccines	O
:	O
Massachusetts	O
(	O
Mass	O
),	O
793B	O
,	O
D274	O
or	O
Arkansas	O
(	O
Ark	O
).	O

Five	O
chicks	O
from	O
each	O
group	O
were	O
humanely	O
killed	O
at	O
intervals	O
and	O
their	O
tracheas	B-ANAT
collected	O
for	O
ciliary	O
activity	O
assessment	O
and	O
for	O
the	O
detection	O
of	O
CD4	B-PRGE
+,	I-PRGE
CD8	B-PRGE
+	I-PRGE
and	O
IgA	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
bearing	I-PRGE
B	I-PRGE
cells	O
by	O
immunohistochemistry	O
(	O
IHC	O
).	O

Blood	B-ANAT
samples	I-ANAT
were	O
collected	O
at	O
intervals	O
for	O
the	O
detection	O
of	O
anti	O
-	O
IBV	B-SPEC
antibodies	B-COMP
.	O

It	O
was	O
identified	O
as	O
a	O
recombinant	O
strain	O
using	O
phylogenetic	O
analysis	O
and	O
recombination	B-PROC
detection	O
program	O
.	O

Our	O
findings	O
provide	O
valuable	O
information	O
on	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
evolution	B-PROC
and	O
underscore	O
the	O
need	O
for	O
ongoing	O
surveillance	O
of	O
this	O
economically	O
important	O
swine	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
.	O

The	O
purpose	O
of	O
this	O
study	O
was	O
to	O
test	O
the	O
hypothesis	O
that	O
abdominal	B-ANAT
muscle	I-ANAT
activity	O
during	O
mechanically	O
ventilation	O
increases	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
in	O
severe	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Mortality	O
in	O
Acute	B-DISO
Respiratory	I-DISO
Distress	I-DISO
Syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
is	O
decreasing	O
,	O
although	O
its	O
prognosis	O
after	O
hospital	O
discharge	B-ANAT
and	O
the	O
prognostic	O
accuracy	O
of	O
Berlin	O
'	O
s	O
new	O
ARDS	B-DISO
stratification	O
are	O
uncertain	O
.	O

ARDS	B-DISO
was	O
defined	O
by	O
PaO2	O
/	O
FiO2	O
lower	O
than	O
200	O
mmHg	O
under	O
ventilation	O
with	O
at	O
least	O
10	O
cm	O
H2O	B-CHED
of	O
PEEP	B-CHED
and	O
a	O
FiO2	O
higher	O
or	O
equal	O
than	O
0	O
.	O
5	O
.	O

There	O
was	O
no	O
increase	O
in	O
mortality	O
after	O
hospital	O
discharge	B-ANAT
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
In	O
this	O
cohort	O
,	O
including	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
hypoxemia	O
and	O
high	O
percentage	O
of	O
mayor	O
co	O
-	O
morbidities	O
,	O
ARDS	B-DISO
associated	O
mortality	O
was	O
lower	O
than	O
some	O
previous	O
studies	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Epidemiology	O
of	O
human	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
NL63	I-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
among	O
hospitalized	O
patients	O
with	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
in	O
Taiwan	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
NL63	I-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
was	O
identified	O
in	O
8	O
.	O
4	O
%	O
(	O
9	O
/	O
107	O
)	O
of	O
hospitalized	O
patients	O
with	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
,	O
but	O
not	O
found	O
in	O
outpatients	O
with	O
influenza	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
like	I-DISO
illness	I-DISO
.	O

These	O
data	O
are	O
valuable	O
for	O
veterinarians	O
in	O
advising	O
clients	O
on	O
the	O
anticipated	O
impact	O
and	O
time	O
to	O
re	O
-	O
achieve	O
a	O
stable	O
state	O
with	O
regards	O
to	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Adult	O
venovenous	O
extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenation	B-PROC
for	O
severe	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
:	O
Current	O
status	O
and	O
future	O
perspectives	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Incidence	O
,	O
risk	O
factors	O
and	O
outcome	O
of	O
acute	O
kidney	B-ANAT
injury	O
in	O
critically	B-DISO
ill	I-DISO
children	O
-	O
a	O
developing	O
country	O
perspective	O
.	O

The	O
RIFLE	O
criterion	O
is	O
an	O
effective	O
tool	O
which	O
can	O
be	O
used	O
not	O
only	O
for	O
predicting	O
the	O
outcomes	O
,	O
but	O
may	O
help	O
in	O
the	O
early	O
identification	O
of	O
patients	O
at	O
risk	O
for	O
AKI	B-PRGE
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
A	O
high	O
incidence	O
of	O
AKI	B-PRGE
was	O
noted	O
in	O
the	O
PICU	B-SPEC
that	O
was	O
associated	O
with	O
high	O
mortality	O
.	O

Thus	O
,	O
the	O
indiscriminate	O
use	O
of	O
antibiotic	B-CHED
and	O
anthelminthic	B-CHED
medication	O
should	O
be	O
re	O
-	O
evaluated	O
.	O

Systematic	O
measurements	O
with	O
the	O
THP	B-CHED
-	O
1	O
cell	B-ANAT
line	I-ANAT
allowed	O
for	O
the	O
establishment	O
of	O
a	O
strong	O
correlation	O
between	O
stiffening	O
and	O
the	O
severity	O
of	O
respiratory	O
status	O
(	O
mean	O
ET	O
0	O
.	O
82	O
±	O
0	O
.	O
08	O
seconds	O
for	O
healthy	O
subjects	O
,	O
1	O
.	O
6	O
±	O
1	O
.	O
0	O
seconds	O
for	O
ACPE	O
groups	O
,	O
10	O
.	O
5	O
±	O
6	O
.	O
1	O
seconds	O
for	O
mild	O
ARDS	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
20	O
.	O
0	O
±	O
8	O
.	O
1	O
seconds	O
for	O
moderate	O
to	O
severe	O
ARDS	B-DISO
;	O
p	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
).	O

The	O
leukocyte	B-ANAT
stiffening	O
induced	O
by	O
cytokines	O
in	O
the	O
sera	B-COMP
of	O
patients	O
might	O
play	O
a	O
role	O
in	O
the	O
sequestration	O
of	O
leukocytes	B-ANAT
in	O
the	O
lung	B-ANAT
capillary	B-ANAT
beds	O
during	O
early	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Rapid	O
and	O
strong	O
stiffening	O
of	O
primary	O
neutrophils	B-ANAT
and	O
monocytes	B-ANAT
was	O
induced	O
within	O
30	O
minutes	O
(	O
mean	O
ET	O
>	O
50	O
seconds	O
)	O
by	O
sera	B-COMP
from	O
the	O
ARDS	B-DISO
group	O
compared	O
with	O
both	O
the	O
healthy	O
subjects	O
and	O
the	O
ACPE	O
groups	O
(	O
mean	O
ET	O
<	O
1	O
second	O
)	O
(	O
p	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
).	O

These	O
findings	O
provide	O
insight	O
into	O
the	O
structural	O
basis	O
for	O
2	O
-	O
5A	O
binding	O
of	O
MHV	B-PRGE
ns2	B-DISO
.	O

(	O
4	O
)	O
Positive	O
rates	O
of	O
HCoVs	O
infection	B-DISO
in	O
<	O
1	O
year	O
group	O
,	O
1	O
-	O
3	O
years	O
group	O
,	O
3	O
-	O
6	O
years	O
group	O
and	O
≥	O
6	O
years	O
group	O
were	O
4	O
.	O
13	O
%,	O
5	O
.	O
08	O
%,	O
2	O
.	O
71	O
%	O
and	O
1	O
.	O
23	O
%,	O
respectively	O
.	O

The	O
clinical	O
manifestations	O
and	O
severity	O
of	O
ALRTI	O
caused	O
by	O
single	O
HCoVs	O
was	O
comparable	O
to	O
that	O
of	O
ALRTI	O
with	O
single	O
RSV	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
in	O
children	O
.	O

In	O
rare	O
situations	O
,	O
severe	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
injury	O
can	O
develop	O
.	O

The	O
risk	O
factors	O
for	O
severe	O
disease	O
were	O
age	O
<	O
2	O
years	O
,	O
underlying	O
bronchial	B-DISO
asthma	B-PATH
and	O
chronic	B-DISO
lung	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
.	O

The	O
three	O
patients	O
who	O
died	B-PROC
had	O
a	O
comorbid	O
medical	O
condition	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
57	O
CCoV	O
strains	O
exhibited	O
high	O
co	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
rates	O
with	O
canine	O
kobuvirus	O
(	O
CaKV	O
)	O
(	O
33	O
.	O
33	O
%)	O
and	O
canine	O
parvovirus	B-DISO
-	O
2	O
(	O
CPV	B-SPEC
-	O
2	O
)	O
(	O
31	O
.	O
58	O
%).	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
truncated	O
spike	O
protein	B-CHED
(	O
S1	O
,	O
390	O
-	O
789aa	O
)	O
of	O
porcine	B-SPEC
epidemic	I-SPEC
diarrhea	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
was	O
expressed	B-PROC
as	O
a	O
recombinant	O
protein	B-CHED
in	O
Baculorvirus	O
expression	B-PROC
system	O
.	O

Inducible	O
expression	B-PROC
of	O
CNS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
derived	I-PRGE
CXCL1	I-PRGE
resulted	O
in	O
increased	O
levels	O
of	O
CXCL1	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
within	O
the	O
serum	B-COMP
,	O
brain	B-ANAT
,	O
and	O
spinal	B-ANAT
cord	I-ANAT
that	O
correlated	O
with	O
increased	O
frequency	O
of	O
Ly6G	B-PRGE
(+)	I-PRGE
CD11b	I-PRGE
(+)	I-PRGE
neutrophils	B-ANAT
present	O
within	O
the	O
CNS	B-CHED
.	O

Elevated	O
levels	O
of	O
CXCL1	B-PRGE
did	O
not	O
influence	O
the	O
generation	O
of	O
virus	B-SPEC
-	O
specific	O
T	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
,	O
and	O
there	O
was	O
no	O
difference	O
in	O
control	O
of	O
JHMV	O
replication	O
compared	O
with	O
control	O
mice	O
,	O
indicating	O
that	O
T	B-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
infiltration	B-DISO
into	O
the	O
CNS	B-CHED
is	O
CXCL1	O
-	O
independent	O
.	O

Sustained	O
CXCL1	B-PRGE
expression	B-PROC
within	O
the	O
CNS	B-CHED
resulted	O
in	O
increased	O
mortality	O
that	O
correlated	O
with	O
elevated	O
neutrophil	B-ANAT
infiltration	B-DISO
,	O
diminished	O
numbers	O
of	O
mature	O
oligodendrocytes	B-ANAT
,	O
and	O
an	O
increase	O
in	O
the	O
severity	O
of	O
demyelination	B-DISO
.	O

Naso	B-SPEC
-	O
and	O
oropharyngeal	B-ANAT
swabs	O
were	O
collected	O
and	O
multiplex	O
reverse	B-PROC
transcription	I-PROC
PCR	O
(	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
)	O
was	O
performed	O
to	O
identify	O
the	O
respiratory	O
viruses	B-SPEC
involved	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
emergence	O
of	O
the	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
poses	O
a	O
potential	O
threat	O
to	O
global	O
public	O
health	O
.	O

Patients	O
presenting	O
with	O
acute	B-DISO
pulmonary	I-DISO
edema	I-DISO
or	O
cardiogenic	B-DISO
shock	I-DISO
should	O
be	O
excluded	O
from	O
this	O
early	O
treatment	O
regimen	O
.	O

Several	O
viruses	B-SPEC
including	O
influenza	B-DISO
A	I-PATH
,	O
rhinovirus	B-SPEC
,	O
and	O
non	O
-	O
MERS	O
coronaviruses	O
had	O
low	O
carriage	O
rates	O
among	O
arriving	O
pilgrims	O
and	O
a	O
statistically	O
significant	O
increase	O
in	O
their	O
carriage	O
rate	O
was	O
observed	O
,	O
following	O
participation	O
in	O
the	O
Hajj	O
.	O

Influenza	B-DISO
outbreaks	O
aboard	O
cruise	O
ships	O
affect	O
2	O
-	O
7	O
%	O
of	O
passengers	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Forty	O
-	O
one	O
studies	O
met	B-CHED
the	O
eligibility	O
criteria	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Previously	O
unidentified	O
viruses	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
,	O
continue	O
to	O
emerge	O
and	O
threaten	O
populations	O
,	O
while	O
powerful	O
new	O
techniques	O
have	O
identified	O
many	O
new	O
human	B-SPEC
and	O
animal	B-SPEC
viruses	B-SPEC
.	O

These	O
viruses	B-SPEC
often	O
pose	O
a	O
challenge	O
for	O
researchers	O
to	O
study	O
due	O
to	O
their	O
highly	O
pathogenic	O
nature	O
.	O

In	O
this	O
review	O
we	O
will	O
introduce	O
various	O
pseudotyping	O
systems	O
for	O
emerging	O
viruses	O
,	O
including	O
chikungunya	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
,	O
Ebola	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
,	O
SARS	B-DISO
and	O
MERS	O
coronaviruses	O
and	O
Nipah	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
their	O
use	O
in	O
diverse	O
studies	O
including	O
drug	O
screening	O
and	O
antibody	B-COMP
neutralization	O
.	O

We	O
evaluated	O
the	O
effect	O
of	O
treatment	O
with	O
VIS410	O
,	O
a	O
human	B-SPEC
monoclonal	O
antibody	B-COMP
targeting	B-PROC
the	O
HA	O
stem	B-ANAT
region	O
,	O
on	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
in	O
BALB	O
/	O
c	O
mice	B-SPEC
after	O
infection	B-DISO
with	O
influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
(	O
H7N9	O
)	O
viruses	B-SPEC
.	O

A	O
26	O
-	O
month	O
-	O
old	O
girl	O
received	O
a	O
human	B-PRGE
leukocyte	B-ANAT
antigen	B-CHED
3	I-PRGE
/	I-PRGE
6	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
allele	I-PRGE
-	O
matched	O
transplant	B-ANAT
from	O
cord	B-ANAT
blood	I-ANAT
.	O

Although	O
HSCT	O
effects	O
on	O
the	O
clinical	O
manifestations	O
were	O
limited	O
,	O
laboratory	O
data	O
including	O
plasma	B-ANAT
lysosomal	B-PRGE
enzyme	I-PRGE
activities	O
and	O
serum	B-COMP
levels	O
of	O
immunoglobulin	B-PROC
showed	O
improvement	O
.	O

Although	O
only	O
5	O
mutations	O
were	O
detected	O
in	O
the	O
consensus	O
sequences	O
,	O
473	O
intrahost	O
single	O
nucleotide	B-CHED
variants	O
were	O
identified	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
MicroRNA	O
Regulation	B-PROC
of	O
Acute	O
Lung	B-ANAT
Injury	O
and	O
Acute	B-DISO
Respiratory	I-DISO
Distress	I-DISO
Syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

In	O
recent	O
years	O
,	O
microRNAs	O
(	O
miRNAs	O
),	O
small	O
non	O
-	O
coding	O
molecules	O
have	O
emerged	O
as	O
a	O
major	O
area	O
of	O
biomedical	O
research	O
as	O
they	O
post	O
-	O
transcriptionally	O
regulate	O
gene	B-PROC
expression	I-PROC
in	O
diverse	O
biological	O
and	O
pathological	B-DISO
processes	I-DISO
,	O
including	O
ALI	O
/	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

Finally	O
,	O
the	O
possible	O
future	O
directions	O
that	O
might	O
lead	O
to	O
novel	O
therapeutic	O
strategies	O
for	O
the	O
treatment	O
of	O
ALI	O
/	O
ARDS	B-DISO
are	O
also	O
reviewed	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Extensive	O
Positive	O
Selection	O
Drives	O
the	O
Evolution	B-PROC
of	O
Nonstructural	O
Proteins	B-CHED
in	O
Lineage	O
C	O
Betacoronaviruses	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Statistical	O
evaluation	O
of	O
the	O
prognosis	O
of	O
burned	O
patients	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
analysis	O
of	O
prognostic	O
scores	O
as	O
quickly	O
and	O
easily	O
obtainable	O
that	O
track	O
the	O
evolution	B-PROC
of	O
burned	O
patient	O
in	O
ICU	O
.	O

These	O
systems	O
applicable	O
to	O
the	O
burned	O
patient	O
scores	O
,	O
making	O
a	O
cut	O
-	O
off	O
of	O
each	O
index	O
/	O
mortality	O
probability	O
score	O
,	O
he	O
can	O
manifest	O
usefulness	O
in	O
medical	O
decision	O
making	O
process	O
and	O
strategy	O
to	O
reduce	O
the	O
risk	O
of	O
death	B-PROC
in	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
burns	O
.	O

In	O
2	O
,	O
305	O
patients	O
with	O
AP	O
,	O
there	O
were	O
301	O
cases	O
(	O
13	O
.	O
1	O
%)	O
diagnosed	O
with	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
,	O
136	O
cases	O
(	O
5	O
.	O
9	O
%)	O
with	O
shock	O
,	O
105	O
cases	O
(	O
4	O
.	O
6	O
%)	O
with	O
acute	O
renal	O
failure	O
,	O
296	O
cases	O
(	O
12	O
.	O
8	O
%)	O
with	O
gastrointestinal	B-DISO
bleeding	I-DISO
,	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
old	O
Atlanta	B-SPEC
classification	O
criteria	O
.	O

In	O
SAP	O
patients	O
by	O
new	O
criteria	O
,	O
the	O
discharge	B-ANAT
rate	O
in	O
critical	O
condition	B-DISO
and	O
mortality	O
were	O
not	O
only	O
higher	O
than	O
those	O
in	O
MSAP	O
patients	O
(	O
17	O
.	O
0	O
%	O
vs	O
4	O
.	O
1	O
%,	O
4	O
.	O
1	O
%	O
vs	O
1	O
.	O
5	O
%,	O
respectively	O
,	O
all	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
001	O
),	O
but	O
also	O
higher	O
than	O
those	O
in	O
SAP	O
patients	O
by	O
the	O
old	O
classification	O
(	O
17	O
.	O
0	O
%	O
vs	O
7	O
.	O
2	O
%,	O
4	O
.	O
1	O
%	O
vs	O
2	O
.	O
1	O
%,	O
all	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
001	O
).	O

This	O
study	O
describes	O
hypertrophic	B-DISO
cardiomyopathy	I-DISO
(	O
HCM	O
)	O
and	O
myocarditis	B-DISO
associated	O
with	O
feline	B-SPEC
immunodeficiency	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
FIV	B-SPEC
)	O
infection	B-DISO
in	O
five	O
cats	B-SPEC
aged	O
between	O
1	O
and	O
4	O
years	O
.	O

Clinical	O
manifestations	O
included	O
dyspnoea	B-DISO
in	O
four	O
animals	B-SPEC
,	O
one	O
of	O
which	O
also	O
exhibited	O
restlessness	B-DISO
.	O

or	O
Toxoplasma	B-SPEC
gondii	I-SPEC
.	O

Mutagenesis	B-PROC
studies	O
showed	O
that	O
RT	B-PRGE
RNase	I-PRGE
H	I-PRGE
domain	I-PRGE
residues	O
Asn474	O
and	O
Tyr501	O
,	O
and	O
in	O
a	O
lesser	O
extent	O
Ala502	O
and	O
Ala508	O
,	O
are	O
critical	O
for	O
RMNC6	O
inhibition	B-PROC
of	O
the	O
endonuclease	B-FUNC
activity	I-FUNC
of	O
the	O
RT	O
,	O
without	O
affecting	O
its	O
DNA	O
polymerization	O
activity	O
.	O

Nasal	B-ANAT
and	O
pharyngeal	B-ANAT
swabs	O
were	O
tested	O
using	O
the	O
PCR	O
method	O
for	O
the	O
following	O
12	O
viruses	B-SPEC
:	O
influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
,	O
influenza	B-DISO
B	O
,	O
respiratory	B-SPEC
syncytial	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
A	O
(	O
RSV	B-SPEC
A	O
),	O
respiratory	B-SPEC
syncytial	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
B	O
(	O
RSV	B-SPEC
B	O
),	O
adenovirus	B-DISO
,	O
metapneumovirus	B-SPEC
,	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
229E	O
/	O
NL63	O
(	O
hCoV229	O
),	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
OC43	O
(	O
hCoVOC43	O
),	O
parainfluenza	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
1	O
(	O
PIV	O
-	O
1	O
),	O
parainfluenza	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
2	O
(	O
PIV	O
-	O
2	O
),	O
parainfluenza	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
3	O
(	O
PIV	O
-	O
3	O
),	O
and	O
rhinovirus	B-SPEC
A	O
/	O
B	O
.	O
Coinfections	B-DISO
were	O
detected	O
in	O
nine	O
(	O
8	O
%)	O
patients	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
ACE2	B-PRGE
solely	O
is	O
not	O
sufficient	O
to	O
allow	O
host	B-COMP
cells	B-COMP
to	O
become	O
susceptible	O
to	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
CoV	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
,	O
and	O
other	O
host	B-COMP
factors	O
may	O
be	O
involved	O
in	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
spike	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
-	I-PRGE
ACE2	I-PRGE
complex	I-PRGE
.	O

Moreover	O
,	O
flow	O
cytometry	O
data	O
demonstrated	O
an	O
increase	O
of	O
the	O
cell	B-COMP
surface	I-COMP
vimentin	B-COMP
level	O
by	O
16	O
.	O
5	O
%	O
after	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
permissive	O
Vero	O
E6	O
cells	B-COMP
were	O
treated	O
with	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
virus	B-ANAT
-	I-ANAT
like	I-ANAT
particles	I-ANAT
(	O
VLPs	B-ANAT
).	O

A	O
direct	O
interaction	O
between	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
spike	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
and	O
host	B-COMP
surface	O
vimentin	B-COMP
was	O
further	O
confirmed	O
by	O
far	O
-	O
Western	O
blotting	O
.	O

In	O
addition	O
,	O
antibody	B-COMP
neutralization	O
assay	O
and	O
shRNA	O
knockdown	O
experiments	O
indicated	O
a	O
vital	O
role	O
of	O
vimentin	B-COMP
in	O
cell	B-COMP
binding	B-FUNC
and	O
uptake	O
of	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
VLPs	B-ANAT
and	O
the	O
viral	O
spike	O
protein	B-CHED
.	O

Typically	O
,	O
IBV	B-SPEC
is	O
titrated	O
in	O
embryonated	O
chicken	B-SPEC
eggs	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
infectivity	O
of	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
dilutions	O
is	O
determined	O
by	O
assessing	O
clinical	O
signs	O
in	O
the	O
embryos	B-ANAT
as	O
evidence	O
of	O
viral	O
propagation	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
New	O
Atlanta	B-SPEC
Classification	O
of	O
acute	B-DISO
pancreatitis	I-DISO
in	O
intensive	O
care	O
unit	O
:	O
Complications	O
and	O
prognosis	O
.	O

We	O
collected	O
demographic	O
data	O
,	O
admission	O
criteria	O
,	O
pancreatitis	B-DISO
etiology	O
,	O
severity	O
of	O
illness	O
,	O
presence	O
of	O
organ	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
,	O
local	O
and	O
systemic	O
complications	O
,	O
ICU	O
length	O
of	O
stay	O
,	O
and	O
mortality	O
.	O

The	O
following	O
clinical	O
data	O
were	O
significantly	O
higher	O
in	O
the	O
death	B-PROC
group	O
than	O
those	O
in	O
the	O
survival	O
group	O
,	O
namely	O
body	B-ANAT
temperature	O
(	O
centigrade	O
:	O
38	O
.	O
67	O
±	O
1	O
.	O
18	O
vs	O
.	O
37	O
.	O
74	O
±	O
1	O
.	O
18	O
,	O
t	O
=	O
-	O
3	O
.	O
627	O
,	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
000	O
),	O
pulse	B-PROC
(	O
bpm	O
:	O
130	O
.	O
65	O
±	O
15	O
.	O
72	O
vs	O
.	O
107	O
.	O
26	O
±	O
19	O
.	O
61	O
,	O
t	O
'	O
=	O
-	O
6	O
.	O
133	O
,	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
000	O
),	O
the	O
ratio	O
of	O
concomitant	O
chronic	B-DISO
lung	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
[	O
45	O
.	O
0	O
%	O
(	O
18	O
/	O
40	O
)	O
vs	O
.	O
13	O
.	O
0	O
%	O
(	O
6	O
/	O
46	O
),	O
χ	O
(	O
2	O
)	O
=	O
10	O
.	O
860	O
,	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
001	O
],	O
fraction	O
of	O
inspired	B-PROC
oxygen	B-CHED
[	O
FiO2	O
:	O
0	O
.	O
495	O
(	O
0	O
.	O
410	O
,	O
0	O
.	O
600	O
)	O
vs	O
.	O
0	O
.	O
380	O
(	O
0	O
.	O
290	O
,	O
0	O
.	O
500	O
),	O
Z	O
=	O
-	O
3	O
.	O
265	O
,	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
001	O
],	O
APACHE	O
II	O
score	O
(	O
25	O
.	O
80	O
±	O
5	O
.	O
07	O
vs	O
.	O
16	O
.	O
39	O
±	O
5	O
.	O
12	O
,	O
t	O
=-	O
8	O
.	O
540	O
,	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
000	O
),	O
CURB	B-DISO
-	O
65	O
score	O
[	O
3	O
(	O
3	O
,	O
4	O
)	O
vs	O
.	O
2	O
(	O
1	O
,	O
2	O
),	O
Z	O
=	O
-	O
5	O
.	O
562	O
,	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
000	O
],	O
MODS	B-DISO
score	O
(	O
8	O
.	O
15	O
±	O
2	O
.	O
49	O
vs	O
.	O
4	O
.	O
35	O
±	O
2	O
.	O
01	O
,	O
t	O
=	O
-	O
7	O
.	O
832	O
,	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
000	O
),	O
international	O
normalized	O
ratio	O
[	O
INR	O
:	O
1	O
.	O
22	O
(	O
1	O
.	O
08	O
,	O
1	O
.	O
31	O
)	O
vs	O
.	O
1	O
.	O
07	O
(	O
1	O
.	O
00	O
,	O
1	O
.	O
10	O
),	O
Z	O
=	O
-	O
4	O
.	O
231	O
,	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
000	O
],	O
and	O
activated	O
partial	O
thromboplastin	B-PRGE
time	O
[	O
APTT	O
(	O
s	O
):	O
33	O
.	O
80	O
(	O
32	O
.	O
13	O
,	O
38	O
.	O
75	O
)	O
vs	O
.	O
28	O
.	O
50	O
(	O
25	O
.	O
70	O
,	O
36	O
.	O
00	O
),	O
Z	O
=	O
-	O
3	O
.	O
482	O
,	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
000	O
].	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Pulmonary	O
complications	O
are	O
common	O
following	O
hematopoietic	B-ANAT
stem	I-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
transplantation	O
.	O

The	O
incidence	O
and	O
outcomes	O
of	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
in	O
this	O
setting	O
are	O
poorly	O
characterized	O
.	O

In	O
total	O
,	O
133	O
cases	O
of	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
distress	O
syndrome	O
developed	O
in	O
2	O
,	O
635	O
patients	O
undergoing	O
hematopoietic	B-ANAT
stem	I-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
transplantation	O
(	O
5	O
.	O
0	O
%).	O

Most	O
cases	O
of	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
following	O
hematopoietic	B-ANAT
stem	I-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
transplantation	O
do	O
not	O
meet	O
criteria	O
for	O
a	O
more	O
specific	O
post	O
-	O
transplantation	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
syndrome	B-DISO
.	O

Application	O
of	O
motifs	O
as	O
a	O
tool	O
to	O
examine	O
the	O
whole	O
genome	O
sequences	O
of	O
causative	O
agents	O
will	O
be	O
more	O
objective	O
and	O
will	O
be	O
an	O
explicit	O
indicator	B-CHED
of	O
their	O
relationship	O
.	O

The	O
plasma	B-ANAT
cytokine	O
and	O
chemokine	O
profiles	O
of	O
57	O
H7N9	O
patients	O
were	O
investigated	O
using	O
a	O
multiplex	O
immunoassay	O
.	O

Further	O
,	O
the	O
association	O
between	O
cytokines	O
and	O
CRP	B-PRGE
in	O
H7N9	O
infections	B-DISO
was	O
explored	O
.	O

When	O
all	O
the	O
44	O
patients	O
of	O
three	O
severities	O
(	O
during	O
the	O
24	O
hrs	B-DISO
period	O
and	O
during	O
the	O
72	O
hrs	B-DISO
period	O
)	O
were	O
compared	O
,	O
the	O
OI	O
gradually	O
decreased	O
with	O
the	O
increase	O
of	O
severity	O
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
,	O
while	O
EVLWI	O
and	O
PVPI	O
ascended	O
,	O
and	O
differences	O
between	O
any	O
two	O
groups	O
were	O
statistically	O
significant	O
(	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
).	O

We	O
also	O
limited	O
tidal	O
volume	O
to	O
keep	O
Ptp	B-DISO
at	O
less	O
than	O
25	O
cm	O
of	O
water	B-CHED
at	O
end	O
inspiration	B-PROC
.	O

Transpulmonary	O
pressure	O
-	O
directed	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
in	O
ARDS	B-DISO
secondary	O
to	O
severe	O
acute	B-DISO
pancreatitis	I-DISO
patient	O
with	O
intraabdominal	B-DISO
hypertension	I-DISO
could	O
not	O
only	O
recruit	O
the	O
collapsed	O
alveoli	B-ANAT
,	O
improve	O
lung	B-PROC
compliance	I-PROC
,	O
increase	O
oxygenation	B-PROC
index	O
and	O
decrease	O
dead	B-PROC
space	O
ventilation	O
but	O
also	O
monitor	O
lung	B-ANAT
stress	O
to	O
avoid	O
alveoli	B-ANAT
overinflation	O
,	O
which	O
might	O
be	O
lung	B-ANAT
protective	O
.	O

Compared	O
with	O
baseline	O
,	O
lung	B-PROC
compliance	I-PROC
(	O
CL	O
)	O
(	O
48	O
.	O
1	O
±	O
10	O
.	O
3	O
)	O
cmH2O	O
vs	O
(	O
25	O
.	O
7	O
±	O
6	O
.	O
4	O
)	O
cmH2O	O
and	O
oxygenation	B-PROC
index	O
(	O
PaO2	O
/	O
FiO2	O
)	O
(	O
235	O
±	O
48	O
)	O
mmHg	O
vs	O
(	O
160	O
±	O
35	O
)	O
mmHg	O
improved	O
obviously	O
(	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
),	O
dead	B-PROC
space	O
fraction	O
(	O
VD	O
/	O
VT	O
)	O
(	O
0	O
.	O
48	O
±	O
0	O
.	O
07	O
)	O
vs	O
(	O
0	O
.	O
59	O
±	O
0	O
.	O
06	O
)	O
decreased	O
(	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
),	O
but	O
Ccw	O
and	O
respiratory	O
compliance	O
(	O
Cr	O
)	O
didn	O
'	O
t	O
improve	O
(	O
P	O
>	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
).	O

We	O
hypothesized	O
that	O
patients	O
with	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
contusions	O
apparent	O
on	O
initial	O
chest	B-ANAT
radiographs	O
have	O
higher	O
rates	O
of	O
mortality	O
and	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
than	O
patients	O
who	O
have	O
delayed	O
radiographic	O
changes	O
of	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
contusions	O
.	O

The	O
aim	O
of	O
the	O
study	O
was	O
to	O
improve	O
the	O
tactics	O
of	O
treatment	O
of	O
bronchoobstructive	O
syndrome	B-DISO
(	O
BOS	B-DISO
)	O
in	O
associative	O
course	O
with	O
gastroesophageal	B-DISO
reflux	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
(	O
GERD	B-DISO
)	O
in	O
children	O
.	O

Peculiarities	O
of	O
pre	O
-	O
morbid	O
background	O
of	O
BA	O
and	O
GERD	B-DISO
associative	O
course	O
were	O
exhibited	O
by	O
gestosis	B-DISO
,	O
threat	O
of	O
abortion	O
,	O
intrauterine	B-DISO
hypoxia	I-DISO
of	O
the	O
fetus	B-ANAT
,	O
social	O
troubles	O
of	O
the	O
family	B-SPEC
.	O

A	O
number	O
of	O
interactions	O
between	O
cerebral	B-PROC
function	I-PROC
and	O
respiratory	B-PROC
function	I-PROC
should	O
be	O
regarded	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
and	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
.	O

To	O
this	O
end	O
,	O
two	O
chicken	B-SPEC
lines	O
,	O
selected	O
for	O
high	O
(	O
L10H	O
line	O
)	O
and	O
low	O
(	O
L10L	O
line	O
)	O
serum	B-COMP
concentration	O
of	O
mannose	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
binding	B-FUNC
lectin	I-PRGE
(	O
MBL	B-PRGE
)	O
were	O
studied	O
.	O

This	O
review	O
focuses	O
on	O
three	O
specific	O
aspects	O
:	O
the	O
evolving	O
trend	O
toward	O
open	O
lung	O
ventilation	O
,	O
tempered	O
by	O
the	O
recent	O
cautionary	O
experience	O
with	O
high	O
-	O
frequency	O
oscillation	O
ventilation	O
;	O
the	O
evolution	B-PROC
of	O
prone	O
positioning	O
as	O
a	O
treatment	O
for	O
the	O
most	O
hypoxemic	O
patients	O
;	O
and	O
the	O
continued	O
future	O
promise	O
of	O
extracorporeal	O
support	O
as	O
a	O
true	O
rescue	O
therapy	O
.	O

Modern	O
ICU	O
practices	O
favor	O
lower	O
dose	O
of	O
corticosteroids	B-CHED
and	O
very	O
short	O
course	O
of	O
short	O
-	O
acting	O
curare	O
for	O
the	O
management	O
of	O
sepsis	B-DISO
or	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

Recent	O
trials	O
provided	O
no	O
evidence	O
for	O
increased	O
risk	O
of	O
secondary	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
or	O
critical	B-DISO
illness	I-DISO
neuromyopathy	B-DISO
in	O
patients	O
with	O
sepsis	B-DISO
or	O
ARDS	B-DISO
with	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
corticosteroids	B-CHED
or	O
neuromuscular	O
blockers	O
.	O

Prevalence	O
in	O
broiler	O
flocks	O
was	O
39	O
.	O
4	O
%	O
(	O
26	O
/	O
66	O
)	O
and	O
in	O
local	O
chicken	B-SPEC
flocks	O
was	O
11	O
.	O
9	O
%	O
(	O
5	O
/	O
42	O
).	O

Dogs	B-SPEC
from	O
small	O
private	O
reserves	O
were	O
more	O
exposed	O
to	O
parvovirus	B-DISO
and	O
canine	B-SPEC
distemper	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
than	O
those	O
from	O
larger	O
state	O
parks	O
.	O

Remarkably	O
,	O
factors	O
linked	O
to	O
free	O
-	O
ranging	O
behaviour	B-PROC
of	O
dogs	B-SPEC
were	O
associated	O
with	O
the	O
exposure	O
for	O
all	O
pathogens	O
detected	O
.	O

Since	O
many	O
virological	O
and	O
immunological	O
data	O
on	O
FECV	B-SPEC
infections	B-DISO
are	O
lacking	O
,	O
the	O
present	O
study	O
investigated	O
these	O
missing	O
links	O
during	O
experimental	O
infection	B-DISO
of	O
three	O
SPF	O
cats	B-SPEC
with	O
FECV	B-SPEC
strain	O
UCD	O
.	O

Two	O
cats	B-SPEC
showed	O
mild	O
clinical	O
signs	O
,	O
faecal	B-ANAT
shedding	O
of	O
infectious	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
from	O
4	O
dpi	O
,	O
a	O
cell	B-COMP
-	O
associated	O
viraemia	B-DISO
at	O
inconsistent	O
time	O
points	O
from	O
5	O
dpi	O
,	O
a	O
highly	O
neutralising	O
antibody	B-PROC
response	I-PROC
from	O
9	O
dpi	O
,	O
and	O
no	O
major	O
abnormalities	O
in	O
leukocyte	B-ANAT
numbers	O
.	O

Neutralising	O
antibodies	B-COMP
arose	O
from	O
21	O
dpi	O
.	O

ECLS	O
during	O
pregnancy	O
is	O
effective	O
and	O
relatively	O
safe	O
for	O
the	O
mother	B-ANAT
and	I-ANAT
fetus	I-ANAT
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Middle	O
East	O
Respiratory	O
Syndrome	O
Coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
was	O
identified	O
in	O
2012	O
as	O
the	O
causative	O
agent	O
of	O
a	O
severe	O
,	O
lethal	O
respiratory	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
occurring	O
across	O
several	O
countries	O
in	O
the	O
Middle	O
East	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Influenza	B-DISO
in	O
Brazil	O
:	O
surveillance	O
pathways	B-PROC
.	O

The	O
isolated	O
viruses	B-SPEC
were	O
characterized	O
by	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
amplification	B-DISO
and	O
sequencing	O
of	O
the	O
partial	O
polymerase	B-PRGE
(	O
pol	B-PRGE
)	O
gene	O
.	O

Phylogenetic	O
evolutionary	O
analyses	O
confirmed	O
the	O
identities	O
of	O
three	O
HCoV	O
-	O
HKU1	O
,	O
five	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
NL63	I-SPEC
,	O
eight	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
OC43	I-SPEC
and	O
three	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
229E	I-SPEC
.	O

Acute	B-DISO
pancreatitis	I-DISO
was	O
induced	O
in	O
rats	B-SPEC
with	O
repetitive	O
injections	O
of	O
cerulein	B-CHED
(	O
50	O
µg	O
/	O
kg	O
/	O
h	O
)	O
and	O
a	O
shot	O
of	O
lipopolysaccharide	B-CHED
(	O
7	O
.	O
5	O
mg	O
/	O
kg	O
).	O

When	O
treated	O
with	O
dihydro	O
-	O
resveratrol	B-CHED
,	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
architectural	O
distortion	O
,	O
hemorrhage	B-DISO
,	O
interstitial	B-DISO
edema	I-DISO
,	O
and	O
alveolar	B-ANAT
thickening	O
were	O
significantly	O
reduced	O
in	O
rats	B-SPEC
with	O
acute	B-DISO
pancreatitis	I-DISO
.	O

In	O
vivo	O
experiments	O
show	O
that	O
siRNA	O
expression	B-PROC
inhibits	O
IBV	B-SPEC
replication	O
,	O
significantly	O
decreases	O
mortality	O
and	O
increases	O
weight	O
gain	O
.	O

Small	O
interfering	O
RNA	B-PROC
expression	I-PROC
inhibits	O
avian	B-SPEC
IBV	B-SPEC
replication	O
and	O
inflammatory	B-DISO
response	I-DISO
.	O

BALB	O
/	O
c	O
mice	B-SPEC
were	O
inoculated	O
orally	B-ANAT
with	O
SL7207	O
(	O
pVAX	O
-	O
M	O
)	O
at	O
different	O
dosages	O
to	O
evaluate	O
safety	O
of	O
the	O
vaccines	O
.	O

The	O
bacterium	B-SPEC
was	O
safe	O
to	O
mice	B-SPEC
at	O
a	O
dosage	O
of	O
2	O
×	O
10	O
(	O
9	O
)	O
CFU	O
,	O
almost	O
eliminated	O
from	O
the	O
spleen	B-ANAT
and	O
liver	B-ANAT
at	O
week	O
4	O
post	O
-	O
immunization	O
and	O
eventually	O
cleared	O
at	O
week	O
6	O
.	O

Spherical	O
virus	B-COMP
particles	I-COMP
were	O
observed	O
by	O
transmission	O
electron	O
microscopy	O
.	O

Positive	O
attitudes	O
in	O
the	O
workplace	O
,	O
clinical	O
improvement	O
of	O
infected	O
colleagues	O
,	O
and	O
stoppage	O
of	O
disease	B-DISO
transmission	I-DISO
among	O
HCWs	O
after	O
adopting	O
strict	O
protective	O
measures	O
alleviated	O
their	O
fear	O
and	O
drove	O
them	O
through	O
the	O
epidemic	O
.	O

A	O
27	O
-	O
year	O
-	O
old	O
male	O
patient	O
was	O
suffering	B-DISO
from	O
severe	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
caused	O
by	O
community	O
-	O
acquired	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
and	O
acute	B-DISO
myocarditis	I-DISO
with	O
circulatory	B-DISO
shock	I-DISO
.	O

After	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
for	O
respiratory	O
support	O
,	O
he	O
was	O
in	O
a	O
persistently	O
refractory	B-DISO
shock	I-DISO
state	O
.	O

Two	O
new	O
species	B-SPEC
of	O
bat	B-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
,	O
identified	O
through	O
sequence	O
comparison	O
and	O
phylogenetic	O
analysis	O
,	O
are	O
proposed	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Molecular	O
mechanisms	O
of	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
RNA	B-PROC
capping	I-PROC
and	O
methylation	B-PROC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
5	O
'-	O
cap	B-DISO
structures	O
of	O
eukaryotic	O
mRNAs	O
are	O
important	O
for	O
RNA	O
stability	O
,	O
pre	O
-	O
mRNA	O
splicing	O
,	O
mRNA	B-PROC
export	I-PROC
,	O
and	O
protein	B-PROC
translation	B-PROC
.	O

Many	O
viruses	B-SPEC
have	O
evolved	O
mechanisms	O
for	O
generating	O
their	O
own	O
cap	B-DISO
structures	O
with	O
methylation	B-PROC
at	O
the	O
N7	O
position	O
of	O
the	O
capped	O
guanine	B-CHED
and	O
the	O
ribose	B-CHED
2	O
'-	O
Oposition	O
of	O
the	O
first	O
nucleotide	B-CHED
,	O
which	O
help	O
viral	O
RNAs	O
escape	O
recognition	O
by	O
the	O
host	B-COMP
innate	O
immune	B-ANAT
system	I-ANAT
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Friedreich	O
'	O
s	O
ataxia	O
is	O
a	O
predominantly	O
neurodegenerative	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
caused	O
by	O
recessive	O
mutations	O
that	O
produce	O
a	O
deficiency	O
of	O
frataxin	B-PRGE
(	O
FXN	B-PRGE
).	O

The	O
""""	O
SmartECLA	O
""""	O
system	O
was	O
tested	O
in	O
six	O
animal	B-SPEC
experiments	O
with	O
increasing	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
hypoventilation	B-DISO
and	O
hypoxic	B-DISO
inspiratory	B-PROC
gas	B-ENZY
mixture	B-CHED
to	O
simulate	O
progressive	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Feline	O
infectious	O
peritonitis	O
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
FIPV	O
)	O
replication	O
in	O
macrophages	B-ANAT
/	O
monocytes	B-ANAT
induced	O
tumor	B-FUNC
necrosis	I-FUNC
factor	I-FUNC
(	O
TNF	B-FUNC
)-	O
alpha	O
production	O
,	O
and	O
that	O
the	O
TNF	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
alpha	I-PRGE
produced	O
was	O
involved	O
in	O
aggravating	O
the	O
pathology	B-DISO
of	O
FIP	B-DISO
.	O

All	O
MR	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
RTs	I-PRGE
exhibited	O
similar	O
sensitivity	O
toward	O
RNase	B-PRGE
H	I-PRGE
inhibitors	B-CHED
belonging	O
to	O
different	O
inhibitor	B-CHED
classes	O
,	O
indicating	O
the	O
importance	O
of	O
developing	O
RNase	B-PRGE
H	I-PRGE
inhibitors	B-CHED
further	O
as	O
anti	O
-	O
HIV	B-DISO
drugs	O
.	O

Troponin	B-PRGE
I	I-PRGE
was	O
measured	O
every	O
12	O
hours	O
in	O
the	O
first	O
72	O
hours	O
from	O
intensive	O
care	O
unit	O
(	O
ICU	O
)	O
admission	O
.	O

Moreover	O
,	O
troponin	B-PRGE
release	B-PATH
can	O
be	O
related	O
to	O
right	B-DISO
ventricular	I-DISO
dysfunction	I-DISO
,	O
thus	O
highlighting	O
the	O
clinical	O
role	O
of	O
echocardiography	O
in	O
ARDS	B-DISO
patients	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Not	O
all	O
persons	O
infected	O
with	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
develop	O
severe	O
symptoms	O
,	O
which	O
likely	O
leads	O
to	O
an	O
underestimation	O
of	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
people	O
infected	O
and	O
an	O
overestimation	O
of	O
the	O
severity	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
evaluate	O
the	O
in	O
vitro	O
activities	O
of	O
the	O
ethyl	B-CHED
acetate	I-CHED
(	O
EA	O
)	O
fraction	O
of	O
Houttuynia	B-SPEC
cordata	I-SPEC
(	O
H	O
.	O
cordata	O
)	O
Thunb	O
.	O

The	O
EA	O
fraction	O
of	O
H	O
.	O
cordata	O
inhibited	O
viral	O
infectivity	O
up	O
to	O
6	O
d	O
.	O
Cinanserin	O
hydrochloride	B-CHED
was	O
able	O
to	O
inhibit	O
MHV	B-SPEC
for	O
only	O
2	O
d	O
.	O
The	O
50	O
%	O
inhibitory	O
concentrations	O
(	O
IC50	O
)	O
of	O
the	O
EA	O
fraction	O
of	O
H	O
.	O
cordata	O
added	O
before	O
the	O
viral	O
adsorption	O
stage	O
were	O
0	O
.	O
98	O
μg	O
/	O
mL	O
for	O
MHV	O
and	O
7	O
.	O
50	O
μg	O
/	O
mL	O
for	O
DENV	O
-	O
2	O
with	O
absence	O
of	O
cytotoxicity	B-DISO
.	O

Tracheobronchial	O
HAE	O
cultures	O
recapitulate	O
the	O
primary	O
entry	O
point	O
of	O
human	O
respiratory	O
viruses	B-SPEC
while	O
the	O
alveolar	B-ANAT
model	O
allows	O
for	O
elucidation	O
of	O
mechanisms	O
involved	O
in	O
viral	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
and	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
in	O
the	O
alveoli	B-ANAT
.	O

These	O
morphological	O
airway	B-ANAT
cultures	O
are	O
also	O
well	O
suited	O
for	O
the	O
identification	O
of	O
antivirals	B-CHED
,	O
evaluation	O
of	O
compound	O
toxicity	O
and	O
viral	O
inhibition	B-PROC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
The	O
Protein	B-CHED
Corona	B-CHED
of	O
Plant	B-SPEC
Virus	B-SPEC
Nanoparticles	B-CHED
Influences	O
their	O
Dispersion	O
Properties	O
,	O
Cellular	B-ANAT
Interactions	O
,	O
and	O
In	O
Vivo	O
Fates	O
.	O

The	O
impact	O
of	O
the	O
VNP	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
corona	B-CHED
on	O
molecular	B-PROC
recognition	I-PROC
and	O
cell	B-COMP
targeting	B-PROC
in	O
the	O
context	O
of	O
cancer	B-DISO
and	O
thrombosis	B-DISO
is	O
investigated	O
.	O

The	O
two	O
mAbs	O
were	O
suitable	O
to	O
detect	O
a	O
24	O
-	O
kDa	O
protein	O
,	O
which	O
represents	O
the	O
nonglycosylated	O
form	O
of	O
7b	O
in	O
FCoV	O
-	O
infected	O
cells	B-COMP
.	O

After	O
retrieving	O
163	O
,	O
433	O
news	O
records	O
mentioning	O
the	O
Severe	B-DISO
Acute	I-DISO
Respiratory	I-DISO
Syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
and	O
H1N1	O
pandemics	O
,	O
a	O
maximum	O
entropy	O
model	O
for	O
inductive	O
machine	O
learning	B-PROC
was	O
used	O
to	O
identify	O
relationships	O
among	O
500	O
randomly	O
sampled	O
news	O
records	O
that	O
correlated	O
with	O
systematic	O
human	B-SPEC
assessments	O
of	O
their	O
scientific	O
quality	O
and	O
sensationalism	O
.	O

The	O
model	O
was	O
validated	O
by	O
randomly	O
sampling	O
200	O
records	O
and	O
comparing	O
human	B-SPEC
assessments	O
of	O
them	O
to	O
the	O
computer	O
assessments	O
.	O

Automated	O
methods	O
can	O
evaluate	O
news	O
records	O
faster	O
,	O
cheaper	O
,	O
and	O
possibly	O
better	O
than	O
humans	B-SPEC
.	O

We	O
here	O
report	O
a	O
case	O
of	O
HCoV	O
infection	B-DISO
in	O
a	O
leukemia	B-DISO
patient	O
with	O
fatal	O
ARDS	B-DISO
despite	O
successful	O
virus	B-SPEC
elimination	B-PROC
by	O
pegylated	O
interferon	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
alpha	I-PRGE
(	O
PEG	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
IFN	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
α	I-PRGE
).	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
This	O
report	O
emphasizes	O
the	O
fatal	O
consequences	O
of	O
common	O
respiratory	O
virus	B-SPEC
infections	B-DISO
in	O
immunocompromised	O
patients	O
.	O

Pathogenesis	B-DISO
following	O
infection	B-DISO
with	O
these	O
viruses	B-SPEC
is	O
characterized	O
by	O
a	O
marked	O
delay	O
in	O
the	O
induction	O
of	O
Type	B-PRGE
I	I-PRGE
interferon	I-PRGE
(	O
IFN	B-PRGE
I	I-PRGE
)	O
and	O
,	O
subsequently	O
,	O
by	O
a	O
poor	O
adaptive	B-PROC
immune	I-PROC
response	I-PROC
.	O

The	O
structure	O
shares	O
a	O
common	O
core	O
with	O
paramyxovirus	O
F	O
proteins	B-CHED
,	O
implicating	O
mechanistic	O
similarities	O
and	O
an	O
evolutionary	O
connection	O
between	O
these	O
viral	O
fusion	O
proteins	B-CHED
.	O

Finally	O
,	O
comparison	O
with	O
crystal	B-ANAT
structures	O
of	O
human	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
S	O
domains	O
allows	O
rationalization	O
of	O
the	O
molecular	O
basis	O
for	O
species	B-SPEC
specificity	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
spatially	O
contiguous	O
but	O
distinct	O
domains	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Cardiopulmonary	B-ANAT
interactions	O
in	O
the	O
course	O
of	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
].	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
In	O
this	O
review	O
,	O
we	O
will	O
focus	O
on	O
severe	O
COPD	B-DISO
exacerbation	I-DISO
,	O
acute	B-DISO
left	I-DISO
heart	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
and	O
weaning	B-PROC
from	O
ventilation	O
.	O

No	O
evidence	O
of	O
extrapulmonary	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
antigens	B-CHED
were	O
detected	O
,	O
including	O
the	O
kidney	B-ANAT
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
list	O
of	O
extrapulmonary	O
manifestations	O
due	O
to	O
Mycoplasma	B-SPEC
pneumoniae	I-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
can	O
be	O
classified	O
according	O
to	O
the	O
following	O
three	O
possible	O
mechanisms	O
derived	O
from	O
the	O
established	O
biological	O
activity	O
of	O
M	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
pneumoniae	I-SPEC
;	O
(	O
1	O
)	O
a	O
direct	O
type	O
in	O
which	O
the	O
bacterium	B-SPEC
is	O
present	O
at	O
the	O
site	O
of	O
inflammation	B-DISO
and	O
local	O
inflammatory	O
cytokines	O
induced	O
by	O
the	O
bacterium	B-SPEC
play	O
an	O
important	O
role	O
(	O
2	O
)	O
an	O
indirect	O
type	O
in	O
which	O
the	O
bacterium	B-SPEC
is	O
not	O
present	O
at	O
the	O
site	O
of	O
inflammation	B-DISO
and	O
immune	O
modulations	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
autoimmunity	B-DISO
or	O
formation	B-PROC
of	O
immune	O
complexes	O
,	O
play	O
an	O
important	O
role	O
,	O
and	O
(	O
3	O
)	O
a	O
vascular	B-DISO
occlusion	B-PROC
type	O
in	O
which	O
obstruction	B-DISO
of	O
blood	B-PROC
flow	I-PROC
induced	O
either	O
directly	O
or	O
indirectly	O
by	O
the	O
bacterium	B-SPEC
plays	O
an	O
important	O
role	O
.	O

Except	O
negative	O
result	O
of	O
antibody	B-COMP
test	O
in	O
the	O
well	O
-	O
known	O
""""	O
acute	O
window	O
phase	O
""","	O
in	O
rare	O
cases	O
,	O
patients	O
do	O
not	O
develop	O
HIV	B-DISO
antibodies	B-COMP
despite	O
demonstrable	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

Multiple	O
antibiotics	B-CHED
and	O
chemotherapy	O
were	O
administrated	O
with	O
no	O
clinical	O
effect	O
due	O
to	O
advanced	O
stage	O
and	O
the	O
patient	O
passed	O
away	O
soon	O
after	O
diagnosis	O
.	O

This	O
is	O
the	O
first	O
case	O
of	O
seronegative	O
HIV	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
1	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
with	O
presentation	O
of	O
primary	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
KS	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
outbreak	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
in	O
2003	O
marked	O
the	O
explosion	O
of	O
health	O
information	O
seeking	O
online	O
in	O
China	O
and	O
the	O
increasing	O
emergence	O
of	O
Chinese	O
health	O
websites	O
.	O

Despite	O
the	O
relatively	O
few	O
numbers	O
of	O
cases	O
to	O
date	O
,	O
research	O
and	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
therapeutic	O
candidates	O
is	O
advancing	O
quickly	O
.	O

In	O
this	O
issue	O
of	O
Cell	B-COMP
Host	B-COMP
&	O
Microbe	O
,	O
Channappanavar	O
et	O
al	O
.	O
(	O
2016	O
)	O
use	O
a	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
animal	B-SPEC
model	O
to	O
describe	O
how	O
rapid	O
and	O
robust	O
virus	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
with	O
delayed	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
I	I-PRGE
can	O
lead	O
to	O
lung	B-ANAT
immunopathology	B-DISO
,	O
with	O
fatal	B-DISO
outcomes	I-DISO
.	O

However	O
,	O
the	O
factors	O
leading	O
to	O
lung	B-ANAT
pathology	B-DISO
are	O
not	O
well	O
understood	O
.	O

This	O
delayed	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
I	I-PRGE
signaling	B-PROC
promotes	O
the	O
accumulation	O
of	O
pathogenic	O
inflammatory	O
monocyte	B-ANAT
-	O
macrophages	B-ANAT
(	O
IMMs	O
),	O
resulting	O
in	O
elevated	O
lung	B-ANAT
cytokine	O
/	O
chemokine	O
levels	O
,	O
vascular	B-ANAT
leakage	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
impaired	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
-	O
specific	O
T	B-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
responses	O
.	O

Viruses	B-SPEC
were	O
most	O
commonly	O
associated	O
with	O
severe	O
CAP	B-DISO
among	O
children	O
aged	O
less	O
than	O
1	O
year	O
.	O

Our	O
findings	O
suggest	O
that	O
young	O
and	O
preterm	O
infants	O
with	O
CAP	B-DISO
should	O
be	O
monitored	O
closely	O
due	O
to	O
their	O
high	O
risk	O
for	O
developing	O
serious	O
complications	O
.	O

By	O
contrast	O
,	O
the	O
CoVs	O
responsible	O
for	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
and	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
(	O
MERS	O
),	O
which	O
were	O
discovered	O
in	O
Hong	O
Kong	O
,	O
China	O
,	O
in	O
2003	O
,	O
and	O
in	O
Saudi	O
Arabia	O
in	O
2012	O
,	O
respectively	O
,	O
have	O
received	O
global	O
attention	O
over	O
the	O
past	O
12	O
years	O
owing	O
to	O
their	O
ability	O
to	O
cause	O
community	O
and	O
health	O
-	O
care	O
-	O
associated	O
outbreaks	O
of	O
severe	O
infections	B-DISO
in	O
human	B-SPEC
populations	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Hepatitis	B-DISO
C	I-DISO
Virus	I-SPEC
Resistance	B-PROC
to	O
Carbohydrate	B-CHED
-	O
Binding	B-FUNC
Agents	O
.	O

Surprisingly	O
,	O
none	O
of	O
these	O
mutations	O
,	O
alone	O
or	O
in	O
combination	O
,	O
conferred	O
resistance	B-PROC
to	O
CBAs	O
.	O

With	O
the	O
emerging	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
monoclonal	O
antibodies	B-COMP
as	O
therapeutics	O
,	O
the	O
potential	O
implications	O
of	O
antibody	B-COMP
-	O
dependent	O
enhancement	O
of	O
disease	O
were	O
also	O
addressed	O
.	O

Vaccination	O
with	O
live	O
attenuated	O
strains	O
of	O
IBV	B-SPEC
-	O
H120	O
and	O
NDV	B-SPEC
-	O
LaSota	O
are	O
important	O
for	O
the	O
control	O
of	O
IB	O
and	O
ND	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
conventional	O
live	O
attenuated	O
vaccines	O
are	O
expensive	O
and	O
result	O
in	O
the	O
inability	O
to	O
differentiate	O
between	O
infected	O
and	O
vaccinated	O
chickens	B-SPEC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Interactive	O
mechanism	O
between	O
avian	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
bronchitis	B-PRGE
S1	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
T	B-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
peptide	B-CHED
and	O
avian	B-SPEC
MHC	B-PROC
I	I-PRGE
molecule	I-PRGE
.	O

Flow	O
cytometric	O
results	O
show	O
that	O
CD8	B-PRGE
(+)	O
T	B-ANAT
lymphocytes	I-ANAT
reproduce	O
stimulated	O
by	O
the	O
Sp6	B-PRGE
and	O
the	O
nonrelated	O
peptide	B-CHED
proliferate	O
by	O
34	O
.	O
8	O
%	O
and	O
2	O
.	O
6	O
%,	O
respectively	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
An	O
Overview	O
of	O
Severe	B-DISO
Acute	I-DISO
Respiratory	I-DISO
Syndrome	I-DISO
-	O
Coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
3CL	O
Protease	B-CHED
Inhibitors	I-CHED
:	O
Peptidomimetics	B-CHED
and	O
Small	O
Molecule	O
Chemotherapy	O
.	O

We	O
describe	O
here	O
mainly	O
peptidomimetic	O
and	O
small	O
molecule	O
inhibitors	B-CHED
of	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
3CL	I-PRGE
(	O
pro	B-PRGE
).	O

We	O
describe	O
the	O
case	O
of	O
a	O
83	O
-	O
year	O
-	O
old	O
patient	O
hospitalized	O
as	O
a	O
matter	O
of	O
urgency	O
in	O
intensive	O
care	O
for	O
which	O
C	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
ulcerans	I-SPEC
was	O
isolated	O
in	O
pure	B-FUNC
culture	O
in	O
its	O
bronchial	B-ANAT
samples	O
.	O

Molecular	B-PROC
dynamics	I-PROC
simulations	O
revealed	O
that	O
the	O
L141T	O
mutation	O
disrupts	O
the	O
3	O
(	O
10	O
)-	O
helix	O
and	O
helps	O
to	O
stabilize	O
the	O
active	O
conformation	O
.	O

Structure	O
activity	O
relationship	O
studies	O
of	O
the	O
candidate	O
compounds	O
were	O
given	O
reasonable	O
inhibitors	B-CHED
ent	B-ANAT
-	O
3	O
and	O
ent	B-ANAT
-	O
7k	O
against	O
SARS	B-PRGE
3CL	I-PRGE
R188I	I-PRGE
mutant	B-DISO
protease	I-PRGE
.	O

Most	O
non	O
-	O
falciparum	B-DISO
malaria	I-DISO
cases	O
are	O
caused	O
by	O
Plasmodium	B-SPEC
vivax	I-SPEC
;	O
a	O
few	O
cases	O
are	O
caused	O
by	O
the	O
other	O
species	B-SPEC
of	O
plasmodium	B-SPEC
:	O
Plasmodium	B-SPEC
ovale	I-SPEC
,	O
Plasmodium	B-SPEC
malariae	I-SPEC
or	O
Plasmodium	B-SPEC
knowlesi	I-SPEC
.	O

The	O
optimum	O
diagnostic	O
procedure	O
is	O
examination	O
of	O
thick	O
and	O
thin	O
blood	B-ANAT
films	O
by	O
an	O
expert	O
to	O
detect	O
and	O
speciate	O
the	O
malarial	O
parasites	O
.	O

Artemether	B-CHED
-	O
lumefantrine	B-CHED
(	O
Riamet	O
(®))	O
is	O
the	O
drug	O
of	O
choice	O
(	O
Grade	O
2C	O
)	O
and	O
dihydroartemisinin	B-CHED
-	O
piperaquine	O
(	O
Eurartesim	O
(®))	O
is	O
an	O
alternative	O
.	O

Severe	O
malaria	B-PATH
is	O
a	O
rare	O
complication	B-DISO
of	O
P	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
vivax	I-SPEC
or	O
P	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
knowlesi	I-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
and	O
also	O
requires	O
parenteral	O
therapy	O
.	O

Children	O
with	O
severe	O
malaria	B-PATH
should	O
also	O
be	O
treated	O
with	O
empirical	O
broad	O
spectrum	O
antibiotics	B-CHED
until	O
bacterial	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
can	O
be	O
excluded	O
(	O
Grade	O
1B	O
).	O

Severe	O
malaria	B-PATH
in	O
any	O
trimester	O
of	O
pregnancy	O
should	O
be	O
treated	O
as	O
for	O
any	O
other	O
patient	O
with	O
artesunate	B-CHED
preferred	O
over	O
quinine	B-CHED
(	O
Grade	O
1C	O
).	O

Quinine	B-CHED
with	O
doxycycline	B-CHED
or	O
clindamycin	B-CHED
,	O
or	O
atovaquone	B-CHED
-	O
proguanil	B-CHED
at	O
appropriate	O
doses	O
for	O
weight	O
can	O
also	O
be	O
used	O
.	O

On	O
admission	O
to	O
the	O
ICU	O
,	O
Gram	O
-	O
positive	O
and	O
Gram	O
-	O
negative	O
bacteria	B-SPEC
were	O
found	O
in	O
29	O
.	O
6	O
and	O
26	O
.	O
2	O
%	O
of	O
SARI	O
patients	O
but	O
rarely	O
atypical	O
bacteria	B-SPEC
(	O
1	O
.	O
0	O
%);	O
viruses	B-SPEC
were	O
present	O
in	O
7	O
.	O
7	O
%	O
of	O
patients	O
.	O

We	O
identified	O
several	O
risk	O
factors	O
for	O
in	O
-	O
hospital	O
death	B-PROC
that	O
may	O
be	O
useful	O
for	O
risk	O
stratification	O
in	O
these	O
patients	O
.	O

Bone	B-DISO
marrow	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
,	O
wrist	B-ANAT
fracture	O
,	O
and	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
were	O
reported	O
as	O
unrelated	O
severe	O
adverse	O
events	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Acute	O
respiratory	O
distress	O
syndrome	O
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
is	O
common	O
after	O
traumatic	O
brain	B-ANAT
injury	O
(	O
TBI	O
)	O
and	O
is	O
associated	O
with	O
worse	O
neurologic	O
outcomes	O
and	O
longer	O
hospitalization	O
.	O

Regression	O
analyses	O
were	O
used	O
to	O
test	O
the	O
association	O
between	O
predictors	O
of	O
interest	O
and	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

Patients	O
with	O
ARDS	B-DISO
had	O
significantly	O
worse	O
clinical	O
outcomes	O
measured	O
at	O
28	O
days	O
,	O
including	O
longer	O
median	O
intensive	O
care	O
unit	O
and	O
hospital	O
stays	O
(	O
4	O
days	O
vs	O
.	O
13	O
days	O
,	O
p	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
001	O
,	O
and	O
7	O
.	O
5	O
days	O
vs	O
.	O
14	O
.	O
5	O
days	O
,	O
p	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
001	O
,	O
respectively	O
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
S1	B-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
-	O
based	O
phylogeny	O
of	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
:	O
An	O
attempt	O
to	O
harmonize	O
virus	B-SPEC
classification	O
.	O

The	O
adoption	O
of	O
an	O
internationally	O
accepted	O
viral	O
nomenclature	O
is	O
crucial	O
for	O
future	O
studies	O
of	O
IBV	B-SPEC
epidemiology	O
and	O
evolution	B-PROC
,	O
and	O
the	O
classification	O
scheme	O
presented	O
here	O
can	O
be	O
updated	O
and	O
revised	O
novel	O
S1	O
sequences	O
should	O
become	O
available	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Gene	O
control	O
of	O
tyrosine	B-PRGE
kinase	I-PRGE
TIE2	I-PRGE
and	O
vascular	B-ANAT
manifestations	O
of	O
infections	B-DISO
.	O

Forced	O
Tie2	B-PRGE
suppression	B-DISO
sufficed	O
to	O
attenuate	O
barrier	O
function	O
and	O
sensitize	O
endothelium	B-ANAT
to	O
permeability	O
mediators	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
As	O
of	O
13	O
November	O
2015	O
,	O
1618	O
laboratory	O
-	O
confirmed	O
human	O
cases	O
of	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
infection	B-DISO
,	O
including	O
579	O
deaths	B-PROC
,	O
had	O
been	O
reported	O
to	O
the	O
World	O
Health	O
Organization	O
.	O

We	O
were	O
able	O
to	O
obtain	O
viable	O
chimeras	O
containing	O
the	O
entire	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
M	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
as	O
well	O
as	O
mutants	O
with	O
intramolecular	O
substitutions	O
that	O
partitioned	O
M	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
at	O
the	O
boundaries	O
between	O
the	O
ectodomain	O
,	O
transmembrane	B-COMP
domains	O
,	O
or	O
endodomain	O
.	O

Unlike	O
its	O
antiviral	B-CHED
actions	O
against	O
positive	O
-	O
strand	O
RNA	O
viruses	B-SPEC
,	O
the	O
anti	O
-	O
influenza	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
activity	O
of	O
TRIM56	B-PRGE
was	O
independent	O
of	O
the	O
E3	B-PRGE
ligase	I-PRGE
activity	O
.	O

Extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenation	B-PROC
is	O
used	O
as	O
life	O
support	O
for	O
lung	B-ANAT
impairment	B-DISO
resulting	O
from	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

More	O
PKH26	O
-	O
labeled	O
type	O
II	O
alveolar	B-ANAT
epithelial	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
were	O
detected	O
by	O
fluorescence	O
in	O
the	O
lungs	B-ANAT
of	O
ALI	O
-	O
EC	O
-	O
T	O
than	O
in	O
CON	O
-	O
EC	O
-	O
T	O
as	O
further	O
verified	O
by	O
the	O
expression	B-PROC
of	O
messenger	B-CHED
RNA	I-CHED
of	O
sex	O
-	O
determining	O
region	O
of	O
Y	B-COMP
chromosome	I-COMP
.	O

Electromicroscopically	O
intact	O
type	O
II	O
alveolar	B-ANAT
epithelial	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
and	O
prominent	O
lattice	O
-	O
like	O
tubular	O
myelin	B-COMP
were	O
also	O
found	O
in	O
ALI	O
-	O
EC	O
-	O
T	O
and	O
CON	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
MV	I-PRGE
but	O
not	O
in	O
ALI	O
-	O
EC	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
As	O
of	O
June	O
19	O
,	O
2015	O
,	O
the	O
World	O
Health	O
Organization	O
had	O
received	O
1	O
,	O
338	O
notifications	O
of	O
laboratory	O
-	O
confirmed	O
infection	O
with	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
).	O

We	O
describe	O
an	O
acute	O
,	O
severe	O
,	O
life	O
-	O
threatening	O
,	O
inflammatory	B-DISO
reaction	I-DISO
in	O
a	O
child	O
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
Our	O
case	O
highlights	O
the	O
importance	O
of	O
careful	O
monitoring	O
of	O
children	O
following	O
zoledronic	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
therapy	O
.	O

Acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
is	O
the	O
most	O
severe	O
form	O
within	O
the	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
complications	I-DISO
of	O
malaria	B-PATH
,	O
with	O
high	O
mortality	O
despite	O
proper	O
management	O
.	O

Here	O
,	O
we	O
investigated	O
the	O
role	O
of	O
bats	B-SPEC
as	O
a	O
potential	O
reservoir	O
for	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
.	O
In	O
vitro	O
,	O
the	O
MERS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
spike	I-PRGE
glycoprotein	I-PRGE
interacted	O
with	O
Jamaican	O
fruit	O
bat	B-ENZY
(	O
Artibeus	B-SPEC
jamaicensis	I-SPEC
)	O
dipeptidyl	B-PRGE
peptidase	I-PRGE
4	I-PRGE
(	O
DPP4	B-PRGE
)	O
receptor	O
and	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
replicated	O
efficiently	O
in	O
Jamaican	O
fruit	O
bat	B-ENZY
cells	B-COMP
,	O
suggesting	O
there	O
is	O
no	O
restriction	O
at	O
the	O
receptor	O
or	O
cellular	B-COMP
level	O
for	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
.	O
To	O
shed	O
light	O
on	O
the	O
intrinsic	O
host	B-COMP
-	O
virus	B-SPEC
relationship	O
,	O
we	O
inoculated	O
10	O
Jamaican	O
fruit	O
bats	B-SPEC
with	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
.	O
Although	O
all	O
bats	B-SPEC
showed	O
evidence	O
of	O
infection	B-DISO
,	O
none	O
of	O
the	O
bats	B-SPEC
showed	O
clinical	O
signs	O
of	O
disease	O
.	O

In	O
addition	O
,	O
effusion	B-DISO
samples	O
were	O
stained	O
with	O
haematoxylin	B-CHED
and	O
eosin	O
and	O
evaluated	O
cytologically	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Among	O
the	O
fire	O
victims	O
,	O
respiratory	O
tract	O
injury	O
resulted	O
from	O
smoke	O
inhalation	B-PROC
is	O
the	O
major	O
cause	O
of	O
death	B-PROC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Acute	O
hypercapnic	O
respiratory	O
failure	O
is	O
mostly	O
seen	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
chronic	B-DISO
obstructive	I-DISO
pulmonary	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
(	O
COPD	B-DISO
)	O
and	O
obesity	B-DISO
hypoventilation	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
OHS	B-DISO
).	O

Presentation	O
of	O
the	O
current	O
knowledge	O
on	O
indications	O
and	O
management	O
of	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
hypercapnic	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
The	O
use	O
of	O
NIV	O
is	O
the	O
predominant	O
treatment	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
hypercapnic	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
but	O
close	O
monitoring	O
is	O
necessary	O
in	O
order	B-SPEC
not	O
to	O
miss	O
the	O
indications	O
for	O
intubation	O
and	O
invasive	O
ventilation	O
.	O

The	O
period	O
prevalence	O
of	O
mild	O
ARDS	B-DISO
was	O
30	O
.	O
0	O
%	O
(	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
,	O
28	O
.	O
2	O
%-	O
31	O
.	O
9	O
%);	O
of	O
moderate	O
ARDS	B-DISO
,	O
46	O
.	O
6	O
%	O
(	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
,	O
44	O
.	O
5	O
%-	O
48	O
.	O
6	O
%);	O
and	O
of	O
severe	O
ARDS	B-DISO
,	O
23	O
.	O
4	O
%	O
(	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
,	O
21	O
.	O
7	O
%-	O
25	O
.	O
2	O
%).	O

ARDS	B-DISO
represented	O
0	O
.	O
42	O
cases	O
per	O
ICU	O
bed	B-DISO
over	O
4	O
weeks	O
and	O
represented	O
10	O
.	O
4	O
%	O
(	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
,	O
10	O
.	O
0	O
%-	O
10	O
.	O
7	O
%)	O
of	O
ICU	O
admissions	O
and	O
23	O
.	O
4	O
%	O
of	O
patients	O
requiring	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
.	O

Prone	O
positioning	O
was	O
used	O
in	O
16	O
.	O
3	O
%	O
(	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
,	O
13	O
.	O
7	O
%-	O
19	O
.	O
2	O
%)	O
of	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

Hospital	O
mortality	O
was	O
34	O
.	O
9	O
%	O
(	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
,	O
31	O
.	O
4	O
%-	O
38	O
.	O
5	O
%)	O
for	O
those	O
with	O
mild	O
,	O
40	O
.	O
3	O
%	O
(	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
,	O
37	O
.	O
4	O
%-	O
43	O
.	O
3	O
%)	O
for	O
those	O
with	O
moderate	O
,	O
and	O
46	O
.	O
1	O
%	O
(	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
,	O
41	O
.	O
9	O
%-	O
50	O
.	O
4	O
%)	O
for	O
those	O
with	O
severe	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Severe	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
is	O
a	O
dangerous	O
infection	B-DISO
with	O
pandemic	O
potential	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Awake	O
extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenation	B-PROC
in	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
postoperative	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

Increased	O
reactive	B-CHED
oxygen	I-CHED
species	I-CHED
(	O
ROS	B-CHED
)	O
generated	O
by	O
neutrophils	B-ANAT
(	O
PMNs	O
)	O
and	O
other	O
inflammatory	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
play	O
an	O
important	O
role	O
in	O
increasing	O
endothelial	B-ANAT
permeability	O
.	O

As	O
cornerstones	O
of	O
pain	O
and	O
wound	B-PROC
healing	I-PROC
,	O
pro	B-CHED
-	O
inflammatory	O
mediators	O
may	O
be	O
utilized	O
for	O
insight	O
into	O
both	O
processes	O
.	O

For	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
analgesics	O
,	O
these	O
aberrations	O
can	O
significantly	O
alter	O
the	O
potential	O
efficacy	O
and	O
/	O
or	O
adverse	B-DISO
effects	I-DISO
of	O
a	O
prescribed	O
analgesic	B-CHED
following	O
burn	O
trauma	O
.	O

The	O
prototype	O
strain	O
exhibited	O
weaker	O
sugar	O
-	O
binding	B-PROC
activity	I-PROC
compared	O
with	O
the	O
variant	O
field	O
isolate	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Comparison	O
of	O
lentiviruses	O
pseudotyped	O
with	O
S	O
proteins	B-CHED
from	O
coronaviruses	O
and	O
cell	B-COMP
tropisms	B-PROC
of	O
porcine	O
coronaviruses	O
.	O

Different	O
coronaviruses	O
interact	O
with	O
their	O
specific	O
receptors	O
to	O
enter	O
host	B-COMP
cells	B-COMP
.	O

CCL94	O
(	O
cat	B-SPEC
kidney	B-ANAT
)	O
cells	B-COMP
could	O
be	O
infected	O
efficiently	O
by	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
but	O
not	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
.	O

In	O
light	O
of	O
the	O
broad	O
antiviral	B-CHED
activity	O
of	O
β	O
-	O
defensins	B-PATH
,	O
we	O
tested	O
the	O
antiviral	B-CHED
activity	O
of	O
11	O
peptides	B-CHED
derived	O
from	O
mouse	B-PRGE
β	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
defensin	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
4	I-PRGE
and	O
found	O
that	O
a	O
short	O
peptide	B-CHED
,	O
P9	O
,	O
exhibited	O
potent	O
and	O
broad	O
-	O
spectrum	O
antiviral	B-CHED
effects	O
against	O
multiple	O
respiratory	O
viruses	B-SPEC
in	O
vitro	O
and	O
in	O
vivo	O
,	O
including	O
influenza	B-SPEC
A	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
H1N1	O
,	O
H3N2	B-CHED
,	O
H5N1	B-DISO
,	O
H7N7	O
,	O
H7N9	O
,	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
and	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
.	O
The	O
antiviral	B-CHED
activity	O
of	O
P9	O
was	O
attributed	O
to	O
its	O
high	O
-	O
affinity	O
binding	B-FUNC
to	O
viral	O
glycoproteins	B-CHED
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
the	O
abundance	O
of	O
basic	O
amino	B-CHED
acids	I-CHED
in	O
its	O
composition	O
.	O

After	O
24	O
h	O
,	O
the	O
animals	B-SPEC
with	O
PaO2	O
/	O
FIO2	O
between	O
200	O
and	O
300	O
mmHg	O
were	O
randomized	O
into	O
2	O
groups	O
:	O
prone	O
position	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
6	O
)	O
and	O
supine	O
position	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
6	O
).	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
evaluate	O
the	O
safety	O
and	O
effectiveness	O
of	O
a	O
novel	O
therapeutic	O
regimen	O
for	O
bronchiolitis	B-DISO
obliterans	I-DISO
sydrome	O
(	O
BOS	B-DISO
)	O
affter	O
hematopoietic	B-ANAT
stem	I-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
transplantation	O
(	O
HSCT	O
).	O

They	O
received	O
weekly	O
intravenous	O
injection	O
of	O
umbilical	B-ANAT
cord	I-ANAT
-	O
derived	O
mesenchymal	B-ANAT
stem	I-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
(	O
MSC	O
)	O
at	O
a	O
dose	O
of	O
1	O
×	O
10	O
(	O
6	O
)/	O
kg	O
for	O
4	O
weeks	O
.	O

Methylprednisolone	B-CHED
was	O
given	O
at	O
a	O
dose	O
of	O
1	O
mg	O
/(	O
kg	O
·	O
d	O
)	O
for	O
2	O
weeks	O
when	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
occured	O
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
MSC	O
combined	O
with	O
budesonide	B-CHED
,	O
almeterol	O
and	O
azithromycin	B-CHED
has	O
been	O
confirmed	O
to	O
be	O
generally	O
safe	O
and	O
can	O
reduce	O
the	O
dose	O
of	O
glucocorticoid	B-CHED
in	O
treatment	O
of	O
BOS	B-DISO
after	O
HSCT	O
.	O

After	O
this	O
new	O
definition	O
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
,	O
each	O
treatment	O
to	O
the	O
patients	O
with	O
ARDS	B-DISO
should	O
be	O
considered	O
,	O
depending	O
on	O
the	O
severity	O
of	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
prone	O
position	O
to	O
the	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
ARDS	B-DISO
,	O
muscle	B-ANAT
paralysis	O
to	O
the	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
study	O
aimed	O
to	O
investigate	O
the	O
genetic	O
diversity	O
,	O
temporal	O
distribution	O
,	O
population	O
history	O
and	O
clinical	O
symptoms	O
of	O
betacoronavirus	B-SPEC
infections	B-DISO
in	O
Kuala	O
Lumpur	O
,	O
Malaysia	O
between	O
2012	O
and	O
2013	O
.	O

Phylogenetic	O
analysis	O
of	O
the	O
spike	O
gene	O
showed	O
that	O
the	O
majority	O
of	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
OC43	I-SPEC
isolates	O
were	O
grouped	O
into	O
two	O
previously	O
undefined	O
genotypes	O
,	O
provisionally	O
assigned	O
as	O
novel	O
lineage	O
1	O
and	O
novel	O
lineage	O
2	O
.	O

We	O
report	O
on	O
the	O
homology	O
modeling	O
,	O
molecular	B-PROC
dynamics	I-PROC
simulation	O
,	O
and	O
docking	B-PROC
studies	O
to	O
explain	O
the	O
structure	O
-	O
function	O
relationship	O
and	O
the	O
interaction	O
mechanism	O
.	O

Data	O
from	O
the	O
GO	O
analysis	O
indicated	O
that	O
the	O
target	O
genes	O
of	O
ribavirin	B-CHED
and	O
interferon	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
α	I-PRGE
as	O
well	O
as	O
the	O
genes	O
from	O
the	O
microarray	O
were	O
mainly	O
enriched	O
in	O
10	O
biological	B-PROC
processes	I-PROC
,	O
including	O
cellular	B-COMP
process	B-PROC
,	I-PROC
metabolic	I-PROC
process	B-PROC
,	I-PROC
immune	I-PROC
system	I-PROC
process	O
and	O
biological	B-PROC
regulation	I-PROC
,	O
et	O
al	O
.	O
Data	O
on	O
drug	O
target	O
genes	O
,	O
first	O
and	O
second	O
cluster	O
of	O
microarray	O
would	O
involve	O
9	O
,	O
3	O
and	O
23	O
signaling	B-PROC
pathways	B-PROC
respectively	O
,	O
and	O
only	O
the	O
former	O
two	O
showed	O
7	O
common	O
pathways	B-PROC
,	O
which	O
were	O
related	O
to	O
pathogen	O
recognition	O
,	O
cytokine	O
release	B-PATH
and	O
autoimmune	B-DISO
response	I-DISO
.	O

Thus	O
,	O
this	O
retrospective	O
approach	O
yielded	O
valuable	O
data	O
on	O
the	O
presence	O
,	O
absence	O
and	O
prevalence	O
of	O
certain	O
respiratory	O
pathogens	O
in	O
dogs	B-SPEC
with	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
.	O

Further	O
studies	O
are	O
necessary	O
to	O
characterize	O
the	O
role	O
and	O
/	O
or	O
clinical	O
significance	O
of	O
sVCAM	O
-	O
1	O
and	O
other	O
endothelial	B-ANAT
activation	O
markers	O
present	O
in	O
the	O
alveolar	B-ANAT
space	O
in	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
An	O
efficient	O
public	O
health	O
preparedness	O
and	O
response	O
plan	B-DISO
for	O
infectious	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
management	O
is	O
important	O
in	O
recent	O
times	O
when	O
emerging	O
and	O
exotic	O
diseases	O
that	O
hitherto	O
were	O
not	O
common	O
have	O
surfaced	O
in	O
countries	O
with	O
potential	O
to	O
spread	O
outside	O
borders	O
.	O

In	O
this	O
paper	O
we	O
share	O
our	O
experiences	O
in	O
recent	O
infectious	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
outbreak	O
investigations	O
as	O
a	O
reference	O
laboratory	O
within	O
the	O
Ministry	O
of	O
Health	O
infectious	O
disease	O
surveillance	O
network	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
carotid	O
body	O
(	O
CB	O
)	O
is	O
the	O
main	O
peripheral	O
chemoreceptor	B-ANAT
that	O
senses	B-PROC
the	O
arterial	B-ANAT
PO2	B-PROC
,	O
PCO2	O
and	O
pH	O
.	O
In	O
response	O
to	O
hypoxemia	O
,	O
hypercapnia	B-DISO
and	O
acidosis	B-DISO
,	O
carotid	B-ANAT
chemosensory	O
discharge	B-ANAT
elicits	O
reflex	B-PROC
respiratory	O
,	O
autonomic	B-ANAT
and	O
cardiovascular	B-ANAT
adjustments	O
.	O

The	O
fatal	O
outbreak	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
and	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
(	O
MERS	O
)	O
highlights	O
the	O
threat	O
posed	O
by	O
this	O
unique	O
virus	B-SPEC
subfamily	B-SPEC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
We	O
conducted	O
a	O
six	O
-	O
year	O
epidemiological	O
study	O
on	O
human	O
coronaviruses	O
(	O
HCoVs	O
)	O
circulating	O
in	O
Hong	O
Kong	O
,	O
using	O
8275	O
nasopharyngeal	B-ANAT
samples	O
from	O
patients	O
with	O
acute	O
respiratory	B-DISO
tract	I-DISO
infections	I-DISO
.	O

HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
229E	I-SPEC
mainly	O
occurred	O
in	O
winter	O
and	O
spring	O
,	O
while	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
NL63	I-SPEC
was	O
predominant	O
in	O
summer	O
and	O
autumn	O
.	O

The	O
expression	B-PROC
of	O
mRNAs	O
encoding	O
Toll	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
like	I-PRGE
receptor	I-PRGE
(	I-PRGE
TLR	I-PRGE
)	I-PRGE
3	I-PRGE
and	O
TLR7	B-PRGE
were	O
upregulated	O
at	O
3	O
-	O
8	O
dpi	O
,	O
and	O
that	O
of	O
TIR	O
-	O
domain	O
-	O
containing	O
adapter	O
-	O
inducing	O
interferon	B-PRGE
(	O
IFN	O
)	O
β	O
(	O
TRIF	B-PRGE
)	O
was	O
upregulated	O
at	O
21	O
dpi	O
in	O
the	O
trachea	B-DISO
and	O
kidney	B-ANAT
.	O

Moreover	O
,	O
melanoma	B-PATH
differentiation	B-PROC
-	O
associated	O
protein	B-CHED
5	O
(	O
MDA5	O
),	O
laboratory	B-PRGE
of	I-PRGE
genetics	I-PRGE
and	I-PRGE
physiology	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
(	O
LGP2	B-PRGE
),	O
stimulator	O
of	O
IFN	B-PRGE
genes	O
(	O
STING	B-PRGE
),	O
and	O
mitochondrial	B-COMP
antiviral	B-CHED
signaling	B-PROC
protein	B-CHED
(	O
MAVS	O
),	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
TANK	B-PRGE
binding	I-PRGE
kinase	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
(	O
TBK1	B-FUNC
),	O
inhibitor	B-PRGE
of	I-PRGE
kappaB	B-PRGE
kinase	I-PRGE
(	I-PRGE
IKK	I-PRGE
)	I-PRGE
ε	I-PRGE
,	O
IKKα	O
,	O
IKKβ	O
,	O
IFN	B-PRGE
regulatory	I-PRGE
factor	I-PRGE
(	I-PRGE
IRF	I-PRGE
)	I-PRGE
7	I-PRGE
,	O
nuclear	B-PRGE
factor	I-PRGE
of	I-PRGE
kappaB	I-PRGE
(	O
NF	O
-	O
ĸB	O
),	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
α	I-PRGE
,	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
β	I-PRGE
,	O
various	O
interleukins	B-PRGE
(	I-PRGE
ILs	I-PRGE
),	I-PRGE
and	I-PRGE
macrophage	B-ANAT
inflammatory	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
-	I-PRGE
1β	I-PRGE
(	O
MIP	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
1β	I-PRGE
)	O
were	O
significantly	O
upregulated	O
in	O
the	O
trachea	B-DISO
and	O
downregulated	O
in	O
the	O
kidney	B-ANAT
.	O

A	O
60	O
-	O
year	O
-	O
old	O
man	B-CHED
presented	O
with	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
and	O
congestive	B-DISO
heart	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
.	O

The	O
serum	B-COMP
creatinine	B-CHED
level	O
was	O
found	O
mildly	O
elevated	O
.	O

Sputum	B-ANAT
sample	I-ANAT
was	O
positive	O
for	O
MeRS	O
-	O
CoV	O
.	O
Cardiovascular	B-ANAT
magnetic	O
resonance	O
revealed	O
evidence	O
of	O
acute	B-DISO
myocarditis	I-DISO
.	O

Six	O
hundred	O
ninety	O
-	O
four	O
non	O
-	O
HCWs	O
were	O
tested	O
,	O
of	O
these	O
16	O
tested	O
positive	O
for	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
and	O
their	O
infection	B-DISO
was	O
community	O
acquired	O
.	O

In	O
the	O
data	O
-	O
driven	O
approach	O
,	O
incorporating	O
the	O
ARDS	B-DISO
index	O
(	O
a	O
novel	O
variable	O
incorporating	O
oxygenation	B-PROC
index	O
and	O
estimated	O
dead	B-PROC
space	O
),	O
aspiration	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
change	O
of	O
Pao2	O
/	O
fraction	O
of	O
inspired	B-PROC
oxygen	B-CHED
ratio	O
into	O
a	O
simple	O
prediction	O
model	O
yielded	O
a	O
c	O
-	O
statistic	O
(	O
area	O
under	O
the	O
receiver	O
operating	O
characteristic	O
curve	O
)	O
of	O
0	O
.	O
71	O
in	O
the	O
validation	O
cohort	O
.	O

Our	O
results	O
confirm	O
that	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
input	O
-	O
output	O
flows	O
presented	O
significant	O
geographic	O
spatial	O
heterogeneity	O
and	O
spatial	O
effects	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
):	O
animal	B-SPEC
to	O
human	B-SPEC
interaction	O
.	O

The	O
clinical	O
spectrum	O
of	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
infection	B-DISO
in	O
humans	B-SPEC
ranges	O
from	O
an	O
asymptomatic	O
or	O
mild	O
respiratory	O
illness	O
to	O
severe	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
and	O
multi	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
organ	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
;	O
overall	O
mortality	O
is	O
around	O
35	O
.	O
7	O
%.	O

Clusters	B-CHED
can	O
be	O
readily	O
controlled	O
with	O
implementation	O
of	O
appropriate	O
infection	B-DISO
control	O
procedures	O
.	O

MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
serosurveys	O
are	O
needed	O
to	O
investigate	O
possible	O
unrecognized	O
human	B-SPEC
infections	B-DISO
in	O
Africa	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
largest	O
nosocomial	O
outbreak	O
of	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
(	O
MERS	O
)	O
occurred	O
in	O
South	O
Korea	O
in	O
2015	O
.	O

The	O
epidemiological	O
findings	O
showed	O
that	O
the	O
mean	O
age	O
of	O
MERS	O
-	O
HCP	B-DISO
and	O
total	O
MERS	O
cases	O
were	O
40	O
(	O
24	O
~	O
74	O
)	O
and	O
49	O
(	O
2	O
~	O
90	O
)	O
years	O
,	O
respectively	O
,	O
much	O
older	O
than	O
those	O
in	O
SARS	B-DISO
[	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
HCP	B-DISO
:	O
35	O
(	O
21	O
~	O
68	O
)	O
years	O
,	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
006	O
;	O
total	O
SARS	B-DISO
:	O
42	O
(	O
0	O
~	O
94	O
)	O
years	O
,	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
0002	O
].	O

In	O
terms	O
of	O
clinical	O
period	O
,	O
the	O
days	O
from	O
onset	O
to	O
death	B-PROC
[	O
13	O
(	O
4	O
~	O
17	O
)	O
vs	O
14	O
.	O
5	O
(	O
0	O
~	O
52	O
),	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
045	O
]	O
and	O
to	O
discharge	B-ANAT
[	O
11	O
(	O
5	O
~	O
24	O
)	O
vs	O
24	O
(	O
0	O
~	O
74	O
),	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
010	O
]	O
and	O
be	O
hospitalized	O
days	O
[	O
9	O
.	O
5	O
(	O
3	O
~	O
22	O
)	O
vs	O
22	O
(	O
0	O
~	O
69	O
),	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
040	O
]	O
were	O
much	O
shorter	O
in	O
MERS	O
-	O
HCP	B-DISO
than	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
HCP	B-DISO
.	O

Similarly	O
,	O
days	O
from	O
onset	O
to	O
confirmation	O
were	O
shorter	O
in	O
MERS	O
-	O
HCP	B-DISO
than	O
MERS	O
-	O
non	O
-	O
HCP	B-DISO
[	O
6	O
(	O
1	O
~	O
14	O
)	O
vs	O
10	O
(	O
1	O
~	O
21	O
),	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
044	O
].	O

Thus	O
,	O
prevention	O
of	O
nosocomial	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
involving	O
both	O
novel	B-SPEC
Coronavirus	I-SPEC
is	O
crucially	O
important	O
to	O
protect	O
HCP	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
objectives	O
of	O
this	O
study	O
were	O
to	O
describe	O
healthcare	O
-	O
seeking	O
behaviors	B-PROC
for	O
respiratory	O
illnesses	O
in	O
one	O
rural	O
and	O
one	O
urban	O
community	O
in	O
Western	O
Java	O
,	O
and	O
to	O
explore	O
the	O
factors	O
that	O
affect	O
care	O
seeking	O
.	O

Public	O
health	O
programs	O
targeting	O
respiratory	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
in	O
this	O
region	O
should	O
account	O
for	O
care	O
at	O
private	O
hospitals	O
and	O
clinics	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
illnesses	O
that	O
are	O
treated	O
at	O
home	O
,	O
in	O
order	B-SPEC
to	O
capture	O
the	O
true	O
burden	O
of	O
illness	O
in	O
these	O
communities	O
.	O

We	O
estimated	O
the	O
incidence	O
of	O
ARIs	O
in	O
each	O
community	O
,	O
tested	O
for	O
viruses	B-SPEC
,	O
and	O
determined	O
the	O
proportion	O
of	O
ARIs	O
associated	O
with	O
healthcare	O
visits	O
.	O

We	O
used	O
a	O
rolling	O
cross	O
-	O
sectional	O
design	O
to	O
sample	O
participants	O
,	O
conducted	O
telephone	O
interviews	O
to	O
assess	O
ARI	B-CHED
symptoms	O
(	O
defined	O
as	O
a	O
current	O
illness	O
with	O
feverishness	O
or	O
cough	B-DISO
within	O
the	O
past	O
7	O
days	O
),	O
collected	O
nasal	B-ANAT
/	O
throat	B-ANAT
swabs	O
to	O
identify	O
viruses	B-SPEC
,	O
and	O
extracted	O
healthcare	O
utilization	O
from	O
outpatient	O
/	O
inpatient	O
records	O
.	O

A	O
specific	O
virus	O
was	O
identified	O
in	O
39	O
%	O
of	O
specimens	O
:	O
human	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
(	O
13	O
%	O
of	O
samples	O
),	O
rhinovirus	B-SPEC
(	O
12	O
%),	O
RSV	B-SPEC
(	O
7	O
%),	O
influenza	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
4	O
%),	O
human	B-SPEC
metapneumovirus	I-SPEC
(	O
4	O
%),	O
and	O
adenovirus	B-DISO
(	O
1	O
%).	O

Using	O
extensive	O
multiplex	O
PCR	O
diagnostic	O
data	O
generated	O
by	O
the	O
largest	O
NHS	B-DISO
board	O
in	O
Scotland	O
,	O
we	O
analysed	O
44230	O
patient	O
episodes	O
of	O
respiratory	O
illness	O
that	O
were	O
simultaneously	O
tested	O
for	O
11	O
virus	B-SPEC
groups	O
between	O
2005	O
and	O
2013	O
,	O
spanning	O
the	O
2009	O
influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
pandemic	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Spread	O
of	O
Mutant	B-DISO
Middle	O
East	O
Respiratory	O
Syndrome	B-DISO
Coronavirus	B-SPEC
with	O
Reduced	O
Affinity	O
to	O
Human	B-SPEC
CD26	I-PRGE
during	O
the	O
South	O
Korean	O
Outbreak	O
.	O

This	O
is	O
the	O
first	O
case	O
report	O
reported	O
in	O
Europe	O
that	O
confirms	O
the	O
rare	O
onset	O
of	O
sarcoidosis	B-DISO
as	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

Additionally	O
,	O
lipid	B-COMP
rafts	I-COMP
act	O
as	O
signal	O
platforms	O
for	O
the	O
EGFR	B-FUNC
-	O
associated	O
signaling	B-PROC
cascade	I-PROC
and	O
correlate	O
with	O
the	O
adhesion	B-DISO
of	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
.	O

As	O
the	O
largest	O
known	O
class	B-SPEC
I	O
fusion	O
protein	B-CHED
,	O
its	O
size	O
and	O
extensive	O
glycosylation	B-PROC
have	O
hindered	O
structural	O
studies	O
of	O
the	O
full	O
ectodomain	O
,	O
thus	O
preventing	O
a	O
molecular	O
understanding	O
of	O
its	O
function	O
and	O
limiting	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
effective	O
interventions	O
.	O

In	O
the	O
pre	O
-	O
fusion	O
conformation	O
,	O
the	O
receptor	O
-	O
binding	B-FUNC
subunits	O
,	O
S1	O
,	O
rest	B-FUNC
above	O
the	O
fusion	O
-	O
mediating	O
subunits	O
,	O
S2	O
,	O
preventing	O
their	O
conformational	O
rearrangement	B-PROC
.	O

180	O
-	O
374	O
of	O
the	O
N	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
,	O
but	O
two	O
serum	B-COMP
samples	O
did	O
not	O
a	O
.	O
a	O
.	O

To	O
the	O
best	O
of	O
our	O
knowledge	O
,	O
this	O
is	O
the	O
first	O
reported	O
case	O
of	O
a	O
laboratory	O
-	O
confirmed	O
Middle	O
East	O
Respiratory	O
Syndrome	B-DISO
Coronavirus	B-SPEC
in	O
a	O
pregnant	O
woman	O
.	O

This	O
study	O
was	O
aimed	O
at	O
investigating	O
the	O
prognostic	O
factors	O
for	O
ECMO	O
-	O
treated	O
ARDS	B-DISO
in	O
adult	O
patients	O
.	O

The	O
indication	O
of	O
VV	O
-	O
ECMO	O
was	O
a	O
severe	O
hypoxemia	O
(	O
PaO2	O
/	O
FiO2	O
ratio	O
<	O
70	O
mmHg	O
)	O
under	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
(	O
MV	O
)	O
with	O
a	O
peak	O
inspiratory	B-PROC
pressure	O
(	O
PIP	B-CHED
)	O
>	O
35	O
cmH2O	O
and	O
a	O
FiO2	O
>	O
0	O
.	O
8	O
.	O

A	O
single	O
Black	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
headed	I-SPEC
Gull	I-SPEC
represented	O
the	O
only	O
positive	O
sample	O
from	O
the	O
order	B-SPEC
Charadriiformes	B-SPEC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Hypomagnesaemia	O
in	O
suckler	O
cows	B-SPEC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Hypomagnesaemia	O
in	O
housed	O
and	O
grazing	O
suckler	O
cows	B-SPEC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Prophylaxis	O
With	O
a	O
Middle	O
East	O
Respiratory	O
Syndrome	B-DISO
Coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
)-	O
Specific	O
Human	B-SPEC
Monoclonal	O
Antibody	O
Protects	O
Rabbits	B-SPEC
From	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
Infection	B-DISO
.	O

We	O
examined	O
the	O
in	O
vivo	O
efficacy	O
of	O
the	O
human	B-PRGE
monoclonal	I-PRGE
antibody	B-COMP
m336	I-PRGE
,	O
which	O
has	O
high	O
neutralizing	O
activity	O
against	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
in	O
vitro	O
.	O

An	O
antibody	B-PROC
response	I-PROC
against	O
IBV	B-SPEC
was	O
detectable	O
and	O
the	O
ratio	O
of	O
CD4	B-PRGE
(+)/	O
CD8	B-PRGE
(+)	O
T	B-ANAT
-	I-ANAT
lymphocytes	I-ANAT
decreased	O
at	O
7	O
days	O
post	O
-	O
vaccination	O
in	O
each	O
vaccinated	O
group	O
,	O
suggesting	O
that	O
humoral	O
and	O
cellular	B-COMP
responses	O
were	O
elicited	O
in	O
each	O
group	O
as	O
early	O
as	O
7	O
days	O
post	O
-	O
immunization	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Because	O
HIV	O
-	O
1	O
reverse	B-PRGE
transcriptase	I-PRGE
is	O
an	O
enzyme	O
whose	O
catalytic	B-FUNC
activity	I-FUNC
depends	O
on	O
its	O
heterodimeric	O
structure	O
,	O
this	O
system	O
could	O
be	O
a	O
target	O
for	O
inhibitors	B-CHED
that	O
perturb	O
the	O
interactions	O
between	O
the	O
protein	B-CHED
subunits	O
,	O
p51	B-PRGE
and	O
p66	B-PRGE
.	O

In	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
some	O
analogues	O
of	O
MAS0	O
were	O
rationally	O
selected	O
by	O
docking	B-PROC
studies	O
and	O
evaluated	O
in	O
vitro	O
for	O
their	O
ability	O
to	O
disrupt	O
dimeric	O
assembly	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
In	O
2013	O
,	O
U	O
.	O
S	O
.	O
swine	B-SPEC
producers	O
were	O
confronted	O
with	O
the	O
disruptive	O
emergence	O
of	O
porcine	B-SPEC
epidemic	B-DISO
diarrhoea	I-DISO
(	O
PED	O
).	O

Unfortunately	O
,	O
there	O
are	O
currently	O
no	O
effective	O
antiviral	B-CHED
therapy	O
to	O
contain	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
NL63	I-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Guillain	O
-	O
Barré	O
Syndrome	B-DISO
outbreak	O
associated	O
with	O
Zika	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
infection	O
in	O
French	O
Polynesia	O
:	O
a	O
case	O
-	O
control	O
study	O
.	O

39	O
(	O
93	O
%)	O
patients	O
with	O
Guillain	O
-	O
Barré	O
syndrome	B-DISO
had	O
Zika	B-PRGE
virus	I-PRGE
IgM	I-PRGE
and	O
37	O
(	O
88	O
%)	O
had	O
experienced	O
a	O
transient	O
illness	O
in	O
a	O
median	O
of	O
6	O
days	O
(	O
IQR	O
4	O
-	O
10	O
)	O
before	O
the	O
onset	O
of	O
neurological	B-DISO
symptoms	I-DISO
,	O
suggesting	O
recent	O
Zika	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
infection	O
.	O

No	O
patients	O
died	B-PROC
.	O

Anti	O
-	O
glycolipid	B-CHED
antibody	B-PROC
activity	I-PROC
was	O
found	O
in	O
13	O
(	O
31	O
%)	O
patients	O
,	O
and	O
notably	O
against	O
GA1	B-CHED
in	O
eight	O
(	O
19	O
%)	O
patients	O
,	O
by	O
ELISA	O
and	O
19	O
(	O
46	O
%)	O
of	O
41	O
by	O
glycoarray	O
at	O
admission	O
.	O

Past	O
dengue	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
history	O
did	O
not	O
differ	O
significantly	O
between	O
patients	O
with	O
Guillain	O
-	O
Barré	O
syndrome	B-DISO
and	O
those	O
in	O
the	O
two	O
control	O
groups	O
(	O
95	O
%,	O
89	O
%,	O
and	O
83	O
%,	O
respectively	O
).	O

This	O
is	O
the	O
first	O
study	O
providing	O
evidence	O
for	O
Zika	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
infection	O
causing	O
Guillain	O
-	O
Barré	O
syndrome	B-DISO
.	O

After	O
establishment	O
of	O
mice	B-SPEC
model	O
,	O
we	O
observed	O
the	O
clinical	O
signs	O
of	O
disease	B-DISO
,	I-DISO
virus	I-DISO
replication	O
,	O
immunopathogenesis	O
and	O
antibody	B-PROC
response	I-PROC
.	O

The	O
results	O
indicated	O
that	O
the	O
infected	O
mice	B-SPEC
showed	O
typical	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
,	O
virus	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
,	O
histological	O
lesions	O
,	O
and	O
neutralizing	O
antibody	B-PROC
production	I-PROC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Glycopeptide	B-CHED
Antibiotics	B-CHED
Potently	O
Inhibit	O
Cathepsin	B-ENZY
L	I-ENZY
in	O
the	O
Late	B-COMP
Endosome	I-COMP
/	O
Lysosome	B-COMP
and	O
Block	O
the	O
Entry	O
of	O
Ebola	O
Virus	O
,	O
Middle	O
East	O
Respiratory	O
Syndrome	B-DISO
Coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
),	O
and	O
Severe	B-DISO
Acute	I-DISO
Respiratory	I-DISO
Syndrome	I-DISO
Coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
).	O

The	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
additional	O
effective	O
anti	O
-	O
Ebola	O
therapeutic	O
agents	O
is	O
therefore	O
quite	O
urgent	O
.	O

Mechanistic	O
studies	O
showed	O
that	O
teicoplanin	O
blocks	O
Ebola	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
entry	O
by	O
specifically	O
inhibiting	O
the	O
activity	O
of	O
cathepsin	B-PRGE
L	I-PRGE
,	O
opening	O
a	O
novel	O
avenue	O
for	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
additional	O
glycopeptides	B-CHED
as	O
potential	O
inhibitors	B-CHED
of	O
cathepsin	B-PRGE
L	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
dependent	O
viruses	B-SPEC
.	O

Genotype	O
-	O
specific	O
primers	O
,	O
combined	O
with	O
a	O
generic	O
probe	O
targeted	B-PROC
to	O
the	O
S1	B-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
,	O
originated	O
Mass	O
RT	O
-	O
qPCR	O
and	O
BR	O
RT	O
-	O
qPCR	O
-	O
specific	O
assays	O
.	O

Analytical	O
sensitivity	O
and	O
linearity	O
of	O
these	O
assays	O
were	O
determined	O
in	O
comparison	O
with	O
an	O
IBV	B-SPEC
generic	O
real	O
-	O
time	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
5	O
'	O
untranslated	O
region	O
(	O
5	O
'	O
UTR	O
RT	O
-	O
qPCR	O
).	O

In	O
the	O
remaining	O
55	O
samples	O
,	O
25	O
were	O
positive	O
only	O
for	O
5	B-PRGE
'	I-PRGE
UTR	I-PRGE
RT	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
qPCR	I-PRGE
and	O
30	O
were	O
negative	O
for	O
the	O
three	O
assays	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Memory	B-PROC
T	B-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
responses	O
targeting	B-PROC
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
persist	O
up	O
to	O
11	O
years	O
post	O
-	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Severe	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
is	O
a	O
highly	O
contagious	O
infectious	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
which	O
first	O
emerged	O
in	O
late	O
2002	O
,	O
caused	O
by	O
a	O
then	O
novel	O
human	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
,	O
SARS	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
).	O

Furthermore	O
,	O
these	O
responses	O
were	O
found	O
to	O
persist	O
up	O
to	O
11	O
years	O
post	O
-	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

These	O
patients	O
were	O
planned	O
to	O
ventilate	O
in	O
prone	O
for	O
16	O
h	O
and	O
in	O
supine	O
for	O
8	O
h	O
daily	O
until	O
P	O
/	O
F	O
ratio	O
>	O
150	O
with	O
FiO2	O
of	O
0	O
.	O
6	O
or	O
less	O
and	O
positive	O
end	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
expiratory	I-PROC
pressure	O
<	O
10	O
cm	O
of	O
H2	O
O	O
.	O
At	O
admission	O
,	O
among	O
these	O
six	O
patients	O
the	O
mean	O
tidal	O
volume	O
generated	O
was	O
about	O
376	O
.	O
6	O
ml	O
which	O
was	O
in	O
the	O
range	O
of	O
6	O
-	O
8	O
ml	O
/	O
kg	O
predicted	O
body	B-ANAT
weight	O
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
Early	O
prone	O
combined	O
with	O
ACPC	O
-	O
IRV	B-PROC
in	O
H1N1	O
patients	O
having	O
severe	O
ARDS	B-DISO
can	O
be	O
used	O
as	O
a	O
rescue	O
therapy	O
and	O
it	O
should	O
be	O
confirmed	O
by	O
large	O
observational	O
studies	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Thinking	O
Outside	O
the	O
Triangle	O
:	O
Replication	O
Fidelity	O
of	O
the	O
Largest	O
RNA	O
Viruses	B-SPEC
.	O

In	O
this	O
review	O
we	O
compare	O
the	O
fidelity	O
of	O
small	O
RNA	O
viruses	B-SPEC
with	O
that	O
of	O
the	O
largest	O
RNA	O
viruses	B-SPEC
,	O
the	O
coronaviruses	O
.	O

The	O
engagement	O
of	O
glycans	B-CHED
facilitates	O
attachment	O
and	O
entry	O
and	O
,	O
consequently	O
,	O
is	O
often	O
a	O
key	O
determinant	O
of	O
the	O
host	B-COMP
range	O
,	O
tissue	B-PROC
tropism	B-PROC
,	O
pathogenicity	O
,	O
and	O
transmissibility	O
of	O
viruses	B-SPEC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Coronavirus	B-SPEC
Host	B-COMP
Range	O
Expansion	O
and	O
Middle	O
East	O
Respiratory	O
Syndrome	B-DISO
Coronavirus	B-SPEC
Emergence	O
:	O
Biochemical	O
Mechanisms	O
and	O
Evolutionary	O
Perspectives	O
.	O

We	O
discuss	O
biochemical	O
determinants	O
mediating	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
host	O
cell	O
permissivity	O
,	O
including	O
virus	B-SPEC
spike	O
interactions	O
with	O
the	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
cell	B-COMP
surface	I-COMP
receptor	O
dipeptidyl	B-PRGE
peptidase	I-PRGE
4	I-PRGE
(	O
DPP4	B-PRGE
),	O
and	O
evolutionary	O
mechanisms	O
that	O
may	O
facilitate	O
host	B-COMP
range	O
expansion	O
,	O
including	O
recombination	B-PROC
,	O
mutator	O
alleles	O
,	O
and	O
mutational	O
robustness	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Continuous	O
and	O
Discontinuous	O
RNA	B-PROC
Synthesis	I-PROC
in	O
Coronaviruses	O
.	O

Crude	O
30	O
-	O
day	O
mortality	O
was	O
16	O
.	O
1	O
%	O
(	O
N	O
=	O
342	O
,	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
14	O
.	O
5	O
-	O
17	O
.	O
7	O
%);	O
37	O
.	O
5	O
%	O
(	O
N	O
=	O
24	O
,	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
25	O
.	O
7	O
-	O
50	O
.	O
5	O
%)	O
for	O
hypothermic	O
patients	O
,	O
18	O
.	O
3	O
%	O
(	O
N	O
=	O
223	O
,	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
16	O
.	O
2	O
-	O
20	O
.	O
6	O
%)	O
for	O
normothermic	O
patients	O
and	O
11	O
.	O
2	O
%	O
(	O
N	O
=	O
95	O
,	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
9	O
.	O
2	O
-	O
13	O
.	O
5	O
%)	O
for	O
patients	O
with	O
fever	B-PROC
.	O

Compared	O
to	O
normothermic	O
patients	O
,	O
the	O
adjusted	O
hazard	O
ratio	O
of	O
30	O
-	O
day	O
mortality	O
among	O
hypothermic	O
patients	O
was	O
1	O
.	O
62	O
(	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
1	O
.	O
06	O
-	O
2	O
.	O
49	O
)	O
and	O
0	O
.	O
74	O
(	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
0	O
.	O
58	O
-	O
0	O
.	O
94	O
)	O
among	O
patients	O
with	O
fever	B-PROC
.	O

Protecting	O
the	O
blood	B-PROC
supply	I-PROC
from	O
emerging	O
infectious	B-DISO
threats	O
remains	O
a	O
serious	O
concern	O
in	O
the	O
transfusion	O
medicine	B-CHED
community	O
.	O

Transfusion	O
services	O
can	O
employ	O
indirect	O
measures	O
such	O
as	O
surveillance	O
,	O
hemovigilance	O
,	O
and	O
donor	B-CHED
questioning	O
(	O
defense	O
),	O
protein	B-CHED
-,	O
or	O
nucleic	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
based	O
direct	O
testing	O
(	O
detection	O
),	O
or	O
pathogen	O
inactivation	B-DISO
of	O
blood	B-ANAT
products	O
(	O
destruction	O
)	O
as	O
strategies	O
to	O
mitigate	O
the	O
risk	O
of	O
transmission	O
-	O
transmitted	B-DISO
infection	B-DISO
.	O

We	O
found	O
that	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
shared	O
30	O
%	O
of	O
its	O
S	O
protein	B-CHED
antigenic	O
sites	O
with	O
HKU4	O
and	O
70	O
%	O
with	O
HKU5	B-PRGE
bat	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
.	O
Whereas	O
100	O
%	O
of	O
its	O
E	O
,	O
M	O
and	O
N	O
protein	B-CHED
'	O
s	O
antigenic	O
sites	O
are	O
found	O
to	O
be	O
conserved	O
with	O
those	O
in	O
HKU4	O
and	O
HKU5	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Multiple	O
sequence	O
alignment	O
of	O
the	O
spike	O
(	O
S	O
),	O
membrane	B-COMP
(	O
M	O
),	O
enveloped	O
(	O
E	O
)	O
and	O
nucleocapsid	B-COMP
(	O
N	O
)	O
proteins	B-CHED
was	O
employed	O
to	O
identify	O
the	O
sequence	O
conservation	O
among	O
MERS	O
and	O
Bat	B-PRGE
(	O
HKU4	O
,	O
HKU5	O
)	O
coronaviruses	O
.	O

The	O
child	O
presented	O
with	O
cough	B-DISO
,	O
loose	B-DISO
stools	I-DISO
,	O
breathing	B-DISO
difficulty	I-DISO
,	O
and	O
listlessness	B-DISO
.	O

Child	O
was	O
diagnosed	O
as	O
GBS	B-DISO
and	O
treated	O
with	O
intravenous	O
immunoglobulin	B-PROC
.	O

We	O
did	O
a	O
retrospective	O
cross	O
-	O
sectional	O
multicenter	O
study	O
in	O
Turkey	B-SPEC
to	O
explore	O
the	O
range	O
of	O
infections	B-DISO
among	O
inpatients	O
who	O
had	O
recently	O
returned	O
from	O
the	O
Arabian	O
Peninsula	O
.	O

P	O
generation	O
cats	B-SPEC
produced	O
57	O
first	O
filial	O
(	O
F1	O
)	O
kittens	O
,	O
only	O
five	O
of	O
which	O
(	O
9	O
.	O
0	O
%)	O
demonstrated	O
a	O
natural	O
resistance	O
to	O
FIPV	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

One	O
of	O
these	O
five	O
F1	O
survivors	O
was	O
then	O
used	O
to	O
produce	O
six	O
F1	O
/	O
P	O
-	O
backcrosses	O
kittens	O
,	O
only	O
one	O
of	O
which	O
proved	O
resistant	O
to	O
FIP	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Severe	O
Community	O
-	O
Acquired	O
Pneumonia	B-DISO
Caused	O
by	O
Human	B-SPEC
Adenovirus	B-DISO
in	O
Immunocompetent	O
Adults	O
:	O
A	O
Multicenter	O
Case	O
Series	O
.	O

A	O
total	O
of	O
15	O
consecutive	O
severe	O
CAP	B-DISO
patients	O
with	O
laboratory	O
-	O
confirmed	O
adenovirus	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
were	O
included	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
A	O
total	O
of	O
15	O
consecutive	O
severe	O
CAP	B-DISO
patients	O
with	O
laboratory	O
-	O
confirmed	O
adenovirus	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
were	O
included	O
.	O

Corticosteroids	B-CHED
were	O
prescribed	O
to	O
14	O
patients	O
in	O
this	O
report	O
,	O
but	O
the	O
utilization	O
rate	O
between	O
survivors	O
and	O
non	O
-	O
survivors	O
was	O
not	O
significant	O
.	O

Ingredients	O
imported	O
to	O
the	O
USA	O
from	O
China	O
,	O
including	O
organic	O
&	O
conventional	O
soybeans	B-SPEC
and	O
meal	O
,	O
lysine	B-CHED
hydrochloride	B-CHED
,	O
D	O
-	O
L	O
methionine	B-CHED
,	O
tryptophan	B-CHED
,	O
Vitamins	B-CHED
A	O
,	O
D	O
&	O
E	O
,	O
choline	B-CHED
,	O
carriers	O
(	O
rice	B-SPEC
hulls	O
,	O
corn	B-DISO
cobs	B-FUNC
)	O
and	O
feed	O
grade	O
tetracycline	B-CHED
,	O
were	O
inoculated	O
with	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
.	O

Across	O
control	O
(	O
non	O
-	O
treated	O
)	O
ingredients	O
,	O
viable	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
was	O
detected	O
in	O
soybean	B-SPEC
meal	O
(	O
organic	O
and	O
conventional	O
),	O
Vitamin	B-CHED
D	I-CHED
,	O
lysine	B-CHED
hydrochloride	B-CHED
and	O
choline	B-CHED
chloride	I-CHED
.	O

Sub	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
cluster	I-PRGE
C3	I-PRGE
includes	O
prototype	O
,	O
vaccine	O
,	O
or	O
attenuated	O
BCoV	O
strains	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Epidemiological	O
investigation	O
of	O
the	O
119th	O
confirmed	O
Middle	O
East	O
Respiratory	O
Syndrome	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
case	O
with	O
an	O
indefinite	O
mode	O
of	O
transmission	O
during	O
the	O
Pyeongtaek	O
outbreak	O
in	O
Korea	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Since	O
the	O
first	O
case	O
was	O
diagnosed	O
on	O
May	O
20	O
,	O
2015	O
,	O
there	O
were	O
186	O
confirmed	O
cases	O
of	O
Middle	O
East	O
Respiratory	O
Syndrome	B-DISO
(	O
MERS	O
)	O
until	O
the	O
end	O
of	O
outbreak	O
in	O
South	O
Korea	O
.	O

An	O
autopsy	O
revealed	O
multiple	O
foci	O
of	O
air	B-CHED
-	O
space	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
containing	O
numerous	O
acid	O
-	O
fast	B-FUNC
bacilli	B-SPEC
without	O
granuloma	O
formation	O
,	O
accompanied	O
by	O
diffuse	B-DISO
alveolar	I-DISO
damage	I-DISO
.	O

Also	O
known	O
as	O
metabonomics	O
,	O
it	O
comprises	O
the	O
analysis	O
of	O
all	O
small	O
molecules	O
or	O
metabolites	O
that	O
are	O
present	O
within	O
an	O
organism	O
or	O
a	O
specific	O
compartment	B-ANAT
of	O
the	O
body	B-ANAT
.	O

In	O
this	O
article	O
,	O
we	O
review	O
the	O
burgeoning	O
field	O
of	O
metabolomics	O
in	O
its	O
application	O
to	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
diseases	I-DISO
,	O
specifically	O
pneumonia	O
and	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
syndrome	B-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Avian	B-SPEC
Influenza	B-SPEC
Viruses	I-SPEC
,	O
Inflammation	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
CD8	B-PRGE
(+)	O
T	B-ANAT
Cell	I-ANAT
Immunity	B-PROC
.	O

Neutrophils	B-ANAT
play	O
an	O
important	O
role	O
in	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
edema	I-DISO
associated	O
with	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
or	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
neutrophils	B-ANAT
that	O
infiltrate	B-DISO
the	O
lungs	B-ANAT
and	O
migrate	O
into	O
the	O
airways	O
express	O
pro	B-CHED
-	O
inflammatory	O
cytokines	O
such	O
as	O
tumor	B-PRGE
necrosis	I-PRGE
factor	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
alpha	I-PRGE
(	O
TNF	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
α	I-PRGE
),	O
interleukin	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
beta	I-PRGE
(	O
IL	O
-	O
1β	O
),	O
and	O
contribute	O
to	O
both	O
the	O
endothelial	B-ANAT
and	O
epithelial	O
integrity	O
disruption	O
of	O
the	O
barriers	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
in	O
vivo	O
attenuation	O
suggests	O
additional	O
adaptation	B-PROC
is	O
required	O
for	O
epidemic	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
.	O

Highly	O
prevalent	O
IBV	B-SPEC
and	O
AI	O
-	O
H9N2	O
were	O
isolated	O
and	O
were	O
molecularly	O
characterized	O
based	O
on	O
S1	B-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
hypervariable	I-PRGE
region	I-PRGE
3	I-PRGE
(	O
HVR3	O
:	O
)	O
and	O
hemagglutinin	B-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
(	O
HA	O
)	O
sequences	O
,	O
respectively	O
.	O

Further	O
investigations	O
of	O
the	O
role	O
of	O
AI	O
,	O
IBV	B-SPEC
,	O
and	O
ND	O
viruses	B-SPEC
'	O
co	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
infections	I-DISO
and	O
interference	O
in	O
terms	O
of	O
altering	O
the	O
severity	O
of	O
clinical	O
signs	O
and	O
lesions	O
and	O
/	O
or	O
generating	O
novel	O
reassortants	O
within	O
each	O
virus	B-SPEC
are	O
needed	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Design	O
,	O
synthesis	B-PROC
,	O
molecular	O
docking	B-PROC
studies	O
and	O
anti	O
-	O
HBV	B-DISO
activity	O
of	O
phenylpropanoid	B-CHED
derivatives	O
.	O

In	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
a	O
DNA	O
vaccine	O
SL7207	O
(	O
pVAXD	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
PS1	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
TS	I-PRGE
)	O
co	O
-	O
expressing	O
S	O
proteins	B-CHED
of	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
and	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
delivered	O
by	O
attenuated	O
Salmonella	B-DISO
typhimurium	O
was	O
constructed	O
and	O
its	O
immunogenicity	O
in	O
piglets	O
was	O
investigated	O
.	O

Humoral	B-PROC
immune	I-PROC
responses	I-PROC
,	O
as	O
reflected	O
by	O
virus	B-SPEC
neutralizing	O
antibodies	B-COMP
and	O
specific	O
IgG	B-PRGE
and	O
sIgA	B-PRGE
,	O
and	O
cellular	B-COMP
immune	I-PROC
responses	I-PROC
,	O
as	O
reflected	O
by	O
IFN	O
-	O
γ	O
,	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
4	I-FUNC
,	O
and	O
lymphocyte	B-PROC
proliferation	B-DISO
,	O
were	O
evaluated	O
.	O

SL7207	O
(	O
pVAXD	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
PS1	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
TS	I-PRGE
)	O
simultaneously	O
elicited	O
immune	B-PROC
responses	I-PROC
against	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
and	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
after	O
oral	B-ANAT
immunization	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
outbreak	O
of	O
Middle	O
Eastern	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
was	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
major	O
events	O
in	O
South	O
Korea	O
in	O
2015	O
.	O

MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
in	O
healthcare	O
settings	O
spread	O
predominantly	O
before	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
infection	B-DISO
was	O
diagnosed	O
,	O
underscoring	O
the	O
importance	O
of	O
increasing	O
awareness	O
and	O
infection	O
control	O
measures	O
at	O
first	O
points	O
of	O
entry	O
to	O
healthcare	O
facilities	O
.	O

The	O
viruses	B-SPEC
from	O
Jordan	O
were	O
highly	O
similar	O
to	O
isolates	O
from	O
Riyadh	O
,	O
Saudi	O
Arabia	O
,	O
except	O
for	O
deletions	O
in	O
open	O
reading	O
frames	O
4a	O
and	O
3	O
.	O

Analyzing	O
the	O
phylogenetic	O
relatedness	O
of	O
this	O
gene	O
we	O
found	O
that	O
swine	B-SPEC
and	O
human	B-PRGE
neonatal	I-PRGE
Fc	I-PRGE
receptor	I-PRGE
(	O
FcRn	B-PRGE
)	O
amino	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
sequence	O
are	O
closer	O
than	O
rodents	B-SPEC
.	O

The	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
a	O
framework	O
for	O
graduate	O
competencies	O
in	O
PH	O
was	O
perceived	O
to	O
be	O
a	O
top	O
priority	O
.	O

Other	O
selected	O
articles	O
can	O
be	O
found	O
online	O
at	O
http	O
://	O
www	O
.	O
biomedcentral	O
.	O
com	B-CHED
/	O
collections	O
/	O
annualupdate2016	O
.	O

Further	O
information	O
about	O
the	O
Annual	O
Update	O
in	O
Intensive	O
Care	O
and	O
Emergency	B-DISO
Medicine	B-CHED
is	O
available	O
from	O
http	O
://	O
www	O
.	O
springer	O
.	O
com	B-CHED
/	O
series	O
/	O
8901	O
.	O

Plasma	B-ANAT
adiponectin	B-PRGE
was	O
measured	O
at	O
the	O
time	O
of	O
ICU	O
admission	O
.	O

This	O
argues	O
against	O
low	O
levels	O
of	O
adiponectin	B-PRGE
as	O
a	O
mechanism	O
explaining	O
the	O
association	O
of	O
obesity	B-DISO
with	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Vaccines	O
for	O
the	O
prevention	O
against	O
the	O
threat	O
of	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
.	O
ABSTRACT	O
:	O
First	O
identified	O
in	O
2012	O
,	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
(	O
MERS	B-DISO
)	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
is	O
listed	O
as	O
a	O
new	O
Category	O
C	O
Priority	O
Pathogen	O
.	O

The	O
animals	B-SPEC
were	O
then	O
ventilated	O
with	O
either	O
HFJV	O
or	O
CMV	B-SPEC
for	O
4	O
h	O
.	O
Ventilatory	O
pressures	O
,	O
blood	B-PROC
gases	I-PROC
,	O
and	O
indexes	O
of	O
gas	B-ENZY
exchange	O
were	O
assessed	O
.	O

We	O
conclude	O
that	O
,	O
HFJV	O
may	O
be	O
used	O
for	O
ventilation	O
in	O
acute	O
non	O
-	O
homogenous	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Transmissible	O
gastroenteritis	B-DISO
(	O
TGE	B-DISO
)	O
causes	O
severe	B-DISO
diarrhea	I-DISO
in	O
suckling	O
piglets	O
,	O
results	O
in	O
enormous	O
economic	O
loss	O
in	O
swine	B-SPEC
-	O
producing	O
areas	O
of	O
the	O
world	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Antimicrobial	O
-	O
resistant	O
respiratory	B-DISO
tract	I-DISO
infections	I-DISO
(	O
AMR	O
-	O
RTIs	O
)	O
are	O
increasing	O
,	O
presenting	O
important	O
management	O
challenges	O
worldwide	O
.	O

Cellular	B-COMP
therapy	O
by	O
reinfusing	O
autologous	B-ANAT
bone	I-ANAT
marrow	I-ANAT
-	O
derived	O
MSCs	B-FUNC
into	O
MDR	B-FUNC
/	O
XDR	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
TB	I-DISO
patients	O
shows	O
promise	O
,	O
whereas	O
adjunctive	O
T	B-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
-	O
based	O
therapies	O
are	O
considered	O
.	O

Palivizumab	O
,	O
an	O
anti	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
RSV	I-PRGE
monoclonal	I-PRGE
antibody	B-COMP
,	O
effectively	O
prevents	O
RSV	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
in	O
high	O
-	O
risk	O
paediatric	O
populations	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Microbiological	O
characterization	O
of	O
a	O
newly	O
established	O
pig	B-SPEC
breed	B-PROC
,	O
Aachen	O
Minipigs	O
.	O

As	O
organs	B-ANAT
from	O
conventional	O
pigs	B-SPEC
are	O
usually	O
too	O
large	O
,	O
those	O
from	O
minipigs	O
may	O
be	O
better	O
suited	O
.	O

HEV	B-SPEC
RNA	O
was	O
found	O
by	O
real	O
-	O
time	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
in	O
most	O
,	O
and	O
DNA	O
of	O
PCMV	O
,	O
PLHV	O
-	O
2	O
,	O
and	O
PLHV	O
-	O
3	O
was	O
found	O
by	O
PCR	O
in	O
some	O
animals	B-SPEC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Design	O
,	O
synthesis	B-PROC
and	O
evaluation	O
of	O
novel	O
HIV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
1	I-SPEC
NNRTIs	O
with	O
dual	O
structural	O
conformations	O
targeting	B-PROC
the	O
entrance	O
channel	O
of	O
the	O
NNRTI	O
binding	B-FUNC
pocket	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
On	O
the	O
basis	O
of	O
structure	O
-	O
based	O
bioisosteric	O
replacement	O
and	O
molecular	O
hybridization	B-PROC
strategy	O
,	O
a	O
series	O
of	O
novel	O
dual	O
structural	O
-	O
conformation	O
inhibitors	B-CHED
targeting	B-PROC
the	O
""""	O
entrance	O
channel	O
""""	O
of	O
HIV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
1	I-SPEC
NNRTIs	O
binding	B-FUNC
pocket	O
(	O
NNIBP	O
)	O
were	O
designed	O
and	O
synthesized	O
.	O

It	O
was	O
indicated	O
that	O
patients	O
who	O
were	O
male	O
,	O
of	O
IgG	B-PRGE
type	O
,	O
with	O
a	O
relapse	B-DISO
status	O
and	O
a	O
previous	O
history	O
of	O
auto	O
-	O
PBSCT	O
had	O
a	O
higher	O
possibility	O
of	O
developing	O
bortezomib	B-CHED
-	O
induced	O
severe	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
complications	I-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Influenza	B-DISO
leaves	O
a	O
TRAIL	B-PRGE
to	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
edema	I-DISO
.	O

One	O
of	O
the	O
driving	O
features	O
in	O
the	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
is	O
the	O
accumulation	O
of	O
fluid	O
in	O
the	O
alveoli	B-ANAT
,	O
which	O
causes	O
severe	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
edema	I-DISO
and	O
impaired	B-DISO
oxygen	B-CHED
uptake	O
.	O

The	O
authors	O
conducted	O
a	O
prospective	O
,	O
randomized	O
,	O
crossover	O
study	O
on	O
eight	O
spontaneously	O
breathing	B-PROC
ARDS	B-DISO
patients	O
undergoing	O
venovenous	O
ECMO	O
since	O
28	O
±	O
20	O
days	O
.	O

To	O
modulate	O
carbon	B-CHED
dioxide	I-CHED
extraction	O
,	O
ECMO	O
gas	B-ENZY
flow	O
(	O
GF	O
)	O
was	O
decreased	O
from	O
baseline	O
resting	B-ANAT
protective	O
conditions	O
(	O
i	O
.	O
e	O
.,	O
GF100	O
%,	O
set	O
to	O
obtain	O
pressure	O
generated	O
in	O
the	O
first	O
100	O
ms	O
of	O
inspiration	B-PROC
against	O
an	O
occluded	B-DISO
airway	B-ANAT
less	O
than	O
2	O
cm	O
H2O	B-CHED
,	O
respiratory	O
rate	O
less	O
than	O
or	O
equal	O
to	O
25	O
bpm	O
,	O
tidal	O
volume	O
less	O
than	O
6	O
ml	O
/	O
kg	O
,	O
and	O
peak	O
airway	O
pressure	O
less	O
than	O
25	O
cm	O
H2O	B-CHED
)	O
to	O
GF50	O
%-	O
GF25	O
%-	O
GF0	O
%	O
during	O
both	O
PSV	O
and	O
NAVA	O
(	O
random	O
order	B-SPEC
for	O
ventilation	O
mode	O
).	O

Finally	O
,	O
transpulmonary	O
pressure	O
linearly	O
decreased	O
when	O
the	O
amount	O
of	O
carbon	B-CHED
dioxide	I-CHED
extracted	O
by	O
ECMO	O
increased	O
(	O
R	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
823	O
,	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
001	O
).	O

In	O
this	O
study	O
we	O
examine	O
the	O
kinetics	O
of	O
endocan	O
in	O
the	O
perioperative	O
period	O
in	O
cardiac	B-ANAT
surgical	O
patients	O
.	O

The	O
baseline	O
endocan	O
concentrations	O
were	O
elevated	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
hypertension	B-DISO
and	O
severe	O
coronary	B-DISO
artery	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
.	O

Endocan	O
concentrations	O
increased	O
after	O
induction	O
of	O
anaesthesia	B-DISO
and	O
decreased	O
four	O
hours	O
after	O
separation	B-DISO
from	O
CPB	O
.	O

Acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
peripheral	B-ANAT
blood	I-ANAT
mononuclear	I-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
had	O
a	O
three	O
-	O
fold	O
increased	O
ability	O
to	O
differentiate	O
into	O
fibrocytes	B-ANAT
compared	O
to	O
ventilated	O
controls	O
or	O
non	O
-	O
ventilated	O
controls	O
.	O

The	O
presence	O
of	O
fibrocytes	B-ANAT
in	O
the	O
lung	B-ANAT
during	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
could	O
result	O
in	O
a	O
balance	B-PROC
between	O
higher	O
ability	O
of	O
monocytes	B-ANAT
to	O
differentiate	O
into	O
fibrocytes	B-ANAT
and	O
the	O
inhibitory	O
effect	O
of	O
the	O
alveolar	B-ANAT
environment	O
,	O
mainly	O
dependent	O
on	O
serum	B-PRGE
amyloid	B-DISO
P	I-PRGE
.	O

Patient	O
records	O
for	O
2	O
intervals	O
were	O
reviewed	O
:	O
Interval	O
1	O
,	O
which	O
included	O
87	O
intensive	O
care	O
unit	O
patients	O
admitted	O
January	O
2005	O
through	O
September	O
2007	O
,	O
for	O
whom	O
benzodiazedpine	O
monotherapy	O
was	O
utilized	O
;	O
and	O
Interval	O
2	O
,	O
January	O
2010	O
through	O
December	O
2010	O
,	O
for	O
whom	O
54	O
of	O
84	O
(	O
64	O
.	O
3	O
%)	O
intensive	O
care	O
unit	O
patients	O
,	O
including	O
all	O
those	O
intubated	O
,	O
received	O
adjunctive	O
agents	O
,	O
including	O
dexmedetomidine	B-CHED
or	O
propofol	B-CHED
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Pulmonary	B-ANAT
aspiration	I-DISO
of	O
gastric	O
or	O
esophageal	B-ANAT
contents	I-ANAT
is	O
uncommon	O
;	O
however	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
most	O
severe	O
complications	O
in	O
the	O
perioperative	O
period	O
.	O

Pulmonary	B-DISO
aspiration	I-DISO
should	O
be	O
prevented	O
using	O
multidisciplinary	O
techniques	O
and	O
considerations	O
that	O
have	O
been	O
shown	O
to	O
improve	O
effectiveness	O
of	O
prophylaxes	O
.	O

Serious	O
adverse	O
events	O
were	O
defined	O
as	O
dislocation	O
or	O
obstruction	O
of	O
endotracheal	O
tube	O
or	O
tracheal	O
cannula	B-SPEC
,	O
ECMO	O
cannulas	O
and	O
cardiac	B-DISO
arrest	I-DISO
.	O

A	O
total	O
of	O
26	O
patients	O
were	O
treated	O
with	O
vvECMO	O
as	O
bridge	O
to	O
recovery	O
due	O
to	O
severe	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

Patients	O
were	O
proned	O
for	O
a	O
median	O
of	O
5	O
(	O
3	O
;	O
7	O
)	O
periods	B-PROC
with	O
a	O
median	O
duration	O
of	O
12	O
h	O
(	O
8	O
;	O
12	O
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Evolution	B-PROC
of	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
in	O
China	O
over	O
the	O
past	O
two	O
decades	O
.	O

We	O
observed	O
6	O
,	O
452	O
animals	B-SPEC
listed	O
by	O
Lao	O
PDR	B-DISO
as	O
near	O
extinct	O
or	O
threatened	O
with	O
extinction	O
.	O

The	O
innate	B-DISO
immune	I-DISO
response	I-DISO
is	O
the	O
first	O
line	O
of	O
antiviral	B-CHED
defense	O
that	O
culminates	O
in	O
the	O
synthesis	B-PROC
of	O
interferon	B-PRGE
and	O
proinflammatory	O
cytokines	O
to	O
control	O
viral	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
.	O

These	O
observations	O
allowed	O
us	O
to	O
propose	O
a	O
novel	O
role	O
for	O
CoV	O
nsp14	O
ExoN	O
activity	O
in	O
counteracting	O
the	O
antiviral	B-PROC
response	I-PROC
,	O
which	O
could	O
serve	O
as	O
a	O
novel	O
target	O
for	O
the	O
design	O
of	O
antiviral	B-CHED
strategies	O
.	O

Early	O
blood	B-ANAT
purification	O
clears	O
inflammatory	O
cytokines	O
and	O
promotes	O
immune	B-PROC
function	I-PROC
recovery	O
.	O

32	O
patients	O
received	O
routine	O
treatment	O
(	O
control	O
group	O
),	O
whereas	O
other	O
32	O
patients	O
received	O
routine	O
treatment	O
and	O
early	O
blood	B-ANAT
purification	O
therapy	O
(	O
study	O
group	O
).	O

We	O
evaluated	O
respiratory	O
indexes	O
(	O
PaO2	O
,	O
PaO2	O
/	O
FiO2	O
,	O
alveolar	B-ANAT
-	O
arterial	B-ANAT
oxygen	B-CHED
difference	O
,	O
intrapulmonary	O
arteriovenous	B-DISO
shunt	I-DISO
percentage	O
,	O
and	O
respiratory	O
rate	O
),	O
blood	B-ANAT
biochemical	O
(	O
creatinine	B-CHED
,	O
blood	B-ANAT
urea	B-CHED
nitrogen	B-CHED
,	O
alanine	B-PRGE
aminotransferase	I-PRGE
,	O
and	O
lactate	B-CHED
levels	O
)	O
and	O
inflammatory	O
(	O
CRP	B-PRGE
,	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
10	I-FUNC
,	O
TNF	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
α	I-PRGE
,	O
and	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
10	I-FUNC
/	O
TNF	B-PRGE
-	O
α	O
ratio	O
)	O
markers	O
,	O
and	O
prognostic	O
outcomes	O
(	O
multiple	B-DISO
organ	I-DISO
dysfunction	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
[	O
MODS	B-DISO
]	O
and	O
APACHE	O
II	O
scores	O
)	O
before	O
and	O
72	O
hours	O
after	O
the	O
treatment	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Detection	O
and	O
identification	O
of	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
by	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
in	O
Iran	O
.	O

The	O
aim	O
of	O
this	O
study	O
was	O
the	O
detection	O
and	O
identification	O
of	O
IBV	B-SPEC
by	O
reverse	B-PROC
transcription	I-PROC
(	O
RT	O
)-	O
PCR	O
in	O
Iran	O
.	O

Primers	O
targeting	B-PROC
the	O
conserved	O
region	O
of	O
known	O
IBV	B-SPEC
serotypes	O
were	O
used	O
in	O
the	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
assay	O
.	O

Digital	O
surveillance	O
techniques	O
have	O
shown	O
promise	O
to	O
aid	O
with	O
the	O
detection	O
and	O
monitoring	O
of	O
infectious	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
outbreaks	O
.	O

Prospective	O
clinic	O
surveillance	O
was	O
conducted	O
to	O
identify	O
hospitalized	O
children	O
aged	O
≤	O
15	O
years	O
presenting	O
with	O
respiratory	B-DISO
symptoms	I-DISO
≤	O
5	O
-	O
day	O
duration	O
.	O

While	O
hRSV	B-SPEC
showed	O
seasonal	O
patterns	O
,	O
hAdV	O
and	O
RV	O
/	O
EV	O
were	O
detected	O
throughout	O
the	O
year	O
and	O
no	O
evident	O
temporal	O
patterns	O
were	O
observed	O
for	O
the	O
remaining	O
viruses	B-SPEC
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
Respiratory	O
viruses	B-SPEC
were	O
associated	O
with	O
a	O
high	O
burden	O
of	O
hospitalizations	O
among	O
children	O
in	O
Cameroon	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Human	B-SPEC
coronaviruses	O
(	O
HCoVs	O
)	O
were	O
first	O
described	O
in	O
the	O
1960s	O
for	O
patients	O
with	O
the	O
common	O
cold	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Prevalence	O
of	O
Leishmania	B-SPEC
infantum	I-SPEC
and	O
co	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
infections	I-DISO
in	O
stray	O
cats	B-SPEC
in	O
northern	O
Italy	O
.	O

L	B-DISO
.	I-DISO
infantum	I-DISO
-	O
infected	O
stray	O
cats	B-SPEC
in	O
Milan	O
have	O
a	O
high	O
seropositivity	O
rate	O
,	O
comparable	O
to	O
that	O
of	O
cats	B-SPEC
in	O
areas	O
endemic	O
for	O
leishmaniosis	B-DISO
.	O

It	O
is	O
a	O
respiratory	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
caused	O
by	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
.	O

Of	O
134	O
(	O
falciparum	O
-	O
81	O
,	O
vivax	O
-	O
48	O
and	O
mixed	O
falciparum	O
and	O
vivax	O
-	O
5	O
)	O
malaria	B-PATH
cases	O
,	O
hyperbilirubinemia	B-DISO
occurred	O
in	O
41	O
.	O
04	O
%.	O

Malarial	O
hepatopathy	B-DISO
had	O
significant	O
association	O
with	O
duration	O
of	O
hospitalization	O
,	O
parasite	O
clearance	O
time	O
,	O
fever	B-PROC
clearance	O
time	O
and	O
jaundice	B-DISO
clearance	O
time	O
in	O
overall	O
(	O
p	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
each	O
)	O
and	O
falciparum	O
(	O
p	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
each	O
)	O
but	O
not	O
vivax	B-DISO
malaria	I-DISO
cases	O
(	O
p	O
>	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
each	O
).	O

Mortality	O
occurred	O
in	O
1	O
(	O
20	O
%)	O
case	O
of	O
falciparum	O
-	O
induced	O
hepatopathy	B-DISO
with	O
an	O
overall	O
mortality	O
of	O
16	O
.	O
66	O
%.	O

Prior	O
to	O
APRV	O
initiation	O
,	O
median	O
Murray	O
Lung	B-ANAT
Injury	O
Score	O
was	O
3	O
.	O
5	O
(	O
interquartile	O
range	O
(	O
IQR	O
)	O
2	O
.	O
5	O
-	O
3	O
.	O
9	O
)	O
and	O
PaO2	O
/	O
FiO2	O
was	O
99mmHg	O
(	O
IQR	O
73	O
-	O
137	O
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Is	O
capnometry	O
helpful	O
in	O
children	O
with	O
bronchiolitis	B-DISO
?	O

There	O
is	O
still	O
a	O
debate	O
as	O
to	O
the	O
role	O
of	O
capnometry	O
in	O
assessing	O
ventilation	O
in	O
children	O
with	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
,	O
and	O
bronchiolitis	B-DISO
in	O
particular	O
.	O

Our	O
secondary	O
outcome	O
measure	O
was	O
the	O
correlation	O
of	O
EtCO2	O
upon	O
arrival	O
to	O
the	O
ED	O
and	O
clinical	O
measures	O
of	O
bronchiolitis	B-DISO
severity	O
.	O

NS4b	O
proteins	B-CHED
are	O
distinct	O
from	O
lineage	O
ABetacoronavirusPDEs	O
and	O
rotavirus	B-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
encoded	I-PRGE
PDEs	I-PRGE
,	O
in	O
having	O
an	O
amino	O
-	O
terminal	O
nuclear	O
localization	B-PROC
signal	O
(	O
NLS	B-DISO
)	O
and	O
are	O
localized	O
mostly	O
to	O
the	O
nucleus	B-COMP
.	O

Like	O
murine	B-PRGE
coronavirus	I-PRGE
NS2	B-DISO
,	O
a	O
previously	O
characterized	O
PDE	B-PRGE
,	I-PRGE
MERS	I-PRGE
NS4b	I-PRGE
,	O
can	O
antagonize	O
activation	O
of	O
the	O
OAS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
RNase	B-ENZY
L	I-PRGE
pathway	B-PROC
,	O
an	O
interferon	B-PRGE
-	O
induced	O
potent	O
antiviral	B-CHED
activity	O
.	O

Our	O
report	O
may	O
offer	O
a	O
potential	O
target	O
for	O
therapeutic	O
intervention	O
if	O
NS4b	O
proves	O
to	O
be	O
critical	O
to	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
inin	O
vivomodels	O
of	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Reversal	O
of	O
the	O
Progression	O
of	O
Fatal	O
Coronavirus	B-DISO
Infection	I-DISO
in	O
Cats	B-SPEC
by	O
a	O
Broad	O
-	O
Spectrum	O
Coronavirus	B-SPEC
Protease	B-CHED
Inhibitor	I-CHED
.	O

Experimental	O
FIP	B-DISO
is	O
100	O
%	O
fatal	O
once	O
certain	O
clinical	O
and	O
laboratory	O
signs	O
become	O
apparent	O
.	O

These	O
findings	O
may	O
provide	O
important	O
insights	O
into	O
devising	O
therapeutic	O
strategies	O
and	O
selection	O
of	O
antiviral	B-CHED
compounds	O
for	O
further	O
development	B-PROC
for	O
important	O
coronaviruses	O
in	O
animals	B-SPEC
and	O
humans	B-SPEC
.	O

Here	O
,	O
we	O
report	O
that	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
induces	O
mitophagy	B-PROC
to	O
suppress	O
oxidative	B-DISO
stress	I-DISO
and	O
apoptosis	B-PATH
induced	O
by	O
viral	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
in	O
porcine	B-SPEC
epithelial	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
(	O
IPEC	O
-	O
J2	O
).	O

We	O
report	O
a	O
significant	O
correlation	O
between	O
infection	B-DISO
site	I-DISO
and	O
mortality	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
ALI	O
,	O
but	O
not	O
in	O
those	O
without	O
ALI	O
.	O

Here	O
,	O
we	O
show	O
that	O
the	O
functionality	O
of	O
hamster	B-SPEC
DPP4	B-PRGE
as	O
a	O
receptor	O
is	O
severely	O
decreased	O
if	O
less	O
than	O
4	O
out	O
of	O
5	O
amino	B-CHED
acids	I-CHED
are	O
changed	O
.	O

Through	O
amino	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
sequence	O
analysis	O
of	O
S	O
proteins	B-CHED
of	O
representative	O
CoVs	O
,	O
we	O
identified	O
a	O
common	O
region	O
as	O
a	O
possible	O
FP	O
(	O
pFP	B-CHED
)	O
that	O
shares	O
the	O
characteristics	O
of	O
FPs	B-FUNC
of	O
class	B-PRGE
I	I-PRGE
viral	I-PRGE
fusion	I-PRGE
proteins	B-CHED
,	O
including	O
high	O
Ala	B-CHED
/	O
Gly	B-CHED
content	O
,	O
intermediate	O
hydrophobicity	O
,	O
and	O
few	O
charged	O
residues	O
.	O

N475	O
forms	O
a	O
hydrogen	B-CHED
bond	O
with	O
R662	O
in	O
the	O
SAM	B-PRGE
MTase	I-PRGE
domain	I-PRGE
,	O
and	O
the	O
R662A	O
and	O
R662K	O
mutations	O
both	O
led	O
to	O
16	O
-	O
fold	O
decreases	O
in	O
kcat	O
/	O
Km	O
.	O

Virological	O
analysis	O
determined	O
that	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
belonged	O
to	O
H5	B-PRGE
clade	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
.	I-PRGE
3	I-PRGE
.	I-PRGE
4	I-PRGE
.	I-PRGE
4	I-PRGE
and	O
it	O
has	O
obtained	O
partial	O
ability	O
for	O
mammalian	B-SPEC
adaptation	B-PROC
and	O
amantadine	B-CHED
resistance	B-PROC
.	O

Spleen	B-ANAT
,	O
kidney	B-ANAT
,	O
and	O
intestine	B-ANAT
tissue	B-ANAT
along	O
with	O
fecal	B-ANAT
and	O
intestinal	B-ANAT
lavage	O
samples	O
were	O
obtained	O
from	O
50	O
one	O
-	O
to	O
five	O
-	O
week	O
-	O
old	O
alpacas	B-SPEC
and	O
analyzed	O
for	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
parasites	O
,	O
bacteria	B-SPEC
,	O
and	O
viruses	B-SPEC
.	O

The	O
significance	O
of	O
such	O
infections	B-DISO
is	O
not	O
clear	O
,	O
but	O
it	O
is	O
noteworthy	O
that	O
the	O
animals	B-SPEC
suffering	B-DISO
from	O
necrotic	B-PROC
and	O
/	O
or	O
hemorrhagic	B-DISO
enteritis	I-DISO
presented	O
with	O
quadruple	O
infections	B-DISO
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Fifteen	O
ECMO	O
patients	O
managed	O
from	O
March	O
2013	O
to	O
November	O
2014	O
were	O
identified	O
,	O
as	O
were	O
14	O
CONV	O
patients	O
managed	O
from	O
March	O
2012	O
to	O
February	O
2013	O
who	O
met	B-CHED
the	O
Berlin	O
definition	O
of	O
severe	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Successful	O
Treatment	O
of	O
Seasonal	O
Influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
(	O
H3N2	B-CHED
)	O
infection	B-DISO
-	O
related	O
Hemophagocytic	O
Lymphocytosis	B-DISO
in	O
an	O
Elderly	O
Man	B-CHED
].	O

Subsequently	O
,	O
blood	B-ANAT
tests	O
showed	O
elevation	O
of	O
ferritin	B-PRGE
and	O
soluble	B-PRGE
interleukin	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
receptor	I-PRGE
(	O
sIL2R	O
);	O
microscopic	O
examination	O
of	O
the	O
peripheral	B-ANAT
blood	I-ANAT
revealed	O
hemophagocytosis	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
patint	O
was	O
saved	O
with	O
our	O
early	O
diagnosis	O
and	O
treatment	O
of	O
HLH	B-DISO
and	O
was	O
discharged	O
on	O
the	O
92nd	O
clinical	O
day	O
.	O

Viral	O
-	O
induced	O
HLH	B-DISO
,	O
formerly	O
known	O
as	O
virus	B-SPEC
-	O
associated	O
hemophagocytic	B-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
VAHS	O
),	O
leads	O
to	O
multiple	B-DISO
organ	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
due	O
to	O
a	O
cytokine	B-DISO
storm	I-DISO
scattered	O
by	O
viral	O
-	O
infected	O
pathogenic	O
inflammatory	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
.	O

Currently	O
,	O
not	O
much	O
is	O
known	O
about	O
HLH	B-DISO
due	O
to	O
seasonal	O
flu	B-DISO
;	O
particularly	O
,	O
IAV	O
(	O
H3N2	B-CHED
)-	O
related	O
HLH	B-DISO
cases	O
are	O
rare	O
and	O
reported	O
cases	O
showed	O
poor	O
outcomes	O
as	O
well	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
S1	O
domain	O
of	O
the	O
porcine	B-SPEC
epidemic	I-SPEC
diarrhea	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
spike	O
protein	B-CHED
as	O
a	O
vaccine	O
antigen	B-CHED
.	O

However	O
,	O
there	O
were	O
no	O
significant	O
differences	O
in	O
diarrhea	B-DISO
,	O
body	B-ANAT
weight	O
and	O
virus	B-DISO
shedding	I-DISO
.	O

Their	O
concerted	O
effort	B-PROC
is	O
believed	O
to	O
have	O
been	O
instrumental	O
in	O
ending	O
the	O
outbreak	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
the	O
function	O
of	O
soluble	O
form	O
of	O
RAGE	O
(	O
sRAGE	O
),	O
which	O
is	O
composed	O
of	O
an	O
extracellular	B-COMP
domain	O
of	O
RAGE	O
,	O
in	O
ARDS	B-DISO
remains	O
elusive	O
.	O

These	O
results	O
suggest	O
that	O
the	O
alveolar	B-ANAT
release	B-PATH
of	O
sRAGE	O
may	O
play	O
a	O
protective	O
role	O
against	O
HMGB1	B-PRGE
as	O
well	O
as	O
exogenous	O
pathogen	O
-	O
associated	O
molecular	O
patterns	O
.	O

Supplementary	O
therapy	O
with	O
sRAGE	O
may	O
be	O
an	O
effective	O
therapeutic	O
strategy	O
for	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
donor	B-CHED
was	O
a	O
19	O
-	O
year	O
-	O
old	O
woman	O
.	O

No	O
infectious	B-DISO
symptom	B-DISO
was	O
reported	O
during	O
the	O
medical	O
interviews	O
before	O
and	O
after	O
the	O
donation	O
and	O
no	O
postdonation	O
information	O
was	O
received	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
The	O
donor	B-CHED
was	O
a	O
19	O
-	O
year	O
-	O
old	O
woman	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Outcome	O
and	O
Predicting	O
Factor	O
Following	O
Severe	O
Traumatic	O
Brain	B-ANAT
Injury	O
:	O
A	O
Retrospective	O
Cross	O
-	O
Sectional	O
Study	O
.	O

About	O
(	O
37	O
.	O
5	O
%)	O
of	O
patients	O
with	O
anxiety	O
and	O
(	O
27	O
.	O
5	O
%)	O
had	O
a	O
depression	B-DISO
.	O

GCS	O
arrival	O
a	O
predicate	O
factor	O
for	O
QOL	O
and	O
GOS	O
(	O
p	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
001	O
,	O
OR	O
:	O
1	O
.	O
75	O
,	O
1	O
.	O
94	O
respectively	O
);	O
length	O
of	O
ICU	O
stay	O
a	O
predicate	O
factor	O
for	O
QOL	O
and	O
GOS	O
(	O
p	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
,	O
OR	O
:	O
1	O
.	O
11	O
,	O
1	O
.	O
28	O
respectively	O
);	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
a	O
predicate	O
factor	O
for	O
GOS	O
(	O
p	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
001	O
,	O
OR	O
:	O
1	O
.	O
78	O
);	O
ventilation	O
associated	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
(	O
VAP	O
)	O
&	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
and	O
pupil	B-ANAT
reactivity	O
a	O
predicate	O
factor	O
for	O
GOS	O
(	O
p	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
,	O
OR	O
:	O
1	O
.	O
36	O
;	O
p	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
001	O
,	O
OR	O
:	O
1	O
.	O
94	O
respectively	O
).	O

The	O
GCS	O
arrival	O
and	O
ICU	O
stay	O
a	O
predicate	O
factor	O
for	O
HAD	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
A	I-PRGE
(	O
p	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
,	O
OR	O
:	O
1	O
.	O
73	O
,	O
1	O
.	O
38	O
respectively	O
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Assessing	O
the	O
economic	O
burden	O
of	O
avian	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
bronchitis	I-DISO
on	O
poultry	O
farms	O
in	O
Brazil	O
.	O

A	O
U	O
.	O
S	O
.	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
S	O
-	O
INDEL	B-PROC
-	O
variant	O
strain	O
was	O
isolated	O
in	O
cell	B-COMP
culture	O
in	O
this	O
study	O
.	O

The	O
positive	O
antisera	O
against	O
the	O
prototype	O
strain	O
reacted	O
to	O
and	O
neutralized	O
both	O
prototype	O
and	O
S	O
-	O
INDEL	B-PROC
-	O
variant	O
viruses	B-SPEC
,	O
and	O
the	O
positive	O
antisera	O
against	O
the	O
S	O
-	O
INDEL	B-PROC
-	O
variant	O
strain	O
also	O
reacted	O
to	O
and	O
neutralized	O
both	O
prototype	O
and	O
S	O
-	O
INDEL	B-PROC
-	O
variant	O
viruses	B-SPEC
,	O
as	O
examined	O
by	O
IFA	O
antibody	B-COMP
assays	O
and	O
VN	O
tests	O
.	O

The	O
current	O
serological	O
assays	O
based	O
on	O
U	O
.	O
S	O
.	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
prototype	O
strain	O
can	O
detect	O
antibodies	B-COMP
against	O
both	O
U	O
.	O
S	O
.	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
strains	O
.	O

In	O
patients	O
receiving	O
ECLS	O
therapy	O
,	O
hemodynamic	B-PROC
monitoring	O
is	O
often	O
required	O
.	O

During	O
the	O
first	O
3	O
days	O
of	O
ECLS	O
therapy	O
,	O
repeated	O
hemodynamic	B-PROC
measurements	O
at	O
different	O
ECLS	O
flow	O
rates	O
were	O
performed	O
.	O

Our	O
findings	O
support	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
-	O
host	B-COMP
co	O
-	O
evolution	B-PROC
hypothesis	O
,	O
with	O
the	O
detection	O
of	O
Miniopterus	B-PRGE
bat	I-PRGE
coronavirus	I-PRGE
HKU8	I-PRGE
(	O
previously	O
reported	O
in	O
Miniopterus	B-SPEC
species	B-SPEC
in	O
China	O
,	O
Hong	O
Kong	O
and	O
Bulgaria	B-SPEC
)	O
in	O
Australian	O
Miniopterus	B-SPEC
species	B-SPEC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
How	O
ARDS	B-DISO
should	O
be	O
treated	O
.	O

In	O
an	O
inhomogeneous	O
lung	B-ANAT
,	O
stress	O
risers	O
locally	O
increase	O
the	O
applied	O
mechanical	O
power	O
.	O

Electron	O
microscopy	O
and	O
immunoelectron	O
microscopy	O
results	O
demonstrate	O
that	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
VLPs	B-ANAT
are	O
structurally	O
similar	O
to	O
the	O
native	O
virus	B-SPEC
.	O

Specifically	O
,	O
antibody	B-COMP
-	O
positive	O
groups	O
returned	O
to	O
normal	O
body	B-ANAT
temperature	O
faster	O
and	O
demonstrated	O
a	O
higher	O
rate	O
of	O
survivability	O
than	O
piglets	O
without	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
antibody	B-COMP
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Molecular	O
characterization	O
and	O
phylogenetic	O
analysis	O
of	O
porcine	B-SPEC
epidemic	I-SPEC
diarrhea	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
samples	O
obtained	O
from	O
farms	O
in	O
Gansu	O
,	O
China	O
.	O

In	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
48	O
fecal	B-ANAT
specimens	O
were	O
collected	O
from	O
piglets	O
from	O
four	O
intensive	O
swine	B-SPEC
farms	O
located	O
in	O
the	O
Gansu	O
Province	O
of	O
China	O
.	O

The	O
molecular	O
diversity	O
and	O
phylogenetic	O
relationships	O
between	O
porcine	B-SPEC
epidemic	B-DISO
diarrhea	I-DISO
viruses	B-SPEC
(	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
)	O
prevalent	O
in	O
Gansu	O
were	O
probed	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
resultant	O
proteins	B-CHED
were	O
characterized	O
.	O

Urinary	O
protein	B-CHED
excretion	B-PROC
steadily	O
increased	O
for	O
a	O
microalbumin	O
to	O
creatinine	B-CHED
ratio	O
of	O
538	O
.	O
4	O
mg	O
/	O
g	O
Cr	O
and	O
a	O
protein	B-CHED
to	O
creatinine	B-CHED
ratio	O
of	O
3	O
,	O
025	O
.	O
8	O
mg	O
/	O
g	O
Cr	O
.	O

Acute	B-DISO
tubular	I-DISO
necrosis	I-DISO
was	O
the	O
main	O
finding	O
,	O
and	O
proteinaceous	O
cast	B-ANAT
formation	B-PROC
and	O
acute	B-DISO
tubulointerstitial	I-DISO
nephritis	I-DISO
were	O
found	O
.	O

We	O
could	O
not	O
verify	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
itself	O
by	O
in	O
situ	O
hybridization	B-PROC
and	O
confocal	O
microscopy	O
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
co	O
-	O
stained	O
with	O
dipeptidyl	B-PRGE
peptidase	I-PRGE
4	I-PRGE
).	O

The	O
viremic	O
status	O
,	O
urinary	O
virus	B-SPEC
excretion	B-PROC
,	O
and	O
timely	O
kidney	B-ANAT
biopsy	O
results	O
should	O
be	O
investigated	O
with	O
thorough	O
precautions	O
to	O
reveal	O
the	O
direct	O
effects	O
of	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
with	O
respect	O
to	O
renal	B-ANAT
complications	O
.	O

Authors	O
recently	O
focused	O
on	O
the	O
mean	O
systemic	O
filling	O
pressure	O
which	O
is	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
determinants	O
of	O
venous	B-ANAT
return	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Patient	O
-	O
ventilator	O
asynchrony	O
is	O
a	O
major	O
cause	O
of	O
difficult	O
weaning	B-PROC
from	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
.	O

Electromyographic	O
analysis	O
of	O
the	O
diaphragm	B-ANAT
clearly	O
showed	O
improved	O
triggering	O
of	O
both	O
the	O
start	O
and	O
the	O
end	O
of	O
spontaneous	O
inspiration	B-PROC
.	O

Moreover	O
,	O
the	O
area	O
under	O
receiver	O
-	O
operating	O
curve	O
for	O
mortality	O
prediction	O
using	O
PaO2	O
/	O
FiO2	O
on	O
Day	O
1	O
was	O
significant	O
higher	O
than	O
that	O
on	O
Day	O
0	O
(	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
016	O
).	O
PaO2	O
/	O
FiO2	O
ratio	O
on	O
Day	O
1	O
after	O
applying	O
mechanical	O
ventilator	O
is	O
a	O
better	O
predictor	O
of	O
outcomes	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
ARDS	B-DISO
than	O
those	O
on	O
Day	O
0	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Alcohol	B-DISO
Intoxication	I-DISO
Reduces	O
Systemic	O
Interleukin	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
6	I-PRGE
Levels	O
and	O
Leukocyte	B-ANAT
Counts	O
After	O
Severe	O
TBI	O
Compared	O
With	O
Not	O
Intoxicated	O
TBI	O
Patients	O
.	O

Injury	O
severity	O
,	O
vital	O
signs	O
,	O
complications	O
,	O
mortality	O
,	O
and	O
systemic	O
interleukin	B-PRGE
(	O
IL	O
)-	O
6	O
levels	O
were	O
prospectively	O
determined	O
,	O
and	O
BAC	O
was	O
quantified	O
.	O

Inhospital	O
complications	O
,	O
including	O
single	O
/	O
multiple	B-DISO
organ	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
,	O
systemic	B-DISO
inflammatory	I-DISO
response	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
,	O
sepsis	B-DISO
,	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
,	O
showed	O
no	O
significant	O
differences	O
.	O

ISS	B-DISO
was	O
significantly	O
higher	O
in	O
the	O
no	O
BAC	O
group	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
information	O
on	O
the	O
viruses	B-SPEC
harbored	O
by	O
these	O
bats	B-SPEC
is	O
scarce	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Porcine	O
epidemic	O
diarrhea	O
virus	O
(	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
)	O
was	O
first	O
recognized	O
in	O
pigs	B-SPEC
in	O
the	O
United	O
States	O
(	O
US	O
)	O
in	O
May	O
2013	O
.	O

In	O
the	O
multivariate	O
analysis	O
,	O
age	O
≥	O
65	O
years	O
,	O
CAP	B-DISO
resulting	O
from	O
P	O
aeruginosa	O
,	O
chronic	B-DISO
liver	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
,	O
neurologic	O
disease	O
,	O
nursing	B-PROC
home	O
,	O
criteria	O
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
,	O
acute	B-DISO
renal	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
,	O
ICU	O
admission	O
,	O
and	O
inappropriate	O
empiric	O
treatment	O
were	O
the	O
factors	O
associated	O
with	O
30	O
-	O
day	O
mortality	O
.	O

The	O
risk	O
factors	O
described	O
can	O
help	O
clinicians	O
to	O
suspect	O
P	O
aeruginosa	O
and	O
MDR	B-PRGE
P	I-PRGE
aeruginosa	I-PRGE
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Suspected	O
drug	O
-	O
induced	O
infiltrative	O
lung	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
culminating	O
in	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
in	O
a	O
dog	O
treated	O
with	O
cytarabine	B-CHED
and	O
prednisone	B-CHED
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
vaccines	O
.	O

Platelets	B-ANAT
are	O
dispensable	O
for	O
the	O
initiation	O
and	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
TRALI	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
objective	O
of	O
this	O
study	O
was	O
to	O
determine	O
the	O
impact	O
of	O
PRRS	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
and	O
PED	O
virus	B-SPEC
,	O
alone	O
or	O
in	O
combination	O
,	O
on	O
growth	B-PROC
performance	O
,	O
feed	O
efficiency	O
,	O
and	O
digestibility	O
in	O
grower	O
pigs	B-SPEC
.	O

Forty	O
-	O
two	O
gilts	O
(	O
16	O
±	O
0	O
.	O
98	O
kg	O
BW	O
)	O
naïve	O
for	O
PRRS	B-DISO
and	O
PED	O
were	O
selected	O
and	O
allocated	O
to	O
1	O
of	O
4	O
treatments	O
.	O

Pigs	B-SPEC
in	O
treatments	O
2	O
and	O
4	O
were	O
inoculated	O
with	O
a	O
live	O
field	O
strain	O
of	O
PRRS	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
via	O
intramuscular	O
and	O
intranasal	O
routes	O
at	O
0	O
d	O
after	O
inoculation	O
(	O
dpi	O
).	O

Control	O
pigs	B-SPEC
remained	O
PRRS	B-DISO
and	O
PED	O
virus	B-SPEC
negative	O
throughout	O
the	O
study	O
.	O

Compared	O
with	O
control	O
pigs	B-SPEC
,	O
PRRS	B-DISO
infection	B-DISO
did	O
not	O
reduce	O
apparent	O
total	O
tract	O
digestibility	O
(	O
ATTD	O
)	O
of	O
nutrients	B-CHED
and	O
energy	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
The	O
effect	O
of	O
porcine	B-SPEC
reproductive	I-SPEC
and	I-SPEC
respiratory	I-SPEC
syndrome	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
and	O
porcine	B-SPEC
epidemic	B-DISO
diarrhea	I-DISO
virus	I-SPEC
challenge	O
on	O
growing	O
pigs	B-SPEC
II	O
:	O
Intestinal	B-ANAT
integrity	O
and	O
function	O
.	O

Treatments	O
2	O
and	O
4	O
were	O
inoculated	O
with	O
a	O
live	O
field	O
strain	O
of	O
PRRS	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
on	O
d	O
0	O
after	O
inoculation	O
.	O

Interestingly	O
,	O
digestive	B-PROC
machinery	O
during	O
PED	O
challenge	O
remained	O
intact	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Severe	B-DISO
sepsis	I-DISO
or	O
septic	B-DISO
shock	I-DISO
is	O
characterized	O
by	O
an	O
excessive	O
inflammatory	B-DISO
response	I-DISO
to	O
infectious	B-DISO
pathogens	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Clinical	O
and	O
basic	O
experimental	O
approaches	O
to	O
pediatric	O
acute	O
lung	O
injury	O
(	O
ALI	O
),	O
including	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
),	O
have	O
historically	O
focused	O
on	O
acute	O
care	O
and	O
management	O
of	O
the	O
patient	O
.	O

Pediatric	O
ALI	O
/	O
ARDS	B-DISO
remains	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
leading	O
causes	O
of	O
infant	O
and	O
childhood	O
morbidity	O
and	O
mortality	O
,	O
particularly	O
in	O
the	O
developing	O
world	O
.	O

In	O
this	O
chapter	O
,	O
the	O
long	O
-	O
term	O
effectiveness	O
of	O
current	O
treatments	O
will	O
be	O
examined	O
,	O
as	O
will	O
the	O
potential	O
efficacy	O
of	O
novel	O
,	O
acute	O
,	O
and	O
long	O
-	O
term	O
therapies	O
that	O
support	O
repair	B-PROC
and	O
delay	O
or	O
even	O
impede	O
the	O
onset	O
of	O
secondary	O
events	O
,	O
including	O
fibrosis	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Nosocomial	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
control	O
in	O
healthcare	O
settings	O
:	O
Protection	O
against	O
emerging	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
.	O

Strict	O
infection	B-DISO
control	O
measures	O
were	O
taken	O
in	O
the	O
hospital	O
where	O
an	O
imported	O
case	O
with	O
MERS	O
was	O
treated	O
in	O
southern	O
China	O
and	O
53	O
health	O
care	O
workers	O
were	O
confirmed	O
to	O
be	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
negative	O
.	O

The	O
mortality	O
of	O
the	O
22	O
subjects	O
meeting	O
the	O
AECC	O
,	O
but	O
not	O
the	O
Berlin	O
definition	O
was	O
not	O
different	O
from	O
patients	O
without	O
ARDS	B-DISO
(	O
P	O
=	O
.	O
91	O
).	O

Zoonotic	O
spillover	O
from	O
camels	B-SPEC
appears	O
to	O
play	O
a	O
major	O
role	O
in	O
transmission	O
.	O

Experimentally	O
infected	O
animals	B-SPEC
were	O
protected	O
against	O
reinfection	O
,	O
and	O
those	O
infected	O
by	O
contact	O
were	O
partially	O
protected	O
.	O

Necropsy	O
specimens	O
from	O
immunologically	O
naive	O
animals	B-SPEC
(	O
n	O
=	O
3	O
)	O
obtained	O
on	O
day	O
5	O
postinfection	O
showed	O
virus	B-SPEC
in	O
the	O
upper	B-ANAT
respiratory	I-ANAT
tract	I-ANAT
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
Antibodies	B-COMP
in	O
Humans	B-SPEC
,	O
Africa	O
,	O
2013	O
-	O
2014	O
.	O

To	O
search	O
for	O
evidence	O
of	O
autochthonous	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
infection	B-DISO
in	O
humans	B-SPEC
,	O
we	O
tested	O
archived	O
serum	B-COMP
from	O
livestock	O
handlers	O
in	O
Kenya	O
for	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
antibodies	B-COMP
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
All	O
eukaryotic	O
positive	O
-	O
stranded	O
RNA	O
(+	O
RNA	O
)	O
viruses	O
appropriate	O
host	O
cell	B-COMP
membranes	I-COMP
and	O
transform	O
them	O
into	O
replication	O
organelles	B-COMP
,	O
specialized	O
micro	O
-	O
environments	O
that	O
are	O
thought	O
to	O
support	O
viral	O
RNA	B-PROC
synthesis	I-PROC
.	O

In	O
the	O
last	O
years	O
,	O
electron	O
tomography	O
has	O
revealed	O
substantial	O
differences	O
between	O
the	O
structures	O
induced	O
by	O
these	O
different	O
virus	B-SPEC
groups	O
.	O

Arterivirus	B-SPEC
-	O
induced	O
DMVs	O
appear	O
to	O
be	O
closed	O
compartments	B-ANAT
that	O
are	O
continuous	O
with	O
endoplasmic	B-COMP
reticulum	I-COMP
membranes	B-ANAT
,	O
thus	O
forming	O
an	O
extensive	O
reticulovesicular	O
network	O
(	O
RVN	O
)	O
of	O
intriguing	O
complexity	O
.	O

Using	O
the	O
equine	B-SPEC
arteritis	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
EAV	B-SPEC
)	O
model	O
system	O
and	O
electron	O
tomography	O
,	O
we	O
present	O
new	O
data	O
regarding	O
the	O
biogenesis	B-PROC
of	O
arterivirus	B-SPEC
-	O
induced	O
DMVs	O
and	O
uncover	O
numerous	O
putative	O
intermediates	O
in	O
DMV	O
formation	B-PROC
.	O

Initial	O
vital	O
signs	O
demonstrated	O
a	O
median	O
oxygen	B-CHED
saturation	O
of	O
94	O
%	O
(	O
range	O
90	O
-	O
97	O
%)	O
supported	O
with	O
a	O
FiO2	O
of	O
100	O
%	O
for	O
all	O
patients	O
with	O
a	O
median	O
positive	O
end	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
expiratory	I-PROC
pressure	O
(	O
PEEP	B-CHED
)	O
of	O
16	O
(	O
range	O
14	O
-	O
20	O
).	O

There	O
were	O
no	O
deaths	B-PROC
or	O
major	O
incidents	O
(	O
tube	O
dislodgement	O
or	O
line	O
displacement	O
)	O
during	O
patient	O
transport	B-PROC
.	O

This	O
chapter	O
describes	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
an	O
insect	B-SPEC
cell	B-COMP
expression	B-PROC
system	O
for	O
rapid	O
production	O
of	O
a	O
recombinant	O
vaccine	O
against	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
).	O

Three	O
patients	O
in	O
CV	O
with	O
LVRM	O
group	O
failed	O
to	O
wean	B-PROC
oxygen	B-CHED
requirement	O
and	O
were	O
cross	O
-	O
over	O
to	O
HFOV	O
group	O
.	O

HFOV	O
combined	O
with	O
LVRM	O
in	O
severe	O
pediatric	O
ARDS	B-DISO
had	O
superior	O
oxygenation	B-PROC
and	O
tended	O
to	O
have	O
better	O
clinical	O
effect	O
over	O
CV	O
.	O

We	O
represent	O
a	O
5	O
-	O
year	O
-	O
old	O
CD	O
patient	O
with	O
previous	O
bronchiolitis	B-DISO
episodes	O
that	O
might	O
have	O
resulted	O
from	O
CD	O
-	O
associated	O
pulmonary	O
involvement	O
;	O
whom	O
later	O
developed	O
severe	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
resulting	O
in	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
and	O
bronchiectasia	O
following	O
a	O
colectomy	O
operation	O
.	O

In	O
addition	O
,	O
we	O
defined	O
severe	O
esophageal	B-DISO
dysfunction	I-DISO
using	O
esophageal	O
manometry	O
and	O
esophageal	O
morphometry	O
criteria	O
on	O
the	O
basis	O
of	O
chest	B-ANAT
computed	O
tomography	O
images	O
.	O

The	O
remaining	O
post	O
-	O
lung	B-ANAT
transplant	B-ANAT
outcomes	O
evaluated	O
were	O
also	O
similar	O
between	O
SSc	O
and	O
the	O
other	O
groups	O
.	O

Importantly	O
,	O
esophageal	B-DISO
dysfunction	I-DISO
was	O
the	O
sole	B-ANAT
reason	O
for	O
lung	B-ANAT
transplant	B-ANAT
denial	B-DISO
in	O
a	O
single	O
case	O
.	O

Together	O
,	O
our	O
results	O
provide	O
powerful	O
evidence	O
that	O
RA	O
can	O
assist	O
whole	O
inactivated	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
(	O
WI	O
-	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
)	O
via	O
subcutaneous	O
(	O
s	O
.	O
c	O
.	O

immunization	O
to	O
generate	O
intestinal	B-ANAT
immunity	B-PROC
,	O
and	O
offer	O
new	O
vaccination	O
strategies	O
against	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
.	O

In	O
particular	O
,	O
the	O
RAS	B-PRGE
has	O
been	O
implicated	O
as	O
advances	O
in	O
the	O
understanding	O
of	O
the	O
multifunctionality	O
of	O
individual	O
components	O
of	O
the	O
system	O
have	O
been	O
made	O
,	O
and	O
by	O
the	O
fact	O
that	O
the	O
RAS	B-PRGE
acts	O
not	O
only	O
systemically	O
,	O
but	O
also	O
locally	O
in	O
a	O
variety	O
of	O
tissues	B-ANAT
,	O
including	O
the	O
lung	B-ANAT
.	O

The	O
result	O
was	O
positive	O
in	O
66	O
.	O
5	O
%	O
of	O
cases	O
,	O
RSV	B-SPEC
was	O
the	O
most	O
common	O
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
40	O
.	O
2	O
%).	O

Possible	O
related	O
risk	O
factors	O
for	O
RSV	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
were	O
low	O
age	O
upon	O
entry	O
,	O
attendance	O
of	O
daycare	O
,	O
low	O
gestational	O
age	O
,	O
and	O
low	O
educational	O
level	O
of	O
the	O
father	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
vaccine	O
candidates	O
in	O
development	B-PROC
:	O
The	O
current	O
landscape	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
),	O
an	O
emerging	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
of	O
growing	O
global	O
importance	O
,	O
has	O
caused	O
severe	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
in	O
more	O
than	O
1600	O
people	O
,	O
resulting	O
in	O
more	O
than	O
600	O
deaths	B-PROC
.	O

Despite	O
the	O
relatively	O
few	O
number	O
of	O
cases	O
to	O
-	O
date	O
,	O
research	O
and	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
vaccine	O
candidates	O
is	O
advancing	O
quickly	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Tuning	O
in	O
and	O
catching	B-DISO
on	O
?	O

The	O
Middle	O
East	O
Respiratory	O
Syndrome	B-DISO
(	O
MERS	O
)	O
that	O
was	O
followed	O
closely	O
by	O
major	O
media	B-ANAT
outlets	O
in	O
the	O
USA	O
provides	O
an	O
opportunity	O
to	O
examine	O
the	O
relationship	O
between	O
exposure	O
to	O
public	O
communication	O
about	O
epidemics	O
and	O
public	O
awareness	O
and	O
knowledge	O
about	O
new	O
risks	O
.	O

When	O
organ	B-ANAT
dysfunction	O
occurs	O
,	O
the	O
primary	O
clinical	O
management	O
of	O
critically	B-DISO
ill	I-DISO
patients	O
is	O
based	O
on	O
support	O
/	O
replacement	O
of	O
organ	B-ANAT
function	O
until	O
recovery	O
.	O

To	O
limit	O
the	O
deleterious	O
effects	O
of	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
and	O
avoid	O
excessive	O
carbon	B-CHED
dioxide	I-CHED
accumulation	O
,	O
devices	O
for	O
extracorporeal	O
CO2	B-CHED
removal	O
(	O
ECCO2R	O
),	O
have	O
been	O
developed	O
.	O

PDCoV	O
diarrhea	B-DISO
was	O
first	O
reported	O
in	O
the	O
US	O
in	O
early	O
2014	O
,	O
concurrently	O
with	O
co	O
-	O
circulation	B-PROC
of	O
porcine	B-SPEC
epidemic	I-SPEC
diarrhea	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
)	O
(	O
family	B-SPEC
Coronaviridae	I-SPEC
,	O
genus	B-SPEC
Alphacoronavirus	B-SPEC
).	O

TC	O
-	O
PDCoV	O
strains	O
will	O
be	O
useful	O
to	O
develop	O
serologic	O
assays	O
and	O
to	O
evaluate	O
if	O
serial	O
cell	B-COMP
-	O
culture	O
passage	O
attenuates	O
TC	O
-	O
PDCoV	O
as	O
a	O
potential	O
vaccine	O
candidate	O
strain	O
.	O

Infection	B-DISO
control	O
deficiencies	O
included	O
limited	O
separation	B-DISO
of	O
suspected	O
MERS	O
patients	O
,	O
patient	O
crowding	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
inconsistent	O
use	O
of	O
infection	B-DISO
control	O
precautions	O
;	O
aggressive	B-DISO
improvements	O
in	O
these	O
deficiencies	O
preceded	O
a	O
decline	O
in	O
cases	O
.	O

Detection	O
of	O
amplification	B-DISO
products	O
based	O
on	O
labeled	O
probe	O
primers	O
was	O
conducted	O
with	O
strip	O
binding	B-FUNC
antibody	B-COMP
of	O
labeled	O
markers	O
.	O

The	O
presence	O
of	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
was	O
confirmed	O
by	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
of	O
viral	O
cultures	O
of	O
4	O
of	O
7	O
air	B-CHED
samples	O
from	O
2	O
patients	O
'	O
rooms	O
,	O
1	O
patient	O
'	O
s	O
restroom	O
,	O
and	O
1	O
common	O
corridor	O
.	O

IFA	O
on	O
the	O
cultures	O
of	O
the	O
air	B-CHED
and	O
swab	O
samples	O
revealed	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
.	O
EM	O
images	O
also	O
revealed	O
intact	O
particles	O
of	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
in	O
viral	O
cultures	O
of	O
the	O
air	B-CHED
and	O
swab	O
samples	O
.	O

It	O
is	O
unclear	O
which	O
type	O
of	O
PPE	B-CHED
protects	O
best	O
,	O
what	O
is	O
the	O
best	O
way	O
to	O
remove	O
PPE	B-CHED
,	O
and	O
how	O
to	O
make	O
sure	O
HCWs	O
use	O
PPE	B-CHED
as	O
instructed	O
.	O

This	O
included	O
studies	O
that	O
simulated	O
contamination	O
with	O
fluorescent	O
markers	O
or	O
a	O
non	O
-	O
pathogenic	O
virus	B-SPEC
.	O

We	O
also	O
found	O
very	O
low	O
quality	O
evidence	O
that	O
double	O
gloving	O
and	O
CDC	O
doffing	O
guidance	O
appear	O
to	O
decrease	O
the	O
risk	O
of	O
contamination	O
and	O
that	O
more	O
active	O
training	O
in	O
PPE	B-CHED
use	O
may	O
reduce	O
PPE	B-CHED
and	O
doffing	O
errors	O
more	O
than	O
passive	O
training	O
.	O

HCWs	O
exposed	O
to	O
highly	O
infectious	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
should	O
have	O
their	O
use	O
of	O
PPE	B-CHED
registered	O
and	O
should	O
be	O
prospectively	O
followed	O
for	O
their	O
risk	O
of	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
infection	B-DISO
has	O
claimed	O
hundreds	O
of	O
lives	O
and	O
has	O
become	O
a	O
global	O
threat	O
since	O
its	O
emergence	O
in	O
Saudi	O
Arabia	O
in	O
2012	O
.	O

Using	O
chimeric	O
and	O
truncation	B-DISO
mutants	O
,	O
the	O
N	O
-	O
terminal	O
transmembrane	B-COMP
domains	O
of	O
the	O
MERS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
M	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
were	O
found	O
to	O
be	O
sufficient	O
for	O
its	O
inhibitory	O
effect	O
on	O
IFN	B-PRGE
expression	B-PROC
,	O
whereas	O
the	O
C	O
-	O
terminal	O
domain	O
was	O
unable	O
to	O
induce	O
this	O
suppression	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
incidence	O
of	O
AHF	O
was	O
44	O
%	O
and	O
incidence	O
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
was	O
23	O
%.	O

However	O
,	O
23	O
patients	O
with	O
pre	O
-	O
operative	O
normal	O
lung	B-ANAT
status	O
developed	O
AHF	O
/	O
ARDS	B-DISO
in	O
relation	O
to	O
the	O
surgical	O
procedure	O
,	O
whereas	O
12	O
patients	O
with	O
AHF	O
/	O
ARDS	B-DISO
normalized	O
their	O
lung	B-ANAT
condition	B-DISO
.	O

We	O
found	O
that	O
the	O
incidence	O
of	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
in	O
ICU	O
treated	O
patients	O
with	O
pelvis	B-ANAT
fractures	O
was	O
high	O
,	O
that	O
the	O
procedure	O
around	O
surgical	O
stabilization	O
seems	O
to	O
be	O
associated	O
with	O
a	O
worsening	O
in	O
the	O
respiratory	B-PROC
function	I-PROC
in	O
patients	O
with	O
lung	B-ANAT
contusion	O
,	O
and	O
that	O
mortality	O
was	O
low	O
and	O
was	O
probably	O
not	O
related	O
to	O
the	O
respiratory	O
condition	B-DISO
.	O

Plasma	B-ANAT
was	O
sampled	O
from	O
the	O
healthy	O
as	O
controls	O
or	O
patients	O
with	O
SP	O
infected	O
with	O
bacteria	B-SPEC
or	O
infection	B-DISO
-	O
associated	O
SP	O
-	O
ARDS	B-DISO
on	O
the	O
day	O
of	O
admission	O
,	O
day	O
3	O
,	O
and	O
day	O
7	O
.	O

ARDS	B-DISO
patients	O
with	O
overexpressed	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
6	I-FUNC
,	O
CXCL16	B-PRGE
,	O
or	O
IGFBP	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
4	I-PRGE
had	O
significantly	O
longer	O
hospital	O
stay	O
and	O
higher	O
incidence	O
of	O
secondary	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
.	O

Our	O
preliminary	O
study	O
suggested	O
that	O
integration	B-PROC
of	O
proteomic	O
profiles	O
with	O
clinical	O
informatics	O
as	O
part	O
of	O
clinical	O
bioinformatics	O
is	O
important	O
to	O
validate	O
and	O
optimize	O
disease	O
-	O
specific	O
and	O
disease	O
-	O
staged	O
biomarkers	O
.	O

In	O
nonclinical	O
studies	O
involving	O
lethal	O
infections	B-DISO
with	O
Ebola	O
virus	B-SPEC
,	I-SPEC
Marburg	I-SPEC
virus	B-SPEC
,	O
Rift	B-SPEC
Valley	I-SPEC
fever	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
,	O
and	O
Yellow	B-SPEC
Fever	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
,	O
BCX4430	O
has	O
demonstrated	O
pronounced	O
efficacy	O
.	O

ICC	B-DISO
staining	O
of	O
CSF	B-ANAT
macrophages	B-ANAT
was	O
performed	O
in	O
all	O
cats	B-SPEC
.	O

Conclusions	O
and	O
relevance	O
CSF	B-ANAT
ICC	B-DISO
is	O
a	O
highly	O
sensitive	O
test	O
for	O
ante	O
-	O
mortem	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
FIP	B-DISO
manifesting	O
in	O
the	O
CNS	B-CHED
.	O

It	O
was	O
hypothesized	O
that	O
Mmp3	B-PRGE
deficient	O
(	O
Mmp3	B-PRGE
(-/-))	O
mice	B-SPEC
would	O
be	O
protected	O
against	O
lung	B-ANAT
dysfunction	O
associated	O
with	O
ARDS	B-DISO
and	O
maintain	O
a	O
functional	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
surfactant	B-CHED
system	O
.	O

Enterovirus	B-SPEC
/	O
rhinovirus	B-SPEC
was	O
detected	O
in	O
51	O
.	O
7	O
%	O
patients	O
,	O
followed	O
by	O
parainfluenza	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
type	O
III	O
(	O
8	O
.	O
3	O
%),	O
and	O
RSV	B-SPEC
(	O
5	O
.	O
7	O
%).	O

This	O
study	O
extends	O
current	O
knowledge	O
on	O
the	O
diversity	O
and	O
epidemiology	O
of	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
.	O

G6PD	B-PRGE
-	O
deficient	O
cells	B-COMP
experience	O
a	O
high	O
level	O
of	O
oxidative	B-DISO
stress	I-DISO
and	O
an	O
increased	O
susceptibility	O
to	O
viral	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Prone	O
positioning	O
is	O
recommended	O
as	O
a	O
rescue	O
therapy	O
to	O
improve	O
arterial	O
oxygenation	B-PROC
in	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
).	O

Across	O
a	O
highly	O
conserved	O
region	O
of	O
the	O
viral	B-PRGE
polymerase	I-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
,	O
the	O
new	O
members	O
of	O
this	O
clade	O
were	O
up	O
to	O
22	O
%	O
dissimilar	O
at	O
the	O
nucleotide	B-CHED
level	O
to	O
the	O
previously	O
described	O
Lucheng	O
virus	B-SPEC
.	O

As	O
such	O
they	O
might	O
represent	O
distinct	O
species	B-SPEC
of	O
alphacoronaviruses	O
.	O

In	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
we	O
describe	O
a	O
method	O
for	O
the	O
swift	B-SPEC
generation	O
of	O
a	O
human	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
derived	I-PRGE
monoclonal	I-PRGE
antibody	B-COMP
,	O
known	O
as	O
LCA60	O
,	O
as	O
a	O
treatment	O
for	O
MERS	O
infections	B-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Porcine	O
epidemic	O
diarrhea	O
virus	O
(	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
)	O
is	O
the	O
main	O
causative	O
agent	O
of	O
porcine	B-SPEC
epidemic	B-DISO
diarrhea	I-DISO
(	O
PED	O
).	O

The	O
amino	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
(	O
AA	B-CHED
)	O
sequence	O
of	O
S	B-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
of	O
YC2014	O
shared	O
only	O
92	O
.	O
8	O
%	O
~	O
93	O
.	O
4	O
%	O
identities	O
with	O
classical	O
CV777	O
,	O
DR13	O
and	O
JS2008	O
strains	O
,	O
with	O
5	O
AA	B-CHED
insertion	O
in	O
two	O
sites	O
and	O
1	O
AA	B-CHED
deletion	O
in	O
one	O
site	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
discovery	O
of	O
novel	O
antiviral	B-CHED
materials	O
is	O
important	O
because	O
many	O
infectious	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
are	O
caused	O
by	O
viruses	B-SPEC
.	O

Since	O
domain	O
N3	O
is	O
also	O
the	O
region	O
of	O
N	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
that	O
interacts	O
with	O
the	O
membrane	B-COMP
(	O
M	O
)	O
protein	B-CHED
,	O
this	O
finding	O
suggests	O
a	O
mechanism	O
by	O
which	O
selective	O
genome	O
packaging	O
is	O
accomplished	O
,	O
through	O
the	O
coupling	O
of	O
genome	O
encapsidation	O
to	O
virion	O
assembly	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Coronavirus	B-SPEC
Infection	I-DISO
in	O
Ferrets	B-SPEC
:	O
Antigen	B-CHED
Distribution	O
and	O
Inflammatory	B-DISO
Response	I-DISO
.	O

Nasal	B-ANAT
swabs	O
were	O
collected	O
from	O
114	O
cattle	B-SPEC
on	O
initial	O
BRD	O
treatment	O
.	O

Swabs	O
and	O
tissue	B-ANAT
homogenates	O
were	O
tested	O
by	O
gel	O
based	O
PCR	O
(	O
G	O
-	O
PCR	O
),	O
quantitative	O
-	O
PCR	O
(	O
qPCR	O
)	O
and	O
quantitative	O
real	O
time	O
reverse	B-PRGE
transcriptase	I-PRGE
PCR	O
(	O
qRT	O
-	O
PCR	O
)	O
and	O
viral	O
culture	O
.	O

There	O
were	O
87	O
/	O
114	O
(	O
76	O
.	O
3	O
%)	O
swabs	O
positive	O
for	O
at	O
least	O
one	O
virus	B-SPEC
by	O
at	O
least	O
one	O
test	O
.	O

However	O
based	O
on	O
sequencing	O
and	O
analysis	O
,	O
field	O
and	O
vaccine	O
strains	O
of	O
culture	O
positive	O
BoHV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
1	I-SPEC
,	O
BoCV	O
,	O
BVDV	B-SPEC
,	O
and	O
PI3V	O
,	O
11	O
/	O
18	O
(	O
61	O
.	O
1	O
%)	O
of	O
BoHV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
1	I-SPEC
isolates	O
,	O
6	O
/	O
17	O
(	O
35	O
.	O
3	O
%)	O
BVDV	B-SPEC
isolates	O
,	O
and	O
1	O
/	O
10	O
(	O
10	O
.	O
0	O
%)	O
PI3V	O
identified	O
as	O
vaccine	O
.	O

BRSV	B-SPEC
was	O
only	O
identified	O
by	O
PCR	O
testing	O
.	O

Interpretation	O
of	O
laboratory	O
tests	O
is	O
appropriate	O
as	O
molecular	O
based	O
tests	O
and	O
virus	B-SPEC
isolation	O
cannot	O
separate	O
field	O
from	O
vaccine	O
strains	O
.	O

SAIBK2	O
causes	O
severe	O
kidney	B-ANAT
lesions	O
and	O
results	O
in	O
50	O
%	O
mortality	O
in	O
30	O
-	O
day	O
-	O
old	O
specific	O
-	O
pathogen	O
-	O
free	O
chickens	B-SPEC
(	O
with	O
a	O
dose	O
of	O
10	O
(	O
5	O
)	O
EID50	O
/	O
0	O
.	O
1	O
mL	O
SAIBK2	O
per	O
chicken	B-SPEC
).	O

1	O
.	O
0	O
ml	O
/	O
cm	O
H2O	B-CHED
(	O
p	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
001	O
))	O
moreover	O
,	O
there	O
was	O
a	O
concurrent	O
increase	O
in	O
PaO2	O
:	O
FiO2	O
(+	O
113	O
+/-	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
In	O
patients	O
with	O
traumatic	O
brain	O
injury	O
(	O
TBI	O
),	O
optimizing	O
sedation	B-DISO
is	O
challenging	O
because	O
maintaining	O
a	O
clinical	O
examination	O
is	O
important	O
in	O
being	O
able	O
to	O
detect	O
neurological	O
deterioration	O
.	O

Propofol	B-CHED
(	O
PROP	B-CHED
)	O
is	O
frequently	O
used	O
as	O
a	O
sedative	B-CHED
in	O
TBI	O
since	O
it	O
has	O
been	O
shown	O
to	O
reduce	O
the	O
cerebral	B-ANAT
metabolic	B-PROC
rate	I-PROC
,	O
but	O
it	O
may	O
lead	O
to	O
PROP	B-CHED
-	O
related	O
infusion	O
syndrome	B-DISO
and	O
hemodynamic	B-PROC
compromise	O
.	O

The	O
purpose	O
of	O
this	O
study	O
was	O
to	O
determine	O
whether	O
sedation	B-DISO
with	O
DEX	O
would	O
be	O
safe	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
TBI	O
.	O

The	O
clinical	O
data	O
of	O
58	O
adult	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
ARDS	B-DISO
,	O
which	O
met	B-CHED
the	O
criteria	O
for	O
ECMO	O
and	O
treated	O
in	O
comprehensive	O
intensive	O
care	O
unit	O
of	O
the	O
Second	O
Affiliated	O
Hospital	O
of	O
Zhengzhou	O
University	O
from	O
August	O
2012	O
to	O
June	O
2015	O
,	O
were	O
retrospectively	O
collected	O
and	O
analyzed	O
.	O

After	O
ECMO	O
running	O
3	O
days	O
,	O
most	O
factors	O
of	O
the	O
ECMO	O
survival	O
group	O
were	O
better	O
than	O
those	O
of	O
the	O
control	O
group	O
(	O
all	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
)	O
except	O
MAP	B-PRGE
,	O
but	O
most	O
factors	O
between	O
the	O
ECMO	O
non	O
-	O
survival	O
group	O
and	O
the	O
control	O
group	O
were	O
not	O
significantly	O
different	O
(	O
all	O
P	O
>	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
),	O
while	O
the	O
serum	B-COMP
lactate	B-CHED
level	O
was	O
higher	O
(	O
t	O
=-	O
3	O
.	O
156	O
,	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
003	O
)	O
and	O
the	O
MAP	O
lower	O
(	O
t	O
=	O
3	O
.	O
578	O
,	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
001	O
).	O

Public	O
Health	O
England	O
Birmingham	O
Laboratory	O
(	O
PHEBL	O
)	O
is	O
one	O
of	O
a	O
few	O
selected	O
UK	O
public	O
health	O
laboratories	O
responsible	O
for	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
screening	O
in	O
travellers	O
returning	O
to	O
the	O
UK	O
from	O
the	O
Middle	O
East	O
who	O
present	O
to	O
hospital	O
with	O
severe	O
respiratory	B-DISO
symptoms	I-DISO
.	O

A	O
viral	O
aetiology	O
was	O
detected	O
in	O
half	O
(	O
50	O
.	O
3	O
%)	O
of	O
the	O
cases	O
,	O
with	O
rhinoviruses	B-SPEC
,	O
influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
(	O
H1N1	O
and	O
H3N2	B-CHED
),	O
and	O
influenza	B-DISO
B	O
being	O
most	O
frequent	O
.	O

Peak	O
testing	O
occurred	O
following	O
the	O
annual	O
Hajj	O
season	O
and	O
in	O
other	O
periods	B-PROC
of	O
raised	O
national	O
awareness	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Formation	B-PROC
of	O
fibroblastic	O
reticular	O
network	O
in	O
the	O
brain	B-ANAT
after	O
infection	B-DISO
with	O
neurovirulent	O
murine	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
.	O

However	O
,	O
during	O
the	O
initial	O
phase	O
of	O
infection	B-DISO
between	O
12	O
and	O
24	O
h	O
post	O
-	O
inoculation	O
(	O
hpi	B-DISO
),	O
the	O
viral	O
antigens	B-CHED
are	O
detected	O
only	O
in	O
the	O
meninges	B-ANAT
,	O
followed	O
by	O
viral	O
spread	O
into	O
the	O
ventricular	B-ANAT
wall	I-ANAT
before	O
invasion	B-DISO
into	O
the	O
brain	B-ANAT
parenchyma	B-ANAT
,	O
indicating	O
that	O
the	O
viruses	B-SPEC
employ	O
a	O
passage	O
between	O
the	O
meninges	B-ANAT
and	O
ventricular	B-ANAT
wall	I-ANAT
as	O
an	O
entry	O
route	O
into	O
the	O
brain	B-ANAT
parenchyma	B-ANAT
.	O

At	O
48	O
hpi	B-DISO
,	O
the	O
passage	O
was	O
found	O
to	O
be	O
constructed	O
by	O
ER	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
TR7	I-PRGE
antigen	I-PRGE
(	O
ERag	O
)-	O
positive	O
fibers	O
(	O
ERfibs	O
)	O
associated	O
with	O
laminin	B-PRGE
and	O
collagen	B-PRGE
III	I-PRGE
between	O
the	O
fourth	B-ANAT
ventricle	I-ANAT
and	O
meninges	B-ANAT
at	O
the	O
cerebellopontine	B-ANAT
angle	I-ANAT
.	O

In	O
the	O
brain	B-ANAT
parenchyma	B-ANAT
,	O
mature	O
ERfibs	O
associated	O
with	O
laminin	B-PRGE
were	O
found	O
around	O
blood	B-ANAT
vessels	I-ANAT
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Early	O
Percutaneous	O
Heparin	B-CHED
-	O
Free	O
Veno	O
-	O
Venous	B-ANAT
Extra	O
Corporeal	O
Life	O
Support	O
(	O
ECLS	O
)	O
is	O
a	O
Safe	O
and	O
Effective	O
Means	O
of	O
Salvaging	O
Hypoxemic	O
Patients	O
with	O
Complicated	O
Chest	O
Trauma	O
.	O

MicroRNAs	O
(	O
miRNAs	O
),	O
a	O
type	O
of	O
non	O
-	O
coding	O
RNA	O
molecule	O
that	O
regulate	O
gene	B-PROC
expression	I-PROC
at	O
the	O
post	O
-	O
transcriptional	B-PROC
level	O
,	O
have	O
emerged	O
as	O
a	O
novel	O
class	B-SPEC
of	O
gene	O
regulators	O
,	O
which	O
have	O
critical	O
roles	O
in	O
a	O
wide	O
range	O
of	O
human	B-SPEC
disorders	O
and	O
diseases	O
,	O
including	O
ALI	O
.	O

The	O
regulation	B-PROC
of	O
miRNA	O
can	O
relieve	O
injury	O
response	O
and	O
promote	O
the	O
recovery	O
of	O
ALI	O
/	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Bovine	B-SPEC
Rotavirus	B-SPEC
and	O
Bovine	B-SPEC
Coronavirus	B-SPEC
are	O
the	O
most	O
important	O
causes	O
of	O
diarrhea	B-DISO
in	O
newborn	O
calves	O
and	O
in	O
some	O
other	O
species	B-SPEC
such	O
as	O
pigs	B-SPEC
and	O
sheep	B-SPEC
.	O

Spike	O
glycoprotein	B-CHED
of	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
is	O
responsible	O
for	O
induction	O
of	O
neutralizing	O
antibody	B-PROC
response	I-PROC
.	O

Finally	O
,	O
a	O
chimeric	O
antigen	B-CHED
was	O
designed	O
using	O
computational	O
techniques	O
.	O

The	O
chimeric	O
VP8	O
-	O
S2	O
antigen	B-CHED
was	O
constructed	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Complete	O
Genome	O
Sequence	O
of	O
Middle	O
East	O
Respiratory	O
Syndrome	B-DISO
Coronavirus	B-SPEC
Isolated	O
from	O
a	O
Dromedary	B-SPEC
Camel	B-SPEC
in	O
Egypt	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Porcine	B-SPEC
epidemic	I-SPEC
diarrhea	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
),	O
a	O
member	O
of	O
the	O
genus	B-SPEC
Alphacoronavirus	B-SPEC
,	O
has	O
caused	O
significant	O
damage	O
to	O
the	O
Asian	O
and	O
American	O
pork	O
industries	O
.	O

Results	O
of	O
additional	O
tests	O
finally	O
excluded	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
thromboembolism	I-DISO
and	O
acute	B-DISO
coronary	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

The	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
inverted	O
stress	O
-	O
induced	O
cardiomyopathy	B-DISO
was	O
set	O
upon	O
the	O
overall	O
clinical	O
data	O
.	O

An	O
adjusted	O
multivariable	O
linear	O
regression	O
model	O
using	O
the	O
natural	O
logarithmic	O
value	O
of	O
the	O
maximum	O
sedative	B-CHED
exposure	O
in	O
a	O
6	O
-	O
hour	O
period	O
revealed	O
that	O
patient	O
age	O
(	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
04	O
)	O
and	O
administration	O
of	O
high	O
-	O
dose	O
fentanyl	B-CHED
in	O
the	O
24	O
hours	O
prior	O
to	O
the	O
6	O
-	O
hour	O
period	O
of	O
maximum	O
sedative	B-CHED
use	O
(	O
p	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
0001	O
)	O
were	O
each	O
independently	O
associated	O
with	O
the	O
maximum	O
6	O
-	O
hour	O
sedative	B-CHED
requirement	O
reached	O
,	O
but	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
ECMO	O
was	O
not	O
(	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
52	O
).	O

Compared	O
with	O
non	O
-	O
ILD	O
group	O
,	O
though	O
the	O
compliance	O
of	O
respiratory	B-ANAT
system	I-ANAT
in	O
ILD	O
group	O
is	O
increased	O
during	O
PPV	B-CHED
,	O
long	O
-	O
term	O
effect	O
is	O
better	O
in	O
non	O
-	O
ILD	O
group	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
investigate	O
the	O
value	O
of	O
high	O
flow	O
nasal	B-ANAT
cannula	B-SPEC
(	O
HFNC	O
)	O
in	O
treating	O
a	O
patient	O
with	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
(	O
MERS	O
).	O

The	O
patient	O
was	O
admitted	O
to	O
Department	O
of	O
Critical	O
Care	O
Medicine	B-CHED
of	O
Huizhou	O
Municipal	O
Central	O
Hospital	O
on	O
May	O
28th	O
,	O
2015	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
changes	O
in	O
various	O
clinical	O
parameters	O
and	O
their	O
significance	O
were	O
analyzed	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
after	O
2	O
-	O
week	O
anti	O
-	O
virus	B-SPEC
therapy	O
,	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
test	O
was	O
positive	O
.	O

According	O
to	O
his	O
past	O
history	O
,	O
methimazole	B-CHED
had	O
been	O
given	O
continuously	O
for	O
hyperthyroidism	B-DISO
and	O
other	O
symptomatic	O
treatment	O
.	O

Activities	O
on	O
bed	B-DISO
were	O
gradually	O
increased	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
A	O
43	O
-	O
year	O
old	O
male	O
was	O
admitted	O
to	O
negative	O
pressure	O
isolation	O
intensive	O
care	O
unit	O
with	O
the	O
complaint	O
of	O
back	B-DISO
ache	I-DISO
for	O
7	O
days	O
and	O
fever	B-PROC
for	O
2	O
days	O
.	O

Risk	O
factors	O
of	O
severe	O
trauma	O
patients	O
were	O
sorted	B-PROC
,	O
from	O
which	O
the	O
meaningful	O
indicators	O
were	O
included	O
to	O
calculate	O
the	O
warning	O
score	O
of	O
death	B-PROC
.	O

51	O
.	O
50	O
±	O
18	O
.	O
31	O
vs	O
.	O
45	O
.	O
54	O
±	O
14	O
.	O
70	O
,	O
t	O
=	O
-	O
2	O
.	O
456	O
,	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
016	O
);	O
SCr	O
was	O
increased	O
(	O
µmol	O
/	O
L	O
:	O
94	O
.	O
18	O
±	O
65	O
.	O
51	O
vs	O
.	O
72	O
.	O
42	O
±	O
28	O
.	O
22	O
,	O
t	O
=	O
-	O
2	O
.	O
611	O
,	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
011	O
);	O
APACHE	O
II	O
score	O
(	O
24	O
.	O
30	O
±	O
6	O
.	O
23	O
vs	O
.	O
16	O
.	O
38	O
±	O
6	O
.	O
19	O
,	O
t	O
=	O
-	O
9	O
.	O
353	O
,	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
001	O
)	O
and	O
SOFA	O
score	O
were	O
higher	O
(	O
7	O
.	O
84	O
±	O
3	O
.	O
68	O
vs	O
.	O
4	O
.	O
43	O
±	O
2	O
.	O
75	O
,	O
t	O
=	O
-	O
7	O
.	O
049	O
,	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
001	O
);	O
and	O
the	O
incidence	O
of	O
emergency	B-DISO
intubation	O
[	O
79	O
.	O
7	O
%	O
(	O
51	O
/	O
64	O
)	O
vs	O
.	O
42	O
.	O
7	O
%	O
(	O
141	O
/	O
330	O
),	O
χ²	O
=	O
29	O
.	O
309	O
,	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
001	O
]	O
and	O
sepsis	B-DISO
was	O
also	O
higher	O
[	O
48	O
.	O
4	O
%	O
(	O
31	O
/	O
64	O
)	O
vs	O
.	O
30	O
.	O
3	O
%	O
(	O
100	O
/	O
330	O
),	O
χ²	O
=	O
18	O
.	O
512	O
,	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
001	O
],	O
but	O
PLT	O
count	O
(	O
X	O
10⁹	O
/	O
L	O
:	O
112	O
.	O
75	O
±	O
59	O
.	O
85	O
vs	O
.	O
144	O
.	O
12	O
±	O
68	O
.	O
28	O
,	O
t	O
=	O
3	O
.	O
428	O
,	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
001	O
)	O
and	O
GCS	O
score	O
(	O
6	O
.	O
44	O
±	O
4	O
.	O
20	O
vs	O
.	O
11	O
.	O
02	O
±	O
3	O
.	O
93	O
,	O
t	O
=	O
8	O
.	O
449	O
,	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
001	O
)	O
were	O
significantly	O
lower	O
.	O

The	O
indicators	O
with	O
statistically	O
significant	O
difference	O
from	O
the	O
univariate	O
analysis	O
were	O
further	O
analyzed	O
by	O
multivariate	O
logistic	O
regression	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
indices	O
included	O
in	O
the	O
regression	O
model	O
were	O
age	O
≥	O
65	O
years	O
[	O
95	O
%	O
confidence	O
interval	O
(	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
)	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
176	O
-	O
1	O
.	O
974	O
,	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
019	O
],	O
APACHE	O
II	O
score	O
≥	O
21	O
(	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
121	O
-	O
2	O
.	O
725	O
,	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
032	O
),	O
GCS	O
<	O
6	O
(	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
201	O
-	O
3	O
.	O
221	O
,	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
026	O
),	O
severe	B-DISO
sepsis	I-DISO
(	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
421	O
-	O
2	O
.	O
735	O
,	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
008	O
)	O
or	O
septic	B-DISO
shock	I-DISO
(	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
430	O
-	O
3	O
.	O
636	O
,	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
013	O
),	O
with	O
assigning	O
scores	O
of	O
1	O
.	O
0	O
,	O
1	O
.	O
5	O
,	O
1	O
.	O
5	O
,	O
1	O
.	O
5	O
,	O
2	O
.	O
0	O
,	O
respectively	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Improvement	O
effect	O
of	O
early	O
goal	O
-	O
directed	O
therapy	O
on	O
the	O
prognosis	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
septic	B-DISO
shock	I-DISO
].	O

Complete	O
clinical	O
data	O
of	O
patients	O
with	O
septic	B-DISO
shock	I-DISO
admitted	O
to	O
emergency	B-DISO
intensive	O
care	O
unit	O
(	O
EICU	O
)	O
of	O
Sichuan	O
Provincial	O
People	O
'	O
s	O
Hospital	O
from	O
May	O
1994	O
to	O
December	O
2014	O
were	O
recorded	O
and	O
analyzed	O
.	O

The	O
relationship	O
of	O
EGDT	O
compliance	O
standard	O
time	O
and	O
tissue	B-ANAT
perfusion	O
index	O
recovery	O
time	O
between	O
the	O
two	O
groups	O
of	O
patients	O
was	O
observed	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
presents	O
as	O
hypoxia	O
and	O
bilateral	B-DISO
pulmonary	I-DISO
infiltrates	I-DISO
on	O
chest	B-ANAT
imaging	O
in	O
the	O
absence	O
of	O
heart	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
sufficient	O
to	O
account	O
for	O
this	O
clinical	O
state	O
.	O

Management	O
is	O
largely	O
supportive	O
,	O
and	O
is	O
focused	O
on	O
protective	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
and	O
the	O
avoidance	O
of	O
fluid	B-DISO
overload	I-DISO
.	O

The	O
assays	O
did	O
not	O
amplify	O
the	O
porcine	B-SPEC
deltacoronavirus	O
OH	O
-	O
FD22	O
strain	O
or	O
transmissible	O
gastroenteritis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
Miller	O
strain	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Management	O
of	O
infections	B-DISO
in	O
critically	B-DISO
ill	I-DISO
returning	O
travellers	O
in	O
the	O
intensive	O
care	O
unit	O
-	O
I	O
:	O
considerations	O
on	O
infection	O
control	O
and	O
transmission	O
of	O
resistance	B-PROC
.	O

However	O
,	O
malaria	B-PATH
remains	O
by	O
far	O
the	O
most	O
important	O
cause	O
of	O
death	B-PROC
.	O

We	O
defined	O
lung	B-ANAT
protective	O
ventilation	O
as	O
a	O
tidal	O
volume	O
of	O
less	O
than	O
or	O
equal	O
to	O
8	O
mL	O
/	O
kg	O
of	O
predicted	O
body	B-ANAT
weight	O
and	O
compared	O
outcomes	O
for	O
patients	O
ventilated	O
with	O
lung	B-ANAT
protective	O
vs	O
non	O
-	O
lung	B-ANAT
protective	O
ventilation	O
,	O
including	O
inhospital	O
mortality	O
,	O
ventilator	O
days	O
,	O
intensive	O
care	O
unit	O
length	O
of	O
stay	O
,	O
and	O
hospital	O
length	O
of	O
stay	O
.	O

Our	O
analyses	O
show	O
:	O
1	O
)	O
28	O
potential	O
recombinant	O
sequences	O
were	O
detected	O
and	O
they	O
can	O
be	O
classified	O
into	O
seven	O
potential	O
recombinant	O
types	O
;	O
2	O
)	O
The	O
spike	O
(	O
S	O
)	O
protein	B-CHED
of	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
was	O
under	O
strong	O
positive	O
selection	O
when	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
transmitted	B-DISO
from	O
their	O
natural	O
host	B-COMP
to	O
human	B-SPEC
;	O
3	O
)	O
Six	O
out	O
of	O
nine	O
positive	O
selection	O
sites	O
detected	O
in	O
spike	O
(	O
S	O
)	O
protein	B-CHED
are	O
located	O
in	O
its	O
receptor	O
-	O
binding	B-FUNC
domain	O
which	O
is	O
in	O
direct	O
contact	O
with	O
host	B-COMP
cells	B-COMP
;	O
4	O
)	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
frequently	O
transmitted	B-DISO
back	B-ANAT
and	O
forth	O
between	O
human	B-SPEC
and	O
camel	B-SPEC
after	O
it	O
had	O
acquired	O
the	O
human	O
-	O
camel	B-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
capability	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
the	O
expression	B-PROC
of	O
these	O
recombinant	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
antigens	B-CHED
using	O
a	O
variety	O
of	O
expression	B-PROC
vectors	O
,	O
strains	O
,	O
and	O
induction	O
conditions	O
invariably	O
resulted	O
in	O
inclusion	B-COMP
bodies	I-COMP
.	O

In	O
an	O
indirect	O
ELISA	O
,	O
purified	O
proteins	B-CHED
showed	O
immune	O
reactivity	O
with	O
pig	B-PRGE
anti	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
PEDV	B-SPEC
immune	O
sera	B-COMP
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
The	O
world	O
first	O
two	O
cases	O
of	O
severe	O
fever	B-PROC
with	O
thrombocytopenia	O
syndrome	B-DISO
:	O
An	O
epidemiological	O
study	O
in	O
Nagasaki	O
,	O
Japan	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Severe	O
fever	O
with	O
thrombocytopenia	O
syndrome	B-DISO
(	O
SFTS	B-DISO
)	O
caused	O
by	O
the	O
SFTS	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
SFTSV	O
),	O
a	O
novel	O
phlebovirus	B-SPEC
belonging	O
to	O
the	O
family	B-SPEC
Bunyaviridae	I-SPEC
,	O
was	O
reported	O
in	O
China	O
for	O
the	O
first	O
time	O
in	O
2009	O
.	O

The	O
farmer	O
died	B-PROC
and	O
the	O
hunter	O
survived	O
.	O

Three	O
hundred	O
and	O
twenty	O
six	O
volunteers	O
in	O
Nagasaki	O
prefecture	O
were	O
examined	O
and	O
none	O
of	O
these	O
tested	O
positive	O
for	O
the	O
SFTSV	O
antibody	B-COMP
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
Influenza	B-DISO
virus	I-SPEC
is	O
a	O
leading	O
cause	O
of	O
respiratory	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
in	O
the	O
United	O
States	O
each	O
year	O
.	O

Thus	O
,	O
the	O
precise	O
role	O
of	O
the	O
ERRS	O
in	O
virus	B-PROC
assembly	I-PROC
remains	O
unclear	O
.	O

Here	O
,	O
the	O
roles	O
of	O
the	O
S	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
ERRS	O
in	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
CoV	O
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
intracellular	B-COMP
trafficking	B-PROC
and	O
S	O
incorporation	O
into	O
virus	B-SPEC
-	I-ANAT
like	I-ANAT
particles	I-ANAT
(	O
VLPs	O
)	O
are	O
described	O
.	O

In	O
contrast	O
,	O
mutant	B-PRGE
S	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
lacking	O
the	O
ERRS	O
was	O
distributed	O
throughout	O
the	O
ER	O
and	O
only	O
partially	O
co	O
-	O
localized	O
with	O
M	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Qualitative	O
study	O
on	O
the	O
shifting	O
sociocultural	O
meanings	O
of	O
the	O
facemask	O
in	O
Hong	O
Kong	O
since	O
the	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
outbreak	O
:	O
implications	O
for	O
infection	B-DISO
control	O
in	O
the	O
post	O
-	O
SARS	B-DISO
era	B-CHED
.	O

These	O
findings	O
have	O
critical	O
implications	O
for	O
designing	O
a	O
culturally	O
responsive	O
infection	B-DISO
prevention	O
and	O
facemask	O
usage	O
policy	O
in	O
the	O
future	O
.	O

Because	O
it	O
represents	O
a	O
violation	O
of	O
societal	O
ideologies	O
and	O
traditional	O
Chinese	O
cultural	O
beliefs	O
,	O
the	O
meanings	O
of	O
the	O
facemask	O
that	O
had	O
developed	O
during	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
outbreak	O
failed	O
to	O
be	O
sustained	O
in	O
the	O
post	O
-	O
SARS	B-DISO
era	B-CHED
.	O

Comparative	O
and	O
kinetic	O
analyses	O
revealed	O
that	O
high	O
viral	O
loads	O
,	O
weak	O
antibody	B-PROC
responses	I-PROC
,	O
and	O
lymphopenia	B-DISO
accompanying	O
thrombocytopenia	O
were	O
associated	O
with	O
disease	O
mortality	O
,	O
whereas	O
persistent	O
and	O
gradual	O
increases	O
in	O
lymphocyte	B-ANAT
responses	O
might	O
be	O
required	O
for	O
effective	O
immunity	B-PROC
against	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

After	O
determining	O
the	O
optimal	O
combinations	O
of	O
these	O
mAbs	O
,	O
we	O
developed	O
an	O
enzyme	O
-	O
linked	O
immunosorbent	O
assay	O
and	O
a	O
rapid	O
immunochromatographic	O
antigen	B-CHED
detection	O
test	O
that	O
can	O
be	O
reliably	O
used	O
for	O
laboratory	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
.	O
Thus	O
,	O
this	O
study	O
provides	O
strong	O
evidence	O
that	O
the	O
wheat	B-SPEC
germ	O
cell	B-ANAT
-	I-ANAT
free	I-ANAT
system	I-ANAT
is	O
useful	O
for	O
the	O
production	O
of	O
diagnostic	O
mAbs	O
against	O
emerging	O
pathogens	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
bone	B-ANAT
marrow	I-ANAT
stromal	I-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
antigen	B-CHED
2	I-PRGE
(	O
BST	O
-	O
2	O
)	O
protein	B-CHED
was	O
identified	O
as	O
a	O
novel	O
virus	B-SPEC
restriction	O
factor	O
that	O
potently	O
restricts	O
the	O
replication	O
and	O
egress	O
of	O
enveloped	O
viruses	B-SPEC
.	O

Then	O
,	O
BALB	O
/	O
c	O
mice	B-SPEC
were	O
immunized	O
with	O
the	O
purified	O
rpBST	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
to	O
prepare	O
MAbs	O
of	O
BST	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
.	O

The	O
specific	O
MAb	O
of	O
porcine	B-PRGE
BST	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
provides	O
a	O
valuable	O
tool	O
for	O
further	O
studies	O
of	O
BST	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
to	O
restrict	O
virus	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Acute	O
respiratory	O
distress	O
syndrome	O
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
is	O
an	O
uncommon	O
,	O
highly	O
fatal	O
,	O
and	O
poorly	O
understood	O
manifestation	O
of	O
blastomycosis	B-DISO
.	O

Appreciable	O
changes	O
in	O
cell	B-COMP
'	O
s	O
morphology	O
were	O
detected	O
with	O
optimal	O
trypsin	B-PRGE
concentration	O
of	O
15	O
-	O
20	O
μg	O
trypsin	B-PRGE
/	O
inoculums	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Avian	B-SPEC
infectious	I-DISO
bronchitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
in	O
Africa	O
:	O
a	O
review	O
.	O

Avian	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
bronchitis	I-DISO
is	O
well	O
studied	O
in	O
European	O
countries	O
with	O
identification	O
of	O
a	O
large	O
number	O
of	O
IBV	B-SPEC
variants	O
,	O
whereas	O
in	O
African	O
countries	O
epidemiological	O
and	O
scientific	O
data	O
are	O
poor	O
and	O
not	O
updated	O
.	O

For	O
CDV	B-CHED
SN	O
titers	O
,	O
the	O
only	O
statistically	O
significant	O
(	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
01	O
)	O
difference	O
was	O
that	O
the	O
control	O
dogs	B-SPEC
had	O
higher	O
SN	O
titers	O
than	O
the	O
lean	O
geriatric	O
dogs	B-SPEC
.	O

This	O
pathophysiology	O
-	O
based	O
review	O
and	O
recent	O
clinical	O
evidence	O
strongly	O
support	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
prone	O
positioning	O
in	O
the	O
early	O
management	O
of	O
severe	O
ARDS	B-DISO
systematically	O
and	O
not	O
as	O
a	O
rescue	O
maneuver	O
or	O
a	O
last	O
-	O
ditch	O
effort	B-PROC
.	O

Detailed	O
structure	O
-	O
activity	O
relationships	O
(	O
SARs	B-DISO
)	O
studies	O
on	O
the	O
aglycone	O
of	O
compound	O
1	O
indicated	O
that	O
the	O
subtle	O
modification	O
of	O
oleanolic	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
as	O
an	O
aglycon	O
has	O
key	O
influences	O
on	O
the	O
antiviral	B-CHED
activity	O
.	O

These	O
results	O
suggested	O
that	O
either	O
the	O
introduction	O
of	O
a	O
disubstituted	O
amide	B-CHED
structure	O
at	O
the	O
17	O
-	O
COOH	O
of	O
OA	O
or	O
alteration	O
of	O
the	O
C	O
-	O
3	O
configuration	O
of	O
OA	O
from	O
3β	O
-	O
to	O
3α	O
-	O
forms	O
can	O
significantly	O
improve	O
the	O
selective	O
index	O
while	O
maintaining	O
their	O
antiviral	B-CHED
activities	O
in	O
vitro	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Presentation	O
and	O
outcome	O
of	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
in	O
Saudi	O
intensive	O
care	O
unit	O
patients	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
coronavirus	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
is	O
associated	O
with	O
high	O
mortality	O
rates	O
but	O
limited	O
clinical	O
data	O
have	O
been	O
reported	O
.	O

After	O
adjustment	O
for	O
the	O
severity	O
of	O
illness	O
and	O
the	O
degree	O
of	O
organ	B-ANAT
dysfunction	O
,	O
the	O
need	O
for	O
vasopressors	O
was	O
an	O
independent	O
risk	O
factor	O
for	O
death	B-PROC
in	O
the	O
ICU	O
(	O
odds	O
ratio	O
=	O
18	O
.	O
33	O
,	O
95	O
%	O
confidence	O
interval	O
:	O
1	O
.	O
11	O
-	O
302	O
.	O
1	O
,	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
04	O
).	O

Our	O
Achilles	B-ANAT
heel	B-ANAT
remains	O
compliance	O
with	O
the	O
best	O
infection	B-DISO
prevention	O
practices	O
and	O
their	O
harmonization	O
with	O
patient	O
flow	O
.	O

We	O
initially	O
developed	O
a	O
three	O
-	O
dimensional	O
common	O
-	O
feature	O
pharmacophore	O
model	O
according	O
to	O
which	O
two	O
hydrogen	B-CHED
bond	O
acceptors	O
and	O
one	O
hydrophobic	O
aromatic	O
feature	O
are	O
shared	O
by	O
all	O
molecular	O
series	O
in	O
binding	B-FUNC
the	O
viral	B-PRGE
polymerase	I-PRGE
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Outbreaks	O
of	O
porcine	B-SPEC
epidemic	B-DISO
diarrhoea	I-DISO
(	O
PED	O
)	O
were	O
reported	O
across	O
Europe	O
during	O
the	O
1980s	O
and	O
1990s	O
,	O
but	O
only	O
sporadic	O
outbreaks	O
occurred	O
in	O
recent	O
years	O
.	O

No	O
evidence	O
for	O
infection	B-DISO
resulted	O
from	O
inoculation	O
of	O
pigs	B-SPEC
with	O
the	O
German	O
sample	O
that	O
contained	O
high	O
levels	O
of	O
PEDV	O
RNA	O
;	O
there	O
were	O
no	O
clinical	O
signs	O
,	O
excretion	B-PROC
of	O
viral	O
RNA	O
or	O
anti	O
-	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
antibody	B-PROC
production	I-PROC
.	O

PEDV	B-SPEC
RNA	O
was	O
detected	O
throughout	O
the	O
intestine	B-ANAT
in	O
euthanized	O
animals	B-SPEC
at	O
4	O
days	O
post	O
-	O
inoculation	O
.	O

Shell	B-ANAT
reflectivity	O
,	O
L	O
*	O
and	O
PP	O
IX	O
were	O
not	O
significantly	O
different	O
for	O
eggshells	O
from	O
unvaccinated	O
and	O
vaccinated	O
laying	O
hens	O
in	O
the	O
intact	O
eggshell	O
,	O
but	O
were	O
significantly	O
different	O
in	O
shells	B-ANAT
from	O
which	O
cuticle	O
had	O
been	O
removed	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Ten	O
years	O
of	O
a	O
hantavirus	B-SPEC
disease	O
emergency	B-DISO
in	O
the	O
Federal	O
District	O
,	O
Brazil	O
.	O

RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
also	O
confirmed	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
the	O
expected	O
fragment	O
sizes	O
of	O
the	O
S1	B-PRGE
subunit	I-PRGE
and	O
M	O
genes	O
by	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
.	O

Meanwhile	O
,	O
homologies	O
in	O
the	O
nucleotide	B-CHED
and	O
amino	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
sequences	O
of	O
the	O
M	B-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
of	O
IBV	B-SPEC
ZZ2004	O
were	O
86	O
.	O
9	O
-	O
92	O
.	O
0	O
%	O
and	O
91	O
.	O
1	O
-	O
93	O
.	O
9	O
%,	O
respectively	O
,	O
compared	O
with	O
35	O
other	O
IBV	B-SPEC
reference	O
strains	O
derived	O
from	O
different	O
regions	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
A	O
66	O
-	O
year	O
-	O
old	O
man	B-CHED
,	O
an	O
asthmatic	B-DISO
,	O
presented	O
with	O
symptoms	O
suggestive	O
of	O
an	O
acute	O
exacerbation	O
of	O
asthma	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Development	B-PROC
of	O
peptidic	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
entry	O
inhibitors	B-CHED
].	O

This	O
review	O
focuses	O
on	O
the	O
recent	O
advance	O
in	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
peptidic	O
entry	O
inhibitors	B-CHED
targeting	B-PROC
the	O
MERS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
S2	I-PRGE
subunit	I-PRGE
.	O

There	O
is	O
better	O
chance	O
for	O
those	O
candidates	O
to	O
gain	O
a	O
quick	O
development	B-PROC
.	O

In	O
this	O
observational	O
study	O
,	O
we	O
measured	O
EELV	O
for	O
up	O
to	O
seven	O
consecutive	O
days	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
ARDS	B-DISO
at	O
different	O
PEEP	B-CHED
levels	O
.	O

Fever	B-PROC
and	O
respiratory	B-DISO
symptoms	I-DISO
were	O
the	O
most	O
common	O
symptoms	O
,	O
and	O
2	O
patients	O
had	O
watery	B-DISO
diarrhea	I-DISO
.	O

The	O
objective	O
was	O
to	O
investigate	O
porcine	O
epidemic	B-DISO
diarrhea	I-DISO
(	O
PED	O
)	O
outbreak	O
that	O
occurred	O
in	O
2014	O
in	O
Japan	O
and	O
its	O
effects	O
on	O
herd	O
-	O
level	O
productivity	O
using	O
a	O
data	O
recording	O
system	O
(	O
PigINFO	O
).	O

From	O
1	O
April	O
to	O
30	O
June	O
2014	O
(	O
PED	O
epidemic	O
),	O
any	O
herds	O
with	O
clinical	O
signs	O
of	O
PED	O
and	O
feces	B-ANAT
positive	O
for	O
porcine	B-SPEC
epidemic	I-SPEC
diarrhea	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
)	O
on	O
polymerase	O
chain	O
reaction	O
analysis	O
and	O
/	O
or	O
immunohistochemical	O
staining	O
were	O
defined	O
as	O
PED	O
-	O
positive	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
38	O
).	O

Herds	O
with	O
no	O
clinical	O
signs	O
of	O
PED	B-PRGE
were	O
classified	O
as	O
PED	B-PRGE
-	O
negative	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
61	O
).	O

The	O
PED	O
outbreak	O
increased	O
mortality	O
and	O
consequently	O
reduced	O
the	O
numbers	O
of	O
marketed	O
pigs	B-SPEC
.	O

However	O
,	O
despite	O
the	O
fact	O
that	O
a	O
large	O
number	O
of	O
genetically	O
diverse	O
SL	O
-	O
CoV	O
sequences	O
have	O
been	O
detected	O
in	O
bats	B-SPEC
,	O
only	O
two	O
strains	O
(	O
named	O
WIV1	O
and	O
WIV16	O
)	O
have	O
been	O
successfully	O
cultured	O
in	O
vitro	O
These	O
two	O
strains	O
differ	O
from	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
only	O
in	O
containing	O
an	O
extra	O
open	O
reading	O
frame	O
(	O
ORF	O
)	O
(	O
named	O
ORFX	O
),	O
between	O
ORF6	O
and	O
ORF7	O
,	O
which	O
has	O
no	O
homology	O
to	O
any	O
known	O
protein	B-CHED
sequences	O
.	O

Moreover	O
,	O
the	O
reverse	O
genetics	O
system	O
we	O
constructed	O
will	O
be	O
helpful	O
for	O
study	O
of	O
the	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
of	O
this	O
group	O
of	O
viruses	B-SPEC
and	O
to	O
develop	O
therapeutics	O
for	O
future	O
control	O
of	O
emerging	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
like	O
infections	B-DISO
.	O

These	O
results	O
extend	O
our	O
understanding	O
of	O
nidovirus	B-SPEC
RNA	B-PROC
capping	I-PROC
and	O
methylation	B-PROC
beyond	O
coronaviruses	O
and	O
also	O
strengthen	O
the	O
evolutionary	O
and	O
functional	O
links	O
between	O
roniviruses	O
and	O
coronaviruses	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Human	B-SPEC
coronaviruses	O
(	O
HCoVs	O
)	O
are	O
associated	O
with	O
a	O
variety	O
of	O
clinical	O
presentations	O
in	O
children	O
,	O
but	O
their	O
role	O
in	O
disease	O
remains	O
uncertain	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Acute	O
-	O
on	O
-	O
Chronic	B-DISO
Liver	I-DISO
Failure	I-DISO
:	O
Definition	O
,	O
Diagnosis	O
,	O
and	O
Clinical	O
Characteristics	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Acute	O
-	O
on	O
-	O
chronic	O
liver	O
failure	O
(	O
ACLF	O
)	O
is	O
a	O
recently	O
recognized	O
syndrome	B-DISO
in	O
cirrhosis	B-DISO
characterized	O
by	O
acute	O
decompensation	O
(	O
AD	O
),	O
organ	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
(	O
s	O
),	O
and	O
high	O
short	O
-	O
term	O
mortality	O
.	O

A	O
total	O
of	O
13	O
calves	O
were	O
infected	O
with	O
rotavirus	B-SPEC
or	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
group	O
V	O
),	O
12	O
calves	O
with	O
E	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
coli	I-SPEC
F5	O
(	O
group	B-DISO
B	I-DISO
)	O
and	O
15	O
calves	O
with	O
Eimeria	B-SPEC
species	B-SPEC
(	O
group	O
P	O
).	O

Serum	B-COMP
SAA	O
,	O
Hp	O
,	O
IgA	B-PRGE
and	O
IgG	B-PRGE
levels	O
could	O
be	O
useful	O
for	O
the	O
diagnosis	O
and	O
differential	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
diarrhea	B-DISO
caused	O
by	O
rotavirus	B-SPEC
,	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
,	O
E	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
coli	I-SPEC
F5	O
and	O
Eimeria	B-SPEC
species	B-SPEC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Andrographolide	B-CHED
sulfonate	B-CHED
ameliorates	O
lipopolysaccharide	B-CHED
-	O
induced	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
in	O
mice	B-SPEC
by	O
down	O
-	O
regulating	O
MAPK	O
and	O
NF	O
-	O
κB	O
pathways	B-PROC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
(	O
ALI	O
)	O
or	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
is	O
a	O
severe	O
,	O
life	O
-	O
threatening	O
medical	O
condition	B-DISO
characterized	O
by	O
widespread	O
inflammation	B-DISO
in	O
the	O
lungs	B-ANAT
,	O
and	O
is	O
a	O
significant	O
source	O
of	O
morbidity	O
and	O
mortality	O
in	O
the	O
patient	O
population	O
.	O

Our	O
study	O
shows	O
that	O
water	B-CHED
-	O
soluble	O
andrographolide	B-CHED
sulfonate	B-CHED
may	O
represent	O
a	O
new	O
therapeutic	O
approach	O
for	O
treating	O
inflammatory	O
lung	B-DISO
disorders	I-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Qingfei	O
Xiaoyan	O
Wan	O
,	O
a	O
traditional	O
Chinese	O
medicine	B-CHED
formula	O
,	O
ameliorates	O
Pseudomonas	B-SPEC
aeruginosa	I-SPEC
-	O
induced	O
acute	O
lung	B-DISO
inflammation	I-DISO
by	O
regulation	B-PROC
of	O
PI3K	B-FUNC
/	O
AKT	B-PRGE
and	O
Ras	B-PRGE
/	O
MAPK	B-FUNC
pathways	B-PROC
.	O

He	O
was	O
suffering	B-DISO
from	O
fever	B-PROC
,	O
headache	B-DISO
,	O
shivering	O
and	O
unable	O
to	O
maintain	O
his	O
balance	B-PROC
.	O

Third	O
case	O
was	O
a	O
46	O
years	O
old	O
,	O
male	O
patient	O
who	O
had	O
been	O
working	O
in	O
Uganda	O
,	O
and	O
returned	O
to	O
Turkey	B-SPEC
two	O
weeks	O
ago	O
.	O

He	O
had	O
sudden	O
onset	O
of	O
fever	B-PROC
,	O
headache	B-DISO
,	O
nausea	B-DISO
and	I-DISO
vomiting	I-DISO
and	O
impaired	B-DISO
consciousness	I-DISO
.	O

Arthemeter	O
plus	O
lumefantrine	B-CHED
therapy	O
was	O
started	O
,	O
however	O
,	O
he	O
developed	O
severe	O
thrombocytopenia	O
and	O
jaundice	B-DISO
under	O
treatment	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Detection	O
of	O
the	O
Severe	B-SPEC
Acute	I-SPEC
Respiratory	I-SPEC
Syndrome	I-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
Related	I-SPEC
Coronavirus	I-SPEC
and	O
Alphacoronavirus	B-SPEC
in	O
the	O
Bat	O
Population	O
of	O
Taiwan	O
.	O

A	O
total	O
of	O
405	O
Chinese	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
strains	O
were	O
subjected	O
to	O
phylogenetic	O
and	O
phylogeographic	O
analysis	O
.	O

The	O
N	O
-	O
terminal	O
of	O
S	B-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
(	O
1	O
-	O
750bp	O
),	O
to	O
some	O
extent	O
,	O
could	O
represent	O
S1	O
or	O
full	B-PRGE
length	I-PRGE
S	I-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
for	O
phylogenetic	O
,	O
similarity	O
,	O
antigen	B-CHED
index	O
,	O
hydrophilicity	O
plot	O
,	O
and	O
differentiation	B-PROC
analyses	O
.	O

While	O
there	O
is	O
no	O
specific	O
therapy	O
,	O
we	O
decided	O
to	O
support	O
the	O
patient	O
with	O
veno	O
-	O
venous	B-ANAT
extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenation	B-PROC
(	O
V	O
-	O
V	O
ECMO	O
)	O
to	O
allow	O
the	O
ARDS	B-DISO
to	O
resolve	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
peer	O
-	O
reviewed	O
journal	O
Infectious	B-DISO
Diseases	I-DISO
of	O
Poverty	O
provides	O
a	O
new	O
platform	O
to	O
engage	O
with	O
,	O
and	O
disseminate	O
in	O
an	O
open	O
-	O
access	O
format	O
,	O
science	O
outside	O
traditional	O
disciplinary	O
boundaries	O
.	O

Overall	O
,	O
22	O
contributions	O
covering	O
a	O
broad	O
array	O
of	O
diseases	O
are	O
featured	O
-	O
i	O
.	O
e	O
.	O
clonorchiasis	B-DISO
,	O
dengue	B-DISO
,	O
hepatitis	B-DISO
,	O
human	B-DISO
immunodeficiency	I-DISO
virus	I-DISO
/	O
acquired	B-DISO
immune	I-DISO
deficiency	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
HIV	B-DISO
/	I-DISO
AIDS	I-DISO
),	O
H7N9	O
avian	B-DISO
influenza	I-DISO
,	O
lymphatic	B-DISO
filariasis	I-DISO
,	O
malaria	B-PATH
,	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
(	O
MERS	O
),	O
rabies	B-DISO
,	O
schistosomiasis	B-DISO
and	O
tuberculosis	B-PATH
(	O
TB	O
).	O

The	O
remaining	O
13	O
articles	O
are	O
original	O
contributions	O
mainly	O
covering	O
(	O
i	O
)	O
drug	O
resistance	O
;	O
(	O
ii	O
)	O
innovation	O
and	O
validation	O
in	O
the	O
field	O
of	O
mathematical	O
modelling	O
;	O
(	O
iii	O
)	O
elimination	B-PROC
of	O
infectious	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
;	O
and	O
(	O
iv	O
)	O
social	O
media	B-ANAT
reports	O
on	O
disease	O
outbreak	O
notifications	O
released	O
by	O
national	O
health	O
authorities	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
Gammacoronavirus	B-SPEC
,	O
Coronaviridae	B-SPEC
)	O
is	O
a	O
genetically	O
variable	O
RNA	O
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
27	O
.	O
6kb	O
)	O
that	O
causes	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
most	O
persistent	O
respiratory	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
in	O
poultry	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Characterization	O
of	O
the	O
Antigen	B-PROC
Processing	I-PROC
Machinery	O
and	O
Endogenous	O
Peptide	B-CHED
Presentation	O
of	O
a	O
Bat	O
MHC	B-PROC
Class	B-SPEC
I	O
Molecule	O
.	O

Although	O
highly	O
pathogenic	O
to	O
their	O
spillover	O
hosts	B-COMP
,	O
bats	B-SPEC
harbor	O
these	O
viruses	B-SPEC
,	O
and	O
a	O
large	O
number	O
of	O
other	O
viruses	B-SPEC
,	O
with	O
little	O
or	O
no	O
clinical	O
signs	O
of	O
disease	O
.	O

In	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
we	O
used	O
an	O
affinity	O
purification	O
/	O
mass	O
spectrometry	O
approach	O
to	O
demonstrate	O
that	O
a	O
bat	B-PRGE
MHC	B-PROC
class	B-SPEC
I	I-PRGE
molecule	I-PRGE
,	O
Ptal	B-ENZY
-	O
N	O
*	O
01	O
:	O
01	O
,	O
binds	B-FUNC
antigenic	O
peptides	B-CHED
and	O
associates	O
with	O
peptide	B-CHED
-	O
loading	O
complex	O
components	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Moving	B-PROC
towards	O
a	O
new	O
vision	B-PROC
:	O
implementation	O
of	O
a	O
public	O
health	O
policy	O
intervention	O
.	O

In	O
a	O
previous	O
study	O
,	O
we	O
isolated	O
and	O
serially	O
cultivated	O
a	O
Korean	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
epidemic	O
strain	O
,	O
KOR	O
/	O
KNU	O
-	O
141112	O
/	O
2014	O
,	O
in	O
Vero	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
.	O

Eleven	O
(	O
11	O
.	O
7	O
%)	O
patients	O
had	O
mild	O
,	O
47	O
(	O
50	O
.	O
0	O
%)	O
moderate	O
,	O
and	O
36	O
(	O
38	O
.	O
3	O
%)	O
severe	O
ARDS	B-DISO
;	O
mortality	O
was	O
27	O
.	O
3	O
,	O
27	O
.	O
7	O
,	O
and	O
63	O
.	O
9	O
%,	O
respectively	O
.	O

Most	O
HEs	B-DISO
(	O
type	O
I	O
)	O
target	O
9	O
-	O
O	O
-	O
acetylated	O
sialic	B-CHED
acids	I-CHED
(	O
9	O
-	O
O	O
-	O
Ac	O
-	O
Sias	O
),	O
but	O
one	O
group	O
of	O
coronaviruses	O
switched	O
to	O
using	O
4	O
-	O
O	O
-	O
Ac	O
-	O
Sias	O
instead	O
(	O
type	O
II	O
).	O

Our	O
findings	O
provide	O
fundamental	O
insights	O
into	O
how	O
proteins	B-CHED
""""	O
see	O
""""	O
sugars	O
and	O
how	O
this	O
affects	O
protein	B-CHED
and	O
virus	B-SPEC
evolution	B-PROC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Porcine	O
epidemic	O
diarrhea	O
virus	O
(	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
)	O
is	O
the	O
causative	O
agent	O
of	O
an	O
acute	O
,	O
highly	O
contagious	O
,	O
and	O
severe	O
enteric	O
disease	O
that	O
leads	O
to	O
high	O
mortality	O
rates	O
in	O
suckling	O
piglets	O
.	O

Many	O
diagnostic	O
tests	O
have	O
been	O
recently	O
developed	O
and	O
are	O
currently	O
available	O
for	O
the	O
detection	O
of	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
,	O
its	O
proteins	B-CHED
or	O
nucleic	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
,	O
including	O
virus	B-SPEC
isolation	O
,	O
immunofluorescence	O
(	O
IF	O
)	O
or	O
immunohistochemistry	O
(	O
IHC	O
),	O
polymerase	O
chain	O
reaction	O
(	O
PCR	O
)	O
and	O
isothermal	O
amplification	B-DISO
assays	O
.	O

The	O
results	O
show	O
that	O
79	O
%	O
of	O
total	O
101	O
flocks	O
tested	O
were	O
infected	O
with	O
one	O
or	O
more	O
of	O
the	O
above	O
enteric	O
viruses	B-SPEC
.	O

Random	O
Blood	B-ANAT
Sugar	O
(	O
RBS	B-DISO
)	O
level	O
on	O
admission	O
was	O
recorded	O
.	O

RBS	B-DISO
is	O
a	O
predicate	O
factor	O
for	O
ISS	B-DISO
(	O
p	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
,	O
OR	O
:	O
1	O
.	O
36	O
),	O
GCS	O
(	O
p	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
001	O
,	O
OR	O
:	O
1	O
.	O
69	O
),	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
(	O
p	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
,	O
OR	O
:	O
1	O
.	O
27	O
),	O
VAP	O
&	O
ARDS	B-DISO
(	O
p	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
001	O
,	O
OR	O
:	O
1	O
.	O
68	O
),	O
length	O
of	O
ICU	O
stay	O
(	O
p	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
001	O
,	O
OR	O
:	O
1	O
.	O
87	O
)	O
and	O
length	O
of	O
hospital	O
stay	O
(	O
p	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
,	O
OR	O
:	O
1	O
.	O
24	O
).	O

Management	O
of	O
hyperglycaemia	B-DISO
with	O
insulin	B-PRGE
protocol	O
in	O
cases	O
with	O
value	O
>	O
200mg	O
/	O
dl	O
,	O
is	O
critical	O
in	O
improving	O
the	O
outcome	O
of	O
patients	O
with	O
TBI	O
.	O

Prevalence	O
of	O
CCV	B-DISO
antibodies	B-COMP
suggested	O
a	O
seasonal	O
pattern	O
with	O
higher	O
prevalence	O
during	O
spring	O
(	O
43	O
%)	O
than	O
in	O
fall	O
(	O
11	O
%).	O

It	O
has	O
Krebs	B-PROC
cycle	I-PROC
metabolism	B-PROC
,	O
rapid	O
clearance	O
,	O
relative	O
hydrophilicity	O
,	O
and	O
unique	O
drug	B-PROC
interactions	I-PROC
.	O

People	O
drugged	B-DISO
before	O
assault	O
also	O
need	O
to	O
promptly	O
notify	O
authorities	O
because	O
the	O
period	O
to	O
detect	O
the	O
drug	O
in	O
the	O
urine	B-ANAT
or	O
blood	B-ANAT
is	O
brief	O
and	O
the	O
ultimate	O
metabolites	B-CHED
are	O
carbon	B-CHED
dioxide	I-CHED
and	O
water	B-CHED
.	O

We	O
show	O
that	O
specificity	O
for	O
polyUb	O
(	O
Lys48	O
)	O
chains	O
is	O
predicated	O
on	O
contacts	O
in	O
the	O
S2	O
site	O
and	O
enhanced	O
by	O
an	O
S1	O
-	O
S1	O
'	O
preference	O
for	O
a	O
Lys48	O
linkage	B-PROC
across	O
the	O
active	O
site	O
.	O

In	O
contrast	O
,	O
ISG15	B-PRGE
specificity	O
is	O
dominated	O
by	O
contacts	O
in	O
the	O
S1	O
site	O
.	O

Aerosolised	O
bronchodilators	O
are	O
useful	O
in	O
mechanically	O
ventilated	O
patients	O
with	O
asthma	B-PATH
and	O
chronic	B-DISO
obstructive	I-DISO
pulmonary	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
,	O
but	O
are	O
not	O
recommended	O
for	O
those	O
with	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

All	O
SCD	B-DISO
patients	O
presenting	O
with	O
moderate	O
-	O
to	O
-	O
severe	O
ARDS	B-DISO
as	O
a	O
consequence	O
of	O
ACS	B-FUNC
experienced	O
PVD	B-DISO
and	O
more	O
than	O
80	O
%	O
of	O
them	O
exhibited	O
ACP	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Deciphering	O
the	O
biology	O
of	O
porcine	B-SPEC
epidemic	I-SPEC
diarrhea	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
in	O
the	O
era	B-CHED
of	O
reverse	O
genetics	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Bat	B-ENZY
species	B-SPEC
around	O
the	O
world	O
have	O
recently	O
been	O
recognized	O
as	O
major	O
reservoirs	O
of	O
several	O
zoonotic	O
viruses	B-SPEC
,	O
such	O
as	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
),	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
),	O
Nipah	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
and	O
Hendra	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
.	O

SV	O
-	O
A	O
was	O
isolated	O
in	O
cell	B-COMP
culture	O
from	O
piglet	O
samples	O
.	O

Veterinarians	O
and	O
animal	B-SPEC
caretakers	O
must	O
remain	O
vigilant	O
for	O
vesicular	O
foreign	O
animal	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
and	O
report	O
suspicious	O
clinical	O
signs	O
and	O
lesions	O
to	O
state	O
animal	B-SPEC
health	O
authorities	O
for	O
diagnostic	O
testing	O
and	O
further	O
investigation	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
mitogen	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
activated	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
kinase	I-PRGE
(	O
MAPK	B-FUNC
)	O
pathways	B-PROC
,	O
which	O
are	O
central	O
building	O
blocks	O
in	O
the	O
intracellular	B-COMP
signaling	B-PROC
network	O
,	O
are	O
often	O
manipulated	O
by	O
viruses	B-SPEC
of	O
diverse	O
families	O
to	O
favor	O
their	O
replication	O
.	O

Among	O
the	O
MAPK	B-PRGE
family	B-SPEC
,	O
the	O
extracellular	B-ENZY
signal	I-ENZY
-	I-ENZY
regulated	I-ENZY
kinase	I-ENZY
(	O
ERK	B-FUNC
)	O
pathway	B-PROC
is	O
known	O
to	O
be	O
modulated	O
during	O
the	O
infection	B-DISO
with	O
porcine	B-SPEC
epidemic	I-SPEC
diarrhea	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
);	O
however	O
,	O
involvement	O
of	O
stress	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
activated	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
kinases	I-PRGE
(	O
SAPKs	O
)	O
comprising	O
p38	B-FUNC
MAPK	B-FUNC
and	O
c	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
Jun	I-PRGE
NH2	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
terminal	I-PRGE
kinase	I-PRGE
(	O
JNK	B-FUNC
)	O
remains	O
to	O
be	O
determined	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Equine	B-SPEC
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
EqCoV	O
)	O
infection	B-DISO
has	O
been	O
documented	O
in	O
most	O
reports	O
through	O
quantitative	O
qPCR	O
analysis	O
of	O
feces	B-ANAT
and	O
viral	B-COMP
genome	I-COMP
sequencing	O
.	O

Although	O
qPCR	O
is	O
used	O
to	O
detect	O
antigen	B-CHED
during	O
the	O
acute	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
phase	O
,	O
there	O
is	O
no	O
equine	B-SPEC
-	O
specific	O
antibody	B-COMP
test	O
available	O
to	O
study	O
EqCoV	O
seroprevalence	O
in	O
various	O
horse	B-SPEC
populations	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Factors	O
influencing	O
emergency	B-DISO
nurses	O
'	O
ethical	O
problems	O
during	O
the	O
outbreak	O
of	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
.	O
ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Whenever	O
there	O
has	O
been	O
a	O
worldwide	O
contagious	O
disease	O
outbreak	O
,	O
there	O
have	O
been	O
reports	O
of	O
infection	B-DISO
and	O
death	B-PROC
of	O
healthcare	O
workers	O
.	O

Through	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
we	O
obtained	O
information	O
on	O
emergency	B-DISO
nurses	O
'	O
ethical	O
problems	O
during	O
the	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
-	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
outbreak	O
and	O
identified	O
the	O
factors	O
that	O
influence	O
them	O
.	O

Unlike	O
the	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
epidemic	O
,	O
which	O
rapidly	O
disappeared	O
in	O
less	O
than	O
one	O
year	O
,	O
MERS	O
has	O
persisted	O
for	O
over	O
three	O
years	O
.	O

A	O
descriptive	O
study	O
was	O
conducted	O
among	O
HCWs	O
who	O
worked	O
with	O
a	O
MERS	O
patient	O
in	O
Bamrasnaradura	O
Infectious	B-DISO
Diseases	I-DISO
Institute	O
,	O
Thailand	O
,	O
between	O
18	O
June	O
and	O
3	O
July	O
2015	O
.	O

Paired	O
sera	B-COMP
were	O
tested	O
for	O
detection	O
of	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
antibodies	B-COMP
by	O
using	O
an	O
indirect	O
ELISA	O
.	O

Although	O
several	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
studies	O
have	O
been	O
conducted	O
in	O
Japan	O
,	O
more	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
isolates	O
and	O
sequence	O
information	O
are	O
needed	O
to	O
understand	O
the	O
molecular	O
biology	O
and	O
epidemiology	O
of	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
.	O

Our	O
isolates	O
and	O
findings	O
will	O
be	O
useful	O
for	O
future	O
investigations	O
aimed	O
at	O
understanding	O
,	O
controlling	O
,	O
and	O
preventing	O
PED	B-PRGE
.	O

Therefore	O
,	O
our	O
data	O
suggest	O
that	O
the	O
OKN	O
-	O
1	O
/	O
JPN	O
/	O
2013	O
PEDV	O
isolate	O
is	O
virulent	O
,	O
whereas	O
the	O
TTR	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
/	O
JPN	O
/	O
2014	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
isolate	O
is	O
avirulent	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Hajj	O
-	O
associated	O
infections	B-DISO
.	O

Pyoderma	B-DISO
and	O
furuncles	B-DISO
are	O
also	O
frequently	O
observed	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Porcine	B-SPEC
epidemic	B-DISO
diarrhea	I-DISO
(	O
PED	O
)	O
is	O
a	O
serious	O
infection	B-DISO
in	O
neonatal	O
piglets	O
.	O

Interactions	O
between	O
Mo	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
DCs	I-PRGE
and	O
UV	O
-	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
significantly	O
stimulate	O
T	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
cell	I-PROC
proliferation	B-DISO
in	O
vitro	O
.	O

Consistent	O
with	O
these	O
results	O
,	O
there	O
is	O
an	O
enhancement	O
in	O
the	O
ability	O
of	O
porcine	O
intestinal	B-ANAT
DCs	B-DISO
to	O
activate	O
T	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
cell	I-PROC
proliferation	B-DISO
in	O
vivo	O
.	O

The	O
clinical	O
course	O
of	O
the	O
disease	O
ranges	O
from	O
asymptomatic	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
to	O
severe	O
lower	B-ANAT
respiratory	I-ANAT
tract	I-ANAT
illness	O
with	O
multiorgan	O
involvement	O
and	O
death	B-PROC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Sentinel	O
surveillance	O
for	O
influenza	B-DISO
among	O
severe	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
and	O
acute	O
febrile	B-PROC
illness	I-DISO
inpatients	O
at	O
three	O
hospitals	O
in	O
Ghana	O
.	O

To	O
compare	O
influenza	B-DISO
-	O
related	O
epidemiologic	O
data	O
,	O
from	O
October	O
2010	O
through	O
March	O
2013	O
,	O
we	O
enrolled	O
hospitalized	O
severe	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
(	O
SARI	O
;	O
fever	B-PROC
with	O
respiratory	B-DISO
symptoms	I-DISO
)	O
and	O
acute	O
febrile	B-DISO
illness	I-DISO
(	O
AFI	O
;	O
fever	B-PROC
without	O
respiratory	O
or	O
other	O
localizing	O
symptoms	O
)	O
patients	O
from	O
three	O
referral	O
hospitals	O
in	O
Ghana	O
.	O

Interestingly	O
,	O
3f	O
,	O
3g	O
and	O
3m	O
could	O
inhibit	O
both	O
NA	B-PRGE
and	I-PRGE
3CL	I-PRGE
(	I-PRGE
pro	I-PRGE
)	I-PRGE
and	O
serve	O
as	O
a	O
starting	O
point	O
to	O
develop	O
broad	O
-	O
spectrum	O
antiviral	B-CHED
agents	I-CHED
.	O

The	O
purpose	O
of	O
this	O
report	O
is	O
to	O
share	O
SKKUSOM	O
'	O
s	O
experience	O
against	O
the	O
MERS	O
outbreak	O
and	O
provide	O
suggestions	O
for	O
medical	O
schools	O
to	O
consider	O
in	O
the	O
face	B-DISO
of	O
similar	O
challenges	O
.	O

Five	O
suggestions	O
are	O
extracted	O
for	O
medical	O
schools	O
to	O
consider	O
in	O
infection	B-DISO
outbreaks	O
:	O
instant	O
cessation	O
of	O
clinical	O
clerkships	O
;	O
rational	O
decision	O
making	O
on	O
a	O
school	O
closure	O
;	O
use	O
of	O
information	O
technology	O
;	O
constant	O
communication	O
with	O
hospitals	O
;	O
and	O
open	O
communication	O
with	O
faculty	O
,	O
staff	O
,	O
and	O
students	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Feline	B-SPEC
infectious	I-DISO
peritonitis	I-DISO
virus	O
(	O
FIPV	O
)	O
is	O
highly	O
virulent	O
and	O
responsible	O
for	O
the	O
highly	O
fatal	O
disease	O
feline	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
peritonitis	I-DISO
(	O
FIP	B-DISO
),	O
whereas	O
feline	B-SPEC
enteric	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
(	O
FECV	B-SPEC
)	O
is	O
widespread	O
among	O
the	O
feline	B-SPEC
population	O
and	O
typically	O
causes	O
asymptomatic	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
.	O

The	O
primary	O
outcome	O
of	O
this	O
prospective	O
observational	O
study	O
was	O
to	O
evaluate	O
the	O
feasibility	O
,	O
safety	O
and	O
contribution	O
in	O
diagnosis	O
and	O
/	O
or	O
modification	O
of	O
the	O
ongoing	O
treatment	O
of	O
fiberoptic	O
bronchoscopy	O
(	O
FOB	O
)	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
ARDS	B-DISO
treated	O
with	O
NIV	O
.	O

FOB	O
under	O
NIV	O
could	O
be	O
considered	O
as	O
a	O
feasible	O
tool	O
for	O
diagnosis	O
and	O
guide	O
for	O
treatment	O
of	O
patients	O
with	O
ARDS	B-DISO
treated	O
via	O
NIV	O
in	O
intensive	O
care	O
units	O
.	O

The	O
enzyme	O
appears	O
not	O
to	O
be	O
optimized	O
for	O
catalytic	O
efficiency	O
;	O
thus	O
,	O
replacement	O
of	O
Phe269	O
by	O
Tyr	B-CHED
leads	O
to	O
increased	O
peptidolytic	O
and	O
deubiquitinating	B-PROC
activities	O
.	O

Ubiquitin	B-FUNC
binding	I-FUNC
by	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
PL	O
(	O
pro	B-PRGE
)	O
involves	O
remarkable	O
differences	O
compared	O
to	O
the	O
corresponding	O
complex	O
with	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
PL	I-PRGE
(	O
pro	B-PRGE
).	O

The	O
structure	O
and	O
the	O
mutational	O
study	O
help	O
understand	O
common	O
and	O
unique	O
features	O
of	O
the	O
deubiquitinating	B-PROC
activity	O
of	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
PL	O
(	O
pro	B-PRGE
).	O

The	O
Predicting	O
Death	B-PROC
for	O
Severe	O
ARDS	B-DISO
on	O
V	O
-	O
V	O
ECMO	O
(	O
PRESERVE	O
)	O
score	O
showed	O
good	O
discrimination	O
of	O
mortality	O
prediction	O
for	O
patients	O
on	O
ECMO	O
with	O
AUC	O
of	O
0	O
.	O
80	O
(	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
0	O
.	O
66	O
-	O
0	O
.	O
90	O
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
HTCC	O
:	O
Broad	O
Range	O
Inhibitor	B-CHED
of	O
Coronavirus	B-SPEC
Entry	O
.	O

Importantly	O
,	O
no	O
drugs	O
against	O
human	B-SPEC
coronaviruses	O
exist	O
,	O
and	O
only	O
supportive	O
therapy	O
is	O
available	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Echocardiographic	O
parameters	O
of	O
right	B-PROC
ventricular	I-PROC
function	I-PROC
predict	O
mortality	O
in	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
:	O
a	O
pilot	O
study	O
.	O

In	O
multivariate	O
logistic	O
regression	O
models	O
,	O
TAPSE	O
maintained	O
a	O
significant	O
association	O
with	O
mortality	O
independent	O
of	O
age	O
,	O
pH	O
,	O
PaO2	O
∶	O
FiO2	O
ratios	O
,	O
positive	O
end	O
expiratory	B-PROC
pressure	O
,	O
PCO2	O
,	O
serum	B-COMP
bicarbonate	B-CHED
,	O
plateau	O
pressures	O
,	O
driving	O
pressures	O
,	O
APACHE	O
II	O
,	O
SAPS	O
II	O
,	O
and	O
SOFA	O
scores	O
.	O

In	O
conclusion	O
,	O
TAPSE	O
and	O
other	O
TTE	O
parameters	O
should	O
be	O
used	O
as	O
novel	O
predictive	O
indicators	O
for	O
RV	O
dysfunction	O
in	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Positive	O
-	O
strand	O
RNA	O
(+	O
RNA	O
)	O
viruses	O
rearrange	O
cellular	B-COMP
membranes	B-ANAT
during	O
replication	O
,	O
possibly	O
in	O
order	B-SPEC
to	O
concentrate	O
and	O
arrange	O
viral	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
machinery	O
for	O
efficient	O
viral	O
RNA	B-PROC
synthesis	I-PROC
.	O

Here	O
we	O
compared	O
structures	O
induced	O
by	O
Beau	O
-	O
R	O
with	O
the	O
pathogenic	O
lab	O
strain	O
M41	O
to	O
determine	O
whether	O
membrane	B-COMP
rearrangements	O
are	O
strain	O
dependent	O
.	O

We	O
then	O
compared	O
a	O
panel	O
of	O
pathogenic	O
,	O
mild	O
and	O
attenuated	O
IBV	B-SPEC
strains	O
in	O
ex	O
vivo	O
tracheal	O
organ	B-ANAT
culture	O
(	O
TOC	B-DISO
).	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
is	O
characterized	O
by	O
a	O
noncardiogenic	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
edema	I-DISO
with	O
bilateral	O
chest	B-ANAT
X	O
-	O
ray	B-SPEC
opacities	B-DISO
and	O
reduction	O
in	O
lung	B-PROC
compliance	I-PROC
,	O
and	O
the	O
hallmark	O
of	O
the	O
syndrome	B-DISO
is	O
hypoxemia	O
refractory	O
to	O
oxygen	B-CHED
therapy	O
.	O

We	O
performed	O
an	O
up	O
-	O
to	O
-	O
date	O
clinical	O
review	O
of	O
the	O
possible	O
available	O
strategies	O
for	O
ARDS	B-DISO
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
hypoxemia	O
.	O

Severe	O
ARDS	B-DISO
patients	O
should	O
receive	O
a	O
holistic	O
framework	O
of	O
respiratory	O
and	O
hemodynamic	B-PROC
support	O
aimed	O
to	O
ensure	O
adequate	O
gas	B-ENZY
exchange	O
while	O
minimizing	O
the	O
risk	O
of	O
VILI	O
,	O
by	O
promoting	O
lung	B-ANAT
recruitment	B-DISO
and	O
setting	O
protective	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
The	O
proteome	O
of	O
the	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
Beau	O
-	O
R	O
virion	B-COMP
.	O

Some	O
of	O
these	O
proteins	B-CHED
were	O
unique	O
to	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
while	O
others	O
were	O
found	O
to	O
be	O
orthologous	O
to	O
proteins	O
identified	O
in	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
virions	B-COMP
and	O
also	O
virions	B-COMP
from	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
other	O
RNA	O
and	O
DNA	O
viruses	B-SPEC
.	O

Our	O
findings	O
show	O
a	O
higher	O
level	O
of	O
spatial	O
heterogeneity	O
in	O
zoonotic	O
transmission	O
compared	O
to	O
human	B-SPEC
-	O
to	O
-	O
human	B-SPEC
,	O
highlighting	O
the	O
strong	O
environmental	O
component	O
of	O
the	O
epidemic	O
.	O

Lung	B-ANAT
mononuclear	O
infiltrates	B-DISO
occurred	O
in	O
all	O
groups	O
after	O
virus	B-SPEC
challenge	O
but	O
with	O
increased	O
infiltrates	B-DISO
that	O
contained	O
eosinophils	B-ANAT
and	O
increases	O
in	O
the	O
eosinophil	B-ANAT
promoting	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
5	I-FUNC
and	O
IL	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
13	I-PRGE
cytokines	I-PRGE
only	O
in	O
the	O
vaccine	O
groups	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Porcine	B-SPEC
deltacoronavirus	O
:	O
Overview	O
of	O
infection	B-DISO
dynamics	O
,	O
diagnostic	O
methods	O
,	O
prevalence	O
and	O
genetic	O
evolution	O
.	O

This	O
study	O
was	O
performed	O
at	O
Mayo	B-SPEC
Clinic	O
,	O
Rochester	O
,	O
MN	O
,	O
in	O
years	O
2007	O
-	O
2009	O
.	O

This	O
study	O
included	O
a	O
total	O
of	O
181	O
consecutive	O
adult	O
patients	O
admitted	O
to	O
the	O
medical	O
intensive	O
care	O
unit	O
meeting	O
criteria	O
for	O
severe	B-DISO
sepsis	I-DISO
or	O
septic	B-DISO
shock	I-DISO
within	O
24	O
h	O
of	O
admission	O
and	O
transported	O
from	O
an	O
acute	O
care	O
facility	O
by	O
a	O
helicopter	O
or	O
ground	O
ambulance	O
.	O

The	O
primary	O
predictive	O
variable	O
was	O
the	O
mode	O
of	O
transport	B-PROC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Low	O
Blood	B-ANAT
Arterial	I-ANAT
Oxygenation	B-PROC
During	O
Venovenous	O
Extracorporeal	O
Membrane	B-COMP
Oxygenation	B-PROC
:	O
Proposal	O
for	O
a	O
Rational	O
Algorithm	O
-	O
Based	O
Management	O
.	O

Observational	O
trial	O
over	O
a	O
3	O
-	O
year	O
period	O
on	O
outcome	O
in	O
trauma	O
patients	O
(	O
Injury	O
Severity	O
Score	O
,	O
ISS	B-DISO
≥	O
16	O
)	O
with	O
severe	O
thoracic	B-DISO
injury	O
(	O
Abbreviated	O
Injury	O
Scale	O
,	O
AIS	B-DISO
Over	O
the	O
3	O
-	O
year	O
period	O
76	O
patients	O
with	O
ISS	B-DISO
≥	O
16	O
/	O
AIS	B-DISO
CLRT	O
remains	O
a	O
therapeutic	O
option	O
to	O
reduce	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
complications	I-DISO
after	O
severe	O
chest	B-ANAT
trauma	O
in	O
our	O
center	O
.	O

To	O
address	O
this	O
,	O
C57BL	O
/	O
6	O
(	O
wild	O
-	O
type	O
;	O
WT	O
)	O
and	O
TLR2	B-PRGE
knockout	O
(	O
KO	O
)	O
groups	O
of	O
mice	B-SPEC
were	O
intraperitoneally	O
infected	O
with	O
MHV3	O
or	O
MHV	B-SPEC
-	O
A59	O
.	O

MHV3	O
infection	B-DISO
provoked	O
a	O
fulminant	B-DISO
hepatitis	I-DISO
in	O
WT	O
mice	B-SPEC
,	O
characterized	O
by	O
early	O
mortality	O
and	O
high	O
alanine	B-CHED
and	O
aspartate	B-PRGE
transaminase	I-PRGE
levels	O
,	O
histopathological	O
lesions	O
and	O
viral	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
whereas	O
infection	B-DISO
of	O
TLR2	B-PRGE
KO	I-PRGE
mice	B-SPEC
was	O
markedly	O
less	O
severe	O
.	O

We	O
present	O
the	O
clinical	O
course	O
and	O
the	O
emergency	B-DISO
C	O
-	O
sec	B-CHED
in	O
a	O
pregnant	O
woman	O
with	O
MERS	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
First	O
genome	O
sequences	O
of	O
buffalo	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
from	O
water	B-CHED
buffaloes	O
in	O
Bangladesh	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
We	O
report	O
the	O
complete	O
genome	O
sequences	O
of	O
a	O
buffalo	O
coronavirus	O
(	O
BufCoV	O
HKU26	O
)	O
detected	O
from	O
the	O
faecal	B-ANAT
samples	O
of	O
two	O
domestic	O
water	B-CHED
buffaloes	O
(	O
Bubalus	B-SPEC
bubalis	I-SPEC
)	O
in	O
Bangladesh	O
.	O

Whether	O
noninvasive	O
positive	O
pressure	O
ventilation	O
(	O
NIPPV	O
)	O
should	O
be	O
attempted	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
H1N1	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
is	O
still	O
a	O
matter	O
of	O
debate	O
.	O

Since	O
PDCoV	O
was	O
just	O
recently	O
linked	O
with	O
clinical	O
disease	O
,	O
few	O
specific	O
antibody	B-COMP
-	O
based	O
reagents	B-CHED
were	O
available	O
to	O
assist	O
in	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
PDCoV	O
and	O
limited	O
serological	O
capabilities	O
were	O
available	O
to	O
detect	O
an	O
antibody	B-PROC
response	I-PROC
to	O
this	O
virus	B-SPEC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Fecal	B-ANAT
calprotectin	O
and	O
immunoglobulin	B-PRGE
A	I-PRGE
(	O
IgA	B-PRGE
)	O
are	O
markers	O
of	O
intestinal	B-ANAT
inflammation	B-DISO
and	O
immunity	B-PROC
in	O
adult	O
dogs	B-SPEC
.	O

Fecal	B-ANAT
calprotectin	O
and	O
IgA	B-PRGE
are	O
of	O
no	O
diagnostic	O
value	O
to	O
detect	O
presence	O
of	O
enteropathogens	O
in	O
clinically	O
healthy	O
puppies	O
or	O
puppies	O
with	O
abnormal	O
feces	B-ANAT
,	O
but	O
could	O
help	O
to	O
better	O
understand	O
the	O
maturation	B-PROC
of	O
digestive	B-ANAT
tract	I-ANAT
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Homology	O
-	O
Based	O
Identification	O
of	O
a	O
Mutation	O
in	O
the	O
Coronavirus	B-SPEC
RNA	O
-	O
Dependent	O
RNA	B-PATH
Polymerase	I-PATH

We	O
modeled	O
the	O
CoV	O
murine	B-DISO
hepatitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
MHV	B-SPEC
)	O
nsp12	O
-	O
RdRp	B-FUNC
structure	O
and	O
superimposed	O
it	O
on	O
solved	O
picornaviral	O
RdRp	B-FUNC
structures	O
.	O

These	O
results	O
indicate	O
that	O
nsp12	O
-	O
RdRp	B-FUNC
likely	O
functions	O
in	O
fidelity	O
regulation	B-PROC
and	O
that	O
,	O
despite	O
low	O
sequence	O
conservation	O
,	O
some	O
determinants	O
of	O
RdRp	B-FUNC
nucleotide	B-CHED
selectivity	O
are	O
conserved	O
across	O
RNA	O
viruses	B-SPEC
.	O

The	O
conserved	O
epitope	B-CHED
was	O
also	O
recognized	O
in	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
-	O
and	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
-	O
infected	O
human	B-PRGE
leukocyte	B-ANAT
antigen	B-CHED
DR2	I-PRGE
and	O
DR3	O
transgenic	B-SPEC
mice	I-SPEC
,	O
indicating	O
potential	O
relevance	O
in	O
human	B-SPEC
populations	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Porcine	B-SPEC
epidemic	I-SPEC
diarrhea	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
)	O
can	O
cause	O
serious	O
disease	O
and	O
even	O
death	B-PROC
in	O
neonatal	O
piglets	O
,	O
resulting	O
in	O
serious	O
damage	O
to	O
the	O
swine	B-SPEC
industry	O
worldwide	O
.	O

Site	O
One	O
was	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
positive	O
;	O
Site	O
Two	O
was	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
negative	O
.	O

On	O
Site	O
One	O
,	O
pen	O
samples	O
(	O
feces	B-ANAT
and	O
oral	B-ANAT
fluids	B-ANAT
)	O
and	O
pig	B-SPEC
samples	O
(	O
rectal	O
swabs	O
and	O
sera	B-COMP
)	O
were	O
collected	O
both	O
before	O
and	O
after	O
the	O
population	O
was	O
exposed	O
to	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Characterization	O
of	O
anti	O
-	O
porcine	B-SPEC
epidemic	I-SPEC
diarrhea	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
neutralizing	O
activity	O
in	O
mammary	B-ANAT
secretions	B-ANAT
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Porcine	B-SPEC
epidemic	I-SPEC
diarrhea	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
)	O
causes	O
a	O
severe	O
clinical	O
enteric	O
disease	O
in	O
suckling	O
neonates	O
with	O
up	O
to	O
100	O
%	O
mortality	O
,	O
resulting	O
in	O
devastating	O
economic	O
losses	O
to	O
the	O
pork	O
industry	O
in	O
recent	O
years	O
.	O

Alternatively	O
,	O
infiltration	B-DISO
of	O
activated	O
cells	B-COMP
of	O
the	O
immune	B-ANAT
system	I-ANAT
may	O
be	O
detrimental	O
,	O
as	O
these	O
cells	B-COMP
can	O
contribute	O
to	O
neuropathology	B-DISO
that	O
may	O
result	O
in	O
long	O
-	O
term	O
cellular	B-COMP
damage	O
or	O
death	B-PROC
.	O

This	O
review	O
highlights	O
recent	O
studies	O
using	O
coronavirus	O
-	O
induced	O
neurologic	O
disease	O
as	O
a	O
model	O
to	O
determine	O
how	O
neutrophils	B-ANAT
affect	O
effective	O
control	O
of	O
viral	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
as	O
well	O
as	O
demyelination	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Phylogenetic	O
and	O
antigenic	O
characterization	O
of	O
newly	O
isolated	O
porcine	B-SPEC
epidemic	B-DISO
diarrhea	I-DISO
viruses	B-SPEC
in	O
Japan	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Salmonella	B-SPEC
Typhi	O
-	O
Induced	O
Septic	B-DISO
Shock	I-DISO
and	O
Acute	B-DISO
Respiratory	I-DISO
Distress	I-DISO
Syndrome	I-DISO
in	O
a	O
Previously	O
Healthy	O
Teenage	O
Patient	O
Treated	O
With	O
High	O
-	O
Dose	O
Dexamethasone	O
.	O

Sensitivity	O
was	O
evaluated	O
by	O
serial	O
dilution	O
of	O
HCoV	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
NL63	I-PRGE
RNA	I-PRGE
from	O
1	O
.	O
6	O
x	O
10	O
(	O
9	O
)	O
to	O
1	O
.	O
6	O
x	O
10	O
(	O
1	O
)	O
per	O
reaction	O
.	O

A	O
live	O
animal	B-SPEC
experiment	O
was	O
conducted	O
,	O
with	O
direct	O
contact	O
between	O
animal	B-SPEC
groups	O
for	O
24	O
h	O
as	O
challenge	O
procedure	O
.	O

Nasal	B-ANAT
shedding	O
preceded	O
fecal	B-ANAT
shedding	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
calves	O
had	O
detectable	O
amounts	O
of	O
viral	O
RNA	O
intermittently	O
in	O
feces	B-ANAT
through	O
day	O
35	O
and	O
in	O
nasal	B-ANAT
secretions	B-ANAT
through	O
day	O
28	O
,	O
however	O
virus	B-SPEC
isolation	O
was	O
unsuccessful	O
from	O
day	O
six	O
and	O
day	O
18	O
from	O
the	O
two	O
calves	O
investigated	O
.	O

Although	O
the	O
calves	O
were	O
shedding	O
BCoV	O
RNA	O
21	O
days	O
after	O
infection	B-DISO
the	O
sentinel	O
animals	B-SPEC
were	O
not	O
infected	O
.	O

Although	O
the	O
calves	O
were	O
shedding	O
BCoV	O
RNA	O
21	O
days	O
after	O
infection	B-DISO
the	O
sentinel	O
animals	B-SPEC
were	O
not	O
infected	O
.	O

Over	O
85	O
natural	O
dibenzylbutyrolactone	O
lignans	B-CHED
known	O
to	O
date	O
and	O
their	O
corresponding	O
plant	B-SPEC
sources	O
are	O
summarized	O
herein	O
for	O
the	O
first	O
time	O
,	O
highlighting	O
a	O
taxon	O
-	O
and	O
organ	B-ANAT
-	O
specific	O
accumulation	O
of	O
these	O
compounds	O
.	O

In	O
the	O
present	O
article	O
we	O
have	O
reviewed	O
the	O
literature	O
on	O
the	O
several	O
facets	B-ANAT
like	O
transmission	O
,	O
precautions	O
and	O
effectiveness	O
of	O
treatments	O
used	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
and	O
SARS	B-DISO
infections	B-DISO
.	O

Our	O
observation	O
suggests	O
that	O
AEC2	O
attenuates	O
LPS	B-DISO
-	O
induced	O
ARDS	B-DISO
via	O
the	O
Ang	O
-(	O
1	O
-	O
7	O
)/	O
Mas	B-COMP
pathway	B-PROC
by	O
inhibiting	O
ERK	B-FUNC
/	O
NF	O
-	O
κB	O
activation	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
in	O
Al	O
-	O
Madinah	O
City	O
,	O
Saudi	O
Arabia	O
:	O
Demographic	O
,	O
clinical	O
and	O
survival	O
data	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
),	O
is	O
an	O
emerging	O
virus	B-SPEC
respiratory	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
.	O

Associated	O
comorbidities	O
were	O
diabetes	B-DISO
mellitus	I-DISO
in	O
nine	O
(	O
31	O
%)	O
patients	O
and	O
chronic	B-DISO
kidney	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
(	O
CKD	O
)	O
in	O
eight	O
(	O
27	O
%)	O
patients	O
.	O

The	O
frequency	O
of	O
cases	O
and	O
deaths	B-PROC
is	O
higher	O
among	O
men	O
than	O
women	O
and	O
among	O
patients	O
with	O
comorbidities	O
.	O

Strategies	O
to	O
identify	O
antiviral	B-CHED
compounds	O
as	O
inhibitors	B-CHED
of	O
ncRNA	B-DISO
are	O
increasingly	O
emphasizing	O
consideration	O
of	O
drug	O
-	O
like	O
properties	O
of	O
candidate	O
molecules	O
emerging	O
from	O
screening	O
and	O
ligand	B-PROC
design	O
.	O

Therefore	O
,	O
many	O
different	O
antigenic	O
forms	O
,	O
serotypes	O
,	O
or	O
variant	O
strains	O
of	O
avian	B-PRGE
coronaviruses	I-PRGE
(	O
AvCoV	O
)	O
exist	O
worldwide	O
.	O

The	O
result	O
of	O
this	O
variability	O
is	O
an	O
inconsistent	O
nomenclature	O
and	O
classification	O
of	O
virus	B-SPEC
strains	O
.	O

At	O
necropsy	O
,	O
the	O
small	B-ANAT
intestines	I-ANAT
were	O
pale	B-DISO
and	O
distended	O
with	O
watery	O
contents	O
.	O

Using	O
immunohistochemistry	O
(	O
IHC	O
),	O
IBV	B-PRGE
antigen	B-CHED
was	O
detected	O
in	O
the	O
intestinal	B-ANAT
epithelial	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
as	O
well	O
as	O
in	O
the	O
proventriculus	B-ANAT
and	O
pancreas	B-ANAT
.	O

In	O
contrast	O
to	O
the	O
field	O
infection	B-DISO
,	O
birds	B-SPEC
in	O
the	O
experimental	O
group	O
showed	O
clear	O
respiratory	O
signs	O
and	O
lesions	O
in	O
the	O
upper	B-ANAT
respiratory	I-ANAT
tract	I-ANAT
.	O

The	O
frequency	O
of	O
respiratory	O
viral	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
in	O
this	O
group	O
of	O
patients	O
suggests	O
an	O
etiologic	O
role	O
in	O
febrile	B-DISO
neutropenia	I-DISO
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
At	O
least	O
one	O
respiratory	O
virus	B-SPEC
was	O
detected	O
in	O
samples	O
from	O
39	O
of	O
87	O
episodes	O
of	O
febrile	B-DISO
neutropenia	I-DISO
(	O
45	O
%),	O
with	O
rhinoviruses	B-SPEC
the	O
most	O
frequently	O
detected	O
.	O

For	O
the	O
current	O
study	O
,	O
we	O
utilized	O
hNPCs	O
differentiated	O
from	O
a	O
human	B-SPEC
induced	O
pluripotent	O
cell	B-ANAT
line	I-ANAT
via	O
an	O
embryoid	B-ANAT
body	I-ANAT
intermediate	O
stage	O
(	O
EB	O
-	O
NPCs	O
).	O

Dampened	O
neuroinflammation	O
and	O
remyelination	B-PROC
was	O
correlated	O
with	O
a	O
transient	B-PRGE
increase	I-PRGE
in	I-PRGE
CD4	I-PRGE
+	I-PRGE
FOXP3	I-PRGE
+	I-PRGE
regulatory	I-PRGE
T	I-PRGE
cells	I-PRGE
(	O
Tregs	O
)	O
concentrated	O
within	O
the	O
peripheral	O
lymphatics	B-ANAT
.	O

APE	B-SPEC
symptoms	O
which	O
caused	O
an	O
arousal	O
from	O
sleep	B-PROC
or	O
occurred	O
within	O
the	O
first	O
hour	O
after	O
wake	B-PROC
-	O
up	O
were	O
considered	O
to	O
be	O
sleep	B-PROC
-	O
related	O
.	O

OSA	B-DISO
might	O
trigger	O
APE	B-SPEC
,	O
possibly	O
reflecting	O
a	O
pathophysiological	O
relationship	O
between	O
these	O
two	O
conditions	O
.	O

Currently	O
,	O
there	O
are	O
no	O
effective	O
treatments	O
for	O
ALI	O
/	O
ARDS	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
ironically	O
,	O
therapies	O
intended	O
to	O
aid	O
patients	O
(	O
specifically	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
,	O
MV	O
)	O
may	O
aggravate	O
the	O
symptoms	O
.	O

Numerous	O
studies	O
have	O
demonstrated	O
the	O
importance	O
of	O
Nrf2	B-PRGE
activation	O
in	O
the	O
protection	O
against	O
ALI	O
/	O
ARDS	B-DISO
,	O
as	O
pharmacological	O
activation	O
of	O
Nrf2	B-PRGE
prevents	O
the	O
occurrence	O
or	O
mitigates	O
the	O
severity	O
of	O
ALI	O
/	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
ethanolic	O
flower	O
extract	O
was	O
the	O
most	O
potent	O
inhibitor	B-CHED
of	O
HIV	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
RT	I-PRGE
DNA	I-PRGE
polymerase	I-PRGE
RNA	O
-	O
dependent	O
and	O
Ribonuclease	B-PRGE
H	I-PRGE
with	O
IC50	O
values	O
of	O
0	O
.	O
26	O
and	O
0	O
.	O
33	O
μg	O
/	O
mL	O
,	O
respectively	O
.	O

Using	O
real	O
-	O
time	O
reverse	B-PROC
transcription	I-PROC
PCR	O
,	O
we	O
tested	O
respiratory	B-ANAT
tract	I-ANAT
samples	O
for	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
and	O
identified	O
65	O
case	O
-	O
patients	O
.	O

The	O
S	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
has	O
a	O
multidomain	O
architecture	O
and	O
has	O
been	O
reported	O
to	O
bind	B-FUNC
to	O
carbohydrate	B-CHED
(	O
sialic	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
)	O
and	O
proteinaceous	O
(	O
aminopeptidase	B-PRGE
N	I-PRGE
)	O
cell	B-COMP
surface	I-COMP
molecules	O
.	O

While	O
,	O
at	O
first	O
,	O
it	O
appeared	O
as	O
a	O
disease	O
affecting	O
feeder	O
pigs	B-SPEC
,	O
fattening	O
-	O
and	O
adult	O
swine	B-SPEC
,	O
it	O
later	O
also	O
became	O
pathogenic	O
for	O
neonatal	O
and	O
suckling	O
pigs	B-SPEC
hereby	O
drastically	O
increasing	O
its	O
economic	O
impact	O
.	O

Pathogenesis	B-DISO
studies	O
with	O
the	O
prototype	O
strain	O
CV777	O
showed	O
severe	O
villous	O
atrophy	B-DISO
in	O
neonatal	O
pigs	B-SPEC
and	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
-	O
animal	B-SPEC
interactions	O
showed	O
many	O
similarities	O
with	O
transmissible	O
gastro	B-ANAT
-	O
enteritis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
),	O
another	O
porcine	B-SPEC
coronavirus	B-SPEC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Comparison	O
of	O
the	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
dead	B-PROC
-	O
space	O
fraction	O
derived	O
from	O
ventilator	O
volumetric	O
capnography	O
and	O
a	O
validated	O
equation	O
in	O
the	O
survival	O
prediction	O
of	O
patients	O
with	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
distress	O
syndrome	O
.	O

Regional	O
changes	O
in	O
lung	B-ANAT
aeration	O
can	O
be	O
assessed	O
by	O
lung	B-ANAT
ultrasound	O
(	O
LUS	O
).	O

High	O
seroprevalences	O
of	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
antibodies	B-COMP
and	O
the	O
high	O
virus	B-SPEC
prevalence	O
in	O
Saudi	O
Arabian	O
dromedary	B-SPEC
camels	B-SPEC
indicate	O
an	O
endemicity	O
of	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
in	O
the	O
Arabian	O
Peninsula	O
,	O
which	O
predates	O
the	O
2012	O
human	B-SPEC
MERS	O
index	O
case	O
.	O

Target	O
attainment	O
(	O
area	O
under	O
the	O
concentration	O
-	O
time	O
curve	O
over	O
12	O
h	O
[	O
AUC12	O
]/	O
MIC	B-CHED
ratio	O
of	O
>	O
50	O
;	O
MIC	B-CHED
=	O
2	O
mg	O
/	O
liter	O
)	O
was	O
calculated	O
for	O
both	O
the	O
study	O
patients	O
and	O
a	O
simulated	O
independent	O
patient	O
group	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
67	O
,	O
000	O
).	O

Analysis	O
of	O
state	O
responses	O
to	O
infectious	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
using	O
international	O
relations	O
theories	O
must	O
consider	O
domestic	O
political	O
factors	O
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
Analysis	O
of	O
state	O
responses	O
to	O
infectious	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
using	O
international	O
relations	O
theories	O
must	O
consider	O
domestic	O
political	O
factors	O
.	O

The	O
challenge	O
is	O
how	O
to	O
take	O
this	O
academic	O
virology	O
knowledge	O
into	O
a	O
drug	O
discovery	O
and	O
development	B-PROC
domain	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Dialysis	B-SPEC
disequilibrium	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
:	O
A	O
preventable	O
fatal	O
acute	O
complication	B-DISO
.	O

We	O
described	O
a	O
case	O
of	O
DDS	B-DISO
resulting	O
in	O
irreversible	O
brain	B-ANAT
injury	O
and	O
death	B-PROC
following	O
acute	O
haemodialysis	O
.	O

A	O
13	O
-	O
year	O
-	O
old	O
male	O
with	O
no	O
past	O
medical	O
history	O
and	O
weighing	O
30kg	O
,	O
presented	O
to	O
hospital	O
with	O
severe	O
urosepsis	B-DISO
complicated	O
by	O
acute	O
kidney	B-ANAT
injury	O
(	O
Creatinine	B-CHED
1422mmol	O
/	O
L	O
;	O
Urea	B-CHED
74	O
.	O
2mmol	O
/	O
L	O
,	O
Potassium	B-CHED
6	O
.	O
3mmol	O
/	O
L	O
,	O
Sodium	O
137mmol	O
/	O
L	O
)	O
and	O
severe	O
metabolic	B-DISO
acidosis	I-DISO
(	O
pH	O
6	O
.	O
99	O
,	O
HC03	O
1	O
.	O
7mmol	O
/	O
L	O
).	O

CT	O
Brain	B-ANAT
showed	O
generalised	O
cerebral	B-DISO
oedema	I-DISO
consistent	O
with	O
global	O
hypoxic	O
changes	O
involving	O
the	O
brainstem	B-ANAT
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Maternal	O
-	O
fetal	B-ANAT
prognosis	O
in	O
HELLP	B-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
in	O
a	O
level	O
3	O
maternal	O
-	O
fetal	B-ANAT
care	O
centre	O
.	O

The	O
leading	O
maternal	O
complications	O
associated	O
with	O
HELLP	B-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
were	O
the	O
following	O
:	O
severe	B-DISO
preeclampsia	I-DISO
,	O
eclampsia	B-DISO
,	O
placental	B-DISO
abruption	I-DISO
,	O
acute	B-DISO
pulmonary	I-DISO
edema	I-DISO
,	O
acute	B-DISO
kidney	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
,	O
disseminated	B-DISO
intravascular	I-DISO
coagulation	I-DISO
syndrome	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
immediate	O
maternal	B-PROC
death	I-PROC
.	O

The	O
management	O
and	O
delivery	O
of	O
the	O
patients	O
with	O
HELLP	O
syndrome	O
must	O
take	O
place	O
in	O
a	O
tertiary	O
referral	O
maternal	O
and	O
fetal	B-ANAT
care	O
centre	O
.	O

After	O
an	O
incubation	O
period	O
of	O
2	O
-	O
7	O
days	O
,	O
symptomatic	O
patients	O
develop	O
rapid	O
onset	O
fever	O
,	O
maculopapular	O
rash	B-DISO
,	O
arthralgia	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
conjunctivitis	B-DISO
,	O
often	O
associated	O
with	O
headache	B-DISO
and	O
myalgias	B-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
efficacy	O
and	O
therapeutic	O
mechanisms	O
of	O
continuous	O
renal	B-ANAT
replacement	O
therapy	O
(	O
CRRT	O
)	O
for	O
improvement	O
of	O
oxygenation	B-PROC
in	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
remain	O
controversial	O
.	O

Improvement	O
in	O
oxygenation	B-PROC
is	O
likely	O
related	O
to	O
both	O
restoration	O
of	O
fluid	B-PROC
balance	I-PROC
and	O
clearance	O
of	O
inflammatory	O
mediators	O
.	O

Epidemiological	O
and	O
other	O
data	O
suggest	O
that	O
the	O
source	O
of	O
most	O
primary	O
cases	O
is	O
exposure	O
to	O
camels	B-SPEC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Data	O
on	O
prolonged	O
extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenation	B-PROC
(	O
ECMO	O
)	O
usage	O
in	O
influenza	B-DISO
associated	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
are	O
lacking	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
on	O
inanimate	O
surfaces	O
:	O
A	O
risk	O
for	O
health	O
care	O
transmission	O
.	O

Sonography	O
,	O
however	O
,	O
revealed	O
a	O
retrochorial	O
hematoma	B-DISO
;	O
the	O
patient	O
was	O
diagnosed	O
with	O
abortus	B-ANAT
imminens	O
and	O
successfully	O
treated	O
with	O
magnesium	B-CHED
substitution	O
and	O
bed	B-DISO
rest	B-FUNC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Infection	B-DISO
with	O
porcine	B-SPEC
epidemic	I-SPEC
diarrhea	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
)	O
causes	O
diarrhea	B-DISO
,	O
vomiting	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
high	O
mortality	O
in	O
suckling	O
pigs	B-SPEC
.	O

The	O
objective	O
of	O
this	O
study	O
was	O
to	O
compare	O
thermal	O
and	O
electron	O
beam	O
processing	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
inclusion	O
of	O
feed	O
additives	O
on	O
the	O
inactivation	B-DISO
of	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
in	O
feed	O
.	O

Three	O
hundred	O
five	O
enteric	O
contents	O
of	O
29	O
bat	B-ENZY
species	B-SPEC
were	O
tested	O
using	O
a	O
panCoV	O
nested	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
.	O

We	O
hypothesized	O
that	O
obesity	B-DISO
-	O
associated	O
hyperleptinemia	O
,	O
and	O
not	O
body	B-ANAT
mass	O
per	O
se	O
,	O
drives	O
attenuation	O
of	O
the	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
inflammatory	B-DISO
response	I-DISO
and	O
that	O
this	O
e_ect	O
could	O
also	O
impair	O
the	O
host	B-PROC
response	I-PROC
to	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Severe	O
Acute	B-DISO
Infection	I-DISO
Due	O
to	O
Serratia	B-SPEC
marcescens	I-SPEC
Causing	O
Respiratory	B-DISO
Distress	I-DISO
in	O
An	O
Immunocompetent	O
Adult	O
.	O

It	O
often	O
causes	O
nosocomial	O
device	O
-	O
associated	O
outbreaks	O
and	O
rarely	O
serious	O
invasive	O
community	B-DISO
acquired	I-DISO
infections	I-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Prevalence	O
of	O
comorbidities	O
in	O
the	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
):	O
a	O
systematic	O
review	O
and	O
meta	O
-	O
analysis	O
.	O

Leukopenia	B-DISO
and	O
subsequent	O
bacterial	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
occurred	O
,	O
but	O
the	O
patient	O
recovered	O
completely	O
and	O
was	O
discharged	O
from	O
the	O
hospital	O
after	O
54days	O
.	O

Nasal	B-ANAT
swabs	O
from	O
1113	O
dromedary	B-SPEC
camels	B-SPEC
(	O
39	O
farms	O
)	O
and	O
34	O
sheep	B-SPEC
(	O
1	O
farm	O
)	O
and	O
sputum	B-ANAT
samples	O
from	O
2	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
-	O
infected	O
camel	B-SPEC
farm	O
owners	O
and	O
1	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
-	O
infected	O
sheep	B-SPEC
farm	O
owner	O
were	O
collected	O
.	O

Samples	O
from	O
camels	B-SPEC
and	O
humans	B-SPEC
underwent	O
real	O
-	O
time	O
reverse	O
-	O
transcription	B-PROC
quantitative	O
PCR	O
screening	O
to	O
detect	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
.	O
In	O
addition	O
,	O
sequencing	O
and	O
phylogenetic	O
analysis	O
of	O
partially	O
characterized	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
genome	O
fragments	O
obtained	O
from	O
camels	B-SPEC
were	O
performed	O
.	O

The	O
maximum	O
duration	O
of	O
viral	B-DISO
shedding	I-DISO
from	O
infected	O
camels	B-SPEC
was	O
2	O
weeks	O
after	O
the	O
first	O
positive	O
test	O
result	O
as	O
detected	O
in	O
nasal	B-ANAT
swabs	O
and	O
in	O
rectal	O
swabs	O
obtained	O
from	O
infected	O
calves	O
.	O

Data	O
provided	O
further	O
evidence	O
of	O
the	O
zoonotic	O
potential	O
of	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
infection	B-DISO
and	O
strongly	O
suggested	O
that	O
camels	B-SPEC
may	O
have	O
a	O
role	O
in	O
the	O
transmission	O
of	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
to	O
humans	B-SPEC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Isolation	O
and	O
characterization	O
of	O
porcine	B-SPEC
epidemic	I-SPEC
diarrhea	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
associated	O
with	O
the	O
2014	O
disease	O
outbreak	O
in	O
Mexico	O
:	O
case	O
report	O
.	O

The	O
presence	O
of	O
the	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
in	O
cultures	O
and	O
clinical	O
samples	O
was	O
confirmed	O
by	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
amplification	B-DISO
and	O
sequencing	O
of	O
a	O
651	O
-	O
bp	O
segment	O
of	O
the	O
S	B-PRGE
glycoprotein	I-PRGE
gene	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
a	O
681	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
bp	I-PRGE
matrix	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
.	O

The	O
nucleotide	B-CHED
sequence	O
analysis	O
of	O
the	O
Mexican	O
isolates	O
showed	O
marked	O
homology	O
to	O
viruses	B-SPEC
that	O
circulated	O
in	O
2013	O
in	O
Colorado	O
,	O
USA	O
.	O

Retinal	B-DISO
vasculitis	I-DISO
was	O
seen	O
in	O
13	O
.	O
7	O
%	O
(	O
36	O
/	O
262	O
),	O
and	O
the	O
risk	O
appeared	O
higher	O
in	O
females	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
In	O
an	O
epidemiological	O
study	O
of	O
ferret	O
coronaviruses	O
(	O
FRCoVs	O
),	O
novel	O
FRCoV	O
strains	O
(	O
Saitama	O
-	O
1	O
and	O
Aichi	O
-	O
1	O
)	O
were	O
detected	O
by	O
reverse	B-PROC
transcription	I-PROC
-	O
polymerase	O
chain	O
reaction	O
(	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
)	O
and	O
nucleotide	B-CHED
sequence	O
analysis	O
of	O
partial	O
RNA	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
dependent	I-PRGE
RNA	I-PRGE
polymerase	I-PRGE
(	O
RdRp	B-FUNC
)	O
genes	O
.	O

Furthermore	O
,	O
the	O
results	O
of	O
SimPlot	O
analysis	O
indicated	O
that	O
FRCoV	O
(	O
MSU	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
strain	O
)	O
emerged	O
via	O
a	O
recombination	B-PROC
event	O
of	O
S	O
protein	B-CHED
between	O
the	O
MSU	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
and	O
Saitama	O
-	O
1	O
strains	O
.	O

Limits	O
of	O
detection	O
(	O
LOD	B-FUNC
)	O
with	O
95	O
%	O
probability	O
values	O
were	O
estimated	O
by	O
testing	O
16	O
replicates	O
of	O
upstream	B-PRGE
of	I-PRGE
the	I-PRGE
envelope	I-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
(	O
upE	O
)	O
and	O
open	O
reading	O
frame	O
1a	O
(	O
ORF1a	O
)	O
RNA	O
transcripts	O
.	O

Specificity	O
was	O
estimated	O
by	O
using	O
28	O
nasopharyngeal	B-ANAT
swabs	O
that	O
were	O
positive	O
for	O
other	O
respiratory	O
viruses	B-SPEC
.	O

The	O
overall	O
sensitivity	O
and	O
specificity	O
of	O
all	O
six	O
assay	O
systems	O
were	O
sufficient	O
for	O
diagnosing	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
results	O
showed	O
that	O
all	O
eight	O
strains	O
were	O
genetically	O
and	O
serotypically	O
different	O
from	O
the	O
strain	O
ck	O
/	O
CH	O
/	O
LDL	B-CHED
/	O
140520	O
.	O

The	O
new	O
CPV	B-SPEC
-	O
2a	O
variant	O
was	O
more	O
prevalent	O
than	O
the	O
new	O
CPV	B-SPEC
-	O
2b	O
variant	O
in	O
Henan	O
province	O
.	O

The	O
epidemiology	O
of	O
CPV	B-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
and	O
identification	O
of	O
the	O
circulating	O
genotypes	O
in	O
Henan	O
province	O
,	O
China	O
from	O
2009	O
to	O
2014	O
determined	O
that	O
the	O
new	O
CPV	B-SPEC
-	O
2a	O
variant	O
was	O
more	O
prevalent	O
.	O

It	O
is	O
now	O
defined	O
as	O
an	O
abnormal	O
host	B-PROC
response	I-PROC
to	O
infection	B-DISO
,	O
resulting	O
in	O
life	O
-	O
threatening	O
dysfunction	O
of	O
organs	B-ANAT
.	O

Corticosteroids	B-CHED
may	O
also	O
shorten	O
the	O
duration	O
of	O
stay	O
in	O
the	O
ICU	O
.	O

Except	O
for	O
increased	O
blood	B-ANAT
glucose	B-CHED
and	O
sodium	O
levels	O
,	O
treatment	O
with	O
corticosteroids	B-CHED
was	O
rather	O
well	O
tolerated	O
in	O
the	O
context	O
of	O
clinical	O
trials	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
A	O
Three	O
-	O
phase	O
Approach	O
for	O
the	O
Early	O
Identification	O
of	O
Acute	O
Lung	B-ANAT
Injury	O
Induced	O
by	O
Severe	B-DISO
Sepsis	B-SPEC
.	O

In	O
order	B-SPEC
to	O
prevent	O
ALI	O
/	O
ARDS	B-DISO
in	O
patients	O
with	O
sepsis	B-DISO
,	O
countermeasures	O
for	O
NET	O
and	O
platelet	B-PROC
aggregation	I-PROC
should	O
be	O
pre	O
-	O
emptively	O
employed	O
and	O
confirmed	O
by	O
several	O
trials	O
.	O

Factor	O
analysis	O
provided	O
a	O
questionnaire	O
of	O
23	O
items	O
on	O
5	O
dimensions	O
of	O
sleep	B-DISO
disturbance	I-DISO
in	O
coronary	B-ANAT
patients	O
:	O
""""	O
sleep	B-PROC
onset	I-PROC
and	O
continuity	O
disorder	O
","""	O
""""	O
disorder	O
in	O
daytime	O
functioning	O
","""	O
""""	O
sleep	B-DISO
disturbance	I-DISO
caused	O
by	O
environmental	O
factors	O
","""	O
""""	O
sleep	O
disturbance	O
as	O
a	O
result	O
of	O
cardiac	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
","""	O
and	O
""""	O
respiratory	B-DISO
disorders	I-DISO
during	O
sleep	B-PROC
.	O

Sleep	B-DISO
disturbance	I-DISO
questionnaire	O
for	O
patients	O
with	O
ACS	B-FUNC
hospitalized	O
in	O
coronary	B-ANAT
care	O
unit	O
(	O
CCU	O
)	O
was	O
identified	O
in	O
5	O
dimensions	O
and	O
assessed	O
for	O
validity	O
and	O
reliability	O
.	O

In	O
the	O
first	O
group	O
(	O
APRV	O
)	O
the	O
airway	B-ANAT
pressure	O
release	B-PATH
ventilation	O
was	O
used	O
;	O
the	O
second	O
group	O
(	O
SIMV	O
)	O
was	O
ventilated	O
using	O
synchronized	O
intermittent	O
mandatory	O
ventilation	O
mode	O
and	O
positive	O
end	O
expiratory	O
pressure	O
(	O
PEEP	B-CHED
).	O

In	O
APRV	O
group	O
ventilation	O
central	O
venous	O
pressure	O
(	O
CVP	O
)	O
and	O
systemic	O
circulation	B-PROC
resistance	B-PROC
index	O
(	O
SVRI	O
)	O
were	O
reduced	O
,	O
but	O
cardiac	B-ANAT
index	O
(	O
CI	O
)	O
increased	O
,	O
and	O
at	O
the	O
same	O
time	O
lac	B-CHED
and	O
oxygen	B-CHED
saturation	O
of	O
central	O
venous	B-ANAT
blood	I-ANAT
(	O
ScvO2	O
)	O
were	O
improved	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Regulation	B-PROC
of	O
Stress	O
Responses	O
and	O
Translational	B-PROC
Control	O
by	O
Coronavirus	B-SPEC
.	O

Here	O
,	O
we	O
review	O
the	O
strategies	O
exploited	O
by	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
to	O
modulate	O
cellular	B-DISO
stress	B-PATH
response	I-PATH
pathways	B-PROC
.	O

During	O
virus	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
,	O
type	O
I	O
interferon	B-PRGE
(	O
IFN	B-PRGE
)	O
is	O
a	O
key	O
mediator	O
of	O
innate	O
antiviral	B-CHED
responses	O
.	O

Our	O
findings	O
reveal	O
a	O
new	O
mechanism	O
evolved	O
by	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
to	O
circumvent	O
the	O
host	B-COMP
antiviral	B-PROC
response	I-PROC
.	O

All	O
-	O
trans	O
retinoic	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
(	O
ATRA	O
),	O
oral	B-ANAT
administration	O
,	O
was	O
initiated	O
.	O

On	O
day	O
25	O
,	O
he	O
developed	O
fever	B-PROC
and	O
respiratory	B-DISO
distress	I-DISO
with	O
bilateral	B-DISO
pulmonary	I-DISO
infiltrates	I-DISO
,	O
suggesting	O
differentiation	B-PROC
syndrome	B-DISO
(	O
DS	O
)	O
caused	O
by	O
ATRA	O
.	O

Pathological	O
examination	O
of	O
the	O
resected	O
ileocecal	O
intestines	O
revealed	O
multiple	B-DISO
ulcers	I-DISO
and	O
perforations	O
.	O

No	O
leukemic	B-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
infiltration	B-DISO
was	O
observed	O
.	O

In	O
this	O
case	O
,	O
only	O
ATRA	O
was	O
administered	O
for	O
APL	B-DISO
treatment	O
.	O

We	O
present	O
a	O
case	O
of	O
fire	O
-	O
eater	O
'	O
s	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
in	O
a	O
28	O
-	O
year	O
-	O
old	O
white	O
man	B-CHED
with	O
severe	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
complications	I-DISO
.	O

This	O
study	O
was	O
conducted	O
to	O
evaluate	O
the	O
diagnostic	O
and	O
prognostic	O
value	O
of	O
Presepsin	O
in	O
ICU	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	B-DISO
sepsis	I-DISO
(	O
SS	O
),	O
septic	B-DISO
shock	I-DISO
(	O
SSh	O
)	O
and	O
severe	O
community	O
-	O
acquired	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
(	O
sCAP	O
).	O

In	O
the	O
72	O
/	O
144	O
patients	O
admitted	O
for	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
,	O
the	O
capability	O
of	O
Presepsin	O
to	O
diagnose	O
sCAP	O
was	O
significantly	O
better	O
than	O
PCT	B-DISO
.	O

Presepsin	O
levels	O
were	O
also	O
predictive	O
of	O
ICU	O
mortality	O
in	O
sepsis	B-DISO
and	O
in	O
sCAP	O
patients	O
.	O

In	O
view	O
of	O
the	O
rapid	O
onset	O
and	O
extent	O
of	O
hemorrhage	O
which	O
may	O
culminate	O
quickly	O
into	O
asphyxiation	B-DISO
and	O
death	B-PROC
,	O
HFOV	O
may	O
indeed	O
be	O
lifesaving	O
in	O
severe	O
LPHS	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Virus	B-SPEC
Infection	I-PROC
and	O
Titration	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
in	O
Mouse	B-ANAT
Lung	I-ANAT
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Preventing	O
Facial	B-ANAT
Pressure	B-DISO
Ulcers	I-DISO
in	O
Acute	B-DISO
Respiratory	I-DISO
Distress	I-DISO
Syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
).	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
In	O
patients	O
with	O
acute	O
lung	O
injury	O
and	O
/	O
or	O
severe	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
),	O
prone	O
positioning	O
is	O
a	O
therapeutic	O
intervention	O
to	O
improve	O
oxygenation	B-PROC
.	O

Neurotropic	O
mouse	B-DISO
hepatitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
MHV	B-SPEC
)	O
infection	B-DISO
in	O
mice	B-SPEC
provides	O
a	O
useful	O
tool	O
for	O
studying	O
mechanisms	O
of	O
demyelination	B-DISO
in	O
a	O
virus	B-SPEC
-	O
induced	O
experimental	O
model	O
of	O
MS	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Porcine	B-SPEC
enteric	O
coronaviruses	O
(	O
CoVs	O
)	O
cause	O
severe	O
disease	O
in	O
the	O
porcine	O
herds	O
worldwide	O
,	O
leading	O
to	O
important	O
economic	O
losses	O
.	O

This	O
review	O
is	O
focused	O
in	O
the	O
host	B-COMP
cell	I-COMP
responses	O
to	O
enteric	O
porcine	B-SPEC
CoV	O
infection	B-DISO
and	O
the	O
viral	O
proteins	B-CHED
involved	O
in	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
most	O
serious	O
side	B-DISO
effect	I-DISO
of	O
HA	O
is	O
aspiration	B-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
.	O

We	O
identified	O
all	O
patients	O
and	O
health	O
-	O
care	O
workers	O
who	O
had	O
been	O
in	O
the	O
emergency	B-DISO
room	O
with	O
the	O
index	O
case	O
between	O
May	O
27	O
and	O
May	O
29	O
,	O
2015	O
.	O

The	O
first	O
portion	O
of	O
this	O
review	O
outlines	O
the	O
diagnostic	O
role	O
of	O
bedside	O
ultrasound	O
in	O
the	O
medically	O
critically	B-DISO
ill	I-DISO
patient	O
population	O
for	O
the	O
diagnosis	O
and	O
treatment	O
of	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
,	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
,	O
and	O
severe	O
hypoxemia	O
.	O

Patients	O
with	O
hemodynamic	B-DISO
instability	I-DISO
,	O
coma	B-DISO
and	O
uncooperative	O
patients	O
were	O
excluded	O
from	O
study	O
.	O

Present	O
ongoing	O
epidemic	O
of	O
this	O
deadly	O
virus	B-SPEC
in	O
poultry	O
livestock	O
and	O
humans	B-SPEC
has	O
had	O
major	O
economic	O
and	O
health	O
repercussions	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
causes	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
,	O
which	O
is	O
associated	O
with	O
severe	O
inflammation	B-DISO
and	O
lung	B-ANAT
damage	O
and	O
has	O
a	O
high	O
mortality	O
and	O
for	O
which	O
there	O
is	O
no	O
therapy	O
.	O

MSCs	B-FUNC
reduce	O
the	O
pro	B-CHED
-	O
inflammatory	B-DISO
response	I-DISO
to	O
injury	O
while	O
augmenting	O
the	O
host	B-PROC
response	I-PROC
to	O
bacterial	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
.	O

Strategies	O
to	O
further	O
enhance	O
the	O
efficacy	O
of	O
MSCs	B-FUNC
,	O
such	O
as	O
by	O
overexpressing	O
anti	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
inflammatory	I-PRGE
or	I-PRGE
pro	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
repair	B-PROC
molecules	I-PRGE
,	O
are	O
also	O
being	O
investigated	O
.	O

Although	O
considerable	O
translational	B-PROC
challenges	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
concerns	O
regarding	O
cell	B-COMP
manufacture	O
scale	O
-	O
up	O
and	O
issues	O
regarding	O
cell	B-COMP
potency	O
and	O
batch	O
variability	O
,	O
must	O
be	O
overcome	O
,	O
MSCs	B-FUNC
constitute	O
a	O
highly	O
promising	O
potential	O
therapy	O
for	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

Initiation	O
of	O
ECMO	O
for	O
adult	O
ARDS	B-DISO
should	O
be	O
considered	O
when	O
conventional	O
therapy	O
cannot	O
maintain	O
adequate	O
oxygenation	B-PROC
.	O

ECMO	O
is	O
not	O
a	O
treatment	O
for	O
the	O
underlying	O
cause	O
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
due	O
to	O
severe	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
tuberculosis	B-PATH
treated	O
with	O
extracorporeal	O
membrane	O
oxygenation	B-PROC
:	O
A	O
case	O
report	O
and	O
review	O
of	O
the	O
literature	O
.	O

The	O
optimal	O
cutoff	O
values	O
were	O
risk	O
class	B-SPEC
3	O
.	O
5	O
for	O
RESP	O
and	O
35	O
.	O
5	O
for	O
APACHE	O
II	O
score	O
,	O
and	O
both	O
showed	O
70	O
.	O
0	O
%	O
sensitivity	O
and	O
84	O
.	O
6	O
%	O
specificity	O
.	O

Development	B-PROC
of	O
a	O
scoring	O
system	O
with	O
national	O
characteristics	O
might	O
be	O
warranted	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Productive	O
replication	O
of	O
nephropathogenic	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
in	O
peripheral	B-ANAT
blood	I-ANAT
monocytic	B-ANAT
cells	B-COMP
,	O
a	O
strategy	O
for	O
viral	O
dissemination	O
and	O
kidney	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
in	O
chickens	B-SPEC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
In	O
the	O
present	O
study	O
,	O
the	O
replication	O
kinetics	O
of	O
nephropathogenic	O
(	O
B1648	O
)	O
and	O
respiratory	O
(	O
Massachusetts	O
-	O
M41	O
)	O
IBV	B-SPEC
strains	O
were	O
compared	O
in	O
vitro	O
in	O
respiratory	O
mucosa	B-ANAT
explants	O
and	O
blood	B-ANAT
monocytes	I-ANAT
(	O
KUL01	O
(+)	O
cells	B-COMP
),	O
and	O
in	O
vivo	O
in	O
chickens	B-SPEC
to	O
understand	O
why	O
some	O
IBV	B-SPEC
strains	O
have	O
a	O
kidney	B-ANAT
tropism	B-PROC
.	O

In	O
B1648	O
inoculated	O
animals	B-SPEC
,	O
10	O
(	O
2	O
.	O
7	O
-	O
6	O
.	O
8	O
)	O
viral	O
RNA	O
copies	O
/	O
100	O
mg	O
were	O
detected	O
in	O
tracheal	O
secretions	B-ANAT
at	O
2	O
,	O
4	O
,	O
6	O
,	O
8	O
,	O
10	O
and	O
12	O
days	O
post	O
inoculation	O
(	O
dpi	O
),	O
10	O
(	O
2	O
.	O
4	O
-	O
4	O
.	O
5	O
)	O
viral	O
RNA	O
copies	O
/	O
mL	O
in	O
plasma	B-ANAT
at	O
2	O
,	O
4	O
,	O
6	O
,	O
8	O
,	O
10	O
and	O
12	O
dpi	O
and	O
10	O
(	O
1	O
.	O
8	O
-	O
4	O
.	O
4	O
)	O
viral	O
RNA	O
copies	O
/	O
10	O
(	O
6	O
)	O
mononuclear	O
cells	O
in	O
blood	B-ANAT
at	O
2	O
,	O
4	O
,	O
6	O
and	O
8	O
dpi	O
.	O

The	O
nutrition	B-PROC
indicators	O
before	O
and	O
after	O
EN	O
therapy	O
were	O
compared	O
by	O
paired	O
t	O
-	O
test	O
.	O

EN	O
is	O
suitable	O
for	O
a	O
variety	O
of	O
children	O
'	O
s	O
digestive	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
,	O
which	O
can	O
improve	O
the	O
nutritional	O
status	O
of	O
the	O
patients	O
and	O
was	O
safe	O
for	O
clinical	O
application	O
.	O

The	O
extent	O
of	O
pulmonary	O
infiltration	O
observed	O
on	O
the	O
first	O
chest	B-ANAT
X	O
-	O
ray	B-SPEC
and	O
the	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
invasive	O
fungal	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
were	O
the	O
most	O
relevant	O
early	O
predictive	O
factors	O
of	O
the	O
severity	O
of	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

Since	O
the	O
therapeutic	O
strategies	O
for	O
IPS	O
are	O
clearly	O
different	O
from	O
those	O
of	O
infectious	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
,	O
and	O
therapeutic	O
delay	O
causes	O
a	O
poor	O
prognosis	O
,	O
radiologists	O
should	O
be	O
aware	O
of	O
some	O
characteristic	O
HRCT	O
findings	O
of	O
IPS	B-DISO
,	O
which	O
includes	O
a	O
wide	O
spectrum	O
of	O
entities	O
.	O

AEGIS	O
adds	O
nucleotides	B-CHED
to	O
the	O
four	O
found	O
in	O
standard	O
DNA	O
and	O
RNA	O
(	O
xNA	O
);	O
AEGIS	O
nucleotides	B-CHED
pair	O
orthogonally	O
to	O
the	O
A	O
:	O
T	O
and	O
G	O
:	O
C	O
pairs	O
.	O

Placing	O
AEGIS	O
components	O
in	O
the	O
stems	B-ANAT
of	O
molecular	O
beacons	O
is	O
shown	O
to	O
lower	O
noise	O
by	O
preventing	O
unwanted	O
stem	B-ANAT
invasion	B-DISO
by	O
adventitious	O
natural	O
xNA	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Highly	O
pathogenic	O
human	O
coronaviruses	O
associated	O
with	O
a	O
severe	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
,	O
including	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
),	O
have	O
recently	O
emerged	O
.	O

We	O
tested	O
the	O
antiviral	B-CHED
effect	O
of	O
griffithsin	O
(	O
GRFT	O
),	O
a	O
lectin	B-PRGE
isolated	O
from	O
the	O
red	O
marine	O
alga	O
Griffithsia	B-SPEC
sp	O
.	O
against	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
trauma	O
integration	B-PROC
treatment	O
system	O
can	O
improve	O
the	O
treatment	O
quality	O
of	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
trauma	O
.	O

More	O
than	O
half	O
(	O
54	O
%)	O
of	O
infections	B-DISO
were	O
believed	O
to	O
be	O
caught	O
at	O
the	O
emergency	B-DISO
department	O
.	O

Four	O
children	O
from	O
two	O
unrelated	O
kindreds	O
died	B-PROC
of	O
severe	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
during	O
infancy	O
following	O
viral	B-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
with	O
evidence	O
of	O
combined	O
T	O
and	O
B	B-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
immunodeficiency	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Acute	O
viral	O
respiratory	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
among	O
children	O
in	O
MERS	O
-	O
endemic	O
Riyadh	O
,	O
Saudi	O
Arabia	O
,	O
2012	O
-	O
2013	O
.	O

Sudden	O
and	O
unexpected	O
deaths	B-PROC
have	O
been	O
reported	O
in	O
SPS	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
all	O
described	O
cases	O
have	O
been	O
associated	O
with	O
apnea	B-DISO
.	O

Angiopoietin	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
and	O
IL	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
receptor	I-PRGE
antagonist	B-PROC
concentrations	O
did	O
not	O
differ	O
between	O
groups	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Use	O
of	O
Extracorporeal	O
Membrane	B-COMP
Oxygenation	B-PROC
for	O
the	O
Treatment	O
of	O
Influenza	B-DISO
-	O
Induced	O
Acute	B-DISO
Respiratory	I-DISO
Distress	I-DISO
Syndrome	I-DISO
in	O
Immunocompromised	O
Adults	O
.	O

Cats	B-SPEC
without	O
FIP	B-DISO
were	O
further	O
subdivided	O
into	O
three	O
subgroups	O
:	O
cardiac	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
,	O
neoplasia	B-DISO
and	O
other	O
diseases	O
.	O

This	O
situation	O
led	O
to	O
a	O
nationwide	O
chaos	B-SPEC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Epidemiologic	O
parameters	O
are	O
important	O
in	O
planning	O
infection	O
control	O
policies	O
during	O
the	O
outbreak	O
of	O
emerging	O
infections	B-DISO
.	O

We	O
estimated	O
the	O
incubation	O
periods	B-PROC
of	O
162	O
cases	O
whose	O
sources	O
of	O
exposure	O
were	O
identified	O
and	O
the	O
temporal	O
trend	O
was	O
evaluated	O
.	O

Despite	O
the	O
initial	O
delay	O
,	O
the	O
stringent	O
countermeasures	O
targeted	B-PROC
towards	O
second	O
generation	O
cases	O
appeared	O
to	O
effectively	O
contain	O
the	O
MERS	O
outbreak	O
in	O
Korea	O
as	O
suggested	O
by	O
the	O
decline	O
of	O
R	O
(	O
c	O
)	O
shortly	O
after	O
implementation	O
.	O

Further	O
research	O
should	O
be	O
focused	O
on	O
characterizing	O
superspreaders	O
in	O
comparison	O
to	O
non	O
-	O
transmitting	O
cases	O
with	O
regard	O
to	O
environmental	O
,	O
behavioral	B-PROC
,	O
and	O
virologic	O
and	O
host	B-COMP
genetic	O
factors	O
in	O
order	B-SPEC
to	O
better	O
prepare	O
for	O
future	O
outbreaks	O
of	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
.	O
RESULTS	O
:	O
The	O
estimated	O
median	O
incubation	O
period	O
was	O
7	O
.	O
4	O
days	O
(	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
,	O
6	O
.	O
9	O
-	O
8	O
.	O
0	O
).	O

A	O
total	O
of	O
186	O
patients	O
,	O
including	O
36	O
deaths	B-PROC
,	O
had	O
been	O
diagnosed	O
with	O
MERS	O
-	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
infection	B-DISO
as	O
of	O
September	O
30th	O
,	O
2015	O
.	O

MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
infection	B-DISO
was	O
diagnosed	O
using	O
real	O
-	O
time	O
reverse	O
-	O
transcriptase	B-PROC
polymerase	O
chain	O
reaction	O
assay	O
.	O

In	O
septic	O
patients	O
with	O
ARDS	B-DISO
complement	B-PROC
activation	I-PROC
products	O
were	O
found	O
to	O
be	O
elevated	O
in	O
the	O
plasma	B-ANAT
.	O

In	O
single	O
models	O
like	O
LPS	B-PRGE
or	I-PRGE
trauma	I-PRGE
complement	I-PRGE
has	O
been	O
studied	O
to	O
some	O
degree	O
,	O
however	O
in	O
clinically	O
highly	O
relevant	O
double	O
hit	O
models	O
such	O
as	O
the	O
one	O
used	O
here	O
little	O
data	O
is	O
available	O
.	O

12	O
hrs	B-DISO
after	O
DH	O
in	O
mice	B-SPEC
the	O
local	O
and	O
systemic	O
cytokines	O
and	O
chemokines	O
were	O
quantified	O
by	O
multiplex	O
bead	O
array	O
or	O
ELISA	O
,	O
activated	O
caspase	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
3	I-PRGE
by	O
western	O
blot	O
.	O

In	O
lung	B-ANAT
tissue	I-ANAT
interleukin	B-PRGE
(	O
IL	O
)-	O
6	O
,	O
monocyte	B-PRGE
chemo	I-PRGE
attractant	B-PROC
protein	B-CHED
-	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
(	O
MCP	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
)	O
and	O
granulocyte	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
colony	I-PRGE
stimulating	I-PRGE
factor	I-PRGE
(	O
G	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CSF	I-PRGE
)	O
was	O
elevated	O
in	O
both	O
C5	O
-/-	O
mice	B-SPEC
and	O
wildtype	O
littermates	O
(	O
wt	O
),	O
whereas	O
caspase	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
3	I-PRGE
was	O
reduced	O
in	O
lungs	B-ANAT
after	O
DH	O
in	O
C5	O
-/-	O
mice	B-SPEC
.	O

Dromedary	O
camels	B-SPEC
should	O
be	O
considered	O
for	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
veterinary	O
vaccines	O
.	O

Several	O
vaccine	O
technology	O
platforms	O
targeting	B-PROC
the	O
MERS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
spike	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
were	O
discussed	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Alternative	O
autophagy	B-PROC
,	O
brefeldin	B-CHED
A	I-CHED
and	O
viral	O
trafficking	B-PROC
pathways	B-PROC
.	O

We	O
suggest	O
that	O
noncanonical	O
autophagy	B-PROC
,	O
which	O
is	O
sensitive	O
to	O
treatment	O
with	O
brefeldin	B-CHED
A	I-CHED
,	O
may	O
converge	O
with	O
the	O
infectious	B-DISO
cycles	O
of	O
certain	O
DNA	O
and	O
RNA	O
viruses	B-SPEC
that	O
utilize	O
membrane	B-COMP
from	O
the	O
ER	O
and	O
cis	B-DISO
-	O
Golgi	B-COMP
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
The	O
impact	O
of	O
the	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
on	O
outcome	O
after	O
oesophagectomy	O
.	O

Here	O
,	O
we	O
report	O
that	O
the	O
macro	O
domain	O
from	O
hepatitis	B-SPEC
E	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
HEV	B-SPEC
)	O
serves	O
as	O
an	O
ADP	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
ribose	B-CHED
-	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
hydrolase	I-PRGE
for	O
mono	B-DISO
-	O
ADP	B-CHED
-	O
ribose	B-CHED
(	O
MAR	B-DISO
)	O
and	O
poly	O
(	O
ADP	B-CHED
-	O
ribose	B-CHED
)	O
(	O
PAR	O
)	O
chain	O
removal	O
(	O
de	O
-	O
MARylation	O
and	O
de	O
-	O
PARylation	O
,	O
respectively	O
)	O
from	O
mono	B-DISO
-	O
and	O
poly	O
(	O
ADP	B-CHED
)-	O
ribosylated	O
proteins	B-CHED
,	O
respectively	O
.	O

Although	O
the	O
APACHE	O
II	O
score	O
(	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
01	O
),	O
presence	O
of	O
liver	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
(	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
08	O
),	O
and	O
platelet	B-ANAT
transfusion	O
(	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
0009	O
)	O
were	O
different	O
between	O
the	O
severe	O
T	O
(	O
18	O
/	O
85	O
[	O
21	O
%])	O
and	O
non	O
-	O
severe	O
T	O
groups	O
(	O
67	O
/	O
85	O
[	O
79	O
%]),	O
the	O
incidence	O
of	O
septic	O
shock	O
(	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
64	O
),	O
heparin	B-CHED
infusion	O
use	O
(	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
41	O
),	O
exposure	O
to	O
non	O
-	O
heparin	B-CHED
T	O
-	O
causing	O
medications	O
(	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
77	O
)	O
and	O
ECMO	O
use	O
(	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
5	O
)	O
were	O
not	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Relationship	O
between	O
elevated	O
soluble	O
CD74	B-PRGE
and	O
severity	O
of	O
experimental	O
and	O
clinical	O
ALI	O
/	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
elevated	O
levels	O
of	O
sCD74	O
in	O
BALF	O
positively	O
correlated	O
with	O
lung	B-ANAT
permeability	O
and	O
inflammation	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
aim	O
of	O
the	O
study	O
was	O
to	O
investigate	O
the	O
clinical	O
effects	O
of	O
microinvasive	B-DISO
video	O
-	O
assisted	O
thoracoscopic	O
surgery	O
(	O
VATS	O
)	O
combined	O
with	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
in	O
the	O
treatment	O
of	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
secondary	O
to	O
severe	O
chest	B-ANAT
trauma	O
.	O

We	O
postulated	O
that	O
adjunctive	O
treatment	O
of	O
persistent	O
ARDS	B-DISO
with	O
intravenous	O
dexamethasone	B-CHED
might	O
change	O
the	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
and	O
systemic	O
inflammatory	B-DISO
response	I-DISO
and	O
thereby	O
reduce	O
morbidity	O
,	O
leading	O
to	O
a	O
decrease	O
in	O
duration	O
of	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
and	O
a	O
decrease	O
in	O
mortality	O
.	O

Persistent	O
ARDS	B-DISO
is	O
defined	O
as	O
maintaining	O
a	O
PaO2	O
/	O
FiO2	O
≤	O
200	O
mmHg	O
on	O
PEEP	B-CHED
≥	O
10	O
cmH2O	O
and	O
FiO2	O
≥	O
0	O
.	O
5	O
after	O
24	O
hours	O
of	O
routine	O
intensive	O
care	O
.	O

In	O
the	O
present	O
study	O
,	O
we	O
explored	O
whether	O
pAPN	O
functions	O
as	O
a	O
receptor	O
for	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
.	O

Human	B-SPEC
HeLa	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
expressing	O
pAPN	O
and	O
pAPN	O
-	O
positive	O
porcine	B-PRGE
CPK	I-PRGE
cells	B-COMP
failed	O
to	O
support	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
,	O
but	O
were	O
susceptible	O
to	O
infection	B-DISO
by	O
transmissible	O
gastroenteritis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
),	O
which	O
utilizes	O
pAPN	O
as	O
a	O
functional	O
receptor	O
.	O

Middle	O
East	O
Respiratory	O
Syndrome	B-DISO
Coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
Infection	B-DISO
in	O
the	O
United	O
States	O
,	O
2014	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Applying	O
the	O
same	O
process	O
used	O
to	O
trace	O
and	O
notify	O
travelers	O
during	O
routine	O
investigations	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
those	O
for	O
tuberculosis	B-PATH
or	O
measles	B-PATH
,	O
CDC	O
was	O
able	O
to	O
notify	O
most	O
travelers	O
of	O
their	O
potential	O
exposure	O
to	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
during	O
the	O
first	O
few	O
days	O
of	O
each	O
investigation	O
.	O

We	O
estimate	O
that	O
12	O
%	O
[	O
95	O
%	O
credible	O
interval	O
(	O
CI	O
):	O
9	O
%,	O
15	O
%]	O
of	O
cases	O
were	O
infected	O
from	O
the	O
reservoir	O
,	O
the	O
rest	B-FUNC
via	O
human	B-SPEC
-	O
to	O
-	O
human	B-SPEC
transmission	O
in	O
clusters	B-CHED
(	O
60	O
%;	O
CI	O
:	O
57	O
%,	O
63	O
%),	O
within	O
(	O
23	O
%;	O
CI	O
:	O
20	O
%,	O
27	O
%),	O
or	O
between	O
(	O
5	O
%;	O
CI	O
:	O
2	O
%,	O
8	O
%)	O
regions	O
.	O

The	O
approach	O
we	O
present	O
allows	O
the	O
study	O
of	O
infectious	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
transmission	I-DISO
when	O
data	O
linking	O
cases	O
to	O
each	O
other	O
remain	O
limited	O
and	O
uncertain	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
A	O
Case	O
of	O
Scrub	B-DISO
Typhus	I-DISO
Complicated	O
by	O
Adult	B-DISO
Respiratory	I-DISO
Distress	I-DISO
Syndrome	I-DISO
and	O
Successful	O
Management	O
with	O
Extracorporeal	O
Membrane	O
Oxygenation	B-PROC
.	O

Two	O
factors	O
that	O
affect	O
the	O
difficulty	O
of	O
infectious	B-DISO
clone	O
construction	O
are	O
genome	O
length	O
and	O
genome	O
complexity	O
.	O

The	O
second	O
EIA	B-DISO
uses	O
RSV	B-PRGE
F	I-PRGE
or	O
G	B-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
expressed	I-PRGE
antigen	B-CHED
in	O
HEp	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
cells	B-COMP
.	O

We	O
specifically	O
identified	O
the	O
imatinib	B-CHED
target	O
,	O
Abelson	B-PRGE
tyrosine	B-CHED
-	O
protein	B-ENZY
kinase	I-ENZY
2	O
(	O
Abl2	B-PRGE
),	O
as	O
required	O
for	O
efficient	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
and	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
replication	O
in	O
vitro	O
These	O
data	O
demonstrate	O
that	O
specific	O
approved	O
drugs	O
can	O
be	O
characterized	O
in	O
vitro	O
for	O
their	O
anticoronavirus	O
activity	O
and	O
used	O
to	O
identify	O
host	B-COMP
proteins	B-CHED
required	O
for	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
replication	O
.	O

Treatment	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
and	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
infection	B-DISO
is	O
limited	O
to	O
providing	O
supportive	O
therapy	O
consistent	O
with	O
any	O
serious	O
lung	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
,	O
as	O
no	O
specific	O
drugs	O
have	O
been	O
approved	O
as	O
therapeutics	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
MERS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
spike	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
:	O
Targets	O
for	O
vaccines	O
and	O
therapeutics	O
.	O

The	O
MERS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
spike	I-PRGE
(	I-PRGE
S	I-PRGE
)	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
is	O
an	O
important	O
viral	O
antigen	B-CHED
known	O
to	O
mediate	O
host	B-COMP
-	O
receptor	B-FUNC
binding	I-FUNC
and	O
virus	B-SPEC
entry	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
induce	O
robust	O
humoral	O
and	O
cell	B-COMP
-	O
mediated	O
responses	O
in	O
humans	B-SPEC
during	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

In	O
this	O
review	O
,	O
we	O
highlight	O
the	O
importance	O
of	O
the	O
S	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
in	O
the	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
life	O
cycle	O
,	O
summarize	O
recent	O
advances	O
in	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
vaccines	O
and	O
therapeutics	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
S	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
,	O
and	O
discuss	O
strategies	O
that	O
can	O
be	O
explored	O
to	O
develop	O
new	O
medical	O
countermeasures	O
against	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Short	O
communication	O
:	O
antiviral	B-CHED
activity	O
of	O
porcine	B-PRGE
IFN	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
λ3	I-PRGE
against	O
porcine	B-SPEC
epidemic	B-DISO
diarrhea	I-DISO
virus	I-SPEC
in	O
vitro	O
.	O

The	O
full	O
-	O
length	O
poIFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
λ3	I-PRGE
cDNA	I-PRGE
sequence	I-PRGE
encoded	O
196	O
amino	B-CHED
acids	I-CHED
with	O
a	O
23	O
amino	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
signal	O
peptide	B-CHED
.	O

The	O
highest	O
inhibition	B-PROC
of	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
was	O
observed	O
in	O
Vero	O
E6	O
cell	B-COMP
cultures	O
pretreated	O
with	O
poIFN	O
-	O
λ3	O
(	O
prior	O
to	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Parenchymal	O
lung	B-ANAT
involvement	O
in	O
adult	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
onset	I-DISO
Still	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
:	O
A	O
STROBE	O
-	O
compliant	O
case	O
series	O
and	O
literature	O
review	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Bats	O
are	O
notorious	O
reservoirs	O
of	O
genetically	O
-	O
diverse	O
and	O
high	O
-	O
profile	O
pathogens	O
,	O
and	O
are	O
playing	O
crucial	O
roles	O
in	O
the	O
emergence	O
and	O
re	O
-	O
emergence	O
of	O
viruses	B-SPEC
,	O
both	O
in	O
human	B-SPEC
and	O
in	O
animals	B-SPEC
.	O

These	O
results	O
highlight	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
richness	O
of	O
bats	B-SPEC
and	O
their	O
possible	O
roles	O
in	O
the	O
public	O
health	O
.	O

We	O
performed	O
an	O
enzyme	O
-	O
linked	O
immunosorbent	O
assay	O
(	O
ELISA	O
)	O
to	O
screen	O
for	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
MERS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
IgG	I-PRGE
and	O
an	O
indirect	O
immunofluorescence	O
test	O
(	O
IIFT	O
)	O
to	O
confirm	O
MERS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
IgG	I-PRGE
.	O
We	O
used	O
a	O
questionnaire	O
to	O
collect	O
information	O
regarding	O
the	O
exposure	O
.	O

Health	O
workers	O
collected	O
nose	B-ANAT
and	O
throat	B-ANAT
swabs	O
for	O
virus	B-SPEC
detection	O
by	O
multiplex	O
real	O
-	O
time	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
.	O

271	O
(	O
62	O
.	O
3	O
%)	O
of	O
435	O
nose	B-ANAT
/	O
throat	B-ANAT
swabs	O
were	O
positive	O
for	O
at	O
least	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
15	O
viruses	B-SPEC
tested	O
.	O

There	O
was	O
no	O
clear	O
seasonality	O
,	O
but	O
78	O
%	O
of	O
episodes	O
occurred	O
in	O
Winter	O
/	O
Spring	O
for	O
Influenza	B-DISO
compared	O
to	O
32	O
%	O
for	O
Rhinovirus	B-SPEC
.	O

These	O
data	O
demonstrate	O
that	O
interaction	O
of	O
Alphacoronavirus	O
spike	O
proteins	B-CHED
with	O
tubulin	B-PRGE
supports	I-PRGE
S	I-PRGE
protein	B-PROC
transport	B-PROC
and	O
incorporation	O
into	O
virus	B-COMP
particles	I-COMP
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
We	O
evaluated	O
the	O
diagnostic	O
and	O
clinical	O
usefulness	O
of	O
blood	B-ANAT
specimens	O
to	O
detect	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
in	O
21	O
patients	O
from	O
the	O
2015	O
outbreak	O
in	O
South	O
Korea	O
.	O

Viral	O
RNA	O
was	O
detected	O
in	O
blood	B-ANAT
from	O
33	O
%	O
of	O
patients	O
at	O
initial	O
diagnosis	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
detection	O
preceded	O
a	O
worse	O
clinical	O
course	O
.	O

Patients	O
had	O
history	O
&	O
physical	O
,	O
CRP	B-PRGE
,	O
hemogram	O
and	O
nasopharyngeal	B-ANAT
swabs	O
for	O
rhinovirus	B-SPEC
A	O
/	O
B	O
,	O
influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
/	O
B	O
,	O
adenovirus	B-DISO
A	O
/	O
B	O
/	O
C	O
/	O
D	O
/	O
E	O
,	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
229E	O
/	O
NL63	O
and	O
OC43	O
,	O
parainfluenza	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
1	O
/	O
2	O
/	O
3	O
,	O
respiratory	O
syncytial	O
virusA	O
/	O
B	O
,	O
metapneumovirus	B-SPEC
and	O
Mycoplasma	B-SPEC
pneumoniae	I-SPEC
,	O
Chlamydia	B-SPEC
pneumoniae	I-SPEC
,	O
Legionella	B-SPEC
pneumophila	I-SPEC
and	O
Bordetella	B-SPEC
pertussis	I-SPEC
by	O
PCR	O
and	O
for	O
ABHS	B-DISO
culture	O
.	O

Influenza	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
predominated	O
in	O
January	O
(	O
51	O
%).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Spike	O
gene	B-DISO
deletion	I-DISO
quasispecies	O
in	O
serum	B-COMP
of	O
patient	O
with	O
acute	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

During	O
investigation	O
of	O
a	O
multi	O
-	O
facility	O
outbreak	O
of	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
in	O
Taif	O
,	O
Saudi	O
Arabia	O
,	O
we	O
identified	O
a	O
mixed	O
population	O
of	O
wild	O
-	O
type	O
and	O
variant	O
sequences	O
with	O
a	O
large	O
530	O
nucleotide	B-CHED
deletion	O
in	O
the	O
spike	O
gene	O
from	O
the	O
serum	B-COMP
of	O
one	O
patient	O
.	O

The	O
out	B-PROC
of	I-PROC
frame	I-PROC
deletion	I-PROC
predicted	O
loss	O
of	O
most	O
of	O
the	O
S2	O
subunit	O
of	O
the	O
spike	O
protein	B-CHED
leaving	O
the	O
S1	B-PRGE
subunit	I-PRGE
with	O
an	O
intact	O
receptor	B-FUNC
binding	I-FUNC
domain	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Human	B-SPEC
rhinovirus	I-SPEC
(	O
HRV	O
)	O
and	O
coronavirus	O
(	O
HCoV	O
)	O
infections	B-DISO
are	O
associated	O
with	O
both	O
upper	B-ANAT
respiratory	I-ANAT
tract	I-ANAT
illness	O
"("""	O
the	O
common	B-DISO
cold	I-DISO
""")"	O
and	O
lower	B-ANAT
respiratory	I-ANAT
tract	I-ANAT
illness	O
(	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
).	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Coronaviruses	O
(	O
CoVs	O
)	O
are	O
enveloped	O
RNA	O
viruses	O
that	O
infect	O
birds	B-SPEC
,	O
mammals	B-SPEC
,	O
and	O
humans	B-SPEC
.	O

Although	O
bats	B-SPEC
might	O
serve	O
as	O
a	O
reservoir	O
of	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
unlikely	O
that	O
they	O
are	O
the	O
direct	O
source	O
for	O
most	O
human	B-SPEC
cases	O
.	O

The	O
combination	O
regimen	O
of	O
type	O
1	O
interferon	O
+	O
lopinavir	O
/	O
ritonavir	B-CHED
is	O
considered	O
as	O
the	O
first	O
-	O
line	O
therapy	O
for	O
MERS	O
.	O

Thereafter	O
,	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
cost	O
-	O
effective	O
,	O
broad	O
-	O
spectrum	O
antiviral	B-CHED
agents	I-CHED
is	O
the	O
urgent	O
mission	O
of	O
both	O
virologists	O
and	O
pharmacologists	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
post	O
-	O
admission	O
decreases	O
in	O
the	O
serum	B-COMP
levels	O
of	O
interleukin	B-PRGE
(	O
IL	O
)-	O
17	O
,	O
IL	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
7	I-PRGE
,	I-PRGE
and	I-PRGE
monocyte	B-ANAT
chemoattractant	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
-	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
were	O
significantly	O
greater	O
in	O
the	O
SLEDf	O
group	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
upon	O
viral	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
or	O
Toll	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
like	I-PRGE
receptor	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
(	O
TLR2	B-PRGE
)	O
activation	O
,	O
LSECs	O
can	O
achieve	O
proinflammatory	O
functions	O
,	O
but	O
their	O
role	O
in	O
hepatic	B-ANAT
inflammation	B-DISO
during	O
acute	B-DISO
viral	I-DISO
hepatitis	I-DISO
is	O
unknown	O
.	O

Viral	B-DISO
hepatitis	I-DISO
B	I-DISO
and	O
C	O
infections	B-DISO
are	O
serious	O
health	O
problems	O
affecting	O
over	O
350	O
million	O
and	O
170	O
million	O
people	O
worldwide	O
,	O
respectively	O
.	O

More	O
importantly	O
,	O
the	O
entry	O
of	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
was	O
increased	O
when	O
CEACAM5	O
was	O
overexpressed	O
in	O
permissive	O
cells	B-COMP
,	O
which	O
suggested	O
that	O
CEACAM5	B-PRGE
could	O
facilitate	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
entry	O
in	O
conjunction	O
with	O
DPP4	B-PRGE
despite	O
not	O
being	O
able	O
to	O
support	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
entry	O
independently	O
.	O

Taken	O
together	O
,	O
the	O
results	O
of	O
our	O
study	O
identified	O
CEACAM5	O
as	O
a	O
novel	O
cell	B-FUNC
surface	I-FUNC
binding	I-FUNC
target	O
of	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
that	O
facilitates	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
infection	B-DISO
by	O
augmenting	O
the	O
attachment	O
of	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
to	O
the	O
host	B-COMP
cell	I-COMP
surface	I-COMP
.	O

Infection	B-DISO
with	O
the	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
is	O
associated	O
with	O
the	O
highest	O
mortality	O
rate	O
among	O
all	O
known	O
human	B-SPEC
-	O
pathogenic	O
coronaviruses	O
.	O

Currently	O
,	O
there	O
are	O
no	O
approved	O
vaccines	O
or	O
therapeutics	O
against	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

Real	O
-	O
time	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
was	O
used	O
to	O
detect	O
H5N6	B-PRGE
virus	I-PRGE
RNA	I-PRGE
in	O
clinical	O
and	O
environment	O
samples	O
.	O

The	O
patient	O
initially	O
developed	O
sore	B-DISO
throat	I-DISO
and	O
coughs	B-DISO
on	O
27	O
January	O
2015	O
.	O

A	O
total	O
of	O
1408	O
patients	O
were	O
included	O
;	O
69	O
.	O
5	O
%	O
were	O
male	O
,	O
78	O
%	O
had	O
acute	B-DISO
coronary	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
,	O
and	O
22	O
%	O
had	O
stable	O
CAD	B-DISO
.	O

69	O
.	O
5	O
%	O
were	O
male	O
,	O
78	O
%	O
had	O
acute	B-DISO
coronary	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
,	O
and	O
22	O
%	O
had	O
stable	O
CAD	B-DISO
.	O

Multivariate	O
logistic	O
regression	O
identified	O
age	O
,	O
sex	O
,	O
body	B-ANAT
mass	O
index	O
,	O
and	O
CABG	O
as	O
independent	O
risk	O
factors	O
for	O
severe	O
SDB	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Molecular	O
Characterization	O
of	O
the	O
ORF3	O
and	O
S1	O
Genes	O
of	O
Porcine	B-SPEC
Epidemic	I-SPEC
Diarrhea	I-SPEC
Virus	I-SPEC
Non	O
S	O
-	O
INDEL	O
Strains	O
in	O
Seven	O
Regions	O
of	O
China	O
,	O
2015	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
In	O
an	O
effort	B-PROC
to	O
trace	O
the	O
evolution	B-PROC
of	O
porcine	B-SPEC
epidemic	I-SPEC
diarrhea	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
),	O
S1	B-PRGE
and	I-PRGE
ORF3	I-PRGE
genes	I-PRGE
of	O
viruses	B-SPEC
identified	O
in	O
41	O
pig	B-SPEC
farms	O
from	O
seven	O
regions	O
(	O
North	O
,	O
Northeast	O
,	O
Northwest	O
,	O
Central	O
,	O
East	O
,	O
South	O
West	O
,	O
and	O
South	O
,	O
respectively	O
)	O
of	O
China	O
in	O
2015	O
were	O
sequenced	O
and	O
analyzed	O
.	O

Neutrophil	B-PROC
chemotaxis	I-PROC
to	O
ARDS	B-DISO
BAL	B-ENZY
fluid	O
was	O
evaluated	O
and	O
the	O
contribution	O
of	O
each	O
was	O
assessed	O
and	O
compared	O
with	O
chemokine	O
(	O
C	O
-	O
X	O
-	O
C	O
motif	O
)	O
ligand	B-PROC
8	O
(	O
CXCL8	O
).	O

Furthermore	O
,	O
neutrophils	B-ANAT
isolated	O
from	O
the	O
blood	B-ANAT
or	O
BAL	B-ENZY
fluid	O
differentially	O
regulated	O
the	O
cell	B-COMP
surface	I-COMP
expression	B-PROC
of	O
chemokine	B-PRGE
(	I-PRGE
C	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
X	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
C	I-PRGE
motif	I-PRGE
)	I-PRGE
receptor	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
and	O
C	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
C	I-PRGE
chemokine	I-PRGE
receptor	I-PRGE
type	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
during	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

Furthermore	O
,	O
neutrophils	B-ANAT
isolated	O
from	O
the	O
blood	B-ANAT
or	O
BAL	B-ENZY
fluid	O
differentially	O
regulated	O
the	O
cell	B-COMP
surface	I-COMP
expression	B-PROC
of	O
chemokine	B-PRGE
(	I-PRGE
C	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
X	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
C	I-PRGE
motif	I-PRGE
)	I-PRGE
receptor	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
and	O
C	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
C	I-PRGE
chemokine	I-PRGE
receptor	I-PRGE
type	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
during	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

Here	O
,	O
we	O
generated	O
fused	O
S1	O
proteins	B-CHED
with	O
HA2	B-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
(	O
rS1	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
HA2	I-PRGE
)	O
or	O
transmembrane	B-COMP
domain	O
and	O
cytoplasmic	B-ANAT
tail	I-ANAT
(	O
rS1	O
-	O
H3	O
(	O
TM	O
))	O
from	O
hemagglutinin	O
of	O
H3N2	B-CHED
influenza	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
.	O

The	O
protection	O
rates	O
of	O
groups	O
immunized	O
with	O
rS1	O
-	O
HA2	O
(	O
87	O
%)	O
were	O
significantly	O
higher	O
than	O
the	O
groups	O
inoculated	O
with	O
rS1	B-PRGE
(	O
47	O
%)	O
and	O
inactivated	O
M41	O
vaccine	O
(	O
53	O
%).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Thin	O
-	O
Section	O
Computed	O
Tomography	O
Manifestations	O
During	O
Convalescence	O
and	O
Long	O
-	O
Term	O
Follow	O
-	O
Up	O
of	O
Patients	O
with	O
Severe	B-DISO
Acute	I-DISO
Respiratory	I-DISO
Syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Therapeutic	O
potential	O
of	O
recombinant	O
thrombomodulin	B-PRGE
for	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
after	O
pneumonectomy	O
via	O
inhibition	B-PROC
of	O
high	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
mobility	I-PRGE
group	I-PRGE
box	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
in	O
mice	B-SPEC
.	O

On	O
histologic	O
analysis	O
,	O
left	O
pneumonectomy	O
followed	O
by	O
LPS	O
administration	O
induced	O
both	O
severe	O
inflammatory	O
cellular	B-PROC
infiltration	B-DISO
and	O
alveolar	B-ANAT
wall	I-ANAT
congestion	B-DISO
with	O
hemorrhage	B-DISO
.	O

Also	O
,	O
LPS	B-DISO
alone	O
showed	O
no	O
statistical	O
differences	O
in	O
HMGB1	B-PRGE
or	O
proinflammatory	O
cytokine	O
level	O
compared	O
with	O
pneumonectomy	O
(	O
PNX	O
)	O
group	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
On	O
histologic	O
analysis	O
,	O
left	O
pneumonectomy	O
followed	O
by	O
LPS	B-DISO
administration	O
induced	O
both	O
severe	O
inflammatory	O
cellular	B-PROC
infiltration	B-DISO
and	O
alveolar	B-ANAT
wall	I-ANAT
congestion	B-DISO
with	O
hemorrhage	B-DISO
.	O

Broad	O
-	O
spectrum	O
antibiotics	B-CHED
were	O
administered	O
,	O
including	O
doxycycline	B-CHED
,	O
due	O
to	O
a	O
high	O
suspicion	O
of	O
leptospirosis	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Assessment	O
of	O
the	O
risk	O
posed	O
to	O
Singapore	O
by	O
the	O
2015	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
outbreak	O
in	O
the	O
Republic	O
of	O
Korea	O
.	O

Nonetheless	O
,	O
the	O
risk	O
of	O
a	O
serious	O
public	O
health	O
impact	O
to	O
Singapore	O
in	O
the	O
event	O
of	O
an	O
imported	O
case	O
of	O
MERS	O
would	O
be	O
mitigated	O
by	O
its	O
strong	O
health	O
-	O
care	O
system	O
and	O
established	O
infection	B-DISO
control	O
practices	O
.	O

The	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
(	O
ALI	O
)	O
induced	O
by	O
LPS	B-DISO
can	O
cause	O
extensive	O
damage	O
to	O
the	O
lung	B-ANAT
tissue	I-ANAT
,	O
the	O
severe	O
stage	O
of	O
which	O
is	O
termed	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
,	O
when	O
multiple	B-DISO
organ	I-DISO
dysfunction	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
may	O
appear	O
.	O

This	O
evaluation	O
demonstrates	O
that	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
TOF	O
monitoring	O
for	O
neuromuscular	B-DISO
blockade	I-DISO
does	O
not	O
correlate	O
with	O
gas	B-ENZY
exchange	O
markers	O
in	O
moderate	O
to	O
severe	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
A	O
total	O
of	O
378	O
patients	O
were	O
screened	O
for	O
inclusion	O
,	O
with	O
107	O
evaluable	B-DISO
patients	O
meeting	O
criteria	O
at	O
baseline	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Inferior	B-ANAT
vena	I-ANAT
cava	I-ANAT
thrombosis	I-DISO
as	O
a	O
cause	O
of	O
haemolysis	B-DISO
in	O
a	O
patient	O
on	O
ECMO	O
.	O

This	O
case	O
report	O
outlines	O
an	O
unusual	O
case	O
of	O
haemolysis	B-DISO
,	O
thought	O
secondary	O
to	O
a	O
large	O
mobile	O
thrombus	B-DISO
in	O
the	O
inferior	B-ANAT
vena	I-ANAT
cava	I-ANAT
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Middle	O
East	O
Respiratory	O
Syndrome	B-DISO
(	O
MERS	O
)	O
is	O
a	O
disease	O
of	O
the	O
lower	B-ANAT
respiratory	I-ANAT
tract	I-ANAT
and	O
is	O
characterized	O
by	O
high	O
mortality	O
.	O

It	O
is	O
caused	O
by	O
a	O
beta	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
CoV	B-SPEC
)	O
referred	O
to	O
as	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	B-SPEC
.	O
Majority	O
of	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
cases	O
have	O
been	O
reported	O
from	O
Saudi	O
Arabia	O
.	O

A	O
total	O
of	O
23	O
Saudi	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
infection	B-DISO
were	O
typed	O
for	O
HLA	B-PRGE
class	B-SPEC
II	O
,	O
results	O
were	O
compared	O
with	O
those	O
of	O
161	O
healthy	O
controls	O
.	O

Peripheral	B-ANAT
blood	I-ANAT
eosinophilia	B-DISO
is	O
common	O
but	O
may	O
be	O
absent	O
at	O
presentation	O
in	O
idiopathic	O
acute	B-DISO
eosinophilic	I-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
,	O
which	O
may	O
be	O
misdiagnosed	O
as	O
severe	O
infectious	B-DISO
pneumonia	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Inhibition	B-PROC
of	O
RNA	O
Helicases	O
of	O
ssRNA	O
(+)	O
Virus	B-SPEC
Belonging	O
to	O
Flaviviridae	B-SPEC
,	O
Coronaviridae	B-SPEC
and	O
Picornaviridae	B-SPEC
Families	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Based	O
on	O
our	O
results	O
,	O
in	O
the	O
second	O
group	O
,	O
IBV	B-SPEC
vaccine	O
strain	O
(	O
4	O
/	O
91	O
)	O
at	O
all	O
titration	O
and	O
M41	O
in	O
10	O
(-	O
2	O
)	O
and	O
10	O
(-	O
3	O
)	O
titration	O
and	O
in	O
the	O
third	O
group	O
both	O
variants	O
of	O
virus	B-SPEC
the	O
embryonic	B-ANAT
Index	O
(	O
EI	O
)	O
was	O
significantly	O
increased	O
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
The	O
garlic	B-SPEC
extract	O
had	O
inhibitory	O
effects	O
on	O
IBV	B-SPEC
in	O
the	O
chickens	B-SPEC
embryo	B-ANAT
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Impact	O
of	O
the	O
biased	O
nucleotide	B-CHED
composition	O
of	O
viral	O
RNA	O
genomes	O
on	O
RNA	O
structure	O
and	O
codon	O
usage	O
.	O

Without	O
exception	O
,	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
-	O
specific	O
nucleotide	B-CHED
bias	B-SPEC
was	O
enriched	O
in	O
the	O
unpaired	O
,	O
single	O
-	O
stranded	O
regions	O
of	O
the	O
RNA	O
genome	O
,	O
thus	O
creating	O
an	O
even	O
more	O
striking	O
virus	B-SPEC
-	O
specific	O
signature	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Predictive	O
factors	O
for	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
development	B-PROC
and	O
progression	O
to	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
in	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
infected	O
patients	O
.	O

For	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
,	O
the	O
indicators	O
included	O
male	O
,	O
hypertension	B-DISO
,	O
low	O
albumin	B-PRGE
concentration	O
,	O
thrombocytopenia	O
,	O
lymphopenia	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
CRP	B-PRGE
≥	O
4	O
mg	O
/	O
dL	O
(	O
all	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
).	O

With	O
≥	O
two	O
predictive	O
factors	O
for	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
development	B-PROC
,	O
100	O
%	O
of	O
patients	O
developed	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
.	O

Patients	O
with	O
ARDS	B-DISO
had	O
larger	O
%	O
TBSA	O
burns	O
[	O
30	O
.	O
5	O
(	O
23	O
.	O
1	O
-	O
47	O
.	O
0	O
)	O
vs	O
.	O
24	O
.	O
8	O
(	O
17	O
.	O
1	O
-	O
35	O
),	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
007	O
],	O
larger	O
FT	O
burns	O
[	O
20	O
.	O
5	O
(	O
5	O
.	O
4	O
-	O
35	O
.	O
5	O
)	O
vs	O
.	O
7	O
(	O
0	O
-	O
22	O
.	O
1	O
),	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
001	O
],	O
but	O
had	O
no	O
significant	O
difference	O
in	O
the	O
incidence	O
of	O
inhalation	B-PROC
injury	O
(	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
216	O
),	O
compared	O
to	O
those	O
without	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

ARDS	B-DISO
is	O
common	O
among	O
mechanically	O
ventilated	O
civilian	O
burn	O
patients	O
,	O
and	O
develops	O
early	O
after	O
burn	O
.	O

We	O
addressed	O
this	O
problem	O
by	O
using	O
the	O
-	O
1	O
PRF	O
stimulation	O
pseudoknot	O
of	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
(	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
PK	I-PRGE
)	O
to	O
build	O
a	O
ligand	B-PROC
-	O
dependent	O
-	O
1	O
PRF	O
stimulator	O
.	O

Conformational	O
and	O
functional	O
analyses	O
indicate	O
that	O
the	O
engineered	O
theophylline	B-CHED
-	O
responsive	O
RNA	O
functions	O
as	O
a	O
mammalian	B-SPEC
riboswitch	O
with	O
robust	O
theophylline	B-CHED
-	O
dependent	O
-	O
1	O
PRF	O
stimulation	O
activity	O
in	O
a	O
stable	O
human	B-SPEC
293T	O
cell	B-COMP
-	O
line	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Critical	O
care	O
ultrasonography	O
in	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
.	O

A	O
pragmatic	O
strategy	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
serial	O
use	O
of	O
CCUS	O
for	O
the	O
management	O
of	O
patients	O
presenting	O
with	O
ARF	B-DISO
of	O
various	O
origins	O
is	O
detailed	O
in	O
the	O
present	O
manuscript	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Molecular	O
surveillance	O
of	O
traditional	O
and	O
emerging	O
pathogens	O
associated	O
with	O
canine	O
infectious	B-DISO
respiratory	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
.	O

The	O
results	O
showed	O
that	O
canine	B-SPEC
parainfluenza	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
CPIV	O
)	O
was	O
the	O
most	O
commonly	O
detected	O
CIRD	O
pathogen	O
,	O
followed	O
by	O
canine	O
respiratory	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
CRCoV	O
),	O
Bordetella	B-SPEC
bronchiseptica	I-SPEC
,	O
Mycoplasma	B-SPEC
cynos	I-SPEC
,	O
Mycoplasma	B-SPEC
canis	I-SPEC
and	O
canine	O
pneumovirus	B-SPEC
(	O
CnPnV	O
).	O

Our	O
results	O
indicated	O
that	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
is	O
circulating	O
in	O
the	O
wild	B-SPEC
boar	I-SPEC
and	O
provided	O
a	O
novel	O
knowledge	O
into	O
epidemiology	O
of	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
aim	O
of	O
this	O
study	O
was	O
to	O
decipher	O
the	O
molecular	O
epidemiological	O
and	O
antigenic	O
characteristics	O
of	O
infectious	O
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
strains	O
(	O
IBVs	O
)	O
isolated	O
in	O
recent	O
years	O
in	O
southwestern	O
China	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Prolonged	O
Glucocorticoid	B-CHED
Treatment	O
in	O
ARDS	B-DISO
:	O

In	O
addition	O
,	O
NF	O
-	O
κB	O
-	O
mediated	O
signaling	B-PROC
plays	O
a	O
significant	O
role	O
in	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
-	O
induced	O
diaphragmatic	B-ANAT
atrophy	B-DISO
and	O
contractile	B-PROC
dysfunction	O
.	O

Extrapolating	O
data	O
from	O
the	O
adult	O
population	O
to	O
the	O
pediatric	O
population	O
is	O
complicated	O
as	O
we	O
know	O
that	O
physiology	O
and	O
the	O
body	B-ANAT
'	O
s	O
response	O
to	O
disease	O
can	O
be	O
different	O
between	O
adult	O
and	O
pediatric	O
patients	O
.	O

There	O
are	O
physiologic	O
studies	O
that	O
suggest	O
alternative	O
mechanisms	O
for	O
explaining	O
the	O
positive	O
effects	O
of	O
iNO	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
platelet	B-PROC
aggregation	I-PROC
inhibition	B-PROC
and	O
reduction	O
in	O
systemic	O
inflammation	B-DISO
.	O

Undertaking	O
clinical	O
trials	O
of	O
convalescent	O
plasma	B-ANAT
for	O
passive	O
immunotherapy	O
of	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
infection	B-DISO
may	O
be	O
feasible	O
,	O
but	O
such	O
trials	O
would	O
be	O
challenging	O
because	O
of	O
the	O
small	O
pool	O
of	O
potential	O
donors	O
with	O
sufficiently	O
high	O
antibody	B-COMP
titers	O
.	O

Alternative	O
strategies	O
to	O
identify	O
convalescent	O
plasma	O
donors	O
with	O
adequate	O
antibody	B-COMP
titers	O
should	O
be	O
explored	O
,	O
including	O
the	O
sampling	O
of	O
serum	B-COMP
from	O
patients	O
with	O
more	O
severe	O
disease	O
and	O
sampling	O
at	O
earlier	O
points	O
during	O
illness	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Middle	O
East	O
Respiratory	O
Syndrome	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
has	O
repeatedly	O
caused	O
outbreaks	O
in	O
the	O
Arabian	O
Peninsula	O
.	O

Therefore	O
,	O
the	O
present	O
work	O
focused	O
on	O
the	O
expression	B-PROC
of	O
the	O
EC	O
adhesion	B-DISO
molecules	O
and	O
possible	O
triggers	O
of	O
EC	O
activation	O
during	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
FIP	B-DISO
.	O

A	O
multiple	O
logistic	O
regression	O
model	O
identified	O
9	O
independent	O
parameters	O
that	O
were	O
used	O
to	O
construct	O
the	O
MSTFI	O
:	O
anemia	B-DISO
,	O
chronic	B-DISO
lung	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
,	O
coagulopathy	B-DISO
,	O
electrolyte	O
abnormalities	O
,	O
pulmonary	B-PROC
circulation	B-PROC
disorders	O
,	O
renal	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
,	O
malnutrition	B-DISO
,	O
emergent	O
/	O
urgent	O
admission	O
,	O
and	O
anterior	O
/	O
combined	O
surgical	O
approach	O
.	O

In	O
surgically	O
treated	O
patients	O
with	O
spinal	O
metastasis	B-DISO
,	O
certain	O
perioperative	O
parameters	O
may	O
significantly	O
predict	O
the	O
risk	O
of	O
major	O
in	O
-	O
hospital	O
complications	O
and	O
mortality	O
.	O

This	O
manuscript	O
reviews	O
the	O
status	O
of	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
vaccines	O
available	O
in	O
the	O
United	O
States	O
and	O
Canada	O
,	O
and	O
describes	O
an	O
experiment	O
evaluating	O
the	O
potential	O
use	O
of	O
young	O
pigs	O
as	O
a	O
surrogate	O
model	O
to	O
evaluate	O
potential	O
sow	O
vaccines	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Syndecan	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
was	O
measured	O
in	O
175	O
patients	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Identification	O
of	O
Nafamostat	O
as	O
a	O
Potent	O
Inhibitor	B-CHED
of	O
Middle	O
East	O
Respiratory	O
Syndrome	B-DISO
Coronavirus	B-SPEC
S	O
Protein	B-CHED
-	O
Mediated	O
Membrane	B-PROC
Fusion	I-PROC
Using	O
the	O
Split	O
-	O
Protein	B-CHED
-	O
Based	O
Cell	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
Cell	B-COMP
Fusion	I-PROC
Assay	O
.	O

Here	O
,	O
we	O
developed	O
a	O
cell	B-COMP
-	O
based	O
fusion	O
assay	O
for	O
S	O
in	O
a	O
TMPRSS2	O
-	O
dependent	O
manner	O
using	O
cell	O
lines	O
expressing	O
Renilla	B-SPEC
luciferase	B-ENZY
(	O
RL	O
)-	O
based	O
split	O
reporter	O
proteins	B-CHED
.	O

Nafamostat	O
also	O
blocked	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
infection	B-DISO
in	O
vitro	O
Our	O
assay	O
has	O
the	O
potential	O
to	O
facilitate	O
the	O
discovery	O
of	O
new	O
inhibitors	B-CHED
of	O
membrane	B-PROC
fusion	I-PROC
of	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
other	O
viruses	B-SPEC
that	O
rely	O
on	O
the	O
activity	O
of	O
TMPRSS2	O
.	O

Transmissible	O
gastroenteritis	B-DISO
is	O
an	O
acute	O
enteric	O
disease	O
of	O
swine	B-SPEC
that	O
is	O
caused	O
by	O
transmissible	O
gastroenteritis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
The	O
establishment	O
and	O
characteristics	O
of	O
cell	B-COMP
-	O
adapted	O
IBV	B-SPEC
strain	O
H120	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Avian	B-SPEC
infectious	I-DISO
bronchitis	I-DISO
virus	O
is	O
an	O
important	O
pathogen	O
in	O
poultry	O
worldwide	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Antagonism	O
of	O
RNase	B-PRGE
L	I-PRGE
Is	O
Required	O
for	O
Murine	B-SPEC
Coronavirus	I-SPEC
Replication	O
in	O
Kupffer	B-ANAT
Cells	I-ANAT
and	O
Liver	B-ANAT
Sinusoidal	O
Endothelial	B-ANAT
Cells	I-ANAT
but	O
Not	O
in	O
Hepatocytes	B-ANAT
.	O

Three	O
intramuscular	O
(	O
IM	O
)	O
immunizations	O
with	O
the	O
recombinant	O
ORFV	O
-	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
-	O
S	O
in	O
3	O
-	O
week	O
-	O
old	O
pigs	B-SPEC
elicited	O
robust	O
serum	B-COMP
IgG	B-PRGE
,	O
IgA	B-PRGE
and	O
neutralizing	O
antibody	B-PROC
responses	I-PROC
against	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
.	O

Inhibiting	O
GSK	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
3α	I-PRGE
/	I-PRGE
β	I-PRGE
,	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
downstream	O
effectors	O
of	O
PI3K	B-FUNC
/	O
Akt	B-PRGE
pathway	B-PROC
and	O
regulated	O
by	O
Akt	B-PRGE
during	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
infected	O
Vero	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
,	O
also	O
enhanced	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
replication	O
.	O

Not	O
all	O
suspicious	O
cases	O
of	O
influenza	B-DISO
are	O
confirmed	O
;	O
however	O
,	O
all	O
patients	O
need	O
treatment	O
and	O
generate	O
additional	O
costs	O
to	O
the	O
institutions	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
continuing	O
circulation	B-PROC
of	O
MERS	O
in	O
the	O
Middle	O
East	O
makes	O
the	O
international	O
dissemination	O
of	O
the	O
disease	O
a	O
permanent	O
threat	O
.	O

We	O
modelled	O
importations	O
in	O
time	O
based	O
on	O
air	B-CHED
travel	O
combined	O
with	O
incidence	O
in	O
Middle	O
East	O
.	O

Countries	O
at	O
risk	O
of	O
importation	O
should	O
focus	O
their	O
resources	O
on	O
strict	O
infection	B-DISO
control	O
measures	O
for	O
the	O
management	O
of	O
potential	O
cases	O
in	O
healthcare	O
settings	O
and	O
on	O
prompt	O
MERS	O
cases	O
identification	O
.	O

From	O
September	O
to	O
December	O
2014	O
,	O
NHs	B-DISO
in	O
Corsica	O
were	O
invited	O
to	O
participate	O
in	O
an	O
ongoing	O
daily	O
epidemiological	O
and	O
microbiological	O
surveillance	O
for	O
influenza	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
like	I-DISO
illness	I-DISO
(	O
ILI	O
)	O
among	O
residents	O
and	O
health	O
care	O
workers	O
(	O
HCWs	O
).	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
The	O
study	O
involved	O
12	O
NHs	B-DISO
.	O

Although	O
antivirals	B-CHED
were	O
available	O
,	O
prophylaxis	O
was	O
not	O
used	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Trend	O
and	O
manifestations	O
of	O
falciparum	B-DISO
malaria	I-DISO
in	O
a	O
tertiary	O
care	O
hospital	O
of	O
India	O
.	O

The	O
data	O
were	O
collected	O
on	O
demographic	O
and	O
time	O
characteristics	O
,	O
clinical	O
and	O
laboratory	O
findings	O
,	O
the	O
outcome	O
of	O
disease	O
and	O
expressed	B-PROC
in	O
proportion	O
or	O
percentages	O
.	O

Manifestations	O
of	O
severe	O
falciparum	B-DISO
malaria	I-DISO
included	O
hepatopathy	B-DISO
(	O
38	O
%),	O
renal	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
(	O
28	O
%),	O
shock	O
(	O
9	O
%),	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
7	O
%),	O
hypoglycemia	B-DISO
(	O
3	O
%),	O
and	O
severe	B-DISO
anemia	I-DISO
(	O
1	O
%).	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
is	O
associated	O
with	O
high	O
mortality	O
and	O
morbidity	O
.	O

Here	O
,	O
we	O
employed	O
isobaric	O
tags	O
for	O
relative	O
and	O
absolute	O
quantitation	O
(	O
iTRAQ	O
)	O
technology	O
to	O
identify	O
potential	O
biomarkers	O
for	O
early	O
ARDS	B-DISO
diagnosis	O
and	O
predict	O
the	O
risk	O
for	O
increased	O
disease	O
severity	O
induced	O
by	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
.	O

Our	O
results	O
indicate	O
that	O
DMBT1	B-PRGE
can	O
potentially	O
serve	O
as	O
a	O
biomarker	B-CHED
for	O
early	O
ARDS	B-DISO
diagnosis	O
and	O
disease	O
severity	O
assessment	O
.	O

It	O
indicated	O
that	O
the	O
CK	O
/	O
CH	O
/	O
XDC	O
-	O
2	O
/	O
2013	O
isolate	O
has	O
robust	O
kidney	B-ANAT
tissue	B-PROC
tropism	B-PROC
,	O
and	O
new	O
nephropathogenic	O
IBV	B-SPEC
strains	O
are	O
continuously	O
evolving	O
in	O
China	O
.	O

To	O
successfully	O
decrease	O
mortality	O
for	O
severe	O
CAP	B-DISO
,	O
early	O
and	O
close	O
collaboration	O
between	O
emergency	B-DISO
medicine	B-CHED
and	O
respiratory	O
and	O
critical	O
care	O
medicine	B-CHED
teams	O
is	O
required	O
.	O

MERS	O
is	O
often	O
complicated	O
by	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
and	O
multi	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
organ	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
(	O
1	O
,	O
2	O
).	O

The	O
high	O
incidence	O
of	O
renal	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
in	O
MERS	O
is	O
a	O
unique	O
clinical	O
feature	O
not	O
often	O
found	O
in	O
other	O
human	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
infections	O
(	O
3	O
,	O
4	O
).	O

Here	O
,	O
we	O
demonstrated	O
renal	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
and	O
apoptotic	O
induction	O
by	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
in	O
human	B-SPEC
ex	O
vivo	O
organ	B-ANAT
culture	O
and	O
a	O
nonhuman	O
primate	B-SPEC
model	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Ten	O
patients	O
with	O
moderate	O
-	O
to	O
-	O
severe	O
ARDS	B-DISO
were	O
included	O
.	O

The	O
transition	B-DISO
from	O
prefusion	O
to	O
postfusion	O
conformation	O
of	O
the	O
spike	O
protein	B-CHED
must	O
be	O
triggered	O
,	O
leading	O
to	O
membrane	B-PROC
fusion	I-PROC
.	O

Mild	O
to	O
severe	O
atrophic	B-DISO
enteritis	B-DISO
with	O
PDCoV	B-PRGE
antigen	I-PRGE
staining	O
was	O
observed	O
in	O
the	O
small	B-ANAT
intestine	I-ANAT
of	O
affected	O
piglets	O
from	O
2	O
to	O
8	O
dpi	O
.	O

There	O
was	O
a	O
difference	O
in	O
the	O
worry	O
and	O
fear	O
scale	O
of	O
contracting	O
the	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
infection	B-DISO
between	O
participants	O
who	O
worked	O
in	O
areas	O
likely	O
to	O
admit	O
and	O
have	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
suspected	O
or	O
positive	O
cases	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
they	O
soon	O
relapsed	O
,	O
which	O
eventually	O
led	O
to	O
complete	O
tetraplegia	B-DISO
and	O
the	O
need	O
for	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
.	O

She	O
frequently	O
developed	O
sepsis	B-DISO
;	O
therefore	O
,	O
we	O
could	O
no	O
longer	O
continue	O
any	O
immunosupressive	O
therapies	O
,	O
but	O
monthly	O
IVIg	O
administrations	O
were	O
given	O
.	O

Eighteen	O
months	O
after	O
admission	O
,	O
her	O
muscle	B-PROC
strength	I-PROC
corresponded	O
to	O
2	O
on	O
manual	O
muscle	B-ANAT
testing	O
,	O
and	O
wheelchair	O
transfer	O
became	O
possible	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Synbiotics	O
suppress	O
the	O
release	B-PATH
of	O
lactate	B-PRGE
dehydrogenase	I-PRGE
,	O
promote	O
non	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
specific	I-PROC
immunity	I-PROC
and	O
integrity	O
of	O
jejunum	O
mucosa	O
in	O
piglets	O
.	O

The	O
impact	O
of	O
such	O
additives	O
on	O
the	O
release	B-PATH
of	O
lactate	B-PRGE
dehydrogenase	I-PRGE
(	O
LDH	B-PRGE
;	O
spectroscopic	O
and	O
electrophoretic	O
assay	O
),	O
alteration	O
of	O
immunity	B-PROC
(	O
index	O
of	O
metabolic	B-PROC
activity	O
),	O
jejunum	B-ANAT
histology	O
(	O
light	O
microscopy	O
),	O
and	O
health	O
of	O
conventional	O
piglets	O
from	O
a	O
problematic	O
breed	O
(	O
monitoring	O
of	O
hematology	O
,	O
consistency	O
and	O
moisture	O
of	O
feces	B-ANAT
and	O
body	B-ANAT
temperature	O
)	O
were	O
examined	O
.	O

We	O
found	O
significant	O
decrease	O
in	O
LDH	B-PRGE
leakage	B-DISO
in	O
the	O
blood	B-COMP
serum	I-COMP
and	O
tissue	B-ANAT
extracts	O
,	O
indicating	O
better	O
cell	B-COMP
membrane	I-COMP
integrity	O
in	O
the	O
individual	O
organs	B-ANAT
of	O
animals	B-SPEC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
A	O
review	O
of	O
treatment	O
modalities	O
for	O
Middle	O
East	O
Respiratory	O
Syndrome	B-DISO
.	O

Corticosteroids	B-CHED
,	O
ribavirin	B-CHED
monotherapy	O
and	O
mycophenolic	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
likely	O
have	O
toxicities	O
that	O
exceed	O
potential	O
benefits	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Critically	B-DISO
ill	I-DISO
obstetric	O
patients	O
requiring	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
in	O
rural	O
western	O
India	O
:	O
A	O
retrospective	O
analysis	O
.	O

We	O
analysed	O
factors	O
that	O
influence	O
seeking	O
of	O
antenatal	O
care	O
,	O
pregnancy	O
and	O
its	O
complications	O
,	O
severity	O
assessment	O
score	O
,	O
indications	O
and	O
initiation	O
of	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
,	O
multiorgan	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
and	O
their	O
correlation	O
with	O
maternal	O
mortality	O
.	O

Of	O
the	O
6708	O
obstetric	O
admissions	O
studied	O
,	O
1112	O
were	O
of	O
critically	B-DISO
ill	I-DISO
(	O
16	O
.	O
5	O
%)	O
patients	O
and	O
200	O
(	O
17	O
%)	O
of	O
these	O
required	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
.	O

The	O
common	O
indications	O
for	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
were	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
oedema	I-DISO
,	O
ARDS	B-DISO
and	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Distribution	O
of	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
strains	O
in	O
different	O
organs	B-ANAT
and	O
evidence	O
of	O
vertical	B-DISO
transmission	I-DISO
in	O
natural	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

Additionally	O
,	O
a	O
fragment	O
of	O
viral	O
RNA	O
with	O
that	O
was	O
completely	O
identical	O
to	O
the	O
corresponding	O
region	O
of	O
the	O
Ma5	O
vaccine	O
was	O
detected	O
in	O
the	O
allantoic	B-ANAT
fluid	I-ANAT
of	O
viable	O
embryos	B-ANAT
from	O
the	O
hens	O
under	O
study	O
after	O
18	O
days	O
of	O
incubation	O
.	O

Samples	O
were	O
pre	O
-	O
screened	O
,	O
using	O
a	O
quantitative	O
reverse	B-PRGE
transcriptase	I-PRGE
polymerase	O
chain	O
reaction	O
(	O
qRT	O
-	O
PCR	O
)	O
multiprobe	O
for	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
,	O
and	O
subjected	O
to	O
confirmatory	O
pancoronavirus	O
and	O
/	O
or	O
strain	O
-	O
specific	O
reverse	B-PRGE
transcriptase	I-PRGE
(	O
RT	O
)-	O
PCR	O
followed	O
by	O
sequence	O
analysis	O
.	O

The	O
most	O
frequent	O
strain	O
detected	O
was	O
HCoV	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
OC43	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
like	I-PRGE
followed	O
by	O
NL63	O
-	O
like	O
;	O
only	O
one	O
sample	O
was	O
positive	O
for	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
229E	I-SPEC
and	O
one	O
for	O
HCoV	O
-	O
HKU1	O
.	O

These	O
droplets	O
or	O
droplet	O
nuclei	B-CHED
are	O
transported	O
by	O
expired	O
airflows	O
,	O
which	O
are	O
sometimes	O
affected	O
by	O
the	O
human	B-ANAT
body	I-ANAT
plume	O
and	O
use	O
of	O
a	O
face	B-DISO
mask	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
room	O
airflow	B-PROC
.	O

We	O
have	O
shown	O
the	O
opportunities	O
for	O
infection	B-DISO
control	O
at	O
different	O
stages	O
of	O
the	O
spread	O
.	O

Blood	B-ANAT
samples	I-ANAT
were	O
collected	O
through	O
brachial	B-ANAT
vein	I-ANAT
at	O
the	O
end	O
of	O
wk	O
16	O
.	O

Interaction	O
of	O
SN	O
with	O
FR	O
revealed	O
maximum	O
(	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
)	O
cholesterol	B-CHED
whereas	O
interaction	O
of	O
PW	O
with	O
SI	O
indicated	O
maximum	O
antibody	B-COMP
titer	O
against	O
NDV	B-SPEC
.	O

Birds	B-SPEC
of	O
PW	O
variety	O
indicated	O
higher	O
glucose	B-CHED
,	O
total	O
protein	B-CHED
,	O
albumin	B-PRGE
,	O
uric	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
,	O
and	O
creatinine	B-CHED
,	O
the	O
lowest	O
cholesterol	B-CHED
under	O
FR	O
and	O
the	O
enhanced	O
antibody	B-COMP
titer	O
against	O
NDV	B-SPEC
and	O
IBV	B-SPEC
.	O

ECMO	O
oxygenation	B-PROC
did	O
not	O
explain	O
PF	O
ratio	O
variation	O
that	O
remained	O
stable	O
in	O
PF	O
-	O
d	O
and	O
decreased	O
in	O
PF	O
-	O
i	O
(	O
198	O
±	O
12	O
.	O
7	O
mL	O
/	O
min	O
versus	O
171	O
±	O
8	O
.	O
8	O
mL	O
/	O
min	O
).	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
observe	O
the	O
occurrence	O
rate	O
of	O
elevated	O
serum	B-PRGE
amylase	I-PRGE
and	O
lipase	B-PRGE
in	O
critically	B-DISO
ill	I-DISO
children	O
,	O
to	O
explore	O
the	O
relationship	O
between	O
elevated	O
pancreatic	B-ANAT
enzymes	O
and	O
pancreatic	B-ANAT
injury	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
effect	O
of	O
elevated	O
pancreatic	B-ANAT
enzymes	O
on	O
state	O
of	O
illness	O
and	O
the	O
prognosis	O
.	O

The	O
cases	O
were	O
divided	O
into	O
three	O
groups	O
:	O
the	O
control	O
group	O
(	O
amylase	B-PRGE
or	O
lipase	B-PRGE
were	O
normal	O
),	O
mildly	O
elevated	O
group	O
(	O
1	O
time	O
<	O
increase	O
of	O
serum	B-COMP
amylase	B-PRGE
or	O
<	O
3	O
times	O
increase	O
of	O
lipase	B-PRGE
),	O
highly	O
elevated	O
group	O
(	O
serum	B-PRGE
amylase	I-PRGE
or	O
lipase	B-PRGE
increased	O
>	O
3	O
times	O
).	O

The	O
risk	O
factors	O
of	O
elevated	O
amylase	B-PRGE
or	O
lipase	B-PRGE
were	O
analyzed	O
by	O
Logistic	O
regression	O
analysis	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Complex	O
control	O
of	O
the	O
source	O
of	O
infection	B-DISO
in	O
sepsis	B-DISO
:	O
Extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenation	B-PROC
(	O
ECMO	O
)	O
as	O
a	O
bridging	O
concept	O
for	O
tracheal	O
fistula	O
repair	B-PROC
in	O
sepsis	B-DISO
-	O
associated	O
ARDS	B-DISO
].	O

Using	O
detailed	O
mainland	O
China	O
epidemiological	O
data	O
,	O
we	O
study	O
spatiotemporal	O
aspects	O
of	O
this	O
person	O
-	O
to	O
-	O
person	O
contagious	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
and	O
simulate	O
its	O
spatiotemporal	O
transmission	O
dynamics	O
via	O
the	O
Bayesian	O
Maximum	O
Entropy	O
(	O
BME	O
)	O
method	O
.	O

Nineteen	O
mechanically	O
ventilated	O
patients	O
underwent	O
six	O
consecutive	O
ventilatory	O
conditions	O
:	O
three	O
on	O
volume	O
assist	O
-	O
control	O
(	O
VC	O
)	O
mode	O
,	O
each	O
with	O
set	O
Vt	O
of	O
6	O
,	O
7	O
.	O
5	O
,	O
and	O
9	O
ml	O
/	O
kg	O
,	O
and	O
three	O
on	O
adaptive	O
pressure	O
-	O
control	O
(	O
APC	B-COMP
)	O
mode	O
,	O
with	O
those	O
same	O
set	O
Vts	O
and	O
matching	O
inspiratory	B-PROC
times	O
.	O

Under	O
APC	B-COMP
mode	O
,	O
compared	O
with	O
VC	O
,	O
DIs	O
were	O
lower	O
at	O
set	O
Vt	O
of	O
6	O
and	O
7	O
.	O
5	O
ml	O
/	O
kg	O
(	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
004	O
for	O
both	O
).	O

Lower	O
Vts	O
during	O
VC	O
ventilation	O
result	O
in	O
higher	O
patient	O
-	O
ventilator	O
dyssynchrony	O
in	O
most	O
patients	O
with	O
or	O
at	O
risk	O
for	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

Induced	O
High	O
Levels	O
of	O
IgA	O
Response	O
in	O
Mice	B-SPEC
and	O
Piglets	O
.	O

In	O
our	O
study	O
,	O
stool	B-ANAT
samples	O
from	O
203	O
wild	B-SPEC
boars	I-SPEC
culled	O
during	O
hunting	O
season	O
2014	O
-	O
2015	O
(	O
from	O
October	O
to	O
January	O
)	O
were	O
examined	O
by	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
.	O

Our	O
study	O
provides	O
the	O
first	O
evidence	O
of	O
RVC	O
prevalence	O
in	O
wild	B-SPEC
boars	I-SPEC
and	O
indicates	O
that	O
wild	B-SPEC
boars	I-SPEC
might	O
contribute	O
to	O
the	O
genetic	O
variability	O
of	O
RVA	O
and	O
also	O
serve	O
as	O
an	O
important	O
reservoir	O
of	O
other	O
enteric	O
viruses	B-SPEC
.	O

This	O
study	O
provides	O
detailed	O
information	O
on	O
the	O
pathological	O
changes	O
in	O
the	O
hen	O
ovary	B-ANAT
and	O
oviduct	B-ANAT
after	O
challenge	O
with	O
IBV	O
strain	O
YN	O
,	O
which	O
could	O
provide	O
a	O
better	O
understanding	O
about	O
the	O
pathogenicity	O
of	O
IBV	B-SPEC
.	O

(	O
2	O
)	O
The	O
areas	O
under	O
the	O
ROC	O
curve	O
of	O
APACHE	O
Ⅳ	O
score	O
for	O
predicting	O
death	B-PROC
were	O
largest	O
(	O
0	O
.	O
792	O
±	O
0	O
.	O
076	O
,	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
:	O
0	O
.	O
643	O
-	O
0	O
.	O
940	O
,	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Risk	O
of	O
global	O
spread	O
of	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
via	O
the	O
air	B-CHED
transport	O
network	O
.	O

Sputum	B-ANAT
specimens	O
were	O
collected	O
from	O
participants	O
with	O
respiratory	B-DISO
symptoms	I-DISO
and	O
productive	B-DISO
cough	I-DISO
at	O
the	O
time	O
of	O
their	O
interview	O
.	O

The	O
2015	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
outbreak	O
in	O
South	O
Korea	O
,	O
in	O
which	O
184	O
MERS	O
cases	O
including	O
33	O
deaths	B-PROC
occurred	O
in	O
2	O
months	O
,	O
that	O
was	O
imported	O
from	O
the	O
Middle	O
East	O
by	O
a	O
South	O
Korean	O
businessman	O
was	O
a	O
wake	O
-	O
up	O
call	O
for	O
the	O
global	O
community	O
to	O
refocus	O
attention	O
on	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
and	O
other	O
emerging	O
and	O
re	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
emerging	I-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
with	O
epidemic	O
potential	O
.	O

The	O
international	O
donor	B-CHED
community	O
and	O
Middle	O
Eastern	O
countries	O
should	O
make	O
available	O
resources	O
for	O
,	O
and	O
make	O
a	O
serious	O
commitment	O
to	O
,	O
taking	O
forward	O
a	O
""""	O
One	O
Health	O
""""	O
global	O
network	O
for	O
proactive	O
surveillance	O
,	O
rapid	O
detection	O
,	O
and	O
prevention	O
of	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
and	O
other	O
epidemic	O
infectious	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
threats	O
.	O

The	O
Egyptian	O
variant	O
IBVs	O
also	O
contained	O
additional	O
N	O
-	O
glycosylation	B-PROC
sites	O
compared	O
to	O
the	O
classical	O
viruses	B-SPEC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
MicroRNA	O
-	O
155	O
enhances	O
T	B-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
trafficking	B-PROC
and	O
antiviral	B-CHED
effector	B-CHED
function	O
in	O
a	O
model	O
of	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
-	O
induced	O
neurologic	O
disease	O
.	O

To	O
determine	O
the	O
impact	O
of	O
miR	O
-	O
155	O
on	O
trafficking	B-PROC
,	O
T	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
from	O
infected	O
WT	O
or	O
miR	O
-	O
155	O
(-/-)	O
mice	B-SPEC
were	O
adoptively	O
transferred	O
into	O
RAG1	O
(-/-)	O
mice	B-SPEC
,	O
and	O
T	B-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
accumulation	O
into	O
the	O
CNS	B-CHED
was	O
assessed	O
using	O
flow	O
cytometry	O
.	O

Compared	O
to	O
WT	O
mice	B-SPEC
,	O
JHMV	O
-	O
infected	O
miR	O
-	O
155	O
(-/-)	O
mice	B-SPEC
developed	O
exacerbated	O
disease	O
concomitant	O
with	O
increased	O
morbidity	O
/	O
mortality	O
and	O
an	O
inability	O
to	O
control	O
viral	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
within	O
the	O
CNS	B-CHED
.	O

We	O
estimated	O
the	O
relative	O
risks	O
of	O
death	B-PROC
and	O
severe	O
disease	O
among	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
patients	O
in	O
the	O
Middle	O
East	O
between	O
2012	O
and	O
2015	O
for	O
several	O
risk	O
factors	O
,	O
using	O
Poisson	O
regression	O
with	O
robust	O
variance	O
and	O
a	O
bootstrap	O
-	O
based	O
expectation	O
maximization	O
algorithm	O
to	O
handle	O
extensive	O
missing	O
data	O
.	O

Increased	O
age	O
and	O
underlying	O
comorbidity	O
were	O
risk	O
factors	O
for	O
both	O
death	B-PROC
and	O
severe	O
disease	O
,	O
while	O
cases	O
arising	O
in	O
Saudi	O
Arabia	O
were	O
more	O
likely	O
to	O
be	O
severe	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
In	O
the	O
era	B-CHED
of	O
corona	B-CHED
virus	B-SPEC
:	O
health	O
care	O
professionals	O
'	O
knowledge	O
,	O
attitudes	O
,	O
and	O
practice	O
of	O
hand	O
hygiene	O
in	O
Saudi	O
primary	O
care	O
centers	O
:	O
a	O
cross	O
-	O
sectional	O
study	O
.	O

Data	O
were	O
analyzed	O
using	O
IBM	B-DISO
SPSS	O
software	O
.	O

2299	O
patients	O
with	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
requiring	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
.	O

We	O
found	O
that	O
for	O
patients	O
with	O
PaO2	O
/	O
FiO2	O
below	O
150	O
mm	O
Hg	O
,	O
but	O
above	O
100	O
mm	O
Hg	O
or	O
an	O
oxygenation	B-PROC
index	O
above	O
12	O
(	O
moderate	O
ARDS	B-DISO
),	O
higher	O
PEEP	B-CHED
reduces	O
hospital	O
mortality	O
,	O
but	O
the	O
beneficial	O
effect	O
appears	O
to	O
level	O
off	O
for	O
patients	O
with	O
very	O
severe	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

On	O
Day	O
2	O
,	O
Pa	O
In	O
patients	O
with	O
ARDS	B-DISO
,	O
use	O
of	O
inhaled	B-PROC
sevoflurane	B-CHED
improved	O
oxygenation	B-PROC
and	O
decreased	O
levels	O
of	O
a	O
marker	O
of	O
epithelial	O
injury	O
and	O
of	O
some	O
inflammatory	O
markers	O
,	O
compared	O
with	O
midazolam	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Haemoglobinuria	B-DISO
is	O
an	O
uncommon	O
complication	B-DISO
of	O
severe	O
malaria	B-PATH
,	O
reflecting	O
acute	O
intravascular	B-DISO
haemolysis	I-DISO
and	O
potentially	O
leading	O
to	O
acute	O
kidney	B-ANAT
injury	O
.	O

It	O
can	O
occur	O
early	O
in	O
the	O
course	O
of	O
infection	B-DISO
as	O
a	O
consequence	O
of	O
a	O
high	O
parasite	O
burden	O
,	O
or	O
may	O
occur	O
following	O
commencement	O
of	O
anti	O
-	O
malarial	O
treatment	O
.	O

Treatment	O
with	O
quinine	B-CHED
has	O
been	O
described	O
as	O
a	O
risk	O
factor	O
;	O
however	O
the	O
syndrome	B-DISO
may	O
also	O
occur	O
following	O
treatment	O
with	O
intravenous	O
artesunate	B-CHED
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Bat	O
-	O
borne	O
viral	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
are	O
a	O
major	O
public	O
health	O
concern	O
among	O
newly	O
emerging	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
which	O
includes	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
,	O
Nipah	O
,	O
Marburg	O
and	O
Ebola	B-DISO
virus	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
.	O

During	O
the	O
survey	O
for	O
Nipah	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
among	O
bats	B-SPEC
at	O
North	O
-	O
East	O
region	O
of	O
India	O
;	O
Tioman	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
TioV	O
),	O
a	O
new	O
member	O
of	O
the	O
Paramyxoviridae	B-SPEC
family	B-SPEC
was	O
isolated	O
from	O
tissues	B-ANAT
of	O
Pteropus	B-SPEC
giganteus	I-SPEC
bats	B-SPEC
for	O
the	O
first	O
time	O
in	O
India	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
further	O
analyses	O
,	O
using	O
other	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
-	O
and	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
-	O
specific	O
RT	O
-	O
qPCR	O
assays	O
,	O
provided	O
results	O
inconsistent	O
with	O
infection	B-DISO
by	O
either	O
of	O
these	O
viruses	B-SPEC
.	O

Specific	O
detection	O
of	O
the	O
chimeric	O
SeCoVs	O
either	O
requires	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
a	O
new	O
diagnostic	O
RT	O
-	O
qPCR	O
assay	O
or	O
the	O
combined	O
use	O
of	O
assays	O
targeting	B-PROC
the	O
PEDV	B-PRGE
S	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
and	O
another	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
genome	O
.	O

We	O
have	O
isolated	O
and	O
passaged	O
the	O
PDCoV	O
strain	O
OH	O
-	O
FD22	O
in	O
an	O
LLC	B-COMP
porcine	B-SPEC
kidney	B-ANAT
(	O
LLC	B-COMP
-	O
PK	O
)	O
cell	B-ANAT
line	I-ANAT
.	O

Histologic	O
lesions	O
were	O
limited	O
to	O
the	O
villous	O
epithelium	O
of	O
the	O
jejunum	B-ANAT
and	O
ileum	B-ANAT
at	O
PID	B-DISO
3	O
.	O

An	O
analysis	O
of	O
full	O
-	O
length	O
S	O
and	O
N	O
genes	O
of	O
TC	O
-	O
and	O
Gn	O
-	O
pig	B-SPEC
-	O
passaged	O
OH	O
-	O
FD22	O
revealed	O
a	O
high	O
genetic	O
stability	O
in	O
cell	B-COMP
culture	O
and	O
pigs	B-SPEC
.	O

Epidemiological	O
and	O
clinical	O
data	O
on	O
maternal	O
and	O
neonatal	O
infections	B-DISO
were	O
collected	O
prospectively	O
and	O
analyzed	O
.	O

Leukocytosis	B-DISO
with	O
neutrophilia	O
and	O
normal	O
or	O
increased	B-DISO
platelets	I-DISO
was	O
a	O
common	O
finding	O
,	O
and	O
in	O
those	O
with	O
signs	O
of	O
meningeal	O
involvement	O
,	O
moderate	O
lymphocytic	O
pleocytosis	O
with	O
normal	O
glucose	B-CHED
and	O
protein	B-CHED
levels	O
was	O
typical	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Sequencing	O
avian	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
bronchitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
spike	O
genes	O
re	O
-	O
isolated	O
from	O
vaccinated	O
chicks	O
revealed	O
that	O
many	O
sequence	O
changes	O
are	O
found	O
on	O
the	O
S1	B-PRGE
spike	I-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
.	O

These	O
findings	O
are	O
important	O
because	O
they	O
propose	O
that	O
specific	O
changes	O
in	O
S1	O
enhances	O
virus	O
fitness	O
by	O
more	O
effective	O
binding	B-FUNC
to	O
host	B-COMP
tissues	B-ANAT
(	O
Y43H	O
)	O
and	O
by	O
evading	O
a	O
vaccine	O
-	O
induced	O
antibody	B-PROC
response	I-PROC
(∆	O
344	O
).	O

The	O
most	O
common	O
clinical	O
manifestations	O
were	O
fever	B-PROC
(	O
94	O
.	O
6	O
%),	O
conjunctival	B-DISO
congestion	I-DISO
(	O
89	O
.	O
6	O
%),	O
myalgia	B-DISO
(	O
81	O
.	O
9	O
%),	O
coryza	B-DISO
(	O
79	O
.	O
7	O
%),	O
headache	B-DISO
(	O
75	O
.	O
1	O
%),	O
palmar	B-ANAT
erythema	B-DISO
(	O
62	O
.	O
8	O
%),	O
and	O
retro	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
orbital	I-DISO
pain	I-DISO
(	O
51	O
.	O
3	O
%).	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Among	O
the	O
261	O
confirmed	O
cases	O
of	O
dengue	B-DISO
fever	I-DISO
non	O
-	O
severe	O
and	O
severe	O
dengue	B-DISO
infection	B-DISO
was	O
seen	O
in	O
60	O
.	O
9	O
%	O
and	O
39	O
.	O
1	O
%,	O
respectively	O
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
There	O
has	O
been	O
a	O
resurgence	O
of	O
dengue	B-DISO
fever	I-DISO
with	O
a	O
change	O
in	O
the	O
pattern	O
of	O
presentation	O
during	O
the	O
recent	O
epidemics	O
.	O

A	O
56	O
-	O
year	O
-	O
old	O
Japanese	O
woman	O
who	O
presented	O
with	O
severe	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
secondary	O
to	O
scleroderma	B-DISO
was	O
treated	O
under	O
ventilator	O
support	O
because	O
of	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Selection	O
of	O
reference	O
genes	O
for	O
gene	B-PROC
expression	I-PROC
analysis	O
by	O
real	O
-	O
time	O
qPCR	O
in	O
avian	B-SPEC
cells	B-COMP
infected	O
with	O
infectious	O
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
.	O

This	O
is	O
most	O
notable	O
when	O
measuring	O
the	O
transcription	B-PROC
of	O
AKT1	B-PRGE
,	O
where	O
changes	O
are	O
minimal	O
during	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
The	O
Importance	O
of	O
Ground	O
Critical	O
Care	O
Transport	B-PROC
.	O

We	O
report	O
4	O
cases	O
of	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
from	O
influenza	B-DISO
in	O
need	O
of	O
extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenation	B-PROC
evaluation	O
at	O
a	O
tertiary	O
care	O
center	O
,	O
transported	O
by	O
ground	O
.	O

In	O
3	O
cases	O
,	O
they	O
stopped	O
bicarbonate	O
drips	O
being	O
used	O
to	O
treat	O
mixed	O
metabolic	B-PROC
and	O
respiratory	B-DISO
acidosis	I-DISO
,	O
and	O
in	O
1	O
case	O
,	O
they	O
administered	O
furosemide	B-CHED
.	O

In	O
1	O
case	O
,	O
they	O
started	O
cisatracurium	O
,	O
and	O
in	O
3	O
others	O
,	O
they	O
initiated	O
inhaled	B-PROC
epoprostenol	B-CHED
.	O

A	O
subacute	O
cardiac	B-ANAT
catheterization	O
showed	O
no	O
signs	O
of	O
significant	O
coronary	B-DISO
stenosis	B-SPEC
.	O

In	O
rhesus	B-SPEC
macaques	I-SPEC
,	O
the	O
spike	O
glycoprotein	B-CHED
peptides	B-CHED
S471	O
-	O
503	O
,	O
S604	O
-	O
625	O
,	O
and	O
S1164	O
-	O
1191	O
elicited	O
antibodies	B-COMP
that	O
efficiently	O
prevented	O
infection	B-DISO
in	O
non	O
-	O
human	B-SPEC
primates	B-SPEC
.	O

To	O
allow	O
diagnosis	O
,	O
two	O
conventional	O
multiplex	O
polymerase	O
chain	O
reactions	O
(	O
PCR	O
)	O
were	O
developed	O
to	O
simultaneously	O
identify	O
four	O
RNA	O
and	O
two	O
DNA	O
viruses	B-SPEC
associated	O
with	O
CIRDC	O
.	O

Plasma	B-ANAT
markers	O
of	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
6	I-FUNC
,	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
8	I-FUNC
,	O
and	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
10	I-FUNC
are	O
associated	O
with	O
ARDS	B-DISO
in	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
TBI	O
.	O

Moreover	O
,	O
the	O
Km	O
of	O
ATP	B-CHED
for	O
M	O
-	O
nsp13	O
is	O
inversely	O
proportional	O
to	O
the	O
length	O
of	O
the	O
5	O
'	O
loading	O
strand	O
of	O
the	O
partially	O
duplex	O
RNA	O
substrates	O
.	O

Cytokine	B-DISO
release	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
,	O
the	O
most	O
severe	O
toxicity	O
,	O
presents	O
a	O
novel	O
critical	B-DISO
illness	I-DISO
syndrome	B-DISO
with	O
limited	O
data	O
regarding	O
diagnosis	O
,	O
prognosis	O
,	O
and	O
therapy	O
.	O

Thirteen	O
subjects	O
with	O
cardiovascular	B-ANAT
dysfunction	O
were	O
treated	O
with	O
the	O
interleukin	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
6	I-PRGE
receptor	I-PRGE
antibody	I-PRGE
tocilizumab	O
.	O

Eighteen	O
subjects	O
(	O
46	O
%)	O
developed	O
grade	O
3	O
-	O
4	O
cytokine	B-DISO
release	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
,	O
with	O
prolonged	O
fever	B-PROC
(	O
median	O
,	O
6	O
.	O
5	O
d	O
),	O
hyperferritinemia	O
(	O
median	O
peak	O
ferritin	B-PRGE
,	O
60	O
,	O
214	O
ng	O
/	O
mL	O
),	O
and	O
organ	B-ANAT
dysfunction	O
.	O

Subjects	O
had	O
a	O
median	O
of	O
15	O
organ	B-ANAT
dysfunction	O
days	O
(	O
interquartile	O
range	O
,	O
8	O
-	O
20	O
).	O

Clinicians	O
should	O
be	O
aware	O
of	O
expanding	O
use	O
of	O
this	O
breakthrough	O
therapy	O
and	O
implications	O
for	O
critical	O
care	O
units	O
in	O
cancer	B-DISO
centers	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Coronaviruses	O
are	O
a	O
diverse	O
group	O
of	O
viruses	B-SPEC
that	O
infect	O
mammals	B-SPEC
and	O
birds	B-SPEC
.	O

Calibration	O
was	O
moderate	O
using	O
the	O
original	O
cutoff	O
values	O
(	O
Hosmer	O
-	O
Lemeshow	O
goodness	O
of	O
fit	B-DISO
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
001	O
),	O
and	O
recalibration	O
was	O
performed	O
for	O
the	O
cutoff	O
value	O
for	O
age	O
and	O
plateau	O
pressure	O
.	O

The	O
novel	O
virus	B-SPEC
belongs	O
to	O
the	O
coronaviruses	O
family	B-SPEC
,	O
which	O
is	O
responsible	O
for	O
causing	O
mild	O
to	O
moderate	O
colds	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
control	O
and	O
command	O
center	O
of	O
Saudi	O
Ministry	O
of	O
Health	O
issues	O
a	O
daily	O
report	O
on	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
infection	B-DISO
cases	O
.	O

In	O
order	B-SPEC
to	O
build	O
our	O
prediction	O
models	O
,	O
we	O
split	O
the	O
dataset	O
into	O
two	O
groups	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
first	O
emerged	O
in	O
2003	O
,	O
causing	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
epidemic	O
which	O
resulted	O
in	O
a	O
10	O
%	O
fatality	O
rate	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Emerging	O
infectious	B-DISO
agents	O
].	O

The	O
establishment	O
of	O
the	O
African	O
Regional	O
polio	B-DISO
laboratory	O
for	O
the	O
Polio	B-DISO
Eradication	O
Initiative	O
(	O
PEI	B-CHED
)	O
has	O
contributed	O
in	O
supporting	O
countries	O
in	O
their	O
efforts	O
to	O
strengthen	O
laboratory	O
capacity	O
.	O

Through	O
laboratory	O
technical	O
staff	O
training	O
supported	O
by	O
the	O
PEI	B-CHED
,	O
skills	O
and	O
knowledge	O
were	O
gained	O
to	O
reinforce	O
laboratories	O
capacity	O
and	O
performance	O
in	O
quality	O
laboratory	O
functioning	O
,	O
processes	O
and	O
techniques	O
such	O
as	O
cell	B-COMP
culture	O
.	O

General	O
laboratory	O
quality	O
standards	O
,	O
including	O
the	O
entire	O
laboratory	O
key	O
elements	O
was	O
improved	O
through	O
the	O
PEI	B-CHED
accreditation	O
process	O
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
The	O
Polio	B-DISO
Eradication	O
Initiative	O
(	O
PEI	B-CHED
)	O
is	O
a	O
good	O
example	O
of	O
contribution	O
in	O
strengthening	O
public	O
health	O
laboratories	O
systems	O
in	O
the	O
African	O
region	O
.	O

Studies	O
were	O
included	O
and	O
analyzed	O
if	O
they	O
met	B-CHED
all	O
of	O
the	O
following	O
criteria	O
:	O
""""	O
probable	O
or	O
confirmed	O
infant	O
microcephaly	B-DISO
""""	O
and	O
""""	O
probable	O
or	O
confirmed	O
ZIKV	O
infection	B-DISO
among	O
mothers	O
or	O
infants	O
"""."	O

The	O
chance	O
of	O
catch	B-DISO
-	O
up	O
growth	B-PROC
may	O
decrease	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
pervious	O
""""	O
diagnosed	O
""""	O
microcephaly	B-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Viruses	B-SPEC
within	O
the	O
Coronaviridae	B-SPEC
family	B-SPEC
show	O
variations	O
within	O
their	O
genome	O
sequences	O
,	O
especially	O
within	O
the	O
major	O
structural	O
protein	B-CHED
the	O
Spike	B-PRGE
(	I-PRGE
S	I-PRGE
)	I-PRGE
glycoprotein	I-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
.	O

From	O
time	O
to	O
time	O
,	O
antigenic	O
virus	B-SPEC
variants	O
appear	O
,	O
which	O
differ	O
significantly	O
from	O
known	O
serotypes	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Mood	B-DISO
disorders	I-DISO
and	O
non	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
celiac	I-DISO
gluten	I-DISO
sensitivity	I-DISO
.	O

Bipolar	B-DISO
disorder	I-DISO
patients	O
show	O
an	O
increase	O
of	O
blood	B-ANAT
anti	O
gliadin	O
deamidated	O
antibodies	B-COMP
(	O
IgG	B-PRGE
).	O

The	O
patterns	O
of	O
parenchymal	O
lesions	O
,	O
involved	O
segments	O
and	O
presence	O
of	O
cavity	B-DISO
,	O
bronchiectasis	B-DISO
and	O
bronchogenic	O
spread	O
of	O
the	O
lesions	O
with	O
computed	O
tomography	O
(	O
CT	O
)	O
and	O
chest	B-ANAT
/	O
X	O
-	O
ray	B-SPEC
(	O
CXR	O
)	O
were	O
recorded	O
and	O
analyzed	O
.	O

A	O
total	O
of	O
250	O
swabs	O
were	O
randomly	O
selected	O
and	O
analyzed	O
by	O
multiplex	O
reverse	B-PRGE
transcriptase	I-PRGE
polymerase	O
chain	O
reaction	O
(	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
)	O
including	O
research	O
of	O
18	O
viruses	B-SPEC
and	O
4	O
bacteria	B-SPEC
.	O

We	O
observed	O
important	O
seasonal	O
differences	O
,	O
with	O
circulation	O
of	O
Human	B-SPEC
Metapneumoviruses	B-SPEC
,	O
RSV	B-SPEC
A	O
and	O
B	O
and	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
only	O
during	O
summer	O
;	O
whereas	O
parainfluenza	B-DISO
viruses	B-SPEC
were	O
identified	O
only	O
during	O
winter	O
.	O

In	O
conclusion	O
,	O
this	O
study	O
highlights	O
a	O
substantial	O
circulation	B-PROC
of	O
multiple	O
respiratory	O
pathogens	O
in	O
Réunion	O
Island	O
throughout	O
the	O
year	O
.	O

Secondary	O
analysis	O
of	O
data	O
from	O
the	O
Randomized	O
Evaluation	O
of	O
Sedation	B-DISO
Titration	O
for	O
Respiratory	B-DISO
Failure	I-DISO
clinical	O
trial	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Activated	O
GL7	O
ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Central	B-ANAT
nervous	I-ANAT
system	I-ANAT
(	O
CNS	B-CHED
)	O
inflammation	B-DISO
associated	O
with	O
viral	B-PROC
infection	I-PROC
and	O
autoimmune	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
results	O
in	O
the	O
accumulation	O
of	O
B	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
in	O
various	O
differentiation	B-PROC
stages	O
.	O

Pyrrolyl	O
diketo	O
acid	O
(	O
DKA	O
)	O
derivatives	O
inhibit	O
HIV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
1	I-SPEC
replication	O
by	O
interacting	O
with	O
the	O
Mg	O

We	O
also	O
screened	O
these	O
samples	O
for	O
Bartonella	B-SPEC
spp	B-ENZY
.	O
and	O
found	O
that	O
38	O
%	O
of	O
individuals	O
tested	O
positive	O
.	O

Accessory	O
proteins	B-CHED
are	O
genus	B-SPEC
-	O
specific	O
for	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
,	O
and	O
two	O
putative	O
accessory	O
proteins	B-CHED
,	O
NS6	B-DISO
and	O
NS7	B-DISO
,	O
are	O
predicted	O
to	O
be	O
encoded	O
by	O
PDCoV	O
;	O
however	O
,	O
this	O
remains	O
to	O
be	O
confirmed	O
experimentally	O
.	O

Though	O
we	O
have	O
reported	O
the	O
utility	O
of	O
this	O
approach	O
in	O
bacterial	O
and	O
cell	B-COMP
culture	O
studies	O
previously	O
,	O
this	O
is	O
the	O
first	O
comprehensive	O
study	O
to	O
confirm	O
that	O
network	O
topology	O
can	O
be	O
used	O
to	O
predict	O
phenotypes	O
in	O
mice	B-SPEC
with	O
experimental	O
validation	O
.	O

The	O
safe	O
and	O
effective	O
vaccine	O
to	O
control	O
IBV	B-SPEC
spread	O
is	O
imperative	O
.	O

Despite	O
their	O
biomedical	O
importance	O
,	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
S	O
glycoproteins	B-CHED
have	O
proven	O
difficult	O
targets	O
for	O
structural	O
characterization	O
,	O
precluding	O
high	O
-	O
resolution	O
studies	O
of	O
the	O
biologically	O
relevant	O
trimer	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Evaluation	O
of	O
the	O
minimum	O
infectious	B-DISO
dose	O
of	O
porcine	B-SPEC
epidemic	I-SPEC
diarrhea	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
in	O
virus	B-SPEC
-	O
inoculated	O
feed	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
OBJECTIVE	O
To	O
determine	O
the	O
minimum	O
infectious	O
dose	O
of	O
porcine	B-SPEC
epidemic	I-SPEC
diarrhea	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
)	O
in	O
virus	B-SPEC
-	O
inoculated	O
feed	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
The	O
PCR	O
cycle	O
threshold	O
(	O
Ct	O
)	O
decreased	O
by	O
approximately	O
10	O
when	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
was	O
added	O
to	O
feed	O
,	O
compared	O
with	O
results	O
for	O
equivalent	O
PEDV	O
diluted	O
in	O
tissue	B-ANAT
culture	O
medium	O
.	O

by	O
molecular	O
testing	O
;	O
however	O
,	O
all	O
lions	B-SPEC
were	O
positive	O
for	O
Babesia	B-SPEC
spp	B-ENZY
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
extreme	O
variability	O
and	O
rapid	O
evolution	O
of	O
Infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
IBV	B-SPEC
)	O
has	O
always	O
represented	O
the	O
key	O
challenge	O
for	O
its	O
control	O
because	O
of	O
the	O
limited	O
cross	O
-	O
protection	O
among	O
different	O
strains	O
.	O

Diagnoses	O
were	O
status	B-DISO
asthmaticus	I-DISO
(	O
2	O
),	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
due	O
to	O
septic	B-DISO
shock	I-DISO
(	O
1	O
),	O
aspergillus	B-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
(	O
1	O
),	O
and	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
due	O
to	O
parainfluenza	B-DISO
(	O
1	O
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Predictors	O
of	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
infection	B-DISO
:	O
A	O
large	O
case	O
control	O
study	O
of	O
patients	O
presenting	O
with	O
ILI	O
at	O
a	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
referral	O
hospital	O
in	O
Saudi	O
Arabia	O
.	O

None	O
of	O
the	O
presenting	O
symptoms	O
are	O
specific	O
for	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

Phylogenetic	O
analysis	O
clearly	O
proved	O
that	O
the	O
wild	O
strain	O
clustered	O
into	O
a	O
subclass	B-SPEC
with	O
a	O
HEV	B-SPEC
-	O
JT06	O
strain	O
.	O

All	O
patients	O
admitted	O
between	O
March	O
2009	O
and	O
April	O
2013	O
who	O
met	B-CHED
inclusion	O
criteria	O
for	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

All	O
patients	O
who	O
met	B-CHED
American	O
European	O
Consensus	O
Conference	O
criteria	O
and	O
141	O
(	O
98	O
.	O
6	O
%)	O
patients	O
who	O
met	B-CHED
Berlin	O
criteria	O
also	O
met	B-CHED
Pediatric	O
Acute	O
Lung	B-ANAT
Injury	O
Consensus	O
Conference	O
criteria	O
.	O

Applying	O
the	O
Pediatric	O
Acute	O
Lung	B-ANAT
Injury	O
Consensus	O
Conference	O
definition	O
of	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
has	O
the	O
potential	O
to	O
significantly	O
increase	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
patients	O
identified	O
,	O
with	O
a	O
lower	O
overall	O
mortality	O
rate	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
severe	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
is	O
associated	O
with	O
extremely	O
high	O
mortality	O
,	O
particularly	O
if	O
present	O
at	O
24	O
hours	O
after	O
initial	O
diagnosis	O
.	O

Fecal	B-ANAT
samples	O
were	O
collected	O
from	O
25	O
diarrheic	O
calves	O
.	O

The	O
mAbs	O
5E8	O
and	O
3D7	O
reacted	O
with	O
native	O
N	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
in	O
western	O
blotting	O
and	O
immunofluorescence	O
assay	O
(	O
IFA	O
).	O

Two	O
linear	O
epitopes	O
,	O
189SVEQAVLAALKKLG202	O
and	O
246VTRFYGARSSSA257	O
,	O
located	O
in	O
the	O
LKR	O
and	O
CTD	O
of	O
TGEV	B-PRGE
N	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
,	O
respectively	O
,	O
were	O
identified	O
after	O
truncating	O
the	O
protein	B-CHED
and	O
applying	O
a	O
peptide	B-CHED
scanning	O
technique	O
.	O

Symptom	B-DISO
data	O
on	O
158	O
healthcare	O
workers	O
(	O
HCWs	O
)	O
with	O
a	O
laboratory	O
-	O
confirmed	O
respiratory	B-DISO
virus	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
were	O
collected	O
using	O
standardized	O
data	O
collection	O
forms	O
from	O
three	O
separate	O
studies	O
.	O

Rates	O
varied	O
by	O
virus	B-SPEC
:	O
human	B-SPEC
rhinovirus	I-SPEC
(	O
25	O
·	O
3	O
%,	O
19	O
/	O
75	O
),	O
influenza	B-SPEC
A	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
30	O
%,	O
3	O
/	O
10	O
),	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
28	O
·	O
6	O
%,	O
2	O
/	O
7	O
),	O
human	B-SPEC
metapneumovirus	I-SPEC
(	O
28	O
·	O
6	O
%,	O
2	O
/	O
7	O
),	O
respiratory	B-SPEC
syncytial	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
14	O
·	O
3	O
%,	O
4	O
/	O
28	O
)	O
and	O
parainfluenza	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
8	O
·	O
3	O
%,	O
1	O
/	O
12	O
).	O

Pathway	B-PROC
analysis	O
identified	O
significant	O
differences	O
in	O
multiple	O
signaling	B-PROC
pathways	B-PROC
that	O
may	O
explain	O
the	O
differences	O
in	O
epithelial	O
repair	B-PROC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Putative	O
Receptor	B-FUNC
Binding	I-FUNC
Domain	O
of	O
Bat	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
Derived	I-PRGE
Coronavirus	B-SPEC
HKU9	I-PRGE
Spike	I-PRGE
Protein	B-CHED
:	O
Evolution	B-PROC
of	O
Betacoronavirus	O
Receptor	B-FUNC
Binding	I-FUNC
Motifs	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
suggested	O
bat	B-ENZY
origin	O
for	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
has	O
revitalized	O
the	O
studies	O
of	O
other	O
bat	B-ENZY
-	O
derived	O
coronaviruses	O
with	O
respect	O
to	O
interspecies	O
transmission	O
potential	O
.	O

The	O
core	O
subdomain	O
fold	O
resembles	O
those	O
of	O
other	O
betaCoV	O
RBDs	O
,	O
whereas	O
the	O
external	O
subdomain	O
is	O
structurally	O
unique	O
with	O
a	O
single	O
helix	O
,	O
explaining	O
the	O
inability	O
of	O
HKU9	O
-	O
RBD	O
to	O
react	O
with	O
either	O
ACE2	B-PRGE
or	O
CD26	B-PRGE
.	O

The	O
detected	O
virus	B-SPEC
did	O
not	O
influence	O
clinical	O
features	O
of	O
febrile	B-DISO
seizure	I-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Tissue	B-ANAT
localization	B-PROC
,	O
shedding	B-DISO
,	I-DISO
virus	I-DISO
carriage	O
,	O
antibody	B-PROC
response	I-PROC
,	O
and	O
aerosol	O
transmission	O
of	O
Porcine	O
epidemic	O
diarrhea	O
virus	O
following	O
inoculation	O
of	O
4	O
-	O
week	O
-	O
old	O
feeder	O
pigs	B-SPEC
.	O

Real	O
-	O
time	O
PCR	O
detected	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
in	O
fecal	B-ANAT
and	O
nasal	B-ANAT
swabs	O
,	O
oral	B-ANAT
fluids	B-ANAT
,	O
serum	B-COMP
,	O
and	O
gastrointestinal	O
and	O
lymphoid	B-ANAT
tissues	I-ANAT
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
During	O
July	O
-	O
August	O
2015	O
,	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
cases	O
of	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
(	O
MERS	O
)	O
reported	O
from	O
Saudi	O
Arabia	O
increased	O
dramatically	O
.	O

Oxygen	B-PROC
content	I-PROC
was	O
significantly	O
different	O
between	O
PFC	O
post	O
-	O
OA	O
and	O
the	O
control	O
(	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
001	O
).	O

The	O
virion	B-COMP
provides	O
the	O
means	O
to	O
deliver	O
the	O
viral	B-COMP
genome	I-COMP
across	O
the	O
plasma	B-COMP
membrane	I-COMP
of	O
a	O
host	B-COMP
cell	I-COMP
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Coronavirus	B-SPEC
cis	B-DISO
-	O
Acting	O
RNA	O
Elements	O
.	O

The	O
protein	B-COMP
complex	I-COMP
is	O
thought	O
to	O
bind	B-FUNC
specific	O
cis	B-DISO
-	O
acting	O
RNA	O
elements	O
primarily	O
located	O
in	O
the	O
5	O
'-	O
and	O
3	O
'-	O
terminal	O
genome	O
regions	O
and	O
upstream	O
of	O
the	O
open	O
reading	O
frames	O
located	O
in	O
the	O
3	O
'-	O
proximal	O
one	O
-	O
third	O
of	O
the	O
genome	O
.	O

The	O
5	O
'-	O
terminal	O
two	O
-	O
thirds	O
of	O
the	O
genome	O
contain	O
two	O
open	O
reading	O
frames	O
(	O
ORFs	O
),	O
1a	O
and	O
1b	O
,	O
that	O
together	O
make	O
up	O
the	O
viral	O
replicase	O
gene	O
and	O
encode	O
two	O
large	O
polyproteins	O
that	O
are	O
processed	O
by	O
viral	O
proteases	O
into	O
15	O
-	O
16	O
nonstructural	O
proteins	B-CHED
,	O
most	O
of	O
them	O
being	O
involved	O
in	O
viral	O
RNA	B-PROC
synthesis	I-PROC
.	O

The	O
review	O
summarizes	O
our	O
current	O
knowledge	O
of	O
the	O
genome	O
and	O
proteome	O
of	O
feline	B-SPEC
coronaviruses	O
(	O
FCoVs	O
),	O
focusing	O
on	O
the	O
viral	O
surface	O
(	O
spike	O
)	O
protein	B-CHED
S	O
and	O
the	O
five	O
accessory	O
proteins	B-CHED
.	O

We	O
discuss	O
the	O
recent	O
progress	O
in	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
FCoV	O
reverse	O
genetics	O
systems	O
suitable	O
to	O
generate	O
recombinant	O
field	O
viruses	B-SPEC
containing	O
appropriate	O
mutations	O
for	O
in	O
vivo	O
studies	O
.	O

To	O
meet	O
these	O
requirements	O
,	O
vaccine	O
studies	O
need	O
to	O
provide	O
a	O
comprehensive	O
understanding	O
of	O
(	O
i	O
)	O
the	O
protective	O
roles	O
of	O
antiviral	B-CHED
B	O
and	O
T	B-ANAT
-	I-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
-	O
mediated	O
immune	B-PROC
responses	I-PROC
,	O
(	O
ii	O
)	O
the	O
complexity	O
and	O
plasticity	O
of	O
major	O
viral	O
antigens	B-CHED
,	O
and	O
(	O
iii	O
)	O
virus	B-SPEC
molecular	O
biology	O
and	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
primary	O
determinant	O
of	O
CoV	O
tropism	B-PROC
is	O
the	O
viral	O
spike	O
(	O
S	O
)	O
entry	O
protein	B-CHED
.	O

A	O
thorough	O
understanding	O
of	O
the	O
key	O
role	O
of	O
the	O
S	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
in	O
CoV	O
entry	O
is	O
critical	O
to	O
further	O
our	O
understanding	O
of	O
virus	B-SPEC
cross	O
-	O
species	B-SPEC
transmission	O
and	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
and	O
for	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
intervention	O
strategies	O
.	O

The	O
primary	O
functions	O
that	O
direct	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
RNA	B-PROC
synthesis	I-PROC
and	O
processing	O
reside	O
in	O
nonstructural	O
protein	B-CHED
(	O
nsp	O
)	O
7	O
to	O
nsp16	O
,	O
which	O
are	O
cleavage	B-PROC
products	O
of	O
two	O
large	B-PRGE
replicase	I-PRGE
polyproteins	I-PRGE
translated	O
from	O
the	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
genome	O
.	O

Understanding	O
the	O
structure	O
,	O
function	O
,	O
and	O
interactions	O
of	O
the	O
RNA	O
-	O
synthesizing	O
machinery	O
of	O
coronaviruses	O
will	O
be	O
key	O
to	O
rationalizing	O
their	O
evolutionary	O
success	O
and	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
improved	O
control	O
strategies	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
An	O
outbreak	O
of	O
Middle	O
East	O
Respiratory	O
Syndrome	B-DISO
(	O
MERS	O
)	O
due	O
to	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
in	O
Al	O
-	O
Ahssa	O
Region	O
,	O
Saudi	O
Arabia	O
,	O
2015	O
.	O

The	O
first	O
seven	O
cases	O
occurred	O
in	O
one	O
family	B-SPEC
;	O
these	O
were	O
followed	O
by	O
45	O
cases	O
in	O
three	O
public	O
hospitals	O
.	O

This	O
literature	O
review	O
was	O
therefore	O
conducted	O
to	O
describe	O
the	O
burden	O
of	O
epidemicand	O
pandemic	O
-	O
prone	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
infections	I-DISO
(	O
ARI	B-CHED
)	O
in	O
the	O
Region	O
which	O
may	O
help	O
in	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
evidence	O
-	O
based	O
disease	O
prevention	O
and	O
control	O
policies	O
.	O

Fifteen	O
patients	O
(	O
60	O
.	O
0	O
%)	O
developed	O
moderate	O
to	O
severe	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
),	O
and	O
14	O
(	O
56	O
%)	O
died	B-PROC
of	O
the	O
ARDS	B-DISO
or	O
multiorgan	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
.	O

Early	O
oseltamivir	B-CHED
treatment	O
was	O
associated	O
with	O
a	O
reduced	O
risk	O
of	O
developing	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
histopathology	O
of	O
lung	B-DISO
inflammation	I-DISO
and	O
remodeling	O
in	O
survivors	O
was	O
similar	O
in	O
Ctsl	O
-/-	O
and	O
Ctsl	O
+/+	O
mice	B-SPEC
,	O
although	O
Ctsl	O
+/+	O
mice	B-SPEC
cleared	O
immunoreactive	O
virus	B-SPEC
sooner	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Ovarian	B-DISO
hyperstimulation	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
OHSS	B-DISO
)	O
was	O
first	O
described	O
in	O
1960	O
.	O

It	O
may	O
occur	O
as	O
a	O
complication	B-DISO
of	O
gonadotropin	O
hormone	B-CHED
therapy	O
during	O
assisted	O
pregnancy	O
or	O
for	O
primary	B-DISO
infertility	I-DISO
.	O

She	O
was	O
found	O
to	O
have	O
edema	B-DISO
,	O
ascites	O
,	O
effusion	B-DISO
and	O
acute	O
kidney	B-ANAT
injury	O
(	O
AKI	O
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Prevalence	O
and	O
Risk	O
Factors	O
of	O
Respiratory	O
Viral	B-DISO
Infections	I-DISO
in	O
Exacerbations	O
of	O
Chronic	B-DISO
Obstructive	I-DISO
Pulmonary	I-DISO
Disease	I-DISO
.	O

A	O
total	O
of	O
278	O
episodes	O
of	O
COPD	B-DISO
exacerbations	O
were	O
recorded	O
in	O
213	O
patients	O
with	O
COPD	B-DISO
(	O
number	O
of	O
females	O
=	O
73	O
).	O

The	O
most	O
common	O
virus	B-SPEC
was	O
rhinovirus	B-SPEC
(	O
38	O
.	O
8	O
%),	O
followed	O
by	O
respiratory	B-SPEC
syncytial	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
,	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
,	O
influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
,	O
parainfluenza	B-DISO
,	O
adenovirus	B-DISO
and	O
metapneumovirus	B-SPEC
.	O

The	O
severity	O
of	O
COPD	B-DISO
exacerbations	O
were	O
not	O
different	O
between	O
positive	O
and	O
negative	O
viral	O
detections	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
coronavirus	O
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
is	O
a	O
novel	O
zoonotic	O
pathogen	O
.	O

In	O
2012	O
,	O
the	O
infectious	B-DISO
outbreak	O
caused	O
by	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
in	O
Saudi	O
Arabia	O
has	O
spread	O
to	O
more	O
than	O
1600	O
patients	O
in	O
26	O
countries	O
,	O
resulting	O
in	O
over	O
600	O
deaths	B-PROC
.	O

In	O
this	O
review	O
,	O
we	O
summarize	O
the	O
recent	O
findings	O
in	O
the	O
field	O
of	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
,	O
especially	O
its	O
molecular	O
virology	O
,	O
interspecies	O
mechanisms	O
,	O
clinical	O
features	O
,	O
antiviral	B-CHED
therapies	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
further	O
investigation	O
into	O
this	O
disease	O
.	O

Laboratory	O
testing	O
is	O
required	O
for	O
a	O
reliable	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
viral	O
respiratory	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
,	O
as	O
a	O
clinical	O
diagnosis	O
can	O
be	O
difficult	O
since	O
signs	B-DISO
and	I-DISO
symptoms	I-DISO
are	O
often	O
overlapping	O
and	O
not	O
specific	O
for	O
any	O
one	O
virus	B-SPEC
.	O

Adenovirus	B-DISO
was	O
the	O
most	O
common	O
virus	B-SPEC
detected	O
at	O
71	O
.	O
1	O
%.	O

We	O
found	O
that	O
the	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
spike	O
is	O
activated	O
by	O
lysosomal	B-PRGE
cysteine	B-CHED
proteases	I-PRGE
but	I-PRGE
not	I-PRGE
proprotein	I-PRGE
convertases	I-PRGE
or	I-PRGE
cell	B-COMP
surface	I-COMP
serine	B-CHED
proteases	I-PRGE
.	O

To	O
gain	O
insights	O
into	O
mechanisms	O
of	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
-	O
pAPN	O
interactions	O
,	O
the	O
present	O
study	O
aimed	O
at	O
identifying	O
the	O
domain	O
that	O
is	O
critical	O
for	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
binding	B-FUNC
.	O

The	O
mutants	O
were	O
;	O
domain	O
VII	O
deletion	O
mutant	B-DISO
and	O
domains	O
IV	O
-	O
VI	O
deletion	O
mutant	B-DISO
.	O

These	O
findings	O
are	O
important	O
for	O
therapeutic	O
development	B-PROC
as	O
well	O
as	O
creating	O
a	O
platform	O
for	O
future	O
studies	O
on	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
.	O

After	O
20	O
passages	O
in	O
HeLa	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
,	O
the	O
ability	O
of	O
the	O
isolate	O
to	O
use	O
cathepsin	B-PRGE
increased	O
so	O
that	O
it	O
was	O
equal	O
to	O
that	O
of	O
the	O
laboratory	O
strain	O
;	O
this	O
increase	O
was	O
caused	O
by	O
an	O
amino	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
substitution	O
(	O
I577S	O
)	O
in	O
the	O
S	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
.	O

The	O
passaged	O
virus	B-SPEC
showed	O
a	O
reduced	O
ability	O
to	O
replicate	O
in	O
differentiated	B-PROC
airway	B-ANAT
epithelial	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
cultured	O
at	O
an	O
air	B-CHED
-	O
liquid	O
interface	O
.	O

Human	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
229E	I-SPEC
(	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
229E	I-SPEC
)	O
utilizes	O
endosomal	O
cathepsin	B-PRGE
L	I-PRGE
to	O
activate	O
the	O
spike	O
protein	B-CHED
after	O
receptor	B-FUNC
binding	I-FUNC
.	O

Microproteinuria	B-DISO
has	O
been	O
associated	O
with	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
systemic	B-DISO
inflammatory	I-DISO
response	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
as	O
well	O
as	O
trauma	O
,	O
although	O
its	O
association	O
with	O
AP	O
is	O
not	O
well	O
understood	O
.	O

Urine	B-ANAT
samples	O
were	O
collected	O
upon	O
admission	O
,	O
12	O
-	O
24	O
h	O
after	O
admission	O
,	O
and	O
3	O
months	O
post	O
-	O
discharge	B-ANAT
for	O
calculation	O
of	O
urine	B-ANAT
α1	O
-	O
microglobulin	O
-,	O
albumin	B-PRGE
-,	O
IgG	B-PRGE
-,	O
and	O
IgM	B-PRGE
/	O
creatinine	B-CHED
ratios	O
.	O

The	O
α1	O
-	O
microglobulin	O
-,	O
albumin	B-PRGE
-,	O
and	O
IgG	B-PRGE
/	O
creatinine	B-CHED
ratios	O
correlated	O
with	O
high	O
-	O
sensitivity	O
C	O
-	O
reactive	O
protein	B-CHED
48	O
h	O
after	O
admission	O
(	O
r	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
47	O
-	O
0	O
.	O
61	O
,	O
p	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
001	O
for	O
all	O
).	O

The	O
α1	O
-	O
microglobulin	O
/	O
creatinine	B-CHED
ratio	O
upon	O
admission	O
predicted	O
organ	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
[	O
adjusted	O
odds	O
ratio	O
1	O
.	O
286	O
,	O
95	O
%	O
confidence	O
interval	O
(	O
CI	O
)	O
1	O
.	O
024	O
-	O
1	O
.	O
614	O
]	O
with	O
similar	O
accuracy	O
(	O
AUROC	O
0	O
.	O
81	O
,	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
0	O
.	O
69	O
-	O
0	O
.	O
94	O
)	O
as	O
the	O
more	O
complex	O
APACHE	O
II	O
score	O
(	O
AUROC	O
0	O
.	O
86	O
,	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
0	O
.	O
70	O
-	O
1	O
.	O
00	O
).	O

The	O
α1	O
-	O
microglobulin	O
/	O
creatinine	B-CHED
ratio	O
upon	O
presentation	O
with	O
AP	O
is	O
related	O
to	O
inflammation	B-DISO
and	O
predicts	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
organ	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Gastroenteritis	O
represents	O
with	O
respiratory	B-DISO
tract	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
the	O
most	O
common	O
infectious	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
syndrome	B-DISO
of	O
humans	B-SPEC
in	O
developing	O
countries	O
.	O

With	O
this	O
manuscript	O
,	O
we	O
want	O
to	O
explore	O
and	O
emphasize	O
the	O
critical	O
aspect	O
of	O
acute	B-DISO
gastroenteritis	I-DISO
in	O
Middle	O
-	O
East	O
Countries	O
and	O
its	O
correlation	O
with	O
the	O
clinical	O
aspect	O
of	O
gut	B-ANAT
microbiota	B-SPEC
modification	O
and	O
intestinal	B-ANAT
homeostasis	B-PROC
.	O

Approximately	O
1	O
of	O
50	O
children	O
born	O
each	O
year	O
in	O
developed	O
nations	O
is	O
hospitalized	O
for	O
acute	B-DISO
gastroenteritis	I-DISO
sometime	O
during	O
childhood	O
.	O

In	O
this	O
scenario	O
,	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
most	O
interesting	O
aspects	O
is	O
that	O
probiotics	O
and	O
gut	B-ANAT
microbiota	B-SPEC
modulation	O
could	O
deeply	O
improve	O
the	O
prevention	O
and	O
treatment	O
of	O
this	O
devastating	O
GI	O
pathology	B-DISO
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Approximately	O
1	O
of	O
50	O
children	O
born	O
each	O
year	O
in	O
developed	O
nations	O
is	O
hospitalized	O
for	O
acute	B-DISO
gastroenteritis	I-DISO
sometime	O
during	O
childhood	O
.	O

A	O
total	O
of	O
95	O
pythons	B-SPEC
,	O
84	O
boas	B-SPEC
and	O
22	O
snakes	B-SPEC
of	O
unknown	O
species	B-SPEC
were	O
included	O
in	O
the	O
study	O
.	O

Nidoviruses	B-SPEC
are	O
believed	O
to	O
be	O
an	O
important	O
cause	O
of	O
respiratory	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
in	O
pythons	B-SPEC
,	O
but	O
can	O
also	O
infect	O
boas	B-SPEC
.	O

Detection	O
of	O
these	O
viruses	B-SPEC
in	O
live	O
animals	B-SPEC
is	O
now	O
possible	O
and	O
can	O
be	O
of	O
interest	O
both	O
in	O
diseased	O
animals	B-SPEC
as	O
well	O
as	O
in	O
quarantine	O
situations	O
.	O

The	O
objective	O
of	O
our	O
study	O
was	O
to	O
evaluate	O
the	O
efficacy	O
of	O
hydrocortisone	B-CHED
treatment	O
in	O
sepsis	B-DISO
-	O
associated	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
treatment	O
group	O
had	O
significant	O
improvement	O
in	O
the	O
ratio	O
of	O
partial	B-PROC
pressure	I-PROC
of	I-PROC
oxygen	I-PROC
in	O
arterial	B-ANAT
blood	I-ANAT
to	O
fraction	O
of	O
inspired	B-PROC
oxygen	B-CHED
and	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
score	O
(	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
01	O
),	O
and	O
similar	O
timing	O
to	O
removal	O
of	O
vital	O
organ	B-ANAT
support	O
(	O
HR	O
0	O
.	O
74	O
,	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
0	O
.	O
51	O
-	O
1	O
.	O
07	O
;	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
107	O
).	O

In	O
this	O
review	O
we	O
summarize	O
recent	O
findings	O
on	O
the	O
molecular	O
evolution	B-PROC
of	O
HCoV	O
genomes	O
,	O
with	O
special	O
attention	O
to	O
recombination	B-PROC
and	O
adaptive	O
events	O
that	O
generated	O
new	O
viral	O
species	B-SPEC
and	O
contributed	O
to	O
host	B-COMP
shifts	O
and	O
to	O
HCoV	O
emergence	O
.	O

AIV	O
infection	B-DISO
of	O
macrophages	B-ANAT
was	O
required	O
to	O
activate	O
T	B-ANAT
lymphocytes	I-ANAT
and	O
prior	O
in	O
vivo	O
exposure	O
of	O
chickens	B-SPEC
to	O
NP	O
AIV	O
plasmid	O
enhanced	O
responses	O
to	O
infected	O
macrophages	B-ANAT
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Noninvasive	O
ventilation	O
(	O
NIV	O
)	O
is	O
commonly	O
used	O
to	O
prevent	O
endotracheal	O
intubation	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
distress	O
syndrome	O
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
).	O

Patients	O
with	O
hypoxemic	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
who	O
fail	O
an	O
NIV	O
trial	O
carry	O
a	O
worse	O
prognosis	O
as	O
compared	O
to	O
those	O
who	O
succeed	O
.	O

There	O
is	O
therefore	O
an	O
ongoing	O
debate	O
as	O
to	O
whether	O
and	O
which	O
ARDS	B-DISO
patients	O
are	O
good	O
candidates	O
to	O
an	O
NIV	O
trial	O
.	O

The	O
F	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
of	O
RSV	B-SPEC
was	O
detected	O
in	O
the	O
renal	B-ANAT
tissue	I-ANAT
by	O
indirect	O
immunofluorescence	O
.	O

At	O
a	O
higher	O
infection	B-DISO
dose	O
,	O
6	O
×	O
10	O

In	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
a	O
trimeric	O
protein	B-CHED
,	O
RBD	O
-	O
Fd	O
,	O
was	O
generated	O
by	O
fusing	O
RBD	O
with	O
foldon	O
trimerization	O
motif	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Noninvasive	O
ventilation	O
(	O
NIV	O
)	O
is	O
increasingly	O
used	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Etiology	O
of	O
Acute	B-DISO
Respiratory	I-DISO
Infections	I-DISO
in	O
Infants	O
:	O
A	O
Prospective	O
Birth	B-PROC
Cohort	O
Study	O
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
In	O
this	O
cohort	O
of	O
infants	O
,	O
ARI	B-CHED
incidence	O
was	O
1	O
.	O
8	O
episodes	O
per	O
year	O
per	O
infant	O
;	O
95	O
%	O
were	O
upper	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
tract	I-DISO
infections	I-DISO
.	O

The	O
results	O
of	O
our	O
study	O
are	O
consistent	O
with	O
available	O
,	O
yet	O
very	O
limited	O
,	O
published	O
data	O
regarding	O
the	O
potential	O
pathways	B-PROC
of	O
transmission	O
of	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
at	O
the	O
animal	B-SPEC
-	O
human	B-SPEC
interface	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Chest	B-ANAT
radiographic	O
manifestations	O
of	O
scrub	B-DISO
typhus	I-DISO
.	O

Details	O
and	O
radiographic	O
findings	O
were	O
noted	O
and	O
factors	O
associated	O
with	O
abnormal	O
X	O
-	O
rays	B-SPEC
were	O
analyzed	O
.	O

Common	O
presenting	O
complaints	O
included	O
fever	B-PROC
(	O
100	O
%),	O
generalized	O
myalgia	B-DISO
(	O
83	O
%),	O
headache	B-DISO
(	O
65	O
%),	O
dyspnea	B-DISO
(	O
54	O
%),	O
cough	B-DISO
(	O
24	O
.	O
3	O
%),	O
and	O
altered	O
sensorium	O
(	O
14	O
%).	O

Patients	O
with	O
an	O
abnormal	O
chest	B-ANAT
X	O
-	O
ray	B-SPEC
had	O
a	O
higher	O
requirement	O
of	O
noninvasive	O
ventilation	O
(	O
odds	O
ratio	O
[	O
OR	O
]:	O
13	O
.	O
98	O
;	O
95	O
%	O
confidence	O
interval	O
CI	O
:	O
5	O
.	O
89	O
-	O
33	O
.	O
16	O
),	O
invasive	O
ventilation	O
(	O
OR	O
:	O
18	O
.	O
07	O
;	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
:	O
6	O
.	O
42	O
-	O
50	O
.	O
88	O
),	O
inotropes	O
(	O
OR	O
:	O
8	O
.	O
76	O
;	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
:	O
4	O
.	O
35	O
-	O
17	O
.	O
62	O
),	O
higher	O
involvement	O
of	O
other	O
organ	B-ANAT
systems	I-ANAT
,	O
longer	O
duration	O
of	O
hospital	O
stay	O
(	O
3	O
.	O
18	O
±	O
3	O
vs	O
.	O
7	O
.	O
27	O
±	O
5	O
.	O
58	O
days	O
;	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
001	O
),	O
and	O
higher	O
mortality	O
(	O
OR	O
:	O
4	O
.	O
63	O
;	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
:	O
1	O
.	O
54	O
-	O
13	O
.	O
85	O
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Outcomes	O
in	O
Critically	B-DISO
Ill	I-DISO
Patients	O
with	O
Cancer	B-DISO
-	O
Related	O
Complications	O
.	O

Compared	O
to	O
those	O
without	O
cancer	B-DISO
-	O
related	O
complications	O
,	O
they	O
more	O
frequently	O
had	O
worse	O
performance	O
status	O
(	O
PS	O
)	O
(	O
57	O
%	O
vs	O
36	O
%	O
with	O
PS	O
≥	O
2	O
),	O
active	O
malignancy	B-DISO
(	O
95	O
%	O
vs	O
58	O
%),	O
need	O
for	O
vasopressors	O
(	O
45	O
%	O
vs	O
34	O
%),	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
(	O
70	O
%	O
vs	O
51	O
%)	O
and	O
dialysis	B-SPEC
(	O
12	O
%	O
vs	O
8	O
%)	O
(	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
001	O
for	O
all	O
analyses	O
).	O

Chemo	O
/	O
radiation	O
therapy	O
-	O
induced	O
toxicity	O
(	O
6	O
%),	O
venous	B-DISO
thromboembolism	I-DISO
(	O
5	O
%),	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
(	O
4	O
%),	O
gastrointestinal	O
involvement	O
(	O
3	O
%)	O
and	O
vena	B-DISO
cava	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
VCS	O
)	O
(	O
2	O
%)	O
were	O
the	O
most	O
frequent	O
cancer	B-DISO
-	O
related	O
complications	O
.	O

The	O
prognostic	O
impact	O
of	O
cancer	B-DISO
-	O
related	O
complications	O
was	O
variable	O
.	O

R	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
palmatum	I-SPEC
L	O
.	O
and	O
R	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
officinale	I-SPEC
Baill	O
.	O

Viral	O
DNA	O
production	O
and	O
time	O
of	O
addition	O
studies	O
showed	O
that	O
Sennoside	O
A	O
targets	O
the	O
HIV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
1	I-SPEC
reverse	B-PROC
transcription	I-PROC
process	I-PROC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Nur77	B-PRGE
attenuates	O
endothelin	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
expression	B-PROC
via	O
downregulation	B-PROC
of	O
NF	O
-	O
κB	O
and	O
p38	B-FUNC
MAPK	B-FUNC
in	O
A549	O
cells	B-ANAT
and	O
in	O
an	O
ARDS	B-DISO
rat	B-SPEC
model	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
is	O
characterized	O
by	O
inflammatory	O
injury	O
to	O
the	O
alveolar	B-ANAT
and	O
capillary	B-ANAT
barriers	O
that	O
results	O
in	O
impaired	B-DISO
gas	I-DISO
exchange	I-DISO
and	O
severe	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
.	O

LPS	B-DISO
-	O
induced	O
phosphorylation	B-PROC
and	O
nuclear	B-PROC
translocation	B-PROC
of	O
NF	O
-	O
κB	O
and	O
p38	B-FUNC
MAPK	B-FUNC
were	O
blocked	O
by	O
Nur77	B-PRGE
overexpression	B-PROC
and	O
augmented	O
by	O
Nur77	B-PRGE
knockdown	O
in	O
A549	O
cells	B-COMP
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Healthcare	O
settings	O
can	O
amplify	O
transmission	O
of	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
),	O
but	O
knowledge	O
gaps	O
about	O
the	O
epidemiology	O
of	O
transmission	O
remain	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Hemolytic	B-DISO
uremic	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
in	O
children	O
.	O

Typical	O
management	O
of	O
STEC	O
-	O
HUS	O
patients	O
relies	O
on	O
supportive	O
care	O
of	O
electrolyte	O
and	O
water	B-CHED
imbalance	B-DISO
,	O
anemia	B-DISO
,	O
hypertension	B-DISO
and	O
renal	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
.	O

Only	O
CPV	B-SPEC
and	O
CCoV	O
were	O
significantly	O
associated	O
with	O
diarrhoea	B-DISO
,	O
hEC	O
with	O
a	O
subset	O
of	O
puppies	O
that	O
had	O
diarrhoea	B-DISO
and	O
severe	O
clinical	O
signs	O
.	O

Puppies	O
from	O
high	O
-	O
volume	O
dog	B-SPEC
breeders	O
were	O
significantly	O
at	O
increased	O
risk	O
for	O
CPV	B-SPEC
(	O
OR	O
4	O
.	O
20	O
),	O
CCoV	O
(	O
OR	O
4	O
.	O
50	O
)	O
and	O
Cystoisospora	B-SPEC
spp	B-ENZY
.	O

One	O
of	O
the	O
more	O
serious	O
adverse	B-DISO
effects	I-DISO
includes	O
amiodarone	B-CHED
pulmonary	B-DISO
toxicity	I-DISO
(	O
APT	O
).	O

Physical	O
exam	O
found	O
bilateral	O
rhonchi	B-DISO
with	O
bibasilar	O
crackles	B-DISO
and	O
subcutaneous	B-DISO
emphysema	I-DISO
along	O
the	O
left	O
anterior	B-ANAT
chest	I-ANAT
wall	I-ANAT
.	O

A	O
chest	B-ANAT
high	O
-	O
resolution	O
computed	O
tomography	O
on	O
post	O
-	O
operative	O
day	O
3	O
showed	O
extensive	O
and	O
severe	O
bilateral	O
ground	O
glass	O
opacities	B-DISO
.	O

APT	B-PRGE
occurs	O
via	O
cytotoxic	B-ANAT
T	I-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
and	O
indirectly	O
by	O
immunological	O
reaction	O
.	O

Some	O
elements	O
require	O
consideration	O
:	O
a	O
baseline	O
pulmonary	B-PROC
function	I-PROC
test	O
(	O
PFT	B-CHED
)	O
did	O
not	O
exist	O
prior	O
.	O

Therefore	O
,	O
not	O
every	O
type	O
of	O
interstitial	B-DISO
lung	B-ANAT
disease	I-DISO
could	O
be	O
ruled	O
out	O
.	O

Key	O
features	O
support	O
a	O
clinical	O
diagnosis	O
:	O
(	O
1	O
)	O
new	O
dyspnea	B-DISO
,	O
(	O
2	O
)	O
exclusion	O
of	O
lung	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
,	O
(	O
3	O
)	O
exclusion	O
of	O
heart	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
,	O
(	O
4	O
)	O
new	O
radiographic	O
features	O
,	O
(	O
5	O
)	O
improvement	O
with	O
withdrawal	B-DISO
of	O
amiodarone	B-CHED
.	O

Thus	O
,	O
an	O
early	O
evaluation	O
of	O
structure	O
-	O
activity	O
relationships	O
(	O
SARs	B-DISO
)	O
can	O
mitigate	O
unforeseen	O
outcomes	O
within	O
a	O
series	O
of	O
multiple	O
compounds	O
,	O
although	O
there	O
have	O
been	O
very	O
few	O
examples	O
to	O
follow	O
such	O
a	O
policy	O
.	O

In	O
this	O
letter	O
,	O
a	O
novel	O
""""	O
head	B-ANAT
-	O
to	O
-	O
tail	O
""""	O
approach	O
to	O
discover	O
a	O
diverse	O
set	O
of	O
PI4KIIIα	O
inhibitors	B-CHED
is	O
reported	O
.	O

In	O
addition	O
,	O
when	O
dealing	O
with	O
organisms	O
that	O
are	O
not	O
obligately	O
sexually	O
reproducing	O
,	O
recombination	B-PROC
gives	O
insight	O
into	O
the	O
rate	O
at	O
which	O
distinct	O
genetic	O
lineages	O
come	O
into	O
contact	O
.	O

Recombination	B-PROC
in	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
implies	O
frequent	O
co	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
with	O
distinct	O
lineages	O
of	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
,	O
probably	O
in	O
camels	B-SPEC
given	O
the	O
current	O
understanding	O
of	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
epidemiology	O
.	O

We	O
examined	O
the	O
incubation	O
period	O
distribution	O
of	O
MERS	O
coronavirus	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
for	O
cases	O
in	O
South	O
Korea	O
and	O
in	O
Saudi	O
Arabia	O
.	O

Mycobacterial	O
liquid	O
culture	O
and	O
Xpert	O
MTB	B-COMP
/	O
RIF	O
was	O
performed	O
on	O
2	O
induced	O
sputa	O
obtained	O
from	O
each	O
participant	O
.	O

Using	O
quadratic	O
discriminant	O
analysis	O
,	O
human	B-SPEC
metapneumovirus	I-SPEC
,	O
C	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
pneumoniae	I-SPEC
,	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
043	O
,	O
influenza	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
C	O
virus	B-SPEC
,	O
rhinovirus	B-SPEC
and	O
cytomegalovirus	B-SPEC
best	O
discriminated	O
children	O
with	O
definite	O
-	O
TB	O
from	O
the	O
other	O
groups	O
of	O
children	O
.	O

Ventilation	O
with	O
low	O
tidal	O
volumes	O
and	O
pressure	O
limitation	O
at	O
30cmH	O
Demographic	O
data	O
,	O
risk	O
factors	O
and	O
severity	O
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
,	O
APACHE	O
II	O
and	O
SOFA	O
scores	O
,	O
daily	O
Lung	B-ANAT
Injury	O
Score	O
,	O
ventilatory	O
measurements	O
,	O
ICU	O
and	O
hospital	O
stay	O
,	O
organ	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
and	O
mortality	O
at	O
day	O
28	O
and	O
90	O
after	O
inclusion	O
.	O

Infection	B-DISO
prevention	O
practices	O
were	O
intensified	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Venovenous	O
extracorporeal	O
membrane	O
oxygenation	B-PROC
(	O
vv	O
-	O
ECMO	O
)	O
is	O
an	O
established	O
salvage	O
therapy	O
for	O
severe	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
,	O
and	O
may	O
provide	O
an	O
alternative	O
form	O
of	O
treatment	O
for	O
trauma	O
-	O
induced	O
adult	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
when	O
conventional	O
treatments	O
have	O
failed	O
.	O

Two	O
patients	O
treated	O
with	O
heparin	B-CHED
-	O
free	O
ECMO	O
developed	O
thromboembolic	O
complications	O
.	O

For	O
patients	O
with	O
a	O
moderate	O
risk	O
of	O
bleeding	B-DISO
,	O
use	O
of	O
a	O
heparin	B-CHED
infusion	O
keeping	O
an	O
ACT	O
target	O
shorter	O
than	O
150	O
seconds	O
can	O
be	O
appropriate	O
.	O

Performance	O
of	O
an	O
emergent	O
thoracotomy	O
,	O
blunt	O
mechanism	O
,	O
and	O
fresh	B-ANAT
frozen	I-ANAT
plasma	I-ANAT
administration	O
were	O
independently	O
associated	O
with	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
early	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
median	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
score	O
was	O
9	O
(	O
8	O
-	O
10	O
).	O

The	O
overall	O
median	O
CoV	O
and	O
regional	O
lung	B-ANAT
filling	O
characteristics	O
were	O
not	O
affected	O
by	O
NMB	O
,	O
indicating	O
no	O
ventilation	O
shift	O
toward	O
the	O
non	O
-	O
dependent	O
lung	B-ANAT
zones	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Middle	O
East	B-PRGE
Respiratory	I-PRGE
Coronavirus	I-PRGE
Accessory	I-PRGE
Protein	B-CHED
4a	I-PRGE
Inhibits	O
PKR	B-PRGE
-	O
Mediated	O
Antiviral	B-CHED
Stress	O
Responses	O
.	O

Here	O
,	O
we	O
show	O
that	O
cellular	O
infection	B-DISO
with	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
does	O
not	O
lead	O
to	O
the	O
formation	B-PROC
of	O
SGs	B-DISO
.	O

By	O
inserting	O
p4a	O
in	O
a	O
picornavirus	B-SPEC
lacking	O
its	O
natural	O
PKR	B-PRGE
antagonist	B-PROC
,	O
we	O
showed	O
that	O
p4a	O
exerts	B-PROC
PKR	B-PRGE
antagonistic	O
activity	O
also	O
under	O
infection	B-DISO
conditions	O
.	O

PEDV	B-SPEC
vaccines	O
are	O
available	O
in	O
Asia	O
and	O
Europe	O
,	O
and	O
conditionally	O
-	O
licensed	O
vaccines	O
recently	O
became	O
available	O
in	O
the	O
United	O
States	O
but	O
the	O
efficacies	O
of	O
these	O
vaccines	O
in	O
eliminating	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
from	O
swine	B-SPEC
populations	O
are	O
questionable	O
.	O

The	O
viral	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
have	O
been	O
reported	O
in	O
more	O
than	O
1700	O
humans	B-SPEC
,	O
ranging	O
from	O
asymptomatic	O
or	O
mild	O
cases	O
to	O
severe	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
with	O
a	O
mortality	O
rate	O
of	O
40	O
%.	O

It	O
is	O
well	O
documented	O
now	O
that	O
dromedary	B-SPEC
camels	B-SPEC
contract	O
the	O
infection	B-DISO
and	O
shed	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
without	O
notable	O
symptoms	O
,	O
and	O
such	O
animals	B-SPEC
had	O
been	O
infected	O
by	O
at	O
least	O
the	O
early	O
1980s	O
.	O

The	O
mechanism	O
of	O
camel	B-SPEC
to	O
human	B-SPEC
transmission	O
is	O
still	O
not	O
clear	O
,	O
but	O
several	O
primary	O
cases	O
have	O
been	O
associated	O
with	O
camel	B-SPEC
contact	O
.	O

Bacteria	B-SPEC
were	O
associated	O
with	O
almost	O
half	O
of	O
community	O
-	O
acquired	O
acute	B-DISO
bronchitis	I-DISO
cases	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Proteolytic	B-PROC
processing	I-PROC
of	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
spikes	O
expands	O
virus	B-SPEC
tropism	B-PROC
.	O

Consistent	O
with	O
these	O
findings	O
,	O
precleaved	O
MERS	O
viruses	B-SPEC
used	O
receptor	O
-	O
proximal	O
,	O
cell	B-COMP
-	O
surface	O
proteases	O
to	O
effect	O
the	O
second	O
fusion	O
-	O
activating	O
cleavages	O
during	O
cell	B-COMP
entry	O
,	O
whereas	O
the	O
more	O
rigid	B-DISO
uncleaved	O
MERS	O
viruses	B-SPEC
trafficked	B-PROC
past	O
these	O
cell	B-COMP
-	O
surface	O
proteases	O
and	O
into	O
endosomes	O
.	O

Nucleocapsid	B-COMP
(	O
N	O
)	O
protein	B-CHED
is	O
the	O
RNA	O
-	O
binding	B-FUNC
protein	B-CHED
of	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
,	O
which	O
plays	O
an	O
important	O
role	O
for	O
virus	B-SPEC
life	O
cycle	O
.	O

There	O
were	O
1	O
,	O
286	O
compounds	O
of	O
FDA	O
-	O
approved	O
drug	O
database	O
that	O
could	O
virtually	O
bind	B-FUNC
to	O
the	O
RNA	O
-	O
binding	B-FUNC
region	O
of	O
N	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
.	O

Arterivirus	B-SPEC
nonstructural	O
protein	B-CHED
11	O
(	O
nsp11	O
)	O
was	O
shown	O
to	O
have	O
NendoU	O
activity	O
and	O
play	O
essential	O
roles	O
in	O
the	O
viral	B-PROC
life	I-PROC
cycle	I-PROC
.	O

Here	O
,	O
we	O
report	O
three	O
crystal	B-ANAT
structures	O
of	O
porcine	B-SPEC
reproductive	I-SPEC
and	I-SPEC
respiratory	I-SPEC
syndrome	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
PRRSV	B-SPEC
)	O
and	O
equine	B-SPEC
arteritis	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
EAV	B-SPEC
)	O
nsp11	O
mutants	O
.	O

Although	O
the	O
NTD	O
is	O
nearly	O
identical	O
,	O
the	O
catalytic	O
region	O
of	O
the	O
arterivirus	B-PRGE
nsp11	I-PRGE
family	B-SPEC
proteins	B-CHED
is	O
remarkably	O
flexible	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
oligomerization	O
may	O
be	O
concentration	O
dependent	O
.	O

Due	O
to	O
the	O
lack	O
of	O
a	O
suitable	O
vaccine	O
or	O
effective	O
drug	O
treatment	O
and	O
the	O
quick	O
spread	O
of	O
these	O
viruses	B-SPEC
,	O
infected	O
animals	B-SPEC
either	O
die	O
quickly	O
or	O
must	O
be	O
culled	O
.	O

The	O
hydrophobic	O
groove	B-ANAT
of	O
the	O
human	B-SPEC
immunodeficiency	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
type	I-SPEC
1	I-SPEC
(	O
HIV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
1	I-SPEC
)	O
gp41	O
NHR	O
trimer	O
has	O
been	O
known	O
as	O
the	O
classic	O
drug	O
target	O
to	O
develop	O
fusion	O
inhibitors	B-CHED
derived	O
from	O
the	O
gp41	O
CHR	B-DISO
.	O

We	O
identified	O
a	O
shallow	O
pocket	O
adjacent	O
to	O
the	O
groove	B-ANAT
in	O
the	O
NHR	O
trimer	O
and	O
added	O
a	O
short	O
artificial	O
peptide	B-CHED
consisting	O
of	O
three	O
amino	B-CHED
acids	I-CHED
(	O
IDL	O
)	O
to	O
the	O
C	O
terminus	O
of	O
a	O
fusion	O
inhibitor	B-CHED
to	O
fit	B-DISO
this	O
new	O
target	O
.	O

Here	O
,	O
we	O
show	O
that	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
OC43	I-SPEC
harboring	O
two	O
point	B-PROC
mutations	I-PROC
in	O
the	O
spike	O
glycoprotein	B-CHED
(	O
rOC	O
/	O
U	O
Because	O
they	O
are	O
naturally	O
neuroinvasive	O
and	O
neurotropic	O
,	O
human	B-SPEC
coronaviruses	O
are	O
suspected	O
to	O
participate	O
in	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
neurological	O
diseases	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
binds	B-FUNC
to	O
cellular	B-COMP
receptor	O
dipeptidyl	B-PRGE
peptidase	I-PRGE
4	I-PRGE
(	O
DPP4	B-PRGE
)	O
via	O
the	O
spike	O
(	O
S	O
)	O
protein	B-CHED
receptor	O
-	O
binding	B-FUNC
domain	O
(	O
RBD	O
).	O

MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
was	O
first	O
identified	O
in	O
June	O
2012	O
and	O
has	O
since	O
spread	O
in	O
humans	B-SPEC
and	O
camels	B-SPEC
.	O

We	O
have	O
previously	O
described	O
a	O
mouse	B-SPEC
model	O
in	O
which	O
mDPP4	O
was	O
replaced	O
with	O
hDPP4	O
such	O
that	O
hDPP4	O
is	O
expressed	B-PROC
under	O
the	O
endogenous	O
mDPP4	O
promoter	O
.	O

Porcine	B-SPEC
circovirus	I-SPEC
2	I-SPEC
(	O
PCV2	O
)	O
is	O
an	O
essential	O
component	O
of	O
PCVAD	O
,	O
although	O
an	O
etiologic	O
role	O
in	O
PDNS	O
is	O
not	O
well	O
established	O
.	O

Here	O
,	O
a	O
novel	O
circovirus	B-SPEC
,	O
designated	O
porcine	B-SPEC
circovirus	I-SPEC
3	O
(	O
PCV3	O
),	O
was	O
identified	O
in	O
sows	O
that	O
died	B-PROC
acutely	O
with	O
PDNS	O
-	O
like	O
clinical	O
signs	O
.	O

Aborted	B-ANAT
fetuses	I-ANAT
from	O
sows	O
with	O
PDNS	O
contained	O
high	O
levels	O
of	O
PCV3	O
(	O
7	O
.	O
57	O
×	O
10	O
While	O
porcine	B-SPEC
circovirus	I-SPEC
2	I-SPEC
(	O
PCV2	B-SPEC
)	O
was	O
first	O
identified	O
in	O
sporadic	O
cases	O
of	O
postweaning	O
multisystemic	O
wasting	B-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
in	O
Canada	O
in	O
the	O
early	O
1990s	O
,	O
an	O
epidemic	O
of	O
severe	O
systemic	O
disease	O
due	O
to	O
PCV2	B-SPEC
spread	O
worldwide	O
in	O
the	O
ensuing	O
decade	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Health	O
evaluation	O
of	O
African	O
penguins	B-SPEC
(<	O
i	O
>	O
Spheniscus	B-SPEC
demersus	I-SPEC
</	O
i	O
>)	O
in	O
southern	O
Africa	O
.	O

Avoiding	O
regions	O
symptomatic	O
of	O
conformational	O
flexibility	O
such	O
as	O
disordered	O
sites	O
and	O
sites	O
with	O
nonconserved	O
secondary	O
structure	O
to	O
identify	O
potential	O
broad	O
-	O
specificity	O
antiviral	B-CHED
targets	O
,	O
only	O
one	O
sequence	O
motif	O
(	O
five	O
residues	O
or	O
longer	O
)	O
remains	O
from	O
the	O
>	O
10	O
,	O
000	O
starting	O
sites	O
across	O
all	O
coronaviruses	O
in	O
this	O
study	O
.	O

We	O
found	O
here	O
that	O
production	O
of	O
the	O
cytokine	B-PRGE
IL	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
15	I-PRGE
by	O
FRCs	B-PROC
was	O
essential	O
for	O
the	O
maintenance	O
of	O
group	O
1	O
innate	O
lymphoid	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
(	O
ILCs	O
)	O
in	O
Peyer	B-ANAT
'	I-ANAT
s	I-ANAT
patches	I-ANAT
and	O
mesenteric	B-ANAT
lymph	I-ANAT
nodes	I-ANAT
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
3C	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
like	I-PRGE
protease	I-PRGE
(	O
3CL	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Isolation	O
of	O
Coronavirus	B-SPEC
NL63	O
from	O
Blood	B-ANAT
from	O
Children	O
in	O
Rural	O
Haiti	O
:	O
Phylogenetic	O
Similarities	O
with	O
Recent	O
Isolates	O
from	O
Malaysia	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Human	O
coronavirus	O
(	O
HCoV	O
)	O
NL63	O
is	O
recognized	O
as	O
a	O
common	O
cause	O
of	O
upper	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
infections	I-DISO
and	O
influenza	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
like	I-DISO
illness	I-DISO
.	O

Our	O
data	O
highlight	O
the	O
variety	O
of	O
presentations	O
that	O
may	O
be	O
seen	O
with	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
NL63	I-SPEC
,	O
and	O
underscore	O
the	O
apparent	O
ease	O
with	O
which	O
CoV	O
strains	O
move	O
among	O
countries	O
,	O
with	O
our	O
data	O
consistent	O
with	O
recurrent	O
introduction	O
of	O
strains	O
into	O
the	O
Caribbean	O
(	O
Haiti	O
and	O
Florida	O
)	O
from	O
Asia	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
High	O
-	O
frequency	O
oscillatory	O
ventilation	O
is	O
an	O
effective	O
treatment	O
for	O
severe	O
pediatric	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
with	O
refractory	O
hypoxemia	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
the	O
rescue	O
effects	O
of	O
HFOV	O
on	O
severe	O
pediatric	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
PARDS	O
)	O
with	O
hypoxemia	O
refractory	O
to	O
conventional	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
(	O
CMV	B-SPEC
)	O
remain	O
unclear	O
.	O

Two	O
were	O
phylogenetically	O
similar	O
to	O
the	O
Circovirus	B-SPEC
genus	B-SPEC
,	O
whereas	O
the	O
other	O
four	O
nucleotide	B-CHED
fragments	O
showed	O
no	O
similarity	O
to	O
any	O
of	O
the	O
known	O
genera	O
within	O
the	O
family	O
Circoviridae	O
.	O

The	O
Mirasol	O
Pathogen	O
Reduction	O
Technology	O
System	O
uses	O
riboflavin	B-CHED
and	O
ultraviolet	O
(	O
UV	O
)	O
light	O
to	O
render	O
blood	B-ANAT
-	O
borne	O
pathogens	O
noninfectious	O
while	O
maintaining	O
blood	B-ANAT
product	O
quality	O
.	O

The	O
infectious	B-DISO
titers	O
of	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
in	O
the	O
samples	O
before	O
and	O
after	O
treatment	O
were	O
determined	O
by	O
plaque	B-DISO
assay	O
on	O
Vero	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
.	O

The	O
mean	O
log	O
reductions	O
in	O
the	O
viral	O
titers	O
were	O
≥	O
4	O
.	O
07	O
and	O
≥	O
4	O
.	O
42	O
for	O
the	O
pooled	O
and	O
individual	O
donor	B-CHED
plasma	B-ANAT
,	O
respectively	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Septic	O
porcine	B-SPEC
blood	B-ANAT
does	O
not	O
further	O
activate	O
coagulation	B-PROC
during	O
in	O
vitro	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenation	B-PROC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
For	O
patients	O
with	O
a	O
severe	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
),	O
extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenation	B-PROC
(	O
ECMO	O
)	O
represents	O
a	O
life	O
-	O
saving	O
measure	O
.	O

Frequently	O
,	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
ARDS	B-DISO
also	O
show	O
signs	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
sepsis	I-DISO
.	O

In	O
this	O
pilot	O
study	O
,	O
we	O
show	O
for	O
the	O
first	O
time	O
that	O
blood	B-ANAT
neutrophils	I-ANAT
from	O
patients	O
with	O
ARDS	B-DISO
can	O
express	O
GILZ	O
,	O
in	O
keeping	O
with	O
an	O
anti	O
-	O
inflammatory	O
and	O
regulatory	O
endogenous	O
role	O
of	O
GILZ	O
in	O
humans	B-SPEC
.	O

The	O
objective	O
of	O
this	O
study	O
was	O
to	O
compare	O
the	O
clinical	O
features	O
and	O
risk	O
factors	O
for	O
adverse	O
outcome	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
confirmed	O
MERS	O
and	O
in	O
those	O
with	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
who	O
were	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
negative	O
,	O
presenting	O
to	O
the	O
King	O
Fahad	O
Medical	O
City	O
(	O
KFMC	O
)	O
in	O
Riyadh	O
between	O
October	O
2012	O
and	O
May	O
2014	O
.	O

The	O
demographics	O
,	O
clinical	O
and	O
laboratory	O
characteristics	O
and	O
clinical	O
outcomes	O
of	O
patients	O
with	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
confirmed	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
infection	B-DISO
was	O
compared	O
with	O
those	O
testing	O
negative	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
PCR	O
.	O

This	O
article	O
focuses	O
on	O
the	O
epidemiology	O
,	O
transmission	O
,	O
and	O
control	O
of	O
health	O
care	O
-	O
associated	O
respiratory	O
viral	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
.	O

A	O
subset	O
of	O
calves	O
was	O
systematically	O
selected	O
for	O
fecal	B-ANAT
sampling	O
at	O
3	O
time	O
points	O
between	O
7	O
and	O
27d	O
of	O
age	O
.	O

Postweaning	O
body	B-ANAT
weight	O
and	O
carcass	O
grading	O
information	O
was	O
collected	O
from	O
the	O
veal	O
calves	O
at	O
slaughter	O
once	O
a	O
live	O
weight	O
between	O
300	O
and	O
350kg	O
had	O
been	O
achieved	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
A	O
comprehensive	O
systematic	O
review	O
of	O
healthcare	O
workers	O
'	O
perceptions	O
of	O
risk	O
from	O
exposure	O
to	O
emerging	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
infectious	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
and	O
the	O
perceived	O
effectiveness	O
of	O
strategies	O
used	O
to	O
facilitate	O
healthy	O
coping	O
in	O
acute	O
hospital	O
and	O
community	O
healthcare	O
settings	O
.	O

Organizational	O
implementation	O
of	O
infection	B-DISO
control	O
measures	O
;	O
avoidance	O
of	O
patients	O
;	O
and	O
complying	O
with	O
personal	O
protective	O
equipment	O
were	O
identified	O
as	O
risk	O
-	O
mitigating	O
strategies	O
.	O

PACUs	B-SPEC
were	O
excluded	O
because	O
there	O
are	O
aspects	O
of	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
visitors	O
to	O
these	O
units	O
that	O
are	O
very	O
specific	O
,	O
and	O
differ	O
from	O
the	O
general	O
visits	O
to	O
patients	O
who	O
are	O
not	O
in	O
the	O
immediate	O
post	O
-	O
operative	O
stage	O
.	O

Due	O
to	O
type	O
of	O
designs	O
and	O
quality	O
of	O
available	O
studies	O
,	O
it	O
was	O
not	O
possible	O
to	O
pool	O
quantitative	O
research	O
study	O
results	O
in	O
a	O
statistical	O
meta	B-SPEC
-	O
analysis	O
.	O

No	O
connection	O
was	O
found	O
between	O
liberal	O
visiting	O
hours	O
and	O
increased	O
infection	B-DISO
rates	O
.	O

The	O
metabolite	B-CHED
,	O
protein	B-CHED
,	O
and	O
lipid	B-CHED
extraction	O
(	O
MPLEx	O
)	O
protocol	O
proved	O
to	O
be	O
robust	O
and	O
applicable	O
to	O
a	O
diverse	O
set	O
of	O
sample	O
types	O
,	O
including	O
cell	B-COMP
cultures	O
,	O
microbial	O
communities	O
,	O
and	O
tissues	B-ANAT
.	O

Moreover	O
,	O
many	O
of	O
these	O
viruses	B-SPEC
are	O
select	O
agents	O
(	O
SAs	O
),	O
and	O
their	O
genomes	O
are	O
also	O
considered	O
SAs	O
.	O

For	O
this	O
reason	O
,	O
cDNAs	O
and	O
/	O
or	O
their	O
derivatives	O
must	O
be	O
tested	O
to	O
ensure	O
the	O
absence	O
of	O
infectious	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
and	O
/	O
or	O
viral	O
RNA	O
before	O
transfer	O
out	O
of	O
the	O
BSL	O
-	O
3	O
/	O
4	O
and	O
/	O
or	O
SA	O
laboratory	O
.	O

Here	O
,	O
we	O
present	O
a	O
sequence	O
-	O
independent	O
method	O
to	O
rapidly	O
amplify	O
viral	O
genomic	O
RNA	O
while	O
simultaneously	O
abolishing	O
both	O
viral	O
and	O
genomic	O
RNA	O
infectivity	O
across	O
multiple	O
single	O
-	O
stranded	O
positive	O
-	O
sense	B-PROC
RNA	O
(	O
ssRNA	O
+)	O
virus	B-SPEC
families	O
.	O

Our	O
barcoding	O
approach	O
allows	O
for	O
up	O
to	O
288	O
barcoded	O
samples	O
to	O
be	O
pooled	O
into	O
a	O
single	O
library	O
and	O
run	O
across	O
various	O
NGS	O
platforms	O
without	O
potential	O
reconstitution	O
of	O
the	O
viral	B-COMP
genome	I-COMP
.	O

Cytoplasmic	B-COMP
GLTSCR2	O
was	O
able	O
to	O
interact	O
with	O
retinoic	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
-	O
inducible	O
gene	B-PRGE
I	I-PRGE
(	O
RIG	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
I	I-PRGE
)	O
and	O
the	O
ubiquitin	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
specific	I-PRGE
protease	I-PRGE
15	I-PRGE
(	O
USP15	B-PRGE
),	O
and	O
the	O
triple	O
interaction	O
induced	O
USP15	B-PRGE
activity	O
to	O
remove	O
K63	O
-	O
linked	O
ubiquitination	B-PROC
of	O
RIG	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
I	I-PRGE
,	O
leading	O
to	O
attenuation	O
of	O
RIG	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
I	I-PRGE
and	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
β	I-PRGE
.	O

GLTSCR2	O
-	O
mediated	O
attenuation	O
of	O
RIG	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
I	I-PRGE
and	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
β	I-PRGE
led	O
to	O
alleviation	O
of	O
host	B-COMP
cell	I-COMP
innate	B-DISO
immune	I-DISO
response	I-DISO
to	O
viral	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
.	O

Two	O
-	O
tailed	B-ANAT

TITLE	O
:	O
Manipulating	O
the	O
air	B-CHED
-	O
filled	O
zebrafish	B-SPEC
swim	O
bladder	B-ANAT
as	O
a	O
neutrophilic	B-PROC
inflammation	B-DISO
model	O
for	O
acute	O
lung	O
injury	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
(	O
ALI	O
)	O
and	O
its	O
more	O
severe	O
form	O
,	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
),	O
are	O
life	O
-	O
threatening	O
diseases	O
that	O
are	O
associated	O
with	O
high	O
mortality	O
rates	O
due	O
to	O
treatment	O
limitations	O
.	O

We	O
performed	O
a	O
retrospective	O
observational	O
study	O
of	O
adults	O
hospitalized	O
during	O
the	O
2014	O
season	O
with	O
influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
(	O
H1N1	O
)	O
or	O
A	O
(	O
H3N2	B-CHED
).	O

A	O
(	O
H1N1	O
)	O
patients	O
were	O
younger	O
(	O
p	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
01	O
),	O
developed	O
more	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
(	O
p	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
01	O
),	O
respiratory	B-DISO
complications	I-DISO
(	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
015	O
),	O
ARDS	B-DISO
(	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
047	O
),	O
and	O
septic	B-DISO
shock	I-DISO
(	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
049	O
),	O
were	O
more	O
frequently	O
admitted	O
to	O
the	O
ICU	O
(	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
022	O
),	O
required	O
IMV	O
(	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
049	O
),	O
and	O
were	O
less	O
frequently	O
vaccinated	O
(	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
008	O
).	O

The	O
genome	O
is	O
closely	O
related	O
to	O
the	O
other	O
OC43	O
genome	O
sequences	O
available	O
,	O
ranging	O
from	O
99	O
.	O
8	O
%	O
to	O
98	O
.	O
2	O
%	O
nucleotide	B-CHED
sequence	O
identity	O
.	O

Mechanisms	O
for	O
its	O
development	B-PROC
have	O
focused	O
on	O
immune	O
mediated	O
causes	O
,	O
aspects	O
of	O
our	O
understanding	O
are	O
not	O
complete	O
,	O
and	O
we	O
lack	O
biomarkers	O
.	O

Samples	O
were	O
then	O
collected	O
on	O
the	O
third	O
day	O
after	O
the	O
animals	B-SPEC
were	O
euthanized	O
.	O

While	O
postponing	O
the	O
response	O
to	O
treatment	O
,	O
to	O
limit	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
side	O
effects	O
,	O
extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygene	B-CHED
can	O
be	O
proposed	O
.	O

ECCO	O
This	O
observation	O
presents	O
the	O
diagnostic	O
and	O
therapeutic	O
difficulties	O
of	O
the	O
lung	B-ANAT
parenchymental	O
disease	O
in	O
intensive	O
care	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Characterization	O
of	O
canine	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
spread	O
among	O
domestic	O
dogs	B-SPEC
in	O
Vietnam	O
.	O

To	O
detect	O
genes	O
of	O
CCoV	O
,	O
fecal	B-ANAT
samples	O
collected	O
from	O
30	O
diarrheic	O
and	O
50	O
healthy	O
dogs	B-SPEC
were	O
examinated	O
by	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
,	O
confirming	O
that	O
2	O
diarrheic	O
dogs	B-SPEC
and	O
5	O
healthy	O
dogs	B-SPEC
were	O
positive	O
for	O
CCoV	O
.	O
Nucleotide	B-CHED
sequences	O
of	O
N	O
-	O
terminal	O
region	O
of	O
spike	O
(	O
S	O
)	O
gene	O
indicated	O
that	O
CCoV	O
strains	O
were	O
divided	O
into	O
two	O
subgenotypes	O
,	O
CCoV	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
IIa	I-PRGE
and	O
-	O
IIb	O
,	O
respectively	O
.	O

Extracorporeal	O
gas	B-ENZY
exchange	O
is	O
an	O
accepted	O
rescue	O
therapy	O
for	O
severe	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
in	O
select	O
patients	O
.	O

The	O
non	O
-	O
ARDS	B-DISO
patient	O
population	O
is	O
much	O
larger	O
,	O
so	O
the	O
potential	O
for	O
rapid	O
growth	B-PROC
is	O
high	O
.	O

A	O
67	O
-	O
year	O
-	O
old	O
man	B-CHED
with	O
a	O
normal	O
platelet	B-ANAT
count	O
(	O
220	O
K	O
/	O
uL	O
)	O
developed	O
atrial	B-DISO
fibrillation	I-DISO
,	O
left	B-DISO
bundle	I-DISO
branch	I-DISO
block	I-DISO
,	O
and	O
respiratory	B-DISO
insufficiency	I-DISO
consistent	O
with	O
acute	B-DISO
coronary	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
two	O
days	O
after	O
colectomy	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
This	O
meta	O
-	O
analysis	O
synthesized	O
current	O
evidence	O
from	O
10	O
trials	O
to	O
evaluate	O
the	O
association	O
between	O
steroid	B-CHED
therapy	O
and	O
osteonecrosis	B-DISO
incidence	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
).	O

Previous	O
studies	O
have	O
shown	O
that	O
celastrol	B-CHED
exhibits	O
antiviral	B-CHED
activity	O
against	O
HIV	B-DISO
and	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
.	O
To	O
date	O
,	O
no	O
investigations	O
of	O
the	O
anti	O
-	O
DENV	O
activity	O
of	O
celastrol	B-CHED
have	O
been	O
reported	O
.	O

A	O
four	O
-	O
serotype	O
DENV	O
infection	B-DISO
system	O
was	O
performed	O
to	O
determine	O
the	O
anti	O
-	O
DENV	O
effect	O
of	O
celastrol	B-CHED
by	O
detecting	O
DENV	O
RNA	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
and	O
protein	B-PROC
synthesis	I-PROC
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Celastrol	B-CHED
inhibited	O
DENV	O
-	O
1	O
,	O
-	O
2	O
,	O
-	O
3	O
,	O
and	O
-	O
4	O
RNA	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
with	O
EC	O
CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
Celastrol	B-CHED
represents	O
a	O
potential	O
anti	O
-	O
DENV	O
agent	O
that	O
induces	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
α	I-PRGE
expression	B-PROC
and	O
stimulates	O
a	O
downstream	O
antiviral	B-PROC
response	I-PROC
,	O
making	O
the	O
therapy	O
a	O
promising	O
drug	O
or	O
dietary	B-CHED
supplement	I-CHED
for	O
the	O
treatment	O
of	O
DENV	O
-	O
infected	O
patients	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
membrane	B-COMP
(	O
M	O
)	O
protein	B-CHED
is	O
the	O
most	O
abundant	O
component	O
of	O
the	O
porcine	B-DISO
transmissible	I-DISO
gastroenteritis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
)	O
particle	O
.	O

To	O
exploit	O
the	O
possibility	O
of	O
using	O
RNA	B-PROC
interference	I-PROC
(	O
RNAi	B-PROC
)	O
as	O
a	O
strategy	O
against	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
,	O
three	O
plasmids	O
(	O
pRNAT	O
-	O
1	O
,	O
pRNAT	O
-	O
2	O
,	O
and	O
pRNAT	O
-	O
3	O
)	O
expressing	O
short	O
hairpin	O
RNAs	O
were	O
designed	O
to	O
target	O
three	O
different	O
coding	O
regions	O
of	O
the	O
M	B-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
of	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Lung	B-ANAT
protective	O
ventilation	O
has	O
not	O
been	O
evaluated	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
brain	B-ANAT
injury	O
.	O

For	O
every	O
centimeter	O
H	O
Our	O
results	O
suggest	O
that	O
PEEP	B-CHED
can	O
be	O
applied	O
safely	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
acute	O
brain	B-ANAT
injury	O
as	O
it	O
does	O
not	O
have	O
a	O
clinically	O
significant	O
effect	O
on	O
ICP	B-DISO
or	O
CPP	O
.	O

METHODS	O
:	O
Retrospective	O
data	O
were	O
collected	O
from	O
341	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
acute	O
brain	B-ANAT
injury	O
admitted	O
to	O
the	O
ICU	O
between	O
2008	O
and	O
2015	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
In	O
the	O
adjusted	O
analysis	O
,	O
a	O
statistically	O
significant	O
relationship	O
between	O
PEEP	B-CHED
and	O
ICP	B-DISO
and	O
PEEP	B-CHED
and	O
CPP	O
was	O
found	O
only	O
among	O
observations	O
occurring	O
during	O
periods	B-PROC
of	O
severe	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
.	O

For	O
every	O
centimeter	O
H	O
CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
Our	O
results	O
suggest	O
that	O
PEEP	B-CHED
can	O
be	O
applied	O
safely	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
acute	O
brain	B-ANAT
injury	O
as	O
it	O
does	O
not	O
have	O
a	O
clinically	O
significant	O
effect	O
on	O
ICP	B-DISO
or	O
CPP	O
.	O

Swallowing	B-DISO
disorders	I-DISO
and	O
respiratory	O
muscular	B-DISO
weakness	I-DISO
quickly	O
required	O
invasive	O
ventilation	O
.	O

There	O
has	O
been	O
no	O
evidence	O
of	O
viral	B-PROC
transmission	I-PROC
following	O
the	O
implantation	B-PROC
of	O
these	O
same	O
encapsulated	O
and	O
functional	O
porcine	B-SPEC
islets	O
into	O
non	O
-	O
immunosuppressed	O
diabetic	O
cynomolgus	O
macaques	B-SPEC
for	O
up	O
to	O
4	O
years	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Of	O
1207	O
monthly	O
samples	O
taken	O
from	O
random	O
animals	B-SPEC
over	O
a	O
2	O
-	O
year	O
period	O
,	O
only	O
a	O
single	O
positive	O
result	O
for	O
Transmissible	O
gastroenteritis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
was	O
observed	O
,	O
demonstrating	O
the	O
high	O
level	O
of	O
biosecurity	O
maintained	O
in	O
the	O
source	O
herd	O
.	O

Some	O
outbreaks	O
of	O
which	O
(	O
eg	O
,	O
SARS	B-DISO
and	O
MERS	O
CoVs	O
)	O
caused	O
the	O
mortality	O
of	O
hundreds	O
of	O
people	O
worldwide	O
.	O

Both	O
QSAR	O
and	O
molecular	O
docking	B-PROC
showed	O
that	O
IDX	O
-	O
184	O
is	O
superior	O
compared	O
to	O
Ribavirin	B-CHED
against	O
MERS	O
CoV	O
,	O
a	O
result	O
that	O
was	O
also	O
reported	O
for	O
HCV	B-SPEC
.	O

Chest	B-ANAT
radiographs	O
showed	O
newly	O
developed	O
consolidative	O
opacity	B-DISO
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Influenza	B-SPEC
A	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
accounted	O
for	O
half	O
the	O
isolated	O
viruses	B-SPEC
,	O
especially	O
subtype	O
A	O
(	O
H1N1	O
)	O
pdm09	O
among	O
patients	O
aged	O
20	O
-	O
59	O
years	O
old	O
,	O
and	O
subtype	O
A	O
(	O
H3N2	B-CHED
)	O
in	O
those	O
aged	O
60	O
or	O
over	O
;	O
the	O
most	O
frequently	O
identified	O
respiratory	O
virus	B-SPEC
among	O
children	O
under	O
five	O
years	O
old	O
was	O
respiratory	B-SPEC
syncytial	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
65	O
.	O
6	O
%),	O
followed	O
by	O
influenza	B-SPEC
A	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
21	O
.	O
2	O
%);	O
influenza	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
circulated	O
in	O
all	O
seasons	O
of	O
the	O
year	O
and	O
its	O
periods	B-PROC
of	O
greatest	O
incidence	O
were	O
interspersed	O
with	O
those	O
of	O
higher	O
Respiratory	B-SPEC
Syncytial	I-SPEC
Virus	I-SPEC
activity	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Acute	B-DISO
Pancreatitis	I-DISO
Complicated	O
with	O
Diabetic	B-DISO
Ketoacidosis	I-DISO
in	O
a	O
Young	O
Adult	O
without	O
Hypertriglyceridemia	O
:	O
A	O
Case	O
Report	O
.	O

Finally	O
,	O
the	O
patient	O
was	O
diagnosed	O
with	O
acute	B-DISO
pancreatitis	I-DISO
complicated	O
with	O
diabetic	B-DISO
ketoacidosis	I-DISO
unrelated	O
to	O
hypertriglyceridemia	O
.	O

Following	O
primary	O
or	O
secondary	O
inoculation	O
,	O
3	O
-	O
10	O
pigs	B-SPEC
were	O
euthanized	O
at	O
days	O
post	O
-	O
inoculation	O
(	O
dpi	O
)	O
1	O
,	O
2	O
,	O
3	O
,	O
7	O
or	O
14	O
.	O

Typical	O
severe	O
atrophic	B-DISO
enteritis	B-DISO
of	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
was	O
observed	O
at	O
dpi	O
3	O
in	O
both	O
age	O
groups	O
,	O
and	O
at	O
dpi	O
4	O
and	O
14	O
fecal	B-ANAT
shedding	O
patterns	O
were	O
also	O
similar	O
.	O

The	O
most	O
common	O
source	O
of	O
infection	B-DISO
was	O
household	O
contact	O
(	O
10	O
of	O
15	O
with	O
reported	O
source	O
)	O
and	O
5	O
patients	O
acquired	O
infection	B-DISO
within	O
a	O
health	O
care	O
facility	O
.	O

Using	O
real	O
time	O
reverse	B-ENZY
transcriptase	I-ENZY
polymerase	O
chain	O
reaction	O
of	O
pediatric	O
patients	O
revealed	O
that	O
9	O
out	O
of	O
552	O
(	O
1	O
.	O
6	O
%)	O
was	O
positive	O
in	O
the	O
Kingdom	B-SPEC
of	O
Saudi	O
Arabia	O
.	O

The	O
PaO	B-PROC
This	O
study	O
investigated	O
the	O
usefulness	O
of	O
the	O
PiCCO	O
system	O
in	O
improving	O
outcomes	O
for	O
patient	O
with	O
severe	O
thoracic	B-DISO
trauma	O
and	O
ARDS	B-DISO
and	O
provided	O
new	O
evidence	O
for	O
fluid	O
management	O
in	O
critical	O
care	O
settings	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Human	B-SPEC
Coronavirus	I-SPEC
in	O
the	O
2014	O
Winter	O
Season	O
as	O
a	O
Cause	O
of	O
Lower	B-DISO
Respiratory	I-DISO
Tract	I-DISO
Infection	I-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Introduction	O
of	O
neutralizing	O
immunogenicity	O
index	O
to	O
the	O
rational	O
design	O
of	O
MERS	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
subunit	O
vaccines	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Viral	O
subunit	O
vaccines	O
often	O
contain	O
immunodominant	O
non	O
-	O
neutralizing	O
epitopes	O
that	O
divert	O
host	O
immune	B-PROC
responses	I-PROC
.	O

To	O
determine	O
the	O
NII	O
,	O
we	O
mask	O
the	O
epitope	B-CHED
with	O
a	O
glycan	B-CHED
probe	O
and	O
then	O
assess	O
the	O
epitope	B-CHED
'	O
s	O
contribution	O
to	O
the	O
vaccine	O
'	O
s	O
overall	O
neutralizing	O
immunogenicity	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
CHARGE	O
(	O
coloboma	O
,	O
heart	B-DISO
defect	I-DISO
,	O
atresia	B-DISO
choanae	B-ANAT
,	O
retarded	B-DISO
growth	I-DISO
and	O
development	B-PROC
,	O
genital	B-ANAT
hypoplasia	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
ear	B-DISO
anomalies	I-DISO
/	O
deafness	B-DISO
)	O
syndrome	B-DISO
is	O
a	O
rare	O
genetic	B-DISO
disorder	I-DISO
caused	O
by	O
CHD7	B-PRGE
mutation	I-PRGE
and	O
is	O
related	O
to	O
immunodeficiency	B-DISO
.	O

Disseminated	B-DISO
BCG	I-DISO
infection	B-DISO
did	O
not	O
resolve	O
despite	O
administration	O
of	O
anti	O
-	O
tuberculosis	B-PATH
drugs	O
and	O
intravenous	O
immune	O
globulins	O
,	O
and	O
she	O
subsequently	O
died	B-PROC
of	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

Successful	O
VV	O
-	O
ECMO	O
treatment	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
extremely	O
severe	O
influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
(	O
H1N1	O
)-	O
associated	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
and	O
positive	O
results	O
of	O
the	O
CESAR	O
trial	O
have	O
led	O
to	O
an	O
exponential	O
use	O
of	O
the	O
technology	O
in	O
recent	O
years	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Identification	O
of	O
an	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
strain	O
exhibiting	O
a	O
classical	O
genotype	O
but	O
altered	O
antigenicity	O
,	O
pathogenicity	O
,	O
and	O
innate	O
immunity	O
profile	O
.	O

Sequence	O
analyses	O
revealed	O
that	O
3575	O
/	O
08	O
and	O
2575	O
/	O
98	O
shared	O
high	O
homology	O
in	O
their	O
structural	O
genes	O
,	O
but	O
not	O
in	O
non	O
-	O
structural	O
accessory	O
proteins	B-CHED
such	O
as	O
3a	O
,	O
3b	O
and	O
5b	O
.	O

Animal	B-SPEC
challenge	O
experiments	O
exhibited	O
strong	O
respiratory	O
and	O
renal	O
pathogenicity	O
for	O
3575	O
/	O
08	O
.	O

We	O
conclude	O
that	O
AEN	O
should	O
be	O
suspected	O
in	O
any	O
patient	O
with	O
haematemesis	B-DISO
and	O
substance	B-DISO
abuse	I-DISO
,	O
and	O
discovery	O
of	O
AEN	O
should	O
prompt	O
a	O
thorough	O
evaluation	O
for	O
potentially	O
lethal	O
comorbid	O
conditions	O
.	O

Conversely	O
,	O
exposure	O
to	O
CIH	O
in	O
early	O
life	O
,	O
results	O
in	O
upper	O
airway	B-ANAT
muscle	B-DISO
weakness	I-DISO
equivalent	O
between	O
the	O
two	O
sexes	O
at	O
3	O
and	O
6	O
weeks	O
of	O
age	O
.	O

Ovariectomy	O
exacerbates	O
the	O
deleterious	O
effects	O
of	O
exposure	O
to	O
CIH	O
in	O
adult	O
female	O
upper	O
airway	B-ANAT
muscle	B-ANAT
,	O
an	O
effect	O
partially	O
restored	O
by	O
oestrogen	B-CHED
replacement	O
therapy	O
.	O

Intriguingly	O
,	O
female	O
advantage	O
intrinsic	O
to	O
upper	O
airway	B-ANAT
muscle	B-ANAT
exists	O
with	O
evidence	O
of	O
substantially	O
greater	O
loss	O
of	O
performance	O
in	O
male	O
muscle	B-ANAT
during	O
acute	O
exposure	O
to	O
severe	O
hypoxic	B-DISO
stress	O
.	O

Influenza	B-DISO
B	O
infections	B-DISO
accounted	O
for	O
the	O
greatest	O
burden	O
of	O
absenteeism	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
A	O
Melting	O
Curve	O
-	O
Based	O
Multiplex	O
RT	O
-	O
qPCR	O
Assay	O
for	O
Simultaneous	O
Detection	O
of	O
Four	O
Human	B-SPEC
Coronaviruses	O
.	O

The	O
detection	O
sensitivity	O
of	O
the	O
assay	O
was	O
3	O
×	O
10²	O
copies	O
for	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
OC43	I-SPEC
,	O
and	O
3	O
×	O
10¹	O
copies	O
for	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
NL63	I-SPEC
,	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
229E	I-SPEC
and	O
HCoV	O
-	O
HKU1	O
per	O
30	O
μL	O
reaction	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Detection	O
and	O
phylogenetic	O
analysis	O
of	O
porcine	B-SPEC
epidemic	I-SPEC
diarrhea	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
in	O
central	O
China	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
ORF3	O
gene	O
and	O
the	O
S1	O
gene	O
.	O

To	O
investigate	O
further	O
the	O
infectivity	O
,	O
genetic	O
diversity	O
and	O
molecular	O
epidemiology	O
of	O
its	O
causative	O
agent	O
,	O
the	O
porcine	B-SPEC
epidemic	I-SPEC
diarrhea	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
),	O
we	O
assessed	O
129	O
clinical	O
samples	O
,	O
which	O
were	O
the	O
intestinal	B-ANAT
tissue	B-ANAT
of	O
piglets	O
with	O
severe	B-DISO
diarrhea	I-DISO
,	O
from	O
17	O
cities	O
in	O
central	O
China	O
.	O

Both	O
the	O
spike	B-PRGE
(	I-PRGE
S	I-PRGE
)	I-PRGE
glycoprotein	I-PRGE
(	O
S1	O
,	O
1	O
-	O
789	O
amino	B-CHED
acids	I-CHED
(	O
aa	O
))	O
and	O
the	O
full	O
-	O
length	O
ORF3	O
gene	O
of	O
21	O
representative	O
field	O
strains	O
from	O
21	O
farms	O
in	O
11	O
cities	O
were	O
sequenced	O
and	O
analysed	O
.	O

Effects	O
of	O
adiposity	B-DISO
on	O
acute	B-DISO
asthma	I-DISO
remain	O
uncertain	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Viral	B-ANAT
membrane	B-PROC
fusion	I-PROC
is	O
an	O
orchestrated	O
process	O
triggered	O
by	O
membrane	B-COMP
-	O
anchored	O
viral	O
fusion	O
glycoproteins	B-CHED
.	O

The	O
S2	O
subunit	O
of	O
the	O
spike	O
glycoprotein	B-CHED
from	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
CoV	O
)	O
contains	O
internal	O
domains	O
called	O
fusion	O
peptides	B-CHED
(	O
FP	O
)	O
that	O
play	O
essential	O
roles	O
in	O
virus	B-SPEC
entry	O
.	O

Here	O
we	O
employed	O
differential	O
scanning	O
calorimetry	O
(	O
DSC	O
)	O
and	O
electron	O
spin	O
resonance	O
(	O
ESR	O
)	O
to	O
gather	O
information	O
on	O
the	O
membrane	B-PROC
fusion	I-PROC
mechanism	O
promoted	O
by	O
two	O
putative	O
SARS	B-DISO
FPs	B-FUNC
.	O

Although	O
myriads	O
of	O
diagnostic	O
methods	O
based	O
on	O
RNA	O
amplification	B-DISO
have	O
been	O
developed	O
in	O
the	O
last	O
decades	O
,	O
they	O
continue	O
to	O
lack	O
speed	O
,	O
sensitivity	O
,	O
and	O
specificity	O
for	O
clinical	O
use	O
.	O

In	O
this	O
prospective	O
study	O
,	O
45	O
patients	O
with	O
ARDS	B-DISO
were	O
included	O
for	O
the	O
assessment	O
of	O
PPP	B-DISO
.	O

Monthly	O
incidence	O
in	O
TW	O
was	O
respectively	O
27	O
.	O
9	O
%	O
(	O
EHV	O
-	O
5	O
),	O
24	O
.	O
8	O
%	O
(	O
EHV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
2	I-SPEC
),	O
7	O
.	O
1	O
%	O
(	O
ERBV	O
),	O
3	O
.	O
8	O
%	O
(	O
EHV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
4	I-SPEC
),	O
1	O
.	O
9	O
%	O
(	O
EAdV1	O
)	O
and	O
0	O
.	O
2	O
%	O
(	O
EHV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
1	I-SPEC
;	O
ERAV	B-SPEC
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
The	O
recombinant	O
N	O
-	O
terminal	O
domain	O
of	O
spike	O
proteins	B-CHED
is	O
a	O
potential	O
vaccine	O
against	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

Additionally	O
,	O
according	O
to	O
the	O
enzyme	O
-	O
linked	O
immunospot	O
,	O
intracellular	B-COMP
cytokine	O
staining	O
,	O
and	O
cytometric	O
bead	O
array	O
assays	O
,	O
significant	O
and	O
functional	O
T	B-ANAT
-	I-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
immunity	B-PROC
was	O
induced	O
by	O
10μg	O
of	O
the	O
rNTD	O
vaccination	O
with	O
aluminum	B-CHED
and	O
CpG	O
adjuvant	B-CHED
.	O

These	O
data	O
show	O
that	O
rNTD	O
induced	O
potent	O
cellular	B-PROC
immunity	I-PROC
and	O
antigen	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
specific	I-PRGE
neutralizing	I-PRGE
antibodies	B-COMP
in	O
mice	B-SPEC
and	O
that	O
it	O
demonstrated	O
protective	O
capacity	O
against	O
a	O
viral	O
challenge	O
,	O
indicating	O
that	O
rNTD	O
is	O
a	O
vaccine	O
candidate	O
against	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Virus	B-SPEC
Variation	O
Resource	O
-	O
improved	O
response	O
to	O
emergent	O
viral	O
outbreaks	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
Virus	B-SPEC
Variation	O
Resource	O
is	O
a	O
value	O
-	O
added	O
viral	O
sequence	O
data	O
resource	O
hosted	O
by	O
the	O
National	O
Center	O
for	O
Biotechnology	O
Information	O
.	O

These	O
processes	O
in	O
turn	O
support	O
a	O
purpose	O
-	O
built	O
search	O
interface	O
where	O
users	O
can	O
select	O
sequences	O
based	O
on	O
standardized	O
gene	O
,	O
protein	B-CHED
and	O
metadata	O
terms	O
.	O

Deep	O
-	O
sequencing	O
analysis	O
of	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
genomes	O
performed	O
on	O
specimens	O
from	O
eight	O
patients	O
revealed	O
significant	O
intrapatient	O
variation	O
;	O
therefore	O
,	O
sequence	O
heterogeneity	O
was	O
further	O
analyzed	O
using	O
targeted	B-PROC
deep	O
sequencing	O
.	O

To	O
determine	O
whether	O
other	O
animals	B-SPEC
are	O
potential	O
reservoirs	O
,	O
we	O
inoculated	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
into	O
llamas	B-SPEC
,	O
pigs	B-SPEC
,	O
sheep	B-SPEC
,	O
and	O
horses	B-SPEC
and	O
collected	O
nasal	B-ANAT
and	O
rectal	B-ANAT
swab	I-ANAT
samples	O
at	O
various	O
times	O
.	O

The	O
presence	O
of	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
in	O
the	O
nose	B-ANAT
of	O
pigs	B-SPEC
and	O
llamas	B-SPEC
was	O
confirmed	O
by	O
PCR	O
,	O
titration	O
of	O
infectious	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
,	O
immunohistochemistry	O
,	O
and	O
in	O
situ	O
hybridization	B-PROC
;	O
seroconversion	O
was	O
detected	O
in	O
animals	B-SPEC
of	O
both	O
species	B-SPEC
.	O

Conversely	O
,	O
in	O
sheep	B-SPEC
and	O
horses	B-SPEC
,	O
virus	B-SPEC
-	O
specific	O
antibodies	B-COMP
did	O
not	O
develop	O
and	O
no	O
evidence	O
of	O
viral	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
in	O
the	O
upper	B-ANAT
respiratory	I-ANAT
tract	I-ANAT
was	O
found	O
.	O

The	O
influence	O
of	O
the	O
increased	O
SNP	O
and	O
hydrophobic	O
properties	O
of	O
the	O
translated	O
proteins	O
on	O
the	O
vaccine	O
viruses	B-SPEC
'	O
virulence	B-PROC
is	O
unknown	O
.	O

Retrospective	O
review	O
of	O
all	O
patients	O
with	O
acute	O
or	O
acute	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
on	I-DISO
-	I-DISO
chronic	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
(	O
due	O
to	O
chronic	B-DISO
obstructive	I-DISO
pulmonary	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
[	O
COPD	B-DISO
]	O
with	O
severe	O
hypercapnic	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
when	O
non	O
-	O
invasive	O
ventilation	O
failed	O
;	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
;	O
COPD	B-DISO
;	O
or	O
asthma	B-PATH
when	O
lung	B-ANAT
-	O
protective	O
ventilation	O
was	O
not	O
feasible	O
due	O
to	O
hypercapnia	B-DISO
)	O
for	O
whom	O
the	O
Hemolung	O
was	O
used	O
.	O

In	O
the	O
remaining	O
10	O
patients	O
,	O
the	O
strategy	O
of	O
instituting	O
lung	B-ANAT
-	O
protective	O
ventilation	O
was	O
successful	O
.	O

The	O
pH	O
and	O
PCO	B-DISO
CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
Our	O
data	O
shows	O
that	O
ECCOR	O
was	O
safe	O
and	O
effective	O
in	O
this	O
cohort	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Protective	O
T	B-ANAT
Cell	I-ANAT
Responses	O
Featured	O
by	O
Concordant	O
Recognition	O
of	O
Middle	O
East	O
Respiratory	O
Syndrome	B-DISO
Coronavirus	B-SPEC
-	O
Derived	O
CD8	B-PRGE
+	I-PRGE
T	I-PRGE
Cell	I-PRGE
Epitopes	I-PRGE
and	I-PRGE
Host	B-COMP
MHC	B-PROC
.	O

We	O
experienced	O
3	O
cases	O
of	O
adenoviral	B-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
associated	O
with	O
ARDS	B-DISO
and	O
treated	O
with	O
cidofovir	B-CHED
and	O
respiratory	O
support	O
,	O
including	O
extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenation	B-PROC
(	O
ECMO	O
).	O

The	O
Himalayan	O
regions	O
possess	B-DISO
variety	O
of	O
ethnomedicinal	O
plants	B-SPEC
used	O
against	O
respiratory	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
,	O
but	O
still	O
there	O
are	O
only	O
few	O
studies	O
related	O
with	O
their	O
in	O
-	O
vitro	O
validation	O
.	O

We	O
find	O
that	O
assuming	O
the	O
relative	O
vulnerability	O
in	O
the	O
existing	O
labor	B-PROC
market	O
shows	O
a	O
U	O
shape	O
with	O
age	O
increase	O
,	O
the	O
U	O
-	O
shaped	O
curve	O
became	O
J	O
-	O
shaped	O
after	O
the	O
outbreak	O
.	O

Early	O
initiation	O
of	O
appropriate	O
antimicrobial	B-CHED
therapy	O
is	O
a	O
crucial	O
step	O
in	O
the	O
prevention	O
of	O
morbidity	O
and	O
mortality	O
.	O

The	O
majority	O
of	O
patients	O
had	O
met	B-CHED
systemic	B-DISO
inflammatory	I-DISO
response	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
criteria	O
with	O
fever	B-PROC
>	O
38	O
°	O
C	O
(	O
71	O
%),	O
heart	B-ANAT
rate	O
>	O
90	O
beats	O
per	O
minute	O
(	O
71	O
%),	O
and	O
respiratory	O
rate	O
>	O
20	O
breaths	O
per	O
minute	O
(	O
86	O
%).	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
After	O
prompt	O
diagnosis	O
,	O
severe	O
myasthenia	B-DISO
gravis	I-DISO
and	O
Guillain	O
-	O
Barré	O
syndrome	B-DISO
(	O
GBS	B-DISO
)	O
usually	O
require	O
management	O
in	O
the	O
intensive	O
care	O
unit	O
.	O

Noninvasive	O
ventilation	O
can	O
be	O
attempted	O
prior	O
to	O
intubation	O
and	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
in	O
the	O
setting	O
of	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Differential	O
Cell	B-COMP
Count	O
and	O
CRP	B-PRGE
Level	O
in	O
Blood	B-ANAT
as	O
Predictors	O
for	O
Middle	O
East	O
Respiratory	O
Syndrome	B-DISO
Coronavirus	B-DISO
Infection	I-DISO
in	O
Acute	O
Febrile	B-PROC
Patients	O
during	O
Nosocomial	O
Outbreak	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
report	O
epidemiological	O
features	O
,	O
clinical	O
characteristics	O
,	O
and	O
outcomes	O
of	O
human	O
rhinovirus	O
(	O
HRV	O
)	O
infections	B-DISO
in	O
comparison	O
with	O
other	O
community	O
acquired	O
respiratory	O
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
CRV	B-DISO
)	O
infections	B-DISO
in	O
patients	O
hospitalized	O
for	O
two	O
consecutive	O
years	O
.	O

Bioinformatics	O
analysis	O
revealed	O
that	O
these	O
proteins	O
were	O
involved	O
in	O
stress	O
responses	O
,	O
signal	B-PROC
transduction	I-PROC
,	O
and	O
the	O
immune	B-ANAT
system	I-ANAT
.	O

Following	O
vaccination	O
,	O
swabs	O
and	O
tissues	B-ANAT
collected	O
at	O
intervals	O
were	O
pooled	O
and	O
RNA	O
was	O
extracted	O
for	O
detection	O
of	O
IBV	B-SPEC
by	O
reverse	B-PROC
transcription	I-PROC
polymerase	O
chain	O
reaction	O
.	O

Emerging	O
zoonotic	O
pathogens	O
,	O
for	O
example	O
,	O
MERS	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
,	O
avian	B-DISO
influenza	B-SPEC
viruses	I-SPEC
,	O
Coxiella	B-SPEC
,	O
and	O
Francisella	B-SPEC
,	O
would	O
have	O
pandemic	O
potential	O
were	O
they	O
to	O
acquire	O
efficient	O
human	B-SPEC
-	O
to	O
-	O
human	B-SPEC
transmissibility	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenation	B-PROC
(	O
ECMO	O
)	O
for	O
severe	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
has	O
known	O
a	O
growing	O
interest	O
over	O
the	O
last	O
decades	O
with	O
promising	O
results	O
during	O
the	O
2009	O
A	O
(	O
H1N1	O
)	O
influenza	B-DISO
epidemic	I-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Inflammatory	O
lung	B-ANAT
diseases	I-DISO
like	O
asthma	B-PATH
bronchiale	O
,	O
chronic	B-DISO
obstructive	I-DISO
pulmonary	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
and	O
allergic	O
airway	B-ANAT
inflammation	B-DISO
are	O
widespread	O
public	O
diseases	O
that	O
constitute	O
an	O
enormous	O
burden	O
to	O
the	O
health	O
systems	O
.	O

Inflammatory	O
lung	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
predispose	O
patients	O
to	O
severe	O
lung	B-ANAT
failures	O
like	O
alveolar	B-DISO
oedema	I-DISO
,	O
respiratory	B-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
and	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
.	O

Prehospital	O
professionals	O
face	B-DISO
the	O
risk	O
of	O
infection	B-DISO
as	O
they	O
work	O
to	O
save	O
lives	O
.	O

We	O
hypothesized	O
that	O
the	O
innate	B-DISO
immune	I-DISO
response	I-DISO
has	O
tools	O
to	O
counteract	O
the	O
formation	B-PROC
of	O
these	O
virus	B-SPEC
-	O
induced	O
replication	O
organelles	B-COMP
in	O
order	B-SPEC
to	O
inhibit	O
virus	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
.	O

In	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
using	O
an	O
expression	B-PROC
system	O
that	O
closely	O
mimics	O
the	O
formation	B-PROC
of	O
arterivirus	B-SPEC
replication	O
structures	O
,	O
we	O
show	O
for	O
the	O
first	O
time	O
that	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
β	I-PRGE
treatment	O
clearly	O
reduces	O
the	O
amount	O
of	O
induced	O
membrane	B-COMP
structures	O
.	O

Mycoplasma	B-SPEC
gallisepticum	I-SPEC
was	O
also	O
found	O
to	O
be	O
present	O
;	O
however	O
,	O
infectious	B-SPEC
laryngotracheitis	B-DISO
virus	I-SPEC
was	O
not	O
detected	O
by	O
PCR	O
.	O

Newcastle	B-SPEC
disease	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
NDV	B-SPEC
)	O
was	O
not	O
detected	O
by	O
PCR	O
,	O
but	O
variable	O
levels	O
of	O
anti	O
-	O
NDV	B-SPEC
HI	O
antibody	B-COMP
titres	O
shows	O
possible	O
exposure	O
to	O
virulent	O
strains	O
or	O
poor	O
vaccine	O
take	O
,	O
or	O
both	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Adenosine	B-CHED
-	O
dependent	O
phrenic	O
motor	O
facilitation	B-PROC
is	O
inflammation	B-DISO
resistant	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Phrenic	O
motor	O
facilitation	O
(	O
pMF	O
),	O
a	O
form	O
of	O
respiratory	O
plasticity	O
,	O
can	O
be	O
elicited	O
by	O
acute	O
intermittent	O
hypoxia	B-DISO
(	O
i	O
.	O
e	O
.,	O
phrenic	O
long	O
-	O
term	O
facilitation	B-PROC
,	O
pLTF	O
)	O
or	O
direct	O
application	O
of	O
drugs	O
to	O
the	O
cervical	B-ANAT
spinal	I-ANAT
cord	I-ANAT
.	O

The	O
identification	O
of	O
astroviruses	O
in	O
a	O
wide	O
range	O
of	O
animals	B-SPEC
highlights	O
the	O
zoonotic	O
importance	O
of	O
these	O
viruses	B-SPEC
.	O

As	O
some	O
RNA	O
viruses	B-SPEC
can	O
be	O
directly	O
transmitted	B-DISO
from	O
bats	B-SPEC
to	O
humans	B-SPEC
,	O
it	O
is	O
crucial	O
to	O
collect	O
data	O
about	O
their	O
frequency	O
,	O
genetic	O
diversity	O
and	O
phylogenetic	O
characterization	O
.	O

IB	O
virus	B-SPEC
primarily	O
affects	O
respiratory	B-ANAT
tract	I-ANAT
,	O
but	O
strains	O
differ	O
in	O
their	O
tropism	B-PROC
for	O
such	O
other	O
target	O
organs	B-ANAT
as	O
kidneys	B-ANAT
and	O
alimentary	B-ANAT
tract	I-ANAT
.	O

Most	O
outpatients	O
with	O
community	O
-	O
acquired	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
do	O
not	O
require	O
microbiologic	O
testing	O
of	O
sputum	B-ANAT
or	O
blood	B-ANAT
and	O
can	O
be	O
treated	O
empirically	O
with	O
a	O
macrolide	B-CHED
,	O
doxycycline	B-CHED
,	O
or	O
a	O
respiratory	O
fluoroquinolone	O
.	O

In	O
Europe	O
and	O
North	O
America	O
most	O
victims	O
are	O
breeders	O
,	O
with	O
a	O
few	O
snakebites	O
from	O
wild	O
native	O
American	O
rattlesnakes	B-SPEC
.	O

This	O
review	O
article	O
summarizes	O
the	O
clinical	O
syndromes	B-DISO
caused	O
by	O
severe	O
envenoming	O
and	O
the	O
therapeutic	O
options	O
available	O
in	O
the	O
intensive	O
care	O
setting	O
.	O

He	O
developed	O
severe	O
neuromuscular	O
dysfunction	O
after	O
sepsis	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

A	O
total	O
of	O
93	O
samples	O
(	O
4	O
.	O
7	O
%)	O
from	O
17	O
genera	O
of	O
bats	B-SPEC
tested	O
positive	O
.	O

Sequence	O
analysis	O
revealed	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
potentially	O
37	O
and	O
56	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
belonging	O
to	O
alpha	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
coronavirus	I-PRGE
(	I-PRGE
αCoV	I-PRGE
)	I-PRGE
and	I-PRGE
beta	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
(	O
βCoV	O
),	O
respectively	O
.	O

This	O
study	O
extends	O
our	O
understanding	O
of	O
the	O
genetic	O
diversity	O
of	O
rotaviruses	B-SPEC
in	O
bats	B-SPEC
.	O

After	O
recording	O
clinical	O
and	O
demographic	O
data	O
,	O
twin	O
swabs	O
(	O
nasopharyngeal	B-ANAT
and	O
throat	B-ANAT
)	O
were	O
collected	O
from	O
each	O
participant	O
,	O
pooled	O
in	O
viral	O
transport	B-PROC
media	B-ANAT
and	O
tested	O
by	O
real	O
-	O
time	O
RT	O
PCR	O
for	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
and	O
influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
and	O
B	O
viruses	O
and	O
their	O
subtypes	O
.	O

Despite	O
a	O
proven	O
survival	O
benefit	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
ARDS	B-DISO
,	O
studies	O
have	O
also	O
shown	O
underutilization	O
of	O
prone	O
positioning	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
In	O
October	O
2016	O
,	O
a	O
severe	O
infection	B-DISO
with	O
swine	B-DISO
influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
(	O
H1N1	O
)	O
virus	B-SPEC
of	O
the	O
Eurasian	O
avian	B-SPEC
lineage	O
occurred	O
in	O
a	O
child	O
with	O
a	O
previous	O
history	O
of	O
eczema	B-DISO
in	O
the	O
Netherlands	O
,	O
following	O
contact	O
to	O
pigs	B-SPEC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Bats	B-SPEC
carry	O
and	O
shed	O
many	O
emerging	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
agents	O
including	O
Ebola	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
and	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
like	O
Coronaviruses	O
,	O
yet	O
they	O
rarely	O
display	O
clinical	O
symptoms	O
of	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

Therefore	O
,	O
preclinical	O
identification	O
of	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
is	O
of	O
great	O
significance	O
for	O
preventing	O
the	O
outbreak	O
and	O
spread	O
of	O
this	O
disease	O
.	O

Then	O
,	O
oligonucleotides	O
specific	O
for	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
coated	O
on	O
AuNPs	O
were	O
eluted	O
from	O
the	O
complex	O
and	O
were	O
further	O
amplified	O
and	O
characterized	O
by	O
PCR	O
.	O

In	O
a	O
word	O
,	O
this	O
study	O
provided	O
a	O
RNA	O
extraction	O
and	O
transcription	B-PROC
free	O
,	O
rapid	O
and	O
economical	O
method	O
for	O
preclinical	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
,	O
which	O
showed	O
higher	O
sensitivity	O
,	O
specificity	O
and	O
reproducibility	O
,	O
and	O
exhibited	O
application	O
potency	O
for	O
evaluating	O
viral	O
loads	O
of	O
preclinical	O
samples	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
MERS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
spike	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
:	O
a	O
key	O
target	O
for	O
antivirals	B-CHED
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
continual	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
(	O
MERS	B-DISO
)	O
threat	O
highlights	O
the	O
importance	O
of	O
developing	O
effective	O
antiviral	B-CHED
therapeutics	O
to	O
prevent	O
and	O
treat	O
MERS	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

However	O
,	O
emergence	O
of	O
escape	O
mutant	B-DISO
viruses	B-SPEC
and	O
mAb	O
'	O
s	O
limitations	O
make	O
it	O
necessary	O
for	O
combining	O
neutralizing	O
mAbs	O
recognizing	O
different	O
neutralizing	O
epitopes	O
and	O
engineering	O
them	O
with	O
improved	O
efficacy	O
and	O
reduced	O
cost	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Porcine	B-SPEC
epidemic	I-SPEC
diarrhea	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
)	O
has	O
caused	O
extensive	O
economic	O
losses	O
to	O
pig	B-SPEC
producers	O
in	O
many	O
countries	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Full	O
genome	O
analysis	O
of	O
Australian	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
viruses	B-SPEC
suggests	O
frequent	O
recombination	B-PROC
events	O
between	O
vaccine	O
strains	O
and	O
multiple	O
phylogenetically	O
distant	O
avian	B-SPEC
coronaviruses	O
of	O
unknown	O
origin	O
.	O

Piglets	O
were	O
monitored	O
daily	O
for	O
clinical	O
signs	O
,	O
body	B-ANAT
weight	O
,	O
and	O
body	B-ANAT
temperature	O
through	O
day	O
post	O
-	O
inoculation	O
(	O
DPI	O
)	O
12	O
(	O
Groups	O
2	O
and	O
3	O
)	O
or	O
14	O
(	O
Group	O
1	O
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Isolation	O
,	O
genomic	O
characterization	O
,	O
and	O
pathogenicity	O
of	O
a	O
Chinese	O
porcine	B-SPEC
deltacoronavirus	O
strain	O
CHN	O
-	O
HN	O
-	O
2014	O
.	O

Both	O
kinds	O
of	O
piglets	O
developed	O
clear	O
clinical	O
symptoms	O
,	O
including	O
vomiting	B-DISO
,	O
anorexia	B-DISO
,	O
lethargy	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
severe	B-DISO
diarrhea	I-DISO
,	O
by	O
2days	O
postinoculation	O
(	O
DPI	O
),	O
and	O
diarrhea	B-DISO
persisted	O
for	O
about	O
5	O
-	O
6	O
days	O
.	O

Influenza	B-DISO
was	O
the	O
predominant	O
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
14	O
.	O
17	O
%,	O
137	O
/	O
967	O
),	O
detected	O
from	O
21	O
.	O
35	O
%	O
(	O
76	O
/	O
356	O
)	O
of	O
the	O
outpatients	O
and	O
9	O
.	O
98	O
%	O
(	O
61	O
/	O
611	O
)	O
of	O
the	O
inpatients	O
.	O

Since	O
the	O
1970s	O
,	O
PED	O
outbreaks	O
have	O
become	O
a	O
source	O
of	O
problems	O
in	O
pig	B-SPEC
producing	O
countries	O
all	O
over	O
the	O
world	O
,	O
causing	O
large	O
economic	O
losses	O
for	O
pig	B-SPEC
producers	O
.	O

As	O
diagnostic	O
tools	O
have	O
increased	O
in	O
sensitivity	O
,	O
our	O
understanding	O
of	O
the	O
etiology	O
of	O
CAP	B-DISO
has	O
begun	O
to	O
change	O
with	O
a	O
significant	O
increase	O
in	O
confirmed	O
viral	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
and	O
the	O
recognition	O
that	O
multiple	O
pathogens	O
are	O
frequently	O
present	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Coagulation	O
and	O
fibrinolysis	B-PROC
remain	O
sparsely	O
addressed	O
with	O
regards	O
to	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
).	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Of	O
24	O
patients	O
at	O
risk	O
,	O
6	O
developed	O
mild	O
ARDS	B-DISO
and	O
4	O
of	O
each	O
moderate	O
or	O
severe	O
ARDS	B-DISO
,	O
respectively	O
,	O
3	O
±	O
2	O
(	O
mean	O
±	O
SD	O
)	O
days	O
after	O
inclusion	O
.	O

(	O
2	O
)	O
The	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
is	O
a	O
new	O
corona	B-CHED
virus	B-SPEC
isolated	O
for	O
the	O
first	O
time	O
in	O
a	O
patients	O
who	O
died	B-PROC
of	O
severe	O
lower	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
tract	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
in	O
Jeddah	O
(	O
Saudi	O
Arabia	O
)	O
in	O
June	O
2012	O
(	O
Zaki	O
et	O
al	O
.	O
2012	O
).	O

The	O
World	O
Health	O
Organization	O
(	O
WHO	O
)	O
have	O
held	O
nine	O
meetings	O
of	O
the	O
Emergency	B-DISO
Committee	O
(	O
EC	O
)	O
convened	O
by	O
the	O
Director	O
-	O
General	O
under	O
the	O
International	O
Health	O
Regulations	O
(	O
IHR	O
2005	O
)	O
regarding	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
(	O
WHO	O
2015c	O
).	O

There	O
is	O
wishful	O
anticipation	O
in	O
the	O
political	O
and	O
scientific	O
communities	O
that	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
like	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
will	O
disappear	O
with	O
time	O
.	O

There	O
is	O
a	O
large	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
camel	B-SPEC
reservoir	O
,	O
and	O
there	O
is	O
no	O
specific	O
treatment	O
or	O
vaccine	O
(	O
Zumla	O
et	O
al	O
.	O
2015a	O
).	O

Two	O
linear	O
epitopes	O
,	O
243YSTEART249	O
(	O
1C3	O
)	O
and	O
243YSTEARTDNLSEQEKLLHMV262	O
(	O
4C7	O
),	O
were	O
identified	O
in	O
the	O
endodomain	O
of	O
the	O
TGEV	B-PRGE
M	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
.	O

The	O
1C3	O
mAb	O
can	O
be	O
used	O
for	O
the	O
detection	O
of	O
the	O
TGEV	B-PRGE
M	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
in	O
different	O
assays	O
.	O

The	O
two	O
groups	O
were	O
compared	O
in	O
terms	O
of	O
the	O
time	O
to	O
improvements	O
of	O
symptoms	O
after	O
treatment	O
,	O
serum	B-COMP
levels	O
of	O
inflammatory	O
factors	O
,	O
proportion	O
of	O
children	O
undergoing	O
invasive	O
ventilation	O
,	O
treatment	O
response	O
rate	O
,	O
and	O
adverse	O
events	O
.	O

After	O
5	O
days	O
of	O
treatment	O
,	O
the	O
low	O
-	O
and	O
high	O
-	O
dose	O
groups	O
had	O
significant	O
reductions	O
in	O
serum	O
levels	O
of	O
tumor	B-PRGE
necrosis	I-PRGE
factor	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
α	I-PRGE
,	O
interleukin	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
6	I-PRGE
,	O
and	O
C	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
reactive	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
,	O
and	O
there	O
were	O
no	O
significant	O
differences	O
in	O
the	O
reductions	O
of	O
these	O
markers	O
between	O
the	O
two	O
groups	O
.	O

Early	O
v	O
-	O
v	O
ECMO	O
implantation	B-PROC
could	O
be	O
considered	O
to	O
support	O
and	O
to	O
conduct	B-PROC
weaning	B-PROC
both	O
from	O
sedation	B-DISO
and	O
from	O
invasive	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
,	O
with	O
the	O
goal	O
to	O
perform	O
physiokinesitherapy	O
during	O
awake	O
ECMO	O
.	O

We	O
describe	O
a	O
case	O
of	O
HEV	B-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
in	O
a	O
previously	O
healthy	O
male	O
trauma	O
patient	O
in	O
France	O
who	O
received	O
massive	O
transfusions	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Porcine	B-SPEC
deltacoronavirus	I-PRGE
nsp5	I-PRGE
inhibits	O
interferon	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
β	I-PRGE
production	O
through	O
the	O
cleavage	B-PROC
of	O
NEMO	O
.	O

Here	O
,	O
we	O
demonstrate	O
that	O
nonstructural	O
protein	B-CHED
5	O
(	O
nsp5	O
)	O
of	O
PDCoV	O
,	O
the	O
3C	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
like	I-PRGE
protease	I-PRGE
,	O
significantly	O
inhibits	O
Sendai	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
SEV	O
)-	O
induced	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
β	I-PRGE
production	O
by	O
targeting	B-PROC
the	O
NF	O
-	O
κB	O
essential	O
modulator	O
(	O
NEMO	B-PRGE
),	O
confirmed	O
by	O
the	O
diminished	O
function	O
of	O
NEMO	O
cleaved	B-ANAT
by	O
PDCoV	O
.	O
The	O
PDCoV	O
nsp5	B-PRGE
cleavage	B-PROC
site	O
in	O
the	O
NEMO	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
was	O
identified	O
as	O
glutamine	B-CHED
231	O
,	O
and	O
was	O
identical	O
to	O
the	O
porcine	B-SPEC
epidemic	I-SPEC
diarrhea	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
nsp5	B-PRGE
cleavage	B-PROC
site	O
,	O
revealing	O
the	O
likelihood	O
of	O
a	O
common	O
target	O
in	O
NEMO	O
for	O
coronaviruses	O
.	O

Furthermore	O
,	O
this	O
cleavage	B-PROC
impaired	B-DISO
the	O
ability	O
of	O
NEMO	B-PRGE
to	O
activate	O
the	O
IFN	B-PRGE
response	O
and	O
downstream	O
signaling	B-PROC
.	O

In	O
the	O
period	O
from	O
December	O
2014	O
to	O
December	O
2015	O
,	O
sufficient	O
data	O
of	O
Peking	O
University	O
First	O
Hospital	O
Respiratory	O
and	O
Critical	O
Care	O
Medicine	B-CHED
Department	O
for	O
analysis	O
were	O
identified	O
in	O
218	O
subjects	O
.	O

In	O
the	O
malignant	O
group	O
,	O
the	O
patient	O
-	O
related	O
independent	O
clinical	O
risk	O
factor	O
for	O
the	O
early	B-DISO
complication	I-DISO
rate	O
was	O
current	O
smoking	O
status	O
(	O
B	O
=	O
2	O
.	O
953	O
,	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
006	O
,	O
OR	O
=	O
19	O
.	O
161	O
,	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
2	O
.	O
360	O
-	O
155	O
.	O
572	O
).	O

Here	O
,	O
two	O
monoclonal	O
antibodies	B-COMP
(	O
MAbs	O
)	O
specific	O
to	O
the	O
N	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
of	O
a	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
strain	O
,	O
FJzz1	O
/	O
2011	O
,	O
were	O
generated	O
and	O
screened	O
against	O
a	O
partially	O
overlapping	O
library	O
of	O
24	O
GST	B-PRGE
-	O
fusion	O
N	O
protein	B-CHED
-	O
truncated	O
constructs	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
the	O
lack	O
of	O
a	O
vaccine	O
,	O
together	O
with	O
the	O
increasing	O
resistance	B-PROC
to	O
the	O
highly	O
active	O
anti	O
-	O
retroviral	B-SPEC
therapy	O
(	O
HAART	O
),	O
make	O
HIV	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
1	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
still	O
a	O
serious	O
global	O
emergency	B-DISO
.	O

Here	O
we	O
present	O
a	O
work	O
in	O
which	O
we	O
suggest	O
that	O
kuwanon	O
-	O
L	O
,	O
a	O
natural	B-CHED
product	I-CHED
active	O
as	O
an	O
HIV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
1	I-SPEC
integrase	B-PRGE
(	O
IN	O
)	O
inhibitor	B-CHED
,	O
might	O
exert	B-PROC
its	O
overall	O
antiviral	B-CHED
activity	O
through	O
binding	B-FUNC
to	O
multiple	O
viral	O
targets	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Severe	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
caused	O
by	O
unintentional	O
sewing	O
machine	O
lubricant	O
ingestion	O
:	O
A	O
case	O
report	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Severe	O
Hypoxemia	O
in	O
a	O
Healthy	O
Donor	B-CHED
for	O
Allogeneic	O
Hematopoietic	B-ANAT
Stem	I-ANAT
Cell	I-ANAT
Transplantation	O
after	O
Only	O
the	O
First	O
Administration	O
of	O
Granulocyte	O
-	O
Colony	O
Stimulating	O
Factor	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
and	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ALI	O
/	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
is	O
a	O
severe	O
clinical	O
syndrome	B-DISO
with	O
mortality	O
rate	O
as	O
high	O
as	O
30	O
-	O
40	O
%.	O

When	O
it	O
was	O
used	O
in	O
combination	O
with	O
S1P	B-PRGE
,	O
the	O
expression	B-PROC
regulation	B-PROC
result	O
of	O
related	O
genes	O
was	O
not	O
simply	O
the	O
superposition	O
of	O
each	O
other	O
,	O
but	O
more	O
significant	O
outcome	O
was	O
obtained	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Discovery	O
of	O
a	O
novel	O
accessory	O
protein	B-CHED
NS7a	O
encoded	O
by	O
porcine	B-SPEC
deltacoronavirus	O
.	O

Imbalance	B-DISO
between	O
coagulation	B-PROC
and	O
inflammation	B-DISO
is	O
a	O
predominant	O
characteristic	O
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
,	O
leading	O
to	O
extreme	O
inflammatory	B-DISO
response	I-DISO
and	O
diffuse	O
fibrin	B-DISO
deposition	I-DISO
in	O
vascular	B-ANAT
capillary	B-ANAT
bed	I-ANAT
and	O
alveoli	B-ANAT
.	O

In	O
this	O
paper	O
,	O
we	O
review	O
how	O
aptamers	O
working	O
against	O
viral	O
proteins	B-CHED
are	O
discovered	O
,	O
with	O
a	O
focus	O
on	O
recent	O
advances	O
that	O
improve	O
the	O
aptamers	O
'	O
properties	O
as	O
a	O
real	O
tool	O
for	O
viral	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
detection	O
and	O
treatment	O
.	O

Strain	O
D998	O
/	O
15	O
had	O
a	O
distinct	O
phylogenetic	O
position	O
within	O
clade	O
A	O
,	O
being	O
more	O
closely	O
related	O
to	O
the	O
dromedary	B-SPEC
isolate	O
NRCE	O
-	O
HKU205	O
from	O
Egypt	O
than	O
to	O
the	O
human	B-SPEC
isolates	O
EMC	B-COMP
/	O
2012	O
and	O
Jordan	O
-	O
N3	O
/	O
2012	O
.	O

Two	O
B3	O
strains	O
,	O
D1271	O
/	O
15	O
and	O
D1189	O
.	O
1	O
/	O
15	O
,	O
showed	O
evidence	O
of	O
recombination	B-PROC
between	O
lineages	O
B4	O
and	O
B5	O
in	O
ORF1ab	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
A	O
camel	B-SPEC
-	O
derived	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
with	O
a	O
variant	O
spike	O
protein	B-PROC
cleavage	I-PROC
site	O
and	O
distinct	O
fusion	O
activation	O
properties	O
.	O

The	O
present	O
review	O
gives	O
an	O
overview	O
of	O
common	O
bacterial	O
lung	B-ANAT
infections	B-DISO
,	O
such	O
as	O
pneumococcal	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
and	O
of	O
widely	O
neglected	O
pathogens	O
modeled	O
in	O
ex	O
vivo	O
infected	O
lung	B-ANAT
tissue	I-ANAT
.	O

This	O
overview	O
summarizes	O
several	O
salient	O
points	O
,	O
namely	O
:	O
a	O
)	O
ARDS	B-DISO
is	O
an	O
oxygenation	B-PROC
defect	O
:	O
consolidation	O
/	O
difuse	O
alveolar	B-ANAT
damage	O
is	O
reversed	O
by	O
PEEP	B-CHED
and	O
/	O
or	O
prone	O
positioning	O
,	O
at	O
least	O
during	O
the	O
early	O
phase	O
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
b	O
)	O
ARDS	B-DISO
is	O
a	O
dynamic	O
disease	O
and	O
partially	O
iatrogenic	O
.	O

Indeed	O
,	O
a	O
high	O
PEEP	B-CHED
(	O
10	O
-	O
24	O
cm	O
H₂O	O
)	O
appears	O
to	O
be	O
a	O
life	O
-	O
saver	O
in	O
the	O
context	O
of	O
early	O
severe	O
diffuse	O
ARDS	O
;	O
c	O
)	O
tidal	O
volume	O
and	O
plateau	O
pressure	O
cannot	O
be	O
identical	O
for	O
all	O
patients	O
;	O
d	O
)	O
the	O
only	O
remaining	O
rationale	O
for	O
CMV	B-SPEC
and	O
muscle	B-DISO
relaxation	I-DISO
is	O
to	O
suppress	O
patient	O
-	O
ventilator	O
asynchrony	O
and	O
to	O
lower	O
VO2	B-CHED
,	O
during	O
the	O
acute	O
cardio	O
-	O
ventilatory	O
distress	O
.	O

In	O
this	O
context	O
,	O
a	O
deeper	O
understanding	O
of	O
how	O
the	O
immune	B-ANAT
system	I-ANAT
in	O
the	O
elderly	O
functions	O
in	O
relation	O
to	O
ZIKV	O
infection	B-DISO
is	O
necessary	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
an	O
understanding	O
of	O
what	O
kind	O
of	O
alterations	O
of	O
the	O
nervous	B-ANAT
system	I-ANAT
such	O
an	O
infection	B-DISO
triggers	O
in	O
the	O
elderly	O
,	O
beyond	O
GBS	B-DISO
.	O

Recent	O
outbreaks	O
have	O
stressed	O
the	O
urgency	O
of	O
effective	O
research	O
on	O
the	O
dynamics	O
of	O
infectious	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
spread	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
difficult	O
to	O
predict	O
when	O
and	O
where	O
outbreaks	O
may	O
emerge	O
and	O
how	O
infectious	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
spread	O
because	O
many	O
factors	O
affect	O
their	O
transmission	O
,	O
and	O
some	O
of	O
them	O
may	O
be	O
unknown	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
The	O
Potential	O
of	O
Social	O
Media	B-ANAT
and	O
Internet	O
-	O
Based	O
Data	O
in	O
Preventing	O
and	O
Fighting	O
Infectious	B-DISO
Diseases	I-DISO
:	O
From	O
Internet	O
to	O
Twitter	O
.	O

More	O
importantly	O
,	O
at	O
the	O
moment	O
,	O
the	O
prevention	O
and	O
control	O
of	O
viral	O
infectious	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
is	O
difficult	O
due	O
to	O
a	O
lack	O
of	O
effective	O
vaccines	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Following	O
intravenous	O
dosing	O
,	O
dilmapimod	O
was	O
quickly	O
distributed	O
to	O
peripheral	O
compartments	B-ANAT
and	O
then	O
slowly	O
eliminated	O
.	O

The	O
variation	O
analyses	O
demonstrated	O
that	O
six	O
regions	O
(	O
nt	O
1317	O
-	O
1436	O
,	O
2997	O
-	O
3096	O
,	O
19	O
,	O
737	O
-	O
19	O
,	O
836	O
,	O
20	O
,	O
277	O
-	O
20	O
,	O
376	O
,	O
21	O
,	O
177	O
-	O
21	O
,	O
276	O
,	O
and	O
22	O
,	O
371	O
-	O
22	O
,	O
416	O
)	O
in	O
ORF1a	B-PRGE
/	I-PRGE
b	I-PRGE
and	I-PRGE
spike	I-PRGE
genes	I-PRGE
exhibit	O
high	O
sequence	O
variation	O
between	O
Thai	O
and	O
other	O
PDCoV	O
.	O
The	O
analyses	O
of	O
amino	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
changes	O
suggested	O
that	O
they	O
could	O
potentially	O
be	O
from	O
different	O
lineages	O
.	O

The	O
apnea	B-DISO
-	O
hypopnea	O
index	O
(	O
AHI	O
)	O
correlated	O
significantly	O
with	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
severe	O
asthma	B-PATH
exacerbations	O
(	O
r	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
507	O
,	O
95	O
%	O
confidence	O
interval	O
[	O
CI	O
]	O
0	O
.	O
357	O
-	O
0	O
.	O
637	O
,	O
p	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
001	O
).	O

The	O
binding	B-FUNC
of	O
the	O
""""	O
down	O
""""	O
CTD1s	O
to	O
the	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
receptor	I-PRGE
ACE2	I-PRGE
is	O
not	O
possible	O
due	O
to	O
steric	O
clashes	O
,	O
suggesting	O
that	O
the	O
conformation	O
1	O
represents	O
a	O
receptor	O
-	O
binding	B-FUNC
inactive	O
state	O
.	O

The	O
""""	O
up	O
""""	O
CTD1	O
exposes	O
the	O
receptor	O
-	O
binding	O
site	O
for	O
ACE2	B-PRGE
engagement	O
,	O
suggesting	O
that	O
the	O
conformations	O
2	O
-	O
4	O
represent	O
a	O
receptor	O
-	O
binding	B-FUNC
active	O
state	O
.	O

This	O
conformational	B-PROC
change	I-PROC
is	O
also	O
required	O
for	O
the	O
binding	B-FUNC
of	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
neutralizing	I-PRGE
antibodies	B-COMP
targeting	B-PROC
the	O
CTD1	O
.	O

High	O
flows	O
through	O
nasal	B-ANAT
cannulae	O
(	O
HFNC	O
)	O
is	O
a	O
system	O
which	O
allows	O
increased	O
CO2	B-CHED
wash	O
-	O
out	O
of	O
anatomical	O
dead	B-PROC
space	O
,	O
positive	O
nasopharyngeal	B-ANAT
pressure	O
,	O
a	O
relatively	O
constant	O
FiO2	O
,	O
and	O
an	O
improvement	O
of	O
mucociliary	O
function	O
.	O

Virus	B-DISO
shedding	I-DISO
was	O
only	O
detected	O
in	O
swabs	O
obtained	O
from	O
the	O
respiratory	B-ANAT
tract	I-ANAT
and	O
primarily	O
observed	O
in	O
camels	B-SPEC
younger	O
than	O
3	O
years	O
.	O

The	O
sequence	O
was	O
analysed	O
for	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
coding	O
and	O
non	O
-	O
coding	O
features	O
,	O
its	O
similarity	O
with	O
reported	O
isolates	O
and	O
epitope	B-CHED
analysis	O
of	O
capsid	B-PRGE
structural	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
.	O

The	O
capsid	B-PRGE
structural	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
of	O
CAstV	O
/	O
INDIA	O
/	O
ANAND	O
/	O
2016	O
showed	O
84	O
.	O
67	O
%	O
similarity	O
with	O
chicken	B-SPEC
astrovirus	I-SPEC
isolate	O
CAstV	O
/	O
GA2011	O
,	O
81	O
.	O
06	O
%	O
with	O
CAstV	O
/	O
4175	O
and	O
41	O
.	O
18	O
%	O
with	O
CAstV	O
/	O
Poland	O
/	O
G059	O
/	O
2014	O
isolates	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Perceived	O
safety	O
and	O
efficacy	O
of	O
neuromuscular	O
blockers	O
for	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
among	O
medical	O
intensive	O
care	O
unit	O
practitioners	O
:	O
A	O
multicenter	O
survey	O
.	O

More	O
NP	O
/	O
PAs	B-COMP
identified	O
the	O
association	O
of	O
consciousness	O
with	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
NMBAs	O
than	O
physicians	O
(	O
P	O
=.	O
047	O
).	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
investigate	O
whether	O
neuromuscular	O
blocking	B-DISO
agents	O
(	O
NMBA	O
)	O
exert	B-PROC
beneficial	O
effects	O
in	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
by	O
reason	O
of	O
their	O
action	O
on	O
respiratory	B-PROC
mechanics	I-PROC
,	O
particularly	O
transpulmonary	O
pressures	O
(	O
P	O
A	O
prospective	O
randomised	O
controlled	O
study	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
moderate	O
to	O
severe	O
ARDS	B-DISO
within	O
48	O
h	O
of	O
the	O
onset	O
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

Severe	O
ARDS	B-DISO
patients	O
did	O
not	O
undergo	O
randomisation	O
and	O
all	O
received	O
cisatracurium	B-CHED
besylate	I-CHED
per	O
protocol	O
.	O

The	O
changes	O
during	O
the	O
48	O
-	O
h	O
study	O
period	O
in	O
oxygenation	B-PROC
and	O
in	O
respiratory	B-PROC
mechanics	I-PROC
,	O
including	O
inspiratory	B-PROC
and	O
expiratory	B-PROC
P	O
Thirty	O
patients	O
were	O
included	O
,	O
24	O
with	O
moderate	O
ARDS	O
and	O
6	O
with	O
severe	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Murine	B-SPEC
Leukemia	I-SPEC
Virus	I-SPEC
(	O
MLV	O
)-	O
based	O
Coronavirus	B-SPEC
Spike	O
-	O
pseudotyped	O
Particle	O
Production	O
and	O
Infection	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
basis	O
for	O
their	O
generation	O
lies	O
in	O
the	O
capacity	O
of	O
some	O
viruses	B-SPEC
,	O
such	O
as	O
murine	B-SPEC
leukemia	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
MLV	O
),	O
to	O
incorporate	O
envelope	B-COMP
glycoproteins	B-CHED
of	O
other	O
viruses	B-SPEC
into	O
a	O
pseudotyped	O
virus	B-COMP
particle	I-COMP
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Acute	O
exacerbation	O
(	O
AE	O
)	O
is	O
a	O
severe	O
complication	B-DISO
of	O
idiopathic	B-DISO
pulmonary	I-DISO
fibrosis	I-DISO
(	O
IPF	O
),	O
which	O
shares	O
some	O
common	O
pathological	O
features	O
with	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
).	O

STBI	O
is	O
frequently	O
followed	O
by	O
severe	B-DISO
sepsis	I-DISO
,	O
which	O
is	O
not	O
usually	O
treated	O
with	O
CS	O
.	O

The	O
study	O
involved	O
an	O
analysis	O
of	O
the	O
treatment	O
results	O
in	O
267	O
patients	O
with	O
STBI	O
followed	O
by	O
severe	B-DISO
sepsis	I-DISO
and	O
ARDS	B-DISO
,	O
who	O
were	O
treated	O
with	O
and	O
without	O
CS	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
Extracorporeal	O
Life	O
Support	O
Organisation	B-PROC
accepts	O
permissive	O
hypoxaemia	O
in	O
adult	O
patients	O
during	O
extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenation	B-PROC
(	O
ECMO	O
).	O

Blood	B-ANAT
lactate	B-CHED
concentrations	O
were	O
used	O
as	O
a	O
surrogate	O
for	O
tissue	O
oxygenation	B-PROC
.	O

Permissive	O
hypoxaemia	O
during	O
ECMO	O
might	O
not	O
negatively	O
affect	O
long	O
-	O
term	O
cognitive	O
outcome	O
if	O
adequate	O
organ	B-ANAT
perfusion	O
is	O
maintained	O
.	O

To	O
do	O
so	O
,	O
lung	B-ANAT
recruitability	O
should	O
be	O
considered	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
the	O
avoidance	O
of	O
lung	B-ANAT
overstress	O
by	O
monitoring	O
transpulmonary	O
pressure	O
or	O
airway	B-ANAT
driving	O
pressure	O
.	O

We	O
report	O
here	O
the	O
efficacy	O
of	O
a	O
vaccine	O
consisting	O
of	O
chimeric	O
virus	B-ANAT
-	I-ANAT
like	I-ANAT
particles	I-ANAT
(	O
VLP	B-COMP
)	O
expressing	O
the	O
receptor	B-FUNC
binding	I-FUNC
domain	O
(	O
RBD	O
)	O
of	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
.	O
In	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
a	O
fusion	O
of	O
the	O
canine	O
parvovirus	B-DISO
(	O
CPV	B-SPEC
)	O
VP2	B-PRGE
structural	O
protein	B-CHED
gene	O
with	O
the	O
RBD	O
of	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
can	O
self	O
-	O
assemble	O
into	O
chimeric	O
,	O
spherical	O
VLP	B-COMP
(	O
sVLP	O
).	O

However	O
,	O
the	O
inability	O
to	O
cryopreserve	O
embryos	B-ANAT
significantly	O
reduces	O
its	O
broader	O
application	O
,	O
and	O
as	O
such	O
limits	O
the	O
capacity	O
to	O
utilize	O
elite	O
genetic	O
resources	O
internationally	O
.	O

At	O
the	O
same	O
time	O
,	O
the	O
results	O
of	O
a	O
recent	O
dromedary	B-SPEC
camel	B-SPEC
embryo	B-ANAT
transfer	O
study	O
which	O
produced	O
a	O
high	O
morphologic	O
integrity	O
and	O
survival	O
rate	O
of	O
Open	O
Pulled	O
Straw	O
-	O
vitrified	O
embryos	B-ANAT
are	O
also	O
discussed	O
.	O

219	O
CS	O
patients	O
were	O
categorized	O
by	O
the	O
maximum	O
intensity	O
of	O
ventilatory	O
support	O
they	O
needed	O
during	O
the	O
first	O
24h	O
into	O
MV	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
137	O
;	O
63	O
%)	O
,	O
NIV	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
26	O
;	O
12	O
%),	O
and	O
supplementary	O
oxygen	B-CHED
(	O
n	O
=	O
56	O
;	O
26	O
%)	O
groups	O
.	O

Health	O
-	O
care	O
workers	O
(	O
HCWs	O
)	O
are	O
at	O
risk	O
of	O
acquiring	O
and	O
transmitting	O
this	O
virus	B-SPEC
,	O
so	O
the	O
concerns	O
of	O
HCWs	O
in	O
Saudi	O
Arabia	O
regarding	O
MERS	O
were	O
evaluated	O
.	O

Since	O
then	O
,	O
several	O
concurrent	O
infections	B-DISO
have	O
been	O
reported	O
between	O
the	O
dengue	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
DENV	O
)	O
and	O
the	O
malaria	B-PATH
protozoans	O
,	O
Plasmodium	B-SPEC
falciparum	I-SPEC
and	O
Plasmodium	B-SPEC
vivax	I-SPEC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Identification	O
and	O
evolutionary	O
dynamics	O
of	O
two	O
novel	O
human	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
OC43	O
genotypes	O
associated	O
with	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
infections	O
:	O
phylogenetic	O
,	O
spatiotemporal	O
and	O
transmission	O
network	O
analyses	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Human	B-PRGE
coronavirus	I-PRGE
OC43	I-PRGE
(	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
OC43	I-SPEC
)	O
is	O
commonly	O
associated	O
with	O
respiratory	B-DISO
tract	I-DISO
infections	I-DISO
in	O
humans	B-SPEC
,	O
with	O
five	O
genetically	O
distinct	O
genotypes	O
(	O
A	O
to	O
E	O
)	O
described	O
so	O
far	O
.	O

In	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
we	O
obtained	O
the	O
full	O
-	O
length	O
genomes	O
of	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
OC43	I-SPEC
strains	O
from	O
two	O
previously	O
unrecognized	O
lineages	O
identified	O
among	O
patients	O
presenting	O
with	O
severe	O
upper	B-ANAT
respiratory	I-ANAT
tract	I-ANAT
symptoms	O
in	O
a	O
cross	O
-	O
sectional	O
molecular	O
surveillance	O
study	O
in	O
Kuala	O
Lumpur	O
,	O
Malaysia	O
,	O
between	O
2012	O
and	O
2013	O
.	O

The	O
dynamics	O
of	O
natural	O
infection	B-DISO
in	O
camels	B-SPEC
are	O
not	O
well	O
understood	O
.	O

Through	O
systematic	O
surveillance	O
in	O
Egypt	O
,	O
nasal	B-ANAT
,	O
rectal	O
,	O
milk	O
,	O
urine	B-ANAT
and	O
serum	B-COMP
samples	O
were	O
collected	O
from	O
camels	B-SPEC
between	O
June	O
2014	O
and	O
February	O
2016	O
.	O

An	O
outbreak	O
in	O
a	O
breeding	B-PROC
herd	O
,	O
showed	O
that	O
antibodies	B-COMP
rapidly	O
wane	O
,	O
that	O
camels	B-SPEC
become	O
re	O
-	O
infected	O
,	O
and	O
that	O
outbreaks	O
in	O
a	O
herd	O
are	O
sustained	O
for	O
an	O
extended	O
time	O
.	O

Our	O
results	O
support	O
the	O
hypothesis	O
that	O
camels	B-SPEC
are	O
a	O
reservoir	O
for	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
and	O
that	O
camel	B-SPEC
trade	O
is	O
an	O
important	O
route	O
of	O
introducing	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
into	O
importing	O
countries	O
.	O

This	O
paper	O
focuses	O
on	O
the	O
mechanisms	O
of	O
the	O
military	O
-	O
cooperative	O
emergency	B-DISO
response	O
to	O
infectious	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
--	O
the	O
joint	B-ANAT
working	O
mechanism	O
,	O
the	O
information	O
-	O
sharing	O
mechanism	O
,	O
the	O
research	O
collaboration	O
mechanism	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
joint	B-ANAT
disposal	O
mechanism	O
--	O
and	O
presents	O
a	O
sorted	B-PROC
summary	O
of	O
the	O
practices	O
and	O
experiences	O
of	O
cooperative	O
emergency	O
responses	O
to	O
infectious	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
.	O

Infections	B-DISO
of	O
the	O
respiratory	B-ANAT
tract	I-ANAT
can	O
lead	O
to	O
severe	O
complications	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
empyema	O
,	O
lung	B-DISO
abscesses	I-DISO
and	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
).	O

Although	O
a	O
definite	O
diagnosis	O
is	O
sometimes	O
difficult	O
or	O
even	O
impossible	O
to	O
establish	O
using	O
chest	O
X	B-SPEC
‑	I-SPEC
ray	I-SPEC
or	O
CT	O
,	O
there	O
are	O
several	O
findings	O
indicative	O
of	O
intrapulmonary	O
or	O
extrapulmonary	O
complications	O
of	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
.	O

Clinicians	O
should	O
re	O
-	O
evaluate	O
asthma	B-PATH
management	O
and	O
be	O
aware	O
of	O
the	O
complications	O
associated	O
with	O
asthma	B-DISO
attacks	I-DISO
such	O
as	O
stress	O
-	O
induced	O
cardiomyopathy	B-DISO
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Recognizing	O
apical	B-DISO
ballooning	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
is	O
challenging	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
a	O
history	O
of	O
respiratory	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
because	O
the	O
symptoms	O
of	O
the	O
last	O
entity	O
may	O
complicate	O
the	O
diagnostic	O
approach	O
.	O

Risk	O
factors	O
for	O
MERS	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
infections	B-DISO
in	O
humans	B-SPEC
are	O
incompletely	O
understood	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Understanding	O
the	O
early	O
dynamics	O
of	O
the	O
2014	O
porcine	B-SPEC
epidemic	I-SPEC
diarrhea	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
)	O
outbreak	O
in	O
Ontario	O
using	O
the	O
incidence	O
decay	O
and	O
exponential	O
adjustment	O
(	O
IDEA	B-SPEC
)	O
model	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Safety	O
tested	O
Modified	O
Vaccinia	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
Ankara	O
(	O
MVA	B-CHED
)	O
is	O
licensed	O
as	O
third	O
-	O
generation	O
vaccine	O
against	O
smallpox	B-DISO
and	O
serves	O
as	O
a	O
potent	O
vector	O
system	O
for	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
new	O
candidate	O
vaccines	O
against	O
infectious	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
and	O
cancer	B-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Emergency	B-DISO
department	O
(	O
ED	O
)	O
nurses	O
suffer	B-DISO
from	O
persistent	O
stress	O
after	O
experiencing	O
the	O
traumatic	O
event	O
of	O
exposure	O
to	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
),	O
which	O
can	O
subsequently	O
lead	O
to	O
burnout	O
.	O

ck	O
/	O
CH	O
/	O
LGX	O
/	O
111119	O
is	O
a	O
nephropathogenic	O
strain	O
,	O
although	O
it	O
had	O
broader	O
tissue	B-PROC
tropism	B-PROC
(	O
respiratory	O
,	O
digestive	B-PROC
,	O
urinary	O
,	O
and	O
reproductive	B-PROC
tracts	B-ANAT
)	O
among	O
chickens	B-SPEC
challenged	O
at	O
one	O
day	O
old	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Human	B-SPEC
infections	B-DISO
with	O
highly	O
pathogenic	O
avian	B-DISO
influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
(	O
H5N1	B-DISO
)	O
virus	B-SPEC
are	O
frequently	O
fatal	O
but	O
the	O
mechanisms	O
of	O
disease	O
remain	O
ill	B-DISO
-	O
defined	O
.	O

Conventional	O
intratracheal	O
inoculation	O
of	O
a	O
liquid	O
suspension	O
of	O
H5N1	B-DISO
influenza	I-DISO
virus	O
in	O
nonhuman	O
primates	B-SPEC
likely	O
results	O
in	O
efficient	O
clearance	O
of	O
virus	B-SPEC
within	O
the	O
upper	B-ANAT
respiratory	I-ANAT
tract	I-ANAT
and	O
rarely	O
produces	O
severe	O
disease	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Roles	O
of	O
regulatory	B-ANAT
T	I-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
and	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
10	I-FUNC
in	O
virus	B-SPEC
-	O
induced	O
demyelination	B-DISO
.	O

Also	O
,	O
these	O
infections	B-DISO
may	O
be	O
more	O
severe	O
in	O
immunocompromised	O
patients	O
than	O
in	O
the	O
general	O
population	O
.	O

Early	O
diagnosis	O
and	O
treatment	O
of	O
viral	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
continue	O
to	O
be	O
of	O
paramount	O
importance	O
in	O
immunocompromised	O
patients	O
;	O
because	O
once	O
viral	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
and	O
invasive	O
infections	B-DISO
are	O
evident	O
,	O
prognosis	O
can	O
be	O
grave	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Pulmonary	B-ANAT
exposure	O
to	O
the	O
plant	B-SPEC
toxin	O
ricin	B-FUNC
leads	O
to	O
respiratory	B-DISO
insufficiency	I-DISO
and	O
death	B-PROC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Bovine	O
respiratory	O
disease	O
complex	O
(	O
BRDC	O
)	O
is	O
frequently	O
found	O
in	O
cattle	B-SPEC
worldwide	O
.	O

The	O
etiology	O
of	O
BRDC	O
is	O
complicated	O
by	O
infections	B-DISO
with	O
multiple	O
pathogens	O
,	O
making	O
identification	O
of	O
the	O
causal	O
pathogen	O
difficult	O
.	O

TMV	B-SPEC
-	O
wt	O
was	O
paired	O
with	O
a	O
genetically	O
engineered	O
TMV	B-SPEC
-	O
lys	B-CHED
variant	O
that	O
displays	O
a	O
corona	B-CHED
of	O
lysine	B-CHED
side	O
chains	O
on	O
its	O
solvent	B-CHED
-	O
exposed	O
surface	O
.	O

Since	O
the	O
resulting	O
morphology	O
closely	O
resembles	O
the	O
3	O
-	O
dimensional	O
fibrous	O
network	O
of	O
an	O
extracellular	O
matrix	O
(	O
ECM	B-COMP
),	O
the	O
capability	O
of	O
the	O
TMV	B-SPEC
assemblies	O
to	O
support	O
the	O
adhesion	B-DISO
of	O
NIH	O
-	O
3T3	O
fibroblast	B-ANAT
cells	B-COMP
was	O
investigated	O
,	O
demonstrating	O
potential	O
utility	O
in	O
regenerative	O
medicine	B-CHED
.	O

Clinical	O
protocols	O
or	O
checklists	O
for	O
mechanically	O
ventilated	O
patients	O
were	O
available	O
in	O
128	O
of	O
133	O
(	O
96	O
%)	O
ICUs	O
,	O
low	O
tidal	O
volume	O
ventilation	O
for	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
in	O
54	O
of	O
132	O
(	O
41	O
%)	O
ICUs	O
,	O
prone	O
positioning	O
for	O
severe	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
in	O
37	O
of	O
134	O
(	O
28	O
%)	O
ICUs	O
,	O
and	O
family	B-SPEC
meetings	O
in	O
19	O
of	O
134	O
(	O
14	O
%)	O
ICUs	O
.	O

Variable	O
numbers	O
use	O
clinical	O
protocols	O
for	O
life	O
-	O
saving	O
therapies	O
,	O
and	O
few	O
use	O
structured	O
family	B-SPEC
engagement	O
strategies	O
.	O

In	O
single	O
viral	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
,	O
some	O
statistically	O
significant	O
differences	O
in	O
demographics	O
,	O
clinical	B-DISO
findings	I-DISO
,	O
disease	O
severity	O
and	O
outcome	O
were	O
found	O
between	O
children	O
with	O
different	O
viral	O
etiologies	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
X	O
-	O
ray	B-SPEC
Structure	O
and	O
Enzymatic	B-PROC
Activity	I-PROC
Profile	O
of	O
a	O
Core	O
Papain	B-ENZY
-	O
like	O
Protease	O
of	O
MERS	O
Coronavirus	B-SPEC
with	O
utility	O
for	O
structure	O
-	O
based	O
drug	O
design	O
.	O

Moreover	O
,	O
PLpro	O
-∆	O
Ubl2	B-PRGE
catalysis	O
against	O
different	O
substrates	O
and	O
a	O
purported	O
inhibitor	B-CHED
revealed	O
no	O
differences	O
in	O
catalytic	O
efficiency	O
,	O
substrate	O
specificity	O
,	O
and	O
inhibition	B-PROC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
The	O
First	O
Infant	O
Death	B-PROC
Associated	O
With	O
Human	B-PRGE
Coronavirus	I-PRGE
NL63	I-PRGE
Infection	B-DISO
.	O

However	O
,	O
the	O
drug	O
-	O
mediated	O
depletion	O
of	O
lipid	O
rafts	O
in	O
Vero	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
before	O
IBV	B-SPEC
attachment	O
significantly	O
reduced	O
the	O
expression	B-PROC
of	O
viral	O
structural	O
proteins	B-CHED
,	O
suggesting	O
that	O
drug	O
treatment	O
impaired	B-DISO
the	O
attachment	O
of	O
IBV	B-SPEC
to	O
the	O
cell	B-COMP
surface	I-COMP
.	O

Even	O
though	O
the	O
poultry	O
industry	O
extensively	O
vaccinates	O
against	O
IBV	B-SPEC
,	O
emergence	O
of	O
new	O
serotypes	O
and	O
variants	O
continually	O
occur	O
,	O
making	O
control	O
of	O
the	O
disease	O
difficult	O
.	O

Data	O
from	O
the	O
Saudi	O
Ministry	O
of	O
Health	O
of	O
confirmed	O
outbreak	O
and	O
non	O
-	O
outbreak	O
cases	O
of	O
MERS	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
CoV	O
)	O
infections	B-DISO
from	O
September	O
2012	O
through	O
October	O
2015	O
were	O
abstracted	O
and	O
analysed	O
.	O

It	O
was	O
relieved	O
by	O
sitting	O
up	O
straight	O
and	O
did	O
not	O
radiate	O
to	O
her	O
left	B-ANAT
arm	I-ANAT
or	O
jaw	B-ANAT
.	O

CT	O
angiography	O
of	O
the	O
chest	B-ANAT
with	O
axial	O
contrast	O
showed	O
mild	O
left	O
pleural	B-ANAT
effusion	I-ANAT
as	O
well	O
as	O
a	O
small	O
pericardial	B-DISO
effusion	I-DISO
with	O
bilateral	O
lower	O
lobe	B-ANAT
interstitial	B-ANAT
infiltrates	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Prevalence	O
of	O
Diabetes	B-DISO
in	O
the	O
2009	O
Influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
(	O
H1N1	O
)	O
and	O
the	O
Middle	O
East	O
Respiratory	O
Syndrome	B-DISO
Coronavirus	B-SPEC
:	O
A	O
Systematic	O
Review	O
and	O
Meta	B-SPEC
-	O
Analysis	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Over	O
the	O
past	O
two	O
decades	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
severe	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
outbreaks	O
such	O
as	O
the	O
2009	O
influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
(	O
H1N1	O
)	O
and	O
the	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
have	O
emerged	O
and	O
presented	O
a	O
considerable	O
global	O
public	O
health	O
threat	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Super	O
-	O
oxidized	O
water	B-CHED
inactivates	O
major	O
viruses	B-SPEC
circulating	O
in	O
swine	B-SPEC
farms	O
.	O

The	O
drug	O
was	O
sprayed	B-DISO
intra	O
-	O
orally	B-ANAT
(	O
3	O
×	O
daily	O
)	O
for	O
75	O
days	O
.	O

Of	O
the	O
94	O
individuals	O
who	O
completed	O
the	O
study	O
(	O
placebo	O
:	O
n	O
=	O
44	O
,	O
ARMS	B-DISO
-	O
I	O
:	O
n	O
=	O
50	O
),	O
six	O
presented	O
with	O
confirmed	O
URI	O
(	O
placebo	O
:	O
4	O
,	O
ARMS	B-DISO
-	O
I	O
:	O
2	O
),	O
representing	O
a	O
55	O
%	O
relative	O
reduction	O
,	O
albeit	O
this	O
was	O
statistically	O
not	O
significant	O
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Propofol	B-CHED
as	O
a	O
Risk	O
Factor	O
for	O
ICU	O
-	O
Acquired	O
Weakness	B-DISO
in	O
Septic	O
Patients	O
with	O
Acute	B-DISO
Respiratory	I-DISO
Failure	I-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Critical	B-DISO
illness	I-DISO
polyneuropathy	I-DISO
(	O
CIN	B-DISO
)	O
and	O
critical	B-DISO
illness	I-DISO
myopathy	I-DISO
(	O
CIM	O
),	O
together	O
""""	O
ICU	O
-	O
Acquired	O
weakness	B-DISO
(	O
ICUAW	O
"),"""	O
occur	O
frequently	O
in	O
septic	O
patients	O
.	O

An	O
interaction	O
through	O
sodium	O
channel	O
inactivation	B-DISO
is	O
hypothesized	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
MPLEx	O
:	O
a	O
method	O
for	O
simultaneous	O
pathogen	O
inactivation	B-DISO
and	O
extraction	O
of	O
samples	O
for	O
multi	O
-	O
omics	O
profiling	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
continued	O
emergence	O
and	O
spread	O
of	O
infectious	O
agents	O
is	O
of	O
great	O
concern	O
,	O
and	O
systems	O
biology	O
approaches	O
to	O
infectious	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
research	O
can	O
advance	O
our	O
understanding	O
of	O
host	B-COMP
-	O
pathogen	O
relationships	O
and	O
facilitate	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
new	O
therapies	O
and	O
vaccines	O
.	O

Molecular	O
characterization	O
of	O
infectious	B-DISO
samples	O
outside	O
of	O
appropriate	O
biosafety	O
containment	O
can	O
take	O
place	O
only	O
subsequent	O
to	O
pathogen	O
inactivation	B-DISO
.	O

In	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
we	O
report	O
the	O
emergence	O
,	O
mixed	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
,	O
and	O
genetic	O
characterization	O
of	O
15	O
novel	O
field	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
variants	O
with	O
large	O
genomic	O
deletions	O
.	O

Among	O
17	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
samples	O
isolated	O
from	O
individual	O
pigs	B-SPEC
,	O
all	O
of	O
them	O
contained	O
at	O
least	O
two	O
distinct	O
genotypes	O
with	O
large	O
genomic	O
deletions	O
,	O
and	O
94	O
.	O
1	O
%	O
of	O
them	O
were	O
found	O
to	O
consist	O
of	O
strains	O
with	O
an	O
intact	O
S	B-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
.	O

This	O
is	O
the	O
first	O
report	O
of	O
mixed	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
caused	O
by	O
various	O
genotypes	O
of	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
and	O
would	O
be	O
important	O
for	O
the	O
studies	O
of	O
viral	O
isolation	O
,	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
molecular	O
epidemiology	O
of	O
the	O
disease	O
.	O

Serum	B-COMP
pretreatment	O
of	O
the	O
nitrocellulose	B-CHED
also	O
eliminated	O
false	O
positives	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
This	O
clinical	O
observation	O
study	O
aimed	O
to	O
investigate	O
the	O
relationship	O
between	O
the	O
serum	O
levels	O
of	O
vascular	B-PROC
endothelial	B-ANAT
growth	B-PROC
factor	I-PROC
(	O
VEGF	B-PRGE
)	O
and	O
its	O
soluble	O
receptors	O
with	O
the	O
severity	O
and	O
the	O
occurrence	O
of	O
late	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
in	O
early	O
trauma	O
.	O

sVEGFR1	O
in	O
the	O
ARDS	O
group	O
was	O
significantly	O
higher	O
than	O
that	O
in	O
the	O
non	O
-	O
ARDS	B-DISO
group	O
(	O
p	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
0001	O
),	O
and	O
sVEGFR2	O
in	O
the	O
ARDS	B-DISO
group	O
was	O
significantly	O
lower	O
than	O
that	O
in	O
the	O
non	O
-	O
ARDS	B-DISO
group	O
(	O
p	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
0001	O
).	O

sVEGFR1	O
in	O
the	O
ARDS	B-DISO
group	O
was	O
significantly	O
higher	O
than	O
that	O
in	O
the	O
non	O
-	O
ARDS	B-DISO
group	O
(	O
p	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
0001	O
),	O
and	O
sVEGFR2	O
in	O
the	O
ARDS	B-DISO
group	O
was	O
significantly	O
lower	O
than	O
that	O
in	O
the	O
non	O
-	O
ARDS	B-DISO
group	O
(	O
p	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
0001	O
).	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
BACKGROUND	O
Pulmonary	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
are	O
a	O
major	O
cause	O
of	O
mortality	O
and	O
morbidity	O
in	O
patients	O
infected	O
with	O
human	B-DISO
immunodeficiency	I-DISO
virus	I-DISO
(	O
HIV	B-DISO
)	O
and	O
can	O
progress	O
rapidly	O
to	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
and	O
death	B-PROC
without	O
appropriate	O
therapy	O
.	O

CASE	O
REPORT	O
A	O
47	O
-	O
year	O
-	O
old	O
nonsmoking	O
Hispanic	O
man	B-CHED
with	O
advanced	O
HIV	B-PATH
infection	I-PATH
presented	O
with	O
severe	O
acute	O
necrotizing	B-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
secondary	O
to	O
R	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
equi	I-SPEC
.	O

Cytokine	O
analysis	O
revealed	O
that	O
the	O
level	O
of	O
serum	B-PRGE
granulocyte	B-FUNC
colony	I-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
stimulating	I-FUNC
factor	I-FUNC
(	O
G	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CSF	I-PRGE
)	O
was	O
significantly	O
higher	O
in	O
both	O
CoV	O
-	O
CNS	B-CHED
and	O
CoV	O
-	O
respiratory	B-DISO
tract	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
compared	O
with	O
healthy	O
controls	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Genetic	O
and	O
environmental	O
factors	O
,	O
i	O
.	O
e	O
.	O
infections	B-DISO
,	O
have	O
been	O
proposed	O
to	O
contribute	O
to	O
disease	O
induction	O
and	O
relapsing	O
events	O
in	O
multiple	B-DISO
sclerosis	I-DISO
(	O
MS	O
),	O
an	O
autoimmune	B-DISO
demyelinating	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
of	O
the	O
central	B-ANAT
nervous	I-ANAT
system	I-ANAT
(	O
CNS	B-CHED
).	O

The	O
results	O
showed	O
that	O
plasma	B-ANAT
potassium	B-CHED
,	O
sodium	O
,	O
chlorine	B-CHED
,	O
magnesium	B-CHED
,	O
calcium	B-CHED
,	O
and	O
phosphorus	B-CHED
levels	O
were	O
increased	O
.	O

The	O
relationship	O
between	O
maximum	O
PaCO	O
Severe	O
hypercapnia	B-DISO
appears	O
to	O
be	O
independently	O
associated	O
with	O
higher	O
ICU	O
mortality	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

In	O
addition	O
,	O
rpIFN	O
-	O
L1	O
exhibited	O
greater	O
antiviral	O
activity	O
against	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
of	O
IPEC	O
-	O
J2	O
cells	B-COMP
than	O
that	O
of	O
porcine	B-PRGE
IFN	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
alpha	I-PRGE
.	O

Phylogenetic	O
analysis	O
of	O
the	O
S1	B-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
showed	O
that	O
CK	O
/	O
CH	O
/	O
2010	O
/	O
JT	O
-	O
1	O
and	O
31	O
other	O
isolates	O
could	O
be	O
grouped	O
as	O
a	O
new	O
genotypic	O
cluster	O
.	O

Whole	O
-	O
genome	O
sequence	O
analysis	O
showed	O
that	O
CK	O
/	O
CH	O
/	O
2010	O
/	O
JT	O
-	O
1	O
originated	O
from	O
multiple	O
template	O
switches	O
among	O
QX	O
-	O
like	O
,	O
CK	O
/	O
CH	O
/	O
LSC	B-PRGE
/	O
99I	O
-,	O
tl	O
/	O
CH	O
/	O
LDT3	O
/	O
03	O
-	O
and	O
4	O
/	O
91	O
-	O
type	O
IBVs	O
.	O

Transmissible	O
gastroenteritis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
),	O
an	O
Alphacoronavirus	B-SPEC
genera	O
virus	B-SPEC
,	O
is	O
an	O
important	O
pathogen	O
that	O
mainly	O
infects	O
piglet	O
,	O
but	O
little	O
is	O
known	O
about	O
the	O
activation	O
of	O
the	O
host	B-COMP
immune	B-PROC
response	I-PROC
.	O

Finally	O
,	O
the	O
activation	O
of	O
IFN	B-PRGE
responses	O
induced	O
by	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
cannot	O
inhibit	O
viral	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
.	O

Methods	O
Samples	O
from	O
sick	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
96	O
)	O
and	O
dead	B-PROC
(	O
n	O
=	O
15	O
)	O
cats	B-SPEC
were	O
analysed	O
using	O
reverse	B-PROC
transcription	I-PROC
PCR	O
.	O

Tubular	O
parenchymal	O
cells	B-ANAT
,	I-ANAT
lymphoid	I-ANAT
and	O
plasma	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
in	O
kidney	B-ANAT
and	O
hepatocytes	B-ANAT
,	O
lymphoid	O
and	O
plasma	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
in	O
liver	B-ANAT
from	O
dead	B-PROC
cats	B-SPEC
were	O
also	O
positive	O
by	O
immunohistochemistry	O
for	O
the	O
viral	O
N	O
protein	B-CHED
.	O

FmoPV	O
RNA	O
-	O
positive	O
cats	B-SPEC
had	O
lower	O
median	O
red	B-ANAT
blood	I-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
count	O
,	O
haemoglobin	B-CHED
,	O
albumin	B-PRGE
,	O
albumin	B-PRGE
/	O
globulin	O
and	O
urobilinogen	B-CHED
and	O
higher	B-PRGE
alanine	I-PRGE
transaminase	I-PRGE
,	O
alkaline	B-PRGE
phosphatase	I-PRGE
and	O
bilirubin	B-CHED
compared	O
with	O
non	O
-	O
infected	O
cats	B-SPEC
.	O

Widespread	O
lymphoid	B-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
infiltrates	B-DISO
were	O
detected	O
in	O
the	O
renal	B-ANAT
cortex	I-ANAT
and	O
medullary	B-ANAT
regions	O
of	O
the	O
kidneys	B-ANAT
.	O

There	O
were	O
no	O
significant	O
differences	O
in	O
ruminal	O
,	O
abomasal	O
,	O
or	O
umbilical	B-ANAT
cord	I-ANAT
tissue	I-ANAT
inflammation	B-DISO
,	O
or	O
pathogen	O
test	O
-	O
positive	O
status	O
between	O
cases	O
and	O
controls	O
.	O

The	O
early	O
and	O
NC1	O
viruses	B-SPEC
had	O
KM91	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
like	I-PRGE
backgrounds	O
,	O
but	O
the	O
recurrent	O
viruses	B-SPEC
had	O
QX	O
-	O
like	O
genomic	O
backgrounds	O
.	O

The	O
absence	O
of	O
pure	B-FUNC
QX	O
-	O
like	O
viruses	B-SPEC
before	O
the	O
appearance	O
of	O
the	O
early	O
viruses	B-SPEC
suggests	O
that	O
the	O
viruses	B-SPEC
were	O
introduced	O
from	O
other	O
countries	O
after	O
recombination	B-PROC
,	O
but	O
the	O
NC1	O
viruses	B-SPEC
originated	O
in	O
Korea	O
.	O

The	O
recent	O
prevalence	O
of	O
recurrent	O
viruses	B-SPEC
with	O
different	O
genomic	O
backgrounds	O
and	O
spike	O
genes	O
from	O
the	O
early	O
and	O
the	O
NC1	O
viruses	B-SPEC
may	O
indicate	O
the	O
repeated	O
introduction	O
of	O
different	O
infectious	O
bronchitis	B-DISO
viruses	B-SPEC
from	O
other	O
countries	O
and	O
their	O
successful	O
evasion	O
of	O
vaccine	O
immunity	B-PROC
in	O
the	O
field	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Porcine	B-SPEC
epidemic	I-SPEC
diarrhea	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
),	O
which	O
is	O
the	O
causative	O
agent	O
of	O
porcine	B-SPEC
epidemic	B-DISO
diarrhea	I-DISO
in	O
China	O
and	O
other	O
countries	O
,	O
is	O
responsible	O
for	O
serious	O
economic	O
losses	O
in	O
the	O
pork	O
industry	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Update	O
on	O
low	O
-	O
dose	O
corticosteroids	B-CHED
.	O

Retrospective	O
propensity	O
-	O
score	O
analyses	O
also	O
suggest	O
that	O
LDC	B-PRGE
administered	O
in	O
severe	O
septic	B-DISO
shock	I-DISO
or	O
in	O
septic	B-DISO
shock	I-DISO
due	O
to	O
community	O
-	O
acquired	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
or	O
intestinal	B-DISO
perforation	I-DISO
may	O
improve	O
survival	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Middle	O
East	O
Respiratory	O
Syndrome	B-DISO
Corona	B-CHED
Virus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
is	O
transmitted	B-DISO
via	O
the	O
respiratory	B-ANAT
tract	I-ANAT
and	O
causes	O
severe	O
Acute	B-DISO
Respiratory	I-DISO
Distress	I-DISO
Syndrome	I-DISO
by	O
infecting	O
lung	B-ANAT
epithelial	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
and	O
macrophages	B-ANAT
.	O

These	O
findings	O
support	O
a	O
DPP4	B-PRGE
-	O
mediated	O
suppressive	O
action	O
of	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
in	O
macrophages	B-ANAT
and	O
suggest	O
a	O
potential	O
target	O
for	O
effective	O
elimination	B-PROC
of	O
its	O
pathogenicity	O
.	O

We	O
developed	O
an	O
efficient	O
and	O
rapid	O
method	O
with	O
high	O
specificity	O
for	O
the	O
Middle	O
East	O
Respiratory	O
Syndrome	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
),	O
based	O
on	O
one	O
-	O
pot	B-DISO
reverse	B-PROC
transcription	I-PROC
loop	O
-	O
mediated	O
isothermal	O
amplification	B-DISO
(	O
one	O
-	O
pot	B-DISO
RT	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
LAMP	I-PRGE
).	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
survival	O
predictors	O
and	O
optimal	O
mechanical	O
ventilator	O
settings	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
undergoing	O
extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenation	B-PROC
(	O
ECMO	O
)	O
are	O
uncertain	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Emerging	O
pathogenic	O
viruses	O
such	O
as	O
Ebola	O
and	O
Middle	O
Eastern	O
Respiratory	O
Syndrome	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
can	O
cause	O
acute	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
through	O
the	O
evasion	O
of	O
the	O
host	B-COMP
'	O
s	O
antiviral	B-CHED
immune	B-PROC
responses	I-PROC
and	O
by	O
inducing	O
the	O
upregulation	B-PROC
of	O
inflammatory	O
cytokines	O
.	O

Human	B-SPEC
rhinovirus	I-SPEC
is	O
the	O
most	O
commonly	O
encountered	O
respiratory	O
viral	O
pathogen	O
in	O
CF	O
although	O
adenovirus	B-DISO
,	O
bocavirus	B-SPEC
,	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
,	O
influenza	B-DISO
,	O
parainfluenza	B-DISO
,	O
metapneumovirus	B-SPEC
and	O
respiratory	B-SPEC
syncytial	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
are	O
all	O
also	O
responsible	O
for	O
infections	B-DISO
in	O
this	O
population	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Spontaneous	O
intracranial	B-DISO
hemorrhage	I-DISO
in	O
a	O
patient	O
with	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
corona	B-SPEC
virus	B-SPEC
.	O

She	O
never	O
had	O
uncontrolled	B-DISO
hypertension	I-DISO
,	O
or	O
coagulopathy	B-DISO
,	O
nor	O
she	O
received	O
antiplatelets	O
.	O

Paramedics	O
are	O
at	O
greater	O
risk	O
of	O
acquiring	O
these	O
infectious	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
compared	O
to	O
the	O
general	O
public	O
.	O

The	O
majority	O
of	O
patients	O
were	O
admitted	O
with	O
acute	B-DISO
leukemia	I-DISO
(	O
n	O
=	O
60	O
,	O
76	O
%),	O
8	O
(	O
10	O
%)	O
with	O
lymphoma	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
11	O
(	O
14	O
%)	O
with	O
chronic	B-DISO
leukemia	I-DISO
,	O
multiple	B-DISO
myeloma	I-DISO
,	O
or	O
myelodysplastic	B-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

nsp15	O
localizes	O
to	O
sites	O
of	O
RNA	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
,	O
but	O
whether	O
it	O
acts	O
independently	O
or	O
requires	O
additional	O
interactions	O
for	O
its	O
function	O
remains	O
unknown	O
.	O

To	O
begin	O
to	O
address	O
these	O
questions	O
,	O
we	O
created	O
an	O
in	O
situ	O
tagged	O
form	O
of	O
nsp15	O
using	O
the	O
prototypic	O
CoV	O
,	O
mouse	B-DISO
hepatitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
MHV	B-SPEC
).	O

there	O
were	O
101	O
ARDS	B-DISO
subjects	O
during	O
10	O
months	O
of	O
study	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
there	O
were	O
101	O
ARDS	B-DISO
subjects	O
during	O
10	O
months	O
of	O
study	O
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
the	O
short	O
-	O
term	O
survival	O
rate	O
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
in	O
developing	O
countries	O
including	O
Indonesia	O
is	O
still	O
low	O
and	O
early	O
management	O
with	O
optimal	O
treatment	O
provided	O
within	O
the	O
first	O
week	O
may	O
improve	O
the	O
survival	O
rate	O
.	O

Antiviral	B-CHED
therapy	O
was	O
instituted	O
in	O
influenza	B-DISO
-	O
positive	O
patients	O
.	O

Appropriate	O
preventive	O
strategies	O
like	O
influenza	B-DISO
vaccination	O
also	O
need	O
to	O
be	O
employed	O
routinely	O
.	O

Laboratory	O
findings	O
included	O
severe	O
hypoxemia	O
and	O
inflammatory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
.	O

Psychological	B-DISO
sequelae	O
are	O
also	O
frequent	O
following	O
the	O
trauma	O
of	O
widespread	O
epidermal	B-DISO
necrolysis	I-DISO
.	O

Type	B-PROC
I	I-PROC
IFN	I-PROC
production	I-PROC
induced	O
by	O
poly	O
I	O
·	O
C	O
or	O
Sendai	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
SeV	O
)	O
was	O
suppressed	O
by	O
the	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
N	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
.	O

These	O
findings	O
provide	O
an	O
insightful	O
interpretation	O
of	O
the	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
-	O
mediated	O
host	B-COMP
innate	O
immune	B-DISO
suppression	I-DISO
caused	O
by	O
the	O
N	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
outbreak	O
in	O
South	O
Korea	O
,	O
2015	O
:	O
epidemiology	O
,	O
characteristics	O
and	O
public	O
health	O
implications	O
.	O

The	O
main	O
underlying	O
diseases	O
were	O
respiratory	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
,	O
cancer	B-DISO
and	O
hypertension	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
evaluation	O
of	O
the	O
effect	O
of	O
sesquiterpenoids	B-CHED
on	O
porcine	B-SPEC
epidemic	I-SPEC
diarrhea	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
)	O
replication	O
showed	O
that	O
compounds	O
1	O
-	O
5	O
,	O
12	O
,	O
14	O
,	O
16	O
,	O
17	O
,	O
19	O
,	O
and	O
21	O
increased	O
cell	B-PROC
viability	I-PROC
against	O
cell	B-PROC
death	I-PROC
in	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
-	O
injected	O
cells	B-COMP
.	O

Accordingly	O
,	O
EndoU	O
-	O
deficient	O
viruses	B-SPEC
can	O
retain	O
replication	O
only	O
in	O
cells	B-COMP
that	O
are	O
deficient	O
in	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
I	I-PRGE
expression	B-PROC
or	O
sensing	O
,	O
and	O
in	O
cells	B-COMP
lacking	O
both	O
RNase	B-PRGE
L	I-PRGE
and	O
PKR	B-PRGE
.	O

Supportive	O
care	O
for	O
adults	O
with	O
ARDS	B-DISO
caused	O
by	O
respiratory	O
viruses	B-SPEC
is	O
similar	O
to	O
the	O
care	O
of	O
patients	O
with	O
ARDS	B-DISO
from	O
other	O
causes	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Polymerase	O
chain	O
reaction	O
-	O
based	O
diagnosis	O
has	O
become	O
the	O
standard	O
for	O
viral	O
pneumonia	O
and	O
other	O
respiratory	B-DISO
tract	I-DISO
infections	I-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Bats	B-SPEC
are	O
the	O
natural	O
reservoirs	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)-	O
like	O
coronaviruses	O
(	O
CoVs	O
)	O
and	O
likely	O
the	O
reservoir	O
of	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
(	O
MERS	O
)-	O
CoV	O
.	O
The	O
clinical	O
features	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
CoV	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
and	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
infection	B-DISO
are	O
similar	O
but	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
infection	B-DISO
progresses	O
to	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
more	O
rapidly	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Goblet	B-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
depletion	O
in	O
small	B-ANAT
intestinal	I-ANAT
villous	O
and	O
crypt	B-ANAT
epithelium	I-ANAT
of	O
conventional	O
nursing	B-PROC
and	O
weaned	B-PROC
pigs	B-SPEC
infected	O
with	O
porcine	B-SPEC
epidemic	I-SPEC
diarrhea	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
.	O

Conventional	O
9	O
-	O
day	O
-	O
old	O
nursing	B-PROC
pigs	B-SPEC
[	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
-	O
inoculated	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
9	O
);	O
Mock	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
11	O
)]	O
and	O
26	O
-	O
day	O
-	O
old	O
weaned	B-PROC
[	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
-	O
inoculated	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
11	O
);	O
Mock	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
9	O
)]	O
were	O
inoculated	O
orally	B-ANAT
[	O
8	O
.	O
9	O
log	O

So	O
far	O
,	O
specific	O
immunohistochemical	O
markers	O
for	O
camelid	O
immune	O
cells	B-COMP
are	O
rarely	O
commercially	O
available	O
,	O
and	O
cross	O
-	O
reactivity	O
studies	O
are	O
restricted	O
to	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
frozen	O
dromedary	B-SPEC
tissues	B-ANAT
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
VV	O
-	O
ECMO	O
was	O
indicated	O
in	O
8	O
ppARDS	O
patients	O
for	O
refractory	O
hypoxemia	O
(	O
median	O
partial	O
pressure	O
of	O
arterial	B-ANAT
oxygen	B-CHED
/	O
fraction	O
of	O
inspired	B-PROC
oxygen	B-CHED
:	O
68	O
[	O
range	O
,	O
60	O
to	O
75	O
]	O
mm	O
Hg	O
).	O

Nidoviruses	B-SPEC
are	O
characterized	O
by	O
their	O
polycistronic	O
plus	O
-	O
stranded	O
RNA	O
genome	O
,	O
the	O
production	O
of	O
subgenomic	O
mRNAs	O
and	O
the	O
conservation	O
of	O
a	O
specific	O
array	O
of	O
replicase	B-PRGE
domains	O
,	O
including	O
key	O
RNA	O
-	O
synthesizing	O
enzymes	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Glycyrrhizin	B-CHED
inhibits	O
porcine	B-SPEC
epidemic	I-SPEC
diarrhea	I-SPEC
virus	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
and	O
attenuates	O
the	O
proinflammatory	O
responses	O
by	O
inhibition	O
of	O
high	B-PRGE
mobility	I-PRGE
group	I-PRGE
box	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
.	O

In	O
summary	O
,	O
our	O
studies	O
provide	O
a	O
molecular	O
basis	O
for	O
developing	O
novel	O
therapeutic	O
methods	O
to	O
control	O
PEDV	O
infection	B-DISO
,	O
based	O
on	O
glycyrrhizin	B-CHED
and	O
its	O
derivatives	O
.	O

Pigs	B-SPEC
were	O
allotted	O
based	O
on	O
BW	O
and	O
sex	O
,	O
stratified	O
across	O
3	O
treatments	O
with	O
8	O
pens	O
per	O
treatment	O
.	O

Overall	O
,	O
Control	O
and	O
PDCoV	O
pigs	B-SPEC
did	O
not	O
differ	O
in	O
ADG	O
,	O
ADFI	O
or	O
G	O
:	O
F	O
(	O
>	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
).	O

During	O
the	O
first	O
week	O
of	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
,	O
patients	O
were	O
categorized	O
as	O
:	O
no	O
pediatric	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
or	O
mild	O
,	O
moderate	O
,	O
or	O
severe	O
pediatric	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
based	O
on	O
oxygenation	B-PROC
index	O
or	O
oxygen	B-CHED
saturation	O
index	O
.	O

Nonsurvivors	O
had	O
a	O
higher	O
median	O
maximum	O
oxygenation	B-PROC
index	O
than	O
survivors	O
at	O
28	O
.	O
6	O
(	O
interquartile	O
range	O
,	O
15	O
.	O
5	O
-	O
49	O
.	O
9	O
)	O
versus	O
15	O
.	O
0	O
(	O
interquartile	O
range	O
,	O
8	O
.	O
4	O
-	O
29	O
.	O
6	O
)	O
(	O
p	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
0001	O
).	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Healthcare	O
personnel	O
often	O
use	O
incorrect	O
technique	O
for	O
donning	O
and	O
doffing	O
of	O
personal	O
protective	O
equipment	O
(	O
PPE	B-CHED
).	O

We	O
tested	O
the	O
hypothesis	O
that	O
medical	O
students	O
receive	O
insufficient	O
training	O
on	O
correct	O
methods	O
for	O
donning	O
and	O
doffing	O
PPE	B-CHED
.	O

To	O
obtain	O
additional	O
information	O
on	O
PPE	B-CHED
training	O
during	O
medical	O
education	O
,	O
residents	O
,	O
fellows	O
,	O
and	O
attending	O
physicians	O
completed	O
written	O
questionnaires	O
on	O
PPE	B-CHED
training	O
received	O
during	O
medical	O
school	O
and	O
on	O
knowledge	O
of	O
PPE	B-CHED
protocols	O
recommended	O
by	O
the	O
Centers	O
for	O
Disease	O
Control	O
and	O
Prevention	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
One	O
of	O
the	O
most	O
commonly	O
applied	O
protectotype	O
vaccination	O
protocol	O
against	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
(	O
IB	O
)	O
in	O
broiler	O
chickens	B-SPEC
in	O
the	O
EU	O
is	O
simultaneous	O
or	O
alternate	O
use	O
of	O
Ma5	O
and	O
4	O
/	O
91	O
vaccine	O
strains	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
We	O
'	O
ve	O
investigated	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
URT	O
and	O
systemic	O
,	O
cell	B-COMP
-	O
mediated	O
and	O
humoral	B-PROC
immunity	I-PROC
in	O
commercial	O
broiler	O
chickens	B-SPEC
vaccinated	O
with	O
Ma5	B-PRGE
and	O
/	O
or	O
4	O
/	O
91	O
strains	O
at	O
hatch	B-PROC
day	O
.	O

The	O
maximal	O
recruitment	B-DISO
strategy	O
(	O
MRS	B-DISO
)	O
maneuver	O
,	O
which	O
implements	O
gradual	O
increments	O
of	O
positive	O
end	O
expiratory	B-PROC
pressure	O
(	O
PEEP	B-CHED
)	O
followed	O
by	O
PEEP	B-CHED
titration	O
,	O
produced	O
improvements	O
in	O
PF	O
ratio	O
,	O
carbon	O
dioxide	O
elimination	B-PROC
and	O
dynamic	O
strain	O
in	O
all	O
23	O
in	O
-	O
silico	O
patients	O
considered	O
.	O

Reduced	O
cardiac	B-ANAT
output	O
in	O
the	O
moderate	O
and	O
mild	O
in	O
silico	O
ARDS	B-DISO
patients	O
produced	O
significant	O
drops	O
in	O
oxygen	B-CHED
delivery	O
during	O
the	O
RM	O
(	O
average	O
decrease	O
of	O
423	O
ml	O
min	O
Our	O
results	O
support	O
the	O
hypothesis	O
that	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
ARDS	B-DISO
and	O
significant	O
numbers	O
of	O
alveolar	B-ANAT
units	O
available	O
for	O
recruitment	B-DISO
may	O
benefit	O
more	O
from	O
RMs	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Scopus	B-SPEC
database	O
was	O
searched	O
for	O
the	O
following	O
pathogens	O
/	O
infectious	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
:	O
Ebola	O
,	O
Marburg	O
,	O
Lassa	O
,	O
Rift	O
valley	O
,	O
Crimean	O
-	O
Congo	O
,	O
Nipah	O
,	O
Middle	O
Eastern	O
Respiratory	O
Syndrome	B-DISO
(	O
MERS	O
),	O
and	O
Severe	O
Respiratory	O
Acute	O
Syndrome	B-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
).	O

METHODS	O
:	O
Scopus	B-SPEC
database	O
was	O
searched	O
for	O
the	O
following	O
pathogens	O
/	O
infectious	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
:	O
Ebola	O
,	O
Marburg	O
,	O
Lassa	O
,	O
Rift	O
valley	O
,	O
Crimean	O
-	O
Congo	O
,	O
Nipah	O
,	O
Middle	O
Eastern	O
Respiratory	O
Syndrome	B-DISO
(	O
MERS	O
),	O
and	O
Severe	O
Respiratory	O
Acute	O
Syndrome	B-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
).	O

RESULTS	O
Hemodynamics	B-PROC
and	O
oxygenation	B-PROC
parameters	O
were	O
significantly	O
improved	O
after	O
ECMO	O
initiation	O
.	O

While	O
79	O
%	O
were	O
aware	O
that	O
the	O
disease	O
can	O
transmit	O
through	O
droplet	O
from	O
infected	O
person	O
,	O
only	O
12	O
%	O
stated	O
that	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
transmits	O
via	O
camels	B-SPEC
;	O
people	O
in	O
Saudi	O
Arabia	O
were	O
better	O
aware	O
of	O
the	O
transmission	O
.	O

The	O
WHO	O
report	O
conjectured	O
that	O
the	O
sanitary	O
plumbing	O
system	O
was	O
one	O
transmission	O
route	O
for	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Inflammation	B-DISO
-	O
induced	O
caveolin	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
and	O
BMPRII	B-PRGE
depletion	O
promotes	O
endothelial	B-DISO
dysfunction	I-DISO
and	O
TGF	O
-	O
β	O
-	O
driven	O
pulmonary	O
vascular	B-ANAT
remodeling	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Endothelial	B-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
(	O
EC	O
)	O
activation	O
and	O
vascular	B-ANAT
injury	O
are	O
hallmark	O
features	O
of	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
(	O
ALI	O
)	O
and	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
).	O

To	O
better	O
understand	O
the	O
prevalence	O
situation	O
,	O
we	O
conducted	O
molecular	O
epidemiological	O
analyses	O
of	O
38	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
strains	O
isolated	O
from	O
13	O
cities	O
in	O
Shandong	O
Province	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Comparison	O
and	O
evaluation	O
of	O
conventional	O
RT	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
PCR	I-PRGE
,	O
SYBR	B-CHED
green	I-CHED
I	I-CHED
and	O
TaqMan	O
real	O
-	O
time	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
assays	O
for	O
the	O
detection	O
of	O
porcine	O
epidemic	O
diarrhea	O
virus	O
.	O

We	O
ascertained	O
the	O
epidemiologic	O
link	O
between	O
patients	O
and	O
calculated	O
the	O
secondary	O
attack	O
rate	O
per	O
10	O
,	O
000	O
patients	O
visiting	O
the	O
ER	O
(	O
SAR	B-PRGE
/	O
10	O
,	O
000	O
)	O
in	O
3	O
phases	O
of	O
the	O
outbreak	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
(	O
MERS	O
)	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
and	O
dromedaries	B-SPEC
.	O

MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
is	O
mainly	O
acquired	O
in	O
dromedaries	B-SPEC
when	O
they	O
are	O
less	O
than	O
1	O
year	O
of	O
age	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
proportion	O
of	O
seropositivity	O
increases	O
with	O
age	O
to	O
a	O
seroprevalence	O
of	O
100	O
%	O
in	O
adult	O
dromedaries	B-SPEC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Seroprevalence	O
and	O
risk	O
factors	O
for	O
infection	B-DISO
with	O
equine	B-SPEC
coronavirus	B-SPEC
in	O
healthy	O
horses	B-SPEC
in	O
the	O
USA	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
In	O
addition	O
to	O
severe	O
hypoxia	B-DISO
and	O
hypercapnia	B-DISO
,	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
can	O
present	O
with	O
substantial	O
hemodynamic	B-PROC
compromise	O
,	O
requiring	O
inotropic	O
or	O
vasopressor	O
support	O
or	O
both	O
.	O

Either	O
venovenous	O
(	O
VV	O
)	O
or	O
venoarterial	O
(	O
VA	O
)	O
extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenation	B-PROC
(	O
ECMO	O
)	O
can	O
be	O
offered	O
in	O
this	O
situation	O
.	O

VV	O
ECMO	O
was	O
associated	O
with	O
less	O
gastrointestinal	B-DISO
bleeding	I-DISO
and	O
hemolysis	B-DISO
,	O
but	O
overall	O
rates	O
of	O
bleeding	B-DISO
,	O
stroke	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
renal	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
were	O
similar	O
.	O

Multivariable	O
regression	O
analysis	O
revealed	O
VV	O
ECMO	O
to	O
be	O
an	O
independent	O
predictor	O
of	O
survival	O
to	O
discharge	B-ANAT
relative	O
to	O
VA	O
ECMO	O
.	O

This	O
study	O
showed	O
that	O
the	O
developed	O
rRT	O
-	O
PCR	O
assays	O
are	O
rapid	O
,	O
reliable	O
,	O
reproducible	O
,	O
specific	O
,	O
sensitive	O
,	O
and	O
simple	O
tools	O
for	O
detection	O
of	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
.	O
Finally	O
,	O
a	O
kit	B-FUNC
consisting	O
of	O
two	O
assay	O
signatures	O
and	O
controls	O
was	O
assembled	O
,	O
which	O
can	O
be	O
distributed	O
to	O
public	O
health	O
laboratories	O
in	O
Iran	O
to	O
support	O
international	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
surveillance	O
and	O
public	O
health	O
response	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Scrotal	B-ANAT
Abscess	I-DISO
:	O
A	O
Rare	O
Presentation	O
of	O
Complicated	O
Necrotizing	B-DISO
Pancreatitis	I-DISO
.	O

It	O
seems	O
that	O
the	O
scrotal	B-DISO
abscess	I-DISO
is	O
a	O
very	O
rare	O
complication	B-DISO
of	O
necrotizing	B-DISO
pancreatitis	I-DISO
.	O

We	O
performed	O
MTT	B-CHED
and	O
neutral	O
red	O
uptake	O
assays	O
to	O
assess	O
the	O
survival	O
rates	O
of	O
MERS	O
-	O
infected	O
Vero	O
E6	O
cells	B-COMP
.	O

By	O
consecutive	O
administration	O
of	O
resveratrol	B-CHED
,	O
we	O
were	O
able	O
to	O
reduce	O
the	O
concentration	O
of	O
resveratrol	B-CHED
while	O
achieving	O
inhibitory	O
effectiveness	O
against	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
.	O
In	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
we	O
first	O
demonstrated	O
that	O
resveratrol	B-CHED
is	O
a	O
potent	O
anti	O
-	O
MERS	O
agent	O
in	O
vitro	O
.	O

We	O
perceive	O
that	O
resveratrol	B-CHED
can	O
be	O
a	O
potential	O
antiviral	B-CHED
agent	I-CHED
against	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
infection	B-DISO
in	O
the	O
near	O
future	O
.	O

Risk	O
factors	O
for	O
experiencing	O
anxiety	O
symptoms	O
and	O
anger	O
at	O
four	O
to	O
six	O
months	O
after	O
release	B-PATH
included	O
symptoms	O
related	O
to	O
MERS	O
during	O
isolation	O
,	O
inadequate	O
supplies	O
(	O
food	O
,	O
clothes	O
,	O
accommodation	O
),	O
social	O
networking	O
activities	O
(	O
email	O
,	O
text	O
,	O
Internet	O
),	O
history	O
of	O
psychiatric	O
illnesses	O
,	O
and	O
financial	O
loss	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenation	B-PROC
(	O
ECMO	B-PROC
)	O
is	O
performed	O
as	O
an	O
acceptable	O
life	O
-	O
saving	O
bridging	O
procedure	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
).	O
To	O
patients	O
with	O
avian	B-DISO
influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
(	O
H7N9	O
)-	O
associated	O
ARDS	B-DISO
,	O
ECMO	B-PROC
could	O
be	O
adopted	O
as	O
a	O
feasible	O
therapeutic	O
solution	O
.	O

Bleeding	B-DISO
and	O
infection	B-DISO
almost	O
killed	O
the	O
patient	O
'	O
s	O
life	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Polymerase	O
cross	O
-	O
linking	O
spiral	O
reaction	O
(	O
PCLSR	O
)	O
for	O
detection	O
of	O
African	B-SPEC
swine	I-SPEC
fever	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
ASFV	O
)	O
in	O
pigs	B-SPEC
and	O
wild	B-SPEC
boars	I-SPEC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Mitochondrial	B-ANAT
DNA	I-ANAT
-	O
Induced	O
Inflammatory	B-DISO
Responses	I-DISO
and	O
Lung	B-ANAT
Injury	O
in	O
Thermal	O
Injury	O
Rat	B-SPEC
Model	O
:	O
Protective	O
Effect	O
of	O
Epigallocatechin	O
Gallate	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Lungs	B-ANAT
are	O
easily	O
damaged	O
by	O
the	O
inflammatory	B-DISO
responses	I-DISO
induced	O
after	O
extensive	O
burns	O
.	O

Our	O
results	O
suggest	O
that	O
mtDNA	B-COMP
is	O
important	O
for	O
thermal	O
injury	O
-	O
induced	O
inflammation	B-DISO
and	O
associated	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

However	O
,	O
the	O
association	O
between	O
the	O
local	O
immune	B-PROC
responses	I-PROC
induced	O
by	O
IBV	B-SPEC
and	O
the	O
mechanisms	O
of	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
has	O
not	O
yet	O
been	O
completely	O
elucidated	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Risk	O
factors	O
for	O
poor	O
prognosis	O
in	O
children	O
with	O
severe	O
adenovirus	B-DISO
pneumonia	B-DISO
].	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
investigate	O
the	O
risk	O
factors	O
for	O
poor	O
prognosis	O
of	O
severe	O
adenovirus	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
(	O
SAP	O
)	O
in	O
children	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
porcine	B-SPEC
epidemic	I-SPEC
diarrhea	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
)	O
antibody	B-COMP
-	O
based	O
assays	O
is	O
important	O
for	O
detecting	O
infected	O
animals	B-SPEC
,	O
confirming	O
previous	O
virus	B-SPEC
exposure	O
,	O
and	O
monitoring	O
sow	O
herd	B-PROC
immunity	I-PROC
.	O

However	O
,	O
the	O
effects	O
of	O
DOX	O
,	O
which	O
is	O
widely	O
used	O
in	O
porcine	B-SPEC
husbandry	O
by	O
feed	O
,	O
on	O
the	O
porcine	B-SPEC
intestinal	B-ANAT
epithelium	I-ANAT
are	O
unclear	O
.	O

Patients	O
were	O
stratified	O
according	O
to	O
the	O
antibiotic	B-CHED
strategy	O
administered	O
:	O
(	O
i	O
)	O
fluoroquinolone	O
-	O
based	O
versus	O
non	O
-	O
fluoroquinolone	O
-	O
based	O
therapy	O
;	O
and	O
(	O
ii	O
)	O
monotherapy	O
versus	O
combination	O
therapy	O
.	O

We	O
evaluated	O
whether	O
supernatants	O
from	O
effusions	B-DISO
retain	O
the	O
ability	O
to	O
induce	O
cell	B-COMP
clumping	O
and	O
assessed	O
the	O
diagnostic	O
accuracy	O
of	O
this	O
modified	O
ΔTNC	O
method	O
.	O

ΔTNC	O
was	O
measured	O
on	O
fresh	B-ANAT
samples	O
and	O
on	O
frozen	O
-	O
thawed	O
supernatants	O
after	O
the	O
addition	O
of	O
feline	B-SPEC
blood	B-ANAT
at	O
1	O
:	O
10	O
dilution	O
.	O

Diagnostic	O
accuracy	O
was	O
assessed	O
at	O
the	O
cutoffs	O
of	O
suggestive	O
of	O
FIP	B-DISO
(	O
ΔTNC	O
=	O
1	O
.	O
7	O
)	O
and	O
consistent	O
with	O
FIP	B-DISO
(	O
ΔTNC	O
=	O
3	O
.	O
4	O
).	O

Most	O
patients	O
(	O
93	O
%)	O
with	O
indirect	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
from	O
sepsis	B-DISO
presented	O
with	O
concurrent	O
multiple	B-DISO
organ	I-DISO
dysfunction	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
,	O
whereas	O
patients	O
with	O
direct	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
had	O
both	O
concurrent	O
(	O
56	O
%)	O
and	O
new	O
(	O
12	O
%)	O
multiple	B-DISO
organ	I-DISO
dysfunction	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Epigenetic	O
Landscape	O
during	O
Coronavirus	B-DISO
Infection	I-DISO
.	O

Epigenetics	B-PROC
research	O
investigates	O
the	O
genetic	O
and	O
non	O
-	O
genetic	O
factors	O
that	O
regulate	O
phenotypic	O
variation	O
,	O
usually	O
caused	O
by	O
external	O
and	O
environmental	O
factors	O
that	O
alter	O
host	B-COMP
expression	B-PROC
patterns	O
and	O
performance	O
without	O
any	O
change	O
in	O
the	O
underlying	O
genotype	O
.	O

Genomic	O
sequence	O
analysis	O
revealed	O
open	O
reading	O
frames	O
encoding	O
polyproteins	O
of	O
2	O
,	O
331	O
(	O
HuN1	O
,	O
2	O
and	O
3	O
)	O
and	O
2	O
,	O
332	O
(	O
HuN4	O
)	O
amino	B-CHED
acids	I-CHED
.	O

In	O
addition	O
,	O
recombination	B-PROC
analysis	O
among	O
PSVs	B-DISO
indicates	O
that	O
a	O
recombinant	O
(	O
HuN2	O
strain	O
)	O
exist	O
in	O
China	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Zoonotic	O
transmission	O
of	O
novel	O
viruses	O
represents	O
a	O
significant	O
threat	O
to	O
global	O
public	O
health	O
and	O
is	O
fueled	O
by	O
globalization	O
,	O
the	O
loss	O
of	O
natural	O
habitats	O
,	O
and	O
exposure	O
to	O
new	O
hosts	B-COMP
.	O

This	O
study	O
was	O
designed	O
to	O
assess	O
attitudes	O
to	O
,	O
and	O
awareness	O
of	O
,	O
infection	B-DISO
prevention	O
and	O
control	O
policies	O
and	O
guidelines	O
among	O
healthcare	O
workers	O
of	O
different	O
professions	O
and	O
institution	O
types	O
in	O
Saudi	O
Arabia	O
.	O

Carelessness	O
of	O
healthcare	O
workers	O
was	O
the	O
top	O
-	O
cited	O
factor	O
contributing	O
to	O
causes	O
of	O
outbreaks	O
(	O
65	O
.	O
07	O
%	O
of	O
total	O
group	O
),	O
and	O
hospital	O
infrastructure	O
and	O
design	O
was	O
the	O
top	O
-	O
cited	O
factor	O
contributing	O
to	O
spread	O
of	O
infection	B-DISO
in	O
the	O
hospital	O
(	O
54	O
.	O
20	O
%),	O
followed	O
closely	O
by	O
lack	O
and	O
shortage	O
of	O
staff	O
(	O
53	O
.	O
71	O
%)	O
and	O
no	O
infection	B-DISO
control	O
training	O
program	O
(	O
51	O
.	O
73	O
%).	O

We	O
have	O
identified	O
areas	O
of	O
concern	O
among	O
healthcare	O
workers	O
in	O
Saudi	O
Arabia	O
on	O
infection	B-DISO
prevention	O
and	O
control	O
which	O
vary	O
between	O
institutions	O
and	O
among	O
different	O
professions	O
.	O

Recent	O
outbreaks	O
,	O
including	O
those	O
caused	O
by	O
the	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
and	O
Ebola	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
,	O
have	O
highlighted	O
the	O
importance	O
of	O
infection	B-DISO
control	O
.	O

Moreover	O
,	O
HAIs	O
,	O
especially	O
those	O
caused	O
by	O
multidrug	O
-	O
resistant	O
Gram	O
-	O
negative	O
rods	B-ANAT
,	O
have	O
become	O
a	O
top	O
global	O
priority	O
.	O

While	O
evidence	O
-	O
based	O
infection	B-DISO
prevention	O
and	O
control	O
(	O
IPC	O
)	O
principles	O
and	O
practices	O
are	O
universal	O
,	O
studies	O
are	O
needed	O
to	O
evaluate	O
simplified	O
approaches	O
that	O
can	O
be	O
better	O
adapted	O
to	O
LMIC	O
needs	O
,	O
in	O
order	B-SPEC
to	O
guide	O
IPC	B-CHED
in	O
practice	O
.	O

A	O
group	O
of	O
experts	O
from	O
around	O
the	O
world	O
attended	O
a	O
workshop	O
held	O
at	O
the	O
17th	O
International	O
Congress	O
on	O
Infectious	B-DISO
Diseases	I-DISO
in	O
Hyderabad	O
,	O
India	O
in	O
March	O
2016	O
,	O
to	O
discuss	O
the	O
existing	O
IPC	B-CHED
practices	O
in	O
LMICs	O
,	O
and	O
how	O
best	O
these	O
can	O
be	O
improved	O
within	O
the	O
local	O
context	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Identification	O
and	O
evaluation	O
of	O
potent	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
3CL	O
ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
causes	O
severe	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
illness	O
with	O
fever	B-PROC
,	O
cough	B-DISO
and	O
shortness	B-DISO
of	I-DISO
breath	I-DISO
.	O

Community	O
-	O
ARI	B-CHED
and	O
inpatient	O
-	O
ARI	B-CHED
was	O
also	O
combined	O
with	O
mild	O
and	O
severe	O
cases	O
of	O
influenza	B-DISO
from	O
a	O
historical	O
prospective	O
study	O
as	O
mild	O
-	O
ARI	B-CHED
and	O
severe	O
-	O
ARI	B-CHED
respectively	O
to	O
evaluate	O
the	O
performance	O
of	O
clinical	O
case	O
definitions	O
.	O

Therefore	O
,	O
the	O
aim	O
of	O
this	O
study	O
was	O
to	O
develop	O
a	O
duplex	O
real	O
-	O
time	O
reverse	B-PROC
transcription	I-PROC
(	O
RT	O
)-	O
PCR	O
method	O
for	O
the	O
simultaneous	O
detection	O
of	O
these	O
viruses	B-SPEC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Dromedary	O
camels	B-SPEC
from	O
Africa	O
and	O
Arabia	O
are	O
an	O
established	O
source	O
for	O
zoonotic	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
infection	B-DISO
among	O
humans	B-SPEC
.	O

Using	O
an	O
indirect	O
immunofluorescence	O
assay	O
(	O
IFA	O
)	O
and	O
a	O
commercial	O
ELISA	O
kit	B-FUNC
as	O
reference	O
,	O
we	O
optimized	O
the	O
nsp5	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
ELISA	I-PRGE
and	O
determined	O
its	O
cut	O
-	O
off	O
as	O
0	O
.	O
12	O
.	O

The	O
diagnostic	O
sensitivity	O
(	O
DSN	B-DISO
),	O
specificity	O
(	O
DSP	O
)	O
and	O
accuracy	O
of	O
the	O
nsp5	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
ELISA	I-PRGE
were	O
93	O
.	O
11	O
%,	O
95	O
.	O
38	O
%	O
and	O
93	O
.	O
33	O
%,	O
respectively	O
,	O
compared	O
with	O
IFA	O
in	O
660	O
field	O
serum	B-COMP
samples	O
,	O
and	O
were	O
98	O
.	O
11	O
%,	O
95	O
.	O
00	O
%	O
and	O
97	O
.	O
62	O
%,	O
respectively	O
,	O
compared	O
with	O
the	O
commercial	O
IBV	O
ELISA	O
kit	B-FUNC
(	O
IDEXX	O
)	O
in	O
126	O
field	O
sera	B-COMP
samples	O
.	O

The	O
host	B-COMP
factors	O
associated	O
with	O
high	O
CFR	O
were	O
pre	O
-	O
existing	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
,	O
smoking	O
history	O
,	O
an	O
incubation	O
period	O
of	O
less	O
than	O
5	O
days	O
,	O
leukocytosis	B-DISO
,	O
abnormal	B-DISO
renal	I-DISO
function	I-DISO
at	O
diagnosis	O
,	O
and	O
respiratory	B-DISO
symptoms	I-DISO
such	O
as	O
sputum	B-ANAT
and	O
dyspnea	B-DISO
.	O

During	O
a	O
return	O
flight	B-PROC
to	O
the	O
United	O
States	O
,	O
she	O
developed	O
increasing	O
dyspnea	B-DISO
and	O
hypoxemia	O
that	O
rapidly	O
developed	O
into	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
that	O
led	O
to	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

First	O
,	O
we	O
expressed	B-PROC
the	O
S1	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
This	O
study	O
aimed	O
to	O
explore	O
the	O
effects	O
of	O
continuous	O
blood	B-ANAT
purification	O
(	O
CBP	B-PRGE
)	O
treatment	O
in	O
pigs	B-SPEC
affected	O
with	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
).	O

In	O
the	O
group	O
of	O
dogs	B-SPEC
with	O
diarrhoea	B-DISO
the	O
prevalence	O
of	O
DogCV	O
was	O
20	O
.	O
1	O
%	O
(	O
37	O
/	O
184	O
),	O
in	O
the	O
healthy	O
control	O
group	O
it	O
was	O
7	O
.	O
3	O
%	O
(	O
6	O
/	O
82	O
).	O

Therefore	O
,	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
could	O
be	O
detected	O
significantly	O
more	O
frequently	O
in	O
dogs	B-SPEC
with	O
diarrhoea	B-DISO
.	O

In	O
approximately	O
50	O
%	O
of	O
the	O
DogCV	O
-	O
positive	O
dogs	B-SPEC
,	O
infections	B-DISO
with	O
other	O
enteropathogenic	O
organisms	O
were	O
diagnosed	O
.	O

The	O
role	O
of	O
co	O
-	O
infection	O
in	O
the	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
of	O
the	O
disease	O
remains	O
unclear	O
,	O
but	O
there	O
appears	O
to	O
be	O
an	O
association	O
between	O
co	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
and	O
disease	O
severity	O
.	O

Evidence	O
of	O
DogCV	O
in	O
clinically	O
healthy	O
dogs	B-SPEC
appears	O
important	O
for	O
the	O
epidemiology	O
and	O
raises	O
questions	O
about	O
its	O
pathogenicity	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
The	O
pathogens	O
profile	O
in	O
children	O
with	O
otitis	B-DISO
media	I-DISO
with	I-DISO
effusion	B-ANAT
and	O
adenoid	B-DISO
hypertrophy	I-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
evaluate	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
viruses	O
and	O
bacteria	B-SPEC
in	O
middle	B-ANAT
ear	I-ANAT
and	O
adenoids	B-ANAT
of	O
patients	O
with	O
and	O
without	O
otitis	B-DISO
media	I-DISO
with	I-DISO
effusion	B-ANAT
(	O
OME	O
).	O

Adenoid	B-ANAT
samples	O
and	O
middle	B-ANAT
ear	I-ANAT
washes	O
(	O
MEW	O
)	O
were	O
obtained	O
from	O
children	O
with	O
OME	O
associated	O
with	O
adenoid	B-DISO
hypertrophy	I-DISO
undergoing	O
adenoidectomy	O
and	O
tympanostomy	O
,	O
and	O
compared	O
to	O
those	O
obtained	O
from	O
patients	O
undergoing	O
cochlear	B-ANAT
implant	O
surgery	O
,	O
as	O
a	O
control	O
group	O
.	O

These	O
findings	O
could	O
suggest	O
that	O
these	O
pathogens	O
could	O
contribute	O
to	O
the	O
fluid	O
persistence	O
in	O
the	O
middle	B-ANAT
ear	I-ANAT
.	O

It	O
causes	O
severe	O
viral	B-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
and	O
is	O
associated	O
with	O
a	O
high	O
fatality	O
rate	O
.	O

The	O
characteristic	O
inflammatory	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
in	O
the	O
lungs	B-ANAT
of	O
rhesus	B-SPEC
macaques	I-SPEC
and	O
common	B-SPEC
marmosets	I-SPEC
were	O
eosinophils	B-ANAT
and	O
neutrophils	B-ANAT
,	O
respectively	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Evolutionary	O
and	O
epidemiological	O
analyses	O
based	O
on	O
spike	O
genes	O
of	O
porcine	B-SPEC
epidemic	B-DISO
diarrhea	I-DISO
virus	I-SPEC
circulating	O
in	O
Thailand	O
in	O
2008	O
-	O
2015	O
.	O

In	O
the	O
study	O
,	O
117	O
complete	O
spike	O
gene	O
sequences	O
of	O
Thai	O
PED	O
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
)	O
collected	O
from	O
2008	O
to	O
2015	O
were	O
clustered	O
along	O
with	O
95	O
references	O
of	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
spike	O
sequences	O
,	O
and	O
analyzed	O
with	O
the	O
US	O
sequences	O
dataset	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
99	O
).	O

Uncertainties	O
remain	O
as	O
to	O
whether	O
or	O
not	O
ARDS	B-DISO
patients	O
in	O
the	O
postoperative	O
period	O
of	O
abdominal	B-ANAT
surgery	O
should	O
be	O
turned	O
prone	O
because	O
of	O
the	O
risk	O
of	O
abdominal	B-ANAT
complications	O
.	O

The	O
first	O
prone	O
session	O
significantly	O
increased	O
PaO	B-PROC
Prone	O
position	O
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
patients	O
after	O
abdominal	B-ANAT
surgery	O
was	O
not	O
associated	O
with	O
an	O
increased	O
rate	O
of	O
surgical	O
complication	B-DISO
.	O

It	O
has	O
been	O
suggested	O
that	O
administration	O
of	O
buprenorphine	B-CHED
,	O
a	O
partial	O
μ	O
-	O
opioid	B-CHED
receptor	I-CHED
agonist	I-CHED
,	O
to	O
an	O
opioid	O
-	O
intoxicated	O
patient	O
may	O
result	O
in	O
reversal	O
of	O
respiratory	B-DISO
depression	I-DISO
with	O
less	O
severe	O
withdrawal	B-DISO
signs	B-DISO
and	I-DISO
symptoms	I-DISO
.	O

However	O
,	O
the	O
characteristics	O
of	O
influenza	B-DISO
in	O
Southeast	O
of	O
China	O
haven	O
'	O
t	O
been	O
fully	O
studied	O
.	O

To	O
induce	O
VRC	O
formation	B-PROC
,	O
these	O
viruses	B-SPEC
extensively	O
rewire	O
lipid	B-PROC
metabolism	I-PROC
.	O

Dynamic	O
gene	B-PROC
expression	I-PROC
analysis	O
revealed	O
key	O
genes	O
that	O
performed	O
important	O
functions	O
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
Findings	O
demonstrated	O
that	O
the	O
tool	O
was	O
easy	O
to	O
use	O
,	O
effective	O
in	O
supporting	O
discussion	O
and	O
in	O
assisting	O
participants	O
in	O
reaching	B-PROC
consensus	O
on	O
rating	O
a	O
large	O
number	O
of	O
JHSC	O
characteristics	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Severity	O
of	O
Hypoxemia	O
and	O
Effect	O
of	O
High	O
-	O
Frequency	O
Oscillatory	O
Ventilation	O
in	O
Acute	B-DISO
Respiratory	I-DISO
Distress	I-DISO
Syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

The	O
aim	O
of	O
this	O
individual	O
patient	O
data	O
meta	B-SPEC
-	O
analysis	O
was	O
to	O
identify	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
patient	O
subgroups	O
with	O
differential	O
outcomes	O
from	O
HFOV	O
.	O

We	O
enrolled	O
patients	O
from	O
five	O
academic	O
PICUs	B-SPEC
between	O
2008	O
and	O
2015	O
.	O

We	O
measured	O
biomarker	B-CHED
levels	O
in	O
194	O
patients	O
,	O
including	O
38	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
nonsurvivors	O
.	O

In	O
pediatric	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
,	O
pro	B-CHED
-	O
and	O
anti	O
-	O
inflammatory	O
cytokines	O
are	O
strongly	O
associated	O
with	O
mortality	O
,	O
ICU	O
morbidity	O
,	O
and	O
biochemical	O
evidence	O
of	O
endothelial	B-ANAT
injury	O
.	O

STAT2	B-PRGE
cleavage	B-PROC
was	O
dependent	O
on	O
the	O
protease	B-PROC
activity	I-PROC
of	O
nsp5	B-PRGE
.	O

The	O
results	O
of	O
our	O
study	O
demonstrate	O
that	O
PDCoV	B-PRGE
nsp5	I-PRGE
antagonizes	O
type	B-PRGE
I	I-PRGE
IFN	I-PRGE
signaling	B-PROC
by	O
cleaving	O
STAT2	B-PRGE
and	O
provides	O
structural	O
insights	O
for	O
comprehending	O
the	O
cleavage	B-PROC
mechanism	O
of	O
PDCoV	B-PRGE
nsp5	I-PRGE
,	O
revealing	O
a	O
potential	O
new	O
function	O
for	O
PDCoV	B-PRGE
nsp5	I-PRGE
in	O
type	B-PRGE
I	I-PRGE
IFN	I-PRGE
signaling	B-PROC
.	O

Monitoring	O
of	O
the	O
status	O
of	O
such	O
proteins	B-CHED
will	O
be	O
important	O
to	O
track	O
viral	O
pathogenicity	O
.	O

There	O
were	O
marked	O
changes	O
in	O
the	O
root	B-ANAT
-	O
mean	O
-	O
square	O
deviation	O
(	O
RMSD	O
)	O
in	O
the	O
ubiquitin	B-PRGE
like	I-PRGE
domain	I-PRGE
(	O
Ubl	B-PRGE
)	O
and	O
the	O
fingers	B-ANAT
subdomain	O
of	O
the	O
catalytic	O
domain	O
of	O
Plpro	O
.	O

We	O
report	O
here	O
several	O
crystal	B-ANAT
structures	O
of	O
RNA	O
-	O
bound	O
human	B-PRGE
IFIT1	I-PRGE
,	O
including	O
a	O
1	O
.	O
6	O
-	O
Å	O
complex	O
with	O
capped	O
RNA	O
.	O

Tidal	O
volume	O
and	O
positive	O
end	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
expiratory	I-PROC
pressure	O
had	O
no	O
impact	O
on	O
mortality	O
.	O

Plateau	O
pressure	O
was	O
slightly	O
better	O
than	O
driving	O
pressure	O
in	O
predicting	O
hospital	O
death	B-PROC
in	O
patients	O
managed	O
with	O
lung	B-ANAT
-	O
protective	O
ventilation	O
evaluated	O
on	O
standardized	O
ventilator	O
settings	O
24	O
hours	O
after	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
onset	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Natural	B-CHED
product	I-CHED
-	O
inspired	B-PROC
esters	B-CHED
and	O
amides	B-CHED
of	O
ferulic	O
and	O
caffeic	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
as	O
dual	O
inhibitors	B-CHED
of	O
HIV	O
-	O
1	O
reverse	B-PRGE
transcriptase	I-PRGE
.	O

All	O
pre	O
-	O
BD	O
quantitative	O
sagittal	B-ANAT
features	O
measuring	O
diaphragm	B-ANAT
flattening	O
and	O
hyperinflation	B-DISO
were	O
not	O
significantly	O
different	O
between	O
patients	O
with	O
COPD	O
and	O
patients	O
with	O
ACOS	O
(	O
P	O
values	O
all	O
>	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
).	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
relation	O
between	O
viral	O
load	O
and	O
disease	O
severity	O
in	O
childhood	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
tract	O
infections	O
(	O
ARI	B-CHED
)	O
is	O
not	O
fully	O
understood	O
.	O

As	O
the	O
tonsils	B-ANAT
of	O
healthy	O
individuals	O
are	O
already	O
heavily	O
and	O
diversely	O
colonized	O
,	O
the	O
identification	O
of	O
significant	O
pathogens	O
is	O
challenging	O
.	O

To	O
explore	O
the	O
microbiology	O
of	O
PTA	B-DISO
with	O
a	O
special	O
attention	O
to	O
Fusobacterium	B-SPEC
necrophorum	I-SPEC
(	O
FN	O
).	O

To	O
characterize	O
patients	O
with	O
PPA	B-DISO
,	O
explore	O
the	O
relationship	O
between	O
PPA	B-DISO
and	O
PTA	B-DISO
,	O
identify	O
the	O
pathogens	O
associated	O
with	O
PPA	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
review	O
our	O
management	O
of	O
PPA	B-DISO
.	O

We	O
also	O
analysed	O
sera	B-COMP
taken	O
acutely	O
and	O
at	O
least	O
two	O
weeks	O
after	O
surgery	O
for	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
anti	O
-	O
FN	O
antibodies	B-COMP
.	O

Using	O
PCR	O
analysis	O
for	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
herpes	B-DISO
simplex	I-DISO
1	I-DISO
and	O
2	O
,	O
adenovirus	B-DISO
,	O
influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
and	O
B	O
,	O
Epstein	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
Barr	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
EBV	O
),	O
and	O
respiratory	B-SPEC
syncytial	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
A	O
and	O
B	O
,	O
we	O
explored	O
a	O
possible	O
role	O
of	O
viruses	B-SPEC
in	O
PTA	B-DISO
.	O

We	O
found	O
that	O
smoking	O
was	O
associated	O
with	O
increased	O
risk	O
of	O
PTA	B-DISO
for	O
both	O
genders	O
and	O
across	O
all	O
age	O
groups	O
.	O

Conclusions	O
on	O
causality	O
cannot	O
be	O
drawn	O
from	O
this	O
retrospective	O
study	O
,	O
but	O
the	O
pathophysiology	O
behind	O
the	O
increased	O
risk	O
of	O
PTA	B-DISO
in	O
smokers	O
may	O
be	O
related	O
to	O
,	O
previously	O
shown	O
,	O
alterations	O
in	O
the	O
tonsillar	B-ANAT
,	O
bacterial	O
flora	O
or	O
the	O
local	O
and	O
systemical	O
inflammatory	O
and	O
immunological	O
milieu	O
.	O

We	O
therefore	O
suggest	O
that	O
combined	O
tonsillectomy	O
and	O
intrapharyngeal	O
incision	B-ANAT
in	O
cases	O
where	O
PTA	B-DISO
is	O
present	O
or	O
suspected	O
.	O

The	O
results	O
of	O
our	O
routine	O
cultures	O
could	O
not	O
support	O
a	O
frequent	O
role	O
of	O
FN	O
in	O
PPA	B-DISO
.	O

Bacteremia	B-DISO
during	O
abscess	B-DISO
tonsillectomy	O
is	O
no	O
more	O
prevalent	O
than	O
during	O
elective	O
tonsillectomy	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Feline	O
infectious	O
peritonitis	O
(	O
FIP	B-DISO
)	O
is	O
a	O
fatal	O
disease	O
with	O
no	O
clinically	O
effective	O
treatment	O
.	O

The	O
survival	O
times	O
in	O
our	O
study	O
were	O
significantly	O
longer	O
in	O
cats	B-SPEC
who	O
were	O
not	O
treated	O
with	O
corticosteroids	B-CHED
concurrently	O
with	O
PI	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
This	O
article	O
reviews	O
the	O
current	O
epidemiology	O
and	O
clinical	O
presentation	O
of	O
Middle	O
East	O
Respiratory	O
Syndrome	O
Coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
infection	B-DISO
and	O
describes	O
the	O
preparedness	O
plan	B-DISO
of	O
several	O
countries	O
.	O

MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
is	O
a	O
relatively	O
new	O
virus	O
,	O
and	O
this	O
work	O
is	O
intended	O
to	O
add	B-DISO
to	O
the	O
still	O
-	O
sparse	O
data	O
on	O
its	O
epidemiology	O
,	O
modes	O
of	O
transmission	O
,	O
natural	O
history	O
,	O
and	O
clinical	O
features	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
to	O
describe	O
the	O
preparedness	O
plan	B-DISO
for	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
infection	B-DISO
in	O
several	O
countries	O
.	O

Neuropathological	O
findings	O
consisted	O
of	O
granulomatous	B-DISO
meningoencephalitis	I-DISO
and	O
larvae	O
and	O
adult	O
females	O
of	O
Halicephalobus	B-SPEC
gingivalis	I-SPEC
were	O
isolated	O
and	O
identified	O
from	O
the	O
digested	B-PROC
brain	B-ANAT
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Immune	B-PROC
response	I-PROC
of	O
gilts	O
to	O
single	O
and	O
double	O
infection	B-DISO
with	O
porcine	B-SPEC
epidemic	I-SPEC
diarrhea	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
.	O

In	O
summary	O
,	O
a	O
single	O
infection	B-DISO
at	O
gilt	O
acclimatization	B-PROC
resulted	O
in	O
slightly	O
increased	O
serum	B-COMP
antibody	B-COMP
titers	O
as	O
determined	O
by	O
VN	O
assay	O
and	O
IgG	B-PRGE
ELISA	O
,	O
but	O
not	O
by	O
IgA	B-PRGE
ELISA	O
.	O

We	O
describe	O
a	O
fatal	O
case	O
of	O
rhabdomyolysis	B-DISO
with	O
acute	B-DISO
renal	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
complicated	O
by	O
SFTS	O
.	O

This	O
study	O
measured	O
the	O
overall	O
level	O
of	O
disease	O
-	O
related	O
worry	O
during	O
the	O
MERS	O
outbreak	O
period	O
in	O
Korea	O
and	O
the	O
influencing	O
factors	O
and	O
levels	O
of	O
disease	O
-	O
related	O
worry	O
during	O
key	O
outbreak	O
periods	B-PROC
.	O

However	O
,	O
the	O
macropinocytosis	B-PROC
inhibitors	B-CHED
could	O
not	O
impede	O
virus	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
once	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
had	O
entered	O
host	B-COMP
cells	B-COMP
.	O

Comparative	O
analysis	O
of	O
the	O
amino	B-CHED
acids	I-CHED
encoded	O
by	O
the	O
S	O
genes	O
revealed	O
the	O
N	O
-	O
terminal	O
of	O
the	O
deduced	O
JSCZ1601	O
S	O
protein	O
had	O
a	O
novel	O
two	O
-	O
amino	O
-	O
acid	O
deletion	O
(	O
N58	O
and	O
S59	O
)	O
compared	O
with	O
all	O
identified	O
genogroups	O
.	O

The	O
animal	B-SPEC
experiment	O
revealed	O
that	O
this	O
strain	O
was	O
high	O
pathogenic	O
to	O
neonatal	O
pigs	B-SPEC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Betacoronavirus	B-SPEC
Adaptation	B-PROC
to	O
Humans	B-SPEC
Involved	O
Progressive	O
Loss	O
of	O
Hemagglutinin	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
Esterase	I-PRGE
Lectin	B-PROC
Activity	I-PROC
.	O

The	O
findings	O
suggest	O
that	O
the	O
dynamics	O
of	O
virion	B-COMP
-	O
glycan	B-CHED
interactions	O
contribute	O
to	O
host	B-COMP
tropism	B-PROC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Up	O
to	O
80	O
%	O
of	O
sore	B-DISO
throats	I-DISO
are	O
caused	O
by	O
viruses	B-SPEC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
BACKGROUND	O
Guillain	O
-	O
Barré	O
syndrome	O
(	O
GBS	B-DISO
)	O
is	O
an	O
acute	B-DISO
inflammatory	I-DISO
demyelinating	I-DISO
polyneuropathy	I-DISO
that	O
is	O
usually	O
associated	O
with	O
preceding	O
respiratory	O
or	O
gastrointestinal	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
and	O
has	O
the	O
hallmark	O
manifestation	O
of	O
ascending	O
flaccid	B-DISO
paralysis	I-DISO
.	O

Head	B-ANAT
and	O
chest	B-ANAT
imaging	O
was	O
unrevealing	O
.	O

Thirty	O
-	O
three	O
ARDS	B-DISO
patients	O
(	O
5	O
mild	O
,	O
10	O
moderate	O
,	O
9	O
severe	O
without	O
extracorporeal	O
support	O
,	O
ECMO	O
,	O
and	O
9	O
severe	O
with	O
it	O
)	O
underwent	O
two	O
low	O
-	O
dose	O
end	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
expiratory	I-PROC
CT	O
scans	O
at	O
PEEP	B-CHED
5	O
and	O
15	O
cmH	B-DISO
The	O
lung	B-ANAT
tissue	I-ANAT
which	O
is	O
opened	O
between	O
30	O
and	O
45	O
cmH	B-DISO
Data	O
show	O
that	O
the	O
prerequisites	O
of	O
the	O
open	O
lung	B-ANAT
strategy	O
are	O
not	O
satisfied	O
using	O
PEEP	B-CHED
up	O
to	O
15	O
cmH	B-DISO
Clinicaltrials	O
.	O
gov	O
identifier	O
:	O
NCT01670747	O
(	O
www	O
.	O
clinicaltrials	O
.	O
gov	O
).	O

This	O
article	O
reviews	O
these	O
options	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

Compared	O
with	O
P120	O
,	O
P160	O
replicated	O
less	O
efficiently	O
in	O
the	O
intestine	O
of	O
pigs	B-SPEC
and	O
induced	O
a	O
lower	O
rate	O
of	O
protection	O
after	O
challenge	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
the	O
overall	O
pattern	O
of	O
attenuation	O
-	O
related	O
genetic	O
changes	O
in	O
PC22A	O
differed	O
from	O
those	O
of	O
the	O
other	O
four	O
pairs	O
of	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
wild	O
type	O
strains	O
and	O
their	O
attenuated	O
derivatives	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Group	B-SPEC
A	I-SPEC
rotaviruses	I-SPEC
(	O
RVA	O
)	O
are	O
regarded	O
as	O
major	O
enteric	O
pathogens	O
of	O
large	O
ruminants	B-SPEC
,	O
including	O
cattle	B-SPEC
.	O

Rotavirus	B-SPEC
antigen	B-CHED
was	O
detected	O
by	O
enzyme	O
-	O
immunoassay	O
in	O
the	O
intestinal	B-ANAT
content	I-ANAT
or	O
the	O
fecal	B-ANAT
samples	O
of	O
all	O
examined	O
animals	B-SPEC
.	O

Besides	O
RVA	O
,	O
bovine	B-SPEC
coronavirus	B-SPEC
and	O
bovine	B-SPEC
enteric	I-SPEC
calicivirus	I-SPEC
were	O
detected	O
in	O
some	O
samples	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Effects	O
of	O
early	O
administration	O
of	O
acetazolamide	B-CHED
on	O
the	O
duration	O
of	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
chronic	O
obstructive	O
pulmonary	O
disease	O
or	O
obesity	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
hypoventilation	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
with	O
metabolic	B-DISO
alkalosis	I-DISO
.	O

Test	O
-	O
treatment	O
,	O
ACTZ	O
500	O
mg	O
or	O
placebo	O
,	O
was	O
daily	O
administered	O
if	O
pH	O
>	O
7	O
.	O
35	O
and	O
bicarbonate	B-CHED
>	O
26	O
mmol	O
/	O
L	O
.	O
Clinical	O
,	O
respiratory	O
and	O
laboratory	O
parameters	O
were	O
recorded	O
.	O

There	O
were	O
no	O
significant	O
differences	O
between	O
groups	O
in	O
comorbidities	O
,	O
baseline	O
characteristics	O
or	O
arterial	B-ANAT
blood	I-ANAT
gases	O
at	O
inclusion	O
.	O

Between	O
-	O
group	O
comparison	O
of	O
estimated	O
marginal	O
means	O
(	O
CI	O
95	O
%)	O
during	O
MV	O
were	O
,	O
respectively	O
:	O
PaCO	O
Among	O
patients	O
with	O
MA	O
and	O
COPD	O
or	O
OHS	B-DISO
,	O
early	O
treatment	O
with	O
ACTZ	O
did	O
not	O
shorten	O
significantly	O
the	O
duration	O
of	O
MV	O
compared	O
with	O
placebo	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
The	O
median	O
(	O
interquartile	O
range	O
)	O
time	O
from	O
site	O
receipt	O
of	O
the	O
protocol	O
to	O
REB	B-PRGE
submission	O
was	O
73	O
(	O
30	O
-	O
126	O
)	O
days	O
;	O
to	O
REB	O
approval	O
,	O
158	O
(	O
42	O
-	O
188	O
)	O
days	O
;	O
to	O
DSA	O
completion	O
,	O
276	O
(	O
186	O
-	O
312	O
)	O
days	O
;	O
and	O
to	O
study	O
screening	O
initiation	O
,	O
293	O
(	O
269	O
-	O
391	O
)	O
days	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Resection	O
and	O
Primary	O
Closure	O
of	O
Edematous	B-DISO
Glossoepiglottic	O
Mucosa	B-ANAT
in	O
a	O
Dog	B-SPEC
Causing	O
Laryngeal	B-ANAT
Obstruction	I-DISO
.	O

The	O
causes	O
of	O
death	B-PROC
were	O
multi	O
-	O
system	B-ANAT
organ	I-ANAT
failure	O
and	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

Autophagy	B-PROC
also	O
plays	O
an	O
important	O
part	O
in	O
virus	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
and	O
propagation	O
.	O

PHEV	O
triggered	O
autophagy	B-PROC
in	O
Neuro	O
-	O
2a	O
cells	B-COMP
is	O
dependent	O
on	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
bulk	O
double	O
-	O
or	O
single	O
-	O
membrane	B-COMP
vacuoles	B-COMP
,	O
the	O
accumulation	O
of	O
GFP	O
-	O
LC3	O
fluorescent	O
dots	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
LC3	O
lipidation	O
.	O

We	O
also	O
investigated	O
the	O
change	O
in	O
viral	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
by	O
pharmacological	O
experiments	O
with	O
the	O
autophagy	B-PROC
inducer	O
rapamycin	B-CHED
or	O
the	O
autophagy	B-PRGE
inhibitor	B-CHED
3	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
MA	I-PRGE
,	O
and	O
the	O
lysosomal	B-ANAT
inhibitor	B-CHED
chloroquine	B-CHED
(	O
CQ	O
).	O

To	O
evaluate	O
agreement	O
among	O
TTW	O
and	O
NS	O
,	O
NPS	B-DISO
,	O
or	O
BAL	B-ENZY
for	O
identification	O
of	O
viral	O
and	O
bacterial	O
pathogens	O
in	O
dairy	O
calves	O
with	O
BRD	O
.	O

Agreement	O
among	O
TTW	O
and	O
NS	O
,	O
NPS	B-DISO
,	O
or	O
BAL	B-ENZY
was	O
evaluated	O
by	O
calculating	O
the	O
kappa	O
statistic	O
and	O
percent	O
positive	O
agreement	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Agreement	O
among	O
TTW	O
and	O
NS	O
,	O
TTW	O
and	O
NPS	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
TTW	O
and	O
BAL	B-ENZY
,	O
was	O
very	O
good	O
for	O
identification	O
of	O
P	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
multocida	I-SPEC
,	O
M	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
haemolytica	I-SPEC
,	O
and	O
M	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
bovis	I-SPEC
.	O

Pneumonia	B-DISO
occurred	O
in	O
63	O
.	O
64	O
%,	O
42	O
.	O
31	O
%,	O
and	O
32	O
.	O
42	O
%	O
of	O
adenovirus	B-DISO
,	O
influenza	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
RSV	B-PRGE
RVI	I-PRGE
episodes	O
,	O
respectively	O
,	O
but	O
was	O
also	O
non	O
-	O
negligible	O
in	O
the	O
more	O
benign	O
viruses	B-SPEC
,	O
such	O
as	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
31	O
.	O
58	O
%)	O
and	O
rhinovirus	B-SPEC
(	O
23	O
.	O
68	O
%).	O

Serological	O
data	O
suggest	O
that	O
lineage	O
A	O
betacoronavirus	B-SPEC
infections	B-DISO
are	O
commonly	O
infecting	O
horses	B-SPEC
in	O
Saudi	O
Arabia	O
and	O
Oman	O
but	O
antibody	B-COMP
cross	O
-	O
reactivities	O
between	O
these	O
viruses	B-SPEC
do	O
not	O
permit	B-SPEC
us	O
to	O
use	O
serological	O
data	O
alone	O
to	O
identify	O
which	O
coronaviruses	O
are	O
causing	O
these	O
infections	B-DISO
.	O

Instead	O
,	O
the	O
compound	O
could	O
depress	O
the	O
activity	O
of	O
IMPDH	B-PRGE
type	I-PRGE
II	I-PRGE
.	O

Based	O
on	O
these	O
findings	O
,	O
we	O
further	O
confirmed	O
that	O
N30	O
provided	O
a	O
strong	O
inhibition	O
on	O
the	O
replication	O
of	O
respiratory	B-SPEC
syncytial	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
,	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
,	O
enterovirus	B-SPEC
71	O
and	O
a	O
diverse	O
strains	O
of	O
coxsackie	O
B	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
The	O
results	O
demonstrated	O
that	O
N30	O
inhibited	O
the	O
replication	O
of	O
H1N1	O
,	O
H3N2	B-CHED
,	O
influenza	B-DISO
B	O
viruses	B-SPEC
,	O
including	O
oseltamivir	B-CHED
and	O
amantadine	B-CHED
resistant	O
strains	O
in	O
vitro	O
.	O

In	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
we	O
found	O
the	O
miR	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
21a	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
5p	I-PRGE
is	O
notably	O
up	O
-	O
regulated	O
in	O
the	O
brains	B-ANAT
of	O
mice	B-SPEC
and	O
N2a	O
cells	B-COMP
infected	O
with	O
PHEV	O
,	O
and	O
it	O
down	O
-	O
regulated	O
the	O
expression	B-PROC
of	O
CASK	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
interactive	I-PRGE
protein1	I-PRGE
(	O
Caskin1	B-PRGE
)	O
by	O
directly	O
targeting	B-PROC
the	O
3	O
'-	O
UTR	O
of	O
Caskin1	O
using	O
a	O
Dual	O
-	O
Luciferase	B-ENZY
reporter	O
assay	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
ORF3a	O
deletion	O
in	O
field	O
strains	O
of	O
porcine	B-SPEC
-	O
transmissible	O
gastroenteritis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
in	O
China	O
:	O
A	O
hint	O
of	O
association	O
with	O
porcine	O
respiratory	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
.	O

Phylogenetic	O
tree	O
analysis	O
of	O
ORF3	O
showed	O
that	O
the	O
eight	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
ORF3	O
genes	O
all	O
belonged	O
to	O
the	O
Miller	O
cluster	O
.	O

For	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
we	O
aimed	O
to	O
determine	O
the	O
minimum	O
infectious	B-DISO
dose	O
for	O
the	O
spray	O
-	O
administered	O
ArkDPI	O
vaccine	O
,	O
which	O
we	O
designate	O
as	O
the	O
dose	O
that	O
achieves	O
the	O
same	O
level	O
of	O
infection	B-DISO
and	O
replication	O
as	O
the	O
eye	B-ANAT
drop	O
-	O
administered	O
ArkDPI	O
vaccine	O
.	O

This	O
study	O
also	O
represents	O
the	O
first	O
description	O
of	O
a	O
DNA	O
-	O
launched	O
reverse	O
genetics	O
system	O
for	O
the	O
highly	O
virulent	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
.	O

By	O
concentrating	O
drugs	O
in	O
inflamed	O
alveoli	B-ANAT
,	O
PELs	B-CHED
solve	O
pharmacological	O
challenge	O
(	O
1	O
)	O
above	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Respiratory	O
DNA	O
viruses	B-SPEC
are	O
undetectable	O
in	O
nasopharyngeal	B-ANAT
secretions	B-ANAT
from	O
adenotonsillectomized	O
children	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
),	O
is	O
an	O
emerging	O
pathogen	O
that	O
continues	O
to	O
cause	O
outbreaks	O
in	O
the	O
Arabian	O
peninsula	O
and	O
in	O
travelers	O
from	O
this	O
region	O
,	O
raising	O
the	O
concern	O
that	O
a	O
global	O
pandemic	O
could	O
occur	O
.	O

Here	O
,	O
we	O
show	O
that	O
a	O
DNA	O
vaccine	O
encoding	O
the	O
first	O
725	O
amino	B-CHED
acids	I-CHED
(	O
S1	O
)	O
of	O
MERS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
spike	I-PRGE
(	I-PRGE
S	I-PRGE
)	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
induces	O
antigen	B-CHED
-	O
specific	O
humoral	O
and	O
cellular	B-PROC
immune	I-PROC
responses	I-PROC
in	O
mice	B-SPEC
.	O

Overall	O
,	O
these	O
results	O
demonstrate	O
that	O
the	O
IBV	B-SPEC
-	O
encoded	O
PLP	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
TM	I-PRGE
functions	O
as	O
a	O
DUB	B-PRGE
enzyme	I-PRGE
and	O
suggest	O
that	O
IBV	B-SPEC
may	O
interfere	O
with	O
the	O
activation	O
of	O
host	B-COMP
antiviral	B-CHED
signaling	B-PROC
pathway	I-PROC
by	O
degrading	O
polyubiquitin	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
associated	I-PRGE
proteins	B-CHED
.	O

The	O
producibility	O
of	O
these	O
extracellular	B-COMP
matrices	I-COMP
(	O
ECMs	O
)	O
by	O
astrocytes	B-ANAT
was	O
further	O
confirmed	O
by	O
primary	O
brain	B-ANAT
cultures	O
,	O
which	O
disclosed	O
the	O
dissociation	B-DISO
of	O
laminin	B-PRGE
and	O
ERag	O
production	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
close	O
association	O
of	O
ERag	O
production	O
with	O
that	O
of	O
collagen	B-COMP
,	O
forming	O
a	O
fibrous	O
structure	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Domestic	B-SPEC
Pig	I-SPEC
Unlikely	O
Reservoir	O
for	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
.	O
ABSTRACT	O
:	O
We	O
tested	O
the	O
suitability	O
of	O
the	O
domestic	B-SPEC
pig	I-SPEC
as	O
a	O
model	O
for	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

NT	O
-	O
proBNP	O
was	O
associated	O
with	O
poor	O
outcomes	O
for	O
patients	O
with	O
ARDS	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
its	O
level	O
predicted	O
mortality	O
.	O

During	O
April	O
2015	O
-	O
February	O
2016	O
,	O
Saudi	O
Arabia	O
identified	O
and	O
tested	O
57	O
,	O
363	O
persons	O
(	O
18	O
.	O
4	O
/	O
10	O
,	O
000	O
residents	O
)	O
with	O
suspected	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
infection	B-DISO
;	O
384	O
(	O
0	O
.	O
7	O
%)	O
tested	O
positive	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Venovenous	O
Extracorporeal	O
Membrane	B-COMP
Oxygenation	B-PROC
as	O
a	O
Treatment	O
for	O
Obesity	B-DISO
Hypoventilation	I-DISO
Syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Clinical	O
Significance	O
of	O
Human	B-SPEC
Coronavirus	I-SPEC
in	O
Bronchoalveolar	O
Lavage	O
Samples	O
From	O
Hematopoietic	B-ANAT
Cell	I-ANAT
Transplant	B-ANAT
Recipients	O
and	O
Patients	O
With	O
Hematologic	B-DISO
Malignancies	I-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Outcome	O
and	O
Management	O
of	O
Refractory	O
Respiratory	B-DISO
Failure	I-DISO
With	O
Timely	O
Extracorporeal	O
Membrane	B-COMP
Oxygenation	O
:	O
Single	O
-	O
Center	O
Experience	O
With	O
Legionella	B-DISO
Pneumonia	I-DISO
.	O

The	O
structure	O
of	O
the	O
CTD	O
reveals	O
the	O
mode	O
of	O
N	O
protein	B-CHED
dimerization	O
.	O

Dexamethasone	B-CHED
is	O
also	O
used	O
in	O
the	O
treatment	O
of	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
,	O
a	O
severe	O
complication	B-DISO
of	O
influenza	B-DISO
;	O
however	O
,	O
its	O
influence	O
on	O
the	O
pharmacokinetics	B-PROC
(	O
PK	O
)	O
of	O
oseltamivir	B-CHED
is	O
controversial	O
.	O

The	O
aim	O
of	O
this	O
study	O
was	O
to	O
investigate	O
the	O
effects	O
of	O
coadministering	O
oseltamivir	B-CHED
and	O
dexamethasone	B-CHED
on	O
the	O
PK	O
of	O
oseltamivir	B-CHED
in	O
healthy	O
volunteers	O
.	O

This	O
result	O
suggests	O
that	O
CES1	B-PRGE
is	O
inhibited	O
by	O
dexamethasone	B-CHED
in	O
humans	B-SPEC
.	O

Fifty	O
-	O
three	O
animals	B-SPEC
presented	O
for	O
slaughter	O
were	O
sampled	O
.	O

Of	O
1	O
,	O
078	O
camels	B-SPEC
,	O
41	O
(	O
3	O
.	O
8	O
%)	O
were	O
positive	O
for	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
genetic	O
material	O
.	O

Additionally	O
,	O
endemic	O
zoonoses	B-DISO
,	O
such	O
as	O
rabies	B-DISO
,	O
burden	O
countries	O
year	O
after	O
year	O
,	O
placing	O
demands	O
on	O
limited	O
finances	O
and	O
personnel	O
.	O

For	O
emerging	O
zoonoses	B-DISO
,	O
28	O
ministries	O
performed	O
formal	B-CHED
prioritization	O
exercises	O
.	O

This	O
study	O
investigated	O
serum	B-COMP
concentrations	O
of	O
IP	O
-	O
10	O
in	O
healthy	O
individuals	O
who	O
developed	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
(	O
ARI	B-CHED
).	O

Data	O
come	O
from	O
a	O
randomized	O
controlled	O
trial	O
measuring	O
the	O
effects	O
of	O
mindfulness	O
meditation	O
or	O
exercise	O
on	O
ARI	B-CHED
(	O
Clinical	O
Trials	O
ID	O
:	O
NCT01654289	O
).	O

ARI	O
severity	O
was	O
measured	O
using	O
the	O
validated	O
Wisconsin	O
Upper	B-DISO
Respiratory	I-DISO
Symptom	I-DISO
Survey	O
(	O
WURSS	O
-	O
24	O
)	O
until	O
the	O
ARI	B-CHED
episode	O
resolved	O
.	O

A	O
sensitive	O
real	O
-	O
time	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
assay	O
targeting	B-PROC
the	O
IBV	B-PRGE
nucleocapsid	B-COMP
gene	I-PRGE
(	O
N	O
)	O
was	O
developed	O
to	O
screen	O
clinical	O
samples	O
for	O
presence	O
of	O
IBV	B-SPEC
.	O

Corticosteroid	B-CHED
treatment	O
was	O
safe	O
and	O
well	O
tolerated	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
recombinant	O
LaSota	O
strain	O
expressing	O
a	O
chimeric	O
IBV	B-PRGE
S1	I-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
(	O
rLaSota	O
-	O
S1	O
)	O
was	O
constructed	O
with	O
the	O
S1	B-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
of	O
the	O
LX4	B-PRGE
type	I-PRGE
IBV	I-PRGE
ck	I-PRGE
/	O
CH	O
/	O
LDL	B-CHED
/	O
091022	O
.	O

In	O
addition	O
,	O
vaccination	O
with	O
the	O
rLaSota	O
-	O
S1	O
strain	O
induced	O
IBV	B-SPEC
-	O
specific	O
IgG	B-PRGE
antibodies	I-PRGE
and	O
cellular	B-PROC
immunity	I-PROC
;	O
however	O
,	O
a	O
single	O
vaccination	O
provided	O
partial	O
protection	O
with	O
reduced	O
virus	B-DISO
shedding	I-DISO
.	O

We	O
present	O
2	O
cases	O
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
secondary	O
to	O
H1N1	B-DISO
influenza	I-DISO
and	O
human	B-SPEC
metapneumovirus	I-SPEC
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
We	O
present	O
2	O
cases	O
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
secondary	O
to	O
H1N1	B-DISO
influenza	I-DISO
and	O
human	B-SPEC
metapneumovirus	I-SPEC
.	O

We	O
did	O
a	O
review	O
of	O
the	O
literature	O
summarizing	O
38	O
patients	O
in	O
10	O
publications	O
where	O
TH	O
was	O
successfully	O
utilized	O
in	O
the	O
treatment	O
of	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
Therapeutic	O
hypothermia	O
may	O
be	O
a	O
viable	O
salvage	O
therapy	O
for	O
ARDS	B-DISO
refractory	O
to	O
the	O
current	O
evidence	O
-	O
based	O
therapy	O
but	O
needs	O
further	O
evaluation	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Porcine	O
deltacoronavirus	O
(	O
PDCoV	O
)	O
is	O
a	O
newly	O
discovered	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
that	O
causes	O
diarrhoea	B-DISO
,	O
vomiting	B-DISO
and	O
dehydration	B-DISO
in	O
sucking	B-PROC
and	O
nursing	B-PROC
piglets	O
.	O

In	O
our	O
study	O
,	O
252	O
faecal	B-ANAT
and	O
intestinal	B-ANAT
samples	O
from	O
sucking	B-PROC
piglets	O
and	O
sows	O
with	O
diarrhoea	B-DISO
were	O
surveyed	O
for	O
common	O
enteric	O
viruses	B-SPEC
.	O

We	O
found	O
a	O
prevalence	O
of	O
PDCoV	O
(	O
21	O
.	O
8	O
%),	O
porcine	B-SPEC
epidemic	I-SPEC
diarrhoea	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
65	O
.	O
5	O
%),	O
transmissible	O
gastroenteritis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
0	O
%),	O
rotavirus	B-SPEC
group	I-SPEC
A	I-SPEC
(	O
25	O
.	O
0	O
%)	O
and	O
porcine	B-SPEC
kobuvirus	B-SPEC
(	O
68	O
.	O
7	O
%).	O

This	O
suggested	O
a	O
possible	O
recombination	B-PROC
event	O
between	O
the	O
Thai	O
and	O
the	O
newly	O
described	O
Chinese	O
strain	O
.	O

We	O
undertook	O
enhanced	O
surveillance	O
of	O
those	O
presenting	O
with	O
respiratory	B-DISO
symptoms	I-DISO
at	O
five	O
healthcare	O
centers	O
by	O
testing	O
all	O
symptomatic	O
outpatients	O
between	O
November	O
2013	O
and	O
January	O
2014	O
(	O
winter	O
time	O
).	O

Human	B-SPEC
rhinovirus	I-SPEC
(	O
hRV	O
)	O
was	O
the	O
most	O
detected	O
pathogen	O
(	O
40	O
.	O
9	O
%)	O
followed	O
by	O
non	O
-	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
human	B-SPEC
coronaviruses	O
(	O
19	O
.	O
3	O
%),	O
influenza	B-DISO
(	O
Flu	B-DISO
)	O
viruses	B-SPEC
(	O
15	O
.	O
9	O
%),	O
and	O
human	B-SPEC
respiratory	I-SPEC
syncytial	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
hRSV	B-SPEC
)	O
(	O
13	O
.	O
6	O
%).	O

We	O
show	O
that	O
the	O
comparative	O
effectiveness	O
of	O
symptom	B-DISO
monitoring	O
and	O
quarantine	O
depends	O
critically	O
on	O
the	O
natural	O
history	O
of	O
the	O
infectious	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
,	O
its	O
inherent	O
transmissibility	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
intervention	O
feasibility	O
in	O
the	O
particular	O
healthcare	O
setting	O
.	O

Seven	O
CoVs	O
belonging	O
to	O
distinct	O
groups	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)-	O
like	O
CoVs	O
and	O
α	O
-	O
CoVs	O
were	O
detected	O
in	O
samples	O
from	O
least	B-SPEC
horseshoe	I-SPEC
bats	I-SPEC
.	O

Whole	O
-	O
genome	O
sequencing	O
of	O
a	O
new	O
isolate	O
(	O
F46	O
)	O
from	O
a	O
rectal	B-ANAT
swab	I-ANAT
from	O
a	O
least	B-SPEC
horseshoe	I-SPEC
bat	I-SPEC
showed	O
that	O
it	O
contained	O
29	O
699	O
nucleotides	B-CHED
,	O
excluding	O
the	O
poly	O
(	O
A	O
)	O
tail	O
,	O
with	O
13	O
open	O
reading	O
frames	O
(	O
ORFs	O
).	O

To	O
obtain	O
more	O
insight	O
into	O
the	O
signals	O
and	O
molecular	O
events	O
that	O
coordinate	O
global	O
host	B-COMP
responses	O
in	O
the	O
nucleus	B-COMP
of	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
-	O
infected	O
cells	B-COMP
,	O
first	O
,	O
transcriptome	O
dynamics	O
was	O
studied	O
in	O
human	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
229E	I-SPEC
(	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
229E	I-SPEC
)-	O
infected	O
A549	O
and	O
HuH7	O
cells	B-COMP
,	O
respectively	O
,	O
revealing	O
a	O
core	O
signature	O
of	O
upregulated	O
genes	O
in	O
these	O
cells	B-COMP
.	O

The	O
data	O
revealed	O
that	O
,	O
in	O
HCoV	O
-	O
infected	O
(	O
but	O
not	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
1	I-FUNC
-	O
treated	O
)	O
cells	B-COMP
,	O
an	O
extensive	O
set	O
of	O
genes	O
was	O
activated	O
without	O
inducible	O
p65	B-PRGE
NF	O
-	O
κB	O
being	O
recruited	O
.	O

Thirty	O
-	O
six	O
percent	O
of	O
patients	O
reported	O
significant	O
psychiatric	B-DISO
symptoms	I-DISO
on	O
at	O
least	O
one	O
scale	O
.	O

In	O
multiple	O
regression	O
analyses	O
,	O
younger	O
age	O
,	O
female	O
sex	O
,	O
higher	O
severity	O
of	O
illness	O
,	O
fewer	O
steroid	B-CHED
treatment	O
days	O
,	O
and	O
GM	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CSF	I-PRGE
treatment	O
were	O
all	O
independently	O
associated	O
with	O
more	O
severe	O
psychiatric	B-DISO
symptoms	I-DISO
on	O
at	O
least	O
one	O
scale	O
.	O

Our	O
studies	O
revealed	O
that	O
the	O
ISR	O
signaling	B-PROC
pathway	I-PROC
is	O
a	O
key	O
modulator	O
of	O
epithelial	O
permeability	O
.	O

Chemical	O
inhibition	B-PROC
of	O
protein	B-ENZY
kinase	I-ENZY
RNA	O
-	O
like	O
endoplasmic	B-COMP
reticulum	I-COMP
kinase	O
,	O
an	O
upstream	O
regulator	O
of	O
the	O
pathway	B-PROC
,	O
resulted	O
in	O
decreased	O
injury	O
signaling	B-PROC
and	O
improved	O
barrier	O
function	O
after	O
prolonged	O
cyclic	O
stretch	O
and	O
injurious	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
.	O

The	O
reliability	O
of	O
methods	O
for	O
quantifying	O
particle	O
-	O
associated	O
viruses	B-SPEC
as	O
well	O
as	O
the	O
size	O
distribution	O
of	O
aerosolized	O
particles	O
bearing	O
these	O
viruses	B-SPEC
under	O
field	O
conditions	O
are	O
not	O
well	O
documented	O
.	O

Interaction	O
of	O
the	O
viral	O
spike	O
(	O
S	O
)	O
surface	O
glycoprotein	B-CHED
-	O
through	O
its	O
S1	O
subunit	O
-	O
with	O
the	O
host	B-PRGE
cell	I-PRGE
receptor	I-PRGE
is	O
the	O
first	O
step	O
in	O
infection	B-DISO
and	O
the	O
main	O
determinant	O
for	O
virus	B-SPEC
tropism	B-PROC
.	O

Consistently	O
,	O
unlike	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
-	O
S1	O
,	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
-	O
S1	O
exhibited	O
no	O
binding	B-FUNC
to	O
cell	B-COMP
-	O
surface	O
expressed	O
APN	B-PRGE
or	O
to	O
a	O
soluble	O
version	O
of	O
APN	O
.	O

In	O
this	O
volume	O
we	O
explored	O
special	O
aspects	O
of	O
emerging	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
including	O
:	O
the	O
application	O
of	O
the	O
theory	O
of	O
focality	O
of	O
diseases	O
to	O
infective	O
syndrome	B-DISO
;	O
the	O
human	B-SPEC
-	O
animal	B-SPEC
inter	O
-	O
face	B-DISO
focusing	O
on	O
influenza	B-DISO
;	O
the	O
role	O
of	O
bats	B-SPEC
as	O
main	O
reservoir	O
of	O
emerging	O
and	O
novel	O
human	B-SPEC
pathogens	O
;	O
Middle	O
East	O
Respiratory	O
Syndrome	B-DISO
Coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
epidemiology	O
and	O
clinical	O
presentation	O
;	O
immediate	O
impact	O
on	O
human	B-SPEC
health	O
of	O
the	O
last	O
Zika	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
outbreak	O
occurred	O
in	O
Pacific	O
Ocean	O
and	O
the	O
Americas	O
;	O
the	O
role	O
and	O
potential	O
application	O
of	O
animal	B-SPEC
models	O
for	O
the	O
study	O
of	O
emerging	O
infections	B-DISO
,	O
to	O
improve	O
disease	O
knowledge	O
and	O
for	O
developing	O
therapeutic	O
drugs	O
during	O
ongoing	O
outbreak	O
.	O

Endobronchial	O
valves	B-ANAT
(	O
EBV	O
)	O
are	O
frequently	O
deployed	O
after	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
resection	O
in	O
noncritically	O
ill	B-DISO
patients	O
to	O
reduce	O
and	O
eliminate	O
bronchopleural	O
fistulas	B-DISO
(	O
BPFs	O
)	O
with	O
persistent	B-DISO
air	I-DISO
leak	I-DISO
(	O
PAL	B-FUNC
).	O

However	O
,	O
this	O
approach	O
might	O
increase	O
the	O
risk	O
of	O
novel	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
lung	B-ANAT
allograft	O
cancer	B-DISO
,	O
a	O
potential	O
fatal	O
complication	B-DISO
that	O
must	O
be	O
considered	O
during	O
follow	O
-	O
up	O
of	O
lung	B-ANAT
transplant	B-ANAT
recipients	O
.	O

Throat	B-ANAT
swabs	O
and	O
tracheal	O
aspirates	B-ANAT
were	O
collected	O
from	O
SARI	O
patients	O
according	O
to	O
WHO	O
guidelines	O
.	O

More	O
than	O
30	O
%	O
(	O
32	O
.	O
1	O
%,	O
313	O
samples	O
)	O
of	O
the	O
samples	O
showed	O
evidence	O
of	O
infection	B-DISO
with	O
influenza	B-SPEC
viruses	I-SPEC
,	O
including	O
A	O
/	O
H3N2	B-CHED
(	O
48	O
samples	O
),	O
A	O
(	O
H1N1	O
)	O
pdm09	O
(	O
221	O
samples	O
),	O
influenza	B-DISO
B	O
(	O
42	O
samples	O
),	O
and	O
co	O
-	O
infection	O
of	O
A	O
(	O
H1N1	O
)	O
pdm09	O
or	O
A	O
/	O
H3N2	B-CHED
and	O
influenza	B-DISO
B	O
(	O
2	O
samples	O
).	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
develop	O
nanoparticle	O
drug	O
carriers	O
that	O
interact	O
with	O
cells	B-COMP
specifically	O
in	O
the	O
mildly	O
acidic	O
tumor	B-DISO
microenvironment	O
,	O
we	O
produced	O
polymeric	O
nanoparticles	B-CHED
modified	O
with	O
amidated	O
TAT	B-ENZY
peptide	B-CHED
via	O
a	O
simple	O
surface	O
modification	O
method	O
.	O

Comparison	O
of	O
particle	O
stability	O
and	O
protein	B-CHED
corona	B-CHED
formation	B-PROC
in	O
media	B-ANAT
containing	O
sera	B-COMP
from	O
different	O
species	B-SPEC
suggests	O
that	O
NPpT	O
-	O
CA	O
has	O
been	O
activated	O
and	O
opsonized	O
in	O
mouse	B-ANAT
blood	I-ANAT
to	O
a	O
greater	O
extent	O
than	O
those	O
in	O
bovine	B-SPEC
serum	B-COMP
-	O
containing	O
medium	O
,	O
thus	O
losing	O
the	O
benefits	O
of	O
pH	O
-	O
sensitivity	O
expected	O
from	O
in	O
vitro	O
experiments	O
.	O

Clinical	O
microbiological	O
,	O
ventilation	O
and	O
other	O
pertinent	O
PICU	B-SPEC
data	O
were	O
collected	O
.	O

Severe	O
pediatric	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
accounts	O
for	O
a	O
significant	O
number	O
of	O
PICU	B-SPEC
admissions	O
and	O
is	O
associated	O
with	O
significant	O
mortality	O
risk	O
.	O

After	O
adjusting	O
for	O
severity	O
of	O
illness	O
,	O
risk	O
factors	O
for	O
mortality	O
were	O
:	O
hospital	B-DISO
acquired	I-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
(	O
HAP	O
)	O
(	O
aOR	B-FUNC
:	O
2	O
.	O
92	O
[	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
1	O
.	O
15	O
,	O
7	O
.	O
40	O
];	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
024	O
)	O
and	O
bacteremia	B-DISO
(	O
aOR	B-FUNC
:	O
5	O
.	O
03	O
[	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
1	O
.	O
77	O
,	O
14	O
.	O
35	O
];	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
003	O
).	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
We	O
have	O
identified	O
the	O
cardiomyopathy	B-DISO
-	O
susceptibility	O
gene	O
vinculin	B-PRGE
(	O
In	O
8	O
of	O
120	O
SUNDS	B-DISO
cases	O
,	O
we	O
detected	B-PRGE
an	I-PRGE
East	I-PRGE
Asian	I-PRGE
common	I-PRGE
VCL	I-PRGE
variant	I-PRGE
p	O
.	O

To	O
investigate	O
these	O
differences	O
,	O
we	O
infected	O
male	O
and	O
female	O
mice	B-SPEC
of	O
different	O
age	O
groups	O
with	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
and	O
analyzed	O
their	O
susceptibility	O
to	O
the	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

Enhanced	O
susceptibility	O
of	O
male	O
mice	B-SPEC
to	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
was	O
associated	O
with	O
elevated	O
virus	B-SPEC
titers	O
,	O
enhanced	O
vascular	O
leakage	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
alveolar	B-DISO
edema	I-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Calves	O
are	O
susceptible	O
to	O
infection	B-DISO
with	O
the	O
newly	O
emerged	O
porcine	B-SPEC
deltacoronavirus	O
,	O
but	O
not	O
with	O
the	O
swine	O
enteric	O
alphacoronavirus	B-SPEC
,	O
porcine	B-SPEC
epidemic	I-SPEC
diarrhea	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Patient	O
safety	O
has	O
become	O
a	O
worldwide	O
concern	O
in	O
relation	O
to	O
infectious	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
(	O
Ebola	O
/	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
/	O
flu	B-DISO
).	O

These	O
themes	O
fit	B-DISO
within	O
safety	O
cultures	O
described	O
by	O
participants	O
:	O
individual	O
culture	O
,	O
blame	O
culture	O
,	O
and	O
collaborative	O
culture	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Nosocomial	O
transmission	O
is	O
an	O
important	O
characteristic	O
of	O
Middle	O
East	O
Respiratory	O
Syndrome	B-DISO
Coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

During	O
the	O
Korean	O
outbreak	O
in	O
2015	O
,	O
186	O
patients	O
had	O
laboratory	O
-	O
confirmed	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

Consistently	O
,	O
initial	O
CYFRA21	O
-	O
1	O
levels	O
were	O
identified	O
as	O
the	O
most	O
promising	O
predictor	O
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
,	O
whereas	O
day	O
-	O
2	O
CC16	O
levels	O
have	O
to	O
be	O
considered	O
as	O
most	O
appropriate	O
for	O
predicting	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
.	O

Two	O
thermal	O
processing	O
experiments	O
were	O
designed	O
to	O
determine	O
if	O
different	O
pellet	O
mill	O
conditioner	O
retention	B-PROC
times	O
and	O
temperatures	O
would	O
impact	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
quantity	O
and	O
infectivity	O
by	O
analysis	O
of	O
quantitative	O
reverse	B-PROC
transcription	I-PROC
PCR	O
and	O
bioassay	O
.	O

Regardless	O
of	O
time	O
or	O
temperature	O
,	O
pelleting	O
reduced	O
(	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
)	O
the	O
quantity	O
of	O
detectable	O
viral	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
RNA	O
compared	O
with	O
the	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
-	O
inoculated	O
unprocessed	O
mash	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Evaluation	O
of	O
biosecurity	O
measures	O
to	O
prevent	O
indirect	O
transmission	O
of	O
porcine	B-SPEC
epidemic	B-DISO
diarrhea	I-DISO
virus	I-SPEC
.	O

These	O
results	O
indicate	O
that	O
indirect	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
transmission	O
through	O
contaminated	O
PPE	B-CHED
occurs	O
rapidly	O
(	O
within	O
24	O
h	O
)	O
under	O
modeled	O
conditions	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
RNA	O
was	O
detected	O
from	O
rectal	O
swabs	O
of	O
experimentally	O
infected	O
(	O
INF	O
)	O
and	O
sentinel	O
pigs	B-SPEC
by	O
real	O
-	O
time	O
reverse	B-PROC
transcription	I-PROC
polymerase	O
chain	O
reaction	O
(	O
rRT	O
-	O
PCR	O
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Group	B-SPEC
A	I-SPEC
Rotaviruses	I-SPEC
in	O
Chinese	O
Bats	B-SPEC
:	O
Genetic	O
Composition	O
,	O
Serology	O
,	O
and	O
Evidence	O
for	O
Bat	B-ENZY
-	O
to	O
-	O
Human	B-SPEC
Transmission	O
and	O
Reassortment	O
.	O

Strain	O
GLRL1	O
possessed	B-DISO
a	O
completely	O
novel	O
genotype	O
constellation	O
,	O
whereas	O
the	O
other	O
three	O
possessed	B-DISO
a	O
constellation	O
consistent	O
with	O
the	O
MSLH14	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
like	I-PRGE
genotype	I-PRGE
,	O
a	O
newly	O
characterized	O
group	O
of	O
viruses	B-SPEC
widely	O
prevalent	O
in	O
Chinese	O
insectivorous	O
bats	B-SPEC
.	O

Bats	B-SPEC
in	O
Guangxi	O
and	O
Yunnan	O
had	O
a	O
higher	O
RVA	O
-	O
specific	O
antibody	B-COMP
prevalence	O
than	O
those	O
from	O
Fujian	O
and	O
Zhejiang	O
provinces	O
.	O

The	O
epitopes	O
of	O
potent	O
neutralizing	O
antibodies	B-COMP
segregated	O
into	O
two	O
epitope	B-CHED
classes	O
and	O
mapped	O
within	O
the	O
N	O
-	O
terminal	O
sialic	B-FUNC
acid	I-FUNC
binding	I-FUNC
domain	O
and	O
in	O
the	O
more	O
C	O
-	O
terminal	O
receptor	B-FUNC
binding	I-FUNC
domain	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Risk	O
factors	O
for	O
MERS	O
coronavirus	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
in	O
dromedary	B-SPEC
camels	B-SPEC
in	O
Burkina	O
Faso	O
,	O
Ethiopia	O
,	O
and	O
Morocco	O
,	O
2015	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
help	O
reveal	O
the	O
diversity	O
and	O
evolution	O
of	O
bat	B-ENZY
coronaviruses	O
we	O
collected	O
1067	O
bats	B-SPEC
from	O
21	O
species	B-SPEC
in	O
China	O
.	O

A	O
total	O
of	O
73	O
coronaviruses	O
(	O
32	O
alphacoronaviruses	O
and	O
41	O
betacoronaviruses	O
)	O
were	O
identified	O
in	O
these	O
bats	B-SPEC
,	O
with	O
an	O
overall	O
prevalence	O
of	O
6	O
.	O
84	O
%.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Risk	O
Factors	O
for	O
Primary	O
Middle	O
East	O
Respiratory	O
Syndrome	B-DISO
Coronavirus	B-DISO
Infection	I-DISO
in	O
Camel	B-SPEC
Workers	O
in	O
Qatar	O
During	O
2013	O
-	O
2014	O
:	O
A	O
Case	O
-	O
Control	O
Study	O
.	O

We	O
used	O
the	O
World	O
Health	O
Organization	O
questionnaire	O
for	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
case	O
-	O
control	O
studies	O
to	O
assess	O
risk	O
factors	O
for	O
human	B-SPEC
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
seropositivity	O
at	O
a	O
farm	O
complex	O
in	O
Qatar	O
.	O

This	O
study	O
provides	O
an	O
insight	O
on	O
the	O
various	O
immune	O
mediators	O
detected	O
in	O
FCoV	O
-	O
positive	O
cats	B-SPEC
which	O
may	O
be	O
responsible	O
for	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
FIP	B-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Cases	O
of	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
continue	O
to	O
be	O
identified	O
and	O
with	O
a	O
lack	O
of	O
effective	O
clinical	O
treatment	O
and	O
no	O
preventative	O
strategies	O
,	O
treatment	O
using	O
convalescent	O
plasma	B-ANAT
or	O
monoclonal	O
antibodies	B-COMP
(	O
mAbs	O
)	O
is	O
a	O
potential	O
quick	O
route	O
to	O
an	O
intervention	O
.	O

Passive	O
immunotherapy	O
via	O
either	O
convalescent	O
plasma	B-ANAT
or	O
mAbs	O
has	O
proven	O
to	O
be	O
effective	O
for	O
other	O
infectious	B-DISO
agents	O
.	O

A	O
decrease	O
in	O
gross	O
pathology	B-DISO
was	O
found	O
only	O
in	O
the	O
mAb	O
-	O
treated	O
group	O
,	O
but	O
no	O
histological	O
differences	O
were	O
observed	O
between	O
treated	O
and	O
control	O
animals	B-SPEC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Lithium	B-CHED
chloride	I-CHED
inhibits	O
early	O
stages	O
of	O
foot	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
and	I-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
mouth	B-ANAT
disease	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
FMDV	B-SPEC
)	O
replication	O
in	O
vitro	O
.	O

Autopsies	O
of	O
patients	O
that	O
died	B-PROC
from	O
SARS	B-DISO
also	O
showed	O
fibrosis	B-DISO
to	O
varying	O
extents	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
This	O
is	O
the	O
first	O
country	O
-	O
wide	O
surveillance	O
of	O
bat	B-ENZY
-	O
borne	O
viruses	B-SPEC
in	O
Kenya	O
spanning	O
from	O
2012	O
-	O
2015	O
covering	O
sites	O
perceived	O
to	O
have	O
medium	O
to	O
high	O
level	O
bat	B-ENZY
-	O
human	B-SPEC
interaction	O
.	O

We	O
captured	O
two	O
states	O
of	O
the	O
RBD	O
with	O
receptor	B-FUNC
binding	I-FUNC
region	O
either	O
buried	O
(	O
lying	O
state	O
)	O
or	O
exposed	O
(	O
standing	B-PROC
state	O
),	O
demonstrating	O
an	O
inherently	O
flexible	O
RBD	O
readily	O
recognized	O
by	O
the	O
receptor	O
.	O

Further	O
sequence	O
conservation	O
analysis	O
of	O
six	O
human	B-SPEC
-	O
infecting	O
coronaviruses	O
revealed	O
that	O
the	O
fusion	O
peptide	B-CHED
,	O
HR1	O
region	O
and	O
the	O
central	O
helix	O
are	O
potential	O
targets	O
for	O
eliciting	O
broadly	O
neutralizing	O
antibodies	O
.	O

Coronavirus	B-PRGE
envelope	B-COMP
proteins	B-CHED
specifically	O
recognized	O
the	O
open	O
APN	O
form	O
,	O
prevented	O
ectodomain	O
progression	O
to	O
the	O
closed	O
form	O
and	O
substrate	O
hydrolysis	O
.	O

Blocking	B-DISO
APN	B-PRGE
dynamics	I-PRGE
can	O
thus	O
be	O
a	O
valuable	O
approach	O
to	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
drugs	O
that	O
target	O
this	O
ectoenzyme	O
.	O

Given	O
the	O
on	O
-	O
going	O
risk	O
of	O
emerging	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
outbreaks	O
in	O
an	O
era	B-CHED
of	O
unprecedented	O
population	O
density	O
,	O
international	O
travel	O
and	O
human	B-SPEC
impact	O
on	O
the	O
environment	O
it	O
is	O
pertinent	O
to	O
focus	O
on	O
improving	O
the	O
research	O
and	O
development	B-PROC
landscape	O
for	O
treatments	O
of	O
emerging	O
and	O
epidemic	O
-	O
prone	O
infections	B-DISO
.	O

This	O
review	O
discusses	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
infection	B-DISO
in	O
children	O
and	O
healthcare	O
workers	O
,	O
especially	O
pediatric	O
dentists	O
,	O
and	O
considerations	O
pertaining	O
to	O
pediatric	O
dentistry	O
.	O

Included	O
in	O
this	O
retrospective	O
cohort	O
study	O
were	O
all	O
polytraumatized	O
patients	O
over	O
18	O
years	O
of	O
age	O
,	O
with	O
an	O
injury	O
severity	O
score	O
(	O
ISS	B-DISO
)	O
of	O
at	O
least	O
16	O
,	O
who	O
were	O
admitted	O
to	O
our	O
level	O
I	O
trauma	O
center	O
over	O
a	O
three	O
-	O
year	O
time	O
period	O
.	O

In	O
general	O
,	O
ARDS	B-DISO
was	O
diagnosed	O
prior	O
to	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
and	O
was	O
therefore	O
identified	O
as	O
its	O
risk	O
factor	O
(	O
OR	O
=	O
11	O
.	O
033	O
;	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
:	O
4	O
.	O
812	O
-	O
25	O
.	O
299	O
;	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
001	O
).	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Two	O
hundred	O
and	O
eighty	O
-	O
eight	O
patients	O
met	B-CHED
the	O
inclusion	O
criteria	O
.	O

Finally	O
,	O
an	O
overall	O
mortality	O
rate	O
of	O
21	O
.	O
2	O
%	O
was	O
observed	O
,	O
which	O
was	O
neither	O
affected	O
by	O
thoracic	B-DISO
trauma	O
nor	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

Any	O
surviving	O
virus	B-SPEC
was	O
eluted	O
in	O
a	O
buffer	B-CHED
solution	O
and	O
then	O
titrated	O
in	O
swine	B-SPEC
testicular	O
cells	B-COMP
.	O

Both	O
Weibull	O
and	O
log	O
-	O
linear	O
kinetic	O
models	O
were	O
used	O
to	O
analyze	O
virus	B-SPEC
survival	O
curves	O
.	O

At	O
recommended	O
concentrations	O
,	O
delta	O
values	O
(	O
days	O
to	O
decrease	O
virus	B-SPEC
concentration	O
by	O
1	O
log	O
)	O
ranged	O
from	O
0	O
.	O
62	O
-	O
1	O
.	O
72	O
days	O
,	O
but	O
there	O
were	O
no	O
differences	O
on	O
virus	B-SPEC
survival	O
among	O
feed	O
samples	O
with	O
or	O
without	O
additives	O
at	O
the	O
manufacturers	O
recommended	O
concentrations	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Acute	O
respiratory	O
distress	O
syndrome	O
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
is	O
characterized	O
by	O
severe	O
impairment	B-DISO
of	O
gas	B-ENZY
exchange	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Pilot	O
Feasibility	O
Study	O
of	O
Therapeutic	O
Hypothermia	O
for	O
Moderate	O
to	O
Severe	O
Acute	B-DISO
Respiratory	I-DISO
Distress	I-DISO
Syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

Prospective	O
hypothermia	O
treatment	O
in	O
eight	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
patients	O
with	O
PaO2	O
/	O
FIO2	O
less	O
than	O
150	O
receiving	O
neuromuscular	B-DISO
blockade	I-DISO
.	O

Average	O
patient	O
core	O
temperature	O
was	O
36	O
.	O
7	O
°	O
C	O
(	O
36	O
-	O
37	O
.	O
3	O
°	O
C	O
),	O
and	O
fever	B-PROC
occurred	O
during	O
neuromuscular	B-DISO
blockade	I-DISO
in	O
30	O
of	O
58	O
retrospective	O
patients	O
.	O

Patients	O
completed	O
the	O
Nijmegen	O
score	O
and	O
underwent	O
a	O
hyperventilation	O
provocation	O
test	O
(	O
HVPT	O
)	O
and	O
arterial	B-ANAT
blood	I-ANAT
gas	O
and	O
cardiopulmonary	B-ANAT
tests	O
.	O

Patients	O
with	O
HVS	B-FUNC
were	O
asked	O
to	O
complete	O
the	O
Sinonasal	O
Outcome	O
Test	O
(	O
SNOT	O
)-	O
16	O
questionnaire	O
before	O
and	O
after	O
a	O
specific	O
eight	O
-	O
session	O
respiratory	O
rehabilitation	O
program	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Characteristics	O
and	O
Outcome	O
of	O
Patients	O
After	O
Allogeneic	O
Hematopoietic	B-ANAT
Stem	I-ANAT
Cell	I-ANAT
Transplantation	O
Treated	O
With	O
Extracorporeal	O
Membrane	O
Oxygenation	B-PROC
for	O
Acute	B-DISO
Respiratory	I-DISO
Distress	I-DISO
Syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

The	O
main	O
reason	O
for	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
was	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
in	O
81	O
%	O
of	O
patients	O
.	O

Only	O
one	O
of	O
24	O
patients	O
(	O
4	O
%)	O
initiated	O
on	O
extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenation	B-PROC
within	O
240	O
days	O
after	O
allogeneic	O
hematopoietic	B-ANAT
stem	I-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
transplantation	O
survived	O
compared	O
to	O
six	O
of	O
13	O
(	O
46	O
%)	O
of	O
those	O
treated	O
thereafter	O
(	O
p	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
01	O
).	O

Apart	O
from	O
such	O
microbiological	O
agents	O
associated	O
with	O
enteritis	O
as	O
bacteria	B-SPEC
and	O
parasites	O
,	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
research	O
has	O
been	O
recently	O
conducted	O
on	O
viral	O
origin	O
of	O
enteric	O
diseases	O
.	O

The	O
present	O
study	O
aimed	O
at	O
determination	O
of	O
the	O
prevalence	O
of	O
four	O
enteric	O
viruses	B-SPEC
,	O
namely	O
astrovirus	O
,	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
,	O
parvovirus	B-DISO
and	O
rotavirus	B-SPEC
in	O
meat	O
-	O
type	O
turkey	B-SPEC
flocks	O
in	O
Poland	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
at	O
statistical	O
evaluation	O
of	O
the	O
occurrence	O
of	O
the	O
studied	O
viruses	B-SPEC
and	O
their	O
relationships	O
with	O
the	O
health	O
status	O
and	O
the	O
age	O
of	O
birds	B-SPEC
.	O

Different	O
statistical	O
methods	O
(	O
i	O
.	O
e	O
.	O
the	O
independence	O
chi	B-CHED
-	O
square	O
test	O
,	O
the	O
correspondence	O
analysis	O
and	O
the	O
logistic	O
regression	O
model	O
)	O
were	O
used	O
to	O
establish	O
any	O
relationships	O
between	O
the	O
analyzed	O
data	O
.	O

Overall	O
,	O
137	O
(	O
66	O
.	O
2	O
%,	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
:	O
59	O
.	O
3	O
-	O
72	O
.	O
6	O
)	O
of	O
the	O
207	O
turkey	B-SPEC
flocks	O
sampled	O
were	O
infected	O
with	O
one	O
or	O
more	O
enteric	O
viruses	B-SPEC
.	O

No	O
flock	O
was	O
simultaneously	O
infected	O
with	O
all	O
four	O
viruses	B-SPEC
studied	O
.	O

Young	O
turkeys	B-SPEC
aged	O
1	O
-	O
4	O
weeks	O
old	O
had	O
the	O
highest	O
(	O
82	O
.	O
1	O
%,	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
:	O
71	O
.	O
7	O
-	O
89	O
.	O
8	O
)	O
prevalence	O
of	O
viral	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
.	O

However	O
,	O
the	O
presented	O
results	O
provide	O
valuable	O
feedback	O
which	O
could	O
help	O
to	O
evaluate	O
the	O
role	O
of	O
some	O
enteric	O
viruses	B-SPEC
in	O
the	O
etiology	O
of	O
enteritis	B-DISO
in	O
turkey	B-SPEC
.	O

Both	O
PRESERVE	O
and	O
RESP	O
scores	O
are	O
useful	O
for	O
predicting	O
survival	O
in	O
Asian	O
ARDS	O
patients	O
,	O
and	O
both	O
scores	O
had	O
similar	O
prognostic	O
accuracies	O
in	O
our	O
Korean	O
ARDS	B-DISO
cohort	O
.	O

Specific	O
inhibitors	B-CHED
for	O
TGF	O
-	O
βRI	O
,	O
p38	B-FUNC
MAPK	B-FUNC
,	O
MEK	B-PRGE
,	O
and	O
STAT3	B-PRGE
proved	O
that	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
PLpro	I-PRGE
induced	O
TGF	O
-	O
β1	O
-	O
dependent	O
up	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
regulation	I-PROC
of	O
Type	B-PRGE
I	I-PRGE
collagen	I-PRGE
in	O
vitro	O
and	O
in	O
vivo	O
.	O

To	O
address	O
this	O
paucity	O
of	O
data	O
,	O
we	O
sampled	O
three	O
bat	B-ENZY
farms	O
and	O
three	O
wet	O
markets	O
trading	O
in	O
rat	B-SPEC
meat	O
in	O
the	O
Mekong	O
Delta	O
region	O
of	O
southern	O
Viet	O
Nam	O
.	O

Phylogenetic	O
analysis	O
revealed	O
that	O
the	O
bat	B-ENZY
paramyxoviruses	O
and	O
bat	B-ENZY
and	O
rat	B-SPEC
coronaviruses	O
were	O
related	O
to	O
viruses	B-SPEC
circulating	O
in	O
bat	B-ENZY
and	O
rodent	B-SPEC
populations	O
globally	O
,	O
but	O
showed	O
no	O
cross	O
-	O
species	B-SPEC
mixing	O
of	O
viruses	B-SPEC
between	O
bat	B-ENZY
and	O
rat	B-SPEC
populations	O
within	O
Viet	O
Nam	O
.	O

This	O
article	O
describes	O
the	O
risk	O
communication	O
framework	O
in	O
Taiwan	O
,	O
which	O
has	O
been	O
used	O
to	O
respond	O
to	O
the	O
2009	O
-	O
2016	O
influenza	B-DISO
epidemics	O
,	O
Ebola	O
in	O
West	O
Africa	O
(	O
2014	O
-	O
16	O
),	O
and	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
in	O
South	O
Korea	O
(	O
2015	O
)	O
during	O
the	O
post	O
-	O
SARS	B-DISO
era	B-CHED
.	O

Failure	O
to	O
prepare	O
has	O
deep	O
costs	O
in	O
human	B-SPEC
lives	O
and	O
economic	O
productivity	O
.	O

The	O
aim	O
of	O
this	O
study	O
was	O
to	O
test	O
DE	O
as	O
adjuvant	B-CHED
in	O
an	O
Ark	B-PRGE
-	O
DPI	O
live	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
IBV	B-SPEC
)	O
vaccine	O
after	O
ocular	B-PROC
or	O
spray	O
application	O
.	O

These	O
proteases	O
share	O
in	O
processing	O
MERS	O
CoV	O
polyproteins	O
at	O
different	O
sites	O
to	O
yield	O
16	O
nonstructural	O
proteins	B-CHED
.	O

In	O
this	O
work	O
,	O
we	O
provide	O
evidence	O
that	O
MERS	O
CoV	O
3CLpro	O
and	O
PLpro	O
are	O
subject	O
to	O
different	O
genetic	O
and	O
evolutionary	O
influences	O
that	O
shape	O
the	O
protein	B-CHED
sequence	O
,	O
codon	O
usage	O
pattern	O
,	O
and	O
codon	O
usage	O
bias	B-SPEC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
C	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
C	I-PRGE
Motif	I-PRGE
Chemokine	I-PRGE
Ligand	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
(	O
CCL2	B-PRGE
)	O
Mediates	O
Acute	O
Lung	B-ANAT
Injury	O
Induced	O
by	O
Lethal	O
Influenza	B-DISO
H7N9	O
Virus	O
.	O

Most	O
H7N9	O
infections	B-DISO
resulted	O
in	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
),	O
which	O
is	O
a	O
severe	O
form	O
of	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
(	O
ALI	O
)	O
that	O
contributes	O
to	O
morbidity	O
and	O
mortality	O
.	O

Taken	O
together	O
,	O
our	O
findings	O
demonstrate	O
that	O
CCL2	B-PRGE
is	O
essential	O
for	O
H7N9	O
virus	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
and	O
thus	O
that	O
it	O
is	O
a	O
potential	O
therapeutic	O
target	O
for	O
influenza	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Two	O
deletion	O
variants	O
of	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
found	O
in	O
a	O
patient	O
with	O
characteristic	O
symptoms	O
.	O

We	O
used	O
adult	O
C57Bl6	O
wild	O
-	O
type	O
(	O
WT	O
)	O
and	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
6	I-FUNC
knock	O
-	O
out	O
(	O
IL	O
-	O
6KO	O
)	O
mice	B-SPEC
.	O

The	O
animals	B-SPEC
received	O
intravenous	O
recombinant	B-PRGE
human	I-PRGE
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
6	I-FUNC
(	O
rHuIL	O
-	O
6	O
)	O
or	O
vehicle	O
followed	O
by	O
intratracheal	O
lipopolysaccharide	B-CHED
(	O
LPS	B-DISO
)	O
or	O
saline	O
before	O
undergoing	O
low	O
tidal	O
volume	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
(	O
MV	O
)	O
for	O
5	O
h	O
.	O
Before	O
sacrifice	O
,	O
right	O
ventricular	B-ANAT
systolic	O
pressure	O
and	O
cardiac	B-ANAT
output	O
were	O
measured	O
and	O
total	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
resistance	B-PROC
was	O
calculated	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
A	O
metagenomics	O
study	O
for	O
the	O
identification	O
of	O
respiratory	O
viruses	B-SPEC
in	O
mixed	O
clinical	O
specimens	O
:	O
an	O
application	O
of	O
the	O
iterative	O
mapping	O
approach	O
.	O

We	O
analyzed	O
40	O
clinical	O
specimens	O
from	O
hospitalized	O
children	O
diagnosed	O
with	O
acute	B-DISO
bronchiolitis	I-DISO
,	O
croup	B-DISO
,	O
or	O
respiratory	B-DISO
tract	I-DISO
infections	I-DISO
in	O
which	O
virus	B-SPEC
identification	O
by	O
viral	O
culture	O
or	O
polymerase	O
chain	O
reaction	O
(	O
PCR	O
)	O
was	O
unsuccessful	O
.	O

Neither	O
seven	O
of	O
the	O
nine	O
viremic	O
cats	B-SPEC
with	O
follow	O
-	O
up	O
nor	O
the	O
single	O
cat	B-SPEC
with	O
replicating	O
FCoV	O
with	O
positive	O
qRT	O
-	O
PCR	O
results	O
developed	O
signs	O
compatible	O
with	O
FIP	B-DISO
within	O
6	O
months	O
of	O
sample	O
collection	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
distress	O
syndrome	O
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
is	O
typically	O
manifested	O
by	O
refractory	O
hypoxemia	O
with	O
high	O
mortality	O
.	O

Lastly	O
,	O
prevention	O
of	O
aspiration	B-DISO
,	O
stress	B-DISO
ulcers	I-DISO
,	O
deep	B-DISO
vein	I-DISO
thrombosis	I-DISO
,	O
catheter	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
related	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
,	O
overhydration	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
heavy	O
sedation	B-DISO
is	O
essential	O
to	O
achieve	O
better	O
outcomes	O
in	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

On	O
the	O
basis	O
of	O
this	O
finding	O
,	O
a	O
series	O
of	O
novel	O
1	O
,	O
4	O
-	O
pentadien	O
-	O
3	O
-	O
one	O
derivatives	O
containing	O
a	O
1	B-CHED
,	I-CHED
3	I-CHED
,	I-CHED
4	I-CHED
-	I-CHED
thiadiazole	I-CHED
moiety	O
were	O
designed	O
and	O
synthesized	O
,	O
and	O
their	O
structures	O
confirmed	O
by	O
IR	O
,	O
¹H	O
-	O
NMR	O
,	O
and	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
There	O
are	O
a	O
large	O
number	O
of	O
extracorporeal	O
membrane	O
oxygenation	B-PROC
(	O
ECMO	O
)	O
systems	O
and	O
configurations	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
two	O
deletions	O
in	O
two	O
respective	O
loops	O
located	O
in	O
HKU5	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CTD	I-PRGE
result	O
in	O
conformational	O
variations	O
in	O
CD26	O
-	O
binding	B-FUNC
interface	O
and	O
are	O
responsible	O
for	O
the	O
non	O
-	O
binding	B-FUNC
of	O
HKU5	O
-	O
CTD	O
to	O
CD26	B-PRGE
.	O

This	O
study	O
concluded	O
that	O
the	O
CFS	B-DISO
of	O
all	O
tested	O
lactobacilli	O
,	O
and	O
live	O
Lact	O
.	O

We	O
hypothesized	O
that	O
4	O
hours	O
of	O
normothermic	O
EVLP	O
would	O
improve	O
compliance	O
and	O
oxygenation	B-PROC
in	O
a	O
porcine	B-SPEC
model	O
of	O
sepsis	B-DISO
-	O
induced	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
.	O

The	O
latter	O
function	O
involves	O
reversing	O
the	O
post	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
translational	I-PROC
modification	I-PROC
of	O
cellular	B-COMP
proteins	B-CHED
conjugated	O
with	O
either	O
ubiquitin	B-PROC
(	O
Ub	B-PROC
)	O
or	O
Ub	B-PROC
-	O
like	O
interferon	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
stimulated	I-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
product	I-PRGE
15	I-PRGE
(	O
ISG15	B-PRGE
).	O

It	O
has	O
been	O
described	O
in	O
several	O
diseases	O
like	O
asthma	B-PATH
,	O
cystic	B-DISO
fibrosis	I-DISO
,	I-DISO
pulmonary	I-DISO
infection	B-DISO
,	O
cyanotic	B-DISO
congenital	I-DISO
heart	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
and	O
in	O
few	O
young	O
children	O
with	O
homozygous	O
sickle	B-DISO
cell	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
.	O

Realization	O
of	O
fiberoptic	O
bronchoscopy	O
to	O
diagnose	O
endobronchial	O
injury	O
and	O
preventive	O
measures	O
such	O
as	O
fluidification	O
of	O
sputum	B-ANAT
at	O
the	O
early	O
stage	O
of	O
thoracic	B-DISO
vaso	O
-	O
occlusive	O
crisis	O
are	O
essential	O
.	O

Sepsis	B-DISO
is	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
most	O
prevalent	O
causes	O
of	O
this	O
condition	B-DISO
(	O
30	O
-	O
50	O
%).	O

Despite	O
these	O
complications	O
,	O
some	O
studies	O
have	O
shown	O
a	O
decrease	O
in	O
the	O
rates	O
of	O
orotracheal	O
intubation	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
with	O
low	O
severity	O
scores	O
,	O
hemodynamic	B-PROC
stability	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
absence	O
of	O
other	O
organ	B-ANAT
dysfunctions	O
.	O

Lymphocytosis	B-DISO
was	O
not	O
a	O
feature	O
of	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
During	O
the	O
21	O
days	O
of	O
observation	O
,	O
there	O
was	O
no	O
significant	O
change	O
in	O
the	O
hepatic	B-ANAT
panel	O
or	O
creatinine	B-CHED
tests	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Plasminogen	B-PRGE
Activator	O
Inhibitor	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
Is	O
Critical	O
in	O
Alcohol	O
-	O
Enhanced	O
Acute	O
Lung	B-ANAT
Injury	O
in	O
Mice	B-SPEC
.	O

Apart	O
from	O
dromedary	B-SPEC
camels	B-SPEC
,	O
insectivorous	O
bats	B-SPEC
are	O
suggested	O
as	O
another	O
natural	O
reservoir	O
for	O
MERS	O
-	O
like	O
-	O
CoVs	O
.	O

In	O
the	O
insectivorous	O
bats	B-SPEC
,	O
however	O
,	O
DPP4	B-PRGE
expression	B-PROC
in	O
epithelial	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
of	O
the	O
respiratory	B-ANAT
tract	I-ANAT
was	O
almost	O
absent	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Transmissible	O
gastroenteritis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
)	O
is	O
a	O
porcine	B-SPEC
enteric	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
which	O
causes	O
lethal	O
severe	O
watery	B-DISO
diarrhea	I-DISO
in	O
piglets	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Median	O
age	O
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
patients	O
was	O
58	O
years	O
,	O
69	O
%	O
were	O
male	O
.	O

This	O
study	O
evaluated	O
the	O
efficacy	O
of	O
aerosolized	O
tobramycin	B-CHED
for	O
P	O
.	O
aeruginosa	O
VAP	O
in	O
ARDS	B-DISO
patients	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Virucidal	O
Activity	O
of	O
World	O
Health	O
Organization	O
-	O
Recommended	O
Formulations	O
Against	O
Enveloped	O
Viruses	B-SPEC
,	O
Including	O
Zika	O
,	O
Ebola	O
,	O
and	O
Emerging	O
Coronaviruses	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Synthesis	B-PROC
and	O
evaluation	O
of	O
new	O
scaffold	O
phenylisoserine	O
derivatives	O
connected	O
with	O
the	O
essential	O
functional	O
groups	O
against	O
SARS	B-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
3CL	I-PRGE
protease	I-PRGE
are	O
described	O
.	O

When	O
adjuvanted	O
with	O
aluminum	B-CHED
hydroxide	I-CHED
,	O
this	O
protein	B-CHED
elicited	O
high	O
neutralizing	O
antibody	B-COMP
titers	O
and	O
high	O
RBD	O
-	O
specific	O
antibody	B-COMP
titers	O
.	O

HFNC	O
can	O
provide	O
well	O
heated	O
and	O
humidified	O
high	O
flow	O
gas	B-ENZY
with	O
a	O
high	O
concentration	O
of	O
oxygen	B-CHED
,	O
which	O
can	O
improve	O
the	O
oxygenation	B-PROC
and	O
degree	O
of	O
comfort	O
of	O
patients	O
after	O
extubation	O
.	O

If	O
it	O
is	O
not	O
treated	O
in	O
time	O
,	O
it	O
will	O
progress	O
to	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
),	O
which	O
will	O
be	O
a	O
serious	O
threat	O
to	O
the	O
lives	O
of	O
patients	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
The	O
Use	O
of	O
GMP	B-CHED
-	O
Produced	O
Bone	B-ANAT
Marrow	I-ANAT
-	O
Derived	O
Stem	B-ANAT
Cells	I-ANAT
in	O
Combination	O
with	O
Extracorporeal	O
Membrane	B-ANAT
Oxygenation	B-PROC
in	O
ARDS	B-DISO
:	O
An	O
Animal	B-SPEC
Model	O
.	O

A	O
total	O
of	O
11	O
sheep	B-SPEC
were	O
used	O
.	O

The	O
respiratory	O
parameters	O
by	O
means	O
of	O
blood	B-PROC
gas	B-ENZY
results	O
,	O
measurements	O
of	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
,	O
inflammatory	B-DISO
responses	I-DISO
,	O
and	O
integrity	O
of	O
the	O
alveolar	B-ANAT
capillary	B-ANAT
barrier	O
after	O
the	O
infusion	O
of	O
these	O
cells	B-COMP
were	O
analyzed	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
still	O
unclear	O
whether	O
EGFR	B-FUNC
inhibition	B-PROC
can	O
prevent	O
ALI	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Anticoagulation	B-PROC
and	O
Transfusions	O
Management	O
in	O
Veno	O
-	O
Venous	B-ANAT
Extracorporeal	O
Membrane	B-COMP
Oxygenation	B-PROC
for	O
Acute	B-DISO
Respiratory	I-DISO
Distress	I-DISO
Syndrome	I-DISO
:	O
Assessment	O
of	O
Factors	O
Associated	O
With	O
Transfusion	O
Requirements	O
and	O
Mortality	O
.	O

We	O
targeted	B-PROC
an	O
activated	O
partial	O
thromboplastin	B-PRGE
time	O
of	O
40	O
to	O
50	O
seconds	O
and	O
a	O
hematocrit	O
of	O
24	O
%	O
to	O
30	O
%.	O

Additionally	O
,	O
ileum	B-ANAT
gas	B-ENZY
was	O
detected	O
for	O
ten	O
of	O
the	O
sixteen	O
cases	O
in	O
the	O
upper	B-ANAT
abdomen	I-ANAT
during	O
assessment	O
with	O
chest	B-ANAT
X	O
-	O
ray	B-SPEC
.	O

In	O
summary	O
,	O
our	O
study	O
described	O
HS	O
/	O
DS	O
cases	O
with	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
manifestations	O
including	O
,	O
ARDS	B-DISO
,	O
bacterial	B-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
and	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
hemorrhage	I-DISO
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Bivariate	O
logistic	O
analysis	O
showed	O
that	O
mortality	O
and	O
worse	O
outcomes	O
were	O
correlated	O
with	O
FFP	O
transfusion	O
and	O
Glasgow	O
Coma	B-DISO
Scale	O
score	O
(	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
).	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Human	B-SPEC
coronaviruses	O
(	O
hCoVs	O
)	O
can	O
be	O
divided	O
into	O
low	O
pathogenic	O
and	O
highly	O
pathogenic	O
coronaviruses	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
The	O
ICM	B-COMP
research	O
agenda	O
on	O
extracorporeal	O
life	O
support	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
This	O
study	O
aimed	O
to	O
concisely	O
describe	O
the	O
current	O
standards	O
of	O
care	O
,	O
major	O
recent	O
advances	O
,	O
common	O
beliefs	O
that	O
have	O
been	O
contradicted	O
by	O
recent	O
trials	O
,	O
areas	O
of	O
uncertainty	O
,	O
and	O
clinical	O
studies	O
that	O
need	O
to	O
be	O
performed	O
over	O
the	O
next	O
decade	O
and	O
their	O
expected	O
outcomes	O
with	O
regard	O
to	O
extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenation	B-PROC
(	O
ECMO	O
).	O

In	O
patients	O
with	O
cardiogenic	B-DISO
shock	I-DISO
,	O
short	O
-	O
term	O
veno	O
-	O
arterial	B-ANAT
ECMO	O
(	O
VA	O
-	O
ECMO	O
)	O
provides	O
both	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
and	O
circulatory	B-PROC
support	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Porcine	B-SPEC
epidemic	I-SPEC
diarrhea	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
),	O
a	O
causative	O
agent	O
of	O
porcine	B-SPEC
epidemic	B-DISO
diarrhea	I-DISO
,	O
causes	O
economic	O
loss	O
in	O
the	O
global	O
swine	B-SPEC
industry	O
.	O

Vero	B-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
,	O
an	O
African	B-SPEC
green	I-SPEC
monkey	I-SPEC
kidney	B-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
line	O
,	O
has	O
been	O
commonly	O
used	O
to	O
isolate	O
and	O
propagate	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
.	O

In	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
we	O
observed	O
that	O
human	B-SPEC
embryonic	B-ANAT
kidney	B-ANAT
293	O
(	O
HEK293	O
)	O
cells	B-COMP
were	O
susceptible	O
to	O
infection	B-DISO
with	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
vaccine	O
strain	O
CV777	O
(	O
G1	O
subtype	O
)	O
and	O
field	O
isolate	O
LNCT2	O
(	O
G2	O
subtype	O
).	O

Taken	O
together	O
,	O
our	O
findings	O
suggest	O
that	O
HEK293	O
cells	O
can	O
be	O
efficiently	O
infected	O
by	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
,	O
which	O
might	O
provide	O
a	O
useful	O
tool	O
for	O
understanding	O
the	O
fundamental	O
mechanisms	O
of	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
in	O
vitro	O
.	O

The	O
article	O
examines	O
two	O
recent	O
cases	O
:	O
the	O
first	O
detection	O
of	O
Middle	O
East	O
Respiratory	O
Syndrome	B-DISO
(	O
MERS	O
)	O
outbreak	O
in	O
Saudi	O
Arabia	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
first	O
months	O
of	O
the	O
Ebola	O
outbreak	O
in	O
Guinea	B-SPEC
.	O

The	O
article	O
argues	O
that	O
to	O
realize	O
the	O
full	O
potential	O
of	O
a	O
transparent	O
disease	O
outbreak	O
reporting	O
process	O
,	O
there	O
is	O
a	O
need	O
for	O
a	O
human	B-SPEC
rights	O
framework	O
that	O
expressly	O
articulates	O
its	O
right	O
to	O
receive	O
reports	O
and	O
outlines	O
appropriate	O
behaviour	B-PROC
for	O
the	O
WHO	O
,	O
states	O
,	O
and	O
non	O
-	O
state	O
actors	O
.	O

Multiplex	O
real	O
-	O
time	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
was	O
done	O
to	O
identify	O
the	O
viruses	B-SPEC
in	O
the	O
samples	O
.	O

Human	B-SPEC
metapneumovirus	I-SPEC
(	O
HMPV	B-SPEC
)	O
was	O
the	O
predominant	O
virus	B-SPEC
detected	O
in	O
25	O
.	O
7	O
per	O
cent	O
children	O
followed	O
by	O
influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
(	O
H1N1	O
)	O
pdm09	O
,	O
human	B-SPEC
rhinovirus	I-SPEC
(	O
HRV	O
)	O
and	O
human	B-SPEC
adenovirus	B-DISO
(	O
HAdV	O
)	O
in	O
19	O
.	O
9	O
,	O
11	O
.	O
0	O
and	O
8	O
.	O
8	O
per	O
cent	O
children	O
,	O
respectively	O
.	O

The	O
HMPV	B-SPEC
was	O
at	O
its	O
peak	O
in	O
February	O
2013	O
,	O
HAdV	O
showed	O
two	O
peaks	O
in	O
March	O
-	O
April	O
,	O
2012	O
and	O
November	O
2012	O
-	O
March	O
2013	O
while	O
HRV	O
was	O
detected	O
throughout	O
the	O
year	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
The	O
overall	O
positivity	O
for	O
viruses	B-SPEC
in	O
the	O
study	O
was	O
found	O
to	O
be	O
72	O
.	O
9	O
per	O
cent	O
with	O
a	O
co	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
rate	O
of	O
19	O
.	O
5	O
per	O
cent	O
.	O

A	O
number	O
of	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
(	O
MERS	O
)	O
outbreaks	O
have	O
been	O
linked	O
to	O
healthcare	O
facilities	O
.	O

Information	O
technology	O
,	O
laboratory	O
preparedness	O
,	O
clinical	O
and	O
public	O
health	O
management	O
,	O
and	O
infection	B-DISO
control	O
preparedness	O
provide	O
a	O
comprehensive	O
and	O
generalizable	O
preparedness	O
plan	B-DISO
for	O
emerging	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Serological	O
evidence	O
of	O
coronavirus	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
in	O
native	O
hamadryas	B-SPEC
baboons	I-SPEC
(	O
Papio	B-SPEC
hamadryas	I-SPEC
hamadryas	I-SPEC
)	O
of	O
the	O
Kingdom	B-SPEC
of	O
Saudi	O
Arabia	O
.	O

There	O
are	O
no	O
peer	O
-	O
reviewed	O
publications	O
on	O
viral	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
of	O
the	O
baboons	B-SPEC
of	O
KSA	O
.	O

One	O
of	O
these	O
may	O
be	O
the	O
fibromyalgia	B-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
,	O
a	O
chronic	O
painful	B-DISO
disorder	O
for	O
which	O
no	O
satisfactory	O
treatment	O
exists	O
.	O

Should	O
fibromyalgia	O
and	O
acute	B-DISO
mountain	I-DISO
sickness	I-DISO
have	O
a	O
common	O
etiology	O
,	O
may	O
they	O
also	O
share	O
a	O
common	O
form	O
of	O
treatment	O
?	O

In	O
LPS	B-DISO
-	O
treated	O
Raw264	O
.	O
7	O
macrophages	B-ANAT
,	O
miR	O
-	O
19	O
mimics	O
blocking	B-DISO
the	O
down	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
regulation	I-PROC
of	O
LPS	B-DISO
-	O
induced	O
p47phox	B-PRGE
expression	B-PROC
,	O
the	O
accumulation	O
of	O
ROS	B-CHED
,	O
and	O
the	O
release	B-PATH
of	O
inflammatory	O
cytokines	O
.	O

We	O
found	O
that	O
the	O
accumulation	O
of	O
ROS	B-CHED
inhibited	O
the	O
LPS	B-DISO
-	O
induced	O
release	B-PATH
of	O
inflammatory	O
cytokines	O
,	O
the	O
upregulation	B-PROC
of	O
miR	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
19	I-PRGE
and	O
the	O
down	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
regulation	I-PROC
of	O
LPS	B-DISO
-	O
induced	O
p47phox	B-PRGE
expression	B-PROC
.	O

Finally	O
,	O
we	O
constructed	O
a	O
p47phox	B-PRGE
3	I-PRGE
'	I-PRGE
UTR	I-PRGE
luciferase	I-PRGE
reporter	O
plasmid	O
to	O
provide	O
direct	O
confirmation	O
that	O
miR	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
19	I-PRGE
targets	O
p47phox	B-PRGE
expression	B-PROC
.	O

Age	O
<	O
2	O
years	O
(	O
odds	O
ratio	O
[	O
OR	O
]	O
=	O
5	O
.	O
0	O
;	O
95	O
%	O
confidence	O
interval	O
[	O
CI	O
],	O
1	O
.	O
9	O
-	O
13	O
.	O
1	O
)	O
and	O
cardiovascular	B-ANAT
(	O
OR	O
=	O
3	O
.	O
9	O
;	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
,	O
1	O
.	O
6	O
-	O
9	O
.	O
5	O
),	O
genetic	O
/	O
congenital	O
(	O
OR	O
=	O
2	O
.	O
8	O
;	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
,	O
1	O
.	O
1	O
-	O
7	O
.	O
0	O
),	O
and	O
respiratory	O
chronic	O
complex	O
conditions	O
([	O
CCCs	B-CHED
]	O
OR	O
=	O
4	O
.	O
5	O
;	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
,	O
1	O
.	O
7	O
-	O
12	O
.	O
0	O
)	O
were	O
associated	O
with	O
receiving	O
respiratory	O
support	O
.	O

A	O
57	O
-	O
year	O
-	O
old	O
man	B-CHED
rapidly	O
had	O
severe	O
vomiting	B-DISO
and	O
diarrhea	B-DISO
2	O
h	O
after	O
a	O
meal	O
.	O

Brain	B-ANAT
magnetic	O
resonance	O
imaging	O
(	O
MRI	O
)	O
showed	O
a	O
heart	B-ANAT
-	O
shaped	O
region	O
of	O
diffusion	O
abnormality	O
,	O
characteristic	O
of	O
BMP	B-PRGE
infarction	B-DISO
.	O

After	O
admission	O
,	O
she	O
had	O
severe	O
respiratory	B-DISO
distress	I-DISO
and	O
required	O
intubation	O
.	O

Lumbar	B-ANAT
puncture	O
was	O
evaluated	O
for	O
Guillain	O
-	O
Barré	O
syndrome	B-DISO
,	O
but	O
cerebrospinal	B-ANAT
fluid	I-ANAT
protein	B-CHED
concentration	O
was	O
normal	O
.	O

Severe	O
ARDS	B-DISO
survivors	O
admitted	O
to	O
two	O
ICUs	O
in	O
China	O
between	O
January	O
2012	O
and	O
January	O
2014	O
were	O
enrolled	O
.	O

Two	O
hours	O
following	O
the	O
injury	O
,	O
decreased	O
mean	O
arterial	B-ANAT
blood	I-ANAT
pressure	O
(	O
60	O
-	O
70	O
mmHg	O
)	O
and	O
cardiac	B-ANAT
index	O
(<	O
2	O
L	O
.	O
min	O
-	O
1	O
.	O
m	O
-	O
2	O
)	O
were	O
observed	O
in	O
the	O
animals	B-SPEC
in	O
the	O
SS	O
group	O
,	O
while	O
systemic	B-PROC
vascular	I-PROC
resistance	I-PROC
index	O
was	O
increased	O
.	O

Severe	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
in	O
the	O
SS	O
group	O
was	O
confirmed	O
by	O
the	O
histopathology	O
evaluations	O
.	O

In	O
the	O
present	O
study	O
,	O
we	O
developed	O
a	O
novel	O
porcine	B-SPEC
model	O
of	O
septic	B-DISO
shock	I-DISO
induced	O
by	O
ARDS	B-DISO
due	O
to	O
severe	O
MRSA	B-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
with	O
characteristic	O
hyperdynamic	O
and	O
hypodynamic	O
phases	O
in	O
24	O
h	O
,	O
which	O
mimicked	O
the	O
hemodynamic	B-PROC
changing	O
of	O
septic	B-DISO
shock	I-DISO
in	O
human	B-SPEC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
The	O
Predictive	O
Value	O
of	O
Coefficient	O
of	O
PCT	B-DISO
×	O
BG	O
for	O
Anastomotic	B-DISO
Leak	I-DISO
in	O
Esophageal	B-DISO
Carcinoma	I-DISO
Patients	O
With	O
ARDS	O
After	O
Esophagectomy	O
.	O

Clinical	O
data	O
were	O
collected	O
from	O
the	O
patients	O
'	O
electronic	O
medical	O
records	O
,	O
including	O
their	O
clinically	O
hematological	O
examination	O
,	O
drainage	O
fluid	O
cultures	O
,	O
and	O
sputum	B-ANAT
culture	O
.	O

Inflammatory	O
markers	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
CRP	B-PRGE
,	O
PCT	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
the	O
coefficient	O
of	O
BG	O
and	O
PCT	B-DISO
,	O
were	O
significantly	O
different	O
between	O
the	O
2	O
groups	O
.	O

Enrichment	O
blood	B-ANAT
culture	O
/	O
PCR	O
using	O
We	O
conclude	O
that	O
microbiological	O
diagnosis	O
and	O
treatment	O
of	O

Moreover	O
,	O
this	O
new	O
assay	O
enables	O
the	O
assessment	O
of	O
viral	O
load	O
measurement	O
which	O
might	O
be	O
useful	O
for	O
epidemiology	O
and	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
studies	O
.	O

ICC	B-DISO
was	O
carried	O
out	O
as	O
avidin	O
-	O
biotin	B-CHED
complex	O
method	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Fulminant	B-DISO
hepatitis	I-DISO
(	O
FH	O
)	O
is	O
characterized	O
by	O
rapid	O
liver	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
and	O
high	O
mortality	O
.	O

IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
33	I-FUNC
is	O
a	O
member	O
of	O
the	O
IL	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
related	I-PRGE
cytokines	I-PRGE
,	O
considered	O
to	O
be	O
an	O
""""	O
alarmin	O
""""	O
that	O
participates	O
in	O
various	O
diseases	O
,	O
but	O
its	O
precise	O
role	O
in	O
the	O
coagulation	B-PROC
of	O
FH	O
is	O
not	O
very	O
clear	O
.	O

Our	O
studies	O
showed	O
that	O
IL	O
-	O
33	O
administration	O
in	O
a	O
MHV	B-SPEC
-	O
3	O
infection	B-DISO
promoted	O
survival	O
during	O
FH	O
,	O
with	O
a	O
significant	O
reduction	O
in	O
FGL2	B-PRGE
expression	B-PROC
and	O
liver	B-ANAT
inflammation	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
current	O
study	O
indicates	O
that	O
considerable	O
differences	O
in	O
immunocompetence	B-PROC
may	O
exist	O
between	O
commercial	O
layer	B-ANAT
lines	O
used	O
in	O
organic	O
production	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
CNS	B-CHED
inflammation	B-DISO
resulting	O
from	O
infection	B-DISO
,	O
injury	O
,	O
or	O
neurodegeneration	B-DISO
leads	O
to	O
accumulation	O
of	O
diverse	O
B	B-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
subsets	O
.	O

Although	O
antibody	B-ANAT
secreting	B-PROC
cells	B-COMP
(	O
ASC	O
)	O
within	O
the	O
inflamed	O
CNS	B-CHED
have	O
been	O
extensively	O
examined	O
,	O
memory	B-ANAT
B	I-ANAT
cell	B-COMP
(	O
Bmem	O
)	O
characterization	O
has	O
been	O
limited	O
as	O
they	O
do	O
not	O
secrete	B-PROC
antibody	B-COMP
without	O
stimulation	O
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
Simultaneous	O
enumeration	O
of	O
antigen	B-CHED
-	O
specific	O
Bmem	O
and	O
ASC	O
using	O
the	O
Bmem	O
assay	O
optimized	O
for	O
CNS	B-CHED
-	O
derived	O
cells	B-COMP
enables	O
characterization	O
of	O
temporal	O
changes	O
during	O
microbial	O
or	O
auto	O
-	O
antigen	B-CHED
induced	O
neuroinflammation	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Avian	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
bronchitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
IBV	B-SPEC
)	O
is	O
highly	O
prevalent	O
in	O
chicken	B-SPEC
populations	O
and	O
is	O
responsible	O
for	O
severe	O
economic	O
losses	O
to	O
poultry	O
industry	O
worldwide	O
.	O

The	O
genome	O
of	O
strain	O
CU	O
/	O
1	O
/	O
2014	O
is	O
closely	O
related	O
to	O
vaccine	O
strain	O
H120	O
but	O
showed	O
genome	O
-	O
wide	O
point	O
mutations	O
that	O
lead	O
to	O
27	O
,	O
14	O
,	O
11	O
,	O
1	O
,	O
1	O
,	O
2	O
,	O
2	O
,	O
and	O
2	O
amino	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
differences	O
between	O
the	O
two	O
strains	O
in	O
1a	O
,	O
1b	O
,	O
S	O
,	O
3a	O
,	O
M	O
,	O
4b	O
,	O
4c	O
,	O
and	O
N	O
proteins	B-CHED
,	O
respectively	O
,	O
suggesting	O
that	O
strain	O
CU	O
/	O
1	O
/	O
2014	O
is	O
probably	O
a	O
revertant	O
of	O
the	O
vaccine	O
strain	O
H120	O
and	O
evolved	O
by	O
accumulation	O
of	O
point	B-PROC
mutations	I-PROC
.	O

Recombination	B-PROC
analysis	O
of	O
strain	O
CU	O
/	O
4	O
/	O
2014	O
showed	O
evidence	O
for	O
recombination	B-PROC
from	O
at	O
least	O
three	O
different	O
IBV	B-SPEC
strains	O
,	O
namely	O
,	O
the	O
Italian	O
strain	O
90254	O
/	O
2005	O
(	O
QX	O
-	O
like	O
strain	O
),	O
4	O
/	O
91	O
,	O
and	O
H120	O
.	O

In	O
addition	O
to	O
lung	B-ANAT
protection	O
ventilator	O
strategies	O
and	O
bronchoscopy	O
,	O
intrapulmonary	O
percussive	O
ventilation	O
was	O
initiated	O
to	O
facilitate	O
lung	B-ANAT
recruitment	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenation	B-PROC
(	O
ECMO	O
)	O
as	O
a	O
treatment	O
strategy	O
for	O
severe	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
in	O
the	O
low	O
tidal	O
volume	O
era	B-CHED
:	O
A	O
systematic	O
review	O
.	O

Electronic	O
databases	O
were	O
searched	O
for	O
studies	O
of	O
at	O
least	O
10	O
adult	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
ARDS	B-DISO
comparing	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
ECMO	O
with	O
low	O
tidal	O
volume	O
ventilation	O
to	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
with	O
a	O
low	O
tidal	O
volume	O
alone	O
.	O

Future	O
studies	O
on	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
ECMO	O
for	O
severe	O
ARDS	B-DISO
are	O
needed	O
to	O
clarify	O
the	O
role	O
of	O
ECMO	O
in	O
this	O
disease	O
.	O

In	O
contrast	O
to	O
our	O
hypothesis	O
,	O
anthropogenic	O
habitat	O
disturbance	O
was	O
not	O
associated	O
with	O
corona	B-CHED
-	O
and	O
astrovirus	O
detection	O
rates	O
in	O
fecal	B-ANAT
samples	O
.	O

Since	O
it	O
was	O
first	O
identified	O
in	O
a	O
patient	O
who	O
died	B-PROC
in	O
a	O
Jeddah	O
hospital	O
in	O
2012	O
,	O
the	O
World	O
Health	O
Organization	O
has	O
been	O
notified	O
of	O
1735	O
laboratory	O
-	O
confirmed	O
cases	O
from	O
27	O
countries	O
,	O
including	O
628	O
deaths	B-PROC
.	O

The	O
broad	O
-	O
spectrum	O
antiviral	B-CHED
nitazoxanide	O
has	O
been	O
shown	O
to	O
have	O
in	O
vitro	O
activity	O
against	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
.	O
Synthetic	O
peptides	B-CHED
and	O
candidate	O
vaccines	O
based	O
on	O
regions	O
of	O
the	O
spike	O
protein	B-CHED
have	O
shown	O
promise	O
in	O
rodent	B-SPEC
and	O
non	O
-	O
human	B-SPEC
primate	B-SPEC
models	O
.	O

We	O
performed	O
a	O
systematic	O
review	O
and	O
meta	B-SPEC
-	O
analysis	O
of	O
the	O
most	O
recent	O
literature	O
to	O
analyse	O
complications	O
and	O
hospital	O
mortality	O
associated	O
with	O
this	O
technique	O
.	O

The	O
objectives	O
of	O
this	O
review	O
are	O
to	O
describe	O
the	O
rationale	O
of	O
ECLS	O
techniques	O
,	O
to	O
review	O
the	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
potentially	O
treated	O
by	O
ECLS	O
,	O
and	O
finally	O
to	O
demonstrate	O
the	O
efficacy	O
of	O
ECLS	O
,	O
using	O
recently	O
published	O
data	O
from	O
the	O
literature	O
,	O
in	O
order	B-SPEC
to	O
practice	O
evidence	O
based	O
medicine	B-CHED
.	O

In	O
the	O
field	O
of	O
lung	B-ANAT
transplantation	O
,	O
ECLS	O
may	O
be	O
used	O
successfully	O
as	O
a	O
bridge	O
to	O
transplantation	O
,	O
as	O
intraoperative	O
cardiorespiratory	O
support	O
or	O
as	O
a	O
bridge	O
to	O
recovery	O
in	O
cases	O
of	O
severe	O
primary	B-DISO
graft	I-DISO
dysfunction	I-DISO
.	O

In	O
general	O
thoracic	B-DISO
surgery	O
,	O
ECLS	O
technology	O
seems	O
to	O
be	O
safe	O
and	O
efficient	O
as	O
intraoperative	O
respiratory	O
support	O
for	O
tracheobronchial	O
surgery	O
or	O
for	O
severe	O
respiratory	O
insufficiency	O
,	O
without	O
significant	O
increase	O
in	O
perioperative	O
risk	O
.	O

In	O
most	O
cases	O
,	O
making	O
an	O
early	O
diagnosis	O
is	O
challenging	O
due	O
to	O
the	O
treatments	O
that	O
consist	O
in	O
the	O
rapid	O
administration	O
of	O
intravenous	O
immunoglobulin	B-PROC
or	O
plasma	B-ANAT
exchange	O
.	O

This	O
strategy	O
leads	O
to	O
a	O
novel	O
sensing	O
platform	O
with	O
good	O
extendibility	O
for	O
DNA	O
analysis	O
,	O
and	O
provides	O
a	O
powerful	O
protocol	O
for	O
facilitating	O
the	O
cognition	B-PROC
of	O
DNA	O
conformation	O
on	O
metal	B-CHED
surfaces	O
.	O

Phylogenetic	O
analysis	O
based	O
on	O
complete	O
genome	O
of	O
all	O
available	O
coronaviruses	O
consistently	O
show	O
that	O
CRCoV	O
BJ232	O
is	O
most	O
closely	O
related	O
to	O
human	B-PRGE
coronavirus	I-PRGE
OC43	I-PRGE
(	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
OC43	I-SPEC
)	O
and	O
BCoV	O
,	O
forming	O
a	O
separate	O
clade	O
that	O
split	O
off	O
early	O
from	O
other	O
Betacoronavirus	B-SPEC
1	I-SPEC
.	O

However	O
orf1ab	O
,	O
membrane	B-COMP
(	O
M	O
)	O
and	O
nucleocapsid	B-COMP
(	O
N	O
)	O
genes	O
were	O
more	O
related	O
to	O
Bovine	B-SPEC
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
BCoV	O
)	O
than	O
CRCoV	O
-	O
B232	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
In	O
patients	O
with	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
diseases	I-DISO
such	O
as	O
idiopathic	B-DISO
pulmonary	I-DISO
fibrosis	I-DISO
and	O
severe	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
,	O
progressive	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
fibrosis	I-DISO
is	O
caused	O
by	O
dysregulated	O
wound	B-PROC
healing	I-PROC
via	O
activation	O
of	O
fibroblasts	B-ANAT
after	O
lung	B-DISO
inflammation	I-DISO
or	O
severe	O
damage	O
.	O

We	O
evaluated	O
the	O
effects	O
of	O
substrate	O
stiffness	B-DISO
on	O
the	O
morphology	O
,	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Efficient	O
Reverse	O
Genetic	O
Systems	O
for	O
Rapid	O
Genetic	O
Manipulation	O
of	O
Emergent	O
and	O
Preemergent	O
Infectious	B-DISO
Coronaviruses	O
.	O

In	O
this	O
protocol	O
we	O
describe	O
a	O
well	O
-	O
developed	O
reverse	O
genetic	O
platform	O
strategy	O
for	O
CoVs	O
that	O
is	O
comprised	O
of	O
partitioning	O
the	O
viral	B-COMP
genome	I-COMP
into	O
5	O
-	O
7	O
independent	O
DNA	O
fragments	O
(	O
depending	O
on	O
the	O
CoV	O
genome	O
),	O
each	O
subcloned	O
into	O
a	O
plasmid	O
for	O
increased	O
stability	O
and	O
ease	O
of	O
genetic	O
manipulation	O
and	O
amplification	O
.	O

Secretory	B-PROC
phospholipase	B-ENZY
A2	I-ENZY
plays	O
an	O
important	O
role	O
in	O
inflammation	B-DISO
and	O
possible	O
dysfunction	O
of	O
surfactants	B-CHED
in	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
The	O
Prevalence	O
of	O
Penile	B-DISO
Pearly	I-DISO
Papules	I-DISO
among	O
Young	O
Men	O
.	O

The	O
aim	O
of	O
this	O
study	O
was	O
to	O
determine	O
the	O
prevalence	O
of	O
pearly	O
penile	O
papules	O
(	O
PPP	B-DISO
)	O
among	O
young	O
men	O
in	O
Eskisehir	O
,	O
Turkey	B-SPEC
.	O

All	O
medical	O
practitioners	O
should	O
be	O
familiar	O
with	O
PPP	B-DISO
.	O

Their	O
similarity	O
to	O
genital	B-DISO
warts	I-DISO
may	O
generate	O
a	O
false	O
apprehension	O
of	O
venereal	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
and	O
may	O
lead	O
to	O
unwanted	O
and	O
hazardous	O
treatments	O
.	O

During	O
the	O
winter	O
season	O
,	O
viral	O
respiratory	O
pathogens	O
,	O
mainly	O
influenza	B-SPEC
A	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
,	O
human	B-SPEC
metapneumovirus	I-SPEC
,	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
,	O
and	O
respiratory	B-SPEC
syncytial	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
were	O
clinically	O
underdiagnosed	O
in	O
70	O
%	O
of	O
patients	O
positive	O
by	O
the	O
multiplex	O
PCR	O
assay	O
.	O

The	O
hazard	O
ratio	O
(	O
HR	O
)	O
comparing	O
plasma	B-ANAT
plus	O
standard	O
care	O
with	O
standard	O
care	O
alone	O
was	O
1	O
·	O
71	O
(	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
0	O
·	O
96	O
-	O
3	O
·	O
06	O
).	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
In	O
bacterial	B-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
,	O
lung	B-ANAT
damage	O
resulting	O
from	O
epithelial	B-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
injury	O
is	O
a	O
major	O
contributor	O
to	O
the	O
severity	O
of	O
disease	O
and	O
,	O
in	O
some	O
cases	O
,	O
can	O
lead	O
to	O
long	O
-	O
term	O
sequelae	O
,	O
especially	O
in	O
the	O
setting	O
of	O
severe	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
or	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

Leukemia	B-PROC
inhibitory	I-PROC
factor	I-PROC
(	O
LIF	B-PROC
),	O
a	O
member	O
of	O
the	O
IL	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
6	I-PRGE
cytokine	I-PRGE
family	B-SPEC
,	O
is	O
a	O
critical	O
determinant	O
of	O
lung	B-ANAT
tissue	I-ANAT
protection	O
during	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
,	O
but	O
the	O
cellular	B-COMP
sources	O
of	O
LIF	B-PROC
and	O
the	O
signaling	B-PROC
pathways	B-PROC
leading	O
to	O
its	O
production	O
in	O
the	O
infected	O
lung	B-ANAT
are	O
not	O
known	O
.	O

Overall	O
,	O
our	O
data	O
suggest	O
a	O
signaling	B-PROC
axis	B-SPEC
whereby	O
activation	O
of	O
NF	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
κB	I-PRGE
RelA	I-PRGE
in	O
myeloid	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
promotes	O
epithelial	O
LIF	B-PRGE
induction	O
during	O
lung	B-ANAT
infections	B-DISO
,	O
representing	O
a	O
means	O
through	O
which	O
these	O
two	O
cell	B-COMP
types	O
collaborate	O
to	O
improve	O
tissue	B-ANAT
resilience	O
during	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Combination	O
of	O
H120	O
and	O
1	O
/	O
96	O
avian	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
bronchitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
vaccine	O
strains	O
protect	O
chickens	B-SPEC
against	O
challenge	O
with	O
IS	O
/	O
1494	O
/	O
06	O
(	O
variant	O
2	O
)-	O
like	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
.	O

SPF	B-PRGE
chickens	I-PRGE
were	O
divided	O
into	O
four	O
groups	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
20	O
).	O

The	O
trachea	B-DISO
pathological	O
scores	O
and	O
histopathological	O
findings	O
in	O
the	O
lungs	B-ANAT
and	O
kidneys	B-ANAT
also	O
confirmed	O
better	O
protective	O
efficacy	O
of	O
vaccinated	O
groups	O
.	O

It	O
is	O
a	O
causative	O
agent	O
of	O
enteric	O
and	O
respiratory	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
of	O
cattle	B-SPEC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Type	B-PRGE
II	I-PRGE
transmembrane	I-PRGE
serine	B-CHED
proteases	I-PRGE
(	O
TTSPs	O
)	O
facilitate	O
the	O
spread	O
and	O
replication	O
of	O
viruses	B-SPEC
such	O
as	O
influenza	B-DISO
and	O
human	B-SPEC
coronaviruses	O
,	O
although	O
it	O
remains	O
unclear	O
whether	O
TTSPs	O
play	O
a	O
role	O
in	O
the	O
progression	O
of	O
animal	B-SPEC
coronavirus	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
,	O
such	O
as	O
that	O
by	O
porcine	B-SPEC
epidemic	I-SPEC
diarrhea	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
).	O

Our	O
results	O
showed	O
that	O
TMPRSS2	O
and	O
MSPL	O
played	O
significant	O
roles	O
in	O
the	O
stages	O
of	O
cell	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
cell	B-COMP
fusion	I-PROC
and	O
virus	B-SPEC
-	O
cell	B-PROC
fusion	I-PROC
,	O
whereas	O
HAT	B-PRGE
and	O
DESC1	B-PRGE
exhibited	O
weaker	O
effects	O
.	O

This	O
activation	O
may	O
be	O
involved	O
in	O
the	O
interaction	O
between	O
TTSPs	O
and	O
the	O
PEDV	B-PRGE
S	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
,	O
as	O
the	O
S	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
extensively	O
co	O
-	O
localized	O
with	O
TMPRSS2	B-PRGE
and	O
MSPL	B-PRGE
and	O
could	O
be	O
cleaved	B-ANAT
by	O
co	O
-	O
expression	B-PROC
with	O
TMPRSS2	O
or	O
MSPL	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Is	O
There	O
a	O
Preinterventional	O
Mechanical	O
Ventilation	O
Time	O
Limit	O
for	O
Candidates	O
of	O
Adult	O
Respiratory	O
Extracorporeal	O
Membrane	B-COMP
Oxygenation	B-PROC
.	O

This	O
retrospective	O
study	O
included	O
129	O
adult	O
patients	O
receiving	O
VV	O
-	O
ECMO	O
for	O
ARDS	B-DISO
in	O
a	O
single	O
institution	O
from	O
2007	O
to	O
2016	O
.	O

KGF	B-PRGE
did	O
not	O
improve	O
physiological	O
or	O
clinical	O
outcomes	O
in	O
ARDS	B-DISO
and	O
might	O
be	O
harmful	O
to	O
patient	O
health	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Porcine	B-SPEC
epidemic	I-SPEC
diarrhea	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
)	O
causes	O
severe	B-DISO
diarrhea	I-DISO
and	O
high	O
fatality	O
of	O
piglets	O
,	O
influencing	O
the	O
swine	B-SPEC
industry	O
.	O

Compounds	O
1	O
-	O
7	O
had	O
no	O
cytotoxicity	B-DISO
at	O
20μM	O
on	O
VERO	O
cells	O
,	O
while	O
compounds	O
8	O
-	O
10	O
showed	O
strong	O
cytotoxicity	B-DISO
at	O
similar	O
concentrations	O
on	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
.	O

Information	O
on	O
71	O
patients	O
at	O
>	O
25	O
weeks	O
gestation	B-PROC
in	O
the	O
ICU	O
with	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
was	O
recorded	O
between	O
2009	O
and	O
2013	O
.	O

Maintenance	O
of	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
within	O
the	O
study	O
population	O
was	O
more	O
likely	O
in	O
an	O
epidemic	O
model	O
that	O
included	O
both	O
persistently	O
and	O
transiently	O
infectious	O
bats	B-SPEC
,	O
compared	O
with	O
the	O
epidemic	O
model	O
with	O
non	O
-	O
grouping	O
of	O
bats	B-SPEC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
A	O
molecular	O
survey	O
for	O
selected	O
viral	O
enteropathogens	O
revealed	O
a	O
limited	O
role	O
of	O
Canine	O
circovirus	B-SPEC
in	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
canine	O
acute	B-DISO
gastroenteritis	I-DISO
.	O

A	O
high	O
prevalence	O
of	O
viral	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
was	O
detected	O
in	O
dogs	B-SPEC
with	O
gastroenteritis	B-DISO
(	O
77	O
.	O
16	O
%),	O
with	O
CPV	B-SPEC
representing	O
the	O
most	O
frequently	O
detected	O
enteropathogen	O
,	O
followed	O
by	O
CanineCV	O
and	O
CCoV	O
.	O
While	O
CPV	O
and	O
CCoV	O
infections	B-DISO
displayed	O
a	O
strong	O
association	O
with	O
occurrence	O
of	O
acute	B-DISO
gastroenteritis	I-DISO
(	O
p	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
00001	O
),	O
detection	O
of	O
CanineCV	O
in	O
control	O
dogs	B-SPEC
(	O
28	O
.	O
35	O
%)	O
occurred	O
with	O
prevalence	O
comparable	O
to	O
that	O
of	O
clinical	O
cases	O
(	O
32	O
.	O
42	O
%),	O
so	O
that	O
its	O
correlation	O
with	O
gastrointestinal	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
was	O
not	O
statistically	O
supported	O
(	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
530988	O
).	O

This	O
study	O
supports	O
the	O
role	O
of	O
CanineCV	O
as	O
a	O
co	O
-	O
pathogen	O
in	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
gastrointestinal	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
,	O
mainly	O
acting	O
in	O
synergism	B-PROC
with	O
other	O
enteric	O
viruses	B-SPEC
.	O

Here	O
we	O
present	O
the	O
crystal	B-ANAT
structure	O
of	O
HKU1	B-PRGE
CTD	I-PRGE
at	O
1	O
.	O
9	O
Å	O
resolution	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Evaluation	O
and	O
Comparison	O
of	O
the	O
Pathogenicity	O
and	O
Host	B-COMP
Immune	B-PROC
Responses	I-PROC
Induced	O
by	O
a	O
G2b	O
Taiwan	O
Porcine	O
Epidemic	O
Diarrhea	O
Virus	O
(	O
Strain	O
Pintung	O
52	O
)	O
and	O
Its	O
Highly	O
Cell	B-COMP
-	O
Culture	O
Passaged	O
Strain	O
in	O
Conventional	O
5	O
-	O
Week	O
-	O
Old	O
Pigs	B-SPEC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
has	O
caused	O
fatal	O
infections	B-DISO
,	O
some	O
through	O
hospital	O
-	O
acquired	O
transmission	O
,	O
in	O
affected	O
regions	O
since	O
its	O
emergence	O
in	O
2012	O
.	O

Coagulation	B-DISO
defect	I-DISO
was	O
seen	O
in	O
89	O
%	O
patients	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
One	O
hundred	O
and	O
twenty	O
-	O
one	O
patients	O
were	O
diagnosed	O
with	O
snake	B-SPEC
bite	B-PROC
-	O
induced	O
AKI	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Uvaria	B-SPEC
angolensis	I-SPEC
as	O
a	O
promising	O
source	O
of	O
inhibitors	B-CHED
of	O
HIV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
1	I-SPEC
RT	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
associated	I-PRGE
RNA	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
dependent	I-PRGE
DNA	I-PRGE
polymerase	I-PRGE
and	O
RNase	O
H	O
functions	O
.	O

In	O
the	O
present	O
work	O
,	O
we	O
investigated	O
the	O
effect	O
of	O
Uvaria	B-SPEC
angolensis	I-SPEC
extracts	O
on	O
the	O
HIV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
1	I-SPEC
reverse	B-PRGE
transcriptase	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
associated	I-PRGE
DNA	I-PRGE
polymerase	I-PRGE
and	O
ribonuclease	B-PRGE
H	I-PRGE
activities	O
.	O

In	O
addition	O
to	O
this	O
,	O
moisture	O
and	O
ether	B-CHED
content	O
appear	O
to	O
be	O
an	O
important	O
determinant	O
of	O
virus	B-SPEC
survival	O
in	O
feed	O
ingredients	O
.	O

They	O
bind	B-FUNC
and	O
remove	O
ubiquitin	B-PROC
(	O
Ub	O
)	O
and	O
interferon	B-PRGE
stimulated	I-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
15	I-PRGE
(	O
ISG15	B-PRGE
)	O
from	O
cellular	B-COMP
proteins	B-CHED
to	O
suppress	O
host	B-COMP
antiviral	B-CHED
innate	B-DISO
immune	I-DISO
responses	I-DISO
.	O

Together	O
,	O
this	O
makes	O
vDUBs	O
highly	O
attractive	O
antiviral	B-CHED
drug	I-CHED
targets	O
.	O

UbVs	O
bound	O
the	O
vDUBs	O
with	O
high	O
affinity	O
and	O
specificity	O
to	O
inhibit	O
deubiquitination	B-PROC
,	O
deISGylation	O
and	O
in	O
the	O
case	O
of	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
also	O
viral	O
replicative	O
polyprotein	O
processing	O
.	O

It	O
enters	O
the	O
body	B-ANAT
via	O
skin	B-ANAT
,	O
respiratory	O
and	O
gastrointestinal	B-ANAT
tracts	I-ANAT
.	O

Zinc	B-CHED
phosphide	B-CHED
is	O
hydrolyzed	O
by	O
the	O
gastric	B-ANAT
acid	I-ANAT
and	O
is	O
transformed	O
into	O
phosphine	B-CHED
gas	B-ENZY
.	O

The	O
late	O
deaths	B-PROC
(	O
beyond	O
24	O
h	O
)	O
had	O
been	O
commonly	O
due	O
to	O
adult	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
,	O
liver	B-ANAT
and	O
renal	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
is	O
a	O
critical	O
condition	B-DISO
characterized	O
by	O
bilateral	B-DISO
pulmonary	I-DISO
infiltrates	I-DISO
and	O
severe	O
hypoxemia	O
.	O

The	O
correlation	O
between	O
serum	B-COMP
CC16	O
levels	O
and	O
the	O
severity	O
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
as	O
quantified	O
by	O
PaO	B-PROC
The	O
serum	B-COMP
CC16	O
levels	O
in	O
ARDS	B-DISO
patients	O
were	O
significantly	O
higher	O
than	O
that	O
in	O
non	O
-	O
ARDS	O
patients	O
(	O
54	O
.	O
44	O
±	O
19	O
.	O
62	O
vs	O
24	O
.	O
13	O
±	O
12	O
.	O
32	O
ng	O
/	O
mL	O
,	O
P	O
=.	O
001	O
).	O

Emergency	B-DISO
departments	O
and	O
ICUs	O
at	O
two	O
academic	O
children	O
'	O
s	O
hospitals	O
.	O

The	O
most	O
common	O
cause	O
of	O
death	B-PROC
was	O
refractory	B-DISO
shock	I-DISO
(	O
34	O
%),	O
then	O
multiple	B-DISO
organ	I-DISO
dysfunction	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
after	O
shock	O
recovery	O
(	O
27	O
%),	O
neurologic	O
injury	O
(	O
19	O
%),	O
single	O
-	O
organ	B-ANAT
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
(	O
9	O
%),	O
and	O
nonseptic	O
comorbidity	O
(	O
6	O
%).	O

Comparing	O
the	O
normal	O
transcription	B-PROC
regulatory	O
sequence	O
(	O
TRS	B-DISO
),	O
3	O
variant	O
TRS	B-DISO
sequences	O
upstream	O
the	O
spike	O
(	O
S	O
),	O
ORF3	O
,	O
and	O
ORF8	O
genes	O
were	O
found	O
in	O
the	O
genome	O
of	O
AcCoV	O
-	O
JC34	O
.	O

Both	O
alphacoronaviruses	O
and	O
betacoronaviruses	O
were	O
detected	O
in	O
Apodemus	B-SPEC
chevrieri	I-SPEC
in	O
the	O
Yunnan	O
Province	O
of	O
China	O
,	O
indicating	O
that	O
Apodemus	B-SPEC
chevrieri	I-SPEC
is	O
an	O
important	O
host	B-COMP
for	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
.	O

Influenza	B-SPEC
A	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
IAV	O
)	O
infection	B-DISO
is	O
the	O
cause	O
of	O
a	O
respiratory	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
that	O
poses	O
a	O
significant	O
global	O
public	O
health	O
concern	O
.	O

For	O
severity	O
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
,	O
subjects	O
were	O
stratified	O
according	O
to	O
P	O
A	O
total	O
of	O
2	O
,	O
914	O
subjects	O
were	O
included	O
in	O
these	O
trials	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
prone	O
posture	O
is	O
known	O
to	O
have	O
numerous	O
effects	O
on	O
gas	B-ENZY
exchange	O
,	O
both	O
under	O
normal	O
conditions	O
and	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

In	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
papain	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
like	I-PRGE
protease	I-PRGE
(	O
PL	O

During	O
delivery	O
she	O
developed	O
coma	B-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
describe	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
and	O
septic	B-DISO
shock	I-DISO
in	O
a	O
cat	B-SPEC
with	O
disseminated	B-DISO
toxoplasmosis	I-DISO
.	O

Despite	O
initial	O
treatment	O
with	O
oxygen	B-CHED
supplementation	O
and	O
intravenous	O
clindamycin	B-CHED
,	O
the	O
cat	B-SPEC
developed	O
refractory	O
hypoxemia	O
and	O
hypotension	O
requiring	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
and	O
vasopressor	O
support	O
within	O
24	O
hours	O
of	O
hospital	O
admission	O
.	O

GJ	O
proteins	B-CHED
,	O
connexin	B-PROC
43	O
(	O
Cx43	B-PRGE
)	O
and	O
connexin	B-PRGE
47	I-PRGE
(	O
Cx47	B-PRGE
),	O
play	O
a	O
crucial	O
role	O
in	O
production	O
and	O
maintenance	O
of	O
CNS	B-CHED
myelin	B-COMP
.	O

The	O
sequence	O
alignment	O
using	O
Clustal	O
W	O
shows	O
that	O
the	O
signal	O
sequence	O
present	O
at	O
the	O
cytoplasmic	B-ANAT
tail	I-ANAT
plays	O
an	O
important	O
role	O
in	O
spike	O
protein	B-PROC
localization	I-PROC
.	O

This	O
study	O
sheds	O
some	O
light	O
on	O
the	O
role	O
of	O
cytoplasmic	B-ANAT
tail	I-ANAT
of	O
spike	O
protein	B-CHED
in	O
cell	B-COMP
-	O
to	O
-	O
cell	B-PROC
fusion	I-PROC
,	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
host	B-COMP
cell	I-COMP
fusion	O
and	O
subsequent	O
pathogenicity	O
.	O

Seventeen	O
patients	O
had	O
abbreviated	O
injury	O
score	O
(	O
AIS	B-DISO
)	O
0	O
,	O
81	O
patients	O
had	O
low	O
-	O
grade	O
injury	O
(	O
AIS	B-DISO
1	O
and	O
2	O
),	O
and	O
63	O
patients	O
had	O
high	O
-	O
grade	O
injury	O
(	O
AIS	B-DISO
3	O
and	O
4	O
).	O

Patients	O
with	O
high	O
-	O
grade	O
INH	O
had	O
worse	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
dysfunction	O
,	O
worse	O
oxygenation	B-PROC
indices	O
(	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
01	O
)	O
and	O
plasma	B-ANAT
carboxyhemoglobin	O
(	O
COHgb	O
;	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
01	O
)	O
on	O
admission	O
,	O
increased	O
fluid	O
requirements	O
(	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
01	O
at	O
24	O
hours	O
;	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
04	O
at	O
48	O
hours	O
),	O
MODS	O
(	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
04	O
),	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
(	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
01	O
),	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
01	O
at	O
48	O
hours	O
),	O
fewer	O
28	O
-	O
day	O
ventilator	O
-	O
free	O
days	O
(	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
01	O
),	O
greater	O
ventilator	O
dependence	B-DISO
(	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
03	O
),	O
and	O
longer	O
length	O
of	O
stay	O
(	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
01	O
).	O

HFRS	B-DISO
is	O
endemic	O
in	O
Europe	O
and	O
Russia	O
,	O
where	O
the	O
mild	O
form	O
of	O
the	O
disease	O
is	O
prevalent	O
in	O
the	O
Tatarstan	O
region	O
.	O

HFRS	B-DISO
and	O
HPS	B-DISO
are	O
usually	O
acquired	O
via	O
the	O
upper	B-ANAT
respiratory	I-ANAT
tract	I-ANAT
by	O
inhalation	B-PROC
of	O
virus	B-SPEC
-	O
contaminated	O
aerosol	O
.	O

Overall	O
,	O
serum	B-COMP
cytokine	O
profiles	O
associated	O
with	O
HPS	B-DISO
revealed	O
a	O
more	O
pro	B-CHED
-	O
inflammatory	O
milieu	O
as	O
compared	O
to	O
HFRS	B-DISO
.	O

To	O
predict	O
the	O
potential	O
B	B-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
epitopes	O
of	O
E	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
,	O
three	O
most	O
effective	O
online	O
epitope	B-CHED
prediction	O
programs	O
,	O
the	O
ABCpred	O
,	O
Bepipred	O
,	O
and	O
Protean	O
programs	O
from	O
the	O
LaserGene	O
software	O
were	O
used	O
.	O

The	O
2C10	O
mAb	O
was	O
transiently	O
expressed	B-PROC
in	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Recurrent	O
elevated	O
liver	B-ANAT
transaminases	O
and	O
acute	B-DISO
liver	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
in	O
two	O
siblings	O
with	O
novel	O
bi	O
-	O
allelic	O
mutations	O
of	O
NBAS	O
.	O

This	O
structure	O
provides	O
strong	O
experimental	O
support	O
for	O
the	O
recent	O
proposal	O
advanced	O
by	O
us	O
and	O
others	O
that	O
the	O
""""	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
unique	O
""""	O
region	O
is	O
not	O
unique	O
to	O
the	O
human	O
SARS	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
,	O
but	O
is	O
conserved	O
among	O
several	O
different	O
phylogenetic	O
groups	O
of	O
coronaviruses	O
and	O
provides	O
essential	O
functions	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
Antibody	B-PROC
Responses	I-PROC
1	O
Year	O
after	O
Symptom	B-DISO
Onset	O
,	O
South	O
Korea	O
,	O
2015	O
.	O

Antibody	B-COMP
titers	O
in	O
4	O
of	O
6	O
patients	O
who	O
had	O
mild	O
illness	O
were	O
undetectable	O
even	O
though	O
most	O
had	O
evidence	O
of	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
.	O

Obtaining	O
convalescent	O
-	O
phase	O
plasma	B-ANAT
with	O
high	O
antibody	B-COMP
titers	O
to	O
treat	O
MERS	O
will	O
be	O
challenging	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Complete	O
genome	O
sequence	O
of	O
a	O
novel	O
S	O
-	O
insertion	O
variant	O
of	O
porcine	B-SPEC
epidemic	I-SPEC
diarrhea	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
from	O
South	O
Korea	O
.	O

The	O
genome	O
of	O
the	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
strain	O
KOR	O
/	O
KNU	O
-	O
1601	O
/	O
2016	O
was	O
sequenced	O
and	O
analyzed	O
to	O
characterize	O
the	O
S	O
-	O
insertion	O
variant	O
circulating	O
on	O
Jeju	O
Island	O
.	O

Time	O
since	O
respiratory	B-DISO
symptom	I-DISO
onset	O
was	O
2	O
(	O
1	O
-	O
3	O
)	O
days	O
.	O

Samples	O
from	O
different	O
age	O
groups	O
and	O
the	O
carcass	O
of	O
a	O
piglet	O
were	O
examined	O
by	O
various	O
methods	O
including	O
pathology	B-DISO
,	O
bacteriology	O
and	O
molecular	O
biology	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
A	O
reverse	O
genetics	O
system	O
for	O
avian	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
based	O
on	O
targeted	B-PROC
RNA	O
recombination	B-PROC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Avian	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
IBV	B-SPEC
)	O
is	O
a	O
respiratory	O
pathogen	O
of	O
chickens	B-SPEC
that	O
causes	O
severe	O
economic	O
losses	O
in	O
the	O
poultry	O
industry	O
worldwide	O
.	O

Herein	O
,	O
the	O
genomic	O
part	O
coding	O
for	O
the	O
spike	O
glycoprotein	B-CHED
ectodomain	O
was	O
replaced	O
by	O
that	O
of	O
the	O
coronavirus	O
mouse	B-DISO
hepatitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
MHV	B-SPEC
),	O
allowing	O
for	O
the	O
selection	O
and	O
propagation	O
of	O
recombinant	O
mIBV	O
in	O
murine	B-SPEC
cells	B-COMP
.	O

Targeted	B-PROC
RNA	O
recombination	B-PROC
allowed	O
for	O
the	O
modification	O
of	O
the	O
3	O
'-	O
end	O
of	O
the	O
IBV	B-SPEC
genome	O
,	O
encoding	O
all	O
structural	O
and	O
accessory	O
genes	O
.	O

Overall	O
,	O
low	O
-	O
quality	O
evidence	O
indicates	O
that	O
blood	O
purification	O
with	O
CVVH	O
might	O
be	O
associated	O
with	O
a	O
significant	O
reduction	O
in	O
mortality	O
when	O
performed	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
sepsis	B-DISO
or	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

There	O
was	O
no	O
intervention	O
to	O
control	O
the	O
infection	B-DISO
in	O
the	O
early	O
phase	O
of	O
the	O
outbreak	O
,	O
thus	O
the	O
data	O
used	O
here	O
provide	O
the	O
best	O
conditions	O
to	O
evaluate	O
the	O
epidemic	O
characteristics	O
of	O
MERS	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
the	O
basic	O
reproduction	B-PROC
number	O
.	O

An	O
evaluation	O
of	O
basic	O
reproduction	B-PROC
number	O
using	O
epidemic	O
data	O
could	O
be	O
problematic	O
if	O
there	O
are	O
stochastic	O
fluctuations	B-DISO
in	O
the	O
early	O
phase	O
of	O
the	O
outbreak	O
,	O
or	O
if	O
the	O
report	O
is	O
not	O
accurate	O
and	O
there	O
is	O
bias	B-SPEC
in	O
the	O
data	O
.	O

For	O
all	O
18	O
DBoV2	O
genomes	O
,	O
an	O
AT	O
-	O
rich	O
region	O
of	O
variable	O
length	O
and	O
composition	O
was	O
present	O
downstream	O
to	O
NP1	B-PRGE
.	O

Though	O
typically	O
self	O
-	O
limited	O
,	O
more	O
severe	O
exposure	O
may	O
lead	O
to	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
,	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
),	O
and	O
even	O
death	B-PROC
.	O

ARDS	B-DISO
is	O
defined	O
as	O
an	O
acute	B-DISO
disorder	I-DISO
that	O
starts	O
within	O
7	O
days	O
of	O
the	O
inciting	O
event	O
and	O
is	O
characterized	O
by	O
bilateral	O
lung	B-ANAT
infiltrates	B-DISO
and	O
severe	O
progressive	O
hypoxemia	O
in	O
the	O
absence	O
of	O
any	O
evidence	O
of	O
cardiogenic	B-DISO
pulmonary	I-DISO
edema	I-DISO
.	O

Once	O
ARDS	B-DISO
develops	O
,	O
patients	O
usually	O
have	O
varying	O
degrees	O
of	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
artery	I-ANAT
vasoconstriction	B-DISO
and	O
,	O
subsequently	O
,	O
may	O
develop	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
hypertension	I-DISO
.	O

ARDS	B-DISO
carries	O
a	O
high	O
mortality	O
,	O
and	O
few	O
effective	O
therapeutic	O
modalities	O
exist	O
to	O
combat	B-CHED
this	O
condition	B-DISO
.[	O
1	O
][	O
2	O
]	O

Extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenation	B-PROC
patients	O
experienced	O
more	O
clinically	O
significant	O
iatrogenic	O
withdrawal	B-DISO
than	O
moderate	O
/	O
severe	O
pediatric	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
patients	O
managed	O
without	O
extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenation	B-PROC
support	O
(	O
p	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
001	O
).	O

Compared	O
to	O
extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenation	B-PROC
patients	O
managed	O
per	O
Randomized	O
Evaluation	O
of	O
Sedation	B-DISO
Titration	O
for	O
Respiratory	B-DISO
Failure	I-DISO
protocol	O
,	O
usual	O
care	O
extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenation	B-PROC
patients	O
received	O
more	O
opioids	O
during	O
the	O
study	O
period	O
(	O
mean	O
cumulative	O
dose	O
of	O
183	O
.	O
0	O
vs	O
89	O
.	O
8	O
mg	O
/	O
kg	O
;	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
02	O
),	O
over	O
6	O
.	O
5	O
greater	O
exposure	O
days	O
(	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
002	O
)	O
with	O
no	O
differences	O
in	O
wakefulness	O
or	O
agitation	B-DISO
.	O

To	O
assess	O
potential	O
drug	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
induced	I-DISO
liver	I-DISO
injury	I-DISO
,	O
we	O
also	O
analyzed	O
biomarkers	O
of	O
liver	B-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
integrity	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Human	B-SPEC
Coronavirus	I-SPEC
-	I-PRGE
HKU1	I-PRGE
Infection	B-DISO
Among	O
Adults	O
in	O
Cleveland	O
,	O
Ohio	O
.	O

Coronavirus	B-SPEC
-	O
HKU1	O
has	O
been	O
described	O
predominantly	O
among	O
children	O
less	O
than	O
5	O
years	O
of	O
age	O
in	O
the	O
United	O
States	O
with	O
few	O
studies	O
characterizing	O
the	O
disease	O
spectrum	O
among	O
adults	O
.	O

Seven	O
(	O
54	O
%)	O
required	O
hospitalization	O
,	O
5	O
(	O
71	O
%)	O
of	O
these	O
needed	O
supplemental	O
oxygen	B-CHED
,	O
and	O
2	O
(	O
29	O
%)	O
were	O
admitted	O
to	O
intensive	O
care	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
This	O
could	O
be	O
the	O
start	O
of	O
something	O
big	O
-	O
20	O
years	O
since	O
the	O
identification	O
of	O
bats	B-SPEC
as	O
the	O
natural	O
host	O
of	O
Hendra	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Hendra	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
was	O
first	O
described	O
in	O
1994	O
in	O
Australia	O
,	O
causally	O
associated	O
with	O
a	O
cluster	O
of	O
fatal	O
equine	B-SPEC
and	O
human	B-SPEC
cases	O
at	O
a	O
thoroughbred	O
racing	O
stable	O
in	O
the	O
Brisbane	O
suburb	O
of	O
Hendra	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Absence	O
of	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
antibodies	B-COMP
in	O
feral	O
camels	B-SPEC
in	O
Australia	O
:	O
Implications	O
for	O
the	O
pathogen	O
'	O
s	O
origin	O
and	O
spread	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
infections	B-DISO
continue	O
to	O
be	O
a	O
serious	O
emerging	O
disease	O
problem	O
internationally	O
with	O
well	O
over	O
1000	O
cases	O
and	O
a	O
major	O
outbreak	O
outside	O
of	O
the	O
Middle	O
East	O
region	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
still	O
causes	O
outbreaks	O
despite	O
public	O
awareness	O
and	O
implementation	O
of	O
health	O
care	O
measures	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
rapid	O
viral	O
diagnosis	O
and	O
patient	O
quarantine	O
.	O

Coronaviruses	O
are	O
also	O
a	O
threat	O
for	O
humans	B-SPEC
,	O
as	O
evidenced	O
in	O
2002	O
/	O
2003	O
with	O
infection	B-DISO
by	O
the	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
),	O
which	O
caused	O
more	O
than	O
8000	O
human	B-SPEC
infections	B-DISO
with	O
10	O
%	O
fatality	O
rate	O
in	O
37	O
countries	O
.	O

Finally	O
,	O
the	O
relevance	O
of	O
potential	O
new	O
target	O
species	B-SPEC
is	O
discussed	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Co	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
of	O
H9N2	O
subtype	O
avian	B-SPEC
influenza	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
and	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
decreases	O
SP	O
-	O
A	O
expression	B-PROC
level	O
in	O
chickens	B-SPEC
.	O

The	O
aim	O
of	O
this	O
study	O
was	O
the	O
detection	O
and	O
characterization	O
of	O
cSP	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
A	I-PRGE
in	O
co	O
-	O
infected	O
chickens	B-SPEC
.	O

For	O
this	O
purpose	O
,	O
four	O
-	O
week	O
-	O
old	O
specific	O
pathogen	O
-	O
free	O
(	O
SPF	O
)	O
chickens	B-SPEC
were	O
divided	O
into	O
five	O
groups	O
and	O
inoculated	O
intranasally	O
with	O
H9N2	O
subtype	O
avian	B-SPEC
influenza	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
AIV	O
),	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
IBV	B-SPEC
),	O
or	O
Newcastle	B-SPEC
disease	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
NDV	B-SPEC
).	O

The	O
remaining	O
seven	O
IBV	B-SPEC
isolates	O
were	O
shown	O
to	O
have	O
originated	O
from	O
recombination	B-PROC
events	O
between	O
a	O
4	O
/	O
91	O
-	O
like	O
vaccine	O
strain	O
and	O
a	O
GX	O
-	O
LY9	O
-	O
like	O
virus	B-SPEC
,	O
which	O
were	O
responsible	O
for	O
the	O
emergence	O
of	O
a	O
novel	O
serotype	O
.	O

Peripheral	O
smear	O
revealed	O
multilobulated	O
neutrophils	B-ANAT
with	O
schistocytes	B-ANAT
,	O
poikilocytes	B-ANAT
and	O
anisocytes	B-ANAT
.	O

Lactic	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
normalized	O
,	O
acute	O
kidney	B-ANAT
injury	O
resolved	O
and	O
mentation	O
improved	O
after	O
transfusion	O
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
Pernicious	B-DISO
anemia	I-DISO
is	O
a	O
chronic	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
with	O
subtle	O
presentation	O
but	O
may	O
present	O
as	O
life	O
-	O
threatening	O
complications	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
In	O
the	O
past	O
20	O
years	O
,	O
our	O
understanding	O
of	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
distress	O
syndrome	O
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
management	O
has	O
improved	O
,	O
but	O
the	O
worldwide	O
incidence	O
and	O
current	O
outcomes	O
are	O
unclear	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
is	O
a	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
that	O
is	O
still	O
widely	O
spread	O
in	O
pig	B-SPEC
farming	O
.	O

Finally	O
,	O
TGEV	O
GFP	O
is	O
a	O
recombinant	O
strain	O
that	O
obtained	O
its	O
main	O
body	B-ANAT
from	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
PUR	O
46	O
-	O
MAD	B-PROC
,	O
but	O
its	O
spike	O
protein	B-CHED
from	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
PUR	O
-	O
C11	O
that	O
showed	O
high	O
mortality	O
in	O
piglets	O
in	O
vivo	O
.	O

TGEV	B-SPEC
Miller	O
mildly	O
and	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
GFP	O
extensively	O
infected	O
the	O
cells	B-COMP
in	O
the	O
jejunum	B-ANAT
based	O
on	O
the	O
amount	O
of	O
positive	O
stained	O
epithelial	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Down	O
-	O
regulating	O
heat	B-PRGE
shock	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
27	I-PRGE
is	O
involved	O
in	O
porcine	B-SPEC
epidemic	I-SPEC
diarrhea	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
escaping	O
from	O
host	O
antiviral	B-CHED
mechanism	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Porcine	B-SPEC
epidemic	I-SPEC
diarrhea	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
),	O
is	O
the	O
etiological	O
agent	O
of	O
porcine	B-SPEC
epidemic	I-SPEC
diarrhea	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
PED	O
),	O
causes	O
high	O
mortality	O
with	O
severe	O
vomiting	B-DISO
,	O
diarrhea	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
dehydration	B-DISO
in	O
swine	B-SPEC
farms	O
.	O

In	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
the	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
strain	O
85	O
-	O
7	O
could	O
be	O
proliferated	O
effectively	O
in	O
MARC	O
-	O
145	O
cells	B-COMP
,	O
and	O
caused	O
a	O
distinct	O
inhibition	B-PROC
of	O
the	O
expression	B-PROC
of	O
interferon	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
β	I-PRGE
(	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
β	I-PRGE
,	O
encoded	O
by	O
IFNB1	B-PRGE
),	O
which	O
suggested	O
that	O
a	O
full	O
understanding	O
how	O
this	O
virus	B-SPEC
manipulates	O
the	O
host	B-COMP
immune	B-PROC
responses	I-PROC
is	O
critical	O
in	O
the	O
fight	O
against	O
the	O
spread	O
of	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
.	O

Here	O
,	O
we	O
described	O
the	O
isolation	O
of	O
a	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
-	O
neutralizing	O
antibody	B-COMP
from	O
the	O
B	B-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
of	O
a	O
vaccinated	O
pig	B-SPEC
.	O

Significant	O
differences	O
of	O
codon	O
preferences	O
in	O
BCoV	O
genes	O
in	O
relation	O
to	O
codon	O
usage	O
of	O
Bos	B-PRGE
taurus	I-PRGE
host	B-COMP
genes	I-PRGE
were	O
found	O
.	O

Testing	O
ruled	O
out	O
influenza	B-SPEC
A	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
and	O
identified	O
porcine	B-SPEC
hemagglutinating	O
encephalomyelitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
as	O
the	O
cause	O
of	O
influenza	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
like	I-DISO
illness	I-DISO
in	O
the	O
affected	O
swine	B-SPEC
.	O

Despite	O
this	O
,	O
only	O
6	O
%	O
of	O
all	O
CoV	O
sequences	O
in	O
GenBank	O
are	O
from	O
bats	B-SPEC
.	O

We	O
identified	O
sequences	O
representing	O
100	O
discrete	O
phylogenetic	O
clusters	B-CHED
,	O
ninety	O
-	O
one	O
of	O
which	O
were	O
found	O
in	O
bats	B-SPEC
,	O
and	O
used	O
ecological	O
and	O
epidemiologic	O
analyses	O
to	O
show	O
that	O
patterns	O
of	O
CoV	O
diversity	O
correlate	O
with	O
those	O
of	O
bat	O
diversity	O
.	O

Co	O
-	O
phylogenetic	O
reconciliation	O
analysis	O
was	O
also	O
used	O
to	O
show	O
that	O
host	B-COMP
switching	O
has	O
contributed	O
to	O
CoV	O
evolution	B-PROC
,	O
and	O
a	O
preliminary	O
analysis	O
suggests	O
that	O
regional	O
variation	O
exists	O
in	O
the	O
dynamics	O
of	O
this	O
process	O
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
Eight	O
percent	O
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
patients	O
have	O
no	O
identified	O
risk	O
factor	O
,	O
80	O
%	O
of	O
whom	O
have	O
no	O
etiological	O
diagnosis	O
made	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Controlled	O
hypoventilation	O
while	O
accepting	O
hypercapnia	B-DISO
has	O
been	O
advocated	O
to	O
reduce	O
ventilator	O
-	O
induced	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
.	O

Out	O
of	O
150	O
episodes	O
of	O
admission	O
to	O
the	O
PICU	B-SPEC
88	O
children	O
underwent	O
invasive	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
for	O
>	O
24h	O
(	O
overall	O
survival	O
75	O
%).	O

Fifteen	O
children	O
survived	O
and	O
were	O
discharged	O
from	O
the	O
PICU	B-SPEC
.	O

After	O
that	O
,	O
groups	O
2	O
and	O
4	O
were	O
orally	B-ANAT
administered	O
tea	B-CHED
saponins	O
in	O
drinking	B-PROC
water	B-CHED
for	O
7	O
d	O
.	O
Then	O
,	O
groups	O
1	O
to	O
4	O
were	O
immunized	O
with	O
a	O
live	O
,	O
bivalent	O
vaccine	O
of	O
Newcastle	B-SPEC
disease	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
and	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
.	O

However	O
,	O
parental	O
asthma	B-PATH
,	O
ever	O
wheezing	B-DISO
and	O
environmental	O
tobacco	B-SPEC
smoke	O
exposure	O
are	O
risk	O
factors	O
for	O
severe	O
viral	B-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
in	O
children	O
.	O

To	O
develop	O
a	O
radiological	O
metric	O
of	O
injurious	O
inflation	O
derived	O
from	O
matched	O
inspiratory	B-PROC
and	O
expiratory	B-PROC
CT	O
scans	O
,	O
calibrate	O
it	O
in	O
a	O
model	O
of	O
experimental	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
,	O
and	O
test	O
it	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Association	O
of	O
clinical	O
characteristics	O
of	O
patients	O
presenting	O
with	O
influenza	B-DISO
like	I-DISO
illness	I-DISO
or	O
severe	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
illness	O
with	O
development	O
of	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

Each	O
patient	O
was	O
assessed	O
for	O
signs	B-DISO
and	I-DISO
symptoms	I-DISO
,	O
clinical	O
features	O
,	O
treatment	O
,	O
complications	O
and	O
outcome	O
of	O
ILI	O
and	O
SARI	O
.	O

We	O
found	O
that	O
SARS	B-DISO
S	O
residue	O
R667	O
,	O
a	O
previously	O
identified	O
trypsin	B-PRGE
cleavage	B-PROC
site	O
,	O
is	O
also	O
required	O
for	O
S	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
cleavage	O
by	O
TMPRSS2	O
.	O

The	O
cleavage	B-PROC
fragments	O
produced	O
by	O
trypsin	B-PRGE
and	O
TMPRSS2	B-PRGE
differed	O
in	O
their	O
decoration	O
with	O
N	B-CHED
-	I-CHED
glycans	I-CHED
,	O
suggesting	O
that	O
these	O
proteases	O
cleave	O
different	O
SARS	B-DISO
S	O
glycoforms	O
.	O

Conversely	O
,	O
residue	O
R797	O
,	O
previously	O
reported	O
to	O
be	O
required	O
for	O
SARS	B-PRGE
S	I-PRGE
activation	O
by	O
trypsin	B-PRGE
,	O
was	O
dispensable	O
for	O
S	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
cleavage	O
but	O
required	O
for	O
S	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
activation	O
by	O
TMPRSS2	O
.	O

We	O
then	O
performed	O
combination	O
studies	O
of	O
Lupeol	B-CHED
and	O
the	O
active	O
site	O
RNase	B-PRGE
H	I-PRGE
inhibitor	B-CHED
RDS1759	O
,	O
and	O
blind	B-DISO
docking	B-PROC
calculations	O
,	O
demonstrating	O
that	O
Lupeol	B-CHED
binds	B-FUNC
to	O
an	O
HIV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
1	I-SPEC
RT	O
allosteric	O
pocket	O
.	O

Results	O
supported	O
the	O
potential	O
of	O
this	O
plant	B-SPEC
as	O
a	O
valuable	O
multitarget	O
active	O
drug	O
source	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Although	O
shrews	O
are	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
largest	O
groups	O
of	O
mammals	B-SPEC
,	O
little	O
is	O
known	O
about	O
their	O
role	O
in	O
the	O
evolution	B-PROC
and	O
transmission	O
of	O
viral	O
pathogens	O
,	O
including	O
coronaviruses	O
(	O
CoVs	O
).	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Patients	O
receiving	O
extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenation	B-PROC
(	O
ECMO	O
)	O
are	O
at	O
risk	O
of	O
circuit	O
thrombosis	B-DISO
due	O
to	O
constant	O
contact	O
between	O
blood	B-ANAT
and	O
the	O
extracorporeal	O
components	O
.	O

We	O
report	O
the	O
case	O
of	O
a	O
27	O
-	O
year	O
-	O
old	O
man	B-CHED
with	O
severe	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
who	O
developed	O
HIT	O
while	O
on	O
venovenous	O
ECMO	O
with	O
continuous	O
venovenous	O
hemofiltration	O
.	O

Seasonal	O
variation	O
in	O
the	O
occurrence	O
of	O
these	O
viruses	B-SPEC
was	O
also	O
noted	O
.	O

NF	O
-	O
κB	O
activation	O
is	O
a	O
common	O
pro	B-CHED
-	O
inflammatory	B-DISO
response	I-DISO
of	O
host	B-COMP
cells	B-COMP
to	O
viral	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
.	O

Compared	O
to	O
other	O
+	O
RNA	O
viruses	B-SPEC
,	O
coronaviruses	O
have	O
an	O
exceptionally	O
large	O
genome	O
and	O
employ	O
a	O
complex	O
genome	O
expression	B-PROC
strategy	O
.	O

For	O
example	O
,	O
by	O
interacting	O
with	O
the	O
host	B-COMP
cell	I-COMP
to	O
create	O
an	O
optimal	O
environment	O
for	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
replication	O
,	O
by	O
altering	O
host	B-COMP
gene	B-PROC
expression	I-PROC
or	O
by	O
counteracting	O
the	O
host	B-COMP
'	O
s	O
antiviral	B-CHED
defenses	O
.	O

Veno	O
-	O
Venous	B-ANAT
ECMO	O
(	O
V	O
-	O
V	O
ECMO	O
)	O
is	O
a	O
lifesaving	O
treatment	O
of	O
patients	O
in	O
whom	O
severe	O
ARDS	B-DISO
makes	O
artificial	O
lung	B-ANAT
ventilation	O
unlikely	O
to	O
provide	O
satisfactory	O
blood	B-ANAT
oxygenation	B-PROC
for	O
preventing	O
further	O
vital	O
organs	B-ANAT
damage	O
and	O
progression	O
to	O
death	B-PROC
.	O

Putative	O
factors	O
related	O
to	O
increased	O
survival	O
include	O
patients	O
retrieval	O
after	O
connecting	O
them	O
to	O
ECMO	O
,	O
and	O
less	O
intensive	O
anticoagulation	B-PROC
protocols	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Comparison	O
of	O
the	O
Luminex	O
xTAG	O
Respiratory	O
Viral	O
Panel	O
Fast	B-FUNC
v2	O
Assay	O
With	O
Anyplex	O
II	O
RV16	O
Detection	O
Kit	O
and	O
AdvanSure	O
RV	O
Real	O
-	O
Time	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
Assay	O
for	O
the	O
Detection	O
of	O
Respiratory	O
Viruses	B-SPEC
.	O

The	O
agreement	O
levels	O
were	O
relatively	O
low	O
(	O
94	O
.	O
1	O
-	O
97	O
.	O
6	O
%)	O
for	O
specimens	O
of	O
adenovirus	B-DISO
,	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
NL63	O
,	O
and	O
parainfluenza	B-DISO
type	O
3	O
.	O

The	O
xTAG	B-PRGE
RVP	I-PRGE
Fast	I-PRGE
v2	I-PRGE
assay	O
showed	O
comparable	O
capabilities	O
compared	O
with	O
the	O
other	O
assays	O
;	O
it	O
will	O
be	O
useful	O
for	O
identifying	O
respiratory	O
viral	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
in	O
patients	O
with	O
respiratory	B-DISO
symptoms	I-DISO
.	O

Clinicians	O
should	O
be	O
aware	O
of	O
the	O
characteristics	O
of	O
the	O
assays	O
they	O
use	O
,	O
since	O
different	O
assays	O
show	O
different	O
detectability	O
for	O
each	O
virus	B-SPEC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
In	O
August	O
2015	O
,	O
the	O
Corona	B-CHED
outbreak	O
caused	O
by	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
was	O
the	O
9th	O
episode	O
since	O
June	O
2012	O
in	O
Saudi	O
Arabia	O
.	O

Almost	O
all	O
participants	O
heard	O
about	O
the	O
corona	B-CHED
disease	O
and	O
causative	O
agent	O
.	O

Notably	O
,	O
epitope	B-CHED
mapping	O
by	O
peptide	B-CHED
ELISAs	O
revealed	O
that	O
nine	O
of	O
these	O
mAbs	O
recognized	O
linear	O
neutralizing	O
epitopes	O
located	O
in	O
the	O
N	O
-	O
terminus	O
of	O
the	O
S2	O
glycoprotein	B-CHED
subunit	O
(	O
amino	B-CHED
acids	I-CHED
[	O
aa	O
]	O
744	O
-	O
759	O
,	O
747	O
-	O
774	O
and	O
/	O
or	O
756	O
-	O
771	O
).	O

PHTR	O
effectively	O
prevent	O
exposure	O
during	O
commercial	O
air	O
travel	O
to	O
persons	O
with	O
potentially	O
infectious	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
.	O

We	O
report	O
here	O
the	O
first	O
structure	O
of	O
full	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
length	I-PRGE
coronavirus	I-PRGE
helicase	I-PRGE
,	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
nsp13	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Potent	O
Inhibition	B-PROC
of	O
HIV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
1	I-SPEC
Replication	O
in	O
Resting	B-ANAT
CD4	B-PRGE
T	I-PRGE
Cells	O
by	O
Resveratrol	B-CHED
and	O
Pterostilbene	B-CHED
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Microscopic	O
polyangiitis	O
(	O
MPA	O
)	O
is	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
anti	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
neutrophil	I-PRGE
cytoplasmic	B-COMP
antibodies	B-COMP
(	O
ANCA	B-PRGE
)-	O
related	O
vasculitis	B-DISO
,	O
which	O
usually	O
presents	O
as	O
renal	B-DISO
pulmonary	B-ANAT
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

The	O
natural	O
history	O
of	O
AS	O
begins	O
with	O
a	O
prolonged	O
asymptomatic	O
period	O
,	O
but	O
when	O
symptomatic	O
,	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
is	O
one	O
of	O
its	O
main	O
clinical	O
presentations	O
.	O

The	O
incidence	O
of	O
this	O
condition	B-DISO
is	O
estimated	O
at	O
1	O
/	O
1000	O
per	O
year	O
.	O

In	O
a	O
rare	O
variant	O
of	O
the	O
syndrome	B-DISO
,	O
involvement	O
of	O
both	O
phrenic	B-ANAT
nerves	I-ANAT
can	O
occur	O
,	O
leading	O
to	O
diaphragmatic	B-ANAT
paralysis	O
and	O
severe	O
orthopnoea	B-DISO
.	O

Imaging	O
studies	O
showed	O
bilateral	O
diaphragmatic	B-ANAT
paralysis	O
,	O
and	O
electromyography	O
(	O
EMG	O
)	O
confirmed	O
neuropathy	B-DISO
of	O
both	O
phrenic	B-ANAT
nerves	I-ANAT
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
Isolated	O
phrenic	O
nerve	O
neuropathy	B-DISO
is	O
a	O
rare	O
variant	O
of	O
neuralgic	B-DISO
amyotrophy	I-DISO
,	O
leading	O
to	O
orthopnoea	B-DISO
.	O

We	O
show	O
that	O
a	O
nucleotide	B-CHED
prodrug	B-CHED
,	O
GS	O
-	O
5734	O
,	O
currently	O
in	O
clinical	O
development	B-PROC
for	O
treatment	O
of	O
Ebola	B-DISO
virus	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
,	O
can	O
inhibit	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
and	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
replication	O
in	O
multiple	O
in	O
vitro	O
systems	O
,	O
including	O
primary	O
human	O
airway	B-ANAT
epithelial	B-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
cultures	O
with	O
submicromolar	O
IC	O

The	O
combination	O
of	O
broad	O
live	O
priming	O
using	O
Mass	O
and	O
793B	O
vaccines	O
and	O
boosting	O
with	O
multiple	O
inactivated	O
IBV	B-SPEC
antigens	B-CHED
induced	O
the	O
highest	O
level	O
of	O
VNA	O
against	O
Q1	O
strains	O
,	O
which	O
might	O
be	O
indicative	O
for	O
higher	O
levels	O
of	O
protection	O
against	O
Q1	O
challenge	O
in	O
laying	O
birds	B-SPEC
.	O

The	O
massive	O
inflammatory	B-DISO
reaction	I-DISO
that	O
follows	O
deep	O
burn	O
injury	O
,	O
compounded	O
by	O
episodes	O
of	O
sepsis	B-DISO
and	O
organ	B-ANAT
dysfunction	O
,	O
predisposes	O
patients	O
to	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

A	O
rapidly	O
deteriorating	O
clinical	O
course	O
in	O
a	O
patient	O
with	O
SCD	B-DISO
presenting	O
with	O
ACS	B-FUNC
or	O
severe	O
vaso	O
-	O
occlusive	O
crisis	O
should	O
trigger	O
a	O
high	O
index	O
of	O
suspicion	O
for	O
FES	O
.	O

Young	O
children	O
living	O
in	O
a	O
group	O
context	O
have	O
a	O
high	O
risk	O
of	O
respiratory	O
virus	B-SPEC
infections	B-DISO
,	O
especially	O
rhinovirus	B-SPEC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Lateral	O
medullary	B-ANAT
infarction	B-DISO
rarely	O
leads	O
to	O
central	O
hypoventilation	B-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
CHS	B-DISO
).	O

CHS	B-DISO
after	O
unilateral	O
medullary	B-ANAT
infarction	B-DISO
involving	O
respiratory	B-ANAT
centers	I-ANAT
tends	O
to	O
occur	O
in	O
the	O
acute	O
and	O
subacute	O
phase	O
and	O
may	O
be	O
lethal	O
without	O
careful	O
respiratory	O
management	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
We	O
previously	O
demonstrated	O
that	O
adaptation	O
of	O
an	O
embryo	B-ANAT
-	O
attenuated	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
IBV	B-SPEC
)	O
Arkansas	O
(	O
Ark	O
)	O
Delmarva	O
Poultry	O
Industry	O
(	O
DPI	O
)-	O
derived	O
vaccine	O
to	O
chicken	B-SPEC
embryo	B-ANAT
kidney	B-ANAT
(	O
CEK	O
)	O
cells	B-COMP
(	O
CEKp7	O
)	O
shifted	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
population	O
towards	O
homogeneity	O
in	O
spike	O
(	O
S	O
)	O
and	O
nonstructural	O
protein	B-CHED
genes	O
.	O

Moreover	O
,	O
the	O
typical	O
Ark	O
vaccine	O
subpopulations	O
emerging	O
in	O
chickens	B-SPEC
vaccinated	O
with	O
commercial	O
Ark	O
vaccines	O
were	O
not	O
detected	O
in	O
chickens	B-SPEC
vaccinated	O
with	O
CEKp7	O
,	O
indicating	O
that	O
kidney	B-ANAT
-	O
cell	B-COMP
adaptation	B-PROC
drastically	O
increased	O
the	O
stability	O
of	O
the	O
vaccine	O
virus	B-SPEC
population	O
in	O
chickens	B-SPEC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Syndromic	O
surveillance	O
of	O
severe	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
infections	I-DISO
(	O
SARI	O
)	O
is	O
important	O
to	O
assess	O
seriousness	O
of	O
disease	O
as	O
recommended	O
by	O
WHO	O
for	O
influenza	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
SCD	B-DISO
comprised	O
2	O
.	O
2	O
times	O
patients	O
as	O
the	O
BCD	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
3	O
.	O
6	O
times	O
as	O
many	O
as	O
the	O
TCD	B-DISO
.	O

Our	O
ICD	B-DISO
-	O
10	O
-	O
based	O
approach	O
proved	O
to	O
be	O
useful	O
for	O
fulfilling	O
requirements	O
for	O
SARI	O
surveillance	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
A	O
case	O
of	O
severe	O
empyema	B-DISO
with	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
caused	O
by	O
Slackia	B-SPEC
exigua	I-SPEC
requiring	O
veno	O
-	O
venous	O
extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenation	B-PROC
.	O

The	O
patient	O
was	O
treated	O
with	O
amoxicillin	B-CHED
-	O
clavulanic	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
according	O
to	O
sensitivity	O
and	O
made	O
significant	O
recovery	O
.	O

Using	O
biomass	O
for	O
cooking	O
,	O
daycare	O
attendance	O
,	O
absence	O
of	O
breastfeeding	B-PROC
,	O
and	O
co	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
infections	I-DISO
were	O
found	O
to	O
be	O
statistically	O
significant	O
risk	O
factors	O
for	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
severe	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
.	O

Retrospective	O
cohort	O
study	O
in	O
a	O
24	O
-	O
bed	B-DISO
neuroscience	O
critical	O
care	O
unit	O
(	O
NCCU	O
)	O
at	O
a	O
tertiary	O
care	O
hospital	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Determination	O
of	O
the	O
cell	B-COMP
tropism	B-PROC
of	O
serotype	O
1	O
feline	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
peritonitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
using	O
the	O
spike	O
affinity	O
histochemistry	O
in	O
paraffin	O
-	O
embedded	O
tissues	O
.	O

Survivors	O
still	O
suffered	B-DISO
as	O
a	O
result	O
of	O
their	O
traumatic	O
experiences	O
,	O
which	O
might	O
negatively	O
influence	O
their	O
performance	O
.	O

The	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
CoV	O
)	O
spread	O
first	O
in	O
southern	O
China	O
in	O
2003	O
with	O
about	O
8000	O
infected	O
cases	O
in	O
few	O
months	O
.	O

This	O
is	O
especially	O
true	O
as	O
no	O
vaccine	O
nor	O
specific	O
therapeutic	O
are	O
available	O
against	O
either	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
or	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
.	O
Therefore	O
,	O
new	O
drugs	O
need	O
to	O
be	O
identified	O
in	O
order	B-SPEC
to	O
develop	O
antiviral	B-CHED
treatments	O
limiting	O
CoV	O
replication	O
.	O

In	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
we	O
focus	O
on	O
the	O
nsp14	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
,	O
which	O
plays	O
a	O
key	O
role	O
in	O
virus	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
as	O
it	O
methylates	O
the	O
RNA	O
cap	B-DISO
structure	O
at	O
the	O
N7	O
position	O
of	O
the	O
guanine	B-CHED
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Comparisons	O
of	O
the	O
characteristics	O
of	O
chronic	O
obstructive	O
pulmonary	O
disease	O
(	O
COPD	B-DISO
)	O
and	O
asthma	B-PATH
-	O
COPD	B-DISO
overlap	B-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ACOS	O
)	O
have	O
been	O
the	O
focus	O
of	O
several	O
studies	O
since	O
the	O
diseases	O
were	O
defined	O
by	O
the	O
Global	O
Initiative	O
for	O
Asthma	B-PATH
and	O
Global	O
Initiative	O
for	O
Chronic	B-DISO
Obstructive	I-DISO
Lung	I-DISO
Disease	I-DISO
guidelines	O
.	O

The	O
occurrence	O
of	O
ACO	O
was	O
defined	O
as	O
a	O
positive	O
response	O
to	O
a	O
bronchodilator	B-CHED
(	O
an	O
increase	O
in	O
forced	B-PROC
expiratory	I-PROC
volume	I-PROC
in	O
1	O
second	O
[	O
FEV1	O
]	O
of	O
12	O
%	O
and	O
200	O
mL	O
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Molecular	O
detection	O
of	O
viral	O
agents	O
in	O
free	O
-	O
ranging	O
and	O
captive	O
neotropical	O
felids	B-SPEC
in	O
Brazil	O
.	O

Our	O
data	O
document	O
the	O
circulation	B-PROC
of	O
FHV	O
-	O
1	O
,	O
CPPV	O
-	O
1	O
,	O
and	O
FIV	B-SPEC
in	O
neotropical	O
felids	B-SPEC
in	O
Brazil	O
.	O

Moreover	O
,	O
in	O
a	O
bleomycin	B-CHED
-	O
based	O
model	O
of	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
,	O
megalin	O

The	O
median	O
injury	O
severity	O
score	O
(	O
ISS	B-DISO
)	O
was	O
13	O
(	O
interquartile	O
range	O
[	O
IQR	O
]	O
9	O
-	O
22	O
).	O

In	O
this	O
large	O
cohort	O
study	O
of	O
216	O
trauma	O
centers	O
,	O
significant	O
practice	O
variability	O
was	O
observed	O
in	O
delayed	O
fixation	O
of	O
femoral	B-ANAT
shaft	I-ANAT
fractures	O
,	O
which	O
could	O
not	O
be	O
explained	O
by	O
differences	O
in	O
patient	O
case	O
mix	O
.	O

In	O
conclusion	O
,	O
the	O
effect	O
of	O
PED	B-PRGE
on	O
individual	O
sow	O
productivity	O
differed	O
with	O
the	O
production	O
stage	O
in	O
which	O
sows	O
were	O
exposed	O
to	O
PED	O
virus	B-SPEC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Porcine	B-SPEC
Epidemic	B-DISO
Diarrhea	I-DISO
in	O
Europe	O
:	O
In	O
-	O
Detail	O
Analyses	O
of	O
Disease	O
Dynamics	O
and	O
Molecular	O
Epidemiology	O
.	O

Despite	O
all	O
efforts	O
,	O
therapy	O
remains	O
limited	O
,	O
and	O
ARDS	B-DISO
is	O
still	O
associated	O
with	O
high	O
mortality	O
and	O
morbidity	O
.	O

We	O
found	O
that	O
α	O
-	O
bis	B-FUNC
-	O
LNCs	O
(	O
30	O
,	O
50	O
,	O
and	O
100	O
mg	O
kg	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Chicken	B-SPEC
mannose	B-PROC
binding	I-PROC
lectin	I-PROC
has	O
antiviral	B-CHED
activity	O
towards	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
.	O

rcMBL	O
inhibited	O
in	O
a	O
dose	O
-	O
dependent	O
manner	O
the	O
infection	B-DISO
of	O
BHK	O
-	O
21	O
cells	B-COMP
by	O
IBV	B-SPEC
-	O
Beaudette	O
,	O
as	O
detected	O
by	O
immunofluorescence	O
staining	O
of	O
viral	O
proteins	B-CHED
and	O
qPCR	O
.	O

Furthermore	O
,	O
we	O
demonstrated	O
that	O
MBL	B-PRGE
bound	O
specifically	O
to	O
the	O
spike	B-PRGE
S1	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
of	O
IBV	B-SPEC
which	O
mediates	O
viral	O
attachment	O
.	O

This	O
subsequently	O
blocked	O
the	O
attachment	O
of	O
S1	O
to	O
IBV	B-SPEC
-	O
susceptible	O
cells	B-COMP
in	O
chicken	B-SPEC
tracheal	O
tissues	B-ANAT
as	O
shown	O
in	O
protein	O
histochemistry	O
.	O

Taken	O
together	O
,	O
rcMBL	O
exhibits	O
antiviral	B-CHED
activity	O
against	O
IBV	B-SPEC
,	O
based	O
on	O
a	O
direct	O
interaction	O
with	O
IBV	B-SPEC
virions	B-COMP
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Co	O
-	O
circulation	B-PROC
of	O
three	O
clusters	B-CHED
of	O
793	O
/	O
B	O
-	O
like	O
avian	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
bronchitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
genotypes	O
in	O
Iranian	O
chicken	O
flocks	O
.	O

Results	O
showed	O
that	O
the	O
Iranian	O
793	O
/	O
B	O
-	O
like	O
IBV	B-SPEC
isolates	O
could	O
be	O
divided	O
in	O
to	O
three	O
clusters	B-CHED
:	O
4	O
/	O
91	O
-	O
like	O
(	O
50	O
%),	O
1	O
/	O
96	O
-	O
like	O
(	O
40	O
%),	O
and	O
IB88	O
-	O
like	O
(	O
10	O
%).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
miRNA	O
-	O
200c	O
-	O
3p	O
is	O
crucial	O
in	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

Downregulation	B-PROC
of	O
ACE2	B-PRGE
is	O
always	O
associated	O
with	O
the	O
ALI	O
or	O
ARDS	B-DISO
induced	O
by	O
avian	B-SPEC
influenza	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
,	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
-	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
,	O
respiratory	B-SPEC
syncytial	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
and	O
sepsis	B-DISO
.	O

Kidney	B-ANAT
ureate	O
deposition	O
was	O
only	O
observed	O
in	O
variant	O
IBV	B-SPEC
challenge	O
group	O
.	O

Also	O
,	O
IBV	B-SPEC
co	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
increased	O
the	O
shedding	O
of	O
AIV	O
-	O
H9N2	O
in	O
experimentally	O
infected	O
birds	B-SPEC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Isolation	O
and	O
characterization	O
of	O
a	O
new	O
porcine	B-SPEC
epidemic	I-SPEC
diarrhea	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
variant	O
that	O
occurred	O
in	O
Korea	O
in	O
2014	O
.	O

Isolating	O
and	O
culturing	O
PED	O
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
)	O
allow	O
investigations	O
into	O
its	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
and	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
vaccines	O
and	O
diagnostic	O
assays	O
.	O

28	O
/	O
53	O
infants	O
had	O
B	O
.	O
pertussis	O
alone	O
and	O
25	O
viral	O
coinfection	B-DISO
:	O
10	O
human	B-SPEC
rhinovirus	I-SPEC
(	O
9	O
alone	O
and	O
1	O
in	O
coinfection	B-DISO
with	O
parainfluenza	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
),	O
3	O
human	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
,	O
2	O
respiratory	B-SPEC
syncytial	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
.	O

Infants	O
with	O
B	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
pertussis	I-SPEC
alone	O
were	O
younger	O
than	O
infants	O
with	O
coinfections	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
less	O
often	O
breastfeed	B-PROC
at	O
admission	O
.	O

Multiple	O
virus	B-SPEC
infections	B-DISO
,	O
co	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
with	O
bacteria	B-SPEC
/	O
fungus	B-SPEC
,	O
and	O
bacteremia	B-DISO
/	O
fungemia	B-DISO
were	O
observed	O
in	O
60	O
%,	O
49	O
%,	O
and	O
32	O
%	O
of	O
children	O
,	O
respectively	O
.	O

Learning	B-PROC
from	O
past	O
outbreaks	O
is	O
important	O
for	O
future	O
preparation	O
.	O

To	O
consider	O
ID	O
,	O
SGA	O
had	O
to	O
be	O
isolated	O
in	O
sterile	B-DISO
samples	O
;	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
fascitis	B-DISO
necroticans	O
in	O
skin	B-ANAT
samples	O
or	O
in	O
any	O
sample	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
the	O
diagnostic	O
of	O
Streptococcal	B-DISO
Toxic	I-DISO
Shock	I-DISO
Syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
STSS	O
).	O

The	O
SSTS	O
was	O
defined	O
as	O
hypotension	O
and	O
at	O
least	O
2	O
of	O
these	O
criteria	O
:	O
renal	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
,	O
hepatic	B-ANAT
failure	O
,	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
,	O
tissue	B-ANAT
necrosis	B-PROC
or	O
desquamative	O
erythematous	O
rash	B-DISO
.	O

Skin	B-ANAT
and	O
soft	B-DISO
tissue	I-DISO
infections	I-DISO
,	O
and	O
pleuroneumonia	O
were	O
the	O
most	O
common	O
forms	O
of	O
ID	O
.	O

These	O
recombinant	O
virus	B-SPEC
have	O
been	O
extraordinary	O
successful	O
,	O
persisting	O
in	O
the	O
continent	O
for	O
several	O
years	O
with	O
a	O
notorious	O
wide	O
geographic	O
distribution	O
.	O

Newly	O
Discovered	O
Nycteribiid	O
Bat	B-SPEC
Flies	I-SPEC
Infesting	O
Previously	O
Unknown	O
Pteropodid	O
Bats	O
in	O
Uganda	O
.	O

The	O
coding	O
-	O
complete	O
genome	O
of	O
the	O
new	O
virus	O
,	O
named	O
Kanyawara	O
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
KYAV	O
),	O
is	O
only	O
distantly	O
related	O
to	O
that	O
of	O
its	O
closest	O
known	O
relative	O
,	O
Mount	B-SPEC
Elgon	I-SPEC
bat	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
,	O
and	O
was	O
found	O
at	O
high	O
titers	O
in	O
bat	B-SPEC
flies	I-SPEC
but	O
not	O
in	O
blood	B-ANAT
or	O
on	O
mucosal	B-ANAT
surfaces	O
of	O
host	B-COMP
bats	B-SPEC
.	O

Before	O
diagnosis	O
,	O
he	O
visited	O
4	O
hospitals	O
,	O
potentially	O
resulting	O
in	O
secondary	B-DISO
transmission	I-DISO
to	O
28	O
patients	O
.	O

On	O
admission	O
to	O
the	O
National	O
Medical	O
Center	O
(	O
day	O
9	O
,	O
post	O
-	O
onset	O
of	O
clinical	O
illness	O
),	O
he	O
presented	O
with	O
drowsiness	O
,	O
hypoxia	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
multiple	O
patchy	O
infiltrations	O
on	O
the	O
chest	B-ANAT
radiograph	O
.	O

He	O
was	O
intubated	O
(	O
day	O
12	O
)	O
because	O
of	O
progressive	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
and	O
INF	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
α2a	I-PRGE
and	O
ribavirin	B-CHED
treatment	O
was	O
commenced	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Novel	O
Alphacoronaviruses	O
and	O
Paramyxoviruses	O
Cocirculate	O
with	O
Type	O
1	O
and	O
Severe	O
Acute	O
Respiratory	B-ANAT
System	I-ANAT
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)-	O
Related	O
Betacoronaviruses	O
in	O
Synanthropic	O
Bats	B-SPEC
of	O
Luxembourg	O
.	O

From	O
160	O
-	O
220days	O
of	O
age	O
,	O
gilts	O
were	O
exposed	O
daily	O
to	O
vasectomized	O
boars	B-SPEC
and	O
observed	O
for	O
behavioral	B-PROC
estrus	B-PROC
.	O

Gilts	O
fed	O
the	O
low	O
lysine	B-CHED
diet	O
had	O
lower	O
average	O
daily	O
gain	O
and	O
BW	O
(	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
),	O
but	O
not	O
fat	O
depth	O
:	O
LD	O
ratio	O
.	O

The	O
rate	O
of	O
puberty	B-PROC
attainment	O
may	O
have	O
been	O
less	O
because	O
all	O
gilts	O
contracted	O
porcine	B-SPEC
epidemic	B-DISO
diarrhea	I-DISO
(	O
PEDv	B-SPEC
)	O
just	O
as	O
boar	B-SPEC
exposure	O
was	O
to	O
begin	O
for	O
the	O
first	O
group	O
of	O
gilts	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Middle	O
East	O
Respiratory	O
Syndrome	B-DISO
Corona	B-CHED
Virus	B-SPEC
Alert	O
Verification	O
In	O
Mirpur	O
,	O
Azad	O
Kashmir	O
.	O

Arrived	O
on	O
16th	O
December	O
2012	O
,	O
mostly	O
stayed	O
at	O
daughter	O
'	O
s	O
house	O
,	O
visited	O
by	O
relatives	O
,	O
on	O
19th	O
January	O
,	O
left	O
for	O
KSA	O
accompanied	O
by	O
daughter	O
,	O
developed	O
fever	B-DISO
with	I-DISO
chills	I-DISO
and	O
body	B-ANAT
aches	B-DISO
on	O
23rd	O
January	O
.	O

Daughter	O
developed	O
mild	O
respiratory	B-DISO
symptoms	I-DISO
,	O
confirmed	O
as	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
on	O
16th	O
Feb	O
and	O
recovered	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
remains	O
a	O
severe	O
disease	O
associated	O
with	O
an	O
~	O
40	O
%	O
mortality	O
rate	O
and	O
as	O
many	O
as	O
200	O
,	O
000	O
new	O
cases	O
annually	O
.	O

The	O
miRNA	O
expression	B-PROC
profile	O
of	O
the	O
GSE57223	O
dataset	O
was	O
downloaded	O
from	O
the	O
Gene	B-PROC
Expression	I-PROC
Omnibus	O
database	O
.	O

Following	O
data	O
normalization	O
,	O
differentially	O
expressed	B-PROC
miRNAs	O
were	O
identified	O
using	O
the	O
t	O
‑	O
test	O
method	O
.	O

The	O
four	O
downregulated	O
rno	O
‑	O
let	O
‑	O
7	O
miRNAs	O
may	O
be	O
involved	O
in	O
the	O
inflammatory	O
process	O
in	O
the	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
and	O
progression	O
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
,	O
via	O
the	O
synergistic	O
regulation	B-PROC
of	O
their	O
target	O
genes	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
IL	O
‑	O
6	O
.	O

We	O
found	O
that	O
7	O
%	O
of	O
samples	O
were	O
seropositive	O
for	O
canine	B-SPEC
distemper	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
CDV	B-CHED
),	O
10	O
%	O
for	O
canine	O
parvovirus	B-DISO
type	O
2	O
,	O
2	O
%	O
for	O
canine	B-SPEC
adenovirus	I-SPEC
type	O
1	O
,	O
6	O
%	O
for	O
canine	B-SPEC
adenovirus	I-SPEC
type	O
2	O
,	O
and	O
7	O
%	O
for	O
canine	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
.	O

Because	O
raccoons	B-SPEC
belong	O
to	O
the	O
suborder	B-SPEC
Caniformia	I-SPEC
,	O
similar	O
to	O
dogs	B-SPEC
(	O
Canis	B-SPEC
lupus	I-SPEC
familiaris	I-SPEC
),	O
our	O
results	O
suggest	O
that	O
they	O
can	O
act	O
as	O
reservoirs	O
for	O
some	O
of	O
these	O
important	O
canine	O
viruses	B-SPEC
and	O
might	O
be	O
involved	O
in	O
viral	B-PROC
transmission	I-PROC
.	O

The	O
objective	O
was	O
to	O
assess	O
the	O
impact	O
of	O
the	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
(	O
MERS	O
)	O
outbreak	O
on	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
emergency	B-DISO
resources	O
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
MERS	O
outbreak	O
appears	O
to	O
have	O
had	O
a	O
significant	O
effects	O
on	O
ED	O
use	O
by	O
febrile	B-PROC
patients	O
.	O

The	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
asthma	B-PATH
requires	O
these	O
symptoms	O
and	O
demonstration	O
of	O
reversible	O
airway	B-DISO
obstruction	I-DISO
using	O
spirometry	O
.	O

Using	O
in	O
vitro	O
pull	O
-	O
down	O
experiments	O
and	O
density	O
glycerol	B-CHED
gradients	O
,	O
we	O
found	O
that	O
at	O
least	O
3	O
regions	O
distributed	O
over	O
its	O
entire	O
length	O
mediate	O
the	O
self	O
-	O
interaction	O
of	O
mouse	B-DISO
hepatitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
MHV	B-SPEC
)	O
and	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
N	O
protein	B-CHED
.	O

However	O
,	O
a	O
month	O
later	O
,	O
she	O
returned	O
to	O
the	O
ER	O
,	O
complaining	O
of	O
nausea	B-DISO
,	O
vomiting	B-DISO
,	O
diarrhea	B-DISO
,	O
dizziness	B-DISO
,	O
chills	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
shortness	B-DISO
of	I-DISO
breath	I-DISO
over	O
the	O
past	O
two	O
days	O
.	O

Expert	O
commentary	O
:	O
Use	O
of	O
this	O
platform	O
can	O
substantially	O
accelerate	O
process	O
development	B-PROC
and	O
facilitate	O
licensure	O
because	O
of	O
the	O
substantial	O
existing	O
data	O
set	O
available	O
for	O
the	O
cell	B-COMP
matrix	I-COMP
.	O

However	O
,	O
little	O
research	O
has	O
been	O
conducted	O
on	O
bat	B-ENZY
coronaviruses	O
in	O
South	O
Korea	O
.	O

In	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
bat	B-ENZY
samples	O
(	O
332	O
oral	B-ANAT
swabs	O
,	O
245	O
fecal	B-ANAT
samples	O
,	O
38	O
urine	B-ANAT
samples	O
,	O
and	O
57	O
bat	B-ENZY
carcasses	O
)	O
were	O
collected	O
at	O
33	O
natural	O
bat	B-ENZY
habitat	O
sites	O
in	O
South	O
Korea	O
.	O

Four	O
nucleotide	B-CHED
sequences	O
displayed	O
the	O
highest	O
identity	O
(	O
94	O
.	O
1	O
-	O
95	O
.	O
1	O
%)	O
with	O
Bat	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
HKU5	I-PRGE
from	O
Hong	O
Kong	O
.	O

Studies	O
on	O
the	O
modes	O
of	O
transmission	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
are	O
limited	O
though	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
outbreak	O
studies	O
have	O
revealed	O
the	O
possible	O
airborne	O
route	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Diagnostic	O
delays	O
in	O
537	O
symptomatic	O
cases	O
of	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
infection	I-DISO
in	O
Saudi	O
Arabia	O
.	O

The	O
median	O
time	O
interval	O
between	O
symptom	B-DISO
onset	O
and	O
confirmation	O
of	O
the	O
MERS	O
diagnosis	O
was	O
4	O
days	O
(	O
interquartile	O
range	O
2	O
-	O
7	O
days	O
),	O
ranging	O
from	O
0	O
to	O
36	O
days	O
.	O

According	O
to	O
the	O
negative	O
binomial	O
model	O
,	O
the	O
unadjusted	O
rate	O
ratio	O
(	O
RR	O
)	O
of	O
delays	O
in	O
the	O
diagnosis	O
was	O
significantly	O
higher	O
in	O
older	O
patients	O
(>	O
65	O
years	O
)	O
(	O
RR	O
1	O
.	O
42	O
),	O
non	O
-	O
healthcare	O
workers	O
(	O
RR	O
1	O
.	O
74	O
),	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
illness	O
(	O
RR	O
1	O
.	O
22	O
),	O
those	O
with	O
an	O
unknown	O
source	O
of	O
infection	B-DISO
(	O
RR	O
1	O
.	O
84	O
),	O
and	O
those	O
who	O
had	O
been	O
in	O
close	O
contact	O
with	O
camels	B-SPEC
(	O
RR	O
1	O
.	O
74	O
).	O

The	O
time	O
interval	O
from	O
symptom	B-DISO
onset	O
to	O
diagnosis	O
was	O
greater	O
in	O
older	O
patients	O
,	O
non	O
-	O
healthcare	O
workers	O
,	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
illness	O
,	O
patients	O
with	O
an	O
unknown	O
source	O
of	O
infection	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
patients	O
who	O
had	O
been	O
in	O
close	O
contact	O
with	O
camels	B-SPEC
.	O

The	O
findings	O
warrant	O
educational	O
interventions	O
to	O
raise	O
general	O
public	O
awareness	O
of	O
the	O
importance	O
of	O
early	O
symptom	B-DISO
notification	O
.	O

Moreover	O
,	O
mRNA	B-CHED
levels	O
of	O
inflammatory	O
cytokines	O
(	O
TNF	O
-	O
α	O
,	O
IL	O
-	O
1β	O
,	O
and	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
6	I-FUNC
)	O
significantly	O
increased	O
with	O
ADE	B-CHED
of	O
FIPV	O
79	O
-	O
1146	O
infection	B-DISO
in	O
primary	O
feline	B-SPEC
monocytes	B-ANAT
,	O
but	O
FECV	B-SPEC
79	O
-	O
1683	O
did	O
not	O
demonstrate	O
an	O
increase	O
in	O
these	O
levels	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Awareness	O
among	O
a	O
Saudi	O
Arabian	O
university	O
community	O
of	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
following	O
an	O
outbreak	O
.	O

Moreover	O
,	O
an	O
in	O
vitro	O
analysis	O
demonstrated	O
that	O
interleukin	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
13	I-PRGE
and	O
-	O
31	O
and	O
hemozoin	O
induced	O
pneumocytic	O
cell	B-DISO
injury	I-DISO
and	O
apoptosis	B-PATH
,	O
as	O
assessed	O
by	O
EB	O
/	O
AO	O
staining	O
,	O
electron	O
microscopy	O
and	O
the	O
up	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
regulation	I-PROC
of	O
CARD	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
9	I-PRGE
mRNA	I-PRGE
(	O
caspase	B-PRGE
recruitment	B-DISO
domain	O
-	O
9	O
messenger	O
-	O
ribonucleic	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
).	O

The	O
dysregulation	O
of	O
EPCR	O
and	O
TM	O
in	O
the	O
lung	B-ANAT
,	O
especially	O
in	O
those	O
with	O
increased	O
levels	O
of	O
hemozoin	O
,	O
may	O
play	O
an	O
important	O
role	O
in	O
the	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
of	O
malaria	B-PATH
-	O
associated	O
ARDS	B-DISO
through	O
an	O
apoptotic	O
pathway	B-PROC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
This	O
is	O
a	O
case	O
of	O
a	O
19	O
-	O
year	O
-	O
old	O
male	O
who	O
presented	O
to	O
the	O
medical	O
tent	O
at	O
an	O
outdoor	O
electronic	O
dance	O
music	O
festival	O
(	O
EDMF	O
)	O
due	O
to	O
an	O
altered	O
mental	O
state	O
in	O
the	O
setting	O
of	O
acute	O
3	O
,	O
4	O
-	O
methylenedioxymethamphetamine	O
(	O
MDMA	B-CHED
)	O
intoxication	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenation	B-PROC
(	O
ECMO	O
)	O
is	O
being	O
used	O
more	O
often	O
as	O
a	O
bridge	O
to	O
transplantation	O
(	O
BTT	O
)	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
acutely	O
decompensated	O
end	O
-	O
stage	O
lung	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
in	O
Korea	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
An	O
analysis	O
of	O
cardiac	O
injury	O
markers	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
OSA	B-DISO
who	O
sustain	O
an	O
episode	O
of	O
acute	B-DISO
coronary	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ACS	B-DISO
)	O
may	O
contribute	O
to	O
a	O
better	O
understanding	O
of	O
the	O
interactions	O
and	O
impact	O
of	O
OSA	B-DISO
in	O
subjects	O
with	O
ACS	B-DISO
.	O

We	O
compared	O
peak	O
cardiac	B-PRGE
troponin	I-PRGE
I	I-PRGE
(	O
cTnI	B-PRGE
)	O
levels	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
OSA	B-DISO
and	O
patients	O
without	O
OSA	B-DISO
who	O
were	O
admitted	O
for	O
ACS	B-FUNC
.	O

The	O
multivariable	O
linear	O
regression	O
analysis	O
of	O
the	O
relationship	O
between	O
peak	O
cTnI	O
value	O
and	O
patient	O
group	O
,	O
age	O
,	O
sex	O
,	O
and	O
type	O
of	O
ACS	O
showed	O
that	O
the	O
presence	O
or	O
absence	O
of	O
OSA	B-DISO
significantly	O
contributed	O
to	O
the	O
peak	O
cTnI	B-PRGE
level	O
,	O
which	O
was	O
54	O
%	O
lower	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
OSA	B-DISO
than	O
in	O
those	O
without	O
OSA	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
multivariable	O
linear	O
regression	O
analysis	O
of	O
the	O
relationship	O
between	O
peak	O
cTnI	O
value	O
and	O
patient	O
group	O
,	O
age	O
,	O
sex	O
,	O
and	O
type	O
of	O
ACS	B-FUNC
showed	O
that	O
the	O
presence	O
or	O
absence	O
of	O
OSA	B-DISO
significantly	O
contributed	O
to	O
the	O
peak	O
cTnI	B-PRGE
level	O
,	O
which	O
was	O
54	O
%	O
lower	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
OSA	B-DISO
than	O
in	O
those	O
without	O
OSA	B-DISO
.	O

We	O
demonstrated	O
that	O
binding	B-FUNC
of	O
nsp4	B-PRGE
with	O
nsp3	B-PRGE
is	O
essential	O
for	O
membrane	B-COMP
rearrangement	B-PROC
and	O
identified	O
amino	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
residues	O
in	O
nsp4	B-PRGE
responsible	O
for	O
the	O
interaction	O
with	O
nsp3	B-PRGE
.	O

Finally	O
,	O
we	O
showed	O
that	O
loss	O
of	O
the	O
nsp3	B-PRGE
-	O
nsp4	B-PRGE
interaction	O
eliminated	O
viral	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
by	O
using	O
an	O
infectious	B-DISO
cDNA	O
clone	O
and	O
replicon	O
system	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
.	O
These	O
findings	O
provide	O
clues	O
to	O
the	O
mechanism	O
of	O
the	O
replication	O
/	O
transcription	O
complex	O
assembly	O
of	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
and	O
could	O
reveal	O
an	O
antiviral	B-CHED
target	O
for	O
the	O
treatment	O
of	O
betacoronavirus	B-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
spike	O
(	O
S	O
)	O
protein	B-CHED
,	O
as	O
the	O
major	O
immunity	B-PROC
-	O
eliciting	O
antigen	B-CHED
,	O
has	O
previously	O
been	O
used	O
for	O
serological	O
testing	O
and	O
has	O
been	O
found	O
to	O
correlate	O
significantly	O
with	O
the	O
results	O
of	O
the	O
serum	B-COMP
neutralization	O
(	O
SN	O
)	O
test	O
.	O

Previous	O
work	O
revealed	O
that	O
glycosylation	B-PROC
of	O
mouse	B-SPEC
DPP4	B-PRGE
plays	O
a	O
role	O
in	O
blocking	B-DISO
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

Here	O
,	O
we	O
tested	O
whether	O
glycosylation	B-PROC
also	O
acts	O
as	O
a	O
determinant	O
of	O
permissivity	O
for	O
ferret	B-SPEC
,	O
hamster	B-SPEC
,	O
and	O
guinea	B-PRGE
pig	I-PRGE
DPP4	I-PRGE
.	O

We	O
evaluated	O
four	O
patients	O
with	O
laboratory	O
-	O
confirmed	O
MERS	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
CoV	O
)	O
infections	B-DISO
who	O
showed	O
neurological	O
complications	O
during	O
MERS	O
treatment	O
.	O

Ten	O
multidisciplinary	O
PICUs	B-SPEC
in	O
Asia	O
.	O

Besides	O
the	O
biological	O
interest	O
behind	O
the	O
SARS	B-PRGE
coronavirus	B-SPEC
non	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
structural	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
1	I-PRGE
(	O
nsp1	B-PRGE
,	O
117	O
amino	B-CHED
acids	I-CHED
),	O
this	O
study	O
model	O
has	O
two	O
structural	O
features	O
that	O
motivated	O
its	O
use	O
in	O
this	O
work	O
:	O
1	O
-	O
its	O
recombinant	O
production	O
is	O
dependent	O
on	O
the	O
temperature	O
,	O
with	O
greater	O
solubility	O
when	O
expressed	B-PROC
at	O
low	O
temperatures	O
.	O

We	O
identified	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
regular	O
secondary	O
structure	O
after	O
the	O
fourth	O
native	O
β	O
-	O
strand	O
is	O
present	O
(	O
89	O
amino	B-CHED
acids	I-CHED
),	O
in	O
parallel	O
to	O
the	O
collapse	B-DISO
to	O
a	O
non	O
-	O
native	O
3D	O
structure	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Comprehensive	O
,	O
technology	O
-	O
based	O
,	O
team	O
approach	O
for	O
a	O
patient	O
with	O
locked	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
in	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
:	O
A	O
case	O
report	O
of	O
improved	O
function	O
&	O
quality	O
of	O
life	O
.	O

Patients	O
with	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
induced	O
by	O
severe	O
acute	B-DISO
pancreatitis	I-DISO
(	O
SAP	O
)	O
were	O
randomly	O
divided	O
into	O
three	O
groups	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
treatment	O
:	O
conventional	O
therapy	O
alone	O
(	O
group	O
A	O
),	O
electroacupuncture	O
of	O
nonacupoints	O
with	O
conventional	O
therapy	O
(	O
group	B-DISO
B	I-DISO
),	O
and	O
electroacupuncture	O
at	O
the	O
Lieque	O
(	O
LU7	B-ANAT
),	O
Chize	O
(	O
LU5	B-ANAT
),	O
and	O
Zusanli	O
(	O
ST36	B-ANAT
)	O
points	O
(	O
group	O
C	O
)	O
once	O
a	O
day	O
for	O
5	O
days	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
A	O
Comprehensive	O
Review	O
of	O
Common	O
Bacterial	O
,	O
Parasitic	O
and	O
Viral	O
Zoonoses	B-DISO
at	O
the	O
Human	B-SPEC
-	O
Animal	B-SPEC
Interface	O
in	O
Egypt	O
.	O

Some	O
zoonotic	O
agents	O
are	O
""""	O
exotic	O
""""	O
for	O
Egypt	O
(	O
e	O
.	O
g	O
.,	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
and	O
Crimean	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
Congo	I-SPEC
hemorrhagic	I-SPEC
fever	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
),	O
others	O
are	O
endemic	O
(	O
e	O
.	O
g	O
.,	O
Brucellosis	B-DISO
,	O
Schistosomiasis	B-DISO
and	O
Avian	B-DISO
influenza	I-DISO
).	O

We	O
further	O
characterized	O
the	O
complete	O
spike	O
(	O
S	O
)	O
glycoprotein	B-CHED
genes	O
from	O
the	O
positive	O
samples	O
and	O
found	O
21	O
different	O
S	O
genes	O
with	O
amino	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
mutations	O
.	O

The	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
isolates	O
here	O
presented	O
most	O
of	O
the	O
genotypes	O
which	O
were	O
found	O
previously	O
in	O
field	O
isolates	O
in	O
East	O
and	O
South	O
-	O
East	O
Asia	O
,	O
North	O
America	O
,	O
and	O
Europe	O
.	O

This	O
work	O
highlighted	O
the	O
complexity	O
of	O
the	O
epidemiology	O
of	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
and	O
emphasized	O
the	O
need	O
for	O
reassessing	O
the	O
efficacy	O
of	O
classic	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
vaccines	O
against	O
emerging	O
variant	O
strains	O
and	O
developing	O
new	O
vaccines	O
to	O
facilitate	O
the	O
prevention	O
and	O
control	O
of	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
in	O
fields	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenation	B-PROC
(	O
ECMO	O
)	O
has	O
been	O
reported	O
to	O
improve	O
outcomes	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
refractory	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
.	O

We	O
share	O
our	O
successful	O
experience	O
of	O
ECMO	O
treatment	O
in	O
the	O
casualties	O
of	O
the	O
Formosa	B-SPEC
Water	B-CHED
Park	B-DISO
Dust	O
Explosion	O
Disaster	O
.	O

ECMO	O
may	O
be	O
a	O
lifesaving	O
modality	O
for	O
burn	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
who	O
are	O
nonresponsive	O
to	O
maximal	O
medical	O
management	O
,	O
especially	O
for	O
young	O
patients	O
with	O
early	O
ECMO	O
intervention	O
.	O

Animal	B-SPEC
inoculation	O
studies	O
revealed	O
that	O
the	O
virulence	B-PROC
of	O
both	O
S	O
DEL2	O
/	O
ORF3	B-PRGE
and	O
S	O
DEL5	O
/	O
ORF3	O
viruses	B-SPEC
with	O
a	O
large	O
46	O
-	O
nt	O
deletion	O
in	O
the	O
intergenic	O
portion	O
of	O
S	O
and	O
ORF3	O
was	O
remarkably	O
diminished	O
,	O
indicating	O
viral	O
attenuation	O
in	O
the	O
natural	O
host	O
.	O

The	O
sequence	O
analysis	O
revealed	O
that	O
the	O
S	O
genes	O
of	O
Vietnamese	O
PEDVs	O
were	O
heterogeneous	O
and	O
classified	O
into	O
four	O
genotypes	O
,	O
namely	O
North	O
America	O
and	O
Asian	O
non	O
-	O
S	O
INDEL	B-PROC
,	O
Asian	O
non	O
-	O
S	O
INDEL	B-PROC
,	O
new	O
S	O
INDEL	B-PROC
and	O
classical	O
S	O
INDEL	B-PROC
.	O

The	O
study	O
revealed	O
that	O
7b	O
is	O
N	O
-	O
terminally	O
processed	O
by	O
a	O
cellular	B-COMP
signalase	O
.	O

This	O
study	O
is	O
based	O
on	O
a	O
retrospective	O
analysis	O
of	O
the	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
outbreak	O
in	O
the	O
Kingdom	B-SPEC
of	O
Saudi	O
Arabia	O
between	O
June	O
2012	O
and	O
July	O
2015	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
IBV	B-SPEC
)	O
causes	O
respiratory	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
leading	O
to	O
loss	O
of	O
egg	B-ANAT
and	O
meat	O
production	O
in	O
chickens	B-SPEC
.	O

Further	O
,	O
IBV	B-SPEC
productive	O
infection	B-DISO
in	O
macrophages	B-ANAT
was	O
confirmed	O
by	O
demonstrating	O
corona	B-CHED
viral	B-COMP
particles	I-COMP
in	O
macrophages	B-ANAT
and	O
IBV	B-SPEC
ribonucleic	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
(	O
RNA	O
)	O
in	O
culture	O
supernatants	O
.	O

Insights	O
for	O
Managing	O
Medical	O
Complexity	O
after	O
Critical	B-DISO
Illness	I-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Sensitivity	O
and	O
specificity	O
of	O
a	O
real	O
-	O
time	O
reverse	B-ENZY
transcriptase	I-ENZY
polymerase	O
chain	O
reaction	O
detecting	O
feline	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
mutations	O
in	O
effusion	B-DISO
and	O
serum	B-COMP
/	O
plasma	B-ANAT
of	O
cats	B-SPEC
to	O
diagnose	O
feline	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
peritonitis	I-DISO
.	O

It	O
was	O
hypothesized	O
that	O
this	O
test	O
would	O
correctly	O
discriminate	O
feline	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
peritonitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
FIPV	O
)	O
and	O
feline	B-SPEC
enteric	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
(	O
FECV	B-SPEC
).	O

Twenty	O
-	O
five	O
control	O
cats	B-SPEC
were	O
definitively	O
diagnosed	O
with	O
a	O
disease	O
other	O
than	O
FIP	B-DISO
.	O

No	O
serum	B-COMP
/	O
plasma	B-ANAT
samples	O
were	O
positive	O
for	O
FIPV	O
.	O

Although	O
specificity	O
of	O
the	O
test	O
in	O
effusions	B-DISO
was	O
high	O
,	O
one	O
false	O
positive	O
result	O
occurred	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Comparative	O
Genomic	O
Analysis	O
MERS	O
CoV	O
Isolated	O
from	O
Humans	B-SPEC
and	O
Camels	B-SPEC
with	O
Special	O
Reference	O
to	O
Virus	O
Encoded	O
Helicase	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Middle	O
East	O
Respiratory	O
Syndrome	B-DISO
Coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
CoV	O
)	O
is	O
a	O
new	O
emerging	O
viral	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
characterized	O
by	O
high	O
fatality	O
rate	O
.	O

MERS	O
CoV	O
genome	O
shaping	O
seems	O
to	O
be	O
under	O
compositional	O
and	O
mutational	O
bias	B-SPEC
,	O
as	O
revealed	O
by	O
preference	O
of	O
A	O
/	O
T	O
over	O
G	O
/	O
C	O
nucleotides	B-CHED
,	O
preferred	O
codons	O
,	O
nucleotides	B-CHED
at	O
the	O
third	O
position	O
of	O
codons	O
(	O
NT3s	O
),	O
relative	O
synonymous	O
codon	O
usage	O
,	O
hydropathicity	O
(	O
Gravy	O
),	O
and	O
aromaticity	O
(	O
Aromo	O
)	O
indices	O
.	O

Additionally	O
,	O
virtual	O
screening	O
and	O
binding	B-FUNC
experiments	O
were	O
able	O
to	O
identify	O
three	O
new	O
virus	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
encoded	I-PRGE
helicase	I-PRGE
binding	B-FUNC
compounds	O
.	O

These	O
compounds	O
can	O
be	O
used	O
for	O
further	O
optimization	O
of	O
inhibitors	B-CHED
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Evolution	B-PROC
and	O
Emergence	O
of	O
Pathogenic	O
Viruses	B-SPEC
:	O
Past	O
,	O
Present	O
,	O
and	O
Future	O
.	O

The	O
intricate	O
""""	O
host	B-COMP
-	O
pathogen	O
-	O
environment	O
""""	O
relationship	O
remains	O
the	O
key	O
to	O
understanding	O
the	O
emergence	O
/	O
re	O
-	O
emergence	O
of	O
pathogenic	O
viruses	B-SPEC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Airway	B-ANAT
and	O
parenchyma	B-ANAT
immune	O
cells	B-COMP
in	O
influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
(	O
H1N1	O
)	O
pdm09	O
viral	O
and	O
non	O
-	O
viral	O
diffuse	B-DISO
alveolar	B-ANAT
damage	I-DISO
.	O

Retrospective	O
analysis	O
of	O
all	O
microbiologically	O
documented	O
bloodstream	B-PROC
infections	B-DISO
caused	O
by	O
VGS	O
during	O
the	O
9	O
-	O
year	O
time	O
period	O
(	O
from	O
January	O
2006	O
until	O
December	O
2014	O
)	O
was	O
carried	O
out	O
.	O

88	O
.	O
2	O
%	O
(	O
45	O
/	O
51	O
)	O
of	O
patients	O
were	O
on	O
recommended	O
ciprofloxacin	B-CHED
prophylaxis	O
.	O

Twenty	O
-	O
four	O
(	O
47	O
.	O
0	O
%)	O
patients	O
presented	O
with	O
bilateral	O
lung	B-ANAT
infiltrated	B-DISO
upon	O
chest	B-ANAT
imaging	O
,	O
and	O
two	O
(	O
4	O
.	O
0	O
%)	O
patients	O
had	O
unilateral	O
lung	B-ANAT
infiltrates	B-DISO
.	O

Three	O
patients	O
(	O
5	O
.	O
9	O
%)	O
died	B-PROC
due	O
to	O
VGS	O
BSI	B-CHED
until	O
day	O
28	O
of	O
observation	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
TMPRSS2	O
:	O
A	O
potential	O
target	O
for	O
treatment	O
of	O
influenza	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
and	O
coronavirus	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
causes	O
a	O
highly	O
lethal	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
.	O

We	O
obtained	O
peripheral	B-ANAT
blood	I-ANAT
mononuclear	I-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
and	O
/	O
or	O
sera	B-COMP
from	O
21	O
MERS	O
survivors	O
.	O

Using	O
Gene	O
Ontology	O
(	O
GO	O
)	O
enrichment	O
prediction	O
,	O
the	O
DE	O
miRNAs	O
were	O
shown	O
to	O
be	O
mostly	O
associated	O
with	O
metabolic	B-PROC
processes	I-PROC
,	O
catalytic	O
activities	O
,	O
gene	O
expression	O
,	O
binding	B-FUNC
activities	O
and	O
immune	B-PROC
responses	I-PROC
.	O

This	O
is	O
the	O
first	O
demonstration	O
that	O
infection	B-DISO
with	O
different	O
virulent	O
IBVs	O
elicits	O
different	O
expression	B-PROC
of	O
miRNAs	O
in	O
chicken	B-SPEC
kidneys	B-ANAT
;	O
this	O
expression	B-PROC
also	O
seems	O
to	O
be	O
associated	O
with	O
the	O
virulence	B-PROC
of	O
IBV	B-SPEC
.	O

These	O
results	O
are	O
significant	O
for	O
the	O
study	O
of	O
immune	B-PROC
responses	I-PROC
to	O
infection	B-DISO
with	O
different	O
virulent	O
IBVs	O
mediated	O
by	O
miRNAs	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
the	O
interaction	O
between	O
the	O
chicken	B-SPEC
host	B-COMP
and	O
IBV	B-SPEC
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
Thoracoscopic	O
approach	O
to	O
esophagectomy	O
significantly	O
reduced	O
PPC	O
frequency	O
with	O
minimal	O
additional	O
effect	O
from	O
laparoscopic	O
gastric	B-ANAT
mobilization	O
.	O

Three	O
hundred	O
and	O
twenty	O
-	O
four	O
samples	O
which	O
were	O
found	O
to	O
be	O
negative	O
for	O
influenza	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
after	O
screening	O
with	O
real	O
-	O
time	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
and	O
cell	B-COMP
-	O
based	O
culture	O
techniques	O
demonstrated	O
the	O
potential	O
for	O
viral	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
with	O
evident	O
cytopathic	B-DISO
effect	I-DISO
(	O
CPE	O
)	O
in	O
several	O
cell	O
lines	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Comparison	O
of	O
mono	B-DISO
-	O
and	O
co	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
by	O
swine	B-DISO
influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
viruses	B-SPEC
and	O
porcine	B-SPEC
respiratory	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
in	O
porcine	B-SPEC
precision	O
-	O
cut	O
lung	B-ANAT
slices	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Coronaviruses	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
viruses	B-SPEC
are	O
widely	O
spread	O
in	O
pig	B-SPEC
fattening	O
and	O
can	O
cause	O
high	O
economical	O
loss	O
.	O

Again	O
lower	O
titers	O
in	O
co	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
groups	O
indicated	O
an	O
interference	O
of	O
the	O
two	O
RNA	O
viruses	B-SPEC
.	O

This	O
is	O
in	O
accordance	O
with	O
in	O
vivo	O
experiments	O
,	O
revealing	O
cell	B-COMP
innate	O
immune	O
answers	O
to	O
both	O
PRCoV	O
and	O
SIV	B-DISO
that	O
are	O
able	O
to	O
restrict	O
the	O
virulence	B-PROC
and	O
pathogenicity	O
of	O
the	O
viruses	B-SPEC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
The	O
cholesterol	B-PROC
transport	B-PROC
inhibitor	B-CHED
U18666A	O
inhibits	O
type	O
I	O
feline	B-SPEC
coronavirus	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
.	O

HDACi	B-CHED
has	O
been	O
reported	O
to	O
revert	O
U18666A	O
-	O
induced	O
dysfunction	O
of	O
Niemann	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
Pick	I-PRGE
C1	I-PRGE
(	O
NPC1	B-DISO
).	O

U18666A	O
or	O
other	O
cholesterol	B-PROC
transport	B-PROC
inhibitor	B-CHED
may	O
be	O
considered	O
as	O
the	O
antiviral	B-CHED
drug	I-CHED
for	O
the	O
treatment	O
of	O
cats	B-SPEC
with	O
FIP	B-DISO
.	O

Currently	O
,	O
the	O
recovery	O
goal	O
in	O
sow	O
units	O
infected	O
with	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
is	O
to	O
become	O
fully	O
naive	O
again	O
or	O
use	O
natural	O
virus	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
to	O
develop	O
immune	O
gilts	O
through	O
a	O
feedback	O
program	O
before	O
introduction	O
into	O
the	O
sow	O
herd	O
.	O

The	O
results	O
illustrate	O
that	O
intramuscular	O
vaccination	O
increased	O
neutralizing	O
antibody	O
titers	O
,	O
and	O
anti	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
PEDV	I-PRGE
IgA	I-PRGE
and	O
IgG	B-PRGE
in	O
milk	O
and	O
colostrum	B-ANAT
of	O
sows	O
that	O
were	O
previously	O
infected	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Periurban	O
outbreaks	O
of	O
bovine	B-SPEC
calf	B-ANAT
scours	O
in	O
Northern	O
India	O
caused	O
by	O
Cryptosporidium	B-SPEC
in	O
association	O
with	O
other	O
enteropathogens	O
.	O

The	O
detection	O
rate	O
of	O
the	O
other	O
enteropathogens	O
associated	O
with	O
C	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
parvum	I-SPEC
was	O
45	O
·	O
71	O
%	O
for	O
C	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
perfringens	I-SPEC
followed	O
by	O
Salmonella	B-DISO
spp	B-ENZY
(	O
40	O
·	O
0	O
%),	O
rotavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
36	O
·	O
0	O
%),	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
16	O
·	O
0	O
%),	O
E	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
coli	I-SPEC
(	O
12	O
·	O
0	O
%)	O
and	O
Eimeria	B-SPEC
spp	B-ENZY
(	O
4	O
·	O
0	O
%)	O
The	O
sensitivity	O
for	O
detection	O
of	O
C	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
parvum	I-SPEC
by	O
ELISA	O
and	O
mZN	O
staining	O
in	O
comparison	O
to	O
PCR	O
was	O
97	O
·	O
14	O
%	O
and	O
72	O
·	O
72	O
%,	O
respectively	O
.	O

The	O
results	O
of	O
the	O
Real	O
-	O
time	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
showed	O
that	O
52	O
.	O
16	O
%	O
of	O
flocks	O
were	O
IBV	B-SPEC
positive	O
.	O

Proper	O
control	O
strategies	O
are	O
essential	O
to	O
overcoming	O
the	O
high	O
frequency	O
of	O
occurrence	O
of	O
IS	O
-	O
1494	O
-	O
like	O
IBV	B-SPEC
.	O

Further	O
studies	O
are	O
needed	O
and	O
should	O
include	O
the	O
isolation	O
and	O
full	O
-	O
length	O
molecular	O
characterization	O
of	O
IBV	B-SPEC
in	O
Iran	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Persistent	O
Transmissible	O
Gastroenteritis	B-DISO
Virus	B-DISO
Infection	I-DISO
Enhances	O
Enterotoxigenic	O
Escherichia	B-SPEC
coli	I-SPEC
K88	O
Adhesion	B-DISO
by	O
Promoting	O
Epithelial	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
Mesenchymal	I-PROC
Transition	I-PROC
in	O
Intestinal	B-ANAT
Epithelial	B-ANAT
Cells	I-ANAT
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Transmissible	O
gastroenteritis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
)	O
is	O
a	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
characterized	O
by	O
diarrhea	B-DISO
and	O
high	O
morbidity	O
rates	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
mortality	O
rate	O
is	O
100	O
%	O
in	O
piglets	O
less	O
than	O
2	O
weeks	O
old	O
.	O

Pigs	B-SPEC
infected	O
with	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
often	O
suffer	B-DISO
secondary	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
by	O
other	O
pathogens	O
,	O
which	O
aggravates	O
the	O
severity	O
of	O
diarrhea	B-DISO
,	O
but	O
the	O
mechanisms	O
remain	O
unknown	O
.	O

A	O
computer	O
tomography	O
-(	O
CT	O
)-	O
scan	O
presented	O
bilateral	O
interstitial	B-ANAT
and	O
alveolar	B-ANAT
infiltrations	O
.	O

One	O
should	O
consider	O
APT	O
when	O
signs	O
of	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
occur	O
during	O
brief	O
periods	B-PROC
of	O
amiodarone	B-CHED
therapy	O
especially	O
after	O
thoracic	B-DISO
surgery	O
.	O

Spread	O
of	O
the	O
infection	B-DISO
occurred	O
worldwide	O
;	O
however	O
,	O
most	O
cases	O
of	O
mortality	O
have	O
occurred	O
in	O
the	O
Middle	O
East	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Benign	O
Acute	O
Childhood	O
Myositis	B-DISO
During	O
Influenza	B-DISO
B	O
Outbreak	O
.	O

Laboratory	O
results	O
show	O
increased	O
serum	B-PRGE
creatinine	B-CHED
kinase	I-PRGE
and	O
AST	B-PRGE
.	O

Little	O
is	O
known	O
about	O
the	O
course	O
of	O
this	O
infection	B-DISO
in	O
pregnancy	O
.	O

The	O
patient	O
'	O
s	O
respiratory	O
status	O
continued	O
to	O
decline	O
postpartum	O
,	O
and	O
she	O
ultimately	O
required	O
extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenation	B-PROC
.	O

Tissues	B-ANAT
were	O
infected	O
with	O
RV	O
-	O
A55	O
,	O
RV	O
-	O
A49	O
,	O
RV	O
-	O
B48	O
,	O
RV	O
-	O
C8	O
,	O
and	O
RV	O
-	O
C15	O
;	O
respiratory	O
EV	O
-	O
D68	O
;	O
influenza	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
H3N2	B-CHED
;	O
RSV	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
B	I-PRGE
;	O
and	O
human	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
(	O
HCoV	O
)-	O
OC43	O
.	O

H3N2	B-CHED
was	O
also	O
detected	O
in	O
rare	O
goblet	O
and	O
basal	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
.	O

All	O
viruses	B-SPEC
,	O
except	O
RV	O
-	O
B48	O
and	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
OC43	I-SPEC
,	O
altered	O
cilia	B-COMP
beating	O
and	O
mucociliary	O
clearance	O
.	O

Our	O
results	O
highlight	O
the	O
differential	O
in	O
vitro	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
of	O
respiratory	O
viruses	B-SPEC
during	O
the	O
acute	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
phase	O
and	O
their	O
ability	O
to	O
persist	O
under	O
immune	B-DISO
tolerance	I-DISO
.	O

A	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
strain	O
was	O
isolated	O
from	O
the	O
intestinal	B-ANAT
tract	I-ANAT
of	O
diarrheic	O
piglets	O
from	O
a	O
pig	B-SPEC
farm	O
in	O
Jiangsu	O
Province	O
in	O
March	O
2016	O
,	O
termed	O
the	O
JS201603	O
isolate	O
.	O

After	O
identifying	O
the	O
causing	O
factor	O
(	O
Pneumocyctis	O
jiroveci	O
),	O
EIT	O
monitoring	O
was	O
maintained	O
to	O
assess	O
the	O
effectiveness	O
of	O
targeted	B-PROC
microbial	O
treatment	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenation	B-PROC
in	O
an	O
HIV	B-DISO
-	O
positive	O
man	B-CHED
with	O
severe	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
secondary	O
to	O
pneumocystis	B-DISO
and	O
cytomegalovirus	B-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
management	O
of	O
critically	B-DISO
ill	I-DISO
human	B-DISO
immunodeficiency	I-DISO
virus	I-DISO
(	O
HIV	B-DISO
)-	O
positive	O
patients	O
is	O
challenging	O
;	O
however	O
,	O
intensive	O
care	O
unit	O
-	O
related	O
mortality	O
has	O
declined	O
significantly	O
in	O
recent	O
years	O
.	O

There	O
are	O
10	O
case	O
reports	O
in	O
the	O
literature	O
of	O
extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenation	B-PROC
(	O
ECMO	O
)	O
use	O
in	O
HIV	B-DISO
-	O
positive	O
patients	O
,	O
of	O
whom	O
seven	O
survived	O
to	O
hospital	O
discharge	B-ANAT
.	O

We	O
describe	O
a	O
33	O
-	O
year	O
-	O
old	O
Brazilian	O
man	B-CHED
who	O
presented	O
with	O
Pneumocystis	B-SPEC
jirovecii	I-SPEC
pneumonia	B-DISO
and	O
severe	O
hypoxic	B-DISO
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
.	O

Despite	O
poor	O
evidence	O
surrounding	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
ECMO	O
in	O
immunocompromised	O
patients	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
evident	O
that	O
ECMO	O
could	O
represent	O
an	O
important	O
rescue	O
therapy	O
in	O
HIV	O
-	O
positive	O
patients	O
with	O
refractory	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
animals	B-SPEC
showed	O
clinical	O
signs	O
of	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
with	O
frothy	O
nasal	B-DISO
discharge	B-ANAT
(	O
1	O
-	O
2	O
days	O
)	O
and	O
mortality	O
of	O
twenty	O
animals	B-SPEC
(	O
80	O
%)	O
within	O
48	O
hr	O
.	O

There	O
was	O
no	O
characteristic	O
lesion	O
in	O
the	O
intestine	B-ANAT
.	O

The	O
present	O
information	O
of	O
PPR	B-DISO
in	O
Chowsingha	O
is	O
the	O
first	O
report	O
of	O
PPRV	O
lineage	O
IV	O
causing	O
cross	O
-	O
species	B-SPEC
fatal	O
disease	O
in	O
subfamily	B-SPEC
bovinae	I-SPEC
and	O
family	B-SPEC
Bovidae	I-SPEC
.	O

The	O
acute	O
manifestation	O
of	O
the	O
disease	O
indicates	O
high	O
susceptibility	O
of	O
this	O
vulnerable	O
wild	O
bovid	B-SPEC
species	B-SPEC
to	O
PPR	B-DISO
lineage	O
IV	O
.	O

The	O
lateral	O
cephalogram	O
is	O
a	O
useful	O
tool	O
in	O
the	O
differentiation	B-PROC
of	O
UARS	O
from	O
other	O
OSA	B-DISO
phenotypes	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Genetic	O
characterisation	O
and	O
analysis	O
of	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
isolated	O
from	O
Brazilian	O
flocks	O
between	O
2010	O
and	O
2015	O
.	O

Infectious	O
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
IBV	B-SPEC
)	O
variants	O
in	O
Brazil	O
were	O
isolated	O
during	O
2010	O
-	O
2015	O
for	O
epidemiological	O
and	O
molecular	O
analysis	O
to	O
characterise	O
the	O
different	O
variants	O
and	O
perform	O
a	O
bioinformatic	O
analysis	O
to	O
compare	O
with	O
sequences	O
of	O
variants	O
collected	O
over	O
the	O
previous	O
40	O
years	O
.	O

Brazilian	O
IBV	B-SPEC
genotype	O
BR	O
-	O
I	O
is	O
currently	O
the	O
predominant	O
genotype	O
circulating	O
in	O
Brazil	O
and	O
South	O
America	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
What	O
We	O
Are	O
Watching	O
-	O
Top	O
Global	O
Infectious	B-DISO
Disease	I-DISO
Threats	O
,	O
2013	O
-	O
2016	O
:	O
An	O
Update	O
from	O
CDC	O
'	O
s	O
Global	O
Disease	O
Detection	O
Operations	O
Center	O
.	O

The	O
ORF1a	O
and	O
upE	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
RT	O
-	O
iiPCR	O
assays	O
coupled	O
with	O
a	O
field	O
-	O
deployable	O
system	O
provide	O
a	O
platform	O
for	O
a	O
highly	O
sensitive	O
and	O
specific	O
on	O
-	O
site	O
tool	O
for	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
infections	B-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
is	O
a	O
lineage	O
C	O
betacoronavirus	B-SPEC
that	O
since	O
its	O
emergence	O
in	O
2012	O
has	O
caused	O
outbreaks	O
in	O
human	B-SPEC
populations	O
with	O
case	O
-	O
fatality	O
rates	O
of	O
∼	O
36	O
%.	O

Recombinase	B-PRGE
polymerase	I-PRGE
amplification	I-PRGE
(	O
RPA	B-COMP
),	O
as	O
an	O
isothermal	O
gene	B-DISO
amplification	I-DISO
technique	O
,	O
has	O
been	O
explored	O
for	O
the	O
molecular	O
detection	O
of	O
diverse	O
pathogens	O
.	O

A	O
series	O
of	O
other	O
viruses	B-SPEC
were	O
tested	O
by	O
the	O
RT	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
RPA	I-PRGE
.	O
Thirty	O
-	O
two	O
field	O
samples	O
were	O
further	O
tested	O
by	O
RT	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
RPA	I-PRGE
,	O
and	O
the	O
resuts	O
were	O
compared	O
with	O
those	O
obtained	O
by	O
the	O
real	O
-	O
time	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
.	O

As	O
a	O
result	O
,	O
we	O
discovered	O
a	O
plausible	O
explanation	O
for	O
the	O
public	O
overreaction	O
to	O
MERS	O
in	O
terms	O
of	O
the	O
interplay	O
between	O
the	O
disease	O
,	O
mass	O
media	B-ANAT
,	O
and	O
public	O
emotions	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Zinc	B-CHED
chloride	I-CHED
smoke	O
bomb	O
exposure	O
is	O
frequently	O
seen	O
in	O
military	O
drills	B-SPEC
,	O
combat	B-CHED
exercises	O
,	O
metal	B-CHED
industry	O
works	O
,	O
and	O
disaster	O
simulations	O
.	O

We	O
suggest	O
that	O
an	O
extended	O
course	O
of	O
high	O
dose	O
corticosteroids	B-CHED
should	O
be	O
considered	O
for	O
the	O
treatment	O
of	O
smoke	O
inhalation	B-PROC
related	O
ARDS	B-DISO
and	O
should	O
be	O
introduced	O
as	O
early	O
as	O
possible	O
to	O
minimize	O
the	O
morbidity	O
and	O
mortality	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Cardiorespiratory	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
of	O
sickle	B-DISO
cell	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
in	O
a	O
mouse	B-SPEC
model	O
.	O

At	O
postnatal	O
day	O
3	O
,	O
43	O
%	O
of	O
SAD	B-DISO
mice	B-SPEC
showed	O
marked	O
apneas	B-DISO
,	O
anemia	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
vascular	B-ANAT
congestion	B-DISO
typical	O
of	O
acute	B-DISO
chest	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
;	O
none	O
of	O
these	O
mice	B-SPEC
survived	O
to	O
maturity	O
.	O

Diagnosis	O
leading	O
to	O
ARDS	B-DISO
was	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
in	O
63	O
.	O
1	O
%	O
of	O
the	O
patients	O
.	O

Twenty	O
-	O
eight	O
patients	O
(	O
60	O
.	O
9	O
%)	O
were	O
successfully	O
weaned	B-PROC
from	O
ECMO	O
and	O
22	O
patients	O
survived	O
(	O
47	O
.	O
8	O
%).	O

Areas	O
covered	O
:	O
This	O
review	O
presents	O
an	O
overview	O
of	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
within	O
the	O
last	O
five	O
years	O
,	O
with	O
a	O
particular	O
emphasis	O
on	O
the	O
key	O
areas	O
of	O
transmission	B-DISO
,	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
control	O
and	O
prevention	O
,	O
and	O
therapies	O
and	O
vaccines	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
is	O
burdened	O
with	O
significant	O
mortality	O
,	O
mainly	O
in	O
connection	O
with	O
circulatory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
.	O

Driving	O
pressure	O
≥	O
18	O
cmH	B-DISO

TITLE	O
:	O
Altered	O
Lipid	B-PROC
Metabolism	I-PROC
in	O
Recovered	O
SARS	B-DISO
Patients	O
Twelve	O
Years	O
after	O
Infection	B-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Transmissible	O
gastroenteritis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
)	O
is	O
an	O
infective	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
CoV	O
)	O
that	O
causes	O
diarrhea	B-DISO
-	O
related	O
morbidity	O
and	O
mortality	O
in	O
piglets	O
.	O

For	O
the	O
first	O
time	O
,	O
a	O
natural	O
recombination	B-PROC
strain	O
of	O
a	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
Anhui	O
Hefei	O
(	O
AHHF	O
)	O
virus	B-SPEC
between	O
the	O
Purdue	O
and	O
the	O
Miller	O
clusters	B-CHED
was	O
isolated	O
from	O
the	O
small	B-ANAT
intestine	I-ANAT
content	O
of	O
piglets	O
in	O
China	O
.	O

Such	O
viruses	B-SPEC
have	O
become	O
a	O
more	O
common	O
cause	O
of	O
severe	O
respiratory	O
-	O
tract	O
infections	B-DISO
,	O
especially	O
in	O
children	O
with	O
underlying	O
lung	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
such	O
as	O
asthma	B-PATH
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Clinicopathologic	O
Features	O
and	O
Magnetic	O
Resonance	O
Imaging	O
Findings	O
in	O
24	O
Cats	B-SPEC
With	O
Histopathologically	O
Confirmed	O
Neurologic	O
Feline	O
Infectious	O
Peritonitis	O
.	O

Information	O
regarding	O
the	O
magnetic	O
resonance	O
imaging	O
(	O
MRI	O
)	O
findings	O
of	O
neurologic	O
FIP	B-DISO
currently	O
is	O
limited	O
,	O
resulting	O
in	O
the	O
need	O
for	O
better	O
descriptions	O
to	O
optimize	O
its	O
use	O
as	O
a	O
diagnostic	O
tool	O
.	O

To	O
describe	O
the	O
clinicopathologic	O
features	O
and	O
MRI	O
findings	O
in	O
cases	O
of	O
confirmed	O
neurologic	O
FIP	B-DISO
.	O

Twenty	O
-	O
four	O
client	O
-	O
owned	O
cats	B-SPEC
with	O
histopathologic	O
confirmation	O
of	O
neurologic	O
FIP	B-DISO
.	O

All	O
24	O
cats	B-SPEC
were	O
euthanized	O
with	O
a	O
median	O
survival	O
time	O
of	O
14	O
days	O
(	O
range	O
,	O
2	O
-	O
115	O
)	O
from	O
onset	O
of	O
clinical	O
signs	O
.	O

An	O
83	O
-	O
year	O
-	O
old	O
Japanese	O
man	B-CHED
developed	O
acute	O
anterior	O
hypopituitarism	B-DISO
;	O
he	O
showed	O
anorexia	B-DISO
,	O
fatigue	B-DISO
,	O
lethargy	B-DISO
,	O
severe	O
bilateral	O
periorbital	B-DISO
edema	I-DISO
,	O
and	O
mild	O
cardiac	B-ANAT
dysfunction	O
in	O
the	O
absence	O
of	O
headache	B-DISO
,	O
visual	B-DISO
disturbance	I-DISO
,	O
altered	B-DISO
mental	I-DISO
status	I-DISO
,	O
and	O
cranial	B-ANAT
nerve	I-ANAT
palsy	I-DISO
.	O

Magnetic	O
resonance	O
imaging	O
showed	O
a	O
2	O
.	O
5	O
-	O
cm	O
pituitary	B-DISO
tumor	I-DISO
containing	O
a	O
mixed	O
pattern	O
of	O
solid	O
and	O
liquid	O
components	O
indicating	O
pituitary	B-DISO
tumor	I-DISO
apoplexy	B-DISO
due	O
to	O
hemorrhage	B-DISO
in	O
a	O
preexisting	O
pituitary	B-DISO
adenoma	I-DISO
.	O

In	O
the	O
present	O
case	O
,	O
the	O
patient	O
'	O
s	O
acute	O
central	B-DISO
hypothyroidism	I-DISO
was	O
probably	O
involved	O
in	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
both	O
periorbital	B-DISO
edema	I-DISO
and	O
cardiac	B-ANAT
dysfunction	O
.	O

The	O
results	O
showed	O
that	O
some	O
cells	O
were	O
able	O
to	O
survive	O
the	O
infection	B-DISO
,	O
as	O
demonstrated	O
by	O
continued	O
tdTomato	O
expression	B-PROC
after	O
virus	B-SPEC
antigen	B-CHED
could	O
no	O
longer	O
be	O
detected	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Clinical	O
outcomes	O
of	O
isolated	O
renal	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
compared	O
to	O
other	O
forms	O
of	O
organ	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
in	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
acute	O
pancreatitis	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
assess	O
differences	O
in	O
clinical	O
outcomes	O
of	O
isolated	O
renal	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
(	O
RF	O
)	O
compared	O
to	O
other	O
forms	O
of	O
organ	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
(	O
OF	O
)	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
acute	B-DISO
pancreatitis	I-DISO
(	O
SAP	O
).	O

Differences	O
in	O
clinical	O
outcomes	O
after	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
isolated	O
RF	O
in	O
comparison	O
to	O
other	O
forms	O
of	O
OF	O
were	O
determined	O
using	O
independent	O
t	O
and	O
Mann	O
-	O
Whitney	O
Among	O
500	O
patients	O
with	O
acute	B-DISO
pancreatitis	I-DISO
,	O
111	O
patients	O
developed	O
persistent	O
OF	O
:	O
mean	O
age	O
was	O
54	O
years	O
,	O
and	O
75	O
(	O
67	O
.	O
6	O
%)	O
were	O
male	O
.	O

To	O
this	O
end	O
,	O
the	O
GLs	O
should	O
include	O
appropriate	O
recruitment	B-DISO
protocols	O
and	O
questionnaire	O
-	O
based	O
risk	O
profiles	O
to	O
identify	O
suitable	O
donors	O
.	O

This	O
study	O
examines	O
the	O
profiles	O
of	O
upregulation	B-PROC
and	O
downregulation	B-PROC
of	O
various	O
cytokines	O
and	O
chemokines	O
in	O
relation	O
to	O
asthmatic	B-DISO
control	O
status	O
.	O

IL	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
17A	I-PRGE
was	O
significantly	O
upregulated	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
the	O
uncontrolled	O
and	O
refractory	O
status	O
.	O

Therefore	O
,	O
IL	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
17A	I-PRGE
may	O
play	O
important	O
roles	O
in	O
asthmatic	B-DISO
exacerbation	O
,	O
and	O
its	O
high	O
level	O
,	O
in	O
combination	O
with	O
upregulated	O
Th2	O
and	O
other	O
cytokines	O
,	O
may	O
indicate	O
the	O
refractory	O
endotype	O
of	O
asthma	B-PATH
.	O

In	O
contrast	O
,	O
viral	O
RNA	O
circumvents	O
the	O
nsp1	B-PRGE
-	O
mediated	O
translational	B-PROC
shutoff	O
for	O
an	O
efficient	O
propagation	O
.	O

The	O
challenges	O
in	O
vaccine	O
development	B-PROC
and	O
the	O
approach	O
to	O
clinical	O
trial	O
design	O
to	O
test	O
vaccine	O
candidates	O
for	O
disease	O
entities	O
with	O
a	O
changing	O
epidemiology	O
are	O
discussed	O
.	O

During	O
2015	O
-	O
2016	O
,	O
a	O
total	O
of	O
104	O
diarrheic	O
fecal	B-ANAT
samples	O
were	O
collected	O
from	O
puppies	O
and	O
adult	O
dogs	B-SPEC
,	O
with	O
or	O
without	O
hemorrhagic	B-DISO
gastroenteritis	I-DISO
,	O
on	O
the	O
Caribbean	O
island	O
of	O
St	O
.	O
Kitts	O
(	O
KNA	O
).	O

The	O
method	O
was	O
performed	O
using	O
a	O
MassARRAY	O
matrix	O
-	O
assisted	O
laser	B-SPEC
desorption	O
/	O
ionization	O
time	O
-	O
of	O
-	O
flight	B-PROC
mass	O
spectrometry	O
(	O
MALDI	O
-	O
TOF	B-DISO
MS	O
)	O
system	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Transmissible	O
gastroenteritis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
),	O
an	O
enteropathogenic	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
CoV	O
)	O
of	O
porcine	B-SPEC
,	O
causes	O
lethal	O
watery	B-DISO
diarrhea	I-DISO
and	O
severe	B-DISO
dehydration	I-DISO
in	O
piglets	O
and	O
leads	O
to	O
severe	O
economic	O
losses	O
in	O
the	O
swine	B-SPEC
industry	O
.	O

M2	O
,	O
especially	O
M2c	O
,	O
induced	O
Tregs	O
without	O
any	O
influence	O
on	O
Tregs	O
immunosuppression	B-PROC
function	O
.	O

The	O
survival	O
analysis	O
revealed	O
a	O
higher	O
90	O
-	O
day	O
mortality	O
risk	O
among	O
T	O
homozygotes	O
than	O
among	O
C	O
-	O
allele	O
carriers	O
(	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
0144	O
)	O
exclusively	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
ARDS	O
due	O
to	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
.	O

A	O
total	O
of	O
254	O
small	B-ANAT
intestinal	I-ANAT
or	O
fecal	B-ANAT
samples	O
collected	O
from	O
10	O
provinces	O
including	O
Henan	O
,	O
Hunan	O
,	O
Zhejiang	O
,	O
Jiangxi	O
,	O
Anhui	O
,	O
Hebei	O
,	O
Heilongjiang	O
,	O
Jiangsu	O
,	O
Shandong	O
and	O
Shanghai	O
between	O
2014	O
and	O
2015	O
,	O
were	O
screened	O
by	O
quantitative	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
targeting	B-PROC
the	O
viral	B-PRGE
M	I-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Entry	O
of	O
the	O
α	O
-	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
porcine	B-SPEC
epidemic	I-SPEC
diarrhea	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
)	O
requires	O
specific	O
proteases	O
to	O
activate	O
spike	O
(	O
S	O
)	O
protein	B-CHED
for	O
the	O
membrane	B-PROC
fusion	I-PROC
of	O
the	O
virion	B-COMP
to	O
the	O
host	B-COMP
cell	I-COMP
following	O
receptor	B-FUNC
binding	I-FUNC
.	O

Otherwise	O
,	O
a	O
novel	O
variation	O
(	O
16	O
-	O
20	O
aa	O
deletion	O
and	O
an	O
L25P	O
mutation	O
)	O
in	O
the	O
transmembrane	B-COMP
domain	O
of	O
the	O
E	O
protein	B-CHED
affected	O
multiple	O
infection	B-DISO
processes	O
,	O
including	O
up	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
regulation	I-PROC
of	O
the	O
production	O
of	O
the	O
ER	O
stress	O
indicator	B-CHED
GRP78	B-PRGE
,	O
improving	O
the	O
expression	B-PROC
of	O
pro	B-CHED
-	O
inflammatory	O
cytokines	B-PRGE
IL	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
6	I-PRGE
and	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
8	I-FUNC
,	O
and	O
promoting	O
apoptosis	B-PATH
.	O

The	O
current	O
therapies	O
have	O
mainly	O
been	O
adapted	O
from	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
treatments	O
,	O
including	O
broad	O
-	O
spectrum	O
antibiotics	B-CHED
,	O
corticosteroids	B-CHED
,	O
interferons	O
,	O
ribavirin	B-CHED
,	O
lopinavir	O
-	O
ritonavir	B-CHED
or	O
mycophenolate	B-CHED
mofetil	I-CHED
,	O
and	O
have	O
not	O
been	O
subject	O
to	O
well	O
-	O
organized	O
clinical	O
trials	O
.	O

There	O
are	O
many	O
options	O
for	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
-	O
specific	O
therapies	O
.	O

Tissue	B-ANAT
needle	O
biopsies	O
were	O
obtained	O
from	O
brain	B-ANAT
,	O
heart	B-ANAT
,	O
lung	B-ANAT
,	O
liver	B-ANAT
,	O
kidney	B-ANAT
and	O
skeletal	B-ANAT
muscle	I-ANAT
.	O

We	O
identified	O
the	O
pyrazolecarbothioamide	O
derivative	O
A15	O
,	O
able	O
to	O
inhibit	O
viral	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
and	O
both	O
RNase	B-PRGE
H	I-PRGE
and	O
RNA	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
dependent	I-PRGE
DNA	I-PRGE
polymerase	I-PRGE
(	O
RDDP	O
)	O
RT	O
-	O
associated	O
activities	O
in	O
the	O
low	O
micromolar	O
range	O
.	O

Anti	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
PDCoV	I-PRGE
IgG	I-PRGE
antibodies	I-PRGE
were	O
detected	O
in	O
11	O
%	O
(	O
96	O
/	O
871	O
)	O
of	O
the	O
samples	O
and	O
in	O
25	O
%	O
(	O
10	O
/	O
40	O
)	O
of	O
the	O
investigated	O
farms	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Protective	O
ventilation	O
reduces	O
Pseudomonas	B-SPEC
aeruginosa	I-SPEC
growth	B-PROC
in	O
lung	B-ANAT
tissue	I-ANAT
in	O
a	O
porcine	B-SPEC
pneumonia	B-DISO
model	O
.	O

The	O
protective	B-CHED
group	I-CHED
(	O
n	O
=	O
10	O
)	O
had	O
an	O
end	O
expiratory	B-PROC
pressure	O
of	O
10	O
cm	O
H	O
The	O
protective	B-CHED
group	I-CHED
displayed	O
lower	O
numbers	O
of	O
Pseudomonas	B-SPEC
aeruginosa	I-SPEC
(	O
p	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
)	O
in	O
the	O
lung	B-ANAT
tissue	I-ANAT
,	O
and	O
a	O
lower	O
wet	O
-	O
to	O
-	O
dry	O
ratio	O
(	O
p	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
01	O
)	O
than	O
the	O
control	O
group	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
characterize	O
sedation	B-DISO
,	O
analgesia	B-DISO
,	O
delirium	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
mobilization	O
practices	O
in	O
patients	O
supported	O
with	O
venovenous	O
extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenation	B-PROC
for	O
severe	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
.	O

Following	O
venovenous	O
extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenation	B-PROC
initiation	O
,	O
97	O
%	O
respondents	O
administer	O
sedative	B-CHED
/	O
analgesic	B-CHED
infusions	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
sedation	B-DISO
target	O
was	O
""""	O
sedated	O
""""	O
or	O
""""	O
very	O
sedated	O
""""	O
for	O
59	O
%,	O
""""	O
calm	O
and	O
cooperative	O
""""	O
for	O
25	O
%,	O
and	O
""""	O
unarousable	O
""""	O
for	O
16	O
%.	O

The	O
majority	O
of	O
respondents	O
reported	O
targeting	B-PROC
moderate	O
to	O
deep	O
sedation	B-DISO
following	O
cannulation	O
,	O
with	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
sedative	B-CHED
and	O
opioid	O
infusions	O
.	O

There	O
is	O
considerable	O
variability	O
surrounding	O
early	O
physical	O
therapy	O
and	O
mobilization	O
goals	O
for	O
patients	O
with	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
supported	O
by	O
venovenous	O
extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenation	B-PROC
.	O

Ethyl	B-CHED
pyruvate	B-CHED
(	O
EP	O
)	O
has	O
multiple	O
immunoregulation	B-PROC
functions	O
in	O
several	O
serious	O
illnesses	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
burn	O
injury	O
,	O
severe	B-DISO
sepsis	I-DISO
and	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
.	O

In	O
this	O
review	O
,	O
we	O
summarize	O
our	O
understanding	O
of	O
the	O
molecular	O
and	O
biological	O
events	O
of	O
compounds	O
acting	O
as	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
inhibitors	B-CHED
,	O
the	O
outcomes	O
of	O
existing	O
therapeutic	O
options	O
and	O
the	O
various	O
drugs	O
undergoing	O
clinical	O
trials	O
.	O

In	O
addition	O
,	O
we	O
propose	O
the	O
feasibility	O
of	O
developing	O
effective	O
agents	O
by	O
repurposing	O
the	O
existing	O
and	O
clinically	O
approved	O
anti	O
-	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
and	O
anti	O
-	O
viral	O
peptide	B-CHED
drugs	O
.	O

A	O
24	O
-	O
year	O
-	O
old	O
male	O
patient	O
who	O
developed	O
septic	O
-	O
induced	O
cardiomyopathy	B-DISO
secondary	I-DISO
to	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
TB	I-DISO
was	O
administered	O
veno	O
-	O
arterial	B-ANAT
(	O
VA	O
)	O
ECMO	O
for	O
cardiac	B-ANAT
support	O
.	O

Especially	O
,	O
compound	O
g18	O
showed	O
excellent	O
curative	O
and	O
protective	O
activities	O
against	O
CMV	B-SPEC
,	O
with	O
half	O
-	O
maximal	O
effective	O
concentration	O
(	O
EC	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
emergence	O
of	O
the	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
-	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
resulted	O
in	O
multiple	O
healthcare	O
associated	O
outbreaks	O
.	O

A	O
formal	B-CHED
educational	O
program	O
was	O
implemented	O
to	O
ensure	O
a	O
standardized	O
approach	O
to	O
care	O
planning	O
and	O
delivery	O
.	O

The	O
emergence	O
of	O
drug	O
-	O
resistant	O
strains	O
further	O
necessitates	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
novel	O
antivirals	B-CHED
that	O
target	O
the	O
host	B-COMP
factors	O
crucial	O
for	O
viral	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
.	O

Area	O
covered	O
:	O
This	O
review	O
summarizes	O
the	O
current	O
understanding	O
of	O
the	O
structural	O
and	O
functional	O
properties	O
of	O
type	B-PRGE
II	I-PRGE
transmembrane	I-PRGE
serine	B-CHED
proteases	I-PRGE
(	O
TTSPs	O
)	O
as	O
a	O
proteolytic	B-PROC
activator	O
of	O
influenza	B-SPEC
virus	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
and	O
discusses	O
their	O
potential	O
as	O
antiviral	B-CHED
targets	O
.	O

It	O
also	O
explores	O
the	O
experimental	O
evidence	O
accumulated	O
for	O
inhibitors	B-CHED
of	O
TTSPs	O
as	O
novel	O
,	O
broad	O
-	O
spectrum	O
antivirals	B-CHED
against	O
various	O
influenza	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
subtypes	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
porcine	B-SPEC
epidemic	I-SPEC
diarrhea	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
)	O
is	O
a	O

We	O
enrolled	O
174	O
patients	O
:	O
113	O
had	O
respiratory	B-DISO
symptoms	I-DISO
/	O
suspected	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
infection	B-DISO
,	O
31	O
had	O
confirmed	O
influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
or	O
B	O
infection	B-DISO
,	O
23	O
had	O
a	O
recent	O
confirmed	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
infection	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
7	O
had	O
confirmed	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
infection	B-DISO
1	O
year	O
before	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Think	O
globally	O
,	O
act	O
locally	O
:	O
Phylodynamic	O
reconstruction	O
of	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
IBV	B-SPEC
)	O
QX	O
genotype	O
(	O
GI	O
-	O
19	O
lineage	O
)	O
reveals	O
different	O
population	O
dynamics	O
and	O
spreading	O
patterns	O
when	O
evaluated	O
on	O
different	O
epidemiological	O
scales	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
IBV	B-SPEC
)	O
represents	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
poultry	O
industry	O
major	O
threats	O
,	O
particularly	O
in	O
high	O
density	O
producing	O
countries	O
.	O

The	O
emergence	O
and	O
spread	O
of	O
new	O
IBV	B-SPEC
genotypes	O
have	O
frustrated	O
the	O
various	O
disease	O
control	O
efforts	O
implemented	O
over	O
time	O
.	O

Despite	O
that	O
,	O
few	O
comprehensive	O
and	O
large	O
scale	O
studies	O
have	O
been	O
performed	O
to	O
understand	O
the	O
international	O
and	O
local	O
spreading	O
dynamics	O
of	O
this	O
virus	B-SPEC
.	O

The	O
presence	O
of	O
several	O
well	O
supported	O
epidemiological	O
links	O
among	O
distantly	O
related	O
Italian	O
regions	O
testifies	O
that	O
animal	B-SPEC
transportation	O
and	O
indirect	O
transmission	O
routes	O
rather	O
than	O
local	O
airborne	O
diffusion	O
contribute	O
to	O
the	O
QX	O
success	O
and	O
persistence	O
at	O
local	O
scale	O
.	O

Piglets	O
without	O
MDA	B-CHED
showed	O
a	O
morbidity	O
of	O
100	O
%	O
and	O
low	O
lethality	O
,	O
while	O
almost	O
all	O
MDA	O
-	O
positive	O
piglets	O
stayed	O
clinically	O
healthy	O
and	O
showed	O
considerably	O
lower	O
virus	B-DISO
shedding	I-DISO
.	O

Nevertheless	O
,	O
a	O
major	O
research	O
area	O
,	O
notably	O
their	O
impact	O
on	O
viruses	B-SPEC
,	O
has	O
so	O
far	O
been	O
neglected	O
.	O

All	O
structure	O
activity	O
relationships	O
(	O
SARs	B-DISO
)	O
were	O
tested	O
on	O
the	O
human	B-SPEC
norovirus	B-SPEC
surrogate	O
phage	O
MS2	O
and	O
phage	O
P100	O
representing	O
non	O
-	O
enveloped	O
DNA	O
viruses	B-SPEC
.	O

Overall	O
,	O
four	O
ILs	B-DISO
,	O
covering	O
different	O
structural	O
elements	O
,	O
were	O
found	O
to	O
reduce	O
phage	O
P100	O
infectivity	O
by	O
≥	O
4	O
log	O

Although	O
cholesterol	B-CHED
is	O
known	O
to	O
affect	O
the	O
replication	O
of	O
a	O
broad	O
range	O
of	O
viruses	B-SPEC
in	O
vitro	O
,	O
its	O
significance	O
and	O
role	O
in	O
porcine	B-SPEC
nidovirus	B-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
remains	O
to	O
be	O
elucidated	O
.	O

Our	O
results	O
showed	O
that	O
depletion	O
of	O
cellular	B-COMP
cholesterol	B-CHED
by	O
treating	O
cells	B-COMP
with	O
methyl	B-CHED
-	O
β	O
-	O
cyclodextrin	B-CHED
(	O
MβCD	O
)	O
dose	O
-	O
dependently	O
suppressed	O
the	O
replication	O
of	O
both	O
nidoviruses	B-SPEC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Clinical	O
Pearls	O
in	O
Venovenous	O
Extracorporeal	O
Life	O
Support	O
for	O
Adult	O
Respiratory	B-DISO
Failure	I-DISO
.	O

However	O
,	O
its	O
uptake	O
in	O
the	O
case	O
of	O
adult	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
has	O
been	O
slow	O
because	O
of	O
a	O
paucity	O
of	O
quality	O
evidence	O
and	O
a	O
sluggish	O
tempo	B-CHED
of	O
ECLS	O
-	O
related	O
technological	O
advances	O
.	O

HPeV	O
was	O
a	O
probable	O
cause	O
of	O
the	O
disease	O
in	O
47	O
.	O
7	O
%	O
(	O
42	O
/	O
88	O
),	O
mostly	O
self	O
-	O
limiting	O
including	O
acute	B-DISO
gastroenteritis	I-DISO
,	O
upper	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
tract	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
and	O
maculopapular	O
rash	B-DISO
.	O

A	O
high	O
proportion	O
(	O
60	O
.	O
0	O
%)	O
of	O
children	O
coinfected	O
with	O
HPeV	O
and	O
other	O
respiratory	O
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
es	O
)	O
had	O
acute	B-DISO
bronchiolitis	I-DISO
or	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
.	O

Most	O
rash	B-DISO
illnesses	O
exhibited	O
a	O
generalized	O
maculopapular	O
pattern	O
involving	O
the	O
trunk	B-ANAT
and	O
limbs	B-ANAT
,	O
and	O
were	O
more	O
likely	O
associated	O
with	O
HPeV4	O
compared	O
to	O
other	O
syndrome	B-DISO
groups	O
(	O
36	O
.	O
4	O
%	O
vs	O
.	O
3	O
.	O
1	O
%,	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
011	O
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Transcatheter	O
Aortic	B-ANAT
Valve	I-ANAT
Implantation	B-PROC
Versus	O
Surgical	O
Aortic	B-ANAT
Valve	I-ANAT
Replacement	O
in	O
Lower	O
-	O
Surgical	O
-	O
Risk	O
Patients	O
With	O
Chronic	O
Obstructive	O
Pulmonary	O
Disease	O
.	O

Transfemoral	O
TAVI	O
without	O
general	B-PROC
anesthesia	I-PROC
(	O
28	O
patients	O
)	O
was	O
associated	O
with	O
the	O
lowest	O
rate	O
of	O
respiratory	B-DISO
complications	I-DISO
(	O
3	O
.	O
6	O
%).	O

Among	O
patients	O
with	O
moderate	O
or	O
severe	O
COPD	B-DISO
at	O
low	O
-	O
to	O
-	O
intermediate	O
surgical	O
risk	O
,	O
TAVI	O
patients	O
had	O
a	O
similar	O
rate	O
of	O
30	O
-	O
day	O
major	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
complications	I-DISO
compared	O
with	O
SAVR	O
patients	O
despite	O
a	O
higher	O
baseline	O
risk	O
profile	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-ANAT
oxygenation	B-PROC
(	O
ECMO	O
)	O
support	O
for	O
severe	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
has	O
been	O
increasing	O
.	O

Limited	O
knowledge	O
is	O
currently	O
available	O
regarding	O
the	O
role	O
of	O
dendritic	B-ANAT
cells	B-COMP
in	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
.	O

Surprisingly	O
,	O
we	O
did	O
not	O
detect	O
any	O
interferon	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
β	I-PRGE
in	O
the	O
supernatants	O
of	O
infected	O
cells	B-COMP
.	O

We	O
also	O
observed	O
a	O
markedly	O
increased	O
transcription	B-PROC
of	O
interferon	B-PRGE
inducible	O
protein	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
10	I-PRGE
(	O
IP	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
10	I-PRGE
).	O

Overall	O
,	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
does	O
not	O
replicate	O
in	O
porcine	B-SPEC
Mo	O
-	O
DC	O
,	O
but	O
activates	O
the	O
transcription	B-PROC
of	O
type	B-PRGE
I	I-PRGE
interferon	I-PRGE
and	O
chemokine	O
IP	O
-	O
10	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Role	O
of	O
biomarkers	O
in	O
acute	O
traumatic	B-DISO
lung	I-DISO
injury	O
.	O

We	O
describe	O
a	O
10	O
-	O
year	O
-	O
old	O
boy	O
who	O
was	O
presented	O
with	O
high	O
grade	O
fever	B-PROC
,	O
dysphagia	B-DISO
and	O
tender	O
swelling	B-DISO
over	O
left	B-ANAT
side	I-ANAT
of	I-ANAT
neck	I-ANAT
.	O

The	O
findings	O
can	O
serve	O
as	O
a	O
guide	O
for	O
healthcare	O
practitioners	O
by	O
appropriately	O
identifying	O
and	O
managing	O
potential	O
patients	O
at	O
high	O
risk	O
of	O
death	B-PROC
.	O

Multivariate	O
predictors	O
of	O
30	O
-	O
day	O
mortality	O
were	O
elderly	O
,	O
non	O
-	O
healthcare	O
workers	O
,	O
pre	O
-	O
existing	O
illness	O
,	O
severity	O
of	O
illness	O
,	O
and	O
hospital	O
-	O
acquired	O
infections	B-DISO
(	O
aHR	O
=	O
1	O
.	O
7	O
;	O
19	O
.	O
2	O
;	O
2	O
.	O
1	O
;	O
3	O
.	O
7	O
;	O
and	O
2	O
.	O
9	O
,	O
respectively	O
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Epidemiological	O
and	O
clinical	O
assessment	O
of	O
a	O
shared	O
territorial	O
malaria	B-PATH
guideline	O
in	O
the	O
10	O
years	O
of	O
its	O
implementation	O
(	O
Barcelona	O
,	O
North	O
Metropolitan	O
Area	O
,	O
Catalonia	O
,	O
Spain	O
,	O
2007	O
-	O
2016	O
).	O

The	O
aim	O
of	O
the	O
study	O
is	O
to	O
assess	O
the	O
evolution	B-PROC
of	O
malaria	B-PATH
cases	O
in	O
the	O
area	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
its	O
clinical	O
management	O
over	O
the	O
10	O
years	O
of	O
its	O
implementation	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
A	O
total	O
of	O
190	O
malaria	B-PATH
cases	O
,	O
all	O
them	O
imported	O
,	O
have	O
been	O
recorded	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Bovine	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
BCoV	O
)	O
is	O
a	O
viral	O
enteric	O
pathogen	O
associated	O
with	O
calf	B-ANAT
diarrhea	B-DISO
worldwide	O
being	O
,	O
in	O
Argentina	B-SPEC
,	O
mostly	O
detected	O
in	O
dairy	O
husbandry	O
systems	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
(	O
MERS	O
)	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
,	O
a	O
newly	O
identified	O
pathogen	O
,	O
causes	O
severe	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
in	O
humans	B-SPEC
.	O

The	O
recently	O
defined	O
receptor	O
for	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
,	O
dipeptidyl	B-PRGE
peptidase	I-PRGE
4	I-PRGE
(	O
DPP4	B-PRGE
),	O
is	O
generally	O
expressed	B-PROC
in	O
endothelial	B-ANAT
and	O
epithelial	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
and	O
has	O
been	O
shown	O
to	O
be	O
present	O
on	O
cultured	O
human	B-SPEC
nonciliated	O
bronchiolar	B-ANAT
epithelium	B-ANAT
cells	B-COMP
.	O

Mice	B-SPEC
lacking	O
all	O
inflammasome	O
signaling	B-PROC
due	O
to	O
the	O
absence	O
of	O
caspase	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
and	O
-	O
11	O
were	O
more	O
vulnerable	O
to	O
infection	B-DISO
,	O
with	O
poor	O
survival	O
and	O
elevated	O
viral	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
compared	O
to	O
wild	O
-	O
type	O
mice	B-SPEC
.	O

The	O
results	O
reveal	O
that	O
the	O
three	O
IBV	B-SPEC
isolates	O
mainly	O
exhibited	O
mutations	O
in	O
the	O
hypervariable	O
regions	O
(	O
HVRs	O
)	O
of	O
the	O
S1	B-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
and	O
protein	B-CHED
,	O
but	O
were	O
phylogenetically	O
and	O
serologically	O
closely	O
related	O
,	O
belonging	O
to	O
lineage	O
11	O
of	O
the	O
GI	O
genotype	O
,	O
the	O
former	O
BR	O
genotype	O
I	O
.	O
All	O
three	O
isolates	O
caused	O
persistent	O
infection	O
in	O
broiler	O
breeders	O
reared	O
in	O
the	O
field	O
,	O
despite	O
high	O
systemic	O
anti	O
-	O
IBV	B-SPEC
antibody	B-COMP
titres	O
,	O
and	O
exhibited	O
tropism	B-PROC
and	O
pathogenicity	O
for	O
the	O
trachea	B-DISO
and	O
kidney	B-ANAT
after	O
experimental	O
infection	B-DISO
in	O
SPF	B-PRGE
chickens	I-PRGE
and	O
contact	O
birds	B-SPEC
.	O

Therefore	O
,	O
we	O
immunized	O
chickens	B-SPEC
with	O
recombinant	B-PRGE
trimeric	I-PRGE
soluble	I-PRGE
IBV	I-PRGE
Ark	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
type	I-PRGE
S1	I-PRGE
or	O
S	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
ectodomain	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
produced	O
from	O
codon	O
-	O
optimized	O
constructs	O
in	O
mammalian	B-SPEC
cells	B-COMP
.	O

Notably	O
,	O
the	O
incremental	O
change	O
of	O
daily	O
death	B-PROC
rate	O
was	O
most	O
prominent	O
during	O
the	O
first	O
week	O
since	O
disease	O
onset	O
with	O
an	O
average	O
increase	O
of	O
13	O
%,	O
but	O
then	O
stabilized	O
in	O
the	O
remaining	O
two	O
weeks	O
when	O
it	O
only	O
increased	O
3	O
%	O
on	O
average	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Efficacy	O
of	O
a	O
3C	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
like	I-PRGE
protease	I-PRGE
inhibitor	O
in	O
treating	O
various	O
forms	O
of	O
acquired	O
feline	B-SPEC
infectious	I-DISO
peritonitis	I-DISO
.	O

The	O
seventh	O
was	O
a	O
6	O
.	O
8	O
-	O
year	O
-	O
old	O
cat	B-SPEC
with	O
only	O
mesenteric	B-ANAT
lymph	I-ANAT
node	I-ANAT
involvement	O
that	O
went	O
into	O
remission	B-DISO
after	O
three	O
relapses	O
that	O
required	O
progressively	O
longer	O
repeat	O
treatments	O
over	O
a	O
10	O
month	O
period	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Camels	O
are	O
known	O
carriers	O
for	O
many	O
viral	O
pathogens	O
,	O
including	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
).	O

In	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
we	O
performed	O
metagenomic	O
sequencing	O
analysis	O
on	O
nasopharyngeal	B-ANAT
swab	I-ANAT
samples	O
from	O
108	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
-	O
positive	O
dromedary	B-SPEC
camels	B-SPEC
from	O
a	O
live	O
animal	B-SPEC
market	O
in	O
Abu	B-CHED
Dhabi	O
,	O
United	O
Arab	O
Emirates	O
.	O

Some	O
viral	O
sequences	O
belong	O
to	O
known	O
camel	B-SPEC
or	O
human	B-SPEC
viruses	B-SPEC
and	O
others	O
are	O
from	O
potentially	O
novel	O
camel	B-SPEC
viruses	B-SPEC
with	O
only	O
limited	O
sequence	O
similarity	O
to	O
virus	B-SPEC
sequences	O
in	O
GenBank	O
.	O

Co	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
of	O
at	O
least	O
two	O
recently	O
identified	O
camel	B-SPEC
coronaviruses	O
was	O
detected	O
in	O
92	O
.	O
6	O
%	O
of	O
the	O
camels	B-SPEC
in	O
the	O
study	O
.	O

Thus	O
,	O
the	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
EV	O
-	O
HRV	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
complicated	O
by	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
was	O
established	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
A	O
total	O
of	O
251	O
clinically	O
significant	O
bacteria	B-SPEC
were	O
identified	O
in	O
233	O
patients	O
with	O
post	O
-	O
viral	O
bacterial	B-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
.	O

Here	O
,	O
we	O
rationally	O
designed	O
a	O
novel	O
fusion	O
inhibitor	B-CHED
named	O
MERS	O
-	O
five	O
-	O
helix	O
bundle	O
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
5HB	O
)	O
derived	O
from	O
the	O
six	O
-	O
helix	O
bundle	O
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
6HB	O
)	O
which	O
was	O
formed	O
by	O
the	O
process	O
of	O
membrane	B-PROC
fusion	I-PROC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Management	O
of	O
Acute	B-DISO
Respiratory	I-DISO
Distress	I-DISO
Syndrome	I-DISO
and	O
Refractory	O
Hypoxemia	O
.	O

To	O
describe	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
strategies	O
and	O
treatment	O
adjuncts	O
for	O
adults	O
with	O
ARDS	B-DISO
,	O
including	O
refractory	O
hypoxemia	O
.	O

On	O
Study	O
Day	O
1	O
,	O
mean	O
Vt	O
was	O
7	O
.	O
5	O
(	O
SD	O
=	O
2	O
.	O
1	O
)	O
ml	O
/	O
kg	O
predicted	O
body	B-ANAT
weight	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
625	O
);	O
80	O
%	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
501	O
)	O
received	O
Vt	O
greater	O
than	O
6	O
ml	O
/	O
kg	O
.	O

Mean	O
positive	O
end	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
expiratory	I-PROC
pressure	O
(	O
PEEP	B-CHED
)	O
was	O
10	O
.	O
5	O
(	O
3	O
.	O
7	O
)	O
cm	O
H	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Recent	O
outbreaks	O
of	O
infectious	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
have	O
revealed	O
significant	O
health	O
care	O
system	O
vulnerabilities	O
and	O
highlighted	O
the	O
importance	O
of	O
rapid	O
recognition	O
and	O
isolation	O
of	O
patients	O
with	O
potentially	O
severe	O
infectious	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
.	O

Evaluators	O
captured	O
key	O
infection	B-DISO
control	O
performance	O
measures	O
,	O
including	O
time	O
to	O
patient	O
masking	O
and	O
isolation	O
.	O

Ninety	O
-	O
five	O
drills	B-SPEC
(	O
53	O
measles	B-PATH
and	O
42	O
MERS	O
)	O
were	O
conducted	O
in	O
49	O
EDs	B-DISO
with	O
patients	O
masked	O
and	O
isolated	O
in	O
78	O
%	O
of	O
drills	O
.	O

Our	O
previous	O
study	O
found	O
that	O
interleukin	B-PRGE
(	O
IL	O
)-	O
17A	O
production	O
by	O
humans	B-SPEC
or	O
mice	B-SPEC
infected	O
with	O
influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
(	O
H1N1	O
)	O
pdm09	O
substantially	O
contributes	O
to	O
ALI	O
and	O
subsequent	O
morbidity	O
and	O
mortality	O
.	O

In	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
a	O
mouse	B-SPEC
model	O
of	O
severe	O
influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
(	O
H1N1	O
)	O
pdm09	O
infection	B-DISO
was	O
established	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
The	O
influence	O
of	O
the	O
method	O
of	O
initial	O
stabilization	O
of	O
traumatic	O
femoral	B-ANAT
shaft	I-ANAT
fractures	O
on	O
postoperative	O
morbidity	O
and	O
mortality	O
-	O
a	O
retrospective	O
study	O
.	O

Although	O
not	O
statistically	O
significant	O
,	O
MODS	B-DISO
and	O
ARDS	B-DISO
incidences	O
were	O
higher	O
in	O
the	O
DCO	B-DISO
shock	O
group	O
:	O
MODS	B-DISO
(	O
41	O
.	O
7	O
%	O
versus	O
22	O
.	O
6	O
%	O
and	O
20	O
%;	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
08	O
/	O
0	O
.	O
17	O
),	O
ARDS	B-DISO
(	O
29	O
.	O
2	O
%	O
versus	O
17	O
%	O
and	O
20	O
%;	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
22	O
/	O
0	O
.	O
53	O
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Detection	O
of	O
Bovine	B-SPEC
Coronavirus	B-SPEC
in	O
Healthy	O
and	O
Diarrheic	O
Dairy	O
Calves	O
.	O

A	O
specific	O
BCoV	O
-	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
assay	O
was	O
used	O
to	O
detect	O
BCoV	O
in	O
fecal	B-ANAT
samples	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Extracorporeal	O
respiratory	O
support	O
,	O
also	O
known	O
as	O
extracorporeal	O
gas	B-ENZY
exchange	O
,	O
may	O
be	O
used	O
to	O
rescue	O
the	O
most	O
severe	O
forms	O
of	O
acute	O
hypoxemic	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
with	O
high	O
blood	B-PROC
flow	I-PROC
venovenous	O
extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenation	B-PROC
.	O

Alternatively	O
,	O
lower	O
flow	O
extracorporeal	O
carbon	B-CHED
dioxide	I-CHED
removal	O
might	O
be	O
applied	O
to	O
reduce	O
the	O
intensity	O
of	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
less	O
severe	O
forms	O
of	O
the	O
disease	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
syndromic	O
CIDs	O
,	O
autosomal	B-COMP
recessive	O
mutations	O
in	O
ataxia	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
telangiectasia	I-DISO
mutated	O
(	O
ATM	B-PATH
),	O
autosomal	B-COMP
dominant	O
mutations	O
in	O
signal	B-PRGE
transducer	I-PRGE
and	I-PRGE
activator	I-PRGE
of	I-PRGE
transcription	I-PRGE
3	I-PRGE
(	O
STAT3	B-PRGE
),	O
and	O
microdeletions	O
in	O
22q11	O
.	O
21	O
were	O
the	O
most	O
commonly	O
affected	O
genomic	O
loci	O
.	O

Vaccination	O
of	O
swine	B-SPEC
with	O
rSPV	O
-	O
St	O
elicited	O
a	O
robust	O
antibody	B-PROC
response	I-PROC
specific	O
for	O
the	O
homologous	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
SQ2014	O
.	O

Sixteen	O
substitutions	O
resulted	O
in	O
amino	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
coding	O
changes	O
of	O
which	O
half	O
were	O
in	O
spike	O
.	O

To	O
Determine	O
the	O
Active	O
Status	O
and	O
Duration	O
of	O
Acute	O
Viral	B-DISO
Infection	I-DISO
.	O

Serology	O
testing	O
for	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
virus	B-SPEC
-	O
elicited	O
antibodies	B-COMP
in	O
blood	B-ANAT
is	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
methods	O
used	O
commonly	O
for	O
clinical	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
viral	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Interstitial	O
pneumonia	O
with	O
autoimmune	B-DISO
features	O
(	O
IPAF	O
)	O
identifies	O
a	O
recently	O
recognized	O
autoimmune	B-DISO
syndrome	B-DISO
characterized	O
by	O
interstitial	B-DISO
lung	B-ANAT
disease	I-DISO
and	O
autoantibodies	O
positivity	O
,	O
but	O
absence	O
of	O
a	O
specific	O
connective	B-DISO
tissue	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
diagnosis	O
or	O
alternative	O
etiology	O
.	O

We	O
compared	O
baseline	O
characteristics	O
and	O
clinical	O
outcome	O
of	O
IPAF	O
patients	O
with	O
those	O
of	O
the	O
population	O
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
patients	O
admitted	O
in	O
the	O
same	O
period	O
.	O

All	O
patients	O
required	O
prolonged	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
(	O
median	O
duration	O
49	O
days	O
,	O
range	O
10	O
-	O
88	O
);	O
four	O
received	O
extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenation	B-PROC
and	O
one	O
received	O
low	O
-	O
flow	O
extracorporeal	O
CO	O
This	O
is	O
the	O
first	O
description	O
of	O
a	O
cohort	O
of	O
critical	O
patients	O
meeting	O
the	O
diagnostic	O
criteria	O
for	O
IPAF	O
presenting	O
with	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

As	O
part	O
of	O
a	O
bigger	O
study	O
investigating	O
pathogens	O
in	O
African	O
bats	B-SPEC
we	O
screened	O
animals	B-SPEC
for	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
known	O
and	O
unknown	O
viruses	B-SPEC
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
The	O
study	O
shows	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
a	O
coltivirus	B-SPEC
-	O
related	O
virus	B-SPEC
in	O
bats	B-SPEC
from	O
Sub	O
-	O
Sahara	O
Africa	O
.	O

Most	O
patients	O
received	O
NAIs	B-SPEC
and	O
85	O
.	O
9	O
%	O
received	O
antibiotics	B-CHED
.	O

Recombination	B-PROC
analyses	O
with	O
other	O
gammacoronaviruses	O
revealed	O
that	O
Polish	O
GI	O
-	O
23	O
strain	O
may	O
originate	O
from	O
recombination	O
events	O
and	O
potential	O
donors	O
of	O
build	O
-	O
in	O
sequences	O
are	O
IBV	B-SPEC
of	O
GI	O
-	O
1	O
,	O
GI	O
-	O
13	O
and	O
G	O
-	O
19	O
lineages	O
(	O
Mass	O
-,	O
793B	O
-	O
and	O
QX	O
-	O
like	O
strains	O
,	O
respectively	O
).	O

Leader	O
alterations	O
such	O
as	O
deletion	O
and	O
nucleotide	B-CHED
substitution	O
were	O
observed	O
in	O
MHVs	O
,	O
while	O
a	O
dynamic	O
one	O
-	O
orientation	O
'	O
sequential	O
deletion	O
'	O
was	O
found	O
among	O
the	O
leaders	O
of	O
76	O
SARS	O
-	O
CoV	O
isolates	O
.	O

As	O
part	O
of	O
its	O
viral	B-COMP
genome	I-COMP
,	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
encodes	O
a	O
papain	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
like	I-PRGE
protease	I-PRGE
(	O
PLpro	O
)	O
that	O
has	O
been	O
observed	O
to	O
act	O
as	O
a	O
deubiquitinase	B-PROC
and	O
deISGylase	O
to	O
antagonize	O
type	B-PRGE
I	I-PRGE
interferon	I-PRGE
(	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
I	I-PRGE
)	O
immune	O
pathways	B-PROC
.	O

UV	O
-	O
inactivated	O
IBV	B-SPEC
also	O
lost	B-CHED
the	O
ability	O
of	O
apoptosis	B-PROC
induction	I-PROC
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
In	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
we	O
developed	O
a	O
single	O
-	O
tube	O
one	O
-	O
step	O
reverse	O
transcription	O
loop	O
-	O
mediated	O
isothermal	O
amplification	B-DISO
(	O
RT	O
-	O
LAMP	O
)	O
assay	O
specific	O
for	O
nucleocapsid	B-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
to	O
diagnose	O
and	O
monitor	O
PDCoV	O
infections	B-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Avoidance	O
of	O
excessive	O
sedation	O
and	O
subsequent	O
prolonged	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
in	O
intensive	O
care	O
units	O
(	O
ICUs	O
)	O
is	O
recommended	O
,	O
but	O
no	O
data	O
are	O
available	O
for	O
critically	B-DISO
ill	I-DISO
postoperative	O
patients	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Maternal	O
hemorrhage	B-DISO
,	O
defined	O
as	O
a	O
cumulative	O
blood	O
loss	O
of	O
greater	O
than	O
or	O
equal	O
to	O
1	O
,	O
000	O
mL	O
or	O
blood	B-DISO
loss	I-DISO
accompanied	O
by	O
signs	O
or	O
symptoms	O
of	O
hypovolemia	O
within	O
24	O
hours	O
after	O
the	O
birth	B-PROC
process	O
,	O
remains	O
the	O
leading	O
cause	O
of	O
maternal	O
mortality	O
worldwide	O
(	O
1	O
).	O

Numerous	O
studies	O
on	O
the	O
molecular	O
and	O
pathogenic	O
characterization	O
of	O
IBV	B-SPEC
variants	O
have	O
been	O
performed	O
between	O
2007	O
and	O
2017	O
,	O
which	O
we	O
have	O
reviewed	O
herein	O
.	O

A	O
multispecialty	O
task	O
force	O
of	O
16	O
international	O
experts	O
in	O
critical	O
care	O
medicine	B-CHED
,	O
endocrinology	O
,	O
and	O
guideline	O
methods	O
,	O
all	O
of	O
them	O
members	O
of	O
the	O
Society	O
of	O
Critical	O
Care	O
Medicine	B-CHED
and	O
/	O
or	O
the	O
European	O
Society	O
of	O
Intensive	O
Care	O
Medicine	B-CHED
.	O

For	O
treatment	O
of	O
specific	O
conditions	O
,	O
we	O
suggest	O
using	O
IV	O
hydrocortisone	B-CHED
<	O
400	O
mg	O
/	O
day	O
for	O
≥	O
3	O
days	O
at	O
full	O
dose	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
septic	B-DISO
shock	I-DISO
that	O
is	O
not	O
responsive	O
to	O
fluid	O
and	O
moderate	O
-	O
to	O
high	O
-	O
dose	O
vasopressor	O
therapy	O
(	O
conditional	O
,	O
low	O
quality	O
of	O
evidence	O
).	O

We	O
suggest	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
IV	O
methylprednisolone	B-CHED
1	O
mg	O
/	O
kg	O
/	O
day	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
early	O
moderate	O
to	O
severe	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
PaO	B-PROC

We	O
describe	O
an	O
unusual	O
case	O
of	O
fulminant	O
herpes	B-DISO
zoster	I-DISO
(	O
HZ	O
)	O
in	O
a	O
healthy	O
,	O
immunocompetent	O
37	O
-	O
year	O
-	O
old	O
woman	O
.	O

Results	O
from	O
reverse	B-PROC
transcription	O
‑	O
quantitative	O
polymerase	O
chain	O
reaction	O
,	O
western	O
blotting	O
and	O
ELISA	O
analysis	O
demonstrated	O
that	O
calcitriol	O
also	O
modulated	O
the	O
expression	B-PROC
of	O
members	O
of	O
the	O
renin	B-PRGE
‑	I-PRGE
angiotensin	I-PRGE
system	I-PRGE
(	O
RAS	B-PRGE
),	O
including	O
angiotensin	B-CHED
(	O
Ang	O
)	O
I	O
‑	O
converting	O
enzymes	O
(	O
ACE	B-PRGE
and	O
ACE2	B-PRGE
),	O
renin	B-PRGE
and	O
Ang	B-PRGE
II	I-PRGE
,	O
which	O
indicates	O
that	O
calcitriol	B-CHED
may	O
exert	B-PROC
protective	O
effects	O
on	O
LPS	O
‑	O
induced	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
,	O
at	O
least	O
partially	O
,	O
by	O
regulating	O
the	O
balance	B-PROC
between	O
the	O
expression	B-PROC
of	O
members	O
of	O
the	O
RAS	B-CHED
.	O

To	O
develop	O
an	O
effective	O
bivalent	O
oral	B-ANAT
vaccine	O
against	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
and	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
,	O
the	O
D	O
antigenic	O
site	O
of	O
the	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
spike	O
(	O
S	O
)	O
protein	B-CHED
and	O
the	O
major	O
antigen	B-CHED
site	O
(	O
core	O
neutralizing	O
epitope	B-CHED
-	O
COE	O
)	O
of	O
the	O
PEDV	B-PRGE
S	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
were	O
used	O
as	O
immunogens	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
enhanced	B-PRGE
green	I-PRGE
fluorescent	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
(	O
eGFP	O
)	O
gene	O
was	O
used	O
as	O
a	O
reporter	O
to	O
construct	O
genetically	O
engineered	O

After	O
immunizing	O
BALB	O
/	O
c	O
mice	B-SPEC
intramuscularly	O
,	O
rH7HA	O
proteins	B-CHED
formulated	O
in	O
this	O
adjuvant	B-CHED
instead	O
of	O
an	O
alum	O
adjuvant	B-CHED
elicited	O
higher	O
IgG	B-PRGE
,	O
hemagglutination	B-PROC
-	O
inhibition	B-PROC
,	O
and	O
virus	B-SPEC
neutralizing	O
antibodies	B-COMP
in	O
sera	B-COMP
;	O
induced	O
higher	O
numbers	O
of	O
H7HA	O
-	O
specific	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
γ	I-PRGE
-	O
secreting	B-PROC
T	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
and	O
antibody	B-ANAT
secreting	B-PROC
cells	B-COMP
in	O
spleen	B-ANAT
;	O
and	O
provided	O
improved	O
protection	O
against	O
live	O
virus	B-SPEC
challenges	O
.	O

During	O
the	O
up	O
-	O
to	O
-	O
date	O
investigation	O
of	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
prevalence	O
in	O
Fujian	O
China	O
2016	O
,	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
was	O
identified	O
in	O
vaccinated	O
pig	B-SPEC
farms	O
suffering	B-DISO
severe	B-DISO
diarrhea	I-DISO
while	O
other	O
common	O
diarrhea	B-DISO
-	O
associated	O
pathogens	O
were	O
not	O
detected	O
.	O

Remarkably	O
,	O
the	O
natural	O
recombinant	O
HNQX	O
-	O
3	O
isolate	O
serves	O
as	O
a	O
parental	O
virus	B-SPEC
for	O
both	O
natural	O
recombinants	O
identified	O
in	O
this	O
study	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Prognostic	O
value	O
of	O
serum	B-COMP
zinc	B-CHED
levels	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
acute	O
HC	O
/	O
zinc	B-CHED
chloride	I-CHED
smoke	O
inhalation	B-PROC
.	O

The	O
aim	O
of	O
this	O
study	O
is	O
to	O
investigate	O
the	O
correlation	O
between	O
the	O
serum	B-COMP
zinc	B-CHED
in	O
patients	O
with	O
HC	O
/	O
ZnCl	O
smoke	O
inhalation	B-PROC
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
and	O
disease	O
severity	O
.	O

In	O
addition	O
,	O
the	O
serum	O
zinc	B-CHED
level	O
correlated	O
well	O
with	O
the	O
TLC	O
,	O
FVC	B-PROC
,	O
and	O
FEV1	O
(	O
r	O
=	O
-	O
0	O
.	O
587	O
,	O
-	O
0	O
.	O
626	O
,	O
-	O
0	O
.	O
617	O
,	O
respectively	O
;	O
P	O
=	O
.	O
027	O
,	O
.	O
017	O
,	O
.	O
019	O
,	O
respectively	O
).	O

Chest	B-ANAT
CT	O
scan	O
showed	O
diffuse	O
ground	O
-	O
glass	O
opacities	B-DISO
that	O
were	O
suggestive	O
of	O
alveolar	B-ANAT
hemorrhage	B-DISO
.	O

Recently	O
,	O
reverse	O
genetics	O
techniques	O
including	O
targeted	B-PROC
RNA	O
recombination	B-PROC
,	O
bacteria	B-SPEC
artificial	O
chromosome	B-COMP
system	O
and	O
in	O
vitro	O
ligation	O
have	O
been	O
successfully	O
used	O
to	O
manipulate	O
the	O
genome	O
of	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
,	O
which	O
providing	O
new	O
strategies	O
for	O
the	O
clear	O
delineation	O
of	O
the	O
functions	O
of	O
the	O
viral	O
proteins	B-CHED
,	O
the	O
mechanisms	O
behind	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
pathogenesis	B-DISO
and	O
the	O
design	O
of	O
novel	O
vaccines	O
against	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
We	O
previously	O
demonstrated	O
that	O
chickens	B-SPEC
primed	O
with	O
a	O
recombinant	O
Newcastle	B-SPEC
disease	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
LaSota	O
(	O
rLS	B-DISO
)	O
expressing	O
the	O
S2	B-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
of	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
IBV	B-SPEC
)	O
and	O
boosted	O
with	O
an	O
attenuated	O
IBV	B-SPEC
Massachusetts	O
(	O
Mass	O
)-	O
type	O
vaccine	O
were	O
protected	O
against	O
IBV	B-SPEC
Arkansas	O
(	O
Ark	O
)-	O
type	O
virulent	O
challenge	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
High	O
reproduction	B-PROC
number	O
of	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
in	O
nosocomial	O
outbreaks	O
:	O
mathematical	O
modelling	O
in	O
Saudi	O
Arabia	O
and	O
South	O
Korea	O
.	O

Lnc	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
IL7R	I-PRGE
plays	O
a	O
considerable	O
role	O
in	O
the	O
regulation	B-PROC
of	O
inflammation	B-DISO
,	O
but	O
its	O
prognostic	O
potential	O
in	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
has	O
not	O
been	O
fully	O
explained	O
.	O

In	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
the	O
role	O
of	O
lnc	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
IL7R	I-PRGE
as	O
a	O
potential	O
biomarker	B-CHED
in	O
ARDS	B-DISO
was	O
examined	O
.	O

The	O
area	O
under	O
the	O
curve	O
(	O
AUC	O
)	O
of	O
lnc	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
IL7R	I-PRGE
for	O
ARDS	B-DISO
diagnosis	O
was	O
0	O
.	O
87	O
(	O
sensitivity	O
75	O
.	O
3	O
%,	O
specificity	O
93	O
.	O
9	O
%).	O

Lnc	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
IL7R	I-PRGE
is	O
a	O
novel	O
biomarker	B-CHED
for	O
the	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
and	O
predicts	O
the	O
severity	O
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
and	O
28	O
-	O
day	O
mortality	O
in	O
this	O
patients	O
cohort	O
.	O

survivors	O
showed	O
higher	O
lnc	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
IL7R	I-PRGE
level	O
and	O
lower	O
APACHE	O
II	O
score	O
,	O
SOFA	O
score	O
and	O
length	O
of	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
than	O
in	O
the	O
non	O
-	O
survivors	O
(	O
P	O
=	O
.	O
0109	O
,	O
P	O
<	O
.	O
001	O
,	O
P	O
<	O
.	O
001	O
and	O
P	O
=	O
.	O
017	O
,	O
respectively	O
).	O

The	O
first	O
two	O
steps	O
consisted	O
of	O
a	O
randomized	O
order	B-SPEC
of	O
inspiratory	B-PROC
pauses	O
of	O
10	O
and	O
30	O
%	O
of	O
inspiratory	B-PROC
time	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Respiratory	B-PROC
mechanics	I-PROC
to	O
understand	O
ARDS	B-DISO
and	O
guide	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
.	O

On	O
the	O
other	O
hand	O
,	O
respiratory	B-PROC
mechanics	I-PROC
might	O
guide	O
protective	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
settings	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Host	B-COMP
-	O
Feeding	O
Patterns	O
of	O
Culex	B-SPEC
stigmatosoma	O
(	O
Diptera	B-SPEC
:	O
Culicidae	B-SPEC
)	O
in	O
Southern	O
California	B-SPEC
.	O

Early	O
diagnosis	O
and	O
management	O
of	O
preeclampsia	B-DISO
,	O
eclampsia	B-DISO
and	O
HELLP	B-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
are	O
critical	O
with	O
involvement	O
of	O
a	O
multidisciplinary	O
team	O
that	O
includes	O
Obstetrics	O
,	O
Maternal	O
Fetal	O
Medicine	B-CHED
and	O
Critical	O
Care	O
.	O

The	O
data	O
of	O
this	O
survey	O
also	O
provided	O
valuable	O
information	O
about	O
the	O
replication	O
of	O
IBD	B-DISO
vaccines	O
and	O
subsequent	O
infectious	B-SPEC
bursal	I-SPEC
disease	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
IBDV	B-SPEC
)	O
antibody	B-PROC
responses	I-PROC
under	O
field	O
conditions	O
.	O

The	O
Intraoperative	O
Norepinephrine	B-CHED
to	O
Control	O
Arterial	B-PROC
Pressure	I-PROC
(	O
INPRESS	O
)	O
study	O
was	O
a	O
multicenter	O
,	O
randomized	O
,	O
parallel	O
-	O
group	O
clinical	O
trial	O
conducted	O
in	O
9	O
French	O
university	O
and	O
nonuniversity	O
hospitals	O
.	O

Among	O
patients	O
predominantly	O
undergoing	O
abdominal	B-ANAT
surgery	O
who	O
were	O
at	O
increased	O
postoperative	O
risk	O
,	O
management	O
targeting	B-PROC
an	O
individualized	O
systolic	O
blood	B-PROC
pressure	I-PROC
,	O
compared	O
with	O
standard	O
management	O
,	O
reduced	O
the	O
risk	O
of	O
postoperative	O
organ	B-ANAT
dysfunction	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Effect	O
of	O
Lung	B-ANAT
Recruitment	B-DISO
and	O
Titrated	O
Positive	O
End	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
Expiratory	I-PROC
Pressure	O
(	O
PEEP	B-CHED
)	O
vs	O
Low	O
PEEP	B-CHED
on	O
Mortality	O
in	O
Patients	O
With	O
Acute	O
Respiratory	O
Distress	O
Syndrome	O
:	O
A	O
Randomized	O
Clinical	O
Trial	O
.	O

To	O
determine	O
if	O
lung	B-ANAT
recruitment	B-DISO
associated	O
with	O
PEEP	B-CHED
titration	O
according	O
to	O
the	O
best	O
respiratory	O
-	O
system	O
compliance	O
decreases	O
28	O
-	O
day	O
mortality	O
of	O
patients	O
with	O
moderate	O
to	O
severe	O
ARDS	B-DISO
compared	O
with	O
a	O
conventional	O
low	O
-	O
PEEP	B-CHED
strategy	O
.	O

An	O
experimental	O
strategy	O
with	O
a	O
lung	B-ANAT
recruitment	B-DISO
maneuver	O
and	O
PEEP	B-CHED
titration	O
according	O
to	O
the	O
best	O
respiratory	O
-	O
system	O
compliance	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
501	O
;	O
experimental	O
group	O
)	O
or	O
a	O
control	O
strategy	O
of	O
low	O
PEEP	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
509	O
).	O

Alternatively	O
,	O
a	O
3D	O
structure	O
can	O
be	O
defined	O
by	O
incorporating	O
a	O
multivalent	O
cross	O
-	O
linking	O
agent	O
,	O
and	O
this	O
approach	O
has	O
been	O
successfully	O
developed	O
for	O
the	O
selection	O
of	O
bicyclic	O
peptides	B-CHED
from	O
large	O
random	O
-	O
sequence	O
libraries	O
.	O

The	O
designed	O
CovCore	O
proteins	B-CHED
were	O
prepared	O
by	O
chemical	O
synthesis	B-PROC
,	O
and	O
their	O
structures	O
were	O
determined	O
by	O
solution	O
NMR	O
or	O
X	O
-	O
ray	O
crystallography	O
.	O

A	O
qualitative	O
comparative	O
case	O
study	O
approach	O
was	O
employed	O
in	O
the	O
present	O
study	O
,	O
using	O
a	O
set	O
of	O
8	O
risk	O
communication	O
principles	O
selected	O
from	O
international	O
literature	O
to	O
suit	O
the	O
Chinese	O
context	O
for	O
the	O
comparative	O
analysis	O
of	O
emergency	B-DISO
responses	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
and	O
H7N9	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
This	O
report	O
aimed	O
to	O
describe	O
the	O
outcomes	O
of	O
the	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
H1N1	O
associated	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
who	O
were	O
treated	O
with	O
extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenation	B-PROC
therapy	O
.	O

Seven	O
patients	O
were	O
transferred	O
to	O
our	O
center	O
for	O
extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenation	B-PROC
consideration	O
(	O
all	O
within	O
72	O
hours	O
of	O
initiating	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
).	O

Neuroprotective	O
ventilation	O
was	O
impossible	O
without	O
supramaximal	O
tidal	O
volumes	O
due	O
to	O
a	O
combination	O
of	O
chest	B-ANAT
trauma	O
and	O
severe	O
bronchospasm	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
resulting	O
reporter	O
virus	B-SPEC
achieved	O
titres	O
nearly	O
identical	O
to	O
the	O
wild	O
-	O
type	O
virus	B-SPEC
48	O
h	O
after	O
infection	B-DISO
of	O
Vero	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
at	O
m	O
.	O
o	O
.	O
i	O
.	O

No	O
pigs	B-SPEC
in	O
the	O
PC21A	O
-	O
group	O
developed	O
diarrhea	B-DISO
,	O
whereas	O
81	O
and	O
100	O
%	O
of	O
pigs	B-SPEC
in	O
the	O
S	O
-	O
INDEL	B-PROC
and	O
mock	O
-	O
groups	O
had	O
diarrhea	B-DISO
post	O
challenge	O
,	O
respectively	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Disruption	O
of	O
the	O
endothelial	B-ANAT
glycocalyx	B-COMP
contributes	O
to	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
in	O
experimental	O
sepsis	B-DISO
but	O
has	O
not	O
been	O
well	O
studied	O
in	O
humans	B-SPEC
.	O

A	O
self	O
-	O
administered	O
questionnaire	O
was	O
designed	O
based	O
on	O
modifications	O
of	O
related	O
questionnaires	O
,	O
and	O
used	O
to	O
assess	O
levels	O
of	O
stress	O
,	O
professionalism	O
,	O
and	O
nursing	B-PROC
intention	O
according	O
to	O
participants	O
'	O
experiences	O
during	O
the	O
outbreak	O
.	O

Bovine	B-SPEC
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
BCoV	B-SPEC
)	O
is	O
antigenically	O
related	O
to	O
ECoV	O
;	O
it	O
is	O
therefore	O
possible	O
that	O
BCoV	B-SPEC
vaccine	O
will	O
induce	O
antibodies	B-COMP
against	O
ECoV	O
in	O
horses	B-SPEC
.	O

The	O
latter	O
situation	O
may	O
lead	O
to	O
1	O
)	O
diagnostic	O
problems	O
during	O
the	O
nonepidemic	O
season	O
or	O
in	O
places	O
where	O
diagnostic	O
techniques	O
are	O
lacking	O
and	O
2	O
)	O
therapeutic	O
difficulties	O
resulting	O
from	O
the	O
unavailability	O
of	O
techniques	O
for	O
the	O
management	O
of	O
severe	O
influenza	B-PATH
infection	B-DISO
in	O
tourist	O
areas	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Increased	O
Mortality	O
in	O
Seasonal	O
H3N2	B-CHED
Patients	O
Compared	O
with	O
those	O
with	O
Pandemic	O
2009	O
H1N1	O
in	O
Taiwan	O
,	O
2009	O
-	O
2010	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
We	O
conducted	O
a	O
retrospective	O
study	O
to	O
compare	O
clinical	O
and	O
laboratory	O
findings	O
between	O
1	O
)	O
severe	O
influenza	O
A	O
and	O
mild	O
influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
and	O
2	O
)	O
pandemic	O
2009	O
H1N1	O
(	O
pdm09	O
A	O
/	O
H1	O
)	O
and	O
seasonal	O
H3N2	B-CHED
(	O
A	O
/	O
H3	O
)	O
from	O
2009	O
to	O
2010	O
.	O

The	O
SIRS	B-DISO
response	O
in	O
polytraumatized	O
children	O
is	O
poorly	O
understood	O
.	O

Experimental	O
results	O
show	O
that	O
diphyllin	O
dose	O
-	O
dependently	O
inhibits	O
endosomal	O
acidification	B-PROC
in	O
fcwf	O
-	O
4	O
cells	B-COMP
,	O
alters	O
the	O
cellular	B-COMP
susceptibility	O
to	O
FIPV	O
,	O
and	O
inhibits	O
the	O
downstream	O
virus	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Quaternized	O
chitosan	B-CHED
nanoparticles	B-CHED
loaded	O
with	O
the	O
combined	O
attenuated	O
live	O
vaccine	O
against	O
Newcastle	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
and	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
elicit	O
immune	B-PROC
response	I-PROC
in	O
chicken	B-SPEC
after	O
intranasal	O
administration	O
.	O

This	O
is	O
the	O
first	O
study	O
in	O
the	O
field	O
of	O
animal	B-SPEC
vaccines	O
demonstrating	O
that	O
intranasal	O
administration	O
of	O
chickens	B-SPEC
with	O
antigens	B-CHED
(	O
NDV	B-SPEC
and	O
IBV	B-SPEC
)	O
encapsulated	O
with	O
chitosan	B-CHED
derivative	O
could	O
induce	O
humoral	O
,	O
cellular	B-COMP
,	O
and	O
mucosal	B-PROC
immune	I-PROC
responses	I-PROC
,	O
which	O
protected	O
chickens	B-SPEC
from	O
the	O
infection	B-DISO
of	O
highly	O
virulent	O
NDV	B-SPEC
and	O
IBV	B-SPEC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Much	O
concern	O
has	O
arisen	O
regarding	O
serious	O
epidemics	O
due	O
to	O
the	O
Middle	O
East	O
Respiratory	O
Syndrome	B-DISO
(	O
MERS	O
)	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
.	O

During	O
2013	O
-	O
2016	O
,	O
a	O
total	O
of	O
42351	O
throat	B-ANAT
swabs	O
were	O
examined	O
for	O
presence	O
of	O
influenza	B-SPEC
viruses	I-SPEC
and	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
in	O
Iranian	O
general	O
population	O
and	O
pilgrims	O
returning	O
from	O
Mecca	O
and	O
Karbala	O
with	O
SARI	O
by	O
using	O
one	O
step	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
kit	B-FUNC
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
This	O
study	O
showed	O
the	O
prevalence	O
of	O
influenza	B-DISO
infections	B-DISO
among	O
Iranian	O
pilgrims	O
and	O
general	O
population	O
and	O
suggests	O
continuing	O
surveillance	O
,	O
infection	B-DISO
control	O
and	O
appropriate	O
vaccination	O
especially	O
nowadays	O
that	O
the	O
risk	O
of	O
influenza	B-DISO
pandemic	O
threatens	O
the	O
world	O
,	O
meanwhile	O
accurate	O
screening	O
for	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
is	O
also	O
recommended	O
.	O

Thus	O
,	O
admitted	O
patients	O
are	O
potentially	O
manageable	O
with	O
Oseltamivir	B-CHED
or	O
Zanamivir	B-CHED
therapy	O
.	O

Patients	O
develop	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
edema	I-DISO
with	O
hemorrhages	B-DISO
and	O
leukocyte	B-ANAT
extravasation	B-DISO
in	O
the	O
lungs	B-ANAT
.	O

Lung	B-ANAT
Microbiota	B-SPEC
Is	O
Related	O
to	O
Smoking	O
Status	O
and	O
to	O
Development	B-PROC
of	O
Acute	B-DISO
Respiratory	I-DISO
Distress	I-DISO
Syndrome	I-DISO
in	O
Critically	B-DISO
Ill	I-DISO
Trauma	O
Patients	O
.	O

To	O
determine	O
whether	O
cigarette	O
smoking	O
contributes	O
to	O
ARDS	B-DISO
development	B-PROC
after	O
trauma	O
by	O
altering	O
community	O
composition	O
of	O
the	O
lung	B-ANAT
microbiota	B-SPEC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Spike	B-PRGE
(	I-PRGE
S	I-PRGE
)	I-PRGE
glycoprotein	I-PRGE
on	O
the	O
viral	B-COMP
envelope	I-COMP
is	O
the	O
main	O
determinant	O
of	O
infectivity	O
.	O

Among	O
these	O
sites	O
,	O
8	O
sites	O
were	O
confirmed	O
in	O
the	O
S	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
extracted	O
from	O
partially	O
purified	O
virus	B-COMP
particles	I-COMP
by	O
proteomics	O
approaches	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Coronavirus	B-SPEC
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
non	O
-	O
structural	O
proteins	B-CHED
8	O
and	O
12	O
form	O
stable	O
complex	O
independent	O
of	O
the	O
non	O
-	O
translated	O
regions	O
of	O
viral	O
RNA	O
and	O
other	O
viral	O
proteins	O
.	O

Influenza	B-DISO
vaccine	O
utilizing	O
the	O
2016	O
(	O
Southern	O
Hemisphere	O
vaccine	O
to	O
all	O
pilgrims	O
)	O
was	O
recommended	O
but	O
was	O
not	O
obligatory	O
for	O
pilgrims	O
.	O

One	O
or	O
more	O
respiratory	O
viruses	B-SPEC
were	O
detected	O
in	O
172	O
(	O
46	O
.	O
6	O
%)	O
cases	O
and	O
their	O
prevalence	O
were	O
influenza	B-SPEC
A	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
19	O
.	O
2	O
%),	O
adenovirus	B-DISO
(	O
8	O
.	O
7	O
%),	O
human	B-SPEC
rhinovirus	I-SPEC
A	I-SPEC
(	O
7	O
.	O
9	O
%),	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
OC43	O
(	O
4	O
.	O
3	O
%),	O
parainfluenza	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
1	O
(	O
2	O
.	O
7	O
%),	O
parainfluenza	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
3	O
(	O
2	O
.	O
7	O
%),	O
influenza	B-SPEC
B	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
2	O
.	O
2	O
%),	O
respiratory	B-SPEC
syncytial	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
B	O
(	O
2	O
.	O
2	O
%),	O
human	B-SPEC
metapneumovirus	I-SPEC
(	O
1	O
.	O
4	O
%),	O
respiratory	B-SPEC
syncytial	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
A	O
(	O
1	O
.	O
1	O
%),	O
parainfluenza	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
2	O
(	O
0	O
.	O
5	O
%)	O
and	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
229E	O
(	O
0	O
.	O
5	O
%).	O

These	O
results	O
are	O
useful	O
in	O
order	B-SPEC
to	O
guide	O
future	O
surveillance	O
and	O
case	O
management	O
strategies	O
involving	O
respiratory	O
illnesses	O
in	O
Uganda	O
.	O

Increased	O
probability	O
of	O
direct	O
,	O
human	B-SPEC
-	O
to	O
-	O
human	B-SPEC
transmission	O
due	O
to	O
clinical	O
manifestations	O
associated	O
with	O
death	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
indirect	O
transmission	O
via	O
environmental	O
contamination	O
(	O
e	O
.	O
g	O
.,	O
fomites	O
and	O
indoor	O
ventilation	O
systems	O
),	O
may	O
serve	O
as	O
mechanistic	O
explanations	O
for	O
nosocomial	O
amplification	B-DISO
of	O
MERS	O
-	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
in	O
South	O
Korea	O
.	O

Medications	O
administered	O
(	O
sedative	B-CHED
,	O
analgesic	B-CHED
,	O
paralytic	O
,	O
and	O
antipsychotic	O
),	O
sedation	B-DISO
depth	O
(	O
Sedation	B-DISO
Agitation	B-DISO
Scale	O
[	O
SAS	O
]	O
score	O
)	O
delirium	B-DISO
assessments	O
,	O
and	O
mobilization	O
were	O
recorded	O
daily	O
.	O

These	O
processes	O
all	O
have	O
a	O
redox	B-PROC
component	O
,	O
and	O
this	O
chapter	O
focuses	O
on	O
the	O
role	O
played	O
by	O
ROS	B-CHED
during	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
ALI	O
/	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
The	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
Fusion	O
Peptide	B-CHED
Forms	O
an	O
Extended	O
Bipartite	O
Fusion	O
Platform	O
that	O
Perturbs	O
Membrane	B-ANAT
Order	B-SPEC
in	O
a	O
Calcium	B-CHED
-	O
Dependent	O
Manner	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
S	O
proteins	B-CHED
have	O
two	O
distinct	O
cleavage	B-PROC
sites	O
that	O
can	O
be	O
activated	O
by	O
a	O
much	O
wider	O
range	O
of	O
proteases	O
.	O

Recently	O
,	O
RVD	B-PROC
has	O
been	O
suggested	O
to	O
play	O
a	O
role	O
in	O
the	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
of	O
runting	O
and	O
stunting	O
syndrome	B-DISO
(	O
RSS	B-DISO
),	O
alongside	O
other	O
viruses	B-SPEC
such	O
as	O
reovirus	B-SPEC
,	O
astrovirus	O
,	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
,	O
and	O
others	O
,	O
all	O
of	O
which	O
cause	O
colossal	O
economic	O
losses	O
to	O
the	O
poultry	O
industry	O
.	O

Our	O
results	O
showed	O
that	O
the	O
HA7	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
binding	I-PRGE
antibody	B-COMP
was	O
generated	O
earlier	O
than	O
the	O
neutralizing	O
antibody	B-COMP
.	O

A	O
Systematic	O
Review	O
and	O
Meta	B-SPEC
-	O
Analysis	O
.	O

Determining	O
a	O
correlation	O
between	O
the	O
viruses	B-SPEC
and	O
IPF	O
is	O
not	O
an	O
easy	O
task	O
,	O
and	O
therefore	O
,	O
this	O
will	O
require	O
more	O
research	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Bilateral	O
acute	O
iris	B-SPEC
transillumination	O
(	O
BAIT	O
)	O
is	O
a	O
poorly	O
-	O
understood	O
ocular	B-PROC
syndrome	B-DISO
in	O
which	O
patients	O
present	O
with	O
acute	B-DISO
iridocyclitis	I-DISO
and	O
pigmentary	O
dispersion	O
with	O
or	O
without	O
ocular	B-DISO
hypertension	I-DISO
.	O

The	O
etiology	O
of	O
the	O
disease	O
remains	O
unknown	O
,	O
though	O
recent	O
reports	O
suggest	O
an	O
antecedent	O
upper	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
tract	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
or	O
systemic	O
antibiotic	B-CHED
administration	O
may	O
trigger	O
the	O
clinical	O
syndrome	B-DISO
.	O

Ophthalmologists	O
should	O
remain	O
aware	O
of	O
the	O
association	O
between	O
systemic	O
fluoroquinolones	O
and	O
acute	O
pigmentary	O
dispersion	O
that	O
can	O
progress	O
to	O
glaucoma	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
Trabectome	O
remains	O
a	O
viable	O
option	O
for	O
management	O
of	O
pigmentary	O
and	O
uveitic	B-DISO
glaucoma	I-DISO
resistant	O
to	O
medical	O
treatment	O
.	O

PdCoV	O
spike	O
possesses	B-DISO
several	O
structural	O
features	O
that	O
may	O
facilitate	O
immune	B-PROC
evasion	I-PROC
by	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
,	O
such	O
as	O
its	O
compact	O
structure	O
,	O
concealed	O
receptor	O
-	O
binding	B-FUNC
sites	O
,	O
and	O
shielded	O
critical	O
epitopes	O
.	O

Overall	O
,	O
this	O
study	O
reveals	O
that	O
deltacoronavirus	O
spikes	O
are	O
structurally	O
and	O
evolutionally	O
more	O
closely	O
related	O
to	O
alphacoronavirus	B-SPEC
spikes	O
than	O
to	O
betacoronavirus	B-SPEC
spikes	O
;	O
it	O
also	O
has	O
implications	O
for	O
the	O
receptor	O
recognition	O
,	O
membrane	B-PROC
fusion	I-PROC
,	O
and	O
immune	B-PROC
evasion	I-PROC
by	O
deltacoronaviruses	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
coronaviruses	O
in	O
general	O
.	O

This	O
is	O
the	O
first	O
atomic	O
structure	O
of	O
a	O
spike	O
protein	B-CHED
from	O
the	O
deltacoronavirus	O
genus	B-SPEC
,	O
which	O
is	O
divergent	O
in	O
amino	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
sequences	O
from	O
the	O
well	O
-	O
studied	O
alpha	O
-	O
and	O
betacoronavirus	B-SPEC
spike	O
proteins	B-CHED
.	O

Based	O
on	O
the	O
structures	O
and	O
functions	O
of	O
these	O
structural	O
elements	O
,	O
we	O
discussed	O
the	O
evolution	B-PROC
of	O
PdCoV	B-PRGE
spike	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
in	O
relation	O
to	O
the	O
spike	O
proteins	B-CHED
from	O
other	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
genera	O
.	O

We	O
also	O
biochemically	O
characterized	O
the	O
molecular	O
events	O
associated	O
with	O
refolding	O
of	O
the	O
metastable	O
prefusion	O
S	O
glycoprotein	B-CHED
to	O
the	O
postfusion	O
conformation	O
using	O
limited	O
proteolysis	B-PROC
,	O
mass	O
spectrometry	O
,	O
and	O
single	O
-	O
particle	O
EM	O
.	O

We	O
aimed	O
to	O
identify	O
characteristics	O
associated	O
with	O
severe	O
renal	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
(	O
Kidney	B-DISO
Disease	I-DISO
Improving	O
Global	O
Outcome	O
(	O
KDIGO	O
)	O
3	O
)	O
and	O
its	O
impact	O
on	O
3	O
-	O
month	O
outcome	O
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
KDIGO	O
3	O
AKI	O
occurrence	O
is	O
correlated	O
with	O
the	O
severity	O
of	O
patients	O
'	O
clinical	O
condition	B-DISO
prior	O
to	O
ECMO	O
insertion	O
and	O
is	O
negatively	O
associated	O
with	O
90	O
-	O
day	O
survival	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Porcine	B-SPEC
epidemic	I-SPEC
diarrhea	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
strains	O
from	O
the	O
G1b	O
cluster	O
are	O
considered	O
less	O
pathogenic	O
compared	O
to	O
the	O
G2b	O
cluster	O
.	O

The	O
oral	B-ANAT
,	O
but	O
not	O
the	O
intramuscular	O
,	O
experimental	O
G1b	O
-	O
based	O
live	O
virus	B-SPEC
exposure	O
induced	O
a	O
high	O
anti	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
PEDV	I-PRGE
IgA	I-PRGE
response	O
prior	O
to	O
challenge	O
,	O
which	O
apparently	O
did	O
not	O
impact	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
shedding	O
compared	O
to	O
POS	O
-	O
CONTROL	O
pigs	B-SPEC
.	O

Sepsis	B-DISO
-	O
related	O
ARDS	B-DISO
patients	O
have	O
significantly	O
lower	O
PaO2	O
/	O
FiO2	O
ratios	O
than	O
patients	O
with	O
non	O
-	O
sepsis	B-DISO
-	O
related	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

Clinical	O
outcomes	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
sepsis	B-DISO
-	O
related	O
ARDS	B-DISO
are	O
also	O
worse	O
,	O
associated	O
with	O
significantly	O
higher	O
28	O
-	O
day	O
and	O
60	O
-	O
day	O
mortality	O
rates	O
(	O
31	O
.	O
1	O
%	O
vs	O
.	O
16	O
.	O
3	O
%	O
and	O
38	O
.	O
2	O
%	O
vs	O
.	O
22	O
.	O
6	O
%,	O
respectively	O
).	O

It	O
is	O
extremely	O
important	O
to	O
optimally	O
adjust	O
ventilator	O
setting	O
to	O
current	O
condition	B-DISO
of	O
lungs	B-ANAT
,	O
while	O
providing	O
all	O
other	O
therapeutic	O
measures	O
in	O
the	O
treatment	O
of	O
sepsis	B-DISO
,	I-DISO
severe	I-DISO
sepsis	B-DISO
and	O
septic	O
shock	O
.	O

Ventilator	O
modes	O
and	O
adequate	O
positive	O
end	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
expiratory	I-PROC
pressure	O
(	O
PEEP	B-CHED
)	O
settings	O
play	O
a	O
major	O
role	O
in	O
these	O
strategies	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
IBV	B-SPEC
)	O
is	O
a	O
great	O
economic	O
burden	O
both	O
for	O
productive	O
losses	O
and	O
costs	O
of	O
the	O
control	O
strategies	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Reference	O
gene	O
selection	O
for	O
gene	B-PROC
expression	I-PROC
study	O
in	O
shell	B-ANAT
gland	I-ANAT
and	O
spleen	B-ANAT
of	O
laying	O
hens	O
challenged	O
with	O
infectious	O
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
.	O

Validation	O
studies	O
showed	O
that	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
the	O
two	O
most	O
stable	O
reference	O
genes	O
produced	O
accurate	O
and	O
more	O
robust	O
gene	B-PROC
expression	I-PROC
data	O
.	O

ChAd	O
vectors	O
are	O
safe	O
and	O
induce	O
antigen	B-CHED
-	O
specific	O
cellular	B-COMP
and	O
humoral	B-PROC
immunity	I-PROC
in	O
all	O
age	O
groups	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
circumventing	O
the	O
problem	O
of	O
pre	O
-	O
existing	O
immunity	B-PROC
encountered	O
with	O
human	B-SPEC
Ad	O
vectors	O
.	O

Significant	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
6	I-FUNC
elimination	B-PROC
,	O
averaging	O
between	O
5	O
and	O
18	O
%	O
per	O
blood	B-ANAT
pass	O
throughout	O
the	O
entire	O
treatment	O
period	O
was	O
recorded	O
.	O

The	O
proportion	O
of	O
patients	O
receiving	O
renal	B-ANAT
replacement	O
therapy	O
at	O
the	O
time	O
of	O
enrollment	O
was	O
higher	O
in	O
the	O
treatment	O
group	O
(	O
31	O
.	O
9	O
%)	O
when	O
compared	O
to	O
the	O
control	O
group	O
(	O
16	O
.	O
3	O
%).	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Attachment	O
to	O
cellular	O
surfaces	O
is	O
a	O
major	O
attribute	O
among	O
infectious	B-DISO
pathogens	O
for	O
initiating	O
disease	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
resulting	O
nanoparticles	B-CHED
possess	B-DISO
a	O
distinctive	O
membrane	B-COMP
corona	B-CHED
,	O
a	O
sialylated	O
surface	O
,	O
and	O
form	O
colloidally	O
stable	O
clusters	O
with	O
influenza	B-SPEC
viruses	I-SPEC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Follow	O
-	O
up	O
chest	B-ANAT
radiographic	O
findings	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
after	O
recovery	O
.	O

Among	O
the	O
patients	O
with	O
abnormal	O
chest	B-ANAT
radiographs	O
(	O
13	O
/	O
36	O
,	O
36	O
%),	O
the	O
following	O
were	O
found	O
:	O
lung	B-DISO
fibrosis	I-DISO
in	O
12	O
(	O
33	O
%)	O
patients	O
GGO	O
in	O
2	O
(	O
5	O
.	O
5	O
%)	O
patients	O
,	O
and	O
pleural	B-DISO
thickening	I-DISO
in	O
2	O
(	O
5	O
.	O
5	O
%)	O
patients	O
.	O

The	O
retrospective	O
study	O
was	O
performed	O
including	O
a	O
total	O
of	O
37	O
post	O
-	O
SARS	B-DISO
ONFH	O
patients	O
(	O
66	O
hip	B-ANAT
joints	I-ANAT
)	O
in	O
the	O
Department	O
of	O
Orthopedics	O
of	O
the	O
General	O
Hospital	O
of	O
Tianjin	O
Medical	O
University	O
between	O
November	O
2003	O
and	O
November	O
2015	O
,	O
consisting	O
of	O
6	O
males	O
(	O
11	O
hip	B-ANAT
joints	I-ANAT
)	O
and	O
31	O
females	O
(	O
55	O
hip	B-ANAT
joints	I-ANAT
),	O
with	O
age	O
between	O
19	O
and	O
47	O
years	O
(	O
average	O
29	O
.	O
9	O
years	O
).	O

Flushing	B-DISO
animal	B-SPEC
food	O
-	O
contact	O
surfaces	O
with	O
low	O
-	O
risk	O
feed	O
is	O
commonly	O
used	O
to	O
reduce	O
cross	O
-	O
contamination	O
in	O
animal	B-SPEC
feed	O
manufacturing	O
.	O

A	O
bioassay	O
to	O
test	O
infectivity	O
of	O
dust	O
from	O
animal	B-SPEC
food	O
-	O
contact	O
surfaces	O
failed	O
to	O
produce	O
infectivity	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Despite	O
advancements	O
in	O
ventilator	O
technologies	O
,	O
lung	O
supportive	O
and	O
rescue	O
therapies	O
,	O
the	O
outcome	O
and	O
prognostication	O
in	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
remains	O
incremental	O
and	O
ambiguous	O
.	O

In	O
our	O
study	O
patients	O
diagnosed	O
with	O
mild	O
and	O
moderate	O
/	O
severe	O
ARDS	B-DISO
clinically	O
governed	O
by	O
hypoxemic	O
P	O
/	O
F	O
ratio	O
between	O
100	O
-	O
300	O
but	O
with	O
indistinct	O
molecular	O
phenotype	O
were	O
discriminated	O
employing	O
nuclear	O
magnetic	O
resonance	O
(	O
NMR	O
)	O
based	O
metabolomics	O
of	O
mini	O
bronchoalveolar	B-ANAT
lavage	I-ANAT
fluid	I-ANAT
(	O
mBALF	O
).	O

Resulting	O
biomarker	B-CHED
prototype	O
comprising	O
six	O
metabolites	B-CHED
was	O
substantiated	O
highlighting	O
ARDS	B-DISO
susceptibility	O
/	O
recovery	O
.	O

In	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
we	O
successfully	O
isolated	O
and	O
attenuated	O
the	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
epidemic	O
strain	O
Zhejiang08	O
,	O
which	O
was	O
characterized	O
by	O
good	O
cell	B-COMP
adaptation	B-PROC
and	O
high	O
-	O
titer	O
production	O
48	O
h	O
post	O
infection	B-DISO
in	O
Vero	O
E6	O
cells	B-COMP
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Outbreaks	O
of	O
diarrhea	O
in	O
newborn	O
piglets	O
without	O
detection	O
of	O
transmissible	O
gastroenteritis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
),	O
porcine	B-SPEC
epidemic	I-SPEC
diarrhea	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
)	O
and	O
porcine	B-SPEC
deltacoronavirus	O
(	O
PDCoV	O
),	O
have	O
been	O
recorded	O
in	O
a	O
pig	B-SPEC
farm	O
in	O
southern	O
China	O
since	O
February	O
2017	O
.	O

Complete	O
genomic	O
sequencing	O
and	O
analyses	O
of	O
SeACoV	O
indicated	O
that	O
the	O
extreme	O
amino	O
-	O
terminal	O
domain	O
of	O
the	O
SeACoV	O
spike	O
(	O
S	O
)	O
glycoprotein	O
structurally	O
similar	O
to	O
the	O
domain	O
0	O
of	O
the	O
alphacoronavirus	B-SPEC
NL63	O
,	O
whereas	O
the	O
rest	B-FUNC
part	O
of	O
S	O
structurally	O
resembles	O
domains	O
B	O
to	O
D	O
of	O
the	O
betacoronavirus	B-SPEC
.	O

These	O
results	O
confirmed	O
that	O
it	O
is	O
a	O
novel	O
swine	B-SPEC
enteric	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
representing	O
the	O
fifth	O
porcine	B-SPEC
coronavirus	B-SPEC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Effects	O
of	O
porcine	B-SPEC
epidemic	I-SPEC
diarrhea	I-SPEC
virus	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
on	O
nursery	O
pig	B-SPEC
intestinal	B-ANAT
function	O
and	O
barrier	O
integrity	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
pig	O
intestinal	B-ANAT
epithelium	I-ANAT
can	O
be	O
compromised	O
by	O
pathogens	O
leading	O
to	O
reduced	O
integrity	O
and	O
function	O
.	O

Porcine	B-SPEC
epidemic	I-SPEC
diarrhea	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
),	O
recently	O
detected	O
in	O
North	O
America	O
,	O
exemplifies	O
intestinal	B-ANAT
epithelial	O
insult	O
.	O

Fifty	O
recently	O
-	O
weaned	B-PROC
,	O
5	O
-	O
week	O
-	O
old	O
barrows	O
and	O
gilts	O
(	O
BW	O
=	O
9	O
.	O
92	O
±	O
0	O
.	O
49kg	O
)	O
were	O
sorted	B-PROC
based	O
on	O
body	B-ANAT
weight	O
(	O
BW	O
)	O
and	O
sex	O
into	O
two	O
treatments	O
:	O
1	O
)	O
Control	O
or	O
2	O
)	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
inoculated	O
.	O

At	O
2	O
,	O
5	O
,	O
7	O
,	O
and	O
14days	O
post	O
inoculation	O
(	O
dpi	O
),	O
4	O
pigs	B-SPEC
per	O
treatment	O
were	O
euthanized	O
and	O
jejunum	B-ANAT
sections	O
collected	O
.	O

PEDV	B-PRGE
antigen	B-CHED
was	O
detected	O
in	O
inoculated	O
pigs	B-SPEC
by	O
immunohistochemistry	O
in	O
50	O
%	O
(	O
2	O
/	O
4	O
)	O
at	O
dpi	O
2	O
,	O
100	O
%	O
(	O
4	O
/	O
4	O
)	O
at	O
dpi	O
5	O
,	O
and	O
none	O
at	O
later	O
time	O
points	O
.	O

Collectively	O
,	O
these	O
data	O
reveal	O
that	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
results	O
in	O
time	O
-	O
dependent	O
changes	O
not	O
only	O
in	O
intestinal	B-ANAT
morphology	O
but	O
also	O
barrier	O
integrity	O
and	O
function	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Genetic	O
and	O
biological	O
characterization	O
of	O
a	O
Porcine	B-DISO
Reproductive	I-DISO
and	I-DISO
Respiratory	I-DISO
Syndrome	I-DISO
Virus	I-SPEC
2	O
(	O
PRRSV	O
-	O
2	O
)	O
causing	O
significant	O
clinical	O
disease	O
in	O
the	O
field	O
.	O

Due	O
to	O
the	O
clinical	O
observations	O
of	O
reproductive	B-PROC
failure	O
in	O
sows	O
and	O
high	O
mortality	O
in	O
piglets	O
,	O
it	O
was	O
speculated	O
that	O
a	O
new	O
,	O
more	O
pathogenic	O
or	O
vaccine	O
evading	O
PRRSV	B-SPEC
strain	O
had	O
emerged	O
in	O
Denmark	O
.	O

Complete	O
genome	O
sequencing	O
of	O
isolates	O
from	O
this	O
herd	O
revealed	O
that	O
although	O
the	O
case	O
strain	O
had	O
some	O
unique	O
genetic	O
features	O
including	O
a	O
deduced	O
3	O
amino	O
acid	O
deletion	O
,	O
it	O
was	O
in	O
overall	O
very	O
similar	O
to	O
the	O
other	O
PRRS	B-DISO
-	O
2	O
viruses	B-SPEC
circulating	O
in	O
Denmark	O
.	O

Fibrinous	O
bronchopneumonia	B-DISO
was	O
diagnosed	O
in	O
one	O
steer	O
that	O
died	B-PROC
;	O
samples	O
were	O
positive	O
for	O
H	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
somni	I-SPEC
and	O
M	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
haemolytica	I-SPEC
by	O
PCR	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
major	O
internal	O
component	O
of	O
the	O
HIV	B-DISO
virion	B-COMP
core	O
is	O
the	O
nucleocapsid	B-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
7	I-PRGE
(	O
NCp7	O
),	O
a	O
small	O
,	O
highly	O
basic	O
protein	B-CHED
that	O
is	O
essential	O
for	O
multiple	O
stages	O
of	O
the	O
viral	O
replicative	O
cycle	O
,	O
and	O
whose	O
structure	O
is	O
preserved	O
in	O
all	O
viral	O
strains	O
,	O
including	O
clinical	O
isolates	O
from	O
therapy	O
-	O
experienced	O
patients	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Exacerbation	O
of	O
macrophage	O
-	O
mediated	O
inflammation	B-DISO
contributes	O
to	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
of	O
various	O
inflammatory	O
diseases	O
,	O
but	O
the	O
immunometabolic	O
programs	O
underlying	O
regulation	B-PROC
of	I-PROC
macrophage	I-PROC
activation	I-PROC
are	O
unclear	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Intra	O
-	O
vitam	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
feline	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
peritonitis	I-DISO
(	O
FIP	B-DISO
)	O
is	O
a	O
challenge	O
for	O
veterinary	O
diagnosticians	O
,	O
since	O
there	O
are	O
no	O
highly	O
specific	O
and	O
sensitive	O
assays	O
currently	O
available	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
CoV	O
)	O
RNA	O
genome	O
is	O
the	O
largest	O
among	O
the	O
single	O
-	O
stranded	O
positive	O
-	O
sense	B-PROC
RNA	O
viruses	B-SPEC
.	O

We	O
constructed	O
a	O
recombinant	O
adenovirus	B-DISO
that	O
simultaneously	O
expresses	O
the	O
S1	B-PRGE
spike	I-PRGE
glycoprotein	I-PRGE
of	O
IBV	B-SPEC
and	O
the	O
TM	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
of	O
MG	O
(	O
pBH	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
S1	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
TM	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
EGFP	I-PRGE
).	O

Groups	O
of	O
seven	O
-	O
day	O
-	O
old	O
specific	O
pathogen	O
free	O
chicks	O
were	O
immunized	O
twice	O
,	O
two	O
weeks	O
apart	O
,	O
via	O
the	O
oculonasal	O
route	O
with	O
the	O
pBH	O
-	O
S1	O
-	O
TM	O
-	O
1	O
-	O
EGFP	O
,	O
pBH	O
-	O
S1	O
-	O
EGFP	O
,	O
or	O
pBH	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
TM	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
-	O
EGFP	O
vaccine	O
candidates	O
or	O
the	O
commercial	O
attenuated	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
vaccine	O
strain	O
H52	O
and	O
MG	O
vaccine	O
strain	O
F	O
-	O
36	O
(	O
positive	O
controls	O
),	O
and	O
challenged	O
with	O
virulent	O
IBV	B-SPEC
or	O
MG	O
two	O
weeks	O
later	O
.	O

Using	O
peripheral	B-ANAT
blood	I-ANAT
obtained	O
from	O
mature	O
infants	O
with	O
and	O
without	O
NRDS	O
,	O
in	O
tandem	O
with	O
mRNA	B-CHED
sequencing	O
(	O
mRNA	O
‑	O
seq	O
)	O
analysis	O
,	O
the	O
present	O
study	O
identified	O
that	O
,	O
while	O
cell	B-PROC
cycle	I-PROC
regulation	I-PROC
and	O
alveolar	B-ANAT
surfactants	B-CHED
serve	O
a	O
role	O
in	O
deterring	O
the	O
further	O
onset	O
of	O
NRDS	O
,	O
innate	O
and	O
pathogen	O
‑	O
induced	O
responses	O
of	O
the	O
immune	B-ANAT
system	I-ANAT
are	O
among	O
the	O
most	O
important	O
factors	O
in	O
the	O
pathology	O
.	O

The	O
overall	O
prevalence	O
of	O
porcine	B-SPEC
astrovirus	I-SPEC
(	O
PAstV	O
)	O
was	O
75	O
%	O
with	O
69	O
.	O
8	O
%	O
of	O
the	O
PAstV	O
positive	O
pigs	B-SPEC
infected	O
with	O
PAstV	O
type	O
3	O
.	O

Using	O
Next	O
Generation	O
de	O
novo	O
sequencing	O
(	O
de	O
novo	O
NGS	O
)	O
on	O
pools	O
of	O
samples	O
from	O
case	O
animals	B-SPEC
within	O
all	O
herds	O
,	O
PKV	O
-	O
1	O
was	O
detected	O
in	O
four	O
herds	O
and	O
rotavirus	B-SPEC
A	I-SPEC
,	O
rotavirus	B-SPEC
C	I-SPEC
and	O
PTV	B-SPEC
were	O
detected	O
in	O
one	O
herd	O
each	O
.	O

Using	O
Next	O
Generation	O
de	O
novo	O
sequencing	O
(	O
de	O
novo	O
NGS	O
)	O
on	O
pools	O
of	O
samples	O
from	O
case	O
animals	B-SPEC
within	O
all	O
herds	O
,	O
PKV	O
-	O
1	O
was	O
detected	O
in	O
four	O
herds	O
and	O
rotavirus	B-SPEC
A	I-SPEC
,	O
rotavirus	B-SPEC
C	I-SPEC
and	O
PTV	B-SPEC
were	O
detected	O
in	O
one	O
herd	O
each	O
.	O

We	O
identified	O
sequences	O
from	O
market	O
camels	B-SPEC
nearly	O
identical	O
to	O
the	O
previously	O
reported	O
2015	O
German	O
case	O
who	O
visited	O
the	O
market	O
during	O
his	O
incubation	O
period	O
.	O

We	O
described	O
10	O
recombination	B-PROC
events	O
in	O
the	O
camel	B-SPEC
samples	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Design	O
and	O
Delivery	O
of	O
Therapeutic	O
siRNAs	O
:	O
Application	O
to	O
MERS	O
-	O
Coronavirus	B-SPEC
.	O

The	O
replication	O
of	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
is	O
mediated	O
by	O
ORF	B-PRGE
1ab	I-PRGE
and	O
viral	O
gene	O
activity	O
can	O
be	O
modulated	O
by	O
RNAi	B-PROC
approach	O
.	O

The	O
efficient	O
delivery	O
of	O
siRNAs	O
into	O
targeted	B-PROC
cells	B-COMP
faces	B-ANAT
many	O
challenges	O
like	O
enzymatic	O
degradation	O
and	O
quick	O
clearance	O
through	O
renal	B-ANAT
system	O
.	O

This	O
innovative	O
technology	O
has	O
attracted	O
researchers	O
,	O
academia	O
and	O
pharmaceuticals	B-CHED
industries	O
towards	O
designing	O
and	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
highly	O
effective	O
and	O
targeted	B-PROC
disease	O
therapy	O
.	O

In	O
most	O
of	O
the	O
cases	O
analyzed	O
over	O
the	O
period	O
2010	O
-	O
2012	O
,	O
anesthesia	B-DISO
and	O
resuscitation	O
have	O
been	O
involved	O
in	O
the	O
occurrence	O
of	O
maternal	B-PROC
deaths	I-PROC
,	O
mainly	O
through	O
strategic	O
errors	O
in	O
the	O
management	O
of	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
pathology	B-DISO
before	O
delivery	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
through	O
insufficient	O
cardiac	B-ANAT
resuscitation	O
duration	O
after	O
cardiac	B-DISO
arrest	I-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Clinical	O
characteristics	O
and	O
prognosis	O
of	O
drug	O
-	O
associated	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
compared	O
with	O
non	O
-	O
drug	O
-	O
associated	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
:	O
a	O
single	O
-	O
centre	O
retrospective	O
study	O
in	O
Japan	O
.	O

She	O
presented	O
with	O
grand	B-DISO
mal	I-DISO
seizures	I-DISO
and	O
vomiting	B-DISO
on	O
admission	O
to	O
our	O
Emergency	B-DISO
Center	O
,	O
with	O
a	O
fluvoxamine	B-CHED
serum	B-COMP
concentration	O
of	O
4	O
.	O
58	O
μg	O
/	O
mL	O
.	O
The	O
patient	O
was	O
diagnosed	O
with	O
status	B-DISO
epilepticus	I-DISO
,	O
which	O
could	O
not	O
be	O
fully	O
suppressed	O
with	O
the	O
maximum	O
dosage	O
of	O
benzodiazepines	B-CHED
.	O

The	O
patient	O
also	O
developed	O
circulatory	B-DISO
collapse	I-DISO
after	O
resuscitation	O
for	O
sudden	B-DISO
cardiac	I-DISO
arrest	I-DISO
and	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
,	O
believed	O
to	O
be	O
secondary	O
to	O
aspiration	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Nsp3	B-PRGE
of	O
coronaviruses	O
:	O
Structures	O
and	O
functions	O
of	O
a	O
large	O
multi	O
-	O
domain	O
protein	B-CHED
.	O

Secondary	O
nucleotide	B-CHED
peaks	O
identified	O
in	O
the	O
chromatogram	O
for	O
the	O
S1	B-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
sequence	O
revealed	O
that	O
all	O
original	O
vaccines	O
(	O
H120	O
and	O
Ma5	O
)	O
were	O
composed	O
by	O
different	O
subpopulations	O
of	O
IBV	B-SPEC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
During	O
the	O
outbreak	O
of	O
the	O
Middle	O
East	O
Respiratory	O
Syndrome	O
(	O
MERS	B-DISO
)	O
in	O
Korea	O
in	O
2015	O
,	O
the	O
Korea	O
Centers	O
for	O
Disease	O
Control	O
and	O
Prevention	O
(	O
KCDC	O
)	O
confirmed	O
a	O
case	O
of	O
MERS	B-DISO
in	O
a	O
healthcare	O
worker	O
in	O
Daejeon	O
,	O
South	O
Korea	O
.	O

The	O
healthcare	O
worker	O
,	O
a	O
nurse	O
,	O
was	O
infected	O
while	O
performing	O
cardiopulmonary	B-ANAT
resuscitation	O
(	O
CPR	B-ENZY
)	O
for	O
a	O
MERS	O
patient	O
in	O
an	O
isolation	O
room	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Porcine	O
epidemic	O
diarrhea	O
Virus	O
(	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
)	O
is	O
the	O
causative	O
agent	O
of	O
porcine	B-SPEC
epidemic	B-DISO
diarrhea	I-DISO
,	O
which	O
is	O
a	O
devastating	O
viral	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
and	O
causes	O
severe	O
economic	O
loss	O
to	O
the	O
swine	B-SPEC
industry	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
the	O
absence	O
of	O
RIG	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
I	I-PRGE
in	I-PRGE
chickens	I-PRGE
raises	O
the	O
question	O
of	O
whether	O
this	O
protein	B-CHED
influences	O
the	O
antiviral	B-CHED
immune	B-PROC
response	I-PROC
against	O
IBV	B-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
.	O

We	O
also	O
found	O
that	O
IBV	B-SPEC
can	O
cleave	O
MAVS	O
,	O
an	O
adaptor	O
protein	B-CHED
downstream	O
of	O
RIG	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
I	I-PRGE
and	O
MDA5	B-PRGE
that	O
acts	O
as	O
a	O
platform	O
for	O
antiviral	B-CHED
innate	B-PROC
immunity	B-PROC
at	O
an	O
early	O
stage	O
of	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Comparison	O
of	O
the	O
efficacy	O
and	O
safety	O
of	O
FP	O
-	O
1201	O
-	O
lyo	O
(	O
intravenously	O
administered	O
recombinant	B-PRGE
human	I-PRGE
interferon	I-PRGE
beta	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
1a	I-PRGE
)	O
and	O
placebo	O
in	O
the	O
treatment	O
of	O
patients	O
with	O
moderate	O
or	O
severe	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
:	O
study	O
protocol	O
for	O
a	O
randomized	O
controlled	O
trial	O
.	O

There	O
are	O
no	O
effective	O
specific	O
treatments	O
for	O
patients	O
with	O
ARDS	B-DISO
and	O
mortality	O
rates	O
remain	O
high	O
.	O

The	O
results	O
from	O
this	O
study	O
will	O
provide	O
evidence	O
regarding	O
the	O
efficacy	O
of	O
a	O
potential	O
new	O
therapeutic	O
agent	O
,	O
FP	O
-	O
1201	O
-	O
lyo	O
,	O
in	O
improving	O
the	O
clinical	O
course	O
and	O
outcome	O
for	O
patients	O
with	O
moderate	O
/	O
severe	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

Blood	B-ANAT
transfusions	O
may	O
be	O
required	O
and	O
treatment	O
of	O
seizures	B-DISO
and	O
raised	B-DISO
intracranial	I-DISO
pressure	I-DISO
is	O
important	O
in	O
cerebral	B-DISO
malaria	B-PATH
in	O
children	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Traumatic	O
Fractures	O
of	O
the	O
Cervical	B-ANAT
Spine	I-ANAT
:	O
Analysis	O
of	O
Changes	O
in	O
Incidence	O
,	O
Cause	O
,	O
Concurrent	O
Injuries	O
,	O
and	O
Complications	O
Among	O
488	O
,	O
262	O
Patients	O
from	O
2005	O
to	O
2013	O
.	O

Common	O
concurrent	O
injuries	O
included	O
fractures	O
to	O
the	O
rib	B-CHED
/	O
sternum	B-ANAT
/	O
larynx	B-DISO
/	O
trachea	B-DISO
(	O
19	O
.	O
6	O
%).	O

For	O
the	O
second	O
phase	O
,	O
""""	O
One	O
Health	O
""""	O
was	O
searched	O
as	O
a	O
Medical	O
subject	O
heading	O
(	O
MeSH	O
)	O
term	O
,	O
which	O
is	O
the	O
National	O
Library	O
of	O
Medicine	B-CHED
controlled	O
vocabulary	O
thesaurus	O
used	O
for	O
indexing	O
articles	O
.	O

Meta	B-SPEC
-	O
analysis	O
of	O
randomized	O
controlled	O
trials	O
(	O
RCTs	O
)	O
indicated	O
a	O
protective	O
effect	O
of	O
masks	O
and	O
respirators	O
against	O
clinical	O
respiratory	O
illness	O
(	O
CRI	O
)	O
(	O
risk	O
ratio	O
[	O
RR	O
]	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
59	O
;	O
95	O
%	O
confidence	O
interval	O
[	O
CI	O
]:	O
0	O
.	O
46	O
-	O
0	O
.	O
77	O
)	O
and	O
influenza	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
like	I-DISO
illness	I-DISO
(	O
ILI	O
)	O
(	O
RR	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
34	O
;	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
:	O
0	O
.	O
14	O
-	O
0	O
.	O
82	O
).	O

Multicentre	O
RCTs	O
with	O
standardized	O
protocols	O
conducted	O
outside	O
epidemic	O
periods	B-PROC
would	O
help	O
to	O
clarify	O
the	O
circumstances	O
under	O
which	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
masks	O
or	O
respirators	O
is	O
most	O
warranted	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
at	O
24	O
hours	O
,	O
cigarette	O
smoke	O
exposure	O
was	O
associated	O
with	O
increased	O
impairment	B-DISO
in	O
platelet	B-PROC
aggregation	I-PROC
,	O
reflecting	O
a	O
statistically	O
significant	O
decline	O
in	O
platelet	B-PROC
aggregation	I-PROC
over	O
the	O
initial	O
24	O
hours	O
after	O
trauma	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
first	O
steps	O
of	O
human	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
NL63	I-SPEC
(	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
NL63	I-SPEC
)	O
infection	B-DISO
were	O
previously	O
described	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
No	O
specific	O
antivirals	O
are	O
currently	O
available	O
for	O
two	O
emerging	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
,	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
(	O
MERS	O
)	O
and	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
).	O

This	O
review	O
presents	O
current	O
knowledge	O
on	O
the	O
epidemiology	O
,	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
and	O
clinical	O
features	O
of	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
and	O
MERS	O
coronaviruses	O
.	O

The	O
drugs	O
we	O
discuss	O
belong	O
to	O
a	O
wide	O
range	O
of	O
different	O
drug	O
classes	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
cancer	B-DISO
therapeutics	O
,	O
antipsychotics	B-CHED
,	O
and	O
antimalarials	B-CHED
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
MicroRNA	O
(	O
miRNA	O
)	O
mediates	O
RNA	B-PROC
interference	I-PROC
to	O
regulate	O
a	O
variety	O
of	O
innate	O
immune	O
processes	O
,	O
but	O
how	O
miRNAs	O
coordinate	O
the	O
mechanisms	O
underlying	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
/	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ALI	O
/	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
inflammatory	O
injury	O
is	O
still	O
unknown	O
.	O

Extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenation	B-PROC
(	O
ECMO	O
)	O
is	O
being	O
increasingly	O
used	O
for	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
ARDS	B-DISO
refractory	O
to	O
otherwise	O
conventional	O
management	O
.	O

A	O
29year	O
old	O
male	O
arrived	O
with	O
Emergency	B-DISO
Medical	O
Services	O
(	O
EMS	O
)	O
status	O
post	O
presumed	O
heroin	B-CHED
overdose	O
.	O

The	O
patient	O
arrived	O
in	O
severe	O
respiratory	B-DISO
distress	I-DISO
with	O
a	O
pulse	B-PROC
oximetry	O
level	O
of	O
50	O
%	O
and	O
was	O
immediately	O
intubated	O
.	O

In	O
the	O
Coronary	B-ANAT
REvascularisation	O
Demonstrating	O
Outcome	O
Study	O
in	O
Kyoto	O
PCI	O
/	O
coronary	B-ANAT
artery	I-ANAT
bypass	O
grafting	B-ANAT
registry	O
cohort	O
-	O
2	O
,	O
there	O
were	O
2018	O
patients	O
who	O
underwent	O
elective	O
multivessel	O
PCI	O
.	O

Related	O
to	O
their	O
frequency	O
of	O
detection	O
,	O
RSV	B-PRGE
A	I-PRGE
/	I-PRGE
B	I-PRGE
was	O
the	O
most	O
associated	O
pathogen	O
with	O
patient	O
'	O
s	O
demographic	O
situation	O
and	O
clinical	O
manifestations	O
(	O
p	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
).	O

Adenovirus	B-DISO
was	O
statistically	O
associated	O
to	O
the	O
manifestation	O
of	O
gastroenteritis	B-DISO
(	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
004	O
).	O

After	O
the	O
intravenous	O
administration	O
of	O
second	O
steroid	B-CHED
,	O
immediate	O
anaphylaxis	B-DISO
was	O
recorded	O
and	O
treatment	O
was	O
stopped	O
.	O

Patients	O
who	O
have	O
food	B-DISO
allergies	I-DISO
need	O
to	O
pay	O
particular	O
attention	O
to	O
the	O
prescription	O
of	O
drugs	O
and	O
their	O
formulation	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Research	O
progress	O
of	O
mesenchymal	B-ANAT
stem	I-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
in	O
the	O
treatment	O
of	O
ALI	O
].	O

Its	O
severe	O
stage	O
is	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
),	O
characterized	O
by	O
rapid	O
onset	O
and	O
high	O
mortality	O
.	O

Based	O
on	O
many	O
preclinical	O
studies	O
,	O
mesenchymal	B-ANAT
stem	I-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
(	O
MSCs	B-COMP
)	O
have	O
great	O
potential	O
as	O
a	O
therapeutic	O
strategy	O
for	O
ALI	O
,	O
clinical	O
trials	O
are	O
underway	O
,	O
and	O
studies	O
on	O
the	O
therapeutic	O
effects	O
of	O
MSCs	B-COMP
progressively	O
deep	O
into	O
the	O
molecular	O
mechanism	O
and	O
continue	O
to	O
make	O
new	O
progress	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
MSCs	B-FUNC
,	O
their	O
specific	O
methods	O
and	O
risks	O
,	O
especially	O
on	O
the	O
risk	O
of	O
iatrogenic	O
tumor	B-DISO
formation	B-PROC
remains	O
unresolved	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Severe	O
Acute	B-DISO
Respiratory	I-DISO
Distress	I-DISO
Syndrome	I-DISO
after	O
Laparoscopic	O
Appendectomy	O
in	O
a	O
Young	O
Adult	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
the	O
mode	O
of	O
virus	B-SPEC
transmission	O
is	O
not	O
well	O
understood	O
.	O

We	O
also	O
identified	O
the	O
evidence	O
of	O
enteric	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
infection	B-DISO
in	O
the	O
stool	B-ANAT
specimen	I-ANAT
of	O
a	O
clinical	O
patient	O
.	O

With	O
the	O
progression	O
of	O
the	O
enteric	O
infection	B-DISO
,	O
inflammation	B-DISO
,	O
virus	B-SPEC
-	O
positive	O
cells	B-COMP
,	O
and	O
live	O
viruses	B-SPEC
emerged	O
in	O
the	O
lung	B-ANAT
tissues	I-ANAT
,	O
indicating	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
sequential	O
respiratory	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Middle	O
East	O
Respiratory	O
Syndrome	B-DISO
Coronavirus	B-SPEC
Nonstructural	O
Protein	B-CHED
16	O
Is	O
Necessary	O
for	O
Interferon	O
Resistance	O
and	O
Viral	B-DISO
Pathogenesis	I-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Does	O
a	O
Mobile	O
ECLS	O
Program	O
Reduce	O
Mortality	O
for	O
Patients	O
Transported	O
for	O
ECLS	O
Therapy	O
for	O
Severe	O
Acute	B-DISO
Respiratory	I-DISO
Failure	I-DISO
?	O

A	O
MERS	O
screening	O
clinic	O
(	O
MSC	O
)	O
for	O
HCP	B-DISO
was	O
setup	O
in	O
the	O
National	O
Medical	O
Center	O
during	O
the	O
MERS	O
outbreak	O
in	O
2015	O
.	O

In	O
the	O
context	O
of	O
permanently	O
wheelchair	O
bound	O
and	O
on	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
(	O
MV	O
)	O
patients	O
,	O
the	O
clinical	O
presentation	O
of	O
acute	B-DISO
heart	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
(	O
AHF	O
)	O
syndrome	B-DISO
may	O
be	O
atypical	O
.	O

We	O
included	O
genetically	O
proven	O
DMD	B-DISO
and	O
BMD	B-DISO
patients	O
on	O
HMV	O
admitted	O
for	O
AHF	O
.	O

At	O
admission	O
,	O
dyspnoea	B-DISO
was	O
present	O
in	O
46	O
%,	O
lipothymia	O
in	O
23	O
%,	O
and	O
abdominal	B-DISO
discomfort	I-DISO
in	O
38	O
.	O
4	O
%	O
of	O
patients	O
.	O

In	O
patients	O
with	O
cardiogenic	B-DISO
shock	I-DISO
,	O
intra	O
-	O
hospital	O
mortality	O
rate	O
was	O
66	O
.	O
6	O
%,	O
reaching	B-PROC
83	O
.	O
3	O
%	O
after	O
1	O
year	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Our	O
results	O
showed	O
that	O
Msr1	B-PRGE

We	O
conducted	O
a	O
prospective	O
longitudinal	O
study	O
on	O
respiratory	O
viral	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
(	O
RVIs	O
)	O
in	O
allo	O
-	O
HSCT	O
recipients	O
with	O
respiratory	B-DISO
symptoms	I-DISO
from	O
December	O
2013	O
until	O
June	O
2016	O
.	O

Respiratory	O
virus	B-SPEC
in	O
upper	O
and	O
/	O
or	O
lower	B-ANAT
respiratory	I-ANAT
tract	I-ANAT
(	O
URT	O
and	O
LRT	B-ANAT
)	O
specimens	O
were	O
tested	O
using	O
Luminex	B-PRGE
xTAG	I-PRGE
RVP	I-PRGE
Fast	I-PRGE
v1	I-PRGE
assay	O
.	O

There	O
were	O
160	O
persons	O
placed	O
on	O
PHTRs	O
:	O
142	O
(	O
89	O
%)	O
involved	O
exposure	O
to	O
Ebola	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
,	O
16	O
(	O
10	O
%)	O
to	O
Lassa	B-DISO
fever	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
,	O
and	O
2	O
(	O
1	O
%)	O
to	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
.	O

The	O
most	O
common	O
precipitant	O
is	O
community	O
-	O
acquired	O
bacterial	B-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
,	O
but	O
other	O
putative	O
pathogens	O
include	O
viruses	B-SPEC
and	O
fungi	B-SPEC
.	O

Consequently	O
,	O
an	O
increasing	O
number	O
of	O
mAbs	O
,	O
which	O
exhibit	O
high	O
potency	O
against	O
emerging	O
viruses	B-SPEC
in	O
vitro	O
and	O
in	O
animal	B-SPEC
models	O
of	O
infection	B-DISO
,	O
have	O
been	O
developed	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
In	O
this	O
paper	O
,	O
an	O
SIR	O
patch	O
model	O
with	O
vaccination	O
is	O
formulated	O
to	O
investigate	O
the	O
effect	O
of	O
vaccination	O
coverage	O
and	O
the	O
impact	O
of	O
human	B-SPEC
mobility	O
on	O
the	O
spread	O
of	O
diseases	O
among	O
patches	O
.	O

These	O
are	O
transformed	O
into	O
double	O
-	O
membrane	B-COMP
vesicles	B-COMP
(	O
DMVs	O
)	O
containing	O
viral	O
double	O
-	O
stranded	O
RNA	O
and	O
into	O
other	O
membranous	B-ANAT
elements	O
such	O
as	O
convoluted	O
membranes	B-ANAT
,	O
together	O
forming	O
a	O
reticulovesicular	O
network	O
.	O

The	O
aim	O
of	O
this	O
study	O
was	O
to	O
develop	O
rapid	O
molecular	O
assays	O
for	O
differentiating	O
vaccine	O
strains	O
Ma5	O
and	O
4	O
/	O
91	O
of	O
the	O
infectious	O
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
IBV	B-SPEC
).	O

We	O
therefore	O
evaluated	O
clinical	O
and	O
microbiological	O
factors	O
associated	O
with	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
GI	O
symptoms	O
in	O
patients	O
consulting	O
a	O
general	O
practitioner	O
(	O
GP	O
)	O
for	O
ARI	B-PRGE
.	O

Nasopharyngeal	B-ANAT
swabs	O
,	O
stool	B-ANAT
specimens	O
and	O
clinical	O
data	O
from	O
patients	O
presenting	O
to	O
GPs	B-DISO
with	O
an	O
ARI	B-CHED
were	O
prospectively	O
collected	O
during	O
two	O
winter	O
seasons	O
(	O
2014	O
-	O
2016	O
).	O

Consumption	O
of	O
antipyretic	B-CHED
medication	O
before	O
the	O
consultation	O
seemed	O
to	O
reduce	O
the	O
risk	O
of	O
developing	O
GI	O
symptoms	O
for	O
patients	O
with	O
laboratory	O
-	O
confirmed	O
influenza	B-DISO
(	O
aOR	B-FUNC
=	O
0	O
.	O
3	O
;	O
[	O
0	O
.	O
1	O
-	O
0	O
.	O
6	O
];	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
002	O
).	O

Moreover	O
,	O
several	O
novel	O
mutations	O
including	O
nucleotides	B-CHED
substitution	O
and	O
the	O
insertion	O
of	O
spike	O
of	O
the	O
glycoprotein	B-CHED
on	O
the	O
viral	O
surface	O
were	O
discovered	O
.	O

Moreover	O
,	O
several	O
novel	O
mutations	O
including	O
nucleotides	B-CHED
substitution	O
and	O
the	O
insertion	O
of	O
spike	O
of	O
the	O
glycoprotein	B-CHED
on	O
the	O
viral	O
surface	O
were	O
discovered	O
.	O

A	O
multidisciplinary	O
group	O
of	O
heads	B-ANAT
of	O
infectious	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
departments	O
from	O
reference	O
hospitals	O
was	O
created	O
to	O
build	O
a	O
network	O
of	O
clinical	O
expertise	O
for	O
care	O
,	O
training	O
,	O
and	O
research	O
in	O
the	O
field	O
of	O
epidemic	O
and	O
biological	O
risk	O
(	O
EBR	O
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Astragalus	B-ANAT
polysaccharides	B-CHED
inhibit	O
avian	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
bronchitis	I-DISO
virus	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
by	O
regulating	O
viral	O
replication	O
.	O

Therefore	O
,	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
novel	O
antiviral	B-CHED
treatment	O
strategies	O
is	O
urgently	O
required	O
.	O

We	O
also	O
discuss	O
some	O
general	O
strategies	O
for	O
developing	O
small	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
molecule	I-PRGE
viral	O
inhibitors	B-CHED
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Life	O
-	O
threatening	O
idiopathic	O
reaction	O
to	O
hydrochlorothiazide	O
treated	O
with	O
veno	O
-	O
venous	B-ANAT
extracorporeal	O
membrane	O
oxygenation	B-PROC
.	O

The	O
clustering	O
of	O
gene	B-PROC
expression	I-PROC
profile	O
among	O
the	O
three	O
virus	B-SPEC
inoculated	O
groups	O
indicated	O
that	O
the	O
majority	O
of	O
up	O
-	O
regulated	O
DE	O
genes	O
on	O
apoptosis	B-PATH
in	O
very	O
virulent	O
SCDY2	O
group	O
were	O
up	O
-	O
regulated	O
more	O
or	O
less	O
in	O
virulent	O
SCK2	B-PRGE
group	O
and	O
those	O
down	O
-	O
regulated	O
on	O
innate	B-DISO
immune	I-DISO
response	I-DISO
in	O
SCDY2	O
group	O
were	O
also	O
down	O
-	O
regulated	O
differently	O
in	O
SCK2	B-PRGE
group	O
.	O

In	O
addition	O
,	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
apoptotic	O
cells	B-COMP
detected	O
experimentally	O
in	O
kidney	B-ANAT
tissue	B-ANAT
were	O
very	O
different	O
among	O
the	O
three	O
virus	B-SPEC
inoculated	O
groups	O
and	O
were	O
positively	O
accordant	O
with	O
the	O
viral	O
titer	O
,	O
kidney	B-ANAT
lesions	O
and	O
viral	O
virulence	B-PROC
of	O
each	O
group	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Lung	B-ANAT
-	O
protective	O
ventilation	O
(	O
LPV	O
)	O
has	O
become	O
the	O
cornerstone	O
of	O
management	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
ARDS	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
inflammation	B-DISO
-	O
directed	O
therapies	O
have	O
yet	O
failed	O
to	O
improve	O
the	O
outcome	O
in	O
ARDS	B-DISO
patients	O
.	O

One	O
of	O
the	O
reasons	O
may	O
be	O
the	O
underestimated	O
complexity	O
of	O
inflammation	B-DISO
.	O

We	O
suggest	O
to	O
consider	O
inflammation	B-DISO
in	O
ARDS	B-DISO
as	O
a	O
system	O
controlled	O
by	O
scale	O
-	O
free	O
networks	O
of	O
genome	O
-	O
wide	O
molecular	B-FUNC
interaction	I-FUNC
with	O
hubs	O
(	O
e	O
.	O
g	O
.	O
NFκB	O
,	O
C	O
/	O
EBPβ	O
,	O
ATF3	B-PRGE
),	O
exhibiting	O
nonlinear	O
emergence	O
and	O
the	O
ability	O
to	O
adapt	O
,	O
meaning	O
for	O
instance	O
that	O
mild	O
and	O
life	O
-	O
threatening	O
inflammation	O
in	O
ARDS	B-DISO
are	O
distinct	O
processes	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Viral	O
aerosol	O
infection	O
through	O
cough	B-DISO
generates	O
large	O
amounts	O
of	O
viral	O
aerosol	O
and	O
can	O
result	O
in	O
many	O
adverse	O
health	O
effects	O
such	O
as	O
influenza	B-DISO
flu	B-DISO
and	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
).	O

Current	O
condensation	B-DISO
growth	B-PROC
methods	O
only	O
have	O
good	O
physical	O
collection	O
efficiency	O
and	O
viral	O
preservation	O
at	O
low	O
flow	O
rate	O
(<	O
10	O
LPM	O
).	O

The	O
aims	O
of	O
this	O
study	O
were	O
to	O
develop	O
an	O
effective	O
M	B-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
-	O
targeting	B-PROC
oral	B-ANAT
vaccine	O
,	O
involving	O
Lactobacillus	B-SPEC
casei	I-SPEC
to	O
deliver	O
the	O
porcine	B-SPEC
epidemic	I-SPEC
diarrhoea	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
)	O
core	O
neutralizing	O
epitope	B-CHED
(	O
COE	O
)	O
antigen	B-CHED
conjugated	O
with	O
M	B-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
-	O
targeting	B-PROC
peptide	B-CHED
Co1	O
as	O
an	O
adjuvant	B-CHED
,	O
against	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
.	O

Currently	O
two	O
conditionally	O
approved	O
vaccines	O
exist	O
in	O
the	O
US	O
,	O
but	O
there	O
is	O
no	O
live	O
attenuated	O
vaccine	O
,	O
which	O
is	O
considered	O
the	O
best	O
option	O
in	O
controlling	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
by	O
inducing	O
transferrable	O
mucosal	B-PROC
immunity	I-PROC
to	O
susceptible	O
neonatal	O
piglets	O
.	O

There	O
was	O
no	O
difference	O
in	O
the	O
BAL	B-PRGE
E	I-PRGE
coli	I-PRGE
colony	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
forming	I-PRGE
units	I-PRGE
,	O
macrophage	B-ANAT
,	O
or	O
neutrophil	B-ANAT
numbers	O
at	O
any	O
time	O
point	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Methods	O
Using	O
Social	O
Media	B-ANAT
and	O
Search	O
Queries	O
to	O
Predict	O
Infectious	B-DISO
Disease	I-DISO
Outbreaks	O
.	O

Here	O
,	O
we	O
introduce	O
an	O
approach	O
to	O
develop	O
such	O
a	O
digital	B-ANAT
surveillance	O
system	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
Livestock	B-PRGE
Emergency	I-PRGE
Response	I-PRGE
Plan	B-DISO
(	O
LERP	O
)	O
was	O
published	O
in	O
2014	O
as	O
a	O
toolkit	O
to	O
assist	O
state	O
agricultural	O
emergency	B-DISO
planners	O
in	O
writing	O
or	O
modifying	O
state	O
foreign	O
animal	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
/	O
high	O
-	O
consequence	O
disease	O
(	O
FAD	B-CHED
/	O
HCD	B-DISO
)	O
plans	O
.	O

In	O
1998	O
the	O
European	O
Network	O
for	O
Diagnostics	O
of	O
""""	O
Imported	O
""""	O
Viral	B-DISO
Diseases	I-DISO
(	O
ENIVD	O
)	O
was	O
established	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Identification	O
of	O
Alpha	O
and	O
Beta	O
Coronavirus	B-SPEC
in	O
Wildlife	O
Species	B-SPEC
in	O
France	O
:	O
Bats	B-SPEC
,	O
Rodents	B-SPEC
,	O
Rabbits	B-SPEC
,	O
and	O
Hedgehogs	B-SPEC
.	O

This	O
study	O
explored	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
coronaviruses	O
in	O
four	O
wild	O
mammal	B-SPEC
orders	O
in	O
France	O
:	O
Bats	B-SPEC
,	O
rodents	B-SPEC
,	O
lagomorphs	B-SPEC
,	O
and	O
hedgehogs	B-SPEC
.	O

Results	O
showed	O
that	O
transaminase	O
levels	O
markedly	O
decreased	O
in	O
MHV	B-SPEC
-	O
A59	O
-	O
infected	O
mice	B-SPEC
treated	O
with	O
MAb	B-PRGE
anti	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
IL	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
17A	I-PRGE
whereas	O
plasmatic	O
Ig	O
concentration	O
sharply	O
increased	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Type	O
III	O
interferons	O
(	O
IFNs	O
)	O
play	O
a	O
vital	O
role	O
in	O
maintaining	O
the	O
antiviral	B-CHED
state	O
of	O
the	O
mucosal	B-ANAT
epithelial	O
surface	O
in	O
the	O
gut	B-ANAT
,	O
and	O
in	O
turn	O
,	O
enteric	O
viruses	B-SPEC
may	O
have	O
evolved	O
to	O
evade	O
the	O
type	B-PRGE
III	I-PRGE
IFN	I-PRGE
responses	O
during	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

Fourteen	O
patients	O
were	O
listed	O
for	O
LTPL	O
due	O
to	O
severe	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

Cell	B-COMP
entry	O
studies	O
demonstrated	O
that	O
three	O
newly	O
identified	O
SARSr	O
-	O
CoVs	O
with	O
different	O
S	O
protein	B-CHED
sequences	O
are	O
all	O
able	O
to	O
use	O
human	B-PRGE
ACE2	I-PRGE
as	O
the	O
receptor	O
,	O
further	O
exhibiting	O
the	O
close	O
relationship	O
between	O
strains	O
in	O
this	O
cave	O
and	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
.	O
This	O
work	O
provides	O
new	O
insights	O
into	O
the	O
origin	O
and	O
evolution	B-PROC
of	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
and	O
highlights	O
the	O
necessity	O
of	O
preparedness	O
for	O
future	O
emergence	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
like	O
diseases	O
.	O

One	O
15	O
.	O
24	O
X	O
15	O
.	O
24	O
X	O
2	O
.	O
54	O
cm	O
aluminum	B-CHED
coupon	O
,	O
contaminated	O
with	O
swine	B-SPEC
feces	B-ANAT
,	O
and	O
randomly	O
matched	O
to	O
one	O
pig	B-SPEC
was	O
the	O
experimental	O
unit	O
.	O

This	O
study	O
also	O
suggests	O
that	O
a	O
positive	O
RT	O
-	O
qPCR	O
result	O
for	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
on	O
an	O
environmental	O
sample	O
should	O
be	O
expected	O
when	O
the	O
AHP	B-DISO
disinfectant	B-CHED
is	O
applied	O
under	O
freezing	O
conditions	O
,	O
but	O
does	O
not	O
necessarily	O
indicate	O
that	O
an	O
infectious	B-DISO
dose	O
of	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
remains	O
after	O
disinfection	O
.	O

A	O
retrospective	O
observational	O
study	O
with	O
prospective	O
QoL	O
assessment	O
through	O
administration	O
of	O
the	O
questionnaire	O
EuroQol	O
-	O
5	O
Dimension	O
was	O
conducted	O
in	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
patients	O
who	O
h	O
ad	O
ECMO	O
as	O
a	O
rescue	O
therapy	O
for	O
reversible	O
refractory	O
hypoxemia	O
from	O
January	O
2013	O
until	O
December	O
2015	O
in	O
an	O
Italian	O
referral	O
ECMO	O
center	O
.	O

Our	O
aim	O
was	O
to	O
combine	O
epidemiological	O
data	O
from	O
literature	O
with	O
genetic	O
information	O
from	O
viruses	B-SPEC
sequenced	O
around	O
the	O
world	O
to	O
present	O
a	O
phylodynamic	O
picture	O
of	O
MERS	O
spread	O
molecular	O
level	O
to	O
global	O
scale	O
.	O

Among	O
influenza	B-DISO
-	O
positive	O
ILI	O
patients	O
,	O
1431	O
(	O
63	O
%)	O
were	O
influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
[	O
820	O
influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
(	O
H1N1	O
)	O
pdm09	O
,	O
611	O
influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
(	O
H3N2	B-CHED
)]	O
and	O
847	O
(	O
37	O
%)	O
were	O
influenza	B-DISO
B	O
.	O
A	O
majority	O
of	O
SARI	O
and	O
ILI	O
case	O
-	O
patients	O
who	O
tested	O
positive	O
for	O
influenza	B-DISO
(	O
72	O
%	O
SARI	O
and	O
59	O
%	O
ILI	O
)	O
were	O
children	O
aged	O
0	O
-	O
4	O
years	O
,	O
as	O
were	O
a	O
majority	O
of	O
those	O
enrolled	O
in	O
surveillance	O
.	O

Porcine	B-SPEC
epidemic	I-SPEC
diarrhea	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
)	O
was	O
predicted	O
to	O
have	O
HR	O
regions	O
(	O
HR1	O
and	O
HR2	O
)	O
in	O
the	O
spike	O
glycoprotein	B-CHED
S2	O
subunit	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
human	B-SPEC
coronaviruses	O
(	O
CoV	O
)	O
include	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
229E	I-SPEC
,	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
OC43	I-SPEC
,	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
NL63	I-SPEC
,	O
and	O
HCoV	O
-	O
HKU1	O
,	O
some	O
of	O
which	O
have	O
been	O
known	O
for	O
decades	O
.	O

The	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
CoV	O
briefly	O
emerged	O
into	O
the	O
human	B-SPEC
population	O
but	O
was	O
controlled	O
.	O

Targeted	B-PROC
research	O
remains	O
key	O
to	O
developing	O
control	O
strategies	O
for	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
,	O
a	O
cause	O
of	O
mild	O
illness	O
in	O
its	O
camel	B-SPEC
reservoir	O
.	O

An	O
AHT	O
animal	B-SPEC
model	O
was	O
developed	O
on	O
12	O
-	O
day	O
-	O
old	O
mice	B-SPEC
subjected	O
to	O
90	O
°	O
head	B-ANAT
extension	O
-	O
flexion	B-PROC
sagittal	B-ANAT
shaking	B-DISO
repeated	O
30	O
,	O
60	O
,	O
80	O
and	O
100	O
times	O
.	O

Acute	O
oxygen	B-CHED
desaturation	O
was	O
observed	O
by	O
pulse	B-PROC
oximetry	O
during	O
respiratory	O
and	O
cardiac	B-ANAT
suppression	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
resultant	O
hypoxia	B-DISO
/	O
ischemia	B-DISO
suggests	O
a	O
potential	O
mechanism	O
underlying	O
the	O
secondary	O
rotational	O
acceleration	O
-	O
deceleration	O
-	O
induced	O
brain	B-ANAT
injury	O
in	O
developing	O
mice	B-SPEC
.	O

Parainfluenza	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
4	O
,	O
respiratory	B-SPEC
syncytial	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
B	O
and	O
enterovirus	B-SPEC
were	O
the	O
most	O
common	O
viruses	B-SPEC
in	O
the	O
clinical	O
sample	O
;	O
present	O
in	O
93	O
.	O
8	O
%	O
(	O
15	O
/	O
16	O
)	O
of	O
clinical	O
subjects	O
,	O
and	O
6	O
.	O
7	O
%	O
(	O
5	O
/	O
75	O
)	O
of	O
community	O
subjects	O
(	O
significant	O
difference	O
,	O
p	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
001	O
).	O

Coronavirus	B-SPEC
OC43	O
was	O
the	O
most	O
common	O
virus	B-SPEC
detected	O
in	O
community	O
members	O
(	O
13	O
.	O
3	O
%,	O
10	O
/	O
75	O
).	O

However	O
,	O
it	O
remains	O
unclear	O
how	O
SIVcpz	O
has	O
evolved	O
into	O
pandemic	O
HIV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
1	I-SPEC
in	O
humans	B-SPEC
.	O

Humanized	O
mice	B-SPEC
infected	O
with	O
SIVcpz	O
strain	O
MB897	O
,	O
a	O
virus	B-SPEC
phylogenetically	O
similar	O
to	O
pandemic	O
HIV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
1	I-SPEC
,	O
exhibited	O
a	O
peak	O
viral	O
load	O
comparable	O
to	O
that	O
of	O
mice	B-SPEC
infected	O
with	O
pandemic	O
HIV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
1	I-SPEC
,	O
while	O
peak	O
viral	O
loads	O
of	O
mice	B-SPEC
infected	O
with	O
SIVcpz	O
strain	O
EK505	O
or	O
MT145	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
nonpandemic	O
HIV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
1	I-SPEC
strains	O
were	O
significantly	O
lower	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Wild	O
-	O
type	O
human	B-SPEC
coronaviruses	O
prefer	O
cell	B-COMP
-	O
surface	O
TMPRSS2	B-PRGE
to	O
endosomal	O
cathepsins	O
for	O
cell	B-COMP
entry	O
.	O

To	O
explore	O
the	O
potential	O
role	O
of	O
miR	O
-	O
4331	O
in	O
mitochondrial	B-DISO
damage	I-DISO
,	O
we	O
adopted	O
a	O
strategy	O
consisting	O
of	O
quantitative	O
proteomic	O
analysis	O
of	O
porcine	B-SPEC
kidney	B-ANAT
(	O
PK	O
-	O
15	O
)	O
cells	B-COMP
in	O
response	O
to	O
miR	O
-	O
4331	O
and	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
.	O

Eventually	O
,	O
69	O
differentially	O
expressed	B-PROC
proteins	B-CHED
were	O
gained	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
While	O
prone	O
positioning	O
(	O
PP	O
)	O
has	O
been	O
shown	O
to	O
improve	O
patient	O
survival	O
in	O
moderate	O
to	O
severe	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
patients	O
,	O
the	O
rate	O
of	O
application	O
of	O
PP	O
in	O
clinical	O
practice	O
still	O
appears	O
low	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Venovenous	O
extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenation	B-PROC
(	O
VV	O
-	O
ECMO	O
)	O
is	O
a	O
valuable	O
life	O
support	O
in	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
in	O
adult	O
patients	O
.	O

We	O
recruited	O
246	O
consecutive	O
adult	O
ischemic	B-DISO
stroke	I-DISO
patients	O
.	O

Sleep	B-DISO
apnea	I-DISO
was	O
present	O
in	O
the	O
vast	O
majority	O
of	O
ischemic	B-DISO
stroke	I-DISO
patients	O
.	O

Sleep	B-DISO
apnea	I-DISO
was	O
more	O
severe	O
among	O
those	O
receiving	O
thrombolysis	O
as	O
compared	O
to	O
those	O
who	O
were	O
not	O
.	O

In	O
contrast	O
,	O
the	O
younger	O
sibling	O
presented	O
with	O
an	O
acute	O
episode	O
of	O
neurological	O
impairment	B-DISO
in	O
his	O
third	O
year	O
of	O
life	O
,	O
from	O
which	O
he	O
recovered	O
without	O
sequelae	O
within	O
a	O
few	O
weeks	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
The	O
significance	O
of	O
changes	O
in	O
platelet	B-ANAT
concentration	O
during	O
the	O
early	O
phase	O
after	O
severe	O
burn	O
injury	O
in	O
a	O
Chinese	O
mass	O
casualty	O
.	O

We	O
analyzed	O
the	O
platelet	O
concentration	O
of	O
the	O
two	O
groups	O
using	O
The	O
group	O
with	O
successful	O
resuscitation	O
had	O
higher	O
platelet	B-ANAT
concentration	O
than	O
the	O
failure	O
group	O
on	O
day	O
3	O
and	O
day	O
5	O
.	O

The	O
patients	O
who	O
suffered	B-DISO
from	O
acute	O
kidney	B-ANAT
injury	O
(	O
AKI	O
)	O
and	O
septic	B-DISO
shock	I-DISO
had	O
a	O
lower	O
platelet	B-ANAT
concentration	O
than	O
non	O
-	O
sufferers	O
on	O
day	O
3	O
and	O
day	O
5	O
.	O

The	O
platelet	B-ANAT
concentration	O
of	O
burn	O
patients	O
can	O
dynamically	O
reflect	O
the	O
pathophysiological	O
changes	O
of	O
the	O
body	B-ANAT
.	O

Detection	O
data	O
from	O
clinical	O
specimens	O
showed	O
that	O
the	O
rMLA	O
had	O
diagnostic	O
sensitivities	O
of	O
97	O
.	O
10	O
%	O
for	O
FluA	O
,	O
94	O
.	O
59	O
%	O
for	O
FluB	O
,	O
98	O
.	O
68	O
%	O
for	O
PIV	O
-	O
3	O
,	O
94	O
.	O
87	O
%	O
for	O
RSV	B-SPEC
and	O
95	O
.	O
92	O
%	O
for	O
MPV	B-SPEC
(	O
No	O
Data	O
for	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
due	O
to	O
the	O
lack	O
of	O
positive	O
specimens	O
).	O

The	O
results	O
indicated	O
that	O
the	O
rMLA	B-PRGE
is	O
a	O
sensitive	O
,	O
specific	O
detection	O
tool	O
and	O
comparable	O
to	O
real	O
-	O
time	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
,	O
especially	O
suitable	O
for	O
high	O
-	O
throughput	O
detection	O
of	O
respiratory	O
specimens	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Estradiol	B-CHED
mediates	O
the	O
long	O
-	O
lasting	O
lung	B-DISO
inflammation	I-DISO
induced	O
by	O
intestinal	B-DISO
ischemia	I-DISO
and	O
reperfusion	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Lung	O
inflammation	O
is	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
main	O
consequences	O
of	O
intestinal	B-DISO
ischemia	I-DISO
reperfusion	O
(	O
intestinal	B-ANAT
IR	O
)	O
and	O
,	O
in	O
severe	O
cases	O
,	O
can	O
lead	O
to	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
and	O
death	B-PROC
.	O

Furthermore	O
,	O
our	O
data	O
confirm	O
that	O
the	O
inflammatory	B-DISO
responses	I-DISO
caused	O
by	O
intestinal	B-ANAT
IR	O
are	O
estradiol	B-CHED
mediated	O
.	O

ATII	O
cells	B-COMP
regulate	O
the	O
immune	B-PROC
response	I-PROC
by	O
synthesizing	O
surfactant	B-CHED
and	O
other	O
anti	O
-	O
inflammatory	O
proteins	B-CHED
and	O
lipids	B-CHED
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
We	O
evaluated	O
the	O
microbiological	O
diagnosis	O
in	O
14	O
patients	O
with	O
epidemiological	O
and	O
clinical	O
suspicion	O
of	O
Middle	O
East	O
Respiratory	O
Syndrome	O
Coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
attended	O
in	O
a	O
non	O
-	O
endemic	O
area	O
between	O
June	O
2015	O
and	O
January	O
2017	O
.	O

While	O
no	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
was	O
detected	O
,	O
other	O
respiratory	O
viruses	B-SPEC
were	O
identified	O
in	O
12	O
cases	O
and	O
Mycoplasma	B-SPEC
pneumoniae	I-SPEC
in	O
1	O
case	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Porcine	B-SPEC
epidemic	I-SPEC
diarrhea	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
)	O
is	O
a	O
devastating	O
cause	O
of	O
diarrhea	B-DISO
in	O
pigs	B-SPEC
worldwide	O
.	O

Here	O
,	O
using	O
the	O
Illumina	O
MiSeq	O
platform	O
,	O
we	O
examined	O
and	O
compared	O
the	O
impact	O
of	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
on	O
the	O
GM	O
of	O
sows	O
and	O
their	O
piglets	O
less	O
than	O
10	O
days	O
old	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Activation	O
of	O
the	O
c	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
Jun	I-PRGE
NH	O
ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Mitogen	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
activated	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
kinases	I-PRGE
(	O
MAPKs	O
)	O
are	O
conserved	O
protein	O
kinases	O
that	O
regulate	O
a	O
variety	O
of	O
important	O
cellular	B-COMP
signaling	B-PROC
pathways	B-PROC
.	O

Previously	O
,	O
activation	O
of	O
the	O
JNK	B-PROC
pathway	I-PROC
has	O
been	O
detected	O
in	O
cells	B-COMP
infected	O
with	O
several	O
coronaviruses	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Since	O
the	O
emergence	O
of	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
in	O
2012	O
,	O
there	O
have	O
been	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
clusters	B-CHED
of	O
human	B-SPEC
-	O
to	O
-	O
human	B-SPEC
transmission	O
.	O

In	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
we	O
sequenced	O
whole	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
genomes	O
directly	O
from	O
respiratory	B-ANAT
samples	I-ANAT
collected	O
from	O
23	O
confirmed	O
MERS	O
cases	O
in	O
the	O
United	O
Arab	O
Emirates	O
(	O
UAE	O
).	O

Using	O
a	O
nationally	O
representative	O
database	O
,	O
patients	O
who	O
were	O
admitted	O
to	O
the	O
ICU	O
with	O
a	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
or	O
an	O
ARDS	B-DISO
risk	O
factor	O
,	O
received	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
,	O
and	O
were	O
treated	O
with	O
a	O
continuous	O
infusion	O
of	O
neuromuscular	O
blocking	B-DISO
agent	O
for	O
at	O
least	O
2	O
days	O
within	O
2	O
days	O
of	O
hospital	O
admission	O
were	O
included	O
.	O

To	O
identify	O
the	O
molecular	O
characteristics	O
of	O
the	O
PEDV	B-PRGE
Spike	I-PRGE
(	I-PRGE
S	I-PRGE
)	I-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
in	O
Mexico	O
,	O
116	O
samples	O
of	O
the	O
intestine	B-ANAT
and	O
diarrhea	B-DISO
of	O
piglets	O
with	O
clinical	O
signs	O
of	O
porcine	B-SPEC
epidemic	B-DISO
diarrhea	I-DISO
(	O
PED	O
)	O
were	O
obtained	O
.	O

After	O
amplification	B-DISO
of	O
the	O
S	B-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
,	O
the	O
obtained	O
products	O
were	O
sequenced	O
and	O
assembled	O
.	O

A	O
phylogenetic	O
analysis	O
determined	O
the	O
circulation	O
of	O
G2b	O
and	O
INDEL	B-PROC
strains	O
in	O
Mexico	O
.	O

For	O
norovirus	O
,	O
the	O
simulation	O
results	O
suggested	O
that	O
the	O
fomite	O
route	O
played	O
the	O
dominant	O
role	O
(	O
contributes	O
85	O
%,	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
:	O
83	O
%-	O
87	O
%)	O
in	O
most	O
cases	O
;	O
as	O
a	O
result	O
,	O
passengers	O
in	O
aisle	O
seats	O
had	O
a	O
significantly	O
higher	O
infection	B-DISO
risk	O
than	O
others	O
(	O
RR	O
:	O
9	O
.	O
5	O
,	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
:	O
1	O
.	O
2	O
-	O
77	O
.	O
4	O
,	O
P	O
=	O
.	O
022	O
).	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Mobile	O
extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenation	B-PROC
(	O
ECMO	B-PROC
)	O
retrieval	O
teams	O
(	O
MERTs	O
)	O
assure	O
ECMO	B-PROC
implantation	B-PROC
and	O
under	O
-	O
ECMO	B-PROC
retrieval	O
of	O
patients	O
with	O
most	O
severe	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
(	O
ARF	B-DISO
)	O
to	O
experienced	O
ECMO	B-PROC
centers	O
.	O

RNA	O
viruses	B-SPEC
,	O
including	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
,	O
can	O
interact	O
with	O
a	O
large	O
number	O
of	O
pattern	O
recognition	O
receptors	O
(	O
PRRs	B-DISO
)	O
in	O
the	O
intestinal	B-ANAT
mucosa	I-ANAT
,	O
including	O
toll	O
-	O
like	O
receptors	O
(	O
TLRs	O
)	O
and	O
RIG	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
I	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
like	I-PRGE
receptors	I-PRGE
(	O
RLRs	O
).	O

We	O
investigated	O
the	O
differential	O
gene	O
modulation	O
of	O
TLRs	O
,	O
RIG	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
I	I-PRGE
,	O
and	O
downstream	O
mediators	O
on	O
the	O
intestinal	B-ANAT
mucosa	I-ANAT
of	O
neonatal	O
pigs	B-SPEC
infected	O
with	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
S	O
-	O
INDEL	B-PROC
and	O
non	O
-	O
S	O
-	O
INDEL	B-PROC
strains	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
A	O
Systematic	O
,	O
Thematic	O
Review	O
of	O
Social	O
and	O
Occupational	O
Factors	O
Associated	O
With	O
Psychological	B-DISO
Outcomes	O
in	O
Healthcare	O
Employees	O
During	O
an	O
Infectious	B-DISO
Disease	I-DISO
Outbreak	O
.	O

It	O
provides	O
a	O
description	O
of	O
key	O
epidemiologic	O
events	O
and	O
news	O
released	O
from	O
a	O
prime	O
daily	O
newspaper	O
and	O
main	O
Emergency	O
Risk	O
Communication	O
(	O
ERC	B-COMP
)	O
actions	O
that	O
were	O
undertaken	O
by	O
public	O
health	O
authorities	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Human	B-SPEC
respiratory	I-SPEC
syncytial	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
usually	O
causes	O
self	O
-	O
limiting	O
upper	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
and	O
occasionally	O
causes	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
in	O
immunocompromised	O
hosts	B-COMP
.	O

Here	O
,	O
we	O
analyzed	O
the	O
effects	O
of	O
the	O
plant	B-SPEC
compound	O
silvestrol	B-CHED
,	O
a	O
specific	O
inhibitor	B-CHED
of	O
the	O
DEAD	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
box	I-PRGE
RNA	I-PRGE
helicase	I-PRGE
eIF4A	I-PRGE
,	O
on	O
viral	O
translation	B-PROC
using	O
a	O
dual	O
luciferase	B-ENZY
assay	O
and	O
virus	B-SPEC
-	O
infected	O
primary	O
cells	B-COMP
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
report	O
a	O
case	O
of	O
bilateral	O
central	B-DISO
retinal	I-DISO
artery	I-DISO
occlusion	B-PROC
with	O
both	O
anterior	O
and	O
posterior	B-DISO
ischemic	I-DISO
optic	I-DISO
neuropathy	I-DISO
.	O

A	O
65	O
-	O
year	O
-	O
old	O
Caucasian	O
woman	O
presented	O
with	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
and	O
septic	B-DISO
shock	I-DISO
.	O

Of	O
234	O
patients	O
with	O
ARDS	B-DISO
(	O
age	O
62	O
.	O
3	O
±	O
14	O
.	O
3	O
years	O
;	O
88	O
/	O
37	O
.	O
6	O
%	O
female	O
;	O
APACHE	O
II	O
26	O
.	O
8	O
±	O
8	O
.	O
3	O
;	O
26	O
.	O
5	O
%	O
ICU	O
mortality	O
;	O
32	O
.	O
1	O
%	O
hospital	O
mortality	O
),	O
94	O
(	O
40	O
.	O
2	O
%)	O
had	O
at	O
least	O
one	O
major	O
BCCE	O
-	O
detected	O
abnormality	O
.	O

BCCE	O
abnormalities	O
were	O
common	O
,	O
but	O
only	O
severe	O
ACP	B-DISO
had	O
prognostic	O
significance	O
in	O
ARDS	B-DISO
,	O
identifying	O
patients	O
who	O
are	O
at	O
increased	O
risk	O
of	O
ICU	O
and	O
hospital	O
mortality	O
.	O

A	O
cross	O
-	O
sectional	O
survey	O
(	O
N	O
=	O
533	O
)	O
among	O
residents	O
of	O
Hong	O
Kong	O
was	O
conducted	O
to	O
assess	O
the	O
relationships	O
between	O
the	O
effects	O
of	O
outbreak	O
-	O
related	O
mass	O
media	B-ANAT
coverage	O
,	O
interpersonal	O
communication	O
,	O
the	O
perceived	O
level	O
of	O
concern	O
in	O
one	O
'	O
s	O
close	O
environment	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
uptake	O
of	O
preventive	O
measures	O
.	O

Ten	O
clinical	O
trials	O
conducted	O
at	O
Acute	B-DISO
Respiratory	I-DISO
Distress	I-DISO
Syndrome	I-DISO
Network	O
hospitals	O
between	O
1996	O
and	O
2013	O
.	O

Among	O
2	O
,	O
994	O
participants	O
(	O
mean	O
age	O
,	O
51	O
.	O
3	O
yr	O
;	O
54	O
%	O
male	O
)	O
with	O
a	O
study	O
-	O
entry	O
partial	B-PROC
pressure	I-PROC
of	I-PROC
oxygen	I-PROC
in	O
arterial	B-ANAT
blood	I-ANAT
/	O
fraction	O
of	O
inspired	B-PROC
oxygen	B-CHED
that	O
met	B-CHED
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
criteria	O
,	O
average	O
cumulative	O
above	O
goal	O
oxygen	B-CHED
exposure	O
was	O
0	O
.	O
24	O
fraction	O
of	O
inspired	B-PROC
oxygen	B-CHED
-	O
days	O
(	O
interquartile	O
range	O
,	O
0	O
-	O
0	O
.	O
38	O
).	O

Participants	O
with	O
above	O
goal	O
oxygen	B-CHED
exposure	O
were	O
more	O
likely	O
to	O
die	O
(	O
adjusted	O
interquartile	O
range	O
odds	O
ratio	O
,	O
1	O
.	O
20	O
;	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
,	O
1	O
.	O
11	O
-	O
1	O
.	O
31	O
)	O
and	O
have	O
lower	O
ventilator	O
-	O
free	O
days	O
(	O
adjusted	O
interquartile	O
range	O
mean	O
difference	O
of	O
-	O
0	O
.	O
83	O
;	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
,	O
-	O
1	O
.	O
18	O
to	O
-	O
0	O
.	O
48	O
)	O
and	O
lower	O
hospital	O
-	O
free	O
days	O
(	O
adjusted	O
interquartile	O
range	O
mean	O
difference	O
of	O
-	O
1	O
.	O
38	O
;	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
,	O
-	O
2	O
.	O
09	O
to	O
-	O
0	O
.	O
68	O
).	O

We	O
observed	O
a	O
dose	O
-	O
response	O
relationship	O
between	O
the	O
cumulative	O
above	O
goal	O
oxygen	B-CHED
exposure	O
and	O
worsened	O
clinical	O
outcomes	O
for	O
participants	O
with	O
mild	O
,	O
moderate	O
,	O
or	O
severe	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
,	O
suggesting	O
that	O
the	O
observed	O
relationship	O
is	O
not	O
primarily	O
influenced	O
by	O
severity	O
of	O
illness	O
.	O

Oxygen	B-CHED
exposure	O
resulting	O
in	O
arterial	B-ANAT
oxygen	B-CHED
tensions	B-DISO
above	O
the	O
protocol	O
goal	O
occurred	O
frequently	O
and	O
was	O
associated	O
with	O
worse	O
clinical	O
outcomes	O
at	O
all	O
levels	O
of	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
severity	O
.	O

We	O
conditionally	O
deleted	O
the	O
Abca3	B-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
in	O
AT2	B-CHED
cells	B-COMP
in	O
the	O
mature	O
mouse	B-ANAT
lung	I-ANAT
.	O

mNGS	O
revealed	O
a	O
548	O
-	O
nucleotide	B-CHED
deletion	O
,	O
which	O
comprised	O
the	O
near	O
entirety	O
of	O
the	O
ORF4	B-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
,	O
and	O
no	O
minor	O
allele	O
variants	O
were	O
detected	O
to	O
suggest	O
a	O
mixed	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
is	O
a	O
pathological	O
condition	B-DISO
that	O
involves	O
diffuse	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
and	O
severe	O
hypoxemia	O
caused	O
by	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
and	O
systemic	O
diseases	O
.	O

In	O
α	O
-	O
GalCer	O
/	O
LPS	B-DISO
-	O
treated	O
mice	B-SPEC
,	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
CD4	B-PRGE

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
In	O
the	O
past	O
twenty	O
years	O
,	O
numerous	O
novel	O
zoonotic	O
viral	O
agents	O
with	O
pandemic	O
potential	O
have	O
emerged	O
in	O
China	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
the	O
severe	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
and	O
,	O
more	O
recently	O
,	O
the	O
avian	B-SPEC
-	O
origin	O
influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
/	O
H7N9	O
virus	B-SPEC
,	O
which	O
have	O
caused	O
outbreaks	O
among	O
humans	B-SPEC
with	O
high	O
morbidity	O
and	O
mortality	O
.	O

In	O
addition	O
,	O
several	O
emerging	O
and	O
re	O
-	O
emerging	O
viral	O
pathogens	O
have	O
also	O
been	O
imported	O
into	O
China	O
from	O
travelers	O
,	O
e	O
.	O
g	O
.	O
the	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
(	O
MERS	O
)	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
and	O
Zika	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
ZIKV	O
).	O

The	O
compact	O
cluster	O
of	O
beta	O
-	O
CoVs	O
from	O
R	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
ferrumequinum	I-SPEC
roosts	O
expands	O
the	O
current	O
viral	O
sequence	O
database	O
,	O
specifically	O
for	O
this	O
species	B-SPEC
in	O
Europe	O
.	O

Our	O
aim	O
was	O
to	O
determine	O
if	O
serum	B-COMP
MBL	O
levels	O
correlate	O
with	O
the	O
risk	O
of	O
mortality	O
in	O
intensive	O
care	O
units	O
(	O
ICU	O
)	O
patients	O
with	O
A	O
(	O
H1N1	O
)	O
pdm09	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

Prospective	O
observational	O
study	O
was	O
performed	O
in	O
ICU	O
patients	O
with	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
due	O
to	O
influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
(	O
H1N1	O
)	O
pdm09	O
virus	B-SPEC
.	O

Kaplan	O
-	O
Meier	O
analysis	O
demonstrated	O
a	O
strong	O
association	O
between	O
MBL	B-PRGE
levels	O
and	O
mortality	O
(	O
log	O
-	O
rank	O
7	O
.	O
8	O
,	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
005	O
).	O

This	O
study	O
shows	O
that	O
baseline	O
MBL	O
>	O
1870	O
ng	O
/	O
ml	O
is	O
associated	O
with	O
higher	O
mortality	O
in	O
ICU	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
A	O
(	O
H1N1	O
)	O
pdm09	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Correction	O
to	O
:	O
Simultaneous	O
detection	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
,	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
,	O
and	O
related	O
bat	B-ENZY
coronaviruses	O
by	O
real	O
-	O
time	O
reverse	B-PROC
transcription	I-PROC
PCR	O
.	O

Coronavirus	B-SPEC
entry	O
is	O
unusual	O
in	O
that	O
it	O
is	O
often	O
biphasic	O
in	O
nature	O
,	O
and	O
can	O
occur	O
at	O
or	O
near	O
the	O
cell	B-COMP
surface	I-COMP
or	O
in	O
late	O
endosomes	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
electrical	B-PROC
activity	I-PROC
of	O
the	O
diaphragm	B-ANAT
(	O
EAdi	O
)	O
shows	O
global	O
diaphragmatic	B-ANAT
activation	O
and	O
power	O
output	O
from	O
the	O
central	B-ANAT
nervous	I-ANAT
system	I-ANAT
.	O

Turning	O
off	O
the	O
sweep	O
gas	B-ENZY
flow	O
immediately	O
led	O
to	O
EAdi	O
elevation	O
,	O
followed	O
by	O
hypoxia	B-DISO
.	O

Severe	B-DISO
sepsis	I-DISO
is	O
also	O
associated	O
with	O
sepsis	B-DISO
-	O
induced	O
cardiomyopathy	B-DISO
,	O
a	O
reversible	O
myocardial	B-DISO
depression	I-DISO
.	O

Viruses	B-SPEC
associated	O
to	O
synanthropic	O
bat	B-ENZY
genera	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
Myotis	B-SPEC
or	O
Scotophilus	B-SPEC
were	O
associated	O
to	O
highly	O
transformed	O
habitats	O
with	O
human	B-SPEC
presence	O
while	O
viruses	B-SPEC
associated	O
to	O
fruit	O
bat	B-ENZY
genera	O
were	O
correlated	O
with	O
natural	O
environments	O
with	O
dense	O
forest	O
,	O
grassland	O
areas	O
and	O
regions	O
of	O
high	O
elevation	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
High	O
-	O
Frequency	O
Oscillatory	O
Ventilation	O
Use	O
and	O
Severe	O
Pediatric	O
ARDS	B-DISO
in	O
the	O
Pediatric	O
Hematopoietic	B-ANAT
Cell	I-ANAT
Transplant	B-ANAT
Recipient	O
.	O

We	O
sought	O
to	O
identify	O
current	O
practice	O
patterns	O
of	O
HFOV	O
,	O
investigate	O
parameters	O
during	O
HFOV	O
and	O
their	O
association	O
with	O
mortality	O
,	O
and	O
compare	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
HFOV	O
to	O
conventional	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
in	O
severe	O
pediatric	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

ExoN	O
excises	O
nucleotide	B-CHED
mismatches	O
at	O
the	O
RNA	O
3	O
'-	O
end	O
in	O
vitro	O
,	O
and	O
its	O
inactivation	B-DISO
in	O
vivo	O
jeopardizes	O
viral	O
genetic	O
stability	O
.	O

Infection	B-DISO
is	O
a	O
common	O
cause	O
in	O
children	O
,	O
whereas	O
adults	O
usually	O
present	O
with	O
pain	O
crises	O
.	O

A	O
plethora	O
of	O
pathogens	O
can	O
cause	O
these	O
diseases	O
,	O
with	O
the	O
transmissible	O
gastroenteritis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
)	O
and	O
enterotoxigenic	O
Escherichia	B-SPEC
coli	I-SPEC
K88	O
(	O
ETEC	O
)	O
being	O
two	O
of	O
the	O
most	O
salient	O
.	O

Lipoproteins	B-CHED
'	O
main	O
constituents	O
are	O
phospholipids	B-CHED
and	O
apolipoproteins	B-CHED
,	O
forming	O
a	O
corona	B-CHED
that	O
encloses	O
a	O
hydrophobic	O
core	O
of	O
triglycerides	B-CHED
and	O
cholesterol	B-CHED
esters	I-CHED
.	O

The	O
use	O
of	O
comprehensive	O
fever	B-PROC
syndromic	O
surveillance	O
,	O
with	O
enhanced	O
clinical	O
microbiology	O
,	O
advanced	O
diagnostics	O
and	O
more	O
robust	O
epidemiologic	O
investigation	O
,	O
could	O
enable	O
healthcare	O
providers	O
to	O
offer	O
a	O
differential	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
fever	B-PROC
syndrome	B-DISO
and	O
more	O
appropriate	O
care	O
and	O
treatment	O
.	O

Blood	B-ANAT
and	O
naso	B-SPEC
-	O
pharyngeal	B-ANAT
/	O
oral	B-ANAT
-	O
pharyngeal	B-ANAT
(	O
NP	O
/	O
OP	O
)	O
specimens	O
were	O
collected	O
and	O
analyzed	O
,	O
respectively	O
,	O
using	O
AFI	O
and	O
respiratory	O
TaqMan	O
Array	O
Cards	O
(	O
TAC	B-CHED
)	O
for	O
multi	O
-	O
pathogen	O
detection	O
of	O
57	O
potential	O
causative	O
agents	O
.	O

Of	O
the	O
57	O
agents	O
surveyed	O
,	O
Plasmodium	B-SPEC
was	O
the	O
most	O
common	O
agent	O
detected	O
.	O

Furthermore	O
,	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
OC43	I-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
of	O
human	B-SPEC
epithelial	O
and	O
neuronal	O
cell	B-ANAT
lines	I-ANAT
,	O
of	O
mixed	O
murine	B-SPEC
primary	O
cultures	O
from	O
the	O
central	O
nervous	O
system	O
and	O
of	O
mouse	B-ANAT
central	I-ANAT
nervous	B-DISO
system	I-ANAT
showed	O
that	O
the	O
E	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
is	O
critical	O
for	O
efficient	O
and	O
optimal	O
virus	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
and	O
propagation	O
,	O
and	O
thereby	O
for	O
neurovirulence	O
.	O

In	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
we	O
described	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
lateral	O
-	O
flow	O
dipstick	O
isothermal	O
recombinase	B-PRGE
polymerase	I-PRGE
amplification	B-DISO
(	O
LFD	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
RPA	I-PRGE
)	O
assays	O
for	O
detection	O
of	O
BEFV	O
.	O

RPA	B-COMP
primers	O
and	O
LF	O
probes	O
were	O
designed	O
by	O
targeting	B-PROC
the	O
specific	O
G	B-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
,	O
and	O
the	O
amplification	B-DISO
product	O
can	O
be	O
visualized	O
on	O
a	O
simple	O
lateral	O
flow	O
dipstick	O
with	O
the	O
naked	O
eyes	B-ANAT
.	O

The	O
RPA	B-COMP
combined	O
with	O
LFD	O
assay	O
probably	O
provides	O
a	O
rapid	O
and	O
sensitive	O
alternative	O
for	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
BEFV	O
infections	B-DISO
outbreak	O
.	O

This	O
suggests	O
that	O
CPK	B-PRGE
alone	O
may	O
not	O
be	O
a	O
sensitive	O
marker	O
for	O
rhabdomyolysis	B-DISO
-	O
induced	O
AKI	O
in	O
some	O
cases	O
.	O

As	O
of	O
November	O
2017	O
,	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
had	O
infected	O
at	O
least	O
2102	O
people	O
with	O
a	O
fatality	O
rate	O
of	O
about	O
35	O
%	O
globally	O
,	O
and	O
hence	O
there	O
is	O
an	O
urgent	O
need	O
to	O
identify	O
antiviral	B-CHED
drugs	I-CHED
that	O
are	O
active	O
against	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
.	O
Here	O
we	O
show	O
that	O
a	O
clinically	O
available	O
alcohol	O
-	O
aversive	O
drug	O
,	O
disulfiram	B-CHED
,	O
can	O
inhibit	O
the	O
papain	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
like	I-PRGE
proteases	I-PRGE
(	O
PL	O

First	O
,	O
we	O
evaluated	O
the	O
inhibitory	O
effects	O
of	O
compounds	O
2	O
and	O
3	O
on	O
PRRSV	B-SPEC
3CLSP	B-ENZY
activity	O
.	O

Fifteen	O
CRRT	O
patients	O
required	O
transition	B-DISO
to	O
intermittent	O
hemodialysis	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Human	B-SPEC
T	B-ANAT
-	I-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
immunity	B-PROC
against	O
the	O
emerging	O
and	O
re	O
-	O
emerging	O
viruses	B-SPEC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
is	O
an	O
inefficient	O
inducer	O
of	O
interferon	B-PRGE
(	O
IFN	B-PRGE
)	O
response	O
.	O

It	O
expresses	O
various	O
proteins	B-CHED
that	O
effectively	O
circumvent	O
IFN	B-PRGE
production	O
at	O
different	O
levels	O
via	O
distinct	O
mechanisms	O
.	O

We	O
also	O
found	O
that	O
proteins	B-CHED
8b	O
and	O
8ab	O
could	O
physically	O
interact	O
with	O
IRF3	B-PRGE
.	O

Although	O
this	O
is	O
possible	O
in	O
theory	O
,	O
it	O
does	O
not	O
explain	O
the	O
occurrence	O
of	O
ventilator	O
-	O
induced	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
(	O
VILI	O
)	O
in	O
lungs	B-ANAT
ventilated	O
with	O
much	O
lower	O
tidal	O
volumes	O
.	O

In	O
the	O
end	O
,	O
decreasing	O
mechanical	O
power	O
,	O
increasing	O
lung	B-ANAT
homogeneity	O
,	O
and	O
avoiding	O
reaching	B-PROC
the	O
anatomical	O
limits	O
of	O
the	O
'	O
baby	O
lung	B-ANAT
'	O
should	O
be	O
the	O
goals	O
for	O
safe	O
ventilation	O
in	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

Recently	O
diagnosed	O
immunodeficiency	B-DISO
is	O
associated	O
with	O
a	O
much	O
better	O
prognosis	O
in	O
ECMO	O
-	O
treated	O
severe	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
Recently	O
diagnosed	O
immunodeficiency	B-DISO
is	O
associated	O
with	O
a	O
much	O
better	O
prognosis	O
in	O
ECMO	O
-	O
treated	O
severe	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Middle	O
East	O
Respiratory	O
Syndrome	O
Coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
),	O
which	O
first	O
broken	O
out	O
in	O
Jeddah	O
in	O
2012	O
,	O
causes	O
a	O
severe	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
illness	O
with	O
a	O
high	O
mortality	O
rate	O
.	O

In	O
this	O
report	O
,	O
through	O
a	O
two	O
-	O
year	O
follow	O
-	O
up	O
of	O
a	O
special	O
bat	B-ENZY
population	O
in	O
one	O
specific	O
cave	O
of	O
south	O
China	O
,	O
we	O
illustrate	O
that	O
Ro	O
-	O
BatCoV	O
GCCDC1	O
persistently	O
circulates	O
among	O
bats	B-SPEC
.	O

Commercial	O
vaccines	O
against	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
are	O
available	O
but	O
their	O
efficacies	O
are	O
inadequate	O
.	O

Therefore	O
,	O
vaccines	O
with	O
improved	O
efficacy	O
are	O
needed	O
to	O
effectively	O
control	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
infections	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
vaccine	O
also	O
reduced	O
the	O
amount	O
of	O
PEDV	B-PRGE
antigen	B-CHED
in	O
intestinal	B-ANAT
tissues	B-ANAT
presented	O
with	O
intestinal	B-ANAT
villi	I-ANAT
regrowth	O
.	O

The	O
suckling	O
piglets	O
in	O
the	O
DC	O
-	O
targeted	B-PROC
vaccine	O
group	O
showed	O
increased	O
gross	O
pathological	O
lesions	O
in	O
the	O
small	B-ANAT
intestine	I-ANAT
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Free	O
-	O
Form	O
Deformation	O
Approach	O
for	O
Registration	O
of	O
Visible	O
and	O
Infrared	O
Facial	B-ANAT
Images	O
in	O
Fever	B-PROC
Screening	O
.	O

When	O
comparing	O
radial	O
versus	O
femoral	B-ANAT
,	O
there	O
was	O
no	O
significant	O
interaction	O
for	O
MACCE	O
and	O
NACE	O
stratified	O
by	O
sex	O
(	O
p	O
Women	O
showed	O
a	O
higher	O
risk	O
of	O
severe	O
bleeding	B-DISO
and	O
access	O
site	O
complications	O
,	O
and	O
radial	O
access	O
was	O
an	O
effective	O
method	O
to	O
reduce	O
these	O
complications	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
composite	O
ischemic	O
and	O
ischemic	O
or	O
bleeding	B-DISO
endpoints	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Acute	O
lower	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
tract	I-DISO
infections	I-DISO
(	O
ALRIs	O
)	O
caused	O
by	O
respiratory	B-SPEC
syncytial	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
RSV	B-SPEC
)	O
are	O
a	O
leading	O
cause	O
of	O
hospitalization	O
in	O
infants	O
.	O

Meta	B-SPEC
-	O
analyses	O
were	O
performed	O
on	O
extracted	O
data	O
using	O
STATA	O
statistical	O
software	O
,	O
and	O
hospitalisation	O
rates	O
for	O
children	O
with	O
and	O
without	O
DS	O
under	O
the	O
age	O
of	O
2	O
were	O
calculated	O
.	O

In	O
summary	O
,	O
IBV	B-SPEC
M41	O
replication	O
in	O
infected	O
HD11	O
macrophages	B-ANAT
seems	O
to	O
induce	O
mitochondrial	B-COMP
bioenergy	O
failure	O
,	O
acting	O
as	O
a	O
respiratory	B-COMP
chain	I-COMP
uncoupler	O
,	O
without	O
compromising	O
viral	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
.	O

The	O
gender	O
,	O
age	O
,	O
onset	O
to	O
diagnosis	O
time	O
,	O
acute	O
physiology	O
and	O
chronic	O
health	O
evaluation	O
II	O
(	O
APACHE	O
II	O
)	O
score	O
,	O
oxygenation	B-PROC
index	O
(	O
PaO	B-PROC
There	O
was	O
no	O
significant	O
difference	O
in	O
gender	O
,	O
age	O
,	O
onset	O
to	O
diagnosis	O
time	O
,	O
APACHE	O
II	O
score	O
,	O
PaO	B-PROC
Early	O
bundle	O
therapy	O
has	O
a	O
significant	O
effect	O
on	O
severe	O
human	B-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
by	O
avian	B-DISO
influenza	I-DISO
H7N9	O
,	O
which	O
can	O
improve	O
the	O
prognosis	O
and	O
reduce	O
the	O
mortality	O
of	O
patients	O
.	O

The	O
clinical	O
data	O
of	O
patients	O
,	O
including	O
gender	O
,	O
age	O
,	O
heart	B-ANAT
rate	O
(	O
HR	O
)	O
and	O
blood	B-PROC
pressure	I-PROC
within	O
24	O
hours	O
after	O
admission	O
to	O
the	O
hospital	O
,	O
indicators	O
of	O
blood	B-ANAT
routine	O
and	O
blood	O
biochemistry	O
,	O
severity	O
of	O
disease	O
,	O
severity	O
of	O
trauma	O
,	O
whether	O
received	O
the	O
emergency	B-DISO
intubation	O
or	O
surgery	O
within	O
24	O
hours	O
or	O
not	O
,	O
whether	O
developed	O
sepsis	B-DISO
or	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
during	O
hospitalization	O
,	O
were	O
recorded	O
,	O
and	O
univariate	O
analysis	O
was	O
conducted	O
.	O

Compared	O
with	O
non	O
-	O
MODS	B-DISO
group	O
,	O
HR	O
,	O
Na	O
MODS	B-DISO
warning	O
score	O
is	O
composed	O
of	O
five	O
factors	O
,	O
including	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
injured	O
places	O
,	O
shock	O
at	O
admission	O
,	O
APACHE	O
II	O
score	O
,	O
SOFA	O
score	O
and	O
APTT	O
,	O
which	O
could	O
be	O
regarded	O
as	O
early	O
warning	O
score	O
system	O
for	O
predicting	O
MODS	B-DISO
in	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
trauma	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Acute	O
respiratory	O
distress	O
syndrome	O
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
),	O
characterized	O
by	O
acute	O
hypoxic	B-DISO
respiratory	B-DISO
dysfunction	I-DISO
or	O
failure	O
,	O
is	O
a	O
manifestation	O
of	O
multiple	B-DISO
organ	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
(	O
MOF	B-DISO
)	O
in	O
the	O
lung	B-ANAT
,	O
which	O
often	O
caused	O
by	O
various	O
non	O
-	O
cardiac	B-ANAT
reasons	O
,	O
included	O
severe	O
trauma	O
,	O
infection	B-DISO
,	O
shock	O
;	O
and	O
the	O
most	O
common	O
risk	O
factor	O
is	O
sepsis	B-DISO
which	O
would	O
cause	O
uncontrolled	O
host	B-PROC
response	I-PROC
to	O
infecting	O
factors	O
.	O

Therefore	O
,	O
to	O
explore	O
the	O
signal	B-PROC
transduction	I-PROC
pathway	I-PROC
of	O
α	O
-	O
AR	O
,	O
during	O
sepsis	B-DISO
,	O
is	O
important	O
for	O
revealing	O
the	O
mechanism	O
of	O
sepsis	B-DISO
-	O
induced	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

We	O
retrospectively	O
analyzed	O
the	O
clinico	O
pathological	O
presentation	O
of	O
20	O
cases	O
of	O
tenofovir	B-CHED
-	O
induced	O
tubulopathy	O
,	O
and	O
investigated	O
the	O
renal	B-ANAT
expression	B-PROC
of	O
the	O
megalin	B-PRGE
and	O
cubilin	B-PRGE
proteins	I-PRGE
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
the	O
mitochondrial	B-COMP
respiratory	I-COMP
chain	I-COMP
activity	O
.	O

Data	O
from	O
36	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
treated	O
with	O
VV	O
-	O
ECMO	O
at	O
a	O
University	O
Hospital	O
intensive	O
care	O
unit	O
(	O
ICU	O
)	O
were	O
analyzed	O
retrospectively	O
.	O

Patients	O
suffering	B-DISO
from	O
severe	O
hemorrhage	B-DISO
had	O
a	O
lower	O
survival	O
rate	O
on	O
VV	O
-	O
ECMO	O
(	O
43	O
%	O
Severe	O
hemorrhage	B-DISO
under	O
VV	O
-	O
ECMO	O
is	O
associated	O
with	O
higher	O
mortality	O
.	O

This	O
study	O
demonstrates	O
that	O
in	O
C57BL	O
/	O
6J	O
mice	B-SPEC
,	O
depending	O
on	O
the	O
parasite	O
species	B-SPEC
,	O
malaria	B-PATH
-	O
induced	O
liver	B-ANAT
pathology	B-DISO
results	O
in	O
different	O
manifestations	O
,	O
which	O
may	O
contribute	O
to	O
the	O
different	O
outcomes	O
.	O

On	O
the	O
contrary	O
,	O
in	O
P	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
chabaudi	I-SPEC
AS	O
infected	O
mice	B-SPEC
the	O
antioxidant	B-CHED
enzymes	O
and	O
the	O
lipid	B-CHED
content	O
and	O
composition	O
were	O
normal	O
or	O
even	O
lower	O
than	O
uninfected	O
controls	O
.	O

Hypothermic	O
patients	O
were	O
more	O
severely	O
injured	O
(	O
ISS	B-DISO
35	O
.	O
6	O
±	O
11	O
.	O
1	O
vs	O
.	O
31	O
.	O
2	O
±	O
10	O
.	O
1	O
,	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
001	O
;	O
APACHE	O
II	O
18	O
.	O
1	O
±	O
7	O
.	O
4	O
vs	O
.	O
16	O
.	O
2	O
±	O
7	O
.	O
3	O
,	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
045	O
)	O
and	O
had	O
a	O
higher	O
transfusion	O
requirement	O
.	O

Accidental	O
hypothermia	O
seems	O
to	O
have	O
a	O
negative	O
impact	O
on	O
neurological	O
recovery	O
in	O
older	O
patients	O
with	O
multiple	O
injuries	O
including	O
traumatic	O
brain	B-ANAT
injury	O
which	O
outweighs	O
potential	O
benefits	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Extracorporeal	O
Membrane	B-COMP
Oxygenation	B-PROC
for	O
Refractory	O
Severe	O
Respiratory	B-DISO
Failure	I-DISO
in	O
Acute	B-DISO
Interstitial	B-ANAT
Pneumonia	I-DISO
.	O

ECMO	O
allowed	O
AIP	B-DISO
diagnosis	O
and	O
treatment	O
in	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
refractory	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
,	O
therefore	O
reducing	O
ventilator	O
-	O
induced	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
and	O
bridging	O
lung	B-ANAT
recovery	O
in	O
two	O
patients	O
.	O

Established	O
models	O
of	O
severe	O
ARDS	B-DISO
(	O
rabbit	B-SPEC
,	O
pig	B-SPEC
)	O
were	O
used	O
.	O

Although	O
injury	O
during	O
muscle	B-ANAT
paralysis	O
was	O
predominantly	O
in	O
nondependent	O
and	O
middle	O
lung	B-ANAT
regions	O
at	O
low	O
(	O
vs	O
.	O
high	O
)	O
PEEP	B-CHED
,	O
strong	O
inspiratory	B-PROC
effort	B-PROC
increased	O
injury	O
(	O
indicated	O
by	O
positron	B-CHED
emission	B-ANAT
tomography	O
and	O
histology	O
)	O
in	O
dependent	O
lung	B-ANAT
.	O

Strong	O
effort	B-PROC
increased	O
dependent	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
,	O
where	O
higher	O
local	O
lung	B-ANAT
stress	O
and	O
stretch	O
was	O
generated	O
;	O
effort	B-PROC
-	O
dependent	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
was	O
minimized	O
by	O
high	O
PEEP	B-CHED
in	O
severe	O
ARDS	B-DISO
,	O
which	O
may	O
offset	O
need	O
for	O
paralysis	O
.	O

Clinical	O
relevance	O
between	O
CFs	O
and	O
ALI	O
/	O
ARDS	B-DISO
was	O
investigated	O
.	O

The	O
greater	O
number	O
of	O
CFs	B-DISO
in	O
the	O
ALI	O
/	O
ARDS	B-DISO
group	O
implied	O
higher	O
degree	O
of	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
and	O
more	O
severe	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
fibrosis	I-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Harmful	O
effects	O
of	O
spontaneous	O
breathing	B-PROC
have	O
been	O
shown	O
in	O
experimental	O
severe	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
).	O

Thirty	O
-	O
five	O
Wistar	B-SPEC
rats	I-SPEC
(	O
weight	O
±	O
SD	O
,	O
310	O
±	O
19	O
)	O
g	O
received	O
Escherichia	B-SPEC
coli	I-SPEC
lipopolysaccharide	B-CHED
(	O
LPS	B-DISO
)	O
intratracheally	O
.	O

After	O
24	O
h	O
,	O
the	O
animals	B-SPEC
were	O
anaesthetised	O
and	O
randomly	O
allocated	O
to	O
either	O
PCV	B-CHED
(	O
n	O
=	O
14	O
)	O
or	O
PSV	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
14	O
)	O
groups	O
.	O

Peak	O
transpulmonary	O
pressure	O
correlated	O
positively	O
with	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
6	I-FUNC
[	O
Spearman	O
'	O
s	O
rho	O
(	O
ρ	O
)	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
62	O
,	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
0007	O
]	O
and	O
CINC	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
expressions	O
(	O
ρ	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
50	O
,	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
01	O
)	O
and	O
negatively	O
with	O
E	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
cadherin	I-PRGE
expression	B-PROC
(	O
ρ	O
=	O
-	O
0	O
.	O
67	O
,	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
0002	O
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Ulinastatin	B-PRGE
Protects	O
Against	O
LPS	B-DISO
-	O
Induced	O
Acute	O
Lung	B-ANAT
Injury	O
By	O
Attenuating	O
TLR4	B-PRGE
/	O
NF	O
-	O
κB	O
Pathway	B-PROC
Activation	O
and	O
Reducing	O
Inflammatory	O
Mediators	O
.	O

Neutrophil	B-ANAT
extracellular	B-COMP
traps	B-DISO
(	O
NETs	O
)	O
can	O
be	O
induced	O
by	O
pathogens	O
and	O
are	O
responsible	O
for	O
immune	O
tissue	B-ANAT
damage	O
.	O

Here	O
,	O
we	O
sought	O
to	O
determine	O
the	O
prevalence	O
of	O
different	O
respiratory	O
viruses	B-SPEC
during	O
asthma	B-PATH
exacerbations	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Correction	O
to	O
:	O
Detection	O
and	O
full	O
genome	O
characterization	O
of	O
two	O
beta	O
CoV	O
viruses	B-SPEC
related	O
to	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
from	O
bats	B-SPEC
in	O
Italy	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Feline	B-SPEC
coronavirus	B-SPEC
:	O
Insights	O
into	O
viral	B-DISO
pathogenesis	I-DISO
based	O
on	O
the	O
spike	O
protein	B-CHED
structure	O
and	O
function	O
.	O

We	O
describe	O
the	O
specific	O
structural	O
characteristics	O
of	O
the	O
FCoV	O
S	O
,	O
in	O
comparison	O
with	O
other	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
spikes	O
.	O

A	O
total	O
of	O
749	O
suspected	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
patients	O
presenting	O
at	O
Johns	O
Hopkins	O
Aramco	O
Healthcare	O
,	O
Saudi	O
Arabia	O
,	O
each	O
submitted	O
a	O
clinical	O
sample	O
for	O
influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
reflex	B-PROC
testing	O
using	O
the	O
on	O
-	O
site	O
Cepheid	B-PRGE
®	I-PRGE
Xpert	I-PRGE
Flu	I-PRGE
assay	O
and	O
at	O
the	O
Ministry	O
of	O
Health	O
laboratory	O
by	O
the	O
Roche	O
PCR	O
assay	O
.	O

Specificity	O
of	O
the	O
Cepheid	B-PRGE
®	I-PRGE
Xpert	I-PRGE
Flu	I-PRGE
was	O
95	O
.	O
8	O
%	O
for	O
H1N1	O
and	O
94	O
.	O
4	O
%	O
for	O
total	O
influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
.	O
Cepheid	O
®	O
Xpert	O
Flu	B-DISO
sensitivity	O
for	O
influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
was	O
100	O
%	O
for	O
younger	O
patients	O
(	O
0	O
-	O
19	O
-	O
year	O
age	O
group	O
)	O
but	O
significantly	O
lower	O
both	O
for	O
older	O
patients	O
(	O
68	O
.	O
2	O
%	O
for	O
60	O
-	O
79	O
-	O
year	O
and	O
50	O
%	O
for	O
≥	O
80	O
-	O
year	O
age	O
groups	O
)	O
and	O
overall	O
for	O
males	O
compared	O
to	O
females	O
(	O
72	O
.	O
6	O
%	O
and	O
94	O
.	O
0	O
%,	O
respectively	O
).	O

Specificity	O
of	O
the	O
Cepheid	O
®	O
Xpert	O
Flu	B-DISO
test	O
was	O
high	O
;	O
however	O
,	O
sensitivity	O
for	O
total	O
influenza	B-DISO
A	I-PATH
was	O
lower	O
particularly	O
in	O
males	O
and	O
older	O
patients	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Safety	O
and	O
tolerability	O
of	O
a	O
novel	O
,	O
polyclonal	O
human	B-SPEC
anti	O
-	O
MERS	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
antibody	B-COMP
produced	O
from	O
transchromosomic	O
cattle	O
:	O
a	O
phase	O
1	O
randomised	O
,	O
double	O
-	O
blind	B-DISO
,	O
single	O
-	O
dose	O
-	O
escalation	O
study	O
.	O

The	O
results	O
suggest	O
differential	O
expression	B-PROC
of	O
chicken	B-SPEC
interferon	B-PRGE
,	O
among	O
them	O
type	B-PRGE
I	I-PRGE
IFN	I-PRGE
elaborate	O
a	O
major	O
role	O
in	O
fighting	O
off	O
virus	B-SPEC
.	O

This	O
study	O
provides	O
the	O
first	O
comprehensive	O
analysis	O
of	O
host	O
-	O
virus	B-SPEC
interactions	O
of	O
IBV	B-SPEC
with	O
chicken	B-SPEC
innate	B-DISO
immune	I-DISO
response	I-DISO
mediated	O
by	O
interferon	B-PRGE
in	O
various	O
groups	O
.	O

Commercial	O
-	O
inactivated	O
vaccines	O
against	O
avian	B-DISO
influenza	I-DISO
(	O
AI	O
)	O
and	O
Newcastle	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
(	O
ND	O
)	O
viruses	B-SPEC
,	O
and	O
living	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
IBV	B-SPEC
)	O
vaccine	O
were	O
administered	O
by	O
spray	O
method	O
.	O

Blood	B-ANAT
samples	I-ANAT
were	O
collected	O
from	O
birds	B-SPEC
1	O
week	O
after	O
each	O
vaccination	O
to	O
determine	O
antibody	B-COMP
titers	O
.	O

We	O
amplified	O
partial	O
RNA	O
-	O
dependent	O
RNA	B-PRGE
polymerase	I-PRGE
genes	I-PRGE
of	O
Alpha	O
and	O
Betacoronavirus	B-SPEC
together	O
with	O
the	O
partial	B-PRGE
polymerase	I-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
of	O
Paramyxovirus	O
.	O

Identified	O
coronaviruses	O
were	O
related	O
to	O
pathogenic	O
human	O
strains	O
and	O
the	O
paramyxovirus	O
belonged	O
to	O
the	O
recently	O
described	O
Jeilongvirus	O
genus	B-SPEC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
coronavirus	O
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
is	O
a	O
zoonotic	O
virus	B-SPEC
from	O
camels	B-SPEC
causing	O
significant	O
mortality	O
and	O
morbidity	O
in	O
humans	B-SPEC
in	O
the	O
Arabian	O
Peninsula	O
.	O

The	O
epidemiology	O
of	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
remains	O
poorly	O
understood	O
,	O
and	O
while	O
case	O
-	O
based	O
and	O
seroepidemiological	O
studies	O
have	O
been	O
employed	O
extensively	O
throughout	O
the	O
epidemic	O
,	O
viral	O
sequence	O
data	O
have	O
not	O
been	O
utilised	O
to	O
their	O
full	O
potential	O
.	O

Without	O
heretofore	O
unseen	O
evolution	O
of	O
host	B-COMP
tropism	B-PROC
,	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
is	O
unlikely	O
to	O
become	O
endemic	O
in	O
humans	B-SPEC
.	O

However	O
,	O
the	O
prevalence	O
of	O
IBV	B-SPEC
strains	O
in	O
Malaysia	O
is	O
poorly	O
characterized	O
.	O

Group	O
1	O
(	O
IBS124	O
/	O
2015	O
,	O
IBS125	O
/	O
2015	O
,	O
IBS126	O
/	O
2015	O
,	O
IBS130	O
/	O
2015	O
,	O
IBS131	O
/	O
2015	O
,	O
IBS138	O
/	O
2015	O
,	O
and	O
IBS142	O
/	O
2015	O
)	O
shared	O
90	O
%-	O
95	O
%	O
nucleotide	B-CHED
and	O
deduced	O
amino	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
similarities	O
to	O
the	O
QX	O
-	O
like	O
strain	O
.	O

Meanwhile	O
,	O
IBV	O
isolates	O
in	O
Group	O
2	O
(	O
IBS037A	O
/	O
2015	O
,	O
IBS037B	O
/	O
2015	O
,	O
IBS051	O
/	O
2015	O
,	O
and	O
IBS180	O
/	O
2015	O
)	O
were	O
91	O
.	O
62	O
%	O
and	O
89	O
.	O
09	O
%	O
identical	O
to	O
Malaysian	O
variant	O
strain	O
MH5365	O
/	O
95	O
(	O
EU086600	O
)	O
at	O
nucleotide	B-CHED
and	O
amino	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
levels	O
,	O
respectively	O
.	O

A	O
focal	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
and	O
inhaled	B-PROC
nitric	B-CHED
oxide	I-CHED
therapy	O
were	O
more	O
frequent	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
a	O
positive	O
response	O
to	O
almitrine	B-CHED
.	O

Importantly	O
,	O
epigenetic	O
analysis	O
suggested	O
that	O
DNA	B-PROC
methylation	I-PROC
,	O
rather	O
than	O
histone	B-PROC
modification	I-PROC
,	O
plays	O
a	O
crucial	O
role	O
in	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
-	O
mediated	O
antagonism	O
of	O
antigen	B-CHED
-	O
presentation	O
gene	B-PROC
expression	I-PROC
;	O
in	O
contrast	O
,	O
H5N1	B-DISO
-	O
VN1203	O
likely	O
utilizes	O
a	O
combination	O
of	O
epigenetic	O
mechanisms	O
to	O
target	O
antigen	B-PROC
presentation	I-PROC
.	O

A	O
higher	O
white	B-ANAT
blood	I-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
count	O
(	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
)	O
and	O
the	O
complications	O
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
(	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
004	O
)	O
and	O
encephalopathy	B-DISO
(	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
004	O
)	O
were	O
associated	O
with	O
mortality	O
.	O

Kidney	B-ANAT
biopsy	O
was	O
done	O
in	O
13	O
patients	O
.	O

On	O
renal	B-ANAT
histology	O
,	O
ATN	B-DISO
and	O
AIN	O
are	O
common	O
.	O

Data	O
on	O
the	O
treatment	O
of	O
and	O
the	O
outcomes	O
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
were	O
collected	O
to	O
determine	O
the	O
clinical	O
characteristics	O
associated	O
with	O
ICU	O
mortality	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
During	O
the	O
8	O
-	O
year	O
study	O
period	O
,	O
among	O
a	O
total	O
of	O
821	O
patients	O
with	O
ARDS	B-DISO
admitted	O
to	O
the	O
ICU	O
,	O
all	O
185	O
patients	O
with	O
hematological	B-DISO
malignancies	I-DISO
were	O
included	O
in	O
the	O
analysis	O
.	O

SPC	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
TK	I-PRGE
mice	B-SPEC
express	O
the	O
inducible	O
suicide	B-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
thymidine	I-PRGE
kinase	I-PRGE
from	O
by	O
the	O
SPC	B-PRGE
promoter	I-PRGE
,	O
which	O
targets	O
alveolar	B-ANAT
type	O
2	O
(	O
AT2	B-CHED
)	O
cells	B-COMP
for	O
depletion	O
in	O
response	O
to	O
ganciclovir	B-CHED
(	O
GCV	O
).	O

SPC	B-PRGE
-	O
TK	O
/	O
SPC	B-PRGE
-	O
KO	O
mice	B-SPEC
had	O
highly	O
elevated	O
inflammatory	O
cytokines	O
and	O
granulocyte	B-ANAT
infiltration	B-DISO
in	O
the	O
bronchoalveolar	O
lavage	O
(	O
BAL	B-ENZY
)	O
fluid	O
.	O

The	O
level	O
of	O
suppressor	O
of	O
cytokine	B-PROC
signaling	I-PROC
3	O
,	O
an	O
anti	O
-	O
inflammatory	O
mediator	O
that	O
decreases	O
pSTAT3	O
signaling	B-PROC
,	O
was	O
significantly	O
decreased	O
in	O
the	O
BAL	B-ENZY
fluid	O
of	O
SPC	B-PRGE
-	O
TK	O
/	O
SPC	B-PRGE
-	O
KO	O
mice	B-SPEC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
optimal	O
strategy	O
for	O
initiation	O
of	O
renal	O
replacement	O
therapy	O
(	O
RRT	O
)	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
acute	O
kidney	B-ANAT
injury	O
in	O
the	O
context	O
of	O
septic	B-DISO
shock	I-DISO
and	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
is	O
unknown	O
.	O

A	O
delayed	O
RRT	O
initiation	O
strategy	O
allowed	O
45	O
%	O
of	O
patients	O
with	O
septic	B-DISO
shock	I-DISO
and	O
46	O
%	O
of	O
patients	O
with	O
ARDS	B-DISO
to	O
escape	O
RRT	O
.	O

Renal	B-PROC
function	B-DISO
recovery	I-DISO
occurred	O
earlier	O
with	O
the	O
delayed	O
RRT	O
strategy	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
septic	B-DISO
shock	I-DISO
or	O
ARDS	B-DISO
(	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
001	O
and	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
003	O
,	O
respectively	O
).	O

Early	O
RRT	O
initiation	O
strategy	O
was	O
not	O
associated	O
with	O
any	O
improvement	O
of	O
60	O
-	O
day	O
mortality	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
acute	O
kidney	B-ANAT
injury	O
and	O
septic	B-DISO
shock	I-DISO
or	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
2015	O
Middle	O
East	O
Respiratory	O
Syndrome	B-DISO
Coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
outbreak	O
in	O
Korea	O
caused	O
major	O
economic	O
and	O
social	O
problems	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Interplay	O
between	O
co	O
-	O
divergence	O
and	O
cross	O
-	O
species	B-SPEC
transmission	O
in	O
the	O
evolutionary	O
history	O
of	O
bat	O
coronaviruses	O
.	O

In	O
sum	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
time	O
to	O
think	O
about	O
the	O
realistic	O
potential	O
of	O
Omics	O
biotechnologies	O
beyond	O
clinical	O
practice	O
and	O
precision	O
medicine	B-CHED
so	O
as	O
to	O
harness	O
the	O
opportunities	O
and	O
address	O
the	O
uncertainties	O
associated	O
not	O
only	O
with	O
GCBRs	O
but	O
also	O
with	O
other	O
emerging	O
Omics	O
applications	O
in	O
health	O
and	O
society	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
GBT1118	O
,	O
a	O
compound	O
that	O
increases	O
the	O
oxygen	B-PROC
affinity	I-PROC
of	O
hemoglobin	B-PRGE
,	O
improves	O
survival	O
in	O
murine	B-SPEC
hypoxic	B-DISO
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
is	O
characterized	O
by	O
lung	B-DISO
inflammation	I-DISO
and	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
edema	I-DISO
,	O
leading	O
to	O
arterial	B-ANAT
hypoxemia	O
and	O
death	B-PROC
if	O
the	O
hypoxemia	O
is	O
severe	O
.	O

The	O
therapeutic	O
effect	O
of	O
two	O
different	O
doses	O
of	O
GBT1118	O
,	O
a	O
compound	O
that	O
increases	O
the	O
oxygen	B-PROC
affinity	I-PROC
of	O
hemoglobin	B-PRGE
,	O
was	O
evaluated	O
in	O
a	O
murine	B-SPEC
model	O
of	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
induced	O
by	O
intratracheal	O
LPS	B-DISO
instillation	O
24	O
h	O
before	O
exposure	O
to	O
5	O
%	O
or	O
10	O
%	O
hypoxia	B-DISO
(	O
n	O
=	O
8	O
-	O
15	O
per	O
group	O
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Temporary	O
carriage	O
of	O
bovine	B-SPEC
coronavirus	B-SPEC
and	O
bovine	B-SPEC
respiratory	I-SPEC
syncytial	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
by	O
fomites	O
and	O
human	O
nasal	B-ANAT
mucosa	I-ANAT
after	O
exposure	O
to	O
infected	O
calves	O
.	O

Infective	O
virions	B-COMP
were	O
not	O
detected	O
in	O
mucosal	B-ANAT
swabs	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
2	O
).	O

A	O
high	O
viral	O
RNA	O
load	O
was	O
detected	O
on	O
97	O
%	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
44	O
)	O
of	O
the	O
fomites	O
24	O
h	O
after	O
exposure	O
,	O
and	O
infective	O
virions	B-COMP
were	O
detected	O
in	O
two	O
of	O
three	O
swabs	O
.	O

Of	O
the	O
fomites	O
,	O
89	O
%	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
38	O
)	O
were	O
positive	O
for	O
BRSV	B-SPEC
RNA	O
24	O
h	O
after	O
exposure	O
,	O
but	O
all	O
were	O
negative	O
for	O
infective	O
viruses	B-SPEC
.	O

Survival	O
outcomes	O
remain	O
unclear	O
in	O
those	O
who	O
develop	O
acute	O
kidney	B-ANAT
injury	O
(	O
AKI	O
)	O
requiring	O
continuous	O
renal	B-ANAT
replacement	O
therapy	O
(	O
CRRT	O
)	O
during	O
VV	O
ECMO	O
for	O
isolated	O
severe	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
in	O
adult	O
populations	O
.	O

Patients	O
supported	O
by	O
veno	O
-	O
arterial	B-ANAT
ECMO	O
were	O
excluded	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
PDCoV	O
strains	O
from	O
Tibetan	O
pigs	B-SPEC
formed	O
different	O
branches	O
within	O
the	O
same	O
cluster	O
,	O
implying	O
continuous	O
evolution	B-PROC
in	O
the	O
field	O
.	O

Compared	O
with	O
infected	O
WT	O
mice	B-SPEC
,	O
infected	O
Gal	B-CHED
-	O
3KO	O
mice	B-SPEC
exhibited	O
less	O
inflammation	B-DISO
in	O
the	O
lungs	B-ANAT
and	O
reduced	O
IL	O
-	O
1β	O
levels	O
in	O
bronchoalveolar	B-ANAT
lavage	I-ANAT
fluid	I-ANAT
.	O

An	O
association	O
was	O
also	O
observed	O
between	O
galectin	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
3	I-PRGE
and	O
NLRP3	B-PRGE
/	O
apoptosis	B-PATH
-	O
associated	O
speck	O
-	O
like	O
proteins	B-CHED
containing	O
caspase	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
associated	I-PRGE
recruitment	I-PRGE
domain	I-PRGE
complex	I-PRGE
.	O

To	O
this	O
end	O
,	O
we	O
deleted	O
the	O
nonessential	O
group	O
-	O
specific	O
accessory	O
genes	O
3	O
and	O
/	O
or	O
5	O
in	O
the	O
IBV	B-SPEC
genome	O
by	O
targeted	B-PROC
RNA	O
recombination	B-PROC
and	O
selected	O
the	O
recombinant	O
viruses	B-SPEC
in	O
embryonated	O
eggs	O
.	O

After	O
homologous	O
challenge	O
with	O
the	O
virulent	O
IBV	B-SPEC
strain	O
M41	O
,	O
all	O
vaccinated	O
chickens	B-SPEC
were	O
protected	O
against	O
disease	O
based	O
on	O
reduced	O
loss	O
of	O
ciliary	O
movement	B-PROC
in	O
the	O
trachea	B-DISO
compared	O
to	O
the	O
non	O
-	O
vaccinated	O
but	O
challenged	O
controls	O
.	O

Taken	O
together	O
,	O
deletion	O
of	O
accessory	O
genes	O
3ab	O
and	O
/	O
or	O
5ab	O
in	O
IBV	B-SPEC
resulted	O
in	O
mutant	B-DISO
viruses	B-SPEC
with	O
an	O
attenuated	O
phenotype	O
and	O
the	O
ability	O
to	O
induce	O
protection	O
in	O
chickens	B-SPEC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
This	O
review	O
discusses	O
the	O
clinical	O
challenges	O
associated	O
with	O
ventilatory	O
support	O
and	O
pharmacological	O
interventions	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
).	O

The	O
aim	O
of	O
the	O
study	O
was	O
to	O
determine	O
if	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
could	O
be	O
detected	O
in	O
semen	B-ANAT
from	O
infected	O
specific	O
pathogen	O
-	O
free	O
(	O
SPF	O
)	O
boars	B-SPEC
inoculated	O
with	O
a	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
US	O
non	O
-	O
InDel	B-PROC
strain	O
suggesting	O
venereal	O
transmission	O
may	O
occur	O
.	O

Two	O
boars	B-SPEC
orally	B-ANAT
inoculated	O
with	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
showed	O
clinical	O
signs	O
and	O
virus	B-DISO
shedding	I-DISO
in	O
feces	B-ANAT
.	O

Transient	O
presence	O
of	O
the	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
genome	O
was	O
detected	O
by	O
RT	O
-	O
qPCR	O
in	O
the	O
seminal	O
(	O
5	O
.	O
06	O
×	O
10	O

Interestingly	O
,	O
we	O
also	O
found	O
that	O
both	O
in	O
isolation	O
and	O
during	O
infection	B-DISO
,	O
4b	O
interacted	O
with	O
α	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
karyopherin	I-PRGE
proteins	I-PRGE
in	O
an	O
NLS	B-DISO
-	O
dependent	O
manner	O
.	O

The	O
NGS	O
-	O
based	O
CNV	B-SPEC
detection	O
method	O
is	O
useful	O
for	O
comprehensive	O
screening	O
of	O
CNVs	O
,	O
and	O
our	O
results	O
revealed	O
that	O
,	O
for	O
a	O
certain	O
proportion	O
of	O
cases	O
,	O
CNV	B-SPEC
analysis	O
is	O
necessary	O
for	O
accurate	O
genetic	O
diagnosis	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Group	B-SPEC
A	I-SPEC
Streptococcus	I-SPEC
(	O
GAS	B-ENZY
)	O
are	O
pathogenic	O
bacteria	B-SPEC
of	O
the	O
genus	B-SPEC
Streptococcus	I-SPEC
and	O
cause	O
severe	O
invasive	O
infections	B-DISO
that	O
comprise	O
a	O
wide	O
range	O
of	O
diverse	O
diseases	O
,	O
including	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
,	O
renal	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
,	O
toxic	B-DISO
shock	I-DISO
-	O
like	O
syndrome	B-DISO
,	I-DISO
sepsis	I-DISO
,	O
cellulitis	B-DISO
and	O
necrotizing	B-DISO
fasciitis	I-DISO
.	O

However	O
,	O
the	O
pathogenic	O
mechanisms	O
underlying	O
influenza	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
-	O
GAS	B-PRGE
superinfection	B-DISO
are	O
not	O
yet	O
fully	O
understood	O
.	O

The	O
present	O
review	O
describes	O
the	O
current	O
knowledge	O
about	O
invasive	O
GAS	O
infections	B-DISO
by	O
superinfection	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Hepatitis	B-DISO
E	I-DISO
virus	I-SPEC
seroprevalence	O
,	O
seroincidence	O
and	O
seroreversion	O
in	O
the	O
German	O
adult	O
population	O
.	O

We	O
measured	O
anti	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
HEV	I-PRGE
IgG	I-PRGE
prevalence	O
in	O
10	O
407	O
adults	O
participating	O
in	O
two	O
linked	O
,	O
population	O
-	O
representative	O
serosurveys	O
(	O
total	O
n	O
=	O
12	O
971	O
)	O
conducted	O
in	O
1998	O
and	O
2010	O
.	O

On	O
day	O
post	O
-	O
inoculation	O
(	O
dpi	O
)	O
0	O
,	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
pigs	B-SPEC
were	O
inoculated	O
via	O
intragastric	O
gavage	O
with	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
isolate	O
(	O
USA	O
/	O
Iowa	O
/	O
18984	O
/	O
2013	O
).	O

Markers	O
of	O
muscle	B-ANAT
proteolysis	B-PROC
were	O
not	O
different	O
(	O
P	O
>	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
)	O
between	O
treatments	O
within	O
dpi	O
;	O
however	O
,	O
at	O
dpi	B-PRGE
5	I-PRGE
,	O
20S	B-COMP
proteasome	I-COMP
activity	O
was	O
increased	O
(	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
)	O
in	O
longissimus	B-ANAT
dorsi	O
of	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
pigs	B-SPEC
compared	O
with	O
Control	O
pigs	B-SPEC
.	O

This	O
study	O
provides	O
insight	O
into	O
the	O
effects	O
of	O
an	O
enteric	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
on	O
postabsorptive	O
metabolism	B-PROC
in	O
nursery	O
pigs	B-SPEC
.	O

The	O
sequence	O
from	O
the	O
PED	O
-	O
outbreak	O
in	O
Ecuador	O
was	O
grouped	O
into	O
the	O
clade	O
II	O
of	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
genogroup	O
2a	O
together	O
with	O
other	O
sequences	O
of	O
isolates	O
from	O
Mexico	O
,	O
Canada	O
,	O
and	O
United	O
States	O
.	O

A	O
phage	O
display	O
library	O
of	O
specific	O
nano	O
-	O
antibodies	B-COMP
against	O
the	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
were	O
obtained	O
and	O
used	O
to	O
screen	O
and	O
characterize	O
the	O
nano	O
-	O
antibodies	B-COMP
.	O

The	O
majority	O
of	O
cases	O
occurred	O
in	O
the	O
Kingdom	B-SPEC
of	O
Saudi	O
Arabia	O
and	O
the	O
disease	O
carries	O
a	O
high	O
case	O
fatality	O
rate	O
.	O

Two	O
patients	O
received	O
ribavirin	B-CHED
and	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
a2b	I-PRGE
in	O
addition	O
to	O
supportive	O
management	O
.	O

To	O
establish	O
productive	O
infection	B-DISO
,	O
viruses	B-SPEC
must	O
first	O
circumvent	O
the	O
host	B-COMP
innate	B-DISO
immune	I-DISO
response	I-DISO
.	O

In	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
we	O
found	O
that	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
stimulated	O
epidermal	B-PRGE
growth	B-PROC
factor	I-PRGE
receptor	I-PRGE
(	O
EGFR	B-FUNC
)	O
activation	O
,	O
which	O
has	O
been	O
linked	O
to	O
not	O
only	O
anticancer	O
therapeutics	O
,	O
but	O
also	O
antiviral	B-CHED
signaling	B-PROC
.	O

One	O
reported	O
case	O
of	O
severe	O
invasive	O
pneumococcal	O
disease	O
in	O
a	O
68	O
year	O
old	O
female	O
,	O
that	O
presented	O
with	O
Austrian	O
'	O
s	O
triad	B-COMP
of	O
meningitis	B-DISO
,	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
and	O
endocarditis	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
progressed	O
to	O
develop	O
Guillain	B-DISO
Barre	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
,	O
an	O
association	O
never	O
been	O
documented	O
before	O
.	O

We	O
present	O
a	O
case	O
of	O
13	O
year	O
old	O
male	O
,	O
presented	O
with	O
hypoactivity	B-DISO
and	O
inability	O
to	O
bare	O
his	O
own	O
weight	O
,	O
developed	O
septic	B-DISO
shock	I-DISO
due	O
to	O
pneumococcus	O
with	O
Acute	B-DISO
Respiratory	I-DISO
Distress	I-DISO
Syndrome	I-DISO
,	O
and	O
was	O
found	O
to	O
have	O
neurological	O
findings	O
of	O
Guillain	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
Barre	I-DISO
Syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
We	O
present	O
a	O
case	O
of	O
hemophagocytic	O
lymphohistiocytosis	O
(	O
HLH	B-DISO
)	O
with	O
severe	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
complication	I-DISO
and	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
hospitalized	O
in	O
our	O
intensive	O
care	O
unit	O
(	O
ICU	O
)	O
in	O
2014	O
;	O
distinctive	O
trait	O
of	O
this	O
case	O
has	O
been	O
the	O
challenging	O
diagnosis	O
,	O
with	O
a	O
bone	B-ANAT
marrow	I-ANAT
biopsy	O
always	O
negative	O
,	O
the	O
severe	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
complication	I-DISO
with	O
ARDS	B-DISO
and	O
severe	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
hypertension	I-DISO
,	O
and	O
the	O
ferritin	B-PRGE
temporal	O
kinetics	O
that	O
precisely	O
followed	O
the	O
clinical	O
course	O
of	O
disease	O
.	O

A	O
32	O
-	O
year	O
-	O
old	O
woman	O
from	O
the	O
Philippines	O
first	O
diagnosed	O
with	O
upper	O
airway	B-ANAT
infection	B-DISO
,	O
was	O
subsequently	O
hospitalized	O
in	O
infectious	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
department	O
and	O
treated	O
for	O
community	B-DISO
acquired	I-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
.	O

Severe	O
infections	B-DISO
were	O
reported	O
in	O
19	O
patients	O
,	O
11	O
of	O
which	O
were	O
fatal	O
,	O
Legionela	O
pneumophila	O
,	O
rhinovirus	B-SPEC
,	O
HMPV	B-SPEC
and	O
RSV	B-SPEC
associated	O
with	O
these	O
fatalities	O
.	O

These	O
data	O
provides	O
information	O
about	O
the	O
circulating	O
viruses	B-SPEC
in	O
ECC	O
and	O
highlights	O
the	O
importance	O
of	O
searching	O
both	O
viruses	B-SPEC
and	O
atypical	O
bacteria	B-SPEC
in	O
severe	O
ARI	B-CHED
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Swine	B-SPEC
enteric	O
coronaviruses	O
,	O
including	O
porcine	B-SPEC
epidemic	I-SPEC
diarrhoea	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
)	O
and	O
porcine	B-SPEC
deltacoronavirus	O
(	O
PDCoV	O
),	O
have	O
emerged	O
and	O
spread	O
throughout	O
the	O
North	O
American	O
swine	B-SPEC
industry	O
over	O
the	O
last	O
four	O
years	O
.	O

Similar	O
to	O
other	O
enteric	O
coronaviruses	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
transmissible	O
gastroenteritis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
),	O
these	O
emerging	O
swine	B-SPEC
enteric	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
diseases	O
(	O
SECD	O
)	O
are	O
age	O
-	O
dependent	O
,	O
with	O
high	O
morbidity	O
and	O
mortality	O
in	O
neonatal	O
pigs	B-SPEC
.	O

Since	O
the	O
introduction	O
of	O
SECD	O
,	O
research	O
has	O
focused	O
on	O
investigating	O
viral	B-DISO
pathogenesis	I-DISO
through	O
experimental	O
inoculation	O
,	O
increasing	O
maternal	O
antibody	B-COMP
for	O
neonatal	O
protection	O
,	O
understanding	O
transmission	O
risks	O
through	O
feed	O
and	O
transportation	O
,	O
and	O
outlining	O
the	O
importance	O
of	O
biosecurity	O
in	O
preventing	O
SECD	O
introduction	O
and	O
spread	O
.	O

This	O
review	O
serves	O
to	O
describe	O
the	O
current	O
knowledge	O
of	O
SECD	O
and	O
the	O
characteristics	O
of	O
these	O
viruses	B-SPEC
which	O
provide	O
both	O
opportunities	O
and	O
challenges	O
for	O
long	O
-	O
term	O
disease	O
control	O
and	O
potential	O
eradication	O
from	O
the	O
US	O
swine	B-SPEC
population	O
.	O

Since	O
the	O
late	O
1990	O
'	O
s	O
,	O
live	O
vaccines	O
based	O
on	O
genogroup	O
1	O
virus	B-SPEC
have	O
been	O
used	O
in	O
Japan	O
,	O
and	O
a	O
significant	O
amount	O
of	O
the	O
vaccine	O
has	O
been	O
used	O
even	O
after	O
new	O
genogroups	O
invaded	O
in	O
2013	O
.	O

The	O
challenged	O
piglets	O
exhibited	O
watery	B-DISO
diarrhea	I-DISO
with	O
or	O
without	O
vaccination	O
.	O

BAIT	O
syndrome	B-DISO
is	O
a	O
new	O
clinical	O
condition	B-DISO
characterised	O
by	O
severe	O
transillumination	O
of	O
the	O
iris	B-SPEC
,	O
acute	O
onset	O
of	O
pigment	O
dispersion	O
in	O
the	O
anterior	B-ANAT
chamber	I-ANAT
,	O
and	O
a	O
medial	O
mydriatic	B-DISO
pupil	I-DISO
that	O
is	O
unresponsive	O
or	O
poorly	O
responsive	O
to	O
light	O
,	O
due	O
to	O
a	O
sphincter	B-ANAT
paralysis	O
.	O

The	O
case	O
is	O
presented	O
of	O
a	O
53	O
year	O
-	O
old	O
woman	O
,	O
who	O
,	O
after	O
being	O
treated	O
with	O
moxifloxacin	B-CHED
for	O
an	O
upper	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
tract	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
,	O
developed	O
a	O
BAIT	O
syndrome	B-DISO
,	O
which	O
was	O
initially	O
diagnosed	O
as	O
acute	B-DISO
anterior	I-DISO
uveitis	I-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Expression	B-PROC
profile	O
and	O
promoter	O
analysis	O
of	O
HEPIS	O
.	O

Approximately	O
one	O
third	O
of	O
severe	O
pancreatitis	B-DISO
patients	O
develop	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
and	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
that	O
account	O
for	O
60	O
%	O
of	O
all	O
deaths	B-PROC
within	O
the	O
first	O
week	O
.	O

The	O
major	O
causes	O
of	O
ALI	O
and	O
ARDS	B-DISO
are	O
sepsis	B-DISO
,	O
trauma	O
,	O
aspiration	B-DISO
,	O
multiple	O
blood	B-ANAT
transfusion	O
,	O
and	O
most	O
importantly	O
acute	B-DISO
pancreatitis	I-DISO
.	O

This	O
study	O
tested	O
the	O
hypothesis	O
that	O
treatment	O
with	O
simvastatin	B-CHED
would	O
improve	O
clinical	O
outcomes	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
).	O

The	O
study	O
was	O
completed	O
when	O
540	O
patients	O
were	O
recruited	O
with	O
259	O
patients	O
allocated	O
to	O
simvastatin	B-CHED
and	O
281	O
patients	O
to	O
placebo	O
,	O
with	O
258	O
patients	O
in	O
the	O
simvastatin	B-CHED
group	O
and	O
279	O
patients	O
in	O
the	O
placebo	O
group	O
included	O
in	O
the	O
analysis	O
of	O
the	O
primary	O
outcome	O
.	O

The	O
heterogenous	O
cohort	O
of	O
patients	O
with	O
ARDS	B-DISO
was	O
an	O
attempt	O
to	O
ensure	O
that	O
our	O
findings	O
would	O
be	O
generalisable	O
;	O
however	O
,	O
it	O
may	O
be	O
more	O
appropriate	O
to	O
target	O
potential	O
therapies	O
based	O
on	O
their	O
proposed	O
biological	O
mechanism	O
for	O
a	O
specific	O
population	O
of	O
patients	O
.	O

In	O
addition	O
,	O
the	O
Health	O
and	O
Social	O
Care	O
Research	O
and	O
Development	B-PROC
division	O
of	O
the	O
Public	O
Health	O
Agency	O
in	O
Northern	O
Ireland	O
,	O
the	O
Intensive	O
Care	O
Society	O
of	O
Ireland	O
and	O
REVIVE	O
provided	O
additional	O
funding	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
In	O
recent	O
years	O
,	O
there	O
have	O
been	O
increasing	O
numbers	O
of	O
infectious	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
outbreaks	O
that	O
spread	O
rapidly	O
to	O
population	O
centers	O
resulting	O
from	O
global	O
travel	O
,	O
population	O
vulnerabilities	O
,	O
environmental	O
factors	O
,	O
and	O
ecological	O
disasters	O
such	O
as	O
floods	O
and	O
earthquakes	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Coronavirus	B-SPEC
OC43	O
infection	B-DISO
causes	O
severe	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
in	O
patients	O
presenting	O
with	O
comorbidities	O
,	O
but	O
clinical	O
signs	O
alone	O
do	O
not	O
allow	O
for	O
viral	O
identification	O
.	O

To	O
analyze	O
acute	O
manifestations	O
of	O
Coronavirus	B-SPEC
OC43	O
infections	B-DISO
and	O
outcomes	O
of	O
patients	O
admitted	O
to	O
an	O
intensive	O
care	O
unit	O
(	O
ICU	O
).	O

was	O
42	O
[	O
28	O
;	O
53	O
],	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
severity	O
index	O
159	O
[	O
139	O
;	O
182	O
]	O
vs	O
73	O
[	O
40	O
.	O
5	O
;	O
107	O
]	O
for	O
patients	O
in	O
medical	O
wards	O
,	O
and	O
43	O
%	O
required	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
.	O

As	O
for	O
MERS	O
Co	O
-	O
V	O
infections	B-DISO
,	O
underlying	O
comorbidities	O
impacted	O
the	O
clinical	O
outcomes	O
of	O
OC43	O
infections	B-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Epidemiological	O
studies	O
on	O
obstructive	O
sleep	O
apnoea	O
syndrome	O
(	O
OSAS	B-DISO
)	O
in	O
Asia	O
,	O
South	O
East	O
Asia	O
in	O
particular	O
,	O
are	O
few	O
.	O

Anonymized	O
datasets	O
from	O
all	O
pig	B-SPEC
farms	O
were	O
provided	O
by	O
Kagoshima	O
(	O
709	O
farms	O
)	O
and	O
Miyazaki	O
Prefectures	O
(	O
506	O
farms	O
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Investigation	O
of	O
three	O
outbreaks	O
of	O
Porcine	B-SPEC
Epidemic	B-DISO
Diarrhea	I-DISO
in	O
Germany	O
in	O
2016	O
demonstrates	O
age	O
dependent	O
differences	O
in	O
the	O
development	O
of	O
humoral	B-PROC
immune	I-PROC
response	I-PROC
.	O

Antibodies	B-COMP
were	O
detectable	O
in	O
all	O
fattening	O
pigs	B-SPEC
(	O
100	O
%)	O
within	O
10	O
days	O
after	O
the	O
occurrence	O
of	O
first	O
clinical	O
signs	O
and	O
remained	O
detectable	O
for	O
about	O
two	O
months	O
at	O
least	O
in	O
20	O
.	O
6	O
%	O
(	O
farm	O
1	O
)	O
and	O
45	O
.	O
7	O
%	O
(	O
farm	O
2	O
)	O
of	O
the	O
animals	B-SPEC
,	O
respectively	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Emerging	O
Respiratory	O
Viruses	B-SPEC
in	O
Children	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
IBV	B-SPEC
)	O
is	O
an	O
enveloped	O
RNA	O
virus	B-SPEC
that	O
causes	O
deformities	B-DISO
in	O
eggshells	O
.	O

Then	O
,	O
the	O
effects	O
of	O
PGE2	B-CHED
on	O
the	O
expression	B-PROC
of	O
innate	O
antiviral	B-CHED
factors	O
in	O
cultured	O
uterine	B-ANAT
mucosal	B-ANAT
cells	B-COMP
were	O
examined	O
.	O

The	O
number	O
of	O
AvBD2	O
-	O
positive	O
cells	B-COMP
in	O
the	O
mucosa	B-ANAT
also	O
increased	O
in	O
response	O
to	O
aIBV	O
.	O

Both	O
the	O
1	O
:	O
100	O
and	O
1	O
:	O
600	O
dilutions	O
of	O
peroxygen	O
-	O
based	O
disinfectant	B-CHED
successfully	O
inactivated	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
under	O
the	O
conditions	O
of	O
this	O
study	O
.	O

Genome	O
-	O
wide	O
analysis	O
of	O
differentially	O
expressed	B-PROC
genes	O
(	O
DEGs	O
)	O
was	O
performed	O
in	O
Vero	O
E6	O
cells	B-COMP
post	O
-	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
.	O

Although	O
most	O
of	O
the	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	O
regulatory	O
and	O
-	O
related	O
genes	O
evaluated	O
in	O
this	O
study	O
were	O
either	O
down	O
-	O
regulated	O
or	O
remained	O
unchanged	O
,	O
IL11	B-PRGE
behaved	O
significantly	O
up	O
-	O
regulated	O
,	O
with	O
the	O
peak	O
at	O
16	O
hpi	B-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Infectious	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
epidemics	O
match	O
wars	O
and	O
natural	O
disasters	O
in	O
their	O
capacity	O
to	O
threaten	O
lives	O
and	O
damage	O
economies	O
.	O

In	O
addition	O
to	O
causing	O
immense	O
human	B-SPEC
suffering	B-DISO
,	O
these	O
epidemics	O
particularly	O
affect	O
low	O
-	O
and	O
middle	O
-	O
income	O
countries	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
A	O
retrospective	O
study	O
of	O
the	O
neuropathology	B-DISO
and	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
naturally	O
occurring	O
feline	B-SPEC
infectious	I-DISO
peritonitis	I-DISO
.	O

Fresh	B-ANAT
tissue	I-ANAT
samples	O
were	O
submitted	O
for	O
fluorescent	O
antibody	B-COMP
testing	O
(	O
FAT	O
)	O
after	O
autopsy	O
in	O
17	O
cases	O
,	O
and	O
positive	O
results	O
were	O
found	O
in	O
only	O
7	O
cases	O
.	O

To	O
determine	O
the	O
prevalence	O
and	O
the	O
molecular	O
characteristics	O
of	O
common	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
strains	O
in	O
China	O
,	O
1272	O
faeces	B-ANAT
and	O
small	B-ANAT
intestine	I-ANAT
samples	O
in	O
pigs	B-SPEC
were	O
collected	O
from	O
17	O
provinces	O
and	O
inspected	O
for	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
;	O
the	O
full	O
-	O
length	O
spike	O
(	O
S	O
)	O
gene	O
of	O
18	O
detected	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
strains	O
collected	O
from	O
five	O
eastern	O
provinces	O
were	O
sequenced	O
and	O
analysed	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
During	O
an	O
epidemic	O
of	O
a	O
novel	O
infectious	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
,	O
many	O
healthcare	O
workers	O
suffer	B-DISO
from	O
mental	O
health	O
problems	O
.	O

Studies	O
in	O
animal	B-SPEC
models	O
suggest	O
that	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
infection	B-DISO
induces	O
a	O
strong	O
inflammatory	B-DISO
response	I-DISO
,	O
which	O
may	O
be	O
related	O
to	O
the	O
severity	O
of	O
disease	O
.	O

Data	O
showing	O
the	O
cytokine	O
profiles	O
in	O
humans	B-SPEC
during	O
the	O
acute	O
phase	O
of	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
infection	B-DISO
are	O
limited	O
.	O

Neutrophil	B-ANAT
extracellular	B-COMP
traps	B-DISO
(	O
NETs	B-DISO
)	O
have	O
been	O
proposed	O
as	O
an	O
innate	O
defense	O
mechanism	O
responsible	O
for	O
pathogen	O
clearance	O
,	O
but	O
there	O
are	O
concerns	O
that	O
NETs	B-DISO
may	O
induce	O
collateral	B-ANAT
damage	O
to	O
host	B-COMP
tissues	B-ANAT
.	O

Here	O
,	O
we	O
detected	O
NETs	O
in	O
abundance	O
in	O
mouse	B-SPEC
models	O
of	O
severe	O
bacterial	B-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
/	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
and	O
in	O
human	B-SPEC
subjects	O
with	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
from	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
or	O
sepsis	B-DISO
.	O

After	O
immunization	O
,	O
significantly	O
higher	O
levels	O
of	O
anti	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
PEDV	I-PRGE
specific	I-PRGE
IgG	I-PRGE
antibodies	B-COMP
with	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
neutralizing	O
activity	O
in	O
the	O
sera	B-COMP
and	O
mucosal	B-ANAT
sIgA	B-PRGE
antibodies	B-COMP
in	O
the	O
tractus	O
genitalis	O
,	O
intestinal	B-ANAT
mucus	B-ANAT
,	O
and	O
stools	B-ANAT
were	O
detected	O
in	O
mice	B-SPEC
orally	B-ANAT
administered	O
with	O
the	O
recombinant	O
strain	O
pPG	O
-	O
COE	O
-	O
Col	B-PRGE
-	O
DCpep	O
/	O
L393	O
,	O
which	O
expressed	B-PROC
DCpep	O
and	O
Col	O
targeting	B-PROC
ligands	O
fused	O
with	O
the	O
PEDV	B-PRGE
COE	I-PRGE
antigen	B-CHED
,	O
compared	O
to	O
mice	B-SPEC
orally	B-ANAT
immunized	O
with	O
the	O
recombinant	O
strain	O
pPG	B-CHED
-	O
COE	O
/	O
L393	O
without	O
the	O
DCpep	O
and	O
Col	O
targeting	B-PROC
ligands	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
After	O
immunization	O
,	O
significantly	O
higher	O
levels	O
of	O
anti	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
PEDV	I-PRGE
specific	I-PRGE
IgG	I-PRGE
antibodies	B-COMP
with	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
neutralizing	O
activity	O
in	O
the	O
sera	B-COMP
and	O
mucosal	B-ANAT
sIgA	B-PRGE
antibodies	B-COMP
in	O
the	O
tractus	O
genitalis	O
,	O
intestinal	B-ANAT
mucus	B-ANAT
,	O
and	O
stools	B-ANAT
were	O
detected	O
in	O
mice	B-SPEC
orally	B-ANAT
administered	O
with	O
the	O
recombinant	O
strain	O
pPG	B-CHED
-	O
COE	O
-	O
Col	B-PRGE
-	O
DCpep	O
/	O
L393	O
,	O
which	O
expressed	B-PROC
DCpep	O
and	O
Col	O
targeting	B-PROC
ligands	O
fused	O
with	O
the	O
PEDV	B-PRGE
COE	I-PRGE
antigen	B-CHED
,	O
compared	O
to	O
mice	B-SPEC
orally	B-ANAT
immunized	O
with	O
the	O
recombinant	O
strain	O
pPG	B-CHED
-	O
COE	O
/	O
L393	O
without	O
the	O
DCpep	O
and	O
Col	O
targeting	B-PROC
ligands	O
.	O

Moreover	O
,	O
in	O
response	O
to	O
restimulation	O
with	O
the	O
PEDV	B-PRGE
COE	I-PRGE
antigen	B-CHED
in	O
vitro	O
,	O
a	O
significant	O
difference	O
in	O
splenocyte	B-ANAT
proliferation	B-DISO
response	O
and	O
Th2	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
associated	I-PRGE
cytokine	I-PRGE
IL	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
4	I-PRGE
level	O
was	O
observed	O
in	O
the	O
group	O
of	O
mice	B-SPEC
orally	B-ANAT
immunized	O
with	O
pPG	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
COE	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
Col	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
DCpep	I-PRGE
/	O
L393	O
(	O
p	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
)	O
compared	O
to	O
the	O
groups	O
of	O
mice	B-SPEC
that	O
received	O
pPG	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
COE	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
Col	I-PRGE
/	O
L393	O
and	O
pPG	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
COE	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
DCpep	I-PRGE
/	I-PRGE
L393	I-PRGE
,	O
respectively	O
.	O

As	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
key	O
component	O
of	O
the	O
avian	B-SPEC
immune	B-ANAT
system	I-ANAT
,	O
the	O
innate	O
immune	B-ANAT
system	I-ANAT
has	O
a	O
crucial	O
role	O
in	O
limiting	O
virus	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
at	O
the	O
initial	O
stage	O
of	O
the	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

However	O
,	O
only	O
the	O
recruitment	B-DISO
of	O
macrophages	B-ANAT
in	O
the	O
lung	B-ANAT
correlated	O
with	O
IBV	B-SPEC
genome	O
loads	O
in	O
this	O
tissue	B-ANAT
.	O

In	O
conclusion	O
,	O
the	O
present	O
study	O
demonstrates	O
that	O
recruitment	B-DISO
of	O
macrophages	B-ANAT
and	O
the	O
production	O
of	O
IL	O
-	O
1β	O
originating	O
from	O
macrophages	B-ANAT
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
other	O
sources	O
,	O
occur	O
following	O
IBV	B-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
in	O
the	O
respiratory	B-ANAT
tract	I-ANAT
suggesting	O
potential	O
roles	O
of	O
these	O
mediators	O
in	O
the	O
host	B-COMP
responses	O
to	O
IBV	B-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
.	O

However	O
,	O
further	O
studies	O
are	O
warranted	O
to	O
elucidate	O
whether	O
macrophages	B-ANAT
and	O
IL	O
-	O
1β	O
are	O
the	O
causes	O
of	O
reduced	O
IBV	B-SPEC
genome	O
loads	O
in	O
the	O
respiratory	B-ANAT
tract	I-ANAT
and	O
also	O
to	O
investigate	O
whether	O
immune	O
mediators	O
that	O
were	O
not	O
measured	O
in	O
the	O
current	O
study	O
were	O
involved	O
in	O
reducing	O
IBV	B-SPEC
genome	O
load	O
in	O
the	O
respiratory	B-ANAT
tract	I-ANAT
towards	O
the	O
end	O
of	O
the	O
study	O
.	O

HCoVs	O
are	O
globally	O
distributed	O
and	O
the	O
predominant	O
species	B-SPEC
may	O
vary	O
by	O
region	O
or	O
year	O
.	O

For	O
a	O
subset	O
of	O
HCoV	O
positive	O
submissions	O
with	O
age	O
and	O
sex	O
of	O
the	O
patient	O
available	O
,	O
we	O
tested	O
for	O
differences	O
in	O
age	O
and	O
sex	O
across	O
the	O
four	O
HCoV	O
species	O
using	O
Chi	B-CHED
Square	O
and	O
Kruskal	O
Wallace	O
tests	O
.	O

This	O
enteric	O
virus	B-SPEC
is	O
transmitted	B-DISO
via	O
the	O
feco	O
-	O
oral	B-ANAT
route	O
and	O
horses	B-SPEC
become	O
infected	O
by	O
ingesting	O
fecally	O
contaminated	O
feed	O
and	O
water	B-CHED
.	O

The	O
severe	O
pathophysiological	O
changes	O
in	O
lung	B-ANAT
parenchyma	I-ANAT
and	O
pulmonary	B-PROC
circulation	B-PROC
together	O
with	O
the	O
effects	O
of	O
positive	O
pressure	O
ventilation	O
profoundly	O
affect	O
heart	B-ANAT
lung	I-ANAT
interactions	O
in	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

When	O
severe	O
,	O
PVD	B-DISO
can	O
lead	O
to	O
RV	O
failure	O
which	O
is	O
associated	O
to	O
an	O
increased	O
mortality	O
.	O

In	O
this	O
review	O
we	O
will	O
describe	O
some	O
pathophysiological	O
aspects	O
of	O
heart	B-ANAT
-	O
lung	B-ANAT
interactions	O
during	O
the	O
ventilatory	O
support	O
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
,	O
its	O
clinical	O
assessment	O
and	O
discuss	O
therapeutic	O
interventions	O
to	O
prevent	O
the	O
occurrence	O
and	O
progression	O
of	O
PVD	B-DISO
and	O
RV	O
failure	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Characteristics	O
of	O
early	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
in	O
newly	O
diagnosed	O
acute	B-DISO
myeloid	I-DISO
leukemia	I-DISO
.	O

We	O
retrospectively	O
analyzed	O
280	O
patients	O
with	O
newly	O
diagnosed	O
AML	B-DISO
in	O
order	B-SPEC
to	O
describe	O
the	O
incidence	O
,	O
risk	O
factors	O
and	O
early	O
mortality	O
associated	O
with	O
ARDS	B-DISO
within	O
15	O
d	O
.	O
Univariate	O
and	O
then	O
multivariate	O
analysis	O
were	O
performed	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
An	O
Exploratory	O
Reanalysis	O
of	O
the	O
Randomized	O
Trial	O
on	O
Efficacy	O
of	O
Corticosteroids	B-CHED
as	O
Rescue	O
Therapy	O
for	O
the	O
Late	O
Phase	O
of	O
Acute	O
Respiratory	O
Distress	O
Syndrome	O
.	O

To	O
explore	O
this	O
possibility	O
,	O
we	O
investigated	O
the	O
timing	O
that	O
events	O
occurred	O
in	O
each	O
treatment	O
arm	B-ANAT
during	O
active	O
treatment	O
intervention	O
(	O
efficacy	O
)	O
and	O
after	O
stopping	O
therapy	O
.	O

Participants	O
returning	O
to	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
without	O
reinstitution	O
of	O
methylprednisolone	B-CHED
had	O
increased	O
risk	O
of	O
ventilator	O
dependence	B-DISO
and	O
mortality	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Extracorporeal	O
membrane	O
oxygenation	B-PROC
(	O
ECMO	O
)	O
provides	O
rescue	O
treatment	O
for	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
when	O
conventional	O
management	O
fails	O
.	O

The	O
injured	O
lungs	B-ANAT
may	O
recover	B-PROC
completely	O
with	O
effective	O
ECMO	O
therapy	O
.	O

He	O
had	O
skeletal	B-DISO
dysplasia	I-DISO
with	O
metabolic	B-DISO
bone	B-ANAT
disease	I-DISO
and	O
episodes	O
of	O
hyperthermia	B-PROC
with	O
lactic	B-DISO
acidosis	I-DISO
.	O

For	O
the	O
purpose	O
of	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
only	O
non	O
-	O
sleepy	O
patients	O
with	O
moderate	O
or	O
severe	O
OSA	B-DISO
and	O
randomized	O
to	O
receive	O
CPAP	O
treatment	O
were	O
analysed	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
357	O
).	O

According	O
to	O
the	O
unadjusted	O
analysis	O
,	O
higher	O
apnoea	O
-	O
hypopnea	O
index	O
(	O
AHI	O
)	O
(	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
001	O
)	O
and	O
oxygen	B-CHED
desaturation	O
index	O
(	O
ODI	O
)	O
(	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
001	O
)	O
were	O
associated	O
with	O
a	O
lower	O
risk	O
of	O
non	O
-	O
compliance	O
.	O

It	O
also	O
showed	O
a	O
significant	O
interaction	O
between	O
ACS	B-FUNC
history	O
and	O
age	O
(	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
0131	O
),	O
such	O
that	O
young	O
patients	O
with	O
their	O
first	O
ACS	B-FUNC
showed	O
significantly	O
lower	O
odds	O
of	O
CPAP	O
non	O
-	O
compliance	O
than	O
patients	O
with	O
recurrent	O
ACS	B-FUNC
and	O
significantly	O
lower	O
odds	O
of	O
CPAP	O
non	O
-	O
compliance	O
were	O
associated	O
with	O
ageing	B-PROC
only	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
recurrent	O
ACS	B-FUNC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Differences	O
in	O
the	O
intestinal	B-ANAT
microbiota	B-SPEC
between	O
uninfected	O
piglets	O
and	O
piglets	O
infected	O
with	O
porcine	O
epidemic	O
diarrhea	O
virus	O
.	O

Additionally	O
,	O
the	O
composition	O
of	O
the	O
small	B-ANAT
intestinal	I-ANAT
microbiota	B-SPEC
of	O
sucking	B-PROC
piglets	O
infected	O
with	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
showed	O
marked	O
differences	O
from	O
that	O
of	O
the	O
uninfected	O
piglets	O
.	O

The	O
presence	O
of	O
a	O
copathogen	O
and	O
host	B-COMP
factors	O
,	O
including	O
an	O
immunocompromised	O
state	O
,	O
were	O
associated	O
with	O
increased	O
risk	O
for	O
severe	O
LRTD	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
The	O
median	O
ages	O
of	O
85	O
immunocompromised	O
and	O
1152	O
nonimmunocompromised	O
children	O
with	O
HCoV	O
infection	B-DISO
were	O
6	O
.	O
3	O
and	O
1	O
.	O
6	O
years	O
,	O
respectively	O
.	O

Due	O
to	O
his	O
ineligibility	O
for	O
evacuation	O
and	O
worsening	O
ARDS	B-DISO
,	O
despite	O
5	O
d	O
of	O
conventional	O
ventilation	O
strategies	O
,	O
he	O
was	O
started	O
on	O
VV	O
-	O
ECMO	O
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
As	O
future	O
advancements	O
are	O
sought	O
,	O
VV	O
-	O
ECMO	O
may	O
become	O
a	O
consideration	O
for	O
casualties	O
with	O
severe	O
ARDS	B-DISO
at	O
the	O
point	O
of	O
injury	O
and	O
at	O
lower	O
echelons	O
of	O
military	O
care	O
.	O

In	O
vitro	O
,	O
pneumolysin	O
enhanced	O
endothelial	B-ANAT
angiopoietin	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
release	I-PRGE
,	O
angiopoietin	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
increased	O
endothelial	B-ANAT
permeability	O
,	O
and	O
angiopoietin	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
reduced	O
pneumolysin	O
-	O
evoked	O
endothelial	B-ANAT
permeability	O
.	O

Ventilated	O
and	O
perfused	O
lungs	B-ANAT
of	O
mice	B-SPEC
with	O
angiopoietin	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
knockdown	O
showed	O
reduced	O
permeability	O
on	O
pneumolysin	O
stimulation	O
.	O

These	O
new	O
findings	O
support	O
a	O
restrictive	O
approach	O
to	O
antibiotic	B-CHED
prescribing	O
for	O
LRTI	B-DISO
and	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
first	O
-	O
line	O
,	O
narrow	O
-	O
spectrum	O
agents	O
in	O
primary	O
care	O
.	O

Both	O
vaccines	O
showed	O
similar	O
ability	O
to	O
protect	O
infected	O
chickens	B-SPEC
from	O
clinical	O
signs	O
,	O
although	O
ts	O
-	O
11	O
performed	O
slightly	O
better	O
.	O

Despite	O
the	O
lower	O
protection	O
against	O
clinical	O
disease	O
,	O
6	O
/	O
85	O
-	O
vaccinated	O
birds	B-SPEC
had	O
significantly	O
(	O
P	O
≤	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
)	O
lower	O
tracheal	O
lesion	O
scores	O
and	O
mucosal	B-ANAT
thickness	O
at	O
day	O
28	O
post	O
-	O
vaccination	O
(	O
7	O
days	O
post	O
-	O
challenge	O
[	O
dpc	B-CHED
]	O
with	O
MG	O
,	O
2	O
dpc	B-CHED
IBV	B-SPEC
)	O
and	O
day	O
31	O
post	O
-	O
vaccination	O
(	O
10	O
dpc	B-CHED
MG	O
challenge	O
,	O
5	O
dpc	B-CHED
IBV	B-SPEC
)	O
compared	O
to	O
ts	O
-	O
11	O
vaccinated	O
birds	B-SPEC
,	O
but	O
these	O
difference	O
was	O
not	O
significant	O
at	O
day	O
33	O
(	O
12	O
dpc	O
MG	O
,	O
7	O
dpc	B-CHED
IBV	B-SPEC
).	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Bats	B-SPEC
are	O
natural	O
reservoirs	O
for	O
a	O
variety	O
of	O
emerging	O
viruses	O
that	O
cause	O
significant	O
disease	O
in	O
humans	B-SPEC
and	O
domestic	O
animals	B-SPEC
yet	O
rarely	O
cause	O
clinical	O
disease	O
in	O
bats	B-SPEC
.	O

In	O
this	O
review	O
,	O
we	O
highlight	O
the	O
current	O
progress	O
in	O
understanding	O
bat	B-ENZY
-	O
virus	B-SPEC
interactions	O
in	O
bat	B-ENZY
cell	B-ANAT
line	I-ANAT
systems	O
and	O
some	O
of	O
the	O
challenges	O
and	O
limitations	O
associated	O
with	O
cell	B-ANAT
lines	I-ANAT
.	O

To	O
determine	O
the	O
association	O
between	O
ARDS	B-DISO
and	O
increased	O
CPP	O
after	O
TBI	O
.	O

Patients	O
who	O
developed	O
ARDS	B-DISO
had	O
a	O
higher	O
ΔP	O
(	O
15	O
mmHg	O
[	O
5	O
]	O
vs	O
.	O
12	O
mmHg	O
[	O
4	O
],	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
016	O
)	O
and	O
lower	O
lung	B-PROC
compliance	I-PROC
(	O
35	O
ml	O
/	O
cmH2O	O
[	O
10	O
]	O
vs	O
.	O
49	O
ml	O
/	O
cmH2O	O
[	O
18	O
],	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
024	O
)	O
versus	O
those	O
who	O
did	O
not	O
.	O

We	O
did	O
not	O
observe	O
an	O
association	O
between	O
increased	O
CPP	O
and	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
We	O
did	O
not	O
observe	O
an	O
association	O
between	O
increased	O
CPP	O
and	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

Interestingly	O
,	O
all	O
MAstV5	O
-	O
positive	O
samples	O
derived	O
from	O
dogs	B-SPEC
displaying	O
clinical	O
signs	O
suggestive	O
of	O
gastroenteritis	B-DISO
,	O
other	O
enteric	O
viruses	B-SPEC
were	O
simultaneously	O
detected	O
(	O
canine	O
parvovirus	B-DISO
,	O
canine	B-SPEC
distemper	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
,	O
canine	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
,	O
canine	B-SPEC
adenovirus	I-SPEC
and	O
canine	O
rotavirus	B-SPEC
).	O

He	O
began	O
to	O
cry	O
,	O
with	O
an	O
increased	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
rate	I-DISO
of	O
over	O
40	O
breaths	O
per	O
minute	O
.	O

In	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
the	O
HRs	B-DISO
sequences	O
were	O
designed	O
and	O
connected	O
with	O
a	O
flexible	O
linker	O
.	O

Fourteen	O
hydrophobic	O
and	O
three	O
polar	O
residues	O
from	O
each	O
HR1	O
peptide	B-CHED
are	O
packed	O
in	O
layers	B-ANAT
at	O
the	O
coiled	O
-	O
coil	O
interface	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
is	O
an	O
inflammatory	O
disease	O
characterized	O
by	O
dysfunction	O
of	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
epithelial	O
and	O
capillary	B-ANAT
endothelial	I-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
,	O
infiltration	B-DISO
of	O
alveolar	B-ANAT
macrophages	I-ANAT
and	O
neutrophils	B-ANAT
,	O
cell	B-COMP
apoptosis	B-PATH
,	O
necroptosis	B-DISO
,	O
NETosis	O
,	O
and	O
fibrosis	B-DISO
.	O

No	O
gender	O
difference	O
related	O
to	O
infection	B-DISO
was	O
found	O
at	O
the	O
sites	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Identification	O
of	O
porcine	B-SPEC
epidemic	I-SPEC
diarrhea	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
variant	O
with	O
a	O
large	O
spike	O
gene	B-DISO
deletion	I-DISO
from	O
a	O
clinical	O
swine	O
sample	O
in	O
the	O
United	O
States	O
.	O

Complete	O
genome	O
sequence	O
analyses	O
indicated	O
this	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
variant	O
was	O
genetically	O
similar	O
to	O
US	O
non	O
-	O
S	O
INDEL	B-PROC
strain	O
but	O
had	O
a	O
continuous	O
600	O
-	O
nt	O
(	O
200	O
-	O
aa	O
)	O
deletion	O
in	O
the	O
N	O
-	O
terminal	O
domain	O
of	O
the	O
spike	O
gene	O
compared	O
to	O
non	O
-	O
S	O
INDEL	B-PROC
PEDVs	O
.	O

This	O
is	O
the	O
first	O
report	O
of	O
detecting	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
bearing	O
large	O
spike	O
gene	B-DISO
deletion	I-DISO
in	O
clinical	O
swine	B-SPEC
samples	O
in	O
the	O
USA	O
.	O

A	O
25	O
-	O
year	O
-	O
old	O
pregnant	O
woman	O
was	O
initiated	O
with	O
ECMO	O
due	O
to	O
severe	O
ARDS	B-DISO
caused	O
by	O
influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
(	O
H1N1	O
)	O
virus	B-SPEC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
Department	O
of	O
Health	O
and	O
Human	B-SPEC
Services	O
Framework	O
for	O
Guiding	O
Funding	O
Decisions	O
about	O
Proposed	O
Research	O
Involving	O
Enhanced	O
Potential	O
Pandemic	O
Pathogens	O
(	O
PPPs	O
)	O
contains	O
a	O
series	O
of	O
principles	O
for	O
governing	O
the	O
funding	O
and	O
conduct	B-PROC
of	O
gain	O
-	O
of	O
-	O
function	O
(	O
GOF	O
)	O
research	O
resulting	O
in	O
the	O
creation	O
of	O
PPPs	O
.	O

I	O
then	O
address	O
some	O
objections	O
to	O
this	O
claim	O
,	O
and	O
provide	O
policy	O
recommendations	O
moving	B-PROC
forward	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Duration	O
of	O
acute	O
kidney	B-ANAT
injury	O
in	O
critically	B-DISO
ill	I-DISO
patients	O
.	O

Data	O
from	O
clinical	O
,	O
in	O
vitro	O
and	O
in	O
vivo	O
suggest	O
that	O
virus	B-SPEC
-	O
induced	O
cytokine	O
dysregulation	O
could	O
be	O
a	O
contributory	O
factor	O
to	O
the	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
of	O
human	B-SPEC
H5N1	B-DISO
disease	O
.	O

Our	O
data	O
reveals	O
that	O
two	O
macrophage	B-ANAT
populations	O
corresponding	O
to	O
M1	O
(	O
classically	O
activated	O
)	O
and	O
M2	O
(	O
alternatively	O
activated	O
)	O
macrophage	B-ANAT
subtypes	O
respond	O
distinctly	O
to	O
H5N1	B-DISO
virus	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
when	O
compared	O
to	O
H1N1	O
virus	B-SPEC
or	O
mock	O
infection	B-DISO
,	O
a	O
distinction	O
that	O
could	O
not	O
be	O
made	O
from	O
previous	O
microarray	O
studies	O
.	O

In	O
particular	O
,	O
interferons	O
,	O
and	O
interferon	B-PRGE
-	O
stimulated	O
genes	O
are	O
broadly	O
affected	O
.	O

Elevated	O
levels	O
of	O
these	O
suppressors	O
could	O
lead	O
to	O
the	O
eventual	O
suppression	B-DISO
of	O
cellular	B-COMP
antiviral	B-CHED
genes	O
,	O
contributing	O
to	O
pathophysiology	O
of	O
H5N1	B-DISO
virus	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
.	O

Some	O
but	O
not	O
all	O
of	O
the	O
Nidovirus	B-SPEC
sg	O
mRNAs	O
also	O
have	O
a	O
common	O
5	O
'	O
leader	O
sequence	O
that	O
is	O
acquired	O
by	O
a	O
discontinuous	O
RNA	B-PROC
synthesis	I-PROC
mechanism	O
regulated	O
by	O
multiple	O
3	O
'	O
body	B-ANAT
transcription	B-PROC
regulating	O
sequences	O
(	O
TRSs	O
)	O
and	O
the	O
5	O
'	O
leader	O
TRS	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
A	O
Conserved	O
Distal	O
Lung	B-ANAT
Regenerative	O
Pathway	B-PROC
in	O
Acute	O
Lung	B-ANAT
Injury	O
.	O

In	O
addition	O
,	O
mirroring	O
data	O
from	O
murine	B-SPEC
models	O
of	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
/	O
regeneration	B-PROC
,	O
peribronchiolar	O
basaloid	O
pods	O
(	O
previously	O
described	O
as	O
squamous	B-DISO
metaplasia	I-DISO
)	O
and	O
ciliated	O
bronchiolarization	O
were	O
identified	O
in	O
these	O
patients	O
and	O
in	O
39	O
%	O
of	O
57	O
historical	O
cases	O
with	O
diffuse	O
alveolar	O
damage	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Practical	O
relevance	O
:	O
Feline	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
FCoV	O
)	O
infection	B-DISO
is	O
very	O
common	O
in	O
cats	B-SPEC
,	O
usually	O
causing	O
only	O
mild	O
intestinal	B-ANAT
signs	O
such	O
as	O
diarrhoea	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
objective	O
of	O
this	O
study	O
was	O
to	O
identify	O
risk	O
factors	O
associated	O
with	O
exposure	O
to	O
BRD	O
pathogens	O
during	O
the	O
peri	O
-	O
weaning	B-PROC
period	O
(	O
day	O
(	O
d	O
)-	O
14	O
to	O
d	O
14	O
relative	O
to	O
weaning	B-PROC
at	O
0	O
)	O
in	O
dairy	O
bull	O
calves	O
using	O
serological	O
responses	O
to	O
these	O
pathogens	O
as	O
surrogate	O
markers	O
of	O
exposure	O
.	O

Animals	B-SPEC
with	O
a	O
high	O
maximum	O
respiratory	O
score	O
(≥	O
8	O
)	O
recorded	O
significant	O
increases	O
in	O
H	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
somni	I-SPEC
S	O
/	O
P	O
during	O
the	O
peri	O
-	O
weaning	B-PROC
period	O
when	O
compared	O
to	O
those	O
with	O
respiratory	O
scores	O
of	O
≤	O
3	O
.	O

Haptoglobin	B-PRGE
levels	O
of	O
between	O
1	O
.	O
32	O
and	O
1	O
.	O
60	O
mg	O
/	O
ml	O
at	O
d	O
-	O
14	O
were	O
significantly	O
associated	O
with	O
decreases	O
in	O
BHV	O
-	O
1	O
S	O
/	O
N	O
during	O
the	O
peri	O
-	O
weaning	B-PROC
period	O
.	O

The	O
significant	O
associations	O
between	O
the	O
pre	O
-	O
weaning	B-PROC
levels	O
of	O
antibodies	B-COMP
to	O
certain	O
BRD	O
pathogens	O
and	O
changes	O
in	O
the	O
levels	O
of	O
antibodies	B-COMP
to	O
the	O
various	O
pathogens	O
during	O
the	O
peri	O
-	O
weaning	B-PROC
period	O
may	O
reflect	O
a	O
cohort	O
of	O
possibly	O
genetically	O
linked	O
'	O
better	O
responders	O
'	O
among	O
the	O
study	O
population	O
.	O

Upper	B-ANAT
arm	I-ANAT
anthropometrics	O
can	O
provide	O
a	O
quick	O
,	O
non	O
-	O
invasive	O
estimate	O
of	O
muscle	B-ANAT
status	O
,	O
but	O
its	O
accuracy	O
is	O
unknown	O
.	O

Alternate	O
screening	O
measures	O
should	O
be	O
evaluated	O
in	O
ARDS	B-DISO
survivors	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Predictors	O
of	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
in	O
patients	O
with	O
Guillain	O
-	O
Barré	O
syndrome	B-DISO
:	O
a	O
systematic	O
review	O
and	O
meta	O
-	O
analysis	O
.	O

We	O
searched	O
the	O
PubMed	O
and	O
Ovid	O
MEDLINE	O
databases	O
with	O
the	O
search	O
terms	O
""""	O
guillain	B-DISO
barre	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
""""	O
OR	O
""""	O
acute	B-DISO
inflammatory	I-DISO
demyelinating	I-DISO
polyneuropathy	I-DISO
""""	O
OR	O
""""	O
acute	O
motor	O
axonal	B-DISO
neuropathy	I-DISO
""""	O
OR	O
""""	O
acute	O
motor	O
sensory	O
axonal	B-DISO
neuropathy	I-DISO
""""	O
AND	O
""""	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
""""	O
OR	O
""""	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
"""."	O

Facial	B-DISO
weakness	I-DISO
(	O
OR	O
,	O
3	O
.	O
74	O
;	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
,	O
2	O
.	O
05	O
-	O
6	O
.	O
81	O
;	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
001	O
)	O
and	O
autonomic	B-DISO
instability	I-DISO
(	O
OR	O
,	O
6	O
.	O
40	O
;	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
,	O
2	O
.	O
83	O
-	O
14	O
.	O
5	O
;	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
001	O
)	O
were	O
significantly	O
more	O
frequent	O
in	O
patients	O
requiring	O
intubation	O
in	O
our	O
meta	B-SPEC
-	O
analyses	O
;	O
however	O
,	O
the	O
differences	O
were	O
not	O
statistically	O
significant	O
in	O
individual	O
multivariable	O
analysis	O
studies	O
.	O

Understanding	O
the	O
Latest	O
Human	B-SPEC
Coronavirus	I-SPEC
Threat	O
.	O

In	O
2012	O
,	O
a	O
sixth	O
human	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
(	O
hCoV	O
)	O
was	O
isolated	O
from	O
a	O
patient	O
presenting	O
with	O
severe	O
respiratory	O
illness	O
.	O

This	O
review	O
summarises	O
the	O
current	O
understanding	O
of	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
,	O
with	O
special	O
reference	O
to	O
the	O
(	O
i	O
)	O
genome	O
structure	O
;	O
(	O
ii	O
)	O
clinical	O
features	O
;	O
(	O
iii	O
)	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
infection	B-DISO
;	O
and	O
(	O
iv	O
)	O
treatment	O
and	O
vaccine	O
development	O
.	O

Since	O
no	O
drugs	O
target	O
VP24	O
,	O
the	O
identification	O
of	O
molecules	O
able	O
to	O
inhibit	O
VP24	O
,	O
restoring	O
and	O
possibly	O
enhancing	O
the	O
IFN	B-PRGE
response	O
,	O
is	O
a	O
goal	O
of	O
concern	O
.	O

Cotransfection	O
of	O
cells	B-COMP
with	O
a	O
plasmid	O
expressing	O
VP24	O
cloned	O
from	O
a	O
virus	B-SPEC
isolated	O
during	O
the	O
last	O
2014	O
outbreak	O
led	O
to	O
the	O
inhibition	B-PROC
of	O
ISRE	O
transcription	B-PROC
,	O
quantified	O
by	O
a	O
luminescent	O
signal	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Avian	O
infectious	O
bronchitis	O
(	O
IB	O
)	O
is	O
a	O
highly	O
contagious	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
caused	O
by	O
avian	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
bronchitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
IBV	B-SPEC
),	O
which	O
is	O
a	O
considerable	O
economic	O
threat	O
to	O
the	O
poultry	O
industry	O
.	O

Additionally	O
,	O
an	O
excellent	O
protective	O
effect	O
of	O
SZ130	O
vaccination	O
was	O
observed	O
when	O
vaccinated	O
birds	B-SPEC
were	O
challenged	O
with	O
SD	O
,	O
with	O
no	O
clinical	O
signs	O
or	O
gross	O
lesions	O
,	O
decreased	O
target	O
tissue	O
replication	O
rates	O
,	O
and	O
lower	O
ciliostasis	O
scores	O
in	O
all	O
immunized	O
groups	O
.	O

To	O
prepare	O
for	O
the	O
manufacture	O
and	O
first	O
-	O
in	O
-	O
human	B-SPEC
testing	O
of	O
the	O
vaccine	O
,	O
we	O
have	O
developed	O
a	O
process	O
to	O
stably	O
produce	O
the	O
recombinant	O
MERS	O
S377	O
-	O
588	O
protein	B-CHED
in	O
Chinese	B-SPEC
hamster	I-SPEC
ovary	B-ANAT
(	O
CHO	B-FUNC
)	O
cells	B-COMP
.	O

We	O
then	O
demonstrated	O
the	O
interleukin	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
signal	O
peptide	B-CHED
-	O
directed	O
secretion	B-PROC
of	O
the	O
recombinant	O
protein	B-CHED
into	O
extracellular	B-COMP
milieu	O
.	O

The	O
adCHO	O
-	O
expressed	B-PROC
S377	O
-	O
588	O
-	O
Fc	O
recombinant	O
protein	B-CHED
demonstrated	O
functionality	O
and	O
binding	B-FUNC
specificity	O
identical	O
to	O
those	O
of	O
the	O
protein	B-CHED
from	O
transiently	O
transfected	O
HEK293T	O
cells	B-COMP
.	O

This	O
report	O
describes	O
the	O
detection	O
of	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
RNA	O
in	O
P	O
.	O
medius	O
bat	B-ENZY
guano	O
collected	O
in	O
Peradeniya	O
,	O
Sri	O
Lanka	B-SPEC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Coronaviruses	O
(	O
CoVs	O
)	O
are	O
critical	O
human	B-SPEC
and	O
animal	B-SPEC
pathogens	O
because	O
of	O
their	O
potential	O
to	O
cause	O
severe	O
epidemics	O
of	O
respiratory	O
or	O
enteric	O
diseases	O
.	O

In	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
we	O
designed	O
a	O
new	O
primer	O
set	O
to	O
amplify	O
a	O
668	O
bp	O
-	O
region	O
within	O
the	O
RNA	O
-	O
dependent	O
RNA	O
polymerase	O
(	O
RdRP	B-FUNC
)	O
gene	O
that	O
encodes	O
the	O
most	O
conserved	O
protein	B-CHED
domain	O
of	O
α	O
-,	O
β	O
-,	O
γ	O
-,	O
and	O
δ	O
-	O
CoVs	O
.	O

Critically	B-DISO
ill	I-DISO
patients	O
over	O
18	O
years	O
of	O
age	O
,	O
undergoing	O
invasive	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
,	O
diagnosed	O
with	O
ARDS	B-DISO
of	O
unknown	O
etiology	O
,	O
and	O
with	O
OLB	O
performed	O
at	O
the	O
bedside	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
A	O
nano	O
silicon	B-CHED
adjuvant	B-CHED
enhances	O
inactivated	O
transmissible	O
gastroenteritis	B-DISO
vaccine	O
through	O
activation	O
the	O
Toll	O
-	O
like	O
receptors	O
and	O
promotes	O
humoral	O
and	O
cellular	B-PROC
immune	I-PROC
responses	I-PROC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Inactivated	O
transmissible	O
gastroenteritis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
)	O
vaccines	O
are	O
widely	O
used	O
in	O
swine	B-SPEC
herds	O
in	O
China	O
.	O

In	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
a	O
70	O
-	O
nm	O
nano	O
silicon	B-CHED
particle	O
was	O
applied	O
with	O
inactivated	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
vaccine	O
in	O
mice	B-SPEC
,	O
and	O
its	O
immune	O
-	O
enhancing	O
effects	O
and	O
mechanism	B-PROC
of	I-PROC
action	I-PROC
investigated	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Nurses	O
'	O
experiences	O
of	O
care	O
for	O
patients	O
with	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
were	O
categorized	O
as	O
follows	O
:	O
""""	O
Going	O
into	O
a	O
dangerous	O
field	O
","""	O
""""	O
Strong	O
pressure	O
because	O
of	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
","""	O
""""	O
The	O
strength	O
that	O
make	O
me	O
endure	O
","""	O
""""	O
Growth	B-PROC
as	O
a	O
nurse	O
","""	O
and	O
""""	O
Remaining	O
task	O
.	O

This	O
outbreak	O
provides	O
a	O
unique	O
opportunity	O
to	O
fill	O
the	O
gap	O
in	O
our	O
knowledge	O
of	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

Viruses	B-SPEC
from	O
Africa	O
(	O
clade	O
C	O
)	O
are	O
phylogenetically	O
distinct	O
from	O
contemporary	O
viruses	B-SPEC
from	O
the	O
Arabian	O
Peninsula	O
(	O
clades	O
A	O
and	O
B	O
)	O
but	O
remain	O
antigenically	O
similar	O
in	O
microneutralization	O
tests	O
.	O

Viruses	B-SPEC
from	O
West	O
(	O
Nigeria	O
,	O
Burkina	O
Faso	O
)	O
and	O
North	O
(	O
Morocco	O
)	O
Africa	O
form	O
a	O
subclade	O
,	O
C1	O
,	O
that	O
shares	O
clade	O
-	O
defining	O
genetic	O
signatures	O
including	O
deletions	O
in	O
the	O
accessory	O
gene	O

The	O
incidence	O
of	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
is	O
very	O
low	O
but	O
10	O
-	O
30	O
%	O
of	O
anesthesia	B-DISO
-	O
related	O
deaths	B-PROC
are	O
caused	O
by	O
the	O
consequences	O
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Detection	O
of	O
bovine	B-SPEC
coronavirus	B-SPEC
in	O
nasal	B-ANAT
swab	O
of	O
non	O
-	O
captive	O
wild	O
water	B-CHED
deer	B-SPEC
,	O
Korea	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Bovine	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
BCoV	O
)	O
is	O
a	O
causative	O
agent	O
of	O
respiratory	O
and	O
enteric	O
diseases	O
in	O
cattle	B-SPEC
and	O
calves	O
.	O

Recently	O
,	O
water	B-CHED
deer	B-SPEC
are	O
recognized	O
as	O
the	O
most	O
common	O
wildlife	O
to	O
approach	O
farmhouses	O
and	O
livestock	O
barns	O
in	O
Korea	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Rapid	O
detection	O
of	O
MERS	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
-	O
like	O
viruses	B-SPEC
in	O
bats	B-SPEC
:	O
pote1ntial	O
for	O
tracking	O
MERS	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
transmission	O
and	O
animal	B-SPEC
origin	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Recently	O
,	O
we	O
developed	O
a	O
monoclonal	O
antibody	B-COMP
-	O
based	O
rapid	O
nucleocapsid	B-COMP
protein	B-CHED
detection	O
assay	O
for	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
MERS	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
in	O
humans	B-SPEC
and	O
dromedary	B-SPEC
camels	B-SPEC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Human	B-SPEC
metapneumovirus	I-SPEC
in	O
Southern	O
Brazil	O
.	O

Human	B-SPEC
metapneumovirus	I-SPEC
was	O
detected	O
by	O
direct	O
immunofluorescence	O
and	O
real	O
-	O
time	O
reverse	B-PROC
transcription	I-PROC
polymerase	O
chain	O
reaction	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Comparative	O
analysis	O
of	O
Mouse	B-SPEC
Inoculation	O
Test	O
and	O
Virus	B-SPEC
Isolation	O
in	O
Cell	B-COMP
Culture	O
for	O
rabies	B-DISO
diagnosis	O
in	O
animals	B-SPEC
of	O
Parana	O
,	O
Brazil	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Rabies	B-DISO
is	O
an	O
acute	O
zoonotic	O
disease	O
,	O
caused	O
by	O
a	O
rhabdovirus	B-SPEC
that	O
can	O
affect	O
all	O
mammals	B-SPEC
,	O
and	O
is	O
commonly	O
transmitted	B-DISO
by	O
the	O
bite	B-PROC
of	O
a	O
rabid	O
animal	B-SPEC
.	O

These	O
protocols	O
should	O
continue	O
to	O
be	O
checked	O
and	O
tested	O
by	O
desk	O
-	O
top	O
exercises	O
to	O
ensure	O
that	O
all	O
staff	O
concerned	O
are	O
familiar	O
with	O
them	O
,	O
especially	O
in	O
the	O
context	O
of	O
staff	O
turn	O
-	O
over	O
.	O
o	O
The	O
roles	O
and	O
responsibilities	O
of	O
the	O
various	O
agencies	O
must	O
be	O
clear	O
to	O
avoid	O
role	O
confusion	B-DISO
.	O
o	O
Equipment	O
and	O
infrastructure	O
capacities	O
must	O
be	O
considered	O
and	O
in	O
place	O
in	O
advance	O
of	O
an	O
actual	O
incident	O
or	O
test	O
,	O
for	O
example	O
whether	O
or	O
not	O
cell	B-COMP
phone	O
signals	O
require	O
boosting	O
during	O
a	O
major	O
event	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Avian	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
isolated	O
from	O
a	O
pigeon	B-SPEC
sample	O
induced	O
clinical	O
disease	B-DISO
,	I-DISO
tracheal	I-DISO
ciliostasis	O
,	O
and	O
a	O
high	O
humoral	O
response	O
in	O
day	O
-	O
old	O
chicks	O
.	O

Eyes	B-ANAT
were	O
obtained	O
from	O
49	O
cats	B-SPEC
diagnosed	O
with	O
chronic	O
idiopathic	O
lymphoplasmacytic	O
anterior	B-DISO
uveitis	I-DISO
,	O
7	O
cats	B-SPEC
with	O
feline	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
peritonitis	I-DISO
(	O
FIP	B-DISO
),	O
and	O
9	O
cats	B-SPEC
euthanized	O
for	O
nonocular	O
disease	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Effect	O
of	O
lateral	O
position	O
ventilation	O
combined	O
with	O
vibration	O
sputum	B-ANAT
drainage	B-ANAT
on	O
patients	O
with	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
distress	O
syndrome	O
:	O
a	O
prospective	O
randomized	O
controlled	O
trial	O
].	O

The	O
patients	O
in	O
both	O
groups	O
received	O
etiological	O
treatment	O
,	O
protective	O
ventilation	O
strategy	O
,	O
sensitive	O
antibiotics	B-CHED
for	O
anti	O
-	O
infection	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
calefacient	O
and	O
humidifying	O
treatment	O
.	O

Compared	O
with	O
the	O
simple	O
ventilation	O
group	O
,	O
white	B-ANAT
blood	I-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
count	O
(	O
WBC	B-ANAT
),	O
procalcitonin	O
(	O
PCT	B-DISO
),	O
C	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
reactive	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
(	O
CRP	B-PRGE
)	O
at	O
24	O
hours	O
of	O
treatment	O
in	O
the	O
combined	O
treatment	O
group	O
were	O
significantly	O
decreased	O
[	O
WBC	B-ANAT
(×	O
10	O
Compared	O
with	O
lateral	O
position	O
ventilation	O
alone	O
,	O
the	O
treatment	O
of	O
combined	O
with	O
vibration	O
sputum	B-ANAT
drainage	B-ANAT
is	O
more	O
effective	O
for	O
improving	O
the	O
respiratory	B-PROC
function	I-PROC
of	O
patients	O
with	O
ARDS	B-DISO
,	O
reducing	O
infection	B-DISO
action	O
,	O
shortening	O
the	O
duration	O
of	O
MV	O
and	O
the	O
length	O
of	O
ICU	O
stay	O
,	O
and	O
improve	O
the	O
recovery	O
,	O
promote	O
the	O
rehabitation	O
of	O
patients	O
.	O

This	O
paper	O
summarized	O
the	O
basic	O
and	O
clinical	O
results	O
obtained	O
in	O
application	O
of	O
MSC	O
in	O
treatment	O
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
discussed	O
the	O
problems	O
needed	O
to	O
be	O
resolved	O
in	O
the	O
further	O
studies	O
in	O
order	B-SPEC
to	O
provide	O
new	O
ideas	O
for	O
clinical	O
treatment	O
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
A	O
24	O
-	O
Year	O
-	O
Old	O
Woman	O
With	O
Precipitous	O
Respiratory	B-DISO
Failure	I-DISO
After	O
Lung	B-ANAT
Transplantation	O
.	O

In	O
addition	O
,	O
PR40	O
infection	B-DISO
showed	O
an	O
early	O
depletion	O
of	O
activated	O
CD4	B-PRGE
+	I-PRGE
CD25	I-PRGE
+	I-PRGE
T	B-ANAT
lymphocytes	I-ANAT
and	O
Tregs	O
together	O
with	O
an	O
intense	O
and	O
lasting	O
depletion	O
of	O
CD21	B-PRGE
+	I-PRGE
B	I-PRGE
lymphocytes	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
the	O
subcellular	O
localization	B-PROC
and	O
other	O
functions	O
of	O
the	O
TGEV	B-PRGE
nsp7	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
are	O
still	O
unclear	O
.	O

That	O
Is	O
the	O
Question	O
-	O
Predictability	O
of	O
Ionic	B-CHED
Liquid	I-CHED
'	O
s	O
Virucidal	O
Potential	O
in	O
Biological	O
Test	O
Systems	O
.	O

This	O
probably	O
reflects	O
the	O
paucity	O
of	O
understanding	O
virus	B-SPEC
inactivation	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Transfusion	O
-	O
transmitted	B-DISO
malaria	B-PATH
masquerading	O
as	O
sickle	B-DISO
cell	I-DISO
crisis	I-DISO
with	O
multisystem	B-DISO
organ	B-ANAT
failure	I-DISO
.	O

A	O
source	O
of	O
infection	B-DISO
was	O
not	O
readily	O
identified	O
,	O
but	O
treatment	O
was	O
initiated	O
with	O
continuous	O
intravenous	O
fluids	B-ANAT
and	O
empiric	O
antibiotics	B-CHED
.	O

A	O
manual	O
peripheral	O
blood	O
smear	O
revealed	O
intraerythrocytic	O
inclusions	O
suggestive	O
of	O
Plasmodium	B-SPEC
,	O
and	O
molecular	O
studies	O
confirmed	O
Plasmodium	B-DISO
falciparum	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
.	O

Only	O
18	O
.	O
3	O
%	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
62	O
)	O
of	O
respondents	O
identified	O
PCR	O
as	O
the	O
proper	O
diagnostic	O
confirmatory	O
test	O
for	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

Regarding	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
clinical	O
features	O
,	O
76	O
.	O
4	O
%	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
259	O
)	O
recognized	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
sub	O
-	O
clinical	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
,	O
64	O
.	O
7	O
%	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
218	O
)	O
indicated	O
that	O
cases	O
should	O
be	O
immediately	O
isolated	O
,	O
and	O
46	O
.	O
9	O
%	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
159	O
)	O
identified	O
the	O
main	O
cause	O
of	O
mortality	O
as	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
.	O

Although	O
CAM	B-PRGE
use	I-PRGE
can	O
be	O
beneficial	O
,	O
some	O
can	O
be	O
very	O
harmful	O
,	O
especially	O
for	O
cancer	B-DISO
patients	O
.	O

Thirty	O
percent	O
of	O
CAM	B-DISO
users	O
had	O
discussed	O
the	O
issue	O
with	O
their	O
doctors	O
;	O
only	O
7	O
.	O
7	O
%	O
had	O
done	O
so	O
with	O
their	O
nurses	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
The	O
relationship	O
between	O
physical	O
ill	B-DISO
-	O
health	O
and	O
mental	O
ill	B-DISO
-	O
health	O
in	O
adults	O
with	O
intellectual	B-DISO
disabilities	I-DISO
.	O

Physical	O
-	O
mental	O
comorbidity	O
has	O
been	O
shown	O
to	O
result	O
in	O
poorer	O
outcomes	O
in	O
the	O
general	O
population	O
,	O
but	O
little	O
is	O
known	O
about	O
this	O
relationship	O
in	O
adults	O
with	O
intellectual	B-DISO
disabilities	I-DISO
.	O

To	O
identify	O
whether	O
physical	O
ill	B-DISO
-	O
health	O
is	O
associated	O
with	O
mental	O
ill	B-DISO
-	O
health	O
in	O
adults	O
with	O
intellectual	B-DISO
disabilities	I-DISO
and	O
whether	O
the	O
extent	O
of	O
physical	O
multi	O
-	O
morbidity	O
can	O
predict	O
the	O
likelihood	O
of	O
mental	O
ill	B-DISO
-	O
health	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
The	O
extent	O
of	O
physical	O
multi	O
-	O
morbidity	O
was	O
not	O
associated	O
with	O
mental	O
ill	B-DISO
-	O
health	O
in	O
adults	O
with	O
intellectual	B-DISO
disabilities	I-DISO
as	O
only	O
0	O
.	O
8	O
%	O
of	O
the	O
sample	O
had	O
no	O
physical	O
conditions	O
.	O

Co	O
-	O
immunoprecipitation	O
(	O
CO	O
-	O
IP	O
)	O
results	O
clearly	O
demonstrated	O
that	O
PEDV	B-PRGE
N	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
could	O
bind	B-FUNC
to	O
human	B-PRGE
hnRNP	B-ANAT
A1	I-PRGE
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Addressing	O
the	O
selectivity	O
and	O
toxicity	O
of	O
antiviral	B-CHED
nucleosides	B-CHED
.	O

Charts	O
were	O
reviewed	O
for	O
RVI	O
events	O
associated	O
with	O
hospitalization	O
within	O
1	O
year	O
after	O
the	O
transplant	B-ANAT
.	O

The	O
incidence	O
of	O
RVI	O
was	O
calculated	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
association	O
of	O
baseline	O
SOT	O
factors	O
with	O
subsequent	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
complications	I-DISO
and	O
death	O
was	O
assessed	O
.	O

RVI	O
was	O
associated	O
with	O
younger	O
median	O
age	O
at	O
transplant	B-ANAT
(	O
1	O
.	O
72	O
vs	O
7	O
.	O
89	O
years	O
;	O
P	O
<	O
.	O
001	O
)	O
and	O
among	O
liver	B-ANAT
or	O
kidney	B-ANAT
transplant	I-ANAT
recipients	O
with	O
the	O
receipt	O
of	O
a	O
deceased	B-PROC
-	O
donor	B-CHED
graft	B-ANAT
compared	O
to	O
a	O
living	O
donor	B-CHED
(	O
P	O
=	O
.	O
01	O
).	O

Multivariable	O
logistic	O
regression	O
models	O
revealed	O
that	O
age	O
was	O
independently	O
associated	O
with	O
increased	O
risk	O
for	O
a	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
complication	I-DISO
(	O
odds	O
ratio	O
,	O
1	O
.	O
24	O
[	O
95	O
%	O
confidence	O
interval	O
,	O
1	O
.	O
02	O
-	O
1	O
.	O
51	O
])	O
and	O
that	O
receipt	O
of	O
an	O
intestine	B-ANAT
/	O
multivisceral	O
transplant	B-ANAT
was	O
associated	O
with	O
increased	O
risk	O
of	O
all	O
-	O
cause	O
death	B-PROC
(	O
odds	O
ratio	O
,	O
24	O
.	O
54	O
[	O
95	O
%	O
confidence	O
interval	O
,	O
1	O
.	O
69	O
-	O
327	O
.	O
96	O
]).	O

Here	O
,	O
we	O
reported	O
the	O
case	O
of	O
a	O
woman	O
co	O
-	O
infected	O
by	O
influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
H7N9	O
and	O
Mycoplasma	B-SPEC
pneumoniae	I-SPEC
,	O
whose	O
treatment	O
process	O
was	O
a	O
little	O
bit	B-CHED
longer	O
and	O
a	O
little	O
bit	B-CHED
complicated	O
as	O
well	O
.	O

She	O
was	O
diagnosed	O
as	O
having	O
severe	O
influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
H7N9	O
and	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
distress	O
syndrome	O
,	O
and	O
was	O
admitted	O
to	O
an	O
intensive	O
care	O
unit	O
.	O

Oseltamivir	B-CHED
was	O
discontinued	O
because	O
of	O
three	O
consecutive	O
negative	O
results	O
of	O
nucleic	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
for	O
influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
H7N9	O
,	O
but	O
anti	O
-	O
Mycoplasma	B-DISO
treatment	O
was	O
continued	O
.	O

Although	O
her	O
symptoms	O
and	O
abnormal	O
changes	O
on	O
computed	O
tomography	O
scan	O
slowly	O
went	O
away	O
,	O
she	O
finally	O
recovered	O
from	O
the	O
mixed	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
after	O
a	O
total	O
of	O
33	O
days	O
of	O
management	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Feline	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
peritonitis	I-DISO
(	O
FIP	B-DISO
)	O
is	O
a	O
fatal	O
disease	O
in	O
cats	B-SPEC
worldwide	O
.	O

The	O
aim	O
of	O
this	O
study	O
was	O
to	O
test	O
two	O
commercially	O
available	O
reaction	O
mixtures	O
in	O
a	O
reverse	B-PROC
transcription	I-PROC
loop	O
-	O
mediated	O
isothermal	O
amplification	B-DISO
(	O
RT	O
-	O
LAMP	O
)	O
assay	O
to	O
detect	O
feline	B-SPEC
Coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
FCoV	O
)	O
in	O
body	B-ANAT
cavity	I-ANAT
effusions	B-DISO
of	O
cats	B-SPEC
with	O
and	O
without	O
FIP	B-DISO
,	O
in	O
order	B-SPEC
to	O
minimize	O
the	O
time	O
from	O
sampling	O
to	O
obtaining	O
results	O
.	O

Further	O
modifications	O
of	O
primers	O
might	O
lead	O
to	O
a	O
suitable	O
in	O
-	O
house	O
test	O
and	O
accelerate	O
the	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
FIP	B-DISO
.	O

In	O
cats	B-SPEC
with	O
FIP	B-DISO
,	O
24	O
/	O
34	O
tested	O
positive	O
for	O
FIPV	O
.	O

This	O
study	O
assessed	O
the	O
efficacy	O
and	O
safety	O
of	O
bivalirudin	B-CHED
compared	O
with	O
UFH	O
with	O
or	O
without	O
GPIs	B-CHED
in	O
patients	O
with	O
acute	B-DISO
coronary	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ACS	B-FUNC
)	O
who	O
underwent	O
invasive	O
management	O
.	O

Based	O
on	O
the	O
baseline	O
arterial	B-ANAT
oxygen	B-PROC
tension	B-DISO
/	O
inspiratory	B-PROC
oxygen	B-CHED
fraction	O
ratio	O
,	O
60	O
(	O
48	O
%),	O
49	O
(	O
40	O
%)	O
and	O
15	O
(	O
12	O
%)	O
patients	O
had	O
mild	O
,	O
moderate	O
and	O
severe	O
ARDS	B-DISO
,	O
respectively	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Future	O
Research	O
Directions	O
in	O
Pneumonia	B-DISO
.	O

Severe	O
outbreaks	O
of	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
variants	O
have	O
re	O
-	O
emerged	O
in	O
Asia	O
and	O
North	O
America	O
since	O
2010	O
,	O
causing	O
tremendous	O
economic	O
losses	O
to	O
the	O
swine	B-SPEC
industry	O
.	O

In	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
the	O
antiviral	B-CHED
effect	O
of	O
LiCl	B-CHED
on	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
in	O
Vero	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
was	O
evaluated	O
.	O

Real	O
-	O
time	O
quantitative	O
PCR	O
and	O
indirect	O
immunofluorescence	O
assay	O
indicated	O
that	O
LiCl	B-CHED
effectively	O
inhibited	O
the	O
entry	O
and	O
replication	O
of	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
in	O
Vero	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
.	O

Moreover	O
,	O
addition	O
of	O
LiCl	B-CHED
inhibited	O
both	O
early	O
and	O
late	O
cell	O
apoptosis	B-PATH
induced	O
by	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
.	O

Identification	O
of	O
new	O
types	O
of	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
strains	O
would	O
stimulate	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
effective	O
vaccines	O
for	O
the	O
prevention	O
and	O
control	O
of	O
PED	B-PRGE
in	O
a	O
more	O
precise	O
manner	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Mapping	O
Potential	O
Amplification	B-DISO
and	O
Transmission	O
Hotspots	O
for	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
,	O
Kenya	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Dromedary	B-SPEC
camels	B-SPEC
have	O
been	O
implicated	O
consistently	O
as	O
the	O
source	O
of	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
human	B-SPEC
infections	B-DISO
and	O
attention	O
to	O
prevent	O
and	O
control	O
it	O
has	O
focused	O
on	O
camels	B-SPEC
.	O

Primary	O
and	O
secondary	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
seroprevalence	O
data	O
from	O
specific	O
sites	O
were	O
analyzed	O
,	O
and	O
location	O
-	O
based	O
prevalence	O
matching	O
with	O
camel	B-SPEC
densities	O
was	O
conducted	O
.	O

Although	O
Kenyan	O
camels	B-SPEC
are	O
predisposed	O
to	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
,	O
no	O
shedding	O
is	O
documented	O
to	O
date	O
.	O

In	O
this	O
chapter	O
,	O
we	O
discuss	O
a	O
powerful	O
combinatorial	O
technology	O
in	O
association	O
with	O
animal	B-SPEC
immunisation	O
that	O
is	O
capable	O
of	O
generating	O
biologic	O
drugs	O
with	O
high	O
affinity	O
,	O
efficacy	O
and	O
limited	O
off	O
-	O
site	O
toxicity	O
,	O
and	O
diagnostic	O
tools	O
with	O
great	O
precision	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Disseminated	O
intravascular	O
coagulations	O
(	O
DIC	B-DISO
),	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
),	O
and	O
acute	O
kidney	B-ANAT
injury	O
(	O
AKI	O
)	O
are	O
major	O
organ	B-ANAT
dysfunctions	O
that	O
occur	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
sepsis	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Rapid	O
detection	O
of	O
transmissible	O
gastroenteritis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
in	O
swine	B-SPEC
small	B-ANAT
intestine	I-ANAT
samples	O
using	O
real	O
-	O
time	O
reverse	O
transcription	O
recombinase	O
polymerase	O
amplification	B-DISO
.	O

Further	O
validation	O
of	O
the	O
prediction	O
model	O
on	O
a	O
large	O
prospective	O
cohort	O
of	O
representative	O
patients	O
with	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
is	O
necessary	O
.	O

This	O
will	O
provide	O
an	O
insight	O
into	O
possible	O
therapeutic	O
targets	O
to	O
treat	O
infections	B-DISO
by	O
current	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
newly	O
emerging	O
coronaviruses	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Hemolytic	O
uremic	O
syndrome	O
(	O
HUS	O
)	O
is	O
a	O
clinical	O
syndrome	B-DISO
characterized	O
by	O
hemolytic	B-DISO
anemia	I-DISO
,	O
thrombocytopenia	O
,	O
and	O
acute	O
kidney	B-ANAT
injury	O
.	O

After	O
treatment	O
,	O
the	O
homocysteine	B-CHED
and	O
methylmalonic	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
levels	O
were	O
normalized	O
but	O
hemolysis	B-DISO
and	O
acute	B-DISO
kidney	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
persisted	O
.	O

After	O
eculizumab	O
treatment	O
,	O
the	O
renal	B-ANAT
and	O
hematologic	O
indices	O
improved	O
and	O
he	O
was	O
free	O
of	O
dialysis	B-SPEC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
When	O
Information	O
from	O
Public	O
Health	O
Officials	O
is	O
Untrustworthy	O
:	O
The	O
Use	O
of	O
Online	O
News	O
,	O
Interpersonal	O
Networks	O
,	O
and	O
Social	O
Media	B-ANAT
during	O
the	O
MERS	O
Outbreak	O
in	O
South	O
Korea	O
.	O

Calves	O
that	O
suffered	B-DISO
from	O
diarrhea	B-DISO
or	O
died	B-PROC
within	O
the	O
first	O
month	O
of	O
life	O
had	O
lower	O
serum	B-COMP
Ig	O
concentrations	O
than	O
those	O
that	O
remained	O
healthy	O
or	O
survived	O
(	O
P	O
<	O
.	O
05	O
).	O

Encouragingly	O
,	O
all	O
the	O
tested	O
compounds	O
showed	O
good	O
activities	O
against	O
wild	O
-	O
type	O
(	O
WT	O
)	O
HIV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
1	I-SPEC
(	O
IIIB	O
)	O
with	O
EC	O

Patients	O
with	O
H7N9	O
had	O
higher	O
rates	O
of	O
invasive	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
;	O
serious	O
complications	O
,	O
including	O
alimentary	O
tract	O
hemorrhage	B-DISO
,	O
pneumothorax	B-DISO
or	O
septum	B-COMP
emphysema	B-DISO
,	O
hospital	O
-	O
acquired	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
(	O
HAP	O
)	O
and	O
multiple	B-DISO
organ	I-DISO
dysfunction	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
MODS	B-DISO
);	O
and	O
hospital	O
mortality	O
(	O
P	O
<	O
.	O
05	O
).	O

Induction	O
of	O
autophagic	O
signals	O
promotes	O
EV	O
-	O
D68	O
replication	O
,	O
but	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
inhibits	O
the	O
downstream	O
degradative	O
steps	O
of	O
autophagy	B-PROC
in	O
multiple	O
ways	O
.	O

In	O
this	O
review	O
,	O
we	O
describe	O
the	O
current	O
medical	O
need	O
resulting	O
from	O
respiratory	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
caused	O
by	O
RNA	O
viruses	B-SPEC
,	O
which	O
justifies	O
drug	O
discovery	O
efforts	O
to	O
identify	O
new	O
therapeutic	O
agents	O
.	O

This	O
includes	O
molecules	O
with	O
very	O
broad	O
antiviral	B-CHED
spectrum	O
such	O
as	O
ribavirin	B-CHED
and	O
T	O
-	O
705	O
(	O
favipiravir	O
),	O
and	O
others	O
targeting	B-PROC
more	O
specifically	O
one	O
or	O
a	O
few	O
virus	B-SPEC
families	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
'	O
Therapeutics	O
discovery	O
:	O
From	O
bench	O
to	O
first	O
in	O
-	O
human	O
trials	O
'	O
conference	O
,	O
held	O
at	O
the	O
King	O
Abdullah	O
International	O
Medical	O
Research	O
Center	O
(	O
KAIMRC	O
),	O
Ministry	O
of	O
National	O
Guard	O
Health	O
Affairs	O
(	O
MNGHA	O
),	O
Kingdom	B-SPEC
of	O
Saudi	O
Arabia	O
(	O
KSA	O
)	O
from	O
October	O
10	O
-	O
12	O
,	O
2017	O
,	O
provided	O
a	O
unique	O
opportunity	O
for	O
experts	O
worldwide	O
to	O
discuss	O
advances	O
in	O
drug	O
discovery	O
and	O
development	B-PROC
,	O
focusing	O
on	O
phase	O
I	O
clinical	O
trials	O
.	O

Unlike	O
in	O
established	O
cells	B-COMP
,	O
toremifene	B-CHED
had	O
marginal	O
activity	O
when	O
tested	O
in	O
antigen	B-ANAT
presenting	I-ANAT
cells	B-COMP
,	O
with	O
high	O
apparent	O
cytotoxicity	B-DISO
,	O
also	O
limiting	O
its	O
potential	O
as	O
a	O
therapeutic	O
option	O
.	O

AE	O
-	O
IPF	O
shares	O
several	O
pathophysiological	O
features	O
with	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
),	O
a	O
very	O
severe	O
condition	B-DISO
commonly	O
treated	O
in	O
this	O
setting	O
.	O

A	O
review	O
of	O
the	O
literature	O
has	O
been	O
conducted	O
to	O
underline	O
similarities	O
and	O
differences	O
in	O
the	O
management	O
of	O
patients	O
with	O
AE	O
-	O
IPF	O
and	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O
During	O
AE	O
-	O
IPF	O
,	O
diffuse	B-DISO
alveolar	I-DISO
damage	I-DISO
and	O
massive	O
loss	O
of	O
aeration	O
occurs	O
,	O
similar	O
to	O
what	O
is	O
observed	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Complete	O
Genome	O
Sequence	O
of	O
Human	B-PRGE
Coronavirus	I-PRGE
NL63	I-PRGE
CN0601	O
/	O
14	O
,	O
First	O
Isolated	O
in	O
South	O
Korea	O
.	O

Babesia	B-SPEC
microti	I-SPEC
is	O
the	O
main	O
pathogen	O
causing	O
human	B-SPEC
disease	O
and	O
is	O
endemic	O
in	O
the	O
northeastern	O
and	O
upper	O
midwestern	O
parts	O
of	O
the	O
USA	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
she	O
was	O
re	O
-	O
admitted	O
on	O
postoperative	O
day	O
10	O
for	O
febrile	B-PROC
hemolytic	B-DISO
anemia	I-DISO
.	O

Further	O
exposure	O
history	O
was	O
obtained	O
and	O
was	O
significant	O
for	O
multiple	O
tick	B-SPEC
bites	O
8	O
weeks	O
preceding	O
the	O
index	O
hospitalization	O
.	O

In	O
contrast	O
to	O
other	O
complications	O
of	O
babesiosis	B-DISO
,	O
SR	O
is	O
not	O
correlated	O
with	O
parasite	O
burden	O
or	O
immune	B-PROC
status	I-PROC
of	O
the	O
affected	O
host	B-COMP
.	O

Babesiosis	B-DISO
should	O
be	O
considered	O
as	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
differential	O
diagnosis	O
in	O
patients	O
from	O
endemic	O
areas	O
presenting	O
with	O
atraumatic	O
splenic	B-ANAT
rupture	O
.	O

The	O
spike	O
protein	B-CHED
(	O
S1	O
subunit	O
)	O
is	O
responsible	O
for	O
the	O
molecular	O
diversity	O
of	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
and	O
many	O
sero	O
/	O
genotypes	O
are	O
described	O
around	O
the	O
world	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
describe	O
the	O
diversity	O
in	O
practice	O
in	O
non	O
-	O
invasive	O
ventilation	O
(	O
NIV	O
)	O
in	O
European	O
pediatric	O
intensive	O
care	O
units	O
(	O
PICUs	B-SPEC
).	O

Regarding	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
cause	O
,	O
NIV	O
was	O
delivered	O
in	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
(	O
97	O
.	O
3	O
%),	O
bronchiolitis	B-DISO
(	O
94	O
.	O
6	O
%),	O
bronchospasm	B-DISO
(	O
75	O
.	O
2	O
%),	O
acute	B-DISO
pulmonary	I-DISO
edema	I-DISO
(	O
84	O
.	O
1	O
%),	O
upper	B-DISO
airway	I-DISO
obstruction	I-DISO
(	O
76	O
.	O
1	O
%),	O
and	O
in	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
91	O
%	O
if	O
mild	O
,	O
53	O
.	O
1	O
%	O
if	O
moderate	O
,	O
and	O
5	O
.	O
3	O
%	O
if	O
severe	O
).	O

Areas	O
covered	O
:	O
Several	O
mechanisms	O
of	O
VILI	O
have	O
been	O
described	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
:	O
inspiratory	B-PROC
and	O
/	O
or	O
expiratory	B-PROC
stress	O
inducing	O
overdistension	O
(	O
volutrauma	O
);	O
interfaces	O
between	O
collapsed	O
or	O
edema	B-DISO
-	O
filled	O
alveoli	B-ANAT
with	O
surrounding	O
open	O
alveoli	B-ANAT
,	O
acting	O
as	O
stress	O
raisers	O
;	O
alveoli	B-ANAT
that	O
repetitively	O
open	O
and	O
close	O
during	O
tidal	O
breathing	B-PROC
(	O
atelectrauma	O
);	O
and	O
peripheral	O
airway	B-ANAT
dynamics	O
.	O

In	O
this	O
review	O
,	O
we	O
discuss	O
:	O
the	O
definition	O
and	O
classification	O
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
;	O
ventilatory	O
parameters	O
that	O
act	O
as	O
VILI	O
determinants	O
(	O
tidal	O
volume	O
,	O
respiratory	O
rate	O
,	O
positive	O
end	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
expiratory	I-PROC
pressure	O
,	O
peak	O
,	O
plateau	O
,	O
driving	O
and	O
transpulmonary	O
pressures	O
,	O
energy	O
,	O
mechanical	O
power	O
,	O
and	O
intensity	O
);	O
and	O
the	O
roles	O
of	O
prone	O
positioning	O
and	O
muscle	O
paralysis	O
.	O

Expert	O
commentary	O
:	O
To	O
prevent	O
VILI	O
,	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
strategies	O
should	O
minimize	O
inspiratory	B-PROC
/	O
expiratory	B-PROC
stress	O
,	O
dynamic	O
/	O
static	O
strain	O
,	O
energy	O
,	O
mechanical	O
power	O
,	O
and	O
intensity	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
mitigate	O
the	O
hemodynamic	B-PROC
consequences	O
of	O
positive	O
-	O
pressure	O
ventilation	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Effect	O
of	O
goal	O
-	O
directed	O
haemodynamic	O
therapy	O
on	O
postoperative	B-DISO
complications	I-DISO
in	O
low	O
-	O
moderate	O
risk	O
surgical	O
patients	O
:	O
a	O
multicentre	O
randomised	O
controlled	O
trial	O
(	O
FEDORA	O
trial	O
).	O

In	O
the	O
GDHT	O
group	O
,	O
the	O
intraoperative	O
goals	O
were	O
to	O
maintain	O
a	O
maximal	O
stroke	B-DISO
volume	O
,	O
with	O
mean	O
arterial	B-PROC
pressure	I-PROC
>	O
70	O
mm	O
Hg	O
,	O
and	O
cardiac	B-ANAT
index	O
≥	O
2	O
.	O
5	O
litres	O
min	O
In	O
total	O
,	O
450	O
patients	O
were	O
randomized	O
to	O
the	O
GDHT	O
group	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
224	O
)	O
or	O
control	O
group	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
226	O
).	O

We	O
found	O
that	O
vaccination	O
at	O
early	O
stages	O
of	O
pregnancy	O
induces	O
similar	O
levels	O
of	O
serum	B-COMP
and	O
colostrum	B-ANAT
antibodies	B-COMP
with	O
those	O
at	O
late	O
stages	O
of	O
pregnancy	O
.	O

Sepsis	B-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
is	O
developed	O
when	O
the	O
balance	B-PROC
between	O
the	O
substances	O
that	O
contribute	O
to	O
the	O
inflammation	B-DISO
and	O
anti	O
-	O
inflammatory	O
substances	O
is	O
violated	O
.	O

By	O
the	O
mentioned	O
case	O
there	O
is	O
sepsis	B-DISO
-	O
induced	O
polyorganic	O
insufficiency	O
with	O
underlying	O
severe	O
somatic	O
pathological	O
condition	B-DISO
,	O
with	O
violation	O
of	O
hemodynamics	B-PROC
.	O

This	O
study	O
aimed	O
to	O
ascertain	O
the	O
gastrointestinal	O
virome	O
of	O
these	O
bats	B-SPEC
,	O
as	O
viruses	B-SPEC
excreted	O
in	O
fecal	B-ANAT
material	O
or	O
which	O
may	O
be	O
replicating	O
in	O
rectal	O
or	O
intestinal	B-ANAT
tissues	B-ANAT
have	O
the	O
greatest	O
opportunities	O
of	O
coming	O
into	O
contact	O
with	O
other	O
hosts	B-COMP
.	O

With	O
the	O
exception	O
of	O
the	O
coronaviruses	O
,	O
the	O
study	O
represents	O
the	O
first	O
report	O
of	O
sequence	O
data	O
from	O
several	O
viral	O
families	O
within	O
a	O
Southern	O
African	O
insectivorous	O
bat	B-ENZY
genus	B-SPEC
;	O
highlighting	O
the	O
need	O
for	O
continued	O
investigations	O
in	O
this	O
regard	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Coronavirus	B-SPEC
infection	I-DISO
retards	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
the	O
cortico	O
-	O
medullary	B-ANAT
capillary	B-ANAT
network	I-ANAT
in	O
the	O
bursa	O
of	O
Fabricius	O
of	O
chicken	B-SPEC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Inhibition	B-PROC
of	O
Zika	B-SPEC
Virus	I-SPEC
Replication	O
by	O
Silvestrol	B-CHED
.	O

Very	O
recently	O
,	O
the	O
natural	O
compound	O
silvestrol	B-CHED
isolated	O
from	O
the	O
plant	B-SPEC

The	O
concentration	O
of	O
sDPP4	O
in	O
the	O
plasma	B-ANAT
of	O
MERS	O
patients	O
(	O
474	O
.	O
76	O
±	O
108	O
.	O
06	O
ng	O
/	O
ml	O
)	O
was	O
significantly	O
lower	O
than	O
those	O
of	O
healthy	O
controls	O
(	O
703	O
.	O
42	O
±	O
169	O
.	O
96	O
ng	O
/	O
ml	O
),	O
but	O
there	O
were	O
no	O
significant	O
differences	O
among	O
the	O
patient	O
groups	O
.	O

Therefore	O
,	O
sDPP4	O
levels	O
in	O
the	O
plasma	O
of	O
MERS	O
patients	O
are	O
significantly	O
reduced	O
below	O
the	O
threshold	O
needed	O
to	O
exert	B-PROC
an	O
antiviral	B-CHED
effect	O
against	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
(	O
ALI	O
)	O
and	O
its	O
severe	O
form	O
,	O
known	O
as	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
distress	O
syndrome	O
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
),	O
are	O
caused	O
by	O
direct	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
insults	O
and	O
indirect	O
systemic	O
inflammatory	B-DISO
responses	I-DISO
that	O
result	O
from	O
conditions	O
such	O
as	O
sepsis	B-DISO
,	O
trauma	O
,	O
and	O
major	O
surgery	O
.	O

Emerging	O
evidence	O
has	O
revealed	O
that	O
alveolar	B-ANAT
macrophage	I-ANAT
(	O
AM	O
)	O
death	B-PROC
plays	O
important	O
roles	O
in	O
the	O
progression	O
of	O
lung	B-DISO
inflammation	I-DISO
through	O
its	O
influence	O
on	O
other	O
immune	O
cell	B-COMP
populations	O
in	O
the	O
lung	B-ANAT
.	O

A	O
total	O
of	O
404	O
critically	O
ill	O
ARDS	B-DISO
patients	O
were	O
analyzed	O
.	O

A	O
cutoff	O
level	O
of	O
220	O
NRBC	O
/	O
µl	O
was	O
associated	O
with	O
a	O
more	O
than	O
tripled	O
risk	O
of	O
ICU	O
death	B-PROC
(	O
OR	O
3	O
.	O
2	O
;	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
1	O
.	O
93	O
-	O
5	O
.	O
35	O
;	O
p	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
0001	O
).	O

NRBCs	O
may	O
predict	O
mortality	O
in	O
ARDS	B-DISO
with	O
high	O
prognostic	O
power	O
.	O

Because	O
some	O
auto	O
-	O
antibodies	B-COMP
associated	O
with	O
acute	O
/	O
subacute	O
onset	O
IP	O
have	O
recently	O
become	O
available	O
in	O
clinic	O
,	O
we	O
examined	O
those	O
including	O
anti	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
aminoacyl	I-PRGE
tRNA	I-PRGE
synthetase	I-PRGE
(	O
ARS	O
)	O
antibodies	B-COMP
,	O
and	O
found	O
that	O
she	O
was	O
positive	O
for	O
anti	O
-	O
PL	O
-	O
7	O
antibody	B-COMP
.	O

We	O
diagnosed	O
her	O
anti	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
synthetase	I-PRGE
syndrome	B-DISO
(	O
ASS	B-DISO
)	O
without	O
symptom	B-DISO
of	O
myositis	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
her	O
IP	O
was	O
considered	O
to	O
be	O
ASS	B-DISO
-	O
related	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Little	O
is	O
known	O
about	O
the	O
psychiatric	O
complications	O
or	O
risk	O
factors	O
for	O
depression	O
in	O
suspected	O
or	O
confirmed	O
Middle	O
East	O
Respiratory	O
Syndrome	B-DISO
(	O
MERS	O
)	O
patients	O
quarantined	O
in	O
hospital	O
.	O

27	O
suspected	O
or	O
confirmed	O
MERS	O
patients	O
(	O
age	O
41	O
.	O
15	O
±	O
18	O
.	O
64	O
,	O
male	O
37	O
.	O
0	O
%)	O
completed	O
psychological	B-DISO
assessments	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Combined	O
pharmacotherapy	O
for	O
osteonecrosis	B-DISO
of	O
the	O
femoral	B-ANAT
head	I-ANAT
after	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
and	O
interstitial	B-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
:	O
two	O
and	O
a	O
half	O
to	O
fourteen	O
year	O
follow	O
-	O
up	O
.	O

From	O
August	O
2003	O
to	O
June	O
2015	O
,	O
five	O
patients	O
(	O
ten	O
hips	B-ANAT
)	O
of	O
ONFH	O
in	O
ARCO	B-SPEC
stage	O
I	O
,	O
after	O
SARS	B-DISO
and	O
Interstitial	B-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
,	O
were	O
treated	O
by	O
combined	O
pharmacotherapy	O
.	O

Radiologic	O
findings	O
show	O
no	O
signs	O
of	O
collapse	B-DISO
,	O
necrotic	B-PROC
focus	O
was	O
repaired	O
,	O
and	O
ARCO	B-SPEC
stages	O
were	O
changed	O
from	O
I	O
This	O
combined	O
pharmacotherapy	O
has	O
promising	O
treatment	O
results	O
for	O
delaying	O
or	O
preventing	O
collapse	B-DISO
of	O
ONFH	O
in	O
ARCO	B-SPEC
stage	O
I	O
.	O
METHODS	O
:	O
From	O
August	O
2003	O
to	O
June	O
2015	O
,	O
five	O
patients	O
(	O
ten	O
hips	B-ANAT
)	O
of	O
ONFH	O
in	O
ARCO	B-SPEC
stage	O
I	O
,	O
after	O
SARS	B-DISO
and	O
Interstitial	O
pneumonia	O
,	O
were	O
treated	O
by	O
combined	O
pharmacotherapy	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
is	O
a	O
devastating	O
clinical	O
syndrome	B-DISO
whose	O
diagnosis	O
and	O
therapy	O
are	O
still	O
in	O
question	O
.	O

Lung	B-ANAT
protective	O
strategies	O
with	O
low	O
tidal	O
volume	O
(	O
VT	O
)	O
and	O
lung	B-ANAT
recruitment	B-DISO
should	O
consider	O
the	O
physiology	O
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
because	O
ARDS	B-DISO
presents	O
lung	B-ANAT
inhomogeneity	O
;	O
the	O
same	O
low	O
VT	O
might	O
increase	O
local	O
stress	O
and	O
strain	O
in	O
some	O
patients	O
with	O
low	O
compliance	O
,	O
and	O
lung	B-ANAT
recruitment	B-DISO
could	O
injure	O
lungs	B-ANAT
in	O
ARDS	B-DISO
patients	O
with	O
low	O
recruitability	O
and	O
hemodynamic	B-DISO
instability	I-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Life	O
threatening	O
manifestations	O
of	O
lupus	B-DISO
and	O
antiphospholipid	B-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
in	O
internal	O
medicine	B-CHED
].	O

The	O
two	O
-	O
hit	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
models	O
described	O
,	O
resulting	O
in	O
additive	O
but	O
differential	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
recaptures	O
the	O
clinical	O
relevant	O
multifactorial	O
etiology	O
of	O
ALI	O
and	O
could	O
be	O
a	O
valuable	O
tool	O
in	O
translational	B-PROC
research	O
.	O

Among	O
them	O
,	O
the	O
3	O
-(	O
13	O
-	O
hydroxygeranyl	O
)-	O
1	O
-(	O
2	O
'-	O
methylbutanoyl	O
)	O
phloroglucinol	B-CHED
was	O
reported	O
here	O
for	O
the	O
first	O
time	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Therapeutic	O
potentials	O
of	O
Houttuynia	B-SPEC
cordata	I-SPEC
Thunb	O
.	O

against	O
inflammation	B-DISO
and	O
oxidative	B-DISO
stress	I-DISO
:	O
A	O
review	O
.	O

Traditionally	O
the	O
plant	B-SPEC
is	O
used	O
for	O
its	O
various	O
beneficial	O
properties	O
against	O
inflammation	B-DISO
,	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
,	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
,	O
muscular	B-ANAT
sprain	O
,	O
stomach	B-DISO
ulcer	I-DISO
etc	O
.	O

This	O
review	O
aims	O
to	O
provide	O
up	O
-	O
to	O
-	O
date	O
and	O
comprehensive	O
information	O
on	O
the	O
efficacy	O
of	O
H	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
cordata	I-SPEC
extracts	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
its	O
bioactive	O
compounds	O
both	O
in	O
vitro	O
and	O
in	O
vivo	O
,	O
against	O
oxidative	O
stress	O
and	O
inflammation	B-DISO
MATERIALS	O
AND	O
METHODS	O
:	O
Relevant	O
information	O
on	O
H	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
cordata	I-SPEC
against	O
oxidative	B-DISO
stress	I-DISO
and	O
inflammation	B-DISO
were	O
collected	O
from	O
the	O
established	O
scientific	O
databases	O
such	O
as	O
NCBI	O
,	O
Web	B-DISO
of	O
Science	O
,	O
ScienceDirect	O
,	O
Elsevier	O
,	O
and	O
Springer	O
.	O

As	O
both	O
in	O
vitro	O
and	O
in	O
vivo	O
studies	O
were	O
shown	O
that	O
H	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
cordata	I-SPEC
did	O
not	O
have	O
any	O
toxicity	O
on	O
the	O
various	O
model	O
systems	O
used	O
,	O
future	O
clinical	O
studies	O
will	O
hopefully	O
make	O
an	O
impact	O
on	O
the	O
future	O
direction	O
of	O
treating	O
inflammation	B-DISO
-	O
related	O
diseases	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Porcine	B-SPEC
epidemic	I-SPEC
diarrhoea	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
)	O
and	O
porcine	B-SPEC
deltacoronavirus	O
(	O
PDCoV	O
)	O
were	O
first	O
identified	O
in	O
Canada	O
in	O
2014	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Extravascular	O
lung	B-ANAT
water	B-CHED
measurements	O
in	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
:	O
why	O
,	O
how	O
,	O
and	O
when	O
?	O

Currently	O
,	O
EVLW	O
and	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
vascular	B-PROC
permeability	I-PROC
index	O
(	O
PVPI	O
)	O
can	O
be	O
quantitatively	O
measured	O
using	O
the	O
transpulmonary	O
thermodilution	O
(	O
TPTD	O
)	O
technique	O
.	O

Two	O
days	O
after	O
initiation	O
of	O
oral	B-ANAT
chloroquine	B-CHED
treatment	O
,	O
an	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
was	O
diagnosed	O
through	O
chest	B-ANAT
X	O
-	O
ray	B-SPEC
and	O
chest	B-ANAT
CT	O
scan	O
with	O
intravenous	O
contrast	O
.	O

Intravenous	O
artesunate	B-CHED
and	O
oral	B-ANAT
doxycycline	B-CHED
were	O
started	O
and	O
he	O
made	O
a	O
full	O
recovery	O
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
Ovale	B-DISO
malaria	I-DISO
is	O
usually	O
considered	O
a	O
tropical	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
associated	O
with	O
low	O
morbidity	O
and	O
mortality	O
.	O

Both	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
and	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
were	O
shown	O
to	O
express	O
proteins	B-CHED
with	O
the	O
potential	O
to	O
evade	O
early	O
innate	B-DISO
immune	I-DISO
responses	I-DISO
.	O

The	O
potential	O
role	O
of	O
the	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
OC43	I-SPEC
structural	O
(	O
M	O
and	O
N	O
)	O
and	O
accessory	O
proteins	B-CHED
(	O
ns2a	O
and	O
ns5a	O
)	O
in	O
the	O
alteration	O
of	O
antiviral	B-CHED
gene	B-PROC
expression	I-PROC
was	O
investigated	O
in	O
this	O
study	O
.	O

HCoV	O
-	O
OC43M	O
,	O
N	O
,	O
ns2a	O
and	O
ns5a	O
proteins	B-CHED
were	O
expressed	B-PROC
in	O
human	B-SPEC
embryonic	B-ANAT
kidney	B-ANAT
293	O
(	O
HEK	O
-	O
293	O
)	O
cells	B-COMP
before	O
challenge	O
with	O
Sendai	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Two	O
infectious	O
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
IBV	B-SPEC
)	O
strains	O
,	O
designated	O
as	O
γCoV	O
/	O
ck	O
/	O
China	O
/	O
I0712	O
/	O
11	O
(	O
I0712	O
/	O
11	O
)	O
and	O
γCoV	O
/	O
ck	O
/	O
China	O
/	O
I0108	O
/	O
17	O
(	O
I0108	O
/	O
17	O
),	O
were	O
isolated	O
from	O
diseased	O
chicken	B-SPEC
flocks	O
in	O
different	O
provinces	O
in	O
China	O
and	O
genotyped	O
as	O
Arkansas	O
(	O
Ark	B-PRGE
)-	O
type	O
viruses	B-SPEC
with	O
three	O
other	O
Chinese	O
Ark	B-PRGE
field	O
strains	O
,	O
the	O
Jilin	O
vaccine	O
strain	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
American	O
Ark	B-PRGE
-	O
and	O
Ark	B-PRGE
DPI	O
-	O
like	O
viruses	B-SPEC
.	O

On	O
postmortem	O
examination	O
,	O
one	O
bird	B-SPEC
each	O
in	O
the	O
MGC	B-DISO
+	O
IBV	B-SPEC
and	O
IBV	B-SPEC
groups	O
developed	O
peritonitis	B-DISO
or	O
airsacculitis	B-DISO
,	O
respectively	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Genetic	O
and	O
Pathologic	O
Characterization	O
of	O
a	O
Novel	O
Recombinant	O
TC07	O
-	O
2	O
-	O
Type	O
Avian	B-SPEC
Infectious	I-DISO
Bronchitis	I-DISO
Virus	O
.	O

When	O
7	O
-	O
day	O
-	O
old	O
specific	O
-	O
pathogen	O
-	O
free	O
chickens	B-SPEC
were	O
inoculated	O
with	O
the	O
KrD1515	O
virus	B-SPEC
,	O
they	O
developed	O
severe	O
respiratory	B-DISO
symptoms	I-DISO
and	O
tracheal	O
lesions	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Infectious	O
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
IBV	B-SPEC
)	O
is	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
foremost	O
causes	O
of	O
a	O
persistent	O
economic	O
burden	O
to	O
poultry	O
industries	O
worldwide	O
.	O

The	O
PDCoV	O
-	O
inoculated	O
piglets	O
showed	O
acute	O
,	O
watery	B-DISO
diarrhoea	I-DISO
,	O
but	O
all	O
recovered	O
and	O
survived	O
.	O

The	O
outcome	O
of	O
interest	O
was	O
5	O
-	O
year	O
mortality	O
following	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

Variables	O
of	O
patient	O
background	O
and	O
infectious	B-DISO
episode	O
were	O
studied	O
in	O
association	O
with	O
the	O
main	O
outcome	O
through	O
multiple	O
logistic	O
regression	O
.	O

Age	O
,	O
previous	O
comorbidities	O
,	O
and	O
functional	O
status	O
and	O
infection	B-DISO
by	O
an	O
ESKAPE	O
pathogen	O
were	O
consistently	O
associated	O
with	O
long	O
-	O
term	O
prognosis	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Severe	O
coccidioidal	O
pneumonia	O
with	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
is	O
associated	O
with	O
high	O
mortality	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Three	O
cases	O
of	O
severe	O
coccidioidal	O
ARDS	B-DISO
survived	O
after	O
treatment	O
with	O
ECMO	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Infection	B-DISO
,	O
genetic	O
and	O
virulence	B-PROC
characteristics	O
of	O
porcine	B-SPEC
epidemic	I-SPEC
diarrhea	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
in	O
northwest	O
China	O
.	O

Typical	O
clinical	O
symptoms	O
of	O
the	O
disease	O
included	O
severe	B-DISO
diarrhea	I-DISO
,	O
vomiting	B-DISO
,	O
dehydration	B-DISO
and	O
death	B-PROC
.	O

In	O
order	B-SPEC
to	O
identify	O
the	O
pathogen	O
,	O
27	O
intestinal	B-ANAT
samples	O
were	O
collected	O
from	O
dead	B-PROC
piglets	O
in	O
Shaanxi	O
,	O
Gansu	O
and	O
Qinghai	O
provinces	O
and	O
from	O
Ningxia	O
Hui	O
Autonomous	O
Region	O
.	O

Six	O
strains	O
were	O
successfully	O
isolated	O
from	O
positive	O
samples	O
and	O
were	O
serially	O
passaged	O
40	O
times	O
in	O
Vero	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
,	O
with	O
obvious	O
cytopathic	O
effects	O
observed	O
after	O
24	O
h	O
post	O
inoculation	O
(	O
hpi	B-DISO
)	O
and	O
virus	B-SPEC
titers	O
reaching	B-PROC
1	O
.	O
0	O
×	O
10	O

The	O
objective	O
of	O
this	O
study	O
was	O
to	O
assess	O
the	O
frequency	O
of	O
different	O
pathogens	O
involved	O
in	O
cases	O
of	O
recurrent	O
neonatal	B-DISO
diarrhoea	I-DISO
in	O
Spain	O
.	O

A	O
total	O
of	O
327	O
litters	O
from	O
109	O
sow	O
farms	O
located	O
in	O
Spain	O
with	O
neonatal	O
recurrent	O
diarrhoea	B-DISO
were	O
sampled	O
to	O
establish	O
a	O
differential	O
diagnosis	O
against	O
the	O
main	O
enteric	O
pathogens	O
in	O
piglets	O
.	O

We	O
investigated	O
the	O
in	O
vitro	O
bactericidal	O
and	O
virucidal	O
efficacy	O
of	O
povidone	B-CHED
-	O
iodine	B-CHED
(	O
PVP	B-CHED
-	O
I	O
)	O
7	O
%	O
gargle	O
/	O
mouthwash	O
at	O
defined	O
dilution	O
against	O
oral	B-ANAT
and	O
respiratory	B-ANAT
tract	I-ANAT
pathogens	O
.	O

PVP	B-CHED
-	O
I	O
was	O
tested	O
against	O
Klebsiella	B-SPEC
pneumoniae	I-SPEC
and	O
Streptococcus	B-SPEC
pneumoniae	I-SPEC
according	O
to	O
bactericidal	O
quantitative	O
suspension	O
test	O
EN13727	O
and	O
against	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
and	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
coronaviruses	O
(	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
and	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
),	O
rotavirus	B-SPEC
strain	O
Wa	O
and	O
influenza	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
A	O
subtype	O
H1N1	O
according	O
to	O
virucidal	O
quantitative	O
suspension	O
test	O
EN14476	O
.	O

A	O
≥	O
5	O
log	O
PVP	B-CHED
-	O
I	O
gargle	O
/	O
mouthwash	O
diluted	O
1	O
:	O
30	O
(	O
equivalent	O
to	O
a	O
concentration	O
of	O
0	O
.	O
23	O
%	O
PVP	B-CHED
-	O
I	O
)	O
showed	O
effective	O
bactericidal	B-PROC
activity	I-PROC
against	O
Klebsiella	B-SPEC
pneumoniae	I-SPEC
and	O
Streptococcus	B-SPEC
pneumoniae	I-SPEC
and	O
rapidly	O
inactivated	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
,	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
,	O
influenza	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
A	O
(	O
H1N1	O
)	O
and	O
rotavirus	B-SPEC
after	O
15	O
s	O
of	O
exposure	O
.	O

Veno	O
-	O
venous	B-ANAT
extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenation	B-PROC
can	O
be	O
utilized	O
for	O
severe	O
ACS	B-FUNC
in	O
adult	O
patients	O
with	O
sickle	B-DISO
cell	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
.	O

Prompt	O
initiation	O
of	O
this	O
modality	O
may	O
improve	O
outcomes	O
in	O
adult	O
patients	O
with	O
sickle	B-DISO
cell	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
complicated	O
by	O
life	O
threatening	O
ACS	B-FUNC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Resiquimod	B-CHED
enhances	O
mucosal	B-ANAT
and	O
systemic	O
immunity	B-PROC
against	O
avian	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
bronchitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
vaccine	O
in	O
the	O
chicken	O
.	O

Here	O
,	O
we	O
report	O
the	O
effect	O
of	O
R	B-CHED
-	I-CHED
848	I-CHED
when	O
adjuvanted	O
with	O
live	O
or	O
inactivated	O
avian	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
bronchitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
IBV	B-SPEC
)	O
vaccines	O
with	O
special	O
emphasis	O
on	O
mucosal	B-PROC
immunity	I-PROC
.	O

Groups	O
that	O
received	O
either	O
PBS	B-DISO
or	O
R	B-CHED
-	I-CHED
848	I-CHED
served	O
as	O
control	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
is	O
caused	O
by	O
many	O
factors	O
including	O
inhalation	B-PROC
of	O
toxicants	O
,	O
acute	O
barotrauma	O
,	O
acid	O
aspiration	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
burns	O
.	O

Glycerolipids	B-CHED
,	O
particularly	O
those	O
containing	O
polyunsaturated	B-CHED
fatty	I-CHED
acid	I-CHED
side	O
-	O
chains	O
,	O
represented	O
many	O
of	O
the	O
lipids	B-CHED
with	O
higher	O
concentrations	O
in	O
survivors	O
.	O

These	O
findings	O
support	O
future	O
research	O
aimed	O
at	O
integrating	O
lipidomics	O
into	O
critical	O
care	O
medicine	B-CHED
.	O

Phylogenetic	O
analysis	O
showed	O
that	O
PDCoV	B-PRGE
spike	I-PRGE
(	I-PRGE
S	I-PRGE
)	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
was	O
close	O
to	O
the	O
cluster	O
containing	O
transmissible	O
gastroenteritis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
),	O
which	O
utilizes	O
porcine	B-PRGE
aminopeptidase	B-ENZY
N	I-ENZY
(	O
pAPN	O
)	O
as	O
a	O
functional	O
receptor	O
.	O

This	O
close	O
proximity	O
between	O
human	B-SPEC
and	O
bats	B-SPEC
provides	O
ample	O
opportunity	O
for	O
zoonotic	O
events	O
.	O

This	O
study	O
aimed	O
to	O
determine	O
during	O
human	B-SPEC
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
:	O
the	O
alveolar	B-ANAT
macrophage	I-ANAT
polarization	O
,	O
the	O
effect	O
of	O
alveolar	B-ANAT
environment	O
on	O
macrophage	B-ANAT
polarization	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
role	O
of	O
polarized	O
macrophages	B-ANAT
on	O
epithelial	O
repair	B-PROC
.	O

Ex	O
vivo	O
,	O
alveolar	B-ANAT
macrophages	I-ANAT
from	O
early	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
patients	O
exhibited	O
anti	O
-	O
inflammatory	O
characteristics	O
with	O
high	O
CD163	B-PRGE
expression	B-PROC
and	O
interleukin	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
10	I-PROC
production	I-PROC
.	O

Early	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
alveolar	B-ANAT
environment	O
drives	O
an	O
anti	O
-	O
inflammatory	O
macrophage	B-ANAT
polarization	O
favoring	O
epithelial	O
repair	B-PROC
through	O
activation	O
of	O
the	O
hepatocyte	B-PROC
growth	B-PROC
factor	I-PROC
pathway	B-PROC
.	O

The	O
risk	O
of	O
transmission	O
of	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
infection	B-DISO
to	O
healthcare	O
workers	O
(	O
HCWs	O
)	O
was	O
assessed	O
in	O
an	O
outbreak	O
in	O
Riyadh	O
.	O

In	O
an	O
effort	B-PROC
to	O
overcome	O
the	O
PK	O
shortcomings	O
,	O
modifications	O
to	O
the	O
P3	O
-	O
P4	O
junction	O
were	O
made	O
.	O

IBV	B-SPEC
-	O
CS	O
vaccine	O
administered	O
alone	O
resulted	O
in	O
markedly	O
mucosal	B-PROC
immune	I-PROC
responses	I-PROC
,	O
characterized	O
by	O
high	O
levels	O
of	O
anti	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
IBV	I-PRGE
IgA	I-PRGE
isotype	I-PRGE
antibodies	B-COMP
and	O
IFNγ	B-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
expression	O
at	O
1dpi	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Is	O
ambient	O
air	B-CHED
pollution	O
associated	O
with	O
onset	O
of	O
sudden	B-DISO
infant	I-DISO
death	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
:	O
a	O
case	O
-	O
crossover	O
study	O
in	O
the	O
UK	O
.	O

For	O
an	O
IQR	O
increase	O
in	O
previous	O
day	O
pollutant	O
concentration	O
,	O
the	O
percentage	O
increases	O
(	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
)	O
in	O
SIDS	B-DISO
were	O
16	O
(	O
6	O
to	O
27	O
)	O
for	O
PM	O
The	O
results	O
indicated	O
ambient	O
air	O
pollutants	O
,	O
particularly	O
PM	O
RESULTS	O
:	O
For	O
an	O
IQR	O
increase	O
in	O
previous	O
day	O
pollutant	O
concentration	O
,	O
the	O
percentage	O
increases	O
(	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
)	O
in	O
SIDS	B-DISO
were	O
16	O
(	O
6	O
to	O
27	O
)	O
for	O
PM	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Detection	O
and	O
characterisation	O
of	O
coronaviruses	O
in	O
migratory	O
and	O
non	O
-	O
migratory	O
Australian	O
wild	O
birds	B-SPEC
.	O

Given	O
that	O
Australian	O
duck	B-SPEC
gammacoronaviruses	O
are	O
highly	O
similar	O
to	O
those	O
found	O
in	O
other	O
regions	O
,	O
and	O
Australian	O
ducks	B-SPEC
rarely	O
come	O
into	O
contact	O
with	O
migratory	O
Palearctic	O
duck	B-SPEC
species	B-SPEC
,	O
we	O
hypothesise	O
that	O
migratory	O
shorebirds	B-SPEC
are	O
the	O
important	O
vector	O
for	O
moving	B-PROC
wild	O
bird	B-SPEC
coronaviruses	O
into	O
and	O
out	O
of	O
Australia	O
.	O

Mitochondrial	B-COMP
function	O
analysis	O
in	O
cultured	O
patient	O
fibroblasts	B-ANAT
was	O
undertaken	O
to	O
confirm	O
the	O
pathogenicity	O
of	O
candidate	O
variants	O
.	O

The	O
patient	O
presented	O
at	O
18	O
months	O
with	O
acute	O
hemiplegia	B-DISO
and	O
cognitive	O
regression	O
without	O
obvious	O
trigger	O
.	O

Previously	O
reported	O
cases	O
of	O
multiple	B-DISO
mitochondrial	I-DISO
dysfunctions	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
2	I-DISO
(	O
MMDS2	B-DISO
)	O
with	O
hyperglycinaemia	B-DISO
caused	O
by	O
BOLA3	O
mutations	O
have	O
leukodystrophy	B-DISO
with	O
severe	O
,	O
progressive	O
neurological	O
and	O
multisystem	O
disease	O
.	O

We	O
have	O
identified	O
a	O
novel	O
disease	O
-	O
causing	O
variant	O
in	O
BOLA3	B-PRGE
validated	O
by	O
functional	O
cellular	B-COMP
studies	O
.	O

Our	O
patient	O
'	O
s	O
clinical	O
course	O
broadens	O
the	O
phenotypic	O
spectrum	O
of	O
MMDS2	B-DISO
and	O
highlights	O
the	O
potential	O
for	O
some	O
genetic	O
leukoencephalopathies	B-DISO
to	O
spontaneously	O
improve	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
The	O
patient	O
presented	O
at	O
18	O
months	O
with	O
acute	O
hemiplegia	B-DISO
and	O
cognitive	O
regression	O
without	O
obvious	O
trigger	O
.	O

A	O
serologic	O
study	O
was	O
conducted	O
to	O
determine	O
the	O
asymptomatic	O
MERS	O
infection	B-DISO
rate	O
in	O
healthcare	O
workers	O
and	O
non	O
-	O
healthcare	O
workers	O
by	O
exposure	O
status	O
.	O

The	O
case	O
was	O
quarantined	O
at	O
home	O
for	O
2	O
weeks	O
after	O
discharge	O
,	O
and	O
had	O
underlying	O
diseases	O
,	O
including	O
hypertension	B-DISO
,	O
angina	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
degenerative	B-DISO
arthritis	I-DISO
.	O

A	O
national	O
,	O
multicenter	O
,	O
point	O
-	O
prevalence	O
study	O
was	O
conducted	O
to	O
determine	O
the	O
prevalence	O
,	O
causative	O
microorganisms	O
,	O
and	O
outcome	O
of	O
sepsis	B-DISO
in	O
intensive	O
care	O
units	O
(	O
ICUs	O
)	O
in	O
Turkey	B-SPEC
.	O

The	O
presence	O
of	O
systemic	B-DISO
inflammatory	I-DISO
response	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SIRS	B-DISO
),	O
severe	B-DISO
sepsis	I-DISO
,	O
and	O
septic	B-DISO
shock	I-DISO
were	O
assessed	O
and	O
documented	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
consensus	O
criteria	O
of	O
the	O
American	O
College	O
of	O
Chest	B-ANAT
Physicians	O
and	O
Society	O
of	O
Critical	O
Care	O
Medicine	B-CHED
(	O
SEPSIS	B-DISO
-	O
I	O
)	O
in	O
infected	O
patients	O
.	O

According	O
to	O
SEPSIS	B-DISO
-	O
III	O
,	O
104	O
(	O
6	O
.	O
9	O
%)	O
patients	O
had	O
septic	B-DISO
shock	I-DISO
(	O
mortality	O
rate	O
,	O
75	O
.	O
9	O
%).	O

Approximately	O
,	O
74	O
.	O
9	O
%,	O
39	O
.	O
1	O
%,	O
and	O
26	O
.	O
5	O
%	O
of	O
Acinetobacter	B-SPEC
,	O
Klebsiella	B-SPEC
,	O
and	O
Pseudomonas	B-SPEC
spp	B-ENZY
.	O

Although	O
the	O
prevalence	O
of	O
carbapenem	B-CHED
resistance	B-PROC
was	O
high	O
in	O
Turkish	O
ICUs	O
,	O
it	O
was	O
not	O
associated	O
with	O
a	O
higher	O
risk	O
for	O
mortality	O
.	O

infection	B-DISO
,	O
renal	B-ANAT
replacement	O
treatment	O
,	O
and	O
a	O
nurse	O
-	O
to	O
-	O
patient	O
ratio	O
of	O
1	O
:	O
4	O
(	O
compared	O
with	O
a	O
nurse	O
-	O
to	O
-	O
patient	O
ratio	O
of	O
1	O
:	O
2	O
)	O
were	O
independent	O
predictors	O
of	O
mortality	O
in	O
infected	O
patients	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Varicella	O
pneumonia	O
is	O
a	O
rare	O
but	O
a	O
serious	O
complication	B-DISO
of	O
chickenpox	B-DISO
in	O
adults	O
.	O

Fisher	B-SPEC
'	O
s	O
Z	O
-	O
test	O
of	O
proportions	O
and	O
analysis	O
of	O
variance	O
were	O
applied	O
.	O

The	O
mortality	O
was	O
higher	O
among	O
patients	O
with	O
qSOFA	O
>	O
3	O
,	O
mean	O
arterial	B-ANAT
blood	I-ANAT
pressure	O
<	O
60	O
mmHg	O
,	O
and	O
severe	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
at	O
presentation	O
.	O

Patients	O
with	O
severe	O
varicella	B-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
are	O
at	O
an	O
increased	O
risk	O
of	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
and	O
death	B-PROC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Pulmonary	B-ANAT
microvascular	O
endothelial	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
(	O
ECs	O
)	O
are	O
integral	O
to	O
the	O
alveoli	B-ANAT
-	O
capillary	B-ANAT
barrier	O
of	O
the	O
lung	B-ANAT
.	O

Of	O
the	O
33	O
APIP	O
patients	O
,	O
26	O
(	O
79	O
%)	O
developed	O
APIP	O
in	O
the	O
late	B-DISO
pregnancy	I-DISO
.	O

Among	O
the	O
31	O
neonates	O
born	O
alive	O
(	O
two	O
of	O
them	O
were	O
twins	O
),	O
1	O
(	O
3	O
%)	O
died	B-PROC
,	O
12	O
(	O
39	O
%)	O
experienced	O
neonatal	B-DISO
hyperbilirubinemia	I-DISO
,	O
8	O
(	O
26	O
%)	O
had	O
neonatal	B-DISO
hypoglycemia	I-DISO
,	O
6	O
(	O
19	O
%)	O
had	O
neonatal	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
,	O
5	O
(	O
16	O
%)	O
experienced	O
infectious	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
,	O
and	O
2	O
(	O
6	O
%)	O
experienced	O
intracranial	B-DISO
hemorrhage	I-DISO
.	O

The	O
study	O
indicated	O
three	O
statistically	O
significant	O
risk	O
factors	O
of	O
influenza	B-DISO
severity	O
,	O
including	O
presence	O
of	O
chronic	O
underlying	O
illness	O
/	O
condition	B-DISO
[	O
odds	O
ratio	O
(	O
OR	O
)	O
of	O
15	O
.	O
2	O
,	O
95	O
%	O
confidence	O
interval	O
(	O
CI	O
)	O
of	O
1	O
.	O
8	O
–	O
125	O
.	O
4	O
,	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
001	O
),	O
age	O
≥	O
15	O
years	O
(	O
OR	O
9	O
.	O
2	O
,	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
3	O
.	O
5	O
–	O
24	O
.	O
1	O
,	O
p	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
001	O
),	O
and	O
delay	O
in	O
medical	O
care	O
of	O
more	O
than	O
two	O
days	O
after	O
the	O
symptoms	O
onset	O
(	O
OR	O
3	O
.	O
2	O
,	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
1	O
.	O
6	O
–	O
6	O
.	O
4	O
,	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
001	O
).	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
prevalence	O
,	O
symptom	O
course	O
,	O
and	O
shedding	O
in	O
persons	O
infected	O
with	O
the	O
4	O
most	O
common	O
human	B-SPEC
coronaviruses	O
(	O
HCoV	O
)-	O
229E	O
,	O
HKU1	O
,	O
NL63	O
,	O
and	O
OC43	O
are	O
poorly	O
described	O
.	O

We	O
estimate	O
their	O
prevalence	O
and	O
associated	B-DISO
symptoms	I-DISO
among	O
college	O
students	O
identified	O
via	O
a	O
social	O
network	O
study	O
design	O
.	O

Whereas	O
RV	O
outbreaks	O
were	O
coincident	O
between	O
the	O
KCDC	O
and	O
the	O
adult	O
graph	O
with	O
respect	O
to	O
influenza	O
virus	O
,	O
respiratory	B-SPEC
syncytial	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
,	O
human	B-SPEC
metapneumovirus	I-SPEC
,	O
and	O
human	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
,	O
the	O
same	O
was	O
not	O
true	O
for	O
human	B-SPEC
bocavirus	I-SPEC
,	O
parainfluenza	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
,	O
rhinovirus	B-SPEC
,	O
and	O
adenovirus	B-DISO
.	O

A	O
national	O
RV	O
surveillance	O
dataset	O
may	O
be	O
useful	O
in	O
identifying	O
RV	O
outbreaks	O
in	O
adult	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
ARI	B-CHED
.	O

The	O
mean	O
of	O
survival	O
days	O
from	O
onset	O
of	O
illness	O
to	O
death	O
was	O
46	O
.	O
6	O
(	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
,	O
30	O
.	O
5	O
-	O
62	O
.	O
6	O
)	O
for	O
the	O
IFN	B-PRGE
group	I-PRGE
compared	O
with	O
18	O
.	O
8	O
(	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
,	O
10	O
.	O
3	O
-	O
27	O
.	O
4	O
)	O
for	O
the	O
supportive	O
-	O
only	O
group	O
(	O
P	O
=	O
.	O
001	O
).	O

Thus	O
,	O
the	O
aim	O
of	O
this	O
study	O
was	O
to	O
evaluate	O
fecal	B-ANAT
S100A12	O
concentrations	O
in	O
a	O
cohort	O
of	O
puppies	O
with	O
intestinal	B-DISO
parasites	I-DISO
(	O
Cystoisospora	B-SPEC
spp	B-ENZY
.,	O
Toxocara	B-SPEC
canis	I-SPEC
,	O
Giardia	B-DISO
sp	O
.)	O
and	O
viral	O
agents	O
that	O
are	O
frequently	O
encountered	O
and	O
known	O
to	O
cause	O
gastrointestinal	O
signs	O
in	O
dogs	B-SPEC
(	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
,	O
parvovirus	B-DISO
)	O
as	O
a	O
comparative	O
model	O
.	O

(	O
C	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
canis	I-SPEC
and	O
C	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
ohioensis	I-SPEC
),	O
Toxocara	B-SPEC
canis	I-SPEC
,	O
Giardia	B-DISO
sp	O
.,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
canine	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
CCV	B-DISO
)	O
and	O
parvovirus	B-DISO
(	O
CPV	B-SPEC
).	O

Of	O
16928	O
NPSs	O
tested	O
for	O
the	O
common	O
viruses	B-SPEC
,	O
4259	O
(	O
25	O
.	O
2	O
%)	O
were	O
positive	O
for	O
≥	O
1	O
target	O
;	O
596	O
(	O
13	O
.	O
8	O
%)	O
had	O
coinfections	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Burden	O
and	O
Risk	O
Factors	O
for	O
Coronavirus	B-DISO
Infections	I-DISO
in	O
Infants	O
in	O
Rural	O
Nepal	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Knowledge	O
of	O
risk	O
factors	O
for	O
symptomatic	O
human	O
coronavirus	O
(	O
HCoV	O
)	O
infections	B-DISO
in	O
children	O
in	O
community	O
settings	O
is	O
limited	O
.	O

There	O
is	O
an	O
increased	O
risk	O
of	O
HCoV	O
infection	B-DISO
beyond	O
the	O
first	O
month	O
of	O
life	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
has	O
represented	O
a	O
human	B-SPEC
health	O
threat	O
since	O
2012	O
.	O

International	O
health	O
community	O
'	O
s	O
attention	O
goes	B-SPEC
towards	O
this	O
mass	O
gathering	O
and	O
the	O
possibility	O
of	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
any	O
respiratory	B-DISO
tract	I-DISO
infections	I-DISO
due	O
to	O
the	O
high	O
risk	O
of	O
acquisition	O
of	O
respiratory	O
viruses	B-SPEC
.	O

We	O
searched	O
MEDLINE	O
/	O
PubMed	O
and	O
Scopus	B-SPEC
databases	O
for	O
relevant	O
papers	O
describing	O
the	O
prevalence	O
of	O
respiratory	O
viruses	B-SPEC
among	O
Hajj	O
pilgrims	O
.	O

Post	O
-	O
Hajj	O
cohort	O
studies	O
would	O
further	O
evaluate	O
the	O
impact	O
of	O
the	O
Hajj	O
on	O
the	O
acquisition	O
of	O
respiratory	O
viruses	B-SPEC
.	O

Data	O
of	O
spirometry	O
,	O
total	O
lung	B-PROC
capacity	I-PROC
(	O
TLC	O
),	O
diffusing	O
capacity	O
of	O
carbon	B-CHED
monoxide	I-CHED
(	O
DL	O
Nine	O
survivors	O
of	O
H1N1	O
-	O
ARDS	B-DISO
in	O
the	O
study	O
period	O
were	O
included	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Infections	B-DISO
with	O
bat	B-ENZY
-	O
origin	O
coronaviruses	O
have	O
caused	O
severe	O
illness	O
in	O
humans	O
by	O
'	B-COMP
host	I-COMP
jump	O
'.	O

Recently	O
,	O
novel	O
bat	B-ENZY
-	O
origin	O
coronaviruses	O
were	O
found	O
in	O
pigs	B-SPEC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
is	O
a	O
lethal	O
zoonosis	B-DISO
that	O
causes	O
death	B-PROC
in	O
35	O
·	O
7	O
%	O
of	O
cases	O
.	O

The	O
clinical	O
features	O
associated	O
with	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
infection	B-DISO
are	O
not	O
MERS	O
-	O
specific	O
and	O
are	O
similar	O
to	O
other	O
respiratory	B-DISO
tract	I-DISO
infections	I-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
As	O
cell	B-COMP
-	O
invading	O
molecular	O
machinery	O
,	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
spike	O
proteins	B-CHED
pose	O
an	O
evolutionary	O
conundrum	O
due	O
to	O
their	O
high	O
divergence	O
.	O

Based	O
on	O
the	O
above	O
structural	O
and	O
functional	O
comparisons	O
,	O
we	O
propose	O
that	O
the	O
evolutionary	O
spectrum	O
of	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
spikes	O
follows	O
the	O
order	B-SPEC
of	O
α	O
-,	O
δ	O
-,	O
γ	O
-,	O
and	O
β	O
-	O
genus	B-SPEC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Effects	O
of	O
hypervariable	O
regions	O
in	O
spike	O
protein	B-CHED
on	O
pathogenicity	O
,	O
tropism	B-PROC
,	O
and	O
serotypes	O
of	O
infectious	O
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
.	O

All	O
seven	O
recombinant	O
IBVs	O
proliferated	O
in	O
Vero	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
,	O
but	O
the	O
heterogenous	O
HVRs	O
could	O
reduce	O
their	O
capacity	O
for	O
adsorption	O
during	O
in	O
vitro	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

Distal	O
embolization	O
was	O
noted	O
in	O
four	O
patients	O
(	O
6	O
%),	O
of	O
whom	O
two	O
had	O
AMI	B-DISO
.	O

All	O
large	O
emboli	O
were	O
retrieved	O
using	O
catheter	O
aspiration	B-DISO
devices	O
,	O
but	O
one	O
small	O
distal	O
embolus	O
was	O
left	O
untreated	O
with	O
no	O
clinical	O
consequences	O
.	O

Despite	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
EPD	B-DISO
,	O
distal	O
embolization	O
occurred	O
in	O
6	O
%	O
of	O
patients	O
and	O
was	O
successfully	O
treated	O
using	O
catheter	O
aspiration	B-DISO
devices	O
.	O

All	O
samples	O
were	O
collected	O
on	O
the	O
day	O
of	O
weaning	O
and	O
14	O
days	O
after	O
weaning	B-PROC
.	O

More	O
emphasis	O
should	O
be	O
placed	O
on	O
educating	O
the	O
student	O
participants	O
about	O
preventive	O
measures	O
such	O
as	O
using	O
tissues	B-ANAT
when	O
sneezing	O
and	O
coughing	B-DISO
and	O
proper	O
tissue	B-ANAT
disposal	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Factors	O
among	O
patients	O
receiving	O
prone	O
positioning	O
for	O
the	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
found	O
useful	O
for	O
predicting	O
mortality	O
in	O
the	O
intensive	O
care	O
unit	O
.	O

Therefore	O
,	O
the	O
combined	O
induction	O
of	O
virus	B-SPEC
-	O
specific	O
CD8	B-PRGE
T	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
and	O
antibodies	B-COMP
may	O
provide	O
optimal	O
protective	O
immunity	B-PROC
.	O

We	O
screened	O
case	O
records	O
of	O
all	O
children	O
aged	O
1	O
month	O
to	O
17	O
years	O
of	O
age	O
admitted	O
to	O
the	O
Pediatric	O
Intensive	O
Care	O
Unit	O
(	O
PICU	B-SPEC
)	O
over	O
a	O
3	O
-	O
year	O
period	O
(	O
2015	O
-	O
2017	O
)	O
for	O
presence	O
of	O
any	O
respiratory	B-DISO
difficulty	I-DISO
at	O
admission	O
or	O
during	O
PICU	B-SPEC
stay	O
.	O

A	O
total	O
of	O
61	O
children	O
(	O
prevalence	O
9	O
.	O
9	O
%;	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
:	O
7	O
.	O
8	O
-	O
12	O
.	O
4	O
)	O
fulfilled	O
the	O
definition	O
of	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
distress	O
syndrome	O
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
with	O
either	O
of	O
the	O
two	O
criteria	O
.	O

Among	O
the	O
recently	O
emerged	O
respiratory	O
pathogens	O
are	O
influenza	B-SPEC
viruses	I-SPEC
,	O
coronaviruses	O
,	O
enteroviruses	B-SPEC
,	O
and	O
adenoviruses	B-SPEC
.	O

As	O
the	O
genesis	O
of	O
these	O
emerging	O
viruses	B-SPEC
is	O
not	O
well	O
understood	O
and	O
their	O
detection	O
normally	O
occurs	O
after	O
they	O
have	O
crossed	O
over	O
and	O
adapted	O
to	O
man	B-CHED
,	O
ideally	O
,	O
strategies	O
for	O
such	O
novel	O
virus	O
detection	O
should	O
include	O
intensive	O
surveillance	O
at	O
the	O
human	B-SPEC
-	O
animal	B-SPEC
interface	O
,	O
particularly	O
if	O
one	O
believes	O
the	O
paradigm	O
that	O
many	O
novel	O
emerging	O
zoonotic	O
viruses	B-SPEC
first	O
circulate	O
in	O
animal	B-SPEC
populations	O
and	O
occasionally	O
infect	O
man	B-CHED
before	O
they	O
fully	O
adapt	O
to	O
man	B-CHED
;	O
early	O
detection	O
at	O
the	O
human	B-SPEC
-	O
animal	B-SPEC
interface	O
will	O
provide	O
earlier	O
warning	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Bovine	B-SPEC
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
BCoV	O
)	O
is	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
main	O
aetiological	O
agents	O
of	O
gastroenteritis	O
in	O
calves	O
,	O
causing	O
significant	O
economic	O
damage	O
to	O
livestock	O
.	O

A	O
total	O
of	O
114	O
faecal	B-ANAT
samples	O
from	O
beef	O
and	O
dairy	O
calves	O
with	O
or	O
without	O
clinical	O
symptoms	O
of	O
diarrhoea	B-DISO
from	O
five	O
Brazilian	O
states	O
(	O
São	O
Paulo	O
,	O
Minas	O
Gerais	O
,	O
Santa	O
Catarina	O
,	O
Mato	O
Grosso	O
and	O
Bahia	B-SPEC
)	O
were	O
evaluated	O
between	O
2008	O
and	O
2015	O
by	O
technique	O
of	O
Semi	O
-	O
nested	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
for	O
gene	O
N	O
and	O
genealogical	O
analysis	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
recently	O
emerged	O
highly	O
virulent	O
variants	O
of	O
porcine	O
epidemic	O
diarrhea	O
virus	O
(	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
)	O
have	O
caused	O
colossal	O
economic	O
losses	O
to	O
the	O
worldwide	O
swine	B-SPEC
industry	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
and	O
Marburg	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
MARV	O
)	O
are	O
among	O
the	O
World	O
Health	O
Organization	O
'	O
s	O
top	O
8	O
emerging	O
pathogens	O
.	O

For	O
both	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
(	O
pseudovirus	O
)	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
MARV	O
(	O
GPs	B-DISO
),	O
4	O
LAP	B-DISO
devices	O
(	O
Mini	O
Hemopurifiers	O
,	O
Aethlon	O
Medical	O
,	O
San	O
Diego	O
,	O
CA	O
,	O
USA	O
)	O
and	O
4	O
negative	O
controls	O
were	O
tested	O
.	O

Considering	O
the	O
high	O
lethality	O
and	O
missing	O
established	O
treatment	O
options	O
,	O
LAP	B-DISO
should	O
be	O
evaluated	O
in	O
vivo	O
.	O

The	O
algorithm	O
was	O
proposed	O
for	O
respiratory	O
treatment	O
by	O
veno	O
-	O
venous	O
(	O
VV	O
)	O
Extracorporeal	O
Membrane	B-COMP
Oxygenation	B-PROC
(	O
ECMO	O
).	O

The	O
scenario	O
includes	O
all	O
critical	O
stages	O
:	O
hospital	O
identification	O
(	O
Regional	O
Department	O
of	O
Intensive	O
Care	O
)	O
-	O
inclusion	O
and	O
exclusion	O
criteria	O
matching	O
using	O
an	O
authorship	O
protocol	O
;	O
ECMO	O
team	O
transport	B-PROC
;	O
therapy	O
confirmation	O
;	O
veno	O
-	O
venous	B-ANAT
cannulation	O
of	O
mannequin	O
'	O
s	O
artificial	O
vessels	B-ANAT
and	O
implementation	O
of	O
perfusion	O
therapy	O
and	O
transport	B-PROC
with	O
ECMO	O
to	O
another	O
hospital	O
in	O
a	O
provincial	O
city	O
(	O
Clinical	O
Department	O
of	O
Intensive	O
Care	O
),	O
where	O
the	O
VV	O
ECMO	O
therapy	O
was	O
performed	O
in	O
the	O
next	O
48	O
h	O
,	O
as	O
training	O
platform	O
.	O

It	O
was	O
found	O
that	O
four	O
miRNAs	O
(	O
miR	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
1454	I-PRGE
,	O
miR	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
3538	I-PRGE
,	O
miR	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
146a	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
5p	I-PRGE
and	O
miR	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
215	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
5p	I-PRGE
)	O
were	O
related	O
to	O
the	O
infection	B-DISO
of	O
virulent	O
nephropathogenic	O
IBV	B-SPEC
with	O
transcript	O
per	O
million	O
(	O
TPM	B-CHED
)	O
>	O
500	O
and	O
more	O
than	O
a	O
2	O
-	O
fold	O
alteration	O
.	O

In	O
vitro	O
,	O
we	O
found	O
that	O
high	O
levels	O
of	O
miR	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
146a	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
5p	I-PRGE
could	O
enhance	O
the	O
replication	O
of	O
IBV	B-SPEC
at	O
the	O
early	O
stage	O
of	O
infection	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
its	O
down	O
regulated	O
level	O
could	O
slow	O
down	O
the	O
replication	O
of	O
IBV	B-SPEC
.	O

Finally	O
,	O
high	O
levels	O
of	O
exogenous	O
miR	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
146a	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
5p	I-PRGE
in	O
HD11	O
cells	B-COMP
led	O
to	O
down	B-PROC
regulation	I-PROC
of	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
1	I-FUNC
receptor	I-PRGE
associated	I-PRGE
kinase	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
(	O
IRAK2	O
)	O
and	O
Tumor	B-PRGE
necrosis	I-PRGE
factor	I-PRGE
receptor	I-PRGE
superfamily	B-SPEC
member	I-PRGE
18	I-PRGE
(	O
TNFRSF18	O
)	O
genes	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
There	O
are	O
limited	O
data	O
on	O
the	O
epidemiology	O
of	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
necessitating	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	B-DISO
chronic	I-DISO
obstructive	I-DISO
pulmonary	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
(	O
COPD	B-DISO
).	O

A	O
retrospective	O
study	O
of	O
patients	O
admitted	O
to	O
a	O
quaternary	O
referral	O
medical	O
intensive	O
care	O
unit	O
(	O
ICU	O
)	O
between	O
January	O
2008	O
and	O
December	O
2012	O
with	O
a	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
severe	O
COPD	B-DISO
and	O
requiring	O
invasive	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
for	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
.	O

The	O
ICU	O
mortality	O
(	O
9	O
%	O
vs	O
27	O
%;	O
P	O
<	O
.	O
001	O
),	O
and	O
the	O
hospital	O
mortality	O
(	O
17	O
%	O
vs	O
32	O
%;	O
P	O
=	O
.	O
004	O
)	O
for	O
mechanically	O
ventilated	O
patients	O
with	O
an	O
acute	O
exacerbation	O
of	O
severe	O
COPD	B-DISO
were	O
lower	O
than	O
those	O
with	O
other	O
etiologies	O
of	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
.	O

Following	O
serial	O
dilutions	O
of	O
AF	O
,	O
detection	O
limits	O
of	O
the	O
partial	O
assay	O
were	O
higher	O
than	O
those	O
of	O
the	O
full	O
S1	B-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
is	O
associated	O
with	O
a	O
severe	O
pro	B-CHED
-	O
inflammatory	B-DISO
response	I-DISO
;	O
although	O
decreased	O
plasma	B-ANAT
cholesterol	B-CHED
concentration	O
has	O
been	O
linked	O
to	O
systemic	O
inflammation	B-DISO
,	O
any	O
association	O
of	O
phospholipid	B-CHED
metabolic	B-PATH
pathways	B-PROC
with	O
ARDS	B-DISO
has	O
not	O
been	O
characterized	O
.	O

A	O
high	O
level	O
of	O
vigilance	O
and	O
proper	O
disposition	O
will	O
enable	O
the	O
emergency	B-DISO
clinician	O
to	O
effectively	O
diagnose	O
,	O
manage	O
,	O
and	O
contain	O
these	O
diseases	O
.	O

PEDV	B-SPEC
NA	O
,	O
IgG	B-PRGE
and	O
IgA	B-PRGE
were	O
detected	O
in	O
the	O
serum	B-COMP
of	O
piglets	O
born	O
to	O
immunized	O
gilts	O
,	O
demonstrating	O
the	O
transfer	O
of	O
antibodies	B-COMP
through	O
colostrum	B-ANAT
and	O
milk	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Right	B-DISO
ventricular	I-DISO
dysfunction	I-DISO
during	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
and	O
veno	O
-	O
venous	B-ANAT
extracorporeal	O
membrane	O
oxygenation	B-PROC
.	O

Emergency	B-DISO
Health	O
Services	O
Life	O
Flight	B-PROC
,	O
the	O
primary	O
critical	O
care	O
transport	B-PROC
program	O
in	O
Eastern	O
Canada	O
,	O
developed	O
a	O
prone	O
position	O
protocol	O
to	O
meet	O
this	O
clinical	O
need	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Temporal	O
relationship	O
between	O
antibiotic	B-CHED
use	O
and	O
respiratory	O
virus	B-SPEC
activities	O
in	O
the	O
Republic	O
of	O
Korea	O
:	O
a	O
time	O
-	O
series	O
analysis	O
.	O

The	O
monthly	O
detection	O
rates	O
of	O
respiratory	O
viruses	B-SPEC
,	O
including	O
adenovirus	B-DISO
,	O
respiratory	B-SPEC
syncytial	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
,	O
influenza	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
,	O
human	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
,	O
and	O
human	B-SPEC
rhinovirus	I-SPEC
,	O
were	O
collected	O
from	O
Korea	O
Centers	O
for	O
Disease	O
Control	O
and	O
Prevention	O
.	O

Cross	O
-	O
correlation	O
analysis	O
was	O
conducted	O
to	O
quantify	O
the	O
temporal	O
relationship	O
between	O
antibiotic	O
use	O
and	O
respiratory	O
virus	B-SPEC
activities	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
respiratory	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
in	O
primary	O
clinics	O
.	O

We	O
described	O
the	O
incidence	O
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
within	O
1	O
week	O
following	O
the	O
detection	O
of	O
HMP	B-PRGE
or	O
RSV	B-SPEC
using	O
recently	O
developed	O
Pediatric	O
ARDS	B-DISO
(	O
PARDS	O
)	O
criteria	O
.	O

Children	O
with	O
either	O
virus	B-SPEC
and	O
a	O
neurologic	O
comorbidity	O
or	O
an	O
increased	O
PIM	B-CHED
3	O
probability	O
of	O
mortality	O
were	O
at	O
increased	O
risk	O
for	O
PARDS	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Heterologous	O
prime	O
-	O
boost	O
vaccination	O
with	O
adenoviral	B-SPEC
vector	O
and	O
protein	B-CHED
nanoparticles	B-CHED
induces	O
both	O
Th1	O
and	O
Th2	O
responses	O
against	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
is	O
a	O
highly	O
pathogenic	O
and	O
zoonotic	O
virus	B-SPEC
with	O
a	O
fatality	O
rate	O
in	O
humans	B-SPEC
of	O
over	O
35	O
%.	O

Our	O
results	O
demonstrate	O
that	O
heterologous	O
immunization	O
by	O
priming	O
with	O
Ad5	B-DISO
/	O
MERS	O
and	O
boosting	O
with	O
spike	O
protein	B-CHED
nanoparticles	B-CHED
could	O
be	O
an	O
efficient	O
prophylactic	O
strategy	O
against	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Early	O
events	O
during	O
human	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
OC43	O
entry	O
to	O
the	O
cell	B-COMP
.	O

The	O
aim	O
of	O
this	O
study	O
was	O
to	O
determine	O
how	O
human	B-PRGE
coronavirus	I-PRGE
OC43	I-PRGE
enters	O
the	O
susceptible	O
cell	B-COMP
.	O

With	O
our	O
research	O
we	O
strove	O
to	O
broaden	O
the	O
understanding	O
of	O
the	O
infection	B-DISO
process	O
,	O
which	O
in	O
future	O
may	O
be	O
beneficial	O
for	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
a	O
potential	O
therapeutics	O
.	O

HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
NL63	I-SPEC
was	O
detected	O
in	O
1	O
.	O
3	O
%	O
(	O
75	O
/	O
5573	O
)	O
of	O
child	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
admissions	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Sevoflurane	B-CHED
improves	O
respiratory	B-PROC
mechanics	I-PROC
and	O
gas	B-ENZY
exchange	O
in	O
a	O
case	O
series	O
of	O
infants	O
with	O
severe	O
bronchiolitis	O
-	O
induced	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

More	O
than	O
one	O
virus	B-SPEC
positivity	O
occurred	O
in	O
13	O
FN	O
episodes	O
.	O

Whole	O
-	O
brain	B-ANAT
analysis	O
of	O
DTI	O
metrics	O
between	O
groups	O
was	O
conducted	O
by	O
employing	O
tract	O
-	O
based	O
spatial	O
statistics	O
(	O
TBSS	O
),	O
including	O
fractional	O
anisotropy	O
(	O
FA	O
),	O
mean	O
diffusivity	O
(	O
MD	O
),	O
axial	O
diffusivity	O
(	O
AD	O
)	O
and	O
radial	O
diffusivity	O
(	O
RD	O
).	O

DTI	O
-	O
TBSS	O
is	O
helpful	O
to	O
explore	O
the	O
WM	O
microstructure	O
abnormalities	O
and	O
provide	O
a	O
new	O
perspective	O
for	O
the	O
investigation	O
of	O
the	O
pathomechanism	O
of	O
HIV	B-DISO
-	O
associated	O
WM	O
injury	O
.	O

The	O
impairments	O
in	O
the	O
corona	B-ANAT
radiata	I-ANAT
had	O
significant	O
correlations	O
with	O
the	O
current	O
CD4	B-PRGE

TITLE	O
:	O
Differential	O
innate	B-DISO
immune	I-DISO
responses	I-DISO
induced	O
by	O
classical	O
and	O
variant	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
viruses	B-SPEC
in	O
specific	O
pathogen	O
free	O
chicks	O
.	O

Upper	O
and	O
lower	O
respiratory	B-ANAT
samples	I-ANAT
were	O
obtained	O
from	O
17	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
-	O
infected	O
patients	O
.	O

MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
sub	O
-	O
genomic	O
mRNA	B-CHED
was	O
detected	O
by	O
reverse	B-PROC
transcription	I-PROC
PCR	O
(	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
)	O
and	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
genomic	O
RNA	O
by	O
real	O
-	O
time	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
.	O

In	O
oropharyngeal	B-ANAT
and	O
nasopharyngeal	B-ANAT
swab	I-ANAT
specimens	O
,	O
the	O
detection	O
of	O
sub	O
-	O
genomic	O
mRNA	B-CHED
and	O
genomic	O
RNA	O
did	O
not	O
correlate	O
.	O

Although	O
not	O
all	O
cases	O
manifest	O
with	O
typical	O
patterns	O
,	O
most	O
typical	O
imaging	O
patterns	O
of	O
viral	B-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
can	O
be	O
classified	O
according	O
to	O
viral	O
families	O
.	O

Although	O
a	O
definite	O
diagnosis	O
cannot	O
be	O
achieved	O
on	O
the	O
basis	O
of	O
imaging	O
features	O
alone	O
,	O
recognition	O
of	O
viral	B-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
patterns	O
may	O
aid	O
in	O
differentiating	O
viral	O
pathogens	O
,	O
thus	O
reducing	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
antibiotics	B-CHED
.	O

Previously	O
,	O
we	O
developed	O
a	O
reverse	B-PROC
transcription	I-PROC
-	O
loop	O
-	O
mediated	O
isothermal	O
amplification	B-DISO
(	O
RT	O
-	O
LAMP	O
)	O
assay	O
for	O
the	O
detection	O
of	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
[	O
Virol	O
J	O
.	O
2014	O
.	O

With	O
very	O
intensive	O
care	O
for	O
oxygenation	B-PROC
,	O
respiration	B-PROC
and	O
consciousness	O
,	O
and	O
monitoring	O
,	O
she	O
was	O
successfully	O
cured	O
by	O
comprehensive	O
managements	O
,	O
among	O
which	O
noninvasive	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
(	O
NIV	O
)	O
was	O
the	O
major	O
respiratory	O
support	O
method	O
.	O

We	O
hypothesized	O
that	O
a	O
panel	O
of	O
plasma	B-ANAT
biomarkers	O
could	O
be	O
used	O
to	O
diagnose	O
ARDS	B-DISO
in	O
severe	O
trauma	O
.	O

To	O
test	O
this	O
hypothesis	O
,	O
we	O
derived	O
and	O
validated	O
a	O
biomarker	B-CHED
panel	O
in	O
three	O
independent	O
cohorts	O
and	O
compared	O
the	O
diagnostic	O
performance	O
to	O
clinician	O
recognition	O
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

Eleven	O
plasma	B-ANAT
biomarkers	O
of	O
inflammation	B-DISO
,	I-DISO
lung	I-DISO
epithelial	O
and	O
endothelial	B-ANAT
injury	O
were	O
measured	O
in	O
a	O
derivation	O
cohort	O
of	O
439	O
severe	O
trauma	O
patients	O
.	O

A	O
two	O
-	O
biomarker	B-CHED
panel	O
consisting	O
of	O
Ang	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
and	O
RAGE	O
performed	O
well	O
across	O
multiple	O
patient	O
cohorts	O
and	O
outperformed	O
clinical	O
providers	O
for	O
diagnosing	O
ARDS	B-DISO
in	O
severe	O
trauma	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Securitizing	O
HIV	B-DISO
/	I-DISO
AIDS	I-DISO
:	O
a	O
game	O
changer	O
in	O
state	O
-	O
societal	O
relations	O
in	O
China	O
?	O

Face	B-DISO
-	O
to	O
-	O
face	B-DISO
interviews	O
for	O
this	O
research	O
were	O
conducted	O
between	O
January	O
and	O
May	O
in	O
2011	O
,	O
and	O
between	O
December	O
2016	O
and	O
January	O
2017	O
,	O
in	O
China	O
.	O

An	O
internal	O
and	O
external	O
factor	O
was	O
identified	O
to	O
verify	O
the	O
argument	O
,	O
namely	O
(	O
1	O
)	O
the	O
reduction	O
of	O
international	O
financial	O
commitments	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
(	O
2	O
)	O
the	O
fragmentation	B-DISO
of	O
HIV	B-DISO
/	I-DISO
AIDS	I-DISO
-	O
focused	O
NGO	O
community	O
in	O
China	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Pneumoperitoneum	O
in	O
preterm	O
infants	O
is	O
a	O
surgical	O
emergency	B-DISO
as	O
it	O
is	O
usually	O
indicative	O
of	O
intestinal	B-DISO
perforation	I-DISO
.	O

Rare	O
cases	O
of	O
idiopathic	O
pneumoperitoneum	B-DISO
have	O
been	O
described	O
in	O
the	O
literature	O
,	O
the	O
underlying	O
causes	O
and	O
pathophysiology	O
of	O
which	O
remain	O
uncertain	O
.	O

Despite	O
the	O
insertion	O
of	O
two	O
surgical	O
drains	O
and	O
two	O
exploratory	O
laparotomies	O
in	O
which	O
no	O
obvious	O
intestinal	B-DISO
perforation	I-DISO
was	O
noted	O
,	O
the	O
free	O
air	B-CHED
in	O
the	O
abdomen	B-ANAT
reaccumulated	O
.	O

She	O
was	O
successfully	O
extubated	O
on	O
the	O
fourth	O
week	O
of	O
life	O
and	O
the	O
pneumoperitoneum	B-DISO
resolved	O
spontaneously	O
.	O

Here	O
,	O
we	O
demonstrated	O
that	O
infection	B-DISO
with	O
the	O
alphacoronavirus	B-SPEC
transmissible	O
gastroenteritis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
)	O
induced	O
ER	O
stress	O
and	O
triggered	O
the	O
unfolded	O
protein	B-CHED
response	O
(	O
UPR	O
)	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Porcine	B-SPEC
deltacoronavirus	O
(	O
PDCoV	O
)	O
has	O
recently	O
emerged	O
as	O
an	O
enteric	O
pathogen	O
that	O
can	O
cause	O
serious	O
vomiting	B-DISO
and	O
diarrhea	B-DISO
in	O
suckling	O
piglets	O
.	O

Taken	O
together	O
,	O
our	O
results	O
demonstrate	O
that	O
ectopic	B-PROC
expression	I-PROC
of	O
NS6	B-DISO
antagonizes	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
β	I-PRGE
production	O
by	O
interfering	O
with	O
the	O
binding	B-FUNC
of	O
RIG	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
I	I-PRGE
/	O
MDA5	B-PRGE
to	O
double	O
-	O
stranded	O
RNA	O
,	O
revealing	O
a	O
new	O
strategy	O
employed	O
by	O
PDCoV	O
accessory	O
proteins	B-CHED
to	O
counteract	O
the	O
host	B-COMP
innate	O
antiviral	B-CHED
immune	B-PROC
response	I-PROC
.	O

Complete	O
genome	O
sequencing	O
showed	O
that	O
FalCoV	O
UAE	O
-	O
HKU27	O
,	O
HouCoV	O
UAE	O
-	O
HKU28	O
,	O
and	O
PiCoV	O
UAE	O
-	O
HKU29	O
belong	O
to	O
the	O
same	O
CoV	O
species	B-SPEC
,	O
suggesting	O
recent	O
interspecies	O
transmission	O
between	O
falcons	B-SPEC
and	O
their	O
prey	O
,	O
houbara	O
bustards	O
and	O
pigeons	B-SPEC
,	O
possibly	O
along	O
the	O
food	O
chain	O
.	O

In	O
the	O
present	O
study	O
,	O
FCoVs	O
were	O
analyzed	O
for	O
the	O
frequency	O
and	O
location	O
of	O
mutations	O
in	O
the	O
S	O
and	O
3c	O
genes	O
from	O
faecal	B-ANAT
samples	O
of	O
cats	B-SPEC
in	O
an	O
animal	B-SPEC
shelter	O
and	O
the	O
faeces	B-ANAT
,	O
effusions	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
tissues	B-ANAT
of	O
cats	B-SPEC
that	O
were	O
referred	O
to	O
veterinary	O
hospitals	O
.	O

The	O
GPHIN	O
identified	O
the	O
early	O
SARS	B-DISO
outbreak	O
in	O
China	O
,	O
was	O
credited	O
with	O
the	O
first	O
alert	O
on	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
and	O
has	O
played	O
a	O
significant	O
role	O
in	O
the	O
monitoring	O
of	O
the	O
Ebola	O
outbreak	O
in	O
West	O
Africa	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Emerging	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
(	O
EIDs	B-DISO
),	O
including	O
West	B-DISO
Nile	I-DISO
virus	I-DISO
,	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
and	O
Lyme	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
,	O
have	O
had	O
a	O
direct	O
effect	O
within	O
Canada	O
,	O
while	O
many	O
more	O
EIDs	B-DISO
such	O
as	O
Zika	O
,	O
chikungunya	B-DISO
and	O
Ebola	O
are	O
a	O
threat	O
to	O
Canadians	O
while	O
travelling	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Genomic	O
and	O
antigenic	O
characterization	O
of	O
porcine	B-SPEC
epidemic	I-SPEC
diarrhoea	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
strains	O
isolated	O
from	O
South	O
Korea	O
,	O
2017	O
.	O

The	O
median	O
cost	O
per	O
mild	O
influenza	B-DISO
-	O
associated	O
ARI	B-CHED
episode	O
was	O
$	O
22	O
among	O
healthy	O
and	O
$	O
25	O
among	O
high	O
-	O
risk	O
children	O
(	O
3	O
-	O
4	O
%	O
of	O
monthly	O
household	O
income	O
;	O
difference	O
in	O
medians	O
:	O
-$	O
1	O
;	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
for	O
difference	O
in	O
medians	O
:	O
-$	O
9	O
to	O
$	O
6	O
).	O

Compared	O
to	O
high	O
-	O
risk	O
children	O
,	O
healthy	O
children	O
had	O
higher	O
incidence	O
of	O
mild	O
influenza	B-DISO
-	O
associated	O
ARI	B-PRGE
but	O
not	O
severe	O
influenza	B-DISO
-	O
associated	O
ARI	B-PRGE
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
A	O
novel	O
role	O
for	O
CD26	B-PRGE
/	I-PRGE
dipeptidyl	I-PRGE
peptidase	I-PRGE
IV	O
as	O
a	O
therapeutic	O
target	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Pancreatitis	B-DISO
and	O
Systemic	O
Coronavirus	B-DISO
Infection	I-DISO
in	O
a	O
Ferret	B-SPEC
(	O
ABSTRACT	O
:	O
A	O
1	O
-	O
y	O
-	O
old	O
spayed	O
female	O
ferret	O
(	O
Mustela	B-SPEC
putorius	I-SPEC
furo	I-SPEC
)	O
was	O
referred	O
for	O
additional	O
diagnostic	O
evaluation	O
after	O
physical	O
examination	O
by	O
the	O
referring	O
veterinarian	O
revealed	O
a	O
cranial	B-ANAT
abdominal	B-ANAT
mass	O
.	O

Abdominal	B-ANAT
ultrasonography	O
confirmed	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
a	O
soft	O
-	O
tissue	B-ANAT
structure	O
,	O
with	O
a	O
moderate	O
blood	B-PROC
supply	I-PROC
and	O
mesenteric	B-DISO
lymphadenopathy	I-DISO
.	O

Positive	O
immunohistochemistry	O
for	O
feline	B-SPEC
coronavirus	B-SPEC
confirmed	O
a	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
ferret	B-SPEC
systemic	I-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
disease	O
(	O
FSCD	O
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
The	O
nucleoside	B-CHED
analog	O
GS	O
-	O
441524	O
strongly	O
inhibits	O
feline	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
peritonitis	I-DISO
(	O
FIP	B-DISO
)	O
virus	B-SPEC
in	O
tissue	O
culture	O
and	O
experimental	O
cat	B-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
studies	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
primary	O
objective	O
of	O
this	O
randomized	O
controlled	O
trial	O
was	O
to	O
determine	O
whether	O
anti	O
-	O
IL	O
-	O
10	O
egg	B-ANAT
yolk	B-COMP
antibodies	B-COMP
fed	O
upon	O
arrival	O
to	O
a	O
calf	B-ANAT
ranch	O
would	O
lower	O
the	O
prevalence	O
of	O
Cryptosporidium	B-SPEC
parvum	I-SPEC
shedding	O
in	O
naturally	O
challenged	O
preweaned	O
dairy	O
calves	O
.	O

Packed	O
cell	B-COMP
volume	O
and	O
serum	O
total	O
protein	B-CHED
concentration	O
were	O
measured	O
at	O
enrollment	O
and	O
on	O
d	O
7	O
and	O
14	O
.	O

Fecal	B-ANAT
pathogen	O
shedding	O
at	O
d	O
14	O
,	O
respiratory	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
at	O
d	O
56	O
,	O
and	O
antibiotic	B-CHED
usage	O
were	O
compared	O
using	O
relative	O
risk	O
(	O
RR	O
)	O
and	O
chi	B-CHED
-	O
squared	O
test	O
.	O

After	O
multivariable	O
analyses	O
,	O
hipometer	O
weights	O
(	O
least	O
squares	O
means	O
±	O
standard	O
error	O
)	O
were	O
1	O
.	O
7	O
±	O
0	O
.	O
8	O
kg	O
greater	O
on	O
d	O
56	O
in	O
MAB	O
compared	O
with	O
MEP	B-CHED
;	O
however	O
,	O
ADG	O
was	O
0	O
.	O
04	O
±	O
0	O
.	O
02	O
kg	O
/	O
d	O
lower	O
in	O
MAB	O
calves	O
.	O

The	O
mouse	O
macrophage	O
cell	B-ANAT
line	I-ANAT
(	O
J774	O
A	O
.	O
1	O
)	O
was	O
incubated	O
with	O
LPS	B-DISO
and	O
ATP	B-CHED
,	O
with	O
or	O
without	O
PFD	B-DISO
pre	O
-	O
treatment	O
.	O

In	O
vitro	O
,	O
the	O
experiments	O
revealed	O
that	O
PFD	B-DISO
significantly	O
suppressed	O
LPS	B-DISO
/	O
ATP	B-CHED
-	O
induced	O
production	O
of	O
reactive	B-CHED
oxygen	I-CHED
species	I-CHED
(	O
ROS	B-CHED
)	O
and	O
decreased	O
caspase	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
activation	O
and	O
the	O
level	O
of	O
IL	O
-	O
1β	O
in	O
J774	O
A	O
.	O
1	O
cells	B-COMP
.	O

These	O
findings	O
indicated	O
that	O
PFD	B-DISO
can	O
down	O
-	O
regulate	O
NLRP3	B-PROC
inflammasome	I-PROC
activation	I-PROC
and	O
that	O
it	O
may	O
offer	O
a	O
promising	O
therapeutic	O
approach	O
for	O
ARDS	B-DISO
patients	O
.	O

Nevertheless	O
,	O
co	O
-	O
occurring	O
post	O
-	O
intensive	O
care	O
syndrome	B-DISO
problems	O
(	O
i	O
.	O
e	O
.,	O
in	O
two	O
or	O
more	O
domains	O
)	O
were	O
present	O
in	O
25	O
%	O
at	O
3	O
months	O
and	O
21	O
%	O
at	O
12	O
months	O
.	O

In	O
this	O
multicenter	O
cohort	O
study	O
,	O
one	O
or	O
more	O
post	O
-	O
intensive	O
care	O
syndrome	B-DISO
problems	O
were	O
present	O
in	O
the	O
majority	O
of	O
survivors	O
,	O
but	O
co	O
-	O
occurring	O
problems	O
were	O
present	O
in	O
only	O
one	O
out	O
of	O
four	O
.	O

Echocardiography	O
plays	O
a	O
key	O
role	O
throughout	O
the	O
ECLS	O
care	O
,	O
including	O
patient	O
selection	O
,	O
adequate	O
placement	O
of	O
cannulas	O
,	O
monitoring	O
,	O
weaning	B-PROC
and	O
follow	O
-	O
up	O
after	O
decannulation	O
.	O

In	O
the	O
current	O
editorial	O
,	O
we	O
discuss	O
the	O
mechanisms	O
of	O
action	O
of	O
acetylcholine	B-PRGE
receptor	I-PRGE
antagonists	B-CHED
beyond	O
neuromuscular	B-DISO
blockade	I-DISO
.	O

Additionally	O
,	O
proteins	B-CHED
3a	O
and	O
E	O
have	O
a	O
PDZ	O
-	O
binding	B-FUNC
motif	O
(	O
PBM	O
),	O
which	O
can	O
potentially	O
bind	B-FUNC
over	O
400	O
cellular	B-COMP
proteins	B-CHED
which	O
contain	O
a	O
PDZ	B-PRGE
domain	I-PRGE
,	O
making	O
them	O
potentially	O
important	O
for	O
the	O
control	O
of	O
cell	B-PROC
function	I-PROC
.	O

In	O
the	O
present	O
work	O
,	O
a	O
comparative	O
study	O
of	O
the	O
functional	O
motifs	O
included	O
within	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
viroporins	O
was	O
performed	O
,	O
mostly	O
focusing	O
on	O
the	O
roles	O
of	O
the	O
IC	O
and	O
PBM	O
of	O
E	O
and	O
3a	O
proteins	B-CHED
.	O

A	O
virus	O
missing	O
both	O
the	O
E	O
and	O
3a	O
proteins	B-CHED
was	O
not	O
viable	O
,	O
whereas	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
either	O
protein	B-CHED
with	O
a	O
functional	O
PBM	O
restored	O
virus	B-SPEC
viability	O
.	O

Therefore	O
,	O
dominance	O
of	O
the	O
IC	O
and	O
PBM	O
of	O
protein	B-CHED
E	O
over	O
those	O
of	O
protein	B-CHED
3a	O
was	O
demonstrated	O
in	O
the	O
induction	O
of	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
in	O
mice	B-SPEC
.	O

The	O
cyclopropylquinoline	O
derivative	O
IV	O
displayed	O
high	O
potency	O
towards	O
Rift	B-SPEC
Valley	I-SPEC
fever	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
RVFV	B-SPEC
)	O
and	O
Tacaribe	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
TCRV	O
)	O
towards	O
Rift	B-SPEC
Valley	I-SPEC
fever	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
RVFV	B-SPEC
).	O

The	O
cyclopropylquinoline	O
derivative	O
IV	O
is	O
nearly	O
28	O
times	O
more	O
potent	O
in	O
our	O
initial	O
in	O
vitro	O
visual	O
assay	O
(	O
EC50	O
:	O
0	O
.	O
39	O
µg	O
/	O
ml	O
)	O
and	O
nearly	O
17	O
times	O
more	O
potent	O
in	O
neutral	O
red	O
assay	O
(	O
EC50	O
:	O
0	O
.	O
71	O
μg	O
/	O
ml	O
)	O
compared	O
to	O
the	O
standard	O
drug	O
Ribavirin	B-CHED
(	O
EC50	O
:	O
11	O
µg	O
/	O
ml	O
;	O
visual	O
assay	O
and	O
EC50	O
:	O
12	O
µg	O
/	O
ml	O
;	O
neutral	O
red	O
assay	O
).	O

It	O
is	O
nearly	O
12	O
times	O
more	O
potent	O
in	O
our	O
initial	O
in	O
vitro	O
visual	O
assay	O
(	O
EC50	O
:	O
>	O
1	O
µg	O
/	O
ml	O
)	O
and	O
nearly	O
8	O
times	O
more	O
potent	O
in	O
neutral	O
red	O
assay	O
(	O
EC50	O
:	O
>	O
1	O
.	O
3	O
µg	O
/	O
ml	O
)	O
compared	O
to	O
the	O
standard	O
drug	O
Ribavirin	B-CHED
(	O
EC50	O
:	O
12	O
µg	O
/	O
ml	O
;	O
visual	O
assay	O
and	O
EC50	O
:	O
9	O
.	O
9	O
µg	O
/	O
ml	O
;	O
neutral	O
red	O
assay	O
)	O
towards	O
Tacaribe	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
TCRV	O
).	O

METHODS	O
:	O
A	O
focused	O
set	O
of	O
thienyl	B-CHED
chalcone	B-CHED
derivaties	O
II	O
-	O
VI	O
was	O
screened	O
for	O
selected	O
viruses	B-SPEC
Hepatitis	B-SPEC
B	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
HBV	B-DISO
),	O
Herpes	B-SPEC
simplex	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
1	I-SPEC
(	O
HSV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
1	I-SPEC
),	O
Human	B-PRGE
cytomegalovirus	I-PRGE
(	O
HCMV	O
),	O
Dengue	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
2	O
(	O
DENV2	O
),	O
Influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
(	O
H1N1	O
)	O
virus	B-SPEC
,	O
MERS	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
,	O
Poliovirus	B-SPEC
1	O
(	O
PV	O
1	O
),	O
Rift	B-DISO
Valley	I-DISO
fever	I-DISO
(	O
RVF	B-DISO
),	O
Tacaribe	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
TCRV	O
),	O
Venezuelan	B-SPEC
equine	I-SPEC
encephalitis	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
VEE	O
)	O
and	O
Zika	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
ZIKV	O
)	O
using	O
the	O
National	O
Institute	O
of	O
Allergy	B-DISO
and	O
Infectious	B-DISO
Diseases	I-DISO
(	O
NIAID	O
)'	O
s	O
Division	O
of	O
Microbiology	O
and	O
Infectious	B-DISO
Diseases	I-DISO
(	O
DMID	O
)	O
antiviral	B-CHED
screening	O
program	O
.	O

Additionally	O
,	O
cyclopropylquinoline	O
derivative	O
IV	O
has	O
shown	O
strong	O
growth	B-PROC
inhibitory	O
activity	O
towards	O
three	O
major	O
cancers	B-DISO
(	O
colon	B-ANAT
,	O
breast	B-ANAT
,	O
and	O
leukemia	B-DISO
)	O
cell	B-ANAT
lines	I-ANAT
and	O
moderate	O
growth	B-PROC
inhibition	B-PROC
shown	O
towards	O
other	O
cancer	B-ANAT
cell	B-COMP
lines	O
screened	O
.	O

The	O
assembly	O
of	O
the	O
viral	B-COMP
genome	I-COMP
into	O
virus	B-COMP
particles	I-COMP
involves	O
viral	O
structural	O
proteins	B-CHED
and	O
is	O
believed	O
to	O
be	O
mediated	O
through	O
recognition	O
of	O
specific	O
sequences	O
and	O
RNA	O
structures	O
of	O
the	O
viral	B-COMP
genome	I-COMP
.	O

Using	O
the	O
VLP	B-COMP
system	O
,	O
a	O
258	O
-	O
nucleotide	B-CHED
RNA	O
fragment	O
,	O
which	O
spans	O
nucleotides	B-CHED
19	O
,	O
712	O
to	O
19	O
,	O
969	O
of	O
the	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
genome	O
(	O
designated	O
PS258	O
(	O
19712	O
-	O
19969	O
)	O
A	O
MERS	O
-	O
oV	O
RNA	O
packaging	O
signal	O
was	O
identified	O
by	O
the	O
detection	O
of	O
GFP	O
expression	B-PROC
following	O
an	O
incubation	O
of	O
MERS	O
VLPs	B-ANAT
carrying	O
the	O
heterologous	O
mRNA	O
GFP	O
-	O
PS258	O
(	O
19712	O
-	O
19969	O
)	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Saracatinib	O
Inhibits	O
Middle	O
East	O
Respiratory	O
Syndrome	B-DISO
-	O
Coronavirus	B-SPEC
Replication	O
In	O
Vitro	O
.	O

Since	O
its	O
emergence	O
,	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
continues	O
to	O
spread	O
to	O
countries	O
outside	O
of	O
the	O
Arabian	O
Peninsula	O
and	O
gives	O
rise	O
to	O
sporadic	O
human	B-SPEC
infections	B-DISO
following	O
the	O
entry	O
of	O
infected	O
individuals	O
to	O
other	O
countries	O
,	O
which	O
can	O
precipitate	O
outbreaks	O
similar	O
to	O
the	O
one	O
that	O
occurred	O
in	O
South	O
Korea	O
in	O
2015	O
.	O

Current	O
therapeutics	O
against	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
infection	B-DISO
have	O
primarily	O
been	O
adapted	O
from	O
previous	O
drugs	O
used	O
for	O
the	O
treatment	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Complete	O
Genome	O
Sequences	O
of	O
Four	O
Novel	O
Human	B-PRGE
Coronavirus	I-PRGE
OC43	I-PRGE
Isolates	O
Associated	O
with	O
Severe	O
Acute	O
Respiratory	O
Infection	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
data	O
characterizing	O
spontaneous	O
infections	O
of	O
Old	B-SPEC
World	I-SPEC
monkeys	I-SPEC
:	O
measles	B-PATH
,	O
poliomyelitis	B-DISO
,	O
hepatitis	B-DISO
A	I-DISO
(	O
HPA	B-CHED
),	O
encephalomyocarditis	O
,	O
coronavirus	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
,	O
simian	B-DISO
hemorrhagic	I-DISO
fever	I-DISO
(	O
SHF	O
),	O
are	O
presented	O
.	O

On	O
these	O
models	O
,	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
and	O
epidemiology	O
of	O
these	O
diseases	O
were	O
studied	O
.	O

Several	O
important	O
pathogenic	O
mechanisms	O
common	O
for	O
various	O
hemorrhagic	B-DISO
fevers	I-DISO
were	O
studied	O
on	O
experimental	O
SHF	O
of	O
macaques	B-SPEC
.	O

Among	O
6218	O
patients	O
with	O
nonmissing	O
outcome	O
status	O
in	O
the	O
combined	O
cohort	O
,	O
643	O
(	O
10	O
%)	O
died	B-PROC
.	O

These	O
self	O
-	O
binding	B-FUNC
sequences	O
represent	O
opportunities	O
for	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
biochemical	O
tools	O
and	O
/	O
or	O
therapeutics	O
.	O

The	O
Cluster	O
I	O
consensus	O
octapeptide	O
sequence	O
GINITNFR	O
was	O
predicted	O
by	O
the	O
Eisenberg	O
'	O
s	O
3D	O
profile	O
method	O
to	O
have	O
high	O
amyloid	O
-	O
like	O
fibrillation	B-DISO
potential	O
through	O
steric	O
β	O
-	O
zipper	O
formation	B-PROC
.	O

Meanwhile	O
,	O
the	O
coiled	O
-	O
coil	O
-	O
forming	O
Leu	B-CHED
/	O
Ile	B-CHED
heptad	O
repeat	O
sequences	O
within	O
the	O
S	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
were	O
under	O
-	O
represented	O
during	O
peptide	B-CHED
array	O
scanning	O
,	O
in	O
agreement	O
with	O
that	O
long	O
peptide	B-CHED
lengths	O
were	O
required	O
to	O
attain	O
high	O
helix	O
-	O
mediated	O
interaction	O
avidity	O
.	O

A	O
Kraken	O
algorithm	O
-	O
based	O
bioinformatics	O
analysis	O
revealed	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
up	O
to	O
9	O
different	O
RNA	O
genera	O
besides	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
(	O
Alphacoronavirus	B-SPEC
genus	B-SPEC
),	O
including	O
Mamastrovirus	B-SPEC
(	O
52	O
%,	O
113	O
/	O
217	O
),	O
Enterovirus	B-SPEC
(	O
39	O
%,	O
85	O
/	O
217	O
),	O
Sapelovirus	B-SPEC
(	O
31	O
%,	O
67	O
/	O
217	O
),	O
Posavirus	O
(	O
30	O
%,	O
66	O
/	O
217	O
),	O
Kobuvirus	B-SPEC
(	O
23	O
%,	O
49	O
/	O
217	O
),	O
Sapovirus	B-SPEC
(	O
13	O
%,	O
28	O
/	O
217	O
),	O
Teschovirus	B-SPEC
(	O
10	O
%,	O
22	O
/	O
217	O
),	O
Pasivirus	B-SPEC
(	O
9	O
%,	O
20	O
/	O
217	O
),	O
and	O
Deltacoronavirus	O
(	O
3	O
%,	O
6	O
/	O
217	O
).	O

These	O
findings	O
demonstrated	O
that	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
infected	O
diarrheic	O
pigs	B-SPEC
had	O
an	O
extensive	O
RNA	O
viral	O
flora	O
consisting	O
of	O
four	O
different	O
families	O
:	O
Astroviridae	B-SPEC
,	O
Picornaviridae	B-SPEC
,	O
Caliciviridae	B-SPEC
,	O
and	O
Coronaviridae	B-SPEC
.	O

Interestingly	O
,	O
some	O
recent	O
studies	O
have	O
indicated	O
that	O
pAPN	O
is	O
not	O
a	O
functional	O
receptor	O
for	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
.	O

Here	O
,	O
we	O
prepared	O
pAPN	O
ectodomain	O
and	O
the	O
truncated	O
variants	O
of	O
PEDV	B-PRGE
S	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
in	O
Drosophila	B-SPEC
S2	O
cells	B-COMP
.	O

We	O
then	O
assayed	O
the	O
purified	O
target	O
proteins	B-CHED
through	O
immunogenicity	O
tests	O
,	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
binding	B-FUNC
interference	O
assays	O
,	O
circular	O
dichroism	O
(	O
CD	O
)	O
measurements	O
,	O
pAPN	O
activity	O
assay	O
and	O
structural	O
determination	O
,	O
demonstrating	O
that	O
they	O
were	O
biologically	O
functional	O
.	O

We	O
investigated	O
its	O
interactions	O
with	O
3	O
chlorine	B-CHED
disinfectants	B-CHED
to	O
determine	O
if	O
the	O
additive	O
would	O
adversely	O
affect	O
the	O
disinfectants	B-CHED
'	O
antimicrobial	B-CHED
efficacy	O
or	O
skin	B-ANAT
safety	O
.	O

In	O
contrast	O
to	O
S2	O
trimer	O
,	O
S2	O
monomer	O
was	O
unstable	O
,	O
having	O
high	O
RMSDs	O
with	O
major	O
drifts	O
above	O
8	O
Å	O
.	O
Fluctuation	B-DISO
of	O
HR	O
residue	O
positions	O
revealed	O
major	O
changes	O
in	O
the	O
C	O
-	O
terminal	O
of	O
HR2	O
and	O
the	O
linker	O
coil	O
between	O
HR1	O
and	O
HR2	O
in	O
both	O
monomer	O
and	O
trimer	O
.	O

Analysis	O
of	O
HR1	O
-	O
HR2	O
inter	O
-	O
residue	O
contacts	O
and	O
interaction	O
energy	O
revealed	O
three	O
energy	O
scales	B-ANAT
along	O
HR	O
helices	B-SPEC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Development	B-PROC
of	O
pooled	O
testing	O
system	O
for	O
porcine	B-SPEC
epidemic	B-DISO
diarrhoea	I-DISO
using	O
real	O
-	O
time	O
fluorescent	O
reverse	O
-	O
transcription	O
loop	O
-	O
mediated	O
isothermal	O
amplification	B-DISO
assay	O
.	O

We	O
recommended	O
including	O
dromedary	B-SPEC
camels	B-SPEC
in	O
animal	B-SPEC
surveillance	O
and	O
control	O
of	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
in	O
Saudi	O
Arabia	O
which	O
could	O
help	O
reduce	O
their	O
sporadic	O
introductions	O
to	O
humans	B-SPEC
.	O

The	O
aim	O
of	O
this	O
study	O
was	O
to	O
investigate	O
canine	O
astrovirus	O
(	O
CaAstV	O
)	O
infection	B-DISO
in	O
southwest	O
China	O
.	O

Interestingly	O
,	O
putative	O
recombination	B-PROC
events	O
were	O
observed	O
among	O
four	O
of	O
the	O
five	O
complete	O
ORF2	O
sequences	O
cloned	O
in	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
and	O
three	O
of	O
the	O
five	O
complete	O
ORF2	O
sequences	O
formed	O
a	O
single	O
unique	O
group	O
,	O
suggesting	O
that	O
these	O
strains	O
could	O
be	O
a	O
novel	O
genotype	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Ultrapotent	O
Human	B-PRGE
Neutralizing	I-PRGE
Antibody	B-COMP
Repertoires	O
Against	O
Middle	O
East	O
Respiratory	O
Syndrome	B-DISO
Coronavirus	O
From	O
a	O
Recovered	O
Patient	O
.	O

We	O
describe	O
the	O
germline	O
diversity	O
and	O
neutralizing	O
activity	O
of	O
13	O
potent	O
human	B-SPEC
monoclonal	O
antibodies	B-COMP
(	O
mAbs	O
)	O
that	O
target	O
the	O
MERS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
spike	I-PRGE
(	I-PRGE
S	I-PRGE
)	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
.	O

Our	O
study	O
suggests	O
that	O
WHO	O
guidelines	O
produced	O
in	O
the	O
context	O
of	O
a	O
public	O
health	O
emergency	B-DISO
can	O
be	O
improved	O
upon	O
,	O
helping	O
to	O
assure	O
the	O
trustworthiness	O
and	O
utility	O
of	O
WHO	O
information	O
products	O
in	O
future	O
emergencies	B-DISO
.	O

We	O
have	O
performed	O
thoracoscopic	O
surgery	O
for	O
esophageal	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
at	O
our	O
department	O
since	O
1994	O
.	O

It	O
is	O
linked	O
to	O
common	O
cold	B-DISO
symptoms	I-DISO
in	O
healthy	O
adults	O
.	O

Younger	O
children	O
and	O
the	O
elderly	O
are	O
considered	O
vulnerable	O
to	O
developing	O
lower	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
tract	I-DISO
infections	I-DISO
(	O
LRTIs	O
).	O

In	O
particular	O
,	O
immunocompromised	O
patients	O
have	O
been	O
reported	O
with	O
severe	O
and	O
life	O
-	O
threatening	O
LRTIs	O
attributed	O
to	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
229E	I-SPEC
.	O

Since	O
the	O
first	O
case	O
of	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
was	O
reported	O
on	O
May	O
20	O
,	O
2015	O
in	O
South	O
Korea	O
,	O
186	O
people	O
,	O
including	O
health	O
care	O
workers	O
,	O
were	O
infected	O
,	O
and	O
36	O
died	B-PROC
.	O

This	O
study	O
showed	O
that	O
creating	O
a	O
supportive	O
and	O
safe	O
work	O
environment	O
is	O
essential	O
by	O
ensuring	O
adequate	O
nurse	O
staffing	O
,	O
supplying	O
best	O
-	O
quality	O
personal	O
protective	O
equipment	O
,	O
and	O
improving	O
communication	O
to	O
provide	O
the	O
quality	O
of	O
care	O
during	O
infection	B-DISO
outbreak	O
.	O

Genome	O
comparison	O
with	O
extant	O
global	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
strains	O
revealed	O
a	O
high	O
nucleotide	B-CHED
identity	O
with	O
recently	O
reported	O
European	O
and	O
American	O
S	O
-	O
INDEL	B-PROC
PEDVs	O
.	O

is	O
an	O
FDA	O
certified	O
multiplex	O
PCR	O
that	O
can	O
detect	O
17	O
viruses	B-SPEC
and	O
3	O
bacteria	B-SPEC
responsible	O
for	O
upper	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
tract	I-DISO
infections	I-DISO
,	O
thus	O
it	O
is	O
potentially	O
useful	O
to	O
the	O
assessment	O
of	O
the	O
age	O
-	O
related	O
prevalence	O
of	O
these	O
pathogens	O
.	O

Among	O
656	O
respiratory	B-ANAT
samples	I-ANAT
tested	O
,	O
362	O
(	O
55	O
%)	O
were	O
from	O
male	O
and	O
294	O
(	O
45	O
%)	O
from	O
female	O
patients	O
,	O
while	O
356	O
(	O
54	O
.	O
3	O
%)	O
were	O
positive	O
and	O
300	O
(	O
45	O
.	O
7	O
%)	O
negative	O
.	O

In	O
the	O
age	O
-	O
group	O
(≥	O
5	O
,	O
<	O
10	O
),	O
HRV	O
was	O
identified	O
in	O
25	O
/	O
80	O
samples	O
(	O
31	O
.	O
3	O
%),	O
Adv	O
in	O
18	O
(	O
22	O
.	O
5	O
%),	O
influenza	B-DISO
in	O
11	O
(	O
13	O
.	O
8	O
%),	O
and	O
Hmpv	B-SPEC
in	O
6	O
(	O
7	O
.	O
5	O
%).	O

Influenza	B-DISO
predominated	O
in	O
the	O
age	O
-	O
group	O
(≥	O
10	O
,	O
<	O
18	O
),	O
with	O
4	O
/	O
22	O
samples	O
(	O
18	O
.	O
2	O
%),	O
while	O
in	O
the	O
remaining	O
age	O
-	O
groups	O
(≥	O
18	O
),	O
HRV	O
was	O
the	O
commonest	O
isolated	O
pathogen	O
,	O
33	O
/	O
286	O
(	O
11	O
.	O
5	O
%),	O
followed	O
by	O
influenza	B-DISO
with	O
20	O
(	O
7	O
%)	O
(	O
influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
H1	O
-	O
2009	O
,	O
11	O
/	O
20	O
).	O
In	O
our	O
patient	O
series	O
,	O
HRV	O
seemed	O
to	O
prevail	O
in	O
most	O
age	O
-	O
groups	O
,	O
followed	O
by	O
Adv	O
,	O
although	O
Influenza	B-DISO
was	O
the	O
second	O
most	O
frequent	O
pathogen	O
isolated	O
in	O
the	O
age	O
-	O
groups	O
(≥	O
18	O
).	O

Multiple	O
studies	O
suggest	O
that	O
dromedary	B-SPEC
camels	B-SPEC
are	O
a	O
source	O
for	O
human	B-SPEC
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

To	O
date	O
,	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
-	O
related	O
illness	O
has	O
not	O
been	O
reported	O
and	O
the	O
burden	O
of	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
infection	B-DISO
in	O
the	O
Israeli	O
population	O
is	O
unknown	O
.	O

The	O
objective	O
of	O
this	O
study	O
was	O
to	O
determine	O
the	O
prevalence	O
of	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
seropositivity	O
in	O
dromedary	O
camels	B-SPEC
in	O
Israel	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Avian	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
bronchitis	I-DISO
(	O
IB	O
)	O
is	O
a	O
highly	O
contagious	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
,	O
and	O
hazardous	O
to	O
the	O
poultry	O
industry	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Efficacy	O
of	O
statin	B-CHED
therapy	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
/	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
:	O
a	O
systematic	O
review	O
and	O
meta	O
-	O
analysis	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Baseline	O
characteristics	O
indicated	O
that	O
APACHE	O
-	O
III	O
score	O
to	O
be	O
lower	O
in	O
statin	B-CHED
users	O
,	O
suggesting	O
some	O
beneficial	O
effects	O
.	O

Laboratory	O
-	O
confirmed	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
cases	O
may	O
be	O
asymptomatic	O
,	O
have	O
mild	O
disease	O
,	O
or	O
have	O
a	O
life	O
-	O
threatening	O
infection	B-DISO
with	O
a	O
high	O
case	O
fatality	O
rate	O
.	O

At	O
the	O
present	O
,	O
there	O
exists	O
no	O
specific	O
therapy	O
for	O
HEV	B-SPEC
.	O

These	O
data	O
further	O
characterize	O
the	O
complex	O
antiviral	B-CHED
activity	O
of	O
silvestrol	B-CHED
and	O
show	O
silvestrol	B-CHED
'	O
s	O
broad	O
spectrum	O
of	O
function	O
,	O
since	O
HEV	B-SPEC
is	O
a	O
virus	B-SPEC
without	O
complex	O
secondary	O
structures	O
in	O
its	O
genome	O
,	O
but	O
it	O
is	O
still	O
affected	O
.	O

Acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
/	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ALI	O
/	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
is	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
main	O
clinical	O
complications	O
of	O
severe	O
malaria	B-PATH
;	O
it	O
is	O
characterized	O
by	O
a	O
high	O
mortality	O
rate	O
and	O
can	O
even	O
occur	O
after	O
antimalarial	B-CHED
treatment	O
when	O
parasitemia	B-DISO
is	O
not	O
detected	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Plant	O
viral	O
nanoparticles	B-CHED
(	O
VNPs	O
)	O
are	O
currently	O
being	O
developed	O
as	O
novel	O
vessels	B-ANAT
for	O
delivery	O
of	O
diagnostic	O
and	O
therapeutic	O
cargos	O
to	O
sites	O
of	O
disease	O
.	O

Here	O
we	O
describe	O
a	O
few	O
general	O
methods	O
to	O
isolate	O
and	O
study	O
the	O
VNP	O
-	O
protein	B-CHED
corona	B-CHED
complexes	O
,	O
in	O
order	B-SPEC
to	O
evaluate	O
the	O
impact	O
of	O
protein	B-CHED
corona	B-CHED
on	O
molecular	B-PROC
recognition	I-PROC
of	O
VNPs	O
by	O
target	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
,	O
and	O
clearance	O
by	O
phagocytes	B-ANAT
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Rapid	O
detection	O
and	O
monitoring	O
of	O
human	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
infections	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Human	B-SPEC
coronaviruses	O
(	O
CoVs	O
)	O
are	O
increasingly	O
recognized	O
as	O
important	O
respiratory	O
pathogens	O
associated	O
with	O
a	O
broad	O
range	O
of	O
clinical	O
diseases	O
.	O

We	O
report	O
that	O
Unc51	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
like	I-PRGE
kinase	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
(	O
Ulk1	B-PRGE
/	O
Unc51	B-PRGE
.	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
)	O
is	O
a	O
pivotal	O
regulator	O
of	O
PHEV	O
-	O
induced	O
neurological	B-DISO
disorders	I-DISO
and	O
functions	O
to	O
selectively	O
control	O
the	O
initiation	O
of	O
nerve	B-PRGE
growth	B-PROC
factor	I-PRGE
(	O
NGF	B-PRGE
)/	O
TrkA	B-PRGE
endosome	B-COMP
trafficking	B-PROC
.	O

We	O
then	O
showed	O
that	O
Ulk1	B-PRGE
forms	O
a	O
multiprotein	O
complex	O
with	O
TrkA	B-PRGE
and	O
the	O
early	B-COMP
endosome	I-COMP
marker	O
Rab5	B-PRGE
and	O
that	O
Ulk1	B-PRGE
defects	O
lead	O
to	O
either	O
blocking	B-DISO
of	O
NGF	B-PRGE
/	O
TrkA	B-PRGE
endocytosis	B-PATH
or	O
premature	O
degradation	O
of	O
pTrkA	O
via	O
constitutive	O
activation	O
of	O
the	O
Rab5	B-PRGE
GTPase	I-PRGE
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Nasal	B-ANAT
priming	O
by	O
a	O
murine	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
provides	O
protective	O
immunity	B-PROC
against	O
lethal	O
heterologous	O
virus	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Effects	O
of	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
neuromuscular	O
blocking	B-DISO
agents	O
on	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
outcomes	O
:	O
A	O
systematic	O
review	O
.	O

With	O
limitations	O
applied	O
,	O
three	O
original	O
randomized	O
controlled	O
trials	O
investigating	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
neuromuscular	O
blocking	B-DISO
agents	O
(	O
NMBAs	O
)	O
in	O
severe	O
ARDS	B-DISO
were	O
identified	O
and	O
reviewed	O
.	O

The	O
results	O
of	O
phylogenetic	O
and	O
recombination	B-PROC
analyses	O
showed	O
that	O
GDS10	O
strain	O
shared	O
a	O
common	O
ancestor	O
with	O
CO13	O
strain	O
,	O
which	O
was	O
obtained	O
from	O
a	O
piglet	O
with	O
severe	B-DISO
diarrhea	I-DISO
in	O
USA	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Epidermal	B-ANAT
growth	B-PROC
factor	I-FUNC
receptor	I-PRGE
is	O
a	O
co	O
-	O
factor	O
for	O
transmissible	O
gastroenteritis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
entry	O
.	O

It	O
is	O
well	O
established	O
that	O
porcine	B-SPEC
intestinal	B-ANAT
epithelium	I-ANAT
is	O
the	O
target	O
of	O
the	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
,	O
however	O
the	O
mechanism	O
that	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
invades	O
the	O
host	B-COMP
epithelium	B-ANAT
remains	O
largely	O
unknown	O
.	O

We	O
aim	O
to	O
study	O
AKI	O
in	O
the	O
pediatric	O
ARF	B-DISO
population	O
.	O

Patients	O
with	O
AKI	O
had	O
significantly	O
higher	O
serum	B-COMP
creatinine	B-CHED
(	O
P	O
<	O
.	O
001	O
)	O
and	O
lower	O
estimated	O
creatinine	B-CHED
clearance	O
(	O
P	O
<	O
.	O
001	O
)	O
compared	O
with	O
those	O
without	O
AKI	B-PRGE
.	O

Patients	O
with	O
AKI	O
had	O
significantly	O
lower	O
PaO	B-PROC

However	O
,	O
therapeutic	O
treatment	O
on	O
day	O
one	O
after	O
challenge	O
was	O
less	O
efficacious	O
as	O
it	O
did	O
not	O
prevent	O
the	O
development	O
of	O
severe	O
respiratory	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
and	O
all	O
treated	O
animals	B-SPEC
developed	O
bronchointerstitial	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
of	O
similar	O
severity	O
as	O
the	O
control	O
animals	B-SPEC
.	O

The	O
mean	O
abbreviated	O
burn	O
severity	O
index	O
(	O
ABSI	O
)	O
was	O
10	O
.	O
6	O
±	O
1	O
.	O
5	O
in	O
the	O
ARDS	B-DISO
group	O
and	O
6	O
.	O
6	O
±	O
2	O
.	O
3	O
in	O
the	O
non	O
-	O
ARDS	B-DISO
(	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
001	O
)	O
group	O
.	O

Our	O
results	O
show	O
that	O
the	O
ABSI	O
is	O
effective	O
for	O
predicting	O
ARDS	B-DISO
in	O
young	O
individuals	O
with	O
severe	O
starch	B-CHED
-	O
based	O
powder	O
burn	O
.	O

The	O
results	O
revealed	O
contributions	O
of	O
risk	O
factors	O
such	O
as	O
camel	B-SPEC
contact	O
,	O
male	O
,	O
old	O
age	O
and	O
being	O
from	O
Saudi	O
Arabia	O
and	O
Middle	O
East	O
regions	O
to	O
the	O
overall	O
reported	O
cases	O
of	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
.	O
The	O
trend	O
component	O
and	O
several	O
risk	O
factors	O
for	O
global	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
cases	O
,	O
including	O
camel	B-SPEC
contact	O
,	O
male	O
,	O
age	O
and	O
geography	O
/	O
region	O
significantly	O
affected	O
the	O
series	O
.	O

In	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
we	O
identified	O
membrane	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
associated	I-PRGE
78	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
kDa	I-PRGE
glucose	B-CHED
-	I-PRGE
regulated	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
(	O
GRP78	B-PRGE
)	O
as	O
an	O
additional	O
binding	B-FUNC
target	O
of	O
the	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
spike	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Respiratory	O
viral	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
cause	O
mild	O
to	O
severe	O
diseases	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
common	B-DISO
cold	I-DISO
,	O
bronchiolitis	B-DISO
and	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
and	O
are	O
associated	O
with	O
substantial	O
burden	O
for	O
society	O
.	O

ACGs	O
reduced	O
the	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
edema	I-DISO
and	O
microvascular	B-PROC
permeability	I-PROC
,	O
demonstrating	O
a	O
dose	O
-	O
dependent	O
down	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
regulation	I-PROC
of	O
LPS	B-DISO
-	O
induced	O
TNF	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
α	I-PRGE
,	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
6	I-FUNC
and	O
IL	O
-	O
1β	O
expression	B-PROC
in	O
lung	B-ANAT
tissue	I-ANAT
and	O
bronchoalveolar	B-ANAT
lavage	I-ANAT
fluid	I-ANAT
,	O
along	O
with	O
reduced	O
apoptosis	B-PATH
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Development	B-PROC
of	O
sandwich	O
Enzyme	O
-	O
Linked	O
Immunosorbent	O
Assay	O
for	O
the	O
detection	O
of	O
porcine	B-SPEC
epidemic	B-DISO
diarrhea	I-DISO
virus	I-SPEC
in	O
fecal	B-ANAT
samples	O
.	O

Of	O
2813	O
patients	O
with	O
ARDS	B-DISO
,	O
584	O
(	O
20	O
.	O
8	O
%)	O
were	O
immunocompromised	O
,	O
38	O
.	O
9	O
%	O
of	O
whom	O
had	O
an	O
unspecified	O
cause	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Of	O
2813	O
patients	O
with	O
ARDS	B-DISO
,	O
584	O
(	O
20	O
.	O
8	O
%)	O
were	O
immunocompromised	O
,	O
38	O
.	O
9	O
%	O
of	O
whom	O
had	O
an	O
unspecified	O
cause	O
.	O

Hospital	O
mortality	O
was	O
higher	O
in	O
immunocompromised	O
than	O
in	O
immunocompetent	O
patients	O
(	O
52	O
.	O
4	O
%	O
vs	O
36	O
.	O
2	O
%;	O
p	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
0001	O
),	O
despite	O
similar	O
severity	O
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

In	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
we	O
established	O
a	O
nucleic	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
visualization	O
technique	O
that	O
combines	O
the	O
reverse	B-PROC
transcription	I-PROC
loop	O
-	O
mediated	O
isothermal	O
amplification	B-DISO
technique	O
and	O
a	O
vertical	O
flow	O
visualization	O
strip	O
(	O
RT	O
-	O
LAMP	O
-	O
VF	O
)	O
to	O
detect	O
the	O
N	B-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
of	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
.	O
The	O
RT	O
-	O
LAMP	O
-	O
VF	O
assay	O
was	O
performed	O
in	O
a	O
constant	O
temperature	O
water	B-CHED
bath	O
for	O
30	O
min	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
result	O
was	O
visible	O
by	O
the	O
naked	O
eye	B-ANAT
within	O
5	O
min	O
.	O

Tropical	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
in	O
present	O
study	O
constituted	O
66	O
(	O
56	O
.	O
89	O
%)	O
cases	O
of	O
which	O
31	O
(	O
47	O
%)	O
died	B-PROC
.	O

ECMO	O
should	O
be	O
considered	O
as	O
an	O
adjunctive	O
strategy	O
in	O
burn	O
patients	O
without	O
inhalation	B-PROC
injury	O
to	O
minimize	O
ventilator	O
-	O
induced	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
when	O
high	O
levels	O
of	O
support	O
are	O
needed	O
to	O
achieve	O
adequate	O
ventilation	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
ARDS	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Live	O
-	O
attenuated	O
bivalent	O
measles	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
-	O
derived	O
vaccines	O
targeting	B-PROC
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
induce	O
robust	O
and	O
multifunctional	O
T	B-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
responses	O
against	O
both	O
viruses	B-SPEC
in	O
an	O
appropriate	O
mouse	B-SPEC
model	O
.	O

We	O
report	O
our	O
recent	O
experience	O
treating	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
ARDS	B-DISO
with	O
ECMO	O
in	O
a	O
burn	O
intensive	O
care	O
unit	O
.	O

The	O
average	O
total	B-ANAT
body	I-ANAT
surface	I-ANAT
area	O
burned	O
in	O
the	O
11	O
patients	O
with	O
burn	O
injury	O
was	O
27	O
%	O
(	O
range	O
0	O
.	O
25	O
-	O
76	O
%).	O

A	O
lower	O
-	O
limbs	B-ANAT
ultrasonography	O
confirmed	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
extensive	O
DVT	B-DISO
extending	O
to	O
the	O
lower	O
segment	O
of	O
the	O
inferior	B-ANAT
vena	I-ANAT
cava	I-ANAT
.	O

Likewise	O
,	O
underlying	O
causing	O
factors	O
such	O
as	O
venous	B-DISO
congestion	I-DISO
due	O
to	O
OCCP	O
-	O
related	O
DVT	B-DISO
should	O
be	O
considered	O
in	O
the	O
diagnosis	O
.	O

MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
antibodies	B-COMP
were	O
detected	O
in	O
13	O
of	O
24	O
(	O
54	O
%)	O
case	O
patients	O
with	O
available	O
sera	B-COMP
,	O
including	O
1	O
severely	O
symptomatic	O
,	O
9	O
mildly	O
symptomatic	O
,	O
and	O
3	O
asymptomatic	O
case	O
patients	O
.	O

We	O
conducted	O
a	O
review	O
of	O
the	O
indications	O
of	O
the	O
main	O
drug	O
agencies	O
(	O
Spanish	O
,	O
European	O
and	O
American	O
)	O
and	O
other	O
possible	O
indications	O
,	O
mainly	O
haemorrhagic	O
fevers	B-PROC
and	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
.	O

The	O
most	O
frequent	O
combination	O
comprised	O
rhinovirus	B-SPEC
plus	O
adenovirus	B-DISO
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Viruses	B-SPEC
were	O
detected	O
in	O
708	O
(	O
91	O
.	O
5	O
%;	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
:	O
89	O
.	O
3	O
-	O
93	O
.	O
3	O
)	O
cases	O
,	O
out	O
of	O
which	O
491	O
(	O
69	O
.	O
4	O
%;	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
:	O
65	O
.	O
9	O
-	O
72	O
.	O
7	O
)	O
harbored	O
multiple	O
viruses	B-SPEC
.	O

To	O
be	O
specific	O
,	O
in	O
IEC	O
,	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
N	O
protein	B-CHED
induces	O
cell	B-PATH
cycle	I-PATH
prolongation	O
at	O
the	O
S	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
phase	I-PROC
,	O
ER	O
stress	O
and	O
up	O
-	O
regulates	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
8	I-FUNC
expression	B-PROC
.	O

We	O
studied	O
one	O
mechanism	O
by	O
which	O
vomiting	B-DISO
is	O
induced	O
in	O
pigs	B-SPEC
infected	O
with	O
porcine	B-SPEC
epidemic	I-SPEC
diarrhea	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
)	O
by	O
characterization	O
of	O
swine	B-SPEC
EC	O
cells	B-COMP
by	O
immunohistochemistry	O
.	O

Conventional	O
or	O
gnotobiotic	O
(	O
Gn	O
)	O
9	O
-	O
day	O
-	O
old	O
pigs	B-SPEC
[	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
-	O
inoculated	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
12	O
);	O
Mock	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
14	O
)]	O
were	O
inoculated	O
orally	B-ANAT
(	O
8	O
.	O
9	O
-	O
9	O
.	O
2	O
log	O

In	O
addition	O
,	O
nasal	B-ANAT
swabs	O
of	O
661	O
camels	B-SPEC
,	O
alpacas	B-SPEC
and	O
lamas	B-SPEC
,	O
obtained	O
from	O
January	O
2015	O
to	O
December	O
2017	O
,	O
were	O
tested	O
for	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
MERS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
RNA	I-PRGE
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Detection	O
of	O
Respiratory	O
Viruses	B-SPEC
in	O
Deceased	B-PROC
Persons	O
,	O
Spain	O
,	O
2017	O
.	O

Only	O
7	O
%	O
of	O
participants	O
had	O
received	O
a	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
infection	B-DISO
with	O
the	O
detected	O
virus	B-SPEC
before	O
death	B-PROC
.	O

Here	O
,	O
a	O
feline	B-SPEC
HS	O
cell	B-ANAT
line	I-ANAT
,	O
FHS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
,	O
was	O
established	O
from	O
a	O
case	O
of	O
feline	B-SPEC
HS	O
and	O
characterized	O
.	O

This	O
report	O
details	O
several	O
design	O
changes	O
made	O
to	O
a	O
Hepatitis	B-PRGE
B	I-PRGE
virus	I-PRGE
core	I-PRGE
antigen	B-CHED
(	O
HBcAg	O
)-	O
based	O
recombinant	O
vaccine	O
strategy	O
,	O
and	O
their	O
effect	O
in	O
vivo	O
.	O

In	O
most	O
areas	O
of	O
Africa	O
,	O
P	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
vivax	I-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
is	O
essentially	O
absent	O
because	O
of	O
the	O
inherited	O
lack	O
of	O
Duffy	B-PRGE
antigen	I-PRGE
receptor	I-PRGE
for	O
chemokines	O
on	O
the	O
surface	O
of	O
red	B-ANAT
blood	I-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
that	O
is	O
involved	O
in	O
the	O
parasite	O
invasion	B-DISO
of	O
erythrocytes	B-ANAT
.	O

Although	O
,	O
P	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
vivax	I-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
has	O
long	O
been	O
considered	O
to	O
be	O
benign	O
,	O
recent	O
studies	O
have	O
reported	O
life	O
-	O
threatening	O
consequences	O
,	O
including	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
distress	O
syndrome	O
,	O
cerebral	B-DISO
malaria	B-PATH
,	O
multi	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
organ	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
,	O
dyserythropoiesis	B-DISO
and	O
anaemia	B-DISO
.	O

Another	O
characteristic	O
feature	O
of	O
P	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
vivax	I-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
,	O
compared	O
to	O
P	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
falciparum	I-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
,	O
is	O
persistence	O
of	O
the	O
parasite	O
as	O
dormant	O
liver	B-ANAT
-	O
stage	O
hypnozoites	O
,	O
causing	O
recurrent	O
episodes	O
of	O
malaria	B-PATH
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Molecular	O
characteristic	O
and	O
pathogenicity	O
analysis	O
of	O
a	O
virulent	O
recombinant	O
avain	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
isolated	O
in	O
China	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
The	O
incidences	O
of	O
organ	B-ANAT
dysfunction	O
in	O
the	O
early	O
resuscitation	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
sepsis	I-DISO
and	O
septic	B-DISO
shock	I-DISO
patients	O
:	O
a	O
retrospective	O
analysis	O
].	O

The	O
incidence	O
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
,	O
AKI	O
,	O
and	O
cardiac	B-DISO
insufficiency	I-DISO
was	O
80	O
.	O
9	O
％	O
(	O
414	O
/	O
512	O
),	O
71	O
.	O
3	O
％	O
(	O
365	O
/	O
512	O
),	O
and	O
61	O
.	O
9	O
％	O
(	O
317	O
/	O
512	O
)	O
respectively	O
.	O

There	O
were	O
205	O
senior	O
patients	O
and	O
307	O
younger	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
154in	O
high	O
-	O
PCT	B-DISO
group	O
and	O
358	O
in	O
control	O
group	O
.	O

In	O
the	O
senior	O
postoperative	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	B-DISO
sepsis	I-DISO
or	O
septic	B-DISO
shock	I-DISO
,	O
the	O
incidence	O
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
and	O
cardiac	B-DISO
insufficiency	I-DISO
,	O
and	O
the	O
mortality	O
were	O
increased	O
.	O

Therefore	O
,	O
the	O
patient	O
was	O
brought	O
to	O
interventional	O
radiology	O
and	O
bronchography	O
was	O
performed	O
for	O
selective	O
fistula	B-DISO
mapping	O
.	O

We	O
found	O
that	O
GBF1	B-PRGE
is	O
involved	O
in	O
the	O
replication	O
of	O
these	O
viruses	B-SPEC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
effects	O
of	O
convalescent	O
plasma	O
(	O
CP	O
)	O
infusion	O
,	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
treatment	O
options	O
for	O
severe	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
infections	B-DISO
,	O
have	O
not	O
yet	O
been	O
evaluated	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
High	O
flow	O
nasal	B-ANAT
cannula	B-SPEC
oxygen	B-CHED
versus	O
noninvasive	O
ventilation	O
in	O
adult	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
:	O
a	O
systematic	O
review	O
of	O
randomized	O
-	O
controlled	O
trials	O
.	O

Patients	O
had	O
hypoxaemic	O
ARF	B-DISO
(	O
PaO2	O
/	O
FiO2	O
≤	O
300	O
mmHg	O
).	O

The	O
aim	O
of	O
this	O
study	O
was	O
to	O
investigate	O
the	O
role	O
of	O
TCs	B-DISO
in	O
VILI	O
in	O
mice	B-SPEC
and	O
the	O
associated	O
mechanisms	O
.	O

zooepidemicus	O
,	O
and	O
Mycoplasma	B-SPEC
cynos	I-SPEC
nucleic	B-CHED
acids	I-CHED
by	O
quantitative	O
PCR	O
(	O
qPCR	O
).	O

RESULTS	O
The	O
mean	O
age	O
of	O
diseased	O
dogs	O
(	O
2	O
.	O
7	O
,	O
min	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
5	O
,	O
max	O
8	O
.	O
5	O
years	O
)	O
was	O
lower	O
than	O
the	O
mean	O
age	O
of	O
healthy	O
dogs	B-SPEC
(	O
5	O
.	O
3	O
,	O
min	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
5	O
,	O
max	O
17	O
years	O
)	O
(	O
p	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
001	O
).	O

Diseased	O
dogs	B-SPEC
were	O
most	O
commonly	O
positive	O
for	O
M	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
cynos	I-SPEC
(	O
8	O
/	O
47	O
,	O
17	O
%),	O
followed	O
by	O
CPIV	O
(	O
3	O
/	O
47	O
,	O
6	O
%)	O
and	O
B	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
bronchiseptica	I-SPEC
(	O
3	O
/	O
47	O
,	O
6	O
%),	O
while	O
healthy	O
dogs	B-SPEC
were	O
most	O
commonly	O
positive	O
for	O
CAdV	O
-	O
2	O
(	O
6	O
/	O
47	O
,	O
13	O
%),	O
followed	O
by	O
M	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
cynos	I-SPEC
(	O
2	O
/	O
47	O
,	O
4	O
%).	O

All	O
samples	O
were	O
negative	O
for	O
CIV	B-SPEC
,	O
CRCoV	O
,	O
CDV	B-CHED
and	O
S	O
.	O
equi	O
subsp	O
.	O

Samples	O
from	O
diseased	O
dogs	B-SPEC
were	O
more	O
frequently	O
seropositive	O
for	O
CRCoV	O
,	O
with	O
higher	O
POI	O
,	O
than	O
samples	O
from	O
healthy	O
dogs	B-SPEC
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
AND	O
CLINICAL	O
RELEVANCE	O
We	O
showed	O
that	O
CAdV	O
-	O
2	O
,	O
CPIV	O
,	O
CHV	O
,	O
CRCoV	O
,	O
B	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
bronchiseptica	I-SPEC
and	O
M	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
cynos	I-SPEC
circulated	O
among	O
sampled	O
dogs	B-SPEC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Human	B-SPEC
coronaviruses	O
(	O
HCoVs	O
)	O
are	O
recognized	O
respiratory	O
pathogens	O
for	O
which	O
accumulating	O
evidence	O
indicates	O
that	O
in	O
vulnerable	O
patients	O
the	O
infection	B-DISO
can	O
cause	O
more	O
severe	O
pathologies	O
.	O

HCoVs	O
are	O
not	O
always	O
confined	O
to	O
the	O
upper	B-ANAT
respiratory	I-ANAT
tract	I-ANAT
and	O
can	O
invade	O
the	O
central	B-ANAT
nervous	I-ANAT
system	I-ANAT
(	O
CNS	B-CHED
)	O
under	O
still	O
unclear	O
circumstances	O
.	O

Our	O
results	O
show	O
that	O
the	O
diverse	O
dimerization	O
forms	O
of	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
nsp9	O
proteins	B-CHED
enhance	O
their	O
nucleic	B-FUNC
acid	I-FUNC
binding	I-FUNC
affinity	O
.	O

H7N9	O
-	O
specific	O
antibody	B-COMP
concentrations	O
declined	O
over	O
time	O
,	O
and	O
protective	O
antibodies	B-COMP
persisted	O
longer	O
in	O
severely	O
ill	B-DISO
patients	O
admitted	O
to	O
the	O
intensive	O
care	O
unit	O
(	O
ICU	O
)	O
and	O
patients	O
presenting	O
with	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
than	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
mild	O
disease	O
.	O

During	O
a	O
recurrence	B-DISO
of	O
fever	B-PROC
on	O
day	O
11	O
,	O
blood	B-ANAT
cultures	O
were	O
found	O
to	O
be	O
positive	O
for	O
a	O
yeast	B-SPEC
-	O
like	O
organism	O
,	O
which	O
was	O
later	O
confirmed	O
by	O
mass	O
spectrometry	O
to	O
be	O
G	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
capitatum	I-SPEC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Ecology	O
and	O
diversity	O
in	O
upper	B-ANAT
respiratory	I-ANAT
tract	I-ANAT
microbial	O
population	O
structures	O
from	O
a	O
cross	O
-	O
sectional	O
community	O
swabbing	O
study	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Poliovirus	B-SPEC
induces	O
autophagic	O
signaling	B-PROC
independent	O
of	O
the	O
ULK1	B-PRGE
complex	I-PRGE
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Differential	O
susceptibility	O
of	O
macrophages	B-ANAT
to	O
serotype	O
II	O
feline	B-SPEC
coronaviruses	O
correlates	O
with	O
differences	O
in	O
the	O
viral	O
spike	O
protein	O
.	O

The	O
sample	O
types	O
included	O
nasopharyngeal	B-ANAT
swabs	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
677	O
),	O
expectorated	O
deep	O
cough	B-ANAT
sputum	I-ANAT
(	O
n	O
=	O
32	O
),	O
induced	B-ANAT
sputum	I-ANAT
(	O
n	O
=	O
17	O
),	O
and	O
tracheal	O
aspirates	B-ANAT
(	O
n	O
=	O
23	O
).	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
The	O
incidence	O
of	O
influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
(	O
H1N1	O
)	O
pdm09	O
was	O
higher	O
among	O
younger	O
patients	O
;	O
27	O
.	O
94	O
%	O
of	O
patients	O
in	O
the	O
0	O
-	O
19	O
-	O
year	O
age	O
group	O
tested	O
positive	O
compared	O
to	O
only	O
3	O
.	O
51	O
%	O
of	O
patients	O
in	O
the	O
≥	O
80	O
-	O
year	O
age	O
group	O
.	O

As	O
a	O
first	O
step	O
toward	O
understanding	O
the	O
effect	O
of	O
PDCoV	O
on	O
host	B-COMP
cells	B-COMP
,	O
we	O
elucidated	O
mechanisms	O
underlying	O
the	O
process	O
of	O
apoptotic	B-PROC
cell	I-PROC
death	I-PROC
after	O
PDCoV	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

Furthermore	O
,	O
PDCoV	O
infection	B-DISO
necessitated	O
the	O
activation	O
of	O
the	O
initiator	O
caspase	B-ENZY
-	I-ENZY
9	I-ENZY
responsible	O
for	O
the	O
intrinsic	O
mitochondrial	B-COMP
apoptosis	B-PROC
pathway	B-PROC
.	O

Replication	O
interference	O
between	O
these	O
two	O
viruses	B-SPEC
was	O
described	O
using	O
cell	B-COMP
cultures	O
(	O
CC	O
)	O
and	O
embryonated	O
chicken	B-SPEC
eggs	O
(	O
ECE	O
).	O

Real	O
-	O
time	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
was	O
developed	O
to	O
specifically	O
quantify	O
both	O
AIV	O
and	O
IBV	B-SPEC
genomes	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
viral	O
gene	O
copy	O
numbers	O
during	O
mixed	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
.	O

The	O
amount	O
of	O
IL	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
beta	I-PRGE
,	O
in	O
supernatants	O
of	O
co	O
-	O
infected	O
cell	B-COMP
cultures	O
,	O
was	O
determined	O
using	O
an	O
ELISA	O
assay	O
.	O

It	O
appears	O
that	O
either	O
AIV	O
or	O
IBV	B-SPEC
has	O
a	O
negative	O
impact	O
on	O
the	O
other	O
virus	B-SPEC
growth	B-PROC
when	O
they	O
are	O
inoculated	O
simultaneously	O
or	O
sequentially	O
.	O

The	O
ELISA	O
results	O
showed	O
that	O
higher	O
level	O
of	O
secreted	B-PROC
IL	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
1beta	I-PRGE
varies	O
,	O
depending	O
on	O
the	O
viral	O
interference	O
conditions	O
between	O
both	O
viruses	B-SPEC
,	O
during	O
mixed	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
.	O

As	O
demyelination	B-DISO
is	O
caused	O
by	O
multifactorial	O
insults	O
,	O
our	O
results	O
highlight	O
the	O
plasticity	O
of	O
microglia	B-ANAT
in	O
responding	O
to	O
distinct	O
inflammatory	O
settings	O
,	O
which	O
may	O
be	O
relevant	O
for	O
MS	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Tonsillar	B-ANAT
cytokine	O
expression	B-PROC
between	O
patients	O
with	O
tonsillar	B-DISO
hypertrophy	I-DISO
and	O
recurrent	O
tonsillitis	B-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Tonsils	B-ANAT
provide	O
an	O
innovative	O
in	O
vivo	O
model	O
for	O
investigating	O
immune	B-PROC
response	I-PROC
to	O
infections	B-DISO
and	O
allergens	O
.	O

Tonsils	B-ANAT
of	O
89	O
surgical	O
patients	O
with	O
tonsillar	B-DISO
hypertrophy	I-DISO
(	O
n	O
=	O
47	O
)	O
or	O
recurrent	O
tonsillitis	B-DISO
(	O
n	O
=	O
42	O
)	O
were	O
analysed	O
.	O

Quantitative	O
real	O
-	O
time	O
PCR	O
was	O
used	O
to	O
analyse	O
intratonsillar	O
gene	B-PROC
expressions	I-PROC
of	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
α	I-PRGE
,	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
β	I-PRGE
,	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
γ	I-PRGE
,	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
10	I-FUNC
,	O
IL	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
13	I-PRGE
,	O
IL	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
17	I-PROC
,	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
28	I-FUNC
,	O
IL	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
29	I-PRGE
,	O
IL	O
-	O
37	O
,	O
TGF	O
-	O
β	O
,	O
FOXP3	B-PRGE
,	O
GATA3	B-PRGE
,	O
RORC2	O
and	O
Tbet	B-PRGE
.	O

Patients	O
with	O
tonsillar	B-DISO
hypertrophy	I-DISO
were	O
younger	O
,	O
smoked	O
less	O
often	O
,	O
had	O
less	O
pollen	B-DISO
allergy	I-DISO
and	O
had	O
more	O
adenovirus	B-DISO
,	O
bocavirus	B-SPEC
-	O
1	O
,	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
and	O
rhinovirus	B-SPEC
in	O
nasopharynx	B-ANAT
(	O
all	O
Intratonsillar	O
T	B-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
and	O
interferon	B-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
expressions	O
appeared	O
to	O
be	O
relatively	O
stable	O
for	O
both	O
tonsillar	B-DISO
hypertrophy	I-DISO
and	O
recurrent	O
tonsillitis	B-DISO
.	O

Included	O
were	O
children	O
between	O
2	O
and	O
59	O
months	O
of	O
age	O
hospitalized	O
with	O
WHO	O
-	O
defined	O
severe	O
CAP	B-DISO
with	O
consistent	O
radiological	O
abnormalities	O
.	O

From	O
2014	O
to	O
2016	O
,	O
of	O
420	O
screened	O
cases	O
,	O
350	O
were	O
eligible	O
and	O
included	O
,	O
of	O
which	O
132	O
(	O
37	O
.	O
7	O
%)	O
had	O
no	O
complication	B-DISO
and	O
218	O
(	O
62	O
.	O
3	O
%)	O
had	O
AO	O
,	O
which	O
included	O
complications	O
like	O
empyema	B-DISO
,	O
pyopneumothorax	B-DISO
,	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
),	O
and	O
septic	B-DISO
shock	I-DISO
of	O
these	O
24	O
(	O
6	O
.	O
9	O
%)	O
expired	O
.	O

Serum	B-PRGE
IL1RA	I-PRGE
(	O
ng	O
/	O
mL	O
)	O
was	O
statistically	O
significantly	O
elevated	O
in	O
CAP	B-DISO
with	O
AO	O
(	O
2	O
.	O
55	O
±	O
1	O
.	O
44	O
)	O
versus	O
uncomplicated	O
(	O
0	O
.	O
87	O
±	O
0	O
.	O
52	O
)	O
(	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
0001	O
).	O

Serum	B-PRGE
IL1RA	I-PRGE
(	O
ng	O
/	O
mL	O
)	O
was	O
statistically	O
significantly	O
elevated	O
in	O
CAP	B-DISO
with	O
AO	O
(	O
2	O
.	O
55	O
±	O
1	O
.	O
44	O
)	O
versus	O
uncomplicated	O
(	O
0	O
.	O
87	O
±	O
0	O
.	O
52	O
)	O
(	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
0001	O
).	O

Epitope	B-CHED
mapping	O
analysis	O
using	O
synthesized	O
peptides	B-CHED
revealed	O
that	O
IBV	B-SPEC
TM86	O
spike	O
669	O
-	O
685	O
(	O
SNFSTGAFNISLLLTPP	O
),	O
686	O
-	O
697	O
(	O
SNPRGRSFIEDL	O
),	O
and	O
692	O
-	O
703	O
(	O
SFIEDLLFTSVE	O
)	O
residues	O
were	O
major	O
linear	O
epitopes	O
;	O
two	O
identified	O
epitopes	O
(	O
686	O
-	O
697	O
and	O
692	O
-	O
703	O
)	O
were	O
covered	O
by	O
the	O
fusion	O
peptide	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
other	O
epitope	B-CHED
(	O
669	O
-	O
685	O
)	O
was	O
adjacent	O
to	O
the	O
fusion	O
peptide	B-CHED
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Global	O
seasonal	O
occurrence	O
of	O
middle	O
east	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

We	O
aimed	O
at	O
investigating	O
the	O
global	O
seasonal	O
occurrence	O
of	O
Middle	O
East	O
Respiratory	O
Syndrome	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
outbreaks	O
.	O

Tissues	B-ANAT
were	O
analyzed	O
by	O
histology	O
,	O
immunohistochemistry	O
,	O
immunofluorescence	O
,	O
and	O
scanning	O
electron	O
microscopy	O
.	O

MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
infection	B-DISO
in	O
mock	O
-	O
vaccinated	O
dromedaries	B-SPEC
revealed	O
high	O
numbers	O
of	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
-	O
nucleocapsid	O
positive	O
cells	B-COMP
,	O
T	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
,	O
and	O
macrophages	B-ANAT
within	O
nasal	B-ANAT
turbinates	I-ANAT
and	O
trachea	B-DISO
at	O
day	O
four	O
post	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

Double	O
immunolabeling	O
demonstrated	O
cytokeratin	B-PRGE
(	O
CK	O
)	O
18	O
expressing	O
epithelial	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
to	O
be	O
the	O
prevailing	O
target	B-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
of	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
,	O
while	O
CK5	B-PRGE
/	I-PRGE
6	I-PRGE
and	O
CK14	B-PRGE
expressing	O
cells	B-COMP
did	O
not	O
co	O
-	O
localize	O
with	O
virus	B-SPEC
.	O

The	O
present	O
study	O
underlines	O
significant	O
species	B-SPEC
-	O
specific	O
manifestations	O
of	O
MERS	O
and	O
highlights	O
ciliary	O
loss	O
as	O
an	O
important	O
finding	O
in	O
dromedaries	B-SPEC
.	O

IAP	B-PRGE
was	O
measured	O
in	O
301	O
patients	O
(	O
80	O
·	O
5	O
per	O
cent	O
),	O
of	O
whom	O
274	O
(	O
91	O
·	O
0	O
per	O
cent	O
)	O
had	O
IAH	O
and	O
103	O
(	O
34	O
·	O
2	O
per	O
cent	O
)	O
acute	O
compartment	B-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

0	O
·	O
73	O
to	O
0	O
·	O
84	O
),	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
(	O
AUC	O
0	O
·	O
82	O
,	O
0	O
·	O
77	O
to	O
0	O
·	O
87	O
),	O
renal	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
(	O
AUC	O
0	O
·	O
93	O
,	O
0	O
·	O
89	O
to	O
0	O
·	O
96	O
)	O
and	O
mortality	O
(	O
AUC	O
0	O
·	O
89	O
,	O
0	O
·	O
86	O
to	O
0	O
·	O
93	O
).	O

Neither	O
virus	B-SPEC
was	O
detected	O
in	O
any	O
of	O
the	O
samples	O
,	O
indicating	O
that	O
waterfowl	B-SPEC
likely	O
did	O
not	O
contribute	O
to	O
the	O
rapid	O
spread	O
of	O
these	O
viruses	B-SPEC
within	O
central	O
US	O
.	O

A	O
wood	O
bison	B-SPEC
population	O
in	O
southwestern	O
Yukon	O
,	O
Canada	O
was	O
reintroduced	O
into	O
the	O
wild	O
in	O
1988	O
,	O
but	O
no	O
health	O
assessment	O
has	O
been	O
done	O
since	O
then	O
.	O

To	O
provide	O
an	O
initial	O
assessment	O
of	O
the	O
health	O
status	O
and	O
,	O
hence	O
,	O
the	O
conservation	O
value	O
of	O
this	O
population	O
,	O
we	O
serologically	O
tested	O
31	O
wood	O
bison	B-SPEC
(	O
approximately	O
3	O
%	O
of	O
the	O
population	O
)	O
for	O
pathogens	O
of	O
interest	O
and	O
obtained	O
histopathology	O
results	O
for	O
select	O
tissues	B-ANAT
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Display	O
of	O
Porcine	B-SPEC
Epidemic	I-SPEC
Diarrhea	I-SPEC
Virus	I-SPEC
Spike	O
Protein	B-CHED
on	O
Baculovirus	B-SPEC
to	O
Improve	O
Immunogenicity	O
and	O
Protective	O
Efficacy	O
.	O

Our	O
results	O
also	O
showed	O
that	O
piglets	O
in	O
the	O
S	O
-	O
Bac	O
group	O
elicited	O
superior	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
-	O
specific	O
neutralizing	O
antibodies	B-COMP
than	O
those	O
of	O
the	O
S1	O
-	O
Bac	O
and	O
control	O
groups	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Avian	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
bronchitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
IBV	B-SPEC
)	O
is	O
the	O
causative	O
agent	O
of	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
,	O
which	O
results	O
in	O
considerable	O
economic	O
losses	O
.	O

We	O
seek	O
to	O
provide	O
a	O
further	O
understanding	O
of	O
this	O
process	O
,	O
with	O
the	O
report	O
of	O
a	O
case	O
of	O
splenic	B-ANAT
rupture	O
followed	O
by	O
a	O
systematic	O
review	O
of	O
the	O
current	O
literature	O
.	O

It	O
has	O
been	O
proposed	O
that	O
in	O
these	O
conditions	O
,	O
bacteria	B-SPEC
from	O
the	O
gut	B-ANAT
might	O
enter	O
the	O
lungs	B-ANAT
via	O
translocation	B-DISO
,	O
a	O
process	O
facilitated	O
by	O
increased	O
gut	B-ANAT
and	O
alveolo	O
-	O
capillary	B-PROC
permeability	I-PROC
.	O

With	O
further	O
insights	O
,	O
this	O
area	O
of	O
investigation	O
could	O
lead	O
to	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
novel	O
,	O
microbiome	O
-	O
targeted	B-PROC
,	O
and	O
immunomodulation	B-PROC
strategies	O
with	O
the	O
potential	O
to	O
improve	O
outcomes	O
of	O
critically	B-DISO
ill	I-DISO
patients	O
with	O
sepsis	B-DISO
,	O
trauma	O
,	O
and	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

All	O
the	O
compounds	O
are	O
not	O
a	O
substrate	O
of	O
P	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
glycoprotein	I-PROC
.	O

Their	O
clinical	O
phenotypes	O
including	O
laboratory	O
test	O
results	O
,	O
high	O
-	O
resolution	O
lung	O
computed	O
tomography	O
data	O
,	O
response	O
to	O
therapy	O
,	O
and	O
prognosis	O
were	O
compared	O
between	O
those	O
who	O
were	O
positive	O
and	O
negative	O
for	O
MAAs	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
antinuclear	O
antibody	B-COMP
(	O
ANA	O
),	O
anti	O
-	O
cyclic	O
citrullinated	O
peptide	B-CHED
(	O
CCP	B-DISO
),	O
anti	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
SSA	I-PRGE
,	O
and	O
anti	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
SSB	I-PRGE
antibodies	B-COMP
.	O

Coexistent	O
MAAs	O
could	O
be	O
biomarkers	O
for	O
a	O
favorable	O
prognosis	O
in	O
anti	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
MDA5	I-PRGE
-	O
positive	O
patients	O
with	O
CADM	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Low	O
endocan	O
levels	O
are	O
predictive	O
of	O
Acute	B-DISO
Respiratory	I-DISO
Distress	I-DISO
Syndrome	I-DISO
in	O
severe	B-DISO
sepsis	I-DISO
and	O
septic	O
shock	O
.	O

Patients	O
admitted	O
for	O
severe	B-DISO
sepsis	I-DISO
in	O
the	O
ICU	O
of	O
a	O
French	O
University	O
Hospital	O
were	O
included	O
in	O
a	O
prospective	O
single	O
-	O
center	O
observational	O
study	O
between	O
October	O
2014	O
and	O
March	O
2016	O
.	O

For	O
endocan	O
blood	B-ANAT
values	O
>	O
5	O
.	O
36	O
ng	O
/	O
mL	O
,	O
the	O
adjusted	O
OR	O
for	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
at	O
72	O
h	O
was	O
of	O
0	O
.	O
001	O
(	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
0	O
-	O
0	O
.	O
215	O
;	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
011	O
).	O

Samples	O
were	O
tested	O
for	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
antibodies	B-COMP
utilising	O
three	O
different	O
serological	O
methods	O
:	O
commercially	O
-	O
available	O
indirect	O
ELISA	O
,	O
in	O
-	O
house	O
blocking	B-DISO
ELISA	O
test	O
and	O
Immunoperoxidase	O
Monolayer	O
Assay	O
(	O
IPMA	O
)	O
test	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Efficacy	O
of	O
heat	O
-	O
labile	O
enterotoxin	O
B	O
subunit	O
-	O
adjuvanted	O
parenteral	O
porcine	B-SPEC
epidemic	B-DISO
diarrhea	I-DISO
virus	I-SPEC
trimeric	O
spike	O
subunit	O
vaccine	O
in	O
piglets	O
.	O

To	O
induce	O
systemic	O
and	O
mucosal	B-PROC
immunity	I-PROC
,	O
conventional	O
5	O
-	O
week	O
-	O
old	O
piglets	O
were	O
immunized	O
with	O
the	O
trimeric	B-PRGE
S	I-PRGE
glycoprotein	I-PRGE
combined	O
with	O
the	O
B	O
subunit	O
of	O
Escherichia	B-SPEC
coli	I-SPEC
heat	O
-	O
labile	O
enterotoxin	O
(	O
LTB	O
)	O
by	O
the	O
intramuscular	O
(	O
IM	O
)	O
route	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Advances	O
in	O
the	O
Animal	B-SPEC
Models	O
of	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
].	O

RESULTS	O
87	O
(	O
22	O
.	O
9	O
%)	O
cats	B-SPEC
died	B-PROC
or	O
were	O
euthanized	O
before	O
discharge	B-ANAT
from	O
the	O
hospital	O
.	O

The	O
patient	O
was	O
diagnosed	O
with	O
bilateral	B-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
,	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
sepsis	B-SPEC
and	O
underwent	O
invasive	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
.	O

Clinical	O
improvement	O
cannot	O
always	O
be	O
expected	O
in	O
spite	O
of	O
targeted	B-PROC
antibiotic	B-CHED
therapy	O
.	O

This	O
pathogen	O
should	O
be	O
considered	O
responsible	O
for	O
infections	B-DISO
that	O
usually	O
develop	O
in	O
immunocompromised	O
patients	O
.	O

He	O
rapidly	O
developed	O
severe	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
),	O
which	O
required	O
treatment	O
in	O
the	O
intensive	O
care	O
unit	O
which	O
included	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
and	O
extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenation	B-PROC
(	O
ECMO	O
).	O

This	O
is	O
a	O
unique	O
case	O
report	O
of	O
a	O
patient	O
suffering	B-DISO
a	O
grade	O
4	O
adverse	O
event	O
under	O
nivolumab	O
who	O
survived	O
having	O
been	O
treated	O
with	O
ECMO	O
.	O

A	O
subsequent	O
improvement	O
in	O
the	O
respiratory	O
parameters	O
and	O
vital	O
functions	O
resulted	O
in	O
weaning	B-PROC
from	O
ventilator	O
8	O
days	O
after	O
the	O
onset	O
of	O
the	O
ARDS	O
and	O
transfer	O
to	O
the	O
surgery	O
ward	O
14	O
days	O
after	O
pneumonectomy	O
.	O

All	O
infected	O
pigs	B-SPEC
shed	O
virus	B-SPEC
in	O
faeces	B-ANAT
regardless	O
of	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
strain	O
with	O
9	O
of	O
30	O
pigs	B-SPEC
showing	O
intermittent	O
faecal	B-ANAT
shedding	O
.	O

For	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
,	O
we	O
used	O
the	O
spike	O
gene	O
sequences	O
,	O
while	O
for	O
rabies	B-DISO
and	O
influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
viruses	B-SPEC
,	O
we	O
used	O
the	O
more	O
conserved	O
nucleoprotein	O
gene	O
sequences	O
.	O

The	O
virus	B-SPEC
is	O
a	O
betacoronavirus	B-SPEC
and	O
a	O
close	O
relative	O
of	O
human	B-PRGE
coronavirus	I-PRGE
OC43	I-PRGE
and	O
bovine	B-SPEC
coronavirus	B-SPEC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Medicinal	O
mushrooms	B-SPEC
contain	O
biologically	O
active	O
substances	O
that	O
can	O
be	O
used	O
as	O
an	O
immune	O
-	O
modulating	O
agent	O
in	O
poultry	O
.	O

The	O
newly	O
discovered	O
type	B-PRGE
III	I-PRGE
IFN	I-PRGE
,	O
which	O
plays	O
a	O
crucial	O
role	O
in	O
antiviral	B-CHED
immunity	B-PROC
,	O
has	O
strong	O
antiviral	B-CHED
activity	O
against	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
proliferation	B-DISO
in	O
IPEC	O
-	O
J2	O
cells	B-COMP
.	O

In	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
we	O
aimed	O
to	O
investigate	O
the	O
effect	O
of	O
PEDV	B-PRGE
nucleocapsid	B-COMP
(	I-PRGE
N	I-PRGE
)	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
on	O
type	B-PRGE
III	I-PRGE
IFN	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
λ	I-PRGE
.	O

Subsequently	O
,	O
we	O
demonstrated	O
that	O
the	O
inhibition	B-PROC
of	O
poly	O
(	O
I	O
:	O
C	O
)-	O
induced	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
λ3	I-PRGE
production	O
by	O
PEDV	B-PRGE
N	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
was	O
dependent	O
on	O
the	O
blocking	B-DISO
of	O
nuclear	B-PRGE
factor	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
κB	I-PRGE
(	O
NF	O
-	O
κB	O
)	O
nuclear	B-PROC
translocation	I-PROC
.	O

Data	O
regarding	O
the	O
incidence	O
,	O
clinical	O
features	O
and	O
microbiological	O
characteristics	O
related	O
to	O
hvKp	O
infections	B-DISO
in	O
the	O
Western	O
world	O
are	O
scarce	O
.	O

The	O
concept	O
of	O
a	O
""""	O
genomic	O
storm	O
","""	O
caused	O
by	O
microbes	O
triggering	O
florid	O
production	O
of	O
inflammatory	O
mediators	O
,	O
is	O
based	O
on	O
septic	O
reprogramming	O
of	O
the	O
human	B-SPEC
genome	O
.	O

The	O
result	O
is	O
a	O
700	O
-	O
fold	O
reduction	O
in	O
the	O
bacterial	O
burden	O
of	O
the	O
lungs	B-ANAT
and	O
improvement	O
of	O
sepsis	B-DISO
-	O
associated	O
thrombocytopaenia	O
and	O
blood	B-ANAT
markers	O
of	O
endothelial	B-ANAT
injury	O
.	O

The	O
nature	O
and	O
extent	O
of	O
inter	O
-	O
sectoral	O
collaboration	O
varied	O
according	O
to	O
the	O
sectors	O
involved	O
,	O
with	O
those	O
sectors	O
that	O
have	O
traditionally	O
had	O
good	O
collaboration	O
(	O
e	O
.	O
g	O
.	O
animal	B-SPEC
health	O
and	O
food	O
safety	O
),	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
those	O
that	O
have	O
a	O
financial	O
incentive	O
for	O
controlling	O
infectious	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
(	O
e	O
.	O
g	O
.	O
agriculture	O
,	O
tourism	O
,	O
and	O
air	B-CHED
travel	O
)	O
seen	O
as	O
most	O
likely	O
to	O
have	O
integrated	O
public	O
health	O
preparedness	O
and	O
response	O
plans	O
.	O

Although	O
cases	O
of	O
smallpox	B-DISO
still	O
occurred	O
,	O
they	O
were	O
far	O
fewer	O
than	O
expected	O
,	O
and	O
it	O
is	O
believed	O
that	O
the	O
vaccination	O
program	O
contributed	O
to	O
victory	O
in	O
the	O
War	O
of	O
Independence	O
.	O

Effective	O
military	O
force	O
requires	O
personnel	O
who	O
are	O
healthy	O
and	O
combat	B-CHED
ready	O
for	O
worldwide	O
deployment	O
.	O

With	O
US	O
military	O
personnel	O
present	O
in	O
every	O
region	O
of	O
the	O
globe	B-ANAT
,	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
most	O
cost	O
-	O
effective	O
ways	O
to	O
maintain	O
military	O
effectiveness	O
is	O
to	O
develop	O
vaccines	O
against	O
prioritized	O
threats	O
to	O
military	O
members	O
'	O
health	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Codon	O
Bias	B-SPEC
Analysis	O
in	O
the	O
Coding	O
Genes	O
of	O
Structural	O
and	O
Accessory	O
Proteins	B-CHED
of	O
Middle	O
East	O
Respiratory	O
Syndrome	O
Coronavirus	B-SPEC
].	O

It	O
is	O
found	O
that	O
codon	O
usage	O
frequency	O
of	O
MERS	O
-	O
Co	O
V	O
is	O
more	O
close	O
to	O
yeast	B-SPEC
,	O
compared	O
with	O
other	O
three	O
kinds	O
of	O
biological	O
codon	O
usage	O
frequency	O
.	O

In	O
total	O
,	O
838	O
blood	B-ANAT
samples	I-ANAT
from	O
sows	O
from	O
267	O
farms	O
and	O
101	O
samples	O
from	O
wild	B-SPEC
boars	I-SPEC
were	O
collected	O
from	O
May	O
till	O
November	O
2014	O
and	O
tested	O
for	O
antibodies	B-COMP
against	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
by	O
ELISA	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Porcine	B-SPEC
epidemic	B-DISO
diarrhea	I-DISO
vaccine	O
evaluation	O
using	O
a	O
newly	O
isolated	O
strain	O
from	O
Korea	O
.	O

We	O
conducted	O
quantification	O
of	O
infectious	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
or	O
viral	O
RNA	O
,	O
immunofluorescent	O
(	O
IF	O
)	O
staining	O
for	O
the	O
detection	O
of	O
PDCoV	O
antigens	B-CHED
,	O
and	O
TUNEL	O
assay	O
in	O
IPEC	O
-	O
J2	O
cells	B-COMP
inoculated	O
with	O
the	O
strain	O
OH	O
-	O
FD22	O
-	O
P8	O
grown	O
in	O
LLC	B-COMP
-	O
PK	O
cells	B-COMP
,	O
and	O
supplemented	O
with	O
10	O
μg	O
/	O
ml	O
of	O
trypsin	B-PRGE
in	O
the	O
cell	B-COMP
culture	O
medium	O
.	O

There	O
was	O
increased	O
interleukin	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
6	I-PRGE
in	O
PDCoV	O
-	O
infected	O
IPEC	O
-	O
J2	O
cell	B-COMP
culture	O
supernatants	O
at	O
post	O
-	O
inoculation	O
hour	O
(	O
PIH	O
)	O
48	O
-	O
96	O
,	O
as	O
evaluated	O
by	O
ELISA	O
,	O
concurrent	O
with	O
increased	O
titers	O
of	O
PDCoV	O
at	O
PIH	O
24	O
-	O
72	O
.	O

Examination	O
of	O
bronchoalveolar	B-ANAT
lavage	I-ANAT
fluid	I-ANAT
demonstrated	O
yeast	B-SPEC
cells	B-COMP
with	O
broad	O
-	O
based	O
budding	B-PATH
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
is	O
a	O
life	O
threatening	O
condition	B-DISO
characterized	O
by	O
severe	O
hypoxemia	O
due	O
to	O
pulmonary	B-PROC
gas	B-ENZY
exchange	I-PROC
failure	O
and	O
was	O
first	O
recognized	O
in	O
1960s	O
.	O

We	O
conclude	O
that	O
the	O
recombinant	O
baculovirus	B-SPEC
expressed	B-PROC
IBV	B-SPEC
N	O
protein	B-CHED
could	O
serve	O
as	O
a	O
useful	O
diagnostic	O
antigen	B-CHED
for	O
detection	O
of	O
IBV	B-SPEC
infections	B-DISO
in	O
chickens	B-SPEC
by	O
ELISA	O
.	O

These	O
include	O
an	O
infectious	B-DISO
model	O
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
driven	O
by	O
direct	O
administration	O
of	O
Streptococcus	B-SPEC
pneumoniae	I-SPEC
and	O
a	O
sterile	B-DISO
inflammatory	O
model	O
mediated	O
by	O
intratracheal	O
administration	O
of	O
lipopolysaccharide	B-CHED
.	O

Assessment	O
of	O
gut	B-ANAT
microbial	O
composition	O
may	O
help	O
in	O
TRALI	B-DISO
risk	O
assessment	O
before	O
transfusion	O
.	O

Nonetheless	O
,	O
these	O
factors	O
are	O
common	O
to	O
both	O
studies	O
and	O
trials	O
,	O
and	O
fail	O
to	O
explain	O
the	O
higher	O
mortality	O
rate	O
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
observational	O
studies	O
.	O

Then	O
,	O
we	O
obtained	O
the	O
miRNAs	O
by	O
using	O
solexa	O
sequencing	O
technology	O
and	O
analyzed	O
these	O
differentially	O
expressed	B-PROC
miRNAs	O
.	O

Heatmap	O
cluster	O
analysis	O
showed	O
that	O
the	O
vast	O
majority	O
of	O
the	O
viral	O
groups	O
were	O
differentially	O
expressed	B-PROC
in	O
miRNA	O
compared	O
with	O
the	O
control	O
group	O
,	O
Go	O
analysis	O
showed	O
that	O
miRNAs	O
are	O
widely	O
involved	O
in	O
combination	O
,	O
binding	B-FUNC
protein	B-CHED
,	O
protein	B-FUNC
kinase	I-FUNC
activity	I-FUNC
,	O
transfer	O
enzyme	B-FUNC
activity	I-FUNC
,	O
phosphorus	B-CHED
containing	O
radicals	B-CHED
transfer	O
,	O
phosphotransferase	O
enzyme	B-FUNC
activity	I-FUNC
and	O
other	O
biological	O
effects	O
.	O

The	O
expression	B-PROC
trends	O
of	O
RT	O
-	O
qPCR	O
verified	O
by	O
miRNA	O
were	O
consistent	O
with	O
the	O
high	O
throughput	O
sequencing	O
results	O
.	O

Here	O
,	O
we	O
report	O
a	O
unique	O
epitope	B-CHED
and	O
unusual	O
neutralizing	O
mechanism	O
of	O
the	O
isolated	O
human	B-SPEC
antibody	B-COMP
MERS	O
-	O
4	O
.	O

Structurally	O
,	O
MERS	O
-	O
4	O
approached	O
the	O
RBD	O
from	O
the	O
outside	O
of	O
the	O
RBD	O
-	O
DPP4	B-PRGE
binding	B-FUNC
interface	O
.	O

Such	O
binding	B-FUNC
resulted	O
in	O
the	O
folding	O
of	O
the	O
β5	O
-	O
β6	O
loop	O
toward	O
a	O
shallow	O
groove	B-ANAT
on	O
the	O
RBD	O
interface	O
critical	O
for	O
accommodating	O
DPP4	B-PRGE
.	O

The	O
key	O
residues	O
for	O
binding	B-FUNC
are	O
identified	O
through	O
site	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
directed	I-PROC
mutagenesis	I-PROC
.	O

Structural	O
modeling	O
revealed	O
that	O
MERS	O
-	O
4	O
binds	B-FUNC
to	O
RBD	O
only	O
in	O
the	O
""""	O
up	O
""""	O
position	O
in	O
the	O
S	O
trimer	O
.	O

Nasopharyngeal	B-ANAT
swabs	O
,	O
demographics	O
,	O
and	O
survey	O
information	O
on	O
symptoms	O
,	O
medical	O
history	O
,	O
and	O
recent	O
travel	O
were	O
obtained	O
from	O
2	O
,	O
685	O
adults	O
over	O
two	O
seasonal	O
arms	B-DISO
.	O

Depending	O
on	O
the	O
definition	O
of	O
symptomatic	O
infection	B-DISO
,	O
65	O
%	O
to	O
97	O
%	O
of	O
infections	B-DISO
were	O
classified	O
as	O
asymptomatic	O
.	O

Two	O
clinical	O
pig	B-SPEC
diarrhea	B-DISO
samples	O
were	O
amplified	O
and	O
sequencing	O
results	O
confirmed	O
that	O
the	O
fragments	O
amplified	O
were	O
M	O
gene	O
.	O

An	O
MCC	B-COMP
tree	O
based	O
on	O
relative	O
synonymous	O
codon	O
usage	O
(	O
RSCU	O
)	O
data	O
integrating	O
data	O
from	O
both	O
viruses	O
and	O
hosts	B-COMP
into	O
a	O
same	O
analysis	O
indicated	O
three	O
putative	O
host	B-COMP
/	O
virus	B-SPEC
contact	O
dates	O
ranging	O
from	O
1	O
.	O
54E8	O
to	O
2	O
.	O
44E5	O
years	O
ago	O
,	O
suggesting	O
that	O
an	O
ancestor	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
might	O
have	O
followed	O
human	B-SPEC
evolution	B-PROC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Current	O
Status	O
of	O
Middle	O
East	O
Respiratory	O
Syndrome	B-DISO
Vaccines	O
].	O

The	O
wide	O
spectrum	O
of	O
microbial	O
agents	O
underlying	O
the	O
pathology	B-DISO
renders	O
the	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
respiratory	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
challenging	O
.	O

Lower	B-ANAT
respiratory	I-ANAT
tract	I-ANAT
samples	O
had	O
comparable	O
final	O
-	O
run	O
success	O
-	O
rates	O
and	O
discordant	O
-	O
rates	O
as	O
compared	O
to	O
UTM	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Comparison	O
of	O
extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenation	B-PROC
outcome	O
for	O
influenza	B-DISO
-	O
associated	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
in	O
Japan	O
between	O
2009	O
and	O
2016	O
.	O

The	O
outcome	O
of	O
ECMO	O
use	O
had	O
improved	O
in	O
2016	O
compared	O
with	O
the	O
outcome	O
in	O
2009	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
influenza	B-DISO
-	O
associated	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
.	O

Routine	O
treatment	O
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
in	O
both	O
groups	O
was	O
the	O
same	O
.	O

As	O
time	O
went	O
on	O
,	O
PaO	B-PROC

TITLE	O
:	O
Associations	O
Between	O
Hand	O
Hygiene	O
Education	O
and	O
Self	O
-	O
Reported	O
Hand	O
-	O
Washing	O
Behaviors	B-PROC
Among	O
Korean	O
Adults	O
During	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
Outbreak	O
.	O

Infectious	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
outbreak	O
may	O
also	O
affect	O
individuals	O
'	O
awareness	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
-	O
induced	O
severe	O
respiratory	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
in	O
humans	B-SPEC
is	O
associated	O
with	O
high	O
viral	O
loads	O
in	O
the	O
lower	B-ANAT
respiratory	I-ANAT
tract	I-ANAT
,	O
which	O
may	O
be	O
difficult	O
to	O
achieve	O
in	O
nonhuman	O
primate	B-SPEC
models	O
.	O

Therefore	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
used	O
as	O
the	O
active	O
component	O
in	O
the	O
antiviral	B-CHED
nasal	B-ANAT
spray	O
Coldamaris	O
prophylactic	O
(	O
1	O
.	O
2	O
mg	O
/	O
mL	O
iota	B-CHED
-	I-CHED
carrageenan	I-CHED
in	O
0	O
.	O
5	O
%	O
NaCl	B-CHED
)	O
and	O
other	O
medical	O
device	O
nasal	B-ANAT
sprays	B-DISO
that	O
are	O
approved	O
and	O
marketed	O
in	O
the	O
EU	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Sepsis	O
leads	O
to	O
severe	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
/	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ALI	O
/	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
that	O
is	O
associated	O
with	O
enhanced	O
endoplasmic	B-COMP
reticulum	I-COMP
(	O
ER	O
)	O
stress	O
.	O

Cyclophilins	O
have	O
been	O
reported	O
to	O
play	O
an	O
essential	O
role	O
in	O
the	O
replication	O
of	O
several	O
other	O
RNA	O
viruses	B-SPEC
,	O
including	O
human	B-DISO
immunodeficiency	I-DISO
virus	I-DISO
-	O
1	O
,	O
hepatitis	B-SPEC
C	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
,	O
and	O
influenza	B-SPEC
A	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
.	O

Further	O
PTP	B-DISO
and	O
enhanced	O
links	O
with	O
expert	O
laboratories	O
globally	O
may	O
improve	O
the	O
laboratory	O
performance	O
.	O

The	O
aim	O
of	O
this	O
study	O
was	O
to	O
evaluate	O
the	O
prognostic	O
factors	O
of	O
patients	O
admitted	O
to	O
a	O
pediatric	O
intensive	O
care	O
unit	O
(	O
PICU	B-SPEC
)	O
after	O
drowning	O
.	O

In	O
this	O
group	O
,	O
there	O
was	O
also	O
a	O
higher	O
incidence	O
of	O
seizures	B-DISO
,	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
,	O
hemodynamic	B-PROC
compromise	O
,	O
and	O
acute	B-DISO
renal	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
StatPearls	O
ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Hypersensitivity	B-DISO
reactions	I-DISO
(	O
HR	O
)	O
are	O
immune	B-PROC
responses	I-PROC
that	O
are	O
exaggerated	O
or	O
inappropriate	O
against	O
an	O
antigen	O
or	O
allergen	B-CHED
.	O

Antibodies	B-COMP
including	O
IgE	B-DISO
,	O
IgM	B-PRGE
,	O
and	O
IgG	B-PRGE
mediate	O
them	O
.[	O
1	O
]	O

In	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
we	O
reexamined	O
furin	B-ENZY
usage	O
by	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
using	O
a	O
real	O
-	O
time	O
PCR	O
-	O
based	O
virus	B-SPEC
cell	B-COMP
entry	O
assay	O
after	O
inhibition	B-PROC
of	O
cellular	B-COMP
proteases	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Transmissible	O
gastroenteritis	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
)	O
is	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
most	O
severe	O
threats	O
to	O
the	O
swine	B-SPEC
industry	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Elevated	O
plasma	B-ANAT
levels	O
of	O
TIMP	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
3	I-PRGE
are	O
associated	O
with	O
a	O
higher	O
risk	O
of	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
and	O
death	B-PROC
following	O
severe	O
isolated	O
traumatic	O
brain	B-ANAT
injury	O
.	O

TIMP	B-PRGE
-	O
3	O
was	O
significantly	O
higher	O
among	O
subjects	O
who	O
developed	O
ARDS	O
compared	O
with	O
those	O
who	O
did	O
not	O
(	O
median	O
2810	O
pg	O
/	O
mL	O
vs	O
.	O
2260	O
pg	O
/	O
mL	O
,	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
008	O
),	O
and	O
significantly	O
higher	O
among	O
subjects	O
who	O
died	B-PROC
than	O
among	O
those	O
who	O
survived	O
to	O
discharge	B-ANAT
(	O
median	O
2960	O
pg	O
/	O
mL	O
vs	O
.	O
2080	O
pg	O
/	O
mL	O
,	O
p	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
001	O
).	O

Our	O
findings	O
reveal	O
a	O
comprehensive	O
CD81	B-PRGE
network	I-PRGE
in	O
human	B-SPEC
liver	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
and	O
show	O
that	O
HCV	B-SPEC
and	O
Plasmodium	B-SPEC
highjack	O
selective	O
CD81	B-PRGE
interactions	O
,	O
including	O
CAPN5	B-PRGE
and	O
CBLB	B-PRGE
for	O
HCV	B-SPEC
,	O
to	O
invade	O
cells	B-COMP
.	O

However	O
,	O
they	O
have	O
not	O
been	O
previously	O
tested	O
as	O
ARDS	B-DISO
therapeutics	O
alone	O
or	O
in	O
combination	O
.	O

In	O
the	O
present	O
study	O
,	O
we	O
used	O
a	O
fatal	O
ARDS	B-DISO
mouse	B-SPEC
model	O
induced	O
via	O
administration	O
of	O
α	O
-	O
galactosylceramide	B-CHED
and	O
lipopolysaccharide	B-CHED
,	O
which	O
resulted	O
in	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
severe	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
with	O
hypercytokinemia	O
and	O
hemophagocytosis	O
,	O
all	O
of	O
which	O
were	O
observed	O
in	O
ARDS	B-DISO
patients	O
infected	O
with	O
highly	O
pathogenic	O
respiratory	O
viruses	B-SPEC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Yeşilbaş	O
O	O
,	O
Şevketoğlu	O
E	O
,	O
Kıhtır	O
HS	O
,	O
Hatipoğlu	O
N	O
,	O
Yıldırım	O
HM	O
,	O
Akyol	O
MB	O
,	O
Aktay	O
-	O
Ayaz	O
N	O
,	O
Gökçe	O
İ	O
.	O
Leptospirosis	O
in	O
a	O
child	O
with	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

Plasmapheresis	O
and	O
hemofiltration	O
should	O
be	O
considered	O
in	O
cases	O
of	O
severe	O
leptospirosis	B-DISO
with	O
multiorgan	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Aim	B-PRGE
of	O
our	O
study	O
was	O
assessment	O
of	O
developmental	O
outcome	O
of	O
neonates	O
with	O
respiratory	B-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
,	O
evaluation	O
of	O
the	O
impact	O
of	O
RDS	O
on	O
child	O
'	O
s	O
health	O
,	O
growth	B-PROC
and	O
neurodevelopment	B-PROC
at	O
2	O
years	O
of	O
age	O
.	O

We	O
assessed	O
the	O
health	O
status	O
,	O
physical	B-PROC
growth	I-PROC
and	O
development	O
of	O
children	O
at	O
mean	O
age	O
(	O
corrected	O
age	O
)	O
of	O
24	O
+	O
4	O
months	O
.	O

Growth	B-PROC
assessment	O
does	O
not	O
show	O
significant	O
difference	O
in	O
child	O
'	O
s	O
height	O
and	O
head	B-ANAT
circumference	O
,	O
while	O
the	O
percentage	O
of	O
children	O
with	O
underweight	O
according	O
corrected	O
age	O
was	O
more	O
evident	O
in	O
I	O
and	O
II	O
group	O
than	O
in	O
control	O
(	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
,	O
0401	O
).	O

We	O
found	O
that	O
premature	O
children	O
at	O
2	O
years	O
of	O
age	O
despite	O
RDS	O
have	O
lower	O
scores	O
comparing	O
to	O
term	O
newborns	O
in	O
fine	O
motor	O
and	O
language	O
development	B-PROC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
molecular	O
mechanisms	O
underlying	O
the	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
of	O
human	B-PRGE
coronavirus	I-PRGE
OC43	I-PRGE
(	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
OC43	I-SPEC
)	O
infection	B-DISO
are	O
poorly	O
understood	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Pediatric	O
trauma	O
-	O
associated	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
:	O
Incidence	O
,	O
risk	O
factors	O
,	O
and	O
outcomes	O
.	O

PT	O
-	O
ARDS	B-DISO
was	O
identified	O
in	O
0	O
.	O
5	O
%	O
(	O
2660	O
/	O
488	O
,	O
381	O
)	O
of	O
the	O
analysis	O
cohort	O
,	O
with	O
an	O
associated	O
mortality	O
of	O
18	O
.	O
6	O
%	O
(	O
494	O
/	O
2660	O
).	O

Timely	O
recognition	O
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
with	O
strict	O
adherence	O
to	O
protective	O
ventilation	O
strategy	O
of	O
lowering	O
V	O

TITLE	O
:	O
The	O
Antiviral	B-CHED
Effects	O
of	O
Na	O
,	O
K	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
ATPase	I-PRGE
Inhibition	B-PROC
:	O
A	O
Minireview	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
New	O
Approaches	O
to	O
Respiratory	O
Assist	O
:	O
Bioengineering	O
an	O
Ambulatory	O
,	O
Miniaturized	O
Bioartificial	O
Lung	B-ANAT
.	O

In	O
this	O
review	O
,	O
we	O
discuss	O
some	O
of	O
the	O
novel	O
concepts	O
and	O
critical	O
prerequisites	O
for	O
such	O
respiratory	O
lung	B-ANAT
assist	O
devices	O
that	O
can	O
be	O
used	O
with	O
an	O
adequate	O
safety	O
profile	O
,	O
in	O
the	O
intensive	O
care	O
setting	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
for	O
long	O
-	O
term	O
domiciliary	O
therapy	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
chronic	O
ventilatory	O
failure	O
.	O

The	O
patient	O
was	O
diagnosed	O
with	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
due	O
to	O
chlorine	B-CHED
gas	B-ENZY
exposure	O
.	O

HVHF	O
is	O
a	O
potential	O
method	O
for	O
improvement	O
of	O
chlorine	B-CHED
-	O
induced	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
and	O
worsening	O
hypoxemia	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
In	O
experimental	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
),	O
random	O
variation	O
of	O
tidal	O
volumes	O
(	O

To	O
provide	O
the	O
results	O
of	O
an	O
analysis	O
of	O
impacts	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
and	O
H7N9	O
based	O
on	O
feedback	O
from	O
documents	O
,	O
informants	O
,	O
and	O
focus	O
groups	O
on	O
events	O
during	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
and	O
H7N9	O
outbreaks	O
.	O

All	O
patients	O
with	O
influenza	B-DISO
>	O
18	O
-	O
years	O
-	O
old	O
hospitalized	O
to	O
the	O
ICU	O
department	O
of	O
Tunisian	O
University	O
hospital	O
of	O
Sousse	O
,	O
between	O
December	O
1	O
,	O
2009	O
and	O
March	O
31	O
,	O
2016	O
,	O
with	O
a	O
positive	O
influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
/	O
H1N1	O
/	O
09	O
reverse	B-ENZY
transcriptase	I-ENZY
polymerase	O
chain	O
reaction	O
(	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
)	O
from	O
a	O
nasopharyngeal	B-ANAT
specimen	O
were	O
included	O
,	O
were	O
included	O
.	O

The	O
rRT	O
-	O
PCR	O
results	O
were	O
positive	O
for	O
PDCoV	O
(	O
29	O
/	O
172	O
,	O
16	O
.	O
9	O
%),	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
(	O
36	O
/	O
172	O
,	O
20	O
.	O
9	O
%),	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
(	O
2	O
/	O
172	O
,	O
1	O
.	O
2	O
%),	O
and	O
coinfections	B-DISO
(	O
16	O
/	O
172	O
,	O
9	O
.	O
3	O
%).	O

Our	O
results	O
showed	O
that	O
depletion	O
of	O
cholesterol	B-CHED
from	O
cells	B-COMP
or	O
virions	B-COMP
by	O
treating	O
them	O
with	O
methyl	B-CHED
-	O
β	O
-	O
cyclodextrin	B-CHED
(	O
MβCD	O
)	O
diminished	O
PDCoV	O
infection	B-DISO
in	O
a	O
dose	O
-	O
dependent	O
manner	O
.	O

A	O
/	O
H1N1pdm09	O
viruses	B-SPEC
analyzed	O
by	O
gene	O
sequencing	O
fell	O
into	O
genetic	O
groups	O
6B	O
and	O
6B	O
.	O
1	O
;	O
A	O
/	O
H3N2	B-CHED
viruses	B-SPEC
belonged	O
to	O
genetic	O
subclades	O
3C	O
.	O
3b	O
,	O
3C	O
.	O
3a	O
,	O
3C	O
.	O
2a	O
and	O
3C	O
.	O
2a1	O
;	O
B	O
/	O
Yamagata	O
lineage	O
viruses	B-SPEC
were	O
of	O
clade	O
3	O
and	O
B	O
/	O
Victoria	B-SPEC
lineage	O
viruses	B-SPEC
fell	O
in	O
clade1A	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
32	O
%	O
(	O
397	O
/	O
1248	O
)	O
of	O
ILI	O
and	O
29	O
%	O
(	O
581	O
/	O
1997	O
)	O
of	O
SARI	O
patients	O
tested	O
were	O
positive	O
for	O
influenza	B-SPEC
viruses	I-SPEC
.	O

An	O
84	O
-	O
year	O
-	O
old	O
man	B-CHED
underwent	O
reperfusion	O
therapy	O
for	O
acute	O
left	B-ANAT
internal	I-ANAT
carotid	I-ANAT
artery	I-ANAT
occlusion	O
;	O
complete	O
reperfusion	O
was	O
achieved	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Immune	B-PROC
response	I-PROC
characterization	O
of	O
mice	B-SPEC
immunized	O
with	O
Lactobacillus	B-SPEC
plantarum	I-SPEC
expressing	O
spike	O
antigen	O
of	O
transmissible	O
gastroenteritis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
.	O

Although	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
has	O
had	O
a	O
consistently	O
high	O
mortality	O
rate	O
in	O
humans	B-SPEC
,	O
no	O
vaccines	O
have	O
been	O
approved	O
to	O
prevent	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
infection	B-DISO
in	O
humans	B-SPEC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Characterization	O
of	O
a	O
bafinivirus	B-SPEC
exoribonuclease	B-FUNC
activity	I-FUNC
.	O

The	O
374	O
-	O
residue	O
protein	B-CHED
displayed	O
robust	O
3	O
'-	O
to	O
-	O
5	O
'	O
exoribonuclease	B-FUNC
activity	I-FUNC
in	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
Mg	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Postpneumonectomy	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
failure	O
leading	O
to	O
invasive	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
carries	O
a	O
severe	O
prognosis	O
,	O
especially	O
when	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
develops	O
.	O

Among	O
the	O
543	O
patients	O
undergoing	O
pneumonectomy	O
,	O
89	O
(	O
16	O
.	O
4	O
%)	O
needed	O
reintubation	O
within	O
the	O
30th	O
postoperative	O
day	O
,	O
including	O
60	O
(	O
11	O
%)	O
who	O
developed	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

Operative	O
mortality	O
was	O
8	O
.	O
1	O
%	O
for	O
all	O
pneumonectomies	O
,	O
43	O
.	O
8	O
%	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
39	O
/	O
89	O
)	O
in	O
intubated	O
patients	O
,	O
and	O
56	O
.	O
7	O
%	O
(	O
34	O
/	O
60	O
)	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

Luxembourg	O
has	O
a	O
high	O
degree	O
of	O
habitat	O
fragmentation	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
hybridisation	B-PROC
rates	O
between	O
domestic	B-SPEC
cats	I-SPEC
and	O
wildcats	O
are	O
high	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Preparation	O
and	O
characterization	O
of	O
an	O
attenuated	O
porcine	B-SPEC
epidemic	I-SPEC
diarrhea	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
strain	O
by	O
serial	O
passaging	O
.	O

Piglets	O
orally	B-ANAT
fed	O
with	O
JS	O
-	O
2	O
/	O
2014	O
G90	O
showed	O
no	O
clinical	O
symptoms	O
,	O
and	O
no	O
virus	B-SPEC
was	O
detected	O
in	O
the	O
feces	B-ANAT
and	O
nasal	B-ANAT
fluid	I-ANAT
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
A	O
national	O
control	O
program	O
against	O
bovine	B-SPEC
respiratory	I-SPEC
syncytial	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
BRSV	B-SPEC
)	O
and	O
bovine	B-SPEC
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
BCV	B-SPEC
)	O
was	O
launched	O
in	O
Norway	O
in	O
2016	O
.	O

FIPVs	O
are	O
suggested	O
to	O
emerge	O
from	O
feline	B-SPEC
enteric	O
coronaviruses	O
(	O
FECVs	O
)	O
by	O
acquiring	O
mutations	O
in	O
specific	O
genes	O
in	O
the	O
course	O
of	O
persistent	O
infections	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Deletion	O
of	O
accessory	O
genes	O
3a	O
,	O
3b	O
,	O
5a	O
or	O
5b	O
from	O
avian	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
induces	O
an	O
attenuated	O
phenotype	O
both	O
in	O
vitro	O
and	O
in	O
vivo	O
.	O

In	O
vitro	O
inoculation	O
of	O
chicken	B-SPEC
embryo	B-ANAT
kidney	B-ANAT
cells	B-COMP
with	O
recombinant	O
and	O
wild	O
-	O
type	O
viruses	B-SPEC
demonstrated	O
that	O
the	O
accessory	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
5b	I-PRGE
is	O
involved	O
in	O
the	O
delayed	O
activation	O
of	O
the	O
interferon	B-PRGE
response	O
of	O
the	O
host	B-COMP
after	O
IBV	B-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
.	O

for	O
all	O
viruses	B-SPEC
,	O
while	O
growing	O
to	O
the	O
same	O
titre	O
as	O
wild	O
-	O
type	O
rIBV	O
at	O
48	O
h	O
p	O
.	O
i	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Promoting	O
remyelination	B-PROC
through	O
cell	B-COMP
transplantation	O
therapies	O
in	O
a	O
model	O
of	O
viral	O
-	O
induced	O
neurodegenerative	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
.	O

Infiltration	B-DISO
of	O
activated	O
lymphocytes	B-ANAT
and	O
myeloid	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
are	O
thought	O
to	O
be	O
primarily	O
responsible	O
for	O
white	B-ANAT
matter	I-ANAT
damage	O
and	O
axonopathy	O
.	O

In	O
recent	O
years	O
,	O
there	O
has	O
been	O
increasing	O
evidence	O
that	O
some	O
kinds	O
of	O
stem	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
and	O
their	O
derivatives	O
seem	O
to	O
be	O
able	O
to	O
mute	O
neuroinflammation	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
promote	O
remyelination	B-PROC
and	O
axonal	O
integrity	O
.	O

JHMV	O
-	O
infected	O
mice	B-SPEC
receiving	O
these	O
cells	B-COMP
display	O
extensive	O
remyelination	B-PROC
associated	O
with	O
axonal	O
sparing	O
.	O

The	O
impact	O
of	O
SG	O
formation	B-PROC
on	O
virus	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
varies	O
among	O
different	O
viruses	B-SPEC
,	O
and	O
the	O
significance	O
of	O
SGs	B-DISO
in	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
CoV	O
)	O
replication	O
is	O
largely	O
unknown	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Since	O
the	O
first	O
case	O
of	O
human	B-SPEC
avian	B-DISO
influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
(	O
H7N9	B-PATH
)	O
virus	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
in	O
2013	O
,	O
five	O
H7N9	B-PATH
epidemics	O
have	O
occurred	O
in	O
China	O
,	O
all	O
of	O
which	O
caused	O
severe	O
diseases	O
,	O
including	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
and	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
,	O
and	O
the	O
fatality	O
rates	O
of	O
these	O
epidemics	O
were	O
as	O
high	O
as	O
30	O
-	O
40	O
%.	O

However	O
,	O
when	O
we	O
immunized	O
the	O
mice	B-SPEC
with	O
two	O
doses	O
of	O
both	O
vaccines	O
separately	O
,	O
the	O
nasal	B-ANAT
spray	O
H7N9	O
vaccine	O
induced	O
higher	O
titers	O
of	O
anti	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
HA	I-PRGE
IgG	I-PRGE
(	O
19	O
.	O
26	O
±	O
0	O
.	O
67	O
vs	O
.	O
17	O
.	O
56	O
±	O
0	O
.	O
57	O
,	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
0001	O
)	O
and	O
anti	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
HA	I-PRGE
sIgA	I-PRGE
(	O
7	O
.	O
13	O
±	O
2	O
.	O
54	O
vs	O
.	O
4	O
.	O
02	O
±	O
0	O
.	O
33	O
,	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
0026	O
)	O
than	O
did	O
the	O
intramuscular	O
H7N9	O
vaccine	O
,	O
and	O
there	O
was	O
no	O
difference	O
in	O
HI	O
titer	O
between	O
the	O
two	O
groups	O
(	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
3745	O
).	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Conceptions	B-PROC
of	O
acute	O
public	O
health	O
events	O
typically	O
assume	O
that	O
they	O
are	O
tackled	O
exclusively	O
or	O
principally	O
through	O
technical	O
and	O
medical	O
solutions	O
.	O

Three	O
diverse	O
case	O
studies	O
are	O
interpreted	O
from	O
a	O
disaster	O
diplomacy	O
perspective	O
:	O
Cuba	O
'	O
s	O
medical	O
diplomacy	O
,	O
China	O
and	O
Severe	O
Acute	O
Respiratory	O
Syndrome	O
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
),	O
and	O
polio	B-DISO
vaccination	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Successful	O
treatment	O
of	O
canine	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
secondary	O
to	O
inhalant	O
toxin	O
exposure	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
A	O
mathematical	O
model	O
of	O
CO	O
ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Venovenous	O
extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenation	B-PROC
(	O
vv	O
-	O
ECMO	O
)	O
is	O
an	O
effective	O
treatment	O
for	O
severe	O
respiratory	O
failure	O
.	O

In	O
2014	O
,	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
re	O
-	O
emerged	O
in	O
many	O
European	O
countries	O
,	O
but	O
most	O
countries	O
only	O
reported	O
a	O
few	O
sporadic	O
cases	O
.	O

We	O
describe	O
our	O
experience	O
with	O
three	O
consecutive	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
supported	O
with	O
right	O
jugular	O
-	O
femoral	B-ANAT
configuration	O
of	O
venovenous	O
extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenation	B-PROC
without	O
therapeutic	O
anticoagulation	B-PROC
as	O
an	O
alternative	O
to	O
lung	B-ANAT
-	O
protective	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
.	O

During	O
extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenation	B-PROC
support	O
,	O
all	O
patients	O
were	O
able	O
to	O
maintain	O
a	O
normal	O
respiratory	O
rate	O
and	O
experienced	O
steady	O
improvements	O
in	O
vital	B-PROC
capacities	I-PROC
.	O

Our	O
results	O
suggest	O
that	O
venovenous	O
extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenation	B-PROC
can	O
provide	O
a	O
safe	O
and	O
effective	O
alternative	O
to	O
lung	B-ANAT
-	O
protective	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
in	O
carefully	O
selected	O
patients	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
IBV	B-SPEC
)	O
causes	O
a	O
highly	O
contagious	O
respiratory	O
,	O
reproductive	B-PROC
and	O
urogenital	B-ANAT
tract	I-ANAT
disease	O
in	O
chickens	B-SPEC
worldwide	O
,	O
resulting	O
in	O
substantial	O
economic	O
losses	O
for	O
the	O
poultry	O
industry	O
.	O

Retrospective	O
chart	O
review	O
of	O
all	O
lung	B-ANAT
transplant	B-ANAT
recipients	O
who	O
were	O
admitted	O
with	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
to	O
the	O
MICU	O
from	O
January	O
2009	O
-	O
August	O
2016	O
was	O
completed	O
.	O

Out	O
of	O
14	O
compounds	O
,	O
4	O
showed	O
potent	O
inhibition	B-PROC
of	O
HIV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
1	I-SPEC
RT	O
activity	O
at	O
significantly	O
low	O
concentration	O
.	O

Next	O
,	O
a	O
pathogenic	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
isolate	O
was	O
used	O
to	O
inoculate	O
49	O
.	O
5	O
kg	O
of	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
-	O
free	O
feed	O
to	O
form	O
the	O
positive	O
control	O
.	O

Bioassay	O
was	O
conducted	O
using	O
66	O
mixed	O
sex	O
10	O
-	O
d	O
-	O
old	O
pigs	B-SPEC
confirmed	O
negative	O
for	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
allocated	O
to	O
22	O
different	O
rooms	O
.	O

One	O
replicate	O
of	O
pigs	B-SPEC
from	O
mixer	O
sequence	O
1	O
was	O
rRT	O
-	O
PCR	O
positive	O
(	O
3	O
/	O
3	O
)	O
by	O
7	O
dpi	O
.	O

Therefore	O
,	O
a	O
sequencing	O
protocol	O
can	O
reduce	O
but	O
not	O
eliminate	O
the	O
risk	O
of	O
producing	O
infectious	B-DISO
PEDV	B-SPEC
carryover	O
from	O
the	O
first	O
sequenced	O
batch	O
of	O
feed	O
.	O

The	O
selected	O
VHHs	O
bind	B-FUNC
with	O
exceptionally	O
high	O
affinity	O
to	O
the	O
receptor	B-FUNC
binding	I-FUNC
domain	O
of	O
the	O
viral	O
spike	O
protein	B-CHED
.	O

Among	O
these	O
seven	O
synthesized	O
compounds	O
,	O
linear	O
reniochalistatin	O
B	O
was	O
found	O
to	O
have	O
potent	O
activity	O
against	O
several	O
cancer	B-ANAT
cell	B-COMP
lines	O
not	O
shown	O
by	O
the	O
cyclic	O
reniochalistatin	O
B	O
counterpart	O
.	O

39	O
patients	O
died	B-PROC
,	O
with	O
a	O
75	O
%	O
case	O
-	O
fatality	O
rate	O
.	O

The	O
complex	O
structure	O
shows	O
that	O
only	O
one	O
receptor	O
-	O
binding	B-FUNC
domain	O
of	O
the	O
trimeric	B-PRGE
S	I-PRGE
glycoprotein	I-PRGE
binds	B-FUNC
ACE2	B-PRGE
and	O
adopts	O
a	O
protruding	B-DISO
""""	O
up	O
""""	O
conformation	O
.	O

Structural	O
comparisons	O
suggested	O
that	O
the	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
S	I-PRGE
glycoprotein	B-CHED
retains	O
a	O
prefusion	O
architecture	O
after	O
trypsin	B-PRGE
cleavage	B-PROC
into	O
the	O
S1	O
and	O
S2	O
subunits	O
and	O
acidic	O
pH	O
treatment	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Porcine	O
epidemic	O
diarrhea	O
virus	O
(	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
),	O
which	O
re	O
-	O
emerged	O
in	O
China	O
in	O
October	O
2010	O
,	O
has	O
spread	O
rapidly	O
worldwide	O
.	O

Detailed	O
analyses	O
of	O
the	O
complete	O
genomes	O
of	O
different	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
strains	O
are	O
essential	O
to	O
understand	O
the	O
relationships	O
among	O
re	O
-	O
emerging	O
and	O
historic	O
strains	O
worldwide	O
.	O

This	O
study	O
has	O
significant	O
implications	O
for	O
understanding	O
ongoing	O
global	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
outbreaks	O
and	O
will	O
guide	O
future	O
efforts	O
to	O
develop	O
effective	O
preventative	O
measures	O
against	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
.	O

The	O
BRDC	O
and	O
BED	B-DISO
multiplex	O
PCR	O
-	O
microarray	O
-	O
assays	O
developed	O
in	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
with	O
further	O
clinical	O
validation	O
,	O
could	O
be	O
used	O
in	O
veterinary	O
diagnostic	O
laboratories	O
for	O
the	O
rapid	O
and	O
simultaneous	O
identification	O
of	O
pathogens	O
to	O
facilitate	O
quick	O
and	O
accurate	O
decision	O
making	O
for	O
the	O
control	O
and	O
treatment	O
of	O
these	O
two	O
economically	O
important	O
disease	O
complexes	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Cerebral	B-ANAT
toxoplasmosis	B-PATH
in	O
a	O
cat	B-SPEC
with	O
feline	B-DISO
leukemia	I-DISO
and	O
feline	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
peritonitis	I-DISO
viral	B-PROC
infections	I-PROC
.	O

Hypoxemia	O
was	O
defined	O
as	O
a	O
PaO	B-PROC
Of	O
1604	O
patients	O
included	O
,	O
859	O
(	O
54	O
%,	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
51	O
-	O
56	O
%)	O
were	O
hypoxemic	O
,	O
51	O
%	O
with	O
mild	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
440	O
),	O
40	O
%	O
with	O
moderate	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
345	O
),	O
and	O
9	O
%	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
74	O
)	O
with	O
severe	O
hypoxemia	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Lack	O
of	O
serological	O
evidence	O
of	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
in	O
virus	B-SPEC
exposed	O
camel	B-SPEC
abattoir	O
workers	O
in	O
Nigeria	O
,	O
2016	O
.	O

Passaging	O
virus	B-SPEC
on	O
cells	B-COMP
expressing	O
this	O
DPP4	B-PRGE
variant	O
led	O
to	O
accumulation	O
of	O
mutations	O
in	O
the	O
viral	O
spike	O
which	O
increased	O
replication	O
.	O

Parallel	O
passages	O
revealed	O
distinct	O
paths	O
of	O
viral	O
adaptation	B-PROC
to	O
the	O
same	O
DPP4	B-PRGE
variant	O
.	O

Structural	O
analysis	O
and	O
functional	O
assays	O
showed	O
that	O
these	O
mutations	O
enhanced	O
viral	O
entry	O
with	O
suboptimal	O
DPP4	B-PRGE
by	O
altering	O
the	O
surface	O
charge	O
of	O
spike	O
.	O

This	O
article	O
presents	O
a	O
clinical	O
case	O
of	O
antisynthetase	B-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
with	O
severe	O
ARDS	B-DISO
successfully	O
treated	O
with	O
immunosuppressive	B-CHED
agents	I-CHED
and	O
ECMO	O
.	O

Discouraging	O
survival	O
rates	O
in	O
patients	O
treated	O
after	O
allo	O
-	O
SCT	B-DISO
do	O
not	O
support	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
ECMO	O
for	O
ARDS	B-DISO
in	O
this	O
patient	O
subgroup	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Peyer	B-ANAT
'	I-ANAT
s	I-ANAT
patches	I-ANAT
(	O
PPs	B-DISO
)	O
can	O
be	O
considered	O
as	O
the	O
immune	O
site	O
of	O
the	O
intestine	B-ANAT
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Ventilation	O
control	O
for	O
airborne	O
transmission	O
of	O
human	B-SPEC
exhaled	B-PROC
bio	O
-	O
aerosols	O
in	O
buildings	O
.	O

In	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
the	O
aim	O
was	O
to	O
establish	O
two	O
ELISA	O
systems	O
for	O
detecting	O
antigens	B-CHED
and	O
antibodies	B-COMP
against	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
.	O
Using	O
a	O
recombinant	O
full	O
-	O
length	O
S	O
protein	B-CHED
,	O
an	O
indirect	O
ELISA	O
was	O
developed	O
and	O
found	O
to	O
detect	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
-	O
specific	O
antibodies	B-COMP
in	O
animal	B-SPEC
sera	B-COMP
and	O
sera	B-COMP
of	O
patient	O
with	O
MERS	O
.	O

Injury	O
characteristics	O
included	O
firearm	O
injuries	O
(	O
relative	O
risk	O
1	O
.	O
93	O
;	O
1	O
.	O
50	O
-	O
2	O
.	O
48	O
)	O
and	O
motor	O
vehicle	O
crashes	O
(	O
relative	O
risk	O
,	O
1	O
.	O
91	O
;	O
1	O
.	O
57	O
-	O
2	O
.	O
31	O
)	O
relative	O
to	O
falls	O
;	O
spine	O
(	O
relative	O
risk	O
,	O
1	O
.	O
39	O
;	O
1	O
.	O
20	O
-	O
1	O
.	O
60	O
),	O
chest	B-ANAT
(	O
relative	O
risk	O
,	O
1	O
.	O
36	O
;	O
1	O
.	O
22	O
-	O
1	O
.	O
52	O
),	O
or	O
lower	B-ANAT
extremity	I-ANAT
injuries	O
(	O
relative	O
risk	O
,	O
1	O
.	O
26	O
;	O
1	O
.	O
10	O
-	O
1	O
.	O
44	O
);	O
amputations	O
(	O
relative	O
risk	O
,	O
2	O
.	O
10	O
;	O
1	O
.	O
51	O
-	O
2	O
.	O
91	O
);	O
and	O
more	O
severe	O
injury	O
(	O
relative	O
risk	O
,	O
3	O
.	O
69	O
for	O
Injury	O
Severity	O
Score	O
40	O
-	O
75	O
vs	O
1	O
-	O
8	O
;	O
2	O
.	O
50	O
-	O
5	O
.	O
44	O
).	O

We	O
provide	O
the	O
first	O
description	O
of	O
the	O
incidence	O
of	O
and	O
risk	O
factors	O
for	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
among	O
pediatric	O
trauma	O
patients	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Interhospital	O
transport	B-PROC
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
patients	O
on	O
extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenation	B-PROC
.	O

Transporting	O
ARDS	B-DISO
patients	O
to	O
ECMO	O
centers	O
for	O
treatment	O
can	O
be	O
dangerous	O
because	O
of	O
the	O
risk	O
of	O
hypoxemia	O
during	O
transport	B-PROC
.	O

This	O
raises	O
the	O
question	O
if	O
ECMO	O
should	O
not	O
be	O
already	O
initiated	O
in	O
the	O
transferring	O
hospital	O
before	O
transport	B-PROC
.	O

No	O
patient	O
died	O
during	O
transport	B-PROC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Molecular	O
characterization	O
of	O
whole	O
genome	O
sequence	O
of	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
624I	O
genotype	O
confirms	O
the	O
close	O
relationship	O
with	O
Q1	O
genotype	O
.	O

During	O
2015	O
⁻	O
2016	O
,	O
a	O
total	O
of	O
27	O
egg	B-ANAT
layer	B-ANAT
flocks	O
were	O
screened	O
in	O
AB	O
(	O

The	O
model	O
of	O
FVH	O
was	O
established	O
by	O
intraperitoneal	O
injection	O
of	O
MHV	B-SPEC
-	O
3	O
into	O
Balb	O
/	O
cJ	O
mice	B-SPEC
.	O

Antemortem	O
evaluation	O
revealed	O
severe	O
neurologic	B-DISO
signs	I-DISO
,	O
including	O
disorientation	B-DISO
,	O
torticollis	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
opisthotonos	B-DISO
.	O

Based	O
on	O
sequencing	O
analysis	O
,	O
the	O
IBV	B-SPEC
appeared	O
99	O
%	O
homologous	O
to	O
strain	O
CA1737	O
.	O

ER	O
stress	O
signal	O
responses	O
to	O
mechanical	O
stretch	O
were	O
studied	O
in	O
ex	O
-	O
vivo	O
ventilated	O
pig	O
lungs	B-ANAT
.	O

The	O
Nsp7	O
/	O
Nsp8	O
complex	O
displays	O
a	O
higher	O
binding	B-FUNC
affinity	O
for	O
Nsp15	O
.	O

While	O
the	O
two	O
proteins	B-CHED
display	O
strong	O
structural	O
conservation	O
and	O
the	O
mechanisms	O
underlying	O
membrane	B-PROC
fusion	I-PROC
are	O
similar	O
,	O
they	O
share	O
no	O
sequence	O
similarity	O
.	O

Treatment	O
with	O
endocytosis	B-PATH
inhibitors	B-CHED
did	O
not	O
affect	O
syncytium	B-PROC
formation	I-PROC
by	O
infected	O
cells	B-COMP
.	O

It	O
can	O
cause	O
extreme	O
dehydration	B-DISO
and	O
death	B-PROC
in	O
neonatal	O
piglets	O
.	O

In	O
Asia	O
,	O
modified	O
live	O
attenuated	O
vaccines	O
have	O
been	O
used	O
to	O
control	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
in	O
recent	O
years	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
In	O
pregnancy	O
,	O
infection	B-DISO
with	O
H1N1	B-DISO
influenza	I-DISO
virus	O
may	O
produce	O
symptoms	O
similar	O
to	O
infection	B-DISO
with	O
seasonal	O
influenza	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
.	O

Patients	O
may	O
rarely	O
come	O
with	O
a	O
clinical	O
condition	B-DISO
causing	O
severe	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
and	O
death	B-PROC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Human	B-SPEC
Parainfluenzaviruses	O
(	O
PIVs	O
)	O
account	O
for	O
a	O
significant	O
proportion	O
of	O
viral	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
infections	I-DISO
(	O
ARIs	O
)	O
in	O
children	O
,	O
and	O
are	O
also	O
associated	O
with	O
morbidity	O
and	O
mortality	O
in	O
adults	O
,	O
including	O
nosocomial	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
.	O

Between	O
December	O
2016	O
and	O
December	O
2017	O
,	O
6121	O
samples	O
were	O
collected	O
,	O
and	O
submitted	O
to	O
viral	O
culture	O
and	O
genomic	O
quantification	O
,	O
specifically	O
Parainfluenza	B-DISO
1	O
-	O
4	O
(	O
PIV1	O
-	O
4	O
),	O
Influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
and	O
B	O
,	O
Respiratory	B-SPEC
Syncytial	I-SPEC
Virus	I-SPEC
(	O
RSV	B-SPEC
)	O
A	O
and	O
B	O
,	O
Adenovirus	B-DISO
,	O
Metapneumovirus	B-SPEC
,	O
Coronavirus	B-SPEC
,	O
Rhinovirus	B-SPEC
,	O
and	O
Enterovirus	B-SPEC
.	O

MERS	O
was	O
caused	O
by	O
a	O
virus	B-SPEC
that	O
was	O
originally	O
called	O
human	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
-	O
Erasmus	O
Medical	O
Center	O
/	O
2012	O
but	O
was	O
later	O
renamed	O
as	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
).	O

MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
causes	O
high	O
fever	B-PROC
,	O
cough	B-DISO
,	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
tract	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
,	O
and	O
multiorgan	O
dysfunction	O
that	O
may	O
eventually	O
lead	O
to	O
the	O
death	B-PROC
of	O
the	O
infected	O
individuals	O
.	O

Recent	O
studies	O
on	O
Middle	O
Eastern	O
respiratory	O
continue	O
to	O
highlight	O
the	O
need	O
for	O
further	O
understanding	O
the	O
virus	O
-	O
host	B-COMP
interactions	O
that	O
govern	O
disease	O
severity	O
and	O
infection	B-DISO
outcome	O
.	O

Quantitative	O
real	O
-	O
time	O
reverse	O
-	O
transcriptase	B-PROC
polymerase	O
chain	O
reaction	O
(	O
rRT	O
-	O
PCR	O
)	O
was	O
applied	O
on	O
the	O
collected	O
tracheal	O
swabs	O
for	O
detecting	O
RNA	O
copies	O
of	O
H9N2	B-PRGE
AIV	I-PRGE
.	O

It	O
has	O
been	O
utilised	O
as	O
a	O
viral	O
vector	O
to	O
develop	O
many	O
vaccines	O
against	O
cancer	B-DISO
and	O
infectious	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
such	O
as	O
malaria	B-PATH
,	O
HIV	B-DISO
/	I-DISO
AIDS	I-DISO
,	O
influenza	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
tuberculosis	B-PATH
,	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
,	O
and	O
Ebola	B-DISO
virus	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
.	O

There	O
is	O
accumulating	O
data	O
from	O
many	O
preclinical	O
and	O
clinical	O
studies	O
that	O
highlights	O
the	O
excellent	O
safety	O
and	O
immunogenicity	O
of	O
MVA	B-CHED
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
global	O
community	O
continues	O
to	O
incur	O
the	O
high	O
costs	O
of	O
crisis	O
mitigation	O
and	O
emergency	B-DISO
response	O
to	O
outbreaks	O
of	O
emerging	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
,	O
such	O
as	O
those	O
caused	O
by	O
the	O
H5N1	B-DISO
highly	O
pathogenic	O
avian	B-SPEC
influenza	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
,	O
Ebola	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
,	O
Nipah	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
,	O
Zika	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
or	O
the	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
.	O

These	O
signals	O
include	O
trade	O
bans	O
,	O
market	O
closures	O
,	O
civil	O
unrest	B-DISO
,	O
heavy	O
rains	O
and	O
droughts	O
associated	O
with	O
climate	O
change	O
,	O
and	O
livestock	O
intensification	O
or	O
changes	O
in	O
consumer	O
behaviour	B-PROC
.	O

The	O
goal	O
of	O
the	O
Food	O
and	O
Agriculture	O
Organization	O
of	O
the	O
United	O
Nations	O
(	O
FAO	O
)	O
is	O
to	O
end	O
hunger	B-DISO
and	O
poverty	O
,	O
which	O
is	O
a	O
challenging	O
and	O
complex	O
task	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Tracheal	O
swabs	O
and	O
different	O
organs	O
are	O
collected	O
from	O
17	O
chicken	B-SPEC
farms	O
showing	O
respiratory	O
signs	O
and	O
variable	O
mortalities	O
in	O
different	O
governorates	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
IBV	B-SPEC
S78	O
and	O
IBV	B-SPEC
S82	O
are	O
related	O
to	O
Egyptian	O
variant	O
2	O
IBV	B-SPEC
strains	O
Ck	O
/	O
Eg	O
/	O
BSU	O
-	O
2	O
/	O
2011	O
and	O
Ck	O
/	O
Eg	O
/	O
BSU	O
-	O
3	O
/	O
201	O
1	O
.	O
These	O
results	O
indicate	O
the	O
continuous	O
evolution	B-PROC
of	O
Egyptian	O
IBV	B-SPEC
circulating	O
in	O
chickens	B-SPEC
despite	O
vaccination	O
using	O
H120	O
live	O
attenuated	O
vaccine	O
.	O

The	O
2017	O
literature	O
concerning	O
public	O
health	O
and	O
epidemiology	O
informatics	O
was	O
searched	O
in	O
PubMed	O
and	O
Web	B-DISO
of	O
Science	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
returned	O
references	O
were	O
reviewed	O
by	O
the	O
two	O
section	O
editors	O
to	O
select	O
14	O
candidate	O
best	O
papers	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Nucleic	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
of	O
at	O
least	O
one	O
respiratory	O
virus	B-SPEC
was	O
detected	O
in	O
9	O
out	O
of	O
90	O
(	O
10	O
%)	O
surface	O
samples	O
,	O
including	O
:	O
a	O
plastic	O
toy	O
dog	B-SPEC
in	O
the	O
children	O
'	O
s	O
playground	O
(	O
2	O
/	O
3	O
swabs	O
,	O
67	O
%);	O
hand	O
-	O
carried	O
luggage	O
trays	O
at	O
the	O
security	O
check	O
area	O
(	O
4	O
/	O
8	O
,	O
50	O
%);	O
the	O
buttons	O
of	O
the	O
payment	O
terminal	O
at	O
the	O
pharmacy	O
(	O
1	O
/	O
2	O
,	O
50	O
%);	O
the	O
handrails	O
of	O
stairs	O
(	O
1	O
/	O
7	O
,	O
14	O
%);	O
and	O
the	O
passenger	O
side	O
desk	O
and	O
divider	O
glass	O
at	O
a	O
passport	O
control	O
point	O
(	O
1	O
/	O
3	O
,	O
33	O
%).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Screening	O
for	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
among	O
febrile	B-PROC
Indonesian	O
Hajj	O
pilgrims	O
:	O
A	O
study	O
on	O
28	O
,	O
197	O
returning	O
pilgrims	O
.	O

Fifteen	O
pilgrims	O
had	O
fever	B-PROC
(>	O
38	O
°	O
C	O
)	O
accompanied	O
by	O
respiratory	B-DISO
symptoms	I-DISO
;	O
of	O
these	O
,	O
12	O
patients	O
were	O
diagnosed	O
with	O
upper	O
and	O
lower	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
tract	I-DISO
infections	I-DISO
and	O
three	O
patients	O
with	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
A	O
Rare	O
Axonal	O
Variant	O
of	O
Guillain	O
-	O
Barré	O
Syndrome	B-DISO
following	O
Elective	O
Spinal	O
Surgery	O
.	O

Although	O
rare	O
,	O
GBS	B-DISO
has	O
been	O
reported	O
as	O
a	O
complication	B-DISO
of	O
surgery	O
.	O

Because	O
of	O
its	O
risk	O
of	O
significant	O
morbidity	O
and	O
mortality	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
similar	O
presentation	O
to	O
more	O
common	O
spinal	O
postoperative	O
complications	O
,	O
GBS	B-DISO
should	O
always	O
be	O
included	O
in	O
the	O
differential	O
diagnosis	O
whenever	O
motor	O
or	O
sensory	O
weakness	B-DISO
is	O
observed	O
after	O
spinal	O
surgery	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Management	O
of	O
Acute	O
Complications	O
of	O
Targeted	B-PROC
Therapy	O
in	O
Patients	O
With	O
Cancer	B-DISO
:	O
A	O
Review	O
of	O
Cases	O
Managed	O
in	O
ICU	O
.	O

The	O
main	O
gastrointestinal	O
side	O
effects	O
are	O
fulminant	B-DISO
hepatitis	I-DISO
that	O
may	O
be	O
fatal	O
,	O
colitis	B-DISO
that	O
may	O
be	O
complicated	O
by	O
hemorrhage	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
perforation	O
.	O

Remarkably	O
,	O
4	O
mAbs	O
(	O
designed	O
2G8	O
,	O
2B11	O
,	O
3D9	O
,	O
1E3	O
)	O
neutralized	O
virus	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
potently	O
,	O
of	O
which	O
2B11	O
and	O
1E3	O
targeted	B-PROC
the	O
conformational	O
epitope	B-CHED
of	O
the	O
PEDV	B-PRGE
S	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
We	O
identified	O
10	O
monoclonal	O
antibodies	B-COMP
using	O
hybridoma	B-ANAT
technology	O
.	O

The	O
new	O
teicoplanin	O
pseudoaglycon	O
-	O
derived	O
lipoglycopeptides	O
were	O
prepared	O
by	O
coupling	O
one	O
or	O
two	O
side	O
chains	O
to	O
the	O
N	O
-	O
terminus	O
of	O
the	O
glycopeptide	B-CHED
core	O
,	O
using	O
various	O
conjugation	B-PROC
methods	O
.	O

This	O
study	O
is	O
the	O
first	O
retrospective	O
investigation	O
for	O
SADS	O
-	O
CoV	O
and	O
provides	O
the	O
epidemiological	O
information	O
of	O
this	O
new	O
virus	B-SPEC
in	O
China	O
,	O
which	O
highlights	O
the	O
urgency	O
to	O
develop	O
effective	O
measures	O
to	O
control	O
SADS	O
-	O
CoV	O
.	O

We	O
present	O
a	O
new	O
case	O
of	O
this	O
syndrome	B-DISO
,	O
caused	O
by	O
a	O
mutation	O
not	O
previously	O
described	O
.	O

A	O
full	O
term	O
infant	O
presented	O
with	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
and	O
generalized	B-DISO
weakness	I-DISO
.	O

The	O
genetic	O
analysis	O
revealed	O
the	O
patient	O
to	O
be	O
compound	O
heterozygous	O
for	O
a	O
new	B-DISO
mutation	I-DISO
of	O
the	O
SCL5A7	B-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
.	O

This	O
study	O
aimed	O
to	O
investigate	O
HPV	O
infection	B-DISO
of	O
the	O
external	B-ANAT
genitalia	I-ANAT
in	O
men	O
whose	O
female	O
partners	O
have	O
cervical	B-ANAT
HPV	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

We	O
obtained	O
samples	O
with	O
nylon	O
swabs	O
from	O
the	O
glans	B-ANAT
penis	I-ANAT
,	O
corona	B-CHED
,	O
inner	O
layer	B-ANAT
of	O
the	O
prepuce	B-ANAT
and	O
penile	B-ANAT
body	I-ANAT
and	O
detected	O
different	O
types	O
of	O
HPV	O
infection	B-DISO
using	O
the	O
Hybribio	O
HPV	O
typing	O
kit	B-FUNC
,	O
PCR	O
and	O
membrane	B-COMP
hybridization	B-PROC
.	O

A	O
descriptive	O
study	O
was	O
carried	O
out	O
on	O
159	O
adult	O
burn	O
patients	O
with	O
burn	O
extent	O
≥	O
20	O
%	O
total	B-ANAT
body	I-ANAT
surface	I-ANAT
area	O
,	O
treated	O
at	O
the	O
Burn	O
Intensive	O
Care	O
Unit	O
,	O
National	O
Institute	O
of	O
Burns	O
.	O

Risk	O
factors	O
for	O
developing	O
ARDS	B-DISO
and	O
outcome	O
were	O
recorded	O
and	O
analyzed	O
.	O

Results	O
showed	O
that	O
45	O
patients	O
developed	O
ARDS	B-DISO
(	O
28	O
.	O
3	O
%).	O

This	O
assay	O
will	O
be	O
a	O
useful	O
tool	O
for	O
quality	O
control	O
and	O
environmental	O
monitoring	O
for	O
dogs	B-SPEC
used	O
as	O
laboratory	O
animals	B-SPEC
,	O
may	O
even	O
be	O
applied	O
in	O
laboratory	O
epidemiological	O
investigations	O
.	O

Viral	O
CAP	B-DISO
and	O
mixed	O
CAP	B-DISO
were	O
not	O
independent	O
factors	O
for	O
death	B-PROC
.	O

Nowadays	O
,	O
they	O
are	O
easily	O
transmitted	B-DISO
among	O
the	O
continents	O
via	O
vehicles	O
,	O
equipment	O
,	O
and	O
cargo	O
.	O

Patients	O
were	O
followed	O
up	O
for	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
within	O
7	O
days	O
(	O
primary	O
outcome	O
).	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Virus	B-SPEC
like	O
particles	O
(	O
VLPs	B-ANAT
)	O
produced	O
by	O
the	O
expression	B-PROC
of	O
viral	O
structural	O
proteins	B-CHED
can	O
serve	O
as	O
versatile	O
nanovectors	O
or	O
potential	O
vaccine	O
candidates	O
.	O

In	O
this	O
study	O
we	O
describe	O
for	O
the	O
first	O
time	O
the	O
generation	O
of	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
NL63	I-SPEC
VLPs	B-ANAT
using	O
baculovirus	B-SPEC
system	O
.	O

Production	O
of	O
a	O
specific	O
delivery	O
vector	O
is	O
a	O
major	O
challenge	O
for	O
research	O
concerning	O
targeting	B-PROC
molecules	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Clinical	O
and	O
Epidemiologic	O
Patterns	O
of	O
Chikungunya	B-DISO
Virus	I-DISO
Infection	I-DISO
and	O
Coincident	O
Arboviral	B-DISO
Disease	I-DISO
in	O
a	O
School	O
Cohort	O
in	O
Haiti	O
,	O
2014	O
-	O
2015	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
In	O
host	B-COMP
innate	B-PROC
immunity	I-PROC
,	O
type	B-PRGE
I	I-PRGE
interferons	I-PRGE
(	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
I	I-PRGE
)	O
are	O
major	O
antiviral	B-CHED
molecules	O
,	O
and	O
coronaviruses	O
have	O
evolved	O
diverse	O
strategies	O
to	O
counter	B-CHED
the	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
I	I-PRGE
response	O
during	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

While	O
previously	O
implicated	O
in	O
a	O
non	O
-	O
inflammatory	O
apoptotic	B-PROC
cell	I-PROC
death	I-PROC
pathway	B-PROC
,	O
here	O
we	O
extend	O
the	O
range	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
3a	O
pathophysiologic	O
targets	O
by	O
examining	O
its	O
effects	O
on	O
necrotic	B-PROC
cell	I-PROC
death	I-PROC
pathways	B-PROC
.	O

Consequently	O
,	O
Transcription	B-PRGE
Factor	I-PRGE
EB	I-PRGE
(	O
TFEB	B-PRGE
)	O
translocates	O
to	O
the	O
nucleus	B-COMP
increasing	O
the	O
transcription	B-PROC
of	O
autophagy	B-PROC
-	O
and	O
lysosome	B-COMP
-	O
related	O
genes	O
.	O

In	O
summary	O
,	O
Rip3	B-PRGE
-	O
mediated	O
oligomerization	O
of	O
SARS	B-PRGE
3a	I-PRGE
causes	O
necrotic	B-PROC
cell	I-PROC
death	I-PROC
,	O
lysosomal	B-ANAT
damage	O
,	O
and	O
caspase	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
activation	O
-	O
all	O
likely	O
contributing	O
to	O
the	O
clinical	O
manifestations	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
CoV	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
.	O

Researchers	O
can	O
use	O
cpsRNAs	O
to	O
study	O
the	O
infection	B-DISO
or	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
of	O
pathogenic	O
viruses	B-SPEC
when	O
these	O
viruses	B-SPEC
are	O
not	O
available	O
.	O

The	O
discovery	O
of	O
psRNAs	O
and	O
cpsRNAs	O
,	O
as	O
a	O
novel	O
class	B-SPEC
of	O
small	O
RNAs	O
,	O
also	O
inspire	O
researchers	O
to	O
investigate	O
DNA	O
palindromes	O
and	O
DNA	O
complemented	O
palindromes	O
with	O
lengths	O
of	O
psRNAs	O
and	O
cpsRNAs	O
in	O
viral	O
genomes	O
.	O

He	O
developed	O
a	O
fever	B-PROC
of	O
39	O
°	O
C	O
with	O
respiratory	B-DISO
distress	I-DISO
and	O
was	O
transported	O
by	O
ambulance	O
to	O
his	O
usual	O
doctor	O
.	O

Chest	B-ANAT
computed	O
tomography	O
(	O
CT	O
)	O
on	O
arrival	O
showed	O
ground	O
glass	O
opacity	B-DISO
(	O
GGO	O
)	O
in	O
the	O
bilateral	O
lungs	B-ANAT
with	O
emphysematous	O
change	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Severe	O
acute	B-DISO
pancreatitis	I-DISO
is	O
a	O
highly	O
lethal	O
disease	O
caused	O
by	O
systemic	B-DISO
inflammatory	I-DISO
response	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
,	O
leading	O
to	O
multiple	B-DISO
organ	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
.	O

Inhibition	B-PROC
of	O
coiled	O
coil	O
-	O
mediated	O
interactions	O
using	O
bioactive	O
peptides	B-CHED
that	O
replicate	O
an	O
α	O
-	O
helical	O
chain	O
from	O
the	O
viral	O
fusion	O
machinery	O
has	O
significant	O
antiviral	B-CHED
potential	O
.	O

Here	O
,	O
we	O
present	O
the	O
construction	O
of	O
a	O
series	O
of	O
lipopeptides	B-CHED
composed	O
of	O
a	O
de	O
novo	O
heptad	O
repeat	O
sequence	O
-	O
based	O
α	O
-	O
helical	O
peptide	B-CHED
plus	O
a	O
hydrocarbon	B-CHED
tail	O
.	O

Together	O
,	O
these	O
findings	O
reveal	O
a	O
new	O
strategy	O
for	O
relatively	O
broad	O
-	O
spectrum	O
antiviral	B-CHED
drug	I-CHED
discovery	O
by	O
relying	O
on	O
the	O
tunability	O
of	O
the	O
α	O
-	O
helical	O
coiled	O
-	O
coil	O
domains	O
present	O
in	O
all	O
class	O
I	O
fusion	O
proteins	B-CHED
and	O
the	O
amphiphilic	O
nature	O
of	O
the	O
individual	O
helices	B-SPEC
from	O
this	O
multihelix	O
motif	O
.	O

The	O
full	O
-	O
length	O
genomes	O
of	O
viruses	B-SPEC
from	O
egg	B-ANAT
passages	O
1	O
,	O
20	O
,	O
40	O
,	O
and	O
60	O
were	O
sequenced	O
using	O
the	O
Illumina	O
platform	O
and	O
the	O
data	O
showed	O
single	O
nucleotide	B-CHED
polymorphisms	B-PROC
(	O
SNPs	O
)	O
had	O
accumulated	O
in	O
regions	O
of	O
the	O
genome	O
associated	O
with	O
viral	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
,	O
pathogenicity	O
,	O
and	O
cell	B-COMP
tropism	B-PROC
.	O

The	O
aim	O
of	O
our	O
study	O
was	O
to	O
evaluate	O
the	O
efficacy	O
of	O
lung	B-ANAT
ultrasound	O
in	O
out	O
-	O
of	O
-	O
hospital	O
non	O
-	O
traumatic	O
respiratory	B-DISO
insufficiency	I-DISO
.	O

Here	O
,	O
the	O
complete	O
fusion	O
-	O
core	O
structure	O
of	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
229E	I-SPEC
has	O
been	O
determined	O
at	O
1	O
.	O
86	O
Å	O
resolution	O
,	O
representing	O
the	O
most	O
complete	O
post	O
-	O
fusion	O
conformation	O
thus	O
far	O
among	O
published	O
human	B-SPEC
alphacoronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
α	O
-	O
HCoV	O
)	O
fusion	O
-	O
core	O
structures	O
.	O

Side	O
-	O
by	O
-	O
side	O
electrostatic	O
surface	O
comparisons	O
reveal	O
that	O
the	O
electrostatic	O
surface	O
potentials	O
are	O
opposite	O
in	O
α	O
-	O
HCoVs	O
and	O
β	O
-	O
HCoVs	O
at	O
certain	O
positions	O
and	O
that	O
the	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
229E	I-SPEC
surface	O
also	O
appears	O
to	O
be	O
the	O
most	O
hydrophobic	O
among	O
the	O
various	O
HCoVs	O
.	O

The	O
most	O
recent	O
common	O
ancestor	O
of	O
HBV	B-DISO
/	O
C	O
was	O
traced	O
back	B-ANAT
to	O
the	O
early	O
1900s	O
in	O
China	O
,	O
where	O
it	O
eventually	O
diverged	O
into	O
two	O
major	O
lineages	O
during	O
the	O
1930s	O
-	O
1960s	O
that	O
gave	O
rise	O
to	O
distinct	O
epidemic	O
waves	O
spreading	O
exponentially	O
to	O
other	O
East	O
Asian	O
countries	O
and	O
the	O
USA	O
.	O

We	O
report	O
two	O
potential	O
nidovirus	B-SPEC
genomes	O
,	O
a	O
highly	O
divergent	O
35	O
.	O
9	O
kb	O
likely	O
complete	O
genome	O
from	O
the	O
California	B-SPEC
sea	I-SPEC
hare	I-SPEC
Aplysia	B-SPEC
californica	I-SPEC
,	O
which	O
we	O
assign	O
to	O
a	O
nidovirus	B-SPEC
named	O
Aplysia	B-PRGE
abyssovirus	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
(	O
AAbV	O
),	O
and	O
a	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
-	O
like	O
22	O
.	O
3	O
kb	O
partial	O
genome	O
from	O
the	O
ornamented	O
pygmy	B-DISO
frog	B-SPEC
Microhyla	B-SPEC
fissipes	I-SPEC
,	O
which	O
we	O
assign	O
to	O
a	O
nidovirus	B-SPEC
named	O
Microhyla	B-SPEC
alphaletovirus	O
1	O
(	O
MLeV	O
).	O

AAbV	O
was	O
shown	O
to	O
encode	O
a	O
functional	O
main	O
proteinase	B-PROC
,	O
and	O
a	O
translational	B-PROC
readthrough	I-PROC
signal	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Base	B-PRGE
on	O
the	O
sequence	O
of	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Acute	O
Respiratory	O
Infections	O
(	O
ARI	B-CHED
)	O
are	O
common	O
causes	O
of	O
febrile	B-PROC
illnesses	O
in	O
many	O
settings	O
in	O
Senegal	O
.	O

In	O
addition	O
,	O
there	O
are	O
limited	O
data	O
on	O
the	O
spectrum	O
of	O
pathogens	O
commonly	O
responsible	O
for	O
these	O
ARI	B-CHED
.	O

Although	O
fatalities	O
from	O
septicemia	B-DISO
after	O
uterine	B-ANAT
artery	I-ANAT
embolization	O
have	O
been	O
reported	O
,	O
aseptic	O
inflammatory	B-DISO
responses	I-DISO
to	O
uterine	B-ANAT
degeneration	B-DISO
can	O
also	O
lead	O
to	O
multiorgan	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Investigating	O
type	O
I	O
feline	B-SPEC
coronaviruses	O
(	O
FCoVs	O
)	O
in	O
tissue	B-ANAT
culture	O
is	O
critical	O
for	O
understanding	O
the	O
basic	O
virology	O
,	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
virus	B-SPEC
-	O
host	B-COMP
interactome	O
of	O
these	O
important	O
veterinary	O
pathogens	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Antiviral	B-CHED
innate	B-DISO
immune	I-DISO
response	I-DISO
in	O
non	O
-	O
myeloid	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
is	O
augmented	O
by	O
chloride	B-CHED
ions	B-CHED
via	O
an	O
increase	O
in	O
intracellular	O
hypochlorous	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
levels	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
This	O
case	O
study	O
report	O
describes	O
a	O
transmissible	O
gastroenteritis	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
)	O
infection	B-DISO
presented	O
in	O
a	O
commercial	O
pig	B-SPEC
herd	O
.	O

In	O
conclusion	O
,	O
this	O
case	O
study	O
reported	O
an	O
epidemic	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
in	O
piglets	O
,	O
characterized	O
by	O
low	O
mortality	O
and	O
medium	O
morbidity	O
rates	O
accompanied	O
by	O
typical	O
histopathological	O
lesions	O
in	O
small	B-ANAT
intestine	I-ANAT
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
by	O
coexisting	O
brain	B-DISO
lesions	I-DISO
,	O
that	O
are	O
described	O
for	O
the	O
first	O
time	O
.	O

Consequently	O
,	O
on	O
challenge	O
with	O
the	O
virulent	O
IBV	B-SPEC
strain	O
at	O
28	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Recombinant	O
Infectious	B-DISO
Bronchitis	B-DISO
Viruses	B-SPEC
Expressing	O
Chimeric	O
Spike	O
Glycoproteins	B-CHED
Induce	O
Partial	O
Protective	O
Immunity	O
against	O
Homologous	O
Challenge	O
despite	O
Limited	O
Replication	O
ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Vaccination	O
regimes	O
against	O

To	O
further	O
understand	O
the	O
evolutionary	O
relationship	O
between	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
and	O
its	O
reservoirs	O
,	O
334	O
bats	B-SPEC
were	O
collected	O
from	O
Zhoushan	O
city	O
,	O
Zhejiang	O
province	O
,	O
China	O
,	O
between	O
2015	O
and	O
2017	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
children	O
with	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
usually	O
require	O
ventilatory	O
support	O
treatment	O
.	O

ECMO	O
support	O
showed	O
many	O
advantages	O
in	O
treating	O
severe	O
ARDS	B-DISO
,	O
such	O
as	O
reducing	O
ventilator	O
-	O
induced	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
and	O
correcting	O
hypoxemia	O
.	O

This	O
paper	O
reviews	O
the	O
applications	O
of	O
ECMO	O
for	O
the	O
treatment	O
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
in	O
children	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Advances	O
in	O
the	O
diagnosis	O
and	O
treatment	O
of	O
pediatric	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
].	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Major	O
Infectious	B-DISO
Diseases	I-DISO
ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Infectious	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
were	O
responsible	O
for	O
the	O
largest	O
global	O
burden	O
of	O
premature	O
death	O
and	O
disability	O
until	O
the	O
end	O
of	O
the	O
twentieth	O
century	O
,	O
when	O
that	O
distinction	O
passed	O
to	O
noncommunicable	O
diseases	O
.	O

At	O
least	O
as	O
early	O
as	O
the	O
late	O
1800s	O
,	O
improved	O
living	O
conditions	O
(	O
such	O
as	O
better	O
sanitation	O
and	O
piped	O
water	B-CHED
supplies	O
),	O
particularly	O
in	O
high	O
-	O
income	O
countries	O
(	O
HICs	O
),	O
began	O
to	O
drive	O
down	O
the	O
infectious	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
burden	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
table	O
1	O
.	O
1	O
shows	O
also	O
that	O
if	O
the	O
death	B-PROC
rates	O
of	O
2010	O
remain	O
static	O
,	O
about	O
5	O
.	O
1	O
million	O
people	O
will	O
still	O
die	O
in	O
2030	O
from	O
these	O
three	O
conditions	O
and	O
from	O
other	O
communicable	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
,	O
many	O
of	O
which	O
are	O
concentrated	O
in	O
LMICs	O
.	O

Left	O
untreated	O
,	O
the	O
condition	B-DISO
may	O
rapidly	O
progress	O
to	O
multi	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
organ	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
and	O
death	B-PROC
.	O

MDMA	B-CHED
is	O
a	O
stimulant	O
and	O
psychedelic	O
with	O
a	O
chemical	O
structure	O
similar	O
to	O
serotonin	O
.	O

Psychosocial	O
intervention	O
is	O
the	O
main	O
form	O
of	O
treatment	O
for	O
addiction	B-DISO
to	O
these	O
substances	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
MOLECULAR	O
IDENTIFICATION	O
OF	O
AVIAN	B-SPEC
VIRUSES	B-SPEC
IN	O
NEOTROPIC	O
CORMORANTS	B-SPEC
(	O
PHALACROCORAX	B-SPEC
BRASILIANUS	I-SPEC
)	O
IN	O
CHILE	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
A	O
self	O
-	O
adjuvanted	O
nanoparticle	B-CHED
based	O
vaccine	O
against	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
.	O

In	O
this	O
vaccine	O
,	O
B	B-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
epitopes	O
derived	O
from	O
the	O
second	O
heptad	O
repeat	O
(	O
HR2	O
)	O
region	O
of	O
IBV	B-SPEC
spike	O
proteins	B-CHED
were	O
repetitively	O
presented	O
in	O
its	O
native	O
trimeric	O
conformation	O
.	O

Three	O
groups	O
of	O
chickens	B-SPEC
were	O
immunized	O
at	O
four	O
weeks	O
of	O
age	O
with	O
the	O
vaccine	O
prototype	O
,	O
IBV	B-SPEC
-	O
Flagellin	O
-	O
SAPN	O
,	O
a	O
negative	O
-	O
control	O
construct	O
Flagellin	O
-	O
SAPN	O
or	O
a	O
buffer	B-CHED
control	O
.	O

In	O
ex	O
vivo	O
proliferation	B-DISO
tests	O
,	O
peripheral	O
mononuclear	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
(	O
PBMCs	O
)	O
derived	O
from	O
IBV	B-SPEC
-	O
Flagellin	O
-	O
SAPN	O
immunized	O
chickens	B-SPEC
had	O
a	O
significantly	O
higher	O
stimulation	O
index	O
than	O
that	O
of	O
PBMCs	O
from	O
chickens	B-SPEC
receiving	O
Flagellin	O
-	O
SAPN	O
.	O

The	O
global	O
networks	O
of	O
Dengue	B-DISO
and	O
Zika	O
proteases	O
are	O
coordinated	O
by	O
their	O
NS2B	O
-	O
cofactors	B-CHED
.	O

Therefore	O
,	O
by	O
introducing	O
extra	O
domains	O
/	O
cofactors	B-CHED
,	O
nature	O
develops	O
diverse	O
strategies	O
to	O
regulate	O
the	O
catalytic	O
machinery	O
embedded	O
on	O
the	O
chymotrypsin	B-PRGE
fold	O
through	O
folding	O
,	O
structurally	O
-	O
and	O
dynamically	O
-	O
driven	O
allostery	O
,	O
all	O
of	O
which	O
might	O
be	O
exploited	O
to	O
develop	O
antiviral	B-CHED
drugs	I-CHED
.	O

Adult	O
patients	O
with	O
acute	O
severe	O
poisoning	O
in	O
the	O
emergency	B-DISO
intensive	O
care	O
unit	O
(	O
EICU	O
)	O
of	O
Nanjing	O
Drum	O
Tower	O
Hospital	O
from	O
January	O
2008	O
to	O
December	O
2017	O
were	O
enrolled	O
.	O

There	O
were	O
28	O
patients	O
died	B-PROC
(	O
31	O
.	O
46	O
%)	O
in	O
the	O
elderly	O
group	O
and	O
the	O
cause	O
of	O
death	B-PROC
were	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
(	O
53	O
.	O
57	O
%),	O
circulatory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
(	O
32	O
.	O
14	O
%)	O
and	O
multiple	B-DISO
organ	I-DISO
dysfunction	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
MODS	B-DISO
,	O
14	O
.	O
29	O
%).	O

There	O
were	O
67	O
patients	O
died	B-PROC
(	O
26	O
.	O
38	O
%)	O
in	O
the	O
youth	O
group	O
and	O
the	O
cause	O
of	O
death	B-PROC
were	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
(	O
59	O
.	O
70	O
%),	O
MODS	B-DISO
(	O
20	O
.	O
90	O
%)	O
and	O
circulatory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
(	O
19	O
.	O
40	O
%).	O

Logistic	O
regression	O
analysis	O
showed	O
that	O
AKI	B-PRGE
was	O
the	O
independent	O
risk	O
factor	O
for	O
death	B-PROC
in	O
elderly	O
patients	O
[	O
odds	O
ratio	O
(	O
OR	O
)	O
=	O
8	O
.	O
449	O
,	O
95	O
%	O
confidence	O
interval	O
(	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
)	O
=	O
2	O
.	O
347	O
-	O
30	O
.	O
410	O
,	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
001	O
].	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
prognosis	O
of	O
hematologic	B-DISO
malignancies	I-DISO
has	O
improved	O
over	O
the	O
past	O
three	O
decades	O
.	O

Initial	O
reports	O
regarding	O
the	O
utility	O
of	O
extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenation	B-PROC
in	O
hematologic	B-DISO
malignancies	I-DISO
have	O
been	O
controversial	O
,	O
with	O
limited	O
evaluations	O
of	O
acute	B-DISO
leukemia	I-DISO
patients	O
supported	O
by	O
extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenation	B-PROC
.	O

Overall	O
,	O
75	O
%	O
(	O
three	O
of	O
four	O
)	O
survived	O
to	O
decannulation	O
with	O
a	O
1	O
-	O
year	O
survival	O
rate	O
following	O
extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenation	B-PROC
of	O
50	O
%	O
(	O
two	O
of	O
four	O
).	O

The	O
aim	O
of	O
this	O
study	O
was	O
to	O
investigate	O
the	O
optimal	O
drainage	B-ANAT
cannula	B-SPEC
position	O
.	O

No	O
cross	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
reaction	I-PROC
was	O
detected	O
with	O
antibodies	B-COMP
against	O
avian	B-SPEC
influenza	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
subtypes	O
(	O
H5	O
,	O
H7	O
,	O
and	O
H9	O
),	O
Newcastle	B-SPEC
disease	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
,	O
Marek	B-SPEC
'	I-SPEC
s	I-SPEC
disease	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
,	O
infectious	B-SPEC
bursal	I-SPEC
disease	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
,	O
and	O
chicken	B-SPEC
anemia	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
.	O

Furthermore	O
,	O
the	O
RDT	B-DISO
,	O
which	O
was	O
visible	O
to	O
the	O
naked	O
eye	B-ANAT
,	O
could	O
be	O
completed	O
within	O
15	O
min	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Evaluation	O
of	O
visual	O
triage	O
for	O
screening	O
of	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
patients	O
.	O

In	O
2017	O
the	O
Saudi	O
Ministry	O
of	O
Health	O
released	O
a	O
visual	O
triage	O
system	O
with	O
scoring	O
to	O
alert	O
healthcare	O
workers	O
in	O
emergency	B-DISO
departments	O
(	O
EDs	B-DISO
)	O
and	O
haemodialysis	O
units	O
for	O
the	O
possibility	O
of	O
occurrence	O
of	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
identify	O
and	O
assess	O
the	O
potential	O
public	O
health	O
risks	O
of	O
emergency	O
events	O
of	O
infectious	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
in	O
the	O
surrounding	O
areas	O
of	O
Hangzhou	O
during	O
the	O
11th	O
G20	O
summit	O
,	O
and	O
to	O
assess	O
their	O
impacts	O
on	O
the	O
G20	O
summit	O
.	O

Here	O
we	O
explored	O
the	O
functions	O
of	O
CVC1303	O
on	O
the	O
humoral	O
,	O
cellular	B-COMP
and	O
mucosal	B-PROC
immune	I-PROC
response	I-PROC
to	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
vaccine	O
in	O
mice	B-SPEC
immunization	O
.	O

To	O
determine	O
how	O
coinfection	B-DISO
by	O
these	O
two	O
unrelated	O
respiratory	O
viruses	B-SPEC
affects	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
,	O
we	O
established	O
a	O
mouse	B-SPEC
model	O
using	O
a	O
minor	O
serogroup	O
rhinovirus	B-SPEC
(	O
rhinovirus	B-SPEC
strain	O
1B	O
[	O
RV1B	O
])	O
and	O
mouse	B-SPEC
-	O
adapted	O
influenza	B-SPEC
A	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
A	O
/	O
Puerto	O
Rico	O
/	O
8	O
/	O
1934	O
[	O
PR8	O
]).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
An	O
alternative	O
pathway	B-PROC
of	O
enteric	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
dissemination	O
from	O
nasal	B-ANAT
cavity	I-ANAT
to	O
intestinal	B-ANAT
mucosa	I-ANAT
in	O
swine	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Porcine	B-SPEC
epidemic	I-SPEC
diarrhea	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
)	O
has	O
catastrophic	O
impacts	O
on	O
the	O
global	O
pig	B-SPEC
industry	O
.	O

Although	O
the	O
fecal	B-ANAT
-	O
oral	B-ANAT
route	O
is	O
generally	O
accepted	O
,	O
an	O
increased	O
number	O
of	O
reports	O
indicate	O
that	O
airborne	O
transmission	O
may	O
contribute	O
to	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
outbreak	O
.	O

Firstly	O
,	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
can	O
develop	O
a	O
transient	O
nasal	B-ANAT
epithelium	I-ANAT
infection	B-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Pediatric	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
pARDS	O
)	O
is	O
a	O
rare	O
but	O
very	O
severe	O
condition	B-DISO
.	O

To	O
perform	O
a	O
descriptive	O
assessment	O
of	O
pARDS	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
modified	O
Berlin	O
Definition	O
by	O
using	O
the	O
SpO	B-PRGE
The	O
data	O
of	O
all	O
children	O
on	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
for	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
admitted	O
between	O
2005	O
and	O
2012	O
were	O
reviewed	O
retrospectively	O
for	O
this	O
study	O
.	O

Thus	O
,	O
we	O
examined	O
whether	O
intranasal	O
inoculation	O
with	O
MHV	B-SPEC
at	O
doses	O
equivalent	O
to	O
those	O
given	O
intracranially	O
could	O
induce	O
optic	O
neuritis	O
-	O
inflammation	B-DISO
,	O
demyelination	B-DISO
and	O
loss	O
of	O
retinal	B-ANAT
ganglion	B-DISO
cells	B-COMP
(	O
RGCs	O
)	O
in	O
the	O
optic	B-ANAT
nerve	I-ANAT
with	O
or	O
without	O
inducing	O
spinal	B-ANAT
cord	I-ANAT
demyelination	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
most	O
frequently	O
detected	O
virus	B-SPEC
was	O
adenovirus	B-DISO
,	O
followed	O
by	O
influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
and	O
influenza	B-DISO
B	O
.	O
Detection	O
of	O
more	O
than	O
one	O
virus	B-SPEC
was	O
present	O
in	O
58	O
.	O
3	O
%	O
of	O
the	O
children	O
with	O
FS	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
most	O
common	O
co	O
-	O
existence	O
was	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
adenovirus	B-DISO
and	O
influenza	B-DISO
B	O
.	O
In	O
children	O
younger	O
than	O
12	O
months	O
,	O
Coronavirus	B-SPEC
OC43	O
was	O
the	O
most	O
common	O
,	O
while	O
influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
was	O
most	O
frequently	O
observed	O
in	O
children	O
older	O
than	O
48	O
months	O
(	O
p	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
).	O

Human	B-SPEC
bocavirus	I-SPEC
was	O
common	O
in	O
children	O
who	O
experienced	O
complex	O
FS	O
,	O
while	O
respiratory	B-SPEC
syncytial	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
RSV	B-SPEC
)	O
A	O
was	O
more	O
common	O
in	O
children	O
who	O
experienced	O
simple	O
FS	O
.	O

Influenza	B-SPEC
B	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
was	O
the	O
most	O
common	O
virus	B-SPEC
identified	O
in	O
children	O
who	O
were	O
experiencing	O
their	O
first	O
incidence	O
of	O
FS	O
(	O
p	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
).	O

Widespread	O
use	O
of	O
the	O
existing	O
quadrivalent	O
influenza	B-DISO
vaccine	O
might	O
be	O
useful	O
for	O
the	O
prevention	O
of	O
FS	O
related	O
to	O
the	O
flu	B-DISO
.	O

Further	O
vaccine	O
candidates	O
for	O
potential	O
respiratory	O
pathogens	O
,	O
including	O
RSV	B-PRGE
,	O
might	O
be	O
helpful	O
for	O
the	O
prevention	O
of	O
FS	O
.	O

Its	O
use	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
obstructive	B-DISO
pulmonary	I-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
has	O
been	O
rare	O
since	O
obstructions	B-DISO
could	O
not	O
be	O
monitored	O
on	O
a	O
regional	O
level	O
at	O
the	O
bedside	O
.	O

In	O
addition	O
,	O
exemplarily	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
moderate	O
-	O
severe	O
ARDS	B-DISO
or	O
COPD	B-DISO
exacerbation	I-DISO
,	O
different	O
PEEP	B-CHED
levels	O
were	O
shown	O
to	O
have	O
an	O
influence	O
on	O
the	O
distribution	O
pattern	O
of	O
regional	O
time	O
constants	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Transmissible	O
gastroenteritis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
)	O
is	O
a	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
that	O
causes	O
severe	B-DISO
diarrhea	I-DISO
in	O
suckling	O
piglets	O
.	O

Since	O
the	O
2017	O
meeting	O
,	O
progress	O
has	O
been	O
made	O
on	O
several	O
key	O
actions	O
in	O
animal	B-SPEC
populations	O
,	O
at	O
the	O
animal	B-SPEC
/	O
human	B-SPEC
interface	O
and	O
in	O
human	B-SPEC
populations	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Low	O
baseline	O
plasma	O
25	O
-	O
hydroxyvitamin	O
D	O
(	O
25	O
(	O
OH	O
)	O
D	O
)	O
is	O
associated	O
with	O
increased	O
risk	O
of	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
infections	I-DISO
,	O
but	O
its	O
association	O
with	O
long	O
-	O
term	O
risk	O
of	O
sepsis	B-DISO
remains	O
unclear	O
.	O

Isolate	O
LDL	B-CHED
/	O
150434	O
-	O
I	O
was	O
a	O
re	O
-	O
isolation	O
of	O
H120	O
vaccine	O
strain	O
that	O
was	O
introduced	O
into	O
the	O
chicken	B-SPEC
flock	O
by	O
vaccination	O
,	O
transmitted	B-DISO
between	O
chickens	B-SPEC
,	O
and	O
later	O
accumulated	O
several	O
genomic	O
mutations	O
.	O

Isolate	O
LDL	B-CHED
/	O
150434	O
-	O
II	O
was	O
a	O
novel	O
variant	O
that	O
originated	O
from	O
recombination	B-PROC
events	O
between	O
H120	O
and	O
ck	O
/	O
CH	O
/	O
LDT3	O
/	O
03	O
-	O
like	O
viruses	B-SPEC
.	O

The	O
three	O
IBV	B-SPEC
isolates	O
were	O
avirulent	O
when	O
they	O
infected	O
SPF	B-PRGE
chickens	I-PRGE
.	O

The	O
results	O
provide	O
insights	O
into	O
the	O
evolution	B-PROC
of	O
the	O
viruses	B-SPEC
and	O
co	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
of	O
chickens	B-SPEC
with	O
different	O
virus	B-SPEC
serotypes	O
.	O

The	O
safety	O
of	O
the	O
PEP	B-CHED
regimen	O
was	O
assessed	O
.	O

A	O
total	O
of	O
90	O
chicken	B-SPEC
serum	B-COMP
samples	O
from	O
a	O
chicken	B-SPEC
farm	O
were	O
tested	O
by	O
xMAP	O
and	O
ELISA	O
assays	O
.	O

The	O
results	O
showed	O
that	O
the	O
coincidence	O
rates	O
were	O
84	O
.	O
44	O
and	O
100	O
%	O
for	O
ILTV	B-SPEC
and	O
IBV	B-SPEC
detection	O
,	O
respectively	O
.	O

Then	O
,	O
MERS	O
-	O
N	O
was	O
stably	O
overexpressed	O
in	O
A549	O
cells	B-COMP
,	O
and	O
a	O
PCR	O
array	O
containing	O
84	O
genes	O
was	O
used	O
to	O
screen	O
for	O
genes	O
transcriptionally	O
regulated	O
by	O
it	O
.	O

Lipopolysaccharide	B-CHED
was	O
intratracheally	O
administered	O
to	O
rats	B-SPEC
to	O
establish	O
experimental	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

Lung	B-ANAT
histological	O
damage	O
was	O
severe	O
in	O
the	O
dorsal	O
dependent	O
area	O
in	O
both	O
groups	O
,	O
but	O
was	O
attenuated	O
by	O
OLA	O
.	O

Further	O
studies	O
revealed	O
that	O
TA	O
-	O
dampened	O
inflammatory	O
responses	O
by	O
downregulating	O
the	O
LPS	B-DISO
-	O
induced	O
toll	O
-	O
like	O
receptor	B-PRGE
4	I-PRGE
(	O
TLR4	B-PRGE
)	O
expression	B-PROC
and	O
inhibiting	O
extracellular	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
signal	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
regulated	I-PRGE
kinase	I-PRGE
(	I-PRGE
ERK	B-FUNC
)	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
/	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
and	O
p38	B-FUNC
mitogen	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
activated	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
kinase	I-PRGE
(	O
MAPK	B-FUNC
)	O
activation	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Beyond	O
Low	O
Tidal	O
Volume	O
Ventilation	O
:	O
Treatment	O
Adjuncts	O
for	O
Severe	O
Respiratory	B-DISO
Failure	I-DISO
in	O
Acute	B-DISO
Respiratory	I-DISO
Distress	I-DISO
Syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

Extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenation	B-PROC
may	O
be	O
life	O
-	O
saving	O
in	O
selected	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
but	O
should	O
be	O
used	O
only	O
when	O
other	O
alternatives	O
have	O
been	O
applied	O
.	O

In	O
addition	O
,	O
fecal	B-ANAT
samples	O
and	O
pen	O
bedding	O
environmental	B-SPEC
samples	I-SPEC
were	O
processed	O
and	O
analyzed	O
for	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
intestinal	O
parasite	O
eggs	O
under	O
a	O
compound	O
light	O
microscope	O
.	O

This	O
study	O
produced	O
evidence	O
that	O
exposure	O
to	O
IBDV	B-SPEC
,	O
IBV	B-SPEC
,	O
and	O
intestinal	B-DISO
parasites	I-DISO
in	O
broilers	O
on	O
Santa	O
Cruz	O
Island	O
and	O
San	O
Cristobal	O
Island	O
is	O
important	O
.	O

The	O
clinical	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
infections	B-DISO
in	O
endemic	O
regions	O
is	O
challenging	O
due	O
to	O
the	O
epidemiological	O
distribution	O
and	O
coinfection	B-DISO
with	O
other	O
enteric	O
pathogens	O
that	O
mask	O
the	O
clinical	O
presentation	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
We	O
previously	O
demonstrated	O
that	O
transmissible	O
gastroenteritis	O
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
)	O
could	O
induce	O
apoptosis	B-PATH
through	O
caspase	B-PRGE
signaling	B-PROC
.	O

However	O
,	O
apoptosis	B-PATH
was	O
not	O
completely	O
prevented	O
by	O
caspases	O
inhibitors	B-CHED
,	O
suggesting	O
that	O
there	O
may	O
be	O
a	O
caspase	B-PRGE
-	O
independent	O
pathway	B-PROC
involved	O
in	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
-	O
induced	O
cell	B-COMP
apoptosis	B-PATH
.	O

Taken	O
together	O
,	O
these	O
results	O
suggest	O
that	O
the	O
p53	B-PRGE
-	O
and	O
ROS	B-CHED
-	O
mediated	O
AIF	B-PROC
pathway	I-PROC
and	O
caspase	B-PRGE
-	O
dependent	O
pathway	B-PROC
were	O
involved	O
in	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
-	O
induced	O
apoptosis	B-PATH
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Viral	B-DISO
Respiratory	I-DISO
Tract	I-DISO
Infection	I-DISO

Viral	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
tract	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
(	O
VRTI	O
)	O
has	O
been	O
previously	O
associated	O
with	O
CLAD	O
development	B-PROC
.	O

Data	O
regarding	O
clinical	O
characteristics	O
and	O
infectious	B-DISO
events	O
were	O
recorded	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Detection	O
of	O
Newcastle	B-DISO
Disease	I-DISO
,	O
H9N2	O
Avian	B-DISO
Influenza	I-DISO
,	O
and	O
Infectious	B-DISO
Bronchitis	B-DISO
Viruses	B-SPEC
in	O
Respiratory	B-DISO
Diseases	I-DISO
in	O
Backyard	O
Chickens	B-SPEC
in	O
Ahvaz	O
,	O
Iran	O
,	O
in	O
2014	O
-	O
2015	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Newcastle	B-SPEC
disease	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
NDV	B-SPEC
),	O
avian	B-SPEC
influenza	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
AIV	O
),	O
and	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
IBV	B-SPEC
)	O
are	O
the	O
most	O
prevalent	O
viral	O
pathogens	O
in	O
the	O
Iranian	O
poultry	O
industry	O
.	O

In	O
the	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
,	O
95	O
%	O
of	O
the	O
birds	B-SPEC
were	O
positive	O
for	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
three	O
viruses	B-SPEC
.	O

The	O
results	O
demonstrated	O
that	O
the	O
Iranian	O
backyard	O
chickens	B-SPEC
were	O
infected	O
with	O
NDV	B-SPEC
,	O
AIV	O
,	O
and	O
IBV	B-SPEC
.	O

The	O
cat	B-SPEC
received	O
a	O
blood	B-ANAT
transfusion	O
and	O
supportive	O
therapy	O
,	O
but	O
the	O
owner	O
declined	O
to	O
continue	O
the	O
treatments	O
owing	O
to	O
poor	O
response	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
This	O
report	O
describes	O
the	O
first	O
disease	O
outbreak	O
caused	O
by	O
chimeric	O
swine	B-SPEC
enteric	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
(	O
SeCoV	O
)	O
on	O
two	O
pig	B-SPEC
farms	O
in	O
Slovakia	O
in	O
early	O
2015	O
.	O

Subsequently	O
,	O
loss	B-DISO
of	I-DISO
appetite	I-DISO
and	O
diarrhoea	B-DISO
were	O
observed	O
in	O
both	O
boars	B-SPEC
during	O
the	O
first	O
three	O
days	O
in	O
the	O
isolation	O
unit	O
.	O

The	O
infection	B-DISO
gradually	O
spread	O
to	O
the	O
farrowing	B-PROC
area	O
and	O
throughout	O
the	O
farm	O
in	O
two	O
weeks	O
and	O
later	O
to	O
another	O
nearby	O
farm	O
.	O

In	O
the	O
absence	O
of	O
an	O
available	O
vaccine	O
,	O
the	O
pregnant	O
sows	O
were	O
dosed	O
by	O
mouth	B-ANAT
with	O
a	O
10	O
%	O
suspension	O
prepared	O
from	O
the	O
intestine	B-ANAT
and	O
faeces	B-ANAT
of	O
infected	O
piglets	O
in	O
warm	O
water	B-CHED
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Feline	B-SPEC
enteric	O
coronaviruses	O
have	O
three	O
open	O
reading	O
frames	O
(	O
ORFs	O
)	O
in	O
region	O
3	O
(	O
3a	O
,	O
3b	O
,	O
and	O
3c	O
).	O

The	O
expression	B-PROC
of	O
3c	O
-	O
eGFP	O
is	O
clearly	O
cell	B-COMP
type	I-COMP
dependent	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
more	O
stable	O
in	O
MARC	O
145	O
cells	O
than	O
in	O
Fcwf	O
-	O
4	O
or	O
CrFK	O
cells	B-COMP
,	O
which	O
might	O
reflect	O
in	O
vivo	O
stability	O
differences	O
of	O
3c	O
in	O
natural	O
target	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
(	O
enterocytes	B-ANAT
vs	O
.	O
monocytes	B-ANAT
/	O
macrophages	B-ANAT
).	O

In	O
contrast	O
,	O
induction	O
of	O
IFNβ	O
by	O
type	O
II	O
FCoV	O
infection	B-DISO
was	O
significantly	O
lower	O
than	O
that	O
by	O
type	O
I	O
FIPV	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Molecular	O
evolution	B-PROC
of	O
porcine	B-SPEC
epidemic	I-SPEC
diarrhea	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
and	O
porcine	B-SPEC
deltacoronavirus	O
strains	O
in	O
Central	O
China	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
whether	O
these	O
changes	O
affect	O
the	O
pathogenicity	O
and	O
antigenicity	O
of	O
wild	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
is	O
unknown	O
and	O
is	O
worth	O
for	O
further	O
investigation	O
.	O

It	O
is	O
usually	O
diagnosed	O
in	O
chronic	B-DISO
liver	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
patients	O
following	O
pre	O
-	O
transplant	B-ANAT
evaluation	O
or	O
mild	O
dyspnea	B-DISO
investigation	O
.	O

Specific	O
primers	O
were	O
designed	O
to	O
target	O
the	O
highly	O
-	O
conserved	O
region	O
of	O
L	B-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
of	O
SFTSV	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Sequencing	O
and	O
In	O
Silico	O
Multi	O
-	O
aspect	O
Analysis	O
of	O
S1	O
Glycoprotein	B-CHED
in	O
793	O
/	O
B	O
Serotype	O
of	O
Infectious	B-DISO
Bronchitis	B-DISO
Virus	B-SPEC
Isolated	O
From	O
Iran	O
in	O
2003	O
and	O
2011	O
.	O

The	O
cut	O
-	O
off	O
titer	O
was	O
set	O
at	O
titer	O
of	O
1	O
:	O
2	O
dilution	O
and	O
farms	O
with	O
at	O
least	O
one	O
positive	O
sample	O
in	O
duplicate	O
were	O
classified	O
as	O
PED	B-PRGE
-	O
positive	O
farms	O
.	O

The	O
proportion	O
of	O
seropositive	O
animals	B-SPEC
from	O
case	O
farms	O
was	O
63	O
.	O
7	O
%,	O
significantly	O
different	O
from	O
that	O
of	O
non	O
-	O
case	O
farms	O
(	O
4	O
.	O
3	O
%,	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
New	O
Vaccine	O
Technologies	O
to	O
Combat	B-CHED
Outbreak	O
Situations	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
radical	B-CHED
changes	O
in	O
the	O
density	O
,	O
age	O
distribution	O
and	O
traveling	O
habits	O
of	O
the	O
population	O
worldwide	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
the	O
changing	O
climate	O
favor	O
the	O
emergence	O
of	O
old	O
and	O
new	O
pathogens	O
that	O
bear	B-SPEC
the	O
risk	O
of	O
becoming	O
pandemic	O
threats	O
.	O

What	O
is	O
more	O
,	O
the	O
emergence	O
of	O
antibiotic	O
resistant	O
bacteria	B-SPEC
calls	O
for	O
new	O
approaches	O
to	O
prevent	O
infections	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
The	O
influence	O
of	O
porcine	B-SPEC
epidemic	I-SPEC
diarrhea	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
on	O
pig	B-SPEC
small	B-ANAT
intestine	I-ANAT
mucosal	B-ANAT
epithelial	B-ANAT
cell	B-PROC
function	I-PROC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Porcine	B-SPEC
epidemic	B-DISO
diarrhea	I-DISO
(	O
PED	O
)	O
is	O
a	O
highly	O
contagious	O
,	O
acute	O
enteric	O
tract	O
infectious	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
of	O
pigs	B-SPEC
(	O
Sus	B-SPEC
domesticus	I-SPEC
)	O
caused	O
by	O
porcine	B-SPEC
epidemic	I-SPEC
diarrhea	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
).	O

PED	O
is	O
characterized	O
by	O
watery	B-DISO
diarrhea	I-DISO
,	O
dehydration	B-DISO
,	O
weight	O
loss	O
,	O
vomiting	B-DISO
and	O
death	B-PROC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Chlordecone	B-CHED
is	O
an	O
organochlorine	O
used	O
in	O
the	O
1970	O
'	O
s	O
as	O
a	O
pesticide	B-CHED
in	O
banana	B-SPEC
plantations	O
.	O

Chlordecone	B-CHED
targets	O
,	O
and	O
mainly	O
accumulates	O
in	O
,	O
the	O
liver	B-ANAT
,	O
leading	O
to	O
hepatomegaly	B-DISO
and	O
neurological	O
signs	O
in	O
mammals	B-SPEC
.	O

To	O
study	O
the	O
attenuation	O
determinants	O
of	O
PEDVPT	O
-	O
P96	O
and	O
establish	O
a	O
PEDVPT	O
-	O
P96	O
-	O
based	O
recombinant	O
vector	O
as	O
a	O
vaccine	O
platform	O
for	O
further	O
antigenicity	O
modification	O
,	O
iPEDVPT	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
P96	I-PRGE
,	O
a	O
full	O
-	O
length	O
cDNA	O
clone	O
of	O
PEDVPT	O
-	O
P96	O
,	O
was	O
established	O
.	O

Viral	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
are	O
highly	O
infectious	B-DISO
and	O
capable	O
of	O
causing	O
pandemics	O
as	O
evidenced	O
by	O
outbreaks	O
of	O
diseases	O
like	O
Ebola	O
,	O
Middle	O
East	O
Respiratory	O
Syndrome	B-DISO
,	I-DISO
West	I-DISO
Nile	O
,	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
Corona	B-CHED
,	O
Nipah	O
,	O
Hendra	O
,	O
Avian	B-DISO
influenza	I-DISO
and	O
Swine	B-DISO
influenza	I-DISO
.	O

Diseases	O
like	O
Eastern	B-DISO
equine	I-DISO
encephalitis	I-DISO
(	O
EEE	B-DISO
),	O
Western	B-DISO
equine	I-DISO
encephalitis	I-DISO
(	O
WEE	B-DISO
),	O
and	O
Venezuelan	O
-	O
equine	B-DISO
encephalitis	I-DISO
(	O
VEE	O
)	O
are	O
highly	O
infectious	B-DISO
and	O
can	O
be	O
disseminated	O
as	O
aerosols	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Serologic	O
Survey	O
of	O
Selected	O
Viral	O
Pathogens	O
in	O
Free	O
-	O
Ranging	O
Eurasian	O
Brown	B-SPEC
Bears	I-SPEC
(	O
Ursus	B-SPEC
arctos	I-SPEC
arctos	I-SPEC
)	O
from	O
Slovakia	O
.	O

Evidence	O
of	O
exposure	O
of	O
free	O
-	O
ranging	O
European	B-SPEC
brown	I-SPEC
bears	I-SPEC
to	O
CCV	B-DISO
and	O
ADV	O
has	O
not	O
been	O
reported	O
.	O

One	O
was	O
a	O
69	O
-	O
year	O
-	O
old	O
man	B-CHED
who	O
had	O
been	O
treated	O
with	O
combination	O
fluconazole	B-CHED
and	O
liposomal	O
amphotericin	O
for	O
over	O
6	O
weeks	O
,	O
with	O
persistent	B-DISO
fever	I-DISO
and	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
.	O

Rapid	O
improvement	O
was	O
noted	O
in	O
both	O
cases	O
and	O
raises	O
the	O
possibility	O
that	O
the	O
addition	O
of	O
systemic	O
corticosteroids	B-CHED
may	O
hasten	O
recovery	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
coccidioidomycosis	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Assessment	O
of	O
fever	B-PROC
in	O
the	O
returning	O
traveller	O
.	O

An	O
understanding	O
of	O
the	O
incubation	O
periods	B-PROC
of	O
common	O
imported	O
infections	B-DISO
and	O
a	O
syndromic	O
approach	O
to	O
patients	O
'	O
symptoms	O
is	O
helpful	O
in	O
order	B-SPEC
to	O
narrow	O
down	O
the	O
likely	O
diagnosis	O
.	O

Our	O
study	O
suggest	O
that	O
MERS	O
patients	O
with	O
radiographic	O
score	O
>	O
10	O
on	O
day	O
10	O
from	O
viral	O
exposure	O
require	O
aggressive	B-DISO
therapy	O
with	O
careful	O
surveillance	O
and	O
follow	O
-	O
up	O
evaluation	O
.	O

Best	O
-	O
fitting	B-DISO
ARIMA	O
model	O
inferred	O
statistically	O
significant	O
biannual	O
seasonality	O
in	O
Riyadh	O
region	O
,	O
a	O
region	O
characterised	O
by	O
heavy	O
seasonal	O
camel	B-SPEC
-	O
related	O
activities	O
.	O

Our	O
study	O
suggested	O
new	O
insights	O
into	O
the	O
epidemiology	O
of	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
,	O
including	O
inferences	O
about	O
epidemic	O
progression	O
and	O
evidence	O
for	O
seasonality	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Excessive	O
extravascular	O
lung	O
water	B-CHED
(	O
EVLW	O
)	O
is	O
associated	O
with	O
increased	O
morbidity	O
and	O
mortality	O
.	O

EVLW	O
index	O
was	O
measured	O
by	O
the	O
TPTD	O
method	O
,	O
and	O
an	O
index	O
of	O
≥	O
10	O
mL	O
/	O
kg	O
was	O
considered	O
diagnostic	O
of	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
edema	I-DISO
.	O

Consideration	O
of	O
limitations	O
of	O
the	O
latter	O
protocols	O
may	O
prevent	O
clinicians	O
from	O
reaching	B-PROC
premature	O
conclusions	O
regarding	O
the	O
prediction	O
of	O
EVLW	O
.	O

Intriguingly	O
,	O
these	O
viruses	B-SPEC
also	O
all	O
originate	O
from	O
bat	B-ENZY
reservoirs	O
.	O

Not	O
only	O
are	O
they	O
the	O
only	O
mammals	B-SPEC
capable	O
of	O
powered	O
flight	O
,	O
they	O
have	O
extraordinarily	O
long	O
life	O
spans	O
,	O
with	O
little	O
detectable	O
increases	O
in	O
mortality	O
or	O
senescence	O
until	O
high	O
ages	O
.	O

Do	O
our	O
life	O
history	O
traits	O
make	O
us	O
susceptible	O
to	O
generating	O
damaging	O
immune	B-PROC
responses	I-PROC
to	O
RNA	O
viruses	B-SPEC
or	O
does	O
the	O
physiology	O
of	O
bats	B-SPEC
make	O
them	O
particularly	O
tolerant	O
or	O
resistant	O
?	O

In	O
early	O
2016	O
,	O
sera	B-COMP
and	O
standardized	O
interviews	O
were	O
obtained	O
from	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
cases	O
and	O
their	O
contacts	O
.	O

Among	O
16	O
cases	O
,	O
11	O
(	O
69	O
%)	O
had	O
health	O
care	O
exposure	O
and	O
5	O
(	O
31	O
%)	O
were	O
relatives	O
of	O
a	O
known	O
case	O
;	O
13	O
(	O
81	O
%)	O
were	O
symptomatic	O
,	O
and	O
7	O
(	O
44	O
%)	O
died	B-PROC
.	O

We	O
describe	O
isolation	O
of	O
infectious	B-DISO
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
from	O
the	O
upper	B-ANAT
respiratory	I-ANAT
tract	I-ANAT
of	O
a	O
mildly	O
ill	B-DISO
27	O
-	O
year	O
-	O
old	O
female	O
in	O
Saudi	O
Arabia	O
15	O
days	O
after	O
illness	O
onset	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Interplay	O
between	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
,	O
a	O
cytoplasmic	B-COMP
RNA	O
virus	B-SPEC
,	O
and	O
nonsense	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
mediated	I-PROC
mRNA	I-PROC
decay	B-DISO
pathway	B-PROC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Coronaviruses	O
(	O
CoVs	O
),	O
including	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
CoV	O
and	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
CoV	O
,	O
are	O
enveloped	O
RNA	O
viruses	B-SPEC
that	O
carry	O
a	O
large	O
positive	O
-	O
sense	B-PROC
single	O
-	O
stranded	O
RNA	O
genome	O
and	O
cause	O
a	O
variety	O
of	O
diseases	O
in	O
humans	B-SPEC
and	O
domestic	O
animals	B-SPEC
.	O

A	O
key	O
contribution	O
to	O
the	O
high	O
lethality	O
observed	O
during	O
EBOV	O
outbreaks	O
comes	O
from	O
viral	O
evasion	O
of	O
the	O
host	B-COMP
antiviral	B-CHED
innate	B-DISO
immune	I-DISO
response	I-DISO
in	O
which	O
viral	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
VP35	I-PRGE
plays	O
a	O
crucial	O
role	O
,	O
blocking	B-DISO
interferon	B-PROC
type	I-PROC
I	I-PROC
production	I-PROC
,	O
first	O
by	O
masking	O
the	O
viral	O
double	O
-	O
stranded	O
RNA	O
(	O
dsRNA	B-CHED
)	O
and	O
preventing	O
its	O
detection	O
by	O
the	O
pattern	O
recognition	O
receptor	O
RIG	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
I	I-PRGE
.	O
Aiming	O
to	O
identify	O
inhibitors	B-CHED
of	O
the	O
interaction	O
of	O
VP35	O
with	O
the	O
viral	O
dsRNA	B-CHED
,	O
counteracting	O
the	O
VP35	O
viral	O
innate	O
immune	B-PROC
evasion	I-PROC
,	O
we	O
established	O
a	O
new	O
methodology	O
for	O
high	O
-	O
yield	O
recombinant	O
VP35	O
(	O
rVP35	O
)	O
expression	B-PROC
and	O
purification	O
and	O
a	O
novel	O
and	O
robust	O
fluorescence	O
-	O
based	O
rVP35	O
-	O
RNA	O
interaction	O
assay	O
(	O
Z	O
'	O
factor	O
of	O
0	O
.	O
69	O
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Acute	B-DISO
Megakaryoblastic	I-DISO
Leukemia	I-DISO
With	O
Diffuse	O
Periosteal	O
Reaction	O
of	O
Bilateral	O
Lower	B-ANAT
Extremities	I-ANAT
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
One	O
hundred	O
and	O
eighty	O
-	O
one	O
patients	O
were	O
diagnosed	O
with	O
AKI	B-PRGE
caused	O
by	O
venomous	O
creatures	O
.	O

Snakebite	O
(	O
77	O
.	O
9	O
%)	O
and	O
wasp	O
stings	O
(	O
19	O
.	O
9	O
%)	O
were	O
the	O
leading	O
causes	O
of	O
AKI	B-PRGE
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Modified	O
David	O
-	O
Komeda	O
Repair	B-PROC
for	O
Ventricular	B-DISO
Septal	I-DISO
Perforation	I-DISO
Complicated	O
with	O
Severe	O
Postoperative	O
Acute	O
Respiratory	O
Distress	O
Syndrome	O
;	O
Report	O
of	O
a	O
Case	O
].	O

Cells	B-COMP
from	O
cotton	B-SPEC
rat	B-SPEC
,	O
goat	B-SPEC
,	O
and	O
sheep	B-SPEC
provided	O
control	O
scenarios	O
that	O
represent	O
host	B-COMP
systems	O
in	O
which	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
is	O
neither	O
endemic	O
nor	O
epidemic	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Countrywide	O
Survey	O
for	O
MERS	O
-	O
Coronavirus	B-SPEC
Antibodies	B-COMP
in	O
Dromedaries	B-SPEC
and	O
Humans	B-SPEC
in	O
Pakistan	O
.	O

An	O
in	O
-	O
house	O
ELISA	O
was	O
developed	O
to	O
detect	O
IgG	B-PRGE
against	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
.	O
A	O
total	O
of	O
794	O
camels	B-SPEC
were	O
found	O
seropositive	O
for	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
.	O
Prevalence	O
increased	O
with	O
the	O
age	O
and	O
the	O
highest	O
seroprevalence	O
was	O
recorded	O
in	O
camels	B-SPEC
aged	O
>	O
10	O
years	O
(	O
81	O
.	O
37	O
%)	O
followed	O
by	O
those	O
aged	O
3	O
.	O
1	O
-	O
10	O
years	O
(	O
78	O
.	O
65	O
%)	O
and	O
≤	O
3	O
years	O
(	O
58	O
.	O
19	O
%).	O

Sensitivity	O
analyses	O
show	O
that	O
the	O
incremental	O
cost	O
-	O
effectiveness	O
ratio	O
is	O
sensitive	O
to	O
the	O
efficacy	O
of	O
extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenation	B-PROC
therapy	O
and	O
costs	O
.	O

Kyoto	O
Encyclopedia	O
of	O
Genes	O
and	O
Genomes	O
(	O
KEGG	O
)	O
analysis	O
showed	O
differentially	O
expressed	B-PROC
mRNAs	O
were	O
linked	O
to	O
inflammation	B-DISO
-	O
related	O
pathways	B-PROC
,	O
including	O
NF	O
-	O
κB	O
,	O
Toll	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
like	I-PRGE
receptor	I-PRGE
,	O
NOD	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
like	I-PRGE
receptor	I-PRGE
,	O
Jak	B-PROC
-	O
STAT	B-PRGE
,	O
TNF	B-PRGE
,	O
and	O
RIG	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
I	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
like	I-PRGE
receptor	I-PRGE
pathways	B-PROC
.	O

The	O
interactions	O
among	O
mRNA	B-CHED
,	O
miRNA	O
,	O
and	O
circRNA	O
were	O
analyzed	O
.	O

In	O
contrast	O
,	O
inhibition	B-PROC
of	O
miR	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
22	I-PRGE
had	O
the	O
opposite	O
effects	O
.	O

Moreover	O
,	O
silencing	O
of	O
ssc_circ_009380	O
inhibited	O
accumulation	O
of	O
p65	B-PRGE
in	O
nucleus	B-COMP
and	O
phosphorylation	B-PROC
of	O
IκB	O
-	O
α	O
.	O

Venovenous	O
ECMO	O
(	O
vv	O
-	O
ECMO	O
)	O
was	O
initiated	O
in	O
the	O
Emergency	B-DISO
Department	O
and	O
he	O
was	O
admitted	O
to	O
the	O
intensive	O
care	O
unit	O
.	O

As	O
subepithelial	O
myofibroblasts	B-ANAT
secrete	B-PROC
extracellular	B-COMP
matrix	I-COMP
and	O
growth	B-PROC
factors	O
contributing	O
to	O
the	O
attachment	O
,	O
proliferation	B-DISO
and	O
differentiation	B-PROC
of	O
epithelial	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
,	O
co	O
-	O
cultures	O
of	O
primary	O
porcine	B-SPEC
enterocytes	B-ANAT
(	O
ileocytes	O
and	O
colonocytes	O
)	O
with	O
myofibroblasts	B-ANAT
were	O
developed	O
and	O
evaluated	O
for	O
their	O
susceptibility	O
to	O
enteric	O
viruses	B-SPEC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Resistance	B-PROC
to	O
coronavirus	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
in	O
amino	O
peptidase	O
N	O
-	O
deficient	O
pigs	B-SPEC
.	O

The	O
biological	O
relevance	O
of	O
amino	B-PRGE
peptidase	I-PRGE
N	I-PRGE
(	O
ANPEP	B-PRGE
)	O
as	O
a	O
putative	O
receptor	O
for	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
and	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
in	O
pigs	B-SPEC
was	O
evaluated	O
by	O
using	O
CRISPR	O
/	O
Cas9	O
to	O
edit	O
exon	O
2	O
of	O
ANPEP	O
resulting	O
in	O
a	O
premature	O
stop	O
codon	O
.	O

Fecal	B-ANAT
swabs	O
were	O
collected	O
daily	O
from	O
each	O
animal	B-SPEC
beginning	O
1	O
day	O
prior	O
to	O
challenge	O
with	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
until	O
the	O
termination	O
of	O
the	O
study	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Early	O
initiation	O
of	O
venovenous	O
extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenation	B-PROC
in	O
a	O
mechanically	O
ventilated	O
patient	O
with	O
severe	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
distress	O
syndrome	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Because	O
the	O
Berlin	O
definition	O
of	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
has	O
only	O
moderate	O
reliability	O
,	O
physicians	O
disagree	O
about	O
the	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
in	O
some	O
patients	O
.	O

To	O
characterize	O
patients	O
with	O
diagnostic	O
disagreement	O
about	O
ARDS	B-DISO
among	O
critical	O
-	O
care	O
-	O
trained	O
physicians	O
and	O
compare	O
them	O
with	O
patients	O
with	O
a	O
consensus	O
that	O
ARDS	B-DISO
developed	O
.	O

Individual	O
TGEV	O
protein	B-CHED
screening	O
results	O
demonstrated	O
that	O
Nsp2	B-PRGE
exhibited	O
a	O
high	O
potential	O
for	O
activating	O
NF	O
-	O
κB	O
and	O
enhancing	O
the	O
expression	B-PROC
of	O
pro	B-CHED
-	O
inflammatory	O
cytokines	O
.	O

Oropharyngeal	B-ANAT
(	O
OP	O
)	O
swabs	O
were	O
taken	O
from	O
eight	O
birds	B-SPEC
per	O
flock	O
and	O
accompanied	O
with	O
flock	O
health	O
information	O
.	O

Multi	O
-	O
locus	O
sequence	O
typing	O
(	O
MLST	O
)	O
analysis	O
identified	O
the	O
majority	O
of	O
positive	O
Ms	O
as	O
ST21	B-ANAT
,	O
along	O
with	O
ST2	B-PRGE
(	O
MS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
H	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
like	I-PRGE
),	O
ST6	B-PRGE
and	O
ST43	B-ANAT
.	O

IBV	B-PRGE
S1	I-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
sequencing	O
identified	O
strains	O
as	O
793B	O
(	O
66	O
.	O
7	O
%),	O
Arkansas	O
(	O
23	O
.	O
8	O
%)	O
and	O
Massachusetts	O
(	O
9	O
.	O
5	O
%).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Acute	B-DISO
encephalopathy	I-DISO
with	O
biphasic	O
seizures	B-DISO
and	O
late	O
reduced	O
diffusion	O
accompanied	O
by	O
Takotsubo	B-DISO
cardiomyopathy	I-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Acute	B-DISO
encephalopathy	I-DISO
with	O
biphasic	O
seizures	B-DISO
and	O
late	O
reduced	O
diffusion	O
(	O
AESD	O
)	O
is	O
characterized	O
by	O
biphasic	O
seizures	B-DISO
and	O
impaired	B-DISO
consciousness	I-DISO
.	O

On	O
the	O
next	O
day	O
,	O
her	O
cardiac	B-PROC
function	I-PROC
deteriorated	O
,	O
and	O
echocardiography	O
revealed	O
systolic	O
apical	O
ballooning	O
of	O
the	O
left	B-ANAT
ventricle	I-ANAT
accompanied	O
by	O
hyperkinesis	O
of	O
the	O
basal	O
wall	O
,	O
which	O
are	O
typical	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
TTC	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
a	O
role	O
for	O
virus	B-SPEC
-	O
specific	O
memory	B-PROC
B	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
(	O
Bmem	O
)	O
within	O
the	O
CNS	B-CHED
is	O
poorly	O
explored	O
due	O
to	O
lack	O
of	O
robust	O
phenotypic	O
or	O
functional	O
identification	O
in	O
mice	B-SPEC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Influenza	B-DISO
-	O
mediated	O
reduction	O
of	O
lung	B-ANAT
epithelial	O
ion	B-FUNC
channel	I-FUNC
activity	I-FUNC
leads	O
to	O
dysregulated	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
fluid	O
homeostasis	B-PROC
.	O

ENaC	B-PRGE
,	O
CFTR	B-PRGE
,	O
and	O
Na	B-PRGE
,	I-PRGE
K	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
ATPase	I-PRGE
activities	O
and	O
protein	B-CHED
levels	O
were	O
also	O
reduced	O
in	O
virally	O
infected	O
human	B-SPEC
airway	B-ANAT
epithelial	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
.	O

Pharmacologic	O
correction	O
of	O
CFTR	B-PRGE
function	O
ameliorated	O
IAV	O
-	O
induced	O
physiologic	O
changes	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Examination	O
of	O
Hospital	O
Workers	O
'	O
Emotional	O
Responses	O
to	O
an	O
Infectious	B-DISO
Disease	I-DISO
Outbreak	O
:	O
Lessons	O
From	O
the	O
2015	O
MERS	O
Co	O
-	O
V	O
Outbreak	O
in	O
South	O
Korea	O
.	O

Therefore	O
,	O
hospital	O
crisis	O
management	O
should	O
implement	O
efforts	O
to	O
improve	O
hospital	O
workers	O
'	O
preparedness	O
in	O
responding	O
to	O
public	O
health	O
emergencies	B-DISO
caused	O
by	O
infectious	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
.	O

For	O
fast	B-FUNC
and	O
reliable	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
the	O
causative	O
agent	O
associated	O
with	O
viral	B-DISO
diarrhea	I-DISO
in	O
pigs	B-SPEC
,	O
an	O
inexpensive	O
and	O
easy	O
to	O
perform	O
gel	O
-	O
based	O
multiplex	O
PCR	O
assay	O
was	O
developed	O
in	O
this	O
study	O
to	O
detect	O
and	O
differentiate	O
the	O
different	O
viruses	B-SPEC
by	O
amplicon	O
size	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
7	O
out	O
of	O
13	O
patients	O
showed	O
negative	O
end	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
expiratory	I-PROC
transpulmonary	O
pressures	O
(	O
Ptp	B-DISO
-)	O
with	O
both	O
strategies	O
(	O
PEEP	B-CHED

Here	O
we	O
reported	O
a	O
case	O
of	O
individualized	O
vancomycin	B-CHED
dosing	O
for	O
a	O
patient	O
diagnosed	O
as	O
severe	O
acute	B-DISO
pancreatitis	I-DISO
treated	O
with	O
concurrent	O
ECMO	O
and	O
CVVH	O
.	O

On	O
ICU	O
day	O
14	O
,	O
a	O
vancomycin	B-CHED
trough	O
serum	B-COMP
concentration	O
of	O
17	O
mg	O
/	O
L	O
was	O
obtained	O
.	O

This	O
vancomycin	B-CHED
regimen	O
was	O
successful	O
in	O
providing	O
a	O
target	O
attainment	O
of	O
trough	O
serum	B-COMP
concentration	O
ranging	O
from	O
10	O
-	O
20	O
mg	O
/	O
L	O
quickly	O
and	O
in	O
controlling	O
infection	B-DISO
-	O
related	O
symptoms	B-DISO
and	I-DISO
signs	I-DISO
properly	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
numerous	O
extra	O
-	O
cardiac	B-ANAT
conditions	O
indirectly	O
convey	O
changes	O
to	O
the	O
echocardiographic	O
appearance	O
through	O
alterations	O
in	O
the	O
governing	O
physiology	O
.	O

Overwhelming	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
inflammation	I-DISO
and	O
endothelium	B-ANAT
disruption	O
are	O
commonly	O
observed	O
.	O

The	O
presence	O
of	O
PAstV	O
and	O
PSaV	O
was	O
studied	O
in	O
411	O
rectal	O
swabs	O
collected	O
from	O
healthy	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
251	O
)	O
and	O
diarrheic	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
160	O
)	O
pigs	B-SPEC
of	O
different	O
age	O
categories	O
:	O
suckling	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
143	O
),	O
weaned	B-PROC
(	O
n	O
=	O
147	O
)	O
and	O
fattening	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
121	O
)	O
animals	B-SPEC
on	O
farms	O
in	O
Slovakia	O
.	O

PSaV	O
was	O
detected	O
less	O
often	O
,	O
but	O
also	O
equally	O
in	O
clinically	O
healthy	O
(	O
8	O
.	O
4	O
%)	O
and	O
diarrheic	O
(	O
10	O
%)	O
pigs	B-SPEC
.	O

Neither	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
nor	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
was	O
detected	O
in	O
any	O
diarrheic	O
sample	O
.	O

The	O
phylogenetic	O
analysis	O
of	O
a	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
RdRp	B-FUNC
region	O
revealed	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
all	O
five	O
lineages	O
of	O
PAstV	O
in	O
Slovakia	O
(	O
PAstV	O
-	O
1	O
-	O
PAstV	O
-	O
5	O
),	O
with	O
the	O
most	O
frequent	O
lineages	O
being	O
PAstV	O
-	O
2	O
and	O
PAstV	O
-	O
4	O
.	O

The	O
medical	O
records	O
of	O
Prince	O
Mohamed	O
Bin	O
Abdulaziz	O
Hospital	O
were	O
reviewed	O
between	O
April	O
2014	O
and	O
December	O
2015	O
to	O
identify	O
admission	O
and	O
discharge	B-ANAT
with	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
.	O
Patient	O
'	O
s	O
characteristics	O
,	O
epidemiologic	O
and	O
clinical	O
data	O
and	O
laboratory	O
results	O
were	O
extracted	O
and	O
described	O
.	O

Additionally	O
,	O
the	O
intestines	B-ANAT
of	O
bats	B-SPEC
infected	O
with	O
fungus	B-SPEC
exhibited	O
different	O
expression	B-PROC
of	O
mitogen	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
activated	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
kinase	I-PRGE
pathway	B-PROC
and	O
cytokine	O
related	O
transcripts	O
,	O
irrespective	O
of	O
viral	O
presence	O
.	O

In	O
the	O
present	O
study	O
,	O
a	O
Chinese	O
virulent	O
genotype	O
GIIb	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
strain	O
,	O
CH	O
/	O
HNPJ	O
/	O
2017	O
,	O
was	O
serially	O
propagated	O
in	O
Vero	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
for	O
up	O
to	O
90	O
passages	O
.	O

TGEV	B-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
increased	O
in	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
-	O
susceptible	O
ST	O
or	O
IPEC	O
-	O
J2	O
cell	B-ANAT
lines	I-ANAT
and	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
-	O
resistant	O
Caco	O
-	O
2	O
cells	B-COMP
when	O
porcine	B-SPEC
TfR1	O
was	O
over	O
-	O
expressed	B-PROC
.	O

Our	O
results	O
support	O
the	O
hypothesis	O
that	O
TfR1	B-PRGE
is	O
an	O
additional	O
receptor	O
for	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
and	O
assists	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
invasion	B-DISO
and	O
replication	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Our	O
study	O
investigated	O
the	O
possibility	O
that	O
TfR1	B-PRGE
can	O
serve	O
as	O
a	O
receptor	O
for	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
and	O
enables	O
the	O
invasion	B-DISO
and	O
replication	O
of	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
.	O

During	O
the	O
initial	O
stages	O
of	O
the	O
MERS	O
outbreak	O
,	O
healthcare	O
workers	O
who	O
performed	O
MERS	O
-	O
related	O
tasks	O
scored	O
significantly	O
higher	O
on	O
the	O
total	O
IES	B-CHED
-	O
R	O
and	O
its	O
subscales	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
High	O
-	O
flow	O
nasal	B-ANAT
cannula	B-SPEC
(	O
HFNC	O
)	O
therapy	O
is	O
increasingly	O
proposed	O
as	O
first	O
-	O
line	O
respiratory	O
support	O
for	O
infants	O
with	O
acute	B-DISO
viral	I-DISO
bronchiolitis	I-DISO
(	O
AVB	O
).	O

This	O
clinical	O
trial	O
was	O
recorded	O
on	O
the	O
National	O
Library	O
of	O
Medicine	B-CHED
registry	O
(	O
NCT02824744	O
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Moderate	O
Hypertriglyceridemia	O
Causing	O
Recurrent	B-DISO
Pancreatitis	I-DISO
:	O

After	O
initial	O
management	O
of	O
HTG	O
with	O
insulin	B-PRGE
infusion	O
,	O
oral	B-ANAT
gemfibrozil	B-CHED
was	O
started	O
for	O
long	O
-	O
term	O
treatment	O
of	O
HTG	O
.	O

Emerging	O
literature	O
implicates	O
HTG	O
as	O
an	O
independent	O
indicator	B-CHED
of	O
poor	O
prognosis	O
in	O
acute	B-DISO
pancreatitis	I-DISO
(	O
AP	O
).	O

To	O
demonstrate	O
the	O
potential	O
utility	O
of	O
Bayesian	O
analyses	O
by	O
estimating	O
the	O
posterior	O
probability	O
,	O
under	O
various	O
assumptions	O
,	O
that	O
early	O
ECMO	O
was	O
associated	O
with	O
reduced	O
mortality	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
very	O
severe	O
ARDS	B-DISO
in	O
a	O
randomized	O
clinical	O
trial	O
(	O
RCT	O
).	O

Post	O
hoc	O
Bayesian	O
analysis	O
of	O
data	O
from	O
a	O
randomized	O
clinical	O
trial	O
of	O
early	O
extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenation	B-PROC
compared	O
with	O
conventional	O
lung	B-ANAT
-	O
protective	O
ventilation	O
with	O
the	O
option	O
for	O
rescue	O
extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenation	B-PROC
among	O
patients	O
with	O
very	O
severe	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
provides	O
information	O
about	O
the	O
posterior	O
probability	O
of	O
mortality	O
benefit	O
under	O
a	O
broad	O
set	O
of	O
assumptions	O
that	O
may	O
help	O
inform	O
interpretation	O
of	O
the	O
study	O
findings	O
.	O

A	O
predominance	O
of	O
the	O
rhinovirus	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
was	O
observed	O
in	O
this	O
study	O
.	O

Coronavirus	B-SPEC
subtypes	O
were	O
described	O
for	O
the	O
first	O
time	O
in	O
Tunisia	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Recombinant	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
viruses	B-SPEC
expressing	O
heterologous	O
S1	O
subunits	O
:	O
potential	O
for	O
a	O
new	O
generation	O
of	O
vaccines	O
that	O
replicate	O
in	O
Vero	O
cells	O
.	O

These	O
results	O
demonstrate	O
that	O
rIBVs	O
are	O
able	O
to	O
express	O
S1	O
subunits	O
from	O
genetically	O
diverse	O
strains	O
of	O
IBV	B-SPEC
,	O
which	O
will	O
enable	O
the	O
rational	O
design	O
of	O
a	O
future	O
generation	O
of	O
IBV	B-SPEC
vaccines	O
that	O
may	O
be	O
grown	O
in	O
Vero	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
.	O

In	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
we	O
selected	O
two	O
epitope	B-CHED
peptide	B-CHED
sequences	O
within	O
the	O
receptor	B-FUNC
binding	I-FUNC
domain	O
(	O
RBD	O
)	O
of	O
the	O
MERS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
S	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
.	O

We	O
used	O
a	O
complex	O
consisting	O
of	O
the	O
epitope	B-CHED
peptide	B-CHED
of	O
the	O
MERS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
S	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
and	O
CpG	O
-	O
DNA	O
encapsulated	O
in	O
liposome	O
complex	O
to	O
immunize	O
mice	B-SPEC
,	O
and	O
produced	O
the	O
monoclonal	O
antibodies	B-COMP
506	O
-	O
2G10G5	O
and	O
492	O
-	O
1G10E4E2	O
.	O

The	O
western	O
blotting	O
data	O
showed	O
that	O
both	O
monoclonal	O
antibodies	B-COMP
detected	O
the	O
S	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
and	O
immunoprecipitated	O
the	O
native	O
form	O
of	O
the	O
S	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
emerged	O
in	O
2002	O
as	O
a	O
highly	O
transmissible	O
pathogenic	O
human	B-SPEC
betacoronavirus	B-SPEC
.	O

As	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
enters	O
host	B-COMP
cells	B-COMP
,	O
the	O
viral	O
S	O
is	O
believed	O
to	O
undergo	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
conformational	O
transitions	O
as	O
it	O
is	O
cleaved	B-ANAT
by	O
host	B-COMP
proteases	O
and	O
binds	B-FUNC
to	O
host	B-COMP
receptors	O
.	O

We	O
recently	O
developed	O
stabilizing	O
mutations	O
for	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
spikes	O
that	O
prevent	O
the	O
transition	B-DISO
from	O
the	O
pre	O
-	O
fusion	O
to	O
post	O
-	O
fusion	O
states	O
.	O

Neither	O
binding	B-FUNC
to	O
ACE2	B-PRGE
nor	O
cleavage	B-PROC
by	O
trypsin	O
at	O
the	O
S1	O
/	O
S2	O
cleavage	B-PROC
site	O
impart	O
large	O
conformational	O
changes	O
within	O
stabilized	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
S	O
or	O
expose	O
the	O
secondary	O
cleavage	B-PROC
site	O
,	O
S2	O
'.	O

Secondary	O
outcomes	O
included	O
length	O
of	O
ICU	O
and	O
hospital	O
stay	O
;	O
ICU	O
,	O
hospital	O
,	O
and	O
28	O
-	O
and	O
90	O
-	O
day	O
mortality	O
;	O
and	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
,	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
,	O
severe	O
atelectasis	B-DISO
,	O
or	O
pneumothorax	B-DISO
.	O

In	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
we	O
performed	O
qRT	O
-	O
PCR	O
and	O
viral	O
metagenomic	O
analysis	O
of	O
the	O
extraction	O
efficiency	O
of	O
four	O
commonly	O
used	O
Qiagen	O
extraction	O
kits	O
:	O
QIAamp	O
Viral	B-PRGE
RNA	I-PRGE
Mini	I-PRGE
Kit	I-PRGE
(	O
VRMK	O
),	O
QIAamp	O
MinElute	B-PRGE
Virus	I-PRGE
Spin	I-PRGE
Kit	B-FUNC
(	O
MVSK	O
),	O
RNeasy	O
Mini	O
Kit	B-FUNC
(	O
RMK	O
),	O
and	O
RNeasy	B-PRGE
Plus	I-PRGE
Micro	I-PRGE
Kit	I-PRGE
(	O
RPMK	O
),	O
using	O
a	O
mixed	O
respiratory	O
clinical	O
sample	O
without	O
any	O
pre	O
-	O
treatment	O
.	O

Most	O
importantly	O
,	O
compared	O
to	O
the	O
other	O
three	O
kits	O
the	O
highest	O
proportion	O
of	O
non	O
-	O
host	B-COMP
reads	O
was	O
obtained	O
by	O
the	O
RPMK	O
.	O

The	O
RPMK	O
was	O
most	O
applicable	O
for	O
the	O
metagenomic	O
analysis	O
of	O
viral	O
RNA	O
and	O
enabled	O
more	O
sensitive	O
identification	O
of	O
the	O
RNA	O
virus	B-SPEC
genome	O
in	O
respiratory	O
clinical	O
samples	O
.	O

In	O
addition	O
,	O
viral	O
RNA	O
extraction	O
kits	O
were	O
also	O
applicable	O
for	O
metagenomic	O
analysis	O
of	O
the	O
DNA	O
virus	B-SPEC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
ABO	O
blood	B-ANAT
types	O
and	O
major	O
outcomes	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
acute	O
hypoxaemic	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
:	O
A	O
multicenter	O
retrospective	O
cohort	O
study	O
.	O

Exclusion	O
criteria	O
included	O
meeting	O
PARDS	O
criteria	O
more	O
than	O
24	O
h	O
before	O
screening	O
,	O
cyanotic	O
heart	O
disease	O
,	O
active	O
perinatal	O
lung	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
,	O
and	O
preparation	O
or	O
recovery	O
from	O
a	O
cardiac	B-ANAT
intervention	O
.	O

Of	O
71	O
samples	O
,	O
38	O
%	O
tested	O
positive	O
for	O
H1N1	O
virus	B-SPEC
.	O

Many	O
different	O
genotypes	O
of	O
IBV	B-SPEC
are	O
recognized	O
which	O
cause	O
different	O
clinical	O
manifestations	O
.	O

According	O
to	O
the	O
antigenic	O
differences	O
,	O
different	O
serotypes	O
of	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
do	O
not	O
cross	O
-	O
protect	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
We	O
report	O
a	O
case	O
in	O
an	O
Italian	O
wolf	O
(	O
Canis	O
lupus	O
italicus	O
)	O
of	O
pantropic	O
canine	O
coronavirus	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
,	O
which	O
has	O
previously	O
been	O
detected	O
only	O
in	O
dogs	B-SPEC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
(	O
MERS	B-DISO
),	O
a	O
highly	O
lethal	O
respiratory	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
caused	O
by	O
a	O
novel	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
(	O
MERS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
),	O
is	O
an	O
emerging	O
disease	O
with	O
high	O
potential	O
for	O
epidemic	O
spread	O
.	O

Analysis	O
of	O
potential	O
recombination	B-PROC
sites	O
showed	O
that	O
CHN	B-DISO
-	O
HG	O
-	O
2017	O
is	O
a	O
possible	O
recombinant	O
originating	O
from	O
the	O
strains	O
CH	O
/	O
SXD1	B-PRGE
/	O
2015	O
and	O
Vietnam	O
/	O
HaNoi6	O
/	O
2015	O
.	O

Interestingly	O
,	O
high	O
titers	O
of	O
virus	B-SPEC
-	O
neutralizing	O
antibodies	B-COMP
in	O
sera	B-COMP
were	O
detected	O
at	O
21	O
DPI	O
.	O

Our	O
analysis	O
of	O
the	O
full	O
genome	O
sequence	O
of	O
a	O
recombinant	O
PDCoV	O
and	O
its	O
virulence	B-PROC
in	O
suckling	O
piglets	O
might	O
provide	O
new	O
insights	O
into	O
the	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
of	O
PDCoV	O
and	O
facilitate	O
further	O
investigation	O
of	O
this	O
newly	O
emerged	O
pathogen	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Prevalence	O
of	O
avian	B-DISO
influenza	I-DISO
,	O
Newcastle	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
,	O
and	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
viruses	B-SPEC
in	O
broiler	O
flocks	O
infected	O
with	O
multifactorial	O
respiratory	O
diseases	O
in	O
Iran	O
,	O
2015	O
-	O
2016	O
.	O

Thus	O
,	O
the	O
permanent	O
monitoring	O
of	O
cases	O
that	O
have	O
occurred	O
and	O
the	O
review	O
of	O
vaccination	O
plans	O
of	O
affected	O
flocks	O
every	O
year	O
are	O
some	O
of	O
the	O
necessary	O
measures	O
needed	O
for	O
strategic	O
control	O
of	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
in	O
broilers	O
.	O

Spontaneous	O
breathing	B-PROC
was	O
associated	O
with	O
increased	O
ventilator	O
-	O
free	O
days	O
(	O
13	O
[	O
0	O
-	O
22	O
]	O
vs	O
8	O
[	O
0	O
-	O
20	O
];	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
014	O
)	O
and	O
shorter	O
duration	O
of	O
ICU	O
stay	O
(	O
11	O
[	O
6	O
-	O
20	O
]	O
vs	O
12	O
[	O
7	O
-	O
22	O
];	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
04	O
).	O

Although	O
these	O
results	O
support	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
spontaneous	O
breathing	B-PROC
in	I-PROC
patients	O
with	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
independent	O
of	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
severity	O
,	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
controlled	O
ventilation	O
indicates	O
a	O
bias	B-SPEC
toward	O
use	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
higher	O
disease	O
severity	O
.	O

Our	O
findings	O
will	O
aid	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
preventive	O
and	O
therapeutic	O
strategies	O
for	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Development	B-PROC
and	O
validation	O
of	O
a	O
monoclonal	O
antibody	B-COMP
-	O
based	O
competitive	O
ELISA	O
for	O
detection	O
of	O
antibodies	O
against	O
porcine	B-SPEC
epidemic	I-SPEC
diarrhoea	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
).	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Hematopoietic	B-PRGE
stem	I-PRGE
cell	I-PRGE
transplant	B-ANAT
(	O
HSCT	O
)	O
recipients	O
are	O
at	O
increased	O
risk	O
of	O
respiratory	O
viral	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
and	O
their	O
associated	O
complications	O
.	O

We	O
conclude	O
that	O
HCoV	O
is	O
common	O
and	O
clinically	O
significant	O
in	O
HSCT	O
recipients	O
,	O
with	O
nearly	O
one	O
-	O
third	O
of	O
patients	O
progressing	O
to	O
proven	O
or	O
probable	O
LRTI	B-DISO
.	O

In	O
addition	O
,	O
the	O
appearance	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
in	O
2003	O
,	O
widespread	O
and	O
continued	O
outbreaks	O
of	O
avian	B-DISO
influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
(	O
H5N1	B-DISO
)	O
since	O
2004	O
,	O
the	O
H1N1	O
pandemic	O
in	O
2009	O
and	O
emergence	O
of	O
MERS	O
CoV	O
in	O
2012	O
reflect	O
the	O
seriousness	O
of	O
public	O
health	O
challenges	O
posed	O
by	O
influenza	O
and	O
emerging	O
respiratory	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
.	O

In	O
France	O
,	O
the	O
immune	B-PROC
status	I-PROC
of	O
the	O
pig	B-SPEC
population	O
against	O
PED	O
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
)	O
was	O
expected	O
to	O
be	O
low	O
due	O
to	O
the	O
absence	O
of	O
circulation	B-PROC
of	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
since	O
the	O
80	O
'	O
s	O
and	O
a	O
compulsory	O
notification	O
of	O
PED	O
was	O
set	O
up	O
in	O
2014	O
.	O

Here	O
,	O
we	O
reported	O
the	O
first	O
case	O
of	O
a	O
PED	O
outbreak	O
in	O
December	O
2014	O
in	O
the	O
North	O
of	O
France	O
after	O
a	O
long	O
absence	O
of	O
the	O
disease	O
,	O
the	O
monitoring	O
of	O
the	O
excretion	B-PROC
and	O
the	O
control	O
measure	O
implementation	O
.	O

An	O
increase	O
to	O
a	O
pH	O
12	O
of	O
liquid	O
manure	O
by	O
liming	O
led	O
to	O
the	O
absence	O
of	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
detection	O
by	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
after	O
seven	O
days	O
.	O

Supportive	O
treatment	O
includes	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
lung	B-ANAT
-	O
protective	O
ventilatory	O
strategies	O
that	O
decrease	O
the	O
work	B-PROC
of	I-PROC
breathing	I-PROC
,	O
can	O
improve	O
oxygenation	B-PROC
,	O
and	O
minimize	O
ventilator	O
-	O
induced	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
.	O

Our	O
focus	O
is	O
on	O
platelet	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
endothelial	B-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
adhesion	I-PRGE
molecule	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
,	O
which	O
contributes	O
to	O
the	O
maintenance	O
and	O
restoration	O
of	O
vascular	B-ANAT
integrity	O
following	O
barrier	O
disruption	O
.	O

Fever	B-PROC
,	O
above	O
38	O
.	O
5	O
-	O
39	O
.	O
5	O
°	O
C	O
,	O
increases	O
both	O
the	O
ventilatory	O
(	O
high	O
respiratory	O
drive	O
:	O
large	O
tidal	O
volume	O
,	O
high	O
respiratory	O
rate	O
)	O
and	O
the	O
metabolic	B-PROC
(	O
increased	O
O2	O
consumption	O
)	O
demands	O
,	O
further	O
limiting	O
the	O
cardio	O
-	O
ventilatory	O
reserve	O
.	O

Some	O
data	O
(	O
case	O
reports	O
,	O
uncontrolled	O
trial	O
,	O
small	O
randomized	O
prospective	O
trials	O
)	O
suggest	O
that	O
control	O
of	O
elevated	O
body	B-ANAT
temperature	O
"("""	O
fever	B-PROC
control	O
""")"	O
leading	O
to	O
normothermia	O
(	O
35	O
.	O
5	O
-	O
37	O
°	O
C	O
)	O
will	O
lower	O
both	O
the	O
ventilatory	O
and	O
metabolic	B-PROC
demands	O
:	O
fever	B-PROC
control	O
should	O
simplify	O
critical	O
care	O
management	O
when	O
limited	O
cardio	O
-	O
ventilatory	O
reserve	O
is	O
at	O
stake	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Evaluation	O
of	O
a	O
recombination	B-PROC
-	O
resistant	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
as	O
a	O
broadly	O
applicable	O
,	O
rapidly	O
implementable	O
vaccine	O
platform	O
.	O

Vaccines	O
are	O
key	O
for	O
reducing	O
coronaviral	O
disease	O
burden	O
;	O
however	O
,	O
the	O
utility	O
of	O
live	O
-	O
attenuated	O
vaccines	O
is	O
limited	O
by	O
risks	O
of	O
reversion	O
or	O
repair	B-PROC
.	O

Because	O
of	O
their	O
history	O
of	O
emergence	O
events	O
due	O
to	O
their	O
prevalence	O
in	O
zoonotic	O
pools	O
,	O
designing	O
live	O
-	O
attenuated	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
vaccines	O
that	O
can	O
be	O
rapidly	O
and	O
broadly	O
implemented	O
is	O
essential	O
for	O
outbreak	O
preparedness	O
.	O

While	O
a	O
3	O
-	O
nt	O
rewired	O
TRN	O
reverts	O
via	O
second	O
-	O
site	O
mutation	O
upon	O
serial	O
passage	O
,	O
a	O
7	O
-	O
nt	O
rewired	O
TRN	O
is	O
more	O
stable	O
,	O
suggesting	O
that	O
a	O
more	O
extensively	O
rewired	O
TRN	O
might	O
be	O
essential	O
for	O
avoiding	O
growth	B-PROC
selection	O
.	O

Retrospective	O
chart	O
reviews	O
were	O
performed	O
to	O
identify	O
all	O
laboratory	O
-	O
confirmed	O
cases	O
of	O
MERS	O
-	O
COV	O
infection	B-DISO
in	O
Saudi	O
Arabia	O
that	O
were	O
reported	O
to	O
the	O
Ministry	O
of	O
Health	O
of	O
Saudi	O
Arabia	O
between	O
23	O
April	O
2014	O
and	O
7	O
June	O
2016	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Transforming	O
Growth	B-PROC
Factor	O
-	O
β1	O
in	O
predicting	O
early	O
lung	B-ANAT
fibroproliferation	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

Pulmonary	B-ANAT
levels	O
of	O
TGF	O
-	O
β1	O
during	O
the	O
first	O
week	O
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
were	O
not	O
associated	O
nor	O
with	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
fibroproliferation	O
neither	O
with	O
death	B-PROC
.	O

The	O
current	O
available	O
literature	O
suggests	O
that	O
48	O
h	O
of	O
NMBA	O
therapy	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
early	O
,	O
severe	O
ARDS	B-DISO
improves	O
mortality	O
,	O
without	O
resulting	O
in	O
additional	O
patient	O
harm	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Prospects	O
for	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
spherical	O
gold	B-CHED
nanoparticles	B-CHED
in	O
immunization	O
.	O

We	O
used	O
spherical	O
gold	B-CHED
nanoparticles	B-CHED
(	O
average	O
diameter	O
,	O
15	O
nm	O
)	O
as	O
a	O
platform	O
for	O
the	O
antigen	B-CHED
for	O
swine	B-DISO
transmissible	I-DISO
gastroenteritis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
).	O

The	O
increased	O
concentration	O
of	O
IL	O
-	O
1β	O
in	O
the	O
immunized	O
animals	B-SPEC
directly	O
correlated	O
with	O
the	O
activity	O
of	O
macrophages	B-ANAT
and	O
stimulated	O
B	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
,	O
which	O
produce	O
this	O
cytokine	O
when	O
activated	O
.	O

The	O
activation	O
or	O
cleavage	B-PROC
of	O
main	O
apoptosis	B-PATH
-	O
associated	O
molecular	O
such	O
as	O
AIFM1	B-PRGE
,	O
caspase	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
3	I-PRGE
,	O
caspase	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
8	I-PRGE
,	O
caspase	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
9	I-PRGE
and	O
PARP	B-PRGE
in	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
infected	O
host	B-COMP
cells	B-COMP
were	O
analyzed	O
by	O
western	O
blotting	O
.	O

The	O
overexpressing	O
plasmids	O
of	O
16	O
non	O
-	O
structural	O
proteins	B-CHED
(	O
Nsp1	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
16	I-PRGE
)	O
and	O
6	O
structural	O
proteins	B-CHED
(	O
M	O
,	O
N	O
,	O
E	O
,	O
ORF3	O
,	O
S1	O
and	O
S2	O
)	O
were	O
constructed	O
by	O
cloning	O
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
S1	B-PRGE
Spike	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
is	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
most	O
critical	O
functional	O
proteins	B-CHED
that	O
contribute	O
to	O
cell	B-COMP
apoptosis	B-PATH
.	O

Furthermore	O
,	O
we	O
orally	B-ANAT
inoculated	O
five	O
groups	O
of	O
5	O
-	O
day	O
-	O
old	O
gnotobiotic	O
piglets	O
with	O
the	O
three	O
mutants	O
,	O
icPC22A	O
,	O
or	O
a	O
mock	O
treatment	O
.	O

The	O
MERS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
spike	I-PRGE
(	I-PRGE
S	I-PRGE
)	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
binds	B-FUNC
to	O
the	O
cellular	B-COMP
protein	B-CHED
DPP4	B-PRGE
via	O
its	O
receptor	B-FUNC
binding	I-FUNC
domain	O
(	O
RBD	O
)	O
and	O
mediates	O
viral	O
entry	O
into	O
target	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
.	O

All	O
adult	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
malaria	B-PATH
were	O
studied	O
during	O
2012	O
-	O
2014	O
.	O

Within	O
several	O
days	O
of	O
hospitalization	O
,	O
patient	O
developed	O
acute	O
worsening	O
of	O
his	O
chronic	B-DISO
hypercapnic	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
thought	O
to	O
be	O
due	O
to	O
worsening	O
of	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
arterial	B-ANAT
hypertension	I-DISO
with	O
right	B-DISO
heart	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
.	O

Disease	O
status	O
of	O
the	O
animals	B-SPEC
was	O
determined	O
using	O
a	O
combination	O
of	O
gross	O
pathology	B-DISO
,	O
histopathology	O
and	O
/	O
or	O
'	B-PRGE
FIP	I-PRGE
profile	I-PRGE
',	I-PRGE
consisting	O
of	O
serology	O
,	O
clinical	O
pathology	B-DISO
and	O
clinical	O
signs	O
.	O

Viruses	B-SPEC
were	O
detected	O
in	O
1254	O
(	O
64	O
.	O
6	O
%)	O
children	O
at	O
enrollment	O
;	O
HRV	O
,	O
RSV	B-PRGE
,	O
HAdV	O
and	O
hMPV	B-SPEC
were	O
detected	O
in	O
499	O
(	O
25	O
.	O
7	O
%),	O
439	O
(	O
22	O
.	O
6	O
%),	O
156	O
(	O
8	O
.	O
0	O
%)	O
and	O
47	O
(	O
2	O
.	O
4	O
%)	O
children	O
,	O
respectively	O
.	O

In	O
an	O
effort	B-PROC
to	O
improve	O
knowledge	O
about	O
the	O
practice	O
of	O
respiratory	O
protection	O
against	O
respiratory	O
infectious	B-DISO
agents	O
,	O
a	O
NIOSH	O
-	O
funded	O
project	O
that	O
included	O
an	O
educational	O
program	O
,	O
observations	O
of	O
HCWs	O
,	O
and	O
focus	O
groups	O
was	O
conducted	O
.	O

This	O
study	O
identified	O
respiratory	O
protection	O
practice	O
issues	O
among	O
HCWs	O
and	O
strategies	O
for	O
integration	B-PROC
of	O
respiratory	O
protection	O
standards	O
and	O
procedures	O
into	O
practice	O
.	O

A	O
lipopolysaccharide	B-CHED
(	O
LPS	B-DISO
)-	O
induced	O
ALI	O
rat	B-SPEC
model	O
was	O
established	O
through	O
intratracheal	O
instillation	O
.	O

The	O
wet	O
/	O
dry	O
ratios	O
of	O
lung	B-ANAT
tissues	I-ANAT
were	O
measured	O
,	O
and	O
bronchoalveolar	B-ANAT
lavage	I-ANAT
fluid	I-ANAT
(	O
BALF	O
)	O
was	O
collected	O
to	O
test	O
protein	B-CHED
concentrations	O
,	O
total	O
cell	B-COMP
/	O
macrophage	B-ANAT
numbers	O
,	O
and	O
pro	B-CHED
-	O
inflammatory	O
cytokine	O
levels	O
.	O

LPS	B-DISO
-	O
induced	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
33	I-FUNC
autocrine	B-PROC
upregulated	O
the	O
expression	B-PROC
of	O
MMP2	B-PRGE
and	O
MMP9	B-PRGE
through	O
activating	O
STAT3	B-PRGE
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
In	O
September	O
2012	O
,	O
a	O
novel	O
coronavirus	O
was	O
isolated	O
from	O
a	O
patient	O
who	O
died	B-PROC
in	O
Saudi	O
Arabia	O
after	O
presenting	O
with	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
and	O
acute	O
kidney	B-ANAT
injury	O
.	O

Analysis	O
revealed	O
the	O
disease	O
to	O
be	O
due	O
to	O
a	O
novel	O
virus	B-SPEC
which	O
was	O
named	O
Middle	O
East	O
Respiratory	O
Coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
).	O

In	O
this	O
review	O
we	O
highlight	O
epidemiological	O
,	O
clinical	O
,	O
and	O
infection	B-DISO
control	O
aspects	O
of	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
as	O
informed	O
by	O
the	O
Saudi	O
experience	O
.	O

These	O
findings	O
suggest	O
that	O
cleavage	B-PROC
at	O
S2	O
'	O
is	O
carried	O
out	O
by	O
proteases	O
recognizing	O
a	O
single	O
arginine	B-CHED
,	O
most	O
likely	O
TMPRSS2	B-PRGE
and	O
cathepsin	B-PRGE
L	I-PRGE
.	O
Finally	O
,	O
mutation	O
of	O
the	O
proposed	O
cathepsin	B-PRGE
L	I-PRGE
site	I-PRGE
did	O
not	O
impact	O
viral	O
entry	O
and	O
double	O
mutation	O
of	O
S1	O
/	O
S2	O
and	O
S2	O
'	O
site	O
was	O
compatible	O
with	O
cathepsin	B-PRGE
L	I-PRGE
-	O
but	O
not	O
TMPRSS2	O
-	O
dependent	O
host	B-COMP
cell	I-COMP
entry	O
,	O
indicating	O
that	O
cathepsin	B-PRGE
L	I-PRGE
can	O
process	O
the	O
S	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
at	O
auxiliary	O
sites	O
.	O

Usually	O
,	O
CNS	B-CHED
pathologies	O
are	O
caused	O
by	O
known	O
neurotropic	O
viruses	B-SPEC
such	O
as	O
measles	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
MV	O
),	O
herpes	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
and	O
human	B-DISO
immunodeficiency	I-DISO
virus	I-DISO
(	O
HIV	B-DISO
),	O
among	O
others	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
nowadays	O
respiratory	O
viruses	B-SPEC
have	O
placed	O
themselves	O
as	O
relevant	O
agents	O
responsible	O
for	O
CNS	B-CHED
pathologies	O
.	O

To	O
evaluate	O
the	O
potential	O
for	O
improvement	O
in	O
management	O
of	O
patients	O
with	O
ARDS	B-DISO
,	O
this	O
study	O
was	O
designed	O
to	O
describe	O
the	O
incidence	O
and	O
management	O
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
in	O
mainland	O
China	O
.	O

ClinicalTrials	O
.	O
gov	O
NCT01666834	O
;	O
date	O
of	O
registration	O
release	B-PATH
:	O
August	O
14	O

To	O
study	O
the	O
effects	O
of	O
halogenated	O
agents	O
on	O
alveolar	B-ANAT
epithelial	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
under	O
""""	O
physiologic	O
""""	O
conditions	O
,	O
we	O
describe	O
an	O
easy	O
system	O
to	O
culture	O
cells	B-COMP
at	O
the	O
air	B-CHED
-	O
liquid	O
interface	O
and	O
expose	O
them	O
to	O
halogenated	O
agents	O
to	O
provide	O
precise	O
controlled	O
""""	O
air	B-CHED
""""	O
fractions	O
and	O
""""	O
medium	O
""""	O
concentrations	O
for	O
these	O
agents	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
HCoV	O
was	O
present	O
in	O
9	O
.	O
1	O
%	O
(	O
313	O
/	O
3458	O
)	O
of	O
all	O
RTI	B-DISO
episodes	O
:	O
46	O
.	O
6	O
%	O
OC43	O
,	O
32	O
.	O
3	O
%	O
NL63	O
,	O
16	O
.	O
0	O
%	O
HKU1	O
,	O
and	O
5	O
.	O
8	O
%	O
229E	O
.	O

Pregnant	O
women	O
infected	O
with	O
influenza	B-SPEC
A	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
were	O
at	O
increased	O
risk	O
of	O
hospitalization	O
and	O
severe	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
),	O
which	O
is	O
associated	O
with	O
high	O
mortality	O
,	O
while	O
their	O
newborns	O
had	O
an	O
increased	O
risk	O
of	O
pre	O
-	O
term	B-PROC
birth	I-PROC
or	O
low	O
birth	B-PROC
weight	O
.	O

Pregnant	O
women	O
have	O
a	O
unique	O
immunological	O
profile	O
modulated	O
by	O
the	O
sex	B-CHED
hormones	I-CHED
required	O
to	O
maintain	O
pregnancy	O
,	O
namely	O
progesterone	B-CHED
and	O
estrogens	B-CHED
.	O

Following	O
this	O
,	O
he	O
was	O
diagnosed	O
with	O
bacterial	B-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
and	O
treated	O
with	O
tazobactam	O
/	O
piperacillin	B-CHED
;	O
however	O
,	O
he	O
showed	O
little	O
clinical	O
improvement	O
with	O
this	O
treatment	O
approach	O
.	O

Consequently	O
,	O
with	O
this	O
treatment	O
,	O
he	O
recovered	O
from	O
severe	O
mycoplasma	B-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
.	O

In	O
patients	O
who	O
present	O
with	O
severe	O
mycoplasma	B-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
with	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
,	O
nasal	B-ANAT
high	O
-	O
flow	O
oxygen	B-CHED
therapy	O
can	O
help	O
reduce	O
the	O
needs	O
for	O
ventilator	O
management	O
including	O
intubation	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
is	O
an	O
emerging	O
zoonotic	O
pathogen	O
discovered	O
in	O
2012	O
.	O

We	O
summarize	O
characteristics	O
of	O
animal	B-SPEC
studies	O
including	O
study	O
design	O
,	O
study	O
population	O
and	O
outcomes	O
of	O
interest	O
for	O
future	O
transmission	O
modelling	O
in	O
the	O
reservoir	O
population	O
.	O

From	O
2011	O
to	O
2014	O
,	O
a	O
birth	B-PROC
cohort	O
of	O
infants	O
in	O
rural	O
Nepal	O
was	O
enrolled	O
and	O
followed	O
with	O
weekly	O
household	O
-	O
based	O
active	O
surveillance	O
for	O
respiratory	B-DISO
symptoms	I-DISO
until	O
6	O
months	O
of	O
age	O
.	O

The	O
risk	O
of	O
primary	O
and	O
repeated	O
infections	B-DISO
with	O
the	O
same	O
virus	B-SPEC
was	O
evaluated	O
using	O
Poisson	O
regression	O
.	O

In	O
infants	O
in	O
rural	O
Nepal	O
,	O
repeated	O
respiratory	O
virus	B-SPEC
infections	B-DISO
were	O
frequent	O
,	O
and	O
we	O
found	O
no	O
decrease	O
in	O
illness	O
severity	O
with	O
repeated	O
infections	B-DISO
and	O
no	O
evidence	O
of	O
replacement	O
with	O
another	O
virus	B-SPEC
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Of	O
3528	O
infants	O
,	O
1726	O
(	O
49	O
%)	O
had	O
a	O
primary	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
,	O
and	O
419	O
(	O
12	O
%)	O
had	O
a	O
repeated	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

Influenza	B-DISO
has	O
been	O
reported	O
from	O
Indian	O
Hajj	O
and	O
Umrah	O
returning	O
pilgrims	O
,	O
but	O
data	O
on	O
other	O
respiratory	O
pathogens	O
are	O
sparse	O
in	O
India	O
.	O

Here	O
,	O
we	O
report	O
the	O
detection	O
of	O
rhinovirus	B-SPEC
C	O
in	O
a	O
boy	O
with	O
a	O
clinical	O
presentation	O
of	O
myocarditis	B-DISO
,	O
suggesting	O
a	O
possible	O
causative	O
role	O
of	O
this	O
virus	B-SPEC
in	O
this	O
case	O
.	O

Further	O
characterization	O
of	O
the	O
enterovirus	B-SPEC
group	O
was	O
carried	O
out	O
using	O
PCR	O
with	O
primers	O
targeting	B-PROC
the	O
VP4	B-PRGE
/	O
VP2	B-PRGE
gene	O
,	O
followed	O
by	O
sequencing	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Ehrlichiosis	B-DISO
presenting	O
as	O
severe	B-DISO
sepsis	I-DISO
and	O
meningoencephalitis	B-DISO
in	O
an	O
immunocompetent	O
adult	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Molecular	O
identification	O
of	O
Betacoronavirus	B-SPEC
in	O
bats	B-SPEC
from	O
Sardinia	O
(	O
Italy	O
):	O
first	O
detection	O
and	O
phylogeny	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
is	O
a	O
complication	B-DISO
that	O
affects	O
approximately	O
40	O
%	O
of	O
burn	O
patients	O
and	O
is	O
associated	O
with	O
high	O
mortality	O
rates	O
.	O

We	O
identified	O
8	O
patients	O
who	O
had	O
ARDS	B-DISO
secondary	O
to	O
burn	O
who	O
were	O
placed	O
onto	O
ECMO	O
during	O
this	O
10	O
-	O
year	O
period	O
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
Mortality	O
in	O
burn	O
patients	O
with	O
ARDS	B-DISO
who	O
are	O
managed	O
with	O
ECMO	O
is	O
extremely	O
low	O
.	O

This	O
manuscript	O
describes	O
a	O
readily	O
available	O
and	O
relatively	O
simple	O
adjunct	O
that	O
can	O
provide	O
partial	O
lung	B-ANAT
support	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
complicated	O
by	O
severe	O
hypercapnia	B-DISO
and	O
acute	O
kidney	B-ANAT
injury	O
requiring	O
dialysis	B-SPEC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
The	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
:	O
pathophysiology	O
,	O
current	O
clinical	O
practice	O
,	O
and	O
emerging	O
therapies	O
.	O

According	O
to	O
the	O
outcomes	O
,	O
the	O
patients	O
were	O
divided	O
into	O
ARDS	B-DISO
group	O
and	O
non	O
-	O
ARDS	B-DISO
group	O
.	O

The	O
top	O
four	O
prevalence	O
diseases	O
in	O
the	O
emergency	B-DISO
critical	O
disease	O
spectrum	O
were	O
cardiovascular	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
[	O
41	O
.	O
8	O
%,	O
716	O
males	O
and	O
610	O
females	O
,	O
age	O
(	O
70	O
.	O
25	O
±	O
15	O
.	O
08	O
)	O
years	O
old	O
],	O
nervous	B-DISO
system	I-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
[	O
26	O
.	O
7	O
%,	O
502	O
males	O
and	O
346	O
females	O
,	O
age	O
(	O
60	O
.	O
28	O
±	O
17	O
.	O
57	O
)	O
years	O
old	O
],	O
respiratory	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
[	O
12	O
.	O
3	O
%,	O
226	O
males	O
and	O
166	O
females	O
,	O
age	O
(	O
72	O
.	O
96	O
±	O
16	O
.	O
23	O
)	O
years	O
old	O
]	O
and	O
digestive	B-DISO
system	I-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
[	O
5	O
.	O
6	O
%,	O
119	O
males	O
and	O
60	O
females	O
,	O
age	O
(	O
65	O
.	O
40	O
±	O
17	O
.	O
96	O
)	O
years	O
old	O
],	O
accounting	O
for	O
86	O
.	O
4	O
%	O
of	O
the	O
total	O
.	O

The	O
high	O
incidence	O
of	O
acute	O
critical	B-DISO
illness	I-DISO
in	O
the	O
emergency	B-DISO
department	O
occurred	O
in	O
winter	O
(	O
287	O
cases	O
in	O
December	O
and	O
277	O
cases	O
in	O
January	O
)	O
and	O
the	O
early	O
stage	O
of	O
spring	O
(	O
282	O
cases	O
in	O
March	O
).	O

The	O
average	O
treatment	O
time	O
of	O
critically	B-DISO
ill	I-DISO
patients	O
in	O
emergency	B-DISO
room	O
was	O
1	O
.	O
5	O
days	O
(	O
the	O
longest	O
was	O
23	O
.	O
0	O
days	O
,	O
the	O
shortest	O
was	O
6	O
minutes	O
),	O
among	O
them	O
,	O
85	O
.	O
6	O
%	O
of	O
the	O
patients	O
could	O
be	O
discharged	O
from	O
the	O
emergency	B-DISO
within	O
3	O
days	O
,	O
and	O
1	O
.	O
9	O
%	O
of	O
the	O
patients	O
stayed	O
in	O
the	O
emergency	B-DISO
for	O
more	O
than	O
7	O
days	O
.	O

Patients	O
with	O
chronic	B-DISO
renal	I-DISO
impairment	I-DISO
represented	O
a	O
particularly	O
high	O
-	O
risk	O
group	O
that	O
should	O
receive	O
extra	O
caution	O
during	O
suspected	O
or	O
confirmed	O
MERS	O
cases	O
clinical	O
care	O
assignment	O
and	O
during	O
outbreaks	O
.	O

Moreover	O
,	O
a	O
phylogenetic	O
analysis	O
of	O
the	O
18	B-PRGE
complete	I-PRGE
VP1	I-PRGE
sequences	I-PRGE
from	O
this	O
study	O
revealed	O
that	O
14	O
strains	O
belonged	O
to	O
lineage	O
1	O
and	O
4	O
strains	O
belonged	O
to	O
lineage	O
3	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
in	O
ovo	B-SPEC
delivery	O
of	O
cytosine	B-CHED
-	O
guanosine	B-CHED
(	O
CpG	O
)	O
oligodeoxynucleotides	O
(	O
ODNs	O
)	O
protects	O
chickens	B-SPEC
against	O
many	O
bacterial	O
and	O
viral	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
,	O
by	O
activating	O
the	O
toll	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
like	I-PRGE
receptor	I-PRGE
(	O
TLR	O
)	O
21	O
signaling	B-PROC
pathway	I-PROC
.	O

Although	O
the	O
delivery	O
of	O
CpG	O
ODNs	O
in	O
ovo	B-SPEC
at	O
embryo	B-ANAT
day	O
(	O
ED	O
)	O
18	O
has	O
been	O
shown	O
to	O
reduce	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
IBV	B-SPEC
)	O
loads	O
in	O
embryonic	B-ANAT
chicken	B-SPEC
lungs	B-ANAT
pre	O
-	O
hatch	B-PROC
,	O
whether	O
in	O
ovo	B-SPEC
delivered	O
CpG	O
ODNs	O
are	O
capable	O
of	O
protecting	O
chickens	B-SPEC
against	O
a	O
post	O
-	O
hatch	B-PROC
challenge	O
is	O
unknown	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Patients	O
experiencing	O
early	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
have	O
high	O
postoperative	O
mortality	O
after	O
pneumonectomy	O
.	O

Risk	O
factors	O
and	O
outcome	O
of	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
were	O
assessed	O
in	O
univariate	O
and	O
multivariate	O
analysis	O
.	O

The	O
aim	O
of	O
our	O
study	O
was	O
to	O
review	O
polygraphic	O
(	O
PG	O
)	O
findings	O
and	O
the	O
need	O
for	O
noninvasive	O
continuous	O
positive	O
airway	B-ANAT
pressure	O
(	O
CPAP	O
)	O
or	O
noninvasive	O
ventilation	O
(	O
NIV	O
)	O
in	O
children	O
with	O
MPS	B-DISO
IVA	I-DISO
.	O

Larger	O
trials	O
are	O
needed	O
to	O
assess	O
efficacy	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
viability	O
of	O
MSCs	B-FUNC
must	O
be	O
improved	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Neuromuscular	O
blocking	B-DISO
agents	O
for	O
adult	O
patients	O
with	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
:	O
A	O
meta	O
-	O
analysis	O
of	O
randomized	O
controlled	O
trials	O
.	O

We	O
included	O
randomized	O
controlled	O
trials	O
that	O
evaluated	O
NMBAs	O
compared	O
with	O
placebo	O
or	O
usual	O
treatment	O
in	O
adult	O
patients	O
with	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

Protective	O
ventilation	O
strategies	O
based	O
NMBAs	O
treatment	O
reduces	O
mortality	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
moderate	O
to	O
severe	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
Protective	O
ventilation	O
strategies	O
based	O
NMBAs	O
treatment	O
reduces	O
mortality	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
moderate	O
to	O
severe	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

Thus	O
,	O
the	O
establishment	O
of	O
BP	O
-	O
caKII	O
and	O
the	O
identified	O
mutations	O
in	O
this	O
study	O
may	O
provide	O
insight	O
into	O
the	O
genetic	O
background	O
of	O
embryo	B-ANAT
and	O
cold	B-DISO
adaptations	B-PROC
,	O
and	O
the	O
attenuation	O
of	O
coronaviruses	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
the	O
role	O
of	O
T	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
on	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
dysfunctions	O
in	O
immune	O
-	O
competent	O
patients	O
with	O
ARDS	B-DISO
is	O
only	O
incompletely	O
understood	O
.	O

The	O
most	O
common	O
site	O
of	O
infection	B-DISO
was	O
the	O
lung	B-ANAT
(	O
31	O
%).	O

Particularly	O
,	O
the	O
efficacious	O
suppression	B-DISO
of	O
the	O
IFN	B-PRGE
cascade	O
contributes	O
to	O
disease	B-DISO
progression	I-DISO
and	O
severity	O
.	O

Insights	O
into	O
the	O
structural	O
characteristics	O
of	O
VP35	O
and	O
VP24	O
domains	O
revealed	O
crucial	O
pockets	O
exploitable	O
for	O
drug	O
development	B-PROC
.	O

S	O
is	O
the	O
primary	O
target	O
for	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
vaccine	O
and	O
antibody	B-COMP
development	B-PROC
,	O
and	O
it	O
has	O
become	O
increasingly	O
important	O
to	O
understand	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
antibody	B-COMP
binding	B-FUNC
specificity	O
and	O
function	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Porcine	B-SPEC
endemic	O
diarrhea	B-DISO
virus	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
regulates	O
long	O
noncoding	O
RNA	B-PROC
expression	I-PROC
.	O

These	O
findings	O
provide	O
the	O
first	O
large	O
-	O
scale	O
survey	O
of	O
lncRNAs	O
associated	O
with	O
PEDV	O
infection	B-DISO
,	O
specifically	O
the	O
lncRNAs	O
responsible	O
for	O
the	O
activation	O
of	O
the	O
immune	B-ANAT
system	I-ANAT
within	O
the	O
ileum	B-ANAT
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Virus	B-SPEC
neutralization	I-PROC
study	O
using	O
H120	O
,	O
H52	O
,	O
793	O
/	O
B	O
antisera	O
against	O
Iranian	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
genotypes	O
.	O

Principally	O
,	O
the	O
serotypes	O
are	O
identified	O
by	O
virus	B-PROC
neutralization	I-PROC
(	O
VN	O
)	O
tests	O
.	O

The	O
data	O
are	O
useful	O
for	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
new	O
vaccine	O
strategies	O
.	O

Keywords	O
:	O
avian	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
bronchitis	I-DISO
;	O
Iran	O
;	O
virus	B-PROC
neutralization	I-PROC
.	O

Moreover	O
,	O
chickens	B-SPEC
infected	O
with	O
the	O
GD	O
strain	O
showed	O
inefficient	O
recovery	O
of	O
damaged	O
cilia	B-COMP
after	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

In	O
the	O
present	O
study	O
,	O
we	O
used	O
low	O
dose	O
of	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
to	O
infect	O
p53	B-PRGE
wild	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
type	I-PRGE
PK	I-PRGE
-	O
15	O
cells	B-COMP
(	O
WT	O
PK	O
-	O
15	O
cells	B-COMP
)	O
and	O
p53	B-PRGE
deficient	O
cells	B-COMP
(	O
p53	B-PRGE
-/-	I-PRGE
PK	I-PRGE
-	O
15	O
cells	B-COMP
),	O
to	O
investigate	O
the	O
modulation	O
of	O
IFN	B-PRGE
signaling	B-PROC
and	O
virus	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
by	O
p53	B-PRGE
.	O

Evidence	O
-	O
based	O
management	O
includes	O
early	O
administration	O
of	O
empiric	O
antibiotics	B-CHED
against	O
plausible	O
bacterial	O
pathogens	O
while	O
awaiting	O
results	O
of	O
microbiologic	O
cultures	O
.	O

He	O
was	O
started	O
on	O
broad	O
-	O
spectrum	O
antibiotics	B-CHED
and	O
was	O
found	O
to	O
have	O
septic	O
thrombophlebitis	O
of	O
the	O
left	B-ANAT
internal	I-ANAT
jugular	I-ANAT
vein	I-ANAT
(	O
Lemierre	B-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
),	O
with	O
blood	B-ANAT
cultures	O
growing	O
Fusobacterium	B-SPEC
necrophorum	I-SPEC
.	O

He	O
eventually	O
developed	O
bilateral	O
empyemas	O
growing	O
Mycoplasma	B-SPEC
hominis	I-SPEC
.	O

A	O
subgroup	O
analysis	O
was	O
also	O
done	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
response	O
to	O
passive	O
leg	B-ANAT
raise	O
(	O
PLR	O
).	O

Critically	B-DISO
ill	I-DISO
patients	O
with	O
H1N1	O
ARDS	B-DISO
have	O
increased	O
risk	O
of	O
venous	B-ANAT
thrombotic	O
complications	O
,	O
particularly	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
thromboembolism	I-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Twitter	O
and	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
,	O
South	O
Korea	O
,	O
2015	O
:	O
A	O
multi	O
-	O
lingual	B-ANAT
study	O
.	O

Among	O
the	O
top	O
30	O
sources	O
of	O
retweets	O
for	O
each	O
corpus	B-ANAT
(	O
150	O
in	O
total	O
),	O
70	O
(	O
46	O
.	O
7	O
%)	O
were	O
media	B-ANAT
;	O
29	O
(	O
19	O
.	O
3	O
%)	O
were	O
K	O
-	O
pop	O
fans	O
;	O
7	O
(	O
4	O
.	O
7	O
%)	O
were	O
political	O
;	O
9	O
(	O
6	O
%)	O
were	O
medical	O
;	O
and	O
35	O
(	O
23	O
.	O
3	O
%)	O
were	O
categorized	O
as	O
'	O
Others	O
'.	O

Furthermore	O
,	O
two	O
recent	O
clinical	O
randomized	O
,	O
placebo	O
-	O
controlled	O
pilot	O
studies	O
demonstrated	O
that	O
treatment	O
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
with	O
MSCs	B-FUNC
appears	O
to	O
be	O
safe	O
and	O
feasible	O
.	O

Muse	B-CHED
cells	B-COMP
are	O
stress	O
-	O
tolerant	O
and	O
non	O
-	O
tumorigenic	O
endogenous	O
pluripotent	O
-	O
like	O
stem	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
.	O

Muse	B-CHED
cells	B-COMP
are	O
known	O
to	O
migrate	O
to	O
the	O
damaged	O
tissue	B-ANAT
after	O
local	O
or	O
systemic	O
administration	O
,	O
spontaneously	O
differentiate	O
into	O
the	O
tissue	B-ANAT
-	O
compatible	O
cells	B-COMP
,	O
and	O
also	O
secrete	B-PROC
factors	O
related	O
to	O
immunomodulation	B-PROC
and	O
tissue	B-PROC
repair	I-PROC
.	O

This	O
study	O
analyzed	O
patients	O
from	O
the	O
international	O
prospective	O
Large	O
Observational	O
Study	O
to	O
Understand	O
the	O
Global	O
Impact	O
of	O
Severe	O
Acute	B-DISO
Respiratory	I-DISO
Failure	I-DISO
(	O
LUNG	B-ANAT
SAFE	O
)	O
who	O
had	O
initial	O
mild	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
in	O
the	O
first	O
day	O
of	O
inclusion	O
.	O

This	O
study	O
defined	O
three	O
groups	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
evolution	B-PROC
of	O
severity	O
in	O
the	O
first	O
week	O
:	O
""""	O
worsening	O
""""	O
if	O
moderate	O
or	O
severe	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
criteria	O
were	O
met	B-CHED
,	O
""""	O
persisting	O
""""	O
if	O
mild	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
criteria	O
were	O
the	O
most	O
severe	O
category	O
,	O
and	O
""""	O
improving	O
""""	O
if	O
patients	O
did	O
not	O
fulfill	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
criteria	O
any	O
more	O
from	O
day	O
2	O
.	O

Among	O
580	O
patients	O
with	O
initial	O
mild	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
,	O
18	O
%	O
(	O
103	O
of	O
580	O
)	O
continuously	O
improved	O
,	O
36	O
%	O
(	O
210	O
of	O
580	O
)	O
had	O
persisting	O
mild	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
,	O
and	O
46	O
%	O
(	O
267	O
of	O
580	O
)	O
worsened	O
in	O
the	O
first	O
week	O
after	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
onset	O
.	O

Most	O
patients	O
with	O
initial	O
mild	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
continue	O
to	O
fulfill	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
criteria	O
in	O
the	O
first	O
week	O
,	O
and	O
nearly	O
half	O
worsen	O
in	O
severity	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Among	O
580	O
patients	O
with	O
initial	O
mild	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
,	O
18	O
%	O
(	O
103	O
of	O
580	O
)	O
continuously	O
improved	O
,	O
36	O
%	O
(	O
210	O
of	O
580	O
)	O
had	O
persisting	O
mild	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
,	O
and	O
46	O
%	O
(	O
267	O
of	O
580	O
)	O
worsened	O
in	O
the	O
first	O
week	O
after	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
onset	O
.	O

Prone	O
position	O
ventilation	O
and	O
bundle	O
care	O
were	O
conducted	O
as	O
lung	B-ANAT
protection	O
ventilator	O
strategy	O
.	O

Such	O
outbreaks	O
increase	O
economic	O
and	O
infection	B-DISO
control	O
burdens	O
.	O

Other	O
major	O
threats	O
to	O
Singapore	O
include	O
MERS	O
-	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
and	O
various	O
avian	B-SPEC
and	O
swine	B-DISO
influenza	B-SPEC
viruses	I-SPEC
.	O

The	O
ability	O
to	O
quickly	O
identify	O
and	O
robustly	O
track	O
such	O
threats	O
to	O
initiate	O
an	O
early	O
emergency	B-DISO
response	O
remains	O
a	O
significant	O
challenge	O
.	O

Nine	O
(	O
10	O
%)	O
tested	O
positive	O
for	O
adenovirus	B-DISO
,	O
four	O
(	O
4	O
.	O
5	O
%)	O
tested	O
positive	O
for	O
respiratory	O
syncytial	O
virus	O
type	O
A	O
,	O
and	O
one	O
(	O
1	O
%)	O
tested	O
positive	O
for	O
influenza	B-SPEC
A	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
using	O
real	O
-	O
time	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
/	O
PCR	O
.	O

To	O
our	O
knowledge	O
,	O
this	O
is	O
the	O
first	O
time	O
molecular	O
evidence	O
for	O
any	O
infectious	B-DISO
respiratory	O
agent	O
has	O
been	O
collected	O
from	O
Singapore	O
'	O
s	O
MRT	B-ANAT
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
is	O
the	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
caused	O
by	O
betacoronavirus	B-SPEC
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
.	O
The	O
first	O
case	O
of	O
this	O
disease	O
was	O
reported	O
from	O
Saudi	O
Arabia	O
in	O
2012	O
.	O

This	O
virus	B-SPEC
is	O
lethal	O
and	O
is	O
a	O
close	O
relative	O
of	O
a	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
),	O
which	O
is	O
responsible	O
for	O
more	O
than	O
3000	O
deaths	B-PROC
in	O
2002	O
-	O
2003	O
.	O

The	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
is	O
a	O
RNA	O
virus	B-SPEC
with	O
protein	B-CHED
envelope	B-COMP
.	O

Eighty	O
-	O
nine	O
consecutive	O
patients	O
affected	O
with	O
ARF	B-DISO
on	O
VV	O
-	O
ECMO	O
from	O
2008	O
to	O
2016	O
were	O
compared	O
according	O
to	O
type	O
of	O
cannulation	O
:	O
older	O
percutaneous	O
cannula	B-SPEC
(	O
Standard	O
group	O
,	O
52	O
patients	O
)	O
and	O
HLS	O
The	O
two	O
study	O
groups	O
were	O
comparable	O
in	O
terms	O
of	O
baseline	O
characteristics	O
[	O
age	O
,	O
body	B-ANAT
mass	O
index	O
(	O
BMI	O
),	O
Simplified	O
Acute	O
Physiology	O
Score	O
(	O
SAPS	O
-	O
II	O
),	O
Sequential	O
Organ	B-DISO
Failure	I-DISO
Assessment	O
(	O
SOFA	O
),	O
Predicting	O
Death	O
For	O
Severe	O
ARDS	B-DISO
on	O
VV	O
-	O
ECMO	O
(	O
PRESERVE	O
)	O
score	O
]	O
and	O
ECMO	O
management	O
[	O
median	O
hematocrit	O
(	O
Htc	O
),	O
platelet	B-ANAT
nadir	O
,	O
antithrombin	B-PRGE
III	I-PRGE
(	O
AT	B-PRGE
III	I-PRGE
),	O
heparin	B-CHED
,	O
activated	B-PRGE
partial	I-PRGE
thromboplastin	I-PRGE
time	I-PRGE
(	O
APTT	O
)].	O

The	O
objective	O
of	O
this	O
study	O
was	O
to	O
characterize	O
the	O
influenza	B-DISO
and	O
other	O
respiratory	O
pathogens	O
by	O
real	O
-	O
time	O
PCR	O
assay	O
.	O

Among	O
the	O
influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
-	O
positive	O
cases	O
,	O
25	O
(	O
20	O
.	O
8	O
%)	O
were	O
A	O
/	O
H1N1	O
pdm09	O
and	O
95	O
(	O
79	O
.	O
2	O
%)	O
were	O
A	O
/	O
H3	O
subtypes	O
.	O

Middle	O
East	O
Respiratory	O
Syndrome	B-DISO
Coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
has	O
been	O
a	O
global	O
public	O
health	O
threat	O
with	O
a	O
high	O
fatality	O
rate	O
and	O
worldwide	O
distribution	O
.	O

A	O
major	O
problem	O
with	O
neutralizing	O
mAb	O
therapy	O
is	O
mutant	B-DISO
escape	O
under	O
selective	O
pressure	O
,	O
which	O
can	O
be	O
solved	O
by	O
combination	O
of	O
neutralizing	O
mAbs	O
targeting	B-PROC
different	O
epitopes	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Induction	O
of	O
IBV	B-SPEC
strain	O
-	O
specific	O
neutralizing	O
antibodies	B-COMP
and	O
broad	O
spectrum	O
protection	O
in	O
layer	B-ANAT
pullets	O
primed	O
with	O
IBV	B-SPEC
Massachusetts	O
(	O
Mass	O
)	O
and	O
793B	O
vaccines	O
prior	O
to	O
injection	O
of	O
inactivated	O
vaccine	O
containing	O
Mass	O
antigen	B-CHED
.	O

Increased	O
VN	O
titres	O
were	O
recorded	O
against	O
the	O
five	O
IBV	B-SPEC
challenge	O
strains	O
,	O
with	O
a	O
significantly	O
higher	O
level	O
of	O
protection	O
against	O
drops	O
in	O
egg	B-ANAT
production	O
following	O
challenge	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
recently	O
,	O
the	O
pathologic	O
features	O
resembling	O
human	B-SPEC
PVOD	B-DISO
were	O
retrospectively	O
described	O
in	O
post	O
-	O
mortem	O
lung	B-ANAT
samples	O
of	O
dogs	B-SPEC
presenting	O
with	O
respiratory	B-DISO
distress	I-DISO
and	O
idiopathic	B-DISO
pulmonary	I-DISO
hypertension	I-DISO
(	O
PH	B-DISO
),	O
which	O
suggests	O
that	O
PVOD	B-DISO
contributes	O
to	O
an	O
unknown	O
percentage	O
of	O
cases	O
with	O
unexplained	O
PH	B-DISO
.	O

Histopathology	O
of	O
the	O
lungs	B-ANAT
showed	O
venous	B-ANAT
and	O
arterial	B-ANAT
remodelling	O
,	O
segmental	O
congestion	B-DISO
of	O
alveolar	B-ANAT
capillaries	B-ANAT
and	O
foci	O
of	O
vascular	B-ANAT
changes	O
similar	O
to	O
human	B-SPEC
pulmonary	B-DISO
capillary	I-DISO
hemangiomatosis	I-DISO
,	O
indicating	O
that	O
the	O
dog	B-SPEC
suffered	B-DISO
from	O
PVOD	B-DISO
.	O

Low	O
-	O
dose	O
inhaled	B-PROC
carbon	B-CHED
monoxide	I-CHED
(	O
iCO	O
)	O
confers	O
cytoprotection	B-PROC
in	O
preclinical	O
models	O
of	O
sepsis	B-DISO
and	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

Circulating	O
mitochondrial	B-COMP
DNA	I-COMP
levels	O
were	O
reduced	O
in	O
iCO	O
-	O
treated	O
participants	O
compared	O
with	O
placebo	O
-	O
treated	O
subjects	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Co	O
-	O
localization	B-PROC
of	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
and	O
dipeptidyl	O
peptidase	O
-	O
4	O
in	O
the	O
respiratory	O
tract	O
and	O
lymphoid	B-ANAT
tissues	I-ANAT
of	O
pigs	B-SPEC
and	O
llamas	B-SPEC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
This	O
study	O
investigated	O
the	O
co	O
-	O
localization	B-PROC
of	O
the	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
and	O
its	O
receptor	O
dipeptidyl	O
peptidase	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
4	I-PRGE
(	O
DPP4	B-PRGE
)	O
by	O
immunohistochemistry	O
(	O
IHC	O
)	O
across	O
respiratory	O
and	O
lymphoid	B-ANAT
organs	I-ANAT
of	O
experimentally	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
infected	O
pigs	B-SPEC
and	O
llamas	B-SPEC
.	O

Compared	O
with	O
neurotypical	O
subjects	O
,	O
subjects	O
with	O
cognitive	B-DISO
impairment	I-DISO
were	O
older	O
(	O
median	O
,	O
years	O
,	O
6	O
.	O
2	O
vs	O
1	O
.	O
4	O
;	O
P	O
<	O
.	O
001	O
)	O
with	O
more	O
severe	O
pediatric	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
40	O
%	O
vs	O
33	O
%;	O
P	O
=	O
.	O
009	O
).	O

Subjects	O
with	O
cognitive	B-DISO
impairment	I-DISO
had	O
more	O
documented	O
iatrogenic	O
withdrawal	B-DISO
symptoms	I-DISO
than	O
neurotypical	O
subjects	O
.	O

Additionally	O
,	O
our	O
in	O
vivo	O
findings	O
suggested	O
that	O
TRIM8	B-PRGE
knockdown	O
effectively	O
attenuated	O
LPS	B-DISO
-	O
induced	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
nu	O
decrease	O
of	O
lung	B-ANAT
wet	O
/	O
dry	O
(	O
W	O
/	O
T	O
)	O
ratio	O
,	O
protein	B-CHED
concentrations	O
,	O
neutrophil	B-ANAT
infiltration	B-DISO
,	O
myeloperoxidase	B-PRGE
(	O
MPO	B-FUNC
)	O
activity	O
,	O
reactive	B-CHED
oxygen	I-CHED
species	I-CHED
(	O
ROS	B-CHED
)	O
production	O
and	O
superoxide	B-PRGE
dismutase	I-PRGE
(	O
SOD	B-FUNC
)	O
depletion	O
.	O

Together	O
,	O
our	O
study	O
firstly	O
provided	O
a	O
support	O
that	O
TRIM8	B-PRGE
knockdown	O
effectively	O
protected	O
LPS	B-DISO
-	O
induced	O
ALI	O
against	O
inflammation	B-DISO
and	O
oxidative	B-DISO
stress	I-DISO
largely	O
dependent	O
on	O
the	O
promotion	O
of	O
AMPKα	O
pathway	B-PROC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Profile	O
analysis	O
of	O
circRNAs	O
induced	O
by	O
porcine	B-SPEC
endemic	O
diarrhea	B-DISO
virus	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
in	O
porcine	B-SPEC
intestinal	B-ANAT
epithelial	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
.	O

The	O
functional	O
annotation	O
analysis	O
revealed	O
that	O
the	O
parent	O
genes	O
of	O
differentially	O
expressed	B-PROC
circRNAs	O
might	O
be	O
associated	O
with	O
host	B-PROC
response	I-PROC
to	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
.	O

Serum	B-COMP
sodium	O
and	O
urine	B-DISO
output	I-DISO
decreased	I-DISO
and	O
urine	B-ANAT
osmolality	O
increased	O
after	O
subcutaneous	O
DDAVP	O
administration	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Origin	O
and	O
evolution	B-PROC
of	O
pathogenic	O
coronaviruses	O
.	O

Both	O
viruses	B-SPEC
likely	O
originated	O
in	O
bats	B-SPEC
,	O
and	O
genetically	O
diverse	O
coronaviruses	O
that	O
are	O
related	O
to	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
and	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
were	O
discovered	O
in	O
bats	B-SPEC
worldwide	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
intratumoral	O
activity	O
was	O
influenced	O
by	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
TAT	B-ENZY
peptides	B-CHED
present	O
.	O

At	O
200	O
TAT	B-ENZY
peptides	B-CHED
,	O
the	O
preparation	O
appeared	O
to	O
be	O
least	O
effective	O
,	O
which	O
likely	O
results	O
from	O
augmented	O
interaction	O
with	O
tumor	B-ANAT
cells	B-COMP
directly	O
upon	O
extravasation	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
A	O
fatal	O
complication	B-DISO
of	O
tirofiban	B-CHED
in	O
an	O
octogenarian	O
:	O
Diffuse	O
alveolar	B-ANAT
hemorrhage	B-DISO
.	O

Ten	O
minutes	O
following	O
tirofiban	B-CHED
administration	O
,	O
the	O
patient	O
complained	O
of	O
hemoptysis	B-DISO
and	O
severe	O
dyspnea	B-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
assess	O
the	O
knowledge	O
and	O
attitude	O
of	O
senior	O
medical	O
,	O
dental	O
,	O
nursing	B-PROC
and	O
pharmacy	O
students	O
toward	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
-	O
corona	B-CHED
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
in	O
Saudi	O
Arabia	O
.	O

A	O
portable	O
oxygen	B-CHED
concentrator	O
has	O
the	O
advantage	O
of	O
operating	O
solely	O
from	O
electrical	O
power	O
and	O
theoretically	O
is	O
a	O
never	O
-	O
exhausting	O
supply	O
of	O
oxygen	B-CHED
.	O

Our	O
previous	O
bench	O
work	O
demonstrated	O
that	O
the	O
pulsed	O
dose	O
setting	O
of	O
the	O
concentrator	O
can	O
be	O
used	O
in	O
concert	O
with	O
the	O
ventilator	O
to	O
maximize	O
oxygen	B-CHED
delivery	O
.	O

The	O
ventilator	O
was	O
modified	O
to	O
allow	O
closed	O
loop	O
control	O
of	O
oxygen	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
oxygen	B-CHED
saturation	O
(	O
SpO2	O
)	O
via	O
the	O
integral	O
pulse	B-PROC
oximetry	O
sensor	O
.	O

It	O
was	O
a	O
secondary	O
analysis	O
of	O
data	O
from	O
randomized	O
controlled	O
trial	O
that	O
included	O
patients	O
with	O
moderate	O
/	O
severe	O
ARDS	B-DISO
with	O
at	O
least	O
one	O
follow	O
-	O
up	O
visit	O
performed	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Structural	O
basis	O
of	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
multi	O
-	O
epitope	B-CHED
vaccine	O
against	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
using	O
in	O
silico	O
approach	O
.	O

The	O
cDNAs	O
of	O
both	O
MEVs	O
were	O
generated	O
and	O
analyzed	O
in	O
silico	O
for	O
their	O
expression	B-PROC
in	O
a	O
mammalian	B-SPEC
host	B-COMP
cell	I-COMP
line	O
(	O
human	B-SPEC
).	O

The	O
cDNA	O
analysis	O
of	O
both	O
the	O
MEVs	O
have	O
shown	O
high	O
expression	B-PROC
tendency	O
in	O
mammalian	B-SPEC
host	B-COMP
cell	I-COMP
line	O
(	O
human	B-SPEC
).	O

After	O
multistage	O
in	O
silico	O
analysis	O
,	O
both	O
the	O
MEVs	O
are	O
predicted	O
to	O
elicit	O
humoral	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
cell	B-PROC
mediated	I-PROC
immune	I-PROC
response	I-PROC
.	O

ARDS	B-DISO
was	O
detected	O
in	O
10	O
patients	O
on	O
enrolment	O
and	O
associated	O
with	O
90	O
%	O
case	O
fatality	O
.	O

This	O
study	O
demonstrates	O
the	O
potential	O
usefulness	O
of	O
point	O
-	O
of	O
-	O
care	O
lung	B-ANAT
ultrasound	O
to	O
detect	O
lung	B-ANAT
abnormalities	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
malaria	B-PATH
or	O
sepsis	B-DISO
in	O
a	O
resource	O
-	O
constrained	O
hospital	O
setting	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Combined	O
use	O
of	O
ELISA	O
and	O
Western	O
blot	O
with	O
recombinant	B-PRGE
N	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
is	O
a	O
powerful	O
tool	O
for	O
the	O
immunodiagnosis	O
of	O
avian	O
infectious	O
bronchitis	O
.	O

WB	O
confirmed	O
all	O
false	O
negative	O
sera	B-COMP
in	O
ELISA	O
-	O
rN	O
or	O
IDEXX	O
test	O
as	O
truly	O
positive	O
.	O

A	O
total	O
of	O
389	O
serum	B-COMP
samples	O
from	O
chickens	B-SPEC
were	O
used	O
to	O
develop	O
and	O
evaluate	O
the	O
ELISA	O
-	O
rN	O
test	O
.	O

Positive	O
and	O
negative	O
sera	B-COMP
for	O
IBV	B-SPEC
were	O
used	O
as	O
controls	O
.	O

Sera	B-COMP
that	O
tested	O
negative	O
in	O
the	O
ELISA	O
-	O
rN	O
and	O
positive	O
in	O
the	O
commercial	O
test	O
also	O
reacted	O
with	O
the	O
rN	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
in	O
Western	O
blot	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
The	O
expected	O
cDNA	O
fragment	O
of	O
approximately	O
1240	O
bp	O
was	O
successfully	O
amplified	O
by	O
PCR	O
using	O
primers	O
designed	O
to	O
select	O
for	O
the	O
coding	O
region	O
of	O
the	O
N	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
The	O
Human	B-PRGE
Sodium	B-CHED
Iodide	I-CHED
Symporter	I-PRGE
as	O
a	O
Reporter	O
Gene	O
for	O
Studying	O
Middle	O
East	O
Respiratory	O
Syndrome	B-DISO
Coronavirus	B-SPEC
Pathogenesis	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
human	B-PRGE
sodium	B-CHED
iodide	I-CHED
symporter	I-PRGE
(	O
hNIS	B-PRGE
),	O
a	O
SPECT	O
and	O
positron	B-CHED
emission	B-ANAT
tomography	O
reporter	O
gene	O
,	O
was	O
inserted	O
into	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
),	O
a	O
recently	O
emerged	O
virus	B-SPEC
that	O
can	O
cause	O
severe	O
respiratory	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
and	O
death	B-PROC
in	O
afflicted	O
humans	B-SPEC
to	O
obtain	O
a	O
quantifiable	O
and	O
sensitive	O
marker	O
for	O
viral	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
to	O
further	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
animal	B-SPEC
model	O
development	B-PROC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Since	O
the	O
beginning	O
of	O
the	O
2000s	O
,	O
globalization	O
has	O
accelerated	O
because	O
of	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
transportation	O
systems	O
that	O
allow	O
for	O
human	B-SPEC
and	O
material	O
exchanges	O
throughout	O
the	O
world	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
this	O
globalization	O
has	O
brought	O
with	O
it	O
the	O
rise	O
of	O
various	O
pathogenic	O
viral	O
agents	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
),	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
),	O
Zika	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
,	O
and	O
Dengue	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
.	O

T3	O
has	O
been	O
reported	O
in	O
varied	O
clinical	O
settings	O
to	O
favorably	O
affect	O
cardiac	B-ANAT
lusitropy	O
,	O
inotropy	O
,	O
and	O
chronotropy	O
without	O
significant	O
side	O
effects	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Respiratory	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
,	O
especially	O
those	O
of	O
the	O
lower	B-ANAT
respiratory	I-ANAT
tract	I-ANAT
,	O
remain	O
a	O
foremost	O
cause	O
of	O
mortality	O
and	O
morbidity	O
of	O
children	O
greater	O
than	O
5	O
years	O
in	O
developing	O
countries	O
including	O
Pakistan	O
.	O

This	O
paper	O
aims	O
to	O
emphasise	O
the	O
need	O
for	O
standard	O
methods	O
to	O
record	O
the	O
incidence	O
and	O
etiology	O
of	O
associated	O
pathogens	O
in	O
order	B-SPEC
to	O
provide	O
effective	O
treatment	O
against	O
viral	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
of	O
the	O
respiratory	B-ANAT
tract	I-ANAT
and	O
to	O
reduce	O
death	B-PROC
rates	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Globalization	O
and	O
emerging	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
.	O

During	O
2002	O
-	O
2003	O
,	O
a	O
new	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
,	O
the	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
,	O
was	O
found	O
to	O
be	O
the	O
cause	O
of	O
an	O
acute	O
,	O
severe	O
frequently	O
fatal	O
respiratory	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
with	O
prominent	O
systemic	O
symptoms	O
(	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
).	O

The	O
outbreak	O
originated	O
in	O
south	O
-	O
ern	O
China	O
,	O
probably	O
following	O
transmission	O
from	O
an	O
animal	B-SPEC
in	O
animal	B-SPEC
markets	O
or	O
bats	B-SPEC
to	O
hu	O
-	O
mans	B-SPEC
.	O

The	O
current	O
global	O
spread	O
of	O
hu	O
-	O
man	O
infection	B-DISO
by	O
this	O
subtype	O
started	O
in	O
2003	O
.	O

Following	O
outbreaks	O
of	O
highly	O
infectious	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
in	O
the	O
past	O
decades	O
,	O
hospital	O
prepared	O
-	O
ness	O
for	O
travel	O
-	O
related	O
infections	B-DISO
focuses	O
on	O
infection	B-DISO
prevention	O
and	O
control	O
.	O

Emerging	O
viral	B-DISO
pneumonias	I-DISO
such	O
as	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
(	O
MERS	O
)	O
and	O
avian	B-DISO
influenza	I-DISO
H7N9	O
are	O
major	O
concerns	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Onset	O
of	O
Takotsubo	B-DISO
Syndrome	I-DISO
during	O
the	O
Clinical	O
Course	O
of	O
Anti	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
Neutrophil	B-ANAT
Cytoplasmic	B-COMP
Antibody	B-FUNC
-	I-DISO
Associated	I-DISO
Vasculitis	I-DISO
:	O
A	O
Case	O
Report	O
.	O

A	O
78	O
-	O
year	O
-	O
old	O
Japanese	O
woman	O
presented	O
with	O
severe	O
renal	B-ANAT
dysfunction	O
,	O
which	O
was	O
diagnosed	O
as	O
MPO	B-FUNC
-	O
ANCA	B-PRGE
-	O
associated	O
systemic	O
vasculitis	B-DISO
.	O

Considering	O
the	O
present	O
case	O
and	O
the	O
previously	O
reported	O
coexisting	O
cases	O
of	O
takotsubo	B-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
and	O
AAV	O
,	O
we	O
propose	O
that	O
female	O
sex	O
,	O
initiation	O
of	O
glucocorticoid	B-CHED
therapy	O
,	O
and	O
high	O
titer	O
of	O
MPO	B-FUNC
-	O
ANCA	B-PRGE
are	O
potential	O
risk	O
factors	O
of	O
developing	O
takotsubo	B-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
),	O
a	O
novel	O
infectious	B-DISO
agent	O
causing	O
severe	O
respiratory	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
and	O
death	B-PROC
in	O
humans	B-SPEC
,	O
was	O
first	O
described	O
in	O
2012	O
.	O

Antibodies	B-COMP
directed	O
against	O
the	O
MERS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
spike	I-PRGE
(	I-PRGE
S	I-PRGE
)	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
are	O
thought	O
to	O
play	O
a	O
major	O
role	O
in	O
controlling	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
infection	B-DISO
and	O
in	O
mediating	O
vaccine	O
-	O
induced	O
protective	O
immunity	B-PROC
.	O

Modified	O
Vaccinia	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
Ankara	O
(	O
MVA	B-CHED
),	O
a	O
safety	O
-	O
tested	O
strain	O
of	O
vaccinia	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
for	O
preclinical	O
and	O
clinical	O
vaccine	O
research	O
,	O
was	O
used	O
for	O
generating	O
MVA	B-CHED
-	O
MERS	O
-	O
N	O
expressing	O
recombinant	O
N	O
protein	B-CHED
.	O

In	O
cases	O
of	O
severe	O
aortic	B-DISO
stenosis	B-SPEC
,	O
however	O
,	O
evidence	O
of	O
left	B-DISO
ventricular	I-DISO
outflow	I-DISO
tract	I-DISO
obstruction	I-DISO
via	O
both	O
symptoms	O
and	O
echocardiographic	O
findings	O
may	O
be	O
minimized	O
due	O
to	O
extremely	O
high	O
afterload	O
on	O
the	O
left	B-ANAT
ventricle	I-ANAT
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Evaluation	O
of	O
a	O
non	O
-	O
prime	O
site	O
substituent	O
and	O
warheads	O
combined	O
with	O
a	O
decahydroisoquinolin	O
scaffold	O
as	O
a	O
SARS	B-PRGE
3CL	I-PRGE
protease	B-CHED
inhibitor	I-CHED
.	O

This	O
variant	O
was	O
located	O
in	O
the	O
C3b	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
binding	I-PRGE
site	I-PRGE
and	O
functional	O
tests	O
revealed	O
that	O
it	O
perturbed	O
the	O
regulatory	O
activity	O
of	O
factor	O
H	O
.	O
This	O
case	O
suggests	O
that	O
pertussis	B-PATH
is	O
a	O
strong	O
trigger	O
of	O
HUS	O
and	O
that	O
complement	O
investigations	O
are	O
necessary	O
to	O
guide	O
treatment	O
and	O
understand	O
the	O
pathophysiology	O
.	O

In	O
contrast	O
,	O
the	O
tracer	B-CHED
gas	B-ENZY
was	O
barely	O
detected	O
in	O
a	O
maternity	O
ward	O
to	O
the	O
south	O
of	O
room	O
8104	O
,	O
where	O
there	O
was	O
no	O
secondary	O
infected	O
patient	O
.	O

Between	O
the	O
eight	O
different	O
influenza	B-DISO
epidemics	O
under	O
study	O
,	O
the	O
value	O
of	O
each	O
of	O
the	O
severity	O
parameters	O
varied	O
.	O

Prospective	O
syndromic	O
ICU	O
SARI	O
surveillance	O
,	O
as	O
proposed	O
by	O
the	O
World	O
Health	O
Organization	O
,	O
thereby	O
would	O
provide	O
insight	O
into	O
the	O
severity	O
of	O
ongoing	O
influenza	B-DISO
epidemics	O
,	O
which	O
differ	O
from	O
season	O
to	O
season	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Host	B-COMP
factors	O
render	O
cells	B-ANAT
susceptible	O
to	O
viral	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
.	O

To	O
understand	O
the	O
cytokine	O
milieu	O
and	O
immune	B-PROC
responses	I-PROC
in	O
infected	O
host	B-COMP
tissues	B-ANAT
,	O
non	O
-	O
human	B-SPEC
primate	B-SPEC
(	O
NHP	O
)	O
models	O
have	O
emerged	O
as	O
important	O
tools	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Genetic	O
Evidence	O
of	O
Middle	O
East	O
Respiratory	O
Syndrome	B-DISO
Coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
Cov	O
)	O
and	O
Widespread	O
Seroprevalence	O
among	O
Camels	O
in	O
Kenya	O
.	O

Further	O
one	O
-	O
health	O
surveillance	O
approaches	O
in	O
camels	B-SPEC
,	O
wildlife	O
,	O
and	O
human	B-SPEC
populations	O
are	O
needed	O
.	O

We	O
also	O
compare	O
the	O
outcomes	O
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
in	O
pregnant	O
and	O
non	O
-	O
pregnant	O
females	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
emerging	O
avian	O
influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
(	O
H7N9	O
)	O
virus	B-SPEC
,	O
a	O
subtype	O
of	O
influenza	B-SPEC
viruses	I-SPEC
,	O
was	O
first	O
discovered	O
in	O
March	O
2013	O
in	O
China	O
.	O

A	O
56	O
-	O
year	O
-	O
old	O
female	O
patient	O
(	O
case	O
1	O
)	O
and	O
a	O
78	O
-	O
year	O
-	O
old	O
female	O
patient	O
(	O
case	O
2	O
)	O
were	O
admitted	O
because	O
of	O
fever	B-PROC
,	O
cough	B-DISO
,	O
chest	B-DISO
tightness	I-DISO
and	O
shortness	B-DISO
of	I-DISO
breath	I-DISO
.	O

In	O
this	O
review	O
,	O
we	O
have	O
summarized	O
some	O
of	O
the	O
recent	O
advancements	O
made	O
in	O
the	O
area	O
of	O
nucleic	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
based	O
therapeutics	O
and	O
highlighted	O
the	O
emerging	O
roles	O
of	O
nucleic	B-CHED
acids	I-CHED
in	O
the	O
management	O
of	O
some	O
of	O
the	O
severe	O
respiratory	O
viral	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
.	O

Our	O
investigation	O
also	O
revealed	O
that	O
patients	O
with	O
an	O
HA	O
-	O
MERS	O
infection	B-DISO
experienced	O
a	O
significantly	O
longer	O
hospital	O
stay	O
and	O
were	O
more	O
likely	O
to	O
die	O
from	O
the	O
disease	O
.	O

The	O
new	O
classification	O
of	O
ventilator	O
-	O
associated	O
events	O
(	O
VAE	O
)	O
proposed	O
by	O
the	O
centers	O
for	O
disease	O
control	O
and	O
prevention	O
(	O
CDC	O
)	O
enhance	O
the	O
spectra	O
of	O
complications	O
due	O
to	O
MV	O
including	O
both	O
infection	B-DISO
-	O
related	O
and	O
non	O
-	O
infectious	B-DISO
events	O
.	O

Noninfective	O
events	O
explain	O
up	O
to	O
30	O
%	O
of	O
VAEs	O
,	O
the	O
main	O
causes	O
being	O
atelectasis	B-DISO
,	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
,	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
edema	I-DISO
and	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
embolism	I-DISO
.	O

In	O
addition	O
,	O
significant	O
drug	O
pharmacokinetic	O
modifications	O
by	O
the	O
device	O
may	O
lead	O
to	O
low	O
plasmatic	O
antibiotic	B-CHED
concentration	O
and	O
potential	O
treatment	O
failure	O
.	O

Additionally	O
,	O
confocal	O
microscopy	O
revealed	O
that	O
EIF4A2	B-PRGE
and	O
M	O
were	O
colocalized	O
in	O
the	O
cytoplasm	B-COMP
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
A	O
44	O
-	O
year	O
-	O
old	O
male	O
with	O
ongoing	O
chest	B-DISO
pain	I-DISO
and	O
left	B-PROC
ventricular	I-PROC
ejection	I-PROC
fraction	O
<	O
20	O
%	O
was	O
transferred	O
from	O
a	O
peripheral	O
hospital	O
with	O
intra	O
-	O
aortic	B-ANAT
balloon	O
pump	O
placement	O
following	O
a	O
non	O
-	O
ST	O
-	O
elevation	O
myocardial	B-DISO
infarction	I-DISO
(	O
STEMI	B-DISO
).	O

Due	O
to	O
clot	B-DISO
formation	B-PROC
,	O
an	O
oxygenator	O
change	O
-	O
out	O
was	O
necessary	O
shortly	O
after	O
initiation	O
.	O

On	O
POD	O
#	O
24	O
,	O
the	O
decision	O
was	O
made	O
to	O
implant	O
a	O
left	O
ventricle	O
assist	O
device	O
(	O
LVAD	O
)	O
as	O
a	O
bridge	O
to	O
heart	B-ANAT
transplantation	O
.	O

At	O
the	O
time	O
of	O
admission	O
,	O
headache	B-DISO
(	O
28	O
.	O
6	O
%	O
vs	O
.	O
3	O
.	O
6	O
%;	O
odds	O
ratio	O
[	O
OR	O
],	O
10	O
.	O
60	O
;	O
95	O
%	O
confidence	O
interval	O
[	O
CI	O
],	O
1	O
.	O
22	O
-	O
92	O
.	O
27	O
),	O
myalgia	B-DISO
(	O
57	O
.	O
1	O
%	O
vs	O
.	O
9	O
.	O
1	O
%;	O
OR	O
,	O
13	O
.	O
33	O
;	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
,	O
2	O
.	O
30	O
-	O
77	O
.	O
24	O
),	O
and	O
diarrhea	B-DISO
(	O
57	O
.	O
1	O
%	O
vs	O
.	O
14	O
.	O
5	O
%;	O
OR	O
,	O
7	O
.	O
83	O
;	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
,	O
1	O
.	O
47	O
-	O
41	O
.	O
79	O
)	O
were	O
common	O
among	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
-	O
positive	O
patients	O
.	O

Chest	B-ANAT
radiography	O
with	O
diffuse	O
bronchopneumonia	B-DISO
was	O
more	O
frequent	O
in	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
-	O
positive	O
patients	O
than	O
in	O
negative	O
patients	O
(	O
100	O
%	O
vs	O
.	O
62	O
.	O
5	O
%;	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
491	O
).	O

CoVs	O
harboured	O
by	O
avian	B-SPEC
species	B-SPEC
are	O
classified	O
to	O
the	O
genera	O
gamma	O
-	O
and	O
deltacoronaviruses	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Changing	O
epidemiological	O
patterns	O
of	O
HIV	B-DISO
and	O
AIDS	O
in	O
China	O
in	O
the	O
post	O
-	O
SARS	B-DISO
era	B-CHED
identified	O
by	O
the	O
nationwide	O
surveillance	O
system	O
.	O

But	O
the	O
changing	O
patterns	O
of	O
HIV	B-DISO
and	O
AIDS	O
incidence	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
longitudinal	O
observation	O
data	O
were	O
rarely	O
studied	O
.	O

A	O
total	O
of	O
483	O
,	O
010	O
newly	O
HIV	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
and	O
214	O
,	O
205	O
AIDS	O
cases	O
were	O
reported	O
between	O
2004	O
and	O
2014	O
nationwide	O
.	O

The	O
relative	O
increase	O
for	O
HIV	B-DISO
and	O
AIDS	O
RI	O
was	O
higher	O
in	O
northwest	O
provinces	O
while	O
lower	O
in	O
Henan	O
,	O
Xinjiang	O
,	O
Guangxi	O
and	O
Yunnan	O
.	O

HIV	B-DISO
and	O
AIDS	O
showed	O
an	O
increasing	O
trend	O
in	O
China	O
from	O
2004	O
to	O
2014	O
,	O
respectively	O
,	O
but	O
the	O
epidemic	O
tended	O
to	O
be	O
under	O
control	O
among	O
provinces	O
and	O
young	O
people	O
that	O
used	O
to	O
have	O
a	O
high	O
HIV	B-DISO
and	O
AIDS	O
incidence	O
.	O

The	O
overall	O
relative	O
changes	O
for	O
HIV	B-PATH
infection	I-PATH
and	O
AIDS	O
incidence	O
were	O
1	O
.	O
11	O
(	O
95	O
%	O
confidence	O
interval	O
[	O
CI	O
]	O
1	O
.	O
10	O
-	O
1	O
.	O
13	O
)	O
and	O
1	O
.	O
28	O
(	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
1	O
.	O
23	O
-	O
1	O
.	O
33	O
),	O
respectively	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Flail	O
chest	O
is	O
considered	O
as	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
most	O
severe	O
forms	O
of	O
blunt	O
thoracic	B-DISO
trauma	O
.	O

Patients	O
with	O
flail	B-DISO
chest	I-DISO
more	O
often	O
had	O
lung	B-ANAT
contusions	O
(	O
70	O
vs	O
.	O
50	O
%,	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
04	O
)	O
and	O
pneumo	O
-/	O
hematothorax	O
(	O
93	O
vs	O
.	O
71	O
%,	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
005	O
).	O

MK2	B-PRGE
regulates	O
the	O
expression	B-PROC
of	O
ICAM	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
in	O
human	B-SPEC
pulmonary	B-ANAT
microvascular	O
endothelial	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
.	O

The	O
mouse	B-SPEC
lung	B-ANAT
tissue	I-ANAT
histopathology	O
,	O
wet	O
/	O
dry	O
weight	O
ratio	O
(	O
W	O
/	O
D	O
),	O
and	O
the	O
neutrophil	B-ANAT
count	O
were	O
used	O
to	O
measure	O
the	O
severity	O
of	O
lung	B-ANAT
inflammation	I-DISO
in	O
mice	O
.	O

The	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
microvascular	O
endothelial	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
(	O
PMVECs	O
)	O
of	O
the	O
mice	B-SPEC
were	O
isolated	O
.	O

The	O
mRNA	B-PROC
expression	B-PROC
of	O
ICAM	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
in	O
mouse	B-SPEC
PMVECs	O
was	O
determined	O
using	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
protein	B-PROC
expression	B-PROC
of	O
MK2	B-PRGE
and	O
ICAM	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
in	O
mouse	B-SPEC
PMVECs	O
was	O
analyzed	O
using	O
Western	O
blotting	O
and	O
immunohistochemistry	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Enterovirus	B-SPEC
D68	O
(	O
EV	O
-	O
D68	O
)	O
is	O
a	O
pathogen	O
that	O
causes	O
outbreaks	O
of	O
respiratory	O
illness	O
across	O
the	O
world	O
,	O
mostly	O
in	O
children	O
,	O
and	O
can	O
be	O
especially	O
severe	O
in	O
those	O
with	O
asthma	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Prediction	O
and	O
evaluation	O
of	O
the	O
severity	O
of	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
following	O
severe	O
acute	O
pancreatitis	O
using	O
an	O
artificial	O
neural	B-PROC
network	I-PROC
algorithm	O
model	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
analyze	O
the	O
clinical	O
value	O
of	O
immature	O
granulocytes	B-ANAT
in	O
peripheral	B-ANAT
blood	I-ANAT
for	O
prediction	O
of	O
persistent	O
systemic	B-DISO
inflammatory	I-DISO
response	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SIRS	B-DISO
)	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
acute	B-DISO
pancreatitis	I-DISO
(	O
AP	O
).	O

They	O
replicate	O
well	O
in	O
experimentally	O
infected	O
pigs	B-SPEC
.	O

The	O
severity	O
of	O
diarrhea	O
and	O
intestinal	B-ANAT
atrophy	B-DISO
were	O
similar	O
between	O
icPC22A	O
and	O
the	O
coinfection	B-DISO
groups	O
,	O
but	O
were	O
significantly	O
higher	O
than	O
icPC22A	O
-	O
S1Δ197	O
group	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Effect	O
of	O
route	O
of	O
inoculation	O
on	O
innate	O
and	O
adaptive	B-PROC
immune	I-PROC
responses	I-PROC
to	O
porcine	B-SPEC
epidemic	B-DISO
diarrhea	I-DISO
virus	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
in	O
suckling	O
pigs	B-SPEC
.	O

Twenty	O
-	O
four	O
conventional	O
5	O
-	O
day	O
-	O
old	O
suckling	O
piglets	O
were	O
randomly	O
divided	O
into	O
four	O
groups	O
and	O
were	O
inoculated	O
orally	B-ANAT
,	O
intranasally	O
(	O
I	O
.	O
N	O
.),	O
intramuscularly	O
(	O
I	O
.	O
M	O
.)	O
with	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
or	O
DMEM	O
(	O
mock	O
).	O

Serum	B-PRGE
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
12	I-FUNC
levels	O
followed	O
a	O
similar	O
pattern	O
while	O
the	O
fold	O
-	O
change	O
was	O
much	O
lower	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Spotted	B-DISO
fever	I-DISO
rickettsioses	O
causing	O
myocarditis	B-DISO
and	O
ARDS	B-DISO
:	O
a	O
case	O
from	O
Sri	O
Lanka	B-SPEC
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
Rickettsial	O
infections	B-DISO
can	O
present	O
with	O
diverse	O
manifestations	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
investigate	O
a	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
outbreak	O
event	O
involving	O
multiple	O
healthcare	O
facilities	O
in	O
Riyadh	O
,	O
Saudi	O
Arabia	O
;	O
to	O
characterize	O
transmission	O
;	O
and	O
to	O
explore	O
infection	B-DISO
control	O
implications	O
.	O

The	O
patient	O
arrived	O
there	O
on	O
August	O
16	O
,	O
2018	O
,	O
developed	O
watery	B-DISO
diarrhea	I-DISO
on	O
August	O
28	O
(	O
day	O
0	O
),	O
and	O
came	O
back	B-ANAT
to	O
Korea	O
on	O
September	O
7	O
(	O
day	O
10	O
)	O
as	O
his	O
condition	B-DISO
worsened	O
.	O

Most	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
complications	I-DISO
(	O
over	O
50	O
%)	O
occurred	O
in	O
sepsis	B-DISO
-	O
induced	O
acute	O
kidney	B-ANAT
injury	O
.	O

Regarding	O
the	O
clinical	O
aspects	O
of	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
complications	I-DISO
,	O
the	O
most	O
frequent	O
were	O
ARDS	B-DISO
,	O
atelectasisand	O
bronchopneumopathies	B-DISO
,	O
determined	O
by	O
the	O
etiological	O
factors	O
that	O
had	O
caused	O
the	O
acute	O
kidney	B-ANAT
injury	O
in	O
the	O
first	O
place	O
,	O
and	O
by	O
the	O
acute	O
kidney	B-ANAT
injury	O
-	O
induced	O
physiological	B-PROC
effects	I-PROC
.	O

Multivariate	O
analysis	O
identified	O
low	O
blood	B-ANAT
pH	O
(	O
odds	O
ratio	O
[	O
OR	O
]	O
6	O
.	O
580	O
,	O
95	O
%	O
confidence	O
interval	O
[	O
CI	O
]	O
1	O
.	O
12	O
-	O
38	O
.	O
51	O
),	O
high	O
serum	B-COMP
lactate	B-CHED
level	O
(	O
OR	O
1	O
.	O
041	O
,	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
1	O
.	O
01	O
-	O
1	O
.	O
07	O
),	O
high	O
ISS	B-DISO
(	O
OR	O
1	O
.	O
109	O
,	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
1	O
.	O
06	O
-	O
1	O
.	O
16	O
),	O
high	O
APACHE	O
II	O
score	O
(	O
OR	O
1	O
.	O
189	O
,	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
1	O
.	O
07	O
-	O
1	O
.	O
33	O
),	O
traumatic	O
brain	B-ANAT
injury	O
(	O
TBI	O
)	O
(	O
OR	O
4	O
.	O
358	O
,	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
0	O
.	O
76	O
-	O
24	O
.	O
86	O
),	O
severe	O
hemorrhage	B-DISO
(	O
OR	O
5	O
.	O
314	O
,	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
1	O
.	O
07	O
-	O
26	O
.	O
49	O
),	O
and	O
coagulopathy	B-DISO
(	O
OR	O
5	O
.	O
916	O
,	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
1	O
.	O
17	O
-	O
29	O
.	O
90	O
)	O
as	O
useful	O
predictors	O
of	O
acute	O
in	O
-	O
hospital	O
mortality	O
.	O

High	O
ISS	O
(	O
OR	O
1	O
.	O
047	O
,	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
1	O
.	O
02	O
-	O
1	O
.	O
08	O
),	O
TBI	O
(	O
OR	O
8	O
.	O
922	O
,	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
2	O
.	O
57	O
-	O
31	O
.	O
00	O
),	O
sepsis	B-DISO
(	O
OR	O
4	O
.	O
956	O
,	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
1	O
.	O
99	O
-	O
12	O
.	O
36	O
),	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
(	O
OR	O
8	O
.	O
036	O
,	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
1	O
.	O
85	O
-	O
34	O
.	O
84	O
),	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
(	O
OR	O
9	O
.	O
630	O
,	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
2	O
.	O
64	O
-	O
35	O
.	O
14	O
),	O
renal	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
(	O
OR	O
74	O
.	O
803	O
,	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
11	O
.	O
34	O
-	O
493	O
.	O
43	O
),	O
and	O
multiple	B-DISO
organ	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
[	O
MOF	B-DISO
]	O
(	O
OR	O
10	O
.	O
415	O
,	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
4	O
.	O
48	O
-	O
24	O
.	O
24	O
)	O
were	O
risk	O
factors	O
for	O
late	O
in	O
-	O
hospital	O
mortality	O
.	O

We	O
observed	O
a	O
complete	O
loss	O
of	O
9	O
-	O
O	O
-	O
acetylation	B-PROC
of	O
sialic	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
on	O
the	O
surface	O
of	O
myeloid	O
,	O
erythroid	O
and	O
CD4	B-PRGE
+	I-PRGE
T	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
in	O
Casd1	B-PRGE
-	O
deficient	O
mice	B-SPEC
.	O

Although	O
9	O
-	O
O	O
-	O
acetylation	B-PROC
of	O
sialic	B-CHED
acids	I-CHED
on	O
multiple	O
hematopoietic	O
lineages	O
was	O
lost	B-CHED
,	O
there	O
were	O
no	O
obvious	O
defects	O
in	O
hematopoiesis	B-PROC
.	O

Interestingly	O
,	O
erythrocytes	B-ANAT
from	O
Casd1	B-PRGE
-	O
deficient	O
mice	B-SPEC
also	O
lost	B-CHED
reactivity	O
to	O
TER	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
119	I-PRGE
,	O
a	O
rat	B-SPEC
monoclonal	O
antibody	B-COMP
that	O
is	O
widely	O
used	O
to	O
mark	O
the	O
murine	B-SPEC
erythroid	O
lineage	O
.	O

The	O
sialic	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
glyco	O
-	O
epitope	B-CHED
recognized	O
by	O
TER	B-COMP
-	O
119	O
on	O
erythrocytes	B-ANAT
was	O
sensitive	O
to	O
the	O
sialic	B-PRGE
acid	I-PRGE
O	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
acetyl	B-CHED
esterase	B-FUNC
activity	I-FUNC
of	O
the	O
hemagglutinin	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
esterase	I-PRGE
from	O
bovine	B-SPEC
coronavirus	B-SPEC
but	O
not	O
to	O
the	O
corresponding	O
enzyme	O
from	O
the	O
influenza	B-SPEC
C	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Although	O
several	O
reports	O
suggest	O
that	O
the	O
entry	O
of	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
IBV	B-SPEC
)	O
depends	O
on	O
lipid	B-COMP
rafts	I-COMP
and	O
low	O
pH	O
,	O
the	O
endocytic	O
route	O
and	O
intracellular	B-COMP
trafficking	B-PROC
are	O
unclear	O
.	O

in	O
late	B-COMP
endosome	I-COMP
/	O
lysosome	B-COMP
.	O

The	O
discovery	O
and	O
exploitation	O
of	O
oil	O
and	O
gas	B-ENZY
led	O
to	O
a	O
5	O
-	O
fold	O
increase	O
in	O
Qatar	O
GDP	B-CHED
coupled	O
with	O
a	O
7	O
-	O
fold	O
population	O
growth	B-PROC
in	O
the	O
past	O
30	O
years	O
.	O

Methemoglobinemia	B-DISO
and	O
hemolysis	B-DISO
are	O
known	O
side	O
effects	O
of	O
rasburicase	O
that	O
result	O
from	O
oxidative	B-DISO
stress	I-DISO
caused	O
by	O
hydrogen	B-CHED
peroxide	I-CHED
,	O
a	O
byproduct	O
generated	O
during	O
the	O
breakdown	B-DISO
of	O
uric	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
to	O
allantoin	B-CHED
.	O

He	O
also	O
had	O
a	O
discrepancy	O
of	O
the	O
transcutaneous	O
saturation	O
(	O
75	O
%)	O
and	O
the	O
saturation	O
in	O
an	O
arterial	B-ANAT
blood	I-ANAT
gas	O
value	O
(	O
99	O
%).	O

His	O
methemoglobin	B-PRGE
level	O
was	O
found	O
to	O
be	O
11	O
.	O
9	O
%.	O

The	O
most	O
recent	O
randomized	O
clinical	O
trial	O
,	O
Conventional	O
Ventilation	O
or	O
ECMO	O
for	O
Severe	O
Adult	O
Respiratory	B-DISO
Failure	I-DISO
(	O
CESAR	O
),	O
showed	O
a	O
significant	O
mortality	O
reduction	O
in	O
ARDS	B-DISO
patients	O
who	O
were	O
treated	O
with	O
ECMO	O
[	O
Peek	B-CHED
2009	O
].	O

The	O
results	O
of	O
the	O
trial	O
have	O
led	O
some	O
to	O
believe	O
that	O
the	O
widespread	O
adoption	O
of	O
ECMO	O
as	O
a	O
feasible	O
treatment	O
for	O
severe	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
is	O
forthcoming	O
[	O
MacLaren	O
2012	O
;	O
Del	O
Sorbo	O
2014	O
].	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Influenza	B-SPEC
viruses	I-SPEC
infect	O
the	O
upper	B-ANAT
respiratory	I-ANAT
system	I-ANAT
,	O
causing	O
usually	O
a	O
self	O
-	O
limited	O
disease	O
with	O
mild	O
respiratory	B-DISO
symptoms	I-DISO
.	O

Acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
,	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
microvascular	O
leakage	B-DISO
and	O
cardiovascular	B-DISO
collapse	I-DISO
may	O
occur	O
in	O
severe	O
cases	O
,	O
usually	O
in	O
the	O
elderly	O
or	O
in	O
immunocompromised	O
patients	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
the	O
main	O
clinical	O
devastating	O
effects	O
are	O
caused	O
by	O
endothelial	B-DISO
dysfunction	I-DISO
,	O
thought	O
to	O
be	O
the	O
main	O
mechanism	O
leading	O
to	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
oedema	I-DISO
,	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
and	O
cardiovascular	B-DISO
collapse	I-DISO
.	O

The	O
incidence	O
of	O
admission	O
due	O
to	O
AMI	B-DISO
during	O
an	O
acute	O
viral	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
was	O
six	O
times	O
as	O
high	O
during	O
the	O
7	O
days	O
after	O
laboratory	O
confirmation	O
of	O
influenza	B-DISO
infection	B-DISO
as	O
during	O
the	O
control	O
interval	O
(	O
10	O
-	O
fold	O
in	O
influenza	B-DISO
B	O
,	O
5	O
-	O
fold	O
in	O
influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
,	O
3	O
.	O
5	O
-	O
fold	O
in	O
respiratory	B-SPEC
syncytial	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
and	O
2	O
.	O
7	O
-	O
fold	O
for	O
all	O
other	O
viruses	B-SPEC
).	O

In	O
other	O
words	O
,	O
both	O
T1	O
PHQ	O
-	O
9	O
and	O
T2	O
PHQ	O
-	O
9	O
fully	O
mediated	O
the	O
relationship	O
between	O
T1	O
FSS	B-DISO
and	O
T2	O
IES	B-CHED
.	O

The	O
characteristics	O
of	O
this	O
cohort	O
of	O
patients	O
,	O
including	O
the	O
risk	O
of	O
bleeding	B-DISO
and	O
the	O
need	O
for	O
systemic	O
anticoagulation	B-PROC
,	O
are	O
generally	O
considered	O
as	O
relative	O
contraindications	O
to	O
ECMO	O
treatment	O
.	O

The	O
recent	O
findings	O
suggest	O
that	O
venous	B-ANAT
-	O
venous	B-ANAT
ECMO	O
can	O
be	O
feasible	O
in	O
the	O
treatment	O
of	O
refractory	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
and	O
severe	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
trauma	O
-	O
related	O
.	O

MERS	O
is	O
caused	O
by	O
a	O
novel	O
betacoronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
).	O

Interleukin	B-PRGE
(	O
IL	O
)-	O
6	O
acts	O
as	O
a	O
mediator	O
between	O
pro	B-CHED
-	O
and	O
anti	O
-	O
inflammatory	O
reactivity	O
by	O
initiating	O
trans	O
-	O
and	O
classical	O
-	O
signaling	B-PROC
,	O
respectively	O
.	O

This	O
ncRNA	B-DISO
consists	O
of	O
563	O
nucleotides	B-CHED
excluding	O
a	O
poly	O
(	O
A	O
)	O
tail	O
,	O
is	O
mainly	O
derived	O
from	O
the	O
3	O
'-	O
untranslated	O
region	O
of	O
IBV	B-SPEC
genome	O
,	O
and	O
contains	O
a	O
63	O
-	O
nt	O
-	O
long	O
of	O
terminal	O
leader	O
sequence	O
derived	O
from	O
the	O
5	O
'	O
end	O
of	O
the	O
viral	B-COMP
genome	I-COMP
.	O

However	O
,	O
with	O
the	O
exception	O
of	O
neuraminidase	B-PROC
inhibitors	I-PROC
for	O
influenza	B-PATH
infection	B-DISO
,	O
there	O
are	O
no	O
accepted	O
treatments	O
.	O

Multiple	O
two	O
-	O
mode	O
networks	O
with	O
swine	B-SPEC
herds	O
and	O
service	O
suppliers	O
were	O
constructed	O
.	O

Network	O
descriptive	O
measures	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
the	O
results	O
of	O
the	O
hypotheses	O
testing	O
indicate	O
little	O
significance	O
in	O
the	O
roles	O
of	O
animal	B-SPEC
movement	B-PROC
,	O
animal	B-SPEC
transportation	O
companies	O
,	O
and	O
semen	B-ANAT
suppliers	O
during	O
the	O
initial	O
phase	O
of	O
the	O
2014	O
Canadian	O
PED	O
outbreak	O
.	O

Polymerase	B-PRGE
δ	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
interacting	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
(	O
Poldip2	B-PRGE
)	O
is	O
a	O
novel	O
regulator	O
of	O
blood	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
brain	I-PROC
barrier	I-PROC
permeability	O
;	O
however	O
,	O
its	O
role	O
in	O
regulating	O
lung	B-ANAT
permeability	O
and	O
vascular	B-DISO
inflammation	I-DISO
is	O
unknown	O
.	O

Moreover	O
,	O
reduced	O
Poldip2	B-PRGE
-	O
suppressed	O
LP	O
-	O
induced	O
vascular	B-PRGE
cell	B-PROC
adhesion	B-DISO
molecule	I-PRGE
(	O
VCAM	B-PRGE
)-	O
1	O
induction	O
,	O
leukocyte	B-ANAT
recruitment	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
mitochondrial	B-ANAT
reactive	B-CHED
oxygen	I-CHED
species	I-CHED
(	O
ROS	B-CHED
)	O
production	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Production	O
of	O
porcine	B-PRGE
aminopeptidase	B-ENZY
N	I-ENZY
(	O
pAPN	O
)	O
site	O
-	O
specific	O
edited	O
pigs	B-SPEC
.	O

We	O
evaluated	O
different	O
thresholds	O
for	O
patient	O
'	O
s	O
age	O
,	O
PaO2	O
/	O
FIO2	O
,	O
plateau	O
pressure	O
,	O
and	O
number	O
of	O
extrapulmonary	O
organ	B-ANAT
failures	O
to	O
predict	O
ICU	O
outcome	O
at	O
24	O
hours	O
of	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
distress	O
syndrome	O
diagnosis	O
.	O

Combined	O
thresholds	O
for	O
patient	O
'	O
s	O
age	O
,	O
PaO2	O
/	O
FIO2	O
,	O
plateau	O
pressure	O
,	O
and	O
extrapulmonary	O
organ	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
provides	O
prognostic	O
enrichment	O
accuracy	O
for	O
stratifying	O
and	O
selecting	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
patients	O
for	O
randomized	O
controlled	O
trials	O
.	O

Two	O
patients	O
suffered	B-DISO
postpartum	B-DISO
hemorrhage	I-DISO
despite	O
the	O
management	O
.	O

Five	O
out	O
of	O
six	O
newborns	O
required	O
hospitalization	O
,	O
three	O
of	O
them	O
due	O
to	O
neonatal	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

Comprehensive	O
treatment	O
including	O
fluids	B-ANAT
resuscitation	O
and	O
uterine	B-ANAT
inhibition	B-PROC
in	O
pregnant	O
women	O
with	O
severe	O
dengue	B-DISO
in	O
preterm	O
or	O
term	O
labor	B-PROC
could	O
be	O
useful	O
.	O

We	O
concluded	O
that	O
although	O
tocolysis	O
is	O
not	O
regularly	O
used	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
dengue	B-DISO
fever	I-DISO
,	O
our	O
results	O
suggest	O
that	O
our	O
protocol	O
could	O
benefit	O
pregnant	O
patients	O
with	O
thrombocytopenia	O
due	O
to	O
dengue	B-DISO
;	O
however	O
,	O
prospective	O
studies	O
which	O
determine	O
the	O
safety	O
and	O
effectiveness	O
of	O
our	O
intervention	O
are	O
needed	O
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
Comprehensive	O
treatment	O
including	O
fluids	B-ANAT
resuscitation	O
and	O
uterine	B-ANAT
inhibition	B-PROC
in	O
pregnant	O
women	O
with	O
severe	O
dengue	B-DISO
in	O
preterm	O
or	O
term	O
labor	B-PROC
could	O
be	O
useful	O
.	O

Several	O
animal	B-SPEC
models	O
have	O
been	O
established	O
to	O
study	O
disease	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
and	O
to	O
develop	O
vaccines	O
and	O
therapeutic	O
agents	O
.	O

On	O
day	O
5	O
or	O
7	O
postinoculation	O
,	O
lungs	B-ANAT
of	O
adult	O
Tg	O
mice	B-SPEC
contained	O
higher	O
levels	O
of	O
proinflammatory	O
cytokines	O
and	O
chemokines	O
associated	O
with	O
migration	B-PROC
of	O
macrophages	B-ANAT
.	O

A	O
72	O
-	O
year	O
-	O
old	O
male	O
was	O
referred	O
to	O
the	O
respiratory	O
intensive	O
care	O
unit	O
for	O
hypoxemic	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
due	O
to	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

At	O
discharge	B-ANAT
,	O
major	O
improvements	O
were	O
observed	O
for	O
upper	B-ANAT
limb	I-ANAT
activities	O
.	O

Herein	O
,	O
we	O
describe	O
adjunctive	O
extended	O
therapeutic	O
hypothermia	O
for	O
refractory	O
hypoxemia	O
despite	O
veno	O
-	O
venous	B-ANAT
extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenation	B-PROC
for	O
successful	O
management	O
of	O
severe	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
secondary	O
to	O
Legionella	B-SPEC
.	O

Horses	B-SPEC
were	O
divided	O
into	O
3	O
groups	O
based	O
on	O
fecal	B-ANAT
diagnostic	O
test	O
results	O
:	O
ECoV	O
-	O
positive	O
,	O
Salmonella	B-DISO
-	O
positive	O
,	O
or	O
unknown	O
diagnosis	O
(	O
UNK	O
).	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Positive	O
-	O
sense	O
RNA	O
viruses	B-SPEC
hijack	O
intracellular	B-COMP
membranes	B-ANAT
that	O
provide	O
niches	O
for	O
viral	O
RNA	B-PROC
synthesis	I-PROC
and	O
a	O
platform	O
for	O
interactions	O
with	O
host	B-COMP
proteins	B-CHED
.	O

Notably	O
,	O
detection	O
of	O
translation	B-PROC
initiation	I-PROC
factors	O
at	O
the	O
RTC	O
was	O
instrumental	O
to	O
visualize	O
and	O
demonstrate	O
active	O
translation	B-PROC
proximal	O
to	O
replication	O
complexes	O
of	O
several	O
coronaviruses	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Bats	B-SPEC
are	O
speculated	O
to	O
be	O
reservoirs	O
of	O
several	O
emerging	O
viruses	B-SPEC
including	O
coronaviruses	O
(	O
CoVs	O
)	O
that	O
cause	O
serious	O
disease	O
in	O
humans	B-SPEC
and	O
agricultural	O
animals	B-SPEC
.	O

We	O
hope	O
that	O
this	O
review	O
will	O
enable	O
readers	O
to	O
identify	O
gaps	O
in	O
knowledge	O
that	O
currently	O
exist	O
and	O
initiate	O
a	O
dialogue	O
amongst	O
bat	B-ENZY
researchers	O
to	O
share	O
resources	O
to	O
overcome	O
present	O
limitations	O
.	O

We	O
found	O
that	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
infection	B-DISO
induced	I-DISO
pyroptosis	B-PROC
and	O
over	O
-	O
activation	O
of	O
complement	O
in	O
human	B-SPEC
macrophages	B-ANAT
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Development	B-PROC
of	O
a	O
Whole	O
-	O
Virus	B-SPEC
ELISA	O
for	O
Serological	O
Evaluation	O
of	O
Domestic	O
Livestock	O
as	O
Possible	O
Hosts	O
of	O
Human	B-PRGE
Coronavirus	I-PRGE
NL63	I-PRGE
.	O

We	O
developed	O
a	O
testing	O
algorithm	O
for	O
high	O
throughput	O
screening	O
of	O
livestock	O
sera	B-COMP
with	O
ELISA	O
and	O
confirmation	O
with	O
recombinant	O
immunofluorescence	O
assay	O
testing	O
for	O
antibodies	B-COMP
against	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
NL63	I-SPEC
in	O
livestock	O
.	O

In	O
the	O
United	O
States	O
,	O
inactivated	O
and	O
subunit	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
vaccines	O
for	O
pregnant	O
sows	O
are	O
available	O
,	O
but	O
fail	O
to	O
induce	O
sufficient	O
protection	O
in	O
neonatal	O
piglets	O
farrowed	O
from	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
naïve	O
sows	O
.	O

PEDV	B-SPEC
PC22A	O
P100C4	O
and	O
P120	B-PRGE
were	O
fully	O
attenuated	O
in	O
weaned	B-PROC
pigs	B-SPEC
but	O
failed	O
to	O
elicit	O
protection	O
against	O
virulent	O
P3	O
challenge	O
.	O

Nasopharyngeal	B-ANAT
swabs	O
were	O
analyzed	O
by	O
multiplex	O
real	O
time	O
polymerase	O
chain	O
reaction	O
,	O
for	O
18	O
viruses	B-SPEC
and	O
3	O
bacteria	B-SPEC
(	O
H	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
influenzae	I-SPEC
type	O
b	O
,	O
C	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
pneumoniae	I-SPEC
and	O
M	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
pneumoniae	I-SPEC
).	O

Moreover	O
,	O
using	O
time	O
-	O
of	O
-	O
addition	O
assays	O
and	O
RT	O
-	O
qPCR	O
,	O
we	O
found	O
that	O
delayed	O
addition	O
of	O
Griffithsin	O
had	O
a	O
weaker	O
inhibitory	O
effect	O
on	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
than	O
earlier	O
treatment	O
.	O

Six	O
adults	O
had	O
polyomavirus	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
and	O
four	O
(	O
1	O
.	O
6	O
%)	O
had	O
monoinfection	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Gonadal	B-ANAT
pathogenicity	O
of	O
an	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
strain	O
from	O
the	O
Massachusetts	O
genotype	O
.	O

On	O
the	O
other	O
hand	O
,	O
we	O
observed	O
ovarian	B-ANAT
and	O
testicle	B-ANAT
lesions	O
.	O

Consecutive	O
children	O
with	O
Guillain	O
Barré	O
syndrome	B-DISO
were	O
recruited	O
to	O
compare	O
the	O
clinical	O
profile	O
and	O
short	O
term	O
outcome	O
among	O
the	O
subtypes	O
.	O

Tidal	O
volume	O
was	O
calculated	O
based	O
on	O
actual	O
body	B-ANAT
weight	O
and	O
two	O
different	O
formulations	O
of	O
ideal	O
body	B-ANAT
weight	O
.	O

Tidal	O
volume	O
,	O
based	O
on	O
both	O
actual	O
body	B-ANAT
weight	O
and	O
ideal	O
body	B-ANAT
weight	O
,	O
was	O
not	O
associated	O
with	O
either	O
increased	O
mortality	O
or	O
decreased	O
probability	O
of	O
extubation	O
after	O
adjusting	O
for	O
oxygenation	B-PROC
index	O
in	O
the	O
whole	O
cohort	O
,	O
whereas	O
associations	O
between	O
higher	O
tidal	O
volume	O
and	O
poor	O
outcomes	O
were	O
seen	O
in	O
subgroup	O
analyses	O
in	O
overweight	B-DISO
children	O
and	O
in	O
severe	O
pediatric	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

Our	O
retrospective	O
analysis	O
of	O
a	O
cohort	O
of	O
pediatric	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
patients	O
did	O
not	O
find	O
a	O
consistent	O
association	O
between	O
tidal	O
volume	O
adjusted	O
for	O
ideal	O
body	B-ANAT
weight	O
and	O
outcomes	O
,	O
although	O
an	O
association	O
may	O
exist	O
in	O
certain	O
subgroups	O
.	O

Both	O
patients	O
presented	O
with	O
a	O
chief	O
complaint	O
of	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
and	O
were	O
previously	O
diagnosed	O
with	O
idiopathic	B-DISO
pulmonary	I-DISO
fibrosis	I-DISO
(	O
IPF	O
).	O

Since	O
pertussis	B-PATH
can	O
be	O
prevented	O
with	O
vaccination	O
and	O
is	O
expected	O
to	O
be	O
affected	O
by	O
antibiotics	B-CHED
,	O
consideration	O
of	O
pertussis	B-PATH
infection	B-DISO
as	O
a	O
causative	O
virulent	O
factor	O
of	O
AE	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
IPF	I-PRGE
may	O
be	O
important	O
for	O
management	O
of	O
subjects	O
with	O
IPF	O
.	O

Taken	O
together	O
,	O
our	O
results	O
suggest	O
that	O
L	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
acidophilus	I-SPEC
S	B-COMP
-	I-COMP
layer	I-COMP
protein	B-CHED
plays	O
an	O
inhibitory	O
role	O
during	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
of	O
Vero	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
,	O
and	O
that	O
the	O
antagonistic	O
activity	O
of	O
the	O
protein	B-CHED
is	O
not	O
via	O
competition	O
with	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
for	O
binding	B-FUNC
sites	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
the	O
efficacy	O
of	O
venovenous	O
ECMO	O
in	O
people	O
with	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
is	O
uncertain	O
according	O
to	O
the	O
most	O
recent	O
data	O
.	O

In	O
this	O
systematic	O
review	O
and	O
meta	B-SPEC
-	O
analysis	O
,	O
we	O
searched	O
MEDLINE	O
(	O
including	O
MEDLINE	O
In	O
-	O
Process	O
and	O
Epub	O
Ahead	O
of	O
Print	O
),	O
Embase	O
and	O
the	O
Wiley	O
search	O
platform	O
in	O
the	O
Cochrane	O
database	O
for	O
randomised	O
controlled	O
trials	O
and	O
observational	O
studies	O
with	O
matching	O
of	O
conventional	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
with	O
and	O
without	O
venovenous	O
ECMO	O
in	O
adults	O
with	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

In	O
order	B-SPEC
to	O
contribute	O
to	O
a	O
better	O
understanding	O
of	O
the	O
nucleoprotein	O
(	O
N	O
)	O
in	O
charge	O
of	O
RNA	O
genome	O
encapsidation	O
,	O
the	O
structure	O
of	O
the	O
C	O
-	O
terminal	O
domain	O
of	O
N	O
from	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
obtained	O
using	O
single	O
-	O
crystal	B-ANAT
X	O
-	O
ray	B-SPEC
diffraction	O
is	O
reported	O
here	O
at	O
1	O
.	O
97	O
Å	O
resolution	O
.	O

Comparison	O
of	O
this	O
ISG15	O
structure	O
with	O
those	O
from	O
human	B-SPEC
and	O
mouse	B-SPEC
not	O
only	O
underscores	O
the	O
structural	O
impact	O
of	O
ISG15	B-PRGE
species	B-SPEC
-	O
species	B-SPEC
differences	O
,	O
but	O
also	O
highlights	O
a	O
conserved	O
hydrophobic	O
motif	O
formed	O
between	O
the	O
two	O
domains	O
of	O
ISG15	B-PRGE
.	O

Recently	O
,	O
numerous	O
evolutionary	O
studies	O
have	O
suggested	O
that	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
originated	O
from	O
bat	B-ENZY
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
BatCoV	O
).	O

We	O
herein	O
reported	O
that	O
three	O
peptides	B-CHED
derived	O
from	O
the	O
HR2	O
region	O
in	O
spike	O
protein	B-CHED
of	O
BatCoV	O
HKU4	O
,	O
including	O
HKU4	O
-	O
HR2P1	O
,	O
HKU4	O
-	O
HR2P2	O
and	O
HKU4	O
-	O
HR2P3	O
,	O
could	O
bind	B-FUNC
the	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
HR1	O
-	O
derived	O
peptide	B-CHED
to	O
form	O
a	O
six	O
-	O
helix	O
bundle	O
(	O
6	O
-	O
HB	O
)	O
with	O
high	O
stability	O
.	O

After	O
four	O
rounds	O
of	O
biopanning	O
,	O
scFvs	O
that	O
showed	O
higher	O
affinity	O
to	O
the	O
PEDV	B-PRGE
antigen	B-CHED
were	O
selected	O
for	O
further	O
study	O
.	O

These	O
scFvs	O
were	O
shown	O
to	O
inhibit	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
infectivity	O
by	O
the	O
plaque	B-DISO
reduction	O
neutralization	O
assay	O
.	O

Piglets	O
orally	B-ANAT
administered	O
scFvs	O
showed	O
no	O
to	O
mild	O
clinical	O
symptoms	O
,	O
significantly	O
less	O
viral	B-DISO
shedding	I-DISO
,	O
no	O
mortality	O
and	O
no	O
intestinal	B-ANAT
lesions	O
.	O

We	O
outline	O
the	O
research	O
still	O
needed	O
to	O
fully	O
elucidate	O
the	O
pathogenic	O
mechanism	O
of	O
these	O
viruses	B-SPEC
,	O
to	O
construct	O
reproducible	O
animal	B-SPEC
models	O
,	O
and	O
ultimately	O
develop	O
countermeasures	O
to	O
conquer	O
not	O
only	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
and	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
,	O
but	O
also	O
these	O
emerging	O
coronaviral	O
diseases	O
.	O

Together	O
with	O
the	O
spike	O
(	O
S	O
)	O
protein	B-CHED
,	O
the	O
nucleocapsid	B-COMP
(	O
N	O
)	O
protein	B-CHED
is	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
immunodominant	O
regions	O
among	O
coronaviruses	O
.	O

In	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
two	O
-	O
way	O
antigenic	O
cross	O
-	O
reactivity	O
between	O
the	O
N	O
proteins	B-CHED
of	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
and	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
was	O
observed	O
by	O
indirect	O
immunofluorescence	O
assay	O
(	O
IFA	O
)	O
and	O
Western	O
blot	O
analysis	O
.	O

The	O
clinical	O
signs	O
and	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
of	O
the	O
three	O
viruses	B-SPEC
are	O
similar	O
.	O

Besides	O
strict	O
biosecurity	O
measures	O
,	O
individual	O
vaccines	O
are	O
needed	O
for	O
each	O
virus	B-SPEC
for	O
disease	O
prevention	O
and	O
control	O
.	O

It	O
has	O
also	O
been	O
associated	O
with	O
acute	O
kidney	B-ANAT
injury	O
(	O
AKI	O
).	O

There	O
was	O
no	O
significant	O
difference	O
in	O
NRI	B-CHED
in	O
the	O
no	O
-	O
ARDS	B-DISO
group	O
.	O

There	O
was	O
no	O
significant	O
difference	O
in	O
NRI	B-CHED
in	O
the	O
no	O
-	O
ARDS	B-DISO
group	O
.	O

Our	O
data	O
further	O
suggested	O
that	O
lipid	B-PROC
metabolism	B-PROC
regulation	I-PROC
would	O
be	O
a	O
common	O
and	O
druggable	O
target	O
for	O
coronavirus	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
study	O
objective	O
was	O
to	O
compare	O
titration	O
of	O
positive	O
end	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
expiratory	I-PROC
pressure	O
(	O
PEEP	B-CHED
)	O
with	O
electrical	B-PROC
impedance	I-PROC
tomography	O
(	O
EIT	O
)	O
and	O
with	O
ventilator	O
-	O
embedded	O
pressure	O
-	O
volume	O
loop	O
in	O
severe	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
).	O

Twenty	O
-	O
four	O
severe	O
ARDS	B-DISO
patients	O
(	O
arterial	B-ANAT
oxygen	B-PROC
partial	I-PROC
pressure	I-PROC
to	O
fractional	O
inspired	B-PROC
oxygen	B-CHED
ratio	O
,	O
PaO	B-PROC
Patients	O
in	O
the	O
EIT	O
group	O
were	O
younger	O
(	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
),	O
and	O
their	O
mean	O
plateau	O
pressure	O
was	O
1	O
.	O
5	O
cmH	B-DISO
In	O
severe	O
ARDS	B-DISO
patients	O
,	O
it	O
was	O
feasible	O
and	O
safe	O
to	O
guide	O
PEEP	B-CHED
titration	O
with	O
EIT	O
at	O
the	O
bedside	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Paracetamol	O
is	O
a	O
popular	O
and	O
easily	O
available	O
drug	O
which	O
is	O
used	O
world	O
-	O
wide	O
as	O
analgesic	B-CHED
,	O
antipyretic	B-CHED
agent	O
.	O

The	O
optimal	O
mAb	O
4A11	O
was	O
coated	O
on	O
NC	O
membrane	B-COMP
as	O
the	O
capturing	O
reagent	B-CHED
and	O
the	O
mAb	O
A11H7	O
was	O
coupled	O
to	O
gold	B-CHED
nanoparticles	B-CHED
(	O
AuNPs	O
)	O
as	O
detection	O
reagent	B-CHED
for	O
the	O
new	O
ICA	B-CHED
.	O

Results	O
indicated	O
that	O
the	O
limit	O
of	O
detection	O
(	O
LOD	O
)	O
of	O
the	O
new	O
ICA	B-CHED
was	O
0	O
.	O
47	O
μg	O
/	O
mL	O
(	O
5	O
.	O
9	O
×	O
10	O
A	O
new	O
ICA	B-CHED
based	O
on	O
mAbs	O
prepared	O
by	O
CSFIA	O
was	O
developed	O
in	O
this	O
study	O
.	O

Results	O
indicated	O
that	O
the	O
limit	O
of	O
detection	O
(	O
LOD	B-FUNC
)	O
of	O
the	O
new	O
ICA	B-CHED
was	O
0	O
.	O
47	O
μg	O
/	O
mL	O
(	O
5	O
.	O
9	O
×	O
10	O

Of	O
228	O
severe	B-DISO
sepsis	I-DISO
patients	O
included	O
,	O
80	O
(	O
35	O
%)	O
developed	O
AKI	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
RRT	I-PRGE
.	O

Plasma	B-PRGE
sVE	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
cadherin	I-PRGE
levels	O
by	O
quartile	O
were	O
significantly	O
higher	O
in	O
severe	B-DISO
sepsis	I-DISO
patients	O
with	O
acute	O
kidney	B-ANAT
injury	O
stage	O
3	O
(	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
044	O
)	O
as	O
defined	O
by	O
Kidney	B-DISO
Disease	I-DISO
Improving	O
Global	O
Outcomes	O
(	O
KDIGO	O
)	O
criteria	O
.	O

In	O
a	O
multivariable	O
analysis	O
,	O
plasma	B-PRGE
sVE	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
cadherin	I-PRGE
was	O
independently	O
associated	O
with	O
AKI	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
RRT	I-PRGE
(	O
odds	O
ratio	O
6	O
.	O
44	O
per	O
log	O
increase	O
in	O
plasma	B-PRGE
sVE	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
cadherin	I-PRGE
,	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
1	O
.	O
126	O
-	O
36	O
.	O
847	O
,	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
036	O
).	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Feline	B-SPEC
coronaviruses	O
(	O
FCoVs	O
)	O
are	O
the	O
causative	O
agents	O
of	O
severe	O
systemic	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
(	O
feline	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
peritonitis	I-DISO
:	O
FIP	B-DISO
)	O
in	O
domestic	O
and	O
wild	B-SPEC
cats	I-SPEC
.	O

Therefore	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
necessary	O
to	O
provide	O
antiviral	B-CHED
agents	I-CHED
for	O
type	O
I	O
FCoV	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

Sixteen	O
patients	O
(	O
13	O
.	O
9	O
%)	O
died	B-PROC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Since	O
2012	O
,	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
has	O
caused	O
up	O
to	O
2220	O
cases	O
and	O
790	O
deaths	O
in	O
27	O
countries	O
with	O
Saudi	O
Arabia	O
being	O
the	O
most	O
affected	O
country	O
with	O
~	O
83	O
.	O
1	O
%	O
of	O
the	O
cases	O
and	O
~	O
38	O
.	O
8	O
%	O
local	O
death	B-PROC
rate	O
.	O

First	O
part	O
of	O
Kapha	O
pitta	B-SPEC
samrushtavata	O
(	O
Vatadosha	O
associated	O
with	O
Kapha	O
and	O
Pitta	B-SPEC
dosha	O
)	O
and	O
then	O
vatahara	O
chikitsa	O
were	O
followed	O
.	O

Here	O
we	O
provide	O
a	O
brief	O
review	O
of	O
the	O
latest	O
findings	O
in	O
bat	B-ENZY
viruses	B-SPEC
and	O
their	O
potential	O
risk	O
of	O
cross	O
-	O
species	B-SPEC
transmission	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Recent	O
years	O
have	O
seen	O
unprecedented	O
investment	O
in	O
research	O
and	O
development	O
for	O
countermeasures	O
for	O
high	O
-	O
threat	O
pathogens	O
,	O
including	O
specific	O
and	O
ambitious	O
objectives	O
for	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
diagnostics	O
,	O
therapeutics	O
,	O
and	O
vaccines	O
.	O

The	O
pipeline	O
has	O
been	O
validated	O
on	O
human	B-DISO
immunodeficiency	I-DISO
virus	I-DISO
,	O
human	B-SPEC
parainfluenza	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
1	I-SPEC
-	O
4	O
,	O
human	B-SPEC
metapneumovirus	I-SPEC
,	O
human	B-SPEC
coronaviruses	O
(	O
229E	O
/	O
OC43	O
/	O
NL63	O
/	O
HKU1	O
/	O
SARS	B-DISO
/	O
MERS	O
),	O
human	B-SPEC
enteroviruses	B-SPEC
/	O
rhinoviruses	B-SPEC
,	O
measles	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
,	O
mumps	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
,	O
Hepatitis	B-DISO
A	I-DISO
-	O
E	O
Virus	B-SPEC
,	O
Chikungunya	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
,	O
dengue	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
,	O
and	O
West	B-DISO
Nile	I-DISO
virus	I-DISO
,	O
as	O
well	O
the	O
human	B-SPEC
polyomaviruses	B-SPEC
BK	O
/	O
JC	O
/	O
MCV	O
,	O
human	B-SPEC
adenoviruses	B-SPEC
,	O
and	O
human	B-SPEC
papillomaviruses	O
.	O

VAPiD	O
is	O
programmed	O
in	O
Python	B-SPEC
and	O
is	O
compatible	O
with	O
Windows	O
,	O
Linux	O
,	O
and	O
Mac	B-PRGE
OS	I-PRGE
systems	I-PRGE
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
What	O
Have	O
We	O
Learned	B-PROC
About	O
Middle	O
East	O
Respiratory	O
Syndrome	B-DISO
Coronavirus	B-SPEC
Emergence	O
in	O
Humans	B-SPEC
?	O

There	O
have	O
been	O
sustained	O
health	O
care	O
-	O
associated	O
human	B-SPEC
outbreaks	O
in	O
Saudi	O
Arabia	O
and	O
South	O
Korea	O
,	O
the	O
latter	O
originating	O
from	O
one	O
traveler	O
returning	O
from	O
the	O
Middle	O
East	O
.	O

Various	O
potential	O
therapeutics	O
have	O
been	O
identified	O
,	O
but	O
not	O
yet	O
evaluated	O
in	O
human	B-SPEC
clinical	O
trials	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Neutrophil	B-ANAT
extracellular	B-COMP
traps	B-DISO
have	O
been	O
associated	O
with	O
tissue	B-ANAT
damage	O
.	O

Whether	O
these	O
are	O
involved	O
in	O
the	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
of	O
human	B-SPEC
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
and	O
could	O
be	O
a	O
potential	O
therapeutic	O
target	O
is	O
unknown	O
.	O

The	O
authors	O
quantified	O
bronchoalveolar	O
and	O
blood	B-ANAT
neutrophil	B-ANAT
extracellular	B-COMP
traps	B-DISO
in	O
patients	O
with	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
-	O
related	O
ARDS	B-DISO
and	O
assessed	O
their	O
relationship	O
with	O
ventilator	O
-	O
free	O
days	O
.	O

Immunocompetent	O
patients	O
with	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
and	O
moderate	O
or	O
severe	O
ARDS	B-DISO
(	O
n	O
=	O
35	O
)	O
and	O
controls	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
4	O
)	O
were	O
included	O
in	O
a	O
prospective	O
monocentric	O
study	O
.	O

Neutrophil	B-ANAT
extracellular	B-COMP
trap	O
concentrations	O
were	O
quantified	O
(	O
as	O
DNA	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
myeloperoxidase	I-PRGE
complexes	I-PRGE
)	O
in	O
bronchoalveolar	B-ANAT
lavage	I-ANAT
fluid	I-ANAT
and	O
serum	B-COMP
by	O
enzyme	O
-	O
linked	O
immunosorbent	O
assay	O
.	O

In	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
we	O
selected	O
and	O
analyzed	O
the	O
genetic	O
evolution	B-PROC
of	O
15	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
representative	O
strains	O
that	O
were	O
identified	O
in	O
fecal	B-ANAT
samples	O
of	O
diarrheic	O
piglets	O
in	O
10	O
provinces	O
and	O
cities	O
during	O
2011	O
-	O
2017	O
.	O

Compared	O
with	O
oral	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
,	O
intramuscular	O
infection	B-DISO
could	O
also	O
cause	O
typical	O
clinical	O
signs	O
but	O
with	O
a	O
slightly	O
delayed	O
onset	O
,	O
confirming	O
that	O
the	O
variant	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
isolate	O
FJzz1	O
was	O
highly	O
pathogenic	O
to	O
suckling	O
piglets	O
.	O

This	O
study	O
shows	O
the	O
necessity	O
of	O
monitoring	O
the	O
molecular	O
epidemiology	O
and	O
the	O
etiological	O
characteristics	O
of	O
the	O
epidemic	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
isolates	O
,	O
which	O
may	O
help	O
better	O
control	O
the	O
PED	O
outbreaks	O
.	O

Occupational	O
risk	O
for	O
customs	O
officers	O
also	O
includes	O
noise	O
-	O
induced	O
hearing	B-DISO
loss	I-DISO
,	O
exposure	O
to	O
diesel	O
engine	O
emission	B-ANAT
and	O
stored	O
tobacco	B-SPEC
and	O
occupational	O
stress	O
due	O
to	O
their	O
increased	O
time	O
-	O
schedule	O
and	O
decision	O
-	O
making	O
duties	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
A	O
total	O
of	O
45	O
studies	O
(	O
including	O
data	O
from	O
15	O
,	O
990	O
pigs	B-SPEC
)	O
met	B-CHED
our	O
evaluation	O
criteria	O
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
Our	O
findings	O
suggest	O
that	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
is	O
common	O
among	O
pigs	B-SPEC
in	O
China	O
.	O

These	O
viruses	B-SPEC
are	O
well	O
-	O
recognized	O
for	O
their	O
ability	O
to	O
change	O
tissue	B-PROC
tropism	B-PROC
,	O
to	O
hurdle	O
the	O
interspecies	O
barriers	O
and	O
to	O
adapt	O
ecological	O
variations	O
.	O

Although	O
it	O
has	O
long	O
been	O
known	O
as	O
a	O
restrictive	O
cattle	B-SPEC
pathogen	O
,	O
CoVs	O
that	O
are	O
closely	O
related	O
to	O
BCoV	O
have	O
been	O
recognized	O
in	O
dogs	O
,	O
humans	B-SPEC
and	O
in	O
other	O
ruminant	B-SPEC
species	B-SPEC
.	O

Biologic	O
,	O
antigenic	O
and	O
genetic	O
analyses	O
of	O
the	O
so	O
-	O
called	O
'	B-SPEC
bovine	I-SPEC
-	O
like	O
CoVs	O
'	O
proposed	O
classification	O
of	O
these	O
viruses	B-SPEC
as	O
host	B-COMP
-	O
range	O
variants	O
rather	O
than	O
distinct	O
virus	B-SPEC
species	B-SPEC
.	O

However	O
,	O
a	O
primary	O
peritoneal	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
in	O
previously	O
healthy	O
patients	O
may	O
also	O
ensue	O
.	O

Although	O
infected	O
ascitic	B-ANAT
fluid	I-ANAT
is	O
seen	O
,	O
there	O
is	O
no	O
rupture	O
.	O

Intravenous	O
administration	O
of	O
LCA60	O
one	O
day	O
before	O
virus	B-SPEC
challenge	O
resulted	O
in	O
high	O
levels	O
of	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
-	O
neutralizing	O
activity	O
in	O
circulating	B-ANAT
blood	I-ANAT
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Red	B-ANAT
blood	I-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
distribution	O
width	O
is	O
an	O
independent	O
risk	O
factor	O
in	O
the	O
prediction	O
of	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
after	O
severe	O
burns	O
.	O

A	O
blood	B-ANAT
sample	I-ANAT
was	O
taken	O
at	O
admission	O
and	O
CBC	B-COMP
parameters	O
were	O
examined	O
.	O

Every	O
1	O
%	O
increase	O
in	O
RDW	O
was	O
associated	O
with	O
a	O
29	O
%	O
increase	O
in	O
the	O
risk	O
to	O
develop	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

Every	O
1	O
%	O
increase	O
in	O
RDW	O
was	O
associated	O
with	O
a	O
29	O
%	O
increase	O
in	O
the	O
risk	O
to	O
develop	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
technique	O
is	O
very	O
flexible	O
and	O
can	O
be	O
used	O
to	O
investigate	O
the	O
proteolytic	B-PROC
activity	O
of	O
a	O
single	O
protease	O
on	O
many	O
different	O
substrates	O
,	O
and	O
in	O
addition	O
,	O
it	O
also	O
allows	O
exploration	O
of	O
the	O
activity	O
of	O
multiple	O
proteases	O
on	O
one	O
or	O
more	O
peptide	B-CHED
substrates	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Acute	O
viral	O
respiratory	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
are	O
common	O
causes	O
of	O
febrile	B-PROC
episodes	O
in	O
children	O
.	O

The	O
first	O
aim	O
of	O
this	O
study	O
was	O
to	O
evaluate	O
the	O
viral	O
etiology	O
and	O
seasonality	O
of	O
acute	O
viral	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
in	O
pediatric	O
patients	O
with	O
cancer	B-DISO
in	O
a	O
3	O
-	O
year	O
study	O
.	O

The	O
mean	O
duration	O
of	O
symptoms	O
of	O
viral	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
was	O
6	O
.	O
8	O
±	O
4	O
.	O
2	O
(	O
range	O
:	O
2	O
to	O
31	O
)	O
days	O
.	O

The	O
10th	O
International	O
GVN	O
meeting	O
was	O
held	O
from	O
November	O
28	O
-	O
30	O
,	O
2018	O
in	O
Veyrier	O
du	O
Lac	B-CHED
,	O
France	O
and	O
was	O
co	O
-	O
hosted	O
by	O
the	O
two	O
GVN	O
Centers	O
of	O
Excellence	O
,	O
the	O
Mérieux	O
Foundation	O
and	O
the	O
University	O
of	O
Veterinary	O
Medicine	B-CHED
Hannover	O
(	O
TiHo	O
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Macrolides	B-CHED
in	O
critically	B-DISO
ill	I-DISO
patients	O
with	O
Middle	O
East	O
Respiratory	O
Syndrome	B-DISO
.	O

However	O
,	O
patients	O
who	O
received	O
macrolides	B-CHED
were	O
more	O
likely	O
to	O
be	O
admitted	O
with	O
community	O
-	O
acquired	O
MERS	O
(	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
02	O
).	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Feline	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
peritonitis	I-DISO
(	O
FIP	B-DISO
)	O
is	O
an	O
almost	O
invariably	O
fatal	O
feline	B-SPEC
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
FCoV	O
)-	O
induced	O
disease	O
thought	O
to	O
arise	O
from	O
a	O
combination	O
of	O
viral	O
mutations	O
and	O
an	O
overexuberant	O
immune	B-PROC
response	I-PROC
.	O

Natural	O
initial	O
enteric	O
FCoV	O
infection	B-DISO
may	O
remain	O
subclinical	O
,	O
or	O
result	O
in	O
mild	O
enteric	O
signs	O
or	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
FIP	B-DISO
;	O
cats	B-SPEC
may	O
also	O
carry	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
systemically	O
with	O
no	O
adverse	B-DISO
effect	I-DISO
.	O

ICC	B-DISO
was	O
positive	O
in	O
17	O
of	O
30	O
cats	B-SPEC
with	O
FIP	B-DISO
,	O
but	O
also	O
in	O
1	O
of	O
11	O
control	O
cats	B-SPEC
that	O
was	O
diagnosed	O
with	O
lymphoma	B-DISO
.	O

Focusing	O
on	O
the	O
mechanism	O
of	O
transmission	O
and	O
infection	B-DISO
for	O
emerging	O
and	O
re	O
-	O
emerging	O
zoonosis	B-DISO
,	O
this	O
research	O
will	O
provide	O
an	O
important	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
recent	O
discovery	O
of	O
novel	O
alphacoronaviruses	O
(	O
alpha	O
-	O
CoVs	O
)	O
in	O
European	O
and	O
Asian	O
rodents	O
revealed	O
that	O
rodent	B-SPEC
coronaviruses	O
(	O
CoVs	O
)	O
sampled	O
worldwide	O
formed	O
a	O
discrete	O
phylogenetic	O
group	O
within	O
this	O
genus	B-SPEC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
A	O
19	O
-	O
week	O
-	O
old	O
neutered	O
male	O
domestic	O
shorthair	O
cat	O
was	O
examined	O
because	O
of	O
multiple	O
raised	O
pruritic	O
skin	B-ANAT
lesions	O
along	O
the	O
dorsal	O
head	B-ANAT
and	O
back	B-ANAT
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Development	B-PROC
and	O
application	O
of	O
an	O
indirect	O
enzyme	O
-	O
linked	O
immunosorbent	O
assay	O
using	O
recombinant	O
S1	O
for	O
serological	O
testing	O
of	O
porcine	O
epidemic	O
diarrhea	O
virus	O
.	O

In	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
recombinant	B-PRGE
S1	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
(	O
rS1	B-PRGE
)	O
was	O
expressed	B-PROC
with	O
the	O
Bac	O
-	O
to	O
-	O
Bac	O
system	O
and	O
purified	O
by	O
nickel	B-CHED
-	O
affinity	O
chromatography	O
.	O

An	O
indirect	O
enzyme	O
-	O
linked	O
immunosorbent	O
assay	O
based	O
on	O
rS1	B-PRGE
(	O
rS1	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
ELISA	I-PRGE
)	O
was	O
then	O
developed	O
and	O
optimized	O
by	O
checkerboard	O
assays	O
with	O
serial	O
dilutions	O
of	O
antigen	B-CHED
and	O
serum	B-COMP
.	O

Serum	B-COMP
samples	O
from	O
453	O
domestic	B-SPEC
pigs	I-SPEC
and	O
42	O
vaccinated	O
pigs	B-SPEC
were	O
analyzed	O
by	O
the	O
indirect	O
fluorescent	O
antibody	B-COMP
(	O
IFA	O
)	O
test	O
and	O
rS1	O
-	O
ELISA	O
.	O

This	O
rS1	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
ELISA	I-PRGE
was	O
then	O
applied	O
to	O
antibody	B-COMP
detection	O
in	O
inactivated	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
vaccinated	O
pigs	B-SPEC
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
In	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
unilateral	O
or	O
bilateral	O
diaphragmatic	B-ANAT
paralysis	O
of	O
undetermined	O
aetiology	O
,	O
it	O
seems	O
relevant	O
to	O
perform	O
Lyme	O
serology	O
in	O
the	O
blood	B-ANAT
and	O
,	O
in	O
positive	O
cases	O
,	O
to	O
follow	O
up	O
with	O
a	O
lumbar	B-ANAT
puncture	O
in	O
order	B-SPEC
to	O
detect	O
intrathecal	B-ANAT
IgG	B-PRGE
synthesis	B-PROC
.	O

Drug	O
repositioning	O
has	O
emerged	O
as	O
a	O
cost	O
-	O
effective	O
and	O
time	O
-	O
efficient	O
alternative	O
approach	O
to	O
traditional	O
drug	O
discovery	O
and	O
development	B-PROC
.	O

This	O
new	O
shift	O
focuses	O
on	O
the	O
repurposing	O
of	O
clinically	O
approved	O
drugs	O
and	O
promising	O
preclinical	O
drug	O
candidates	O
for	O
the	O
therapeutic	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
host	B-COMP
-	O
based	O
antiviral	B-CHED
agents	I-CHED
to	O
control	O
diseases	O
caused	O
by	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
and	O
influenza	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
.	O

We	O
present	O
a	O
case	O
of	O
pneumoperitoneum	B-DISO
,	O
after	O
an	O
endoscopic	O
mucosal	B-ANAT
resection	O
with	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
ACS	B-FUNC
.	O

Decompressive	O
laparotomy	O
is	O
the	O
first	O
treatment	O
option	O
for	O
both	O
most	O
forms	O
of	O
pneumoperitoneum	B-DISO
and	O
ACS	B-FUNC
;	O
nevertheless	O
,	O
this	O
issue	O
is	O
controversial	O
.	O

We	O
found	O
no	O
signal	O
interference	O
between	O
monoplex	B-SPEC
and	O
multiplex	O
assay	O
formats	O
(	O
R	O

Disk	B-ANAT
diffusion	O
technique	O
and	O
PCR	O
were	O
used	O
as	O
methodologies	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
E	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
coli	I-SPEC
isolates	O
from	O
calves	O
with	O
diarrhea	B-DISO
were	O
phylogenetically	O
classified	O
as	O
B1	O
(	O
70	O
%,	O
21	O
/	O
30	O
),	O
B2	O
(	O
3	O
.	O
33	O
%,	O
1	O
/	O
30	O
),	O
C	O
(	O
3	O
.	O
33	O
%,	O
1	O
/	O
30	O
),	O
D	O
(	O
3	O
.	O
33	O
%,	O
1	O
/	O
30	O
),	O
E	O
(	O
13	O
.	O
33	O
%,	O
4	O
/	O
30	O
)	O
and	O
unknown	O
(	O
6	O
.	O
7	O
%;	O
2	O
/	O
30	O
),	O
whereas	O
E	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
coli	I-SPEC
isolates	O
from	O
the	O
control	O
group	O
were	O
classified	O
only	O
as	O
B1	O
(	O
83	O
.	O
3	O
%,	O
25	O
/	O
30	O
),	O
E	O
(	O
10	O
%;	O
3	O
/	O
30	O
)	O
and	O
unknown	O
(	O
6	O
,	O
7	O
%;	O
2	O
/	O
30	O
).	O

We	O
update	O
and	O
summarize	O
the	O
role	O
of	O
spontaneous	O
breathing	B-PROC
during	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
in	O
ARDS	B-DISO
,	O
which	O
can	O
be	O
beneficial	O
or	O
deleterious	O
,	O
depending	O
on	O
the	O
strength	O
of	O
spontaneous	O
activity	O
and	O
severity	O
of	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
.	O

Adenovirus	B-DISO
-	O
positive	O
participants	O
with	O
FRI	O
episodes	O
tended	O
to	O
be	O
protected	O
against	O
subsequent	O
infection	B-DISO
with	O
adenovirus	B-DISO
,	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
,	O
enterovirus	B-SPEC
/	O
rhinovirus	B-SPEC
,	O
and	O
influenza	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
P	O
=	O
.	O
062	O
-.	O
093	O
),	O
while	O
men	O
with	O
influenza	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
-	O
positive	O
FRI	O
episodes	O
tended	O
be	O
protected	O
against	O
subsequent	O
infection	B-DISO
with	O
adenovirus	B-DISO
(	O
P	O
=	O
.	O
044	O
)	O
and	O
influenza	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
P	O
=	O
.	O
081	O
).	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
Prior	O
adenovirus	B-DISO
or	O
influenza	B-SPEC
virus	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
conferred	O
cross	O
-	O
protection	O
against	O
subsequent	O
FRI	O
episodes	O
relative	O
to	O
prior	O
infection	B-DISO
due	O
to	O
other	O
circulating	O
viruses	B-SPEC
.	O

The	O
new	O
S3	O
guideline	O
is	O
the	O
first	O
to	O
contain	O
recommendations	O
for	O
the	O
entire	O
process	O
of	O
treatment	O
in	O
these	O
groups	O
of	O
patients	O
(	O
indications	O
,	O
ventilation	O
modes	O
/	O
parameters	O
,	O
ac	O
-	O
companying	O
measures	O
,	O
treatments	O
for	O
refractory	O
impairment	B-DISO
of	O
gas	B-ENZY
exchange	O
,	O
weaning	B-PROC
,	O
and	O
follow	O
-	O
up	O
care	O
).	O

If	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
is	O
needed	O
,	O
ventilation	O
modes	O
allowing	O
spontaneous	O
breathing	B-PROC
seem	O
beneficial	O
(	O
quality	O
of	O
evidence	O
[	O
QoE	O
]:	O
very	O
low	O
).	O

An	O
arterial	B-ANAT
blood	I-ANAT
gas	O
(	O
ABG	O
)	O
specifically	O
tests	O
blood	B-ANAT
taken	O
from	O
an	O
artery	B-ANAT
.	O

When	O
assessing	O
the	O
acid	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
base	I-PROC
balance	I-PROC
,	O
most	O
ABG	O
analyzers	O
measure	O
the	O
pH	O
and	O
PaCo2	O
directly	O
and	O
through	O
a	O
derivative	O
of	O
the	O
Hasselbach	O
equation	O
calculate	O
the	O
serum	B-COMP
bicarbonate	B-CHED
(	O
HCO3	O
)	O
and	O
base	O
deficit	B-DISO
or	O
excess	O
.	O

The	O
measured	O
HCO3	O
uses	O
a	O
strong	O
alkali	O
that	O
liberates	O
all	O
CO2	B-CHED
in	O
serum	B-COMP
,	O
including	O
dissolved	O
CO2	B-CHED
,	O
carbamino	O
compounds	O
,	O
and	O
carbonic	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
.	O

In	O
most	O
cases	O
,	O
when	O
the	O
patients	O
'	O
vital	O
signs	O
have	O
been	O
stabilized	O
,	O
the	O
repair	B-PROC
can	O
be	O
performed	O
.	O

Though	O
the	O
patient	O
was	O
treated	O
with	O
intubation	O
and	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
(	O
MV	O
),	O
his	O
oxygenation	B-PROC
was	O
still	O
not	O
stable	O
.	O

Thus	O
,	O
veno	O
-	O
venous	B-ANAT
extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenation	B-PROC
(	O
V	O
-	O
V	O
ECMO	O
)	O
was	O
initiated	O
;	O
upon	O
improvement	O
of	O
oxygenation	B-PROC
,	O
the	O
patient	O
received	O
an	O
exploratory	O
thoracotomy	O
.	O

Infection	B-DISO
of	O
piglets	O
with	O
the	O
parental	O
Colorado	O
strain	O
,	O
icPEDV	O
-	O
wt	O
,	O
or	O
icPEDV	O
-	O
EnUmt	O
revealed	O
that	O
all	O
viruses	B-SPEC
replicated	O
in	O
the	O
gut	B-ANAT
and	O
induced	O
diarrhea	B-DISO
;	O
however	O
,	O
there	O
was	O
reduced	O
viral	B-DISO
shedding	I-DISO
and	O
mortality	O
in	O
the	O
icPEDV	O
-	O
EnUmt	O
-	O
infected	O
animals	B-SPEC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
More	O
than	O
two	O
million	O
Muslims	O
visit	O
Makkah	O
,	O
Saudi	O
Arabia	O
,	O
annually	O
to	O
perform	O
the	O
religious	O
rituals	O
of	O
Hajj	O
where	O
the	O
risk	O
of	O
spreading	O
respiratory	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
is	O
very	O
common	O
.	O

The	O
most	O
common	O
respiratory	O
virus	B-SPEC
was	O
influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
,	O
followed	O
by	O
non	O
-	O
MERS	O
human	B-SPEC
coronaviruses	O
,	O
rhinoviruses	B-SPEC
,	O
and	O
influenza	B-DISO
B	O
.	O
Together	O
,	O
we	O
found	O
that	O
it	O
was	O
not	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
but	O
other	O
respiratory	O
viruses	B-SPEC
that	O
caused	O
acute	O
respiratory	B-DISO
symptoms	I-DISO
among	O
pilgrims	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Construction	O
and	O
characterization	O
of	O
porcine	B-SPEC
single	O
-	O
chain	O
fragment	O
variable	O
antibodies	B-COMP
that	O
neutralize	O
transmissible	O
gastroenteritis	O
virus	B-SPEC
in	O
vitro	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Transmissible	O
gastroenteritis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
)	O
infection	B-DISO
causes	O
severe	B-DISO
diarrhea	I-DISO
in	O
piglets	O
and	O
imposes	O
a	O
significant	O
economic	O
burden	O
on	O
pig	B-SPEC
farms	O
.	O

All	O
three	O
scFv	O
clones	O
identified	O
had	O
neutralizing	O
activity	O
against	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
.	O

The	O
computed	O
tomography	O
scan	O
showed	O
no	O
obvious	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
fibrosis	I-DISO
2	O
months	O
after	O
poisoning	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Thrombocytopenia	O
is	O
associated	O
with	O
worse	O
outcomes	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
,	O
which	O
is	O
most	O
commonly	O
caused	O
by	O
infection	B-DISO
and	O
marked	O
by	O
alveolar	B-ANAT
-	O
capillary	B-ANAT
barrier	O
disruption	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
the	O
mechanisms	O
by	O
which	O
platelets	B-ANAT
protect	O
the	O
lung	B-ANAT
alveolar	B-ANAT
-	O
capillary	B-ANAT
barrier	O
during	O
infectious	B-DISO
injury	O
remain	O
unclear	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Geographical	O
structure	O
of	O
bat	B-ENZY
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
related	O
coronaviruses	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
(	O
IB	O
)	O
generated	O
by	O
the	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
IBV	B-SPEC
)	O
causes	O
economic	O
difficulties	O
for	O
livestock	O
farmers	O
.	O

The	O
3D8	O
single	O
chain	O
variable	O
fragment	O
(	O
scFv	O
)	O
protein	B-CHED
is	O
a	O
recombinant	O
antibody	B-COMP
with	O
nuclease	B-FUNC
activity	I-FUNC
that	O
shows	O
antiviral	B-CHED
effects	O
against	O
various	O
DNA	O
and	O
RNA	O
viruses	B-SPEC
in	O
mice	B-SPEC
and	O
chickens	B-SPEC
.	O

Granulomas	B-DISO
manifest	O
primarily	O
in	O
lungs	B-ANAT
and	O
lung	B-ANAT
-	O
draining	O
lymph	B-ANAT
nodes	I-ANAT
(	O
LLNs	O
)	O
but	O
these	O
compartments	B-ANAT
are	O
less	O
studied	O
compared	O
to	O
blood	B-ANAT
and	O
bronchoalveolar	O
lavage	O
(	O
BAL	B-ENZY
).	O

Sarcoidosis	B-DISO
can	O
present	O
with	O
an	O
acute	O
onset	O
(	O
usually	O
Löfgren	O
'	O
s	O
syndrome	B-DISO
(	O
LS	B-DISO
))	O
or	O
a	O
gradual	O
onset	O
(	O
non	O
-	O
LS	B-DISO
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Life	O
-	O
threatening	O
complications	O
among	O
women	O
with	O
severe	O
ovarian	B-DISO
hyperstimulation	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Acute	O
Manifestations	O
of	O
Neuromuscular	B-DISO
Disease	I-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
emergence	O
of	O
Middle	O
East	O
Respiratory	O
Syndrome	O
Coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
),	O
nearly	O
a	O
decade	O
ago	O
with	O
worldwide	O
distribution	O
,	O
was	O
believed	O
to	O
be	O
of	O
zoonotic	O
origin	O
from	O
bats	B-SPEC
with	O
dromedary	B-SPEC
camels	B-SPEC
as	O
intermediate	O
hosts	B-COMP
.	O

The	O
presence	O
of	O
coronaviruses	O
,	O
closely	O
related	O
to	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
in	O
Ghanaian	O
bats	B-SPEC
,	O
presented	O
the	O
opportunity	O
to	O
test	O
the	O
hypothesis	O
of	O
transmissibility	O
of	O
this	O
virus	B-SPEC
through	O
domestic	O
livestock	O
species	B-SPEC
.	O

The	O
possible	O
interactions	O
between	O
livestock	O
and	O
bats	B-SPEC
in	O
31	O
household	O
farms	O
were	O
accessed	O
by	O
observation	O
and	O
interviews	O
with	O
farmers	O
.	O

Blood	B-ANAT
lactate	B-CHED
levels	O
and	O
HRCT	O
score	O
might	O
be	O
predictive	O
of	O
the	O
outcome	O
of	O
patients	O
with	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
currently	O
used	O
live	O
-	O
attenuated	O
vaccines	O
have	O
the	O
tendency	O
to	O
mutate	B-PROC
and	O
/	O
or	O
recombine	O
with	O
circulating	O
field	O
strains	O
resulting	O
in	O
the	O
emergence	O
of	O
vaccine	O
-	O
derived	O
variant	O
viruses	B-SPEC
.	O

A	O
wild	O
type	O
and	O
two	O
modified	O
versions	O
of	O
the	O
IBV	B-PRGE
S	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
were	O
expressed	B-PROC
individually	O
by	O
rNDV	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
First	O
Complete	O
Genome	O
Sequence	O
of	O
Human	B-PRGE
Coronavirus	I-PRGE
HKU1	I-PRGE
from	O
a	O
Nonill	O
Bat	B-ENZY
Guano	O
Miner	O
in	O
Thailand	O
.	O

It	O
is	O
usually	O
caused	O
by	O
A	O
young	O
Romanian	O
male	O
presented	O
with	O
fever	B-PROC
and	O
rigors	B-DISO
,	O
mild	O
tachypnea	B-DISO
,	O
hypoxia	B-DISO
,	O
sore	B-DISO
throat	I-DISO
,	O
decayed	B-DISO
teeth	I-DISO
,	O
and	O
tenderness	B-DISO
of	O
the	O
left	B-ANAT
carotid	I-ANAT
triangle	I-ANAT
.	O

Laboratory	O
examination	O
indicated	O
severe	B-DISO
sepsis	I-DISO
with	O
disseminated	B-DISO
intravascular	I-DISO
coagulation	I-DISO
,	O
acute	B-DISO
renal	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
,	O
and	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
while	O
the	O
Doppler	O
ultrasonography	O
of	O
the	O
carotids	B-ANAT
revealed	O
left	O
internal	O
jugular	O
venous	B-DISO
thrombosis	I-DISO
.	O

Because	O
of	O
the	O
syndrome	B-DISO
'	O
s	O
rarity	O
and	O
the	O
atypical	O
microorganisms	O
isolated	O
in	O
this	O
case	O
,	O
increased	O
awareness	O
is	O
advised	O
for	O
its	O
diagnosis	O
and	O
the	O
underlying	O
mechanisms	O
involved	O
in	O
its	O
genesis	O
.	O

In	O
contrast	O
,	O
the	O
C	O
-	O
terminal	O
domain	O
of	O
the	O
S	O
protein	O
which	O
is	O
responsible	O
for	O
membrane	B-PROC
fusion	I-PROC
had	O
an	O
amino	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
homology	O
of	O
96	O
.	O
9	O
%.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
PES	B-ANAT
Pathogens	O
in	O
Severe	O
Community	O
-	O
Acquired	O
Pneumonia	B-DISO
.	O

Since	O
most	O
IBV	B-SPEC
vaccines	O
are	O
type	O
-	O
specific	O
,	O
there	O
is	O
a	O
need	O
for	O
constant	O
surveillance	O
of	O
the	O
circulating	O
lineages	O
and	O
knowledge	O
about	O
their	O
genetic	O
and	O
antigenic	O
properties	O
.	O

The	O
genetic	O
analysis	O
was	O
performed	O
using	O
the	O
S1	O
complete	O
coding	O
sequences	O
of	O
all	O
available	O
South	O
American	O
strains	O
,	O
including	O
newly	O
obtained	O
Argentine	B-SPEC
and	O
Uruguayan	O
field	O
samples	O
.	O

The	O
GI	O
-	O
16	O
lineage	O
emerged	O
around	O
1979	O
,	O
and	O
is	O
currently	O
circulating	O
in	O
most	O
South	O
American	O
territories	O
(	O
Argentina	B-SPEC
,	O
Chile	O
,	O
Uruguay	O
,	O
Colombia	O
and	O
Peru	O
).	O

The	O
results	O
of	O
this	O
study	O
extend	O
our	O
knowledge	O
about	O
the	O
present	O
and	O
past	O
IBV	B-SPEC
variability	O
in	O
South	O
America	O
and	O
provide	O
relevant	O
elements	O
to	O
improve	O
the	O
control	O
programmes	O
by	O
considering	O
the	O
genetic	O
and	O
antigenic	O
attributes	O
of	O
IBV	B-SPEC
.	O

Real	O
-	O
time	O
PCR	O
confirmed	O
viral	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
in	O
77	O
swabs	O
(	O
86	O
.	O
5	O
%).	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
We	O
obtained	O
89	O
nasopharyngeal	B-ANAT
swabs	O
from	O
patients	O
with	O
pediatric	B-DISO
cancer	I-DISO
(	O
mean	O
age	O
,	O
5	O
.	O
8	O
±	O
4	O
.	O
2	O
years	O
).	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Vaccination	O
programs	O
are	O
implemented	O
in	O
poultry	O
farms	O
to	O
limit	O
outbreaks	O
and	O
spread	O
of	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
IBV	B-SPEC
),	O
which	O
is	O
a	O
substantial	O
economic	O
burden	O
in	O
the	O
poultry	O
industry	O
.	O

Fourteen	O
patients	O
were	O
admitted	O
to	O
the	O
intensive	O
care	O
unit	O
and	O
six	O
patients	O
died	B-PROC
(	O
five	O
premature	O
deaths	B-PROC
).	O

Therefore	O
,	O
physiological	O
variables	O
need	O
to	O
be	O
identified	O
by	O
stratifying	O
ARDS	B-DISO
subphenotypes	O
and	O
endotype	O
,	O
to	O
target	O
ARDS	B-DISO
heterogeneity	O
.	O

The	O
interlinked	O
biological	O
pathway	B-PROC
of	O
these	O
disease	O
specific	O
endotype	O
further	O
elucidated	O
their	O
role	O
as	O
candidate	O
biomarker	B-CHED
in	O
governing	O
ARDS	B-DISO
heterogeneous	O
biology	O
.	O

Here	O
,	O
we	O
show	O
that	O
enhanced	O
inflammatory	O
cytokine	B-PROC
production	I-PROC
in	O
response	B-PROC
to	I-PROC
lipopolysaccharide	I-PROC
(	O
LPS	B-DISO
)	O
is	O
due	O
to	O
increased	O
TGF	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
β	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
activated	I-PRGE
kinase	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
(	O
TAK1	B-PRGE
)	O
phosphorylation	B-PROC
with	O
subsequent	O
activation	O
of	O
nuclear	B-PRGE
factor	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
κB	I-PRGE
(	O
NF	O
-	O
κB	O
).	O

Some	O
viruses	B-SPEC
circulated	O
predominantly	O
during	O
winter	O
,	O
whereas	O
others	O
were	O
found	O
year	O
round	O
.	O

The	O
observations	O
identify	O
children	O
as	O
the	O
principal	O
source	O
of	O
respiratory	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
.	O

Children	O
registered	O
the	O
highest	O
positivity	O
rates	O
,	O
and	O
adults	O
with	O
daily	O
contacts	O
with	O
children	O
experienced	O
significantly	O
more	O
infections	B-DISO
than	O
their	O
counterparts	O
without	O
children	O
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
Respiratory	O
viral	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
are	O
widespread	O
among	O
the	O
general	O
population	O
with	O
the	O
majority	O
of	O
individuals	O
presenting	O
multiple	O
infections	B-DISO
per	O
year	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Porcine	O
Epidemic	O
Diarrhea	O
Virus	O
(	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
)	O
emerged	O
in	O
North	O
America	O
in	O
2013	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Absence	O
of	O
neutralizing	O
activity	O
in	O
serum	B-COMP
1	O
year	O
after	O
successful	O
treatment	O
with	O
antivirals	B-CHED
and	O
recovery	O
from	O
MERS	O
in	O
South	O
Korea	O
.	O

The	O
neutralizing	O
activity	O
in	O
serum	B-COMP
was	O
measured	O
by	O
pseudovirus	O
inhibition	B-PROC
assays	O
.	O

Two	O
hundred	O
mechanically	O
ventilated	O
patients	O
aged	O
16	O
years	O
and	O
older	O
with	O
moderate	O
to	O
severe	O
ARDS	B-DISO
(	O
Pao2	O
:	O
Fio2	O
≤	O
200	O
mm	O
Hg	O
)	O
were	O
enrolled	O
between	O
October	O
31	O
,	O
2012	O
,	O
and	O
September	O
14	O
,	O
2017	O
;	O
long	O
-	O
term	O
follow	O
-	O
up	O
was	O
completed	O
July	O
30	O
,	O
2018	O
.	O

Participants	O
were	O
randomized	O
to	O
PES	O
-	O
guided	O
PEEP	B-CHED
(	O
n	O
=	O
102	O
)	O
or	O
empirical	O
high	O
PEEP	B-CHED
-	O
Fio2	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
98	O
).	O

The	O
primary	O
outcome	O
was	O
a	O
ranked	O
composite	O
score	O
incorporating	O
death	B-PROC
and	O
days	O
free	O
from	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
among	O
survivors	O
through	O
day	O
28	O
.	O

This	O
study	O
determines	O
the	O
cost	O
-	O
effectiveness	O
of	O
interventions	O
to	O
increase	O
utilization	O
of	O
proning	O
for	O
severe	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

From	O
a	O
hospital	O
perspective	O
,	O
the	O
intervention	O
yielded	O
0	O
.	O
072	O
(	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
,	O
0	O
.	O
008	O
-	O
0	O
.	O
147	O
)	O
more	O
survivals	O
-	O
to	O
-	O
discharge	B-ANAT
at	O
a	O
cost	O
of	O
$	O
5	O
,	O
242	O
(	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
,	O
-$	O
19	O
,	O
035	O
to	O
$	O
41	O
,	O
019	O
)	O
(	O
incremental	O
cost	O
-	O
effectiveness	O
ratio	O
=	O
$	O
44	O
,	O
615	O
per	O
extra	O
survival	O
[	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
,	O
-$	O
250	O
,	O
912	O
to	O
$	O
558	O
,	O
222	O
]).	O

If	O
hospitals	O
were	O
willing	O
to	O
pay	O
$	O
100	O
,	O
000	O
per	O
survival	O
-	O
to	O
-	O
discharge	B-ANAT
,	O
any	O
intervention	O
costing	O
less	O
than	O
$	O
5	O
,	O
140	O
per	O
patient	O
would	O
represent	O
good	O
value	O
.	O

A	O
total	O
of	O
222	O
metabolites	B-CHED
were	O
identified	O
in	O
our	O
study	O
,	O
of	O
which	O
128	O
were	O
significantly	O
altered	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
ARDS	B-DISO
compared	O
with	O
healthy	O
controls	O
.	O

Plasma	B-ANAT
metabolomics	O
may	O
improve	O
our	O
understanding	O
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
biology	O
.	O

We	O
discovered	O
92	O
pathways	B-PROC
that	O
were	O
significantly	O
different	O
between	O
ARDS	B-DISO
and	O
control	O
groups	O
,	O
including	O
57	O
pathways	B-PROC
linked	O
to	O
metabolism	B-PROC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
p53	B-PRGE
is	O
a	O
tumor	B-PROC
suppressor	I-PROC
gene	O
that	O
can	O
be	O
activated	O
in	O
many	O
contexts	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
DNA	B-DISO
damage	I-DISO
or	O
stressful	O
conditions	O
.	O

Porcine	B-SPEC
epidemic	I-SPEC
diarrhea	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
)	O
is	O
a	O
major	O
enteric	O
pathogen	O
of	O
the	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
family	B-SPEC
that	O
causes	O
extensive	O
mortality	O
among	O
piglets	O
.	O

These	O
findings	O
demonstrate	O
that	O
p53	B-PRGE
suppresses	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
,	O
offering	O
a	O
novel	O
therapeutic	O
strategy	O
for	O
combatting	O
this	O
deadly	O
disease	O
in	O
piglets	O
.	O

For	O
plant	B-SPEC
pathogenic	O
fungi	B-SPEC
,	O
6	O
-	O
26	O
showed	O
excellent	O
activity	O
at	O
50	O
mg	O
/	O
L	O
dosage	O
.	O

Cloacal	B-ANAT
/	O
throat	B-ANAT
double	O
swabs	O
were	O
collected	O
from	O
60	O
birds	B-SPEC
at	O
each	O
farm	O
according	O
to	O
a	O
random	O
sampling	O
method	O
.	O

Five	O
H9N2	O
and	O
one	O
H3N8	O
avian	O
influenza	B-SPEC
viruses	I-SPEC
were	O
detected	O
at	O
the	O
farms	O
and	O
were	O
identified	O
as	O
low	O
pathogenic	O
avian	B-DISO
influenza	B-SPEC
viruses	I-SPEC
according	O
to	O
HA	O
cleavage	B-PROC
sites	O
analysis	O
.	O

In	O
addition	O
to	O
overall	O
morbidity	O
,	O
non	O
-	O
Hispanic	O
black	O
women	O
were	O
at	O
significantly	O
greater	O
risk	O
for	O
eclampsia	B-DISO
,	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
,	O
and	O
renal	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
than	O
other	O
racial	O
groups	O
(	O
P	O
<.	O
05	O
all	O
).	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Of	O
11	O
.	O
3	O
million	O
births	B-PROC
,	O
207	O
,	O
730	O
(	O
1	O
.	O
8	O
%)	O
women	O
admitted	O
postpartum	O
from	O
2012	O
to	O
2014	O
were	O
analyzed	O
,	O
including	O
96	O
,	O
670	O
white	O
,	O
47	O
,	O
015	O
black	O
,	O
and	O
33	O
,	O
410	O
Hispanic	O
women	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Evaluation	O
of	O
equine	B-SPEC
coronavirus	B-SPEC
fecal	B-ANAT
shedding	O
among	O
hospitalized	O
horses	B-SPEC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Currently	O
,	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
equine	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
ECoV	B-SPEC
)	O
relies	O
on	O
the	O
exclusion	O
of	O
other	O
infectious	B-DISO
causes	O
of	O
enteric	O
disease	O
along	O
with	O
molecular	O
detection	O
of	O
ECoV	B-SPEC
in	O
feces	B-ANAT
or	O
tissue	B-ANAT
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
In	O
2015	O
,	O
a	O
One	O
Health	O
Working	O
Group	O
was	O
established	O
in	O
Qatar	O
to	O
conduct	B-PROC
a	O
survey	O
in	O
the	O
Gulf	O
Cooperation	O
Council	O
countries	O
,	O
Egypt	O
,	O
and	O
Jordan	O
to	O
monitor	O
preparedness	O
of	O
public	O
health	O
and	O
veterinary	O
health	O
authorities	O
in	O
response	O
to	O
the	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
epidemic	O
.	O

All	O
but	O
1	O
country	O
indicated	O
they	O
established	O
joint	B-ANAT
One	O
Health	O
policy	O
teams	O
for	O
investigation	O
and	O
response	O
.	O

National	O
and	O
regional	O
leaders	O
,	O
policy	O
makers	O
,	O
and	O
stakeholders	O
should	O
be	O
prompted	O
to	O
advocate	O
and	O
enhance	O
adoption	O
of	O
the	O
One	O
Health	O
framework	O
to	O
mitigate	O
the	O
risk	O
for	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
and	O
other	O
emerging	O
zoonotic	O
diseases	O
.	O

Patients	O
with	O
hypothermia	O
were	O
significantly	O
older	O
than	O
those	O
with	O
a	O
body	B-ANAT
temperature	O
of	O
36	O
-	O
38	O
°	O
C	O
or	O
greater	O
than	O
38	O
°	O
C	O
and	O
had	O
a	O
lower	B-ANAT
body	I-ANAT
mass	O
index	O
and	O
higher	O
prevalence	O
of	O
septic	B-DISO
shock	I-DISO
than	O
those	O
with	O
body	B-ANAT
temperature	O
greater	O
than	O
38	O
°	O
C	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Enhanced	O
Ability	O
of	O
Oligomeric	O
Nanobodies	O
Targeting	B-PROC
MERS	O
Coronavirus	B-SPEC
Receptor	O
-	O
Binding	B-FUNC
Domain	O
.	O

Therapeutic	O
antibodies	B-COMP
are	O
key	O
tools	O
for	O
preventing	O
and	O
treating	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
infection	B-DISO
,	O
but	O
to	O
date	O
no	O
such	O
agents	O
have	O
been	O
approved	O
for	O
treatment	O
of	O
this	O
virus	B-SPEC
.	O

Overall	O
,	O
the	O
engineered	O
Nbs	B-DISO
could	O
be	O
developed	O
into	O
effective	O
therapeutic	O
agents	O
for	O
prevention	O
and	O
treatment	O
of	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Global	O
Epidemiology	O
of	O
Bat	B-ENZY
Coronaviruses	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Bats	B-SPEC
are	O
a	O
unique	O
group	O
of	O
mammals	B-SPEC
of	O
the	O
order	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Patterns	O
of	O
invasive	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
blunt	O
chest	B-ANAT
trauma	O
and	O
lung	B-ANAT
contusion	O
:	O
A	O
French	O
multicentric	O
evaluation	O
of	O
practices	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Porcine	B-SPEC
epidemic	I-SPEC
diarrhea	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
)	O
causes	O
severe	O
economic	O
loss	O
in	O
the	O
pig	B-SPEC
industry	O
each	O
year	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Nucleoside	B-CHED
analogues	I-CHED
are	O
well	O
known	O
antitumor	O
,	O
antiviral	B-CHED
,	O
and	O
chemotherapeutic	O
agents	O
.	O

C5	O
-	O
arylalkynyl	O
-	O
β	O
-	O
D	O
-	O
ribofuranonucleosides	O
3	O
-	O
6	O
,	O
3	O
΄-	O
deoxy	O
12	O
-	O
15	O
,	O
3	O
΄-	O
deoxy	O
-	O
3	O
΄-	O
C	O
-	O
methyl	B-CHED
-	O
β	O
-	O
D	O
-	O
ribofurananucleosides	O
18	O
-	O
21	O
and	O
2	O
΄-	O
deoxy	O
-	O
β	O
-	O
D	O
-	O
ribofuranonucleosides	O
23	O
-	O
26	O
of	O
uracil	B-CHED
,	O
were	O
synthesized	O
using	O
a	O
one	O
-	O
step	O
Sonogashira	O
reaction	O
under	O
microwave	O
irradiation	O
and	O
subsequent	O
deprotection	O
.	O

This	O
report	O
describes	O
the	O
total	O
and	O
facile	O
synthesis	B-PROC
of	O
modified	O
furanononucleosides	O
of	O
uracil	B-CHED
,	O
with	O
alterations	O
on	O
both	O
the	O
sugar	O
and	O
the	O
heterocyclic	O
portions	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
All	O
newly	O
synthesized	O
nucleosides	B-CHED
were	O
tested	O
for	O
their	O
antitumor	O
or	O
antiviral	B-CHED
activity	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
In	O
clinical	O
cytology	O
,	O
the	O
applicability	O
of	O
an	O
ancillary	O
test	O
such	O
as	O
immunocytochemistry	O
is	O
too	O
often	O
limited	O
by	O
low	O
sample	O
volume	O
,	O
poor	O
cell	B-COMP
representation	O
,	O
and	O
sample	O
preservation	O
.	O

Cellular	B-COMP
antigens	B-CHED
were	O
reliably	O
detected	O
with	O
immunocytochemistry	O
after	O
smears	O
were	O
stained	O
with	O
a	O
Romansky	O
stain	O
and	O
were	O
coverslipped	O
early	O
after	O
staining	O
and	O
stayed	O
coverslipped	O
until	O
immediately	O
before	O
immunolabeling	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Cellular	B-COMP
antigens	B-CHED
were	O
reliably	O
detected	O
with	O
immunocytochemistry	O
after	O
smears	O
were	O
stained	O
with	O
a	O
Romansky	O
stain	O
and	O
were	O
coverslipped	O
early	O
after	O
staining	O
and	O
stayed	O
coverslipped	O
until	O
immediately	O
before	O
immunolabeling	O
.	O

Myong	O
Ji	O
Hospital	O
learned	B-PROC
two	O
important	O
lessons	O
in	O
responding	O
to	O
emerging	O
infectious	O
diseases	O
;	O
the	O
first	O
was	O
to	O
prepare	O
a	O
form	O
of	O
workforce	O
,	O
facility	O
,	O
manual	O
and	O
drills	B-SPEC
;	O
the	O
second	O
was	O
to	O
prepare	O
proper	O
communication	O
methods	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Evaluation	O
of	O
the	O
thermal	O
and	O
physical	O
conditions	O
for	O
inactivation	B-DISO
of	O
adenovirus	B-DISO
(	O
AdV	O
),	O
porcine	B-SPEC
sapelovirus	I-SPEC
1	O
(	O
PSV1	O
)	O
and	O
the	O
economically	O
important	O
viruses	B-SPEC
porcine	B-SPEC
epidemic	I-SPEC
diarrhoea	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
)	O
and	O
porcine	B-SPEC
circovirus	I-SPEC
2	I-SPEC
(	O
PCV2	O
)	O
in	O
the	O
production	O
of	O
spray	O
-	O
dried	B-ANAT
porcine	B-SPEC
plasma	B-ANAT
(	O
SDPP	O
).	O

Reverse	B-PROC
transcription	I-PROC
(	O
RT	O
)-	O
quantitative	O
PCR	O
detected	O
no	O
notable	O
reduction	O
in	O
viral	O
genomes	O
in	O
treated	O
plasma	O
and	O
SDPP	O
samples	O
.	O

No	O
infectious	B-DISO
PSV1	O
was	O
re	O
-	O
isolated	O
from	O
plasma	B-ANAT
and	O
SDPP	O
samples	O
in	O
cell	B-COMP
culture	O
.	O

Spray	O
drying	O
in	O
combination	O
with	O
storage	B-PROC
for	O
≥	O
2	O
weeks	O
at	O
20	O
°	O
C	O
eliminated	O
infectivity	O
of	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
effectively	O
.	O

As	O
the	O
only	O
flying	O
mammal	B-SPEC
,	O
bats	B-SPEC
endure	O
high	O
metabolic	B-PROC
rates	I-PROC
yet	O
exhibit	O
elongated	O
lifespans	O
.	O

The	O
important	O
inflammasome	O
sensor	O
,	O
NLR	B-PRGE
family	I-PRGE
pyrin	I-PRGE
domain	I-PRGE
containing	I-PRGE
3	I-PRGE
(	O
NLRP3	B-PRGE
),	O
has	O
been	O
linked	O
to	O
both	O
viral	O
-	O
induced	O
and	O
age	O
-	O
related	O
inflammation	B-DISO
.	O

Here	O
,	O
we	O
report	O
significantly	O
dampened	O
activation	O
of	O
the	O
NLRP3	B-PRGE
inflammasome	I-PRGE
in	O
bat	B-ENZY
primary	O
immune	O
cells	B-COMP
compared	O
to	O
human	B-SPEC
or	O
mouse	B-SPEC
counterparts	O
.	O

We	O
identified	O
dampened	O
transcriptional	B-PROC
priming	O
,	O
a	O
novel	O
splice	O
variant	O
and	O
an	O
altered	O
leucine	B-CHED
-	O
rich	O
repeat	O
domain	O
of	O
bat	B-PRGE
NLRP3	I-PRGE
as	O
the	O
cause	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
use	O
of	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
is	O
an	O
invaluable	O
tool	O
in	O
caring	O
for	O
critically	B-DISO
ill	I-DISO
patients	O
.	O

Expert	O
opinion	O
:	O
As	O
we	O
have	O
advanced	O
in	O
our	O
care	O
,	O
we	O
are	O
seeing	B-PROC
children	O
survive	O
illnesses	O
that	O
would	O
have	O
once	O
claimed	O
their	O
lives	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
emergence	O
and	O
reemergence	O
of	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
epidemics	O
sparked	O
renewed	O
concerns	O
from	O
global	O
epidemiology	O
researchers	O
and	O
public	O
health	O
administrators	O
.	O

Mathematical	O
models	O
that	O
represented	O
how	O
contact	O
tracing	O
and	O
follow	O
-	O
up	O
may	O
control	O
Severe	B-DISO
Acute	I-DISO
Respiratory	I-DISO
Syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
and	O
Middle	O
East	O
Respiratory	O
Syndrome	B-DISO
(	O
MERS	O
)	O
transmissions	O
were	O
developed	O
for	O
evaluating	O
different	O
infection	B-DISO
control	O
interventions	O
,	O
estimating	O
likely	O
number	O
of	O
infections	B-DISO
as	O
well	O
as	O
facilitating	O
understanding	O
of	O
their	O
likely	O
epidemiology	O
.	O

Persons	O
in	O
the	O
health	O
field	O
including	O
physicians	O
and	O
veterinarians	O
,	O
pet	O
owners	O
,	O
pet	O
store	O
owners	O
,	O
exporters	O
,	O
border	B-ANAT
guards	O
,	O
and	O
people	O
involved	O
in	O
businesses	O
related	O
to	O
animal	B-SPEC
products	O
have	O
adopted	O
various	O
preventive	O
strategies	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
An	O
updated	O
roadmap	O
for	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
research	O
and	O
product	O
development	B-PROC
:	O
focus	O
on	O
diagnostics	O
.	O

In	O
this	O
review	O
we	O
identified	O
sources	O
for	O
molecular	O
and	O
serological	O
diagnostic	O
tests	O
used	O
in	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
detection	O
,	O
case	O
management	O
and	O
outbreak	O
investigations	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
surveillance	O
for	O
humans	B-SPEC
and	O
animals	B-SPEC
(	O
camels	B-SPEC
),	O
and	O
summarised	O
the	O
performance	O
of	O
currently	O
available	O
tests	O
,	O
diagnostic	O
needs	O
,	O
and	O
associated	O
challenges	O
for	O
diagnostic	O
test	O
development	B-PROC
and	O
implementation	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Despite	O
recent	O
advances	O
,	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
distress	O
syndrome	O
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
remains	O
a	O
severe	O
and	O
often	O
fatal	O
disease	O
for	O
which	O
there	O
is	O
no	O
therapy	O
able	O
to	O
reduce	O
the	O
underlying	O
excessive	O
lung	B-DISO
inflammation	I-DISO
or	O
enhance	O
resolution	O
of	O
injury	O
.	O

We	O
hypothesized	O
that	O
inhibiting	O
glutamine	B-PROC
metabolism	I-PROC
reduces	O
lung	B-DISO
inflammation	I-DISO
and	O
promotes	O
resolution	O
of	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
.	O

The	O
spike	O
glycoprotein	B-CHED
from	O
strain	O
RSA59	O
(	O
PP	O
)	O
of	O
mouse	B-DISO
hepatitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
MHV	B-SPEC
)	O
contains	O
two	O
central	O
,	O
consecutive	O
prolines	O
in	O
the	O
FP	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
In	O
continuation	O
of	O
our	O
efforts	O
toward	O
the	O
discovery	O
of	O
potent	O
non	O
-	O
nucleoside	B-CHED
HBV	B-DISO
inhibitors	B-CHED
with	O
novel	O
structures	O
,	O
we	O
have	O
explored	O
the	O
solvent	B-CHED
-	O
exposed	O
protein	B-CHED
region	O
of	O
heteroaryldihydropyrimidines	O
(	O
HAPs	O
)	O
derivatives	O
.	O

Participants	O
underwent	O
bronchoscopy	O
with	O
bronchoalveolar	O
lavage	O
(	O
BAL	B-ENZY
)	O
and	O
a	O
subset	O
underwent	O
pulmonary	B-PROC
function	I-PROC
testing	O
.	O

Rhinovirus	B-SPEC
was	O
the	O
most	O
prevalent	O
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
66	O
%),	O
followed	O
by	O
parainfluenza	B-DISO
(	O
19	O
%),	O
and	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
16	O
%).	O

The	O
course	O
of	O
treatment	O
of	O
4	O
cases	O
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
caused	O
by	O
acute	O
phosgene	B-CHED
poisoning	O
admitted	O
to	O
intensive	O
care	O
unit	O
(	O
ICU	O
)	O
of	O
Jiangxi	O
Provincial	O
People	O
'	O
s	O
Hospital	O
in	O
April	O
2018	O
was	O
retrospectively	O
analyzed	O
.	O

The	O
main	O
pathological	O
features	O
are	O
the	O
diffuse	O
inflammatory	O
and	O
protein	B-CHED
-	O
rich	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
edema	I-DISO
caused	O
by	O
destruction	O
of	O
the	O
blood	B-ANAT
-	O
air	B-CHED
barrier	O
.	O

Among	O
many	O
systems	O
producing	O
ROS	B-CHED
,	O
nicotinamide	B-CHED
-	I-CHED
adenine	I-CHED
dinucleotide	I-CHED
phosphate	I-CHED
(	O
NADPH	B-CHED
)	O
oxidase	B-PRGE
-	O
mediated	O
ROS	B-CHED
is	O
the	O
main	O
source	O
,	O
and	O
its	O
functional	O
subunit	O
is	O
the	O
transmembrane	B-COMP
subunit	O
NOX	O
family	B-SPEC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Chicken	B-SPEC
anaemia	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
enhances	O
and	O
prolongs	O
subsequent	O
avian	B-DISO
influenza	I-DISO
(	O
H9N2	O
)	O
and	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	O
viral	O
infections	O
.	O

The	O
results	O
exhibit	O
that	O
chickens	B-SPEC
previously	O
infected	O
with	O
CAV	B-SPEC
produceconsiderablyhigher	O
titresof	O
LPAI	O
-	O
H9N2	O
or	O
IB	O
viruses	B-SPEC
in	O
the	O
oropharyngeal	B-ANAT
swabs	O
(	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
),	O
tracheas	B-ANAT
and	O
kidneys	B-ANAT
.	O

In	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
we	O
carried	O
out	O
detailed	O
phylogenetic	O
analysis	O
and	O
sequence	O
comparisons	O
based	O
on	O
74	O
complete	O
nucleotide	B-CHED
sequences	O
of	O
the	O
IBV	B-PRGE
S1	I-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
,	O
including	O
strain	O
I0636	O
/	O
16	O
and	O
73	O
representative	O
sequences	O
from	O
each	O
genotype	O
and	O
lineage	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Evaluation	O
and	O
comparison	O
of	O
immunogenicity	O
and	O
cross	O
-	O
protective	O
efficacy	O
of	O
two	O
inactivated	O
cell	B-COMP
culture	O
-	O
derived	O
GIIa	O
-	O
and	O
GIIb	O
-	O
genotype	O
porcine	B-SPEC
epidemic	I-SPEC
diarrhea	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
vaccines	O
in	O
suckling	O
piglets	O
.	O

The	O
results	O
showed	O
that	O
both	O
vaccine	O
candidates	O
induced	O
high	O
levels	O
of	O
PEDV	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
specific	I-PRGE
IgG	I-PRGE
antibodies	B-COMP
and	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
γ	I-PRGE
and	O
reduced	O
the	O
levels	O
of	O
neutralizing	O
antibodies	B-COMP
at	O
21	O
dpv	O
in	O
suckling	O
piglets	O
.	O

The	O
GIIa	O
-	O
based	O
inactivated	O
vaccine	O
protected	O
all	O
piglets	O
(	O
8	O
/	O
8	O
)	O
against	O
virulent	O
homologous	O
and	O
heterologous	O
virus	B-SPEC
challenge	O
,	O
while	O
the	O
GIIb	O
strain	O
-	O
based	O
inactivated	O
vaccine	O
protected	O
only	O
2	O
/	O
4	O
and	O
1	O
/	O
4	O
piglets	O
against	O
virulent	O
homologous	O
and	O
heterologous	O
virus	O
challenge	O
,	O
respectively	O
.	O

Taken	O
together	O
,	O
the	O
data	O
presented	O
in	O
this	O
study	O
indicate	O
that	O
GIIa	O
strain	O
-	O
based	O
inactivated	O
vaccine	O
candidates	O
are	O
more	O
promising	O
than	O
GIIb	O
-	O
based	O
candidates	O
for	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
an	O
effective	O
vaccine	O
against	O
the	O
current	O
highly	O
virulent	O
pandemic	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
strains	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Successful	O
extracorporeal	O
life	O
support	O
in	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
after	O
copper	B-CHED
sulphate	B-CHED
ingestion	O
.	O

This	O
required	O
extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenation	B-PROC
(	O
ECMO	O
)	O
management	O
in	O
the	O
intensive	O
care	O
unit	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Anti	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
spike	I-PRGE
IgG	I-PRGE
causes	O
severe	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
by	O
skewing	O
macrophage	B-ANAT
responses	O
during	O
acute	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
CoV	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Newly	O
emerging	O
viruses	B-SPEC
,	O
such	O
as	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
),	O
Middle	O
Eastern	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
CoVs	O
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
),	O
and	O
H7N9	O
,	O
cause	O
fatal	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
(	O
ALI	O
)	O
by	O
driving	O
hypercytokinemia	O
and	O
aggressive	B-DISO
inflammation	B-DISO
through	O
mechanisms	O
that	O
remain	O
elusive	O
.	O

Alveolar	B-ANAT
macrophages	I-ANAT
underwent	O
functional	O
polarization	O
in	O
acutely	O
infected	O
macaques	B-SPEC
,	O
demonstrating	O
simultaneously	O
both	O
proinflammatory	O
and	O
wound	O
-	O
healing	B-PROC
characteristics	O
.	O

Leptospirosis	B-DISO
can	O
induce	O
serious	O
but	O
transient	O
ARDS	B-DISO
with	O
a	O
better	O
prognosis	O
than	O
that	O
of	O
other	O
causes	O
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

SARS	B-DISO
and	O
MERS	O
emerged	O
in	O
2003	O
and	O
2012	O
,	O
respectively	O
,	O
and	O
caused	O
a	O
worldwide	O
pandemic	O
that	O
claimed	O
thousands	O
of	O
human	B-SPEC
lives	O
,	O
while	O
SADS	O
struck	B-DISO
the	O
swine	B-SPEC
industry	O
in	O
2017	O
.	O

Interruption	O
of	O
the	O
zoonotic	O
transmission	O
chain	O
from	O
camels	B-SPEC
to	O
humans	B-SPEC
,	O
therefore	O
,	O
may	O
be	O
an	O
effective	O
strategy	O
to	O
control	O
the	O
ongoing	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
outbreak	O
.	O

Protection	O
in	O
alpaca	B-SPEC
correlates	O
with	O
high	O
serum	B-COMP
neutralizing	O
antibody	B-COMP
titers	O
.	O

Through	O
different	O
inoculation	O
routes	O
,	O
MHV	B-SPEC
-	O
A59	O
can	O
provide	O
animal	B-SPEC
models	O
for	O
encephalitis	B-DISO
,	O
hepatitis	B-DISO
and	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
to	O
explore	O
viral	O
life	O
machinery	O
and	O
virus	B-SPEC
-	O
host	B-COMP
interactions	O
.	O

We	O
restructure	O
the	O
original	O
data	O
into	O
run	O
-	O
off	O
triangle	O
data	O
,	O
where	O
the	O
cells	B-COMP
contain	O
the	O
numbers	O
of	O
cured	O
patients	O
,	O
deceased	B-PROC
patients	O
,	O
and	O
patients	O
still	O
having	O
the	O
disease	O
at	O
a	O
given	O
combination	O
of	O
calendar	O
and	O
disease	O
-	O
duration	O
times	O
.	O

Data	O
from	O
GIS	O
and	O
multiple	O
potential	O
infection	B-DISO
factors	O
were	O
used	O
to	O
pinpoint	O
cluster	O
dissemination	O
in	O
areas	O
with	O
large	O
numbers	O
of	O
swine	B-SPEC
farms	O
in	O
southern	O
Taiwan	O
.	O

In	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
we	O
explored	O
the	O
ability	O
of	O
PEDV	B-PRGE
nucleocapsid	B-COMP
(	I-PRGE
N	I-PRGE
)	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
in	O
improving	O
viral	O
yields	O
in	O
cell	B-COMP
culture	O
systems	O
.	O

Interestingly	O
,	O
PEDV	O
N	O
also	O
slightly	O
enhances	O
replication	O
of	O
porcine	B-SPEC
reproductive	B-PROC
and	O
respiratory	O
virus	B-SPEC
,	O
a	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
relative	O
in	O
the	O
Nidovirales	B-SPEC
order	B-SPEC
.	O

These	O
results	O
solidify	O
the	O
importance	O
of	O
N	O
in	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
recovery	O
and	O
propagation	O
and	O
suggest	O
a	O
potentially	O
useful	O
consideration	O
in	O
designing	O
vaccine	O
production	O
platforms	O
for	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
or	O
closely	O
related	O
pathogens	O
.	O

Among	O
them	O
,	O
the	O
62	O
who	O
required	O
ECMO	O
for	O
ARDS	B-DISO
were	O
analyzed	O
.	O

Lower	O
median	O
peak	O
inspiratory	B-PROC
pressure	O
and	O
median	O
dynamic	O
driving	O
pressure	O
were	O
observed	O
in	O
the	O
extended	O
group	O
24	O
hours	O
after	O
ECMO	O
support	O
.	O

Sequencing	O
revealed	O
89	O
%	O
amino	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
identity	O
between	O
the	O
viral	B-PRGE
attachment	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
S1	I-PRGE
of	O
GfCoV	O
/	O
2014	O
and	O
that	O
of	O
the	O
previously	O
identified	O
GfCoV	O
/	O
2011	O
.	O

It	O
is	O
evident	O
from	O
both	O
multiple	O
alignment	O
and	O
phylogenetic	O
analyses	O
that	O
some	O
genes	O
of	O
a	O
particular	O
SARSr	O
-	O
CoV	O
from	O
bats	B-SPEC
may	O
possess	B-DISO
higher	O
while	O
other	O
genes	O
possess	B-DISO
much	O
lower	O
nucleotide	B-CHED
identity	O
to	O
the	O
corresponding	O
genes	O
of	O
SARSr	O
-	O
CoV	O
from	O
human	B-SPEC
/	O
civets	B-SPEC
,	O
resulting	O
in	O
the	O
shift	O
of	O
phylogenetic	O
position	O
in	O
different	O
phylogenetic	O
trees	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
An	O
electrochemical	O
immunosensor	O
for	O
the	O
corona	B-CHED
virus	B-SPEC
associated	O
with	O
the	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
using	O
an	O
array	O
of	O
gold	B-CHED
nanoparticle	I-CHED
-	O
modified	O
carbon	B-CHED
electrodes	O
.	O

The	O
biosensor	O
is	O
based	O
on	O
indirect	O
competition	O
between	O
free	O
virus	B-SPEC
in	O
the	O
sample	O
and	O
immobilized	O
MERS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
for	O
a	O
fixed	B-ANAT
concentration	O
of	O
antibody	B-COMP
added	O
to	O
the	O
sample	O
.	O

In	O
this	O
review	O
,	O
approaches	O
that	O
antagonize	O
viral	O
nonstructural	O
proteins	B-CHED
,	O
neutralize	O
structural	O
proteins	B-CHED
,	O
or	O
modulate	O
essential	O
host	B-COMP
elements	O
of	O
viral	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
with	O
varying	O
levels	O
of	O
efficacy	O
in	O
models	O
of	O
highly	O
pathogenic	O
coronavirus	O
disease	O
are	O
discussed	O
.	O

Here	O
,	O
we	O
screened	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
RNA	B-PROC
modification	I-PROC
enzymes	O
involved	O
in	O
regulating	O
antiviral	B-PROC
response	I-PROC
.	O

Whereas	O
the	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
nsp13	O
barely	O
regulates	O
type	O
I	O
IFN	O
,	O
inflammatory	O
cytokines	O
(	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
6	I-FUNC
,	O
TNF	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
a	I-PRGE
)	O
and	O
MHCII	O
,	O
nsp16	O
and	O
nsp14	O
(	O
to	O
a	O
lesser	O
extent	O
)	O
down	O
-	O
regulate	O
these	O
antiviral	B-CHED
effectors	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Profiling	O
DUBs	O
and	O
Ubl	B-PRGE
-	O
specific	O
proteases	O
with	O
activity	O
-	O
based	O
probes	O
.	O

Deubiquitinating	B-PROC
enzymes	O
(	O
DUBs	O
)	O
reverse	O
Ub	O
signaling	B-PROC
by	O
disassembly	O
of	O
one	O
or	O
multiple	O
poly	O
-	O
Ub	O
chain	O
types	O
and	O
their	O
malfunction	O
is	O
often	O
associated	O
with	O
human	B-SPEC
disease	O
.	O

Severe	O
and	O
irreversible	O
morphology	O
changes	O
in	O
lung	B-ANAT
specimen	O
,	O
leading	O
to	O
ischemic	O
damage	O
of	O
all	O
internal	O
organs	B-ANAT
and	O
tissues	B-ANAT
,	O
were	O
observed	O
during	O
histological	O
examination	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Due	O
to	O
the	O
inconsistent	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
enteric	O
signs	O
associated	O
with	O
ECoV	O
infection	B-DISO
in	O
adult	O
horses	B-SPEC
,	O
many	O
practitioners	O
collect	O
nasal	B-ANAT
secretions	B-ANAT
rather	O
than	O
feces	B-ANAT
for	O
the	O
molecular	O
diagnostic	O
work	O
-	O
up	O
of	O
such	O
horses	B-SPEC
.	O

Feces	B-ANAT
were	O
tested	O
for	O
ECoV	O
and	O
nasal	B-ANAT
secretions	B-ANAT
for	O
common	O
respiratory	O
pathogens	O
(	O
equine	B-SPEC
herpesvirus	B-SPEC
(	O
EHV	O
)-	O
1	O
,	O
EHV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
4	I-SPEC
,	O
equine	B-DISO
influenza	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
EIV	O
),	O
equine	B-SPEC
rhinitis	B-DISO
viruses	B-SPEC
(	O
ERVs	O
)	O
and	O
The	O
total	O
number	O
of	O
horses	B-SPEC
testing	O
qPCR	O
-	O
positive	O
for	O
ECoV	O
in	O
feces	B-ANAT
was	O
20	O
(	O
7	O
.	O
2	O
%),	O
4	O
of	O
which	O
also	O
tested	O
qPCR	O
-	O
positive	O
for	O
ECoV	O
in	O
nasal	B-ANAT
secretions	B-ANAT
.	O

In	O
the	O
same	O
population	O
9	O
.	O
0	O
%	O
of	O
horses	B-SPEC
tested	O
qPCR	O
-	O
positive	O
for	O
EHV	O
-	O
4	O
,	O
6	O
.	O
1	O
%	O
for	O
EIV	O
,	O
4	O
.	O
3	O
%	O
for	O
The	O
present	O
study	O
results	O
showed	O
that	O
7	O
.	O
2	O
%	O
of	O
horses	B-SPEC
with	O
acute	O
onset	O
of	O
fever	B-PROC
tested	O
qPCR	O
-	O
positive	O
for	O
ECoV	O
in	O
feces	B-ANAT
,	O
highlighting	O
the	O
importance	O
of	O
testing	O
such	O
horses	B-SPEC
for	O
ECoV	O
in	O
feces	B-ANAT
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Decline	O
of	O
transmissible	O
gastroenteritis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
and	O
its	O
complex	O
evolutionary	O
relationship	O
with	O
porcine	O
respiratory	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
in	O
the	O
United	O
States	O
.	O

The	O
""""	O
variant	O
""""	O
genotype	O
shared	O
similar	O
unique	O
deletions	O
and	O
amino	O
acid	O
changes	O
with	O
the	O
recent	O
PRCV	O
strain	O
identified	O
in	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
suggesting	O
a	O
recombination	B-PROC
event	O
occurred	O
between	O
the	O
''	O
variant	O
''	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
and	O
PRCV	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Coronavirus	B-SPEC
membrane	B-COMP
(	O
M	O
)	O
protein	B-CHED
is	O
the	O
most	O
abundant	O
structural	O
protein	B-CHED
playing	O
a	O
critical	O
role	O
in	O
virion	B-PROC
assembly	I-PROC
.	O

Dual	O
mutations	O
at	O
the	O
two	O
sites	O
(	O
N3D	O
/	O
N6D	O
)	O
did	O
not	O
affect	O
particle	O
assembly	B-PROC
,	I-PROC
virus	I-PROC
-	O
like	O
particle	O
formation	B-PROC
and	O
viral	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
in	O
culture	O
cells	B-COMP
.	O

Unfortunately	O
,	O
we	O
have	O
only	O
started	O
to	O
unravel	O
the	O
underlying	O
viral	O
mechanisms	O
used	O
to	O
manipulate	O
host	B-COMP
innate	B-DISO
immune	I-DISO
responses	I-DISO
.	O

In	O
this	O
review	O
,	O
we	O
gather	O
current	O
knowledge	O
concerning	O
the	O
interplay	O
between	O
these	O
viruses	B-SPEC
and	O
components	O
of	O
host	B-COMP
innate	B-PROC
immunity	I-PROC
,	O
focusing	O
on	O
type	B-PRGE
I	I-PRGE
interferon	I-PRGE
induction	O
and	O
signaling	B-PROC
in	O
particular	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
mechanisms	O
by	O
which	O
virus	B-SPEC
-	O
encoded	O
gene	O
products	O
antagonize	O
and	O
subvert	O
host	B-COMP
innate	B-DISO
immune	I-DISO
responses	I-DISO
.	O

Finally	O
,	O
we	O
provide	O
some	O
perspectives	O
on	O
the	O
advantages	O
gained	O
from	O
a	O
better	O
understanding	O
of	O
host	B-COMP
-	O
pathogen	O
interactions	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Porcine	B-SPEC
epidemic	B-DISO
diarrhea	I-DISO
caused	O
by	O
porcine	B-SPEC
epidemic	I-SPEC
diarrhea	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
)	O
is	O
a	O
highly	O
contagious	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
in	O
newborn	O
piglets	O
.	O

In	O
our	O
study	O
,	O
the	O
S1	O
region	O
of	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
strain	O
CH	O
/	O
JLDH	O
/	O
2016	B-PRGE
spike	I-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
was	O
inserted	O
into	O
the	O
Lactococcus	B-SPEC
lactis	I-SPEC
expression	B-PROC
vector	O
,	O
pNZ8149	O
,	O
resulting	O
in	O
recombinant	O
plasmid	O
pNZ8149	O
-	O
S1	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
immunogenicity	O
of	O
recombinant	O
L	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
lactis	I-SPEC
pNZ8149	O
-	O
S1	O
/	O
NZ3900	O
was	O
evaluated	O
in	O
mice	B-SPEC
.	O

Lymphocyte	O
proliferation	B-DISO
assay	O
results	O
showed	O
that	O
the	O
recombinant	O
L	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
lactis	I-SPEC
pNZ8149	O
-	O
S1	O
/	O
NZ3900	O
significantly	O
stimulated	O
the	O
proliferation	B-DISO
of	O
splenic	B-ANAT
lymphocytes	B-ANAT
(	O
p	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
01	O
).	O

Thrombosis	B-DISO
was	O
classified	O
as	O
a	O
large	O
thrombosis	B-DISO
by	O
vein	B-DISO
occlusion	B-PROC
of	O
greater	O
than	O
50	O
%.	O

Additional	O
samples	O
were	O
obtained	O
per	O
-	O
Hajj	O
,	O
at	O
symptom	B-DISO
onset	O
in	O
ill	B-DISO
pilgrims	O
.	O

Viruses	B-SPEC
were	O
identified	O
using	O
the	O
BioFire	O
FilmArray	O
109	O
pilgrims	O
were	O
included	O
.	O

Point	O
of	O
care	O
-	O
rapid	O
multiplex	O
PCR	O
assays	O
are	O
valuable	O
diagnosis	O
tools	O
in	O
this	O
context	O
when	O
used	O
at	O
respiratory	B-DISO
symptom	I-DISO
onset	O
or	O
soon	O
after	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Acute	O
hypoxic	B-DISO
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
secondary	O
to	O
antisynthetase	B-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
:	O
A	O
case	O
report	O
and	O
review	O
of	O
literature	O
.	O

Sequencing	O
and	O
phylogenetic	O
analysis	O
showed	O
that	O
strain	O
CH	O
/	O
HBXT	O
/	O
2018	O
contained	O
novel	O
insertion	O
and	O
deletion	B-PROC
mutations	I-PROC
in	O
the	O
S	B-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
region	O
relative	O
to	O
the	O
classical	O
strain	O
and	O
belonged	O
to	O
the	O
genotype	O
GIIa	O
,	O
similar	O
to	O
other	O
recently	O
isolated	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
strains	O
from	O
China	O
and	O
the	O
United	O
States	O
.	O

Pig	B-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
studies	O
indicated	O
that	O
the	O
CH	O
/	O
HBXT	O
/	O
2018	O
strain	O
was	O
highly	O
virulent	O
in	O
suckling	O
piglets	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
median	O
pig	O
diarrhea	B-DISO
dose	O
(	O
PDD	B-DISO

A	O
list	O
of	O
TTD	O
includes	O
infections	B-DISO
caused	O
by	O
human	B-SPEC
T	O
-	O
lymphotropic	O
virus	B-SPEC
1	O
,	O
cytomegalovirus	B-SPEC
and	O
West	B-DISO
Nile	I-DISO
virus	I-DISO
,	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
),	O
malaria	B-PATH
,	O
Chagas	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
,	O
babesiosis	B-DISO
,	O
leishmaniasis	B-PATH
,	O
variant	B-DISO
Creutzfeldt	I-DISO
-	I-DISO
Jakob	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
,	O
Zika	O
,	O
Dengue	B-DISO
,	O
Chikungunya	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
anaplasmosis	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Endemic	O
infection	B-DISO
can	O
shape	O
exposure	O
to	O
novel	O
pathogens	O
:	O
Pathogen	O
co	O
-	O
occurrence	O
networks	O
in	O
the	O
Serengeti	O
lions	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
ECMO	O
for	O
Adults	O
with	O
Severe	O
Respiratory	B-DISO
Failure	I-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
We	O
identified	O
a	O
strain	O
of	O
Alphacoronavirus	O
1	O
,	O
FCoV	O
-	O
SB22	O
,	O
from	O
a	O
pool	O
of	O
fecal	B-ANAT
samples	O
from	O
domestic	B-SPEC
cats	I-SPEC
from	O
a	O
rural	O
settlement	O
in	O
the	O
municipality	O
of	O
Santa	O
Bárbara	O
,	O
Pará	O
,	O
Brazil	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Clinical	O
Characteristics	O
and	O
Outcome	O
of	O
Children	O
Hospitalized	O
With	O
Scrub	B-DISO
Typhus	I-DISO
in	O
an	O
Area	O
of	O
Endemicity	O
.	O

Patients	O
with	O
confirmed	O
scrub	B-DISO
typhus	I-DISO
had	O
clinical	O
symptoms	O
,	O
including	O
fever	B-PROC
(	O
35	O
of	O
35	O
[	O
100	O
%]),	O
eschar	B-DISO
(	O
21	O
of	O
35	O
[	O
60	O
%]),	O
cough	B-DISO
(	O
21	O
of	O
35	O
[	O
60	O
%]),	O
tachypnea	B-DISO
(	O
16	O
of	O
35	O
[	O
46	O
%]),	O
lymphadenopathy	O
(	O
15	O
of	O
35	O
[	O
43	O
%]),	O
and	O
headache	B-DISO
(	O
14	O
of	O
35	O
[	O
40	O
%]).	O

We	O
detected	O
90	O
%	O
PRNT	O
confirmed	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
antibody	B-COMP
in	O
35	O
(	O
55	O
.	O
6	O
%)	O
of	O
63	O
sera	B-COMP
from	O
sheep	B-SPEC
collected	O
from	O
Senegal	O
,	O
two	O
sheep	B-SPEC
(	O
1	O
.	O
8	O
%)	O
of	O
114	O
in	O
Tunisia	O
and	O
a	O
goat	O
(	O
0	O
.	O
9	O
%)	O
of	O
107	O
in	O
Egypt	O
,	O
with	O
titres	O
ranging	O
from	O
1	O
:	O
80	O
to	O
≥	O
1	O
:	O
320	O
.	O

We	O
recommend	O
expanding	O
current	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
surveillance	O
in	O
animals	B-SPEC
to	O
include	O
other	O
livestock	O
in	O
close	O
contact	O
with	O
dromedary	B-SPEC
camels	B-SPEC
.	O

The	O
segregation	O
of	O
camels	B-SPEC
from	O
other	O
livestock	O
in	O
farms	O
and	O
live	O
animal	B-SPEC
markets	O
may	O
need	O
to	O
be	O
considered	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Global	O
status	O
of	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
in	O
dromedary	B-SPEC
camels	B-SPEC
:	O
a	O
systematic	O
review	O
.	O

This	O
systematic	O
review	O
aims	O
to	O
compile	O
and	O
analyse	O
all	O
published	O
data	O
on	O
MERS	O
-	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
CoV	O
)	O
in	O
the	O
global	O
camel	B-SPEC
population	O
to	O
provide	O
an	O
overview	O
of	O
current	O
knowledge	O
on	O
the	O
distribution	O
,	O
spread	O
and	O
risk	O
factors	O
of	O
infections	B-DISO
in	O
dromedary	B-SPEC
camels	B-SPEC
.	O

We	O
included	O
original	O
research	O
articles	O
containing	O
laboratory	O
evidence	O
of	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
infections	B-DISO
in	O
dromedary	B-SPEC
camels	B-SPEC
in	O
the	O
field	O
from	O
2013	O
to	O
April	O
2018	O
.	O

In	O
general	O
,	O
camels	B-SPEC
only	O
show	O
minor	O
clinical	O
signs	O
of	O
disease	O
after	O
being	O
infected	O
with	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
.	O
Serological	O
evidence	O
of	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
in	O
camels	B-SPEC
has	O
been	O
found	O
in	O
20	O
countries	O
,	O
with	O
molecular	O
evidence	O
for	O
virus	B-SPEC
circulation	B-PROC
in	O
13	O
countries	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Hematological	O
Effects	O
of	O
Non	O
-	O
Homogenous	O
Ionizing	O
Radiation	O
Exposure	O
in	O
a	O
Non	O
-	O
Human	B-SPEC
Primate	B-SPEC
Model	O
.	O

Animals	B-SPEC
in	O
the	O
bilateral	O
UHBI	O
arm	B-ANAT
presented	O
with	O
myelosuppression	B-DISO
;	O
however	O
,	O
none	O
of	O
the	O
animals	B-SPEC
developed	O
severe	O
neutropenia	O
or	O
thrombocytopenia	O
(	O
ANC	O
remained	O
>	O
500	O
/	O
µl	O
;	O
platelets	B-ANAT
>	O
50	O
,	O
000	O
/	O
µl	O
during	O
14	O
-	O
day	O
follow	O
-	O
up	O
).	O

The	O
clinical	O
presentation	O
of	O
MERS	O
varied	O
from	O
asymptomatic	O
to	O
severe	O
bilateral	B-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
,	O
depending	O
on	O
the	O
case	O
definition	O
and	O
surveillance	O
strategies	O
.	O

Future	O
directions	O
include	O
efforts	O
to	O
facilitate	O
earlier	O
recognition	O
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
,	O
identifying	O
responsive	O
subsets	O
of	O
patients	O
and	O
ongoing	O
efforts	O
to	O
understand	O
fundamental	O
mechanisms	O
of	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
to	O
design	O
specific	O
treatments	O
.	O

The	O
presence	O
of	O
influenza	B-SPEC
D	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
IDV	O
),	O
bovine	B-SPEC
rhinitis	B-DISO
A	O
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
BRAV	O
),	O
bovine	B-SPEC
rhinitis	I-SPEC
B	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
BRBV	O
),	O
bovine	B-SPEC
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
BCV	B-SPEC
)	O
and	O
bovine	B-SPEC
respiratory	I-SPEC
syncytial	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
BRSV	B-SPEC
)	O
was	O
associated	O
with	O
BRD	O
.	O

Non	O
-	O
extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenation	B-PROC
patients	O
had	O
lower	O
health	O
-	O
related	O
quality	O
-	O
of	O
-	O
life	O
scores	O
and	O
higher	O
rates	O
of	O
posttraumatic	B-DISO
stress	I-DISO
disorder	I-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
variant	O
strains	O
of	O
porcine	B-SPEC
epidemic	I-SPEC
diarrhea	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
)	O
severely	O
threaten	O
the	O
pig	B-SPEC
industry	O
worldwide	O
and	O
cause	O
up	O
to	O
100	O
%	O
mortality	O
in	O
suckling	O
piglets	O
.	O

Assessment	O
of	O
faeces	B-ANAT
by	O
PCR	O
revealed	O
concurrent	O
infection	B-DISO
with	O
FCoV	O
and	O
FPV	B-SPEC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Identification	O
and	O
characterization	O
of	O
a	O
novel	O
linear	O
epitope	B-CHED
in	O
the	O
spike	O
protein	B-CHED
of	O
the	O
porcine	B-SPEC
epidemic	I-SPEC
diarrhea	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
.	O

In	O
addition	O
,	O
immunoregulated	O
agents	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
asthymosin	O
α1	O
,	O
are	O
also	O
of	O
great	O
value	O
in	O
renal	B-ANAT
transplant	B-ANAT
recipients	O
in	O
the	O
setting	O
of	O
opportunistic	O
pathogen	O
infections	B-DISO
.	O

Among	O
case	O
-	O
patients	O
who	O
died	B-PROC
,	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
robust	O
neutralizing	O
serum	B-COMP
antibody	B-PROC
responses	I-PROC
during	O
the	O
second	O
and	O
third	O
week	O
of	O
illness	O
was	O
not	O
sufficient	O
for	O
patient	O
recovery	O
or	O
virus	B-SPEC
clearance	O
.	O

PAP	B-DISO
was	O
significantly	O
higher	O
in	O
neonates	O
with	O
ALI	O
/	O
ADDSp	O
than	O
in	O
neonates	O
with	O
ALI	O
/	O
ADDSexp	O
.	O

This	O
can	O
be	O
used	O
as	O
a	O
monitoring	O
indicator	B-CHED
for	O
the	O
severity	O
of	O
illness	O
.	O

Once	O
formed	O
and	O
released	O
from	O
producer	O
cells	B-COMP
,	O
these	O
pseudovirions	O
incorporate	O
a	O
luciferase	B-PRGE
reporter	I-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenation	B-PROC
is	O
a	O
rescue	O
treatment	O
for	O
respiratory	O
or	O
cardiac	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
.	O

Endovascular	B-ANAT
aneurysm	B-DISO
repair	B-PROC
of	O
aortic	B-DISO
dissection	I-DISO
and	O
venoarterial	O
extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenation	B-PROC
were	O
performed	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
The	O
battle	O
against	O
SARS	B-DISO
and	O
MERS	O
coronaviruses	O
:	O
Reservoirs	O
and	O
Animal	B-SPEC
Models	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Host	B-COMP
Determinants	O
of	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
Transmission	O
and	O
Pathogenesis	B-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
While	O
porcine	B-SPEC
epidemic	I-SPEC
diarrhea	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
)	O
infects	O
and	O
replicates	O
in	O
enterocytes	B-ANAT
lining	O
villi	O
of	O
neonatal	O
piglets	O
with	O
high	O
efficiency	O
,	O
naturally	O
isolated	O
variants	O
typically	O
grow	O
poorly	O
in	O
established	O
cell	B-ANAT
lines	I-ANAT
,	O
unless	O
adapted	O
by	O
multiple	O
passages	O
.	O

Further	O
mutational	O
analyses	O
revealed	O
that	O
a	O
single	O
mutation	O
at	O
the	O
amino	O
acid	O
residue	O
position	O
672	O
(	O
V672F	O
)	O
could	O
enable	O
the	O
chimeric	O
S	O
with	O
the	O
entire	O
RBD	O
derived	O
from	O
the	O
G2	O
strain	O
to	O
trigger	O
large	O
syncytia	B-ANAT
.	O

Interestingly	O
,	O
we	O
also	O
demonstrated	O
that	O
while	O
the	O
V672F	O
mutation	O
is	O
critical	O
for	O
the	O
syncytium	B-PROC
formation	I-PROC
in	O
VeroE6	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
APN	I-PRGE
cells	B-COMP
,	O
it	O
exerts	B-PROC
a	O
minimal	O
effect	O
in	O
Huh	O
-	O
7	O
cells	B-COMP
,	O
thereby	O
suggesting	O
the	O
difference	O
in	O
receptor	O
preference	O
of	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
among	O
host	B-COMP
cells	B-COMP
.	O

PMS	B-DISO
for	O
knowledge	O
was	O
71	O
.	O
1	O
±	O
19	O
.	O
4	O
.	O

Both	O
upper	O
and	O
lower	O
respiratory	O
specimens	O
were	O
collected	O
for	O
the	O
analysis	O
from	O
all	O
the	O
patients	O
who	O
visited	O
the	O
Sheikh	O
Khalifa	O
Specialty	O
Hospital	O
(	O
SKSH	O
)	O
with	O
ARI	B-CHED
for	O
over	O
2	O
years	O
.	O

The	O
pattern	O
of	O
FLU	B-DISO
in	O
the	O
UAE	O
parallels	O
to	O
that	O
of	O
temperate	O
countries	O
.	O

All	O
testicles	B-ANAT
were	O
negative	O
at	O
immunohistochemistry	O
,	O
while	O
six	O
were	O
positive	O
at	O
nRT	B-PRGE
-	O
PCR	O
for	O
FCoV	O
.	O
Serology	O
and	O
blood	B-ANAT
PCR	O
results	O
suggest	O
that	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
was	O
present	O
in	O
the	O
environment	O
,	O
stimulating	O
transient	O
seroconversion	O
.	O

In	O
the	O
light	O
of	O
these	O
preliminary	O
results	O
,	O
artificial	O
insemination	B-PROC
appears	O
safer	O
than	O
natural	O
mating	B-PROC
as	O
it	O
eliminates	O
the	O
direct	O
contact	O
between	O
animals	B-SPEC
,	O
thus	O
diminishing	O
the	O
probability	O
of	O
faecal	B-ANAT
-	O
oral	B-ANAT
FCoV	O
transmission	O
.	O

In	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
we	O
developed	O
a	O
small	O
interfering	O
RNA	O
generation	O
system	O
that	O
expressed	B-PROC
two	O
different	O
short	O
hairpin	O
RNAs	O
(	O
shRNAs	O
)	O
targeting	B-PROC
the	O
M	B-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
of	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
and	O
SADS	O
-	O
CoV	O
and	O
the	O
N	O
gene	O
of	O
PDCoV	O
,	O
respectively	O
.	O

Our	O
results	O
demonstrated	O
that	O
simultaneous	O
expression	B-PROC
of	O
these	O
specific	O
shRNA	O
molecules	O
inhibited	O
expression	O
of	O
PEDV	B-PRGE
M	I-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
,	O
SADS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
M	I-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
,	O
and	O
PDCoV	B-PRGE
N	I-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
RNA	I-PRGE
by	O
99	O
.	O
7	O
%,	O
99	O
.	O
4	O
%,	O
and	O
98	O
.	O
8	O
%,	O
respectively	O
,	O
in	O
infected	O
cell	B-COMP
cultures	O
.	O

In	O
addition	O
,	O
shRNA	O
molecules	O
significantly	O
restricted	O
the	O
expression	B-PROC
of	O
M	O
and	O
N	O
protein	B-CHED
,	O
and	O
impaired	B-DISO
the	O
replication	O
of	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
,	O
SADS	O
-	O
CoV	O
,	O
and	O
PDCoV	O
simultaneously	O
.	O

We	O
generated	O
rAd5	B-PRGE
constructs	O
expressing	O
CD40	B-PRGE
-	O
targeted	B-PROC
S1	B-PRGE
fusion	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
(	O
rAd5	B-PRGE
-	O
S1	O
/	O
F	O
/	O
CD40L	B-PRGE
),	O
untargeted	O
S1	O
(	O
rAd5	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
S1	I-PRGE
),	O
and	O
Green	B-PRGE
Fluorescent	I-PRGE
Protein	I-PRGE
(	O
rAd5	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
GFP	I-PRGE
),	O
and	O
evaluated	O
their	O
efficacy	O
and	O
safety	O
in	O
human	B-PRGE
dipeptidyl	I-PRGE
peptidase	I-PRGE
4	I-PRGE
transgenic	I-PRGE
(	O
hDPP4	O
Tg	O
+)	O
mice	B-SPEC
.	O

Immunization	O
of	O
hDPP4	O
Tg	O
+	O
mice	B-SPEC
with	O
a	O
single	O
dose	O
of	O
rAd5	B-PRGE
-	O
S1	O
/	O
F	O
/	O
CD40L	B-PRGE
elicited	O
as	O
robust	O
and	O
significant	O
specific	O
immunoglobulin	B-PRGE
G	I-PRGE
and	I-PRGE
neutralizing	I-PRGE
antibodies	B-COMP
as	O
those	O
induced	O
with	O
2	O
doses	O
of	O
rAd5	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
S1	I-PRGE
.	O

Given	O
the	O
high	O
mortality	O
associated	O
with	O
ARDS	B-DISO
,	O
numerous	O
animal	B-SPEC
models	O
have	O
been	O
developed	O
to	O
support	O
translational	B-PROC
research	O
.	O

Inclusion	O
criteria	O
:	O
animal	B-SPEC
models	O
combining	O
features	O
of	O
experimental	O
ARDS	B-DISO
with	O
ECMO	O
.	O

Seventeen	O
models	O
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
and	O
ECMO	O
were	O
identified	O
.	O

A	O
limited	O
number	O
of	O
models	O
combine	O
the	O
features	O
of	O
experimental	O
ARDS	B-DISO
with	O
ECMO	O
.	O

These	O
include	O
interferon	B-PRGE
(	O
IFN	O
),	O
oligoadenylate	O
synthetase	O
(	O
OAS	B-DISO
)-	O
RNase	B-ENZY
L	O
,	O
and	O
protein	B-PRGE
kinase	I-PRGE
R	I-PRGE
(	O
PKR	B-PRGE
).	O

Coronaviruses	O
,	O
including	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
,	O
potently	O
suppress	O
the	O
activation	O
of	O
these	O
pathways	B-PROC
,	O
inducing	O
only	O
modest	O
host	B-COMP
responses	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Guillain	O
-	O
Barré	O
syndrome	B-DISO
with	O
unilateral	O
peripheral	O
facial	B-ANAT
and	O
bulbar	B-DISO
palsy	I-DISO
in	O
a	O
child	O
:	O
A	O
case	O
report	O
.	O

Cranial	B-DISO
nerve	I-DISO
palsies	I-DISO
are	O
frequent	O
in	O
Guillain	O
-	O
Barré	O
syndrome	B-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Coronavirus	B-SPEC
nonstructural	O
protein	B-CHED
8	O
(	O
nsp8	O
)	O
has	O
been	O
suggested	O
to	O
have	O
diverse	O
activities	O
,	O
including	O
noncanonical	O
template	O
-	O
dependent	O
polymerase	O
activities	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Analysis	O
of	O
Coronavirus	B-SPEC
Temperature	O
-	O
Sensitive	O
Mutants	O
Reveals	O
an	O
Interplay	O
between	O
the	O
Macrodomain	O
and	O
Papain	O
-	O
Like	O
Protease	O
Impacting	O
Replication	O
and	O
Pathogenesis	B-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Analysis	O
of	O
temperature	O
-	O
sensitive	O
(	O
ts	O
)	O
mutant	B-DISO
viruses	B-SPEC
is	O
a	O
classic	O
method	O
allowing	O
researchers	O
to	O
identify	O
genetic	O
loci	O
involved	O
in	O
viral	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
and	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
.	O

Hemoadsorption	O
therapy	O
was	O
initiated	O
due	O
to	O
prolonged	O
high	O
levels	O
of	O
conjugated	O
bilirubin	B-CHED
.	O

In	O
our	O
patient	O
,	O
CytoSorb	O
was	O
a	O
useful	O
therapeutic	O
option	O
in	O
prolonged	O
cholestasis	B-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Enteric	O
viral	O
diseases	O
of	O
swine	B-SPEC
are	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
most	O
frequent	O
disorders	O
causing	O
huge	O
economic	O
losses	O
in	O
pork	O
production	O
.	O

A	O
total	O
of	O
384	O
faecal	B-ANAT
samples	O
collected	O
during	O
a	O
twoyear	O
period	O
from	O
diarrhoeic	O
and	O
asymptomatic	O
pigs	B-SPEC
of	O
various	O
ages	O
in	O
17	O
farms	O
were	O
screened	O
by	O
conventional	O
and	O
real	O
-	O
time	O
PCR	O
methods	O
.	O

Luminex	O
multi	O
-	O
analyte	O
-	O
technology	O
was	O
used	O
for	O
biomarker	B-CHED
analysis	O
.	O

By	O
analyzing	O
simulated	O
outbreaks	O
under	O
various	O
contact	O
tracing	O
scenarios	O
,	O
we	O
demonstrate	O
that	O
contact	O
data	O
significantly	O
improves	O
our	O
ability	O
to	O
reconstruct	O
transmission	O
trees	O
,	O
even	O
under	O
realistic	O
limitations	O
on	O
the	O
coverage	O
of	O
the	O
contact	O
tracing	O
effort	B-PROC
and	O
the	O
amount	O
of	O
non	O
-	O
infectious	B-DISO
mixing	O
between	O
cases	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
3	O
-	O
Trifluoromethylpyrazolones	O
derived	O
nucleosides	B-CHED
:	O
Synthesis	B-PROC
and	O
antiviral	B-CHED
evaluation	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Pharmacokinetics	B-PROC
of	O
Ketamine	B-CHED
at	O
Dissociative	O
Doses	O
in	O
an	O
Adult	O
Patient	O
With	O
Refractory	O
Status	B-DISO
Asthmaticus	I-DISO
Receiving	O
Extracorporeal	O
Membrane	B-COMP
Oxygenation	B-PROC
Therapy	O
.	O

We	O
describe	O
the	O
case	O
of	O
a	O
44	O
-	O
year	O
-	O
old	O
man	B-CHED
admitted	O
to	O
the	O
intensive	O
care	O
unit	O
for	O
status	B-DISO
asthmaticus	I-DISO
requiring	O
intubation	O
and	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
.	O

The	O
plasma	B-ANAT
concentration	O
at	O
steady	O
state	O
was	O
1018	O
.	O
7	O
ng	O
/	O
mL	O
,	O
with	O
an	O
estimated	O
clearance	O
of	O
1	O
.	O
96	O
L	O
/	O
kg	O
/	O
h	O
after	O
up	O
-	O
titration	O
.	O

This	O
observational	O
retrospective	O
study	O
analyzed	O
onco	O
-	O
hematological	O
patients	O
with	O
ARpF	O
in	O
the	O
Intensive	O
Care	O
Unit	O
(	O
ICU	O
)	O
of	O
a	O
cancer	B-DISO
center	O
in	O
southern	O
Brazil	O
between	O
2010	O
-	O
2016	O
,	O
who	O
required	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
and	O
were	O
submitted	O
to	O
open	O
SLB	O
.	O

In	O
this	O
case	O
study	O
we	O
aim	O
to	O
describe	O
the	O
importance	O
of	O
considering	O
mycoplasma	B-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
in	O
high	O
-	O
risk	O
groups	O
.	O

Mycoplasma	B-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
is	O
a	O
common	O
type	O
of	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
in	O
the	O
community	O
,	O
but	O
only	O
a	O
small	O
percentage	O
of	O
patients	O
require	O
hospitalization	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
yak	B-SPEC
(	O
Bosgrunniens	O
)	O
is	O
a	O
unique	O
domestic	O
bovine	B-SPEC
species	B-SPEC
that	O
plays	O
an	O
indispensable	O
role	O
for	O
herdsmen	O
in	O
the	O
Qinghai	O
-	O
Tibet	O
Plateau	O
.	O

Here	O
,	O
336	O
diarrhoeic	O
samples	O
were	O
collected	O
from	O
yaks	B-SPEC
on	O
29	O
farms	O
in	O
the	O
Qinghai	O
-	O
Tibet	O
Plateau	O
from	O
2015	O
to	O
2017	O
.	O

Furthermore	O
,	O
a	O
BCoV	O
strain	O
(	O
designated	O
YAK	B-SPEC
/	O
HY24	O
/	O
CH	O
/	O
2017	O
)	O
was	O
isolated	O
from	O
one	O
diarrhoeic	O
sample	O
(	O
virus	B-SPEC
titre	O
:	O
10	O

The	O
N	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
Terminal	I-PRGE
Domain	I-PRGE
of	O
Spike	B-PRGE
Protein	I-PRGE
Is	O
Not	O
the	O
Enteric	O
Tropism	B-PROC
Determinant	O
for	O
Transmissible	O
Gastroenteritis	O
Virus	B-SPEC
in	O
Piglets	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Menkes	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
(	O
MD	O
)	O
usually	O
presents	O
in	O
infancy	O
with	O
respiratory	O
and	O
neurological	O
complications	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
postmortem	O
review	O
of	O
facial	B-ANAT
traits	O
raised	O
the	O
suspicion	O
of	O
MD	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Prevalence	O
,	O
phylogenetic	O
and	O
evolutionary	O
analysis	O
of	O
porcine	B-SPEC
deltacoronavirus	O
in	O
Henan	O
province	O
,	O
China	O
.	O

His	O
ECMO	O
course	O
was	O
complicated	O
by	O
severe	O
hemolysis	B-DISO
and	O
hyperbilirubinemia	B-DISO
,	O
which	O
precluded	O
accurate	O
monitoring	O
of	O
heparin	B-CHED
activity	O
.	O

In	O
total	O
11	O
patients	O
(	O
64	O
,	O
7	O
%)	O
survived	O
the	O
treatment	O
,	O
with	O
10	O
patients	O
(	O
58	O
,	O
8	O
%)	O
surviving	O
hospital	O
discharge	B-ANAT
,	O
all	O
of	O
who	O
were	O
still	O
alive	O
at	O
long	O
-	O
term	O
follow	O
-	O
up	O
,	O
with	O
a	O
median	O
follow	O
-	O
up	O
time	O
of	O
9	O
years	O
(	O
August	O
15th	O
,	O
2017	O
).	O

These	O
antibodies	B-COMP
belong	O
to	O
six	O
distinct	O
epitope	B-CHED
groups	O
and	O
interfere	O
with	O
the	O
three	O
critical	O
entry	O
functions	O
of	O
the	O
MERS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
spike	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
:	O
sialic	B-FUNC
acid	I-FUNC
binding	I-FUNC
,	O
receptor	B-FUNC
binding	I-FUNC
and	O
membrane	B-PROC
fusion	I-PROC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Respiratory	O
Virus	B-SPEC
Infections	B-DISO
of	O
the	O
Stem	O
Cell	B-ANAT
Transplant	I-ANAT
Recipient	O
and	O
the	O
Hematologic	B-DISO
Malignancy	I-DISO
Patient	O
.	O

In	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
we	O
carried	O
out	O
the	O
first	O
detection	O
,	O
sequencing	O
and	O
characterization	O
of	O
this	O
virus	B-SPEC
in	O
Mexico	O
.	O

We	O
found	O
85	O
positive	O
samples	O
for	O
porcine	B-SPEC
deltacoronavirus	O
,	O
representing	O
9	O
.	O
6	O
%	O
of	O
the	O
total	O
samples	O
,	O
and	O
we	O
determined	O
that	O
the	O
most	O
frequent	O
coinfection	B-DISO
was	O
with	O
porcine	B-SPEC
epidemic	I-SPEC
diarrhoea	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
54	O
.	O
1	O
%).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Using	O
selective	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
to	O
improve	O
murine	B-SPEC
models	O
of	O
spatially	O
heterogeneous	O
lung	B-ANAT
diseases	I-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
A	O
multiplex	O
reverse	O
transcription	O
polymerase	O
chain	O
rection	O
(	O
mRT	B-ANAT
-	O
PCR	O
)	O
was	O
developed	O
for	O
simultaneous	O
detection	O
of	O
four	O
RNA	O
viruses	B-SPEC
in	O
swine	B-SPEC
.	O

SI	O
-	O
ALI	O
model	O
rats	B-SPEC
had	O
a	O
high	O
mortality	O
rate	O
and	O
severe	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
with	O
proinflammatory	O
,	O
procoagulant	O
,	O
and	O
pro	B-CHED
-	O
fibrotic	O
changes	O
.	O

Three	O
and	O
7	O
-	O
day	O
MP	O
treatments	O
significantly	O
attenuated	O
this	O
process	O
,	O
which	O
was	O
reflected	O
by	O
a	O
reduction	O
in	O
pro	B-CHED
-	O
fibrotic	O
chemokine	O
levels	O
.	O

Plasma	B-ANAT
samples	O
from	O
the	O
HD	O
patients	O
and	O
medical	O
staff	O
were	O
collected	O
at	O
the	O
time	O
of	O
isolation	O
(	O
M0	O
),	O
the	O
following	O
month	O
(	O
M1	O
),	O
and	O
three	O
months	O
after	O
isolation	O
(	O
M3	O
).	O

Parameters	O
for	O
stress	O
included	O
circulating	O
cell	B-COMP
-	O
free	O
genomic	O
DNA	O
(	O
ccf	B-DISO
-	O
gDNA	O
),	O
circulating	O
cell	B-COMP
-	O
free	O
mitochondria	B-COMP
DNA	O
(	O
ccf	B-DISO
-	O
mtDNA	B-COMP
),	O
and	O
pentraxin	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
3	I-PRGE
(	O
PTX	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
3	I-PRGE
).	O

Mice	B-SPEC
were	O
euthanized	O
on	O
Day	O
7	O
after	O
the	O
second	O
immunization	O
.	O

Then	O
,	O
retroorbital	B-ANAT
bleeding	B-DISO
was	O
carried	O
out	O
and	O
the	O
chest	B-ANAT
was	O
rapidly	O
opened	O
to	O
collect	O
the	O
trachea	B-DISO
and	O
tissues	B-ANAT
from	O
both	O
lungs	B-ANAT
for	O
testing	O
.	O

CpG	O
ODN	O
significantly	O
improved	O
the	O
pathologic	O
impairment	O
in	O
mice	B-SPEC
lung	B-ANAT
,	O
especially	O
after	O
the	O
intranasal	O
administration	O
of	O
50	O
μg	O
.	O

In	O
contrast	O
,	O
the	O
nasal	B-ANAT
and	O
rectal	O
administration	O
of	O
CpG	O
ODN	O
in	O
BALB	O
/	O
c	O
mice	B-SPEC
before	O
LPS	B-DISO
immunization	O
did	O
not	O
appear	O
to	O
exhibit	O
any	O
significant	O
protective	O
effects	O
.	O

The	O
intranasal	O
administration	O
of	O
CpG	B-PRGE
ODN	I-PRGE
may	O
be	O
a	O
potential	O
treatment	O
approach	O
to	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

At	O
the	O
nadir	O
of	O
illness	O
,	O
the	O
most	O
frequent	O
diagnosis	O
in	O
H	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
influenzae	I-SPEC
-	O
related	O
cases	O
was	O
""""	O
pure	B-FUNC
FS	O
""""	O
without	O
limb	B-DISO
weakness	I-DISO
or	O
central	B-ANAT
nervous	I-ANAT
system	I-ANAT
involvement	O
(	O
71	O
%),	O
in	O
C	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
jejuni	I-SPEC
-	O
related	O
cases	O
""""	O
incomplete	O
FS	O
""""	O
such	O
as	O
acute	O
ophthalmoparesis	B-DISO
with	O
or	O
without	O
ataxia	B-DISO
(	O
60	O
%),	O
and	O
in	O
CMV	B-SPEC
-	O
related	O
cases	O
(	O
50	O
%)	O
advanced	O
conditions	O
such	O
as	O
GBS	B-DISO
overlap	O
and	O
Bickerstaff	B-DISO
brainstem	I-DISO
encephalitis	I-DISO
.	O

Pregnant	O
sows	O
were	O
primed	O
orally	B-ANAT
with	O
an	O
S	O
DEL5	O
/	O
ORF3	O
live	O
vaccine	O
and	O
boosted	O
intramuscularly	O
twice	O
with	O
a	O
commercial	O
killed	O
vaccine	O
at	O
2	O
-	O
week	O
intervals	O
prior	O
to	O
parturition	B-PROC
.	O

In	O
addition	O
,	O
despite	O
a	O
2	O
-	O
3	O
day	O
period	O
of	O
weight	O
loss	O
in	O
piglets	O
from	O
vaccinated	O
sows	O
after	O
challenge	O
,	O
their	O
daily	O
weight	O
gain	O
was	O
recovered	O
at	O
7	O
days	O
post	O
-	O
challenge	O
and	O
became	O
similar	O
to	O
that	O
of	O
unchallenged	O
pigs	B-SPEC
from	O
unvaccinated	O
sows	O
over	O
the	O
course	O
of	O
the	O
experiment	O
.	O

A	O
series	O
of	O
studies	O
have	O
shown	O
that	O
25HC	O
activity	O
in	O
hosts	B-COMP
plays	O
a	O
vital	O
role	O
in	O
inhibiting	O
viral	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
.	O

Our	O
results	O
showed	O
that	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
downregulated	O
the	O
expression	B-PROC
of	O
CH25H	O
in	O
Vero	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
.	O

In	O
addition	O
,	O
CH25H	O
and	O
25HC	O
inhibited	O
the	O
replication	O
of	O
porcine	B-DISO
transmissible	I-DISO
gastroenteritis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
).	O

Interestingly	O
,	O
careful	O
literature	O
analysis	O
shows	O
that	O
viruses	B-SPEC
indeed	O
bind	B-FUNC
to	O
the	O
cell	B-COMP
surface	I-COMP
via	O
sialic	B-CHED
acids	I-CHED
,	O
but	O
there	O
is	O
no	O
solid	O
data	O
that	O
these	O
moieties	O
mediate	O
virus	B-SPEC
entry	O
.	O

CRCoV	O
and	O
BCoV	O
appear	O
to	O
employ	O
human	B-PRGE
leukocyte	B-ANAT
antigen	B-CHED
class	B-SPEC
I	I-PRGE
(	O
HLA	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
)	O
as	O
the	O
entry	O
receptor	O
.	O

Summarizing	O
,	O
we	O
delineated	O
early	O
events	O
during	O
CRCoV	O
,	O
BCoV	O
,	O
and	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
OC43	I-SPEC
entry	O
and	O
systematically	O
studied	O
the	O
attachment	O
and	O
entry	O
receptor	O
utilized	O
by	O
these	O
viruses	B-SPEC
.	O

However	O
,	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
wild	O
animals	B-SPEC
and	O
daily	O
dung	B-ANAT
removal	O
were	O
negatively	O
associated	O
with	O
seroprevalence	O
.	O

The	O
results	O
support	O
previous	O
findings	O
that	O
public	O
health	O
emergencies	O
due	O
to	O
traveler	O
-	O
associated	O
outbreaks	O
of	O
infectious	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
can	O
cause	O
significant	O
losses	O
to	O
the	O
broader	O
economies	O
of	O
affected	O
countries	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
StatPearls	O
ABSTRACT	O
:	O
In	O
Curtis	O
Lester	O
Mendelson	O
’	O
s	O
original	O
1946	O
description	O
of	O
his	O
namesake	O
syndrome	B-DISO
,	O
a	O
chemical	B-DISO
pneumonitis	I-DISO
was	O
described	O
in	O
young	O
and	O
healthy	O
obstetrical	O
patients	O
following	O
aspiration	B-DISO
of	O
gastric	B-ANAT
acid	I-ANAT
under	O
anesthesia	B-DISO
.[	O
1	O
]	O
In	O
the	O
case	O
series	O
by	O
Mendelson	O
,	O
66	O
obstetrical	O
patients	O
under	O
anesthesia	B-DISO
with	O
ether	B-CHED
aspirated	B-DISO
gastric	B-ANAT
contents	I-ANAT
.	O

Pregnant	O
women	O
are	O
treated	O
as	O
though	O
they	O
have	O
a	O
“	O
full	O
stomach	O
”	O
regardless	O
of	O
their	O
last	O
meal	O
,	O
and	O
inhalational	O
anesthesia	B-DISO
without	O
intubation	O
is	O
strictly	O
avoided	O
.	O

Care	O
has	O
also	O
improved	O
by	O
advances	O
in	O
difficult	O
airway	B-ANAT
management	O
devices	O
including	O
video	O
laryngoscopes	O
,	O
endotracheal	O
tube	O
introducers	O
,	O
optical	O
stylets	O
,	O
and	O
flexible	O
endoscopes	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
A	O
viral	O
metagenomic	O
survey	O
identifies	O
known	O
and	O
novel	O
mammalian	B-SPEC
viruses	B-SPEC
in	O
bats	B-SPEC
from	O
Saudi	O
Arabia	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
since	O
it	O
shared	O
homology	O
with	O
Hepeviridae	B-SPEC
and	O
Astroviridae	B-SPEC
at	O
ORF1	O
and	O
in	O
ORF2	O
,	O
respectively	O
,	O
the	O
newly	O
discovered	O
Hepe	O
-	O
Astrovirus	O
may	O
represent	O
a	O
phylogenetic	O
bridge	O
between	O
Hepeviridae	B-SPEC
and	O
Astroviridae	B-SPEC
.	O

Machine	O
learning	B-PROC
algorithms	O
can	O
be	O
used	O
to	O
generate	O
dynamic	O
prediction	O
after	O
injury	O
while	O
avoiding	O
the	O
risk	O
of	O
over	O
-	O
and	O
under	O
-	O
fitting	B-DISO
inherent	O
in	O
ad	O
hoc	O
statistical	O
approaches	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Analysis	O
of	O
long	O
non	O
-	O
coding	O
RNAs	O
in	O
neonatal	O
piglets	O
at	O
different	O
stages	O
of	O
porcine	B-SPEC
deltacoronavirus	O
infection	O
.	O

We	O
obtained	O
expression	B-PROC
data	O
of	O
miRNAs	O
,	O
lncRNAs	O
and	O
mRNAs	O
during	O
PDCoV	O
infection	B-DISO
and	O
constructed	O
and	O
investigated	O
an	O
interaction	O
network	O
.	O

This	O
study	O
is	O
the	O
first	O
to	O
examine	O
differentially	O
expressed	B-PROC
lncRNAs	O
after	O
PDCoV	O
infection	B-DISO
of	O
piglets	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Infectious	O
coryza	B-DISO
is	O
a	O
severe	O
respiratory	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
of	O
chickens	B-SPEC
associated	O
with	O
large	O
economic	O
losses	O
in	O
affected	O
commercial	O
flocks	O
.	O

Patients	O
with	O
identified	O
viruses	B-SPEC
had	O
significantly	O
lower	O
rates	O
for	O
ICU	O
admission	O
,	O
hospital	O
stay	O
,	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
,	O
and	O
overall	O
mortality	O
than	O
those	O
without	O
identified	O
viruses	B-SPEC
.	O

Viral	O
pathogens	O
were	O
encountered	O
in	O
one	O
-	O
third	O
of	O
hospitalized	O
adult	O
and	O
pediatric	O
Egyptian	O
patients	O
with	O
SARI	O
,	O
while	O
atypical	O
bacteria	B-SPEC
had	O
a	O
minor	O
role	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Delayed	O
retroperitoneal	B-ANAT
hemorrhage	B-DISO
during	O
veno	O
-	O
venous	B-ANAT
extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenation	B-PROC
:	O
a	O
case	O
report	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
There	O
are	O
several	O
reports	O
of	O
retroperitoneal	O
hemorrhage	B-DISO
induced	O
by	O
percutaneous	O
femoral	B-ANAT
cannulation	O
for	O
extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenation	B-PROC
(	O
ECMO	O
).	O

It	O
has	O
been	O
associated	O
with	O
a	O
multitude	O
of	O
activities	O
over	O
time	O
;	O
most	O
recently	O
recreational	O
water	B-CHED
-	O
based	O
activities	O
including	O
'	O
mud	O
-	O
runs	O
'	O
in	O
endemic	O
areas	O
have	O
been	O
added	O
to	O
the	O
list	O
of	O
routes	O
of	O
exposure	O
.	O

The	O
important	O
factors	O
impelling	O
the	O
recovery	O
are	O
found	O
using	O
machine	O
learning	B-PROC
.	O

Recent	O
studies	O
suggested	O
that	O
there	O
were	O
limited	O
insight	O
available	O
on	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
novel	O
therapeutic	O
strategies	O
to	O
induce	O
immunity	B-PROC
against	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
.	O

Whether	O
the	O
global	O
health	O
system	O
as	O
currently	O
constituted	O
can	O
provide	O
effective	O
protection	O
against	O
a	O
dynamic	O
array	O
of	O
infectious	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
threats	O
has	O
been	O
called	O
into	O
question	O
by	O
recent	O
outbreaks	O
of	O
Ebola	O
,	O
Zika	O
,	O
dengue	B-DISO
,	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	B-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
,	I-DISO
severe	I-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
influenza	B-DISO
and	O
by	O
the	O
looming	O
threat	O
of	O
rising	O
antimicrobial	B-CHED
resistance	B-PROC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Human	B-SPEC
coronaviruses	O
(	O
hCoV	O
)	O
usually	O
cause	O
mild	O
to	O
moderate	O
upper	B-ANAT
respiratory	I-ANAT
tract	I-ANAT
illnesses	O
.	O

PHC	O
physicians	O
'	O
knowledge	O
about	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
differed	O
significantly	O
according	O
to	O
their	O
nationality	O
(	O
There	O
are	O
knowledge	O
gaps	O
among	O
PHC	O
physicians	O
in	O
Abha	O
city	O
,	O
and	O
their	O
practice	O
is	O
suboptimal	O
regarding	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

These	O
infections	B-DISO
with	O
epidemic	O
or	O
pandemic	O
potential	O
present	O
a	O
persistent	O
threat	O
to	O
public	O
health	O
and	O
a	O
huge	O
burden	O
on	O
healthcare	O
services	O
in	O
the	O
Asia	O
-	O
Pacific	O
region	O
.	O

Survival	O
in	O
ALI	O
patients	O
appear	O
to	O
be	O
influenced	O
by	O
the	O
stress	O
generated	O
by	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
and	O
by	O
ALI	O
-	O
associated	O
factors	O
that	O
initiate	O
the	O
inflammatory	B-DISO
response	I-DISO
.	O

Mice	B-SPEC
were	O
exposed	O
intranasally	O
to	O
FF	O
or	O
UFP	O
according	O
to	O
acute	O
(	O
10	O
,	O
50	O
or	O
100	O
µg	O
of	O
PM	O
)	O
and	O
repeated	O
(	O
10	O
µg	O
of	O
PM	O
3	O
times	O
a	O
week	O
during	O
1	O
or	O
3	O
months	O
)	O
exposure	O
protocols	O
.	O

The	O
positive	O
rates	O
for	O
65	O
clinical	O
samples	O
using	O
the	O
new	O
RT	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
PSR	I-PRGE
assay	O
and	O
the	O
conventional	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
assay	O
were	O
58	O
.	O
46	O
%	O
(	O
38	O
/	O
65	O
)	O
and	O
53	O
.	O
84	O
%	O
(	O
35	O
/	O
65	O
),	O
respectively	O
.	O

In	O
the	O
RT	O
-	O
PSR	O
assay	O
,	O
the	O
addition	O
of	O
a	O
mixture	B-CHED
of	O
dyes	B-PROC
allowed	O
a	O
positive	O
reaction	O
to	O
be	O
directly	O
observed	O
by	O
the	O
naked	O
eye	B-ANAT
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
The	O
RT	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
PSR	I-PRGE
was	O
optimized	O
,	O
and	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
could	O
be	O
detected	O
after	O
a	O
50	O
min	O
incubation	O
at	O
62	O
°	O
C	O
,	O
in	O
addition	O
to	O
the	O
15	O
min	O
required	O
for	O
reverse	B-PROC
transcription	I-PROC
.	O

Here	O
,	O
we	O
describe	O
an	O
improved	O
procedure	O
of	O
affinity	O
selection	O
against	O
crude	O
or	O
non	O
-	O
purified	O
antigen	B-CHED
by	O
saturation	O
of	O
non	O
-	O
binders	O
with	O
blocking	B-DISO
agents	O
to	O
promote	O
positive	O
binder	O
enrichment	O
termed	O
as	O
Yin	O
-	O
Yang	O
panning	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
A	O
pan	B-ANAT
-	I-PRGE
coronavirus	B-SPEC
fusion	I-PRGE
inhibitor	B-CHED
targeting	B-PROC
the	O
HR1	B-PRGE
domain	I-PRGE
of	O
human	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
spike	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Continuously	O
emerging	O
highly	O
pathogenic	O
human	O
coronaviruses	O
(	O
HCoVs	O
)	O
remain	O
a	O
major	O
threat	O
to	O
human	B-SPEC
health	O
,	O
as	O
illustrated	O
in	O
past	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
and	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
outbreaks	O
.	O

Here	O
,	O
we	O
found	O
that	O
peptide	B-CHED
OC43	O
-	O
HR2P	O
,	O
derived	O
from	O
the	O
HR2	O
domain	O
of	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
OC43	I-SPEC
,	O
exhibited	O
broad	O
fusion	O
inhibitory	O
activity	O
against	O
multiple	O
HCoVs	O
.	O

EK1	B-PRGE
,	O
the	O
optimized	O
form	O
of	O
OC43	O
-	O
HR2P	O
,	O
showed	O
substantially	O
improved	O
pan	B-COMP
-	O
CoV	O
fusion	O
inhibitory	O
activity	O
and	O
pharmaceutical	B-CHED
properties	O
.	O

Crystal	B-ANAT
structures	O
indicated	O
that	O
EK1	B-PRGE
can	O
form	O
a	O
stable	O
six	O
-	O
helix	O
bundle	O
structure	O
with	O
both	O
short	O
α	O
-	O
HCoV	O
and	O
long	O
β	O
-	O
HCoV	O
HR1s	O
,	O
further	O
supporting	O
the	O
role	O
of	O
HR1	O
region	O
as	O
a	O
viable	O
pan	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
target	O
site	O
.	O

These	O
results	O
suggest	O
that	O
the	O
Microminipig	O
is	O
a	O
good	O
small	O
animal	B-SPEC
model	O
for	O
PED	B-PRGE
,	O
which	O
may	O
contribute	O
to	O
a	O
better	O
understanding	O
of	O
the	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
of	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Porcine	O
deltacoronavirus	O
(	O
PDCoV	O
)	O
is	O
a	O
novel	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
that	O
can	O
cause	O
diarrhea	B-DISO
in	O
nursing	B-PROC
piglets	O
.	O

Therefore	O
,	O
it	O
can	O
be	O
preliminarily	O
concluded	O
that	O
PPAR	B-PRGE
differential	O
expression	B-PROC
caused	O
by	O
PDCoV	O
was	O
mostly	O
associated	O
with	O
weight	O
loss	O
and	O
death	B-PROC
from	O
emaciation	B-DISO
.	O

We	O
also	O
examined	O
the	O
representation	O
of	O
major	O
etiologies	O
for	O
ARDS	B-DISO
across	O
the	O
Berlin	O
definition	O
classifications	O
.	O

Many	O
of	O
the	O
emerging	O
pathogens	O
are	O
zoonoses	B-DISO
and	O
,	O
as	O
such	O
,	O
there	O
is	O
scope	O
for	O
intervention	O
at	O
the	O
animal	B-SPEC
/	O
insect	B-SPEC
/	O
environmental	O
reservoir	O
.	O

We	O
report	O
a	O
suicide	O
case	O
after	O
inhalation	O
of	O
a	O
pyrethrins	B-CHED
containing	O
insecticide	B-CHED
spray	O
.	O

Bats	B-SPEC
are	O
reservoirs	O
for	O
a	O
high	O
diversity	O
of	O
coronaviruses	O
,	O
and	O
focused	O
surveillance	O
detected	O
several	O
strains	O
genetically	O
similar	O
to	O
MERS	O
-	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
,	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
,	O
and	O
the	O
human	B-SPEC
coronaviruses	O
229E	O
and	O
NL63	O
.	O

Monocytes	B-ANAT
of	O
QFS	O
patients	O
produced	O
significantly	O
less	O
TNF	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
α	I-PRGE
(	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
032	O
),	O
IL	O
-	O
1β	O
(	O
0	O
.	O
004	O
,	O
0	O
.	O
024	O
,	O
and	O
0	O
.	O
008	O
),	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
6	I-FUNC
(	O
0	O
.	O
043	O
),	O
RANTES	O
(	O
0	O
.	O
033	O
),	O
IP	O
-	O
10	O
(	O
0	O
.	O
049	O
),	O
MCP	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
(	O
0	O
.	O
022	O
),	O
IL	O
-	O
13	O
(	O
0	O
.	O
029	O
),	O
and	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
10	I-FUNC
(	O
0	O
.	O
026	O
)	O
than	O
healthy	O
controls	O
when	O
stimulated	O
with	O
various	O
ligands	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Camel	O
contact	O
is	O
a	O
recognized	O
risk	O
factor	O
for	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

On	O
multivariable	O
analyses	O
,	O
working	O
as	O
a	O
camel	B-SPEC
salesman	O
,	O
handling	O
live	O
camels	B-SPEC
or	O
their	O
waste	O
,	O
and	O
having	O
diabetes	B-DISO
were	O
associated	O
with	O
seropositivity	O
among	O
all	O
workers	O
,	O
whereas	O
handling	O
live	O
camels	O
and	O
either	O
administering	O
medications	O
or	O
cleaning	O
equipment	O
was	O
associated	O
with	O
seropositivity	O
among	O
market	O
workers	O
.	O

After	O
ruling	O
out	O
other	O
causes	O
,	O
the	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
gabapentin	B-CHED
withdrawal	B-DISO
was	O
considered	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Although	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
diagnostic	O
delays	O
remain	O
a	O
major	O
challenge	O
in	O
health	O
systems	O
,	O
the	O
source	O
of	O
delays	O
has	O
not	O
been	O
recognized	O
in	O
the	O
literature	O
.	O

The	O
emergency	B-DISO
management	O
program	O
ensures	O
quality	O
and	O
continuous	O
improvement	O
through	O
its	O
certification	O
in	O
International	O
Organization	O
for	O
Standardization	O
(	O
ISO	B-SPEC
)	O
9001	O
and	O
structured	O
review	O
processes	O
.	O

The	O
patient	O
was	O
diagnosed	O
as	O
tension	B-DISO
pneumothorax	I-DISO
complicated	O
by	O
TTS	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
the	O
patient	O
further	O
underwent	O
ligation	O
bullectomy	O
for	O
persistent	O
air	B-DISO
leakage	I-DISO
2	O
weeks	O
later	O
.	O

The	O
most	O
common	O
viruses	B-SPEC
detected	O
were	O
human	B-SPEC
rhinovirus	I-SPEC
,	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
,	O
parainfluenza	B-DISO
viruses	B-SPEC
,	O
influenzavirus	B-SPEC
,	O
respiratory	B-SPEC
syncytial	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
,	O
and	O
human	B-SPEC
metapneumovirus	I-SPEC
.	O

Interpretation	O
of	O
molecular	O
diagnostic	O
assays	O
for	O
viruses	B-SPEC
must	O
be	O
informed	O
by	O
understanding	O
of	O
local	O
rates	O
of	O
asymptomatic	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
by	O
such	O
viruses	B-SPEC
.	O

Our	O
study	O
aims	O
to	O
explore	O
the	O
epidemiology	O
and	O
risk	O
factors	O
affecting	O
outcomes	O
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
patients	O
and	O
provide	O
a	O
theoretical	O
basis	O
for	O
patients	O
'	O
prognosis	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Protection	O
conferred	O
by	O
a	O
vaccine	O
derived	O
from	O
an	O
inactivated	O
Egyptian	O
variant	O
of	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	O
virus	B-SPEC
:	O
a	O
challenge	O
experiment	O
.	O

Canine	B-SPEC
adenovirus	I-SPEC
,	O
canine	B-SPEC
distemper	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
,	O
canine	B-SPEC
parainfluenza	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
,	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
,	O
influenza	B-SPEC
A	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
H3N2	B-CHED
and	O
H3N8	O
),	O
Bordetella	B-SPEC
bronchiseptica	I-SPEC
,	O
M	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
canis	I-SPEC
,	O
M	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
cynos	I-SPEC
and	O
Streptococcus	O
equi	O
subsp	O
.	O

Results	O
showed	O
low	O
occurrence	O
of	O
classical	O
CIRD	O
agents	O
such	O
as	O
B	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
bronchiseptica	I-SPEC
,	O
canine	B-SPEC
adenovirus	I-SPEC
and	O
distemper	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
,	O
while	O
highlighting	O
the	O
potential	O
role	O
of	O
emerging	O
bacteria	B-SPEC
such	O
as	O
M	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
canis	I-SPEC
and	O
M	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
cynos	I-SPEC
.	O

This	O
study	O
provides	O
new	O
insights	O
into	O
the	O
current	O
understanding	O
of	O
the	O
prevalence	O
and	O
role	O
of	O
co	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
infections	I-DISO
with	O
selected	O
viruses	B-SPEC
and	O
bacteria	B-SPEC
in	O
the	O
etiology	O
of	O
CIRD	O
,	O
while	O
underscoring	O
the	O
importance	O
of	O
molecular	O
diagnosis	O
and	O
vaccination	O
against	O
this	O
disease	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Lack	O
of	O
Middle	O
East	O
Respiratory	O
Syndrome	B-DISO
Coronavirus	B-SPEC
Transmission	O
in	O
Rabbits	B-SPEC
.	O

In	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
we	O
used	O
rabbits	B-SPEC
to	O
further	O
characterize	O
the	O
transmission	O
potential	O
of	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
.	O
In	O
line	O
with	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
MERS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
receptor	I-PRGE
in	O
the	O
rabbit	B-SPEC
nasal	B-ANAT
epithelium	I-ANAT
,	O
high	O
levels	O
of	O
viral	O
RNA	O
were	O
shed	O
from	O
the	O
nose	B-ANAT
following	O
virus	B-SPEC
inoculation	O
.	O

As	O
a	O
result	O
of	O
VPS36	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
ORF3	I-PRGE
interaction	O
,	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
replication	O
was	O
substantially	O
suppressed	O
in	O
cells	B-COMP
overexpressing	O
VPS36	B-PRGE
.	O

MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
causes	O
an	O
acute	O
lower	O
-	O
respiratory	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
in	O
humans	B-SPEC
,	O
with	O
a	O
fatality	O
rate	O
of	O
~	O
35	O
.	O
5	O
%.	O

To	O
develop	O
a	O
simple	O
,	O
rapid	O
,	O
accurate	O
,	O
and	O
high	O
-	O
throughput	O
detection	O
method	O
for	O
diagnosis	O
and	O
differential	O
diagnosis	O
on	O
swine	B-SPEC
enteric	O
coronaviruses	O
,	O
specific	O
primers	O
and	O
probes	O
were	O
designed	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
highly	O
conserved	O
regions	O
of	O
transmissible	O
gastroenteritis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
)	O
N	O
,	O
porcine	B-SPEC
epidemic	I-SPEC
diarrhea	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
)	O
M	O
,	O
porcine	B-SPEC
deltacoronavirus	O
(	O
PDCoV	O
)	O
M	O
,	O
and	O
porcine	B-SPEC
enteric	O
alphacoronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
PEAV	O
)	O
N	O
genes	O
respectively	O
.	O

Our	O
previous	O
study	O
demonstrated	O
that	O
the	O
vasoactive	B-PRGE
intestinal	I-PRGE
peptide	B-PRGE
(	I-PRGE
VIP	B-CHED
)	I-PRGE
is	O
mediated	O
by	O
lentivirus	B-SPEC
attenuates	O
lipopolysaccharide	B-CHED
(	O
LPS	B-DISO
)-	O
induced	O
ARDS	B-DISO
in	O
a	O
murine	B-SPEC
model	O
,	O
and	O
VIP	B-PRGE
inhibits	O
the	O
release	B-PATH
of	O
interleukin	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
17A	I-PRGE
(	O
IL	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
17A	I-PRGE
)	O
from	O
activation	O
macrophages	B-ANAT
.	O

Furthermore	O
,	O
we	O
found	O
that	O
VIP	B-PRGE
inhibited	O
the	O
expression	B-PROC
of	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
17R	I-FUNC
in	O
the	O
lungs	B-ANAT
of	O
mice	B-SPEC
with	O
ARDS	B-DISO
and	O
NIH3T3	O
cells	B-COMP
stimulated	O
with	O
LPS	B-DISO
,	O
which	O
was	O
partly	O
inhibited	O
by	O
antagonists	B-CHED
of	O
protein	B-PRGE
kinase	I-PRGE
A	I-PRGE
and	O
protein	B-PRGE
kinase	I-PRGE
C	I-PRGE
.	O
Taken	O
together	O
,	O
our	O
results	O
demonstrated	O
that	O
VIP	B-PRGE
inhibited	O
the	O
activation	O
of	O
fibroblast	B-ANAT
via	O
downregulation	B-PROC
of	O
IL	O
-	O
17RC	O
,	O
which	O
may	O
contribute	O
to	O
the	O
protective	O
effects	O
of	O
VIP	O
against	O
ARDS	B-DISO
in	O
mice	B-SPEC
.	O

(	O
Gene	O
Ontology	O
)	O
GO	O
annotation	O
and	O
functional	O
enrichment	O
analysis	O
indicated	O
that	O
all	O
of	O
the	O
DEGs	O
(	O
differentially	O
expressed	O
genes	O
)	O
were	O
annotated	O
into	O
biological	B-PROC
process	I-PROC
,	O
cellular	B-COMP
component	I-COMP
and	O
molecular	B-FUNC
function	I-FUNC
.	O

Most	O
of	O
these	O
unigenes	O
are	O
annotated	O
were	O
related	O
to	O
immune	B-ANAT
system	I-ANAT
response	O
to	O
the	O
infectious	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
pathways	B-PROC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Veno	O
-	O
venous	B-ANAT
extracorporeal	O
life	O
support	O
for	O
blastomycosis	B-DISO
-	O
associated	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

In	O
two	O
patients	O
,	O
long	O
-	O
term	O
functional	O
and	O
neuropsychological	O
outcomes	O
showed	O
similar	O
limitations	O
to	O
what	O
is	O
seen	O
in	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
patients	O
who	O
are	O
not	O
supported	O
with	O
extracorporeal	O
life	O
support	O
and	O
in	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
patients	O
without	O
blastomycosis	B-DISO
,	O
but	O
worse	O
pulmonary	B-PROC
function	I-PROC
outcomes	O
in	O
the	O
form	O
of	O
obstructive	O
and	O
restrictive	O
changes	O
that	O
correlated	O
with	O
the	O
radiological	O
imaging	O
.	O

Although	O
there	O
has	O
been	O
extensive	O
research	O
on	O
the	O
S1	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
of	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
,	O
little	O
is	O
known	O
about	O
the	O
intracellular	B-COMP
role	O
of	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
-	O
S1	O
.	O

In	O
addition	O
,	O
we	O
also	O
found	O
that	O
p38	B-PRGE
MAPK	B-FUNC
and	O
SAPK	B-FUNC
/	O
JNK	B-FUNC
were	O
activated	O
in	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
-	O
infected	O
Vero	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
.	O

However	O
,	O
some	O
high	O
-	O
risk	O
patients	O
with	O
a	O
very	O
advanced	O
disease	O
develop	O
choriocarcinoma	B-DISO
syndrome	B-DISO
(	O
CS	O
)	O
connected	O
with	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
with	O
poor	O
prognosis	O
and	O
high	O
mortality	O
rate	O
shortly	O
after	O
beginning	O
systemic	O
chemotherapy	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Synthesis	B-PROC
of	O
the	O
negative	O
-	O
strand	O
((-)-	O
strand	O
)	O
counterpart	O
is	O
the	O
first	O
step	O
of	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
CoV	O
)	O
replication	O
;	O
however	O
,	O
the	O
detailed	O
mechanism	O
of	O
the	O
early	O
event	O
and	O
the	O
factors	O
involved	O
remain	O
to	O
be	O
determined	O
.	O

Based	O
on	O
dissociation	B-DISO
constant	O
(	O
K	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
is	O
capable	O
of	O
inducing	O
a	O
storm	O
of	O
proinflammatory	O
cytokines	O
.	O

SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
and	O
its	O
ORF3a	O
protein	B-CHED
were	O
found	O
to	O
be	O
potent	O
activators	O
of	O
pro	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
IL	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
1β	I-PRGE
gene	B-PROC
transcription	I-PROC
and	O
protein	B-PROC
maturation	B-PROC
,	O
the	O
2	O
signals	O
required	O
for	O
activation	O
of	O
the	O
NLRP3	B-PRGE
inflammasome	I-PRGE
.	O

Taken	O
together	O
,	O
our	O
findings	O
reveal	O
a	O
new	O
mechanism	O
by	O
which	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
ORF3a	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
activates	O
NF	O
-	O
κB	O
and	O
the	O
NLRP3	B-PRGE
inflammasome	I-PRGE
by	O
promoting	O
TRAF3	B-PRGE
-	O
dependent	O
ubiquitination	B-PROC
of	O
p105	B-PRGE
and	O
ASC	O
.-	O
Siu	O
,	O
K	O
.-	O
L	O
.,	O
Yuen	O
,	O
K	O
.-	O
S	O
.,	O
Castaño	O
-	O
Rodriguez	O
,	O
C	O
.,	O
Ye	O
,	O
Z	O
.-	O
W	O
.,	O
Yeung	O
,	O
M	O
.-	O
L	O
.,	O
Fung	O
,	O
S	O
.-	O
Y	O
.,	O
Yuan	O
,	O
S	O
.,	O
Chan	O
,	O
C	O
.-	O
P	O
.,	O
Yuen	O
,	O
K	O
.-	O
Y	O
.,	O
Enjuanes	O
,	O
L	O
.,	O
Jin	O
,	O
D	O
.-	O
Y	O
.	O
Severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
ORF3a	O
protein	B-CHED
activates	O
the	O
NLRP3	B-PRGE
inflammasome	I-PRGE
by	O
promoting	O
TRAF3	B-PRGE
-	O
dependent	O
ubiquitination	B-PROC
of	O
ASC	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
determine	O
the	O
frequency	O
of	O
infections	O
caused	O
by	O
Influenza	B-SPEC
viruses	I-SPEC
,	O
i	O
.	O
e	O
.	O
Influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
(	O
H1N1	O
)	O
pdm09	O
,	O
Influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
(	O
H3N2	B-CHED
)	O
and	O
Influenza	B-DISO
B	O
in	O
patients	O
presenting	O
with	O
respiratory	B-DISO
tract	I-DISO
infections	I-DISO
,	O
i	O
.	O
e	O
.	O
influenza	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
like	I-DISO
illness	I-DISO
(	O
ILI	O
)	O
and	O
severe	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
illness	O
(	O
SARI	O
).	O

Multiplex	O
PCR	O
was	O
done	O
for	O
Influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
(	O
H1N1	O
)	O
pdm09	O
,	O
Influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
(	O
H3N2	B-CHED
)	O
and	O
Influenza	B-DISO
B	O
.	O
A	O
total	O
of	O
200	O
(	O
32	O
%)	O
samples	O
were	O
found	O
to	O
be	O
positive	O
for	O
Influenza	B-SPEC
viruses	I-SPEC
.	O

Commonest	O
Influenza	B-DISO
subtype	O
in	O
age	O
group	O
-	O
IV	O
was	O
H3N2	B-CHED
found	O
in	O
20	O
(	O
32	O
.	O
8	O
%)	O
patients	O
,	O
followed	O
by	O
H1N1	O
in	O
15	O
(	O
12	O
.	O
5	O
%)	O
patients	O
.	O

The	O
level	O
of	O
plasma	B-PRGE
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
6	I-FUNC
was	O
greater	O
in	O
higher	O
CCI	O
score	O
(≥	O
4	O
)	O
group	O
compared	O
with	O
lower	O
CCI	O
score	O
(<	O
4	O
)	O
group	O
(	O
Patients	O
with	O
a	O
higher	O
CCI	O
score	O
had	O
more	O
severe	O
symptoms	O
,	O
functional	O
impairment	B-DISO
and	O
higher	O
level	O
of	O
inflammatory	O
factors	O
and	O
high	O
frequency	O
of	O
hospital	O
admission	O
due	O
to	O
acute	O
exacerbation	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
The	O
top	O
five	O
comorbidities	O
were	O
hypertension	B-DISO
,	O
metabolic	B-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
and	O
diabetes	B-DISO
osteoporosis	B-DISO
,	O
bronchiectasis	B-DISO
and	O
peripheral	B-DISO
vascular	I-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
.	O

Furthermore	O
,	O
effective	O
vaccines	O
to	O
prevent	O
RSV	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
are	O
currently	O
unavailable	O
.	O

All	O
four	O
final	O
egg	B-ANAT
-	O
passaged	O
viruses	B-SPEC
were	O
attenuated	O

The	O
aim	O
of	O
the	O
study	O
was	O
to	O
identify	O
peptides	B-CHED
within	O
the	O
polyprotein	O
(	O
Pp	O
)	O
1	O
ab	O
that	O
are	O
differentially	O
recognised	O
by	O
cats	B-SPEC
with	O
either	O
enteric	O
or	O
systemic	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
following	O
infection	B-DISO
with	O
feline	B-SPEC
coronavirus	B-SPEC
.	O

Peptide	B-CHED
4934	O
reacted	O
equally	O
with	O
positive	O
sera	B-COMP
from	O
healthy	O
cats	B-SPEC
and	O
cats	B-SPEC
with	O
feline	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
peritonitis	I-DISO
(	O
FIP	B-DISO
),	O
while	O
peptide	B-CHED
16433	O
was	O
recognized	O
predominantly	O
by	O
FIP	B-DISO
-	O
affected	O
cats	B-SPEC
.	O

Patients	O
with	O
high	O
IAP	B-PRGE
have	O
shown	O
a	O
higher	O
mortality	O
frequency	O
,	O
compared	O
to	O
others	O
(	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
).	O

Patients	O
with	O
high	O
IAP	B-PRGE
have	O
shown	O
a	O
higher	O
mortality	O
frequency	O
,	O
compared	O
to	O
others	O
(	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Influenza	B-DISO
virus	I-SPEC
RNA	O
recovered	O
from	O
droplets	O
and	O
droplet	O
nuclei	B-CHED
emitted	O
by	O
adults	O
in	O
an	O
acute	O
care	O
setting	O
.	O

In	O
addition	O
,	O
healthcare	O
worker	O
participants	O
providing	O
care	O
to	O
infected	O
participants	O
were	O
recruited	O
to	O
wear	O
a	O
polytetrafluoroethylene	O
(	O
PTFE	B-CHED
)	O
filter	O
cassette	O
in	O
their	O
breathing	B-PROC
zones	O
.	O

Viral	O
RNA	O
was	O
recovered	O
in	O
droplet	O
nuclei	B-CHED
and	O
beyond	O
1	O
m	O
from	O
naturally	O
-	O
infected	O
participants	O
in	O
the	O
healthcare	O
setting	O
and	O
from	O
the	O
breathing	B-PROC
zone	O
of	O
one	O
healthcare	O
worker	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Introduction	O
:	O
The	O
clinical	O
course	O
of	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
viral	O
infections	O
was	O
not	O
sufficiently	O
studied	O
,	O
specially	O
the	O
state	O
of	O
oxidative	O
homeostasis	B-PROC
in	O
children	O
with	O
influenza	B-DISO
stomatitis	B-DISO
.	O

To	O
analyze	O
lipid	B-PROC
peroxidation	I-PROC
we	O
used	O
a	O
spectrophotometric	O
determination	O
of	O
diene	O
conjugates	O
.	O

Results	O
:	O
We	O
found	O
the	O
intensification	O
of	O
lipid	B-PROC
peroxidation	I-PROC
:	O
a	O
significant	O
increase	O
of	O
diene	O
conjugates	O
in	O
serum	B-COMP
up	O
to	O
13	O
.	O
78	O
%,	O
the	O
level	O
of	O
which	O
depended	O
on	O
the	O
severity	O
of	O
disease	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Role	O
of	O
disseminated	B-DISO
intravascular	I-DISO
coagulation	I-DISO
in	O
severe	B-DISO
sepsis	I-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Disseminated	B-DISO
intravascular	I-DISO
coagulation	I-DISO
(	O
DIC	B-DISO
)	O
associated	O
with	O
multiple	B-DISO
organ	I-DISO
dysfunction	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
MODS	B-DISO
)	O
plays	O
pivotal	O
roles	O
in	O
severe	B-DISO
sepsis	I-DISO
.	O

The	O
2018	O
Jeju	O
isolates	O
shared	O
96	O
.	O
7	O
%-	O
98	O
.	O
7	O
%	O
and	O
98	O
.	O
5	O
%-	O
99	O
.	O
4	O
%	O
identity	O
at	O
the	O
S	O
gene	O
and	O
whole	O
-	O
genome	O
levels	O
,	O
respectively	O
,	O
compared	O
to	O
global	O
G2b	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
strains	O
.	O

In	O
vivo	O
animal	B-SPEC
studies	O
showed	O
that	O
variant	O
strain	O
KNU	O
-	O
1807	O
had	O
decreased	O
virulence	B-PROC
in	O
suckling	O
piglets	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Approximately	O
half	O
of	O
the	O
reported	O
laboratory	O
-	O
confirmed	O
infections	O
of	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
have	O
occurred	O
in	O
healthcare	O
settings	O
,	O
and	O
healthcare	O
workers	O
constitute	O
over	O
one	O
third	O
of	O
all	O
secondary	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
.	O

Year	O
of	O
infection	B-DISO
(	O
2013	O
-	O
2018	O
)	O
and	O
having	O
no	O
comorbidities	O
were	O
independent	O
protective	O
factors	O
against	O
death	B-PROC
among	O
secondary	O
healthcare	O
workers	O
cases	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
many	O
conditions	O
,	O
including	O
cardiomyopathy	B-DISO
,	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
embolism	I-DISO
,	O
or	O
myocarditis	B-DISO
,	O
can	O
cause	O
an	O
elevation	O
in	O
serum	B-PRGE
troponin	I-PRGE
.	O

We	O
present	O
the	O
case	O
of	O
a	O
patient	O
who	O
presented	O
with	O
symptoms	O
consistent	O
with	O
viral	B-PATH
myocarditis	I-PATH
but	O
ultimately	O
was	O
found	O
to	O
have	O
severe	O
coronary	B-DISO
artery	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
(	O
CAD	B-DISO
).	O

A	O
33	O
-	O
year	O
-	O
old	O
Caucasian	O
male	O
with	O
no	O
cardiac	B-ANAT
risk	O
factors	O
other	O
than	O
a	O
five	O
-	O
pack	O
year	O
smoking	O
history	O
,	O
presented	O
with	O
progressively	O
worsening	O
upper	O
respiratory	B-DISO
symptoms	I-DISO
,	O
including	O
sore	B-DISO
throat	I-DISO
and	O
a	O
non	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
productive	I-DISO
cough	I-DISO
that	O
began	O
a	O
few	O
weeks	O
ago	O
.	O

A	O
transthoracic	O
echocardiogram	O
showed	O
wall	O
motion	O
abnormalities	O
with	O
low	O
-	O
normal	O
left	B-PROC
ventricular	I-PROC
ejection	I-PROC
fraction	O
.	O

A	O
coronary	B-ANAT
angiogram	O
showed	O
severe	O
CAD	B-DISO
and	O
he	O
underwent	O
staged	O
a	O
percutaneous	O
coronary	B-ANAT
intervention	O
with	O
the	O
resolution	O
of	O
symptoms	O
.	O

Noninvasive	O
ventilation	O
must	O
be	O
used	O
with	O
caution	O
in	O
ARDS	B-DISO
as	O
excessively	O
high	O
respiratory	O
drive	O
can	O
further	O
exacerbate	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
;	O
newer	O
modes	O
of	O
delivery	O
offer	O
promising	O
approaches	O
in	O
hypoxemic	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
.	O

Despite	O
a	O
disappointing	O
lack	O
of	O
benefit	O
(	O
and	O
possible	O
harm	O
)	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
moderate	O
or	O
severe	O
ARDS	B-DISO
,	O
possibly	O
due	O
to	O
lung	B-ANAT
hyperdistention	B-DISO
and	O
right	B-DISO
ventricular	I-DISO
dysfunction	I-DISO
,	O
high	O
-	O
frequency	O
oscillation	O
may	O
improve	O
outcome	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
very	O
severe	O
hypoxemia	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Extracorporeal	O
Strategies	O
in	O
Acute	B-DISO
Respiratory	I-DISO
Distress	I-DISO
Syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

VV	O
-	O
ECLS	O
can	O
be	O
configured	O
as	O
a	O
system	O
that	O
uses	O
higher	O
blood	B-PROC
flows	I-PROC
with	O
extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenation	B-PROC
(	O
VV	O
-	O
ECMO	O
)	O
or	O
as	O
one	O
that	O
uses	O
lower	O
blood	B-PROC
flows	I-PROC
for	O
extracorporeal	O
carbon	B-CHED
dioxide	I-CHED
removal	O
(	O
VV	O
-	O
ECCO	O

An	O
EriCoV	O
-	O
specific	O
BRYT	O
-	O
Green	O
®	O
real	O
-	O
time	O
reverse	B-PROC
transcription	I-PROC
PCR	O
assay	O
was	O
used	O
to	O
test	O
351	O
samples	O
of	O
faeces	B-ANAT
or	O
distal	O
large	O
intestinal	B-ANAT
tract	I-ANAT
contents	O
collected	O
from	O
casualty	O
or	O
dead	B-PROC
hedgehogs	B-SPEC
from	O
a	O
wide	O
area	O
across	O
GB	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Avian	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
bronchitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
IBV	B-SPEC
)	O
causes	O
considerable	O
economic	O
losses	O
in	O
the	O
poultry	O
industry	O
worldwide	O
,	O
including	O
Taiwan	O
.	O

Routine	O
laboratory	O
tests	O
and	O
cultures	O
cannot	O
confirm	O
many	O
tropical	O
infections	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
pathogen	O
directed	O
testing	O
is	O
typically	O
required	O
.	O

Throughout	O
the	O
study	O
period	O
the	O
overall	O
number	O
of	O
calls	O
did	O
not	O
vary	O
,	O
but	O
the	O
percentage	O
of	O
ECMO	O
retrievals	O
decreased	O
,	O
whereas	O
the	O
percentage	O
of	O
ARF	B-DISO
patients	O
from	O
peripheral	O
hospital	O
admitted	O
to	O
our	O
ECMO	O
center	O
on	O
conventional	O
ventilation	O
increased	O
.	O

Data	O
were	O
extracted	O
from	O
a	O
secondary	O
analysis	O
of	O
an	O
international	O
point	O
prevalence	O
study	O
of	O
pediatric	O
severe	B-DISO
sepsis	I-DISO
.	O

Pediatric	O
patients	O
with	O
postsurgical	O
sepsis	B-DISO
had	O
different	O
risk	O
factors	O
for	O
mortality	O
compared	O
with	O
medical	O
sepsis	B-DISO
.	O

Phylogenetic	O
analysis	O
using	O
amino	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
sequences	O
of	O
the	O
ORF	O
1ab	O
and	O
the	O
spike	O
gene	O
showed	O
that	O
the	O
bat	B-ENZY
coronavirus	B-SPEC
strain	O
16BO133	O
was	O
grouped	O
with	O
the	O
Beta	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
lineage	O
B	O
and	O
was	O
closely	O
related	O
to	O
the	O
JTMC15	O
strain	O
isolated	O
from	O
Rhinolophus	B-SPEC
ferrumequinum	I-SPEC
in	O
China	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
16BO133	O
was	O
distinctly	O
located	O
in	O
the	O
phylogenetic	O
topology	O
of	O
the	O
human	B-PRGE
SARS	B-DISO
CoV	I-PRGE
strain	O
(	O
Tor2	O
).	O

The	O
spike	O
region	O
of	O
16BO133	O
showed	O
84	O
.	O
7	O
%	O
and	O
75	O
.	O
2	O
%	O
amino	O
acid	O
identity	O
with	O
Rf1	B-PRGE
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
like	O
bat	B-ENZY
CoV	O
)	O
and	O
Tor2	B-PRGE
(	O
human	B-PRGE
SARS	B-DISO
CoV	I-PRGE
),	O
respectively	O
.	O

In	O
addition	O
,	O
the	O
S	B-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
of	O
16BO133	O
was	O
found	O
to	O
contain	O
the	O
amino	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
substitution	O
of	O
two	O
critical	O
residues	O
(	O
N479S	O
and	O
T487	O
V	O
)	O
associated	O
with	O
human	B-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
.	O

In	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
a	O
conserved	O
segment	O
containing	O
one	O
SNP	O
A4408C	O
of	O
parvovirus	B-DISO
was	O
used	O
for	O
real	O
-	O
time	O
PCR	O
amplification	B-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Bovine	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
BCoV	O
)	O
is	O
the	O
causative	O
agent	O
of	O
diarrhoea	B-DISO
in	O
newborn	O
calves	O
,	O
winter	B-DISO
dysentery	I-DISO
in	O
adult	O
cattle	B-SPEC
and	O
respiratory	B-ANAT
tract	I-ANAT
illnesses	O
in	O
cattle	B-SPEC
across	O
the	O
world	O
.	O

Our	O
results	O
showed	O
that	O
BCoV	O
is	O
widely	O
circulating	O
in	O
dairy	O
cattle	B-SPEC
in	O
China	O
,	O
contributing	O
to	O
the	O
diagnosis	O
and	O
control	O
of	O
dairy	O
calves	O
diarrhoea	B-DISO
.	O

Our	O
findings	O
will	O
enhance	O
current	O
understanding	O
about	O
the	O
genetic	O
evolution	B-PROC
of	O
BCoV	O
.	O

Accumulation	O
of	O
mutations	O
in	O
the	O
S	B-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
and	O
the	O
accessory	O
gene	B-PRGE
5a	I-PRGE
were	O
observed	O
,	O
suggesting	O
a	O
potential	O
role	O
in	O
the	O
loss	O
of	O
viral	O
pathogenicity	O
.	O

Embryo	B-ANAT
mortality	O
time	O
/	O
rate	O
showed	O
that	O
rYN	O
-	O
S	O
-	O
aYN	O
and	O
rYN	O
-	O
5a	O
-	O
aYN	O
had	O
an	O
attenuated	O
phenotype	O
in	O
ovo	B-SPEC
.	O

We	O
present	O
X	O
-	O
ray	B-SPEC
structures	O
for	O
the	O
CavV	B-PRGE
3C	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
like	I-PRGE
protease	I-PRGE
(	O
3CL	O

TITLE	O
:	O
A	O
Co	O
-	O
Occurrence	O
of	O
Serologically	O
Proven	O
Myasthenia	B-DISO
Gravis	I-DISO
and	O
Pharyngeal	B-ANAT
-	O
Cervical	B-ANAT
-	O
Brachial	O
Variant	O
of	O
Guillain	O
-	O
Barré	O
Syndrome	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
We	O
report	O
on	O
a	O
co	O
-	O
occurrence	O
case	O
of	O
ocular	B-DISO
myasthenia	I-DISO
gravis	I-DISO
with	O
exacerbation	O
leading	O
to	O
myasthenic	B-DISO
crisis	I-DISO
in	O
addition	O
to	O
pharyngeal	B-ANAT
-	O
cervical	B-ANAT
-	O
brachial	O
variant	O
of	O
Guillain	O
-	O
Barré	O
syndrome	B-DISO
in	O
a	O
patient	O
with	O
severe	O
oropharyngeal	B-DISO
dysphagia	I-DISO
and	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
.	O

In	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
42	O
male	O
rats	B-SPEC
were	O
divided	O
to	O
seven	O
groups	O
named	O
control	O
,	O
OA	O
,	O
ALA	B-CHED
,	O
VITE	O
,	O
VITC	O
,	O
LDMP	O
,	O
and	O
HDMP	O
.	O

OA	O
increased	O
MDA	O
level	O
in	O
lung	B-ANAT
tissue	I-ANAT
and	O
TNF	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
α	I-PRGE
and	O
IL	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
1β	I-PRGE
cytokine	I-PRGE
levels	O
in	O
serum	B-COMP
.	O

ALA	B-PRGE
,	O
VITE	O
,	O
VITC	O
,	O
and	O
both	O
dose	O
of	O
MP	O
significantly	O
decreased	O
the	O
cytokine	O
levels	O
.	O

Nasopharyngeal	B-ANAT
aspirate	I-ANAT
specimens	O
or	O
induced	B-ANAT
sputum	I-ANAT
were	O
tested	O
for	O
eight	O
categories	O
respiratory	O
viral	O
targets	O
.	O

IFV	B-SPEC
,	O
RSV	B-SPEC
,	O
HRV	O
,	O
and	O
ADV	O
accounted	O
for	O
more	O
than	O
two	O
-	O
thirds	O
of	O
all	O
viral	O
SALRTI	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Pathogenicity	O
of	O
a	O
GI	O
-	O
22	O
genotype	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
isolated	O
in	O
China	O
and	O
protection	O
against	O
it	O
afforded	O
by	O
GI	O
-	O
19	O
vaccine	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Avian	O
infectious	O
bronchitis	O
(	O
IB	O
)	O
is	O
a	O
globally	O
circulating	O
bird	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
caused	O
by	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
IBV	B-SPEC
).	O

In	O
China	O
,	O
the	O
most	O
prevalent	O
IBV	B-SPEC
genotype	O
is	O
GI	O
-	O
19	O
/	O
QX	O
-	O
like	O
because	O
the	O
protective	O
efficiency	O
of	O
the	O
classical	O
IBV	B-SPEC
vaccine	O
is	O
low	O
,	O
and	O
new	O
GI	O
-	O
19	O
vaccines	O
are	O
under	O
development	B-PROC
.	O

In	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
we	O
demonstrate	O
that	O
autophagosome	B-PROC
formation	I-PROC
and	O
apparent	O
autophagic	O
flux	O
are	O
induced	O
in	O
cells	B-COMP
infected	O
with	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
IBV	B-SPEC
)	O
-	O
a	O
gammacoronavirus	B-SPEC
.	O

Notably	O
,	O
IBV	B-SPEC
-	O
induced	O
autophagy	B-PROC
was	O
dependent	O
on	O
autophagy	B-PRGE
related	I-PRGE
5	I-PRGE
(	O
ATG5	B-PRGE
)	O
but	O
not	O
beclin1	B-PRGE
(	O
BECN1	B-PRGE
),	O
although	O
both	O
are	O
essential	O
proteins	B-CHED
in	O
the	O
canonical	O
autophagy	B-PROC
pathway	B-PROC
.	O

Finally	O
,	O
the	O
anti	O
-	O
apoptotic	O
extracellular	O
signal	O
-	O
regulated	O
kinase	O
1	O
/	O
2	O
(	O
ERK1	B-PRGE
/	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
)	O
also	O
contributed	O
to	O
IBV	B-SPEC
-	O
induced	O
autophagy	B-PROC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Occurrence	O
of	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
in	O
layer	B-ANAT
birds	B-SPEC
in	O
Plateau	O
state	O
,	O
north	O
central	O
Nigeria	O
.	O

In	O
addition	O
,	O
virus	B-SPEC
isolation	O
was	O
attempted	O
in	O
9	O
-	O
11	O
day	O
-	O
old	O
embryonating	O
chicken	B-SPEC
eggs	O
(	O
ECE	O
).	O

Besides	O
testing	O
for	O
Newcastle	B-SPEC
disease	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
NDV	B-SPEC
),	O
samples	O
were	O
screened	O
for	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
IBV	B-SPEC
)	O
and	O
avian	B-SPEC
influenza	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
AIV	O
)	O
by	O
RT	O
-	O
qPCR	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
by	O
non	O
-	O
directed	O
cell	B-COMP
-	O
culture	O
approach	O
on	O
LMH	O
-	O
cells	B-COMP
.	O

Carbon	B-CHED
dioxide	I-CHED
is	O
easily	O
removed	O
,	O
and	O
normal	O
PaCO2	O
is	O
easily	O
reached	O
.	O

The	O
normal	O
range	O
of	O
PaCO2	O
is	O
easy	O
to	O
reach	B-PROC
.	O

Venous	B-ANAT
-	O
venous	B-ANAT
-	O
ECMO	O
support	O
potentially	O
relieves	O
hypoxic	B-DISO
pulmonary	B-ANAT
vasoconstriction	B-DISO
.	O

Sawdust	O
-	O
based	O
cat	B-SPEC
litters	O
are	O
not	O
useful	O
in	O
FCoV	O
-	O
endemic	O
households	O
because	O
they	O
track	O
badly	O
and	O
have	O
a	O
poor	O
effect	O
on	O
virus	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
ADP	B-CHED
-	O
ribosylation	O
is	O
a	O
ubiquitous	O
post	O
-	O
translational	B-PROC
addition	O
of	O
either	O
monomers	O
or	O
polymers	B-CHED
of	O
ADP	B-CHED
-	O
ribose	B-CHED
to	O
target	O
proteins	B-CHED
by	O
ADP	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
ribosyltransferases	I-PRGE
,	O
usually	O
by	O
interferon	B-PRGE
-	O
inducible	O
diphtheria	B-PRGE
toxin	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
like	I-PRGE
enzymes	I-PRGE
known	O
as	O
PARPs	B-CHED
.	O

PARP14	B-PRGE
was	O
also	O
important	O
for	O
the	O
induction	O
of	O
interferon	B-PRGE
in	O
mouse	B-SPEC
and	O
human	B-SPEC
cells	B-COMP
,	O
indicating	O
a	O
critical	O
role	O
for	O
this	O
PARP	B-PRGE
in	O
the	O
regulation	B-PROC
of	O
innate	B-PROC
immunity	I-PROC
.	O

In	O
summary	O
,	O
these	O
data	O
demonstrate	O
that	O
the	O
macrodomain	O
is	O
required	O
to	O
prevent	O
PARP	B-PRGE
-	O
mediated	O
inhibition	B-PROC
of	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
replication	O
and	O
enhancement	O
of	O
interferon	B-PROC
production	I-PROC
.	O

Although	O
the	O
patient	O
died	B-PROC
of	O
MOF	B-DISO
triggered	O
by	O
severe	O
lung	B-DISO
fibrosis	I-DISO
at	O
last	O
,	O
the	O
successful	O
treatment	O
of	O
refractory	O
pneumothorax	B-DISO
by	O
combination	O
of	O
ECMO	O
with	O
VATS	O
is	O
encouraging	O
.	O

CASE	O
REPORT	O
We	O
report	O
the	O
case	O
of	O
a	O
22	O
-	O
year	O
-	O
old	O
gravid	O
2	O
Para	B-CHED
1	O
woman	O
who	O
presented	O
to	O
the	O
Emergency	B-DISO
Department	O
with	O
pyelonephritis	B-DISO
,	O
who	O
subsequently	O
developed	O
sepsis	B-DISO
that	O
progressed	O
to	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

Analyses	O
of	O
nucleotide	B-CHED
and	O
deduced	O
amino	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
sequences	O
showed	O
that	O
NB1	B-PRGE
differed	O
from	O
18	O
other	O
Korean	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
mostly	O
in	O
4	O
protein	B-CHED
coding	O
genes	O
:	O
ORF1a	O
,	O
ORF1b	O
,	O
S	O
,	O
and	O
N	O
.	O
Two	O
amino	B-PROC
acid	I-PROC
substitutions	I-PROC
(	O
V635E	O
and	O
Y681Q	O
)	O
in	O
the	O
COE	B-PRGE
and	I-PRGE
S1D	I-PRGE
neutralizing	I-PRGE
epitopes	I-PRGE
of	O
NB1	O
resulted	O
in	O
antigenic	O
index	O
alteration	O
of	O
the	O
adjacent	O
sites	O
,	O
one	O
of	O
which	O
contributed	O
to	O
a	O
mutation	O
that	O
escaped	O
neutralizing	O
antibodies	B-COMP
.	O

Currently	O
,	O
only	O
few	O
antiviral	B-CHED
agents	I-CHED
are	O
available	O
for	O
the	O
treatment	O
of	O
MERS	O
,	O
but	O
their	O
effects	O
have	O
been	O
greatly	O
impaired	B-DISO
by	O
low	O
antiviral	B-CHED
activity	O
,	O
poor	O
metabolic	B-PROC
stability	O
,	O
and	O
serious	O
adverse	B-DISO
effects	I-DISO
.	O

In	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
a	O
series	O
of	O
heptad	O
repeat	O
1	O
(	O
HR1	O
)	O
peptide	B-CHED
inhibitors	B-CHED
have	O
been	O
developed	O
to	O
inhibit	O
HR1	O
/	O
HR2	B-PRGE
-	O
mediated	O
membrane	B-PROC
fusion	I-PROC
between	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
and	O
host	B-COMP
cells	B-COMP
,	O
which	O
is	O
the	O
major	O
pathway	B-PROC
of	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
-	O
induced	O
host	B-COMP
infections	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
FORMATION	B-PROC
OF	O
EXCESSIVE	O
AMOUNT	O
OF	O
ENDOGENOUS	O
CARBON	B-CHED
MONOXIDE	I-CHED
AND	O
INCREASE	O
OF	O
CARBOXYLATED	O
HEMOGLOBIN	B-CHED
CONTENT	O
IN	O
PATIENTS	O
WITH	O
POLYTRAUMA	O
.	O

There	O
are	O
serious	O
conditions	O
for	O
increasing	O
the	O
production	O
of	O
endogenous	O
carbon	B-CHED
monoxide	I-CHED
(	O
CO	O
)	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
polytrauma	O
.	O

To	O
determine	O
the	O
relationship	O
between	O
the	O
severity	O
of	O
hemolysis	B-DISO
and	O
the	O
intensity	O
of	O
production	O
of	O
endogenous	O
CO	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
polytrauma	O
,	O
40	O
patients	O
were	O
examined	O
for	O
the	O
concentration	O
of	O
free	O
hemoglobin	B-PRGE
in	O
the	O
blood	B-ANAT
plasma	I-ANAT
using	O
the	O
benzidine	O
method	O
.	O

The	O
maximum	O
HbCO	O
%	O
blood	B-ANAT
content	O
in	O
patients	O
who	O
were	O
in	O
a	O
state	O
of	O
shock	O
was	O
ascertained	O
during	O
reperfusion	O
,	O
an	O
hour	O
after	O
the	O
start	O
of	O
an	O
urgent	O
surgical	O
intervention	O
.	O

The	O
results	O
from	O
regression	O
models	O
and	O
sensitivity	O
analyses	O
demonstrated	O
that	O
areas	O
with	O
≥	O
100	O
SARS	B-DISO
cases	O
and	O
closer	O
proximity	O
to	O
the	O
ROK	O
had	O
significantly	O
larger	O
percentage	O
decreases	O
in	O
traveler	O
volumes	O
during	O
the	O
outbreak	O
.	O

Bronchoalveolar	O
lavage	O
should	O
obtain	O
lower	O
respiratory	O
tract	O
samples	O
for	O
galactomannan	B-CHED
assay	O
,	O
direct	O
microscopy	O
,	O
culture	O
,	O
and	O
bacterial	O
,	O
fungal	O
and	O
viral	O
PCR	O
.	O

In	O
case	O
of	O
positive	O
Aspergillus	B-SPEC
testing	O
,	O
chest	B-ANAT
CT	O
is	O
the	O
imaging	O
modality	O
of	O
choice	O
.	O

We	O
assessed	O
the	O
clinical	O
characteristics	O
of	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
illness	O
(	O
SARI	O
)	O
evolving	O
to	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
and	O
the	O
factors	O
related	O
to	O
death	B-PROC
.	O

The	O
aim	O
of	O
this	O
study	O
was	O
to	O
establish	O
the	O
basic	O
,	O
in	O
vitro	O
characteristics	O
of	O
the	O
life	O
cycle	O
such	O
as	O
replication	O
kinetics	O
,	O
cellular	B-COMP
ultrastructure	O
,	O
virion	B-COMP
morphology	O
,	O
and	O
induction	O
of	O
autophagy	B-PROC
of	O
PDCoV	O
.	O
Time	O
-	O
course	O
analysis	O
of	O
viral	O
subgenomic	O
and	O
genomic	O
RNA	O
loads	O
and	O
infectious	B-DISO
titers	O
indicated	O
that	O
one	O
replication	O
cycle	O
of	O
PDCoV	O
takes	O
5	O
to	O
6	O
h	O
.	O
Electron	O
microscopy	O
showed	O
that	O
PDCoV	O
infection	B-DISO
induced	I-DISO
the	O
membrane	B-COMP
rearrangements	O
with	O
double	O
-	O
membrane	B-COMP
vesicles	B-COMP
and	O
large	O
virion	B-COMP
-	O
containing	O
vacuoles	B-COMP
.	O

Binary	O
Logistic	O
regression	O
analysis	O
showed	O
that	O
neutral	O
red	O
phagocytosis	B-PROC
[	O
odds	O
ratio	O
(	O
OR	O
)	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
596	O
,	O
95	O
%	O
confidence	O
interval	O
(	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
)	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
212	O
-	O
0	O
.	O
997	O
]	O
and	O
alkaline	B-FUNC
phosphatase	I-FUNC
activity	I-FUNC
(	O
OR	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
573	O
,	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
339	O
-	O
0	O
.	O
968	O
)	O
were	O
the	O
influencing	O
factors	O
of	O
prognosis	O
(	O
both	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
).	O

The	O
AUC	O
of	O
alkaline	B-PRGE
phosphatase	I-PRGE
for	O
the	O
prognosis	O
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
patients	O
caused	O
by	O
abdominal	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
was	O
0	O
.	O
813	O
;	O
when	O
the	O
cut	O
-	O
off	O
value	O
was	O
19	O
.	O
72	O
μmol	O
/	O
L	O
,	O
the	O
sensitivity	O
was	O
75	O
.	O
0	O
%,	O
and	O
the	O
specificity	O
was	O
87	O
.	O
5	O
%.	O

Mean	O
airway	B-ANAT
pressures	O
(	O
Paw	B-ANAT
),	O
oxygenation	B-PROC
index	O
(	O
OI	O
),	O
arterial	B-ANAT
oxygen	B-PROC
partial	I-PROC
pressure	I-PROC
(	O
PaO	B-PROC

A	O
2	O
-	O
year	O
-	O
old	O
child	O
presented	O
with	O
severe	O
respiratory	B-DISO
distress	I-DISO
and	O
progressed	O
to	O
develop	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
,	O
necessitating	O
high	O
-	O
pressure	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
.	O

Diagnosis	O
of	O
mercury	B-CHED
poisoning	O
was	O
confirmed	O
by	O
blood	B-ANAT
levels	O
,	O
and	O
despite	O
treatment	O
with	O
dimercaprol	B-CHED
(	O
mercury	B-CHED
chelator	B-CHED
)	O
and	O
high	O
-	O
frequency	O
ventilation	O
,	O
the	O
child	O
subsequently	O
succumbed	O
within	O
26	O
hours	O
.	O

While	O
in	O
the	O
hospital	O
,	O
patients	O
in	O
the	O
intervention	O
group	O
were	O
less	O
physically	O
active	O
and	O
had	O
more	O
adverse	O
cardiovascular	B-ANAT
events	O
than	O
patients	O
in	O
the	O
control	O
group	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Clinical	O
presentation	O
,	O
diagnostic	B-DISO
findings	I-DISO
,	O
and	O
outcome	O
of	O
adult	O
horses	B-SPEC
with	O
equine	B-SPEC
coronavirus	B-SPEC
infection	I-DISO
at	O
a	O
veterinary	O
teaching	O
hospital	O
:	O
33	O
cases	O
(	O
2012	O
-	O
2018	O
).	O

The	O
calves	O
were	O
monitored	O
for	O
BRD	O
and	O
those	O
that	O
developed	O
signs	O
of	O
respiratory	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
were	O
sampled	O
for	O
diagnostic	O
testing	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Feline	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
peritonitis	I-DISO
(	O
FIP	B-DISO
)	O
is	O
considered	O
highly	O
fatal	O
in	O
its	O
naturally	O
occurring	O
form	O
,	O
although	O
up	O
to	O
36	O
%	O
of	O
cats	B-SPEC
resist	O
disease	O
after	O
experimental	O
infection	B-DISO
,	O
suggesting	O
that	O
cats	B-SPEC
in	O
nature	O
may	O
also	O
resist	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
FIP	B-DISO
in	O
the	O
face	B-DISO
of	O
infection	B-DISO
with	O
FIP	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
FIPV	O
).	O

Antiviral	B-CHED
T	B-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
responses	O
during	O
early	O
primary	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
were	O
also	O
similar	O
between	O
cats	B-SPEC
that	O
developed	O
FIP	B-DISO
and	O
cats	B-SPEC
remaining	O
healthy	O
.	O

Cats	B-SPEC
that	O
survived	O
primary	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
were	O
challenged	O
a	O
second	O
time	O
to	O
pathogenic	O
FIPV	O
and	O
tested	O
for	O
antiviral	B-CHED
T	B-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
responses	O
over	O
a	O
four	O
week	O
period	O
.	O

In	O
summary	O
,	O
definitive	O
adaptive	O
T	B-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
responses	O
predictive	O
of	O
disease	O
outcome	O
were	O
not	O
detected	O
during	O
the	O
early	O
phase	O
of	O
primary	O
FIPV	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

This	O
review	O
will	O
discuss	O
the	O
role	O
of	O
two	O
cellular	B-COMP
eukaryotic	O
processes	O
that	O
are	O
vital	O
for	O
maintenance	O
of	O
cellular	B-PROC
homeostasis	I-PROC
-	O
1	O
)	O
the	O
nonsense	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
mediated	I-PROC
mRNA	I-PROC
decay	B-DISO
(	O
NMD	B-PROC
)	O
pathway	B-PROC
and	O
2	O
)	O
the	O
transient	O
formation	B-PROC
of	O
stress	O
granules	O
(	O
SG	O
)	O
-	O
and	O
explore	O
the	O
current	O
literature	O
on	O
their	O
roles	O
in	O
antiviral	B-CHED
defence	O
.	O

It	O
is	O
the	O
most	O
frequent	O
gastrointestinal	O
cause	O
for	O
hospitalization	O
and	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
leading	O
causes	O
of	O
in	O
-	O
hospital	O
deaths	B-PROC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
As	O
a	O
novel	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
first	O
reported	O
by	O
Saudi	O
Arabia	O
in	O
2012	O
,	O
the	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
is	O
responsible	O
for	O
an	O
acute	O
human	B-SPEC
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
.	O

An	O
articulated	O
action	O
plan	B-DISO
ought	O
to	O
be	O
taken	O
,	O
preferably	O
from	O
a	O
One	O
Health	O
perspective	O
,	O
for	O
appropriately	O
advanced	O
countermeasures	O
against	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Exploitation	O
of	O
glycosylation	B-PROC
in	O
enveloped	O
virus	B-SPEC
pathobiology	O
.	O

As	O
obligate	O
parasites	O
,	O
viruses	B-SPEC
exploit	O
host	B-COMP
-	O
cell	B-COMP
machinery	O
to	O
glycosylate	O
their	O
own	O
proteins	B-CHED
during	O
replication	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Recent	O
outbreaks	O
of	O
SARS	O
-	O
Coronavirus	B-SPEC
and	O
MERS	O
-	O
Coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
CoV	O
)	O
have	O
heightened	O
awareness	O
about	O
the	O
lack	O
of	O
vaccines	O
or	O
antiviral	B-CHED
compounds	O
approved	O
for	O
prevention	O
or	O
treatment	O
of	O
human	B-SPEC
or	O
potential	O
zoonotic	O
CoVs	O
.	O

Anti	O
-	O
CoV	O
drug	O
development	B-PROC
has	O
long	O
been	O
challenged	O
by	O
the	O
activity	O
of	O
a	O
3	O
'	O
to	O
5	O
'	O
proofreading	O
exoribonuclease	O
unique	O
to	O
CoVs	O
.	O

The	O
expression	B-PROC
of	O
nucleotide	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
binding	B-FUNC
oligomerization	I-PRGE
domain	I-PRGE
containing	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
(	O
Nod2	B-PRGE
),	O
type	B-PRGE
I	I-PRGE
interferons	I-PRGE
,	O
(	O
IFNs	O
),	O
and	O
proinflammatory	O
mediators	O
was	O
enhanced	O
in	O
S	O
RBD	O
-	O
HBD	B-DISO
2	O
-	O
treated	O
THP	B-CHED
-	O
1	O
cells	B-COMP
.	O

MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
infection	B-DISO
continues	O
to	O
have	O
a	O
high	O
case	O
fatality	O
rate	O
and	O
a	O
large	O
proportion	O
of	O
patients	O
were	O
HCWs	O
.	O

Furthermore	O
,	O
study	O
revealed	O
that	O
PDCoV	O
N	O
protein	B-PRGE
interacted	O
with	O
RIG	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
I	I-PRGE
and	O
MDA5	B-PRGE
in	O
an	O
in	O
vitro	O
overexpression	B-PROC
system	O
and	O
evident	O
interactions	O
between	O
N	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
and	O
RIG	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
I	I-PRGE
could	O
be	O
detected	O
in	O
the	O
context	O
of	O
PDCoV	O
infection	B-DISO
,	O
which	O
interfered	O
with	O
the	O
binding	B-FUNC
of	O
dsRNA	B-PRGE
and	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
activator	I-PRGE
of	I-PRGE
protein	B-ENZY
kinase	I-ENZY
R	I-PRGE
(	O
PACT	B-DISO
)	O
to	O
RIG	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
I	I-PRGE
.	O
Together	O
,	O
our	O
results	O
demonstrate	O
that	O
PDCoV	B-PRGE
N	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
is	O
an	O
IFN	B-PRGE
antagonist	B-PROC
and	O
utilizes	O
diverse	O
strategies	O
to	O
attenuate	O
RIG	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
I	I-PRGE
recognition	O
and	O
activation	O
.	O

The	O
MERS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
envelope	I-PRGE
spike	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
serves	O
as	O
a	O
crucial	O
target	O
for	O
neutralizing	O
antibodies	B-COMP
and	O
vaccine	O
development	B-PROC
,	O
as	O
it	O
plays	O
a	O
critical	O
role	O
in	O
mediating	O
viral	O
entry	O
through	O
interactions	O
with	O
the	O
cellular	B-COMP
receptor	O
,	O
dipeptidyl	B-PRGE
peptidase	I-PRGE
4	I-PRGE
(	O
DPP4	B-PRGE
).	O

Analysis	O
of	O
sera	B-COMP
absorption	O
and	O
isolated	O
monoclonal	O
antibodies	B-COMP
from	O
immunized	O
mice	B-SPEC
demonstrated	O
that	O
the	O
potent	O
and	O
broad	O
neutralizing	O
activity	O
was	O
largely	O
attributed	O
to	O
antibodies	B-COMP
targeting	B-PROC
the	O
receptor	B-FUNC
binding	I-FUNC
domain	O
(	O
RBD	O
)	O
of	O
the	O
S	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
.	O

In	O
our	O
study	O
,	O
at	O
least	O
one	O
respiratory	O
virus	B-SPEC
was	O
detected	O
by	O
Rt	O
-	O
PCR	O
in	O
379	O
(	O
45	O
.	O
4	O
%)	O
of	O
total	O
834	O
cases	O
,	O
whereas	O
no	O
viral	O
agent	O
was	O
identified	O
in	O
455	O
(	O
54	O
.	O
6	O
%)	O
of	O
the	O
cases	O
.	O

When	O
all	O
cases	O
were	O
evaluated	O
in	O
terms	O
of	O
infection	B-DISO
,	O
positive	O
results	O
were	O
detected	O
in	O
469	O
(	O
56	O
.	O
2	O
%)	O
cases	O
.	O

As	O
a	O
result	O
;	O
postmortem	O
microbiological	O
diagnosis	O
with	O
autopsy	O
and	O
histopathological	O
detection	O
of	O
the	O
patients	O
who	O
are	O
thought	O
to	O
have	O
respiratory	B-DISO
tract	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
will	O
also	O
determine	O
the	O
infectious	B-DISO
agents	O
causing	O
death	B-PROC
.	O

Of	O
all	O
the	O
potential	O
drug	O
targets	O
,	O
the	O
helicase	B-PRGE
of	O
CoVs	O
is	O
considered	O
to	O
be	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
most	O
important	O
.	O

Recent	O
studies	O
have	O
expanded	O
on	O
its	O
structural	O
motifs	O
and	O
topology	O
,	O
its	O
functions	O
as	O
an	O
ion	O
-	O
channelling	O
viroporin	O
,	O
and	O
its	O
interactions	O
with	O
both	O
other	O
CoV	O
proteins	B-CHED
and	O
host	B-COMP
cell	I-COMP
proteins	B-CHED
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Epidemiology	O
of	O
respiratory	O
viruses	B-SPEC
in	O
Saudi	O
Arabia	O
:	O
toward	O
a	O
complete	O
picture	O
.	O

The	O
data	O
support	O
the	O
view	O
that	O
continuous	O
entry	O
and	O
exit	O
of	O
pilgrims	O
and	O
foreign	O
workers	O
with	O
different	O
ethnicities	O
and	O
socioeconomic	O
backgrounds	O
in	O
Saudi	O
Arabia	O
is	O
the	O
most	O
likely	O
vehicle	O
for	O
global	O
dissemination	O
of	O
respiratory	O
viruses	B-SPEC
and	O
for	O
the	O
emergence	O
of	O
new	O
viruses	B-SPEC
(	O
or	O
virus	B-SPEC
variants	O
)	O
capable	O
of	O
greater	O
dissemination	O
.	O

This	O
hypothesis	O
was	O
tested	O
by	O
using	O
KO	O
piglets	O
that	O
were	O
challenged	O
with	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
.	O

III	O
,	O
the	O
animals	B-SPEC
exhibited	O
clinical	O
and	O
pathological	O
signs	O
after	O
inoculation	O
similar	O
to	O
those	O
in	O
exp	O
.	O

Annually	O
,	O
seasonal	O
influenza	B-DISO
epidemics	O
attack	O
human	B-SPEC
populations	O
leading	O
to	O
290	O
-	O
650	O
thousand	O
deaths	B-PROC
/	O
year	O
worldwide	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Avian	B-SPEC
influenza	I-DISO
H9N2	O
subtype	O
in	O
Ghana	O
:	O
virus	B-SPEC
characterization	O
and	O
evidence	O
of	O
co	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
.	O

In	O
addition	O
,	O
the	O
detection	O
of	O
a	O
potentially	O
zoonotic	O
subtype	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
the	O
H9N2	O
,	O
in	O
a	O
region	O
where	O
highly	O
pathogenic	O
avian	B-DISO
influenza	I-DISO
H5Nx	O
is	O
currently	O
circulating	O
highlights	O
the	O
urgency	O
of	O
implementing	O
enhanced	O
monitoring	O
strategies	O
and	O
supporting	O
improved	O
investments	O
in	O
regional	O
diagnostic	O
technologies	O
.	O

In	O
further	O
studies	O
no	O
virus	B-SPEC
plaques	B-DISO
(	O
plaque	B-DISO
reduction	O
rate	O
100	O
%)	O
or	O
cytopathogenic	O
effect	O
(	O
decrease	O
of	O
TCID	O
Many	O
extracts	O
of	O
plants	O
acted	O
against	O
IBV	B-SPEC
prior	O
to	O
and	O
during	O
infection	B-DISO
,	O
but	O
the	O
most	O
effective	O
were	O
those	O
of	O
M	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
piperita	I-SPEC
,	O
T	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
vulgaris	I-SPEC
and	O
D	O
.	O
canadense	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Extracts	O
of	O
S	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
montana	I-SPEC
,	O
O	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
vulgare	I-SPEC
,	O
M	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
piperita	I-SPEC
,	O
M	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
officinalis	I-SPEC
,	O
T	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
vulgaris	I-SPEC
,	O
H	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
officinalis	I-SPEC
,	O
S	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
officinalis	I-SPEC
and	O
D	O
.	O
canadense	O
showed	O
anti	O
-	O
IBV	B-SPEC
activity	O
prior	O
to	O
and	O
during	O
infection	B-DISO
,	O
while	O
S	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
montana	I-SPEC
showed	O
activity	O
prior	O
to	O
and	O
after	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
A	O
Yeast	B-SPEC
Suppressor	O
Screen	O
Used	O
To	O
Identify	O
Mammalian	B-SPEC
SIRT1	O
as	O
a	O
Proviral	O
Factor	O
for	O
Middle	O
East	O
Respiratory	O
Syndrome	O
Coronavirus	B-SPEC
Replication	O
.	O

The	O
interferon	B-PRGE
(	O
IFN	B-PRGE
)-	O
mediated	O
antiviral	B-PROC
response	I-PROC
is	O
an	O
important	O
component	O
of	O
virus	B-SPEC
-	O
host	B-COMP
interactions	O
and	O
plays	O
an	O
essential	O
role	O
in	O
inhibiting	O
virus	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
.	O

However	O
,	O
PDCoV	B-PRGE
N	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
restrained	O
the	O
pRiplet	B-PRGE
binding	I-PRGE
pRIG	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
I	I-PRGE
to	O
inhibit	O
pRIG	O
-	O
I	O
K63	O
-	O
linked	O
polyubiquitination	B-PROC
.	O

The	O
virus	B-SPEC
was	O
detected	O
not	O
only	O
in	O
intestines	B-ANAT
but	O
also	O
in	O
lungs	B-ANAT
and	O
liver	B-ANAT
.	O

Laboratory	O
investigation	O
showed	O
high	O
erythrocyte	B-ANAT
sedimentation	O
rate	O
and	O
C	B-PRGE
reactive	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
,	O
leucocytosis	B-DISO
,	O
anaemia	B-DISO
,	O
mild	O
thrombocytopaenia	O
,	O
renal	B-DISO
impairment	I-DISO
,	O
hyperbilirubinaemia	B-DISO
and	O
abnormal	B-DISO
liver	I-DISO
function	I-DISO
tests	O
;	O
arterial	B-ANAT
blood	I-ANAT
gas	O
analysis	O
showed	O
respiratory	B-DISO
alkalosis	I-DISO
with	O
severe	O
hypoxia	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Molecular	O
characterization	O
of	O
HLJ	O
-	O
073	O
,	O
a	O
recombinant	O
canine	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
strain	O
from	O
China	O
with	O
an	O
ORF3abc	O
deletion	O
.	O

Phylogenetic	O
analysis	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
S	B-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
showed	O
that	O
HLJ	O
-	O
073	O
was	O
more	O
closely	O
related	O
to	O
members	O
of	O
the	O
FCoV	O
II	O
cluster	O
than	O
to	O
members	O
of	O
the	O
CCoV	O
I	O
or	O
CCoV	O
II	O
cluster	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
increase	O
in	O
international	O
travel	O
,	O
the	O
growing	O
presence	O
of	O
arbovirus	O
vectors	O
in	O
our	O
country	O
,	O
and	O
notifications	O
of	O
haemorrhagic	B-DISO
fever	I-DISO
such	O
as	O
the	O
current	O
outbreak	O
of	O
Ebola	O
in	O
D	O
.	O
R	O
.	O
Congo	O
and	O
the	O
cases	O
of	O
Crimea	O
-	O
Congo	B-DISO
haemorrhagic	I-DISO
fever	I-DISO
in	O
our	O
country	O
have	O
again	O
cast	B-ANAT
the	O
spotlight	O
on	O
tropical	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
Isolating	O
suspected	O
cases	O
of	O
highly	O
contagious	O
and	O
lethal	O
diseases	O
must	O
be	O
a	O
priority	O
(	O
Haemorrhagic	B-DISO
fever	I-DISO
,	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
).	O

Nasopharyngeal	B-ANAT
aspirates	B-ANAT
were	O
collected	O
from	O
patients	O
from	O
June	O
1st	O
,	O
2008	O
to	O
May	O
31st	O
,	O
2009within	O
the	O
first	O
48	O
hours	O
of	O
hospitalization	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Structural	O
basis	O
for	O
human	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
attachment	O
to	O
sialic	B-PRGE
acid	I-PRGE
receptors	I-PRGE
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Coronaviruses	O
cause	O
respiratory	O
tract	O
infections	O
in	O
humans	B-SPEC
and	O
outbreaks	O
of	O
deadly	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
worldwide	O
.	O

The	O
receptor	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
interacting	I-PRGE
site	I-PRGE
is	O
conserved	O
in	O
all	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
S	O
glycoproteins	B-CHED
that	O
engage	O
9	O
-	O
O	O
-	O
acetyl	B-CHED
-	O
sialogycans	O
,	O
with	O
an	O
architecture	O
similar	O
to	O
those	O
of	O
the	O
ligand	B-PROC
-	O
binding	B-FUNC
pockets	O
of	O
coronavirus	O
hemagglutinin	O
esterases	B-FUNC
and	O
influenza	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
C	O
/	O
D	O
hemagglutinin	O
-	O
esterase	B-PRGE
fusion	O
glycoproteins	B-CHED
.	O

Hospitalised	O
immunocompetent	O
patients	O
with	O
CAP	B-DISO
were	O
prospectively	O
recruited	O
from	O
34	O
hospitals	O
in	O
mainland	O
China	O
.	O

Respiratory	O
viruses	B-SPEC
were	O
detected	O
by	O
molecular	O
methods	O
.	O

Pediatric	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
contributes	O
to	O
a	O
significant	O
burden	O
in	O
the	O
PICU	B-SPEC
of	O
a	O
developing	O
country	O
and	O
is	O
associated	O
with	O
significantly	O
higher	O
mortality	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
has	O
spread	O
through	O
27	O
countries	O
and	O
infected	O
more	O
than	O
2	O
,	O
200	O
people	O
since	O
its	O
first	O
outbreak	O
in	O
Saudi	O
Arabia	O
in	O
2012	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Buprenorphine	B-CHED
,	O
used	O
for	O
opioid	O
use	O
disorder	O
(	O
OUD	O
)	O
treatment	O
during	O
pregnancy	O
,	O
provides	O
unknown	O
effects	O
on	O
maternal	O
physiological	O
activity	O
.	O

The	O
primary	O
aim	O
of	O
this	O
report	O
is	O
to	O
document	O
acute	O
effects	O
of	O
buprenorphine	B-CHED
administration	O
on	O
indicators	O
of	O
maternal	O
autonomic	B-ANAT
functioning	O
.	O

Forty	O
-	O
nine	O
pregnant	O
,	O
buprenorphine	B-CHED
-	O
maintained	O
women	O
yielded	O
maternal	O
physiologic	O
information	O
(	O
heart	B-ANAT
rate	O
and	O
variability	O
,	O
electrodermal	O
activity	O
,	O
and	O
respiratory	O
rate	O
)	O
at	O
24	O
,	O
28	O
,	O
32	O
and	O
36	O
weeks	O
gestation	B-PROC
.	O

Buprenorphine	B-CHED
administration	O
accelerated	O
maternal	O
heart	B-ANAT
rate	O
and	O
reduced	O
variability	O
at	O
two	O
gestational	O
ages	O
(	O
24	O
and	O
36	O
weeks	O
)	O
and	O
suppressed	O
sympathetic	O
(	O
electrodermal	O
)	O
activation	O
at	O
24	O
,	O
28	O
and	O
32	O
weeks	O
at	O
times	O
of	O
peak	O
maternal	O
medication	O
levels	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Buprenorphine	B-CHED
administration	O
accelerated	O
maternal	O
heart	B-ANAT
rate	O
and	O
reduced	O
variability	O
at	O
two	O
gestational	O
ages	O
(	O
24	O
and	O
36	O
weeks	O
)	O
and	O
suppressed	O
sympathetic	O
(	O
electrodermal	O
)	O
activation	O
at	O
24	O
,	O
28	O
and	O
32	O
weeks	O
at	O
times	O
of	O
peak	O
maternal	O
medication	O
levels	O
.	O

In	O
the	O
current	O
study	O
,	O
we	O
aimed	O
to	O
investigate	O
the	O
effect	O
of	O
NBP	B-PRGE
on	O
ALI	O
in	O
lipopolysaccharide	B-CHED
(	O
LPS	B-DISO
)-	O
treated	O
mice	B-SPEC
.	O

Moreover	O
,	O
the	O
absence	O
of	O
SIRT1	B-PRGE
notably	O
inhibited	O
NBP	B-PRGE
-	O
induced	O
protective	O
effects	O
against	O
LPS	B-DISO
-	O
induced	O
increase	O
of	O
W	O
/	O
D	O
ratio	O
of	O
lung	B-ANAT
,	O
histological	O
injury	O
of	O
lung	B-ANAT
,	O
infiltration	B-DISO
of	O
inflammatory	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
,	O
release	B-PATH
of	O
pro	B-CHED
-	O
inflammatory	O
cytokines	O
and	O
chemokines	O
,	O
and	O
oxidative	B-PATH
damage	I-PATH
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Data	O
are	O
lacking	O
on	O
impact	O
of	O
Middle	O
East	O
Respiratory	O
Syndrome	B-DISO
(	O
MERS	O
)	O
on	O
health	O
-	O
related	O
quality	O
of	O
life	O
(	O
HRQoL	O
)	O
among	O
survivors	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
introduction	O
of	O
blood	O
donor	B-CHED
screening	O
by	O
virus	B-SPEC
nucleic	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
amplification	B-DISO
technology	O
(	O
NAT	B-ENZY
)	O
in	O
the	O
mid	O
to	O
late	O
1990s	O
was	O
driven	O
by	O
the	O
so	O
-	O
called	O
AIDS	O
and	O
hepatitis	B-SPEC
C	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
HCV	B-SPEC
)	O
epidemic	O
,	O
with	O
thousands	O
of	O
recipients	O
of	O
infected	O
blood	B-ANAT
products	O
and	O
components	O
.	O

Thus	O
,	O
antibody	B-COMP
and	O
antigen	B-CHED
testing	O
may	O
be	O
dispensable	O
in	O
the	O
long	O
run	O
,	O
particularly	O
in	O
the	O
combination	O
of	O
NAT	B-ENZY
testing	O
with	O
pathogen	O
reduction	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
each	O
of	O
these	O
has	O
limitations	O
,	O
either	O
in	O
throughput	O
,	O
costs	O
,	O
automation	O
,	O
time	O
to	O
result	O
,	O
specificity	O
,	O
or	O
the	O
need	O
for	O
NAT	B-ENZY
as	O
an	O
integral	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
technology	O
.	O

Donor	B-CHED
screening	O
NAT	B-ENZY
also	O
contributed	O
significantly	O
to	O
our	O
knowledge	O
on	O
how	O
fast	B-FUNC
viruses	B-SPEC
replicate	O
,	O
and	O
on	O
the	O
respective	O
diagnostic	O
window	O
.	O

Accordingly	O
,	O
new	O
therapeutic	O
agents	O
that	O
will	O
attenuate	O
ongoing	O
inflammation	B-DISO
and	O
,	O
at	O
the	O
same	O
time	O
,	O
promote	O
regeneration	B-PROC
of	O
injured	O
alveolar	B-ANAT
epithelial	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
are	O
urgently	O
needed	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Fifteen	O
recommendations	O
and	O
a	O
therapeutic	O
algorithm	O
regarding	O
the	O
management	O
of	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
distress	O
syndrome	O
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
at	O
the	O
early	O
phase	O
in	O
adults	O
are	O
proposed	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Prognostic	O
value	O
of	O
the	O
dynamic	O
changes	O
in	O
extra	B-ANAT
vascular	I-ANAT
lung	I-ANAT
water	I-ANAT
index	O
and	O
angiopoietin	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
in	O
severe	O
multiple	O
trauma	O
patients	O
with	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
].	O

A	O
total	O
of	O
54	O
severe	O
multiple	O
trauma	O
patients	O
with	O
ARDS	B-DISO
admitted	O
to	O
emergency	B-DISO
intensive	O
care	O
unit	O
(	O
ICU	O
)	O
of	O
the	O
Affiliated	O
Hospital	O
of	O
Guizhou	O
Medical	O
University	O
from	O
June	O
2014	O
to	O
December	O
2018	O
were	O
enrolled	O
.	O

The	O
acute	O
physiology	O
and	O
chronic	O
health	O
evaluation	O
II	O
(	O
APACHE	O
II	O
),	O
injury	O
severity	O
score	O
(	O
ISS	B-DISO
)	O
and	O
oxygenation	B-PROC
index	O
(	O
PaO	B-PROC
115	O
patients	O
were	O
enrolled	O
in	O
the	O
final	O
analysis	O
,	O
72	O
survived	O
in	O
28	O
days	O
,	O
43	O
died	B-PROC
,	O
and	O
the	O
mortality	O
rate	O
was	O
37	O
.	O
4	O
%.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
115	O
patients	O
were	O
enrolled	O
in	O
the	O
final	O
analysis	O
,	O
72	O
survived	O
in	O
28	O
days	O
,	O
43	O
died	B-PROC
,	O
and	O
the	O
mortality	O
rate	O
was	O
37	O
.	O
4	O
%.	O

Severe	O
trauma	O
can	O
lead	O
to	O
SIRS	B-DISO
,	O
which	O
is	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
common	O
risk	O
factors	O
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

Therefore	O
,	O
the	O
research	O
status	O
of	O
spleen	B-ANAT
-	O
mediated	O
inflammatory	B-DISO
response	I-DISO
in	O
traumatic	O
ARDS	B-DISO
is	O
of	O
great	O
significance	O
for	O
the	O
prevention	O
and	O
treatment	O
of	O
traumatic	O
ARDS	O
.	O

This	O
article	O
reports	O
the	O
spleen	B-ANAT
-	O
mediated	O
systemic	O
inflammatory	B-DISO
response	I-DISO
,	O
the	O
role	O
of	O
inflammatory	O
mediators	O
in	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
the	O
current	O
state	O
of	O
research	O
on	O
ARDS	B-DISO
treatment	O
to	O
explore	O
new	O
approaches	O
to	O
the	O
prevention	O
and	O
treatment	O
of	O
traumatic	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Fat	O
embolism	O
syndrome	O
is	O
a	O
rare	O
but	O
fatal	O
complication	B-DISO
seen	O
commonly	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
polytrauma	O
.	O

He	O
had	O
burst	O
fracture	O
of	O
5th	O
lumbar	B-ANAT
vertebra	I-ANAT
with	O
canal	B-ANAT
compromise	O
along	O
with	O
other	O
fractures	O
.	O

There	O
was	O
no	O
neurological	O
insult	O
and	O
in	O
the	O
next	O
two	O
days	O
,	O
he	O
was	O
weaned	B-PROC
off	O
from	O
the	O
ventilator	O
.	O

Here	O
,	O
the	O
epidemiology	O
of	O
viruses	B-SPEC
circulating	O
among	O
backyard	O
poultry	O
in	O
Vientiane	O
Province	O
was	O
assessed	O
to	O
guide	O
future	O
control	O
strategies	O
.	O

While	O
CoV	B-PRGE
RNA	I-PRGE
was	O
detected	O
in	O
oral	B-ANAT
/	O
tracheal	O
swabs	O
of	O
9	O
.	O
3	O
%	O
of	O
the	O
chickens	B-SPEC
and	O
2	O
.	O
4	O
%	O
of	O
the	O
ducks	B-SPEC
,	O
rates	O
were	O
higher	O
in	O
faecal	B-ANAT
swabs	O
of	O
both	O
species	B-SPEC
(	O
27	O
.	O
3	O
%	O
and	O
48	O
.	O
2	O
%).	O

RNA	O
of	O
infectious	O
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
IBV	B-SPEC
)	O
and	O
duck	B-SPEC
CoV	O
was	O
found	O
in	O
faecal	B-ANAT
swabs	O
of	O
chickens	B-SPEC
(	O
19	O
.	O
7	O
%	O
and	O
7	O
.	O
1	O
%)	O
and	O
ducks	B-SPEC
(	O
4	O
.	O
1	O
%	O
and	O
44	O
.	O
1	O
%).	O

Here	O
we	O
report	O
our	O
new	O
finding	O
that	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
spike	O
(	O
S	O
)	O
glycoprotein	B-CHED
,	O
similar	O
to	O
Vpu	O
,	O
is	O
capable	O
of	O
antagonizing	O
the	O
BST2	O
tethering	O
of	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
,	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
229E	I-SPEC
,	O
and	O
HIV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
1	I-SPEC
virus	B-ANAT
-	I-ANAT
like	I-ANAT
particles	I-ANAT
via	O
BST2	B-PRGE
downregulation	B-PROC
.	O

However	O
,	O
unlike	O
Vpu	O
(	O
which	O
downmodulates	O
BST2	O
by	O
means	O
of	O
proteasomal	O
and	O
lysosomal	B-ANAT
degradation	O
pathways	B-PROC
),	O
BST2	B-PRGE
downregulation	B-PROC
is	O
apparently	O
mediated	O
by	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
S	I-PRGE
through	O
the	O
lysosomal	B-ANAT
degradation	O
pathway	B-PROC
only	O
.	O

Thiazole	B-CHED
containing	O
compounds	O
(	O
thiazoles	B-CHED
)	O
have	O
shown	O
various	O
biological	O
activities	O
like	O
antioxidant	B-CHED
,	O
analgesic	B-CHED
,	O
antibacterial	O
,	O
anticancer	O
,	O
antiallergic	O
,	O
antihypertensive	B-CHED
,	O
antiinflammatory	O
,	O
antimalarial	B-CHED
,	O
antifungal	B-CHED
and	O
antipsychotic	O
.	O

And	O
yet	O
from	O
May	O
2017	O
to	O
January	O
2019	O
,	O
there	O
were	O
no	O
new	O
SADS	O
cases	O
arising	O
in	O
pig	B-SPEC
herds	O
in	O
Guangdong	O
.	O

We	O
analyzed	O
symptom	B-DISO
data	O
and	O
quantitative	O
viral	O
load	O
to	O
investigate	O
the	O
association	O
between	O
viruses	B-SPEC
,	O
symptoms	O
and	O
viral	O
quantity	O
in	O
qRT	O
-	O
PCR	O
-	O
positive	O
PSPs	O
.	O

CoV	O
(	O
OC43	O
,	O
HKU1	O
)	O
infections	B-DISO
with	O
a	O
higher	O
viral	O
load	O
were	O
mostly	O
observed	O
in	O
asymptomatic	O
PSPs	O
progressing	O
to	O
alveolar	B-ANAT
or	O
interstitial	B-ANAT
infiltration	B-DISO
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Sixty	O
-	O
nine	O
children	O
,	O
age	O
0	O
-	O
24	O
months	O
,	O
affected	O
by	O
Acute	B-DISO
Respiratory	I-DISO
Distress	I-DISO
Syndrome	I-DISO
treated	O
with	O
exogenous	O
porcine	B-SPEC
surfactant	B-CHED
were	O
enrolled	O
.	O

ADP	B-CHED
-	O
ribosylation	O
plays	O
an	O
important	O
role	O
in	O
several	O
biological	B-PROC
processes	I-PROC
such	O
as	O
DNA	B-PROC
repair	I-PROC
,	O
transcription	B-PROC
,	O
chromatin	B-PROC
remodelling	I-PROC
,	O
host	B-COMP
-	O
virus	B-SPEC
interactions	O
,	O
cellular	B-DISO
stress	B-PATH
response	I-PATH
and	O
many	O
more	O
.	O

Using	O
biochemical	O
methods	O
we	O
identify	O
RNA	O
as	O
a	O
novel	O
target	O
of	O
reversible	O
mono	B-DISO
-	O
ADP	B-CHED
-	O
ribosylation	O
.	O

We	O
demonstrate	O
that	O
the	O
human	B-SPEC
PARPs	B-CHED
-	O
PARP10	B-PRGE
,	O
PARP11	B-PRGE
and	O
PARP15	B-PRGE
as	O
well	O
as	O
a	O
highly	O
diverged	O
PARP	B-PRGE
homologue	O
TRPT1	B-PRGE
,	O
ADP	B-CHED
-	O
ribosylate	O
phosphorylated	O
ends	O
of	O
RNA	O
.	O

Environmental	O
factors	O
(	O
e	O
.	O
g	O
.,	O
drug	B-DISO
use	I-DISO
,	O
occupational	O
chemical	O
exposure	O
,	O
infectious	B-DISO
agents	O
,	O
and	O
irradiation	O
)	O
could	O
account	O
for	O
chromosome	B-COMP
changes	O
.	O

Previous	O
evidence	O
of	O
differences	O
in	O
male	O
and	O
female	O
gametogenesis	B-PROC
could	O
suggest	O
an	O
environmental	O
role	O
in	O
the	O
causation	O
of	O
the	O
paternal	O
15q11	O
-	O
q13	O
deletion	O
seen	O
in	O
PWS	B-DISO
.	O

Although	O
early	O
evidence	O
supported	O
birth	B-PROC
seasonality	O
differences	O
in	O
PWS	B-DISO
,	O
a	O
larger	O
number	O
of	O
individuals	O
in	O
our	O
recent	O
study	O
using	O
advanced	O
genetic	O
testing	O
methods	O
did	O
not	O
find	O
this	O
observation	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Modifications	O
in	O
the	O
branched	B-ANAT
arms	B-DISO
of	O
a	O
class	B-SPEC
of	O
dual	O
inhibitors	B-CHED
of	O
HIV	B-DISO
and	O
EV71	O
replication	O
expand	O
their	O
antiviral	O
spectrum	O
.	O

Here	O
a	O
novel	O
series	O
of	O
dendrimers	O
with	O
divalent	O
and	O
tetravalent	O
branched	B-ANAT
arms	B-DISO
,	O
instead	O
of	O
the	O
trivalent	O
ones	O
present	O
on	O
the	O
prototype	O
,	O
has	O
been	O
synthesized	O
and	O
its	O
activity	O
against	O
HIV	B-DISO
,	O
EV71	O
and	O
a	O
panel	O
of	O
16	O
different	O
viruses	B-SPEC
and	O
other	O
pathogens	O
has	O
been	O
determined	O
.	O

Our	O
findings	O
demonstrate	O
that	O
only	O
compounds	O
with	O
tetravalent	O
branched	B-ANAT
arms	B-DISO
showed	O
the	O
same	O
anti	O
-	O
HIV	B-DISO
and	O
anti	O
-	O
EV71	O
activity	O
of	O
the	O
prototype	O
(	O
low	O
micromolar	O
)	O
and	O
even	O
gain	O
significant	O
antiviral	B-CHED
activity	O
against	O
new	O
pathogens	O
such	O
as	O
HSV	O
-	O
2	O
,	O
adenovirus	B-DISO
-	O
2	O
,	O
human	B-SPEC
corona	B-CHED
virus	B-SPEC
and	O
respiratory	B-SPEC
syncytial	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
,	O
being	O
the	O
first	O
members	O
of	O
the	O
Trp	B-PRGE
dendrimer	B-CHED
family	B-SPEC
that	O
showed	O
activity	O
against	O
those	O
viruses	B-SPEC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Three	O
different	O
Hepatozoon	O
(	O
Apicomplexa	B-SPEC
,	O
Hepatozoidae	B-SPEC
)	O
species	B-SPEC
have	O
been	O
described	O
infecting	O
domestic	B-SPEC
cats	I-SPEC
in	O
Europe	O
(	O
i	O
.	O
e	O
.	O
H	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
felis	I-SPEC
,	O
H	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
canis	I-SPEC
and	O
H	O
.	O
silvestris	O
),	O
however	O
,	O
reports	O
on	O
clinical	O
hepatozoonosis	B-DISO
are	O
uncommon	O
and	O
treatment	O
protocols	O
are	O
not	O
clearly	O
defined	O
.	O

Here	O
,	O
children	O
with	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
infections	I-DISO
were	O
screened	O
by	O
pediatrics	O
;	O
and	O
a	O
total	O
of	O
150	O
radiographically	O
-	O
confirmed	O
CAP	B-DISO
patients	O
(	O
aged	O
3	O
months	O
to	O
10	O
years	O
)	O
from	O
two	O
clinical	O
centers	O
in	O
Sao	O
Luis	O
,	O
Brazil	O
were	O
recruited	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
SARS	B-DISO
(	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
)	O
outbreak	O
was	O
caused	O
by	O
a	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
CoV	B-SPEC
)	O
named	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	B-SPEC
.	O
SARS	B-DISO
pathology	B-DISO
is	O
propagated	O
both	O
by	O
direct	O
cytotoxic	O
effects	O
of	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
and	O
aberrant	O
activation	O
of	O
the	O
innate	B-DISO
immune	I-DISO
response	I-DISO
.	O

While	O
in	O
those	O
cells	B-COMP
lacking	O
NLRP3	B-PRGE
accumulating	O
ORF8b	O
cytosolic	B-COMP
aggregates	O
cause	O
ER	O
stress	O
,	O
mitochondrial	B-COMP
dysfunction	O
,	O
and	O
caspase	B-PRGE
-	O
independent	O
cell	B-PROC
death	I-PROC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Porcine	B-SPEC
deltacoronavirus	O
(	O
PDCoV	O
)	O
is	O
a	O
newly	O
emerging	O
enteropathogenic	O
swine	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
causing	O
acute	O
diarrhea	B-DISO
and	I-DISO
vomiting	I-DISO
in	O
pigs	B-SPEC
.	O

Compared	O
with	O
normal	O
cells	B-COMP
,	O
the	O
amount	O
of	O
cytochrome	B-PROC
C	I-PROC
released	O
from	O
mitochondria	B-COMP
to	O
cytoplasm	B-COMP
increased	O
significantly	O
in	O
PDCoV	O
-	O
infected	O
cells	B-COMP
,	O
and	O
the	O
release	B-PATH
increased	O
with	O
the	O
prolongation	O
of	O
infection	O
,	O
while	O
the	O
apoptosis	B-PATH
-	O
inducing	O
factor	O
was	O
always	O
localized	O
to	O
mitochondria	B-COMP
,	O
suggesting	O
that	O
PDCoV	O
induced	O
apoptosis	B-PATH
was	O
initiated	O
through	O
caspase	B-PRGE
-	O
dependent	O
mitochondrial	B-COMP
apoptosis	B-PROC
pathway	B-PROC
by	O
promoting	O
cytochrome	B-PROC
C	I-PROC
in	O
the	O
mitochondrial	B-COMP
membrane	I-COMP
gap	O
into	O
the	O
cytosol	B-COMP
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Comparing	O
the	O
yield	O
of	O
oropharyngeal	B-ANAT
swabs	O
and	O
sputum	B-ANAT
for	O
detection	O
of	O
11	O
common	O
pathogens	O
in	O
hospitalized	O
children	O
with	O
lower	O
respiratory	O
tract	O
infection	O
.	O

In	O
this	O
work	O
,	O
we	O
performed	O
a	O
head	B-ANAT
-	O
to	O
-	O
head	B-ANAT
comparison	O
to	O
evaluate	O
the	O
multiplex	O
-	O
PCR	O
yields	O
between	O
two	O
samples	O
,	O
sputum	B-ANAT
and	O
flocked	O
oropharyngeal	B-ANAT
swabs	O
(	O
OPS	B-DISO
).	O

Both	O
types	O
of	O
specimens	O
had	O
similarly	O
very	O
good	O
kappa	O
values	O
for	O
most	O
of	O
pathogens	O
,	O
except	O
for	O
Mycoplasma	B-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
(	O
κ	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
61	O
)	O
and	O
Chlamydia	B-SPEC
pneumoniae	I-SPEC
(	O
κ	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
24	O
).	O

There	O
was	O
a	O
trend	O
(	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
0798	O
)	O
for	O
AAV	O
-	O
Pck2	B-PRGE
overexpression	B-PROC
to	O
reduce	O
TA	O
muscle	B-ANAT
weights	O
,	O
but	O
there	O
was	O
no	O
significant	O
effect	O
on	O
muscle	B-COMP
fibre	I-COMP
diameters	O
or	O
myosin	B-PRGE
heavy	I-PRGE
chain	I-PRGE
isoform	I-PRGE
(	O
MyHC	B-PRGE
)	O
mRNA	B-PROC
expression	B-PROC
.	O

Biological	O
samples	O
were	O
collected	O
from	O
13	O
hospitalized	O
patients	O
suspected	O
of	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
infection	B-DISO
in	O
Prof	O
.	O
Dr	O
.	O
Sulianti	O
Saroso	O
IDH	B-ENZY
from	O
July	O
2015	O
to	O
December	O
2016	O
.	O

The	O
sequences	O
of	O
nine	O
viral	O
agents	O
under	O
different	O
taxa	O
were	O
detected	O
in	O
suspected	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
patients	O
,	O
including	O
influenza	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
,	O
paramyxovirus	O
,	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
,	O
enterovirus	B-SPEC
,	O
human	B-SPEC
metapneumovirus	I-SPEC
,	O
and	O
herpesvirus	B-SPEC
.	O

RSV	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
can	O
be	O
associated	O
as	O
a	O
serious	O
disease	O
in	O
newborns	O
involving	O
the	O
central	B-ANAT
nervous	I-ANAT
system	I-ANAT
(	O
CNS	B-CHED
)	O
and	O
causing	O
seizures	B-DISO
or	O
acute	B-DISO
encephalopathy	I-DISO
.	O

Some	O
studies	O
highlight	O
that	O
this	O
virus	B-SPEC
-	O
related	O
encephalopathy	B-DISO
lead	O
to	O
sudden	B-DISO
infant	I-DISO
death	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
In	O
presence	O
of	O
neurological	O
involvement	O
during	O
RSV	B-SPEC
-	O
infection	B-DISO
must	O
be	O
taken	O
in	O
consideration	O
to	O
performing	O
instrumental	O
test	O
to	O
detect	O
cerebral	B-DISO
edema	I-DISO
.	O

In	O
reality	O
,	O
many	O
hosts	B-COMP
form	O
multi	O
-	O
species	B-SPEC
aggregations	O
and	O
may	O
be	O
infected	O
with	O
an	O
assemblage	O
of	O
pathogens	O
.	O

Virome	O
connectivity	O
was	O
apparent	O
in	O
two	O
well	O
described	O
multi	O
-	O
host	O
virus	B-SPEC
species	B-SPEC
-	O
avian	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
and	O
influenza	B-SPEC
A	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
-	O
and	O
a	O
novel	O
Rotavirus	B-SPEC
species	B-SPEC
that	O
were	O
shared	O
among	O
some	O
Anseriform	O
species	B-SPEC
,	O
while	O
virome	O
heterogeneity	O
was	O
reflected	O
in	O
the	O
absence	O
of	O
viruses	B-SPEC
shared	O
between	O
Anseriformes	B-SPEC
and	O
Charadriiformes	B-SPEC
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
differences	O
in	O
viral	O
abundance	O
and	O
alpha	O
diversity	O
among	O
species	B-SPEC
.	O

Overall	O
,	O
we	O
demonstrate	O
complex	O
virome	O
structures	O
across	O
host	B-COMP
species	B-SPEC
that	O
co	O
-	O
exist	O
in	O
multi	O
-	O
species	B-SPEC
aggregations	O
.	O

Triplet	O
phasing	O
of	O
RiboSeq	O
data	O
allowed	O
precise	O
determination	O
of	O
reading	O
frames	O
and	O
revealed	O
the	O
translation	B-PROC
of	O
two	O
ORFs	O
(	O
ORF4b	O
and	O
ORF4c	O
on	O
sgmRNA	O
IR	O
),	O
which	O
are	O
widely	O
conserved	O
across	O
IBV	B-SPEC
isolates	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Design	O
,	O
Synthesis	B-PROC
,	O
and	O
Anti	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
RNA	I-PRGE
Virus	B-SPEC
Activity	O
of	O
6	O
'-	O
Fluorinated	O
-	O
Aristeromycin	O
Analogues	O
.	O

Diffuse	B-DISO
alveolar	B-ANAT
damage	I-DISO
scoring	O
was	O
performed	O
post	O
mortem	O
.	O

Qshunt	O
correlated	O
with	O
PFR	O
(	O
r	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
75	O
,	O
p	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
0001	O
,	O
APRV	O
and	O
(	O
r	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
65	O
,	O
p	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
0001	O
,	O
CMV	B-SPEC
).	O

Smoke	O
inhalation	B-PROC
injury	O
leads	O
to	O
early	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
shunt	O
,	O
V	O
/	O
Q	O
mismatch	O
,	O
lung	B-DISO
consolidation	I-DISO
,	O
and	O
diffuse	B-DISO
alveolar	I-DISO
damage	I-DISO
.	O

CT	O
showed	O
decrease	O
in	O
normally	O
aerated	O
lung	B-ANAT
,	O
while	O
poorly	O
and	O
nonaerated	O
lung	B-ANAT
increased	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Automatic	O
proximal	O
airway	B-ANAT
volume	O
segmentation	B-PROC
using	O
optical	O
coherence	O
tomography	O
for	O
assessment	O
of	O
inhalation	O
injury	O
.	O

Measurements	O
of	O
PaO2	O
-	O
to	O
-	O
FiO2	O
ratio	O
(	O
PFR	O
),	O
peak	O
inspiratory	B-PROC
pressure	O
(	O
PIP	B-CHED
),	O
dynamic	O
compliance	O
,	O
airway	B-PROC
resistance	I-PROC
,	O
and	O
OCT	O
bronchoscopy	O
were	O
performed	O
at	O
baseline	O
,	O
postinjury	O
,	O
24	O
hours	O
,	O
48	O
hours	O
,	O
72	O
hours	O
after	O
injury	O
.	O

PAV	O
was	O
significantly	O
correlated	O
with	O
PIP	B-CHED
(	O
r	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
48	O
,	O
p	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
001	O
),	O
compliance	O
(	O
r	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
55	O
,	O
p	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
001	O
),	O
resistance	B-PROC
(	O
r	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
35	O
,	O
p	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
01	O
),	O
MT	O
(	O
r	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
60	O
,	O
p	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
001	O
),	O
and	O
PFR	O
(	O
r	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
34	O
,	O
p	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
01	O
).	O

The	O
recruitment	B-DISO
or	O
expansion	O
of	O
cluster	O
of	O
differentiation	B-PROC
(	O
CD	O
)	O
4	O

Pilgrims	O
had	O
a	O
higher	O
rate	O
of	O
correct	O
responses	O
on	O
each	O
question	O
at	O
the	O
time	O
they	O
completed	O
the	O
second	O
questionnaire	O
,	O
as	O
compared	O
with	O
the	O
first	O
,	O
with	O
11	O
of	O
13	O
questions	O
answered	O
significantly	O
better	O
after	O
delivery	O
of	O
educational	O
information	O
about	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
.	O
However	O
,	O
although	O
the	O
rate	O
of	O
correct	O
answers	O
to	O
the	O
questions	O
about	O
routes	O
of	O
transmission	O
,	O
symptoms	O
,	O
preventive	O
behaviours	O
to	O
adopt	O
in	O
case	O
of	O
fever	B-PROC
and	O
time	O
delay	O
between	O
return	O
and	O
potential	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
occurrence	O
increased	O
significantly	O
after	O
receiving	O
the	O
information	O
,	O
the	O
rates	O
remained	O
below	O
50	O
%.	O

Pilgrims	O
had	O
a	O
higher	O
rate	O
of	O
correct	O
responses	O
on	O
each	O
question	O
at	O
the	O
time	O
they	O
completed	O
the	O
second	O
questionnaire	O
,	O
as	O
compared	O
with	O
the	O
first	O
,	O
with	O
11	O
of	O
13	O
questions	O
answered	O
significantly	O
better	O
after	O
delivery	O
of	O
educational	O
information	O
about	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
.	O
However	O
,	O
although	O
the	O
rate	O
of	O
correct	O
answers	O
to	O
the	O
questions	O
about	O
routes	O
of	O
transmission	O
,	O
symptoms	O
,	O
preventive	O
behaviours	O
to	O
adopt	O
in	O
case	O
of	O
fever	B-PROC
and	O
time	O
delay	O
between	O
return	O
and	O
potential	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
occurrence	O
increased	O
significantly	O
after	O
receiving	O
the	O
information	O
,	O
the	O
rates	O
remained	O
below	O
50	O
%.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
NETs	B-PRGE
promote	O
ALI	O
/	O
ARDS	B-DISO
inflammation	B-DISO
by	O
regulating	O
alveolar	B-ANAT
macrophage	I-ANAT
polarization	O
.	O

We	O
determined	O
that	O
NET	B-PRGE
levels	O
in	O
ARDS	B-DISO
patients	O
were	O
positively	O
correlated	O
with	O
M1	O
-	O
like	O
macrophage	B-ANAT
polarization	O
.	O

Regardless	O
of	O
LPS	B-DISO
pre	O
-	O
stimulation	O
,	O
significant	O
secretion	B-PROC
of	O
proinflammatory	O
cytokines	O
and	O
upregulated	O
M1	O
markers	O
were	O
detected	O
from	O
bone	B-ANAT
marrow	I-ANAT
-	I-ANAT
derived	I-ANAT
macrophages	I-ANAT
(	O
M0	O
and	O
M2	O
)	O
cocultured	O
with	O
high	O
concentrations	O
of	O
NETs	O
;	O
conversely	O
,	O
M2	O
markers	O
were	O
downregulated	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Viral	O
and	O
Atypical	O
Bacterial	O
Respiratory	B-DISO
Infections	I-DISO
in	O
a	O
University	O
Teaching	O
Hospital	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Respiratory	O
viral	O
and	O
atypical	O
bacterial	O
agents	O
lead	O
to	O
infections	O
in	O
a	O
large	O
spectrum	O
,	O
from	O
mild	O
symptoms	O
to	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
.	O

The	O
British	O
Thoracic	B-DISO
Society	O
supports	O
the	O
recommendations	O
in	O
this	O
guideline	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
In	O
epidemics	O
of	O
highly	O
infectious	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
,	O
such	O
as	O
Ebola	B-DISO
Virus	I-DISO
Disease	I-DISO
(	O
EVD	O
)	O
or	O
Severe	B-DISO
Acute	I-DISO
Respiratory	I-DISO
Syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
),	O
healthcare	O
workers	O
(	O
HCW	O
)	O
are	O
at	O
much	O
greater	O
risk	O
of	O
infection	B-DISO
than	O
the	O
general	O
population	O
,	O
due	O
to	O
their	O
contact	O
with	O
patients	O
'	O
contaminated	O
body	B-ANAT
fluids	I-ANAT
.	O

Different	O
types	O
of	O
PPEPPE	O
made	O
of	O
more	O
breathable	O
material	O
may	O
not	O
lead	O
to	O
more	O
contamination	O
spots	B-DISO
on	O
the	O
trunk	B-ANAT
(	O
Mean	O
Difference	O
(	O
MD	O
)	O
1	O
.	O
60	O
(	O
95	O
%	O
Confidence	O
Interval	O
(	O
CI	O
)	O
-	O
0	O
.	O
15	O
to	O
3	O
.	O
35	O
)	O
than	O
more	O
water	B-CHED
repellent	O
material	O
but	O
may	O
have	O
greater	O
user	O
satisfaction	O
(	O
MD	O
-	O
0	O
.	O
46	O
;	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
-	O
0	O
.	O
84	O
to	O
-	O
0	O
.	O
08	O
,	O
scale	O
of	O
1	O
to	O
5	O
).	O
Gowns	O
may	O
protect	O
better	O
against	O
contamination	O
than	O
aprons	O
(	O
MD	O
large	O
patches	O
-	O
1	O
.	O
36	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
-	O
1	O
.	O
78	O
to	O
-	O
0	O
.	O
94	O
).	O
The	O
use	O
of	O
a	O
powered	O
air	B-CHED
-	O
purifying	O
respirator	O
may	O
protect	O
better	O
than	O
a	O
simple	O
ensemble	O
of	O
PPE	B-CHED
without	O
such	O
respirator	O
(	O
Relative	O
Risk	O
(	O
RR	O
)	O
0	O
.	O
27	O
;	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
0	O
.	O
17	O
to	O
0	O
.	O
43	O
).	O
Five	O
different	O
PPE	B-CHED
ensembles	O
(	O
such	O
as	O
gown	O
vs	O
.	O
coverall	O
,	O
boots	O
with	O
or	O
without	O
covers	O
,	O
hood	O
vs	O
.	O
cap	B-DISO
,	O
length	O
and	O
number	O
of	O
gloves	O
)	O
were	O
evaluated	O
in	O
one	O
study	O
,	O
but	O
there	O
were	O
no	O
event	O
data	O
available	O
for	O
compared	O
groups	O
.	O

Compound	O
7b	O
underwent	O
cyclization	O
to	O
afford	O
pyridine	B-CHED
derivative	O
8	O
.	O

Arylhydrazono	O
derivatives	O
9a	O
,	O
b	O
were	O
produced	O
through	O
the	O
reaction	O
of	O
compound	O
7a	O
with	O
aryldiazonium	O
chlorides	B-CHED
.	O

Fused	O
thiophene	B-CHED
derivatives	O
14a	O
,	O
b	O
were	O
produced	O
via	O
reaction	O
of	O
compounds	O
4a	O
,	O
b	O
with	O
a	O
mixture	B-CHED
of	O
malononitrile	B-CHED
and	O
ethylorthoformate	O
.	O

Of	O
them	O
,	O
10	O
,	O
353	O
patients	O
were	O
excluded	O
due	O
to	O
incomplete	O
data	O
or	O
not	O
meeting	O
the	O
consensus	O
criteria	O
for	O
severe	B-DISO
sepsis	I-DISO
or	O
septic	B-DISO
shock	I-DISO
;	O
245	O
patients	O
were	O
included	O
with	O
complete	O
data	O
.	O

Eighty	O
-	O
six	O
percent	O
of	O
patients	O
had	O
multiple	B-DISO
organ	I-DISO
dysfunction	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
at	O
the	O
point	O
at	O
which	O
severe	B-DISO
sepsis	I-DISO
was	O
recognized	O
,	O
and	O
31	O
%	O
had	O
underlying	O
conditions	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
influence	O
of	O
social	O
determinants	O
and	O
health	O
communication	O
on	O
Public	O
health	O
emergency	O
preparedness	O
(	O
PHEP	O
)	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
the	O
mediating	O
effect	O
of	O
health	O
communication	O
were	O
investigated	O
with	O
respect	O
to	O
the	O
2015	O
Middle	O
East	O
Respiratory	O
Syndrome	B-DISO
(	O
MERS	O
)	O
outbreak	O
in	O
South	O
Korea	O
.	O

Health	O
communication	O
such	O
as	O
information	O
seeking	O
and	O
processing	O
mediated	O
the	O
effect	O
of	O
social	O
determinants	O
on	O
the	O
behaviors	B-PROC
and	O
information	O
seeking	O
was	O
found	O
to	O
have	O
the	O
most	O
significant	O
mediating	O
effect	O
on	O
the	O
relationship	O
between	O
the	O
practice	O
of	O
both	O
preventive	O
and	O
avoidance	O
behaviors	O
and	O
social	O
determinants	O
such	O
as	O
education	O
and	O
age	O
.	O

A	O
total	O
of	O
445	O
nasopharyngeal	B-ANAT
swabs	O
specimens	O
from	O
patients	O
with	O
AFRS	O
were	O
analyzed	O
using	O
the	O
RespiFinderSmart22kit	O
(	O
PathoFinder	O
BV	O
,	O
Netherlands	O
)	O
and	O
the	O
LightCycler	O
480	O
real	O
-	O
time	O
PCR	O
system	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
We	O
found	O
286	O
CA	O
-	O
RVI	O
cases	O
,	O
including	O
85	O
solid	B-ANAT
organ	I-ANAT
transplantation	O
recipients	O
(	O
G1	O
),	O
61	O
hematopoietic	B-ANAT
stem	I-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
transplantation	O
recipients	O
(	O
G2	O
),	O
and	O
140	O
non	O
-	O
transplant	B-ANAT
critically	B-DISO
ill	I-DISO
patients	O
in	O
ICU	O
(	O
G3	O
),	O
excluding	O
those	O
with	O
repeated	O
isolation	O
within	O
30	O
days	O
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
Inhaled	B-PROC
streptokinase	O
serves	O
as	O
rescue	O
therapy	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
ARDS	B-DISO
with	O
improving	O
oxygenation	B-PROC
and	O
lung	B-ANAT
mechanics	O
more	O
quickly	O
than	O
heparin	O
or	O
conventional	O
management	O
.	O

Different	O
associations	O
between	O
vaccination	O
protocol	O
,	O
production	O
type	O
,	O
animal	B-SPEC
category	O
,	O
birds	B-SPEC
density	O
,	O
age	O
,	O
presence	O
of	O
clinical	O
signs	O
,	O
and	O
IBV	O
and	O
/	O
or	O
aMPV	O
infection	B-DISO
were	O
tested	O
.	O

When	O
tested	O
with	O
IBV	B-SPEC
or	O
NDV	B-SPEC
single	O
infected	O
samples	O
,	O
the	O
mean	O
detection	O
rates	O
were	O
98	O
.	O
65	O
%	O
and	O
97	O
.	O
25	O
%,	O
respectively	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Emerging	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
laboratory	O
and	O
diagnostic	O
preparedness	O
to	O
accelerate	O
vaccine	O
development	B-PROC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Tight	B-COMP
junction	I-COMP
proteins	B-CHED
are	O
important	O
for	O
the	O
maintenance	O
and	O
repair	B-PROC
of	O
the	O
intestinal	B-ANAT
mucosal	B-ANAT
barrier	O
.	O

The	O
expression	B-PROC
of	O
six	O
tight	B-COMP
junction	I-COMP
protein	B-CHED
genes	O
was	O
lower	O
in	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
-	O
infected	O
piglets	O
than	O
in	O
the	O
normal	O
animals	B-SPEC
.	O

Therefore	O
,	O
we	O
aimed	O
to	O
determine	O
effects	O
of	O
lung	B-ANAT
recruitment	B-DISO
maneuver	O
(	O
RM	O
)	O
and	O
titrated	O
PEEP	B-CHED
Data	O
sources	O
and	O
study	O
selection	O
proceeded	O
as	O
follows	O
:	O
PubMed	O
,	O
Ovid	O
,	O
EBSCO	O
,	O
and	O
Cochrane	O
Library	O
databases	O
were	O
searched	O
from	O
2003	O
to	O
May	O
2018	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Incidence	O
of	O
post	O
-	O
traumatic	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
in	O
poly	O
-	O
traumatized	O
patients	O
:	O
identifying	O
the	O
role	O
of	O
traumatic	O
brain	O
injury	O
and	O
chest	B-ANAT
trauma	O
.	O

Complications	O
(	O
i	O
.	O
e	O
.	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
),	O
multi	O
-	O
organ	B-DISO
dysfunction	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
MODS	B-DISO
)	O
and	O
pneumonia	O
)	O
were	O
documented	O
by	O
a	O
review	O
of	O
the	O
medical	O
records	O
.	O

Chest	B-ANAT
trauma	O
alone	O
and	O
especially	O
its	O
combination	O
with	O
TBI	O
represent	O
high	O
-	O
risk	O
injury	O
patterns	O
for	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
,	O
which	O
forms	O
the	O
strongest	O
predictor	O
of	O
mortality	O
in	O
poly	O
-	O
traumatized	O
patients	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
An	O
Intensive	O
Care	O
Unit	O
Outbreak	O
of	O
Acute	B-DISO
Respiratory	I-DISO
Distress	I-DISO
Syndrome	I-DISO
due	O
to	O
Human	B-SPEC
Metapneumo	O
Virus	O
Infection	O
.	O

We	O
report	O
an	O
outbreak	O
of	O
6	O
cases	O
of	O
human	B-SPEC
metapneumo	O
virus	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
in	O
the	O
intensive	O
care	O
unit	O
of	O
a	O
metropolitan	O
tertiary	O
care	O
center	O
over	O
6	O
weeks	O
,	O
leading	O
to	O
severe	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Virus	B-SPEC
Envelope	B-COMP
-	O
Like	O
Self	O
-	O
Assembled	O
Nanoparticles	B-CHED
Based	O
on	O
ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Pathogen	O
-	O
sized	O
particles	O
exhibit	O
better	O
performance	O
in	O
inducing	O
immune	O
responses	O
than	O
soluble	O
protein	B-CHED
antigens	B-CHED
.	O

However	O
,	O
the	O
effects	O
of	O
fraxin	O
on	O
ARDS	B-DISO
have	O
yet	O
to	O
be	O
reported	O
.	O

ELISA	O
and	O
Western	O
blot	O
results	O
revealed	O
that	O
fraxin	O
might	O
inhibit	O
the	O
production	O
of	O
inflammatory	O
factors	O
,	O
namely	O
,	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
6	I-FUNC
,	O
TNF	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
α	I-PRGE
,	O
and	O
IL	O
-	O
1β	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
activation	O
of	O
NF	O
-	O
κB	O
and	O
MAPK	B-FUNC
signaling	I-PROC
pathways	O
in	O
the	O
lungs	B-ANAT
.	O

Fraxin	O
might	O
inhibit	O
the	O
increase	O
in	O
reactive	B-CHED
oxygen	I-CHED
species	I-CHED
(	O
ROS	B-CHED
)	O
and	O
malondialdehyde	B-CHED
(	O
MDA	B-CHED
),	O
a	O
product	O
of	O
lipid	B-PROC
peroxidation	I-PROC
in	O
lung	B-ANAT
tissues	I-ANAT
.	O

Children	O
1	O
month	O
to	O
15	O
years	O
old	O
with	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
admitted	O
to	O
the	O
PICU	B-SPEC
from	O
January	O
2013	O
to	O
December	O
2016	O
.	O

To	O
better	O
understand	O
the	O
cause	O
of	O
this	O
difference	O
,	O
the	O
virological	O
properties	O
of	O
African	O
camel	B-SPEC
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
were	O
analyzed	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
spike	O
(	O
S	O
)	O
protein	B-CHED
in	O
Ethiopia	O
.	O

In	O
neutralizing	O
assays	O
,	O
Amibara	O
S	O
recombinants	O
were	O
neutralized	O
by	O
lower	O
concentrations	O
of	O
sera	B-COMP
from	O
both	O
Ethiopian	O
dromedaries	B-SPEC
and	O
EMC	B-COMP
isolate	O
(	O
wild	O
-	O
type	O
)-	O
immunized	O
mouse	B-SPEC
sera	B-COMP
,	O
relative	O
to	O
the	O
EMC	B-PRGE
S	I-PRGE
recombinants	I-PRGE
,	O
indicating	O
that	O
viruses	B-SPEC
coated	O
in	O
the	O
Amibara	B-PRGE
S	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
were	O
easier	O
to	O
neutralize	O
than	O
the	O
EMC	B-PRGE
S	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
.	O

A	O
recent	O
example	O
of	O
these	O
events	O
is	O
the	O
avian	B-SPEC
-	O
origin	O
H7N9	O
influenza	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
outbreak	O
currently	O
undergoing	O
in	O
China	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
A	O
heterologous	O
'	O
prime	O
-	O
boost	O
'	O
anti	O
-	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
immunization	O
for	O
pregnant	O
sows	O
protects	O
neonatal	O
piglets	O
through	O
lactogenic	O
immunity	O
against	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
.	O

It	O
causes	O
enteritis	B-DISO
in	O
swine	B-SPEC
of	O
all	O
ages	O
and	O
is	O
often	O
fatal	O
in	O
neonatal	O
piglets	O
.	O

An	O
inadequate	O
extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenation	B-PROC
output	O
flow	O
was	O
observed	O
,	O
possibly	O
because	O
of	O
severe	O
polycythemia	B-DISO
and	O
hyperviscosity	O
.	O

To	O
our	O
knowledge	O
,	O
this	O
is	O
the	O
first	O
reported	O
case	O
of	O
acute	O
normovolemic	O
hemodilution	O
to	O
improve	O
extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenation	B-PROC
outflow	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Plasma	B-ANAT
Midkine	O
Is	O
Associated	O
With	O
28	O
-	O
Day	O
Mortality	O
and	O
Organ	B-ANAT
Function	O
in	O
Sepsis	B-DISO
.	O

In	O
conclusion	O
,	O
compared	O
to	O
cutaneous	O
burn	O
-	O
induced	O
ARDS	B-DISO
,	O
ARDS	B-DISO
in	O
patients	O
with	O
inhalation	B-PROC
injury	O
has	O
earlier	O
onset	O
,	O
causes	O
more	O
severe	O
oxygenation	B-PROC
disorder	O
and	O
has	O
a	O
higher	O
mortality	O
rate	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Severe	O
influenza	B-DISO
infections	B-DISO
are	O
often	O
associated	O
with	O
the	O
excessive	O
induction	O
of	O
pro	B-CHED
-	O
inflammatory	O
cytokines	O
,	O
which	O
is	O
also	O
referred	O
to	O
as	O
""""	O
cytokine	O
storms	O
"""."	O

First	O
,	O
we	O
found	O
that	O
IBV	B-SPEC
stimulation	O
did	O
not	O
enhance	O
the	O
maturation	B-PROC
ability	O
of	O
avian	B-SPEC
DCs	B-DISO
.	O

We	O
identified	O
1093	O
up	O
-	O
regulated	O
and	O
845	O
down	O
-	O
regulated	O
mRNAs	O
in	O
IBV	B-SPEC
-	O
infected	O
avian	B-SPEC
DCs	B-DISO
.	O

Conditions	O
at	O
the	O
time	O
of	O
death	B-PROC
were	O
sepsis	B-DISO
(	O
25	O
),	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
(	O
16	O
),	O
AKI	O
(	O
15	O
),	O
bleeding	B-DISO
disorders	I-DISO
(	O
11	O
),	O
neurological	O
complications	O
(	O
10	O
),	O
ARDS	B-DISO
(	O
10	O
),	O
CKD	O
(	O
4	O
),	O
AKI	B-PRGE
in	O
addition	O
to	O
CKD	O
(	O
3	O
).	O

Conditions	O
at	O
the	O
time	O
of	O
death	B-PROC
were	O
sepsis	B-DISO
(	O
25	O
),	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
(	O
16	O
),	O
AKI	O
(	O
15	O
),	O
bleeding	B-DISO
disorders	I-DISO
(	O
11	O
),	O
neurological	O
complications	O
(	O
10	O
),	O
ARDS	B-DISO
(	O
10	O
),	O
CKD	O
(	O
4	O
),	O
AKI	B-PRGE
in	O
addition	O
to	O
CKD	O
(	O
3	O
).	O

Acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
incidence	O
is	O
increased	O
in	O
obese	B-DISO
patients	O
.	O

Transcriptomic	O
analysis	O
of	O
lung	B-ANAT
homogenates	O
identified	O
Fasn	O
as	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
most	O
significantly	O
altered	O
mitochondrial	B-COMP
associated	O
genes	O
in	O
mice	B-SPEC
receiving	O
60	O
%	O
compared	O
to	O
10	O
%	O
fat	O
diet	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Influenza	B-DISO
H1N1	O
infection	B-DISO
in	O
immunocompromised	O
host	B-COMP
:	O
A	O
concise	O
review	O
.	O

ZM	O
-	O
treated	O
heifers	O
had	O
9	O
g	O
decreased	O
ADG	O
compared	O
to	O
placebo	O
-	O
treated	O
heifers	O
(	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
037	O
),	O
after	O
adjusting	O
for	O
average	O
birth	B-PROC
weight	O
.	O

Endocan	O
also	O
acted	O
as	O
an	O
inhibitor	B-CHED
of	O
transendothelial	B-PROC
migration	I-PROC
of	O
mouse	B-SPEC
leukocytes	B-ANAT
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Evaluation	O
of	O
Lung	B-ANAT
Injury	O
in	O
Infants	O
with	O
Congenital	B-DISO
Diaphragmatic	I-DISO
Hernia	I-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
presence	O
of	O
lung	O
injury	O
and	O
the	O
factors	O
that	O
contribute	O
to	O
it	O
in	O
infants	O
with	O
congenital	B-DISO
diaphragmatic	I-DISO
hernia	I-DISO
(	O
CDH	B-DISO
)	O
have	O
not	O
been	O
objectively	O
measured	O
during	O
their	O
clinical	O
course	O
.	O

In	O
adults	O
with	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
,	O
higher	O
serum	B-COMP
levels	O
of	O
surfactant	B-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
D	I-PRGE
(	O
SP	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
D	I-PRGE
)	O
are	O
linked	O
to	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
and	O
worse	O
outcomes	O
.	O

We	O
hypothesized	O
that	O
serum	B-COMP
SP	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
D	I-PRGE
levels	O
would	O
be	O
elevated	O
in	O
CDH	B-DISO
infants	O
and	O
that	O
the	O
levels	O
would	O
correlate	O
to	O
the	O
amount	O
of	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
present	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Most	O
neutralizing	O
antibodies	B-COMP
against	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
target	O
the	O
receptor	O
-	O
binding	B-FUNC
domain	O
(	O
RBD	O
)	O
of	O
the	O
spike	O
glycoprotein	B-CHED
and	O
block	O
its	O
binding	B-FUNC
to	O
the	O
cellular	B-COMP
receptor	O
dipeptidyl	B-PRGE
peptidase	I-PRGE
4	I-PRGE
(	O
DPP4	B-PRGE
).	O

Variable	O
Ventilation	O
Is	O
Equally	O
Effective	O
as	O
Conventional	O
Pressure	O
Control	O
Ventilation	O
for	O
Optimizing	O
Lung	B-PROC
Function	I-PROC
in	O
a	O
Rabbit	B-SPEC
Model	O
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

This	O
outcome	O
may	O
be	O
related	O
to	O
the	O
excessive	O
increases	O
in	O
peak	O
inspiratory	B-PROC
pressure	O
with	O
the	O
latter	O
ventilation	O
modes	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Stochastic	O
and	O
spatio	O
-	O
temporal	O
analysis	O
of	O
the	O
Middle	O
East	O
Respiratory	O
Syndrome	B-DISO
outbreak	O
in	O
South	O
Korea	O
,	O
2015	O
.	O

The	O
MERS	O
outbreak	O
in	O
South	O
Korea	O
during	O
2015	O
was	O
the	O
largest	O
outbreak	O
of	O
the	O
Coronavirus	B-SPEC
outside	O
the	O
Middle	O
East	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Interaction	O
between	O
low	O
tidal	O
volume	O
ventilation	O
strategy	O
and	O
severity	O
of	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
:	O
a	O
retrospective	O
cohort	O
study	O
.	O

The	O
benefits	O
of	O
low	O
tidal	O
volume	O
ventilation	O
remain	O
uncertain	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

Nutritional	O
stress	O
also	O
had	O
long	O
-	O
term	O
colony	O
effects	O
,	O
because	O
bee	B-SPEC
population	O
did	O
not	O
recover	B-PROC
in	O
spring	O
,	O
as	O
in	O
supplemented	O
colonies	O
did	O
.	O

In	O
conclusion	O
,	O
nutritional	O
stress	O
and	O
Nosema	B-SPEC
spp	B-ENZY
.	O

infection	B-DISO
had	O
a	O
severe	O
impact	O
on	O
colony	O
strength	O
with	O
consequences	O
in	O
both	O
short	O
and	O
long	O
-	O
term	O
.	O

Prospectively	O
,	O
nasal	B-ANAT
and	O
tonsillar	B-ANAT
swabs	O
from	O
214	O
dogs	B-SPEC
affected	O
with	O
infectious	B-DISO
respiratory	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
,	O
and	O
50	O
healthy	O
control	O
dogs	B-SPEC
were	O
tested	O
for	O
nucleic	B-CHED
acids	I-CHED
specific	O
to	O
the	O
various	O
viral	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
.	O

Canine	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
-	O
specific	O
nucleic	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
was	O
detected	O
in	O
4	O
.	O
0	O
%	O
of	O
healthy	O
dogs	B-SPEC
.	O

Canine	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
-	O
specific	O
nucleic	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
was	O
detected	O
in	O
4	O
.	O
0	O
%	O
of	O
healthy	O
dogs	B-SPEC
.	O

Hospitalization	O
months	O
significantly	O
differed	O
for	O
these	O
common	O
pathogens	O
(	O
P	O
≤	O
0	O
.	O
01	O
),	O
except	O
for	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
30	O
).	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Environmental	O
disinfection	O
with	O
sodium	O
hypochlorite	B-CHED
and	O
hydrogen	B-CHED
peroxide	I-CHED
vapor	O
was	O
performed	O
after	O
a	O
hospital	O
-	O
associated	O
outbreak	O
of	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Diarrhea	B-DISO
,	O
caused	O
by	O
porcine	B-SPEC
epidemic	I-SPEC
diarrhea	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
),	O
is	O
a	O
catastrophic	O
gastrointestinal	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
among	O
suckling	O
piglets	O
,	O
with	O
high	O
infectivity	O
,	O
morbidity	O
,	O
and	O
mortality	O
,	O
causing	O
huge	O
economic	O
losses	O
to	O
the	O
pig	B-SPEC
industry	O
.	O

In	O
the	O
present	O
study	O
,	O
we	O
investigated	O
the	O
different	O
microbiota	B-SPEC
from	O
the	O
cecal	B-ANAT
mucosa	I-ANAT
and	O
cecal	B-ANAT
contents	O
between	O
healthy	O
and	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
-	O
infected	O
piglets	O
.	O

The	O
proportion	O
of	O
Proteobacteria	O
in	O
the	O
infected	O
groups	O
was	O
relatively	O
high	O
(	O
24	O
.	O
67	O
%	O
and	O
22	O
.	O
79	O
%,	O
respectively	O
),	O
whereas	O
that	O
in	O
the	O
healthy	O
group	O
was	O
13	O
.	O
13	O
%	O
and	O
11	O
.	O
34	O
%	O
in	O
the	O
cecal	B-ANAT
mucosa	I-ANAT
and	O
contents	O
,	O
respectively	O
.	O

Prone	O
positioning	O
is	O
known	O
to	O
improve	O
outcome	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
moderate	O
to	O
severe	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

Temporal	O
,	O
seasonal	O
,	O
spatial	O
and	O
spatiotemporal	O
cluster	O
analyses	O
were	O
performed	O
using	O
Kulldorff	O
'	O
s	O
spatial	O
scan	O
statistics	O
to	O
determine	O
the	O
time	O
period	O
and	O
geographical	O
areas	O
with	O
the	O
highest	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
infection	B-DISO
risk	O
.	O

Most	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
infections	B-DISO
occurred	O
during	O
the	O
spring	O
season	O
(	O
41	O
.	O
88	O
%),	O
with	O
April	O
and	O
May	O
showing	O
significant	O
seasonal	O
clusters	O
.	O

Myocarditis	B-DISO
and	O
late	O
-	O
onset	O
cardiovascular	B-ANAT
complications	O
are	O
associated	O
with	O
mortality	O
.	O

Then	O
the	O
MP	O
and	O
LUS	O
were	O
analyzed	O
by	O
bivariate	O
correlation	O
analysis	O
,	O
and	O
their	O
correlations	O
with	O
acute	O
physiology	O
and	O
chronic	O
health	O
evaluation	O
II	O
(	O
APACHE	O
II	O
),	O
sequential	O
organ	O
failure	O
assessment	O
(	O
SOFA	O
),	O
oxygenation	B-PROC
index	O
(	O
PaO	B-PROC
At	O
the	O
end	O
,	O
83	O
patients	O
were	O
enrolled	O
,	O
with	O
32	O
died	B-PROC
and	O
51	O
survived	O
in	O
28	O
-	O
day	O
.	O

Here	O
,	O
we	O
examined	O
the	O
intermediate	O
conformation	O
of	O
the	O
murine	B-PRGE
coronavirus	I-PRGE
fusion	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
,	O
called	O
the	O
spike	O
protein	B-CHED
,	O
which	O
must	O
be	O
cleaved	B-ANAT
by	O
a	O
cellular	B-COMP
protease	O
following	O
receptor	B-FUNC
binding	I-FUNC
.	O

Western	O
blot	O
analysis	O
of	O
protease	O
digestion	B-PROC
products	O
revealed	O
that	O
two	O
subunits	O
(	O
67	O
and	O
69	O
kDa	O
)	O
are	O
produced	O
from	O
a	O
single	O
spike	O
protein	B-CHED
(	O
180	O
kDa	O
).	O

Subsequent	O
proteolysis	B-PROC
induces	O
simultaneous	O
packing	O
of	O
the	O
remaining	O
unpacked	O
HRs	B-DISO
upon	O
assembly	O
of	O
three	O
HRs	B-DISO
at	O
the	O
central	O
axis	B-SPEC
to	O
generate	O
a	O
six	O
-	O
helix	O
bundle	O
.	O

Furthermore	O
,	O
we	O
mapped	O
the	O
M	O
protein	B-CHED
site	O
responsible	O
for	O
the	O
interaction	O
with	O
HSPG	B-PRGE
and	O
confirmed	O
its	O
relevance	O
using	O
a	O
viable	O
virus	B-SPEC
.	O

Furthermore	O
,	O
with	O
the	O
example	O
of	O
the	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
response	O
process	O
,	O
the	O
evolutionary	O
scenarios	O
that	O
include	O
infected	O
patients	O
and	O
diagnostic	O
processes	O
are	O
transformed	O
into	O
simulation	O
processes	O
.	O

To	O
meet	O
the	O
urgent	O
requirements	O
of	O
emergency	B-DISO
response	O
,	O
the	O
DES	B-DISO
-	O
PSDF	O
method	O
introduces	O
a	O
new	O
response	O
decision	O
-	O
making	O
concept	O
for	O
unconventional	O
public	O
health	O
emergencies	B-DISO
.	O

In	O
2017	O
,	O
a	O
post	O
-	O
outbreak	O
serology	O
was	O
carried	O
out	O
in	O
three	O
counties	O
in	O
Eastern	O
Croatia	O
,	O
revealing	O
seropositivity	O
in	O
pigs	B-SPEC
bred	O
on	O
four	O
large	O
industrial	O
holdings	O
(	O
9	O
.	O
09	O
%).	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Around	O
0	O
.	O
1	O
-	O
0	O
.	O
2	O
%	O
of	O
all	O
pregnancies	O
are	O
complicated	O
by	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
.	O

Respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
in	O
pregnancy	O
may	O
have	O
detrimental	O
fetal	B-ANAT
complications	O
,	O
therefore	O
extensive	O
knowledge	O
of	O
the	O
range	O
of	O
therapeutic	O
options	O
is	O
necessary	O
.	O

A	O
previously	O
healthy	O
30	O
-	O
year	O
-	O
old	O
P1G2	O
at	O
26	O
weeks	O
and	O
6	O
days	O
of	O
gestation	B-PROC
was	O
admitted	O
to	O
the	O
emergency	B-DISO
department	O
because	O
of	O
a	O
severe	O
respiratory	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
.	O

We	O
identified	O
an	O
optimal	O
spatial	O
arrangement	O
of	O
these	O
patches	O
on	O
certain	O
dendrimers	O
that	O
enabled	O
their	O
interaction	O
with	O
human	B-SPEC
adenovirus	B-DISO
5	O
(	O
Ad5	B-DISO
).	O

Therefore	O
,	O
a	O
novel	O
method	O
that	O
can	O
distinguish	O
these	O
viruses	B-SPEC
quickly	O
and	O
simultaneously	O
is	O
urgently	O
needed	O
.	O

In	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
an	O
oligonucleotide	B-CHED
microarray	O
system	O
was	O
developed	O
.	O

Three	O
probes	O
specific	O
for	O
AIV	O
,	O
NDV	B-SPEC
,	O
and	O
IBV	B-SPEC
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
three	O
other	O
probes	O
for	O
differentiating	O
H5	O
,	O
H7	O
,	O
and	O
H9	O
of	O
AIV	O
,	O
were	O
first	O
designed	O
and	O
jet	O
-	O
printed	O
to	O
predetermined	O
locations	O
of	O
initiator	O
-	O
integrated	O
poly	O
(	O
dimethylsiloxane	O
)	O
for	O
the	O
synchronous	O
detection	O
of	O
the	O
six	O
pathogens	O
.	O

The	O
marked	O
multiplex	O
reverse	B-PROC
transcription	I-PROC
polymerase	O
chain	O
reaction	O
(	O
PCR	O
)	O
products	O
were	O
hybridized	O
with	O
the	O
specific	O
probes	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
results	O
of	O
hybridization	B-PROC
were	O
read	O
directly	O
with	O
the	O
naked	O
eyes	B-ANAT
.	O

The	O
microarray	O
is	O
an	O
accurate	O
,	O
high	O
-	O
throughput	O
,	O
and	O
relatively	O
simple	O
method	O
for	O
the	O
rapid	O
detection	O
of	O
avian	B-SPEC
respiratory	O
viral	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
.	O

The	O
sensitivity	O
of	O
the	O
method	O
was	O
at	O
least	O
100	O
times	O
higher	O
than	O
that	O
of	O
the	O
conventional	O
PCR	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
detection	O
limit	O
of	O
NDV	B-SPEC
,	O
AIV	O
,	O
H5	O
,	O
H7	O
,	O
and	O
H9	O
can	O
reach	B-PROC
0	O
.	O
1	O
EID	O

Virus	B-SPEC
transmission	O
occurs	O
through	O
a	O
susceptible	O
individual	O
'	O
s	O
contact	O
with	O
aerosols	O
or	O
respiratory	O
fomites	O
from	O
an	O
infected	O
individual	O
.	O

This	O
study	O
aimed	O
to	O
evaluate	O
the	O
detailed	O
association	O
between	O
these	O
two	O
markers	O
and	O
clinical	O
outcomes	O
in	O
sepsis	B-DISO
patients	O
.	O

The	O
decreased	O
levels	O
of	O
the	O
fibrinogen	B-COMP
and	O
antithrombin	B-PRGE
activity	O
were	O
significantly	O
associated	O
with	O
an	O
increase	O
in	O
mortality	O
(	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
011	O
and	O
0	O
.	O
002	O
,	O
respectively	O
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Activation	O
of	O
pituitary	B-ANAT
axis	B-SPEC
according	O
to	O
underlying	O
critical	B-DISO
illness	I-DISO
and	O
its	O
effect	O
on	O
outcome	O
.	O

Activation	O
of	O
the	O
hypothalamic	B-ANAT
pituitary	I-ANAT
adrenal	I-ANAT
axis	I-ANAT
was	O
a	O
predictor	O
of	O
ICU	O
mortality	O
independently	O
from	O
the	O
underlying	O
critical	B-DISO
illness	I-DISO
[	O
OR	O
3	O
.	O
952	O
(	O
C	O
.	O
I	O
.	O
95	O
%	O
1	O
.	O
129	O
-	O
13	O
.	O
838	O
)].	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
One	O
hundred	O
-	O
thirteen	O
critical	O
ill	B-DISO
patients	O
were	O
studied	O
.	O

The	O
samples	O
'	O
alpha	O
-	O
diversity	O
curves	O
did	O
not	O
reach	B-PROC
a	O
proper	O
plateau	O
and	O
,	O
for	O
the	O
beta	O
-	O
diversity	O
,	O
the	O
samples	O
seemed	O
not	O
to	O
group	O
perfectly	O
by	O
category	O
,	O
even	O
if	O
the	O
healthy	O
FCoV	O
-	O
positive	O
group	O
showed	O
a	O
hybrid	O
microbial	O
composition	O
between	O
FCoV	O
-	O
negative	O
and	O
FIP	O
groups	O
.	O

We	O
performed	O
an	O
analysis	O
of	O
literature	O
and	O
a	O
systematic	O
review	O
of	O
our	O
post	O
-	O
bariatric	O
patients	O
who	O
underwent	O
body	B-ANAT
contouring	O
procedures	O
which	O
required	O
general	O
anaesthesia	B-DISO
from	O
2013	O
to	O
2018	O
and	O
divided	O
them	O
in	O
two	O
groups	O
:	O
OAGB	O
-	O
MGB	O
group	O
and	O
other	O
bariatric	O
procedures	O
in	O
order	B-SPEC
to	O
compare	O
the	O
rate	O
of	O
aspiration	O
/	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
occurred	O
in	O
time	O
.	O

Literature	O
confirmed	O
high	O
risk	O
of	O
biliar	O
reflux	B-DISO
after	O
OAGB	O
-	O
MGB	O
procedure	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Acute	B-DISO
interstitial	I-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
(	O
AIP	B-DISO
)	O
is	O
a	O
rare	O
and	O
severe	O
form	O
of	O
diffuse	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
that	O
affects	O
previously	O
healthy	O
individuals	O
.	O

It	O
is	O
a	O
subset	O
of	O
idiopathic	O
lung	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
with	O
a	O
rapidly	O
progressive	O
course	O
.	O

Based	O
on	O
the	O
reported	O
imaging	O
findings	O
,	O
we	O
propose	O
that	O
Leigh	B-DISO
Syndrome	I-DISO
should	O
be	O
added	O
to	O
the	O
differential	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
acute	O
cerebellitis	B-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
investigate	O
the	O
incidence	O
,	O
outcomes	O
,	O
and	O
risk	O
factors	O
of	O
postoperative	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
in	O
patients	O
undergoing	O
surgical	O
repair	B-PROC
for	O
acute	O
type	B-DISO
A	I-DISO
aortic	I-DISO
dissection	I-DISO
.	O

This	O
retrospective	O
study	O
involved	O
270	O
patients	O
who	O
underwent	O
surgical	O
repair	B-PROC
for	O
acute	O
type	B-DISO
A	I-DISO
aortic	I-DISO
dissection	I-DISO
between	O
January	O
2009	O
and	O
December	O
2015	O
.	O

Primary	O
outcome	O
was	O
postoperative	O
ARDS	B-DISO
,	O
according	O
to	O
the	O
2012	O
Berlin	O
definition	O
for	O
ARDS	B-DISO
and	O
was	O
reviewed	O
by	O
2	O
qualified	O
physicians	O
with	O
expertise	O
in	O
critical	O
care	O
and	O
cardiac	B-ANAT
surgery	O
.	O

Three	O
,	O
20	O
,	O
and	O
14	O
patients	O
had	O
mild	O
,	O
moderate	O
,	O
and	O
severe	O
ARDS	B-DISO
,	O
respectively	O
,	O
according	O
to	O
the	O
Berlin	O
definition	O
,	O
with	O
no	O
significant	O
difference	O
in	O
age	O
,	O
sex	O
,	O
and	O
underlying	O
disease	O
.	O

Their	O
mechanical	O
power	O
was	O
monitored	O
and	O
recorded	O
,	O
the	O
TGF	O
-	O
β1	O
and	O
CTGF	B-PRGE
levels	O
were	O
detected	O
by	O
enzyme	O
-	O
linked	O
immunosorbent	O
assay	O
(	O
ELISA	O
),	O
their	O
relevance	O
was	O
analyzed	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
relationship	O
between	O
mechanical	O
power	O
and	O
28	O
-	O
day	O
survival	O
rate	O
was	O
investigated	O
.	O

The	O
complete	O
blood	B-ANAT
count	O
is	O
the	O
most	O
ordered	O
clinical	O
test	O
in	O
the	O
United	O
States	O
serving	O
as	O
the	O
cornerstone	O
of	O
clinical	O
medicine	B-CHED
and	O
differential	O
diagnosis	O
.	O

We	O
recently	O
generated	O
a	O
mouse	B-SPEC
model	O
for	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
through	O
the	O
humanization	O
of	O
the	O
orthologous	O
entry	O
receptor	O
dipeptidyl	B-PRGE
peptidase	I-PRGE
4	I-PRGE
(	O
DPP4	B-PRGE
).	O

MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
lung	B-ANAT
titer	O
peaked	O
2	O
days	O
post	O
infection	B-DISO
concurrent	O
with	O
lymphopenia	B-DISO
and	O
neutrophilia	O
in	O
peripheral	B-ANAT
blood	I-ANAT
,	O
two	O
phenomena	O
also	O
observed	O
in	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
infection	B-DISO
of	O
humans	B-SPEC
.	O

Veno	O
-	O
venous	B-ANAT
extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenation	B-PROC
(	O
VV	O
-	O
ECMO	O
)	O
may	O
be	O
an	O
alternative	O
option	O
for	O
treating	O
TB	O
-	O
induced	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

In	O
order	B-SPEC
to	O
manage	O
and	O
maintain	O
stable	O
productivity	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
important	O
to	O
establish	O
policies	O
for	O
biosecurity	O
.	O

Mycoplasmas	B-SPEC
and	O
IBV	B-SPEC
were	O
detected	O
on	O
poultry	O
farms	O
in	O
Myanmar	O
.	O

Real	O
-	O
time	O
polymerase	O
chain	O
reaction	O
revealed	O
that	O
all	O
17	O
fecal	B-ANAT
samples	O
from	O
post	O
-	O
weaned	B-PROC
calves	O
with	O
diarrhea	B-DISO
and	O
one	O
out	O
of	O
15	O
from	O
diarrhea	B-DISO
-	O
recovered	O
calves	O
were	O
positive	O
for	O
BCoV	O
and	O
negative	O
for	O
Cryptosporidium	B-PRGE
spp	B-ENZY
.,	I-PRGE
Escherichia	B-SPEC
coli	I-SPEC
K99	I-PRGE
,	I-PRGE
Salmonella	B-DISO
spp	B-ENZY
.,	O
bovine	B-SPEC
rotavirus	B-SPEC
,	O
and	O
bovine	B-SPEC
viral	I-SPEC
diarrhea	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Demographics	O
,	O
management	O
and	O
outcome	O
of	O
females	O
and	O
males	O
with	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
in	O
the	O
LUNG	B-ANAT
SAFE	O
prospective	O
cohort	O
study	O
.	O

Females	O
received	O
higher	O
tidal	O
volumes	O
(	O
8	O
.	O
2	O
±	O
2	O
.	O
1	O
Shorter	O
females	O
with	O
ARDS	B-DISO
are	O
less	O
likely	O
to	O
receive	O
lower	O
tidal	O
volume	O
ventilation	O
,	O
while	O
females	O
with	O
severe	O
confirmed	O
ARDS	B-DISO
have	O
a	O
higher	O
mortality	O
risk	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Mechanical	O
ventilation	O
is	O
a	O
life	O
-	O
saving	O
therapy	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
distress	O
syndrome	O
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
).	O

However	O
,	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
itself	O
causes	O
severe	O
co	O
-	O
morbidities	O
in	O
that	O
it	O
can	O
trigger	O
ventilator	O
-	O
associated	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
(	O
VALI	O
)	O
in	O
humans	B-SPEC
or	O
ventilator	O
-	O
induced	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
(	O
VILI	O
)	O
in	O
experimental	O
animal	B-SPEC
models	O
.	O

In	O
this	O
line	O
,	O
we	O
engineered	O
an	O
attenuated	O
virus	B-SPEC
based	O
on	O
the	O
transmissible	O
gastroenteritis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
)	O
genome	O
,	O
expressing	O
a	O
chimeric	O
spike	O
protein	B-CHED
from	O
a	O
virulent	O
United	O
States	O
(	O
US	O
)	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
strain	O
.	O

This	O
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
rTGEV	O
-	O
RS	O
-	O
SPEDV	O
)	O
was	O
attenuated	O
in	O
highly	O
-	O
sensitive	O
five	O
-	O
day	O
-	O
old	O
piglets	O
,	O
as	O
infected	O
animals	B-SPEC
did	O
not	O
lose	O
weight	O
and	O
none	O
of	O
them	O
died	B-PROC
.	O

Altogether	O
,	O
the	O
data	O
indicated	O
that	O
rTGEV	O
-	O
RS	O
-	O
SPEDV	O
is	O
a	O
promising	O
vaccine	O
candidate	O
against	O
virulent	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Coronaviruses	O
are	O
enveloped	O
,	O
single	O
-	O
stranded	O
RNA	O
viruses	B-SPEC
that	O
are	O
distributed	O
worldwide	O
.	O

They	O
include	O
transmissible	O
gastroenteritis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
),	O
porcine	B-SPEC
epidemic	I-SPEC
diarrhea	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
),	O
and	O
the	O
human	B-SPEC
coronaviruses	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
and	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
),	O
many	O
of	O
which	O
seriously	O
endanger	O
human	B-SPEC
health	O
and	O
well	O
-	O
being	O
.	O

Only	O
alphacoronaviruses	O
and	O
betacoronaviruses	O
harbor	O
nonstructural	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
(	O
nsp1	B-PRGE
),	O
which	O
performs	O
multiple	O
functions	O
in	O
inhibiting	O
antiviral	B-CHED
host	B-COMP
responses	O
.	O

In	O
conclusion	O
,	O
mice	B-SPEC
with	O
CIE	B-DISO
developed	O
three	O
phenotypes	O
of	O
neurologic	O
impairment	B-DISO
mimicking	O
different	O
types	O
of	O
MS	O
progression	O
in	O
humans	B-SPEC
and	O
showed	O
differential	O
mechanisms	O
driving	O
neurogenic	O
bladder	B-DISO
dysfunction	I-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Complete	O
genome	O
sequences	O
of	O
novel	O
S	O
-	O
deletion	O
variants	O
of	O
porcine	B-SPEC
epidemic	I-SPEC
diarrhea	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
identified	O
from	O
a	O
recurrent	O
outbreak	O
on	O
Jeju	O
Island	O
,	O
South	O
Korea	O
.	O

Their	O
genomes	O
were	O
28	O
,	O
023	O
nucleotides	B-CHED
in	O
length	O
,	O
15	O
nucleotides	O
shorter	O
than	O
those	O
of	O
the	O
classical	O
G2b	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
strains	O
.	O

The	O
two	O
S	O
-	O
DEL	O
isolates	O
had	O
96	O
.	O
4	O
-	O
99	O
.	O
2	O
%	O
and	O
98	O
.	O
3	O
-	O
99	O
.	O
7	O
%	O
identity	O
at	O
the	O
S	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
and	O
full	O
-	O
genome	O
level	O
,	O
respectively	O
,	O
to	O
other	O
global	O
G2b	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
strains	O
.	O

To	O
further	O
identify	O
and	O
characterize	O
the	O
PDCoV	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
encoded	I-PRGE
IFN	I-PRGE
antagonists	B-CHED
will	O
broaden	O
our	O
understanding	O
of	O
its	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
most	O
common	O
unsolicited	O
adverse	O
events	O
were	O
infections	B-DISO
,	O
occurring	O
in	O
27	O
participants	O
(	O
36	O
%);	O
six	O
(	O
8	O
%)	O
were	O
deemed	O
possibly	O
related	O
to	O
study	O
treatment	O
.	O

There	O
were	O
no	O
laboratory	O
abnormalities	O
of	O
grade	O
3	O
or	O
higher	O
that	O
were	O
related	O
to	O
study	O
treatment	O
;	O
laboratory	O
abnormalities	O
were	O
uncommon	O
,	O
except	O
for	O
15	O
increases	O
in	O
creatine	B-CHED
phosphokinase	O
in	O
14	O
participants	O
(	O
three	O
participants	O
in	O
the	O
0	O
·	O
67	O
mg	O
group	O
,	O
three	O
in	O
the	O
2	O
mg	O
group	O
,	O
and	O
seven	O
in	O
the	O
6	O
mg	O
group	O
).	O

Immune	B-PROC
responses	I-PROC
were	O
dose	O
-	O
independent	O
,	O
detected	O
in	O
more	O
than	O
85	O
%	O
of	O
participants	O
after	O
two	O
vaccinations	O
,	O
and	O
durable	O
through	O
1	O
year	O
of	O
follow	O
-	O
up	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
A	O
Clinical	O
Risk	O
Scoring	O
System	O
of	O
Acute	B-DISO
Respiratory	I-DISO
Distress	I-DISO
Syndrome	I-DISO
-	O
Induced	O
Acute	O
Kidney	B-ANAT
Injury	O
.	O

The	O
incidences	O
of	O
AKI	O
in	O
group	O
A	O
(	O
score	O
0	O
-	O
2	O
,	O
n	O
=	O
9	O
),	O
group	B-DISO
B	I-DISO
(	O
score	O
3	O
-	O
4	O
,	O
n	O
=	O
16	O
),	O
group	O
C	O
(	O
score	O
5	O
-	O
6	O
,	O
n	O
=	O
33	O
),	O
and	O
group	O
D	O
(	O
score	O
≥	O
7	O
,	O
n	O
=	O
72	O
)	O
were	O
10	O
.	O
98	O
%,	O
16	O
.	O
00	O
%,	O
31	O
.	O
13	O
%,	O
and	O
49	O
.	O
66	O
%,	O
respectively	O
(	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
001	O
).	O

Acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
7	O
,	O
32	O
%)	O
and	O
acute	O
kidney	B-ANAT
injury	O
(	O
AKI	O
)	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
6	O
,	O
28	O
%)	O
were	O
other	O
major	O
organ	B-ANAT
dysfunctions	O
.	O

Mean	O
(	O
SD	O
)	O
duration	O
of	O
PICU	B-SPEC
stay	O
was	O
3	O
.	O
6	O
(	O
1	O
.	O
5	O
)	O
d	O
with	O
13	O
.	O
6	O
%	O
mortality	O
.	O

As	O
a	O
result	O
,	O
we	O
identified	O
a	O
list	O
of	O
putative	O
AMPs	O
which	O
binds	B-FUNC
to	O
the	O
spike	O
protein	B-CHED
of	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
,	O
which	O
may	O
be	O
crucial	O
in	O
providing	O
the	O
inhibitory	O
action	O
.	O

Together	O
,	O
these	O
results	O
suggest	O
that	O
the	O
relative	O
timing	O
of	O
the	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
I	I-PRGE
response	O
and	O
maximal	O
virus	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
is	O
key	O
in	O
determining	O
outcomes	O
,	O
at	O
least	O
in	O
infected	O
mice	B-SPEC
.	O

Thus	O
,	O
virus	B-SPEC
-	O
host	B-COMP
-	O
interactions	O
at	O
the	O
entry	O
stage	O
may	O
not	O
limit	O
spread	O
of	O
North	O
-	O
and	O
West	O
-	O
African	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
in	O
human	B-SPEC
cells	B-COMP
.	O

A	O
total	O
of	O
86	O
cases	O
of	O
SAP	B-PRGE
complicated	O
with	O
ARDS	B-DISO
were	O
randomly	O
divided	O
into	O
group	O
A	O
and	O
group	B-DISO
B	I-DISO
,	O
with	O
43	O
cases	O
in	O
each	O
group	O
.	O

Compared	O
with	O
continuous	O
hemofiltration	O
alone	O
,	O
treatment	O
with	O
continuous	O
hemofiltration	O
plus	O
octreotide	B-CHED
is	O
higher	O
in	O
efficiency	O
,	O
but	O
did	O
not	O
translate	O
into	O
improved	O
mortality	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
A	O
systematic	O
risk	O
-	O
based	O
strategy	O
to	O
select	O
personal	O
protective	O
equipment	O
for	O
infectious	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
.	O

Because	O
guidance	O
for	O
this	O
process	O
is	O
extremely	O
limited	O
,	O
we	O
proposed	O
a	O
systematic	O
,	O
risk	O
-	O
based	O
approach	O
to	O
the	O
selection	O
and	O
evaluation	O
of	O
PPE	B-CHED
ensembles	O
to	O
protect	O
HCP	B-DISO
against	O
infectious	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
.	O

The	O
approach	O
was	O
demonstrated	O
for	O
the	O
activity	O
of	O
intubation	O
of	O
a	O
patient	O
with	O
methicillin	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
resistant	I-DISO
Staphylococcus	B-SPEC
aureus	I-SPEC
or	O
Severe	B-DISO
Acute	I-DISO
Respiratory	I-DISO
Syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
.	O

This	O
area	O
of	O
tension	B-DISO
includes	O
other	O
important	O
questions	O
regarding	O
usefulness	O
,	O
quality	O
,	O
ethical	O
compliance	O
,	O
scientific	O
evidence	O
,	O
structural	O
capacities	O
and	O
economy	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Using	O
routine	O
testing	O
data	O
to	O
understand	O
circulation	B-PROC
patterns	O
of	O
influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
,	O
respiratory	B-SPEC
syncytial	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
and	O
other	O
respiratory	O
viruses	B-SPEC
in	O
Victoria	B-SPEC
,	O
Australia	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Obstructive	B-DISO
sleep	I-DISO
apnoea	I-DISO
in	O
acute	B-DISO
coronary	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Rapid	O
breath	B-ANAT
analysis	O
for	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
diagnostics	O
using	O
a	O
portable	O
two	O
-	O
dimensional	O
gas	O
chromatography	O
device	O
.	O

Therefore	O
,	O
there	O
is	O
a	O
significant	O
need	O
for	O
early	O
,	O
rapid	O
detection	O
and	O
diagnosis	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
clinical	O
trajectory	O
monitoring	O
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Continuous	O
renal	B-ANAT
replacement	O
therapy	O
becomes	O
available	O
utilization	O
for	O
pediatric	O
critically	B-DISO
ill	I-DISO
,	O
but	O
the	O
impact	O
of	O
mortality	O
rate	O
in	O
severe	B-DISO
sepsis	I-DISO
remains	O
no	O
consistent	O
conclusion	O
.	O

Four	O
PICUs	B-SPEC
of	O
tertiary	O
university	O
children	O
'	O
s	O
hospital	O
in	O
China	O
.	O

The	O
consecutive	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	B-DISO
sepsis	I-DISO
admitted	O
to	O
study	O
PICUs	B-SPEC
were	O
enrolled	O
from	O
July	O
2016	O
to	O
June	O
2018	O
.	O

Continuous	O
renal	B-ANAT
replacement	O
therapy	O
with	O
an	O
ultrafiltration	O
rate	O
of	O
50	O
mL	O
/	O
kg	O
/	O
hr	O
decreases	O
hospital	O
mortality	O
rate	O
in	O
pediatric	O
severe	B-DISO
sepsis	I-DISO
,	O
especially	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

Complications	O
of	O
AIV	O
infection	B-DISO
,	O
such	O
as	O
bacterial	B-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
are	O
treatable	O
,	O
but	O
other	O
severe	O
complications	O
such	O
as	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
leading	O
to	O
diffuse	B-DISO
alveolar	I-DISO
damage	I-DISO
(	O
DAD	O
)	O
are	O
limited	O
to	O
supportive	O
therapy	O
and	O
self	O
-	O
resolution	O
.	O

Regardless	O
of	O
a	O
poor	O
prognosis	O
,	O
the	O
clinical	O
signs	B-DISO
and	I-DISO
symptoms	I-DISO
are	O
congruent	O
with	O
imaging	O
and	O
attest	O
to	O
the	O
importance	O
of	O
vaccination	O
,	O
which	O
protect	O
against	O
high	O
mortality	O
rates	O
.	O

Virus	B-SPEC
propagation	O
in	O
embryonated	O
chicken	B-SPEC
eggs	O
(	O
ECEs	O
),	O
after	O
three	O
successive	O
passages	O
,	O
revealed	O
typical	O
IBV	B-SPEC
lesions	O
such	O
as	O
curling	O
and	O
dwarfism	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
reported	O
isolate	O
was	O
identified	O
by	O
a	O
real	O
-	O
time	O
reverse	B-PRGE
transcriptase	I-PRGE
PCR	O
assay	O
targeting	B-PROC
nucleocapsid	B-COMP
(	O
N	O
)	O
gene	O
and	O
,	O
further	O
characterized	O
by	O
full	O
-	O
length	O
spike	O
(	O
S1	O
)	O
gene	O
sequencing	O
.	O

Phylogenetic	O
analysis	O
revealed	O
clustering	O
of	O
the	O
isolated	O
virus	B-SPEC
within	O
4	O
/	O
91	O
genotype	O
of	O
GI	O
-	O
13	O
lineage	O
.	O

The	O
latter	O
is	O
a	O
rare	O
subtype	O
of	O
acute	B-PATH
myeloid	I-PATH
leukemia	I-PATH
and	O
represents	O
a	O
hematological	O
emergency	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Evaluation	O
of	O
polymorphisms	B-PROC
in	O
inflammatory	O
mediator	O
and	O
cellular	B-PROC
adhesion	B-DISO
genes	O
as	O
risk	O
factors	O
for	O
feline	O
infectious	O
peritonitis	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Feline	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
peritonitis	I-DISO
(	O
FIP	B-DISO
)	O
is	O
a	O
high	O
mortality	O
infectious	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
.	O

We	O
successfully	O
generated	O
recombinant	O
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
rC3663	O
)	O
from	O
Fcwf	O
-	O
4	O
cells	B-COMP
transfected	O
with	O
infectious	B-DISO
cDNA	O
that	O
showed	O
growth	B-PROC
kinetics	O
similar	O
to	O
those	O
shown	O
by	O
the	O
parental	O
virus	B-SPEC
.	O

Next	O
,	O
we	O
constructed	O
a	O
reporter	O
C3663	O
virus	B-SPEC
carrying	O
the	O
nanoluciferase	O
(	O
Nluc	O
)	O
gene	O
to	O
measure	O
viral	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
with	O
high	O
sensitivity	O
.	O

Thus	O
,	O
our	O
reporter	O
virus	B-SPEC
is	O
useful	O
for	O
uncovering	O
the	O
infectivity	O
of	O
type	O
I	O
FCoV	O
in	O
different	O
cell	B-ANAT
lines	I-ANAT
,	O
including	O
canine	O
-	O
derived	O
cells	B-COMP
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
A	O
strain	O
of	O
porcine	O
epidemic	O
diarrhoea	O
virus	O
(	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
),	O
namely	O
HLJBY	O
,	O
was	O
isolated	O
in	O
Heilongjiang	O
province	O
,	O
China	O
.	O

To	O
provide	O
insight	O
into	O
the	O
understanding	O
of	O
the	O
phylogenetic	O
and	O
the	O
current	O
epidemiological	O
status	O
of	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
,	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
HLJBY	O
was	O
compared	O
with	O
CV777	O
and	O
other	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
strains	O
deposited	O
in	O
the	O
GenBank	O
.	O

The	O
highest	O
nucleotide	B-CHED
identity	O
was	O
99	O
.	O
9	O
%	O
compared	O
with	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
-	O
SX	O
/	O
China	O
/	O
2017	O
strain	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
lowest	O
nucleotide	O
identity	O
was	O
60	O
.	O
0	O
%	O
compared	O
with	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
/	O
Belgorod	O
/	O
dom	O
/	O
2008	O
strain	O
.	O

The	O
length	O
of	O
deduced	O
amino	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
sequences	O
of	O
S	O
proteins	B-CHED
varied	O
from	O
1	O
,	O
372	O
to	O
1	O
,	O
390	O
amino	B-CHED
acids	I-CHED
(	O
aa	O
).	O

Previous	O
studies	O
have	O
revealed	O
that	O
the	O
coronaviruses	O
develop	O
various	O
strategies	O
to	O
evade	O
the	O
host	B-COMP
innate	B-PROC
immunity	I-PROC
through	O
the	O
inhibition	B-PROC
of	O
nuclear	B-PRGE
factor	I-PRGE
kappa	I-PRGE
B	I-PRGE
(	O
NF	O
-	O
κB	O
)	O
signaling	B-PROC
pathway	I-PROC
.	O

In	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
a	O
dual	O
luciferase	B-ENZY
reporter	O
assay	O
was	O
used	O
to	O
confirm	O
the	O
inhibition	B-PROC
of	O
NF	O
-	O
κB	O
by	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
and	O
to	O
identify	O
the	O
major	O
viral	O
proteins	B-CHED
involved	O
in	O
the	O
inhibition	B-PROC
of	O
NF	O
-	O
κB	O
signaling	B-PROC
.	O

Real	O
-	O
time	O
quantitative	O
PCR	O
was	O
used	O
to	O
quantify	O
the	O
mRNA	B-PROC
expression	B-PROC
of	O
inflammatory	O
factors	O
.	O

In	O
ST	O
and	O
IPEC	O
-	O
J2	O
cells	O
,	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
exhibited	O
a	O
dose	O
-	O
dependent	O
inhibition	B-PROC
of	O
NF	O
-	O
κB	O
activity	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
In	O
ST	O
and	O
IPEC	O
-	O
J2	O
cells	B-COMP
,	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
exhibited	O
a	O
dose	O
-	O
dependent	O
inhibition	B-PROC
of	O
NF	O
-	O
κB	O
activity	O
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
can	O
inhibit	O
the	O
activation	O
of	O
the	O
NF	O
-	O
κB	O
signaling	B-PROC
pathway	I-PROC
,	O
which	O
is	O
mainly	O
mediated	O
by	O
Nsp3	B-PRGE
through	O
the	O
canonical	O
pathway	B-PROC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Porcine	B-SPEC
epidemic	I-SPEC
diarrhea	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
),	O
the	O
causative	O
agent	O
of	O
PED	O
,	O
is	O
an	O
enveloped	O
,	O
positive	O
-	O
stranded	O
RNA	O
virus	B-SPEC
in	O
the	O
genus	B-SPEC
Alphacoronavirus	B-SPEC
,	O
family	B-SPEC
Coronaviridae	I-SPEC
,	O
order	B-SPEC
Nidovirales	I-SPEC
.	O

Our	O
previous	O
study	O
showed	O
that	O
PEDV	B-PRGE
ORF3	I-PRGE
has	O
expression	B-PROC
characteristic	O
of	O
aggregation	O
in	O
cytoplasm	B-COMP
,	O
but	O
its	O
biological	B-PROC
function	I-PROC
remains	O
elusive	O
.	O

Thus	O
,	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
γ	I-PRGE
plays	O
a	O
crucial	O
role	O
in	O
curtailing	O
enteric	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
infection	O
and	O
may	O
serve	O
as	O
an	O
effective	O
prophylactic	O
and	O
/	O
or	O
therapeutic	O
agent	O
against	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Ultra	O
-	O
Protective	O
Ventilation	O
Reduces	O
Biotrauma	O
in	O
Patients	O
on	O
Venovenous	O
Extracorporeal	O
Membrane	B-ANAT
Oxygenation	B-PROC
for	O
Severe	O
Acute	B-DISO
Respiratory	I-DISO
Distress	I-DISO
Syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Ventilator	O
settings	O
for	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
supported	O
by	O
venovenous	O
extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenation	B-PROC
are	O
currently	O
set	O
arbitrarily	O
.	O

After	O
starting	O
extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenation	B-PROC
,	O
patients	O
were	O
switched	O
to	O
the	O
bi	O
-	O
level	O
positive	O
airway	B-ANAT
pressure	O
mode	O
with	O
1	O
second	O
of	O
24	O
cm	O
H2O	B-CHED
high	O
pressure	O
and	O
2	O
seconds	O
of	O
12	O
cm	O
H2O	B-CHED
low	O
pressure	O
for	O
24	O
hours	O
.	O

Plasma	B-ANAT
sRAGE	O
and	O
cytokines	O
were	O
comparable	O
within	O
each	O
on	O
-	O
ECMO	O
experimental	O
step	O
,	O
but	O
the	O
lowest	O
bronchoalveolar	O
lavage	O
sRAGE	O
levels	O
were	O
obtained	O
at	O
minimal	O
driving	O
pressure	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Time	O
-	O
course	O
of	O
upper	B-ANAT
respiratory	I-ANAT
tract	I-ANAT
viral	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
and	O
COPD	B-DISO
exacerbation	I-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Viral	O
respiratory	O
tract	O
infections	O
have	O
been	O
implicated	O
as	O
the	O
predominant	O
risk	O
factor	O
for	O
acute	O
exacerbations	O
of	O
chronic	B-DISO
obstructive	I-DISO
pulmonary	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
(	O
AECOPD	O
).	O

Swabs	O
were	O
taken	O
during	O
stable	O
periods	B-PROC
(	O
n	O
=	O
1909	O
),	O
at	O
URTI	B-DISO
onset	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
391	O
),	O
10	O
days	O
after	O
the	O
URTI	B-DISO
(	O
n	O
=	O
356	O
)	O
and	O
during	O
an	O
AECOPD	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
177	O
)	O
and	O
tested	O
using	O
a	O
multiplex	O
nucleic	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
amplification	B-DISO
test	O
.	O

Evidence	O
of	O
at	O
least	O
one	O
respiratory	O
virus	B-SPEC
was	O
significantly	O
higher	O
at	O
URTI	B-DISO
onset	O
(	O
52	O
.	O
7	O
%),	O
10	O
days	O
after	O
the	O
URTI	B-DISO
(	O
15	O
.	O
2	O
%)	O
and	O
during	O
an	O
AECOPD	O
(	O
38	O
.	O
4	O
%),	O
compared	O
with	O
the	O
stable	O
period	O
(	O
5	O
.	O
3	O
%,	O
p	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
001	O
).	O

During	O
stable	O
visits	O
,	O
rhinovirus	O
accounted	O
for	O
54	O
.	O
2	O
%	O
of	O
all	O
viral	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
,	O
followed	O
by	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
20	O
.	O
5	O
%).	O

Patients	O
with	O
a	O
viral	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
at	O
URTI	B-DISO
onset	O
did	O
not	O
have	O
a	O
higher	O
incidence	O
of	O
exacerbation	O
than	O
patients	O
without	O
viral	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
(	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
993	O
).	O

Detection	O
of	O
parainfluenza	B-DISO
3	O
at	O
URTI	B-DISO
onset	O
was	O
associated	O
with	O
a	O
higher	O
risk	O
of	O
an	O
AECOPD	O
(	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
003	O
).	O

A	O
total	O
of	O
seven	O
studies	O
comprising	O
8010	O
patients	O
were	O
included	O
in	O
this	O
meta	B-SPEC
-	O
analysis	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
(	O
ALI	O
)	O
and	O
its	O
severe	O
manifestation	O
of	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
distress	O
syndrome	O
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
in	O
human	B-SPEC
lung	B-ANAT
are	O
induced	O
by	O
inflammatory	O
cytokines	O
and	O
endogenous	O
factors	O
such	O
as	O
miRNAs	O
.	O

Meanwhile	O
,	O
miR	O
-	O
150	O
improved	O
the	O
72	O
h	O
survival	O
rate	O
of	O
LPS	B-DISO
-	O
induced	O
ALI	O
mice	B-SPEC
.	O

Further	O
,	O
AKT3	B-PRGE
was	O
a	O
direct	O
target	O
of	O
miR	O
-	O
150	O
.	O

In	O
addition	O
,	O
miR	O
-	O
150	O
or	O
si	O
-	O
AKT3	B-PRGE
effectively	O
inhibited	O
the	O
phosphorylation	B-PROC
levels	O
of	O
c	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
Jun	I-PRGE
N	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
terminal	I-PRGE
kinase	I-PRGE
(	O
JNK	B-FUNC
)	O
and	O
nuclear	B-PRGE
factor	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
κB	I-PRGE
(	O
NF	O
-	O
κB	O
)	O
(	O
p65	B-PRGE
and	O
IκBα	O
).	O

In	O
the	O
control	O
group	O
,	O
patients	O
received	O
a	O
tidal	O
volume	O
of	O
6	O
mL	O
/	O
kg	O
per	O
predicted	O
bodyweight	O
and	O
positive	O
end	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
expiratory	I-PROC
pressure	O
(	O
PEEP	B-CHED
)	O
was	O
selected	O
according	O
to	O
a	O
low	O
PEEP	B-CHED
and	O
fraction	O
of	O
inspired	B-PROC
oxygen	B-CHED
table	O
,	O
and	O
early	O
prone	O
position	O
was	O
encouraged	O
.	O

In	O
the	O
personalised	O
group	O
,	O
the	O
treatment	O
approach	O
was	O
based	O
on	O
lung	B-ANAT
morphology	O
;	O
patients	O
with	O
focal	O
ARDS	B-DISO
received	O
a	O
tidal	O
volume	O
of	O
8	O
mL	O
/	O
kg	O
,	O
low	O
PEEP	B-CHED
,	O
and	O
prone	O
position	O
.	O

Personalisation	O
of	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
did	O
not	O
decrease	O
mortality	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
ARDS	B-DISO
,	O
possibly	O
because	O
of	O
the	O
misclassification	O
of	O
21	O
%	O
of	O
patients	O
.	O

The	O
results	O
revealed	O
that	O
HY	O
had	O
a	O
good	O
anti	O
-	O
IBV	B-SPEC
effect	O
when	O
HY	O
directly	O
treated	O
the	O
IBV	B-SPEC
-	O
infected	O
cells	B-COMP
,	O
and	O
virus	B-SPEC
infectivity	O
decreased	O
in	O
a	O
dose	O
-	O
dependent	O
manner	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Unfolded	O
Protein	B-CHED
Response	O
supports	O
endothelial	B-ANAT
barrier	O
function	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Ongoing	O
efforts	O
are	O
oriented	O
towards	O
the	O
development	O
of	O
novel	O
therapeutic	O
agents	O
to	O
repress	O
lung	B-ANAT
hyperpermeability	O
responses	O
due	O
to	O
inflammation	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
role	O
of	O
extracorporeal	O
life	O
support	O
in	O
the	O
management	O
of	O
adults	O
with	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
is	O
being	O
redefined	O
by	O
advances	O
in	O
technology	O
and	O
increasing	O
evidence	O
of	O
its	O
effectiveness	O
.	O

We	O
used	O
a	O
prospective	O
nationwide	O
cohort	O
targeting	B-PROC
consecutive	O
adult	O
severe	B-DISO
sepsis	I-DISO
patients	O
in	O
59	O
intensive	O
care	O
units	O
in	O
Japan	O
to	O
assess	O
associations	O
between	O
anticoagulant	B-CHED
therapy	O
and	O
in	O
-	O
hospital	O
mortality	O
according	O
to	O
DIC	B-DISO
(	O
International	O
Society	O
on	O
Thrombosis	B-DISO
and	O
Haemostasis	B-PROC
[	O
ISTH	O
]	O
overt	O
and	O
Japanese	O
Association	O
for	O
Acute	O
Medicine	B-CHED
DIC	B-DISO
scores	O
)	O
and	O
disease	O
severity	O
(	O
Acute	O
Physiology	O
and	O
Chronic	O
Health	O
Evaluation	O
II	O
[	O
APACHE	O
II	O
]	O
and	O
Sequential	O
Organ	O
Failure	O
Assessment	O
scores	O
).	O

Multivariable	O
Cox	O
proportional	O
hazard	O
regression	O
analysis	O
with	O
nonlinear	O
restricted	O
cubic	O
spline	O
including	O
a	O
two	O
-	O
way	O
interaction	O
term	O
(	O
treatment	O
×	O
each	O
score	O
)	O
and	O
three	O
-	O
way	O
interaction	O
term	O
(	O
treatment	O
×	O
ISTH	O
overt	O
DIC	B-DISO
score	O
×	O
APACHE	O
II	O
score	O
)	O
was	O
performed	O
.	O

The	O
regression	O
model	O
including	O
the	O
two	O
-	O
way	O
interaction	O
term	O
showed	O
significant	O
interaction	O
between	O
intervention	O
and	O
disease	O
severity	O
as	O
indicated	O
by	O
the	O
ISTH	O
overt	O
DIC	B-DISO
score	O
and	O
APACHE	O
II	O
score	O
(	O
CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
Anticoagulant	B-CHED
therapy	O
was	O
associated	O
with	O
better	O
outcome	O
according	O
to	O
the	O
deterioration	O
of	O
both	O
DIC	B-DISO
and	O
disease	O
severity	O
,	O
suggesting	O
that	O
anticoagulant	B-CHED
therapy	O
should	O
be	O
restricted	O
to	O
patients	O
having	O
DIC	B-DISO
and	O
high	O
disease	O
severity	O
simultaneously	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Acute	O
left	O
ventricular	O
(	O
LV	O
)	O
systolic	O
failure	O
as	O
a	O
consequence	O
of	O
acute	O
severe	O
brain	B-ANAT
injury	O
with	O
status	B-DISO
epilepticus	I-DISO
in	O
a	O
young	O
infant	O
is	O
not	O
common	O
;	O
managing	O
such	O
a	O
patient	O
on	O
extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenation	B-PROC
(	O
ECMO	O
),	O
which	O
requires	O
proper	O
anticoagulation	B-PROC
adds	O
further	O
substrate	O
to	O
a	O
particularly	O
intriguing	O
and	O
novel	O
case	O
worthy	O
of	O
reporting	O
.	O

The	O
average	O
duration	O
of	O
infection	B-DISO
is	O
8	O
days	O
and	O
up	O
to	O
2	O
weeks	O
;	O
if	O
the	O
child	O
presents	O
with	O
3	O
episodes	O
of	O
acute	O
infections	O
over	O
a	O
period	O
of	O
6	O
months	O
,	O
the	O
respiratory	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
are	O
then	O
considered	O
recurrent	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Immune	B-DISO
thrombocytopenic	I-DISO
purpura	I-DISO
(	O
ITP	B-DISO
)	O
is	O
an	O
autoimmune	B-DISO
disorder	I-DISO
that	O
causes	O
isolated	O
thrombocytopenia	O
.	O

Several	O
non	O
-	O
feline	B-SPEC
coronaviruses	O
have	O
been	O
reported	O
to	O
infect	O
feline	B-SPEC
cells	B-COMP
as	O
well	O
as	O
cats	B-SPEC
after	O
experimental	O
infection	B-DISO
,	O
supported	O
by	O
their	O
ability	O
to	O
engage	O
the	O
feline	B-SPEC
receptor	O
ortholog	O
for	O
cell	B-COMP
entry	O
.	O

To	O
conclude	O
,	O
we	O
provide	O
the	O
first	O
evidence	O
of	O
antigenic	O
cross	O
-	O
reactivity	O
among	O
S1	O
proteins	B-CHED
of	O
coronaviruses	O
,	O
which	O
should	O
be	O
considered	O
in	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
serological	O
diagnoses	O
.	O

To	O
further	O
elucidate	O
specific	O
interactions	O
between	O
human	B-SPEC
respiratory	O
viruses	B-SPEC
and	O
important	O
host	B-COMP
factors	O
in	O
the	O
airway	B-ANAT
epithelium	B-ANAT
,	O
it	O
is	O
important	O
to	O
make	O
hAEC	O
cultures	O
amenable	O
to	O
genetic	O
modification	O
.	O

Moreover	O
,	O
the	O
propagation	O
kinetics	O
of	O
both	O
human	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
229E	I-SPEC
(	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
229E	I-SPEC
)	O
and	O
human	B-SPEC
respiratory	I-SPEC
syncytial	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
hRSV	B-SPEC
)	O
were	O
not	O
affected	O
.	O

Studies	O
have	O
shown	O
that	O
hand	O
washing	O
with	O
PVP	B-CHED
-	O
I	O
-	O
based	O
antiseptics	O
is	O
effective	O
for	O
the	O
decontamination	O
of	O
skin	B-ANAT
,	O
while	O
PVP	B-CHED
-	O
I	O
mouthwashes	O
and	O
gargles	O
significantly	O
reduce	O
viral	O
load	O
in	O
the	O
oral	B-ANAT
cavity	I-ANAT
and	O
the	O
oropharynx	O
.	O

The	O
importance	O
of	O
PVP	B-CHED
-	O
I	O
has	O
been	O
emphasised	O
by	O
its	O
inclusion	O
in	O
the	O
World	O
Health	O
Organization	O
'	O
s	O
list	O
of	O
essential	O
medicines	O
,	O
and	O
high	O
potency	O
for	O
virucidal	O
activity	O
has	O
been	O
observed	O
against	O
viruses	B-SPEC
of	O
significant	O
global	O
concern	O
,	O
including	O
hepatitis	B-DISO
A	I-DISO
and	O
influenza	B-DISO
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
the	O
Middle	O
-	O
East	O
Respiratory	O
Syndrome	B-DISO
and	O
Sudden	O
Acute	O
Respiratory	O
Syndrome	B-DISO
coronaviruses	O
.	O

Forty	O
-	O
seven	O
adults	O
with	O
severe	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
requiring	O
extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenation	B-PROC
.	O

Patients	O
with	O
potential	O
for	O
lung	B-ANAT
recruitment	B-DISO
above	O
the	O
median	O
had	O
significantly	O
shorter	O
extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenation	B-PROC
duration	O
(	O
8	O
vs	O
13	O
d	O
;	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
013	O
)	O
and	O
shorter	O
ICU	O
stay	O
(	O
15	O
vs	O
22	O
d	O
;	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
028	O
),	O
but	O
mortality	O
was	O
not	O
statistically	O
different	O
(	O
24	O
%	O
vs	O
46	O
%;	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
159	O
).	O

The	O
availability	O
of	O
the	O
SeACoV	O
infectious	B-DISO
clone	O
and	O
a	O
panel	O
of	O
antibodies	B-COMP
against	O
different	O
viral	O
proteins	B-CHED
will	O
facilitate	O
further	O
studies	O
on	O
understanding	O
the	O
molecular	O
mechanisms	O
of	O
SeACoV	O
replication	O
and	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
.	O

Autonomic	B-ANAT
nerve	I-ANAT
dysfunctions	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
blood	B-PROC
pressure	I-PROC
fluctuations	B-DISO
and	O
arrhythmia	B-DISO
could	O
be	O
caused	O
in	O
GBS	B-DISO
,	O
of	O
which	O
about	O
3	O
%-	O
10	O
%	O
of	O
GBS	B-DISO
patients	O
would	O
die	O
.	O

The	O
key	O
measures	O
taken	O
on	O
lung	B-ANAT
recruitment	B-DISO
was	O
postural	O
drainage	B-ANAT
on	O
this	O
case	O
with	O
a	O
low	O
cost	O
but	O
a	O
qualified	O
effectiveness	O
.	O

Average	O
95th	O
percentile	O
pressure	O
was	O
low	O
(	O
9	O
.	O
3	O
±	O
1	O
.	O
7	O
cmH	B-DISO
CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
Adherence	O
to	O
CPAP	O
after	O
acute	O
,	O
traumatic	O
tetraplegia	B-DISO
is	O
low	O
.	O

We	O
describe	O
a	O
collaborative	O
study	O
to	O
investigate	O
the	O
comparability	O
of	O
serologic	O
assays	O
for	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
and	O
assess	O
any	O
benefit	O
associated	O
with	O
the	O
introduction	O
of	O
a	O
standard	O
reference	O
reagent	B-CHED
for	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
serology	O
.	O

We	O
found	O
that	O
a	O
MERS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
spike	I-PRGE
S1	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
-	O
based	O
ELISA	O
,	O
routinely	O
used	O
in	O
surveillance	O
studies	O
,	O
showed	O
low	O
sensitivity	O
in	O
detecting	O
infections	B-DISO
among	O
PCR	O
-	O
confirmed	O
patients	O
with	O
mild	O
clinical	O
symptoms	O
and	O
cross	O
-	O
reactivity	O
of	O
human	B-PRGE
coronavirus	I-PRGE
OC43	I-PRGE
-	O
positive	O
serum	B-COMP
samples	O
.	O

Using	O
in	O
-	O
house	O
S1	O
ELISA	O
and	O
protein	B-CHED
microarray	O
,	O
we	O
demonstrate	O
that	O
most	O
PCR	O
-	O
confirmed	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
case	O
-	O
patients	O
with	O
mild	O
infections	B-DISO
seroconverted	O
;	O
nonetheless	O
,	O
some	O
of	O
these	O
samples	O
did	O
not	O
have	O
detectable	O
levels	O
of	O
virus	B-SPEC
-	O
neutralizing	O
antibodies	B-COMP
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Recent	O
Advances	O
in	O
the	O
Vaccine	O
Development	B-PROC
Against	O
Middle	O
East	O
Respiratory	O
Syndrome	B-DISO
-	O
Coronavirus	B-SPEC
.	O

It	O
continues	O
to	O
be	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
most	O
important	O
preventable	O
causes	O
of	O
blindness	B-DISO
in	O
children	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
when	O
a	O
multivariate	O
analysis	O
was	O
performed	O
,	O
only	O
low	O
gestational	O
age	O
,	O
total	O
days	O
on	O
oxygen	B-CHED
supplement	O
and	O
high	O
bilirubin	B-CHED
levels	O
were	O
significant	O
regarding	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
ROP	B-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
In	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
a	O
pathogenic	O
avian	O
infectious	O
bronchitis	O
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
IBV	B-SPEC
)	O
QX	O
-	O
type	O
strain	O
YN	O
was	O
successfully	O
rescued	O
by	O
vaccinia	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
based	O
reverse	O
genetic	O
technology	O
.	O

This	O
strategy	O
was	O
chosen	O
to	O
facilitate	O
the	O
rescue	O
procedure	O
and	O
to	O
ensure	O
that	O
the	O
recombinant	O
rYN	O
virus	B-SPEC
will	O
not	O
require	O
any	O
cell	B-COMP
culture	O
adaptations	B-PROC
.	O

All	O
patients	O
with	O
serology	O
proven	O
dengue	B-DISO
fever	I-DISO
admitted	O
to	O
MICU	O
between	O
1st	O
July	O
2015	O
and1st	O
December	O
2015	O
were	O
included	O
in	O
the	O
study	O
.	O

Survival	O
to	O
hospital	O
discharge	B-ANAT
was	O
78	O
.	O
9	O
%.	O

Acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
),	O
acute	O
kidney	B-ANAT
injury	O
(	O
AKI	O
)	O
and	O
shock	O
were	O
the	O
clinical	O
syndromes	B-DISO
associated	O
with	O
mortality	O
.	O

We	O
present	O
an	O
unusual	O
case	O
of	O
left	B-ANAT
upper	I-ANAT
limb	I-ANAT
acute	O
arterial	B-DISO
thrombosis	I-DISO
with	O
purpura	B-DISO
fulminans	I-DISO
like	O
skin	B-ANAT
lesions	O
precipitated	O
by	O
swine	B-DISO
flu	I-DISO
(	O
H1N1	O
)	O
infection	B-DISO
with	O
adult	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
subsequently	O
developing	O
acute	B-DISO
renal	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
,	O
retinal	B-CHED
infarcts	B-DISO
,	O
multiple	O
acute	O
cerebral	B-DISO
infarcts	I-DISO
,	O
cardiac	B-ANAT
valvular	O
vegetations	B-DISO
and	O
hemolytic	B-DISO
anemia	I-DISO
with	O
recurrent	O
bleeding	B-DISO
episodes	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Paraquat	B-CHED
(	O
1	O
,	O
1	O
'-	O
dimethyl	B-CHED
-	O
4	O
,	O
4	O
'-	O
dipyridylium	O
)	O
is	O
a	O
broad	O
-	O
spectrum	O
liquid	O
herbicide	B-CHED
associated	O
with	O
both	O
accidental	O
and	O
intentional	O
ingestion	O
leading	O
to	O
severe	O
and	O
often	O
fatal	O
toxicity	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Case	O
report	O
:	O
Detection	O
of	O
the	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
corona	B-CHED
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
in	O
nasal	B-ANAT
secretions	B-ANAT
of	O
a	O
dead	B-PROC
human	B-SPEC
.	O

Detection	O
of	O
C	O
.	O
psittaci	O
was	O
achieved	O
using	O
polymerase	O
chain	O
reaction	O
(	O
PCR	O
)	O
testing	O
of	O
swabs	O
of	O
nasal	B-ANAT
secretions	B-ANAT
(	O
4	O
/	O
6	O
)	O
and	O
rectal	B-ANAT
mucosa	I-ANAT
(	O
5	O
/	O
7	O
)	O
from	O
live	O
foals	O
,	O
lung	B-ANAT
tissues	I-ANAT
of	O
foals	O
at	O
necropsy	O
(	O
11	O
/	O
14	O
)	O
and	O
foetal	O
membranes	B-ANAT
(	O
4	O
/	O
5	O
).	O

It	O
was	O
also	O
deduced	O
that	O
some	O
flavonoid	B-CHED
derivatives	O
with	O
hydrophobic	O
or	O
carbohydrate	B-CHED
attached	O
to	O
their	O
core	O
structures	O
have	O
a	O
good	O
inhibitory	O
effect	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Discovery	O
and	O
Characterization	O
of	O
Novel	O
RNA	O
Viruses	B-SPEC
in	O
Aquatic	O
North	O
American	O
Wild	O
Birds	B-SPEC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Wild	O
birds	O
are	O
recognized	O
viral	O
reservoirs	O
but	O
our	O
understanding	O
about	O
avian	B-SPEC
viral	O
diversity	O
is	O
limited	O
.	O

We	O
describe	O
here	O
three	O
novel	O
RNA	O
viruses	B-SPEC
that	O
we	O
identified	O
in	O
oropharyngeal	B-ANAT
/	O
cloacal	B-ANAT
swabs	O
collected	O
from	O
wild	O
birds	B-SPEC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Simple	O
phenomenological	O
growth	B-PROC
models	O
can	O
be	O
useful	O
for	O
estimating	O
transmission	O
parameters	O
and	O
forecasting	O
epidemic	O
trajectories	O
.	O

Furthermore	O
,	O
our	O
findings	O
support	O
the	O
view	O
that	O
the	O
national	O
incidence	O
curve	O
of	O
the	O
Ebola	O
epidemic	O
in	O
DRC	B-PRGE
follows	O
a	O
stable	O
incidence	O
pattern	O
with	O
periodic	O
behavior	O
that	O
can	O
be	O
decomposed	O
into	O
overlapping	O
sub	O
-	O
epidemics	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Sequence	O
analyses	O
of	O
RNA	O
virus	O
genomes	O
remain	O
challenging	O
owing	O
to	O
the	O
exceptional	O
genetic	O
plasticity	O
of	O
these	O
viruses	B-SPEC
.	O

Because	O
of	O
high	O
mutation	O
and	O
recombination	B-PROC
rates	O
,	O
genome	O
replication	O
by	O
viral	O
RNA	O
-	O
dependent	O
RNA	B-PRGE
polymerases	I-PRGE
leads	O
to	O
populations	O
of	O
closely	O
related	O
viruses	B-SPEC
,	O
so	O
-	O
called	O
""""	O
quasispecies	O
.	O

Standard	O
(	O
short	O
-	O
read	O
)	O
sequencing	O
technologies	O
are	O
ill	B-DISO
-	O
suited	O
to	O
reconstruct	O
large	O
numbers	O
of	O
full	O
-	O
length	O
haplotypes	O
of	O
(	O
1	O
)	O
RNA	O
virus	B-SPEC
genomes	O
and	O
(	O
2	O
)	O
subgenome	O
-	O
length	O
(	O
sg	O
)	O
RNAs	O
composed	O
of	O
noncontiguous	O
genome	O
regions	O
.	O

A	O
literature	O
search	O
was	O
conducted	O
to	O
identify	O
studies	O
related	O
to	O
nutrition	B-PROC
support	O
and	O
macronutrient	B-CHED
ratios	O
in	O
burn	O
patients	O
.	O

During	O
a	O
weaning	B-PROC
period	O
on	O
day	O
7	O
,	O
she	O
developed	O
left	O
tension	B-DISO
pneumothorax	I-DISO
requiring	O
intercostal	O
drainage	B-ANAT
and	O
a	O
markedly	O
large	O
amount	O
of	O
pneumoperitoneum	B-DISO
.	O

A	O
case	O
of	O
tension	B-DISO
pneumoperitoneum	B-DISO
probably	O
caused	O
by	O
high	O
-	O
frequency	O
oscillatory	O
ventilation	O
was	O
reported	O
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
A	O
case	O
of	O
tension	B-DISO
pneumoperitoneum	B-DISO
probably	O
caused	O
by	O
high	O
-	O
frequency	O
oscillatory	O
ventilation	O
was	O
reported	O
.	O

On	O
the	O
other	O
hand	O
,	O
there	O
were	O
no	O
significant	O
differences	O
in	O
the	O
renal	B-ANAT
status	O
and	O
fluid	B-PROC
balance	I-PROC
parameters	O
between	O
the	O
non	O
-	O
survivors	O
and	O
survivors	O
in	O
the	O
2013	O
-	O
2016	O
cohort	O
.	O

We	O
demonstrate	O
that	O
emerging	O
and	O
clinically	O
relevant	O
human	B-SPEC
pathogens	O
such	O
as	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
,	O
Zika	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
,	O
respiratory	B-SPEC
syncytial	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
and	O
cytomegalovirus	B-SPEC
replicate	O
in	O
vivo	O
in	O
these	O
lung	B-ANAT
implants	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Coronaviruses	O
as	O
the	O
cause	O
of	O
respiratory	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
].	O

In	O
current	O
clinical	O
practice	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
has	O
no	O
importance	O
as	O
it	O
has	O
not	O
been	O
detected	O
in	O
humans	B-SPEC
for	O
15	O
years	O
;	O
however	O
,	O
a	O
possible	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
infection	B-DISO
should	O
be	O
taken	O
into	O
account	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
typical	O
symptoms	O
and	O
travel	O
history	O
to	O
endemic	O
regions	O
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
All	O
six	O
human	B-SPEC
CoVs	O
can	O
be	O
diagnosed	O
using	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
on	O
respiratory	O
specimens	O
but	O
this	O
is	O
rarely	O
necessary	O
for	O
the	O
four	O
endemic	O
strains	O
.	O

Cattle	B-SPEC
production	O
is	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
most	O
important	O
economic	O
sectors	O
in	O
Uruguay	O
.	O

The	O
detection	O
rate	O
of	O
BCoV	O
in	O
samples	O
from	O
deceased	B-PROC
and	O
live	O
calves	O
was	O
10	O
.	O
0	O
%	O
(	O
6	O
/	O
60	O
)	O
and	O
7	O
.	O
6	O
%	O
(	O
58	O
/	O
763	O
),	O
respectively	O
.	O

Because	O
of	O
their	O
origin	O
in	O
the	O
bat	B-ENZY
enteric	O
system	O
,	O
we	O
wondered	O
if	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
or	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
CoV	O
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
also	O
use	O
bacterial	O
components	O
to	O
modulate	O
infectivity	O
.	O

ARF	B-DISO
as	O
a	O
consequence	O
of	O
neurological	O
complications	O
were	O
observed	O
in	O
25	O
(	O
18	O
.	O
1	O
%)	O
patients	O
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
In	O
the	O
year	O
following	O
the	O
initiation	O
of	O
the	O
mPATH	O
team	O
,	O
we	O
observed	O
earlier	O
time	O
to	O
occupational	O
,	O
physical	O
,	O
and	O
speech	B-PROC
therapist	O
evaluation	O
,	O
decreased	O
length	O
of	O
stay	O
,	O
and	O
cost	O
savings	O
in	O
severe	O
traumatic	O
brain	B-ANAT
and	I-ANAT
spinal	I-ANAT
cord	I-ANAT
injury	O
patients	O
requiring	O
tracheostomy	O
compared	O
with	O
our	O
historical	O
control	O
.	O

The	O
objective	O
of	O
this	O
study	O
was	O
to	O
identify	O
the	O
mortality	O
risk	O
factors	O
in	O
the	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
influenza	B-SPEC
virus	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
admitted	O
to	O
the	O
pediatric	O
intensive	O
care	O
unit	O
(	O
PICU	B-SPEC
).	O
Seventy	O
-	O
seven	O
pediatric	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
influenza	B-SPEC
virus	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
who	O
were	O
admitted	O
in	O
the	O
PICU	B-SPEC
at	O
Guangzhou	O
Women	O
and	O
Children	O
'	O
s	O
Medical	O
Center	O
between	O
2013	O
and	O
2017	O
were	O
evaluated	O
.	O

Haemophilus	O
influenzae	O
(	O
11	O
.	O
7	O
%)	O
and	O
adenovirus	B-DISO
(	O
9	O
.	O
1	O
%)	O
were	O
the	O
predominant	O
bacterial	O
and	O
viral	O
pathogens	O
isolated	O
,	O
respectively	O
.	O

Higher	O
P	O
/	O
F	O
ratio	O
was	O
a	O
protective	O
factor	O
against	O
death	B-PROC
in	O
patients	O
.	O

This	O
study	O
was	O
aimed	O
at	O
evaluating	O
whether	O
microRNAs	O
(	O
miRNAs	O
)	O
in	O
circulating	O
exosomes	O
have	O
the	O
predictive	O
values	O
for	O
patients	O
at	O
risk	O
of	O
developing	O
ARDS	B-DISO
due	O
to	O
SCAP	B-PRGE
.	O

Despite	O
its	O
utility	O
in	O
treating	O
severe	O
ARDS	B-DISO
and	O
other	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
processes	O
,	O
ECMO	O
has	O
not	O
been	O
universally	O
embraced	O
by	O
the	O
trauma	O
community	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
A	O
Novel	O
Bacterium	B-SPEC
-	O
Like	O
Particle	O
Vaccine	O
Displaying	O
the	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
Receptor	O
-	O
Binding	B-FUNC
Domain	O
Induces	O
Specific	O
Mucosal	O
and	O
Systemic	O
Immune	B-PROC
Responses	I-PROC
in	O
Mice	B-SPEC
.	O

The	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
prophylactics	O
and	O
therapeutics	O
is	O
urgently	O
needed	O
to	O
prevent	O
and	O
control	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
infections	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
objective	O
of	O
this	O
study	O
was	O
to	O
analyze	O
the	O
influence	O
of	O
accidental	O
hypothermia	O
on	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
complications	I-DISO
in	O
multiply	O
injured	O
patients	O
with	O
blunt	O
chest	B-ANAT
trauma	O
.	O

Multiply	O
injured	O
patients	O
[	O
injury	O
severity	O
score	O
(	O
ISS	B-DISO
)	O
≥	O
16	O
]	O
with	O
severe	O
blunt	O
chest	B-ANAT
trauma	O
[	O
abbreviated	O
injury	O
scale	O
of	O
the	O
chest	B-ANAT
(	O
AISchest	O
)	O
≥	O
3	O
]	O
were	O
analyzed	O
.	O

The	O
recruitment	B-DISO
maneuver	O
(	O
RM	O
)	O
is	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
interventions	O
used	O
for	O
ARDS	B-DISO
patients	O
suffering	B-DISO
from	O
severe	O
hypoxemia	O
.	O

To	O
assess	O
the	O
effects	O
of	O
RM	O
in	O
ARDS	B-DISO
,	O
we	O
conducted	O
a	O
study	O
using	O
three	O
groups	O
of	O
pigs	B-SPEC
(	O
n	O
=	O
6	O
in	O
each	O
group	O
):	O
group	O
I	O
(	O
control	O
),	O
group	O
II	O
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
),	O
and	O
group	O
III	O
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
with	O
RM	O
).	O

All	O
such	O
coronaviruses	O
(	O
CoVs	O
)	O
were	O
confirmed	O
to	O
originate	O
from	O
bats	B-SPEC
.	O

Neuraminidase	B-PROC
inhibitors	I-PROC
are	O
currently	O
the	O
treatment	O
of	O
choice	O
for	O
IV	O
infections	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
patients	O
had	O
3	O
.	O
4	O
±	O
1	O
.	O
7	O
respiratory	B-DISO
tract	I-DISO
infections	I-DISO
episodes	O
per	O
child	O
per	O
year	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Identification	O
of	O
peptide	B-CHED
domains	O
involved	O
in	O
the	O
subcellular	O
localization	B-PROC
of	O
the	O
feline	B-SPEC
coronavirus	B-SPEC
3b	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Our	O
pilot	O
study	O
suggested	O
that	O
noninvasive	O
ventilation	O
(	O
NIV	O
)	O
reduced	O
the	O
need	O
for	O
intubation	O
compared	O
with	O
conventional	O
administration	O
of	O
oxygen	B-CHED
on	O
patients	O
with	O
""""	O
early	O
""""	O
stage	O
of	O
mild	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
,	O
PaO	B-PROC
To	O
evaluate	O
whether	O
early	O
NIV	O
can	O
reduce	O
the	O
need	O
for	O
invasive	O
ventilation	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
-	O
induced	O
early	O
mild	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
major	O
bottlenecks	O
in	O
implementing	O
OH	O
in	O
Nepal	O
include	O
poor	O
organizational	O
structure	O
to	O
support	O
OH	O
,	O
absence	O
of	O
a	O
legal	O
framework	O
to	O
implement	O
OH	O
,	O
poor	O
coordination	B-PROC
among	O
different	O
governmental	O
agencies	O
,	O
insufficient	O
technical	O
expertise	O
,	O
poor	O
data	O
sharing	O
mechanism	O
across	O
sectors	O
,	O
limited	O
budget	O
and	O
poor	O
understanding	O
at	O
political	O
level	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Some	O
One	O
Health	O
based	O
control	O
strategies	O
for	O
the	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
.	O

Infected	O
camels	B-SPEC
shed	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
in	O
body	B-ANAT
secretions	I-ANAT
,	O
particularly	O
nasal	B-ANAT
discharges	B-ANAT
.	O

The	O
use	O
of	O
plasmapheresis	O
is	O
considered	O
useful	O
in	O
acute	O
anti	O
-	O
glomerular	B-ANAT
basement	I-ANAT
membrane	I-ANAT
(	O
GBM	B-DISO
)	O
disease	O
(	O
Goodpasture	B-DISO
'	I-DISO
s	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
)	O
or	O
catastrophic	O
antiphospholipid	B-DISO
antibody	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
APS	B-DISO
).	O

In	O
Henan	O
province	O
of	O
China	O
,	O
three	O
swine	B-SPEC
farms	O
broke	O
out	O
diarrhea	B-DISO
in	O
different	O
ages	O
of	O
pigs	B-SPEC
during	O
June	O
of	O
2017	O
,	O
March	O
of	O
2018	O
and	O
January	O
of	O
2019	O
,	O
respectively	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Pediatric	O
firearm	O
-	O
related	O
traumatic	O
brain	B-ANAT
injury	O
in	O
United	O
States	O
trauma	O
centers	O
.	O

Variables	O
of	O
interest	O
included	O
injury	O
intent	O
,	O
firearm	O
type	O
,	O
site	O
of	O
incident	O
,	O
age	O
,	O
sex	O
,	O
race	O
,	O
health	O
insurance	O
,	O
geographic	O
region	O
,	O
trauma	O
center	O
level	O
,	O
isolated	O
traumatic	O
brain	B-ANAT
injury	O
(	O
TBI	O
),	O
hypotension	O
in	O
the	O
emergency	B-DISO
department	O
,	O
Glasgow	O
Coma	B-DISO
Scale	O
(	O
GCS	O
)	O
score	O
,	O
and	O
Injury	O
Severity	O
Score	O
(	O
ISS	B-DISO
).	O

Lower	O
GCS	O
scores	O
,	O
higher	O
ISSs	O
,	O
and	O
emergency	B-DISO
room	O
hypotension	O
predicted	O
poorer	O
outcomes	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Peptide	B-CHED
presentation	O
by	O
bat	B-PRGE
MHC	B-PROC
class	B-SPEC
I	O
provides	O
new	O
insight	O
into	O
the	O
antiviral	B-CHED
immunity	B-PROC
of	O
bats	B-SPEC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Myocardial	B-DISO
calcification	I-DISO
in	O
a	O
patient	O
with	O
B	O
-	O
lymphoblastic	B-DISO
leukemia	I-DISO
accompanied	O
by	O
tumor	B-DISO
lysis	B-PROC
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

Circulatory	B-PROC
and	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
due	O
to	O
left	B-DISO
heart	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
progressed	O
,	O
and	O
he	O
died	B-PROC
3	O
days	O
after	O
administration	O
of	O
prednisolone	B-CHED
.	O

The	O
drastic	O
increase	O
in	O
the	O
serum	B-COMP
phosphorus	B-CHED
level	O
caused	O
by	O
tumor	B-DISO
lysis	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
seemed	O
to	O
be	O
associated	O
with	O
myocardial	B-DISO
calcification	I-DISO
.	O

High	O
dose	O
corticosteroid	B-CHED
therapy	O
and	O
lung	B-ANAT
-	O
protective	O
ventilation	O
strategies	O
may	O
help	O
for	O
complete	O
recovery	O
of	O
lung	O
function	O
.	O

According	O
to	O
western	O
blots	O
,	O
serum	O
antibody	B-PROC
interactions	I-PROC
with	O
the	O
S1	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
were	O
relatively	O
more	O
sensitive	O
and	O
specific	O
than	O
ORF3C	O
,	O
E	O
and	O
Ac	O
.	O

We	O
observed	O
that	O
knockdown	O
of	O
G3BP1	B-PRGE
by	O
silencing	O
RNA	O
significantly	O
increased	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
replication	O
.	O

Site	O
mutagenesis	B-PROC
and	O
peptide	B-CHED
-	O
based	O
enzyme	O
-	O
linked	O
immunosorbent	O
assays	O
(	O
ELISAs	O
)	O
showed	O
that	O
16R	O
in	O
S2	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
was	O
a	O
key	O
amino	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
mediating	O
the	O
antigenicity	O
of	O
S2	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
.	O

The	O
State	O
University	O
of	O
New	O
York	O
Upstate	O
Medical	O
University	O
and	O
the	O
Trudeau	O
Institute	O
convened	O
a	O
summit	O
of	O
key	O
opinion	O
and	O
thought	O
leaders	O
in	O
the	O
life	O
sciences	O
and	O
biomedical	O
research	O
and	O
development	B-PROC
enterprises	O
to	O
explore	O
global	O
biopreparedness	O
challenges	O
,	O
take	O
an	O
inventory	O
of	O
existing	O
capabilities	O
and	O
capacities	O
related	O
to	O
preparation	O
and	O
response	O
,	O
assess	O
current	O
""""	O
gaps	O
","""	O
and	O
prospect	O
what	O
could	O
be	O
done	O
to	O
improve	O
our	O
position	O
.	O

Herein	O
we	O
describe	O
the	O
summit	O
proceedings	O
,	O
""""	O
Translational	O
Immunology	O
Supporting	O
Biomedical	O
Countermeasure	O
Development	B-PROC
for	O
Emerging	O
Vector	O
-	O
borne	O
Viral	B-DISO
Diseases	I-DISO
","""	O
held	O
October	O
2	O
-	O
3	O
,	O
2018	O
,	O
at	O
the	O
Trudeau	O
Institute	O
in	O
Saranac	O
Lake	B-SPEC
,	O
NY	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Although	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
extra	O
-	O
corporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenation	B-PROC
(	O
ECMO	B-PROC
)	O
has	O
been	O
rapidly	O
increasing	O
,	O
the	O
benefit	O
of	O
ECMO	B-PROC
in	O
patients	O
with	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
remains	O
unclear	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
virus	B-PROC
infection	I-PROC
induces	O
liver	B-ANAT
injury	O
in	O
mice	B-SPEC
.	O

This	O
study	O
aimed	O
to	O
investigate	O
the	O
occurrence	O
of	O
hepatitis	B-DISO
by	O
establishing	O
a	O
model	O
for	O
infected	O
mice	B-SPEC
for	O
three	O
different	O
subtypes	O
of	O
respiratory	O
IAVs	O
(	O
H1N1	O
,	O
H5N1	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
H7N2	O
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Multiple	O
divergent	O
Human	B-SPEC
mastadenovirus	B-SPEC
C	O
co	O
-	O
circulating	O
in	O
mainland	O
of	O
China	O
.	O

Using	O
this	O
ancient	O
therapy	O
as	O
a	O
complementary	O
medicine	O
,	O
the	O
management	O
of	O
serious	O
medical	O
conditions	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
SARS	B-DISO
,	O
acute	O
heart	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
,	O
and	O
ischemic	O
cerebral	B-DISO
stroke	I-DISO
,	O
are	O
presented	O
.	O

We	O
conclude	O
that	O
NMB	O
is	O
frequently	O
used	O
by	O
academic	O
intensivists	O
to	O
facilitate	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
moderate	O
to	O
severe	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
212	O
(	O
24	O
.	O
3	O
%)	O
of	O
871	O
respondents	O
completed	O
the	O
survey	O
:	O
94	O
.	O
7	O
%	O
were	O
board	O
-	O
certified	O
in	O
internal	O
medicine	B-CHED
,	O
88	O
%	O
in	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
and	O
critical	O
care	O
;	O
90	O
.	O
3	O
%	O
practiced	O
in	O
academic	O
medical	O
centers	O
,	O
with	O
87	O
%	O
working	O
in	O
medical	O
ICUs	O
;	O
96	O
.	O
6	O
%	O
of	O
respondents	O
who	O
treat	O
ARDS	B-DISO
use	O
NMB	O
,	O
and	O
39	O
.	O
7	O
%	O
use	O
NMB	O
in	O
≥	O
50	O
%	O
of	O
these	O
patients	O
.	O

Vaccination	O
is	O
an	O
important	O
method	O
to	O
control	O
the	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
.	O

Here	O
we	O
describe	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
an	O
innovative	O
mouse	B-SPEC
model	O
of	O
pneumococcal	B-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
developed	O
for	O
enhanced	O
clinical	O
relevance	O
.	O

We	O
then	O
did	O
a	O
series	O
of	O
experiments	O
in	O
mice	B-SPEC
in	O
which	O
we	O
systematically	O
varied	O
the	O
pneumococcal	O
inoculum	O
and	O
the	O
timing	O
of	O
antibiotics	B-CHED
while	O
measuring	O
systemic	O
and	O
lung	B-ANAT
-	O
specific	O
end	O
points	O
,	O
producing	O
a	O
range	O
of	O
models	O
that	O
mirrors	O
the	O
spectrum	O
of	O
pneumococcal	O
lung	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
in	O
patients	O
,	O
from	O
mild	O
self	O
-	O
resolving	O
infection	B-DISO
to	O
severe	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
refractory	O
to	O
antibiotics	B-CHED
.	O

Community	O
-	O
acquired	O
respiratory	O
viruses	B-SPEC
(	O
CARVs	O
)	O
pose	O
a	O
particular	O
challenge	O
due	O
to	O
the	O
frequent	O
exposure	O
pre	O
-,	O
peri	O
-,	O
and	O
posttransplantation	O
.	O

We	O
describe	O
the	O
management	O
of	O
ACS	B-FUNC
with	O
VV	O
-	O
ECMO	O
using	O
two	O
different	O
approaches	O
,	O
namely	O
with	O
and	O
without	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
.	O

This	O
work	O
proposes	O
a	O
framework	O
to	O
guide	O
the	O
evaluation	O
of	O
PPE	B-CHED
.	O

Here	O
,	O
we	O
review	O
our	O
understanding	O
of	O
the	O
infection	B-DISO
mechanism	O
used	O
by	O
coronaviruses	O
derived	O
from	O
recent	O
structural	O
and	O
biochemical	O
studies	O
.	O

Then	O
,	O
purified	O
Nb2	B-PRGE
-	O
Avi	O
-	O
tag	B-DISO
fusion	O
protein	B-CHED
was	O
biotinylated	O
in	O
vitro	O
.	O

One	O
hundred	O
and	O
fifty	O
clinical	O
serum	B-COMP
samples	O
were	O
tested	O
by	O
both	O
newly	O
developed	O
bELISA	O
and	O
commercial	O
kits	O
.	O

The	O
2017	O
-	O
2018	O
influenza	B-DISO
season	O
in	O
Italy	O
was	O
of	O
greater	O
severity	O
than	O
previous	O
seasons	O
.	O

The	O
incidence	O
of	O
influenza	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
like	I-DISO
illness	I-DISO
(	O
ILI	O
)	O
was	O
analysed	O
.	O

Nasopharyngeal	B-ANAT
swabs	O
collected	O
from	O
patients	O
with	O
ILI	O
from	O
week	O
46	O
/	O
2017	O
to	O
week	O
17	O
/	O
2018	O
were	O
tested	O
to	O
identify	O
influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
viruses	B-SPEC
(	O
IAV	O
)	O
and	O
influenza	B-DISO
B	O
viruses	B-SPEC
(	O
IBV	B-SPEC
).	O

Among	O
the	O
>	O
64	O
-	O
year	O
age	O
group	O
,	O
18	O
out	O
of	O
26	O
ICU	O
-	O
ARDS	B-DISO
cases	O
(	O
69	O
.	O
2	O
%)	O
were	O
caused	O
by	O
IBV	B-SPEC
,	O
and	O
14	O
of	O
these	O
(	O
77	O
.	O
8	O
%)	O
were	O
B	O
/	O
Yamagata	O
lineage	O
.	O

IBV	B-SPEC
mismatch	O
between	O
the	O
trivalent	O
vaccine	O
and	O
the	O
circulating	O
strains	O
occurred	O
.	O

Despite	O
the	O
importance	O
of	O
the	O
spike	O
protein	B-CHED
in	O
viral	O
entry	O
and	O
host	B-COMP
immune	B-PROC
responses	I-PROC
,	O
high	O
-	O
resolution	O
structural	O
information	O
concerning	O
this	O
large	O
macromolecular	O
machine	O
has	O
been	O
difficult	O
to	O
obtain	O
.	O

The	O
pathogenic	O
mechanisms	O
that	O
lead	O
to	O
respiratory	B-DISO
complications	I-DISO
,	O
such	O
as	O
vascular	B-ANAT
leakage	B-DISO
,	O
remain	O
unclear	O
.	O

Here	O
,	O
we	O
confirm	O
that	O
depleting	O
CD8	B-PRGE

Histologic	O
examination	O
of	O
the	O
tissues	B-ANAT
with	O
subsequent	O
immunohistochemistry	O
confirmed	O
FIP	B-DISO
-	O
associated	O
meningoencephalomyelitis	B-DISO
following	O
necropsy	O
.	O

The	O
arterial	B-ANAT
blood	I-ANAT
gas	O
showed	O
severe	O
oxygenation	B-PROC
impairment	B-DISO
and	O
he	O
was	O
intubated	O
for	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
.	O

The	O
radiographs	O
showed	O
bilateral	O
widespread	O
interstitial	B-ANAT
shadowing	O
.	O

The	O
echocardiography	O
showed	O
normal	O
heart	B-ANAT
and	O
ruled	O
out	O
cardiogenic	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
oedemic	O
.	O

It	O
can	O
cause	O
ARDS	B-DISO
and	O
other	O
respiratory	O
illnesses	O
such	O
as	O
bronchitis	B-DISO
,	O
metal	B-CHED
fumes	O
fever	B-PROC
and	O
chronic	O
pneumonitis	B-DISO
.	O

However	O
,	O
the	O
primary	O
element	O
influencing	O
the	O
codon	O
bias	B-SPEC
of	O
PDCoVs	O
was	O
natural	O
selection	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
In	O
general	O
,	O
heterocyclic	B-CHED
compounds	I-CHED
are	O
a	O
significant	O
source	O
of	O
pharmacologically	O
active	O
compounds	O
.	O

So	O
far	O
,	O
many	O
natural	O
and	O
synthetic	O
indole	B-CHED
derivatives	O
have	O
been	O
discovered	O
as	O
promising	O
anti	O
-	O
cancer	B-DISO
agents	O
used	O
in	O
clinic	O
or	O
clinical	O
evaluations	O
,	O
suggesting	O
its	O
prominent	O
place	O
in	O
anti	O
-	O
cancer	B-DISO
drugs	O
development	B-PROC
.	O

In	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
patient	O
characteristics	O
and	O
physician	O
behaviors	B-PROC
were	O
demonstrated	O
to	O
be	O
associated	O
with	O
differences	O
in	O
ventilator	O
management	O
in	O
both	O
ARDS	B-DISO
and	O
control	O
patients	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Generating	O
and	O
evaluating	O
type	O
I	O
interferon	B-PRGE
receptor	I-PRGE
-	O
deficient	O
and	O
feline	B-SPEC
TMPRSS2	O
-	O
expressing	O
cells	O
for	O
propagating	O
serotype	O
I	O
feline	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
peritonitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
.	O

Before	O
the	O
start	O
of	O
ECMO	O
,	O
RV	B-DISO
hypertrophy	I-DISO
was	O
present	O
in	O
28	O
patients	O
(	O
60	O
.	O
8	O
%)	O
with	O
no	O
significant	O
differences	O
in	O
baseline	O
characteristics	O
between	O
the	O
2	O
subgroups	O
.	O

At	O
ICU	O
discharge	B-ANAT
,	O
all	O
patients	O
showed	O
RV	B-DISO
hypertrophy	I-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Selection	O
and	O
Characterization	O
of	O
Monoclonal	O
Antibodies	B-COMP
Targeting	B-PROC
Middle	O
East	O
Respiratory	O
Syndrome	B-DISO
Coronavirus	B-SPEC
through	O
a	O
Human	B-PRGE
Synthetic	I-PRGE
Fab	I-PRGE
Phage	O
Display	O
Library	O
Panning	O
.	O

Proteomic	O
analysis	O
was	O
then	O
conducted	O
to	O
assess	O
the	O
expression	B-PROC
dynamics	O
of	O
the	O
host	B-COMP
proteins	B-CHED
in	O
the	O
PDCoV	B-PRGE
NS7	I-PRGE
-	O
expressing	O
cells	B-COMP
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Mechanical	O
ventilation	O
with	O
ultra	O
-	O
low	O
tidal	O
volume	O
(	O
VT	O
)	O
during	O
ARDS	B-DISO
may	O
reduce	O
alveolar	B-ANAT
strain	O
,	O
driving	O
pressure	O
and	O
hence	O
ventilator	O
-	O
induced	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
,	O
with	O
the	O
main	O
drawback	O
of	O
worsening	O
respiratory	B-DISO
acidosis	I-DISO
.	O

Diabetic	O
mice	B-SPEC
had	O
fewer	O
inflammatory	O
monocyte	B-ANAT
/	O
macrophages	B-ANAT
and	O
CD4	B-PRGE
+	I-PRGE
T	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
,	O
which	O
correlated	O
with	O
lower	O
levels	O
of	O
Ccl2	B-PRGE
and	O
Cxcl10	B-PRGE
expression	B-PROC
.	O

Among	O
them	O
,	O
α	O
-	O
hydroxytropolones	O
,	O
N	O
-	O
hydroxyisoquinolinediones	O
and	O
N	O
-	O
hydroxypyridinediones	O
represent	O
chemotypes	O
active	O
against	O
both	O
HIV	B-DISO
and	O
HBV	B-DISO
RNases	O
H	O
.	O
In	O
this	O
review	O
we	O
summarize	O
recent	O
developments	O
in	O
the	O
field	O
including	O
the	O
identification	O
of	O
novel	O
RNase	B-PRGE
H	I-PRGE
inhibitors	B-CHED
,	O
compounds	O
with	O
dual	O
inhibitory	O
activity	O
,	O
broad	O
specificity	O
and	O
efforts	O
to	O
decrease	O
their	O
toxicity	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
emerged	O
into	O
the	O
human	B-SPEC
population	O
in	O
2012	O
and	O
has	O
caused	O
substantial	O
morbidity	O
and	O
mortality	O
.	O

Here	O
,	O
we	O
report	O
the	O
structural	O
and	O
functional	O
characterization	O
of	O
G2	O
,	O
a	O
neutralizing	O
antibody	B-COMP
targeting	B-PROC
the	O
MERS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
S1	I-PRGE
N	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
terminal	I-PRGE
domain	I-PRGE
(	O
S1	O
-	O
NTD	O
).	O

In	O
dogs	B-SPEC
,	O
Salmonella	B-DISO
spp	B-ENZY
.	O

Based	O
on	O
the	O
S1	B-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
phylogenetic	O
tree	O
,	O
LX4	O
-	O
type	O
(	O
GI	O
-	O
19	O
)	O
was	O
the	O
most	O
dominant	O
genotype	O
,	O
which	O
was	O
different	O
from	O
that	O
during	O
1985	O
-	O
2008	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Human	B-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
with	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
poses	O
an	O
ongoing	O
threat	O
to	O
public	O
health	O
worldwide	O
.	O

Of	O
the	O
27	O
trials	O
reporting	O
reduced	O
mortality	O
,	O
six	O
had	O
assessed	O
interventions	O
likely	O
to	O
decrease	O
ventilator	O
-	O
induced	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
,	O
including	O
low	O
tidal	O
volume	O
,	O
prone	O
position	O
,	O
and	O
neuromuscular	O
blockers	O
,	O
demonstrating	O
the	O
negative	O
effects	O
of	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
strategies	O
or	O
improved	O
process	O
of	O
care	O
rather	O
than	O
positive	O
effects	O
of	O
new	O
therapies	O
.	O

We	O
assessed	O
the	O
clinical	O
phenotype	O
,	O
frequency	O
,	O
clinical	O
implications	O
(	O
surgery	O
,	O
length	O
of	O
treatment	O
in	O
hospitals	O
/	O
intensive	O
care	O
units	O
,	O
and	O
antibiotic	B-CHED
treatments	O
),	O
and	O
potential	O
preventability	O
of	O
severe	O
PVL	O
-	O
SA	O
infections	B-DISO
in	O
children	O
.	O

PVL	O
-	O
SA	O
causes	O
severe	O
to	O
life	O
-	O
threatening	O
infections	B-DISO
requiring	O
lengthy	O
treatments	O
in	O
hospital	O
in	O
a	O
substantial	O
percentage	O
of	O
symptomatic	O
PVL	O
-	O
SA	O
colonized	O
children	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Efficacy	O
of	O
blood	B-ANAT
purification	O
for	O
severe	O
pancreatitis	B-DISO
and	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

We	O
will	O
search	O
the	O
following	O
electronic	O
databases	O
of	O
Ovid	O
MEDLINE	O
,	O
EMBASE	O
,	O
Web	B-DISO
of	O
Science	O
,	O
Cochrane	O
Library	O
,	O
Scopus	B-SPEC
,	O
Cumulative	O
Index	O
to	O
Nursing	B-PROC
and	O
Allied	O
Health	O
Literature	O
,	O
the	O
Allied	O
and	O
Complementary	O
Medicine	B-CHED
Database	O
,	O
Chinese	O
Biomedical	O
Literature	O
Database	O
,	O
China	O
National	O
Knowledge	O
Infrastructure	O
,	O
and	O
WANGFANG	O
from	O
inception	O
to	O
the	O
present	O
without	O
language	O
restriction	O
.	O

This	O
systematic	O
review	O
will	O
evaluate	O
the	O
efficacy	O
and	O
safety	O
of	O
BP	O
for	O
the	O
treatment	O
of	O
patients	O
with	O
SP	O
and	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
primary	O
outcome	O
includes	O
respiratory	O
indexes	O
,	O
blood	B-ANAT
biochemical	O
and	O
inflammatory	O
factors	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Mucosal	B-ANAT
Immune	I-PROC
Response	I-PROC
to	O
Feline	B-SPEC
Enteric	B-SPEC
Coronavirus	I-SPEC
Infection	O
.	O

Thirty	O
-	O
three	O
cats	B-SPEC
were	O
grouped	O
according	O
to	O
FECV	B-SPEC
seropositivity	O
and	O
fecal	B-ANAT
virus	B-DISO
shedding	I-DISO
into	O
naïve	O
/	O
immunologically	O
quiescent	O
,	O
convalescent	O
and	O
actively	O
infected	O
groups	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Novel	O
tick	B-SPEC
-	O
borne	O
phleboviruses	B-SPEC
in	O
the	O

Data	O
was	O
collected	O
by	O
face	B-DISO
-	O
to	O
-	O
face	B-DISO
interview	O
using	O
standardised	O
questionnaire	O
,	O
and	O
analyzed	O
using	O
SPSS	O
.	O

Histopathological	O
examination	O
revealed	O
kidney	B-ANAT
hemorrhages	B-DISO
,	O
multifocal	O
necrosis	B-PROC
of	O
the	O
renal	B-ANAT
tubules	I-ANAT
and	O
trachea	B-DISO
with	O
cilia	B-COMP
loss	O
,	O
sloughing	B-ANAT
of	O
epithelial	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
,	O
and	O
edema	B-DISO
of	O
the	O
lamina	B-ANAT
propria	I-ANAT
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Effect	O
of	O
Vitamin	B-CHED
C	I-CHED
Infusion	O
on	O
Organ	B-DISO
Failure	I-DISO
and	O
Biomarkers	O
of	O
Inflammation	B-DISO
and	O
Vascular	B-ANAT
Injury	O
in	O
Patients	O
With	O
Sepsis	O
and	O
Severe	O
Acute	B-DISO
Respiratory	I-DISO
Failure	I-DISO
:	O
The	O
CITRIS	O
-	O
ALI	O
Randomized	O
Clinical	O
Trial	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Experimental	O
data	O
suggest	O
that	O
intravenous	O
vitamin	B-CHED
C	I-CHED
may	O
attenuate	O
inflammation	B-DISO
and	O
vascular	B-ANAT
injury	O
associated	O
with	O
sepsis	B-DISO
and	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
).	O

To	O
determine	O
the	O
effect	O
of	O
intravenous	O
vitamin	B-CHED
C	I-CHED
infusion	O
on	O
organ	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
scores	O
and	O
biological	O
markers	O
of	O
inflammation	B-DISO
and	O
vascular	B-ANAT
injury	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
sepsis	B-DISO
and	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

There	O
were	O
no	O
significant	O
differences	O
between	O
the	O
vitamin	B-CHED
C	I-CHED
and	O
placebo	O
groups	O
in	O
the	O
primary	O
end	O
points	O
of	O
change	O
in	O
mean	O
modified	O
Sequential	O
Organ	B-DISO
Failure	I-DISO
Assessment	O
score	O
from	O
baseline	O
to	O
96	O
hours	O
(	O
from	O
9	O
.	O
8	O
to	O
6	O
.	O
8	O
in	O
the	O
vitamin	B-CHED
C	I-CHED
group	O
[	O
3	O
points	O
]	O
and	O
from	O
10	O
.	O
3	O
to	O
6	O
.	O
8	O
in	O
the	O
placebo	O
group	O
[	O
3	O
.	O
5	O
points	O
];	O
difference	O
,	O
-	O
0	O
.	O
10	O
;	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
,	O
-	O
1	O
.	O
23	O
to	O
1	O
.	O
03	O
;	O
P	O
=	O
.	O
86	O
)	O
or	O
in	O
C	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
reactive	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
levels	O
(	O
54	O
.	O
1	O
vs	O
46	O
.	O
1	O
μg	O
/	O
mL	O
;	O
difference	O
,	O
7	O
.	O
94	O
μg	O
/	O
mL	O
;	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
,	O
-	O
8	O
.	O
2	O
to	O
24	O
.	O
11	O
;	O
P	O
=	O
.	O
33	O
)	O
and	O
thrombomodulin	B-PRGE
levels	O
(	O
14	O
.	O
5	O
vs	O
13	O
.	O
8	O
ng	O
/	O
mL	O
;	O
difference	O
,	O
0	O
.	O
69	O
ng	O
/	O
mL	O
;	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
,	O
-	O
2	O
.	O
8	O
to	O
4	O
.	O
2	O
;	O
P	O
=	O
.	O
70	O
)	O
at	O
168	O
hours	O
.	O

Gene	O
Ontology	O
function	O
classification	O
and	O
Kyoto	O
Encyclopedia	O
of	O
Genes	O
and	O
Genomes	O
signaling	B-PROC
pathway	I-PROC
enrichment	O
analysis	O
were	O
performed	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
DEGs	O
that	O
exhibited	O
the	O
same	O
expression	B-PROC
tendencies	O
with	O
most	O
of	O
the	O
innate	O
immune	O
-	O
associated	O
genes	O
among	O
these	O
PK	O
-	O
15	O
cell	B-COMP
samples	O
described	O
above	O
.	O

Additionally	O
,	O
16	O
of	O
the	O
host	B-COMP
cell	I-COMP
endogenous	O
miRNAs	O
were	O
predicted	O
as	O
potential	O
contributors	O
to	O
the	O
modulation	O
of	O
innate	B-DISO
immune	I-DISO
response	I-DISO
affected	O
by	O
PDCoV	O
.	O
Our	O
research	O
findings	O
indicated	O
that	O
the	O
innate	O
immune	O
-	O
associated	O
genes	O
and	O
signaling	B-PROC
pathways	B-PROC
in	O
PK	O
-	O
15	O
cells	B-COMP
could	O
be	O
modified	O
by	O
the	O
infection	B-DISO
of	O
PDCoV	O
,	O
which	O
provides	O
a	O
fundamental	O
foundation	O
for	O
further	O
studies	O
to	O
better	O
understand	O
the	O
mechanism	O
of	O
PDCoV	O
infections	B-DISO
,	O
so	O
as	O
to	O
effectively	O
control	O
and	O
prevent	O
PDCoV	O
-	O
induced	O
swine	B-SPEC
diarrheal	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
outbreaks	O
.	O

Furthermore	O
,	O
GHRH	B-PRGE
antagonists	B-CHED
supported	O
the	O
integrity	O
of	O
endothelial	B-ANAT
barrier	O
,	O
while	O
GHRH	B-PRGE
and	O
GHRH	B-PRGE
agonists	B-CHED
had	O
the	O
contrary	O
effects	O
,	O
as	O
reflected	O
in	O
measurements	O
of	O
transendothelial	O
resistance	B-PROC
.	O

This	O
is	O
the	O
first	O
report	O
on	O
cell	O
adaption	B-PROC
of	O
a	O
virulent	O
SADS	O
-	O
CoV	O
strain	O
,	O
which	O
gives	O
information	O
on	O
the	O
potential	O
virulence	B-PROC
determinants	O
of	O
SADS	O
-	O
CoV	O
.	O

The	O
primary	O
analysis	O
was	O
done	O
in	O
the	O
intention	O
-	O
to	O
-	O
treat	O
population	O
,	O
excluding	O
two	O
participants	O
who	O
did	O
not	O
receive	O
plasma	B-ANAT
.	O

One	O
participant	O
from	O
each	O
group	O
did	O
not	O
receive	O
plasma	B-ANAT
.	O

93	O
%	O
of	O
planned	O
plasma	B-ANAT
infusions	O
were	O
completed	O
.	O

These	O
results	O
demonstrate	O
that	O
integrin	B-PRGE
αvβ3	I-PRGE
enhances	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
replication	O
in	O
Vero	O
E6	O
cells	B-COMP
and	O
IECs	O
.	O

Modelling	O
of	O
3CLpro	O
carrying	O
the	O
amino	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
changes	O
was	O
conducted	O
to	O
probe	O
the	O
structural	O
basis	O
for	O
these	O
findings	O
.	O

Moreover	O
,	O
Rotavirus	B-SPEC
A	I-SPEC
(	O
RVA	O
),	O
Rotavirus	B-SPEC
B	I-SPEC
(	O
RVB	O
),	O
Rotavirus	B-SPEC
C	I-SPEC
(	O
RVC	O
),	O
porcine	B-SPEC
epidemic	I-SPEC
diarrhea	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
)	O
and	O
transmissible	O
gastroenteritis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
)	O
were	O
also	O
determined	O
by	O
RT	O
-	O
qPCR	O
.	O

Moreover	O
,	O
virus	B-SPEC
-	O
specific	O
neutralizing	O
antibodies	B-COMP
against	O
both	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
and	O
RV	O
were	O
induced	O
in	O
mice	B-SPEC
inoculated	O
intraperitoneally	O
with	O
RVΔP	O
-	O
MERS	O
/	O
S1	O
.	O

(	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
0001	O
),	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
developing	O
infection	B-DISO
by	O
nematodes	B-SPEC
(	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
0001	O
).	O

These	O
data	O
emphasize	O
the	O
plasticity	O
of	O
the	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
genome	O
during	O
human	B-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Standard	O
Expected	O
Years	O
of	O
Life	O
Lost	B-CHED
as	O
a	O
Neglected	O
Index	O
for	O
Calculating	O
the	O
Burden	O
of	O
Premature	O
Mortality	O
due	O
to	O
Middle	O
East	O
Respiratory	O
Syndrome	O
.	O

Coronaviruses	O
specifically	O
package	O
genomic	O
RNA	O
into	O
assembled	O
virions	B-COMP
,	O
and	O
in	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
reported	O
that	O
this	O
process	O
is	O
driven	O
by	O
an	O
interaction	O
between	O
the	O
N	O
-	O
protein	B-CHED
and	O
a	O
packaging	O
signal	O
encoded	O
within	O
the	O
viral	O
RNA	O
.	O

While	O
recent	O
studies	O
have	O
uncovered	O
the	O
sequence	O
of	O
this	O
packaging	O
signal	O
,	O
little	O
is	O
known	O
about	O
the	O
specific	O
interaction	O
between	O
the	O
N	O
-	O
protein	B-CHED
and	O
the	O
packaging	O
signal	O
sequence	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
mechanisms	O
by	O
which	O
this	O
interaction	O
drives	O
viral	B-PROC
genome	I-PROC
packaging	I-PROC
.	O

Our	O
results	O
demonstrate	O
that	O
the	O
N	O
-	O
protein	O
specifically	O
recognizes	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
packaging	O
signal	O
with	O
greater	O
affinity	O
compared	O
to	O
signals	O
from	O
other	O
coronaviruses	O
or	O
non	O
-	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
species	B-SPEC
.	O

These	O
results	O
describe	O
,	O
for	O
the	O
first	O
time	O
,	O
in	O
vivo	O
evidence	O
for	O
an	O
interaction	O
between	O
the	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
N	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
and	O
its	O
packaging	O
signal	O
RNA	O
,	O
and	O
demonstrate	O
the	O
feasibility	O
of	O
using	O
this	O
cell	B-COMP
-	O
based	O
assay	O
to	O
further	O
probe	O
viral	O
RNA	O
-	O
protein	B-CHED
interactions	O
in	O
future	O
studies	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Various	O
objective	O
scoring	O
systems	O
were	O
developed	O
to	O
standardize	O
the	O
approach	O
to	O
the	O
designation	O
of	O
severity	O
of	O
community	O
-	O
acquired	O
pneumonia	O
(	O
CAP	B-DISO
).	O

The	O
CURB	B-DISO
-	O
65	O
was	O
extracted	O
from	O
the	O
available	O
medical	O
records	O
.	O

Here	O
we	O
reported	O
a	O
novel	O
role	O
of	O
IFI204	B-PRGE
that	O
specifically	O
inhibits	O
the	O
IRF7	B-PRGE
-	O
mediated	O
type	O
I	O
interferons	O
response	O
during	O
viral	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
.	O

IFI204	B-PRGE
and	O
other	O
p200	B-PRGE
family	I-PRGE
proteins	B-CHED
are	O
highly	O
expressed	B-PROC
in	O
mouse	B-DISO
hepatitis	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
-	O
infected	O
bone	B-ANAT
marrow	I-ANAT
-	O
derived	O
dendritic	B-ANAT
cells	B-COMP
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Mepolizumab	O
rescue	O
therapy	O
for	O
acute	O
pneumonitis	B-DISO
secondary	O
to	O
DRESS	O
.	O

He	O
was	O
diagnosed	O
with	O
DRESS	B-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
secondary	O
to	O
pregabalin	B-CHED
and	O
was	O
treated	O
with	O
subcutaneous	O
mepolizumab	O
.	O

Additionally	O
,	O
the	O
vaccination	O
status	O
of	O
3349	O
cases	O
of	O
influenza	B-DISO
were	O
compared	O
to	O
three	O
different	O
control	O
groups	O
:	O
all	O
controls	O
(	O
N	O
=	O
6120	O
),	O
non	O
-	O
influenza	B-DISO
positive	O
controls	O
(	O
N	O
=	O
2880	O
),	O
and	O
pan	B-COMP
-	O
negative	O
controls	O
(	O
N	O
=	O
3240	O
).	O

Examining	O
virus	B-SPEC
interference	O
by	O
specific	O
respiratory	O
viruses	B-SPEC
showed	O
mixed	O
results	O
.	O

Vaccine	O
derived	O
virus	B-SPEC
interference	O
was	O
significantly	O
associated	O
with	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
and	O
human	B-SPEC
metapneumovirus	I-SPEC
;	O
however	O
,	O
significant	O
protection	O
with	O
vaccination	O
was	O
associated	O
not	O
only	O
with	O
most	O
influenza	B-SPEC
viruses	I-SPEC
,	O
but	O
also	O
parainfluenza	B-DISO
,	O
RSV	B-SPEC
,	O
and	O
non	O
-	O
influenza	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
coinfections	B-DISO
.	O

Diagnosis	O
is	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
occurrence	O
of	O
acute	O
hypoxic	B-DISO
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
not	O
explained	O
by	O
cardiac	B-DISO
insufficiency	I-DISO
or	O
volume	B-DISO
overload	I-DISO
,	O
within	O
7	O
days	O
after	O
a	O
recognized	O
risk	O
factor	O
,	O
and	O
in	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
bilateral	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
opacities	B-DISO
not	O
fully	O
explained	O
by	O
effusions	B-DISO
,	O
atelectasis	B-DISO
or	O
nodules	B-DISO
on	O
the	O
chest	B-ANAT
radiography	O
.	O

The	O
spike	O
(	O
S	O
)	O
protein	B-CHED
of	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
lacking	O
its	O
transmembrane	B-COMP
and	O
cytoplasmic	B-COMP
domains	O
(	O
SΔTM	O
)	O
was	O
secreted	B-PROC
into	O
the	O
hemolymph	B-ANAT
of	O
silkworm	B-SPEC
larvae	O
using	O
a	O
bombyxin	O
signal	O
peptide	B-CHED
and	O
purified	O
using	O
affinity	O
chromatography	O
.	O

The	O
purified	O
SΔTM	O
from	O
silkworm	B-SPEC
larvae	O
and	O
S	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
-	O
displaying	O
nanovesicles	O
from	O
Bm5	O
cells	B-COMP
may	O
lead	O
to	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
nanoparticle	B-CHED
-	O
based	O
vaccines	O
against	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
and	O
the	O
diagnostic	O
detection	O
of	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
.	O

In	O
order	B-SPEC
to	O
identify	O
which	O
aerosol	O
-	O
generating	O
medical	O
procedures	O
and	O
emerging	O
viruses	B-SPEC
pose	O
a	O
high	O
risk	O
to	O
health	O
-	O
care	O
workers	O
,	O
we	O
explore	O
the	O
mechanisms	O
of	O
aerosol	O
-	O
generating	O
medical	O
procedures	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
the	O
transmission	O
pathways	O
and	O
characteristics	O
of	O
highly	O
pathogenic	O
viruses	B-SPEC
associated	O
with	O
nosocomial	O
transmission	O
.	O

Findings	O
were	O
validated	O
in	O
an	O
independent	O
cohort	O
of	O
394	O
critically	B-DISO
ill	I-DISO
patients	O
with	O
sepsis	B-DISO
admitted	O
to	O
the	O
University	O
of	O
California	B-SPEC
San	O
Francisco	O
(	O
UCSF	O
).	O
In	O
the	O
VUMC	O
cohort	O
,	O
shorter	O
PBL	O
-	O
TL	O
was	O
associated	O
with	O
worse	O
90	O
-	O
day	O
survival	O
(	O
adjusted	O
hazard	O
ratio	O
(	O
aHR	O
)	O
1	O
.	O
3	O
,	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
1	O
.	O
1	O
-	O
1	O
.	O
6	O
per	O
1	O
kb	O
TL	O
decrease	O
;	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
004	O
);	O
in	O
subgroup	O
analyses	O
,	O
shorter	O
PBL	O
-	O
TL	O
was	O
associated	O
with	O
worse	O
90	O
-	O
day	O
survival	O
for	O
patients	O
with	O
sepsis	B-DISO
(	O
aHR	B-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
.	O
5	O
,	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
1	O
.	O
2	O
-	O
2	O
.	O
0	O
per	O
1	O
kb	O
TL	O
decrease	O
;	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
001	O
),	O
but	O
not	O
trauma	O
.	O

The	O
associations	O
of	O
PBL	O
-	O
TL	O
with	O
survival	O
(	O
adjusted	O
HR	O
1	O
.	O
6	O
,	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
1	O
.	O
2	O
-	O
2	O
.	O
1	O
per	O
1	O
kb	O
TL	O
decrease	O
;	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
003	O
)	O
and	O
risk	O
for	O
developing	O
severe	O
ARDS	B-DISO
(	O
OR	O
2	O
.	O
5	O
,	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
1	O
.	O
1	O
-	O
6	O
.	O
3	O
per	O
1	O
kb	O
TL	O
decrease	O
;	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
044	O
)	O
were	O
validated	O
in	O
the	O
UCSF	O
cohort	O
.	O

These	O
findings	O
suggest	O
that	O
telomere	B-COMP
dysfunction	O
may	O
contribute	O
to	O
outcomes	O
from	O
critical	B-DISO
illness	I-DISO
.	O

After	O
Severe	O
Carbon	B-CHED
Monoxide	I-CHED
Poisoning	O
Is	O
Likely	O
Due	O
to	O
Cytopathic	O
Hypoxia	O
:	O
A	O
Case	O
Report	O
and	O
Discussion	O
.	O

Despite	O
global	O
efforts	O
to	O
prevent	O
and	O
treat	O
virus	B-SPEC
infections	B-DISO
to	O
limit	O
morbidity	O
and	O
mortality	O
,	O
the	O
continued	O
emergence	O
and	O
re	O
-	O
emergence	O
of	O
new	O
outbreaks	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
common	O
infections	B-DISO
such	O
as	O
influenza	B-DISO
persist	O
as	O
a	O
health	O
threat	O
.	O

We	O
then	O
used	O
comprehensive	O
preinfection	O
immunophenotyping	O
to	O
identify	O
global	O
baseline	O
immune	O
correlates	O
of	O
protection	O
from	O
mortality	O
to	O
virus	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenation	B-PROC
(	O
ECMO	O
)	O
-	O
in	O
the	O
treatment	O
of	O
severe	O
,	O
life	O
-	O
threatening	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenation	B-PROC
(	O
ECMO	O
)	O
is	O
a	O
technique	O
involving	O
oxygenation	B-PROC
of	O
blood	B-ANAT
and	O
elimination	B-PROC
of	O
carbon	B-CHED
dioxide	I-CHED
in	O
patients	O
with	O
life	O
-	O
threatening	O
,	O
but	O
potentially	O
reversible	O
conditions	O
.	O

Thanks	O
to	O
the	O
modification	O
of	O
extracorporeal	O
circulation	B-PROC
used	O
during	O
cardiac	B-ANAT
surgeries	O
,	O
this	O
technique	O
can	O
be	O
used	O
in	O
intensive	O
care	O
units	O
.	O

ECMO	O
does	O
not	O
cure	O
the	O
heart	B-ANAT
and	O
/	O
or	O
lungs	B-ANAT
,	O
but	O
it	O
gives	O
the	O
patient	O
a	O
chance	O
to	O
survive	O
a	O
period	O
when	O
these	O
organs	B-ANAT
are	O
inefficient	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Improved	O
inference	O
of	O
time	O
-	O
varying	O
reproduction	B-PROC
numbers	O
during	O
infectious	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
outbreaks	O
.	O

""""	O
Elucidation	O
of	O
better	O
biomarkers	O
to	O
determine	O
the	O
underlying	O
pathogenic	O
phenotype	O
will	O
significantly	O
advance	O
our	O
understanding	O
and	O
prediction	O
of	O
which	O
critically	B-DISO
ill	I-DISO
patients	O
will	O
benefit	O
from	O
GC	O
and	O
who	O
would	O
experience	O
a	O
deleterious	O
effect	O
from	O
its	O
use	O
.	O

Phylogenetic	O
analysis	O
showed	O
high	O
identity	O
between	O
CoV	O
strains	O
detected	O
in	O
calves	O
and	O
alpacas	B-SPEC
.	O

Automated	O
web	B-DISO
-	O
based	O
infectious	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
surveillance	O
technologies	O
are	O
available	O
;	O
however	O
,	O
human	B-SPEC
input	O
is	O
still	O
needed	O
to	O
review	O
,	O
validate	O
,	O
and	O
interpret	O
these	O
sources	O
.	O

Owing	O
to	O
the	O
severity	O
of	O
the	O
condition	B-DISO
,	O
conventional	O
methods	O
of	O
oxygenation	B-PROC
are	O
often	O
insufficient	O
.	O

Therefore	O
,	O
a	O
need	O
exists	O
for	O
a	O
safer	O
and	O
more	O
effective	O
method	O
of	O
oxygenation	B-PROC
for	O
patients	O
with	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

In	O
this	O
work	O
,	O
the	O
feasibility	O
of	O
using	O
intraperitoneal	O
perfusions	O
of	O
oxygen	B-CHED
microbubbles	O
-	O
peritoneal	B-ANAT
microbubble	O
oxygenation	B-PROC
(	O
PMO	O
)-	O
to	O
treat	O
lipopolysaccharide	B-CHED
-	O
induced	O
ARDS	B-DISO
was	O
explored	O
with	O
the	O
objective	O
of	O
showing	O
restoration	O
of	O
normoxic	O
conditions	O
after	O
a	O
single	O
bolus	O
infusion	O
of	O
oxygen	B-CHED
microbubbles	O
.	O

The	O
study	O
included	O
48	O
patients	O
diagnosed	O
with	O
primary	B-DISO
acquired	I-DISO
nasolacrimal	I-DISO
duct	I-DISO
obstruction	I-DISO
undergoing	O
dacryocystorhinostomy	O
surgery	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
GILT	B-PRGE
restricts	O
the	O
cellular	B-COMP
entry	O
mediated	O
by	O
the	O
envelope	B-PRGE
glycoproteins	B-CHED
of	I-PRGE
SARS	B-DISO
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
,	O
Ebola	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
and	O
Lassa	B-DISO
fever	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
.	O

We	O
report	O
herein	O
that	O
gamma	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
interferon	I-PRGE
-	O
inducible	O
lysosomal	B-PRGE
thiol	B-CHED
reductase	I-PRGE
(	O
GILT	B-PRGE
),	O
a	O
lysosome	B-COMP
-	O
associated	O
ISG	O
,	O
restricts	O
the	O
infectious	B-DISO
entry	O
of	O
selected	O
enveloped	O
RNA	O
viruses	B-SPEC
.	O

Furthermore	O
,	O
mutations	O
that	O
impaired	B-DISO
the	O
thiol	B-PRGE
reductase	I-PRGE
activity	O
or	O
disrupted	O
the	O
N	O
-	O
linked	O
glycosylation	B-PROC
,	O
a	O
posttranslational	O
modification	O
essential	O
for	O
its	O
lysosomal	B-ANAT
localization	B-PROC
,	O
largely	O
compromised	O
GILT	O
restriction	O
of	O
viral	O
entry	O
.	O

Multiple	O
case	O
reports	O
and	O
small	O
series	O
describing	O
ECMO	O
use	O
as	O
rescue	O
for	O
adults	O
with	O
severe	O
hypoxemia	O
from	O
various	O
lung	B-ANAT
pathologies	O
have	O
appeared	O
in	O
the	O
literature	O
over	O
the	O
past	O
three	O
decades	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
In	O
this	O
review	O
,	O
we	O
discuss	O
common	O
difficulties	O
that	O
clinicians	O
may	O
encounter	O
while	O
managing	O
patients	O
treated	O
with	O
venovenous	O
(	O
VV	O
)	O
extracorporeal	O
membrane	O
oxygenation	B-PROC
(	O
ECMO	O
).	O

Standard	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
can	O
activate	O
inflammation	B-DISO
and	O
worsen	O
the	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
damage	O
caused	O
by	O
the	O
underlying	O
disease	O
,	O
leading	O
to	O
ventilator	O
-	O
induced	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
.	O

This	O
is	O
an	O
unfortunate	O
condition	B-DISO
and	O
this	O
report	O
will	O
raise	O
awareness	O
to	O
a	O
potential	O
complication	B-DISO
in	O
the	O
burn	O
patient	O
population	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
in	O
critically	B-DISO
ill	I-DISO
patients	O
in	O
other	O
settings	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
well	O
-	O
known	O
immunosuppressive	O
drug	O
cyclosporin	B-CHED
A	I-CHED
inhibits	O
replication	O
of	O
various	O
viruses	B-SPEC
including	O
coronaviruses	O
by	O
binding	B-FUNC
to	O
cellular	B-PRGE
cyclophilins	I-PRGE
thus	O
inactivating	O
their	O
cis	B-DISO
-	O
trans	O
peptidyl	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
prolyl	I-PRGE
isomerase	I-PRGE
function	O
.	O

Overall	O
,	O
the	O
long	O
-	O
term	O
prognosis	O
was	O
satisfactory	O
,	O
suggesting	O
that	O
this	O
procedure	O
is	O
less	O
invasive	O
and	O
effective	O
for	O
treatment	O
of	O
MAS	B-COMP
due	O
to	O
TA	O
,	O
in	O
emergencies	B-DISO
.	O

While	O
AIV	O
and	O
AAVV	O
-	O
1	O
were	O
frequently	O
detected	O
(	O
16	O
to	O
17	O
%	O
of	O
farms	O
),	O
IBV	B-SPEC
and	O
aMPV	O
were	O
rarely	O
detected	O
(	O
in	O
3	O
to	O
5	O
%	O
of	O
farms	O
)	O
and	O
ILTV	B-SPEC
was	O
not	O
detected	O
.	O

In	O
addition	O
,	O
the	O
trial	O
registers	O
to	O
be	O
searched	O
will	O
include	O
:	O
World	O
Health	O
Organization	O
International	O
Clinical	O
Trials	O
Registry	O
Platform	O
(	O
ICTRP	O
),	O
United	O
States	O
National	O
Library	O
of	O
Medicine	B-CHED
Drug	O
Information	O
Portal	B-ANAT
and	O
ClinicalTrials	O
.	O
gov	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Immunohistochemical	O
and	O
molecular	O
detection	O
of	O
natural	O
cases	O
of	O
bovine	B-SPEC
rotavirus	B-SPEC
and	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
infection	I-DISO
causing	O
enteritis	B-DISO
in	O
dairy	O
calves	O
.	O

Further	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
positive	O
cases	O
were	O
confirmed	O
by	O
immunohistochemistry	O
(	O
IHC	O
)	O
in	O
paraffin	O
-	O
embedded	O
intestinal	B-ANAT
tissue	B-ANAT
sections	O
.	O

Bi	O
-	O
variate	O
comparisons	O
and	O
multiple	O
logistic	O
regressions	B-DISO
were	O
the	O
choice	O
of	O
data	O
analyses	O
.	O

Patients	O
who	O
were	O
admitted	O
with	O
septic	B-DISO
shock	I-DISO
and	O
/	O
or	O
organ	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
were	O
significantly	O
more	O
likely	O
to	O
die	O
than	O
patients	O
who	O
were	O
admitted	O
with	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
and	O
/	O
or	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
OR	O
=	O
47	O
.	O
9	O
,	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
=	O
3	O
.	O
9	O
,	O
585	O
.	O
5	O
,	O
p	O
-	O
value	O
0	O
.	O
002	O
).	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
Hospital	O
mortality	O
was	O
25	O
%;	O
septic	B-DISO
shock	I-DISO
/	O
organ	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
at	O
admittance	O
was	O
a	O
significant	O
predictor	O
of	O
mortality	O
.	O

Opioids	O
also	O
have	O
direct	O
cardiovascular	B-ANAT
effects	O
,	O
decreasing	O
blood	B-PROC
pressure	I-PROC
,	O
causing	O
vasodilation	B-DISO
and	O
decreasing	O
cardiac	B-ANAT
work	O
.	O

They	O
can	O
also	O
be	O
informally	O
classified	O
based	O
upon	O
their	O
major	O
use	O
such	O
as	O
anesthesia	B-DISO
(	O
fentanyl	B-CHED
,	O
alfentanil	B-CHED
,	O
remifentanil	B-CHED
,	O
sufentanil	B-CHED
),	O
severe	B-DISO
pain	I-DISO
(	O
morphine	B-CHED
,	O
hydromorphone	B-CHED
,	O
levorphanol	O
,	O
merperidine	O
),	O
moderate	O
to	O
severe	O
acute	O
or	O
chronic	B-DISO
pain	I-DISO
(	O
transdermal	O
or	O
transbuccal	O
fentanyl	B-CHED
,	O
codeine	B-CHED
,	O
oxycodone	B-CHED
,	O
hydrocodone	B-CHED
,	O
levorphanol	O
,	O
methadone	B-CHED
),	O
diarrhea	B-DISO
(	O
loperamide	B-CHED
,	O
diphenoxylate	B-CHED
),	O
and	O
cough	B-DISO
(	O
codeine	B-CHED
,	O
hydrocodone	B-CHED
).	O

This	O
constellation	O
of	O
events	O
is	O
referred	O
to	O
as	O
inadvertent	O
or	O
unintended	O
acetaminophen	B-CHED
overdose	O
or	O
more	O
colloquially	O
as	O
a	O
“	O
therapeutic	O
misadventure	O
”.	O

References	O
to	O
the	O
safety	O
and	O
hepatotoxic	O
potential	O
of	O
the	O
various	O
opiate	B-CHED
agonists	I-CHED
are	O
given	O
together	O
at	O
the	O
end	O
of	O
this	O
Overview	O
section	O
.	O

Loperamide	B-CHED
.	O

The	O
aminopenicillins	O
,	O
like	O
the	O
natural	O
first	O
generation	O
penicillins	B-CHED
,	O
bind	B-FUNC
to	O
bacterial	O
proteins	B-CHED
and	O
inhibit	O
synthesis	B-PROC
of	O
the	O
bacterial	O
cell	B-COMP
wall	I-COMP
,	O
causing	O
cell	B-COMP
lysis	B-DISO
particularly	O
in	O
rapidly	O
growing	O
organisms	O
.	O

The	O
aminopenicillins	O
are	O
widely	O
used	O
for	O
therapy	O
of	O
mild	O
-	O
to	O
-	O
severe	O
urinary	O
,	O
respiratory	O
,	O
gastrointestinal	B-ANAT
tract	I-ANAT
,	O
skin	B-ANAT
,	O
bone	B-DISO
and	I-DISO
joint	I-DISO
infections	I-DISO
.	O

For	O
these	O
reasons	O
,	O
amoxicillin	B-CHED
/	O
clavulanate	B-CHED
is	O
discussed	O
separately	O
and	O
references	O
are	O
provided	O
with	O
that	O
discussion	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Dromedary	O
camels	B-SPEC
are	O
important	O
reservoir	O
hosts	B-COMP
of	O
various	O
coronaviruses	O
,	O
including	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
that	O
cause	O
human	B-SPEC
infections	B-DISO
.	O

CoV	O
genomes	O
regularly	O
undergo	O
recombination	B-PROC
during	O
infection	B-DISO
as	O
observed	O
in	O
bat	B-ENZY
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
related	O
CoVs	O
.	O

We	O
failed	O
to	O
find	O
molecular	O
evidence	O
of	O
an	O
HKU8r	O
-	O
CoV	O
or	O
a	O
putative	O
recombinant	O
virus	B-SPEC
.	O

We	O
had	O
to	O
use	O
'	B-ANAT
airway	I-ANAT
pressure	O
release	B-PATH
ventilation	O
'	O
mode	O
in	O
view	O
of	O
severe	O
refractory	O
hypoxemia	O
.	O

We	O
suggest	O
that	O
'	B-ANAT
airway	I-ANAT
pressure	O
release	B-PATH
ventilation	O
'	O
mode	O
may	O
be	O
used	O
successfully	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
'	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
'	O
complicated	O
by	O
pneumothorax	B-DISO
if	O
intensive	O
and	O
close	O
monitoring	O
is	O
done	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
One	O
-	O
step	O
triplex	O
reverse	O
-	O
transcription	B-PROC
PCR	O
detection	O
of	O
porcine	B-SPEC
epidemic	I-SPEC
diarrhea	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
,	O
porcine	B-SPEC
sapelovirus	I-SPEC
,	O
and	O
porcine	B-SPEC
sapovirus	B-SPEC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Identification	O
of	O
a	O
Novel	O
Betacoronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
ABSTRACT	O
:	O
While	O
dromedaries	B-SPEC
are	O
the	O
immediate	O
animal	B-SPEC
source	O
of	O
Middle	O
East	O
Respiratory	O
Syndrome	B-DISO
(	O
MERS	B-DISO
)	O
epidemic	O
,	O
viruses	B-SPEC
related	O
to	O
MERS	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
have	O
also	O
been	O
found	O
in	O
bats	B-SPEC
as	O
well	O
as	O
hedgehogs	B-SPEC
.	O

A	O
novel	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
related	O
to	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
,	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Porcine	O
epidemic	O
diarrhea	O
virus	O
(	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
)	O
has	O
caused	O
enormous	O
economic	O
losses	O
to	O
the	O
global	O
pig	B-SPEC
industry	O
.	O

In	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
the	O
highly	O
virulent	O
epidemic	O
virus	B-SPEC
strain	O
CT	O
was	O
serially	O
passaged	O
in	O
Vero	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
for	O
up	O
to	O
120	O
generations	O
(	O
P120	O
).	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Pathogenicity	O
experiments	O
using	O
P120	O
in	O
piglets	O
revealed	O
significant	O
reductions	O
in	O
clinical	O
symptoms	O
,	O
histopathological	O
lesions	O
,	O
and	O
intestinal	B-PRGE
PEDV	B-SPEC
antigen	B-CHED
distribution	O
;	O
the	O
piglet	O
survival	O
rate	O
in	O
the	O
P120	O
group	O
was	O
100	O
%.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Despite	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
lung	O
protective	O
ventilation	O
(	O
LPV	O
)	O
strategies	O
,	O
a	O
severe	O
form	O
of	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
is	O
unfortunately	O
associated	O
with	O
high	O
mortality	O
rates	O
,	O
which	O
sometimes	O
exceed	O
60	O
%.	O

In	O
this	O
review	O
,	O
we	O
focused	O
on	O
the	O
most	O
important	O
clinical	O
trials	O
aiming	O
at	O
a	O
final	O
conclusion	O
about	O
the	O
effectiveness	O
of	O
ECLS	O
in	O
moderate	O
to	O
severe	O
ARDS	B-DISO
patients	O
.	O

Of	O
them	O
,	O
976	O
patients	O
received	O
extracorporeal	O
membrane	O
oxygenation	B-PROC
(	O
ECMO	O
)	O
and	O
209	O
patients	O
received	O
extracorporeal	O
carbon	B-CHED
dioxide	I-CHED
removal	O
(	O
ECCO	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
syndrome	B-DISO
of	O
drug	O
reaction	O
with	O
eosinophilia	B-DISO
and	O
systemic	O
symptoms	O
(	O
DRESS	O
)	O
is	O
a	O
rare	O
,	O
yet	O
potentially	O
fatal	O
hypersensitivity	B-DISO
reaction	I-DISO
,	O
most	O
commonly	O
associated	O
with	O
anticonvulsants	B-CHED
,	O
sulfonamides	B-CHED
,	O
and	O
allopurinol	B-CHED
.	O

In	O
95	O
%	O
of	O
cases	O
,	O
another	O
visceral	O
organ	B-ANAT
was	O
involved	O
(	O
most	O
commonly	O
liver	B-ANAT
or	O
kidneys	B-ANAT
).	O

Pulmonary	B-ANAT
manifestations	O
are	O
less	O
common	O
but	O
are	O
typically	O
seen	O
in	O
more	O
severe	O
cases	O
.	O

MERS	O
were	O
transmitted	B-DISO
to	O
them	O
indirectly	O
by	O
staff	O
who	O
cared	O
for	O
the	O
index	O
patient	O
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
Extensive	O
HF	O
burns	O
combined	O
with	O
an	O
inhalation	B-PROC
injury	O
led	O
to	O
a	O
potentially	O
fatal	O
electrolyte	B-DISO
imbalance	I-DISO
and	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Severe	B-DISO
Acute	I-DISO
Respiratory	I-DISO
Syndrome	I-DISO
:	O
Historical	O
,	O
Epidemiologic	O
,	O
and	O
Clinical	O
Features	O
.	O

Bats	B-SPEC
are	O
likely	O
an	O
important	O
reservoir	O
for	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
.	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
like	I-PRGE
CoVs	I-PRGE
have	O
been	O
detected	O
in	O
horseshoe	B-SPEC
bats	I-SPEC
and	O
civet	B-SPEC
cats	I-SPEC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
(	O
MERS	O
)	O
is	O
a	O
novel	O
lethal	O
zoonotic	O
disease	O
of	O
humans	B-SPEC
caused	O
by	O
the	O
MERS	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
).	O

PSN	O
treatment	O
significantly	O
attenuated	O
HKMRSA	O
-	O
induced	O
pathological	O
injury	O
,	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
neutrophil	B-ANAT
infiltration	B-DISO
,	O
tissue	B-ANAT
permeability	O
and	O
the	O
production	O
of	O
pro	B-CHED
-	O
inflammatory	O
cytokines	O
(	O
TNF	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
α	I-PRGE
,	O
IL	O
-	O
1β	O
and	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
6	I-FUNC
)	O
in	O
murine	B-SPEC
ALI	O
model	O
.	O

Furthermore	O
,	O
treatment	O
with	O
PSN	O
suppressed	O
the	O
activation	O
of	O
MAPKs	O
(	O
e	O
.	O
g	O
.	O
p38	B-FUNC
MAPK	B-FUNC
,	O
JNK	B-FUNC
and	O
ERK	B-FUNC
)	O
and	O
NF	O
-	O
κB	O
.	O
Collectively	O
,	O
our	O
results	O
suggest	O
that	O
PSN	O
ameliorates	O
gram	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
positive	I-SPEC
bacteria	I-SPEC
-	O
induced	O
ALI	O
in	O
mice	B-SPEC
by	O
inhibition	B-PROC
of	O
the	O
MAPK	B-FUNC
and	O
NF	O
-	O
κB	O
signaling	B-PROC
pathways	B-PROC
,	O
and	O
our	O
studies	O
suggest	O
that	O
PSN	B-PRGE
might	O
be	O
a	O
novel	O
candidate	O
for	O
treating	O
ALI	O
/	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

Since	O
its	O
launch	O
in	O
2017	O
,	O
CEPI	O
has	O
mobilised	O
over	O
US	O
$	O
750	O
million	O
to	O
support	O
its	O
mission	O
to	O
develop	O
vaccines	O
against	O
agents	O
such	O
as	O
Lassa	B-SPEC
Virus	I-SPEC
,	O
Middle	O
East	O
Respiratory	O
Syndrome	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
,	O
and	O
Nipah	B-SPEC
Virus	I-SPEC
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
several	O
rapid	O
response	O
vaccine	O
platforms	O
to	O
accelerate	O
response	O
times	O
to	O
unexpected	O
epidemic	O
threats	O
.	O

This	O
commentary	O
provides	O
an	O
overview	O
of	O
the	O
global	O
health	O
challenges	O
CEPI	O
was	O
established	O
to	O
address	O
,	O
its	O
achievements	O
to	O
date	O
,	O
and	O
indicates	O
priorities	O
for	O
funding	O
and	O
coordination	B-PROC
in	O
the	O
coming	O
years	O
.	O

Retinoic	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
-	O
inducible	O
gene	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
I	I-PRGE
(	O
RIG	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
I	I-PRGE
)	O
and	O
MDA5	B-PRGE
both	O
belong	O
to	O
the	O
RIG	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
I	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
like	I-PRGE
receptors	I-PRGE
family	B-SPEC
,	O
and	O
RIG	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
I	I-PRGE
is	O
known	O
to	O
be	O
involved	O
in	O
the	O
anti	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
DEV	I-PRGE
signaling	B-PROC
pathway	I-PROC
.	O

In	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
we	O
used	O
overexpression	B-PROC
and	O
knockdown	O
methods	O
to	O
determine	O
if	O
MDA5	B-PRGE
affected	O
DEV	O
infection	B-DISO
in	O
ducks	B-SPEC
.	O

We	O
demonstrated	O
that	O
overexpression	B-PROC
of	O
duck	B-SPEC
MDA5	B-PRGE
significantly	O
upregulated	O
expression	B-PROC
of	O
interferon	B-PRGE
(	O
IFN	B-PRGE
)-	O
stimulated	O
genes	O
,	O
including	O
myxovirus	B-PRGE
resistance	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
(	O
Mx	O
),	O
IFN	O
-	O
induced	O
oligodenylate	O
synthetase	O
-	O
like	O
(	O
OASL	B-PRGE
),	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
induced	I-PRGE
transmembrane	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
1	I-PRGE
(	O
IFITM1	B-PRGE
)	O
and	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
β	I-PRGE
.	O

In	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
the	O
results	O
of	O
base	O
composition	O
analysis	O
showed	O
A	O
/	O
T	O
rich	O
and	O
G	O
/	O
C	O
poor	O
in	O
PEDV	B-PRGE
orf3	I-PRGE
genes	I-PRGE
,	O
and	O
the	O
most	O
abundant	O
base	O
was	O
nucleotide	B-CHED
T	O
.	O
The	O
relative	O
synonymous	O
codon	O
usage	O
value	O
in	O
each	O
codon	O
revealed	O
that	O
codon	O
usage	O
bias	B-SPEC
existed	O
.	O

The	O
mean	O
ENC	O
value	O
of	O
each	O
gene	O
was	O
48	O
.	O
75	O
,	O
indicating	O
a	O
low	O
codon	O
usage	O
bias	B-SPEC
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
a	O
relatively	O
instable	O
change	O
in	O
PEDV	B-PRGE
orf3	I-PRGE
genes	I-PRGE
.	O

LRN	O
-	O
B	O
laboratories	O
tested	O
1097	O
specimens	O
during	O
the	O
2014	O
Middle	O
East	O
Respiratory	O
Syndrome	B-DISO
Coronavirus	B-SPEC
outbreak	O
,	O
180	O
specimens	O
during	O
the	O
2014	O
-	O
2015	O
Ebola	O
outbreak	O
,	O
and	O
92	O
686	O
specimens	O
during	O
the	O
2016	O
-	O
2017	O
Zika	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
outbreak	O
.	O

The	O
results	O
were	O
similar	O
to	O
those	O
obtained	O
from	O
the	O
VN	O
test	O
using	O
live	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
and	O
were	O
more	O
sensitive	O
than	O
the	O
ELISA	O
performed	O
using	O
synthetic	O
MERS	O
S1	O
fragment	O
as	O
the	O
antigen	B-CHED
as	O
well	O
as	O
the	O
competitive	O
ELISA	O
performed	O
using	O
a	O
monoclonal	O
antibody	B-COMP
against	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
.	O
According	O
to	O
the	O
comprehensive	O
results	O
of	O
the	O
four	O
types	O
of	O
serodiagnosis	O
methods	O
,	O
positive	O
antibodies	B-COMP
were	O
detected	O
only	O
in	O
dromedary	B-SPEC
camels	B-SPEC
and	O
the	O
remaining	O
herbivorous	O
animals	O
were	O
not	O
infected	O
with	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
.	O

The	O
characteristic	O
skin	B-ANAT
lesions	O
appear	O
as	O
ring	O
-	O
shaped	O
hemorrhagic	O
pustules	O
that	O
evolve	O
into	O
necrotic	B-PROC
ulcers	B-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
In	O
recent	O
years	O
,	O
many	O
studies	O
have	O
shown	O
that	O
recombinant	O
adenovirus	B-DISO
live	O
vector	O
-	O
based	O
vaccines	O
are	O
a	O
promising	O
novel	O
vaccine	O
candidate	O
against	O
virus	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
.	O

Right	O
ventricular	B-ANAT
endomyocardial	O
biopsy	O
was	O
performed	O
in	O
dogs	B-SPEC
with	O
UMRD	O
(	O
dilated	B-PATH
cardiomyopathy	I-PATH
[	O
n	O
=	O
25	O
],	O
atrioventricular	B-DISO
block	I-DISO
[	O
6	O
],	O
and	O
nonfamilial	O
ventricular	B-ANAT
[	O
4	O
]	O
and	O
supraventricular	B-DISO
arrhythmias	I-DISO
[	O
2	O
])	O
or	O
CHD	O
(	O
10	O
)	O
that	O
required	O
right	O
ventricular	B-ANAT
catheterization	O
.	O

Dogs	B-SPEC
with	O
UMRD	O
were	O
significantly	O
more	O
likely	O
than	O
dogs	B-SPEC
with	O
CHD	O
to	O
have	O
pathogens	O
detected	O
in	O
biopsy	O
samples	O
(	O
OR	O
,	O
11	O
.	O
8	O
;	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
,	O
1	O
.	O
3	O
to	O
103	O
.	O
0	O
).	O

The	O
most	O
common	O
pathogens	O
in	O
dogs	B-SPEC
with	O
UMRD	O
were	O
canine	B-SPEC
distemper	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
,	O
canine	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
,	O
canine	O
parvovirus	B-DISO
2	O
,	O
and	O

It	O
infects	O
pigs	B-SPEC
of	O
all	O
ages	O
,	O
and	O
causes	O
severe	B-DISO
diarrhea	I-DISO
and	O
high	O
mortality	O
rates	O
in	O
newborn	O
pigs	B-SPEC
,	O
leading	O
to	O
devastating	O
economic	O
losses	O
in	O
the	O
pork	O
industry	O
worldwide	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
to	O
the	O
best	O
of	O
our	O
knowledge	O
there	O
has	O
been	O
no	O
reported	O
cases	O
of	O
effective	O
antiviral	B-CHED
antibody	B-COMP
-	O
peptide	B-CHED
bispecific	O
fusion	O
proteins	B-CHED
.	O

We	O
previously	O
developed	O
potent	O
fully	O
human	B-SPEC
monoclonal	O
antibodies	B-COMP
and	O
inhibitory	O
peptides	B-CHED
against	O
Middle	O
East	O
Respiratory	O
Syndrome	B-DISO
Coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
),	O
a	O
novel	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
that	O
causes	O
severe	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
illness	O
with	O
high	O
mortality	O
.	O

We	O
found	O
that	O
one	O
of	O
these	O
fusion	O
proteins	B-CHED
,	O
designated	O
as	O
m336	O
diabody	O
-	O
pep	B-CHED
,	O
exhibited	O
more	O
potent	O
inhibitory	O
activity	O
than	O
the	O
antibody	B-COMP
or	O
the	O
peptide	B-CHED
alone	O
against	O
pseudotyped	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
infection	B-DISO
and	O
MERS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
S	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
-	O
mediated	O
cell	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
cell	B-COMP
fusion	I-PROC
,	O
suggesting	O
its	O
potential	O
to	O
be	O
developed	O
as	O
an	O
effective	O
bispecific	O
immunotherapeutic	O
for	O
clinical	O
use	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Epidemiological	O
status	O
of	O
the	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
in	O
2019	O
:	O
an	O
update	O
from	O
January	O
1	O
to	O
March	O
31	O
,	O
2019	O
.	O

Health	O
care	O
workers	O
had	O
2	O
.	O
4	O
fold	O
[	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
:	O
1	O
.	O
2	O
-	O
3	O
.	O
1	O
]	O
greater	O
odds	O
of	O
death	B-PROC
compared	O
to	O
other	O
people	O
.	O

Following	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
tissue	B-ANAT
culture	O
adapted	O
strains	O
of	O
PDCoV	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
now	O
possible	O
to	O
address	O
questions	O
regarding	O
virus	B-SPEC
-	O
host	B-COMP
cell	I-COMP
interactions	O
for	O
this	O
genera	O
of	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
.	O

Here	O
,	O
we	O
presented	O
a	O
detailed	O
study	O
of	O
PDCoV	O
-	O
induced	O
replication	O
organelles	B-COMP
.	O

Initial	O
laboratory	O
testing	O
was	O
significant	O
for	O
a	O
serum	B-COMP
creatinine	B-CHED
concentration	O
of	O
4	O
.	O
1	O
mg	O
/	O
dl	O
,	O
a	O
mixed	O
metabolic	B-PROC
and	O
respiratory	B-DISO
acidosis	I-DISO
,	O
thrombocytopenia	O
,	O
abnormal	O
hepatic	B-ANAT
transaminases	O
,	O
and	O
coagulation	B-PROC
tests	O
.	O

Our	O
patient	O
simultaneously	O
had	O
kidney	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
,	O
rhabdomyolysis	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
permanent	O
hearing	B-DISO
loss	I-DISO
following	O
methadone	B-CHED
poisoning	O
.	O

Here	O
,	O
we	O
elucidate	O
the	O
determinants	O
for	O
kidney	B-ANAT
tropism	B-PROC
by	O
studying	O
interactions	O
between	O
the	O
receptor	O
-	O
binding	B-FUNC
domain	O
(	O
RBD	O
)	O
of	O
the	O
viral	O
attachment	O
protein	B-CHED
spike	O
from	O
two	O
IBV	B-SPEC
strains	O
with	O
different	O
tropisms	B-PROC
.	O

Recombinantly	O
produced	O
RBDs	O
from	O
the	O
nephropathogenic	O
IBV	B-SPEC
strain	O
QX	O
and	O
from	O
the	O
nonnephropathogenic	O
strain	O
M41	O
bound	O
to	O
the	O
epithelial	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
of	O
the	O
trachea	B-DISO
.	O

While	O
removal	O
of	O
sialic	B-CHED
acids	I-CHED
from	O
tissues	B-ANAT
prevented	O
binding	B-FUNC
of	O
all	O
proteins	B-CHED
to	O
all	O
tissues	B-ANAT
,	O
binding	B-FUNC
of	O
QX	O
-	O
RBD	O
to	O
trachea	B-DISO
and	O
kidney	B-ANAT
could	O
not	O
be	O
blocked	O
by	O
preincubation	O
with	O
synthetic	O
alpha	O
-	O
2	O
,	O
3	O
-	O
linked	O
sialic	B-CHED
acids	I-CHED
.	O

The	O
lack	O
of	O
binding	B-FUNC
of	O
QX	O
-	O
RBD	O
to	O
a	O
previously	O
identified	O
IBV	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
M41	I-PRGE
receptor	I-PRGE
was	O
confirmed	O
by	O
enzyme	O
-	O
linked	O
immunosorbent	O
assay	O
(	O
ELISA	O
),	O
demonstrating	O
that	O
tissue	B-ANAT
binding	B-FUNC
of	O
QX	O
-	O
RBD	O
is	O
dependent	O
on	O
a	O
different	O
sialylated	O
glycan	B-CHED
receptor	O
.	O

Using	O
chimeric	O
RBD	O
proteins	B-CHED
,	O
we	O
discovered	O
that	O
the	O
region	O
encompassing	O
amino	B-CHED
acids	I-CHED
99	O
to	O
159	O
of	O
QX	O
-	O
RBD	O
was	O
required	O
to	O
establish	O
kidney	B-ANAT
binding	B-FUNC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
aryl	B-PRGE
hydrocarbon	I-PRGE
receptor	I-PRGE
(	O
AhR	B-PRGE
)	O
is	O
a	O
cytoplasmic	B-COMP
receptor	O
/	O
transcription	B-PROC
factor	O
that	O
modulates	O
several	O
cellular	B-COMP
and	O
immunological	O
processes	O
following	O
activation	O
by	O
pathogen	O
-	O
associated	O
stimuli	O
,	O
though	O
its	O
role	O
during	O
virus	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
is	O
largely	O
unknown	O
.	O

The	O
use	O
and	O
experience	O
with	O
extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenation	B-PROC
(	O
ECMO	O
)	O
in	O
burn	O
patients	O
developing	O
ARDS	B-DISO
are	O
still	O
limited	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Comparison	O
of	O
Rates	O
of	O
Hospitalization	O
Between	O
Single	O
and	O
Dual	O
Virus	B-SPEC
Detection	O
in	O
a	O
Mexican	O
Cohort	O
of	O
Children	O
and	O
Adults	O
With	O
Influenza	O
-	O
Like	O
Illness	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
This	O
study	O
aimed	O
to	O
assess	O
the	O
efficacy	O
of	O
the	O
INTERCEPT	O
™	O
Blood	O
System	O
[	O
amotosalen	O
/	O
ultraviolet	O
A	O
(	O
UVA	O
)	O
light	O
]	O
to	O
reduce	O
the	O
risk	O
of	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
-	O
Coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
transmission	O
by	O
human	B-SPEC
platelet	B-ANAT
concentrates	O
.	O

Complete	O
inactivation	B-DISO
of	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
in	O
spiked	O
platelet	B-ANAT
units	O
was	O
achieved	O
by	O
treatment	O
with	O
Amotosalen	O
/	O
UVA	O
light	O
with	O
a	O
mean	O
log	O
reduction	O
of	O
4	O
·	O
48	O
±	O
0	O
·	O
3	O
.	O

There	O
were	O
19	O
cases	O
diagnosed	O
with	O
ARDS	B-DISO
and	O
treated	O
with	O
ECMO	O
and	O
57	O
controls	O
with	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

Reopening	O
the	O
sternum	B-ANAT
postoperatively	O
may	O
help	O
maintaining	O
hemodynamics	B-PROC
and	O
respiratory	B-PROC
function	I-PROC
.	O

Furthermore	O
,	O
docking	B-PROC
analyses	O
revealed	O
that	O
the	O
predicted	O
peptides	B-CHED
engaged	O
in	O
strong	O
bonding	O
with	O
the	O
HLA	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
B7	I-PRGE
allele	I-PRGE
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Humoral	O
Immunogenicity	O
and	O
Efficacy	O
of	O
a	O
Single	O
Dose	O
of	O
ChAdOx1	O
MERS	O
Vaccine	O
Candidate	O
in	O
Dromedary	B-SPEC
Camels	B-SPEC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Non	O
-	O
invasive	O
bioluminescence	B-PROC
imaging	O
of	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
OC43	I-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
and	O
therapy	O
in	O
the	O
central	B-ANAT
nervous	B-DISO
system	I-ANAT
of	O
live	O
mice	B-SPEC
.	O

Inflammatory	B-DISO
responses	I-DISO
have	O
a	O
significant	O
impact	O
on	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
and	O
disease	O
outcome	O
.	O

This	O
was	O
undertaken	O
by	O
assessing	O
IBV	B-SPEC
viral	O
RNA	O
sequences	O
from	O
the	O
ORF	O
encoding	O
the	O
S1	O
portion	O
of	O
viral	O
surface	O
glycoprotein	B-CHED
(	O
S	O
)	O
before	O
and	O
after	O
the	O
introduction	O
of	O
a	O
new	O
live	O
vaccine	O
on	O
broiler	O
farms	O
in	O
northern	O
-	O
Italy	O
.	O

This	O
evidence	O
strongly	O
supports	O
the	O
action	O
of	O
vaccine	O
-	O
induced	O
immunity	B-PROC
in	O
conditioning	O
viral	O
evolution	B-PROC
,	O
potentially	O
leading	O
to	O
the	O
emergence	O
of	O
new	O
vaccine	O
-	O
escape	O
variants	O
.	O

Reports	O
also	O
reveal	O
high	O
seroprevalence	O
,	O
which	O
indicates	O
that	O
the	O
disease	O
burden	O
of	O
enterovirus	B-SPEC
D68	O
may	O
be	O
underestimated	O
via	O
viral	O
culture	O
or	O
polymerase	O
chain	O
reaction	O
results	O
.	O

Although	O
most	O
infected	O
cases	O
have	O
mild	O
respiratory	O
illness	O
,	O
severe	O
complications	O
including	O
acute	O
flaccid	O
myelitis	B-DISO
and	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
have	O
also	O
been	O
reported	O
.	O

In	O
the	O
position	O
of	O
an	O
emerging	O
pathogen	O
,	O
enterovirus	B-SPEC
D68	O
poses	O
a	O
threat	O
to	O
public	O
health	O
and	O
may	O
cause	O
devastating	O
diseases	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Severe	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
due	O
to	O
Sai	O
-	O
rei	O
-	O
to	O
-	O
induced	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
successfully	O
treated	O
by	O
multi	O
-	O
modal	O
therapy	O
including	O
immunosuppressive	O
therapy	O
,	O
plasma	O
exchange	O
,	O
and	O
intravenous	O
immunoglobulin	B-PROC
:	O
A	O
case	O
report	O
.	O

Further	O
,	O
tests	O
for	O
anti	O
-	O
glomerular	B-ANAT
basement	I-ANAT
membrane	I-ANAT
antibody	B-COMP
,	O
myeloperoxidase	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
ANCA	B-CHED
,	I-PRGE
and	I-PRGE
proteinase	B-ENZY
3	I-ENZY
-	I-PRGE
ANCA	B-CHED
revealed	O
negative	O
results	O
.	O

Children	O
under	O
two	O
years	O
of	O
age	O
and	O
children	O
with	O
malnutrition	B-DISO
may	O
have	O
a	O
risk	O
of	O
prolonged	O
Cryptosporidium	B-SPEC
spp	B-ENZY
.	O

Factors	O
such	O
as	O
developmental	O
level	O
of	O
the	O
countries	O
,	O
immune	B-ANAT
system	I-ANAT
,	O
nutritional	O
status	O
,	O
living	O
in	O
crowded	O
environments	O
,	O
contact	O
with	O
contaminated	O
water	B-CHED
,	O
close	O
contact	O
with	O
animals	B-SPEC
,	O
working	O
at	O
a	O
hospital	O
and	O
hot	O
and	O
humid	O
climate	O
affect	O
the	O
incidence	O
of	O
Cryptosporidiosis	B-DISO
.	O

Blocking	B-DISO
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
zoonotic	O
transmission	O
from	O
dromedary	B-SPEC
camels	B-SPEC
,	O
the	O
animal	B-SPEC
reservoir	O
,	O
could	O
potentially	O
reduce	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
primary	O
human	B-SPEC
cases	O
.	O

Using	O
CRISPR	O
/	O
Cas9	O
technology	O
,	O
a	O
recombinant	O
virus	B-SPEC
rAJ1102	O
-	O
ΔORF3	O
-	O
EGFP	O
in	O
which	O
the	O
ORF3	O
gene	O
was	O
replaced	O
with	O
an	O
EGFP	B-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
,	O
was	O
successfully	O
generated	O
,	O
and	O
its	O
proliferation	B-DISO
characteristics	O
were	O
compared	O
with	O
the	O
parental	O
rAJ1102	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
As	O
compared	O
with	O
controls	O
,	O
DNA	O
from	O
HSV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
1	I-SPEC
was	O
significantly	O
more	O
frequent	O
in	O
CSF	B-ANAT
and	O
blood	B-ANAT
from	O
cases	O
with	O
ON	O
;	O
VZV	B-SPEC
and	O
HSV	B-SPEC
-	O
2	O
were	O
found	O
only	O
in	O
CSF	B-ANAT
;	O
EBV	O
was	O
found	O
only	O
in	O
blood	B-ANAT
samples	I-ANAT
(	O
p	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
006	O
).	O

The	O
presence	O
of	O
a	O
BCG	B-CHED
vaccination	O
scar	B-DISO
was	O
observed	O
in	O
2	O
patients	O
(	O
8	O
%).	O

Radiological	O
images	O
with	O
micronodular	O
opacities	B-DISO
were	O
the	O
most	O
common	O
(	O
54	O
%),	O
followed	O
by	O
macronodular	O
densities	O
(	O
33	O
%),	O
and	O
reticulonodular	O
densities	O
(	O
13	O
%).	O

An	O
improved	O
accessibility	O
to	O
early	O
diagnosis	O
and	O
treatment	O
and	O
prevention	O
of	O
TB	O
infection	B-DISO
should	O
reduce	O
its	O
prevalence	O
.	O

Taken	O
together	O
,	O
our	O
study	O
demonstrated	O
that	O
ΔEVLWI2	O
is	O
an	O
independent	O
prognostic	O
factor	O
for	O
early	O
ARDS	B-DISO
in	O
severe	O
burns	O
.	O

Fifty	O
patients	O
(	O
11	O
.	O
85	O
%)	O
were	O
diagnosed	O
with	O
sepsis	B-DISO
.	O

Multivariate	O
analysis	O
demonstrated	O
that	O
,	O
in	O
men	O
,	O
high	O
lactate	B-CHED
level	O
and	O
red	B-ANAT
blood	I-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
transfusion	O
within	O
24	O
hours	O
were	O
risk	O
factors	O
for	O
sepsis	B-DISO
.	O

Reassessment	O
of	O
sepsis	B-DISO
should	O
be	O
considered	O
at	O
day	O
8	O
of	O
hospital	O
stay	O
or	O
day	O
4	O
postoperatively	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Oxygenation	B-PROC
Index	O
in	O
the	O
First	O
24	O
Hours	O
after	O
the	O
Diagnosis	O
of	O
Acute	B-DISO
Respiratory	I-DISO
Distress	I-DISO
Syndrome	I-DISO
as	O
a	O
Surrogate	O
Metric	O
for	O
Risk	O
Stratification	O
in	O
Children	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
pediatric	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
PARDS	O
)	O
is	O
a	O
pragmatic	O
decision	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
degree	O
of	O
hypoxia	B-DISO
at	O
the	O
time	O
of	O
onset	O
.	O

Reclassification	O
based	O
on	O
data	O
measured	O
24	O
hours	O
after	O
diagnosis	O
was	O
compared	O
with	O
the	O
initial	O
classification	O
,	O
and	O
changes	O
in	O
pressure	O
parameters	O
and	O
oxygenation	B-PROC
were	O
investigated	O
for	O
their	O
prognostic	O
value	O
with	O
respect	O
to	O
mortality	O
.	O

Therefore	O
,	O
researches	O
targeting	B-PROC
these	O
viruses	B-SPEC
have	O
been	O
required	O
.	O

The	O
antiviral	B-CHED
activity	O
of	O
some	O
flavonoids	B-CHED
against	O
CoVs	O
is	O
presumed	O
directly	O
caused	O
by	O
inhibiting	O
3C	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
like	I-PRGE
protease	I-PRGE
(	O
3CLpro	O
).	O

Herbacetin	O
,	O
rhoifolin	B-CHED
and	O
pectolinarin	O
were	O
found	O
to	O
efficiently	O
block	O
the	O
enzymatic	B-PROC
activity	I-PROC
of	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
3CLpro	I-PRGE
.	O

The	O
most	O
SEYLL	O
related	O
to	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
infection	O
was	O
in	O
the	O
early	O
four	O
years	O
of	O
the	O
onset	O
of	O
the	O
pandemic	O
(	O
2012	O
to	O
2015	O
)	O
and	O
in	O
the	O
last	O
four	O
years	O
of	O
the	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
pandemic	O
(	O
216	O
to	O
2019	O
),	O
a	O
significant	O
reduction	O
was	O
observed	O
in	O
the	O
SEYLL	O
related	O
to	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
infection	B-DISO
in	O
the	O
MERS	O
patients	O
.	O

Maximum	O
likelihood	O
phylogenies	O
showed	O
that	O
the	O
OC43	O
strains	O
were	O
genetically	O
dissimilar	O
and	O
that	O
the	O
NL63	O
strain	O
was	O
closely	O
related	O
to	O
NL63	O
genotype	O
B	O
viruses	B-SPEC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Feline	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
peritonitis	I-DISO
(	O
FIP	B-DISO
)	O
emerges	O
when	O
feline	B-SPEC
coronaviruses	O
(	O
FCoVs	O
)	O
mutate	B-PROC
within	O
their	O
host	B-COMP
to	O
a	O
highly	O
virulent	O
biotype	O
and	O
the	O
immune	B-PROC
response	I-PROC
is	O
not	O
able	O
to	O
control	O
the	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
transmission	O
in	O
healthcare	O
facility	O
mainly	O
results	O
from	O
laps	O
in	O
infection	B-DISO
control	O
measures	O
and	O
late	O
isolation	O
of	O
suspected	O
cases	O
.	O

Thus	O
,	O
the	O
neonatal	O
piglet	O
model	O
of	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
serves	O
as	O
an	O
excellent	O
model	O
to	O
study	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
and	O
is	O
the	O
preferred	O
animal	B-SPEC
model	O
for	O
reasons	O
of	O
availability	O
,	O
body	B-ANAT
size	O
,	O
similarities	O
of	O
porcine	B-SPEC
and	O
human	O
lung	B-ANAT
,	O
robustness	O
,	O
and	O
costs	O
.	O

An	O
integrated	O
nostril	B-ANAT
-	O
gastric	B-ANAT
feeding	O
tube	O
containing	O
an	O
esophageal	O
electrode	O
and	O
balloon	O
was	O
placed	O
in	O
14	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
ARDS	B-DISO
prior	O
to	O
PPV	B-CHED
.	O

Monitoring	O
EMGdi	O
regularly	O
during	O
PPV	B-CHED
in	O
ARDS	B-DISO
patients	O
is	O
feasible	O
and	O
can	O
be	O
used	O
as	O
a	O
reference	O
for	O
lung	B-ANAT
protective	O
ventilation	O
strategies	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
A	O
high	O
percentage	O
of	O
camel	O
handlers	O
in	O
Saudi	O
Arabia	O
are	O
seropositive	O
for	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
.	O

The	O
use	O
of	O
therapeutic	O
drug	O
monitoring	O
for	O
patients	O
receiving	O
antimicrobial	O
therapy	O
with	O
concurrent	O
ECMO	O
may	O
facilitate	O
appropriate	O
drug	O
dosing	O
to	O
achieve	O
adequate	O
serum	B-COMP
concentrations	O
and	O
optimize	O
favorable	O
patient	O
outcomes	O
.	O

The	O
fusion	O
peptide	B-CHED
alters	O
the	O
membrane	B-PROC
organization	I-PROC
and	O
dynamics	O
of	O
the	O
host	B-COMP
membrane	B-COMP
to	O
facilitate	O
membrane	B-PROC
fusion	I-PROC
.	O

We	O
have	O
used	O
depth	O
-	O
dependent	O
fluorescence	O
probes	O
,	O
1	B-CHED
,	I-CHED
6	I-CHED
-	I-CHED
diphenyl	I-CHED
-	I-CHED
1	I-CHED
,	I-CHED
3	I-CHED
,	I-CHED
5	I-CHED
-	I-CHED
hexatriene	I-CHED
(	O
DPH	B-CHED
)	O
and	O
its	O
trimethylammonium	B-CHED
derivative	O
(	O
TMA	B-CHED
-	O
DPH	B-CHED
),	O
to	O
evaluate	O
the	O
effect	O
of	O
the	O
peptide	B-FUNC
binding	I-FUNC
along	O
the	O
bilayer	O
normal	O
.	O

We	O
have	O
further	O
evaluated	O
the	O
effect	O
of	O
membrane	B-COMP
cholesterol	B-CHED
on	O
the	O
binding	B-FUNC
and	O
organization	O
of	O
the	O
peptide	B-CHED
and	O
the	O
impact	O
of	O
peptide	B-FUNC
binding	I-FUNC
on	O
the	O
depth	O
-	O
dependent	O
physical	O
properties	O
of	O
the	O
membrane	B-COMP
at	O
various	O
cholesterol	B-CHED
concentrations	O
.	O

We	O
report	O
on	O
a	O
case	O
of	O
severe	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
secondary	O
to	O
inhalation	B-PROC
of	O
cannabis	B-DISO
oil	O
via	O
a	O
vape	O
pen	O
,	O
and	O
propose	O
a	O
new	O
term	O
that	O
describes	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
related	O
to	O
vaping	O
.	O

There	O
was	O
a	O
decreasing	O
trend	O
for	O
in	O
-	O
hospital	O
mortality	O
for	O
sepsis	B-DISO
over	O
time	O
in	O
SOT	O
patients	O
and	O
non	O
-	O
SOT	O
patients	O
(	O
P	O
<	O
.	O
05	O
)	O
due	O
to	O
early	O
sepsis	B-DISO
recognition	O
and	O
improved	O
standard	O
of	O
care	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Porcine	O
epidemic	O
diarrhea	O
virus	O
(	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
),	O
transmissible	O
gastroenteritis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
)	O
and	O
porcine	B-SPEC
deltacoronavirus	O
(	O
PDCoV	O
)	O
share	O
tropism	B-PROC
for	O
swine	B-SPEC
intestinal	B-ANAT
epithelial	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
.	O

We	O
found	O
that	O
PDCoV	O
N	O
and	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
N	O
can	O
competitively	O
interact	O
with	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
N	O
.	O
However	O
,	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
PDCoV	O
or	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
N	O
led	O
to	O
very	O
different	O
outcomes	O
on	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
replication	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
there	O
is	O
a	O
lack	O
of	O
early	O
signs	O
suggesting	O
right	O
ventricular	B-ANAT
systolic	O
and	O
diastolic	B-DISO
dysfunction	I-DISO
prior	O
to	O
acute	B-DISO
cor	I-DISO
pulmonale	I-DISO
development	B-PROC
.	O

We	O
conducted	O
a	O
retrospective	O
analytical	O
cohort	O
study	O
of	O
patients	O
for	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
undertaking	O
an	O
echocardiography	O
during	O
admission	O
in	O
the	O
cardiothoracic	O
intensive	O
care	O
unit	O
.	O

Hilar	O
congestion	B-DISO
was	O
highlighted	O
on	O
chest	B-ANAT
x	O
-	O
ray	B-SPEC
.	O

Sacubitril	O
/	O
valsartan	B-CHED
should	O
be	O
effective	O
on	O
pathophysiologic	O
mechanisms	O
and	O
cardiovascular	B-ANAT
outcomes	O
of	O
Marfan	B-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
-	O
related	O
cardiovascular	B-ANAT
complications	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Coronavirus	O
papain	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
like	I-PRGE
proteases	I-PRGE
(	O
PLPs	O
or	O
PLpro	O
),	O
such	O
as	O
the	O
one	O
encoded	O
in	O
the	O
genome	O
of	O
the	O
infectious	B-DISO
Middle	O
East	O
Respiratory	O
Syndrome	B-DISO
(	O
MERS	O
)	O
virus	B-SPEC
,	O
have	O
multiple	O
enzymatic	O
activities	O
that	O
promote	O
viral	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
.	O

Exit	O
screening	O
was	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
World	O
Health	O
Organisation	B-PROC
'	O
s	O
(	O
WHO	O
)	O
temporary	O
recommendations	O
for	O
implementation	O
in	O
certain	O
points	O
of	O
entry	O
,	O
for	O
specific	O
time	O
periods	B-PROC
.	O

Despite	O
the	O
ineffectiveness	O
of	O
entry	O
and	O
exit	O
screening	O
measures	O
,	O
authors	O
reported	O
several	O
important	O
concomitant	O
positive	O
effects	O
that	O
their	O
impact	O
is	O
difficult	O
to	O
assess	O
,	O
including	O
discouraging	O
travel	O
of	O
ill	B-DISO
persons	O
,	O
raising	O
awareness	O
,	O
and	O
educating	O
the	O
traveling	O
public	O
and	O
maintaining	O
operation	O
of	O
flights	O
from	O
/	O
to	O
the	O
affected	O
areas	O
.	O

In	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
an	O
original	O
,	O
highly	O
virulent	O
PEAV	O
strain	O
GDS04	O
was	O
serially	O
passaged	O
in	O
Vero	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
.	O

Compared	O
with	O
P15	B-PRGE
and	O
P67	B-PRGE
,	O
P100	B-PRGE
resulted	O
in	O
only	O
mild	O
clinical	O
signs	O
and	O
intestinal	B-ANAT
lesions	O
in	O
piglets	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
viral	O
distribution	O
and	O
viral	O
shedding	O
showed	O
that	O
the	O
viral	O
loads	O
of	O
rIBYZ	O
-	O
ScAUG3a	O
were	O
lower	O
than	O
those	O
of	O
rIBYZ	O
in	O
tissue	B-ANAT
samples	O
and	O
swab	O
specimens	O
.	O

Protein	B-PRGE
3b	I-PRGE
has	O
a	O
greater	O
effect	O
on	O
pathogenicity	O
than	O
protein	B-CHED
3a	O
.	O

Viruses	B-SPEC
were	O
common	O
causes	O
of	O
respiratory	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
;	O
with	O
≥	O
1	O
virus	B-SPEC
being	O
detected	O
in	O
65	O
.	O
2	O
%	O
of	O
patients	O
.	O

He	O
was	O
then	O
administered	O
valsartan	B-CHED
tablets	O
at	O
a	O
dosage	O
of	O
80	O
mg	O
per	O
day	O
and	O
L	B-CHED
-	I-CHED
carnitine	I-CHED
supplements	O
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
Thus	O
,	O
gene	O
examination	O
can	O
help	O
to	O
understand	O
the	O
etiology	O
of	O
repetitive	O
nontraumatic	O
rhabdomyolysis	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Acute	B-DISO
Respiratory	I-DISO
Distress	I-DISO
Syndrome	I-DISO
as	O
an	O
Organ	B-ANAT
Phenotype	O
of	O
Vascular	B-ANAT
Microthrombotic	O
Disease	O
:	O
Based	O
on	O
Hemostatic	O
Theory	O
and	O
Endothelial	B-ANAT
Molecular	O
Pathogenesis	B-DISO
.	O

ARDS	B-DISO
is	O
one	O
of	O
organ	B-ANAT
phenotypes	O
among	O
MODS	B-DISO
associated	O
with	O
TTP	B-DISO
-	O
like	O
syndrome	B-DISO
.	O

RSV	B-SPEC
was	O
the	O
most	O
frequently	O
co	O
-	O
detected	O
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
61	O
.	O
3	O
%).	O

When	O
compared	O
with	O
HBoV	O
detection	O
alone	O
,	O
the	O
co	O
-	O
detection	O
of	O
RSV	B-PRGE
and	O
HBoV	O
was	O
associated	O
with	O
male	O
sex	O
(	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
013	O
),	O
younger	O
age	O
(	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
01	O
),	O
and	O
lower	O
blood	B-ANAT
neutrophil	B-ANAT
count	O
(	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
032	O
).	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
HBoV	O
was	O
detected	O
alone	O
in	O
29	O
(	O
48	O
.	O
3	O
%)	O
patients	O
,	O
while	O
in	O
co	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
with	O
other	O
viruses	B-SPEC
in	O
31	O
patients	O
(	O
51	O
.	O
7	O
%),	O
with	O
a	O
peak	O
between	O
December	O
and	O
January	O
.	O

Pregnant	O
women	O
and	O
young	O
children	O
,	O
especially	O
those	O
born	O
prematurely	O
,	O
may	O
develop	O
serious	O
complications	O
if	O
infected	O
with	O
influenza	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
.	O

We	O
performed	O
a	O
1	O
:	O
1	O
case	O
-	O
control	O
study	O
enrolling	O
previously	O
healthy	O
full	O
-	O
term	O
infants	O
(≤	O
12	O
months	O
)	O
with	O
bronchiolitis	B-DISO
admitted	O
to	O
the	O
PICU	B-SPEC
as	O
cases	O
and	O
those	O
to	O
the	O
general	O
pediatric	O
ward	O
as	O
controls	O
from	O
2015	O
to	O
2017	O
.	O

The	O
PICU	B-SPEC
patients	O
were	O
younger	O
(	O
median	O
:	O
2	O
.	O
2	O
months	O
,	O
interquartile	O
range	O
:	O
1	O
.	O
3	O
-	O
4	O
.	O
2	O
)	O
than	O
the	O
general	O
ward	O
patients	O
(	O
median	O
:	O
3	O
.	O
2	O
months	O
,	O
interquartile	O
range	O
:	O
1	O
.	O
6	O
-	O
6	O
.	O
4	O
).	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
Early	O
FO	O
≥	O
5	O
%	O
has	O
been	O
linked	O
to	O
adverse	O
postoperative	O
outcomes	O
in	O
pediatric	O
patients	O
undergoing	O
repair	B-PROC
for	O
ALCAPA	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
We	O
present	O
a	O
case	O
of	O
a	O
young	O
boy	O
who	O
sustained	O
a	O
traumatic	O
brain	B-ANAT
injury	O
(	O
TBI	O
)	O
complicated	O
by	O
intractable	O
intracranial	B-DISO
hypertension	I-DISO
and	O
severe	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
with	O
hypercapnia	B-DISO
.	O

Here	O
,	O
we	O
report	O
a	O
fatal	O
case	O
of	O
APS	B-DISO
type	I-DISO
1	I-DISO
with	O
hypotension	O
and	O
profound	O
hypoglycemia	B-DISO
in	O
a	O
24	O
-	O
year	O
-	O
old	O
man	B-CHED
who	O
was	O
found	O
unconsciousness	O
at	O
home	O
and	O
progressively	O
evolved	O
into	O
pulseless	B-DISO
electrical	I-DISO
activity	I-DISO
.	O

Postmortem	O
examination	O
revealed	O
severely	O
atrophic	B-DISO
adrenal	B-ANAT
glands	I-ANAT
with	O
lymphocytic	B-DISO
infiltration	I-DISO
.	O

Furthermore	O
,	O
it	O
underscores	O
the	O
fact	O
that	O
Addison	B-DISO
'	I-DISO
s	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
can	O
occur	O
as	O
part	O
of	O
a	O
constellation	O
of	O
autoimmune	B-DISO
manifestations	O
within	O
the	O
context	O
of	O
an	O
underlying	O
polyglandular	O
syndrome	B-DISO
,	O
such	O
as	O
APS	B-DISO
type	I-DISO
1	I-DISO
.	O

Whole	O
-	O
genome	O
and	O
S	O
gene	O
sequences	O
were	O
obtained	O
from	O
nasal	B-ANAT
swabs	O
using	O
next	O
-	O
generation	O
sequencing	O
and	O
phylogenetic	O
trees	O
were	O
constructed	O
.	O

Similar	O
identity	O
matrix	O
and	O
determination	O
of	O
the	O
most	O
common	O
ancestor	O
were	O
used	O
to	O
compare	O
clusters	B-CHED
of	O
patient	O
'	O
s	O
sequences	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Prone	O
Position	O
in	O
Acute	B-DISO
Respiratory	I-DISO
Distress	I-DISO
Syndrome	I-DISO
Patients	O
:	O
A	O
Retrospective	O
Analysis	O
of	O
Complications	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Early	O
application	O
of	O
prolonged	O
prone	O
positioning	O
has	O
been	O
shown	O
to	O
improve	O
patient	O
survival	O
in	O
moderate	O
to	O
severe	O
adult	O
respiratory	O
distress	O
syndrome	O
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
patients	O
.	O

Twenty	O
-	O
three	O
patients	O
developed	O
pressure	B-DISO
sores	I-DISO
after	O
prone	O
position	O
(	O
14	O
%).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Combining	O
Procalcitonin	O
and	O
Rapid	O
Multiplex	O
Respiratory	O
Virus	B-SPEC
Testing	O
for	O
Antibiotic	B-CHED
Stewardship	O
in	O
Older	O
Adult	O
Patients	O
With	O
Severe	O
Acute	O
Respiratory	O
Infection	O
.	O

More	O
than	O
one	O
-	O
fourth	O
(	O
27	O
.	O
9	O
%)	O
of	O
the	O
patients	O
in	O
the	O
experimental	O
group	O
tested	O
positive	O
for	O
virus	B-SPEC
.	O

Compared	O
with	O
controls	O
,	O
the	O
experimental	O
group	O
had	O
a	O
significantly	O
higher	O
proportion	O
of	O
antibiotics	B-CHED
discontinuation	O
or	O
de	O
-	O
escalation	O
in	O
the	O
ED	O
(	O
26	O
.	O
0	O
%	O
vs	O
16	O
.	O
1	O
%,	O
P	O
=	O
.	O
007	O
),	O
neuraminidase	B-CHED
inhibitor	I-CHED
uses	O
(	O
8	O
.	O
9	O
%	O
vs	O
0	O
.	O
6	O
%,	O
P	O
<	O
.	O
001	O
),	O
and	O
shorter	O
duration	O
of	O
intravenous	O
antibiotics	B-CHED
(	O
10	O
.	O
0	O
vs	O
14	O
.	O
5	O
days	O
,	O
P	O
<	O
.	O
001	O
).	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
causes	O
severe	O
and	O
often	O
lethal	O
respiratory	O
illness	O
in	O
humans	B-SPEC
,	O
and	O
no	O
vaccines	O
or	O
specific	O
treatments	O
are	O
available	O
.	O

As	O
usual	O
,	O
cardiopulmonary	B-ANAT
bypass	O
circuit	O
is	O
required	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Extracorporeal	O
Life	O
Support	O
in	O
Adults	O
with	O
Acute	B-DISO
Respiratory	I-DISO
Failure	I-DISO
:	O
Current	O
Evidence	O
-	O
Based	O
Practices	O
.	O

Extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenation	B-PROC
(	O
ECMO	O
)	O
is	O
used	O
to	O
rescue	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
hypoxemic	O
and	O
hypercapnic	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
refractory	O
to	O
optimal	O
therapy	O
and	O
extracorporeal	O
carbon	B-CHED
dioxide	I-CHED
removal	O
(	O
ECCO2R	O
)	O
supports	O
hypercapnic	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
and	O
allows	O
very	O
low	O
tidal	O
volume	O
ventilation	O
to	O
minimize	O
the	O
risk	O
of	O
ventilator	O
-	O
induced	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
.	O

Dromedaries	B-SPEC
are	O
the	O
source	O
of	O
human	B-SPEC
zoonotic	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
.	O

MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
is	O
enzootic	O
among	O
dromedaries	B-SPEC
on	O
the	O
Arabian	O
Peninsula	O
,	O
the	O
Middle	O
East	O
and	O
in	O
Africa	O
.	O

ResultsSerum	O
samples	O
were	O
collected	O
from	O
camel	B-SPEC
slaughterhouse	O
workers	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
137	O
),	O
camel	B-SPEC
herders	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
156	O
)	O
and	O
individuals	O
of	O
the	O
general	O
population	O
without	O
occupational	O
contact	O
with	O
camels	B-SPEC
but	O
living	O
in	O
camel	B-SPEC
herding	O
areas	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
186	O
).	O

MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
neutralising	O
antibodies	B-COMP
with	O
≥	O
90	O
%	O
reduction	O
of	O
plaque	B-DISO
numbers	O
were	O
detected	O
in	O
two	O
(	O
1	O
.	O
5	O
%)	O
slaughterhouse	O
workers	O
,	O
none	O
of	O
the	O
camel	B-SPEC
herders	O
and	O
one	O
individual	O
from	O
the	O
general	O
population	O
(	O
0	O
.	O
5	O
%).	O
ConclusionsThis	O
study	O
provides	O
evidence	O
of	O
zoonotic	O
transmission	O
of	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
in	O
Morocco	O
in	O
people	O
who	O
have	O
direct	O
or	O
indirect	O
exposure	O
to	O
dromedary	B-SPEC
camels	B-SPEC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Utility	O
of	O
Point	O
-	O
of	O
-	O
Care	O
Lung	B-ANAT
Ultrasound	O
for	O
Initial	O
Assessment	O
of	O
Acute	B-DISO
Respiratory	I-DISO
Distress	I-DISO
Syndrome	I-DISO
Patients	O
in	O
the	O
Emergency	B-DISO
Department	O
.	O

In	O
our	O
study	O
,	O
we	O
aim	O
to	O
assess	O
the	O
utility	O
of	O
point	O
-	O
of	O
-	O
care	O
ultrasound	O
(	O
POCUS	O
)-	O
LUS	O
in	O
the	O
initial	O
assessment	O
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
patients	O
presenting	O
to	O
the	O
emergency	B-DISO
department	O
(	O
ED	O
).	O

The	O
bedside	O
LUS	O
was	O
performed	O
by	O
the	O
trained	O
emergency	B-DISO
physician	O
on	O
patients	O
with	O
undifferentiated	O
dyspnea	B-DISO
with	O
a	O
clinical	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
according	O
to	O
the	O
Berlin	O
'	O
s	O
criteria	O
.	O

The	O
distributions	O
of	O
study	O
individuals	O
were	O
as	O
follows	O
:	O
27	O
%	O
-	O
mild	O
ARDS	B-DISO
,	O
37	O
%	O
-	O
moderate	O
ARDS	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
36	O
%	O
-	O
severe	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

Recently	O
,	O
several	O
outbreaks	O
of	O
ECoV	O
infection	B-DISO
have	O
also	O
been	O
reported	O
in	O
adult	O
horses	B-SPEC
from	O
the	O
USA	O
,	O
France	O
and	O
Japan	O
.	O

Overall	O
,	O
the	O
results	O
demonstrated	O
that	O
the	O
ECoV	O
S1	O
-	O
based	O
ELISA	O
has	O
reliable	O
diagnostic	O
performance	O
compared	O
to	O
the	O
VN	O
assay	O
and	O
is	O
a	O
useful	O
assay	O
to	O
support	O
seroconversion	O
in	O
horses	B-SPEC
involved	O
with	O
ECoV	O
outbreaks	O
and	O
to	O
estimate	O
ECoV	O
seroprevalence	O
in	O
populations	O
of	O
horses	B-SPEC
.	O

Finally	O
,	O
we	O
found	O
that	O
the	O
addition	O
of	O
exogenous	O
trypsin	B-PRGE
also	O
rescues	O
HKU5	O
-	O
CoV	O
,	O
a	O
second	O
bat	B-PRGE
group	I-PRGE
2c	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
.	O
Together	O
,	O
these	O
results	O
indicate	O
that	O
proteolytic	B-PROC
cleavage	B-PROC
of	O
the	O
spike	O
,	O
not	O
receptor	B-FUNC
binding	I-FUNC
,	O
is	O
the	O
primary	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
barrier	O
for	O
these	O
two	O
group	O
2c	O
CoVs	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Attenuation	O
and	O
amino	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
changes	O
in	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
Iranian	O
793	O
/	O
B	O
serotype	O
during	O
serial	O
passaging	O
in	O
embryonated	O
chicken	O
eggs	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
use	O
of	O
live	O
attenuated	O
vaccine	O
(	O
LAV	O
)	O
is	O
the	O
main	O
method	O
for	O
controlling	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
(	O
IB	O
).	O

The	O
results	O
showed	O
a	O
decrease	O
in	O
the	O
virulence	B-PROC
and	O
pathogenicity	O
of	O
the	O
isolates	O
at	O
passage	O
90	O
compared	O
to	O
passage	O
15	O
,	O
although	O
this	O
decrease	O
in	O
pathogenicity	O
was	O
very	O
mild	O
and	O
viruses	O
after	O
passage	O
90	O
were	O
not	O
adequately	O
attenuated	O
.	O

Keywords	O
:	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
;	O
live	O
attenuated	O
vaccine	O
;	O
793	O
/	O
B	O
serotype	O
;	O
pathogenicity	O
;	O
attenuation	O
;	O
nucleotide	B-CHED
sequencing	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Coronaviruses	O
Detected	O
in	O
Bats	B-SPEC
in	O
Close	O
Contact	O
with	O
Humans	B-SPEC
in	O
Rwanda	O
.	O

Mucosal	B-ANAT
swabs	O
from	O
503	O
bats	B-SPEC
representing	O
17	O
species	B-SPEC
were	O
sampled	O
from	O
2010	O
to	O
2014	O
and	O
screened	O
by	O
consensus	O
PCR	O
for	O
11	O
viral	O
families	O
.	O

Samples	O
were	O
negative	O
for	O
all	O
viral	O
families	O
except	O
coronaviruses	O
,	O
which	O
were	O
detected	O
in	O
27	O
bats	B-SPEC
belonging	O
to	O
eight	O
species	B-SPEC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Choking	B-DISO
agents	O
and	O
chlorine	B-CHED
gas	B-ENZY
-	O
History	O
,	O
pathophysiology	O
,	O
clinical	O
effects	O
and	O
treatment	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Choking	O
agent	O
exposure	O
,	O
among	O
them	O
chlorine	B-CHED
gas	B-ENZY
,	O
occurs	O
in	O
household	O
or	O
industrial	O
accidents	O
,	O
chemical	O
warfare	O
and	O
terrorist	O
attacks	O
.	O

Chlorine	B-CHED
gas	B-ENZY
has	O
a	O
medium	O
solubility	O
,	O
also	O
causing	O
delayed	O
lower	O
airway	B-ANAT
symptoms	O
,	O
mainly	O
due	O
to	O
its	O
oxidizing	O
potential	O
by	O
releasing	O
hypochlorous	O
and	O
hydrochloric	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
,	O
but	O
also	O
by	O
interacting	O
with	O
Transient	O
Receptor	O
Potential	O
channels	O
.	O

Burns	O
of	O
the	O
oronasal	O
mucosa	B-ANAT
and	O
trachea	B-DISO
can	O
occur	O
.	O

Chlorine	B-CHED
gas	B-ENZY
can	O
cause	O
toxic	B-DISO
pneumonitis	I-DISO
,	O
lung	B-DISO
edema	I-DISO
and	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
).	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
Treatment	O
is	O
mainly	O
symptom	B-DISO
oriented	O
.	O

The	O
novel	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
,	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
,	O
is	O
influenced	O
by	O
climate	O
conditions	O
with	O
increasing	O
incidence	O
between	O
April	O
and	O
August	O
.	O

The	O
effort	B-PROC
-	O
dependent	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
has	O
been	O
termed	O
'	O
patient	O
self	O
-	O
inflicted	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
(	O
P	O
-	O
SILI	O
)'	O
in	O
2017	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Identification	O
of	O
the	O
immunodominant	O
neutralizing	O
regions	O
in	O
the	O
spike	O
glycoprotein	B-CHED
of	O
porcine	B-SPEC
deltacoronavirus	O
.	O

Crucial	O
to	O
halting	O
PDCoV	O
transmission	O
and	O
infection	B-DISO
is	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
effective	O
therapies	O
and	O
vaccines	O
.	O

We	O
describe	O
our	O
experience	O
with	O
12	O
consecutive	O
severe	O
ARDS	B-DISO
patients	O
(	O
age	O
,	O
39	O
.	O
1	O
±	O
16	O
.	O
4	O
years	O
)	O
supported	O
with	O
awake	O
ECMO	O
to	O
wait	O
for	O
native	O
lung	B-ANAT
recovery	O
during	O
prolonged	O
ECMO	O
treatment	O
from	O
July	O
2013	O
to	O
January	O
2018	O
.	O

The	O
study	O
involved	O
a	O
retrospective	O
chart	O
review	O
of	O
confirmed	O
cases	O
of	O
MERS	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
infections	B-DISO
in	O
a	O
tertiary	O
care	O
referral	O
center	O
in	O
Riyadh	O
,	O
Saudi	O
Arabia	O
,	O
from	O
January	O
2015	O
to	O
October	O
2018	O
.	O

Two	O
of	O
the	O
24	O
patients	O
died	B-PROC
.	O

Nephropathogenic	O
IBVs	O
might	O
reach	B-PROC
the	O
kidney	B-ANAT
also	O
via	O
an	O
ascending	O
route	O
from	O
the	O
cloaca	B-SPEC
,	O
based	O
on	O
our	O
observation	O
that	O
viral	O
RNA	O
was	O
detected	O
in	O
the	O
cloaca	B-SPEC
one	O
day	O
before	O
detection	O
in	O
the	O
kidney	B-ANAT
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Recent	O
Research	O
on	O
Occupational	O
Animal	B-SPEC
Exposures	O
and	O
Health	O
Risks	O
:	O
A	O
Narrative	O
Review	O
.	O

16s	B-CHED
RNA	O
amplicon	O
sequencing	O
identified	O
distinct	O
microbiota	B-SPEC
compositions	O
in	O
households	O
with	O
active	O
animal	B-SPEC
farmers	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
-	O
syndrome	B-DISO
in	O
the	O
general	O
complications	O
of	O
severe	O
acute	B-DISO
pancreatitis	I-DISO
.	O

The	O
most	O
frequent	O
clinical	O
form	O
(	O
15	O
cases	O
)	O
was	O
ARDS	B-DISO
of	O
moderate	O
severity	O
(	O
41	O
.	O
5	O
%).	O

The	O
total	O
mortality	O
due	O
to	O
pancreatitis	B-DISO
-	O
associated	O
ARDS	B-DISO
made	O
44	O
.	O
5	O
%.	O

All	O
lethal	O
outcomes	O
occurred	O
due	O
to	O
progressing	O
multiple	O
organ	B-ANAT
dysfunction	O
.	O

Coronavirus	B-SPEC
spike	O
protein	B-CHED
mediates	O
viral	O
entry	O
into	O
cells	B-COMP
by	O
first	O
binding	B-FUNC
to	O
a	O
receptor	O
on	O
the	O
host	B-COMP
cell	I-COMP
surface	I-COMP
and	O
then	O
fusing	O
viral	O
and	O
host	B-COMP
membranes	B-ANAT
.	O

Camel	B-SPEC
and	O
bats	B-SPEC
have	O
been	O
identified	O
as	O
a	O
potential	O
source	O
of	O
virus	B-SPEC
for	O
disease	O
spread	O
to	O
human	B-SPEC
.	O

The	O
amino	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
sequences	O
variations	O
were	O
observed	O
in	O
28	O
/	O
35	O
samples	O
and	O
two	O
unique	O
amino	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
sequences	O
variations	O
were	O
observed	O
in	O
all	O
samples	O
analyzed	O
while	O
total	O
19	O
nucleotides	B-CHED
sequences	O
variations	O
were	O
observed	O
in	O
the	O
Spike	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
.	O

The	O
minor	O
recombination	B-PROC
events	O
were	O
identified	O
in	O
eight	O
different	O
sequences	O
at	O
various	O
hotspots	O
in	O
both	O
human	B-SPEC
and	O
camel	B-SPEC
samples	O
using	O
recombination	B-PROC
detection	O
programme	O
.	O

The	O
results	O
demonstrated	O
that	O
four	O
compounds	O
(	O
6g	O
,	O
6l	O
,	O
6y	O
and	O
8c	O
)	O
showed	O
robust	O
anti	O
-	O
influenza	B-DISO
potencies	O
against	O
H5N1	B-DISO
,	O
H5N2	B-CHED
and	O
H5N6	O
strains	O
in	O
both	O
enzymatic	O
assay	O
and	O
cellular	B-COMP
assay	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Feline	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
peritonitis	I-DISO
(	O
FIP	B-DISO
)	O
is	O
a	O
fatal	O
immune	O
-	O
mediated	O
disease	O
of	O
cats	B-SPEC
,	O
induced	O
by	O
feline	B-SPEC
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
FCoV	O
).	O

A	O
combination	O
of	O
as	O
yet	O
poorly	O
understood	O
host	B-COMP
and	O
viral	O
factors	O
combine	O
to	O
cause	O
a	O
minority	O
of	O
FCoV	O
-	O
infected	O
cats	B-SPEC
to	O
develop	O
FIP	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
A	O
database	O
of	O
geopositioned	O
Middle	O
East	O
Respiratory	O
Syndrome	B-DISO
Coronavirus	B-SPEC
occurrences	O
.	O

More	O
broadly	O
,	O
it	O
may	O
also	O
provide	O
useful	O
data	O
for	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
targeted	B-PROC
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
surveillance	O
,	O
which	O
would	O
prove	O
invaluable	O
in	O
preventing	O
future	O
zoonotic	O
spillover	O
.	O

Furthermore	O
,	O
ORF8b	O
was	O
able	O
to	O
inhibit	O
all	O
forms	O
of	O
RIG	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
I	I-PRGE
;	O
full	O
-	O
length	O
,	O
RIG	O
-	O
I	O
-	O
1	O
-	O
734	O
,	O
and	O
RIG	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
I	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
-	O
228	O
,	O
last	O
of	O
which	O
contains	O
only	O
the	O
CARD	B-PRGE
domains	I-PRGE
.	O

Collectively	O
,	O
we	O
suggest	O
that	O
this	O
hDPP4	O
-	O
transgenic	O
mouse	B-SPEC
is	O
useful	O
to	O
enable	O
understanding	O
of	O
the	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
of	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
infection	B-DISO
and	O
for	O
antiviral	B-CHED
research	O
and	O
vaccine	O
development	B-PROC
against	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
We	O
have	O
reported	O
on	O
aristeromycin	O
(	O
1	O
)	O
and	O
6	O
'-	O
fluorinated	O
-	O
aristeromycin	O
analogues	O
(	O
2	O
),	O
which	O
are	O
active	O
against	O
RNA	O
viruses	B-SPEC
such	O
as	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
),	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
),	O
Zika	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
ZIKV	O
),	O
and	O
Chikungunya	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
CHIKV	O
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Enzootic	O
patterns	O
of	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
in	O
imported	O
African	O
and	O
local	O
Arabian	O
dromedary	O
camels	B-SPEC
:	O
a	O
prospective	O
genomic	O
study	O
.	O

Reproduction	B-PROC
number	O
estimates	O
informed	O
by	O
the	O
sequences	O
suggest	O
sustained	O
endemicity	O
of	O
NRC	B-PRGE
,	O
with	O
a	O
mean	O
R	O
Despite	O
frequent	O
imports	O
of	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
with	O
camels	B-SPEC
from	O
Africa	O
,	O
African	O
lineages	O
of	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
do	O
not	O
establish	O
themselves	O
in	O
Saudi	O
Arabia	O
.	O

Phylogenetic	O
analysis	O
indicated	O
complex	O
ecological	O
interactions	O
including	O
virus	O
-	O
host	B-COMP
associations	O
,	O
cross	O
-	O
species	B-SPEC
infections	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
multiple	O
viral	O
strains	O
circulating	O
concurrently	O
within	O
selected	O
bat	B-ENZY
populations	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
SKP2	B-PRGE
attenuates	O
autophagy	B-PROC
through	O
Beclin1	O
-	O
ubiquitination	B-PROC
and	O
its	O
inhibition	B-PROC
reduces	O
MERS	O
-	O
Coronavirus	B-SPEC
infection	I-DISO
.	O

Genetic	O
or	O
pharmacological	O
inhibition	B-PROC
of	O
SKP2	B-PRGE
decreases	O
BECN1	B-PRGE
ubiquitination	B-PROC
,	O
decreases	O
BECN1	B-PRGE
degradation	O
and	O
enhances	O
autophagic	O
flux	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Use	O
of	O
Ambulance	O
Dispatch	O
Calls	O
for	O
Surveillance	O
of	O
Severe	O
Acute	B-DISO
Respiratory	I-DISO
Infections	I-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Genetic	O
manipulation	O
of	O
porcine	B-SPEC
deltacoronavirus	O
reveals	O
insights	O
into	O
NS6	B-DISO
and	O
NS7	B-DISO
functions	O
:	O
a	O
novel	O
strategy	O
for	O
vaccine	O
design	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Porcine	O
deltacoronavirus	O
(	O
PDCoV	O
)	O
is	O
an	O
emerging	O
swine	B-SPEC
coronavirus	B-SPEC
that	O
causes	O
severe	B-DISO
diarrhea	I-DISO
,	O
resulting	O
in	O
high	O
mortality	O
in	O
neonatal	O
piglets	O
.	O

The	O
tissue	B-PROC
tropism	B-PROC
is	O
determined	O
by	O
spike	O
(	O
S	O
)	O
protein	B-CHED
,	O
although	O
the	O
molecular	O
bases	B-CHED
for	O
enteric	O
tropism	B-PROC
remain	O
to	O
be	O
fully	O
characterized	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Respiratory	O
viruses	B-SPEC
infect	O
the	O
human	B-SPEC
upper	B-ANAT
respiratory	I-ANAT
tract	I-ANAT
,	O
mostly	O
causing	O
mild	O
diseases	O
.	O

According	O
to	O
the	O
biological	O
activity	O
studies	O
of	O
the	O
compounds	O
,	O
5a	O
-	O
c	O
displayed	O
hope	O
promising	O
antitubercular	B-CHED
activity	O
,	O
6d	O
was	O
found	O
as	O
potent	O
for	O
Coxsackie	O
B4	O
virus	B-SPEC
,	O
5d	O
was	O
found	O
as	O
effective	O
against	O
Feline	B-SPEC
corona	B-CHED
and	O
Feline	B-SPEC
herpes	B-DISO
viruses	B-SPEC
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
Pregnant	O
women	O
with	O
H1N1	O
infection	B-DISO
are	O
at	O
higher	O
risk	O
of	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
and	O
death	B-PROC
than	O
other	O
women	O
in	O
the	O
reproductive	B-PROC
period	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
All	O
tested	O
samples	O
which	O
were	O
originally	O
found	O
negative	O
for	O
influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
H1N1	O
virus	B-SPEC
were	O
also	O
found	O
to	O
be	O
negative	O
for	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
.	O

In	O
this	O
present	O
study	O
,	O
we	O
developed	O
a	O
detection	O
system	O
of	O
microbes	O
from	O
porcine	B-SPEC
respiratory	O
by	O
using	O
TaqMan	O
real	O
-	O
time	O
PCR	O
(	O
referred	O
to	O
as	O
Dempo	O
-	O
PCR	O
)	O
to	O
screen	O
a	O
broad	O
range	O
of	O
pathogens	O
associated	O
with	O
porcine	B-SPEC
respiratory	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
in	O
a	O
single	O
run	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Fill	O
the	O
gap	O
between	O
traditional	O
and	O
new	O
era	B-CHED
:	O
The	O
medical	O
educational	O
reform	O
in	O
Taiwan	O
.	O

Now	O
,	O
the	O
first	O
class	B-SPEC
of	O
physicians	O
will	O
enter	O
the	O
workplace	O
in	O
2019	O
,	O
subject	O
to	O
various	O
clinical	O
challenges	O
.	O

We	O
found	O
MALAT1	O
was	O
significantly	O
increased	O
in	O
the	O
ARDS	B-DISO
patients	O
'	O
plasma	B-ANAT
and	O
PBMCs	O
.	O

MALAT1	B-PRGE
interacted	O
with	O
miR	O
-	O
425	O
and	O
protected	O
phosphatase	B-PRGE
and	I-PRGE
tensin	I-PRGE
homolog	I-PRGE
(	O
PTEN	B-PRGE
)	O
expression	B-PROC
in	O
A549	O
and	O
HFL	O
-	O
1	O
cells	B-COMP
.	O

However	O
,	O
little	O
is	O
known	O
about	O
herpes	B-SPEC
simplex	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
HSV	B-SPEC
)	O
and	O
Cytomegalovirus	B-SPEC
(	O
CMV	B-SPEC
)	O
reactivation	O
occurring	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
ARDS	B-DISO
under	O
veno	O
-	O
venous	B-ANAT
extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenation	B-PROC
(	O
ECMO	O
).	O

We	O
tried	O
to	O
determine	O
the	O
frequency	O
of	O
Herpesviridae	B-SPEC
reactivation	O
and	O
its	O
impact	O
on	O
patients	O
'	O
prognosis	O
during	O
ECMO	O
for	O
severe	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

Disease	O
involving	O
all	O
three	O
Yang	O
channels	O
is	O
the	O
core	O
of	O
the	O
pathogenesis	O
of	O
Chaige	O
Jieji	O
Decoction	O
syndrome	B-DISO
,	O
in	O
which	O
headache	B-DISO
is	O
the	O
key	O
indications	O
.	O

Chaige	O
Jieji	O
Decoction	O
can	O
not	O
only	O
treat	O
exogenous	O
diseases	O
,	O
but	O
also	O
treat	O
nosocomial	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
in	O
critically	B-DISO
ill	I-DISO
patients	O
during	O
hospitalization	O
.	O

Blood	B-ANAT
investigations	O
revealed	O
moderate	O
eosinophilia	B-DISO
and	O
elevated	O
IgE	B-DISO
levels	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
(	O
MERS	B-DISO
)	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
is	O
usually	O
diagnosed	O
through	O
highly	O
sensitive	O
and	O
specific	O
genetic	O
tests	O
such	O
as	O
real	O
-	O
time	O
reverse	B-PROC
transcription	I-PROC
polymerase	O
chain	O
reaction	O
(	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
).	O

METHODS	O
:	O
A	O
series	O
of	O
benzo	O
[	O
d	O
][	O
1	O
,	O
2	O
,	O
3	O
]	O
triazol	O
-	O
1	O
(	O
2	O
)-	O
yl	O
derivatives	O
(	O
here	O
named	O
benzotriazol	O
-	O
1	O
(	O
2	O
)-	O
yl	O
)	O
(	O
4a	O
-	O
i	O
,	O
5a	O
-	O
h	O
,	O
6a	O
-	O
e	O
,	O
g	O
,	O
i	O
,	O
j	O
and	O
7a	O
-	O
f	O
,	O
h	O
-	O
j	O
)	O
were	O
designed	O
,	O
synthesized	O
and	O
in	O
vitro	O
evaluated	O
for	O
cytotoxicity	B-DISO
and	O
antiviral	B-CHED
activity	O
against	O
two	O
important	O
human	B-SPEC
enteroviruses	B-SPEC
(	O
HEVs	O
)	O
members	O
of	O
the	O
Picornaviridae	B-SPEC
family	B-SPEC
[	O
Coxsackievirus	B-SPEC
B	O
5	O
(	O
CVB	O
-	O
5	O
)	O
and	O
Poliovirus	B-SPEC
1	O
(	O
Sb	O
-	O
1	O
)].	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Management	O
of	O
H1N1	O
viral	O
infection	O
-	O
associated	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
has	O
primarily	O
been	O
focused	O
on	O
lung	B-ANAT
protective	O
ventilation	O
strategies	O
,	O
despite	O
that	O
mortality	O
remains	O
high	O
(	O
up	O
to	O
45	O
%).	O

In	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
we	O
identified	O
a	O
newly	O
emerged	O
swine	B-SPEC
acute	B-DISO
diarrhea	I-DISO
syndrome	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SADS	O
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
in	O
diarrheal	O
samples	O
of	O
piglets	O
from	O
Fujian	O
province	O
in	O
Southern	O
China	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
prevalence	O
rate	O
of	O
SADS	O
-	O
CoV	O
was	O
10	O
.	O
29	O
%	O
(	O
7	O
/	O
68	O
).	O

The	O
most	O
frequent	O
mutations	O
were	O
present	O
in	O
the	O
collagenase	B-PRGE
equivalent	I-PRGE
(	O
COE	O
)	O
and	O
epitope	B-CHED
regions	O
of	O
the	O
spike	O
gene	O
of	O
the	O
PEDVs	O
currently	O
circulating	O
in	O
the	O
field	O
.	O

The	O
findings	O
of	O
this	O
study	O
indicated	O
that	O
variant	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
,	O
PDCoV	O
,	O
and	O
SADS	O
-	O
CoV	O
were	O
leading	O
etiologic	O
agents	O
of	O
porcine	B-SPEC
diarrhea	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
either	O
mono	B-DISO
-	O
infections	B-DISO
or	O
co	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
infections	I-DISO
of	O
pathogenic	O
enteric	O
CoVs	O
were	O
common	O
in	O
pigs	B-SPEC
in	O
Southern	O
China	O
during	O
2012	O
-	O
2018	O
.	O

Here	O
we	O
describe	O
these	O
methods	O
,	O
highlighting	O
virus	B-SPEC
-	O
cell	B-COMP
entry	O
factors	O
,	O
entry	O
inhibitors	B-CHED
,	O
and	O
viral	O
determinants	O
that	O
specify	O
the	O
cell	B-COMP
entry	O
routes	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Bacterial	O
Artificial	O
Chromosome	B-COMP
-	O
Based	O
Lambda	O
Red	O
Recombination	B-PROC
with	O
the	O
I	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
SceI	I-PRGE
Homing	I-PRGE
Endonuclease	I-PRGE
for	O
Genetic	B-DISO
Alteration	I-DISO
of	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
.	O
ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Over	O
the	O
past	O
two	O
decades	O
,	O
several	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
CoV	O
)	O
infectious	B-DISO
clones	O
have	O
been	O
engineered	O
,	O
allowing	O
for	O
the	O
manipulation	O
of	O
their	O
large	O
viral	O
genomes	O
(~	O
30	O
kb	O
)	O
using	O
unique	O
reverse	O
genetic	O
systems	O
.	O

Quickly	O
after	O
the	O
identification	O
of	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
),	O
both	O
in	O
vitro	O
ligation	O
and	O
BAC	O
-	O
based	O
reverse	O
genetic	O
technologies	O
were	O
engineered	O
for	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
to	O
study	O
its	O
basic	O
biological	O
properties	O
,	O
develop	O
live	O
-	O
attenuated	O
vaccines	O
,	O
and	O
test	O
antiviral	B-CHED
drugs	I-CHED
.	O

Coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
CoV	O
)	O
has	O
an	O
exceptionally	O
large	O
RNA	O
genome	O
(~	O
30	O
kb	O
)	O
and	O
it	O
encodes	O
an	O
essential	O
replicase	B-PRGE
,	O
the	O
nonstructural	O
protein	B-CHED
13	O
(	O
nsp13	O
),	O
a	O
member	O
of	O
superfamily	B-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
helicases	I-PRGE
.	O

With	O
these	O
methods	O
,	O
catalytically	O
active	O
recombinant	O
MERS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
nsp13	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
can	O
be	O
prepared	O
and	O
crystallized	O
and	O
the	O
crystal	B-ANAT
structure	O
can	O
be	O
solved	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Antigen	B-CHED
Capture	O
Enzyme	O
-	O
Linked	O
Immunosorbent	O
Assay	O
for	O
Detecting	O
Middle	O
East	O
Respiratory	O
Syndrome	B-DISO
Coronavirus	B-SPEC
in	O
Humans	B-SPEC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Quantification	O
of	O
the	O
Middle	O
East	O
Respiratory	O
Syndrome	B-DISO
-	O
Coronavirus	B-SPEC
RNA	O
in	O
Tissues	B-ANAT
by	O
Quantitative	O
Real	O
-	O
Time	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
.	O

MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
infection	B-DISO
leads	O
to	O
a	O
variety	O
of	O
clinical	O
outcomes	O
in	O
humans	B-SPEC
ranging	O
from	O
asymptomatic	O
and	O
mild	O
infection	B-DISO
to	O
severe	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
and	O
multi	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
organ	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
and	O
death	B-PROC
.	O

To	O
study	O
the	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
of	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
infection	B-DISO
and	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
medical	O
countermeasures	O
(	O
MCMs	O
)	O
for	O
MERS	O
,	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
genetically	O
modified	O
mouse	B-SPEC
models	O
have	O
been	O
developed	O
,	O
including	O
various	O
versions	O
of	O
transgenic	B-SPEC
mice	I-SPEC
expressing	O
the	O
human	B-PRGE
DPP4	I-PRGE
viral	I-PRGE
receptor	I-PRGE
.	O

Tracking	O
and	O
quantifying	O
viral	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
,	O
among	O
others	O
,	O
in	O
permissive	O
hosts	B-COMP
is	O
a	O
key	O
endpoint	O
for	O
studying	O
MERS	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
and	O
evaluating	O
the	O
efficacy	O
of	O
selected	O
MCMs	O
developed	O
for	O
MERS	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Generation	O
of	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
Pseudotyped	O
Viral	B-COMP
Particles	I-COMP
for	O
the	O
Evaluation	O
of	O
Neutralizing	O
Antibodies	B-COMP
in	O
Mammalian	B-SPEC
Sera	B-COMP
.	O

This	O
platform	O
is	O
optimized	O
to	O
generate	O
high	O
titer	O
of	O
MERSpp	O
and	O
to	O
test	O
sera	B-COMP
from	O
different	O
mammalian	B-SPEC
species	B-SPEC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Qualitative	O
and	O
Quantitative	O
Determination	O
of	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
S1	O
-	O
Specific	O
Antibodies	B-COMP
Using	O
ELISA	O
.	O

The	O
ongoing	O
threat	O
to	O
global	O
public	O
health	O
and	O
the	O
need	O
for	O
novel	O
therapeutic	O
countermeasures	O
have	O
driven	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
animal	B-SPEC
models	O
that	O
can	O
reproducibly	O
replicate	O
the	O
pathology	B-DISO
associated	O
with	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
in	O
human	B-SPEC
infections	B-DISO
.	O

Identification	O
of	O
human	B-PRGE
dipeptidyl	I-PRGE
peptidase	I-PRGE
IV	I-PRGE
(	O
hDPP4	O
)	O
as	O
the	O
receptor	O
for	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
infection	B-DISO
opened	O
the	O
door	O
for	O
genetic	O
engineering	O
of	O
mice	B-SPEC
.	O

Here	O
we	O
describe	O
the	O
MPLEx	O
protocol	O
,	O
highlight	O
the	O
step	O
of	O
inactivation	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
describe	O
the	O
details	O
of	O
downstream	O
processing	O
,	O
instrumental	O
analysis	O
of	O
the	O
three	O
separate	O
analytes	O
,	O
and	O
their	O
subsequent	O
informatics	O
pipelines	O
.	O

Consequently	O
,	O
the	O
ability	O
of	O
neutrophils	B-ANAT
and	O
Inflammatory	O
Monocyte	B-ANAT
Macrophages	B-ANAT
(	O
IMMs	O
)	O
to	O
secrete	B-PROC
inflammatory	O
cytokines	O
and	O
chemokines	O
,	O
and	O
its	O
correlation	O
with	O
the	O
disease	O
severity	O
,	O
is	O
not	O
well	O
defined	O
.	O

We	O
also	O
describe	O
a	O
simple	O
method	O
to	O
measure	O
intracellular	B-COMP
cytokine	B-PROC
production	I-PROC
to	O
evaluate	O
the	O
inflammatory	O
activity	O
of	O
neutrophils	B-ANAT
and	O
IMMs	O
in	O
a	O
mouse	B-SPEC
model	O
of	O
human	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
infection	O
.	O

Histopathology	O
studies	O
allow	O
for	O
identification	O
of	O
lesions	O
and	O
affected	O
cell	B-COMP
types	O
to	O
better	O
understand	O
viral	B-DISO
pathogenesis	I-DISO
and	O
clarify	O
effective	O
therapies	O
.	O

This	O
case	O
report	O
describes	O
the	O
circumstances	O
surrounding	O
the	O
critical	B-DISO
illness	I-DISO
of	O
a	O
healthy	O
7	O
-	O
year	O
-	O
old	O
child	O
who	O
developed	O
a	O
massive	O
air	B-CHED
leak	O
syndrome	B-DISO
secondary	O
to	O
influenza	B-DISO
B	O
.	O
She	O
required	O
the	O
emergent	O
insertion	O
of	O
a	O
chest	B-ANAT
tube	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
intubation	O
and	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
.	O

In	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
we	O
used	O
IPEC	O
-	O
J2	O
cells	B-COMP
as	O
a	O
model	O
to	O
explore	O
potential	O
evasion	O
strategies	O
employed	O
by	O
SADS	O
-	O
CoV	O
.	O
Our	O
results	O
showed	O
that	O
SADS	O
-	O
CoV	O
infection	B-DISO
failed	O
to	O
induce	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
β	I-PRGE
production	O
,	O
and	O
inhibited	O
poly	O
(	O
I	O
:	O
C	O
)	O
and	O
Sendai	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
SeV	O
)-	O
triggered	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
β	I-PRGE
expression	B-PROC
.	O

SADS	O
-	O
CoV	O
also	O
blocked	O
poly	O
(	O
I	O
:	O
C	O
)-	O
induced	O
phosphorylation	B-PROC
and	O
nuclear	B-PROC
translocation	I-PROC
of	O
IRF	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
3	I-PRGE
and	O
NF	O
-	O
κB	O
.	O
Furthermore	O
,	O
SADS	O
-	O
CoV	O
did	O
not	O
interfere	O
with	O
the	O
activity	O
of	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
β	I-PRGE
promoter	I-PRGE
stimulated	O
by	O
IRF3	B-PRGE
,	O
TBK1	B-FUNC
and	O
IKKε	O
,	O
but	O
counteracted	O
its	O
activation	O
induced	O
by	O
IPS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
and	O
RIG	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
I	I-PRGE
.	O
Collectively	O
,	O
this	O
study	O
is	O
the	O
first	O
investigation	O
that	O
shows	O
interactions	O
between	O
SADS	O
-	O
CoV	O
and	O
the	O
host	O
innate	B-PROC
immunity	I-PROC
,	O
which	O
provides	O
information	O
of	O
the	O
molecular	O
mechanisms	O
underlying	O
SASD	O
-	O
CoV	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

Adenovirus	B-SPEC
type	O
7	O
was	O
identified	O
in	O
bronchoalveolar	O
lavages	O
and	O
plasma	B-ANAT
samples	O
of	O
both	O
patients	O
,	O
each	O
of	O
whom	O
received	O
cidofovir	B-CHED
.	O

Although	O
treatment	O
is	O
predominantly	O
supportive	O
,	O
early	O
use	O
of	O
cidofovir	B-CHED
may	O
improve	O
outcomes	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Respiratory	O
illness	O
and	O
acute	O
flaccid	O
myelitis	B-DISO
in	O
the	O
Tokai	O
district	O
in	O
2018	O
.	O

We	O
hypothesized	O
that	O
increases	O
in	O
children	O
hospitalized	O
with	O
severe	O
respiratory	O
illnesses	O
might	O
be	O
associated	O
with	O
increase	O
in	O
acute	O
flaccid	O
myelitis	B-DISO
also	O
in	O
autumn	O
2018	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Feline	B-SPEC
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
FCoV	O
)	O
is	O
a	O
pathogen	O
causing	O
a	O
lethal	O
infectious	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
in	O
cats	B-SPEC
,	O
feline	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
peritonitis	I-DISO
.	O

Her	O
medical	O
history	O
included	O
bipolar	B-DISO
disorder	I-DISO
on	O
quetiapine	B-CHED
and	O
sertraline	B-CHED
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
a	O
previous	O
ICU	O
admission	O
,	O
approximately	O
2	O
years	O
prior	O
,	O
for	O
non	O
-	O
cirrhotic	O
hyperammonaemic	O
encephalopathy	B-DISO
that	O
was	O
complicated	O
by	O
prolonged	O
post	O
discharge	B-ANAT
anxiety	O
and	O
post	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
traumatic	I-DISO
stress	I-DISO
disorder	I-DISO
-	O
like	O
symptoms	O
,	O
consistent	O
with	O
post	O
-	O
intensive	O
-	O
care	O
syndrome	B-DISO
.	O

Here	O
,	O
we	O
present	O
a	O
case	O
,	O
and	O
explore	O
the	O
outcomes	O
for	O
a	O
patient	O
who	O
had	O
two	O
separate	O
admissions	O
with	O
life	O
-	O
threatening	O
illnesses	O
,	O
but	O
had	O
distinct	O
differences	O
in	O
the	O
psychological	B-DISO
outcomes	O
following	O
each	O
illness	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Cryo	O
-	O
EM	O
analysis	O
of	O
a	O
feline	B-PRGE
coronavirus	B-SPEC
spike	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
reveals	O
a	O
unique	O
structure	O
and	O
camouflaging	O
glycans	O
.	O

The	O
close	O
genetic	O
relationship	O
,	O
but	O
obvious	O
differences	O
between	O
PhCoVs	O
and	O
IBVs	O
suggested	O
the	O
IBVs	O
could	O
be	O
the	O
ancestors	O
of	O
PhCoVs	O
,	O
and	O
that	O
PhCoVs	O
isolated	O
from	O
different	O
outbreaks	O
may	O
have	O
evolved	O
independently	O
from	O
IBVs	O
circulating	O
in	O
the	O
specific	O
region	O
by	O
adaption	B-PROC
in	O
pheasants	O
.	O

A	O
total	O
of	O
15	O
types	O
of	O
RNA	O
viruses	B-SPEC
and	O
a	O
single	O
type	O
of	O
DNA	O
virus	B-SPEC
were	O
detected	O
.	O

The	O
type	B-PRGE
I	I-PRGE
interferon	I-PRGE
(	O
type	B-PRGE
I	I-PRGE
IFN	I-PRGE
)-	O
mediated	O
immune	B-PROC
responses	I-PROC
provide	O
host	B-COMP
protection	O
from	O
infectious	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
.	O

Further	O
investigation	O
revealed	O
that	O
the	O
cleavage	B-PROC
products	O
of	O
NEMO	O
lost	B-CHED
the	O
ability	O
to	O
activate	O
the	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
β	I-PRGE
promoter	I-PRGE
.	O

Some	O
enzymatic	O
activities	O
are	O
generally	O
associated	O
with	O
RNA	O
viruses	B-SPEC
such	O
as	O
RNA	O
-	O
or	O
DNA	O
-	O
dependent	O
RNA	B-PRGE
polymerases	I-PRGE
,	O
RNA	B-PRGE
helicases	I-PRGE
or	O
proteases	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Inhaled	B-PROC
Epoprostenol	B-CHED
to	O
Facilitate	O
Safe	O
Transport	B-PROC
in	O
Legionnaires	B-DISO
'	I-DISO
Disease	I-DISO
.	O

A	O
39	O
-	O
year	O
-	O
old	O
man	B-CHED
who	O
lives	O
in	O
Bangkok	O
presented	O
with	O
fever	B-PROC
,	O
severe	O
myalgia	B-DISO
and	O
haemoptysis	B-DISO
.	O

Prior	O
to	O
surgery	O
,	O
patients	O
received	O
a	O
125	O
-	O
mg	O
bolus	O
injection	O
of	O
methylprednisolone	B-CHED
and	O
continuous	O
intravenous	O
infusion	O
of	O
sivelestat	O
sodium	B-CHED
hydrate	I-CHED
(	O
sivelestat	O
)	O
for	O
2	O
days	O
.	O

In	O
this	O
work	O
,	O
we	O
aimed	O
to	O
target	O
the	O
liver	B-ANAT
macrophages	B-ANAT
with	O
lipid	B-CHED
polymer	B-CHED
hybrid	O
nanoparticles	B-CHED
(	O
LPH	O
),	O
combining	O
the	O
merit	O
of	O
polymeric	O
nanoparticles	B-CHED
and	O
lipid	B-CHED
vesicles	B-COMP
.	O

Here	O
,	O
we	O
show	O
that	O
remdesivir	O
(	O
RDV	B-SPEC
)	O
and	O
IFNb	B-PRGE
have	O
superior	O
antiviral	B-CHED
activity	O
to	O
LPV	O
and	O
RTV	O
in	O
vitro	O
.	O

Of	O
34	O
children	O
with	O
PARDS	O
managed	O
with	O
HFOV	O
after	O
failure	O
of	O
conventional	O
ventilation	O
to	O
improve	O
oxygenation	B-PROC
,	O
8	O
survived	O
.	O

Although	O
BCoV	O
(	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
032	O
)	O
and	O
BoRVA	O
(	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
007	O
)	O
were	O
significantly	O
associated	O
with	O
diarrhea	B-DISO
in	O
pre	O
-	O
weaned	B-PROC
calves	O
,	O
BNoV	O
and	O
BToV	O
showed	O
no	O
association	O
.	O

P	O
[	O
5	O
]-	O
VIII	B-PRGE
lineage	O
was	O
dominant	O
in	O
pre	O
-	O
weaned	B-PROC
Korean	O
native	O
calves	O
.	O

Although	O
neurological	O
manifestations	O
are	O
rare	O
in	O
leptospirosis	B-DISO
,	O
aseptic	B-DISO
meningitis	I-DISO
,	O
myeloradiculopathy	B-DISO
,	O
transverse	B-DISO
myelitis	I-DISO
,	O
and	O
cerebellar	B-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
are	O
well	O
recognised	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Durability	O
and	O
clinical	O
experience	O
using	O
a	O
bovine	B-SPEC
pericardial	B-ANAT
prosthetic	O
aortic	B-ANAT
valve	I-ANAT
.	O

At	O
hospital	O
discharge	B-ANAT
,	O
68	O
patients	O
(	O
5	O
.	O
5	O
%)	O
had	O
moderate	O
PPM	O
,	O
and	O
no	O
patients	O
had	O
severe	O
PPM	O
.	O

Patients	O
'	O
blood	B-ANAT
samples	I-ANAT
were	O
extracted	O
.	O

Lnc	O
-	O
MALAT1	B-PRGE
expression	B-PROC
was	O
positively	O
correlated	O
with	O
APACHE	O
II	O
score	O
,	O
SOFA	O
score	O
,	O
and	O
inflammatory	O
factors	O
levels	O
including	O
C	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
reactive	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
,	O
procalcitonin	O
,	O
TNF	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
α	I-PRGE
,	O
IL	O
-	O
1β	O
,	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
6	I-FUNC
and	O
IL	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
17	I-PROC
.	O

The	O
neonatal	O
Fc	O
receptor	O
(	O
FcRn	B-PRGE
)	O
and	O
polymeric	O
immunoglobulin	B-PROC
receptor	O
(	O
pIgR	B-PRGE
)	O
are	O
crucial	B-PRGE
immunoglobulin	I-PRGE
(	O
Ig	O
)	O
receptors	O
for	O
the	O
transcytosis	B-PROC
ofimmunoglobulin	O
G	O
(	O
IgG	B-PRGE
),	O
IgA	B-PRGE
,	O
or	O
IgM	B-PRGE
.	O
Importantly	O
,	O
CHN	B-DISO
-	O
JS	O
-	O
2017	O
infected	O
five	O
-	O
day	O
-	O
old	O
piglets	O
could	O
significantly	O
down	O
-	O
regulate	O
the	O
expression	B-PROC
of	O
FcRn	B-PRGE
,	O
pIgR	B-PRGE
,	O
and	O
nuclear	B-PRGE
factor	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
kappa	I-PRGE
B	I-PRGE
(	O
NF	O
-	O
κB	O
)	O
in	O
the	O
intestinal	B-ANAT
mucosa	I-ANAT
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Lipopolysaccharides	B-CHED
increase	O
Kir2	B-PRGE
.	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
expression	B-PROC
in	O
lung	B-ANAT
endothelial	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Kir2	B-PRGE
.	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
is	O
an	O
inwardly	O
rectifying	O
K	O

Because	O
of	O
the	O
limited	O
proofreading	O
capability	O
in	O
the	O
viral	B-PRGE
encoded	I-PRGE
polymerase	I-PRGE
,	O
they	O
emerge	O
genetically	O
diverse	O
.	O

The	O
results	O
revealed	O
that	O
RVA	O
was	O
the	O
primary	O
agent	O
among	O
the	O
positive	O
samples	O
obtained	O
from	O
calves	O
aged	O
three	O
weeks	O
or	O
less	O
,	O
while	O
BEV	B-SPEC
was	O
the	O
primary	O
among	O
those	O
from	O
the	O
older	O
than	O
three	O
weeks	O
old	O
.	O

They	O
can	O
be	O
employed	O
as	O
useful	O
viral	O
pathogen	O
indicators	O
for	O
soundly	O
evaluating	O
biosecurity	O
at	O
bovine	B-SPEC
farms	O
.	O

hDPP4	O
transgenic	B-SPEC
mice	I-SPEC
were	O
successfully	O
infected	O
with	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
aerosols	O
via	O
an	O
animal	B-SPEC
nose	B-ANAT
-	O
only	O
exposure	O
device	O
,	O
and	O
aerosol	O
-	O
and	O
instillation	O
-	O
infected	O
mice	B-SPEC
simulated	O
the	O
clinical	O
symptoms	O
of	O
moderate	O
diffuse	O
interstitial	B-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
.	O

There	O
is	O
currently	O
an	O
outbreak	O
of	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
of	O
unknown	O
aetiology	O
in	O
Wuhan	O
,	O
China	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
is	O
a	O
relatively	O
recent	O
human	B-SPEC
disease	O
reported	O
initially	O
in	O
Saudi	O
Arabia	O
in	O
September	O
,	O
2012	O
.	O

Therefore	O
,	O
we	O
recommend	O
the	O
adoption	O
of	O
this	O
newly	O
established	O
model	O
of	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
to	O
short	O
-	O
list	O
corona	B-CHED
suspected	O
cases	O
in	O
Saudi	O
Arabia	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Respiratory	B-ANAT
tract	I-ANAT
viral	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
caused	O
by	O
viruses	B-SPEC
or	O
bacteria	B-SPEC
is	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
most	O
common	O
diseases	O
in	O
human	B-SPEC
worldwide	O
,	O
while	O
those	O
caused	O
by	O
emerging	O
viruses	B-SPEC
,	O
such	O
as	O
the	O
novel	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
,	O
2019	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
nCoV	I-SPEC
that	O
caused	O
the	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
outbreak	O
in	O
Wuhan	O
,	O
China	O
most	O
recently	O
,	O
have	O
posed	O
great	O
threats	O
to	O
global	O
public	O
health	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Characterization	O
of	O
novel	O
monoclonal	O
antibodies	B-COMP
against	O
MERS	O
-	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
spike	O
protein	B-CHED
.	O

Additionally	O
,	O
one	O
mAb	O
RBD	O
-	O
14F8	O
did	O
not	O
show	O
neutralizing	O
activity	O
against	O
pseudoviruses	O
with	O
amino	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
substitution	O
of	O
L506	O
F	O
or	O
D509	O
G	O
(	O
England1	O
strain	O
,	O
EMC	O
/	O
2012	O
L506	O
F	O
,	O
and	O
EMC	B-COMP
/	O
2012	O
D509	O
G	O
),	O
and	O
RBD	O
-	O
43E4	O
mAb	O
could	O
not	O
neutralize	O
the	O
pseudotyped	O
I529	O
T	O
mutation	O
,	O
while	O
three	O
other	O
neutralizing	O
mAbs	O
showed	O
broad	O
neutralizing	O
activity	O
.	O

Three	O
intramuscular	O
or	O
oral	B-ANAT
vaccinations	O
with	O
rAd	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
LTB	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
COE	I-PRGE
at	O
two	O
-	O
week	O
intervals	O
induced	O
robust	O
humoral	O
and	O
mucosal	B-PROC
immune	I-PROC
responses	I-PROC
.	O

Fifteen	O
respiratory	O
viruses	B-SPEC
were	O
included	O
in	O
our	O
investigation	O
:	O
respiratory	B-SPEC
syncytial	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
A	O
/	O
B	O
(	O
RSV	B-SPEC
),	O
influenza	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
A	O
(	O
FluA	O
)	O
and	O
influenza	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
B	O
(	O
FluB	O
),	O
human	B-SPEC
metapneumovirus	I-SPEC
(	O
MPV	B-SPEC
),	O
enterovirus	B-SPEC
(	O
EV	O
),	O
human	B-SPEC
parainfluenza	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
PIV	O
)	O
types	O
1	O
-	O
4	O
,	O
human	B-SPEC
rhinovirus	I-SPEC
(	O
RV	O
),	O
human	B-PRGE
coronavirus	I-PRGE
OC43	I-PRGE
,	O
NL63	O
,	O
and	O
229E	O
,	O
human	B-SPEC
adenovirus	B-SPEC
(	O
ADV	O
),	O
and	O
human	B-SPEC
bocavirus	I-SPEC
(	O
Boca	B-DISO
).	O

Respiratory	O
viruses	B-SPEC
were	O
detected	O
more	O
frequently	O
by	O
PCR	O
(	O
357	O
,	O
75	O
.	O
3	O
%)	O
than	O
they	O
were	O
by	O
traditional	O
tests	O
(	O
229	O
,	O
49	O
.	O
3	O
%).	O

In	O
contrast	O
,	O
ARDS	B-DISO
was	O
found	O
more	O
frequently	O
in	O
the	O
DCO	B-DISO
-	O
ST	O
group	O
(	O
81	O
%	O
versus	O
54	O
%;	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
035	O
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Pathogen	O
-	O
specific	O
risk	O
factors	O
in	O
acute	O
outbreaks	O
of	O
respiratory	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
in	O
calves	O
.	O

Bovine	B-SPEC
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
BCV	B-SPEC
)	O
was	O
the	O
most	O
frequently	O
isolated	O
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
38	O
.	O
4	O
%),	O
followed	O
by	O
bovine	B-SPEC
respiratory	I-SPEC
syncytial	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
bRSV	B-SPEC
;	O
29	O
.	O
4	O
%)	O
and	O
parainfluenzavirus	O
type	O
3	O
(	O
PI	O
-	O
3	O
;	O
8	O
.	O
1	O
%).	O

This	O
study	O
identified	O
pathogen	O
-	O
specific	O
risk	O
factors	O
that	O
might	O
be	O
useful	O
for	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
customized	O
control	O
and	O
prevention	O
and	O
for	O
the	O
design	O
of	O
decision	O
support	O
tools	O
to	O
justify	O
antimicrobial	B-CHED
use	O
by	O
predicting	O
the	O
most	O
likely	O
pathogen	O
before	O
sampling	O
results	O
are	O
available	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Synthesis	B-PROC
and	O
SARs	B-DISO
of	O
dopamine	B-CHED
derivatives	O
as	O
potential	O
inhibitors	B-CHED
of	O
influenza	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
PA	O
ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Currently	O
,	O
influenza	O
PA	O

This	O
disease	O
should	O
be	O
considered	O
a	O
differential	O
diagnosis	O
in	O
felids	B-SPEC
,	O
including	O
exotic	O
cats	B-SPEC
,	O
with	O
signs	O
of	O
neuromuscular	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
of	O
unknown	O
etiopathogenesis	O
.	O

In	O
patients	O
with	O
moderate	O
-	O
to	O
-	O
severe	O
ARDS	B-DISO
,	O
the	O
administration	O
of	O
NMBAs	O
could	O
reduce	O
21	O
to	O
28	O
-	O
day	O
mortality	O
and	O
barotrauma	O
,	O
and	O
improve	O
oxygenation	B-PROC
at	O
48	O
hours	O
,	O
but	O
have	O
no	O
significant	O
effects	O
on	O
90	O
-	O
day	O
/	O
ICU	O
mortality	O
,	O
days	O
free	O
of	O
ventilation	O
at	O
day	O
28	O
and	O
the	O
risk	O
of	O
ICU	O
-	O
acquired	O
weakness	B-DISO
.	O

Registration	O
:	O
PROSPERO	B-SPEC
(	O
ID	O
:	O
CRD	B-DISO
42019139656	O
).	O

The	O
MERS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
spike	I-PRGE
(	I-PRGE
S	I-PRGE
)	I-PRGE
glycoprotein	I-PRGE
mediates	O
viral	O
entry	O
into	O
target	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Association	O
between	O
electromyographical	O
findings	O
and	O
intensive	O
care	O
unit	O
mortality	O
among	O
mechanically	O
ventilated	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
patients	O
under	O
profound	O
sedation	B-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Yellow	O
fever	O
(	O
YF	O
)	O
and	O
leptospirosis	B-DISO
are	O
under	O
-	O
diagnosed	O
endemic	O
zoonoses	B-DISO
of	O
the	O
tropical	O
regions	O
of	O
Africa	O
and	O
South	O
America	O
.	O

Results	O
obtained	O
from	O
our	O
analyses	O
suggest	O
that	O
the	O
2019	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
nCoV	I-SPEC
may	O
appear	O
to	O
be	O
a	O
recombinant	O
virus	B-SPEC
between	O
the	O
bat	B-ENZY
coronavirus	B-SPEC
and	O
an	O
origin	O
-	O
unknown	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
.	O

However	O
,	O
a	O
recent	O
study	O
revealed	O
that	O
direct	O
inoculation	O
of	O
Bactrian	B-SPEC
camels	I-SPEC
intranasally	O
with	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
can	O
lead	O
to	O
infection	B-DISO
with	O
abundant	O
virus	B-DISO
shedding	I-DISO
and	O
seroconversion	O
.	O

A	O
previously	O
unknown	O
betacoronavirus	B-SPEC
was	O
discovered	O
through	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
unbiased	O
sequencing	O
in	O
samples	O
from	O
patients	O
with	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
.	O

Different	O
from	O
both	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
and	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
,	O
2019	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
nCoV	I-SPEC
is	O
the	O
seventh	O
member	O
of	O
the	O
family	B-SPEC
of	O
coronaviruses	O
that	O
infect	O
humans	B-SPEC
.	O

This	O
is	O
the	O
first	O
study	O
demonstrating	O
that	O
miRNAs	O
regulate	O
IBV	O
replication	O
by	O
regulating	O
the	O
deubiquitinating	B-PROC
enzyme	I-PROC
(	O
DUBs	O
).	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
evaluate	O
the	O
usefulness	O
of	O
intestinal	B-ANAT
biomarkers	O
in	O
determining	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
intestinal	B-ANAT
epithelial	O
damage	O
in	O
neonatal	O
calves	O
with	O
diarrhea	B-DISO
caused	O
by	O
4	O
etiologic	O
agents	O
.	O

40	O
neonatal	O
calves	O
that	O
were	O
healthy	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
10	O
)	O
or	O
had	O
diarrhea	B-DISO
(	O
30	O
).	O

Results	O
indicated	O
that	O
degree	O
of	O
intestinal	B-ANAT
epithelial	O
damage	O
differed	O
among	O
calves	O
grouped	O
by	O
the	O
etiologic	O
agent	O
of	O
diarrhea	B-DISO
and	O
that	O
such	O
damage	O
might	O
have	O
been	O
more	O
severe	O
in	O
calves	O
with	O
diarrhea	B-DISO
caused	O
by	O
K99	O
RESULTS	O
:	O
Across	O
the	O
3	O
time	O
points	O
at	O
which	O
blood	B-ANAT
samples	I-ANAT
were	O
obtained	O
and	O
evaluated	O
,	O
the	O
groups	O
of	O
calves	O
with	O
diarrhea	B-DISO
generally	O
had	O
markedly	O
higher	O
mean	O
serum	B-COMP
concentrations	O
of	O
L	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
FABP	I-PRGE
,	O
TFF	O
-	O
3	O
,	O
IAP	B-PRGE
,	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
8	I-FUNC
,	O
and	O
LP	O
,	O
compared	O
with	O
the	O
control	O
group	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Increased	O
mobilization	O
of	O
mesenchymal	B-ANAT
stem	I-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
in	O
patients	O
with	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
undergoing	O
extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenation	B-PROC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
is	O
characterized	O
by	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
epithelial	O
and	O
endothelial	B-ANAT
barrier	O
dysfunction	O
and	O
injury	O
.	O

In	O
severe	O
forms	O
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
,	O
extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenation	B-PROC
(	O
ECMO	O
)	O
is	O
often	O
the	O
last	O
option	O
for	O
life	O
support	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
we	O
still	O
lack	O
sufficient	O
knowledge	O
about	O
how	O
ECMO	O
might	O
affect	O
EPC	O
-	O
and	O
MSC	O
-	O
mediated	O
regenerative	O
pathways	B-PROC
in	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

Therefore	O
,	O
we	O
investigated	O
if	O
ECMO	O
impacts	O
EPC	O
and	O
MSC	O
numbers	O
in	O
ARDS	B-DISO
patients	O
.	O

The	O
number	O
and	O
presence	O
of	O
circulating	O
EPC	B-PRGE
and	O
MSC	B-PRGE
was	O
detected	O
by	O
flow	O
cytometry	O
.	O

ECMO	O
support	O
in	O
ARDS	B-DISO
is	O
specifically	O
associated	O
with	O
an	O
increased	O
number	O
of	O
circulating	O
MSC	B-PRGE
,	O
most	O
likely	O
due	O
to	O
enhanced	O
mobilization	O
,	O
but	O
not	O
with	O
a	O
higher	O
numbers	O
of	O
EPC	O
or	O
serum	B-COMP
concentrations	O
of	O
VEGF	B-PRGE
and	O
Ang2	B-PRGE
.	O

We	O
defined	O
persistent	O
severe	O
ARDS	B-DISO
as	O
a	O
partial	O
pressure	O
of	O
arterial	B-ANAT
oxygen	B-CHED
to	O
fraction	O
of	O
inspired	B-PROC
oxygen	B-CHED
ratio	O
(	O
PaO2	O
:	O
FiO2	O
)	O
of	O
equal	O
to	O
or	O
less	O
than	O
100	O
mmHg	O
on	O
the	O
second	O
study	O
day	O
following	O
enrollment	O
.	O

Usage	O
of	O
vasopressors	O
was	O
greater	O
[	O
144	O
/	O
232	O
(	O
62	O
%)	O
versus	O
623	O
/	O
1299	O
(	O
48	O
%);	O
p	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
001	O
]	O
and	O
baseline	O
severity	O
of	O
illness	O
was	O
higher	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
versus	O
without	O
persistent	O
severe	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

Mortality	O
at	O
60	O
days	O
[	O
95	O
/	O
232	O
(	O
41	O
%)	O
versus	O
233	O
/	O
1299	O
(	O
18	O
%);	O
p	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
001	O
]	O
was	O
higher	O
,	O
and	O
ventilator	O
-	O
free	O
(	O
p	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
001	O
),	O
intensive	O
care	O
unit	O
-	O
free	O
[	O
0	O
(	O
0	O
-	O
14	O
)	O
versus	O
19	O
(	O
7	O
-	O
23	O
);	O
p	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
001	O
]	O
and	O
non	O
-	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
organ	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
-	O
free	O
[	O
3	O
(	O
0	O
-	O
21	O
)	O
versus	O
20	O
(	O
1	O
-	O
26	O
);	O
p	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
001	O
]	O
days	O
were	O
fewer	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
versus	O
without	O
persistent	O
severe	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Of	O
the	O
1531	O
individuals	O
with	O
ARDS	B-DISO
alive	O
on	O
the	O
second	O
study	O
day	O
after	O
enrollment	O
,	O
232	O
(	O
15	O
%)	O
had	O
persistent	O
severe	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

26	O
(	O
63	O
%)	O
of	O
41	O
patients	O
had	O
lymphopenia	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
A	O
rare	O
case	O
of	O
Reye	B-DISO
'	I-DISO
s	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
induced	O
by	O
influenza	B-SPEC
A	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
with	O
use	O
of	O
ibuprofen	B-CHED
in	O
an	O
adult	O
.	O

She	O
had	O
taken	O
ibuprofen	B-CHED
for	O
headache	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
laboratory	O
findings	O
revealed	O
acute	B-DISO
liver	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
with	O
prothrombin	B-PRGE
time	O
-	O
international	O
normalized	O
ratio	O
of	O
3	O
.	O
16	O
,	O
aspartate	O
aminotransferase	O
12	O
,	O
548	O
IU	O
/	O
L	O
,	O
alanine	B-PRGE
aminotransferase	I-PRGE
5	O
,	O
725	O
IU	O
/	O
L	O
,	O
and	O
blood	B-ANAT
ammonia	B-CHED
102	O
μg	O
/	O
dL	O
.	O
Head	B-ANAT
magnetic	O
resonance	O
imaging	O
showed	O
hyperintense	O
signals	O
on	O
diffusion	O
-	O
weighed	O
images	O
of	O
globus	B-ANAT
pallidus	I-ANAT
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
The	O
workflow	O
reliably	O
detects	O
2019	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
nCoV	I-SPEC
,	O
and	O
further	O
discriminates	O
2019	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
nCoV	I-SPEC
from	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
.	O
Through	O
coordination	B-PROC
between	O
academic	O
and	O
public	O
laboratories	O
,	O
we	O
confirmed	O
assay	O
exclusivity	O
based	O
on	O
297	O
original	O
clinical	O
specimens	O
containing	O
a	O
full	O
spectrum	O
of	O
human	B-SPEC
respiratory	O
viruses	B-SPEC
.	O

The	O
DRC	O
Ministry	O
of	O
Health	O
(	O
MoH	O
),	O
supported	O
by	O
the	O
World	O
Health	O
Organization	O
(	O
WHO	O
)	O
and	O
a	O
range	O
of	O
regional	O
and	O
international	O
partners	O
,	O
are	O
implementing	O
EVD	O
response	O
plans	O
in	O
these	O
affected	O
areas	O
such	O
as	O
screening	O
of	O
suspect	O
cases	O
at	O
points	O
of	O
entry	O
,	O
case	O
detection	O
,	O
contact	O
tracing	O
,	O
laboratory	O
testing	O
,	O
case	O
management	O
and	O
infection	B-DISO
prevention	O
and	O
control	O
,	O
safe	O
and	O
dignified	O
burials	O
,	O
ring	O
vaccination	O
(	O
this	O
involves	O
vaccination	O
of	O
infected	O
individuals	O
,	O
direct	O
contacts	O
of	O
infected	O
individuals	O
and	O
contacts	O
of	O
their	O
contacts	O
),	O
and	O
therapeutics	O
,	O
community	O
mobilization	O
and	O
free	O
access	O
to	O
healthcare	O
services	O
.	O

In	O
this	O
article	O
,	O
we	O
provide	O
a	O
preliminary	O
evolutionary	O
and	O
molecular	O
epidemiological	O
analysis	O
of	O
this	O
new	O
virus	B-SPEC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Updated	O
understanding	O
of	O
the	O
outbreak	O
of	O
2019	B-SPEC
novel	I-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
(	O
2019	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
nCoV	I-SPEC
)	O
in	O
Wuhan	O
,	O
China	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
help	O
health	O
workers	O
and	O
the	O
public	O
recognize	O
and	O
deal	O
with	O
the	O
2019	O
novel	O
coronavirus	O
(	O
2019	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
nCoV	I-SPEC
)	O
quickly	O
,	O
effectively	O
,	O
and	O
calmly	O
with	O
an	O
updated	O
understanding	O
.	O

In	O
the	O
early	O
period	O
of	O
exponential	O
growth	B-PROC
,	O
we	O
estimated	O
the	O
epidemic	O
doubling	O
time	O
and	O
the	O
basic	O
reproductive	B-PROC
number	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Human	B-PRGE
coronavirus	I-PRGE
NL63	I-PRGE
(	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
NL63	I-SPEC
)	O
is	O
primarily	O
associated	O
with	O
common	B-DISO
cold	I-DISO
in	O
children	O
,	O
elderly	O
and	O
immunocompromised	O
individuals	O
.	O

Whole	O
genomes	O
of	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
NL63	I-SPEC
were	O
obtained	O
using	O
next	O
-	O
generation	O
sequencing	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Discovery	O
of	O
Bat	B-ENZY
Coronaviruses	O
through	O
Surveillance	O
and	O
Probe	O
Capture	O
-	O
Based	O
Next	O
-	O
Generation	O
Sequencing	O
.	O

Severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)-	O
CoV	O
and	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
(	O
MERS	O
)-	O
CoV	O
both	O
originated	O
from	O
bats	B-SPEC
,	O
and	O
it	O
is	O
highly	O
likely	O
that	O
bat	B-ENZY
coronaviruses	O
will	O
cause	O
future	O
outbreaks	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Recently	O
,	O
a	O
novel	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
(	O
2019	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
nCoV	I-SPEC
)	O
has	O
emerged	O
from	O
Wuhan	O
,	O
China	O
,	O
causing	O
symptoms	O
in	O
humans	B-SPEC
similar	O
to	O
those	O
caused	O
by	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
).	O

Second	O
,	O
several	O
critical	O
residues	O
in	O
2019	O
-	O
nCoV	O
RBM	O
(	O
particularly	O
Gln493	O
)	O
provide	O
favorable	O
interactions	O
with	O
human	B-SPEC
ACE2	O
,	O
consistent	O
with	O
2019	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
nCoV	I-SPEC
'	O
s	O
capacity	O
for	O
human	B-SPEC
cell	B-COMP
infection	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Potential	O
of	O
large	O
""""	O
first	O
generation	O
""""	O
human	B-SPEC
-	O
to	O
-	O
human	B-SPEC
transmission	O
of	O
2019	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
nCoV	I-SPEC
.	O
ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
investigate	O
the	O
genetic	O
diversity	O
,	O
time	O
origin	O
,	O
and	O
evolutionary	O
history	O
of	O
the	O
2019	O
-	O
nCoV	O
outbreak	O
in	O
China	O
and	O
Thailand	O
,	O
a	O
total	O
of	O
12	O
genome	O
sequences	O
of	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
with	O
known	O
sampling	O
date	O
(	O
24	O
December	O
2019	O
and	O
13	O
January	O
2020	O
)	O
and	O
geographic	O
location	O
(	O
primarily	O
Wuhan	O
city	O
,	O
Hubei	O
Province	O
,	O
China	O
,	O
but	O
also	O
Bangkok	O
,	O
Thailand	O
)	O
were	O
analyzed	O
.	O

There	O
is	O
a	O
paucity	O
of	O
studies	O
on	O
the	O
progression	O
and	O
outcome	O
of	O
Systemic	O
Inflammatory	O
Response	O
Syndrome	O
(	O
SIRS	B-DISO
)	O
with	O
its	O
determinants	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Atypical	O
presentation	O
of	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
in	O
a	O
Lebanese	O
patient	O
returning	O
from	O
Saudi	O
Arabia	O
.	O

In	O
the	O
last	O
decade	O
,	O
there	O
is	O
a	O
growing	O
body	B-ANAT
of	O
evidence	O
that	O
veno	O
-	O
venous	B-ANAT
ECMO	O
(	O
VV	O
-	O
ECMO	O
)	O
is	O
lifesaving	O
in	O
multiple	O
trauma	O
patients	O
with	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
,	O
thanks	O
to	O
technical	O
improvements	O
in	O
ECMO	O
devices	O
.	O

The	O
main	O
causes	O
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
were	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
due	O
to	O
influenza	B-DISO
(	O
9	O
cases	O
,	O
45	O
%)	O
and	O
other	O
viruses	B-SPEC
(	O
2	O
cases	O
,	O
10	O
%).	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Between	O
January	O
2018	O
and	O
April	O
2019	O
,	O
20	O
ARDS	B-DISO
patients	O
were	O
enrolled	O
.	O

The	O
stress	O
level	O
(	O
as	O
reported	O
on	O
1	O
-	O
10	O
scale	O
)	O
shows	O
significant	O
correlation	O
with	O
Generalized	B-DISO
Anxiety	I-DISO
Disorder	I-DISO
(	O
GAD	B-DISO
-	O
7	O
)	O
score	O
.	O

We	O
collected	O
clinical	O
data	O
and	O
bronchoalveolar	O
lavage	O
(	O
BAL	B-ENZY
)	O
specimens	O
from	O
five	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
from	O
Jin	O
Yin	O
-	O
tan	O
Hospital	O
of	O
Wuhan	O
,	O
Hubei	O
province	O
,	O
China	O
.	O

Five	O
patients	O
hospitalized	O
from	O
December	O
18	O
to	O
December	O
29	O
,	O
2019	O
presented	O
with	O
fever	B-PROC
,	O
cough	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
dyspnea	B-DISO
accompanied	O
by	O
complications	O
of	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
An	O
outbreak	O
of	O
novel	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
(	O
2019	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
nCoV	I-SPEC
)	O
that	O
began	O
in	O
Wuhan	O
,	O
China	O
,	O
has	O
spread	O
rapidly	O
,	O
with	O
cases	O
now	O
confirmed	O
in	O
multiple	O
countries	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
emerged	O
in	O
Saudi	O
Arabia	O
in	O
2012	O
and	O
caused	O
an	O
epidemic	O
in	O
the	O
Middle	O
East	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Four	O
hundred	O
and	O
twenty	O
-	O
six	O
(	O
426	O
)	O
samples	O
from	O
264	O
patients	O
were	O
tested	O
for	O
MERS	O
Co	O
-	O
V	O
and	O
respiratory	O
viruses	B-SPEC
.	O

Specifically	O
,	O
in	O
the	O
5	O
'-	O
part	O
spanning	O
the	O
first	O
11	O
,	O
498	O
nucleotides	B-CHED
and	O
the	O
last	O
3	O
'-	O
part	O
spanning	O
24	O
,	O
341	O
-	O
30	O
,	O
696	O
positions	O
,	O
2019	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
nCoV	I-SPEC
and	O
RaTG13	O
formed	O
a	O
single	O
cluster	O
with	O
Bat_SARS	O
-	O
like	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
sequences	O
,	O
whereas	O
in	O
the	O
middle	O
region	O
spanning	O
the	O
3	O
'-	O
end	O
of	O
ORF1a	O
,	O
the	O
ORF1b	O
and	O
almost	O
half	O
of	O
the	O
spike	O
regions	O
,	O
2019	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
nCoV	I-SPEC
and	O
RaTG13	O
grouped	O
in	O
a	O
separate	O
distant	O
lineage	O
within	O
the	O
sarbecovirus	O
branch	B-ANAT
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
is	O
a	O
newly	O
recognized	O
zoonotic	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
.	O

Patients	O
randomised	O
to	O
the	O
intervention	O
will	O
have	O
PEEP	B-CHED
selected	O
based	O
on	O
a	O
minimal	O
elastance	O
using	O
a	O
model	O
-	O
based	O
computerised	O
method	O
.	O

The	O
primary	O
outcome	O
is	O
the	O
area	O
under	O
the	O
curve	O
(	O
AUC	O
)	O
ratio	O
of	O
arterial	B-ANAT
blood	I-ANAT
oxygenation	B-PROC
to	O
the	O
fraction	O
of	O
inspired	B-PROC
oxygen	B-CHED
over	O
time	O
.	O

CURE	O
aims	O
to	O
demonstrate	O
the	O
hypothesized	O
benefit	O
of	O
patient	O
-	O
specific	O
PEEP	B-CHED
and	O
attest	O
to	O
the	O
significance	O
of	O
real	O
-	O
time	O
monitoring	O
and	O
decision	O
-	O
support	O
for	O
MV	O
in	O
the	O
critical	O
care	O
environment	O
.	O

17	O
(	O
17	O
%)	O
patients	O
developed	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
and	O
,	O
among	O
them	O
,	O
11	O
(	O
11	O
%)	O
patients	O
worsened	O
in	O
a	O
short	O
period	O
of	O
time	O
and	O
died	B-PROC
of	O
multiple	B-DISO
organ	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
.	O

The	O
ten	O
genome	O
sequences	O
of	O
2019	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
nCoV	I-SPEC
obtained	O
from	O
the	O
nine	O
patients	O
were	O
extremely	O
similar	O
,	O
exhibiting	O
more	O
than	O
99	O
·	O
98	O
%	O
sequence	O
identity	O
.	O

Phylogenetic	O
analysis	O
revealed	O
that	O
2019	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
nCoV	I-SPEC
fell	O
within	O
the	O
subgenus	B-SPEC
Sarbecovirus	O
of	O
the	O
genus	B-SPEC
Betacoronavirus	B-SPEC
,	O
with	O
a	O
relatively	O
long	O
branch	B-ANAT
length	O
to	O
its	O
closest	O
relatives	O
bat	B-ENZY
-	O
SL	O
-	O
CoVZC45	O
and	O
bat	B-ENZY
-	O
SL	O
-	O
CoVZXC21	O
,	O
and	O
was	O
genetically	O
distinct	O
from	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
.	O
Notably	O
,	O
homology	O
modelling	O
revealed	O
that	O
2019	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
nCoV	I-SPEC
had	O
a	O
similar	O
receptor	O
-	O
binding	B-FUNC
domain	O
structure	O
to	O
that	O
of	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
,	O
despite	O
amino	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
variation	O
at	O
some	O
key	O
residues	O
.	O

The	O
future	O
evolution	B-PROC
,	O
adaptation	B-PROC
,	O
and	O
spread	O
of	O
this	O
virus	B-SPEC
warrant	O
urgent	O
investigation	O
.	O

We	O
present	O
estimates	O
of	O
the	O
basic	O
reproduction	B-PROC
number	O
,	O
R	O
Accounting	O
for	O
the	O
impact	O
of	O
the	O
variations	O
in	O
disease	O
reporting	O
rate	O
,	O
we	O
modelled	O
the	O
epidemic	O
curve	O
of	O
2019	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
nCoV	I-SPEC
cases	O
time	O
series	O
,	O
in	O
mainland	O
China	O
from	O
January	O
10	O
to	O
January	O
24	O
,	O
2020	O
,	O
through	O
the	O
exponential	O
growth	B-PROC
.	O

With	O
the	O
estimated	O
intrinsic	O
growth	B-PROC
rate	O
(	O
γ	O
),	O
we	O
estimated	O
R	O
The	O
early	O
outbreak	O
data	O
largely	O
follows	O
the	O
exponential	O
growth	B-PROC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Reduced	O
cortical	B-ANAT
arousability	O
to	O
nocturnal	O
apneic	B-DISO
episodes	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
wake	B-PROC
-	O
up	O
ischemic	B-DISO
stroke	I-DISO
.	O

Respiratory	O
arousals	O
have	O
an	O
important	O
role	O
in	O
responding	O
to	O
danger	O
during	O
sleep	B-PROC
,	O
yet	O
currently	O
no	O
studies	O
have	O
investigated	O
respiratory	O
arousability	O
in	O
WUS	O
.	O

We	O
enrolled	O
119	O
patients	O
with	O
acute	O
ischemic	B-DISO
stroke	I-DISO
and	O
assigned	O
them	O
into	O
WUS	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
34	O
)	O
and	O
non	O
-	O
WUS	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
85	O
)	O
groups	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
History	O
is	O
repeating	O
itself	O
:	O
Probable	O
zoonotic	O
spillover	O
as	O
the	O
cause	O
of	O
the	O
2019	B-SPEC
novel	I-SPEC
Coronavirus	I-SPEC
Epidemic	O
ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Pathogen	B-DISO
transmission	I-DISO
from	O
a	O
vertebrate	B-SPEC
animal	B-SPEC
to	O
a	O
human	B-SPEC
,	O
also	O
known	O
as	O
zoonotic	O
spillover	O
,	O
represents	O
a	O
global	O
public	O
health	O
burden	O
,	O
which	O
while	O
associated	O
with	O
multiple	O
outbreaks	O
,	O
still	O
remains	O
a	O
poorly	O
understood	O
phenomenon	O
.	O

Coronaviruses	O
,	O
like	O
influenza	B-SPEC
viruses	I-SPEC
,	O
circulate	O
in	O
nature	O
in	O
various	O
animal	B-SPEC
species	B-SPEC
.	O

An	O
IB	O
-	O
like	O
avian	O
coronavirus	O
was	O
isolated	O
from	O
healthy	O
Eclectus	B-SPEC
parrots	B-SPEC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Bats	O
host	B-COMP
virulent	O
zoonotic	O
viruses	B-SPEC
without	O
experiencing	O
disease	O
.	O

We	O
carried	O
out	O
virus	B-SPEC
infectivity	O
assays	O
on	O
bat	B-ENZY
cell	B-ANAT
lines	I-ANAT
expressing	O
induced	O
and	O
constitutive	O
immune	O
phenotypes	O
,	O
then	O
developed	O
a	O
theoretical	O
model	O
of	O
our	O
Bats	B-SPEC
can	O
carry	O
viruses	B-SPEC
that	O
are	O
deadly	O
to	O
other	O
mammals	B-SPEC
without	O
themselves	O
showing	O
serious	O
symptoms	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Epstein	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
Barr	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
-	O
associated	O
hemophagocytic	B-DISO
lymphohistiocytosis	I-DISO
in	O
a	O
small	O
child	O
:	O
A	O
case	O
report	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Hemophagocytic	O
lymphohistiocytosis	O
(	O
HLH	B-DISO
)	O
is	O
a	O
rare	O
,	O
potentially	O
lethal	O
disorder	O
,	O
characterized	O
by	O
a	O
dysregulation	O
of	O
the	O
immune	B-PROC
response	I-PROC
,	O
leading	O
to	O
a	O
severe	O
inflammatory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
.	O

Initial	O
laboratory	O
tests	O
revealed	O
pancytopenia	B-DISO
.	O

Plasma	B-PRGE
hemoglobin	B-CHED
,	O
serum	B-COMP
calcium	B-CHED
,	O
and	O
serum	B-COMP
albumin	B-PRGE
levels	O
and	O
single	O
-	O
pool	O
Kt	O
/	O
V	O
decreased	O
during	O
the	O
isolation	O
period	O
but	O
normalized	O
thereafter	O
.	O

Patients	O
who	O
were	O
subjected	O
to	O
self	O
-	O
imposed	O
quarantine	O
had	O
higher	O
systolic	O
and	O
diastolic	O
blood	B-PROC
pressure	I-PROC
,	O
lower	O
total	O
cholesterol	B-CHED
level	O
,	O
and	O
lower	O
Kt	O
/	O
V	O
than	O
those	O
who	O
underwent	O
single	O
-	O
room	O
or	O
cohort	O
isolation	O
.	O

Human	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
infections	O
can	O
induce	O
not	O
only	O
mild	O
to	O
severe	O
respiratory	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
,	O
but	O
also	O
inflammation	B-DISO
,	O
high	O
fever	B-PROC
,	O
cough	B-DISO
,	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
tract	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
and	O
dysfunction	O
of	O
internal	O
organs	B-ANAT
that	O
may	O
lead	O
to	O
death	B-PROC
.	O

In	O
our	O
baseline	O
scenario	O
,	O
we	O
estimated	O
that	O
the	O
basic	O
reproductive	B-PROC
number	O
for	O
2019	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
nCoV	I-SPEC
was	O
2	O
·	O
68	O
(	O
95	O
%	O
CrI	O
2	O
·	O
47	O
-	O
2	O
·	O
86	O
)	O
and	O
that	O
75	O
815	O
individuals	O
(	O
95	O
%	O
CrI	O
37	O
304	O
-	O
130	O
330	O
)	O
have	O
been	O
infected	O
in	O
Wuhan	O
as	O
of	O
Jan	B-PRGE
25	I-PRGE
,	O
2020	O
.	O

Recombinant	B-PRGE
camel	I-PRGE
IFN	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
α1	I-PRGE
induced	O
the	O
mRNA	B-PROC
expression	B-PROC
of	O
interferon	B-PRGE
-	O
stimulated	O
genes	O
(	O
ISGs	O
)	O
in	O
camel	B-SPEC
kidney	B-ANAT
cells	B-COMP
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
A	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
outbreak	O
associated	O
with	O
a	O
new	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
of	O
probable	O
bat	B-ENZY
origin	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Since	O
the	O
outbreak	O
of	O
severe	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
18	O
years	O
ago	O
,	O
a	O
large	O
number	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
related	O
coronaviruses	O
(	O
SARSr	O
-	O
CoVs	O
)	O
have	O
been	O
discovered	O
in	O
their	O
natural	O
reservoir	O
host	B-COMP
,	O
bats	B-SPEC

A	O
search	O
was	O
performed	O
of	O
the	O
Pubmed	O
,	O
Scopus	B-SPEC
,	O
Clinicaltrials	O
.	O
gov	O
,	O
and	O
Virtual	O
Health	O
Library	O
databases	O
for	O
randomized	O
controlled	O
trials	O
(	O
RCT	O
)	O
evaluating	O
28	O
-	O
day	O
mortality	O
in	O
ARDS	B-DISO
patients	O
treated	O
with	O
NMBA	O
within	O
48	O
h	O
.	O
An	O
English	O
language	O
restriction	O
was	O
applied	O
.	O

He	O
had	O
just	O
returned	O
home	O
from	O
work	O
as	O
a	O
cabinetmaker	O
,	O
where	O
he	O
experienced	O
inhalational	O
exposure	O
to	O
hydrocarbons	B-CHED
and	O
solvents	B-CHED
,	O
and	O
had	O
smoked	O
a	O
marijuana	B-DISO
cigarette	O
.	O

Diffuse	O
alveolar	B-ANAT
hemorrhage	B-DISO
from	O
Goodpasture	B-DISO
'	I-DISO
s	I-DISO
Syndrome	I-DISO
has	O
manifested	O
following	O
inhalation	B-PROC
of	O
hydrocarbons	B-CHED
and	O
following	O
smoking	O
.	O

EIT	O
-	O
based	O
optimal	O
PEEP	B-CHED
was	O
significantly	O
lower	O
in	O
PP	O
than	O
in	O
supine	O
position	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Transmissible	O
gastroenteritis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
)	O
is	O
a	O
swine	B-SPEC
enteropathogenic	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
that	O
causes	O
significant	O
economic	O
losses	O
in	O
swine	B-SPEC
industry	O
.	O

These	O
results	O
demonstrate	O
that	O
TGEVs	O
enter	O
ST	O
cells	B-COMP
via	O
clathrin	B-PRGE
-	O
and	O
caveolae	B-COMP
-	O
mediated	O
endocytic	O
,	O
actin	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
dependent	I-PRGE
,	I-PRGE
and	I-PRGE
dynamin	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
-	O
dependent	O
pathways	B-PROC
.	O

This	O
prospective	O
study	O
over	O
November	O
2017	O
-	O
October	O
2019	O
was	O
conducted	O
in	O
a	O
single	O
-	O
center	O
multidisciplinary	O
pediatric	O
intensive	O
care	O
unit	O
(	O
PICU	B-SPEC
)	O
and	O
included	O
patients	O
<	O
21years	O
of	O
age	O
with	O
PARDS	O
.	O

Despite	O
fulfilling	O
criteria	O
in	O
6	O
/	O
85	O
(	O
7	O
.	O
1	O
%),	O
hypoxemia	O
contributed	O
by	O
bronchospasm	B-DISO
,	O
mucus	B-DISO
plugging	I-DISO
,	O
fluid	B-DISO
overload	I-DISO
,	O
and	O
atelectasis	B-DISO
was	O
quickly	O
reversible	O
and	O
PARDS	O
was	O
unlikely	O
in	O
these	O
patients	O
.	O

These	O
data	O
demonstrate	O
that	O
Nox2	B-PRGE
/	O
ROS	B-PRGE
/	O
ZO	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
axis	B-SPEC
is	O
of	O
great	O
importance	O
in	O
AECs	O
damage	O
induced	O
by	O
LPS	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
the	O
utilization	O
of	O
VAS2870	O
to	O
inhibit	O
this	O
pathway	B-PROC
might	O
lighten	O
LPS	B-DISO
-	O
induced	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

We	O
investigated	O
two	O
patients	O
who	O
developed	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
syndromes	B-DISO
after	O
independent	O
contact	O
history	O
with	O
this	O
market	O
.	O

A	O
maximum	O
clade	O
credibility	O
tree	O
has	O
been	O
built	O
using	O
a	O
dataset	O
of	O
54	O
genome	O
sequences	O
of	O
2019	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
nCoV	I-SPEC
plus	O
two	O
closely	O
related	O
bat	B-ENZY
strains	O
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
like	O
CoV	O
)	O
available	O
in	O
GenBank	O
.	O

The	O
Bayesian	O
phylogenetic	O
reconstruction	O
showed	O
that	O
2019	O
-	O
2020	O
nCoV	O
firstly	O
introduced	O
in	O
Wuhan	O
on	O
25	O
November	O
2019	O
,	O
started	O
epidemic	O
transmission	O
reaching	O
many	O
countries	O
worldwide	O
,	O
including	O
Europe	O
and	O
Italy	O
where	O
the	O
two	O
strains	O
isolated	O
dated	O
back	B-ANAT
19	O
January	O
2020	O
,	O
the	O
same	O
that	O
the	O
Chinese	O
tourists	O
arrived	O
in	O
Italy	O
.	O

In	O
conclusion	O
,	O
this	O
report	O
suggests	O
that	O
further	O
spread	O
of	O
2019	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
nCoV	I-SPEC
epidemic	O
was	O
supported	O
by	O
human	B-SPEC
mobility	O
and	O
that	O
quarantine	O
of	O
suspected	O
or	O
diagnosed	O
cases	O
is	O
useful	O
to	O
prevent	O
further	O
transmission	O
.	O

Viral	B-COMP
genome	I-COMP
phylogenetic	O
analysis	O
represents	O
a	O
useful	O
tool	O
for	O
the	O
evaluation	O
of	O
transmission	O
dynamics	O
and	O
preventive	O
action	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Suggestions	O
for	O
prevention	O
of	O
2019	B-DISO
novel	I-DISO
coronavirus	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
in	O
otolaryngology	O
head	B-ANAT
and	I-ANAT
neck	I-ANAT
surgery	O
medical	O
staff	O
].	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Diagnosis	O
and	O
clinical	O
management	O
of	O
2019	B-DISO
novel	I-DISO
coronavirus	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
:	O
an	O
operational	O
recommendation	O
of	O
Peking	O
Union	O
Medical	O
College	O
Hospital	O
(	O
V2	O
.	O
0	O
)].	O

China	O
rapidly	O
identified	O
2019	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
nCoV	I-SPEC
-	O
related	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
a	O
statutory	O
infectious	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
outbreak	O
of	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
caused	O
by	O
the	O
novel	O
coronavirus	O
2019	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
nCoV	I-SPEC
in	O
Wuhan	O
,	O
Hubei	O
province	O
of	O
China	O
,	O
at	O
the	O
end	O
of	O
2019	O
shaped	O
tremendous	O
challenges	O
to	O
China	O
'	O
s	O
public	O
health	O
and	O
clinical	O
treatment	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
miRNA	O
repertoire	O
and	O
host	B-COMP
immune	O
factor	O
regulation	B-PROC
upon	O
avian	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
infection	O
in	O
eggs	O
.	O

This	O
is	O
the	O
first	O
study	O
that	O
describes	O
the	O
modulation	O
of	O
miRNAs	O
and	O
the	O
related	O
host	B-COMP
immune	O
factors	O
by	O
IBV	B-SPEC
in	O
chicken	B-SPEC
embryos	B-ANAT
.	O

We	O
identified	O
three	O
phylogenetic	O
clusters	B-CHED
using	O
the	O
Bayesian	O
inference	O
framework	O
and	O
three	O
transmission	O
clusters	B-CHED
using	O
transmission	O
network	O
analysis	O
,	O
with	O
only	O
one	O
cluster	O
identified	O
by	O
both	O
methods	O
using	O
the	O
above	O
genome	O
sequences	O
of	O
2019	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
nCoV	I-SPEC
strains	O
.	O

Full	O
genomic	O
sequences	O
have	O
been	O
released	O
by	O
the	O
worldwide	O
scientific	O
community	O
in	O
the	O
last	O
few	O
weeks	O
to	O
understand	O
the	O
evolutionary	O
origin	O
and	O
molecular	O
characteristics	O
of	O
this	O
virus	B-SPEC
.	O

As	O
of	O
February	O
4	O
,	O
2020	O
,	O
a	O
total	O
of	O
20	O
,	O
471	O
confirmed	O
cases	O
,	O
including	O
2	O
,	O
788	O
(	O
13	O
.	O
6	O
%)	O
with	O
severe	O
illness	O
,*	O
and	O
425	O
deaths	B-PROC
(	O
2	O
.	O
1	O
%)	O
had	O
been	O
reported	O
by	O
the	O
National	O
Health	O
Commission	O
of	O
China	O
(	O
2	O
).	O

On	O
January	O
30	O
,	O
the	O
World	O
Health	O
Organization	O
(	O
WHO	O
)	O
Director	O
-	O
General	O
declared	O
that	O
the	O
2019	O
-	O
nCoV	O
outbreak	O
constitutes	O
a	O
Public	O
Health	O
Emergency	B-DISO
of	O
International	O
Concern	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Prevalence	O
and	O
contribution	O
of	O
respiratory	O
viruses	B-SPEC
in	O
the	O
community	O
to	O
rates	O
of	O
emergency	B-DISO
department	O
visits	O
and	O
hospitalizations	O
with	O
respiratory	O
tract	O
infections	O
,	O
chronic	B-DISO
obstructive	I-DISO
pulmonary	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
and	O
asthma	B-PATH
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
individual	O
and	O
combined	O
contribution	O
of	O
viral	O
prevalence	O
in	O
the	O
community	O
to	O
Emergency	B-DISO
Department	O
(	O
ED	O
)	O
visits	O
and	O
hospitalizations	O
with	O
respiratory	B-DISO
tract	I-DISO
infections	I-DISO
(	O
RTIs	O
),	O
chronic	B-DISO
obstructive	I-DISO
pulmonary	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
(	O
COPD	B-DISO
)	O
and	O
asthma	B-PATH
is	O
unclear	O
.	O

The	O
percentage	O
of	O
positive	O
tests	O
to	O
influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
and	O
B	O
,	O
respiratory	B-SPEC
syncytial	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
RSV	B-SPEC
),	O
parainfluenza	B-DISO
and	O
adenovirus	B-DISO
prevalence	O
explained	O
57	O
.	O
4	O
%	O
of	O
ED	O
visits	O
and	O
63	O
.	O
8	O
%	O
of	O
hospitalizations	O
for	O
RTI	B-DISO
,	O
41	O
.	O
4	O
%	O
of	O
ED	O
visits	O
and	O
39	O
.	O
2	O
%	O
of	O
hospitalizations	O
with	O
COPD	B-DISO
but	O
only	O
1	O
.	O
5	O
%	O
of	O
ED	O
visits	O
and	O
2	O
.	O
7	O
%	O
of	O
hospitalizations	O
for	O
asthma	B-PATH
.	O

In	O
rare	O
cases	O
,	O
AIHA	O
is	O
comorbid	O
with	O
other	O
immunological	O
disorders	O
;	O
for	O
instance	O
,	O
when	O
AIHA	O
is	O
complicated	O
with	O
immunologic	O
thrombocytopenic	B-DISO
purpura	I-DISO
(	O
ITP	B-DISO
)	O
it	O
is	O
called	O
Evans	B-DISO
Syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ES	O
).	O

His	O
background	O
immunological	O
status	O
was	O
complicated	O
because	O
AIHA	O
was	O
mixed	O
-	O
type	O
(	O
warm	O
and	O
cold	B-DISO
antibody	B-COMP
type	O
).	O

ITP	B-DISO
and	O
mixed	O
-	O
type	O
AIHA	O
.	O

Our	O
case	O
suggested	O
multiple	O
immunological	O
background	O
,	O
ITP	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
mixed	O
type	O
AIHA	O
,	O
could	O
be	O
associated	O
to	O
a	O
risk	O
for	O
thromboembolism	B-DISO
(	O
TE	O
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
A	O
rapid	O
advice	O
guideline	O
for	O
the	O
diagnosis	O
and	O
treatment	O
of	O
2019	B-SPEC
novel	I-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
(	O
2019	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
nCoV	I-SPEC
)	O
infected	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
(	O
standard	O
version	O
).	O

This	O
guideline	O
includes	O
the	O
guideline	O
methodology	O
,	O
epidemiological	O
characteristics	O
,	O
disease	O
screening	O
and	O
population	O
prevention	O
,	O
diagnosis	O
,	O
treatment	O
and	O
control	O
(	O
including	O
traditional	O
Chinese	O
Medicine	O
),	O
nosocomial	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
prevention	O
and	O
control	O
,	O
and	O
disease	O
nursing	B-PROC
of	O
the	O
2019	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
nCoV	I-SPEC
.	O
Moreover	O
,	O
we	O
also	O
provide	O
a	O
whole	O
process	O
of	O
a	O
successful	O
treatment	O
case	O
of	O
the	O
severe	O
2019	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
nCoV	I-SPEC
infected	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
and	O
experience	O
and	O
lessons	O
of	O
hospital	O
rescue	O
for	O
2019	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
nCoV	I-SPEC
infections	B-DISO
.	O

This	O
rapid	O
advice	O
guideline	O
is	O
suitable	O
for	O
the	O
first	O
frontline	O
doctors	O
and	O
nurses	O
,	O
managers	O
of	O
hospitals	O
and	O
healthcare	O
sections	O
,	O
community	O
residents	O
,	O
public	O
health	O
persons	O
,	O
relevant	O
researchers	O
,	O
and	O
all	O
person	O
who	O
are	O
interested	O
in	O
the	O
2019	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
nCoV	I-SPEC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Associations	O
between	O
changes	O
in	O
oxygenation	B-PROC
,	O
dead	B-PROC
space	O
and	O
driving	O
pressure	O
induced	O
by	O
the	O
first	O
prone	O
position	O
session	O
and	O
mortality	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
distress	O
syndrome	O
.	O

The	O
primary	O
endpoint	O
was	O
the	O
prognostic	O
capacity	O
of	O
the	O
PP	O
-	O
induced	O
changes	O
in	O
PaO	B-PROC
Ninety	O
patients	O
were	O
included	O
;	O
28	O
-	O
day	O
mortality	O
was	O
46	O
%.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Clinical	O
Characteristics	O
of	O
138	O
Hospitalized	O
Patients	O
With	O
2019	B-SPEC
Novel	I-SPEC
Coronavirus	I-SPEC
-	O
Infected	O
Pneumonia	B-DISO
in	O
Wuhan	O
,	O
China	O
.	O

Chest	B-ANAT
computed	O
tomographic	O
scans	O
showed	O
bilateral	O
patchy	O
shadows	O
or	O
ground	O
glass	O
opacity	B-DISO
in	O
the	O
lungs	B-ANAT
of	O
all	O
patients	O
.	O

In	O
this	O
single	O
-	O
center	O
case	O
series	O
of	O
138	O
hospitalized	O
patients	O
with	O
confirmed	O
NCIP	O
in	O
Wuhan	O
,	O
China	O
,	O
presumed	O
hospital	O
-	O
related	O
transmission	O
of	O
2019	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
nCoV	I-SPEC
was	O
suspected	O
in	O
41	O
%	O
of	O
patients	O
,	O
26	O
%	O
of	O
patients	O
received	O
ICU	O
care	O
,	O
and	O
mortality	O
was	O
4	O
.	O
3	O
%.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
A	O
novel	O
coronavirus	O
of	O
zoonotic	O
origin	O
(	O
2019	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
nCoV	I-SPEC
)	O
has	O
recently	O
been	O
identified	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
.	O

This	O
virus	B-SPEC
is	O
genetically	O
similar	O
to	O
SARS	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
and	O
bat	B-ENZY
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
like	O
coronaviruses	O
.	O

Molecular	O
tests	O
for	O
rapid	O
detection	O
of	O
this	O
virus	B-SPEC
are	O
urgently	O
needed	O
for	O
early	O
identification	O
of	O
infected	O
patients	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
An	O
integrative	O
review	O
of	O
the	O
limited	O
evidence	O
on	O
international	O
travel	O
bans	O
as	O
an	O
emerging	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
disaster	O
control	O
measure	O
.	O

To	O
increase	O
awareness	O
about	O
its	O
serious	O
complications	O
,	O
we	O
report	O
three	O
cases	O
of	O
influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
(	O
H1N1	O
)	O
infection	B-DISO
complicated	O
with	O
hemolytic	B-DISO
uremic	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
,	O
myocarditis	B-DISO
and	O
acute	B-DISO
necrotizing	I-DISO
encephalopathy	I-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
The	O
Rate	O
of	O
Underascertainment	O
of	O
Novel	B-SPEC
Coronavirus	I-SPEC
(	O
2019	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
nCoV	I-SPEC
)	O
Infection	B-DISO
:	O

Assuming	O
that	O
the	O
mean	O
detection	O
window	O
of	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
can	O
be	O
informed	O
by	O
the	O
mean	O
serial	O
interval	O
(	O
estimated	O
at	O
7	O
.	O
5	O
days	O
),	O
the	O
ascertainment	O
rate	O
of	O
infection	B-DISO
was	O
estimated	O
at	O
9	O
.	O
2	O
%	O
(	O
95	O
%	O
confidence	O
interval	O
:	O
5	O
.	O
0	O
,	O
20	O
.	O
0	O
).	O

This	O
statement	O
is	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
Novel	B-SPEC
Coronavirus	I-SPEC
Infection	O
Pneumonia	B-DISO
Diagnosis	O
and	O
Treatment	O
Standards	O
(	O
the	O
fourth	O
edition	O
)	O
(	O
National	O
Health	O
Committee	O
)	O
and	O
other	O
previous	O
diagnosis	O
and	O
treatment	O
strategies	O
for	O
pediatric	O
virus	B-SPEC
infections	B-DISO
.	O

We	O
evaluated	O
the	O
effectiveness	O
of	O
ProMED	O
as	O
a	O
source	O
of	O
epidemiological	O
data	O
on	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
.	O

Ruscogenin	O
(	O
RUS	O
)	O
has	O
been	O
found	O
to	O
exert	B-PROC
significant	O
protective	O
effect	O
on	O
ALI	O
induced	O
by	O
lipopolysaccharides	B-CHED
(	O
LPS	B-DISO
),	O
but	O
there	O
is	O
little	O
information	O
about	O
its	O
role	O
in	O
LPS	B-DISO
-	O
induced	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
endothelial	B-PROC
cell	I-PROC
apoptosis	B-PATH
.	O

The	O
results	O
showed	O
that	O
RUS	O
could	O
attenuate	O
LPS	B-DISO
-	O
induced	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
and	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
endothelial	B-ANAT
apoptosis	B-PATH
significantly	O
.	O

There	O
is	O
currently	O
no	O
approved	O
therapeutic	O
for	O
human	B-SPEC
use	O
against	O
NiV	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
neonatal	O
Fc	B-PRGE
receptor	I-PRGE
(	O
FcRn	B-PRGE
)	O
is	O
the	O
only	O
IgG	B-PRGE
transport	I-PRGE
receptor	I-PRGE
,	O
its	O
expression	B-PROC
on	O
mucosal	B-ANAT
surfaces	O
is	O
triggered	O
upon	O
viral	O
stimulation	O
,	O
which	O
significantly	O
enhances	O
mucosal	B-PROC
immunity	I-PROC
.	O

TGEV	B-SPEC
nucleocapsid	B-COMP
(	O
N	O
)	O
protein	B-CHED
also	O
enhanced	O
FcRn	B-PRGE
promoter	I-PRGE
activity	O
via	O
the	O
NF	O
-	O
κB	O
signaling	B-PROC
pathway	I-PROC
and	O
its	O
central	O
region	O
(	O
aa	O
128	O
-	O
252	O
)	O
was	O
essential	O
for	O
FcRn	B-PRGE
activation	O
.	O

Significant	O
complications	O
include	O
variceal	O
bleeding	B-DISO
,	O
hepatic	B-DISO
encephalopathy	I-DISO
,	O
hepatorenal	B-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
,	O
and	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

Extrahepatic	O
complications	O
often	O
include	O
renal	B-ANAT
,	O
cardiovascular	B-ANAT
,	O
and	O
respiratory	O
failures	O
.	O

Here	O
,	O
we	O
present	O
a	O
novel	O
two	O
-	O
stage	O
procedure	O
for	O
the	O
identification	O
of	O
host	B-COMP
factors	O
involved	O
in	O
the	O
replication	O
of	O
different	O
viruses	B-SPEC
using	O
a	O
combination	O
of	O
random	O
effects	O
models	O
and	O
Markov	O
random	O
walks	O
on	O
a	O
functional	O
interaction	O
network	O
.	O

Evidence	O
-	O
based	O
supportive	O
care	O
is	O
the	O
mainstay	O
for	O
management	O
of	O
severe	O
respiratory	B-DISO
viral	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
.	O

Furthermore	O
,	O
phylogenetic	O
analysis	O
of	O
BCoV	O
S	O
genes	O
including	O
those	O
of	O
European	O
and	O
Asian	O
BCoVs	O
and	O
human	B-SPEC
enteric	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
along	O
with	O
the	O
Japanese	O
BCoVs	O
revealed	O
that	O
BCoVs	O
differentiated	B-PROC
into	O
two	O
major	O
types	O
(	O
European	O
and	O
American	O
types	O
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Identifying	O
factors	O
and	O
target	O
preventive	O
therapies	O
for	O
Middle	O
East	O
Respiratory	O
Syndrome	B-DISO
sucsibtable	O
patients	O
.	O

According	O
to	O
a	O
causal	O
directed	O
acyclic	O
graph	O
(	O
DAG	O
)	O
that	O
included	O
respiratory	B-ANAT
system	I-ANAT
compliance	O
(	O
C	O
C	O

The	O
most	O
common	O
adverse	O
events	O
were	O
hyperglycaemia	B-DISO
in	O
the	O
ICU	O
(	O
105	O
[	O
76	O
%]	O
patients	O
in	O
the	O
dexamethasone	B-CHED
group	O
vs	O
97	O
[	O
70	O
%]	O
patients	O
in	O
the	O
control	O
group	O
),	O
new	O
infections	B-DISO
in	O
the	O
ICU	O
(	O
eg	O
,	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
or	O
sepsis	B-DISO
;	O
33	O
[	O
24	O
%]	O
vs	O
35	O
[	O
25	O
%]),	O
and	O
barotrauma	O
(	O
14	O
[	O
10	O
%]	O
vs	O
10	O
[	O
7	O
%]).	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Alveolar	O
flooding	O
and	O
airway	B-DISO
obstruction	I-DISO
are	O
present	O
in	O
the	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

Six	O
patients	O
underwent	O
lung	B-ANAT
and	O
airway	B-ANAT
imaging	O
at	O
four	O
positive	O
end	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
expiratory	I-PROC
pressure	O
levels	O
in	O
a	O
cohort	O
trial	O
.	O

This	O
technique	O
offers	O
3	O
-	O
dimensional	O
visualisation	O
and	O
quantification	O
of	O
patients	O
'	O
airway	B-ANAT
and	O
lung	B-ANAT
geometry	O
on	O
a	O
regional	O
level	O
.	O

Clinical	O
data	O
from	O
137	O
2019	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
nCoV	I-SPEC
-	O
infected	O
patients	O
admitted	O
to	O
the	O
respiratory	O
departments	O
of	O
the	O
respiratory	O
departments	O
of	O
nine	O
tertiary	O
hospitals	O
in	O
Hubei	O
province	O
from	O
December	O
30	O
,	O
2019	O
to	O
January	O
24	O
,	O
2020	O
were	O
retrospectively	O
collected	O
,	O
including	O
general	O
status	O
,	O
clinical	O
manifestations	O
,	O
laboratory	O
test	O
results	O
,	O
imaging	O
characteristics	O
,	O
and	O
treatment	O
regimens	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
α	O
-	O
Ketoamides	O
as	O
Broad	O
-	O
Spectrum	O
Inhibitors	B-CHED
of	O
Coronavirus	B-SPEC
and	O
Enterovirus	B-SPEC
Replication	O
:	O
Structure	O
-	O
Based	O
Design	O
,	O
Synthesis	O
,	O
and	O
Activity	O
Assessment	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
main	O
protease	O
of	O
coronaviruses	O
and	O
the	O
3C	B-PRGE
protease	I-PRGE
of	O
enteroviruses	B-SPEC
share	O
a	O
similar	O
active	O
-	O
site	O
architecture	O
and	O
a	O
unique	O
requirement	O
for	O
glutamine	B-CHED
in	O
the	O
P1	O
position	O
of	O
the	O
substrate	O
.	O

In	O
order	B-SPEC
to	O
obtain	O
near	O
-	O
equipotent	O
,	O
broad	O
-	O
spectrum	O
antivirals	B-CHED
against	O
alphacoronaviruses	O
,	O
betacoronaviruses	O
,	O
and	O
enteroviruses	B-SPEC
,	O
we	O
pursued	O
a	O
structure	O
-	O
based	O
design	O
of	O
peptidomimetic	B-CHED
α	O
-	O
ketoamides	O
as	O
inhibitors	B-CHED
of	O
main	O
and	O
3C	O
proteases	O
.	O

The	O
best	O
near	O
-	O
equipotent	O
inhibitors	B-CHED
,	O

As	O
this	O
bivalent	O
binding	B-FUNC
may	O
enable	O
broad	O
zoonotic	O
CoV	O
infection	B-DISO
,	O
we	O
aimed	O
to	O
identify	O
roles	O
for	O
each	O
receptor	O
in	O
distinct	O
infection	B-DISO
stages	O
.	O

Overall	O
,	O
these	O
findings	O
reveal	O
roles	O
for	O
sialic	B-CHED
acids	I-CHED
in	O
virus	B-SPEC
-	O
cell	B-COMP
binding	B-FUNC
,	O
viral	O
spike	O
protein	B-CHED
-	O
directed	O
cell	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
cell	B-COMP
fusion	I-PROC
,	O
and	O
resultant	O
spread	O
of	O
CoV	O
infections	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Consistent	O
detection	O
of	O
2019	B-SPEC
novel	I-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
in	O
saliva	B-ANAT
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Synanthropic	O
rodents	B-SPEC
as	O
virus	B-SPEC
reservoirs	O
and	O
transmitters	O
.	O

Despite	O
their	O
potential	O
impact	O
on	O
human	B-SPEC
health	O
,	O
relatively	O
few	O
studies	O
have	O
addressed	O
the	O
monitoring	O
of	O
these	O
viruses	B-SPEC
in	O
rodents	B-SPEC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Some	O
patients	O
with	O
positive	O
chest	O
CT	O
findings	O
may	O
present	O
with	O
negative	O
results	O
of	O
real	O
time	O
reverse	O
-	O
transcription	B-PROC
-	O
polymerase	O
chain	O
-	O
reaction	O
(	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
)	O
for	O
2019	B-SPEC
novel	I-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
(	O
2019	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
nCoV	I-SPEC
).	O

The	O
disease	O
is	O
officially	O
named	O
as	O
the	O
Severe	O
Specific	O
Contagious	O
Pneumonia	B-DISO
(	O
SSCP	O
)	O
in	O
1	O
/	O
15	O
/	O
2019	O
and	O
is	O
a	O
notifiable	O
communicable	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
of	O
the	O
5	O
category	O
by	O
the	O
Taiwan	O
CDC	O
,	O
the	O
Ministry	O
of	O
Health	O
.	O

In	O
order	B-SPEC
to	O
assess	O
the	O
potential	O
of	O
the	O
Wuhan	O
2019	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
nCoV	I-SPEC
to	O
cause	O
maternal	O
,	O
fetal	B-ANAT
and	O
neonatal	O
morbidity	O
and	O
other	O
poor	O
obstetrical	O
outcomes	O
,	O
this	O
communication	O
reviews	O
the	O
published	O
data	O
addressing	O
the	O
epidemiological	O
and	O
clinical	O
effects	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
,	O
MERS	O
,	O
and	O
other	O
coronavirus	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
on	O
pregnant	O
women	O
and	O
their	O
infants	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Facilitating	O
ventilator	O
weaning	B-PROC
through	O
rib	B-CHED
fixation	O
combined	O
with	O
video	O
-	O
assisted	O
thoracoscopic	O
surgery	O
in	O
severe	O
blunt	O
chest	O
injury	O
with	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
.	O

Some	O
patients	O
who	O
received	O
rib	B-CHED
fixation	O
with	O
VATS	O
were	O
enrolled	O
as	O
group	O
1	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
others	O
who	O
received	O
only	O
VATS	O
were	O
designated	O
as	O
group	O
2	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Perinatal	O
and	O
neonatal	O
management	O
plan	B-DISO
for	O
prevention	O
and	O
control	O
of	O
2019	B-SPEC
novel	I-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
infection	I-DISO
(	O
1st	O
Edition	O
)].	O

In	O
order	B-SPEC
to	O
further	O
standardize	O
and	O
enhance	O
the	O
clinical	O
management	O
of	O
2019	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
nCoV	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
in	O
children	O
,	O
reduce	O
the	O
incidence	O
,	O
and	O
decrease	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
severe	O
cases	O
,	O
we	O
have	O
formulated	O
this	O
diagnosis	O
and	O
treatment	O
recommendation	O
according	O
to	O
the	O
recent	O
information	O
at	O
home	O
and	O
abroad	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Practical	O
recommendations	O
for	O
critical	O
care	O
and	O
anesthesiology	O
teams	O
caring	O
for	O
novel	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
(	O
2019	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
nCoV	I-SPEC
)	O
patients	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
A	O
global	O
health	O
emergency	B-DISO
has	O
been	O
declared	O
by	O
the	O
World	O
Health	O
Organization	O
as	O
the	O
2019	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
nCoV	I-SPEC
outbreak	O
spreads	O
across	O
the	O
world	O
,	O
with	O
confirmed	O
patients	O
in	O
Canada	O
.	O

Patients	O
infected	O
with	O
2019	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
nCoV	I-SPEC
are	O
at	O
risk	O
for	O
developing	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
and	O
requiring	O
admission	O
to	O
critical	O
care	O
units	O
.	O

While	O
providing	O
optimal	O
treatment	O
for	O
these	O
patients	O
,	O
careful	O
execution	O
of	O
infection	B-DISO
control	O
measures	O
is	O
necessary	O
to	O
prevent	O
nosocomial	O
transmission	O
to	O
other	O
patients	O
and	O
to	O
healthcare	O
workers	O
providing	O
care	O
.	O

Although	O
the	O
exact	O
mechanisms	O
of	O
transmission	O
are	O
currently	O
unclear	O
,	O
human	B-SPEC
-	O
to	O
-	O
human	B-SPEC
transmission	O
can	O
occur	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
risk	O
of	O
airborne	O
spread	O
during	O
aerosol	O
-	O
generating	O
medical	O
procedures	O
remains	O
a	O
concern	O
in	O
specific	O
circumstances	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Potential	O
interventions	O
for	O
novel	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
in	O
China	O
:	O
A	O
systematic	O
review	O
.	O

The	O
total	O
CT	O
score	O
was	O
the	O
sum	O
of	O
lung	B-ANAT
involvement	O
(	O
5	O
lobes	B-ANAT
,	O
score	O
1	O
-	O
5	O
for	O
each	O
lobe	B-ANAT
,	O
range	O
,	O
0	O
none	O
,	O
25	O
maximum	O
)	O
was	O
determined	O
.	O

Results	O
Twenty	O
one	O
patients	O
(	O
6	O
males	O
and	O
15	O
females	O
,	O
age	O
25	O
-	O
63	O
years	O
)	O
with	O
confirmed	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
were	O
evaluated	O
.	O

We	O
estimated	O
the	O
probability	O
of	O
transportation	O
of	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
from	O
Wuhan	O
to	O
369	O
other	O
cities	O
in	O
China	O
before	O
the	O
quarantine	O
.	O

Expected	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
risk	O
is	O
>	O
50	O
%	O
in	O
130	O
(	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
89	O
-	O
190	O
)	O
cities	O
and	O
>	O
99	O
%	O
in	O
the	O
4	O
largest	O
metropolitan	O
areas	O
.	O

The	O
aim	O
of	O
this	O
study	O
was	O
to	O
evaluate	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
respiratory	O
viruses	B-SPEC
in	O
the	O
lower	O
airways	O
of	O
individuals	O
undergoing	O
invasive	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
,	O
with	O
and	O
without	O
acute	O
lower	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
(	O
respectively	O
WRI	O
and	O
WORI	O
groups	O
).	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
continued	O
emergence	O
of	O
Middle	O
East	O
Respiratory	O
Syndrome	B-DISO
(	O
MERS	O
)	O
cases	O
with	O
a	O
high	O
case	O
fatality	O
rate	O
stresses	O
the	O
need	O
for	O
the	O
availability	O
of	O
effective	O
antiviral	B-CHED
treatments	O
.	O

Remdesivir	O
(	O
GS	O
-	O
5734	O
)	O
effectively	O
inhibited	O
MERS	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
replication	O
in	O
vitro	O
,	O
and	O
showed	O
efficacy	O
against	O
Severe	B-DISO
Acute	I-DISO
Respiratory	I-DISO
Syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)-	O
CoV	O
in	O
a	O
mouse	B-SPEC
model	O
.	O

A	O
narrative	O
review	O
from	O
a	O
clinical	O
perspective	O
of	O
clinical	O
features	O
,	O
diagnostic	O
tests	O
,	O
treatments	O
and	O
outcomes	O
of	O
patients	O
with	O
Ebola	B-DISO
virus	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
.	O

Substantial	O
advances	O
have	O
been	O
made	O
in	O
the	O
care	O
of	O
patients	O
with	O
Ebola	B-DISO
virus	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
(	O
EVD	O
),	O
precipitated	O
by	O
the	O
unprecedented	O
extent	O
of	O
the	O
2014	O
-	O
2016	O
outbreak	O
.	O

With	O
specific	O
anti	O
-	O
Ebola	O
medications	O
,	O
most	O
patients	O
can	O
survive	O
Ebola	B-DISO
virus	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Initial	O
CT	O
findings	O
and	O
temporal	O
changes	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
the	O
novel	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
pneumonia	B-DISO
(	O
2019	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
nCoV	I-SPEC
):	O
a	O
study	O
of	O
63	O
patients	O
in	O
Wuhan	O
,	O
China	O
.	O

The	O
number	O
of	O
affected	O
lobes	B-ANAT
,	O
ground	O
glass	O
nodules	B-DISO
(	O
GGO	O
),	O
patchy	O
/	O
punctate	O
ground	O
glass	O
opacities	B-DISO
,	O
patchy	O
consolidation	O
,	O
fibrous	O
stripes	O
and	O
irregular	O
solid	O
nodules	B-DISO
in	O
each	O
patient	O
'	O
s	O
chest	B-ANAT
CT	O
image	O
were	O
recorded	O
.	O

The	O
mean	O
number	O
of	O
affected	O
lobes	B-ANAT
was	O
3	O
.	O
3	O
±	O
1	O
.	O
8	O
.	O

•	O
High	O
-	O
resolution	O
CT	O
(	O
HRCT	O
)	O
of	O
the	O
chest	B-ANAT
is	O
critical	O
for	O
early	O
detection	O
,	O
evaluation	O
of	O
disease	O
severity	O
and	O
follow	O
-	O
up	O
of	O
patients	O
with	O
the	O
novel	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
pneumonia	B-DISO
.	O

•	O
The	O
manifestations	O
of	O
the	O
novel	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
pneumonia	B-DISO
are	O
diverse	O
and	O
change	O
rapidly	O
.	O

Fifty	O
-	O
four	O
(	O
85	O
.	O
7	O
%)	O
patients	O
progressed	O
,	O
including	O
single	O
GGO	O
increased	O
,	O
enlarged	O
and	O
consolidated	O
;	O
fibrous	O
stripe	O
enlarged	O
,	O
while	O
solid	O
nodules	B-DISO
increased	O
and	O
enlarged	O
.	O

ROC	O
curve	O
analysis	O
showed	O
that	O
lateral	O
,	O
inferior	O
,	O
global	O
(	O
average	O
of	O
the	O
3	O
RV	O
walls	O
)	O
longitudinal	O
systolic	O
strain	O
(	O
LSS	B-DISO
)	O
and	O
global	O
strain	O
rate	O
demonstrated	O
significant	O
diagnostic	O
values	O
when	O
compared	O
to	O
several	O
conventional	O
indices	O
(	O
TAPSE	O
,	O
S	O
',	O
RV	O
FAC	B-DISO
).	O

Patients	O
were	O
screened	O
for	O
picornavirus	B-SPEC
,	O
respiratory	B-SPEC
syncytial	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
RSV	B-SPEC
),	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
,	O
human	B-SPEC
metapneumovirus	I-SPEC
,	O
adenovirus	B-DISO
,	O
bocavirus	B-SPEC
,	O
parainfluenza	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
,	O
and	O
influenza	B-DISO
,	O
by	O
PCR	O
on	O
nasopharyngeal	B-ANAT
samples	O
.	O

Together	O
with	O
the	O
other	O
two	O
highly	O
pathogenic	O
coronaviruses	O
,	O
the	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
and	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
),	O
2019	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
nCov	I-SPEC
and	O
other	O
yet	O
to	O
be	O
identified	O
coronaviruses	O
pose	O
a	O
global	O
threat	O
to	O
public	O
health	O
.	O

Here	O
,	O
we	O
report	O
two	O
confirmed	O
cases	O
of	O
2019	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
nCoV	I-SPEC
pneumonia	B-DISO
with	O
chest	B-ANAT
computed	O
tomography	O
findings	O
of	O
multiple	O
regions	O
of	O
patchy	O
consolidation	O
and	O
ground	O
-	O
glass	O
opacities	B-DISO
in	O
both	O
lungs	B-ANAT
.	O

The	O
54	O
-	O
year	O
old	O
male	O
is	O
the	O
third	O
patient	O
diagnosed	O
with	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
in	O
Korea	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Systemic	O
BK	B-DISO
Virus	I-DISO
Infection	I-DISO
in	O
a	O
Pediatric	O
Patient	O
With	O
Severe	B-DISO
Combined	I-DISO
Immunodeficiency	I-DISO
.	O

However	O
,	O
conditions	O
causing	O
immunosuppression	B-PROC
can	O
lead	O
to	O
increased	O
virus	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
and	O
tissue	B-ANAT
damage	O
.	O

This	O
prompted	O
a	O
search	O
for	O
immunodeficiencies	B-DISO
,	O
which	O
revealed	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
combined	I-DISO
immunodeficiency	I-DISO
.	O

The	O
published	O
cohorts	O
of	O
2019	O
new	O
Coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
n	O
-	O
Cov	O
)	O
are	O
single	O
-	O
center	O
studies	O
,	O
or	O
retrospective	O
studies	O
.	O

It	O
'	O
s	O
more	O
urgent	O
to	O
implement	O
strict	O
and	O
efficient	O
infection	B-DISO
control	O
protocols	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Through	O
literature	O
review	O
and	O
group	O
discussion	O
,	O
Special	O
Expert	O
Group	O
for	O
Control	O
of	O
the	O
Epidemic	O
of	O
Novel	O
Coronavirus	O
Pneumonia	B-DISO
of	O
the	O
Chinese	O
Preventive	O
Medicine	B-CHED
Association	O
formulated	O
an	O
update	O
on	O
the	O
epidemiological	O
characteristics	O
of	O
novel	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
pneumonia	B-DISO
(	O
NCP	B-FUNC
).	O

The	O
virus	B-SPEC
is	O
believed	O
transmitted	B-DISO
mostly	O
via	O
droplets	O
or	O
contact	O
.	O

Strategies	O
for	O
prevention	O
and	O
control	O
of	O
NCP	B-FUNC
include	O
improving	O
epidemic	O
surveillance	O
,	O
quarantining	O
the	O
source	O
of	O
infection	B-DISO
,	O
speeding	O
up	O
the	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
suspected	O
cases	O
,	O
optimizing	O
the	O
management	O
of	O
close	O
contacts	O
,	O
tightening	O
prevention	O
and	O
control	O
of	O
cluster	O
outbreaks	O
and	O
hospital	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
,	O
preventing	O
possible	O
rebound	O
of	O
the	O
epidemic	O
after	O
people	O
return	O
to	O
work	O
from	O
the	O
Chinese	O
Spring	O
Festival	O
holiday	O
,	O
and	O
strengthening	O
community	O
prevention	O
and	O
control	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Recommendations	O
for	O
general	O
surgery	O
clinical	O
practice	O
in	O
novel	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
pneumonia	B-DISO
situation	O
].	O

The	O
results	O
of	O
dwarf	B-DISO
chicken	B-SPEC
embryos	B-ANAT
,	O
growth	B-PROC
kinetics	O
,	O
and	O
viral	O
titration	O
in	O
the	O
embryos	B-ANAT
demonstrated	O
that	O
the	O
biological	O
characteristics	O
of	O
the	O
recombinant	O
virus	B-SPEC
remained	O
unchanged	O
.	O

Compared	O
to	O
rH120	O
vaccination	O
group	O
,	O
when	O
the	O
efficacy	O
of	O
this	O
strain	O
was	O
evaluated	O
against	O
the	O
QX	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
like	I-PRGE
IBV	I-PRGE
strain	O
,	O
better	O
protection	O
,	O
with	O
100	O
%	O
survival	O
rate	O
and	O
no	O
disease	O
symptom	B-DISO
or	O
gross	O
lesion	O
was	O
observed	O
in	O
the	O
chickens	B-SPEC
vaccinated	O
with	O
rH120	O
-	O
S1	O
/	O
YZ	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
The	O
spike	O
glycoprotein	B-CHED
of	O
the	O
new	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
2019	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
nCoV	I-SPEC
contains	O
a	O
furin	B-PRGE
-	O
like	O
cleavage	B-PROC
site	O
absent	O
in	O
CoV	O
of	O
the	O
same	O
clade	O
.	O

The	O
evolution	O
in	O
the	O
basic	O
reproduction	B-PROC
number	O
(	O
R0	O
)	O
warns	O
that	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
may	O
easily	O
take	O
an	O
epidemic	O
form	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
novel	O
coronavirus	O
2019	O
(	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
)	O
infected	O
patients	O
by	O
binding	B-FUNC
human	B-SPEC
ACE2	O
,	O
leading	O
to	O
severe	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
and	O
highly	O
mortality	O
rate	O
in	O
patients	O
.	O

The	O
balance	B-PROC
of	O
the	O
RAS	B-CHED
system	O
was	O
broken	O
,	O
and	O
this	O
would	O
lead	O
to	O
the	O
exacerbation	O
of	O
acute	O
severe	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
.	O

CDV	B-PRGE
RNA	I-PRGE
was	O
mainly	O
detected	O
in	O
the	O
Canidae	B-SPEC
family	B-SPEC
,	O
with	O
viral	O
nucleic	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
recorded	O
between	O
2005	O
and	O
2008	O
with	O
a	O
peak	O
prevalence	O
of	O
67	O
%	O
among	O
the	O
wolf	O
population	O
,	O
followed	O
by	O
a	O
sharp	O
decline	O
,	O
suggesting	O
an	O
epizootic	O
behaviour	O
of	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
On	O
December	O
31	O
,	O
2019	O
,	O
the	O
Wuhan	O
Municipal	O
Health	O
Commission	O
announced	O
an	O
outbreak	O
of	O
severe	B-SPEC
acute	I-SPEC
respiratory	I-SPEC
syndrome	I-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
2	I-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
CoV	I-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
2	I-SPEC
),	O
China	O
is	O
now	O
at	O
a	O
critical	O
period	O
in	O
the	O
control	O
of	O
the	O
epidemic	O
.	O

Although	O
China	O
has	O
made	O
great	O
efforts	O
to	O
strengthen	O
the	O
ability	O
to	O
quickly	O
respond	O
to	O
public	O
health	O
emergencies	B-DISO
since	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
outbreak	O
in	O
2003	O
and	O
it	O
has	O
clarified	O
requirements	O
for	O
emergency	O
supplies	O
through	O
legislation	O
,	O
the	O
emergency	B-DISO
reserve	O
supplies	O
program	O
has	O
not	O
been	O
effectively	O
implemented	O
,	O
and	O
there	O
are	O
also	O
deficiencies	O
in	O
the	O
types	O
,	O
quantity	O
,	O
and	O
availability	O
of	O
emergency	B-DISO
medical	O
supplies	O
.	O

Relative	O
risk	O
(	O
RR	O
)	O
was	O
calculated	O
for	O
the	O
incidence	O
of	O
barotrauma	O
and	O
mortality	O
using	O
the	O
random	O
-	O
effect	O
or	O
fixed	B-ANAT
-	O
effect	O
model	O
according	O
to	O
heterogeneity	O
analysis	O
.	O

Long	O
non	O
-	O
coding	O
RNAs	O
(	O
lncRNAs	O
)	O
are	O
known	O
to	O
be	O
important	O
regulators	O
during	O
virus	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
.	O

Here	O
,	O
we	O
describe	O
a	O
comprehensive	O
transcriptome	O
profile	O
of	O
lncRNA	O
in	O
PDCoV	O
-	O
infected	O
swine	B-SPEC
testicular	O
(	O
ST	O
)	O
cells	B-COMP
.	O

Gene	O
Ontology	O
(	O
GO	O
)	O
and	O
Kyoto	O
Encyclopedia	O
of	O
Genes	O
and	O
Genomes	O
(	O
KEGG	O
)	O
analysis	O
revealed	O
that	O
these	O
lncRNAs	O
might	O
be	O
involved	O
in	O
numerous	O
biological	B-PROC
processes	I-PROC
.	O

Furthermore	O
,	O
we	O
constructed	O
a	O
lncRNA	O
-	O
protein	B-CHED
-	O
coding	O
gene	O
co	O
-	O
expression	B-PROC
interaction	O
network	O
.	O

In	O
this	O
clustering	O
outbreak	O
,	O
4	O
patients	O
remained	O
asymptomatic	O
,	O
but	O
PCR	O
and	O
IgM	B-PRGE
antibodies	B-COMP
were	O
positive	O
,	O
indicating	O
that	O
asymptomatic	O
patients	O
may	O
be	O
the	O
key	O
point	O
to	O
control	O
the	O
epidemic	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
In	O
December	O
2019	O
,	O
novel	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
pneumonia	B-DISO
epidemic	O
occurred	O
in	O
Wuhan	O
,	O
Hubei	O
Province	O
,	O
and	O
spread	O
rapidly	O
across	O
the	O
country	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Potent	O
binding	B-FUNC
of	O
2019	B-SPEC
novel	I-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
spike	O
protein	B-CHED
by	O
a	O
SARS	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
-	I-PRGE
specific	I-PRGE
human	B-SPEC
monoclonal	I-PRGE
antibody	I-PRGE
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Molecular	O
and	O
serological	O
investigation	O
of	O
2019	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
nCoV	I-SPEC
infected	O
patients	O
:	O
implication	O
of	O
multiple	O
shedding	O
routes	O
.	O

Likewise	O
,	O
patient	O
will	O
be	O
released	O
upon	O
two	O
times	O
of	O
negative	O
detection	O
from	O
oral	B-ANAT
swabs	O
.	O

We	O
conducted	O
investigation	O
on	O
patients	O
in	O
a	O
local	O
hospital	O
who	O
were	O
infected	O
with	O
this	O
virus	B-SPEC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Since	O
December	O
2019	O
,	O
an	O
outbreak	O
of	O
corona	O
virus	B-PROC
disease	I-PROC
2019	O
(	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
)	O
occurred	O
in	O
Wuhan	O
,	O
and	O
rapidly	O
spread	O
to	O
almost	O
all	O
parts	O
of	O
China	O
.	O

There	O
were	O
3	O
studies	O
using	O
CM	O
for	O
prevention	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
and	O
4	O
studies	O
for	O
H1N1	B-DISO
influenza	I-DISO
.	O

None	O
of	O
the	O
participants	O
who	O
took	O
CM	O
contracted	O
SARS	B-DISO
in	O
the	O
3	O
studies	O
.	O

These	O
results	O
do	O
not	O
support	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
β	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
1a	I-PRGE
in	O
the	O
management	O
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

iNOS	B-PRGE
and	O
OAS	B-DISO
genes	O
in	O
CAM	B-DISO
.	O

It	O
may	O
be	O
speculated	O
that	O
in	O
ovo	B-SPEC
administration	O
of	O
these	O
TLR	O
ligands	O
may	O
enhance	O
resistance	B-PROC
against	O
viral	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
in	O
neonatal	O
chicken	B-SPEC
and	O
may	O
contribute	O
towards	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
more	O
effective	O
and	O
safer	O
vaccines	O
including	O
in	O
ovo	B-SPEC
vaccines	O
.	O

Rapid	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
concomitant	O
NCP	B-FUNC
,	O
safe	O
and	O
effective	O
transportation	O
,	O
implementation	O
of	O
the	O
interventional	O
procedure	O
,	O
protection	O
of	O
vascular	B-ANAT
surgical	O
team	O
and	O
postoperative	O
management	O
and	O
follow	O
-	O
up	O
of	O
such	O
patients	O
have	O
become	O
urgent	O
problems	O
for	O
us	O
.	O

The	O
results	O
revealed	O
that	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
NMBAs	O
in	O
moderate	O
-	O
to	O
-	O
severe	O
ARDS	B-DISO
could	O
significantly	O
decrease	O
the	O
mortality	O
truncated	O
to	O
day	O
28	O
(	O
RR	O
0	O
.	O
74	O
,	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
0	O
.	O
56	O
to	O
0	O
.	O
98	O
,	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
03	O
)	O
and	O
day	O
90	O
(	O
RR	O
0	O
.	O
77	O
,	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
0	O
.	O
60	O
to	O
0	O
.	O
99	O
,	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
04	O
).	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
A	O
total	O
of	O
7	O
trials	O
enrolling	O
1598	O
patients	O
were	O
finally	O
included	O
in	O
this	O
meta	B-SPEC
-	O
analysis	O
.	O

The	O
epidemiological	O
evidence	O
has	O
shown	O
a	O
potential	O
transmission	O
of	O
the	O
2019	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
nCoV	I-SPEC
during	O
the	O
incubation	O
period	O
.	O

Thirty	O
-	O
one	O
patients	O
with	O
ARDS	B-DISO
on	O
invasive	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
with	O
driving	O
pressure	O
of	O
13	O
cmH2O	O
or	O
higher	O
.	O

As	O
at	O
12	O
February	O
2020	O
,	O
two	O
cases	O
have	O
been	O
discharged	O
and	O
the	O
third	O
one	O
remains	O
symptomatic	O
with	O
a	O
persistent	O
cough	O
,	O
and	O
no	O
secondary	B-DISO
transmission	I-DISO
has	O
been	O
identified	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Necrosis	B-PROC
with	O
inflammation	B-DISO
plays	O
a	O
crucial	O
role	O
in	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
).	O

The	O
activation	O
of	O
RIPK3	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
MLKL	I-PRGE
by	O
tumour	B-DISO
necrosis	I-DISO
factor	I-PRGE
receptor	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
(	O
TNFR1	O
)	O
and	O
TNFR1	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
associated	I-PRGE
death	I-PRGE
domain	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
(	O
TRADD	B-PRGE
)	O
required	O
catalytically	O
active	O
RIPK1	B-PRGE
and	O
the	O
inhibition	B-PROC
of	O
Fas	B-DISO
-	O
associated	O
protein	B-CHED
with	O
death	B-PRGE
domain	I-PRGE
(	O
FADD	B-PRGE
)/	O
caspase	B-ENZY
-	I-ENZY
8	I-ENZY
catalytic	B-FUNC
activity	I-FUNC
.	O

KEY	O
MESSAGES	O
:	O
Lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
in	O
high	O
-	O
dose	O
LPS	B-DISO
-	O
induced	O
severe	O
ARDS	B-DISO
is	O
mainly	O
due	O
to	O
RIP3	B-PRGE
-	O
MLKL	B-PRGE
-	O
mediated	O
necroptosis	B-DISO
and	O
endothelial	B-DISO
dysfunction	I-DISO
.	O

HSP90	B-PRGE
/	O
p23	B-PRGE
is	O
a	O
novel	O
RIP3	B-PRGE
-	O
and	O
MLKL	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
interacting	I-PRGE
complex	I-PRGE
in	O
RIP	B-PRGE
-	O
MLKL	B-PRGE
-	O
mediated	O
necroptosis	B-DISO
,	O
inflammation	B-DISO
and	O
endothelial	B-DISO
dysfunction	I-DISO
.	O

Consumption	O
of	O
30	O
g	O
dry	O
beef	O
can	O
fully	O
meet	O
daily	O
physiological	O
needs	O
of	O
the	O
healthy	O
70	O
-	O
kg	O
adult	O
human	B-SPEC
for	O
taurine	O
and	O
carnosine	B-CHED
,	O
and	O
can	O
also	O
provide	O
large	O
amounts	O
of	O
creatine	B-CHED
,	O
anserine	B-CHED
and	O
4	B-CHED
-	I-CHED
hydroxyproline	I-CHED
to	O
improve	O
human	B-SPEC
nutrition	B-PROC
and	O
health	O
,	O
including	O
metabolic	B-PROC
,	O
retinal	B-CHED
,	O
immunological	O
,	O
muscular	B-ANAT
,	O
cartilage	B-ANAT
,	O
neurological	O
,	O
and	O
cardiovascular	B-ANAT
health	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
2019	B-SPEC
Novel	I-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
:	O
where	O
we	O
are	O
and	O
what	O
we	O
know	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Development	B-PROC
of	O
Genetic	O
Diagnostic	O
Methods	O
for	O
Novel	B-SPEC
Coronavirus	I-SPEC
2019	O
(	O
nCoV	O
-	O
2019	O
)	O
in	O
Japan	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Several	O
suggestion	O
of	O
operation	O
for	O
colorectal	B-PATH
cancer	I-PATH
under	O
the	O
outbreak	O
of	O
Corona	B-CHED
Virus	B-SPEC
Disease	I-PROC
19	O
in	O
China	O
].	O

Based	O
onLaparoscopic	O
colorectal	O
operation	O
experiences	O
,	O
the	O
author	O
suggests	O
that	O
the	O
surgery	O
strategy	O
for	O
colorectal	B-PATH
cancer	I-PATH
patients	O
under	O
the	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
situation	O
.	O

For	O
colorectal	O
malignancy	B-DISO
with	O
simple	O
intestinal	B-DISO
obstruction	I-DISO
,	O
stent	O
placement	O
can	O
achieve	O
a	O
high	O
success	O
rate	O
,	O
which	O
not	O
only	O
helps	O
avoid	O
emergency	B-DISO
surgery	O
,	O
but	O
also	O
creates	O
a	O
better	O
condition	B-DISO
for	O
subsequent	O
surgery	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Real	O
-	O
Time	O
Estimation	O
of	O
the	O
Risk	O
of	O
Death	B-PROC
from	O
Novel	B-SPEC
Coronavirus	I-SPEC
(	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
)	O
Infection	B-DISO
:	O
Inference	O
Using	O
Exported	O
Cases	O
.	O

Knowledge	O
of	O
the	O
cCFR	O
is	O
critical	O
to	O
characterize	O
the	O
severity	O
and	O
understand	O
the	O
pandemic	O
potential	O
of	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
in	O
the	O
early	O
stage	O
of	O
the	O
epidemic	O
.	O

We	O
modeled	O
epidemic	O
growth	B-PROC
either	O
from	O
a	O
single	O
index	O
case	O
with	O
illness	O
onset	O
on	O
8	O
December	O
,	O
2019	O
(	O
Scenario	O
1	O
),	O
or	O
using	O
the	O
growth	B-PROC
rate	O
fitted	B-DISO
along	O
with	O
the	O
other	O
parameters	O
(	O
Scenario	O
2	O
)	O
based	O
on	O
data	O
from	O
20	O
exported	O
cases	O
reported	O
by	O
24	O
January	O
2020	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Novel	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
pneumonia	B-DISO
related	O
liver	B-ANAT
injury	O
:	O
etiological	O
analysis	O
and	O
treatment	O
strategy	O
].	O

Previous	O
studies	O
have	O
shown	O
that	O
chloroquine	B-CHED
phosphate	B-CHED
(	O
chloroquine	B-CHED
)	O
had	O
a	O
wide	O
range	O
of	O
antiviral	B-CHED
effects	O
,	O
including	O
anti	O
-	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Of	O
the	O
62	O
patients	O
studied	O
(	O
median	O
age	O
41	O
years	O
),	O
only	O
one	O
was	O
admitted	O
to	O
an	O
intensive	O
care	O
unit	O
,	O
and	O
no	O
patients	O
died	B-PROC
during	O
the	O
study	O
.	O

Asthma	B-PATH
or	O
other	O
allergic	O
diseases	O
were	O
not	O
reported	O
by	O
any	O
of	O
the	O
patients	O
.	O

Detailed	O
clinical	O
investigation	O
of	O
140	O
hospitalized	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
cases	O
suggests	O
eosinopenia	B-DISO
together	O
with	O
lymphopenia	B-DISO
may	O
be	O
a	O
potential	O
indicator	B-CHED
for	O
diagnosis	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
An	O
approximately	O
1	O
:	O
1	O
ratio	O
of	O
male	O
(	O
50	O
.	O
7	O
%)	O
and	O
female	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
patients	O
was	O
found	O
,	O
with	O
an	O
overall	O
median	O
age	O
of	O
57	O
.	O
0	O
years	O
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
Detailed	O
clinical	O
investigation	O
of	O
140	O
hospitalized	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
cases	O
suggests	O
eosinopenia	B-DISO
together	O
with	O
lymphopenia	B-DISO
may	O
be	O
a	O
potential	O
indicator	B-CHED
for	O
diagnosis	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Since	O
late	O
December	O
2019	O
,	O
an	O
outbreak	O
of	O
2019	B-SPEC
novel	I-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
diseases	O
(	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
)	O
in	O
Wuhan	O

Lung	B-DISO
cancer	B-SPEC
patients	O
should	O
be	O
the	O
priority	O
group	O
for	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
prevention	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Strategy	O
of	O
nursing	B-PROC
care	O
on	O
the	O
face	B-ANAT
skin	I-ANAT
injuries	O
caused	O
by	O
wearing	O
medical	O
-	O
grade	O
protective	O
equipment	O
].	O

According	O
to	O
the	O
current	O
status	O
,	O
blocking	B-DISO
transmission	O
,	O
isolation	O
,	O
protection	O
,	O
and	O
alternative	O
medication	O
are	O
the	O
urgent	O
management	O
strategies	O
against	O
2019	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
nCoV	I-SPEC
.	O

Using	O
publicly	O
available	O
event	O
-	O
date	O
data	O
from	O
the	O
ongoing	O
epidemic	O
,	O
the	O
present	O
study	O
investigated	O
the	O
incubation	O
period	O
and	O
other	O
time	O
intervals	O
that	O
govern	O
the	O
epidemiological	O
dynamics	O
of	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
infections	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Pulmonary	B-ANAT
edema	I-DISO
following	O
diuretic	B-CHED
therapy	O
:	O
A	O
case	O
report	O
.	O

After	O
treatments	O
including	O
antibiotics	B-CHED
,	O
lung	B-ANAT
protective	O
ventilation	O
strategies	O
,	O
and	O
restrictive	O
fluid	O
management	O
,	O
his	O
respiratory	B-DISO
symptoms	I-DISO
improved	O
.	O

Following	O
these	O
treatment	O
,	O
the	O
patient	O
'	O
s	O
respiratory	B-DISO
distress	I-DISO
improved	O
remarkably	O
.	O

It	O
is	O
likely	O
that	O
a	O
wider	O
use	O
of	O
POCUS	O
will	O
help	O
physicians	O
to	O
obtain	O
a	O
faster	O
,	O
and	O
more	O
accurate	O
,	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
the	O
etiology	O
of	O
acute	B-DISO
pulmonary	I-DISO
edema	I-DISO
,	O
thus	O
allowing	O
a	O
more	O
appropriate	O
therapy	O
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
We	O
report	O
the	O
first	O
case	O
of	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
edema	I-DISO
following	O
diuretic	B-CHED
therapy	O
to	O
stress	O
the	O
need	O
of	O
physicians	O
to	O
follow	O
guidelines	O
of	O
clinical	O
practice	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Virus	B-SPEC
Isolation	O
from	O
the	O
First	O
Patient	O
with	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
in	O
Korea	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Novel	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
CoV	I-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
2	I-SPEC
)	O
is	O
found	O
to	O
cause	O
a	O
large	O
outbreak	O
started	O
from	O
Wuhan	O
since	O
December	O
2019	O
in	O
China	O
and	O
SARS	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
CoV	I-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
2	I-SPEC
infections	B-DISO
have	O
been	O
reported	O
with	O
epidemiological	O
linkage	B-PROC
to	O
China	O
in	O
25	O
countries	O
until	O
now	O
.	O

We	O
isolated	O
SARS	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
CoV	I-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
2	I-SPEC
from	O
the	O
oropharyngeal	B-ANAT
sample	O
obtained	O
from	O
the	O
patient	O
with	O
the	O
first	O
laboratory	O
-	O
confirmed	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
CoV	I-DISO
-	I-DISO
2	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
in	O
Korea	O
.	O

Phylogenetic	O
analyses	O
of	O
whole	O
genome	O
sequences	O
showed	O
that	O
it	O
clustered	O
with	O
other	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
reported	O
from	O
Wuhan	O
.	O

Nanjing	O
Stomatological	O
Hospital	O
has	O
implemented	O
the	O
emergency	B-DISO
management	O
practices	O
for	O
the	O
prevention	O
and	O
control	O
of	O
novel	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
pneumonia	B-DISO
(	O
NCP	B-FUNC
),	O
mainly	O
focusing	O
on	O
the	O
implementation	O
of	O
prevention	O
and	O
control	O
training	O
programs	O
for	O
medical	O
staffs	O
and	O
the	O
infection	B-DISO
control	O
projects	O
on	O
the	O
hospital	O
environment	O
.	O

Currently	O
,	O
controlling	O
infection	B-DISO
to	O
prevent	O
the	O
spread	O
of	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
is	O
the	O
primary	O
intervention	O
being	O
used	O
.	O

The	O
positive	O
selective	O
pressure	O
could	O
account	O
for	O
some	O
clinical	O
features	O
of	O
this	O
virus	B-SPEC
compared	O
with	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
and	O
Bat	B-PRGE
SARS	B-DISO
-	I-PRGE
like	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
.	O
The	O
stabilizing	O
mutation	O
falling	O
in	O
the	O
endosome	B-COMP
-	O
associated	O
-	O
protein	B-CHED
-	O
like	O
domain	O
of	O
the	O
nsp2	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
could	O
account	O
for	O
COVID	O
-	O
2019	O
high	O
ability	O
of	O
contagious	O
,	O
while	O
the	O
destabilizing	O
mutation	O
in	O
nsp3	B-PRGE
proteins	I-PRGE
could	O
suggest	O
a	O
potential	O
mechanism	O
differentiating	O
COVID	O
-	O
2019	O
from	O
SARS	B-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
is	O
the	O
causative	O
agent	O
of	O
a	O
respiratory	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
with	O
a	O
high	O
case	O
fatality	O
rate	O
.	O

To	O
date	O
,	O
CT	O
findings	O
have	O
been	O
recommended	O
as	O
major	O
evidence	O
for	O
clinical	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
in	O
Hubei	O
,	O
China	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
continues	O
to	O
cause	O
frequent	O
outbreaks	O
in	O
hospitals	O
in	O
Saudi	O
Arabia	O
.	O

Concern	O
over	O
transmitting	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
to	O
family	B-SPEC
members	O
was	O
the	O
most	O
predictive	O
factor	O
for	O
anxiety	O
among	O
non	O
-	O
physician	O
HCWs	O
.	O

(	O
2	O
)	O
Colonoscopy	O
examination	O
may	O
cause	O
cross	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
of	O
NCP	B-FUNC
to	O
patients	O
and	O
doctors	O
.	O

Therefore	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
prior	O
to	O
examine	O
the	O
emergency	B-DISO
cases	O
and	O
life	O
-	O
threatening	O
patients	O
(	O
bleeding	B-DISO
,	O
obstruction	B-DISO
,	O
gastrointestinal	O
foreign	O
bodies	O
,	O
etc	O
.).	O

If	O
the	O
emergent	O
patients	O
(	O
intestinal	B-DISO
obstruction	I-DISO
)	O
with	O
suspected	O
or	O
confirmed	O
NCP	B-FUNC
,	O
the	O
surgeons	O
must	O
perform	O
emergency	B-DISO
surgery	O
,	O
and	O
intestinal	B-ANAT
decompressive	O
tube	O
through	O
colonoscopy	O
is	O
not	O
recommended	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Psychological	B-DISO
intervention	O
in	O
oral	B-ANAT
patients	O
in	O
novel	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
pneumonia	B-DISO
outbreak	O
period	O
].	O

TITLE	O
:	O
The	O
SARS	B-DISO
,	O
MERS	O
and	O
novel	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
(	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
)	O
epidemics	O
,	O
the	O
newest	O
and	O
biggest	O
global	O
health	O
threats	O
:	O
what	O
lessons	O
have	O
we	O
learned	O
?	O

The	O
availability	O
of	O
connecting	O
flights	O
,	O
the	O
timing	O
of	O
the	O
outbreak	O
during	O
the	O
Chinese	O
(	O
Lunar	O
)	O
New	O
Year	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
massive	O
rail	B-SPEC
transit	O
hub	O
located	O
in	O
Wuhan	O
has	O
enabled	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
to	O
perforate	O
throughout	O
China	O
,	O
and	O
eventually	O
,	O
globally	O
.	O

The	O
availability	O
of	O
connecting	O
flights	O
,	O
the	O
timing	O
of	O
the	O
outbreak	O
during	O
the	O
Chinese	O
(	O
Lunar	O
)	O
New	O
Year	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
massive	O
rail	B-SPEC
transit	O
hub	O
located	O
in	O
Wuhan	O
has	O
enabled	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
to	O
perforate	O
throughout	O
China	O
,	O
and	O
eventually	O
,	O
globally	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
The	O
keypoints	O
in	O
treatment	O
of	O
the	O
critical	O
novel	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
pneumonia	B-DISO
patient	O
].	O

The	O
best	O
respiratory	O
support	O
mode	O
should	O
be	O
selected	O
,	O
but	O
the	O
timing	O
of	O
intubation	O
and	O
protection	O
during	O
intubation	O
are	O
two	O
difficulties	O
;	O
patients	O
with	O
high	O
level	O
peep	B-CHED
and	O
poor	O
effect	O
in	O
prone	O
position	O
can	O
be	O
given	O
ECMO	O
support	O
.	O

The	O
management	O
and	O
control	O
of	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
importations	O
heavily	O
rely	O
on	O
a	O
country	O
'	O
s	O
health	O
capacity	O
.	O

Here	O
we	O
evaluate	O
the	O
preparedness	O
and	O
vulnerability	O
of	O
African	O
countries	O
against	O
their	O
risk	O
of	O
importation	O
of	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
.	O

We	O
determined	O
the	O
country	O
'	O
s	O
capacity	O
to	O
detect	O
and	O
respond	O
to	O
cases	O
with	O
two	O
indicators	O
:	O
preparedness	O
,	O
using	O
the	O
WHO	O
International	O
Health	O
Regulations	O
Monitoring	O
and	O
Evaluation	O
Framework	O
;	O
and	O
vulnerability	O
,	O
using	O
the	O
Infectious	B-DISO
Disease	I-DISO
Vulnerability	O
Index	O
.	O

Chronic	B-DISO
cor	I-DISO
pulmonale	I-DISO
is	O
the	O
terminal	O
stage	O
of	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
hypertension	I-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Adjunctive	O
strategies	O
are	O
an	O
important	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
management	O
of	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
).	O

We	O
wished	O
to	O
determine	O
the	O
frequency	O
and	O
patterns	O
of	O
use	O
of	O
adjunctive	O
strategies	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
moderate	O
-	O
severe	O
ARDS	B-DISO
(	O
P	O
/	O
F	O
ratio	O
<	O
150	O
)	O
enrolled	O
into	O
the	O
Large	O
observational	O
study	O
to	O
UNderstand	O
the	O
Global	O
impact	O
of	O
Severe	O
Acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
FailurE	I-DISO
(	O
LUNG	B-ANAT
SAFE	O
)	O
study	O
.	O

Of	O
1	O
,	O
151	O
invasively	O
ventilated	O
patients	O
with	O
moderate	O
-	O
severe	O
ARDS	B-DISO
,	O
818	O
pts	O
(	O
71	O
%)	O
received	O
no	O
adjunct	O
within	O
48h	O
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
onset	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
First	O
respiratory	O
transmitted	B-DISO
food	O
borne	O
outbreak	O
?	O

Based	O
on	O
the	O
limited	O
initial	O
human	B-SPEC
-	O
to	O
-	O
human	B-SPEC
transmission	O
and	O
timely	O
clustering	O
of	O
cases	O
in	O
Huanan	O
market	O
among	O
elderly	O
men	O
,	O
coupled	O
with	O
knowledge	O
that	O
coronaviruses	O
are	O
derived	O
from	O
animals	B-SPEC
and	O
relationship	O
of	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
to	O
bat	B-ENZY
coronavirus	B-SPEC
,	O
zoonotic	O
transmission	O
in	O
the	O
first	O
instance	O
is	O
probable	O
.	O

Domestically	O
in	O
China	O
,	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
has	O
also	O
been	O
noted	O
in	O
several	O
cities	O
and	O
provinces	O
with	O
cases	O
in	O
all	O
but	O
one	O
provinence	O
.	O

While	O
zoonotic	O
transmission	O
appears	O
to	O
be	O
the	O
original	O
source	O
of	O
infections	O
,	O
the	O
most	O
alarming	O
development	B-PROC
is	O
that	O
human	B-SPEC
-	O
to	O
-	O
human	B-SPEC
transmission	O
is	O
now	O
prevelant	O
.	O

We	O
also	O
present	O
data	O
on	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
in	O
silico	O
docking	B-PROC
in	O
gaining	O
insight	O
into	O
2019	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
nCoV	I-SPEC
Spike	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
receptor	I-PRGE
binding	O
to	O
aid	O
in	O
therapeutic	O
development	B-PROC
.	O

Diagnostic	O
PCR	O
protocols	O
can	O
be	O
found	O
at	O
https	O
://	O
www	O
.	O
who	O
.	O
int	O
/	O
health	O
-	O
topics	O
/	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
/	O
laboratory	O
-	O
diagnostics	O
-	O
for	O
-	O
novel	O
-	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
.	O

Lung	B-ANAT
lesions	O
were	O
characterized	O
by	O
a	O
high	O
Although	O
RESULTS	O
:	O
All	O
patients	O
had	O
peripheral	O
ground	O
-	O
glass	O
opacities	B-DISO
and	O
/	O
or	O
lung	B-ANAT
consolidations	O
in	O
more	O
than	O
two	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
lobes	B-ANAT
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Porcine	O
deltacoronavirus	O
(	O
PDCoV	O
)	O
is	O
a	O
newly	O
emerging	O
threat	O
to	O
the	O
global	O
porcine	B-SPEC
industry	O
.	O

This	O
knowledge	O
can	O
potentially	O
contribute	O
to	O
improvement	O
of	O
virus	B-SPEC
production	O
efficiency	O
in	O
culture	O
,	O
not	O
only	O
for	O
vaccine	O
preparation	O
but	O
also	O
to	O
develop	O
antiviral	B-CHED
treatments	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
We	O
report	O
a	O
2	O
-	O
family	O
cluster	O
of	O
persons	O
infected	O
with	O
severe	B-SPEC
acute	I-SPEC
respiratory	I-SPEC
syndrome	I-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
2	I-SPEC
in	O
the	O
city	O
of	O
Zhoushan	O
,	O
Zhejiang	O
Province	O
,	O
China	O
,	O
during	O
January	O
2020	O
.	O

The	O
infections	B-DISO
resulted	O
from	O
contact	O
with	O
an	O
infected	O
but	O
potentially	O
presymptomatic	O
traveler	O
from	O
the	O
city	O
of	O
Wuhan	O
in	O
Hubei	O
Province	O
.	O

These	O
findings	O
can	O
support	O
evidence	O
-	O
based	O
policy	O
to	O
combat	B-CHED
the	O
spread	O
of	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
,	O
and	O
prospective	O
planning	O
to	O
mitigate	O
future	O
emerging	O
pathogens	O
.	O

With	O
regards	O
to	O
the	O
clinical	O
manifestations	O
,	O
58	O
/	O
80	O
(	O
73	O
%)	O
of	O
patients	O
had	O
cough	B-DISO
,	O
61	O
/	O
80	O
(	O
76	O
%)	O
of	O
patients	O
had	O
high	B-PROC
temperature	I-PROC
levels	O
.	O

Correlation	O
analysis	O
showed	O
that	O
the	O
PII	O
value	O
was	O
significantly	O
correlated	O
with	O
the	O
values	O
of	O
lymphocyte	B-ANAT
count	O
,	O
monocyte	B-ANAT
count	O
,	O
C	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
reactive	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
,	O
procalcitonin	O
,	O
days	O
from	O
illness	O
onset	O
and	O
body	B-ANAT
temperature	O
(	O
p	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
).	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
The	O
common	O
chest	B-ANAT
CT	O
findings	O
of	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
are	O
multiple	O
GGO	O
,	O
consolidation	O
and	O
interlobular	O
septal	O
thickening	O
in	O
both	O
lungs	B-ANAT
,	O
which	O
are	O
mostly	O
distributed	O
under	O
the	O
pleura	B-ANAT
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
In	O
December	O
2019	O
,	O
a	O
novel	O
coronavirus	O
(	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
)	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
emerged	O
in	O
Wuhan	O
,	O
China	O
.	O

The	O
World	O
Health	O
Organization	O
declared	O
the	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
outbreak	O
a	O
global	O
public	O
health	O
emergency	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Rigidity	B-DISO
of	O
the	O
Outer	O
Shell	B-ANAT
Predicted	O
by	O
a	O
Protein	B-CHED
Intrinsic	O
Disorder	O
Model	O
Sheds	O
Light	O
on	O
the	O
COVID	O
-	O
19	O
(	O
Wuhan	O
-	O
2019	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
nCoV	I-SPEC
)	O
Infectivity	O
.	O

Therefore	O
,	O
although	O
SARS	O
,	O
MERS	O
,	O
and	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
are	O
all	O
the	O
result	O
of	O
coronaviral	O
infections	B-DISO
,	O
the	O
causes	O
of	O
the	O
coronaviruses	O
differ	O
dramatically	O
in	O
their	O
transmissibility	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Risk	O
Assessment	O
of	O
Novel	B-SPEC
Coronavirus	I-SPEC
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
Outbreaks	O
Outside	O
China	O
.	O

A	O
novel	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
,	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
,	O
was	O
identified	O
to	O
be	O
accountable	O
for	O
this	O
disease	O
.	O

Pretreatment	O
of	O
HNE	B-CHED
and	O
HTE	B-CHED
cells	B-COMP
with	O
glycopyrronium	O
or	O
formoterol	B-CHED
decreased	O
viral	O
RNA	O
levels	O
and	O
/	O
or	O
titers	O
,	O
the	O
expression	B-PROC
of	O
the	O
HCoV	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
229E	I-PRGE
receptor	I-PRGE
CD13	I-PRGE
,	O
the	O
number	O
and	O
fluorescence	O
intensity	O
of	O
acidic	O
endosomes	O
where	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
229E	I-SPEC
RNA	O
enters	O
the	O
cytoplasm	B-COMP
,	O
and	O
the	O
infection	B-DISO
-	O
induced	O
production	O
of	O
cytokines	O
,	O
including	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
6	I-FUNC
,	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
8	I-FUNC
,	O
and	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
β	I-PRGE
.	O

Treatment	O
of	O
the	O
cells	B-COMP
with	O
the	O
CD13	B-PRGE
inhibitor	B-CHED
2	O
'	O
2	O
'-	O
dipyridyl	O
decreased	O
viral	O
titers	O
.	O

Pretreatment	O
with	O
formoterol	B-CHED
increased	O
cAMP	B-CHED
levels	O
and	O
treatment	O
with	O
cAMP	B-CHED
decreased	O
viral	O
titers	O
,	O
CD13	B-PRGE
expression	B-PROC
,	O
and	O
the	O
fluorescence	O
intensity	O
of	O
acidic	O
endosomes	O
.	O

Here	O
,	O
we	O
co	O
-	O
expressed	B-PROC
the	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
nonstructural	O
proteins	B-CHED
nsp5	B-PRGE
,	O
nsp7	O
,	O
nsp8	O
,	O
and	O
nsp12	O
(	O
RdRp	B-FUNC
)	O
in	O
insect	B-SPEC
cells	B-COMP
as	O
a	O
part	O
a	O
polyprotein	O
to	O
study	O
the	O
mechanism	O
of	O
inhibition	B-PROC
of	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
RdRp	B-FUNC
by	O
RDV	B-SPEC
.	O

The	O
triphosphate	B-CHED
form	O
of	O
the	O
inhibitor	B-CHED
(	O
RDV	B-SPEC
-	O
TP	O
)	O
competes	O
with	O
its	O
natural	O
counterpart	O
ATP	O
.	O

Together	O
,	O
these	O
results	O
help	O
to	O
explain	O
the	O
high	O
potency	O
of	O
RDV	B-SPEC
against	O
RNA	O
viruses	B-SPEC
in	O
cell	B-COMP
-	O
based	O
assays	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
It	O
has	O
been	O
reported	O
that	O
ACE2	O
is	O
the	O
main	O
host	B-COMP
cell	I-COMP
receptor	O
of	O
2019	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
nCoV	I-SPEC
and	O
plays	O
a	O
crucial	O
role	O
in	O
the	O
entry	O
of	O
virus	B-SPEC
into	O
the	O
cell	B-COMP
to	O
cause	O
the	O
final	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

RNA	O
-	O
seq	O
profiling	O
data	O
of	O
13	O
organ	B-ANAT
types	O
with	O
para	B-CHED
-	O
carcinoma	B-DISO
normal	O
tissues	B-ANAT
from	O
TCGA	O
and	O
14	O
organ	B-ANAT
types	O
with	O
normal	O
tissues	B-ANAT
from	O
FANTOM5	O
CAGE	O
were	O
analyzed	O
in	O
order	B-SPEC
to	O
explore	O
and	O
validate	O
the	O
expression	B-PROC
of	O
ACE2	B-PRGE
on	O
the	O
mucosa	B-ANAT
of	O
oral	B-ANAT
cavity	I-ANAT
.	O

Interestingly	O
,	O
this	O
receptor	O
was	O
highly	O
enriched	O
in	O
epithelial	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
of	O
tongue	B-ANAT
.	O

Preliminarily	O
,	O
those	O
findings	O
have	O
explained	O
the	O
basic	O
mechanism	O
that	O
the	O
oral	B-ANAT
cavity	I-ANAT
is	O
a	O
potentially	O
high	O
risk	O
for	O
2019	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
nCoV	I-SPEC
infectious	B-DISO
susceptibility	O
and	O
provided	O
a	O
piece	O
of	O
evidence	O
for	O
the	O
future	O
prevention	O
strategy	O
in	O
dental	O
clinical	O
practice	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
daily	O
life	O
.	O

Since	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
was	O
first	O
identified	O
in	O
animal	B-SPEC
markets	O
,	O
global	O
viromics	O
projects	O
have	O
discovered	O
thousands	O
of	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
sequences	O
in	O
diverse	O
animals	B-SPEC
and	O
geographic	O
regions	O
.	O

Unfortunately	O
,	O
there	O
are	O
few	O
tools	O
available	O
to	O
functionally	O
test	O
these	O
viruses	B-SPEC
for	O
their	O
ability	O
to	O
infect	O
humans	B-SPEC
,	O
which	O
has	O
severely	O
hampered	O
efforts	O
to	O
predict	O
the	O
next	O
zoonotic	O
viral	O
outbreak	O
.	O

Fifty	O
-	O
two	O
cases	O
of	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
were	O
admitted	O
in	O
the	O
First	O
Affiliated	O
Hospital	O
of	O
Zhejiang	O
University	O
School	O
of	O
Medicine	B-CHED
.	O

The	O
obvious	O
shadows	O
infiltrating	B-DISO
the	O
lungs	B-ANAT
were	O
shown	O
on	O
CT	O
images	O
in	O
50	O
cases	O
,	O
for	O
other	O
2	O
cases	O
there	O
was	O
no	O
abnormal	O
changes	O
in	O
the	O
lungs	B-ANAT
during	O
the	O
first	O
CT	O
examination	O
.	O

During	O
hospitalization	O
,	O
GGO	O
lesions	O
in	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
patients	O
gradually	O
became	O
rare	O
,	O
the	O
fibrous	O
strip	O
shadows	O
increased	O
and	O
it	O
became	O
the	O
most	O
common	O
imaging	O
manifestation	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Management	O
of	O
corona	B-CHED
virus	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
-	O
19	O
(	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
):	O
the	O
Zhejiang	O
experience	O
].	O

As	O
the	O
National	O
Clinical	O
Research	O
Center	O
for	O
Infectious	B-DISO
Diseases	I-DISO
,	O
the	O
First	O
Affiliated	O
Hospital	O
of	O
Zhejiang	O
University	O
School	O
of	O
Medicine	B-CHED
is	O
the	O
primary	O
medical	O
care	O
center	O
for	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
inZhejiang	O
Province	O
.	O

The	O
""""	O
Four	O
-	O
Anti	O
and	O
Two	O
-	O
Balance	B-PROC
""""	O
strategyeffectively	O
increased	O
cure	O
rate	O
and	O
reduced	O
mortality	O
.	O

Moreover	O
,	O
it	O
also	O
favoredthe	O
balance	B-PROC
of	O
fluid	O
,	O
electrolyte	O
and	O
acid	O
-	O
base	O
and	O
thus	O
improved	O
treatment	O
efficacy	O
in	O
critical	B-DISO
illness	I-DISO
.	O

For	O
cases	O
of	O
severe	O
illness	O
,	O
early	O
and	O
also	O
short	O
periods	B-PROC
of	O
moderate	O
glucocorticoid	B-CHED
was	O
supported	O
.	O

Conservative	O
oxygen	B-CHED
therapy	O
was	O
preferred	O
and	O
noninvasive	O
ventilation	O
was	O
not	O
recommended	O
.	O

Patients	O
with	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
should	O
be	O
strictly	O
supervised	O
with	O
cluster	O
ventilator	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
associated	I-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
prevention	O
strategies	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Surgical	O
treatment	O
strategy	O
for	O
digestive	B-ANAT
system	I-ANAT
malignancies	B-DISO
during	O
the	O
outbreak	O
of	O
novel	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
pneumonia	B-DISO
].	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Severe	O
fever	O
with	O
thrombocytopenia	O
syndrome	B-DISO
(	O
SFTS	O
)	O
is	O
an	O
emerging	O
zoonosis	B-DISO
infected	O
by	O
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
SFTSV	O
)	O
in	O
central	O
and	O
eastern	O
China	O
,	O
which	O
is	O
associated	O
with	O
high	O
mortality	O
.	O

116	O
patients	O
with	O
SFTSV	O
infection	B-DISO
were	O
included	O
(	O
mean	O
age	O
63	O
±	O
9	O
years	O
,	O
59	O
[	O
51	O
.	O
3	O
%]	O
males	O
).	O

Non	O
-	O
survivors	O
(	O
43	O
.	O
1	O
%)	O
were	O
older	O
,	O
and	O
had	O
lower	O
Glasgow	O
Coma	B-DISO
Score	O
(	O
GCS	O
),	O
higher	O
Acute	O
Physiology	O
and	O
Chronic	O
Health	O
Evaluation	O
II	O
(	O
APACHE	O
II	O
)	O
and	O
sequential	O
organ	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
assessment	O
(	O
SOFA	O
)	O
score	O
at	O
ICU	O
admission	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Estimation	O
of	O
the	O
reproductive	B-PROC
number	O
of	O
novel	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
(	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
)	O
and	O
the	O
probable	O
outbreak	O
size	O
on	O
the	O
Diamond	O
Princess	O
cruise	O
ship	O
:	O
A	O
data	O
-	O
driven	O
analysis	O
.	O

We	O
fitted	B-DISO
the	O
reported	O
serial	O
interval	O
(	O
mean	O
and	O
standard	O
deviation	O
)	O
with	O
a	O
gamma	O
distribution	O
and	O
applied	O
""""	O
earlyR	O
""""	O
package	O
in	O
R	O
to	O
estimate	O
the	O
R0	O
in	O
the	O
early	O
stage	O
of	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
outbreak	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
The	O
Maximum	O
-	O
Likelihood	O
(	O
ML	O
)	O
value	O
of	O
R0	O
was	O
2	O
.	O
28	O
for	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
outbreak	O
at	O
the	O
early	O
stage	O
on	O
the	O
ship	O
.	O

AVNP2	O
also	O
alleviated	O
the	O
decline	O
of	O
long	B-PATH
-	I-PATH
term	I-PATH
potentiation	I-PATH
(	O
LTP	B-PROC
)	O
and	O
the	O
decreased	O
density	O
of	O
dendritic	B-COMP
spines	I-COMP
in	O
the	O
CA1	B-PRGE
region	I-PRGE
induced	O
by	O
C6	O
.	O

First	O
,	O
division	O
of	O
the	O
cumulative	O
number	O
of	O
deaths	B-PROC
by	O
that	O
of	O
cases	O
tends	O
to	O
underestimate	O
the	O
actual	O
risk	O
because	O
deaths	B-PROC
that	O
will	O
occur	O
have	O
not	O
yet	O
observed	O
,	O
and	O
so	O
the	O
delay	O
in	O
time	O
from	O
illness	O
onset	O
to	O
death	B-PROC
must	O
be	O
addressed	O
.	O

The	O
coronavirus	B-PRGE
3C	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
like	I-PRGE
protease	I-PRGE
(	O
3CL	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Chest	B-ANAT
Radiographic	O
and	O
CT	O
Findings	O
of	O
the	O
2019	B-DISO
Novel	I-DISO
Coronavirus	I-DISO
Disease	I-DISO
(	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
):	O
Analysis	O
of	O
Nine	O
Patients	O
Treated	O
in	O
Korea	O
.	O

As	O
part	O
of	O
a	O
multi	O
-	O
institutional	O
collaboration	O
coordinated	O
by	O
the	O
Korean	O
Society	O
of	O
Thoracic	B-DISO
Radiology	O
,	O
we	O
collected	O
nine	O
patients	O
with	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
infections	B-DISO
who	O
had	O
undergone	O
chest	B-ANAT
radiography	O
and	O
CT	O
scans	O
.	O

Patchy	O
to	O
confluent	O
lesions	O
were	O
primarily	O
distributed	O
in	O
the	O
lower	O
lobes	B-ANAT
(	O
CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
in	O
Korea	O
primarily	O
manifested	O
as	O
pure	B-FUNC
to	O
mixed	O
ground	O
-	O
glass	O
opacities	B-DISO
with	O
a	O
patchy	O
to	O
confluent	O
or	O
nodular	O
shape	O
in	O
the	O
bilateral	O
peripheral	O
posterior	O
lungs	B-ANAT
.	O

CT	O
showed	O
rapidly	O
progressing	O
peripheral	O
consolidations	O
and	O
ground	O
-	O
glass	O
opacities	B-DISO
in	O
both	O
lungs	B-ANAT
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Passengers	O
'	O
destinations	O
from	O
China	O
:	O
low	O
risk	O
of	O
Novel	B-SPEC
Coronavirus	I-SPEC
(	O
2019	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
nCoV	I-SPEC
)	O
transmission	O
into	O
Africa	O
and	O
South	O
America	O
.	O

Twenty	O
-	O
one	O
common	O
-	O
type	O
and	O
nine	O
severe	O
-	O
type	O
NCP	B-FUNC
patients	O
were	O
enrolled	O
.	O

The	O
breast	B-DISO
cancer	B-SPEC
patients	O
should	O
synthetically	O
consider	O
the	O
epidemic	O
prevention	O
situation	O
of	O
inhabitance	O
,	O
the	O
disease	O
stage	O
and	O
previous	O
therapeutic	O
schedule	O
to	O
decide	O
the	O
next	O
therapeutic	O
schedule	O
.	O

For	O
metastatic	B-DISO
colorectal	I-DISO
cancer	I-DISO
(	O
CRC	B-DISO
)	O
patients	O
,	O
maintenance	O
therapy	O
is	O
the	O
optimal	O
choice	O
.	O

60	O
%	O
to	O
93	O
%	O
of	O
cases	O
had	O
initial	O
positive	O
CT	O
consistent	O
with	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
prior	O
(	O
or	O
parallel	O
)	O
to	O
the	O
initial	O
positive	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
results	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Acute	B-DISO
Respiratory	I-DISO
Distress	I-DISO
Syndrome	I-DISO
in	O
the	O
forward	O
environment	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Coronavirus	B-DISO
Disease	I-DISO
2019	I-DISO
(	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
),	O
caused	O
by	O
a	O
novel	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
),	O
is	O
a	O
highly	O
contagious	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
.	O

The	O
expert	O
panel	O
of	O
airway	B-ANAT
management	O
in	O
Chinese	O
Society	O
of	O
Anaesthesiology	O
has	O
deliberated	O
and	O
drafted	O
this	O
recommendation	O
,	O
by	O
which	O
we	O
hope	O
to	O
guide	O
the	O
performance	O
of	O
endotracheal	O
intubation	O
by	O
frontline	O
anesthesiologists	O
and	O
critical	O
care	O
physicians	O
.	O

To	O
promote	O
the	O
data	O
sharing	O
and	O
make	O
all	O
relevant	O
information	O
of	O
2019	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
nCoV	I-SPEC
publicly	O
available	O
,	O
we	O
construct	O
the	O
2019	B-SPEC
Novel	I-SPEC
Coronavirus	I-SPEC
Resource	O
(	O
2019nCoVR	O
,	O
https	O
://	O
bigd	O
.	O
big	O
.	O
ac	O
.	O
cn	O
/	O
ncov	O
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Negative	O
Nasopharyngeal	B-ANAT
and	O
Oropharyngeal	B-ANAT
Swab	O
Does	O
Not	O
Rule	O
Out	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
.	O

We	O
could	O
learn	B-PROC
from	O
SARS	B-DISO
and	O
MERS	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Evolutionary	O
history	O
,	O
potential	O
intermediate	O
animal	B-SPEC
host	B-COMP
,	O
and	O
cross	O
-	O
species	B-SPEC
analyses	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	I-SPEC
CoV	I-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
2	I-SPEC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
The	O
neuroinvasive	O
potential	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV2	O
may	O
play	O
a	O
role	O
in	O
the	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
of	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
patients	O
.	O

Increasing	O
evidence	O
shows	O
that	O
coronaviruses	O
are	O
not	O
always	O
confined	O
to	O
the	O
respiratory	B-ANAT
tract	I-ANAT
and	O
that	O
they	O
may	O
also	O
invade	O
the	O
central	B-ANAT
nervous	I-ANAT
system	I-ANAT
inducing	O
neurological	O
diseases	O
.	O

The	O
infection	B-DISO
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
has	O
been	O
reported	O
in	O
the	O
brains	B-ANAT
from	O
both	O
patients	O
and	O
experimental	O
animals	B-SPEC
,	O
where	O
the	O
brainstem	B-ANAT
was	O
heavily	O
infected	O
.	O

Considering	O
the	O
high	O
similarity	O
between	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
and	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV2	I-PRGE
,	O
it	O
remains	O
to	O
make	O
clear	O
whether	O
the	O
potential	O
invasion	B-DISO
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV2	O
is	O
partially	O
responsible	O
for	O
the	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
of	O
patients	O
with	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Novel	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
:	O
an	O
overview	O
for	O
emergency	B-DISO
clinicians	O
ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Prior	O
to	O
the	O
global	O
outbreak	O
of	O
SARS	O
-	O
CoV	O
in	O
2003	O
,	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
229E	I-SPEC
and	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
OC43	I-SPEC
were	O
the	O
only	O
coronaviruses	O
known	O
to	O
infect	O
humans	B-SPEC
.	O

It	O
has	O
also	O
brought	O
great	O
challenges	O
to	O
the	O
treatment	O
of	O
patients	O
with	O
cancer	B-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Recent	O
evidence	O
suggest	O
that	O
dysregulation	O
of	O
the	O
tumor	B-DISO
suppressor	I-PROC
P53	I-PRGE
,	O
in	O
combination	O
with	O
disharmonious	O
activities	O
of	O
the	O
small	O
GTPase	O
RhoA	O
,	O
may	O
lead	O
to	O
irreversible	O
progression	O
of	O
human	B-SPEC
disease	O
.	O

The	O
purpose	O
of	O
the	O
present	O
study	O
is	O
to	O
communicate	O
the	O
most	O
recent	O
information	O
regarding	O
the	O
highly	O
interrelated	O
P53	B-PRGE
/	O
RhoA	B-PRGE
network	O
.	O

Of	O
710	O
patients	O
with	O
SARS	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
CoV	I-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
2	I-SPEC
pneumonia	B-DISO
,	O
52	O
critically	B-DISO
ill	I-DISO
adult	O
patients	O
were	O
included	O
.	O

Thereafter	O
,	O
the	O
prevalence	O
of	O
ground	O
-	O
glass	O
opacities	B-DISO
continued	O
to	O
decrease	O
(	O
17	O
[	O
57	O
%]	O
of	O
30	O
patients	O
in	O
group	O
3	O
,	O
and	O
five	O
[	O
33	O
%]	O
of	O
15	O
in	O
group	O
4	O
),	O
and	O
consolidation	O
and	O
mixed	O
patterns	O
became	O
more	O
frequent	O
(	O
12	O
[	O
40	O
%]	O
in	O
group	O
3	O
,	O
eight	O
[	O
53	O
%]	O
in	O
group	O
4	O
).	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
An	O
outbreak	O
of	O
coronavirus	O
disease	O
2019	O
(	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
)	O
caused	O
by	O
the	O
2019	B-SPEC
novel	I-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
)	O
began	O
in	O
Wuhan	O
,	O
Hubei	O
Province	O
,	O
China	O
in	O
December	O
2019	O
,	O
and	O
has	O
spread	O
throughout	O
China	O
and	O
to	O
31	O
other	O
countries	O
and	O
territories	O
,	O
including	O
the	O
United	O
States	O
(	O
1	O
).	O

There	O
have	O
been	O
2	O
,	O
462	O
associated	O
deaths	B-PROC
worldwide	O
;	O
no	O
deaths	B-PROC
have	O
been	O
reported	O
in	O
the	O
United	O
States	O
.	O

Although	O
these	O
measures	O
might	O
not	O
prevent	O
widespread	O
transmission	O
of	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
in	O
the	O
United	O
States	O
,	O
they	O
are	O
being	O
implemented	O
to	O
1	O
)	O
slow	O
the	O
spread	O
of	O
illness	O
;	O
2	O
)	O
provide	O
time	O
to	O
better	O
prepare	O
state	O
and	O
local	O
health	O
departments	O
,	O
health	O
care	O
systems	O
,	O
businesses	O
,	O
educational	O
organizations	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
general	O
public	O
in	O
the	O
event	O
that	O
widespread	O
transmission	O
occurs	O
;	O
and	O
3	O
)	O
better	O
characterize	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
to	O
guide	O
public	O
health	O
recommendations	O
and	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
and	O
deployment	O
of	O
medical	O
countermeasures	O
,	O
including	O
diagnostics	O
,	O
therapeutics	O
,	O
and	O
vaccines	O
.	O

As	O
more	O
is	O
learned	B-PROC
about	O
this	O
novel	O
virus	B-SPEC
and	O
this	O
outbreak	O
,	O
CDC	O
will	O
rapidly	O
incorporate	O
new	O
knowledge	O
into	O
guidance	O
for	O
action	O
by	O
CDC	O
,	O
state	O
and	O
local	O
health	O
departments	O
,	O
health	O
care	O
providers	O
,	O
and	O
communities	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Disposable	O
DNA	B-PROC
Amplification	I-PROC
Chips	O
with	O
Integrated	O
Low	O
-	O
Cost	O
Heaters	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
beginning	O
of	O
2020	O
has	O
seen	O
the	O
emergence	O
of	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
outbreak	O
caused	O
by	O
a	O
novel	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
,	O
Severe	B-SPEC
Acute	I-SPEC
Respiratory	I-SPEC
Syndrome	I-SPEC
Coronavirus	I-SPEC
2	I-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
).	O

There	O
is	O
an	O
imminent	O
need	O
to	O
better	O
understand	O
this	O
new	O
virus	B-SPEC
and	O
to	O
develop	O
ways	O
to	O
control	O
its	O
spread	O
.	O

In	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
we	O
sought	O
to	O
gain	O
insights	O
for	O
vaccine	O
design	O
against	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
by	O
considering	O
the	O
high	O
genetic	O
similarity	O
between	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
and	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
,	O
which	O
caused	O
the	O
outbreak	O
in	O
2003	O
,	O
and	O
leveraging	O
existing	O
immunological	O
studies	O
of	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
.	O
By	O
screening	O
the	O
experimentally	O
-	O
determined	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
-	O
derived	O
B	B-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
and	O
T	B-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
epitopes	O
in	O
the	O
immunogenic	O
structural	O
proteins	B-CHED
of	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
,	O
we	O
identified	O
a	O
set	O
of	O
B	B-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
and	O
T	B-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
epitopes	O
derived	O
from	O
the	O
spike	O
(	O
S	O
)	O
and	O
nucleocapsid	B-COMP
(	O
N	O
)	O
proteins	B-CHED
that	O
map	O
identically	O
to	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
proteins	B-CHED
.	O

Two	O
other	O
coronavirus	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
-	O
SARS	B-DISO
in	O
2002	O
-	O
2003	O
and	O
Middle	O
East	O
Respiratory	O
Syndrome	B-DISO
(	O
MERS	O
)	O
in	O
2012	O
-	O
both	O
caused	O
severe	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
in	O
humans	B-SPEC
.	O

In	O
this	O
review	O
,	O
we	O
detail	O
current	O
evidence	O
and	O
understanding	O
of	O
the	O
transmission	O
of	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
,	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
,	O
and	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
through	O
blood	B-ANAT
products	O
as	O
of	O
February	O
10	O
,	O
2020	O
,	O
and	O
also	O
discuss	O
pathogen	O
inactivation	B-DISO
methods	O
on	O
coronaviruses	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
pneumonia	O
caused	O
by	O
the	O
2019	B-SPEC
novel	I-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
,	O
also	O
called	O
2019	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
nCoV	I-SPEC
)	O
recently	O
break	O
out	O
in	O
Wuhan	O
,	O
China	O
,	O
and	O
was	O
named	O
as	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
.	O

Of	O
all	O
included	O
patients	O
,	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
presented	O
with	O
ground	O
glass	O
opacities	B-DISO
in	O
65	O
(	O
72	O
%),	O
consolidation	O
in	O
12	O
(	O
13	O
%),	O
crazy	O
paving	O
pattern	O
in	O
11	O
(	O
12	O
%),	O
interlobular	O
thickening	O
in	O
33	O
(	O
37	O
%),	O
adjacent	O
pleura	B-DISO
thickening	I-DISO
in	O
50	O
(	O
56	O
%),	O
and	O
linear	O
opacities	B-DISO
combined	O
in	O
55	O
(	O
61	O
%).	O

In	O
addition	O
,	O
baseline	O
chest	B-ANAT
CT	O
did	O
not	O
show	O
any	O
abnormalities	O
in	O
21	O
patients	O
(	O
23	O
%),	O
but	O
3	O
patients	O
presented	O
bilateral	O
ground	O
glass	O
opacities	B-DISO
on	O
the	O
second	O
CT	O
after	O
3	O
-	O
4	O
days	O
.	O

Multiple	O
patchy	O
ground	O
glass	O
opacities	B-DISO
in	O
bilateral	O
multiple	O
lobular	O
with	O
periphery	O
distribution	O
are	O
typical	O
chest	B-ANAT
CT	O
imaging	O
features	O
of	O
the	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
.	O

Between	O
October	O
2015	O
and	O
March	O
2016	O
,	O
consecutive	O
ICU	O
patients	O
with	O
virology	O
-	O
proven	O
influenza	B-DISO
infections	B-DISO
who	O
fulfilled	O
ARDS	B-DISO
and	O
received	O
invasive	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
were	O
enrolled	O
.	O

Clinicians	O
should	O
be	O
cautious	O
while	O
using	O
corticosteroid	B-CHED
treatment	O
in	O
this	O
patient	O
group	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Clinical	O
characteristics	O
of	O
hospitalized	O
patients	O
with	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
CoV	I-DISO
-	I-DISO
2	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
:	O
A	O
single	O
arm	B-ANAT
meta	B-SPEC
-	O
analysis	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Recently	O
,	O
a	O
novel	O
coronavirus	O
(	O
SARS	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
COV	I-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
2	I-SPEC
)	O
emerged	O
which	O
is	O
responsible	O
for	O
the	O
recent	O
outbreak	O
in	O
Wuhan	O
,	O
China	O
.	O

Since	O
its	O
release	B-PATH
in	O
2019	O
,	O
we	O
have	O
produced	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
typing	O
tools	O
for	O
emergent	O
viruses	B-SPEC
that	O
have	O
caused	O
large	O
outbreaks	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
Zika	O
and	O
Yellow	B-SPEC
Fever	I-SPEC
Virus	I-SPEC
in	O
Brazil	O
.	O

The	O
tool	O
also	O
allows	O
tracking	O
of	O
new	O
viral	O
mutations	O
as	O
the	O
outbreak	O
expands	O
globally	O
,	O
which	O
may	O
help	O
to	O
accelerate	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
novel	O
diagnostics	O
,	O
drugs	O
and	O
vaccines	O
to	O
stop	O
the	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
disease	O
.	O

https	O
://	O
www	O
.	O
genomedetective	O
.	O
com	B-PRGE
/	O
app	B-PRGE
/	O
typingtool	O
/	O
cov	O
.	O

Diarrhea	B-DISO
was	O
uncommon	O
(	O
3	O
.	O
8	O
%).	O

On	O
admission	O
,	O
ground	O
-	O
glass	O
opacity	B-DISO
was	O
the	O
most	O
common	O
radiologic	O
finding	O
on	O
chest	B-ANAT
computed	O
tomography	O
(	O
CT	O
)	O
(	O
56	O
.	O
4	O
%).	O

Lymphocytopenia	B-DISO
was	O
present	O
in	O
83	O
.	O
2	O
%	O
of	O
the	O
patients	O
on	O
admission	O
.	O

By	O
4	O
February	O
,	O
public	O
health	O
measures	O
such	O
as	O
removal	O
and	O
isolation	O
of	O
ill	B-DISO
passengers	O
and	O
quarantine	O
of	O
non	O
-	O
ill	B-DISO
passengers	O
were	O
implemented	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Clinical	O
Characteristics	O
of	O
Imported	O
Cases	O
of	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
in	O
Jiangsu	O
Province	O
:	O
A	O
Multicenter	O
Descriptive	O
Study	O
.	O

We	O
retrospectively	O
investigated	O
the	O
clinical	O
,	O
imaging	O
,	O
and	O
laboratory	O
characteristics	O
of	O
confirmed	O
cases	O
of	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
with	O
WHO	O
interim	O
guidance	O
in	O
three	O
Grade	O
ⅢA	O
hospitals	O
of	O
Jiangsu	O
from	O
Jan	B-PRGE
22	I-PRGE
to	O
Feb	O
14	O
,	O
2020	O
.	O

The	O
main	O
clinical	O
manifestations	O
of	O
the	O
patients	O
were	O
fever	B-PROC
and	O
cough	B-DISO
,	O
which	O
accounted	O
for	O
63	O
cases	O
(	O
78	O
.	O
75	O
%)	O
and	O
51	O
cases	O
(-	O
63	O
.	O
75	O
%)	O
respectively	O
.	O

Imaging	O
examination	O
showed	O
that	O
55	O
patients	O
(-	O
68	O
.	O
75	O
%)	O
showed	O
abnormal	O
,	O
25	O
cases	O
(	O
31	O
.	O
25	O
%)	O
had	O
no	O
abnormal	O
density	O
shadow	O
in	O
the	O
parenchyma	B-ANAT
of	O
both	O
lungs	B-ANAT
.	O

A	O
retrospective	O
analysis	O
was	O
performed	O
on	O
the	O
imaging	O
findings	O
of	O
patients	O
confirmed	O
with	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
who	O
had	O
chest	B-ANAT
CT	O
scanning	O
and	O
treatment	O
after	O
disease	O
onset	O
.	O

The	O
ongoing	O
outbreak	O
presents	O
a	O
challenge	O
for	O
modelers	O
,	O
as	O
limited	O
data	O
are	O
available	O
on	O
the	O
early	O
growth	B-PROC
trajectory	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
epidemiological	O
characteristics	O
of	O
the	O
novel	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
are	O
yet	O
to	O
be	O
fully	O
elucidated	O
.	O

Our	O
findings	O
suggest	O
that	O
the	O
containment	O
strategies	O
implemented	O
in	O
China	O
are	O
successfully	O
reducing	O
transmission	O
and	O
that	O
the	O
epidemic	O
growth	B-PROC
has	O
slowed	O
in	O
recent	O
days	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Potential	O
Rapid	O
Diagnostics	O
,	O
Vaccine	O
and	O
Therapeutics	O
for	O
2019	B-SPEC
Novel	I-SPEC
Coronavirus	I-SPEC
(	O
2019	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
nCoV	I-SPEC
):	O

It	O
is	O
timely	O
to	O
systematically	O
review	O
the	O
potential	O
of	O
these	O
interventions	O
,	O
including	O
those	O
for	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
-	O
Coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
and	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)-	O
CoV	O
,	O
to	O
guide	O
policymakers	O
globally	O
on	O
their	O
prioritization	O
of	O
resources	O
for	O
research	O
and	O
development	B-PROC
.	O

The	O
virus	B-SPEC
was	O
named	O
as	O
severe	B-SPEC
acute	I-SPEC
respiratory	I-SPEC
syndrome	I-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
2	I-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
CoV	I-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
2	I-SPEC
)	O
by	O
International	O
Committee	O
on	O
Taxonomy	O
of	O
Viruses	B-SPEC
on	O
11	O
February	O
,	O
2020	O
.	O

In	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
we	O
developed	O
a	O
Bats	B-SPEC
-	O
Hosts	B-COMP
-	O
Reservoir	O
-	O
People	O
transmission	O
network	O
model	O
for	O
simulating	O
the	O
potential	O
transmission	O
from	O
the	O
infection	B-DISO
source	O
(	O
probably	O
be	O
bats	B-SPEC
)	O
to	O
the	O
human	B-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
We	O
reported	O
two	O
cases	O
with	O
community	O
-	O
acquired	O
pneumonia	O
caused	O
by	O
severe	B-SPEC
acute	I-SPEC
respiratory	I-SPEC
syndrome	I-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
2	I-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
CoV	I-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
2	I-SPEC
)	O
who	O
returned	O
from	O
Wuhan	O
,	O
China	O
in	O
January	O
,	O
2020	O
.	O

Therefore	O
,	O
we	O
developed	O
an	O
online	O
follow	O
-	O
up	O
program	O
for	O
convenient	O
monitoring	O
of	O
bilirubin	B-CHED
level	O
of	O
newborns	O
that	O
is	O
based	O
on	O
our	O
practical	O
experiences	O
.	O

Thus	O
,	O
this	O
study	O
aimed	O
to	O
examine	O
the	O
correlation	O
between	O
the	O
spatial	O
distribution	O
of	O
primary	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
cases	O
with	O
or	O
without	O
a	O
history	O
of	O
camel	B-SPEC
exposure	O
reported	O
between	O
2012	O
and	O
2019	O
and	O
dromedary	B-SPEC
camels	B-SPEC
at	O
the	O
provincial	O
level	O
in	O
Saudi	O
Arabia	O
.	O

Furthermore	O
,	O
spatial	O
correlations	O
between	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
cases	O
and	O
camel	B-SPEC
sex	O
,	O
age	O
and	O
dairy	O
status	O
were	O
significant	O
.	O

Although	O
oncologists	O
are	O
not	O
fighting	O
on	O
the	O
front	O
line	O
to	O
against	O
the	O
epidemic	O
,	O
during	O
this	O
special	O
period	O
,	O
we	O
should	O
not	O
only	O
protect	O
patients	O
,	O
their	O
families	O
and	O
medical	O
staff	O
from	O
the	O
infection	B-DISO
of	O
novel	B-SPEC
Coronavirus	I-SPEC
,	O
but	O
also	O
minimize	O
the	O
impact	O
of	O
the	O
epidemic	O
on	O
the	O
diagnosis	O
and	O
the	O
treatment	O
of	O
patients	O
with	O
cancer	B-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Little	O
is	O
known	O
about	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
outside	O
Hubei	O
.	O

Most	O
patients	O
presented	O
with	O
a	O
mild	O
infection	B-DISO
in	O
our	O
study	O
.	O

The	O
imaging	O
pattern	O
of	O
multifocal	O
peripheral	O
ground	O
glass	O
or	O
mixed	O
opacity	B-DISO
with	O
predominance	O
in	O
the	O
lower	O
lung	B-ANAT
is	O
highly	O
suspicious	O
of	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
in	O
the	O
first	O
week	O
of	O
disease	O
onset	O
.	O

The	O
follow	O
-	O
up	O
with	O
chest	B-ANAT
X	O
-	O
Rays	B-SPEC
and	O
CT	O
scans	O
was	O
also	O
included	O
,	O
showing	O
a	O
progressive	O
adult	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
).	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Moderate	O
to	O
severe	O
progression	O
of	O
the	O
lung	B-ANAT
infiltrates	B-DISO
,	O
with	O
increasing	O
percentage	O
of	O
high	O
-	O
density	O
infiltrates	B-DISO
sustained	O
by	O
a	O
bilateral	O
and	O
multi	O
-	O
segmental	O
extension	O
of	O
lung	B-ANAT
opacities	B-DISO
,	O
were	O
seen	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Coronavirus	B-SPEC
disease	O
(	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
)	O
is	O
caused	O
by	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
COV2	O
and	O
represents	O
the	O
causative	O
agent	O
of	O
a	O
potentially	O
fatal	O
disease	O
that	O
is	O
of	O
great	O
global	O
public	O
health	O
concern	O
.	O

In	O
the	O
second	O
step	O
we	O
searched	O
Chinese	O
herbal	O
databases	O
to	O
identify	O
plants	B-SPEC
containing	O
the	O
selected	O
compounds	O
.	O

Plants	B-SPEC
containing	O
2	O
or	O
more	O
of	O
the	O
compounds	O
identified	O
in	O
our	O
screen	O
were	O
then	O
checked	O
against	O
the	O
catalogue	O
for	O
classic	O
herbal	O
usage	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Corona	B-SPEC
Virus	B-SPEC
International	O
Public	O
Health	O
Emergencies	B-DISO
:	O
Implications	O
for	O
Radiology	O
Management	O
.	O

This	O
article	O
discusses	O
how	O
radiology	O
departments	O
can	O
most	O
effectively	O
respond	O
to	O
this	O
public	O
health	O
emergency	B-DISO
.	O

Hyaline	B-DISO
membranes	B-ANAT
were	O
not	O
prominent	O
.	O

The	O
differential	O
counts	O
of	O
white	B-ANAT
blood	I-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
were	O
analyzed	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Advances	O
in	O
the	O
research	O
of	O
cytokine	B-DISO
storm	I-DISO
mechanism	O
induced	O
by	O
Corona	B-DISO
Virus	B-PROC
Disease	I-PROC
2019	I-DISO
and	O
the	O
corresponding	O
immunotherapies	O
].	O

In	O
the	O
later	O
stage	O
of	O
disease	O
,	O
some	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
patients	O
may	O
develop	O
into	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
or	O
even	O
multiple	B-DISO
organ	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
.	O

We	O
analyzed	O
the	O
data	O
of	O
patients	O
who	O
received	O
corticosteroids	B-CHED
within	O
7	O
days	O
of	O
the	O
onset	O
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
between	O
June	O
2006	O
and	O
December	O
2015	O
at	O
a	O
single	O
tertiary	O
teaching	O
hospital	O
.	O

The	O
author	O
had	O
the	O
opportunity	O
to	O
examine	O
the	O
infectivity	O
of	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
during	O
the	O
incubation	O
period	O
by	O
conducting	B-PROC
an	O
epidemiological	O
survey	O
on	O
a	O
confirmed	O
patient	O
who	O
had	O
visited	O
Jeju	O
Island	O
during	O
the	O
incubation	O
period	O
.	O

The	O
epidemiological	O
findings	O
support	O
the	O
claim	O
that	O
the	O
COVID	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
19	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
does	O
not	O
have	O
infectivity	O
during	O
the	O
incubation	O
period	O
.	O

The	O
disease	O
condition	B-DISO
of	O
the	O
main	O
children	O
was	O
mild	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Novel	O
Insights	O
Into	O
Immune	B-ANAT
Systems	I-ANAT
of	O
Bats	B-SPEC
.	O

Mice	B-SPEC
were	O
then	O
placed	O
on	O
high	O
-	O
volume	O
MV	O
(	O
30	O
ml	O
/	O
kg	O
with	O
3	O
cmH	B-DISO

While	O
vaccine	O
research	O
should	O
be	O
pursued	O
intensely	O
,	O
there	O
exists	O
today	O
no	O
therapy	O
to	O
treat	O
2019	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
nCoV	I-SPEC
upon	O
infection	B-DISO
,	O
despite	O
an	O
urgent	O
need	O
to	O
find	O
options	O
to	O
help	O
these	O
patients	O
and	O
preclude	O
potential	O
death	B-PROC
.	O

I	O
consider	O
the	O
options	O
of	O
drug	O
repurposing	O
,	O
developing	O
neutralizing	O
monoclonal	O
antibody	B-COMP
therapy	O
,	O
and	O
an	O
oligonucleotide	B-CHED
strategy	O
targeting	B-PROC
the	O
viral	O
RNA	O
genome	O
,	O
emphasizing	O
the	O
promise	O
and	O
pitfalls	O
of	O
these	O
approaches	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
With	O
the	O
increasing	O
number	O
of	O
cases	O
and	O
widening	O
geographical	O
spread	O
,	O
the	O
2019	B-DISO
novel	I-DISO
coronavirus	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
(	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
)	O
has	O
been	O
classified	O
as	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
class	B-SPEC
B	O
infectious	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
but	O
prevented	O
and	O
controlled	O
as	O
class	B-SPEC
A	O
infectious	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
by	O
the	O
National	O
Health	O
Commission	O
of	O
China	O
.	O

The	O
chest	B-ANAT
CT	O
images	O
and	O
clinical	O
data	O
of	O
them	O
were	O
reviewed	O
and	O
compared	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Compared	O
with	O
the	O
ordinary	O
patients	O
,	O
the	O
severe	O
/	O
critical	O
patients	O
had	O
older	O
ages	O
,	O
higher	O
incidence	O
of	O
comorbidities	O
,	O
cough	B-DISO
,	O
expectoration	B-ANAT
,	O
chest	B-DISO
pain	I-DISO
and	O
dyspnea	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
persistence	O
and	O
clearance	O
of	O
viral	O
RNA	O
from	O
different	O
specimens	O
of	O
patients	O
with	O
2019	B-DISO
novel	I-DISO
coronavirus	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
(	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
)	O
remain	O
unclear	O
.	O

The	O
clinical	O
data	O
and	O
laboratory	O
test	O
results	O
of	O
convalescent	O
patients	O
with	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
who	O
were	O
admitted	O
to	O
from	O
January	O
20	O
,	O
2020	O
to	O
February	O
10	O
,	O
2020	O
were	O
collected	O
retrospectively	O
.	O

After	O
in	O
-	O
hospital	O
treatment	O
,	O
patients	O
'	O
inflammatory	O
indicators	O
decreased	O
with	O
improved	O
clinical	O
condition	B-DISO
.	O

In	O
brief	O
,	O
as	O
the	O
clearance	O
of	O
viral	O
RNA	O
in	O
patients	O
'	O
stools	B-ANAT
was	O
delayed	O
compared	O
to	O
that	O
in	O
oropharyngeal	B-ANAT
swabs	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
important	O
to	O
identify	O
viral	O
RNA	O
in	O
feces	B-ANAT
during	O
convalescence	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Analysis	O
of	O
factors	O
associated	O
with	O
disease	O
outcomes	O
in	O
hospitalized	O
patients	O
with	O
2019	B-SPEC
novel	I-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
disease	I-DISO
.	O

For	O
all	O
the	O
78	O
patients	O
,	O
fever	B-PROC
was	O
the	O
most	O
common	O
initial	O
symptom	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
the	O
maximum	O
body	B-ANAT
temperature	O
at	O
admission	O
was	O
significantly	O
higher	O
in	O
the	O
progression	O
group	O
than	O
in	O
the	O
improvement	O
/	O
stabilization	O
group	O
(	O
38	O
.	O
2	O
[	O
37	O
.	O
8	O
,	O
38	O
.	O
6	O
]	O
vs	O
.	O
37	O
.	O
5	O
[	O
37	O
.	O
0	O
,	O
38	O
.	O
4	O
]°	O
C	O
,	O
U	O
=	O
2	O
.	O
057	O
,	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
027	O
).	O

Several	O
factors	O
that	O
led	O
to	O
the	O
progression	O
of	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
were	O
identified	O
,	O
including	O
age	O
,	O
history	O
of	O
smoking	O
,	O
maximum	O
body	B-ANAT
temperature	O
on	O
admission	O
,	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
,	O
albumin	B-PRGE
,	O
C	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
reactive	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
ongoing	O
new	O
coronavirus	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
(	O
Corona	B-DISO
Virus	B-PROC
Disease	I-PROC
2019	I-DISO
,	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
)	O
outbreak	O
is	O
spreading	O
in	O
China	O
,	O
but	O
it	O
has	O
not	O
yet	O
reached	O
its	O
peak	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
The	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
confirmed	O
and	O
death	B-PROC
cases	O
in	O
Hubei	O
province	O
accounted	O
for	O
59	O
.	O
91	O
%	O
(	O
5806	O
/	O
9692	O
)	O
and	O
95	O
.	O
77	O
%	O
(	O
204	O
/	O
213	O
)	O
of	O
the	O
total	O
cases	O
in	O
China	O
respectively	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenation	B-PROC
is	O
associated	O
with	O
a	O
coagulopathy	B-DISO
characterized	O
by	O
thromboembolic	O
and	O
hemorrhagic	O
complications	O
.	O

This	O
study	O
aimed	O
to	O
characterize	O
the	O
pathomechanism	O
of	O
the	O
extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenation	B-PROC
-	O
associated	O
coagulopathy	B-DISO
and	O
identify	O
options	O
to	O
optimize	O
its	O
monitoring	O
and	O
therapy	O
.	O

Fibrinogen	B-COMP
levels	O
,	O
fibrin	O
polymerization	O
,	O
platelet	B-PROC
activation	I-PROC
,	O
and	O
microparticle	B-PROC
release	I-PROC
were	O
increased	O
in	O
venovenous	O
extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenation	B-PROC
compared	O
to	O
venoarterial	O
extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenation	B-PROC
patients	O
.	O

It	O
is	O
characterized	O
by	O
individual	O
changes	O
of	O
coagulation	B-PROC
parameters	O
and	O
platelets	B-ANAT
and	O
is	O
aggravated	O
by	O
anticoagulants	B-CHED
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
We	O
presented	O
a	O
case	O
of	O
a	O
30	O
-	O
week	O
pregnant	O
woman	O
with	O
COVID	O
-	O
19	O
delivering	O
a	O
healthy	O
baby	O
with	O
no	O
evidence	O
of	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
.	O

We	O
used	O
the	O
model	O
to	O
quantify	O
the	O
potential	O
effectiveness	O
of	O
contact	O
tracing	O
and	O
isolation	O
of	O
cases	O
at	O
controlling	O
a	O
severe	B-SPEC
acute	I-SPEC
respiratory	I-SPEC
syndrome	I-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
2	I-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
CoV	I-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
2	I-SPEC
)-	O
like	O
pathogen	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Asymptomatic	O
novel	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
pneumonia	B-DISO
patient	O
outside	O
Wuhan	O
:	O
The	O
value	O
of	O
CT	O
images	O
in	O
the	O
course	O
of	O
the	O
disease	O
.	O

This	O
is	O
being	O
emphasised	O
as	O
the	O
outbreak	O
gains	O
ground	O
in	O
other	O
countries	O
,	O
leading	O
towards	O
a	O
global	O
health	O
emergency	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
as	O
global	O
collaboration	O
is	O
sought	O
in	O
numerous	O
quarters	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Epidemiological	O
Identification	O
of	O
A	O
Novel	O
Pathogen	O
in	O
Real	O
Time	O
:	O
Analysis	O
of	O
the	O
Atypical	B-DISO
Pneumonia	I-DISO
Outbreak	O
in	O
Wuhan	O
,	O
China	O
,	O
2019	O
-	O
2020	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Virological	O
tests	O
have	O
now	O
shown	O
conclusively	O
that	O
a	O
novel	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
is	O
causing	O
the	O
2019	O
-	O
2020	O
atypical	B-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
outbreak	O
in	O
Wuhan	O
,	O
China	O
.	O

We	O
hope	O
our	O
initial	O
experience	O
in	O
stepping	B-DISO
up	O
infection	B-DISO
control	O
measures	O
for	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
in	O
ophthalmology	O
can	O
help	O
ophthalmologists	O
globally	O
to	O
prepare	O
for	O
the	O
potential	O
community	O
outbreak	O
or	O
pandemic	O
.	O

In	O
order	B-SPEC
to	O
minimise	O
transmission	O
of	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
,	O
ophthalmologists	O
should	O
work	O
closely	O
with	O
local	O
infection	B-DISO
control	O
teams	O
to	O
implement	O
infection	B-DISO
control	O
measures	O
that	O
are	O
appropriate	O
for	O
their	O
own	O
clinical	O
settings	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
confirmed	O
and	O
suspected	O
cases	O
of	O
the	O
2019	O
novel	O
coronavirus	O
disease	O
(	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
)	O
have	O
increased	O
not	O
only	O
in	O
Wuhan	O
,	O
Hubei	O
Province	O
but	O
also	O
China	O
and	O
the	O
world	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
There	O
is	O
an	O
obvious	O
concern	O
globally	O
regarding	O
the	O
fact	O
about	O
the	O
emerging	O
coronavirus	O
2019	B-SPEC
novel	I-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
(	O
2019	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
nCoV	I-SPEC
)	O
as	O
a	O
worldwide	O
public	O
health	O
threat	O
.	O

As	O
the	O
outbreak	O
of	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
causes	O
by	O
the	O
severe	B-SPEC
acute	I-SPEC
respiratory	I-SPEC
syndrome	I-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
2	I-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
CoV	I-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
2	I-SPEC
)	O
progresses	O
within	O
China	O
and	O
beyond	O
,	O
rapidly	O
available	O
epidemiological	O
data	O
are	O
needed	O
to	O
guide	O
strategies	O
for	O
situational	O
awareness	O
and	O
intervention	O
.	O

The	O
recent	O
outbreak	O
of	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
in	O
Wuhan	O
,	O
China	O
,	O
caused	O
by	O
the	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
emphasizes	O
the	O
importance	O
of	O
analyzing	O
the	O
epidemiological	O
data	O
of	O
this	O
novel	O
virus	B-SPEC
and	O
predicting	O
their	O
risks	O
of	O
infecting	O
people	O
all	O
around	O
the	O
globe	B-ANAT
.	O

In	O
response	O
to	O
the	O
above	O
questions	O
,	O
we	O
put	O
forward	O
corresponding	O
suggestions	O
and	O
reflections	O
from	O
the	O
perspective	O
of	O
the	O
infectious	B-DISO
clinician	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Individualized	O
treatment	O
recommendations	O
for	O
lung	B-DISO
cancer	B-SPEC
patients	O
at	O
different	O
stages	O
of	O
treatment	O
during	O
the	O
outbreak	O
of	O
2019	O
novel	O
coronavirus	O
disease	O
epidemic	O
].	O

Given	O
the	O
systemic	O
immunosuppressive	O
state	O
caused	O
by	O
malignancy	B-DISO
and	O
anticancer	O
treatments	O
,	O
patients	O
with	O
advanced	O
lung	B-DISO
cancer	B-SPEC
may	O
be	O
at	O
a	O
higher	O
risk	O
of	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
.	O

During	O
epidemic	O
of	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
,	O
a	O
guideline	O
for	O
the	O
optimal	O
management	O
of	O
patients	O
with	O
advanced	O
lung	B-DISO
cancer	B-SPEC
urgently	O
needs	O
to	O
be	O
proposed	O
to	O
distinguish	O
the	O
symptoms	O
of	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
and	O
the	O
side	O
effects	O
of	O
antitumor	O
drugs	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Community	O
Transmission	O
of	O
Severe	B-SPEC
Acute	I-SPEC
Respiratory	I-SPEC
Syndrome	I-SPEC
Coronavirus	I-SPEC
2	I-SPEC
,	O
Shenzhen	O
,	O
China	O
,	O
2020	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Since	O
early	O
January	O
2020	O
,	O
after	O
the	O
outbreak	O
of	O
2019	B-DISO
novel	I-DISO
coronavirus	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
in	O
Wuhan	O
,	O
China	O
,	O
≈	O
365	O
confirmed	O
cases	O
have	O
been	O
reported	O
in	O
Shenzhen	O
,	O
China	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Severe	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
coronavirus	O
2	O
(	O
SARS	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
CoV	I-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
2	I-SPEC
)	O
emerged	O
in	O
Wuhan	O
,	O
China	O
,	O
in	O
December	O
2019	O
and	O
has	O
spread	O
globally	O
with	O
sustained	O
human	B-SPEC
-	O
to	O
-	O
human	B-SPEC
transmission	O
outside	O
China	O
.	O

Descriptive	O
case	O
series	O
of	O
the	O
first	O
18	O
patients	O
diagnosed	O
with	O
polymerase	O
chain	O
reaction	O
(	O
PCR	O
)-	O
confirmed	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
CoV	I-DISO
-	I-DISO
2	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
at	O
4	O
hospitals	O
in	O
Singapore	O
from	O
January	O
23	O
to	O
February	O
3	O
,	O
2020	O
;	O
final	O
follow	O
-	O
up	O
date	O
was	O
February	O
25	O
,	O
2020	O
.	O

Clinical	O
course	O
was	O
summarized	O
,	O
including	O
requirement	O
for	O
supplemental	O
oxygen	B-CHED
and	O
intensive	O
care	O
and	O
use	O
of	O
empirical	O
treatment	O
with	O
lopinavir	O
-	O
ritonavir	O
.	O

Among	O
the	O
18	O
hospitalized	O
patients	O
with	O
PCR	O
-	O
confirmed	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
CoV	I-DISO
-	I-DISO
2	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
(	O
median	O
age	O
,	O
47	O
years	O
;	O
9	O
[	O
50	O
%]	O
women	O
),	O
clinical	O
presentation	O
was	O
an	O
upper	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
tract	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
in	O
12	O
(	O
67	O
%),	O
and	O
viral	B-DISO
shedding	I-DISO
from	O
the	O
nasopharynx	B-ANAT
was	O
prolonged	O
for	O
7	O
days	O
or	O
longer	O
among	O
15	O
(	O
83	O
%).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Understanding	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
-	O
Mediated	O
Inflammatory	B-DISO
Responses	I-DISO
:	O
From	O
Mechanisms	O
to	O
Potential	O
Therapeutic	O
Tools	O
.	O

We	O
performed	O
a	O
15	O
-	O
year	O
follow	O
-	O
up	O
on	O
the	O
lung	B-ANAT
and	O
bone	B-ANAT
conditions	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
.	O

Two	O
patients	O
died	B-PROC
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
78	O
were	O
enrolled	O
in	O
this	O
study	O
from	O
August	O
2003	O
to	O
March	O
2018	O
.	O

The	O
percentage	O
of	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
lesions	O
on	O
CT	O
scans	O
diminished	O
from	O
2003	O
(	O
9	O
.	O
40	O
±	O
7	O
.	O
83	O
)%	O
to	O
2004	O
(	O
3	O
.	O
20	O
±	O
4	O
.	O
78	O
)%	O
(	O

Developing	O
vaccines	O
against	O
the	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
virus	B-SPEC
may	O
take	O
many	O
months	O
.	O

The	O
median	O
number	O
of	O
intra	O
-	O
host	B-COMP
variants	O
was	O
1	O
-	O
4	O
in	O
SARS	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
CoV	I-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
2	I-SPEC
infected	O
patients	O
,	O
which	O
ranged	O
between	O
0	O
and	O
51	O
in	O
different	O
samples	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
very	O
few	O
intra	O
-	O
host	B-COMP
variants	O
were	O
observed	O
in	O
the	O
population	O
as	O
polymorphism	B-PROC
,	O
implying	O
either	O
a	O
bottleneck	O
or	O
purifying	O
selection	O
involved	O
in	O
the	O
transmission	O
of	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
,	O
or	O
a	O
consequence	O
of	O
the	O
limited	O
diversity	O
represented	O
in	O
the	O
current	O
polymorphism	B-PROC
data	O
.	O

The	O
microbiota	B-SPEC
in	O
SARS	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
CoV	I-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
2	I-SPEC
infected	O
patients	O
was	O
similar	O
to	O
those	O
in	O
CAP	B-DISO
,	O
either	O
dominated	O
by	O
the	O
pathogens	O
or	O
with	O
elevated	O
levels	O
of	O
oral	B-ANAT
and	O
upper	O
respiratory	O
commensal	O
bacteria	B-SPEC
.	O

Although	O
how	O
the	O
intra	O
-	O
host	B-COMP
variant	O
spreads	O
in	O
the	O
population	O
is	O
still	O
elusive	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
necessary	O
to	O
strengthen	O
the	O
surveillance	O
of	O
the	O
viral	O
evolution	B-PROC
in	O
the	O
population	O
and	O
associated	O
clinical	O
changes	O
.	O

One	O
of	O
these	O
novel	O
approaches	O
is	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
autologous	O
or	O
allogeneic	O
natural	O
killer	O
(	O
NK	O
)	O
cells	B-COMP
to	O
treat	O
cancer	B-DISO
.	O

In	O
addition	O
,	O
further	O
alterations	O
in	O
the	O
expression	B-PROC
of	O
activating	B-PRGE
and	I-PRGE
inhibitory	I-PRGE
receptors	I-PRGE
are	O
found	O
in	O
NK	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
from	O
cancer	B-DISO
patients	O
,	O
likely	O
because	O
of	O
their	O
interaction	O
with	O
tumour	B-DISO
cells	B-COMP
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
In	O
December	O
2019	O
,	O
a	O
novel	O
coronavirus	O
,	O
called	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
,	O
was	O
discovered	O
in	O
Wuhan	O
,	O
China	O
,	O
and	O
has	O
spread	O
to	O
different	O
cities	O
in	O
China	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
to	O
24	O
other	O
countries	O
.	O

Healthcare	O
workers	O
(	O
HCWs	O
)	O
are	O
at	O
high	O
risk	O
while	O
combating	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
at	O
the	O
very	O
frontline	O
,	O
and	O
nosocomial	O
outbreaks	O
among	O
HCWs	O
are	O
not	O
unusual	O
in	O
similar	O
settings	O
;	O
the	O
2003	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
outbreak	O
led	O
to	O
over	O
966	O
HCW	O
infections	B-DISO
with	O
1	O
.	O
4	O
%	O
deaths	B-PROC
in	O
mainland	O
China	O
[	O
2	O
].	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
describe	O
the	O
infection	B-DISO
control	O
preparedness	O
for	O
Coronavirus	B-SPEC
Disease	O
(	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
)	O
due	O
to	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
[	O
previously	O
known	O
as	O
2019	O
-	O
novel	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
]	O
in	O
the	O
first	O
42	O
days	O
after	O
announcement	O
of	O
a	O
cluster	O
of	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
in	O
China	O
,	O
on	O
31	O
December	O
2019	O
(	O
day	O
1	O
)	O
in	O
Hong	O
Kong	O
.	O

A	O
bundle	O
approach	O
of	O
active	O
and	O
enhanced	O
laboratory	O
surveillance	O
,	O
early	O
airborne	O
infection	B-DISO
isolation	O
,	O
rapid	O
molecular	O
diagnostic	O
testing	O
,	O
and	O
contact	O
tracing	O
for	O
healthcare	O
workers	O
(	O
HCWs	O
)	O
with	O
unprotected	O
exposure	O
in	O
the	O
hospitals	O
was	O
implemented	O
.	O

Environmental	O
surveillance	O
performed	O
in	O
a	O
patient	O
with	O
viral	O
load	O
of	O
3	O
.	O
3x106	O
copies	O
/	O
ml	O
(	O
pooled	O
nasopharyngeal	B-ANAT
/	O
throat	B-ANAT
swab	I-ANAT
)	O
and	O
5	O
.	O
9x106	O
copies	O
/	O
ml	O
(	O
saliva	B-ANAT
)	O
respectively	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Structural	O
basis	O
for	O
the	O
recognition	O
of	O
the	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
by	O
full	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
length	I-PRGE
human	I-PRGE
ACE2	I-PRGE
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Angiotensin	O
-	O
converting	O
enzyme	O
2	O
(	O
ACE2	B-PRGE
)	O
is	O
the	O
cellular	B-COMP
receptor	O
for	O
SARS	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
and	O
the	O
new	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
CoV	I-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
2	I-SPEC
)	O
that	O
is	O
causing	O
the	O
serious	O
epidemic	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
The	O
Effects	O
of	O
Social	O
Support	O
on	O
Sleep	B-PROC
Quality	O
of	O
Medical	O
Staff	O
Treating	O
Patients	O
with	O
Coronavirus	B-SPEC
Disease	I-DISO
2019	I-DISO
(	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
)	O
in	O
January	O
and	O
February	O
2020	O
in	O
China	O
.	O

MATERIAL	O
AND	O
METHODS	O
A	O
one	O
-	O
month	O
cross	O
-	O
sectional	O
observational	O
study	O
included	O
180	O
medical	O
staff	O
who	O
treated	O
patients	O
with	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
.	O

Levels	O
of	O
anxiety	O
were	O
significantly	O
associated	O
with	O
the	O
levels	O
of	O
stress	O
,	O
which	O
negatively	O
impacted	B-DISO
self	O
-	O
efficacy	O
and	O
sleep	B-PROC
quality	O
.	O

The	O
intubation	O
procedure	O
,	O
anesthetic	O
regimen	O
,	O
and	O
complication	B-DISO
were	O
collected	O
and	O
analyzed	O
.	O

The	O
mean	O
change	O
in	O
Pao	B-PROC
Fixed	B-ANAT
-	O
dose	O
iEPO	O
was	O
comparable	O
to	O
iNO	B-PRGE
in	O
patients	O
with	O
moderate	O
-	O
to	O
-	O
severe	O
ARDS	B-DISO
for	O
oxygenation	B-PROC
and	O
ventilation	O
parameters	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
clinical	O
outcomes	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
A	O
total	O
of	O
239	O
patients	O
were	O
included	O
with	O
139	O
(	O
58	O
.	O
2	O
%)	O
and	O
100	O
(	O
41	O
.	O
8	O
%)	O
in	O
the	O
iEPO	O
and	O
iNO	B-PRGE
groups	O
,	O
respectively	O
.	O

In	O
this	O
observational	O
study	O
,	O
airway	B-ANAT
secretions	B-ANAT
from	O
children	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
104	O
)	O
with	O
CF	O
presenting	O
with	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
exacerbations	O
were	O
collected	O
and	O
tested	O
for	O
bacteria	B-SPEC
,	O
fungi	B-SPEC
,	O
mycobacteria	B-SPEC
and	O
viral	O
pathogens	O
using	O
appropriate	O
laboratory	O
techniques	O
.	O

Non	O
-	O
tuberculous	B-DISO
mycobacteria	B-SPEC
were	O
not	O
isolated	O
,	O
whereas	O
infection	B-DISO
with	O
Bcc	O
and	O
Mycobacterium	B-SPEC
tuberculosis	I-SPEC
was	O
observed	O
,	O
which	O
could	O
probably	O
have	O
a	O
role	O
in	O
CF	O
morbidity	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Thirteen	O
pediatric	O
patients	O
(	O
13	O
/	O
20	O
,	O
65	O
%)	O
had	O
an	O
identified	O
history	O
of	O
close	O
contact	O
with	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
diagnosed	O
family	B-SPEC
members	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Perspectives	O
on	O
monoclonal	O
antibody	B-COMP
therapy	O
as	O
potential	O
therapeutic	O
intervention	O
for	O
Coronavirus	B-SPEC
disease	I-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
(	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
).	O

Ironically	O
,	O
even	O
after	O
a	O
decade	O
of	O
research	O
on	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
,	O
still	O
there	O
are	O
no	O
licensed	O
vaccines	O
or	O
therapeutic	O
agents	O
to	O
treat	O
coronavirus	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
which	O
highlights	O
an	O
urgent	O
need	O
to	O
develop	O
effective	O
vaccines	O
or	O
post	O
-	O
exposure	O
prophylaxis	O
to	O
prevent	O
future	O
epidemics	O
.	O

Follow	O
-	O
up	O
CT	O
findings	O
showed	O
progressive	O
opacifications	O
,	O
consolidation	O
,	O
interstitial	B-ANAT
thickening	O
,	O
fibrous	O
strips	O
and	O
air	B-CHED
bronchograms	O
,	O
compared	O
to	O
initial	O
CT	O
(	O
all	O
p	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
).	O

The	O
C	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
reactive	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
,	O
erythrocyte	B-ANAT
sedimentation	O
rate	O
and	O
lactate	B-PRGE
dehydrogenase	I-PRGE
showed	O
significantly	O
positive	O
correlation	O
with	O
the	O
severity	O
of	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
assessed	O
on	O
initial	O
CT	O
(	O
R	O
range	O
0	O
.	O
36	O
-	O
0	O
.	O
75	O
,	O
p	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
).	O

Both	O
epidemics	O
occurred	O
in	O
cold	B-DISO
dry	O
winter	O
seasons	O
celebrated	O
with	O
major	O
holidays	O
,	O
and	O
started	O
in	O
regions	O
where	O
dietary	O
consumption	O
of	O
wildlife	O
is	O
a	O
fashion	O
.	O

These	O
factors	O
are	O
discussed	O
in	O
different	O
scenarios	O
in	O
order	B-SPEC
to	O
promote	O
more	O
research	O
for	O
achieving	O
final	O
validation	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
The	O
2019	B-SPEC
Novel	I-SPEC
Coronavirus	I-SPEC
Outbreak	O
-	O
A	O
Global	O
Threat	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Influence	O
of	O
trust	O
on	O
two	O
different	O
risk	O
perceptions	O
as	O
an	O
affective	O
and	O
cognitive	O
dimension	O
during	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
outbreak	O
in	O
South	O
Korea	O
:	O
serial	O
cross	O
-	O
sectional	O
surveys	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Author	O
Correction	O
:	O
China	O
'	O
s	O
response	O
to	O
a	O
novel	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
stands	O
in	O
stark	O
contrast	O
to	O
the	O
2002	O
SARS	O
outbreak	O
response	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
such	O
sources	O
of	O
infection	B-DISO
cannot	O
be	O
effectively	O
identified	O
due	O
to	O
the	O
symptoms	O
absent	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
(	O
Novel	B-SPEC
Coronavirus	I-SPEC
2019	O
)	O
-	O
recent	O
trends	O
.	O

The	O
COVID	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
19	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
was	O
known	O
earlier	O
as	O
2019	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
nCoV	I-SPEC
.	O
As	O
of	O
12	O
February	O
2020	O
,	O
WHO	O
reported	O
45	O
,	O
171	O
cases	O
and	O
1115	O
deaths	B-PROC
related	O
to	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
.	O

This	O
study	O
aimed	O
at	O
investigating	O
the	O
global	O
prevalence	O
,	O
biological	O
and	O
clinical	O
characteristics	O
of	O
novel	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
,	O
Wuhan	O
China	O
(	O
2019	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
nCoV	I-SPEC
),	O
Severe	B-DISO
Acute	I-DISO
Respiratory	I-DISO
Syndrome	I-DISO
Coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
),	O
and	O
Middle	O
East	O
Respiratory	O
Syndrome	B-DISO
Coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
infection	B-DISO
outbreaks	O
.	O

The	O
fatality	O
rate	O
of	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
was	O
(	O
34	O
.	O
77	O
%)	O
higher	O
than	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
(	O
10	O
.	O
87	O
%)	O
and	O
2019	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
nCoV	I-SPEC
(	O
2	O
.	O
08	O
%);	O
however	O
,	O
the	O
2019	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
nCoV	I-SPEC
transmitted	B-DISO
rapidly	O
in	O
comparison	O
to	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
and	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
.	O
The	O
novel	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
2019	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
nCoV	I-SPEC
has	O
diverse	O
epidemiological	O
and	O
biological	O
characteristics	O
,	O
making	O
it	O
more	O
contagious	O
than	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
and	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
.	O
It	O
has	O
affected	O
more	O
people	O
in	O
a	O
short	O
time	O
period	O
compared	O
to	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
and	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
,	O
although	O
the	O
fatality	O
rate	O
of	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
was	O
higher	O
than	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
and	O
2019	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
nCoV	I-SPEC
.	O
The	O
major	O
clinical	O
manifestations	O
in	O
coronavirus	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
2019	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
nCoV	I-SPEC
,	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
,	O
and	O
SARS	B-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
are	O
fever	B-PROC
,	O
chills	B-DISO
,	O
cough	B-DISO
,	O
shortness	B-DISO
of	I-DISO
breath	I-DISO
,	O
generalized	O
myalgia	B-DISO
,	O
malaise	B-DISO
,	O
drowsy	O
,	O
diarrhea	B-DISO
,	O
confusion	B-DISO
,	O
dyspnea	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
2019	O
novel	O
coronavirus	O
(	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
),	O
which	O
originated	O
in	O
Wuhan	O
,	O
China	O
,	O
has	O
attracted	O
the	O
world	O
'	O
s	O
attention	O
over	O
the	O
last	O
month	O
.	O

The	O
Chinese	O
government	O
has	O
taken	O
emergency	B-DISO
measures	O
to	O
control	O
the	O
outbreak	O
and	O
has	O
undertaken	O
initial	O
steps	O
in	O
the	O
diagnosis	O
and	O
treatment	O
of	O
2019	B-DISO
novel	I-DISO
coronavirus	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
disease	O
(	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
).	O

Unravelling	O
which	O
cellular	B-COMP
factors	O
are	O
used	O
by	O
SARS	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
CoV	I-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
2	I-SPEC
for	O
entry	O
might	O
provide	O
insights	O
into	O
viral	B-PROC
transmission	I-PROC
and	O
reveal	O
therapeutic	O
targets	O
.	O

Here	O
,	O
we	O
demonstrate	O
that	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
uses	O
the	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
receptor	I-PRGE
ACE2	I-PRGE
for	O
entry	O
and	O
the	O
serine	B-PRGE
protease	I-PRGE
TMPRSS2	I-PRGE
for	O
S	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
priming	O
.	O

As	O
of	O
late	O
February	O
2020	O
,	O
tens	O
of	O
thousands	O
of	O
cases	O
and	O
several	O
thousand	O
deaths	B-PROC
have	O
been	O
reported	O
in	O
China	O
alone	O
,	O
in	O
addition	O
to	O
thousands	O
of	O
cases	O
in	O
other	O
countries	O
.	O

The	O
future	O
of	O
human	B-SPEC
CoV	O
outbreaks	O
will	O
not	O
only	O
depend	O
on	O
how	O
the	O
viruses	B-SPEC
will	O
evolve	O
,	O
but	O
will	O
also	O
depend	O
on	O
how	O
we	O
develop	O
efficient	O
prevention	O
and	O
treatment	O
strategies	O
to	O
deal	O
with	O
this	O
continuous	O
threat	O
.	O

This	O
viral	O
epidemic	O
in	O
China	O
has	O
led	O
to	O
the	O
deaths	B-PROC
of	O
over	O
1800	O
people	O
,	O
mostly	O
elderly	O
or	O
those	O
with	O
an	O
underlying	O
chronic	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
or	O
immunosuppressed	O
state	O
.	O

It	O
is	O
currently	O
believed	O
that	O
this	O
deadly	O
Coronavirus	B-SPEC
strain	O
originated	O
from	O
wild	O
animals	B-SPEC
at	O
the	O
Huanan	O
market	O
in	O
Wuhan	O
,	O
a	O
city	O
in	O
Hubei	O
province	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
clear	O
that	O
finding	O
an	O
effective	O
antiviral	B-CHED
and	O
developing	O
a	O
vaccine	O
are	O
still	O
significant	O
challenges	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
The	O
effect	O
of	O
travel	O
restrictions	O
on	O
the	O
spread	O
of	O
the	O
2019	B-SPEC
novel	I-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
(	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
)	O
outbreak	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Motivated	O
by	O
the	O
rapid	O
spread	O
of	O
COVID	O
-	O
19	O
in	O
Mainland	O
China	O
,	O
we	O
use	O
a	O
global	O
metapopulation	O
disease	B-DISO
transmission	I-DISO
model	O
to	O
project	O
the	O
impact	O
of	O
travel	O
limitations	O
on	O
the	O
national	O
and	O
international	O
spread	O
of	O
the	O
epidemic	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
A	O
conceptual	O
model	O
for	O
the	O
coronavirus	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
2019	I-DISO
(	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
)	O
outbreak	O
in	O
Wuhan	O
,	O
China	O
with	O
individual	O
reaction	O
and	O
governmental	O
action	O
.	O

We	O
propose	O
conceptual	O
models	O
for	O
the	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
outbreak	O
in	O
Wuhan	O
with	O
the	O
consideration	O
of	O
individual	O
behavioural	O
reaction	O
and	O
governmental	O
actions	O
,	O
e	O
.	O
g	O
.,	O
holiday	O
extension	O
,	O
travel	O
restriction	O
,	O
hospitalisation	O
and	O
quarantine	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
estimate	O
the	O
serial	O
interval	O
of	O
novel	O
coronavirus	O
(	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
)	O
from	O
information	O
on	O
28	O
infector	O
-	O
infectee	O
pairs	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Healing	B-PROC
the	O
schism	O
between	O
public	O
health	O
and	O
medicine	B-CHED
,	O
promoting	O
the	O
integration	B-PROC
of	O
prevention	O
and	O
treatment	O
].	O

By	O
interrupting	O
all	O
human	B-SPEC
-	O
to	O
-	O
human	B-SPEC
transmission	O
,	O
SARS	B-DISO
was	O
effectively	O
eradicated	O
.	O

The	O
data	O
showed	O
that	O
58	O
.	O
73	O
%	O
of	O
imported	O
camels	B-SPEC
and	O
25	O
%	O
of	O
traders	O
had	O
antibodies	B-COMP
specific	O
to	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
.	O
Interestingly	O
,	O
like	O
seroreactive	O
camels	B-SPEC
,	O
all	O
seropositive	O
humans	B-SPEC
were	O
apparently	O
healthy	O
without	O
any	O
history	O
of	O
developing	O
severe	O
respiratory	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
in	O
the	O
14	O
days	O
prior	O
to	O
sampling	O
.	O

Having	O
specific	O
antibodies	B-COMP
among	O
the	O
examined	O
camel	B-SPEC
sera	B-COMP
was	O
significantly	O
different	O
(	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
0001	O
)	O
in	O
relation	O
to	O
various	O
sampling	O
localities	O
,	O
gender	O
and	O
age	O
groups	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
novel	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
2019	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
nCoV	I-SPEC
first	O
appeared	O
in	O
December	O
2019	O
in	O
Wuhan	O
,	O
China	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Clinical	O
characteristics	O
of	O
24	O
asymptomatic	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
with	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
screened	O
among	O
close	O
contacts	O
in	O
Nanjing	O
,	O
China	O
.	O

Twelve	O
(	O
50	O
.	O
0	O
%)	O
cases	O
showed	O
typical	O
CT	O
images	O
of	O
ground	O
-	O
glass	O
chest	B-ANAT
and	O
5	O
(	O
20	O
.	O
8	O
%)	O
presented	O
stripe	O
shadowing	O
in	O
the	O
lungs	B-ANAT
.	O

None	O
of	O
the	O
24	O
cases	O
developed	O
severe	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
or	O
died	B-PROC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Of	O
chloroquine	B-CHED
and	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
.	O

This	O
case	O
highlights	O
the	O
importance	O
of	O
dynamic	O
surveillance	O
of	O
SARS	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
CoV	I-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
2	I-SPEC
RNA	O
for	O
infectivity	O
assessment	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Breakthroughs	O
in	O
global	O
critical	O
care	O
medicine	B-CHED
2019	O
].	O

In	O
addition	O
,	O
there	O
are	O
many	O
significantly	O
important	O
trials	O
with	O
positive	O
results	O
:	O
high	O
dose	O
vitamin	B-CHED
C	I-CHED
for	O
septic	B-DISO
shock	I-DISO
,	O
weaning	B-PROC
strategy	O
with	O
pressure	O
support	O
ventilation	O
(	O
PSV	O
)	O
mode	O
,	O
tranexamic	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
for	O
patients	O
with	O
acute	O
traumatic	O
brain	B-ANAT
injury	O
,	O
and	O
new	O
monoclonal	O
antibody	B-COMP
for	O
Ebola	B-DISO
virus	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
.	O

And	O
there	O
are	O
also	O
negatives	O
trials	O
as	O
following	O
:	O
individual	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
,	O
maximal	O
recruitment	B-DISO
open	O
lung	B-ANAT
ventilation	O
or	O
early	O
neuromuscular	B-DISO
blockade	I-DISO
for	O
moderate	O
-	O
to	O
-	O
severe	O
ARDS	B-DISO
,	O
N95	O
respirators	O
preventing	O
influenza	B-DISO
,	O
flexible	O
family	B-SPEC
visit	O
program	O
against	O
delirium	O
or	O
early	O
sedation	B-DISO
with	O
dexmedetomidine	B-CHED
to	O
mechanically	O
ventilated	O
patients	O
,	O
intensive	O
care	O
unit	O
(	O
ICU	O
)	O
diary	O
or	O
nurse	O
-	O
led	O
preventive	O
psychological	B-DISO
intervention	O
against	O
posttraumatic	B-DISO
stress	I-DISO
disorder	I-DISO
(	O
PTSD	B-DISO
)	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
,	O
recombinant	B-PRGE
human	I-PRGE
soluble	I-PRGE
thrombomodulin	I-PRGE
(	O
rhsTM	O
)	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
sepsis	B-DISO
-	O
associated	O
coagulopathy	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
so	O
on	O
.	O

Abdominal	B-ANAT
computerized	O
tomography	O
and	O
abdominal	B-ANAT
ultrasound	O
with	O
Doppler	O
were	O
unremarkable	O
.	O

The	O
virus	B-SPEC
replicated	O
in	O
Vero	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
and	O
cytopathic	B-DISO
effects	I-DISO
were	O
observed	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Early	O
Epidemiological	O
and	O
Clinical	O
Characteristics	O
of	O
28	O
Cases	O
of	O
Coronavirus	B-SPEC
Disease	O
in	O
South	O
Korea	O
.	O

Establishing	O
an	O
early	O
detection	O
strategy	O
for	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
is	O
crucial	O
for	O
managing	O
the	O
transmission	O
of	O
the	O
disease	O
.	O

ALI	O
progresses	O
to	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
fibrosis	I-DISO
(	O
PF	O
)	O
and	O
makes	O
patient	O
'	O
s	O
life	O
miserable	O
.	O

Apoptotic	O
markers	O
are	O
detectable	O
within	O
IPF	O
lung	B-ANAT
tissue	I-ANAT
and	O
senescent	O
cell	B-COMP
deletion	O
can	O
rejuvenate	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
health	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
drug	O
screening	O
using	O
live	O
2019	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
nCoV	I-SPEC
requires	O
high	O
-	O
level	O
biosafety	O
facilities	O
,	O
which	O
imposes	O
an	O
obstacle	O
for	O
those	O
without	O
such	O
facilities	O
or	O
2019	O
-	O
novel	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
(	O
2019	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
nCoV	I-SPEC
).	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
The	O
spike	O
protein	B-CHED
of	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
GX_P2V	O
shares	O
92	O
.	O
2	O
%	O
amino	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
identity	O
with	O
that	O
of	O
2019	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
nCoV	I-SPEC
isolate	O
Wuhan	O
-	O
hu	O
-	O
1	O
,	O
and	O
uses	O
ACE2	O
as	O
the	O
receptor	O
for	O
infection	B-DISO
just	O
like	O
2019	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
nCoV	I-SPEC
.	O
Three	O
drugs	O
-	O
cepharanthine	O
(	O
CEP	B-DISO
),	O
selamectin	O
and	O
mefloquine	B-CHED
hydrochloride	B-CHED
exhibited	O
complete	O
inhibition	B-PROC
of	O
cytopathic	B-DISO
effects	I-DISO
in	O
cell	B-COMP
culture	O
at	O
10	O
μmol	O
/	O
L	O
.	O
CEP	B-DISO
demonstrated	O
the	O
most	O
potent	O
inhibition	B-PROC
of	O
GX_P2V	O
infection	B-DISO
,	O
with	O
a	O
concentration	O
for	O
50	O
%	O
of	O
maximal	O
effect	O
[	O
EC50	O
]	O
of	O
0	O
.	O
98	O
μmol	O
/	O
L	O
.	O
The	O
viral	O
RNA	O
yield	O
in	O
cells	B-COMP
treated	O
with	O
10	O
μmol	O
/	O
L	O
CEP	B-DISO
was	O
15	O
,	O
393	O
-	O
fold	O
lower	O
than	O
in	O
cells	B-COMP
without	O
CEP	B-DISO
treatment	O
([	O
6	O
.	O
48	O
±	O
0	O
.	O
02	O
]	O
×	O
10vs	O
.	O

The	O
virus	B-SPEC
has	O
since	O
rapidly	O
spread	O
to	O
all	O
provinces	O
and	O
autonomous	O
regions	O
of	O
China	O
,	O
and	O
to	O
countries	O
outside	O
of	O
China	O
.	O

Most	O
recently	O
,	O
the	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
was	O
first	O
identified	O
in	O
Saudi	O
Arabia	O
in	O
2012	O
.	O

This	O
new	O
virus	B-SPEC
seems	O
to	O
be	O
very	O
contagious	O
and	O
has	O
quickly	O
spread	O
globally	O
.	O

They	O
are	O
a	O
large	O
family	B-SPEC
of	O
single	O
-	O
stranded	O
RNA	O
viruses	B-SPEC
(+	O
ssRNA	O
)	O
that	O
can	O
be	O
isolated	O
in	O
different	O
animal	B-SPEC
species	B-SPEC
.[	O
1	O
]	O
For	O
reasons	O
yet	O
to	O
be	O
explained	O
,	O
these	O
viruses	B-SPEC
can	O
cross	O
species	B-SPEC
barriers	O
and	O
can	O
cause	O
,	O
in	O
humans	B-SPEC
,	O
illness	O
ranging	O
from	O
the	O
common	B-DISO
cold	I-DISO
to	O
more	O
severe	O
diseases	O
such	O
as	O
MERS	O
and	O
SARS	B-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
We	O
developed	O
and	O
validated	O
2	O
species	O
-	O
independent	O
protein	B-CHED
-	O
based	O
assays	O
to	O
detect	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
functional	O
antibodies	B-COMP
that	O
can	O
block	O
virus	B-SPEC
receptor	O
-	O
binding	B-FUNC
or	O
sialic	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
-	O
attachment	O
.	O

Here	O
we	O
determined	O
the	O
cryo	O
-	O
EM	O
structure	O
of	O
MHV	B-SPEC
spike	O
complexed	O
with	O
mouse	B-SPEC
CEACAM1a	O
.	O

Together	O
these	O
results	O
reveal	O
a	O
new	O
role	O
of	O
receptor	B-FUNC
binding	I-FUNC
in	O
MHV	B-SPEC
entry	O
:	O
in	O
addition	O
to	O
its	O
well	O
-	O
characterized	O
role	O
in	O
viral	O
attachment	O
to	O
host	B-COMP
cells	B-COMP
,	O
receptor	B-FUNC
binding	I-FUNC
also	O
induces	O
the	O
conformational	B-PROC
change	I-PROC
of	O
the	O
spike	O
and	O
hence	O
the	O
fusion	O
of	O
viral	O
and	O
host	B-COMP
membranes	B-ANAT
.	O

Our	O
study	O
provides	O
new	O
mechanistic	O
insight	O
into	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
entry	O
and	O
highlights	O
the	O
diverse	O
entry	O
mechanisms	O
used	O
by	O
different	O
viruses	B-SPEC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
In	O
Vitro	O
Antiviral	B-CHED
Activity	O
and	O
Projection	O
of	O
Optimized	O
Dosing	O
Design	O
of	O
Hydroxychloroquine	O
for	O
the	O
Treatment	O
of	O
Severe	O
Acute	O
Respiratory	O
Syndrome	O
Coronavirus	O
2	O
(	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
).	O

In	O
this	O
work	O
,	O
we	O
repurposed	O
in	O
-	O
house	O
anti	O
-	O
influenza	B-DISO
derivatives	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
1	O
,	O
2	O
,	O
4	O
-	O
triazolo	O
[	O
1	O
,	O
5	O
-	O

Breastmilk	O
samples	O
were	O
also	O
collected	O
and	O
tested	O
from	O
patients	O
after	O
the	O
first	O
lactation	B-PROC
.	O

No	O
neonatal	B-DISO
asphyxia	I-DISO
was	O
observed	O
in	O
newborn	O
babies	O
.	O

Amniotic	B-ANAT
fluid	I-ANAT
,	O
cord	B-ANAT
blood	I-ANAT
,	O
neonatal	O
throat	B-ANAT
swab	I-ANAT
,	O
and	O
breastmilk	O
samples	O
from	O
six	O
patients	O
were	O
tested	O
for	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
,	O
and	O
all	O
samples	O
tested	O
negative	O
for	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
.	O

However	O
,	O
novel	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
pneumonia	B-DISO
was	O
becoming	O
more	O
and	O
more	O
blurred	O
after	O
vanishing	O
epidemic	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Currently	O
,	O
coronavirus	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
2019	I-DISO
(	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
)	O

Epidemiological	O
data	O
showed	O
that	O
the	O
older	O
patients	O
with	O
chronic	O
commodities	O
were	O
at	O
high	O
risk	O
of	O
the	O
involvement	O
of	O
the	O
severe	O
and	O
critical	O
type	O
of	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
,	O
especially	O
patients	O
with	O
chronic	B-DISO
obstructive	I-DISO
pulmonary	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
(	O
COPD	B-DISO
)	O
resulting	O
in	O
high	O
mortalities	O
.	O

Among	O
these	O
9	O
pregnant	O
women	O
with	O
confirmed	O
2019	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
nCoV	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
,	O
onset	O
of	O
clinical	O
symptoms	O
occurred	O
before	O
delivery	O
in	O
4	O
cases	O
,	O
on	O
the	O
day	O
of	O
delivery	O
in	O
2	O
cases	O
,	O
and	O
after	O
delivery	O
in	O
3	O
cases	O
.	O

Perinatal	O
2019	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
nCoV	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
may	O
have	O
adverse	B-DISO
effects	I-DISO
on	O
newborns	O
,	O
causing	O
problems	O
such	O
as	O
fetal	B-DISO
distress	I-DISO
,	O
premature	B-DISO
labor	I-DISO
,	O
respiratory	B-DISO
distress	I-DISO
,	O
thrombocytopenia	O
accompanied	O
by	O
abnormal	B-DISO
liver	I-DISO
function	I-DISO
,	O
and	O
even	O
death	B-PROC
.	O

In	O
neonatal	O
intensive	O
care	O
unit	O
(	O
NICU	O
),	O
to	O
prevent	O
and	O
control	O
infection	B-DISO
,	O
there	O
should	O
be	O
practical	O
measures	O
to	O
ensure	O
the	O
optimal	O
management	O
of	O
children	O
potentially	O
to	O
be	O
infected	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Performance	O
of	O
radiologists	O
in	O
differentiating	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
from	O
viral	B-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
on	O
chest	B-ANAT
CT	O
.	O

Compared	O
to	O
non	O
-	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
,	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
was	O
more	O
likely	O
to	O
have	O
a	O
peripheral	O
distribution	O
(	O
80	O
%	O
vs	O
.	O
57	O
%,	O
p	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
001	O
),	O
ground	O
-	O
glass	O
opacity	B-DISO
(	O
91	O
%	O
vs	O
.	O
68	O
%,	O
p	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
001	O
),	O
fine	O
reticular	O
opacity	B-DISO
(	O
56	O
%	O
vs	O
.	O
22	O
%,	O
p	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
001	O
),	O
and	O
vascular	B-ANAT
thickening	O
(	O
59	O
%	O
vs	O
.	O
22	O
%,	O
p	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
001	O
),	O
but	O
less	O
likely	O
to	O
have	O
a	O
central	O
+	O
peripheral	O
distribution	O
(	O
14	O
.%	O
vs	O
.	O
35	O
%,	O
p	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
001	O
),	O
pleural	B-DISO
effusion	I-DISO
(	O
4	O
.	O
1	O
vs	O
.	O
39	O
%,	O
p	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
001	O
)	O
and	O
lymphadenopathy	O
(	O
2	O
.	O
7	O
%	O
vs	O
.	O
10	O
.	O
2	O
%,	O
p	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
001	O
).	O

Multiple	O
bilateral	O
lobular	O
and	O
subsegmental	O
areas	O
of	O
consolidation	O
or	O
bilateral	O
ground	O
-	O
glass	O
opacities	B-DISO
were	O
the	O
main	O
reported	O
radiological	O
features	O
of	O
2019	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
nCoV	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
,	O
at	O
least	O
in	O
the	O
early	O
phases	O
of	O
the	O
disease	O
.	O

The	O
new	O
2019	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
nCoV	I-SPEC
epidemic	O
is	O
mainly	O
associated	O
with	O
respiratory	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
and	O
few	O
extrapulmonary	O
signs	O
.	O

Despite	O
the	O
given	O
treatment	O
,	O
her	O
body	B-ANAT
temperature	O
rose	B-SPEC
to	O
39	O
.	O
2	O
°	O
C	O
and	O
she	O
was	O
referred	O
to	O
our	O
clinic	O
for	O
further	O
evaluation	O
.	O

The	O
first	O
pool	O
was	O
from	O
a	O
Carassius	B-SPEC
auratus	I-SPEC
(	O
crusian	O
carp	B-DISO
)	O
cell	B-ANAT
line	I-ANAT
and	O
the	O
second	O
was	O
from	O
Ctenopharyngodon	B-SPEC
idella	I-SPEC
(	O
grass	B-SPEC
carp	I-SPEC
)	O
head	B-ANAT
kidney	B-ANAT
tissue	B-ANAT
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Severe	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
coronavirus	O
2	O
(	O
SARS	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
CoV	I-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
2	I-SPEC
)	O
is	O
an	O
emerging	O
disease	O
with	O
fatal	B-DISO
outcomes	I-DISO
.	O

The	O
genome	O
composition	O
,	O
nucleotide	B-CHED
analysis	O
,	O
codon	O
usage	O
indices	O
,	O
relative	O
synonymous	O
codons	O
usage	O
,	O
and	O
effective	O
number	O
of	O
codons	O
(	O
ENc	O
)	O
were	O
analyzed	O
in	O
the	O
four	O
structural	O
genes	O
;	O
Spike	O
(	O
S	O
),	O
Envelope	B-COMP
(	O
E	O
),	O
membrane	B-COMP
(	O
M	O
),	O
and	O
Nucleocapsid	B-COMP
(	O
N	O
)	O
genes	O
,	O
and	O
two	O
of	O
the	O
most	O
important	O
nonstructural	O
genes	O
comprising	O
RNA	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
dependent	I-PRGE
RNA	I-PRGE
polymerase	I-PRGE
and	O
main	B-PRGE
protease	I-PRGE
(	O
Mpro	O
)	O
of	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
,	O
Beta	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
from	O
pangolins	B-SPEC
,	O
bat	B-ENZY
SARS	B-DISO
,	O
MERS	O
,	O
and	O
SARS	B-DISO
CoVs	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Co	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
with	O
SARS	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
CoV	I-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
2	I-SPEC
and	O
Influenza	B-SPEC
A	I-SPEC
Virus	I-SPEC
in	O
Patient	O
with	O
Pneumonia	B-DISO
,	O
China	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Severe	B-DISO
Acute	I-DISO
Respiratory	I-DISO
Syndrome	I-DISO
Coronavirus	I-SPEC
2	I-SPEC
from	O
Patient	O
with	O
2019	B-SPEC
Novel	I-SPEC
Coronavirus	I-SPEC
Disease	I-DISO
,	O
United	O
States	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
etiologic	O
agent	O
of	O
an	O
outbreak	O
of	O
pneumonia	O
in	O
Wuhan	O
,	O
China	O
,	O
was	O
identified	O
as	O
severe	B-SPEC
acute	I-SPEC
respiratory	I-SPEC
syndrome	I-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
2	I-SPEC
in	O
January	O
2020	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Zoonotic	O
implications	O
of	O
camel	B-SPEC
diseases	O
in	O
Iran	O
.	O

Results	O
show	O
that	O
camels	B-SPEC
are	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
most	O
important	O
sources	O
of	O
infections	B-DISO
and	O
diseases	O
in	O
human	B-SPEC
;	O
therefore	O
,	O
continuous	O
monitoring	O
and	O
inspection	O
programs	O
are	O
necessary	O
to	O
prevent	O
the	O
outbreak	O
of	O
zoonotic	O
diseases	O
caused	O
by	O
this	O
animal	B-SPEC
in	O
humans	B-SPEC
.	O

Oropharyngeal	B-ANAT
swabs	O
were	O
collected	O
and	O
subjected	O
to	O
viral	O
RNA	O
and	O
DNA	O
extraction	O
followed	O
by	O
polymerase	O
chain	O
reaction	O
.	O

Two	O
percentage	O
were	O
Influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
positive	O
and	O
1	O
%	O
positive	O
for	O
influenza	B-DISO
B	O
.	O
Mixed	O
viral	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
was	O
observed	O
in	O
7	O
%.	O

We	O
also	O
discuss	O
additional	O
ways	O
GIS	O
can	O
support	O
the	O
fight	O
against	O
infectious	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
outbreaks	O
and	O
epidemics	O
.	O

Although	O
many	O
businesses	O
and	O
organisations	O
have	O
a	O
pandemic	O
plan	B-DISO
or	O
address	O
pandemic	O
preparedness	O
in	O
their	O
business	O
continuity	O
plans	O
,	O
few	O
have	O
recently	O
tested	O
and	O
updated	O
their	O
plans	O
.	O

The	O
percentage	O
of	O
naïve	O
helper	B-ANAT
T	I-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
increased	O
and	O
memory	B-PROC
helper	B-ANAT
T	I-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
decreased	O
in	O
severe	O
cases	O
.	O

Patients	O
with	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
also	O
have	O
lower	O
level	O
of	O
regulatory	B-ANAT
T	I-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
,	O
and	O
more	O
obviously	O
damaged	O
in	O
severe	O
cases	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Of	O
the	O
452	O
patients	O
with	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
recruited	O
,	O
286	O
were	O
diagnosed	O
as	O
severe	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
In	O
December	O
2019	O
,	O
the	O
2019	B-SPEC
novel	I-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
disease	I-DISO
(	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
)	O
caused	O
by	O
SARS	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
CoV	I-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
2	I-SPEC
emerged	O
in	O
China	O
and	O
now	O
has	O
spread	O
in	O
many	O
countries	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
A	O
novel	O
coronavirus	O
(	O
2019	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
nCoV	I-SPEC
)	O
has	O
raised	O
world	O
concern	O
since	O
it	O
emerged	O
in	O
Wuhan	O
Hubei	O
China	O
in	O
December	O
,	O
2019	O
.	O

The	O
2019	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
nCoV	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
caused	O
similar	O
onsets	O
to	O
other	O
pneumonias	B-DISO
.	O

Compared	O
to	O
NON	O
-	O
NCOVID	O
-	O
19	O
,	O
NCOVID	O
-	O
19	O
present	O
remarkably	O
more	O
abnormal	O
laboratory	O
tests	O
including	O
AST	B-PRGE
,	O
ALT	B-FUNC
,	O
γ	O
-	O
GT	O
,	O
LDH	B-PRGE
and	O
α	O
-	O
HBDH	O
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
The	O
2019	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
nCoV	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
caused	O
similar	O
onsets	O
to	O
other	O
pneumonias	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Prevalence	O
and	O
impact	O
of	O
cardiovascular	B-ANAT
metabolic	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
on	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
in	O
China	O
.	O

We	O
recorded	O
findings	O
at	O
any	O
chest	B-ANAT
CT	O
performed	O
in	O
the	O
included	O
children	O
,	O
along	O
with	O
core	O
clinical	O
observations	O
.	O

Compared	O
to	O
reports	O
in	O
adults	O
,	O
we	O
found	O
similar	O
but	O
more	O
modest	O
lung	B-ANAT
abnormalities	O
at	O
CT	O
in	O
our	O
small	O
paediatric	O
cohort	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Rapid	O
Identification	O
of	O
Potential	O
Inhibitors	B-CHED
of	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
Main	I-PRGE
Protease	I-PRGE
by	O
Deep	O
Docking	B-PROC
of	O
1	O
.	O
3	O
Billion	O
Compounds	O
.	O

Along	O
these	O
efforts	O
,	O
the	O
structure	O
of	O
SARS	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
CoV	I-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
2	I-SPEC
main	B-PRGE
protease	I-PRGE
(	O
Mpro	O
)	O
has	O
been	O
rapidly	O
resolved	O
and	O
made	O
publicly	O
available	O
to	O
facilitate	O
global	O
efforts	O
to	O
develop	O
novel	O
drug	O
candidates	O
.	O

It	O
expresses	O
the	O
opinion	O
that	O
the	O
speed	O
and	O
scale	O
of	O
the	O
response	O
to	O
the	O
2019	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
are	O
affected	O
by	O
the	O
important	O
role	O
that	O
China	O
plays	O
in	O
the	O
global	O
economy	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
2019	B-SPEC
novel	I-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
patients	O
'	O
clinical	O
characteristics	O
,	O
discharge	B-ANAT
rate	O
,	O
and	O
fatality	O
rate	O
of	O
meta	O
-	O
analysis	O
.	O

Infection	B-DISO
control	O
measures	O
are	O
necessary	O
to	O
prevent	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
from	O
further	O
spreading	O
and	O
to	O
help	O
control	O
the	O
epidemic	O
situation	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Multicenter	O
evaluation	O
of	O
the	O
QIAstat	O
Respiratory	O
Panel	O
-	O
A	O
new	O
rapid	O
highly	O
multiplexed	O
PCR	O
based	O
assay	O
for	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
acute	O
respiratory	B-DISO
tract	I-DISO
infections	I-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Acute	O
respiratory	B-DISO
tract	I-DISO
infections	I-DISO
(	O
ARTI	O
),	O
including	O
the	O
common	B-DISO
cold	I-DISO
,	O
pharyngitis	B-DISO
,	O
sinusitis	B-DISO
,	O
otitis	B-DISO
media	I-DISO
,	O
bronchiolitis	B-DISO
and	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
are	O
the	O
most	O
common	O
diagnoses	O
among	O
patients	O
seeking	O
medical	O
care	O
in	O
western	O
countries	O
,	O
and	O
account	O
for	O
most	O
antibiotic	B-CHED
prescriptions	O
.	O

We	O
describe	O
the	O
first	O
multicenter	O
study	O
of	O
445	O
respiratory	B-ANAT
samples	I-ANAT
,	O
collected	O
through	O
the	O
2016	O
-	O
2017	O
and	O
2018	O
respiratory	O
seasons	O
,	O
with	O
performance	O
compared	O
against	O
BioFire	O
FilmArray	O
RP	O
v1	O
.	O
7	O
and	O
discrepancy	O
testing	O
by	O
Seegene	O
Allplex	O
RP	O
.	O

In	O
poultry	O
,	O
the	O
genetic	O
diversity	O
,	O
evolution	B-PROC
,	O
distribution	O
,	O
and	O
taxonomy	O
of	O
CoVs	O
dominant	O
in	O
birds	B-SPEC
other	O
than	O
chickens	B-SPEC
remain	O
enigmatic	O
.	O

This	O
report	O
shed	O
novel	O
insight	O
into	O
the	O
genetic	O
diversity	O
,	O
distribution	O
,	O
evolution	B-PROC
,	O
and	O
taxonomy	O
of	O
avian	B-SPEC
CoVs	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Estimating	O
the	O
reproductive	B-PROC
number	O
and	O
the	O
outbreak	O
size	O
of	O
Novel	B-DISO
Coronavirus	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
(	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
)	O
using	O
mathematical	O
model	O
in	O
Republic	O
of	O
Korea	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Since	O
the	O
first	O
novel	B-DISO
coronavirus	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
(	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
)	O
patient	O
was	O
diagnosed	O
on	O
20	O
-	O
Jan	O
,	O
about	O
30	O
patients	O
were	O
diagnosed	O
in	O
Korea	O
until	O
17	O
-	O
Feb	O
.	O

or	O
5	O
-	O
Mar	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
published	O
cohorts	O
of	O
2019	O
new	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
n	O
-	O
Cov	O
)	O
are	O
single	O
-	O
center	O
studies	O
,	O
or	O
retrospective	O
studies	O
.	O

Combination	O
of	O
Ribavirin	B-CHED
and	O
interferon	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
α	I-PRGE
is	O
recommended	O
by	O
the	O
5	O
(	O
th	O
)	O
edition	O
National	O
Health	O
Commission	O
'	O
s	O
Regimen	O
(	O
Revised	O
Edition	O
)	O
because	O
of	O
the	O
effect	O
on	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
(	O
MERS	O
),	O
and	O
the	O
effectiveness	O
of	O
Lopinavir	O
/	O
Ritonavir	B-CHED
and	O
Remdisivir	O
needs	O
to	O
be	O
confirmed	O
by	O
randomized	O
controlled	O
trial	O
(	O
RCT	O
),	O
given	O
the	O
situation	O
of	O
no	O
specific	O
antivirus	O
drug	O
on	O
NCP	O
is	O
unavailable	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
As	O
of	O
22	O
February	O
2020	O
,	O
more	O
than	O
77662	O
cases	O
of	O
confirmed	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
have	O
been	O
documented	O
globally	O
with	O
over	O
2360	O
deaths	B-PROC
.	O

Similar	O
to	O
outbreaks	O
of	O
other	O
newly	O
identified	O
virus	B-SPEC
,	O
there	O
is	O
no	O
proven	O
regimen	O
from	O
conventional	O
medicine	B-CHED
and	O
most	O
reports	O
managed	O
the	O
patients	O
with	O
lopinavir	O
/	O
ritonavir	B-CHED
,	O
ribavirin	B-CHED
,	O
beta	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
interferon	I-PRGE
,	O
glucocorticoid	B-CHED
and	O
supportive	O
treatment	O
with	O
remdesivir	O
undergoing	O
clinical	O
trial	O
.	O

We	O
reviewed	O
the	O
latest	O
national	O
and	O
provincial	O
clinical	O
guidelines	O
,	O
retrospective	O
cohort	O
studies	O
,	O
and	O
case	O
series	O
regarding	O
the	O
treatment	O
of	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
by	O
add	B-DISO
-	O
on	O
Chinese	O
medicine	B-CHED
.	O

The	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
spread	O
illustrates	O
the	O
role	O
of	O
MGs	B-DISO
in	O
exacerbation	O
of	O
the	O
scope	O
of	O
pandemics	O
.	O

COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
has	O
already	O
provided	O
examples	O
of	O
both	O
clearly	O
planned	O
event	O
cancellations	O
such	O
as	O
the	O
Umrah	O
suspension	O
in	O
KSA	O
,	O
and	O
where	O
outbreaks	O
and	O
events	O
were	O
continued	O
.	O

This	O
research	O
provides	O
thoughtful	O
and	O
varied	O
considerations	O
and	O
advice	O
from	O
practising	O
family	B-SPEC
physicians	O
on	O
how	O
to	O
improve	O
risk	O
communication	O
from	O
public	O
health	O
agencies	O
and	O
professional	O
organizations	O
to	O
this	O
group	O
in	O
the	O
event	O
of	O
a	O
public	O
health	O
crisis	O
.	O

Our	O
results	O
reveal	O
that	O
,	O
in	O
common	O
with	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
and	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
,	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
CoV	I-DISO
-	I-DISO
2	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
is	O
enhanced	O
by	O
TMPRSS2	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
the	O
recent	O
report	O
on	O
asymptomatic	O
contact	O
transmission	O
of	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
and	O
travelers	O
who	O
passed	O
the	O
symptoms	O
-	O
based	O
screening	O
and	O
tested	O
positive	O
for	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
using	O
reverse	B-PROC
transcription	I-PROC
polymerase	O
chain	O
reaction	O
(	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
)	O
challenges	O
this	O
approach	O
as	O
body	B-ANAT
temperature	O
screening	O
may	O
miss	O
travelers	O
incubating	O
the	O
disease	O
or	O
travelers	O
concealing	O
fever	O
during	O
travel	O
.	O

An	O
improvement	O
of	O
patient	O
'	O
s	O
clinical	O
conditions	O
was	O
observed	O
only	O
after	O
clopidogrel	B-CHED
and	O
warfarin	B-CHED
discontinuation	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
The	O
novel	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
outbreak	O
:	O
what	O
can	O
be	O
learned	B-PROC
from	O
China	O
in	O
public	O
reporting	O
?	O

Confirmed	O
cases	O
,	O
dynamic	O
suspected	O
cases	O
,	O
recovered	O
cases	O
,	O
and	O
deaths	B-PROC
have	O
been	O
reported	O
both	O
in	O
accumulative	O
numbers	O
and	O
their	O
daily	O
updates	O
.	O

Most	O
patients	O
also	O
received	O
vasopressors	O
,	O
neuromuscular	O
blockade	O
,	O
and	O
steroids	B-CHED
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
A	O
Novel	O
Approach	O
for	O
a	O
Novel	O
Pathogen	O
:	O
using	O
a	O
home	O
assessment	O
team	O
to	O
evaluate	O
patients	O
for	O
2019	B-SPEC
novel	I-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
).	O

We	O
draw	O
on	O
Taiwan	O
'	O
s	O
SARS	B-DISO
experience	O
to	O
argue	O
that	O
a	O
modified	O
form	O
of	O
Traffic	O
Control	O
Bundling	O
protects	O
health	O
care	O
worker	O
safety	O
and	O
by	O
extension	O
strengthens	O
overall	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
epidemic	O
control	O
.	O

The	O
disease	O
is	O
transmitted	B-DISO
by	O
inhalation	B-PROC
or	O
contact	O
with	O
infected	O
droplets	O
and	O
the	O
incubation	O
period	O
ranges	O
from	O
2	O
to	O
14	O
d	O
.	O
The	O
symptoms	O
are	O
usually	O
fever	B-PROC
,	O
cough	B-DISO
,	O
sore	B-DISO
throat	I-DISO
,	O
breathlessness	B-DISO
,	O
fatigue	B-DISO
,	O
malaise	B-DISO
among	O
others	O
.	O

Common	O
laboratory	O
findings	O
include	O
normal	O
/	O
low	O
white	B-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
counts	O
with	O
elevated	O
C	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
reactive	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
(	O
CRP	B-PRGE
).	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
city	O
of	O
Wuhan	O
,	O
Hubei	O
province	O
,	O
China	O
,	O
was	O
the	O
origin	O
of	O
a	O
severe	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
outbreak	O
in	O
December	O
2019	O
,	O
attributed	O
to	O
a	O
novel	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
(	O
severe	B-SPEC
acute	I-SPEC
respiratory	I-SPEC
syndrome	I-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
2	I-SPEC
[	O
SARS	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
CoV	I-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
2	I-SPEC
]),	O
causing	O
a	O
total	O
of	O
2761	O
deaths	B-PROC
and	O
81109	O
cases	O
(	O
25	O
February	O
2020	O
).	O

The	O
AS	O
-	O
SCoV2	O
located	O
in	O
the	O
acidic	O
-	O
domain	O
of	O
papain	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
like	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
of	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
and	O
bat	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
SL	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
RatG13	I-PRGE
guided	O
us	O
to	O
suggest	O
that	O
the	O
novel	B-SPEC
2019	I-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
probably	O
emerged	O
by	O
genetic	B-PROC
drift	I-PROC
from	O
bat	B-ENZY
-	O
SL	O
-	O
CoV	O
-	O
RaTG13	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Starting	O
around	O
December	O
2019	O
,	O
an	O
epidemic	O
of	O
pneumonia	O
,	O
which	O
was	O
named	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
by	O
the	O
World	O
Health	O
Organization	O
,	O
broke	O
out	O
in	O
Wuhan	O
,	O
China	O
,	O
and	O
is	O
spreading	O
throughout	O
the	O
world	O
.	O

At	O
present	O
,	O
the	O
sensitivity	O
of	O
clinical	O
nucleic	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
detection	O
is	O
limited	O
,	O
and	O
it	O
is	O
still	O
unclear	O
whether	O
it	O
is	O
related	O
to	O
genetic	O
variation	O
.	O

Establishment	O
of	O
the	O
reference	O
sequence	O
for	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
could	O
benefit	O
not	O
only	O
biological	O
study	O
of	O
this	O
virus	B-SPEC
but	O
also	O
diagnosis	O
,	O
clinical	O
monitoring	O
and	O
intervention	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
CoV	I-DISO
-	I-DISO
2	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
in	O
the	O
future	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Previous	O
meta	B-SPEC
-	O
analyses	O
concluded	O
that	O
there	O
was	O
insufficient	O
evidence	O
to	O
determine	O
the	O
effect	O
of	O
N95	O
respirators	O
.	O

Meta	B-SPEC
-	O
analysis	O
indicated	O
a	O
protective	O
effect	O
of	O
N95	O
respirators	O
against	O
laboratory	O
-	O
confirmed	O
bacterial	O
colonization	O
(	O
RR	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
58	O
,	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
0	O
.	O
43	O
-	O
0	O
.	O
78	O
).	O

Risk	O
factors	O
for	O
the	O
clinical	O
outcomes	O
of	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
have	O
not	O
yet	O
been	O
well	O
delineated	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
A	O
Diabetic	O
Patient	O
With	O
2019	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
nCoV	I-SPEC
(	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
)	O
Infection	B-DISO
Who	O
Recovered	O
and	O
Was	O
Discharged	O
From	O
Hospital	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Estimating	O
Risk	O
for	O
Death	B-PROC
from	O
2019	B-DISO
Novel	I-DISO
Coronavirus	I-DISO
Disease	I-DISO
,	O
China	O
,	O
January	O
-	O
February	O
2020	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Understanding	O
the	O
novel	O
coronavirus	O
(	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
)	O
mode	O
of	O
host	B-COMP
cell	I-COMP
recognition	O
may	O
help	O
to	O
fight	O
the	O
disease	O
and	O
save	O
lives	O
.	O

Protein	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
docking	B-PROC
was	O
performed	O
to	O
test	O
the	O
four	O
regions	O
of	O
the	O
spike	O
that	O
fit	B-DISO
tightly	O
in	O
the	O
GRP78	O
Substrate	B-PRGE
Binding	I-PRGE
Domain	I-PRGE
β	I-PRGE
(	O
SBDβ	O
).	O

To	O
address	O
this	O
concern	O
,	O
the	O
study	O
employed	O
a	O
total	O
of	O
214	O
general	O
public	O
and	O
526	O
nurses	O
(	O
i	O
.	O
e	O
.,	O
234	O
front	O
-	O
line	O
nurses	O
and	O
292	O
non	O
-	O
front	O
-	O
line	O
nurses	O
)	O
to	O
evaluate	O
vicarious	O
traumatization	O
scores	O
via	O
a	O
mobile	O
app	B-CHED
-	O
based	O
questionnaire	O
.	O

The	O
results	O
showed	O
that	O
the	O
vicarious	O
traumatization	O
scores	O
for	O
front	O
-	O
line	O
nurses	O
including	O
scores	O
for	O
physiological	O
and	O
psychological	B-DISO
responses	O
,	O
were	O
significantly	O
lower	O
than	O
those	O
of	O
non	O
-	O
front	O
-	O
line	O
nurses	O
(	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
001	O
).	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
Corona	O
Virus	B-PROC
Disease	I-PROC
2019	O
(	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
)	O
caused	O
by	O
severe	B-SPEC
acute	I-SPEC
respiratory	I-SPEC
syndrome	I-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
2	I-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
CoV	I-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
2	I-SPEC
)	O
is	O
a	O
Public	O
Health	O
Emergency	B-DISO
of	O
International	O
Concern	O
.	O

Travel	O
restrictions	O
and	O
border	B-ANAT
control	O
measures	O
have	O
been	O
enforced	O
in	O
China	O
and	O
other	O
countries	O
to	O
limit	O
the	O
spread	O
of	O
the	O
outbreak	O
.	O

Moreover	O
,	O
lung	B-ANAT
cells	B-COMP
that	O
have	O
ACE2	B-PRGE
expression	B-PROC
may	O
be	O
the	O
main	O
target	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
during	O
2019	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
nCoV	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
.	O

However	O
,	O
some	O
patients	O
also	O
exhibit	O
non	O
-	O
respiratory	B-DISO
symptoms	I-DISO
,	O
such	O
as	O
kidney	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
,	O
implying	O
that	O
2019	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
nCoV	I-SPEC
could	O
also	O
invade	O
other	O
organs	B-ANAT
.	O

This	O
study	O
may	O
provide	O
potential	O
clues	O
for	O
further	O
investigation	O
of	O
the	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
and	O
route	O
of	O
2019	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
nCoV	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
.	O

This	O
study	O
is	O
aimed	O
to	O
score	O
the	O
outbreak	O
of	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
in	O
Saudi	O
Arabia	O
using	O
both	O
the	O
original	O
GFT	O
and	O
mGFT	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Health	O
professions	O
preventing	O
and	O
controlling	O
Coronavirus	B-DISO
Disease	I-DISO
2019	I-DISO
are	O
prone	O
to	O
skin	B-ANAT
and	O
mucous	B-ANAT
membrane	I-ANAT
injury	O
,	O
which	O
may	O
cause	O
acute	B-DISO
and	I-DISO
chronic	I-DISO
dermatitis	I-DISO
,	O
secondary	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
and	O
aggravation	O
of	O
underlying	O
skin	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
.	O

Insufficient	O
and	O
excessive	O
protection	O
will	O
have	O
adverse	B-DISO
effects	I-DISO
on	O
the	O
skin	B-ANAT
and	O
mucous	B-ANAT
membrane	I-ANAT
barrier	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Early	O
dynamics	O
of	O
transmission	O
and	O
control	O
of	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
:	O
a	O
mathematical	O
modelling	O
study	O
.	O

We	O
estimated	O
that	O
the	O
median	O
daily	O
reproduction	B-PROC
number	O
(	O
R	O
Our	O
results	O
show	O
that	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
transmission	O
probably	O
declined	O
in	O
Wuhan	O
during	O
late	O
January	O
,	O
2020	O
,	O
coinciding	O
with	O
the	O
introduction	O
of	O
travel	O
control	O
measures	O
.	O

Prolonged	O
viral	B-DISO
shedding	I-DISO
provides	O
the	O
rationale	O
for	O
a	O
strategy	O
of	O
isolation	O
of	O
infected	O
patients	O
and	O
optimal	O
antiviral	B-CHED
interventions	O
in	O
the	O
future	O
.	O

It	O
is	O
now	O
the	O
critical	O
stage	O
to	O
fight	O
against	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
.	O

Relevant	O
strategies	O
to	O
prevent	O
novel	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
pneumonia	B-DISO
are	O
established	O
,	O
serving	O
as	O
references	O
to	O
the	O
medical	O
personnel	O
and	O
general	O
public	O
during	O
their	O
work	O
or	O
daily	O
life	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Recently	O
,	O
a	O
novel	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
(	O
2019	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
nCoV	I-SPEC
),	O
officially	O
known	O
as	O
severe	B-SPEC
acute	I-SPEC
respiratory	I-SPEC
syndrome	I-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
2	I-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
CoV	I-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
2	I-SPEC
),	O
emerged	O
in	O
China	O
.	O

Preliminary	O
trials	O
of	O
chloroquine	O
repurposing	O
in	O
the	O
treatment	O
of	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
in	O
China	O
have	O
been	O
encouraging	O
,	O
leading	O
to	O
several	O
new	O
trials	O
.	O

Atypical	O
clinical	B-DISO
findings	I-DISO
of	O
pregnant	O
women	O
with	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
could	O
increase	O
the	O
difficulty	O
in	O
initial	O
identification	O
.	O

The	O
proportion	O
of	O
lymphocytes	B-ANAT
in	O
the	O
elderly	O
group	O
was	O
significantly	O
lower	O
than	O
that	O
in	O
the	O
young	O
and	O
middle	O
-	O
aged	O
group	O
(	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
001	O
),	O
and	O
the	O
C	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
reactive	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
was	O
significantly	O
higher	O
in	O
the	O
young	O
group	O
(	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
001	O
).	O

Among	O
the	O
5	O
reactivated	O
patients	O
,	O
other	O
symptoms	O
were	O
also	O
observed	O
,	O
including	O
fever	B-PROC
,	O
cough	B-DISO
,	O
sore	B-DISO
throat	I-DISO
,	O
and	O
fatigue	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
majority	O
of	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
cases	O
are	O
mild	O
.	O

Patients	O
,	O
diagnosed	O
after	O
Jan	O
17	O
,	O
2020	O
,	O
were	O
given	O
oral	B-ANAT
arbidol	O
and	O
LPV	O
/	O
r	O
in	O
the	O
combination	O
group	O
and	O
oral	B-ANAT
LPV	O
/	O
r	O
only	O
in	O
the	O
monotherapy	O
group	O
for	O
5	O
-	O
21	O
days	O
.	O

The	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
could	O
not	O
be	O
detected	O
for	O
12	O
(	O
75	O
%)	O
of	O
16	O
patients	O
'	O
nasopharyngeal	B-ANAT
specimens	O
in	O
the	O
combination	O
group	O
after	O
seven	O
days	O
,	O
compared	O
with	O
6	O
(	O
35	O
%)	O
of	O
17	O
in	O
the	O
monotherapy	O
group	O
(	O
p	O
<	O
0	O
·	O
05	O
).	O

After	O
14	O
days	O
,	O
15	O
(	O
94	O
%)	O
of	O
16	O
and	O
9	O
(	O
52	O
·	O
9	O
%)	O
of	O
17	O
,	O
respectively	O
,	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
could	O
not	O
be	O
detected	O
(	O
p	O
<	O
0	O
·	O
05	O
).	O

Since	O
the	O
traditional	O
SEIR	O
model	O
does	O
not	O
evaluate	O
the	O
effectiveness	O
of	O
control	O
strategies	O
,	O
a	O
novel	O
model	O
in	O
line	O
with	O
the	O
current	O
epidemics	O
process	O
and	O
control	O
measures	O
was	O
proposed	O
,	O
utilizing	O
multisource	O
datasets	O
including	O
cumulative	O
number	O
of	O
reported	O
,	O
death	B-PROC
,	O
quarantined	O
and	O
suspected	O
cases	O
.	O

Most	O
infected	O
cases	O
have	O
been	O
quarantined	O
or	O
put	O
in	O
suspected	O
class	B-SPEC
,	O
which	O
has	O
been	O
ignored	O
in	O
existing	O
models	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Background	O
As	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
patients	O
increases	O
,	O
there	O
is	O
a	O
growing	O
understanding	O
of	O
the	O
form	O
of	O
pneumonia	O
sustained	O
by	O
the	O
2019	B-SPEC
novel	I-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
),	O
which	O
has	O
caused	O
an	O
outbreak	O
in	O
China	O
.	O

Results	O
Antithrombin	B-PRGE
values	O
in	O
patients	O
were	O
lower	O
than	O
that	O
in	O
the	O
control	O
group	O
(	O
p	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
001	O
).	O

The	O
values	O
of	O
D	O
-	O
dimer	O
,	O
fibrin	O
/	O
fibrinogen	B-COMP
degradation	O
products	O
(	O
FDP	O
),	O
and	O
fibrinogen	O
(	O
FIB	B-PRGE
)	O
in	O
all	O
SARS	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
CoV	I-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
2	I-SPEC
cases	O
were	O
substantially	O
higher	O
than	O
those	O
in	O
healthy	O
controls	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
A	O
novel	O
zoonotic	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
outbreak	O
is	O
spreading	O
all	O
over	O
the	O
world	O
.	O

Human	B-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
with	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
leads	O
to	O
a	O
wide	O
range	O
of	O
clinical	O
manifestations	O
ranging	O
from	O
asymptomatic	O
,	O
mild	O
,	O
moderate	O
to	O
severe	O
.	O

The	O
outbreak	O
provides	O
an	O
opportunity	O
for	O
real	O
-	O
time	O
tracking	O
of	O
an	O
animal	B-SPEC
coronavirus	B-SPEC
that	O
has	O
just	O
crossed	O
species	B-SPEC
barrier	O
to	O
infect	O
humans	B-SPEC
.	O

Here	O
,	O
we	O
review	O
the	O
discovery	O
,	O
zoonotic	O
origin	O
,	O
animal	B-SPEC
hosts	B-COMP
,	O
transmissibility	O
and	O
pathogenicity	O
of	O
SARS	O
-	O
CoV	O
-	O
2	O
in	O
relation	O
to	O
its	O
interplay	O
with	O
host	B-COMP
antiviral	B-CHED
defense	O
.	O

The	O
aim	O
of	O
this	O
systematic	O
review	O
was	O
to	O
summarize	O
the	O
evidence	O
regarding	O
chloroquine	B-CHED
for	O
the	O
treatment	O
of	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
.	O

Chloroquine	B-CHED
seems	O
to	O
be	O
effective	O
in	O
limiting	O
the	O
replication	O
of	O
SARS	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
CoV	I-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
2	I-SPEC
(	O
virus	B-SPEC
causing	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
)	O
in	O
vitro	O
.	O

Chloroquine	B-CHED
seems	O
to	O
be	O
effective	O
in	O
limiting	O
the	O
replication	O
of	O
SARS	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
CoV	I-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
2	I-SPEC
(	O
virus	B-SPEC
causing	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
)	O
in	O
vitro	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Recommendations	O
on	O
the	O
clinical	O
management	O
of	O
the	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
by	O
the	O
«	O
new	O
coronavirus	O
»	O
SARS	O
-	O
CoV2	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Since	O
the	O
emergence	O
of	O
coronavirus	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
2019	I-DISO
(	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
)	O
(	O
formerly	O
known	O
as	O
the	O
2019	B-SPEC
novel	I-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
[	O
2019	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
nCoV	I-SPEC
])	O
in	O
Wuhan	O
,	O
China	O
in	O
December	O
2019	O
,	O
which	O
is	O
caused	O
by	O
severe	B-SPEC
acute	I-SPEC
respiratory	I-SPEC
syndrome	I-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
2	I-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
CoV	I-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
2	I-SPEC
),	O
more	O
than	O
75	O
,	O
000	O
cases	O
have	O
been	O
reported	O
in	O
32	O
countries	O
/	O
regions	O
,	O
resulting	O
in	O
more	O
than	O
2000	O
deaths	B-PROC
worldwide	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
searches	O
for	O
handwashing	O
were	O
gradually	O
increased	O
in	O
period	O
of	O
face	B-DISO
masks	O
shortage	O
.	O

The	O
aim	O
of	O
the	O
meta	B-SPEC
-	O
analysis	O
was	O
to	O
assess	O
the	O
prevalence	O
of	O
comorbidities	O
in	O
the	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
patients	O
and	O
the	O
risk	O
of	O
underlying	O
diseases	O
in	O
severe	O
patients	O
compared	O
to	O
non	O
-	O
severe	O
patients	O
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
We	O
assessed	O
the	O
prevalence	O
of	O
comorbidities	O
in	O
the	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
patients	O
and	O
found	O
underlying	O
disease	O
,	O
including	O
hypertension	B-DISO
,	O
respiratory	B-DISO
system	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
and	O
cardiovascular	B-ANAT
,	O
may	O
be	O
a	O
risk	O
factor	O
for	O
severe	O
patients	O
compared	O
with	O
Non	O
-	O
severe	O
patients	O
.	O

Mainly	O
initial	O
symptoms	O
were	O
cough	B-DISO
and	O
low	O
fever	B-PROC
(	O
37	O
.	O
3	O
-	O
38	O
.	O
0	O
℃).	O

Levels	O
of	O
potassium	B-CHED
,	O
albumin	B-PRGE
,	O
lymphocyte	B-ANAT
were	O
low	O
,	O
but	O
increased	O
persistently	O
after	O
treatment	O
.	O

Increasing	O
eosinophils	B-ANAT
may	O
be	O
an	O
indicator	B-CHED
of	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
improvement	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Clinical	O
characteristics	O
of	O
refractory	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
in	O
Wuhan	O
,	O
China	O
.	O

This	O
study	O
aimed	O
to	O
clarify	O
the	O
characteristics	O
of	O
patients	O
with	O
refractory	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
.	O

In	O
this	O
retrospective	O
single	O
-	O
center	O
study	O
,	O
we	O
included	O
155	O
consecutive	O
patients	O
with	O
confirmed	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
in	O
Zhongnan	O
Hospital	O
of	O
Wuhan	O
University	O
from	O
January	O
1st	O
to	O
February	O
5th	O
.	O

Compared	O
with	O
general	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
patients	O
(	O
45	O
.	O
2	O
%),	O
refractory	O
patients	O
had	O
an	O
older	O
age	O
,	O
male	O
sex	O
,	O
more	O
underlying	O
comorbidities	O
,	O
lower	O
incidence	O
of	O
fever	B-PROC
,	O
higher	O
levels	O
of	O
maximum	O
temperature	O
among	O
fever	B-PROC
cases	O
,	O
higher	O
incidence	O
of	O
breath	B-DISO
shortness	I-DISO
and	O
anorexia	B-DISO
,	O
severer	O
disease	O
assessment	O
on	O
admission	O
,	O
high	O
levels	O
of	O
neutrophil	B-ANAT
,	O
aspartate	B-CHED
aminotransferase	I-ENZY
(	O
AST	B-PRGE
),	O
lactate	B-PRGE
dehydrogenase	I-PRGE
(	O
LDH	B-PRGE
)	O
and	O
C	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
reactive	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
,	O
lower	O
levels	O
of	O
platelets	B-ANAT
and	O
albumin	B-PRGE
,	O
and	O
higher	O
incidence	O
of	O
bilateral	B-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
and	O
pleural	B-DISO
effusion	I-DISO
(	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
).	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Compared	O
with	O
general	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
patients	O
(	O
45	O
.	O
2	O
%),	O
refractory	O
patients	O
had	O
an	O
older	O
age	O
,	O
male	O
sex	O
,	O
more	O
underlying	O
comorbidities	O
,	O
lower	O
incidence	O
of	O
fever	B-PROC
,	O
higher	O
levels	O
of	O
maximum	O
temperature	O
among	O
fever	B-PROC
cases	O
,	O
higher	O
incidence	O
of	O
breath	B-DISO
shortness	I-DISO
and	O
anorexia	B-DISO
,	O
severer	O
disease	O
assessment	O
on	O
admission	O
,	O
high	O
levels	O
of	O
neutrophil	B-ANAT
,	O
aspartate	B-PRGE
aminotransferase	I-PRGE
(	O
AST	B-PRGE
),	O
lactate	B-PRGE
dehydrogenase	I-PRGE
(	O
LDH	B-PRGE
)	O
and	O
C	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
reactive	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
,	O
lower	O
levels	O
of	O
platelets	B-ANAT
and	O
albumin	B-PRGE
,	O
and	O
higher	O
incidence	O
of	O
bilateral	B-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
and	O
pleural	B-DISO
effusion	I-DISO
(	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
).	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Recently	O
,	O
some	O
global	O
cases	O
of	O
2019	O
novel	O
coronavirus	O
(	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
)	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
have	O
been	O
caused	O
by	O
second	O
-	O
or	O
third	O
-	O
generation	O
transmission	O
of	O
the	O
viral	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
,	O
resulting	O
in	O
no	O
traceable	O
epidemiological	O
history	O
.	O

Similar	O
to	O
Miller	O
M6	O
,	O
virulent	O
Purdue	O
and	O
China	O
strain	O
TS	O
,	O
in	O
S	O
gene	O
the	O
JS2012	O
maintained	O
genetic	O
integrity	O
and	O
the	O
characteristics	O
of	O
the	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
virulent	O
strains	O
.	O

Our	O
findings	O
provide	O
valuable	O
information	O
about	O
genetic	O
diversity	O
and	O
infection	O
mechanism	O
of	O
the	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
family	B-SPEC
.	O

There	O
is	O
,	O
however	O
,	O
not	O
yet	O
sufficient	O
evidence	O
to	O
support	O
the	O
association	O
between	O
hypertension	B-DISO
and	O
mortality	O
as	O
similar	O
prevalence	O
of	O
hypertension	B-DISO
was	O
also	O
observed	O
in	O
the	O
Hubei	O
population	O
.	O

Those	O
patients	O
should	O
now	O
be	O
tested	O
for	O
both	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
and	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
simultaneously	O
,	O
and	O
with	O
the	O
continuing	O
wide	O
international	O
spread	O
of	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
,	O
the	O
travel	O
history	O
to	O
China	O
in	O
the	O
last	O
14	O
days	O
will	O
be	O
of	O
less	O
significance	O
.	O

We	O
hope	O
that	O
this	O
article	O
will	O
serve	O
as	O
a	O
start	O
for	O
further	O
research	O
into	O
the	O
ocular	O
implications	O
of	O
human	B-SPEC
CoV	O
infections	B-DISO
.	O

Most	O
patients	O
received	O
antiviral	B-CHED
therapy	O
(	O
66	O
[	O
98	O
.	O
5	O
%]	O
of	O
67	O
patients	O
)	O
and	O
antibiotic	B-CHED
therapy	O
(	O
66	O
[	O
98	O
.	O
5	O
%]	O
of	O
67	O
patients	O
).	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
A	O
novel	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
)	O
first	O
detected	O
in	O
Wuhan	O
,	O
China	O
,	O
has	O
spread	O
rapidly	O
since	O
December	O
2019	O
,	O
causing	O
more	O
than	O
100	O
,	O
000	O
confirmed	O
infections	B-DISO
and	O
4000	O
fatalities	O
(	O
as	O
of	O
10	O
March	O
2020	O
).	O

Here	O
,	O
we	O
explore	O
how	O
seasonal	O
variation	O
in	O
transmissibility	O
could	O
modulate	O
a	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
pandemic	O
.	O

Contacts	O
were	O
people	O
with	O
exposure	O
to	O
a	O
patient	O
with	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
on	O
or	O
after	O
the	O
patient	O
'	O
s	O
symptom	B-DISO
onset	O
date	O
.	O

These	O
43	O
persons	O
under	O
investigation	O
and	O
all	O
32	O
asymptomatic	O
health	O
-	O
care	O
personnel	O
tested	O
negative	O
for	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
.	O

There	O
is	O
now	O
grave	O
concern	O
regarding	O
the	O
Italian	O
national	O
health	O
system	O
'	O
s	O
capacity	O
to	O
effectively	O
respond	O
to	O
the	O
needs	O
of	O
patients	O
who	O
are	O
infected	O
and	O
require	O
intensive	O
care	O
for	O
SARS	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
CoV	I-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
2	I-SPEC
pneumonia	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Anesthetic	O
Management	O
of	O
Patients	O
With	O
Suspected	O
or	O
Confirmed	O
2019	B-SPEC
Novel	I-SPEC
Coronavirus	I-SPEC
Infection	I-DISO
During	O
Emergency	O
Procedures	O
.	O

Twenty	O
-	O
five	O
(	O
68	O
%)	O
patients	O
presented	O
with	O
lymphopenia	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
23	O
(	O
62	O
%)	O
patients	O
exhibited	O
multiple	O
mottling	O
and	O
ground	O
-	O
glass	O
opacity	B-DISO
on	O
computed	O
tomography	O
scanning	O
.	O

The	O
present	O
study	O
indicates	O
that	O
COVID	B-DISO
19	I-DISO
-	O
specific	O
guidelines	O
for	O
emergency	B-DISO
procedures	O
for	O
patients	O
with	O
confirmed	O
or	O
suspected	O
2019	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
nCoV	I-SPEC
may	O
effectively	O
prevent	O
cross	O
-	O
infection	B-DISO
in	O
the	O
operating	O
room	O
.	O

Moreover	O
,	O
two	O
consecutive	O
slow	O
codons	O
(	O
slow	O
di	O
-	O
codons	O
)	O
lead	O
to	O
a	O
much	O
slower	O
translation	B-PROC
rate	O
.	O

Comparison	O
of	O
human	B-SPEC
-	O
specific	O
slow	O
codon	O
and	O
slow	O
di	O
-	O
codon	O
compositions	O
in	O
the	O
genomes	O
of	O
590	O
coronaviruses	O
infect	O
humans	B-SPEC
revealed	O
that	O
the	O
protein	B-CHED
synthetic	O
rates	O
of	O
2019	B-SPEC
novel	I-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
(	O
2019	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
nCoV	I-SPEC
)	O
and	O
severe	B-SPEC
acute	I-SPEC
respiratory	I-SPEC
syndrome	I-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
related	I-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
may	O
be	O
much	O
faster	O
than	O
other	O
coronaviruses	O
infect	O
humans	B-SPEC
.	O

In	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
we	O
investigate	O
whether	O
platelet	B-ANAT
count	O
could	O
differentiate	O
between	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
patients	O
with	O
or	O
without	O
severe	O
disease	O
.	O

Some	O
13	O
.	O
9	O
%	O
(	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
6	O
.	O
2	O
-	O
21	O
.	O
5	O
%)	O
of	O
hospitalized	O
patients	O
had	O
fatal	B-DISO
outcomes	I-DISO
(	O
case	O
fatality	O
rate	O
,	O
CFR	O
).	O

ICU	O
was	O
required	O
for	O
approximately	O
20	O
%	O
of	O
polymorbid	O
,	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
infected	O
patients	O
and	O
hospitalization	O
was	O
associated	O
with	O
a	O
CFR	O
of	O
>	O
13	O
%.	O

We	O
investigated	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
-	O
19	O
in	O
asymptomatic	O
carriers	O
by	O
testing	O
all	O
repatriated	O
patients	O
within	O
the	O
first	O
24	O
h	O
of	O
their	O
arrival	O
in	O
France	O
and	O
at	O
day	O
5	O
.	O

Viral	O
RNA	O
was	O
extracted	O
from	O
pooled	O
nasal	B-ANAT
and	O
oropharyngeal	B-ANAT
swab	O
fluids	B-ANAT
or	O
sputum	B-ANAT
in	O
the	O
absence	O
of	O
nasal	B-ANAT
/	O
oropharyngeal	B-ANAT
swabs	O
.	O

This	O
activity	O
is	O
conserved	O
on	O
the	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
Cov	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
,	O
thus	O
placing	O
teicoplanin	O
as	O
a	O
potential	O
treatment	O
for	O
patients	O
with	O
this	O
virus	B-SPEC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Substantial	O
undocumented	O
infection	B-DISO
facilitates	O
the	O
rapid	O
dissemination	O
of	O
novel	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
(	O
SARS	O
-	O
CoV2	O
).	O

Here	O
we	O
use	O
observations	O
of	O
reported	O
infection	B-DISO
within	O
China	O
,	O
in	O
conjunction	O
with	O
mobility	O
data	O
,	O
a	O
networked	O
dynamic	O
metapopulation	O
model	O
and	O
Bayesian	O
inference	O
,	O
to	O
infer	O
critical	O
epidemiological	O
characteristics	O
associated	O
with	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV2	I-PRGE
,	O
including	O
the	O
fraction	O
of	O
undocumented	O
infections	B-DISO
and	O
their	O
contagiousness	O
.	O

GA	O
was	O
also	O
reported	O
to	O
have	O
activity	O
against	O
Escherichia	B-SPEC
coli	I-SPEC
and	O
Staphylococcus	B-SPEC
aureus	I-SPEC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Corona	O
Virus	B-PROC
Disease	I-PROC
2019	O
(	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
)	O
originated	O
in	O
Wuhan	O

Limited	O
data	O
are	O
available	O
for	O
children	O
with	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
,	O
especially	O
for	O
infected	O
infants	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
An	O
epidemic	O
caused	O
by	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
Coronavirus	I-DISO
-	I-DISO
2	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
has	O
spread	O
unexpectedly	O
in	O
Wuhan	O
,	O
Hubei	O
Province	O
,	O
China	O
since	O
December	O
2019	O
.	O

We	O
study	O
epidemiological	O
and	O
clinical	O
outcome	O
of	O
55	O
asymptomatic	O
carriers	O
who	O
were	O
laboratory	O
-	O
confirmed	O
positive	O
for	O
the	O
SARS	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
Coronavirus	I-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
2	I-SPEC
by	O
testing	O
the	O
nucleic	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
of	O
the	O
pharyngeal	B-ANAT
swab	O
samples	O
.	O

The	O
two	O
confirmed	O
children	O
only	O
presented	O
with	O
mild	O
respiratory	O
or	O
gastrointestinal	B-DISO
symptoms	I-DISO
.	O

There	O
were	O
no	O
deaths	B-PROC
or	O
serious	O
neonatal	B-DISO
asphyxia	I-DISO
events	O
.	O

Both	O
epidural	B-ANAT
and	O
general	B-PROC
anesthesia	I-PROC
were	O
safely	O
used	O
for	O
Cesarean	O
delivery	O
in	O
the	O
parturients	O
with	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
.	O

Proper	O
patient	O
transfer	O
,	O
medical	O
staff	O
access	O
procedures	O
,	O
and	O
effective	O
biosafety	O
precautions	O
are	O
important	O
to	O
protect	O
medical	O
staff	O
from	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
The	O
positive	O
impact	O
of	O
lockdown	O
in	O
Wuhan	O
on	O
containing	O
the	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
outbreak	O
in	O
China	O
.	O

In	O
particular	O
within	O
the	O
city	O
of	O
Ningbo	O
,	O
60	O
.	O
52	O
%	O
cases	O
can	O
be	O
traced	O
back	B-ANAT
to	O
an	O
event	O
held	O
in	O
a	O
temple	B-ANAT
.	O

In	O
this	O
work	O
,	O
we	O
searched	O
the	O
homologous	O
templates	O
of	O
all	O
nonstructural	O
and	O
structural	O
proteins	B-CHED
of	O
2019	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
nCoV	I-SPEC
.	O
Among	O
the	O
nonstructural	O
proteins	B-CHED
,	O
the	O
leader	O
protein	B-CHED
(	O
nsp1	B-PRGE
),	O
the	O
papain	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
like	I-PRGE
protease	I-PRGE
(	O
nsp3	B-PRGE
),	O
the	O
nsp4	B-PRGE
,	O
the	O
3C	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
like	I-PRGE
protease	I-PRGE
(	O
nsp5	B-PRGE
),	O
the	O
nsp7	O
,	O
the	O
nsp8	O
,	O
the	O
nsp9	O
,	O
the	O
nsp10	O
,	O
the	O
RNA	B-ENZY
-	I-ENZY
directed	I-ENZY
RNA	I-ENZY
polymerase	I-ENZY
(	O
nsp12	O
),	O
the	O
helicase	B-PRGE
(	O
nsp13	O
),	O
the	O
guanine	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
N7	I-PRGE
methyltransferase	I-PRGE
(	O
nsp14	O
),	O
the	O
uridylate	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
specific	I-PRGE
endoribonuclease	I-PRGE
(	O
nsp15	O
),	O
the	O
2	B-PRGE
'-	I-PRGE
O	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
methyltransferase	I-PRGE
(	O
nsp16	O
),	O
and	O
the	O
ORF7a	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
could	O
be	O
built	O
on	O
the	O
basis	O
of	O
homology	O
templates	O
.	O

It	O
is	O
believed	O
that	O
these	O
proteins	B-CHED
should	O
be	O
useful	O
for	O
further	O
structure	O
-	O
based	O
virtual	O
screening	O
and	O
related	O
computer	O
-	O
aided	O
drug	O
development	B-PROC
and	O
vaccine	O
design	O
.	O

In	O
severe	O
novel	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
pneumonia	B-DISO
cases	O
,	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
platelets	B-ANAT
,	O
their	O
dynamic	O
changes	O
during	O
the	O
treatment	O
,	O
platelet	B-ANAT
-	O
to	O
-	O
lymphocyte	B-ANAT
ratio	O
(	O
PLR	O
)	O
were	O
a	O
concern	O
.	O

Demographic	O
,	O
clinical	O
,	O
blood	B-ANAT
routine	O
results	O
,	O
other	O
laborotary	O
results	O
and	O
treatment	O
date	O
were	O
collected	O
and	O
analyzed	O
.	O

The	O
patient	O
with	O
markedly	O
elevated	O
platelets	B-ANAT
and	O
longer	O
average	O
hospitalization	O
day	O
may	O
be	O
related	O
to	O
the	O
cytokine	B-DISO
storm	I-DISO
.	O

The	O
PLR	O
of	O
patients	O
means	O
the	O
degree	O
of	O
cytokine	B-DISO
storm	I-DISO
,	O
which	O
might	O
provide	O
a	O
new	O
indicator	B-CHED
in	O
the	O
monitoring	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
.	O

His	O
overall	O
clinical	O
characteristics	O
(	O
symptoms	O
,	O
laboratory	O
examinations	O
,	O
and	O
chest	B-ANAT
CT	O
)	O
were	O
similar	O
to	O
those	O
of	O
non	O
-	O
transplanted	B-ANAT
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
patients	O
.	O

This	O
report	O
provided	O
evidence	O
of	O
low	O
risk	O
of	O
intrauterine	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
by	O
vertical	B-DISO
transmission	I-DISO
of	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
continues	O
to	O
drive	O
significant	O
morbidity	O
and	O
mortality	O
after	O
severe	O
trauma	O
.	O

NETs	O
include	O
a	O
DNA	O
backbone	B-ANAT
coated	O
with	O
cytoplasmic	B-COMP
proteins	B-CHED
,	O
which	O
drive	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
cytotoxic	O
effects	O
.	O

Randomization	O
of	O
250	O
patients	O
per	O
treatment	O
arm	B-ANAT
will	O
be	O
carried	O
out	O
through	O
a	O
secure	O
,	O
web	B-DISO
-	O
based	O
system	O
.	O

Participant	O
recruitment	B-DISO
began	O
in	O
March	O
2019	O
.	O

As	O
of	O
31	O
January	O
2020	O
,	O
this	O
epidemic	O
had	O
spread	O
to	O
19	O
countries	O
with	O
11	O
791	O
confirmed	O
cases	O
,	O
including	O
213	O
deaths	B-PROC
.	O

Studies	O
thus	O
far	O
have	O
shown	O
that	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
'	O
origination	O
is	O
in	O
connection	O
to	O
a	O
seafood	O
market	O
in	O
Wuhan	O
,	O
but	O
specific	O
animal	B-SPEC
associations	O
have	O
not	O
been	O
confirmed	O
.	O

We	O
conducted	O
statistical	O
modelling	O
to	O
derive	O
the	O
delay	O
-	O
adjusted	O
asymptomatic	O
proportion	O
of	O
infections	B-DISO
,	O
along	O
with	O
the	O
infections	B-DISO
'	O
timeline	O
.	O

Most	O
infections	B-DISO
occurred	O
before	O
the	O
quarantine	O
start	O
.	O

This	O
includes	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
,	O
which	O
has	O
high	O
sequence	O
similarity	O
to	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
and	O
is	O
the	O
best	O
-	O
characterized	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
in	O
terms	O
of	O
epitope	B-CHED
responses	O
.	O

These	O
predictions	O
can	O
facilitate	O
effective	O
vaccine	O
design	O
against	O
this	O
virus	B-SPEC
of	O
high	O
priority	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
The	O
cancellation	O
of	O
mass	O
gatherings	O
(	O
MGs	B-DISO
)?	O

Decision	O
making	O
in	O
the	O
time	O
of	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
.	O

Poor	O
awareness	O
for	O
the	O
disease	O
by	O
patients	O
and	O
physicians	O
,	O
high	O
prevalence	O
of	O
the	O
post	O
-	O
PE	O
syndrome	B-DISO
(	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Nonresolving	O
inflammation	B-DISO
,	O
a	O
hallmark	O
of	O
underlying	O
severe	O
inflammatory	O
processes	O
such	O
as	O
sepsis	B-DISO
,	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
and	O
multiple	B-DISO
organ	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
is	O
a	O
major	O
cause	O
of	O
admission	O
to	O
the	O
intensive	O
care	O
unit	O
and	O
high	O
mortality	O
rates	O
.	O

In	O
addition	O
,	O
active	O
adjuvant	B-CHED
therapy	O
is	O
also	O
important	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
correcting	O
coagulation	B-PROC
dysfunction	O
,	O
providing	O
proper	O
nutritional	O
support	O
,	O
accurate	O
volume	O
control	O
,	O
and	O
safe	O
individualized	O
blood	O
glucose	B-CHED
monitoring	O
and	O
control	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
investigate	O
the	O
safety	O
,	O
feasibility	O
,	O
and	O
possible	O
adverse	O
events	O
of	O
single	O
-	O
dose	O
human	O
umbilical	B-ANAT
cord	I-ANAT
-	O
derived	O
mesenchymal	B-ANAT
stem	I-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
in	O
patients	O
with	O
moderate	O
-	O
to	O
-	O
severe	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

The	O
child	O
evolved	O
to	O
refractory	O
hypoxemia	O
and	O
hypercapnia	B-DISO
,	O
requiring	O
high	O
parameters	O
of	O
mechanical	O
pulmonary	B-PROC
ventilation	I-PROC
and	O
use	O
of	O
vasoactive	O
agents	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
A	O
Trial	O
of	O
Lopinavir	O
-	O
Ritonavir	B-CHED
in	O
Adults	O
Hospitalized	O
with	O
Severe	O
Covid	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
.	O

This	O
is	O
particularly	O
needed	O
for	O
the	O
early	O
detection	B-PROC
of	I-PROC
virus	I-PROC
infections	B-DISO
as	O
now	O
required	O
for	O
Corona	B-CHED
diagnostic	O
.	O

In	O
situ	O
mRNA	B-CHED
analysis	O
,	O
however	O
,	O
is	O
a	O
formidable	O
challenge	O
and	O
currently	O
performed	O
with	O
sets	O
of	O
single	O
-	O
fluorophore	O
containing	O
oligonucleotide	B-CHED
probes	O
that	O
hybridize	O
to	O
the	O
mRNA	B-CHED
at	O
question	O
.	O

In	O
order	B-SPEC
to	O
implement	O
the	O
central	O
government	O
'	O
s	O
decision	O
-	O
making	O
deployment	O
and	O
defeat	O
the	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
as	O
soon	O
as	O
possible	O
,	O
we	O
had	O
focused	O
on	O
the	O
key	O
points	O
in	O
the	O
clinical	O
work	O
of	O
general	O
surgery	O
according	O
to	O
latest	O
relevant	O
guidelines	O
,	O
literature	O
and	O
experience	O
in	O
epidemic	O
prevention	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Structure	O
-	O
Guided	O
Mutagenesis	B-PROC
Alters	O
Deubiquitinating	B-PROC
Activity	O
and	O
Attenuates	O
Pathogenesis	B-DISO
of	O
a	O
Murine	O
Coronavirus	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Coronaviruses	O
express	O
a	O
multifunctional	O
papain	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
like	I-PRGE
protease	I-PRGE
,	O
termed	O
PLP2	B-PRGE
.	O

Here	O
,	O
we	O
evaluated	O
the	O
host	B-COMP
transcriptional	B-PROC
response	O
to	O
infection	B-DISO
with	O
murine	B-SPEC
coronaviruses	O
encoding	O
independent	O
mutations	O
in	O
one	O
of	O
two	O
different	O
viral	O
antagonists	B-CHED
:	O
the	O
deubiquitinase	B-PROC
(	O
DUB	B-PRGE
)	O
within	O
nonstructural	O
protein	B-CHED
3	O
or	O
the	O
endoribonuclease	O
(	O
EndoU	O
)	O
within	O
nonstructural	O
protein	B-CHED
15	O
.	O

We	O
highlight	O
the	O
current	O
state	O
of	O
knowledge	O
of	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
biology	O
while	O
answering	O
questions	O
concerning	O
the	O
current	O
outbreak	O
of	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Patients	O
with	O
myelodysplastic	B-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
/	O
myeloproliferative	B-DISO
neoplasm	I-DISO
(	O
MDS	B-DISO
/	O
MPN	O
)	O
are	O
often	O
asymptomatic	O
and	O
thus	O
can	O
remain	O
undiagnosed	O
until	O
they	O
become	O
symptomatic	O
due	O
to	O
progression	O
to	O
the	O
accelerated	O
phase	O
(	O
AP	O
)	O
or	O
transformation	B-DISO
to	O
acute	B-DISO
leukemia	I-DISO
(	O
leukemic	O
transformation	B-DISO
;	O
LT	O
).	O

The	O
total	O
area	O
consists	O
of	O
three	O
zones	O
crowded	O
zone	O
,	O
mid	O
zone	O
and	O
uncrowded	O
zone	O
,	O
with	O
different	O
infection	B-DISO
probabilities	O
characterized	O
by	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
people	O
gathered	O
there	O
.	O

On	O
the	O
other	O
hand	O
,	O
the	O
stagnant	O
growth	O
of	O
Infected	O
can	O
be	O
observed	O
when	O
the	O
time	O
spent	O
in	O
the	O
crowded	O
zone	O
is	O
reduced	O
to	O
4	O
hours	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
growth	B-PROC
number	O
of	O
Infected	O
will	O
decrease	O
and	O
the	O
spread	O
of	O
the	O
infection	B-DISO
will	O
subside	O
gradually	O
if	O
the	O
time	O
spent	O
in	O
the	O
crowded	O
zone	O
is	O
further	O
cut	O
to	O
2	O
hours	O
.	O

This	O
means	O
that	O
AI	O
-	O
driven	O
tools	O
help	O
identify	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
outbreaks	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
forecast	O
their	O
nature	O
of	O
spread	O
across	O
the	O
globe	B-ANAT
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Coronavirus	B-SPEC
disease	I-DISO
2019	I-DISO
(	O
COVID	O
-	O
19	O
)	O
caused	O
by	O
severe	B-SPEC
acute	I-SPEC
respiratory	I-SPEC
syndrome	I-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
2	I-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
CoV	I-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
2	I-SPEC
)	O
is	O
an	O
ongoing	O
global	O
health	O
emergency	B-DISO
.	O

This	O
modified	O
3I	O
Tool	O
will	O
assist	O
emergency	B-DISO
and	O
primary	O
care	O
clinicians	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
out	O
-	O
of	O
-	O
hospital	O
providers	O
,	O
in	O
effectively	O
managing	O
persons	O
with	O
suspected	O
or	O
confirmed	O
2019	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
nCoV	I-SPEC
.	O

Conclusion	O
The	O
extent	O
of	O
lung	B-ANAT
abnormalities	O
on	O
CT	O
peaked	O
during	O
illness	O
days	O
6	O
-	O
11	O
.	O

Materials	O
and	O
Methods	O
In	O
this	O
retrospective	O
and	O
multi	O
-	O
center	O
study	O
,	O
a	O
deep	O
learning	B-PROC
model	O
,	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
detection	O
neural	B-PROC
network	I-PROC
(	O
COVNet	O
),	O
was	O
developed	O
to	O
extract	O
visual	O
features	O
from	O
volumetric	O
chest	B-ANAT
CT	O
exams	O
for	O
the	O
detection	O
of	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
.	O

Conclusions	O
A	O
deep	O
learning	B-PROC
model	O
can	O
accurately	O
detect	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
and	O
differentiate	O
it	O
from	O
community	B-DISO
acquired	I-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
and	O
other	O
lung	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Coronavirus	O
disease	O
2019	O
,	O
abbreviated	O
to	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
and	O
sustained	O
by	O
the	O
severe	B-SPEC
acute	I-SPEC
respiratory	I-SPEC
syndrome	I-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
2	I-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
CoV	I-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
2	I-SPEC
),	O
is	O
the	O
latest	O
biological	O
hazard	O
to	O
assume	O
the	O
relevance	O
of	O
insidious	O
worldwide	O
threat	O
.	O

He	O
said	O
that	O
the	O
WHO	O
is	O
""""	O
deeply	O
concerned	O
both	O
by	O
the	O
alarming	O
levels	O
of	O
spread	O
and	O
severity	O
and	O
by	O
the	O
alarming	O
levels	O
of	O
inaction	O
","""	O
and	O
he	O
called	O
on	O
countries	O
to	O
take	O
action	O
now	O
to	O
contain	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
.	O

Here	O
we	O
review	O
strategies	O
that	O
could	O
help	O
stem	B-ANAT
the	O
advance	O
of	O
the	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
COV	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
epidemic	O
.	O

This	O
report	O
analyzes	O
the	O
first	O
100	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
patients	O
in	O
Singapore	O
to	O
determine	O
the	O
effectiveness	O
of	O
the	O
surveillance	O
and	O
containment	O
measures	O
.	O

Testing	O
on	O
its	O
own	O
will	O
not	O
stop	O
the	O
spread	O
of	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
.	O

Misdiagnosed	O
infection	B-DISO
can	O
progress	O
to	O
a	O
wide	O
range	O
of	O
life	O
-	O
threatening	O
pathologies	O
,	O
including	O
severe	B-DISO
anemia	I-DISO
and	O
cerebral	B-DISO
malaria	B-PATH
which	O
can	O
lead	O
to	O
death	B-PROC
even	O
few	O
days	O
after	O
first	O
symptoms	O
appearance	O
.	O

SARS	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
CoV	I-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
2	I-SPEC
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
came	O
back	B-ANAT
positive	O
24	O
hours	O
later	O
.	O

Although	O
respiratory	O
viral	O
co	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
is	O
thought	O
to	O
be	O
relatively	O
uncommon	O
in	O
adults	O
,	O
this	O
case	O
reflects	O
that	O
SARS	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
CoV	I-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
2	I-SPEC
testing	O
algorithms	O
that	O
exclude	O
patients	O
who	O
test	O
positive	O
for	O
routine	O
viral	O
pathogens	O
may	O
miss	O
SARS	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
CoV	I-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
2	I-SPEC
co	O
-	O
infected	O
patients	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
In	O
December	O
2019	O
,	O
a	O
new	O
outbreak	O
of	O
corona	B-DISO
virus	B-PROC
disease	I-PROC
2019	I-DISO
began	O
to	O
occur	O
.	O

(	O
2	O
)	O
Colonoscopy	O
examination	O
may	O
cause	O
cross	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
of	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
to	O
patients	O
and	O
doctors	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
,	O
Australia	O
:	O
Epidemiology	O
Report	O
7	O
(	O
Reporting	O
week	O
ending	O
19	O
:	O
00	O
AEDT	O
14	O
March	O
2020	O
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Investigation	O
of	O
three	O
clusters	B-CHED
of	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
in	O
Singapore	O
:	O
implications	O
for	O
surveillance	O
and	O
response	O
measures	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Three	O
clusters	O
of	O
coronavirus	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
2019	I-DISO
(	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
)	O
linked	O
to	O
a	O
tour	O
group	O
from	O
China	O
,	O
a	O
company	O
conference	O
,	O
and	O
a	O
church	O
were	O
identified	O
in	O
Singapore	O
in	O
February	O
,	O
2020	O
.	O

We	O
reported	O
the	O
median	O
(	O
IQR	O
)	O
incubation	O
period	O
of	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
.	O

The	O
CT	O
manifestations	O
and	O
clinical	O
data	O
of	O
73	O
patients	O
with	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
were	O
retrospectively	O
collected	O
in	O
6	O
hospitals	O
from	O
Jan	O
21	O
to	O
Feb	O
3	O
,	O
2020	O
.	O

In	O
the	O
21	O
patients	O
(	O
29	O
%)	O
with	O
severe	O
type	O
,	O
extensive	O
GGO	O
and	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
consolidation	I-DISO
were	O
found	O
in	O
16	O
cases	O
(	O
16	O
/	O
21	O
,	O
76	O
%)	O
and	O
5	O
cases	O
(	O
24	O
%),	O
respectively	O
.	O

On	O
the	O
resolutive	O
phase	O
of	O
the	O
disease	O
,	O
CT	O
abnormalities	O
showed	O
complete	O
resolution	O
,	O
or	O
demonstrated	O
residual	O
linear	O
opacities	B-DISO
.	O

Traditional	O
respiratory	O
support	O
consists	O
mainly	O
of	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
,	O
but	O
the	O
prognosis	O
of	O
this	O
condition	B-DISO
is	O
still	O
poor	O
.	O

In	O
diagnosis	O
,	O
chest	B-ANAT
computed	O
tomography	O
(	O
CT	O
)	O
manifestations	O
can	O
supplement	O
parts	O
of	O
limitations	O
of	O
real	O
-	O
time	O
reverse	B-PROC
transcription	I-PROC
polymerase	O
chain	O
reaction	O
(	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
)	O
assay	O
.	O

•	O
Emerging	O
atypical	O
CT	O
manifestations	O
,	O
including	O
airway	B-ANAT
changes	O
,	O
pleural	O
changes	O
,	O
fibrosis	O
,	O
nodules	B-DISO
,	O
etc	O
.,	O
were	O
demonstrated	O
in	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
patients	O
.	O

Laboratory	O
findings	O
revealed	O
normal	O
or	O
increased	O
whole	B-ANAT
blood	I-ANAT
counts	O
(	O
7	O
/	O
8	O
),	O
increased	O
C	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
reactive	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
,	O
procalcitonin	O
and	O
lactate	B-PRGE
dehydrogenase	I-PRGE
(	O
6	O
/	O
8	O
),	O
and	O
abnormal	B-DISO
liver	I-DISO
function	I-DISO
(	O
4	O
/	O
8	O
).	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
With	O
the	O
2019	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
nCoV	I-SPEC
pandemic	O
spreading	O
quickly	O
in	O
USA	O
and	O
the	O
world	O

The	O
2019	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
nCoV	I-SPEC
is	O
a	O
novel	O
virus	B-SPEC
so	O
the	O
majority	O
of	O
world	O
'	O
s	O
population	O
does	O
not	O
have	O
prior	O
immunity	B-PROC
to	O
it	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
BACKGROUND	O
From	O
the	O
end	O
of	O
December	O
2019	O
,	O
coronavirus	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
2019	I-DISO
(	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
)	O
began	O
to	O
spread	O
in	O
central	O
China	O
.	O

Anxiety	O
was	O
assessed	O
using	O
the	O
Self	O
-	O
Rating	O
Anxiety	O
Scale	O
(	O
SAS	O
)	O
questionnaire	O
,	O
stress	O
was	O
assessed	O
using	O
the	O
Stanford	O
Acute	B-DISO
Stress	I-DISO
Reaction	I-DISO
(	O
SASR	O
)	O
questionnaire	O
,	O
and	O
sleep	O
was	O
assessed	O
using	O
the	O
Pittsburgh	O
Sleep	B-PROC
Quality	O
Index	O
(	O
PSQI	O
)	O
questionnaire	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Prediction	O
of	O
the	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
(	O
2019	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
nCoV	I-SPEC
)	O
3C	O
-	O
like	O
protease	O
(	O
3CL	O
ABSTRACT	O
:	O
We	O
prepared	O
the	O
three	O
-	O
dimensional	O
model	O
of	O
the	O
SARS	O
-	O
CoV	O
-	O
2	O
(	O
aka	B-SPEC
2019	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
nCoV	I-SPEC
)	O
3C	O
-	O
like	O
protease	O
(	O
3CL	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Human	B-SPEC
coronaviruses	O
(	O
HCoVs	O
),	O
including	O
severe	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
and	O
2019	B-SPEC
novel	I-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
(	O
2019	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
nCoV	I-SPEC
,	O
also	O
known	O
as	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
),	O
lead	O
global	O
epidemics	O
with	O
high	O
morbidity	O
and	O
mortality	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Human	B-SPEC
coronaviruses	O
continue	O
to	O
pose	O
a	O
threat	O
to	O
human	B-SPEC
health	O
.	O

Healthcare	O
providers	O
,	O
and	O
particularly	O
anesthesiologists	O
,	O
are	O
at	O
the	O
frontline	O
of	O
this	O
epidemic	O
,	O
and	O
they	O
need	O
to	O
be	O
aware	O
of	O
the	O
best	O
available	O
evidence	O
to	O
guide	O
therapeutic	O
management	O
of	O
patients	O
with	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
and	O
to	O
keep	O
themselves	O
safe	O
while	O
doing	O
so	O
.	O

Here	O
,	O
the	O
authors	O
review	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
pathogenesis	B-DISO
,	O
presentation	O
,	O
diagnosis	O
,	O
and	O
potential	O
therapeutics	O
,	O
with	O
a	O
focus	O
on	O
management	O
of	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
-	O
associated	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Response	O
of	O
Chinese	O
Anesthesiologists	O
to	O
the	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
Outbreak	O
.	O

Lung	O
-	O
protective	O
ventilation	O
,	O
prone	O
position	O
ventilation	O
,	O
and	O
adequate	O
sedation	B-DISO
and	O
analgesia	B-DISO
are	O
essential	O
components	O
of	O
ventilation	O
management	O
.	O

If	O
used	O
in	O
an	O
optimal	O
population	O
,	O
PMX	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
HP	I-PRGE
may	O
be	O
beneficial	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
The	O
final	O
study	O
cohort	O
comprised	O
741	O
sepsis	B-DISO
patients	O
(	O
92	O
received	O
PMX	O
-	O
HP	O
,	O
625	O
did	O
not	O
).	O

Establish	O
a	O
clinically	O
predictive	O
score	O
that	O
includes	O
severe	O
infection	B-DISO
for	O
pediatric	O
patients	O
to	O
evaluate	O
the	O
risk	O
of	O
mortality	O
in	O
children	O
in	O
order	B-SPEC
to	O
improve	O
poor	O
outcomes	O
.	O

Droplet	O
microfluidic	O
systems	O
have	O
the	O
capability	O
to	O
overcome	O
such	O
limitations	O
by	O
conducting	B-PROC
complex	O
multi	O
-	O
step	O
assays	O
with	O
high	O
reliability	O
,	O
resolution	O
,	O
and	O
throughput	O
in	O
a	O
pico	O
-	O
liter	O
volume	O
water	B-CHED
-	O
in	O
-	O
oil	O
emulsion	O
droplet	O
format	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
:	O
a	O
recommendation	O
to	O
examine	O
the	O
effect	O
of	O
hydroxychloroquine	O
in	O
preventing	O
infection	B-DISO
and	O
progression	O
.	O

The	O
transition	B-DISO
from	O
first	O
symptoms	O
to	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
is	O
highly	O
likely	O
to	O
be	O
due	O
to	O
uncontrolled	O
cytokine	O
release	B-PATH
.	O

HCQ	O
is	O
likely	O
to	O
attenuate	O
the	O
severe	O
progression	O
of	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
,	O
inhibiting	O
the	O
cytokine	B-DISO
storm	I-DISO
by	O
suppressing	O
T	B-PROC
cell	I-PROC
activation	I-PROC
.	O

This	O
novel	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
has	O
specifically	O
high	O
morbidity	O
in	O
the	O
elderly	O
and	O
in	O
comorbid	O
populations	O
.	O

The	O
most	O
common	O
underlying	O
disease	O
was	O
hematologic	B-DISO
malignancies	I-DISO
(	O
47	O
.	O
4	O
%),	O
followed	O
by	O
colorectal	B-PATH
cancer	I-PATH
(	O
21	O
%)	O
and	O
lung	B-DISO
cancer	B-SPEC
(	O
15	O
.	O
8	O
%).	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
infection	B-DISO
resulted	O
in	O
a	O
high	O
case	O
fatality	O
rate	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
malignancy	B-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
This	O
strain	O
of	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
is	O
a	O
new	O
one	O
and	O
scientists	O
do	O
not	O
yet	O
know	O
all	O
there	O
is	O
to	O
know	O
about	O
it	O
.	O

Immune	B-PROC
function	I-PROC
is	O
a	O
strong	O
defense	O
against	O
invasive	O
pathogens	O
and	O
there	O
is	O
currently	O
no	O
specific	O
antiviral	B-CHED
drug	I-CHED
against	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
.	O

This	O
article	O
reviews	O
the	O
immunological	O
changes	O
of	O
coronaviruses	O
like	O
SARS	O
,	O
MERS	O
and	O
other	B-DISO
viral	I-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
similar	O
to	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
.	O

Studies	O
have	O
revealed	O
the	O
effect	O
of	O
temperature	O
and	O
humidity	O
on	O
respiratory	O
virus	B-SPEC
stability	O
and	O
transmission	O
rates	O
.	O

Newer	O
laboratory	O
methods	O
are	O
fast	B-FUNC
,	O
highly	O
sensitive	O
and	O
specific	O
,	O
and	O
are	O
gradually	O
replacing	O
the	O
conventional	O
gold	B-CHED
standards	O
.	O

Alternatively	O
,	O
repeated	O
testing	O
can	O
be	O
used	O
because	O
over	O
time	O
,	O
the	O
likelihood	O
of	O
the	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
being	O
present	O
in	O
the	O
nasal	B-ANAT
-	O
pharynx	B-ANAT
increases	O
.	O

One	O
of	O
the	O
five	O
patients	O
had	O
transient	O
hemostatic	B-PROC
medication	O
for	O
hemoptysis	B-DISO
.	O

Unlike	O
common	O
viral	O
agents	O
(	O
such	O
as	O
Adenovirus	B-DISO
,	O
Rhinovirus	B-SPEC
,	O
Norovirus	B-SPEC
,	O
Influenza	B-DISO
,	O
Respiratory	B-SPEC
Syncytial	I-SPEC
Virus	I-SPEC
),	O
Coronaviruses	O
have	O
not	O
shown	O
to	O
cause	O
a	O
more	O
severe	O
disease	O
in	O
immunosuppressed	O
patients	O
.	O

This	O
event	O
documents	O
early	O
importation	O
and	O
subsequent	O
spread	O
of	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
in	O
Europe	O
.	O

Rapid	O
clinical	O
recognition	O
of	O
rhabdomyolysis	B-DISO
symptoms	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	B-SPEC
acute	I-SPEC
respiratory	I-SPEC
syndrome	I-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
2	I-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
can	O
be	O
lifesaving	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
first	O
confirmed	O
case	O
of	O
coronavirus	O
disease	O
2019	O
(	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
)	O
in	O
the	O
United	O
States	O
was	O
reported	O
on	O
January	O
20	O
,	O
2020	O
,	O
in	O
Snohomish	O
County	O
,	O
Washington	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
A	O
case	O
of	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
and	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
returning	O
from	O
Macau	O
in	O
Taiwan	O
:	O
Clinical	O
course	O
and	O
anti	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
SARS	B-DISO
-	I-SPEC
CoV	I-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
2	I-SPEC
IgG	I-PRGE
dynamic	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Transmission	O
potential	O
and	O
severity	O
of	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
in	O
South	O
Korea	O
.	O

In	O
addition	O
,	O
the	O
intrinsic	O
growth	B-PROC
rate	O
was	O
estimated	O
at	O
0	O
.	O
6	O
(	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
:	O
0	O
.	O
6	O
,	O
0	O
.	O
7	O
)	O
and	O
the	O
scaling	O
of	O
growth	B-PROC
parameter	O
was	O
estimated	O
at	O
0	O
.	O
8	O
(	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
:	O
0	O
.	O
7	O
,	O
0	O
.	O
8	O
),	O
indicating	O
sub	O
-	O
exponential	O
growth	B-PROC
dynamics	O
of	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
We	O
identified	O
four	O
major	O
clusters	B-CHED
and	O
estimated	O
the	O
reproduction	B-PROC
number	O
at	O
1	O
.	O
5	O
(	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
:	O
1	O
.	O
4	O
-	O
1	O
.	O
6	O
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Practical	O
laboratory	O
considerations	O
amidst	O
the	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
outbreak	O
:	O
early	O
experience	O
from	O
Singapore	O
.	O

The	O
World	O
Health	O
Organization	O
has	O
classified	O
this	O
pandemic	O
as	O
a	O
global	O
health	O
emergency	B-DISO
due	O
to	O
its	O
virulent	O
nature	O
of	O
transmission	O
,	O
which	O
may	O
lead	O
to	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
pandemic	O
caused	O
by	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
is	O
a	O
global	O
health	O
emergency	B-DISO
.	O

We	O
here	O
aim	O
to	O
describe	O
the	O
time	O
kinetics	O
of	O
various	O
antibodies	B-COMP
produced	O
against	O
the	O
2019	B-SPEC
novel	I-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
CoV	I-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
2	I-SPEC
)	O
and	O
evaluate	O
the	O
potential	O
of	O
antibody	B-COMP
testing	O
to	O
diagnose	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
first	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
)	O
case	O
was	O
reported	O
in	O
United	O
States	O
(	O
US	O
),	O
in	O
the	O
state	O
of	O
Washington	O
,	O
approximately	O
three	O
months	O
after	O
the	O
outbreak	O
in	O
Wuhan	O
,	O
China	O
.	O

The	O
number	O
of	O
confirmed	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
positive	O
cases	O
increased	O
rather	O
rapidly	O
and	O
changed	O
routine	O
daily	O
activities	O
of	O
the	O
community	O
.	O

This	O
brief	O
report	O
describes	O
the	O
response	O
from	O
the	O
hospital	O
,	O
the	O
regional	O
blood	B-ANAT
center	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
hospital	O
-	O
based	O
transfusion	O
services	O
to	O
the	O
events	O
that	O
took	O
place	O
in	O
the	O
community	O
during	O
the	O
initial	O
phases	O
of	O
the	O
pandemic	O
.	O

Blood	B-ANAT
units	O
provided	O
from	O
blood	B-ANAT
centers	O
of	O
non	O
-	O
affected	O
areas	O
of	O
the	O
country	O
helped	O
keep	O
inventory	O
stable	O
and	O
allow	O
for	O
routine	O
hospital	O
operations	O
.	O

The	O
hospital	O
-	O
based	O
transfusion	O
service	O
began	O
prospective	O
triaging	O
of	O
blood	B-ANAT
orders	O
to	O
monitor	O
and	O
prioritize	O
blood	B-ANAT
utilization	O
.	O

Compared	O
with	O
the	O
mild	O
cases	O
,	O
the	O
severe	O
cases	O
had	O
lower	O
lymphocyte	B-ANAT
counts	O
and	O
higher	O
plasma	B-ANAT
levels	O
of	O
Pt	O
,	O
APTT	O
,	O
D	O
-	O
dimer	O
,	O
LDH	B-PRGE
,	O
PCT	B-DISO
,	O
ALB	B-PRGE
,	O
CRP	B-PRGE
,	O
and	O
AST	B-PRGE
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
:	O
A	O
Singapore	O
Orthopedic	O
resident	O
'	O
s	O
musings	O
in	O
the	O
Emergency	B-DISO
Department	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Case	O
report	O
of	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
in	O
a	O
kidney	B-ANAT
transplant	I-ANAT
recipient	O
:	O
Does	O
immunosuppression	B-PROC
alter	O
the	O
clinical	O
presentation	O
?	O

In	O
these	O
high	O
risk	O
populations	O
,	O
protocols	O
for	O
screening	O
for	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
Cov2	O
may	O
be	O
needed	O
to	O
be	O
re	O
-	O
evaluated	O
.	O

Therefore	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
difficult	O
to	O
distinguish	O
between	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
and	O
some	O
types	O
of	O
new	O
-	O
onset	O
ILD	O
or	O
other	O
causes	O
leading	O
to	O
acute	O
exacerbation	O
of	O
ILD	O
.	O

But	O
so	O
far	O
,	O
the	O
pathological	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
has	O
been	O
relatively	O
deficient	O
：	O
it	O
is	O
still	O
confined	O
to	O
the	O
pathological	O
findings	O
of	O
punctured	O
organs	B-ANAT
,	O
and	O
the	O
majority	O
of	O
medical	O
workers	O
have	O
poor	O
awareness	O
of	O
its	O
pathological	O
characteristics	O
.	O

The	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
,	O
as	O
same	O
as	O
SARS	B-DISO
and	O
MERS	O
,	O
is	O
caused	O
by	O
coronaviruses	O
and	O
can	O
cause	O
viral	B-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
.	O

32	O
(	O
18	O
%)	O
countries	O
had	O
low	O
readiness	O
(	O
2	O
[	O
1	O
%]	O
at	O
level	O
1	O
and	O
30	O
[	O
17	O
%]	O
at	O
level	O
2	O
),	O
and	O
104	O
(	O
57	O
%)	O
countries	O
were	O
operationally	O
ready	O
to	O
prevent	O
,	O
detect	O
,	O
and	O
control	O
an	O
outbreak	O
of	O
a	O
novel	O
infectious	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
(	O
66	O
[	O
36	O
%]	O
at	O
level	O
4	O
and	O
38	O
[	O
21	O
%]	O
at	O
level	O
5	O
).	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
A	O
novel	O
form	O
of	O
Coronavirus	O
(	O
2019	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
nCoV	I-SPEC
)	O
in	O
Wuhan	O
has	O
created	O
a	O
confused	B-DISO
and	O
rapidly	O
evolving	O
situation	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
new	O
coronavirus	O
(	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
)	O
outbreak	O
from	O
December	O
2019	O
in	O
Wuhan	O
,	O
Hubei	O
,	O
China	O
,	O
has	O
been	O
declared	O
a	O
global	O
public	O
health	O
emergency	B-DISO
.	O

SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
may	O
use	O
co	O
-	O
receptors	O
/	O
auxiliary	O
proteins	B-CHED
as	O
ACE2	B-PRGE
partner	I-PRGE
to	O
facilitate	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
entry	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
The	O
characteristics	O
and	O
clinical	O
value	O
of	O
chest	B-ANAT
CT	O
images	O
of	O
novel	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
pneumonia	B-DISO
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
The	O
main	O
clinical	O
manifestations	O
were	O
fever	B-PROC
,	O
dry	B-DISO
cough	I-DISO
,	O
fatigue	B-DISO
,	O
a	O
little	O
white	O
sputum	B-ANAT
,	O
or	O
diarrhoea	B-DISO
.	O

Research	O
suggests	O
remarkable	O
genomic	O
resemblance	O
of	O
2019	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
nCoV	I-SPEC
with	O
Severe	B-DISO
Acute	I-DISO
Respiratory	I-DISO
Syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
which	O
has	O
a	O
history	O
of	O
a	O
pandemic	O
in	O
2002	O
.	O

Several	O
effective	O
measures	O
including	O
restricting	O
travel	O
from	O
China	O
,	O
controlling	O
the	O
distribution	O
of	O
masks	O
,	O
extensive	O
investigation	O
of	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
spread	O
,	O
and	O
at	O
once	O
daily	O
press	O
conference	O
by	O
government	O
to	O
inform	O
and	O
educate	O
people	O
were	O
aggressively	O
conducted	O
in	O
Taiwan	O
.	O

CNGOF	O
.]	O
ABSTRACT	O
:	O
A	O
new	O
coronavirus	O
(	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
)	O
highlighted	O
at	O
the	O
end	O
of	O
2019	O
in	O
China	O
is	O
spreading	O
across	O
all	O
continents	O
.	O

Subsequently	O
,	O
an	O
in	O
-	O
depth	O
analysis	O
of	O
cases	O
in	O
pregnant	O
women	O
will	O
be	O
necessary	O
in	O
order	B-SPEC
to	O
improve	O
knowledge	O
on	O
the	O
subject	O
.	O

We	O
hereby	O
reported	O
an	O
asymptomatic	O
discharged	O
patient	O
with	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
who	O
was	O
retested	O
positive	O
for	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
,	O
which	O
arouses	O
concern	O
regarding	O
the	O
present	O
discharge	B-ANAT
standard	O
of	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
.	O

As	O
the	O
clinical	O
spectrum	O
of	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
ranges	O
widely	O
from	O
mild	O
illness	O
to	O
ARDS	B-DISO
with	O
a	O
high	O
risk	O
of	O
mortality	O
,	O
there	O
is	O
a	O
need	O
for	O
more	O
research	O
to	O
identify	O
early	O
markers	O
of	O
disease	O
severity	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
:	O
gastrointestinal	B-DISO
symptoms	I-DISO
and	O
potential	O
sources	O
of	O
2019	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
nCoV	I-SPEC
transmission	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
As	O
the	O
infection	B-DISO
of	O
2019	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
nCoV	I-SPEC
coronavirus	B-SPEC
is	O
quickly	O
developing	O
into	O
a	O
global	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
epidemic	O
,	O
the	O
careful	O
analysis	O
of	O
its	O
transmission	O
and	O
cellular	B-COMP
mechanisms	O
is	O
sorely	O
needed	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Spike	O
protein	B-CHED
recognition	O
of	O
mammalian	B-SPEC
ACE2	O
predicts	O
the	O
host	B-COMP
range	O
and	O
an	O
optimized	O
ACE2	B-PRGE
for	O
SARS	O
-	O
CoV	O
-	O
2	O
infection	O
.	O

We	O
hereby	O
review	O
the	O
peer	O
-	O
reviewed	O
and	O
preprint	O
literature	O
pertaining	O
to	O
cardiovascular	B-ANAT
considerations	O
related	O
to	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
and	O
highlight	O
gaps	O
in	O
knowledge	O
that	O
require	O
further	O
study	O
pertinent	O
to	O
patients	O
,	O
health	O
care	O
workers	O
,	O
and	O
health	O
systems	O
.	O

It	O
is	O
concluded	O
that	O
the	O
problem	O
of	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
is	O
probably	O
being	O
overestimated	O
,	O
as	O
2	O
.	O
6	O
million	O
people	O
die	O
of	O
respiratory	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
each	O
year	O
compared	O
with	O
less	O
than	O
4000	O
deaths	B-PROC
for	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
at	O
the	O
time	O
of	O
writing	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Drug	O
targets	O
for	O
corona	B-CHED
virus	B-SPEC
:	O
A	O
systematic	O
review	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Up	O
to	O
November	O
2014	O
,	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
has	O
infected	O
935	O
individuals	O
and	O
killed	O
371	O
,	O
all	O
originating	O
in	O
or	O
with	O
links	O
to	O
the	O
Middle	O
East	O
.	O

The	O
mechanisms	O
of	O
transmission	O
of	O
the	O
disease	O
are	O
not	O
fully	O
understood	O
,	O
but	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
seems	O
to	O
sustain	O
itself	O
in	O
the	O
human	B-SPEC
population	O
through	O
repeated	O
re	O
-	O
introduction	O
from	O
a	O
camel	B-SPEC
reservoir	O
and	O
is	O
able	O
to	O
cause	O
nosocomial	O
outbreaks	O
.	O

Currently	O
,	O
there	O
is	O
a	O
lack	O
of	O
effective	O
antiviral	B-CHED
treatment	O
options	O
or	O
vaccine	O
available	O
.	O

This	O
review	O
focuses	O
on	O
exploring	O
various	O
host	B-COMP
resilience	O
mechanisms	O
that	O
could	O
be	O
exploited	O
for	O
treatment	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
,	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
and	O
other	O
respiratory	O
viruses	B-SPEC
that	O
cause	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
and	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

In	O
this	O
review	O
,	O
we	O
summarize	O
the	O
current	O
knowledge	O
on	O
PTMs	O
of	O
CoV	O
proteins	B-CHED
,	O
with	O
an	O
emphasis	O
on	O
their	O
impact	O
on	O
viral	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
and	O
pathogenesis	O
.	O

Recent	O
studies	O
have	O
shown	O
that	O
STAT3	B-PRGE
plays	O
important	O
roles	O
in	O
viral	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
and	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
.	O

STAT3	B-PRGE
exhibits	O
a	O
proviral	O
function	O
in	O
several	O
viral	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
,	O
including	O
those	O
of	O
HBV	B-DISO
,	O
HCV	B-SPEC
,	O
HSV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
1	I-SPEC
,	O
varicella	B-SPEC
zoster	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
,	O
human	B-SPEC
CMV	B-SPEC
and	O
measles	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
.	O

However	O
,	O
in	O
some	O
circumstances	O
,	O
STAT3	B-PRGE
has	O
an	O
antiviral	B-CHED
function	O
in	O
other	O
viral	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
,	O
such	O
as	O
enterovirus	B-SPEC
71	O
,	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
and	O
human	B-SPEC
metapneumovirus	I-SPEC
.	O

Their	O
members	O
include	O
zoonotic	O
viruses	B-SPEC
with	O
pandemic	O
potential	O
where	O
therapeutic	O
options	O
are	O
currently	O
limited	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Renin	B-ENZY
-	I-ANAT
angiotensin	B-CHED
system	I-ANAT
in	O
human	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
pathogenesis	B-DISO
.	O

There	O
were	O
9	O
family	B-SPEC
members	O
,	O
including	O
8	O
laboratory	O
-	O
confirmed	O
with	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
,	O
and	O
a	O
6	O
-	O
year	O
-	O
old	O
child	O
had	O
no	O
evidence	O
of	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Dermatology	O
staff	O
participate	O
in	O
fight	O
against	O
Covid	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
in	O
China	O
.	O

At	O
present	O
the	O
epidemic	O
in	O
China	O
has	O
been	O
well	O
controlled	O
,	O
but	O
Covid	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
are	O
currently	O
spreading	O
in	O
many	O
other	O
countries	O
all	O
over	O
the	O
world	O
.	O

In	O
this	O
paper	O
we	O
share	O
our	O
experiences	O
in	O
dealing	O
with	O
skin	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
in	O
this	O
special	O
period	O
and	O
hope	O
to	O
provide	O
some	O
references	O
for	O
international	O
colleagues	O
in	O
the	O
epidemic	O
situation	O
.	O

The	O
two	O
previously	O
reported	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
epidemics	O
(	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
[	O
SARS	B-DISO
]	O
and	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
[	O
MERS	O
])	O
share	O
similar	O
pathogenetic	O
,	O
epidemiological	O
and	O
clinical	O
features	O
as	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Prudent	O
public	O
health	O
intervention	O
strategies	O
to	O
control	O
the	O
coronavirus	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
2019	I-DISO
transmission	O
in	O
India	O
:	O
A	O
mathematical	O
model	O
-	O
based	O
approach	O
.	O

In	O
the	O
pessimistic	O
scenario	O
of	O
R0	O
=	O
4	O
,	O
and	O
asymptomatic	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
being	O
half	O
as	O
infectious	B-DISO
as	O
symptomatic	O
,	O
this	O
projected	O
impact	O
falls	O
to	O
two	O
per	O
cent	O
.	O

Once	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
establishes	O
transmission	O
within	O
the	O
community	O
,	O
quarantine	O
of	O
symptomatics	O
may	O
have	O
a	O
meaningful	O
impact	O
on	O
disease	O
burden	O
.	O

As	O
a	O
public	O
health	O
measure	O
,	O
health	O
system	O
and	O
community	O
preparedness	O
would	O
be	O
critical	O
to	O
control	O
any	O
impending	O
spread	O
of	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
in	O
the	O
country	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
coronavirus	O
disease	O
2019	O
(	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
)	O
pandemic	O
has	O
affected	O
hundreds	O
of	O
thousands	O
of	O
people	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Health	O
care	O
workers	O
exposed	O
to	O
coronavirus	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
2019	I-DISO
(	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
)	O
could	O
be	O
psychologically	O
stressed	O
.	O

The	O
degree	O
of	O
symptoms	B-DISO
of	I-DISO
depression	I-DISO
,	O
anxiety	O
,	O
insomnia	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
distress	O
was	O
assessed	O
by	O
the	O
Chinese	O
versions	O
of	O
the	O
9	O
-	O
item	O
Patient	O
Health	O
Questionnaire	O
,	O
the	O
7	O
-	O
item	O
Generalized	B-DISO
Anxiety	I-DISO
Disorder	I-DISO
scale	O
,	O
the	O
7	O
-	O
item	O
Insomnia	B-DISO
Severity	O
Index	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
22	O
-	O
item	O
Impact	O
of	O
Event	O
Scale	O
-	O
Revised	O
,	O
respectively	O
.	O

A	O
considerable	O
proportion	O
of	O
participants	O
reported	O
symptoms	O
of	O
depression	O
(	O
634	O
[	O
50	O
.	O
4	O
%]),	O
anxiety	O
(	O
560	O
[	O
44	O
.	O
6	O
%]),	O
insomnia	B-DISO
(	O
427	O
[	O
34	O
.	O
0	O
%]),	O
and	O
distress	O
(	O
899	O
[	O
71	O
.	O
5	O
%]).	O

Nurses	O
,	O
women	O
,	O
frontline	O
health	O
care	O
workers	O
,	O
and	O
those	O
working	O
in	O
Wuhan	O
,	O
China	O
,	O
reported	O
more	O
severe	O
degrees	O
of	O
all	O
measurements	O
of	O
mental	O
health	O
symptoms	O
than	O
other	O
health	O
care	O
workers	O
(	O
eg	O
,	O
median	O
[	O
IQR	O
]	O
Patient	O
Health	O
Questionnaire	O
scores	O
among	O
physicians	O
vs	O
nurses	O
:	O
4	O
.	O
0	O
[	O
1	O
.	O
0	O
-	O
7	O
.	O
0	O
]	O
vs	O
5	O
.	O
0	O
[	O
2	O
.	O
0	O
-	O
8	O
.	O
0	O
];	O
P	O
=	O
.	O
007	O
;	O
median	O
[	O
interquartile	O
range	O
{	O
IQR	O
}]	O
Generalized	B-DISO
Anxiety	I-DISO
Disorder	I-DISO
scale	O
scores	O
among	O
men	O
vs	O
women	O
:	O
2	O
.	O
0	O
[	O
0	O
-	O
6	O
.	O
0	O
]	O
vs	O
4	O
.	O
0	O
[	O
1	O
.	O
0	O
-	O
7	O
.	O
0	O
];	O
P	O
<	O
.	O
001	O
;	O
median	O
[	O
IQR	O
]	O
Insomnia	B-DISO
Severity	O
Index	O
scores	O
among	O
frontline	O
vs	O
second	O
-	O
line	O
workers	O
:	O
6	O
.	O
0	O
[	O
2	O
.	O
0	O
-	O
11	O
.	O
0	O
]	O
vs	O
4	O
.	O
0	O
[	O
1	O
.	O
0	O
-	O
8	O
.	O
0	O
];	O
P	O
<	O
.	O
001	O
;	O
median	O
[	O
IQR	O
]	O
Impact	O
of	O
Event	O
Scale	O
-	O
Revised	O
scores	O
among	O
those	O
in	O
Wuhan	O
vs	O
those	O
in	O
Hubei	O
outside	O
Wuhan	O
and	O
those	O
outside	O
Hubei	O
:	O
21	O
.	O
0	O
[	O
8	O
.	O
5	O
-	O
34	O
.	O
5	O
]	O
vs	O
18	O
.	O
0	O
[	O
6	O
.	O
0	O
-	O
28	O
.	O
0	O
]	O
in	O
Hubei	O
outside	O
Wuhan	O
and	O
15	O
.	O
0	O
[	O
4	O
.	O
0	O
-	O
26	O
.	O
0	O
]	O
outside	O
Hubei	O
;	O
P	O
<	O
.	O
001	O
).	O

(	O
PsycInfo	O
Database	O
Record	O
(	O
c	O
)	O
2020	O
APA	B-CHED
,	O
all	O
rights	O
reserved	O
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Recommendations	O
by	O
the	O
SEPD	O
and	O
AEG	O
,	O
both	O
in	O
general	O
and	O
on	O
the	O
operation	O
of	O
gastrointestinal	O
endoscopy	O
and	O
gastroenterology	O
units	O
,	O
concerning	O
the	O
current	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
pandemic	O
(	O
March	O
,	O
18	O
).	O

The	O
presence	O
of	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
RNA	I-PRGE
in	O
the	O
feces	B-ANAT
of	O
patients	O
infected	O
with	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
,	O
and	O
occasionally	O
in	O
colonic	B-ANAT
biopsy	O
samples	O
,	O
has	O
been	O
consistently	O
documented	O
.	O

In	O
fact	O
,	O
viral	O
elimination	B-PROC
in	O
the	O
feces	B-ANAT
may	O
be	O
more	O
prolonged	O
than	O
viral	O
identification	O
in	O
respiratory	B-ANAT
tract	I-ANAT
secretions	B-ANAT
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Characterization	O
of	O
the	O
receptor	O
-	O
binding	B-FUNC
domain	O
(	O
RBD	O
)	O
of	O
2019	B-SPEC
novel	I-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
:	O
implication	O
for	O
development	O
of	O
RBD	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
as	O
a	O
viral	O
attachment	O
inhibitor	B-CHED
and	O
vaccine	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
outbreak	O
of	O
Coronavirus	B-DISO
Disease	I-DISO
2019	I-DISO
(	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
)	O
has	O
posed	O
a	O
serious	O
threat	O
to	O
global	O
public	O
health	O
,	O
calling	O
for	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
safe	O
and	O
effective	O
prophylactics	O
and	O
therapeutics	O
against	O
infection	B-DISO
of	O
its	O
causative	O
agent	O
,	O
severe	B-SPEC
acute	I-SPEC
respiratory	I-SPEC
syndrome	I-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
2	I-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
CoV	I-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
2	I-SPEC
),	O
also	O
known	O
as	O
2019	B-SPEC
novel	I-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
(	O
2019	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
nCoV	I-SPEC
).	O

Here	O
,	O
we	O
identified	O
the	O
receptor	O
-	O
binding	B-FUNC
domain	O
(	O
RBD	O
)	O
in	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
S	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
and	O
found	O
that	O
the	O
RBD	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
bound	O
strongly	O
to	O
human	B-SPEC
and	O
bat	B-ENZY
angiotensin	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
converting	I-PRGE
enzyme	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
(	I-PRGE
ACE2	I-PRGE
)	I-PRGE
receptors	I-PRGE
.	O

The	O
number	O
of	O
patients	O
with	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
who	O
might	O
develop	O
severe	O
ARDS	B-DISO
that	O
is	O
refractory	O
to	O
maximal	O
medical	O
management	O
and	O
require	O
this	O
level	O
of	O
support	O
is	O
currently	O
unknown	O
.	O

Available	O
evidence	O
from	O
similar	O
patient	O
populations	O
suggests	O
that	O
carefully	O
selected	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
ARDS	B-DISO
who	O
do	O
not	O
benefit	O
from	O
conventional	O
treatment	O
might	O
be	O
successfully	O
supported	O
with	O
venovenous	O
ECMO	O
.	O

Ensuring	O
that	O
systems	O
enable	O
safe	O
and	O
coordinated	O
movement	B-PROC
of	O
critically	B-DISO
ill	I-DISO
patients	O
,	O
staff	O
,	O
and	O
equipment	O
is	O
important	O
to	O
improve	O
ECMO	O
access	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Here	O
,	O
we	O
review	O
the	O
most	O
recent	O
findings	O
on	O
the	O
effects	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
CoV	I-DISO
-	I-DISO
2	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
on	O
kidney	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
,	O
including	O
acute	O
kidney	B-ANAT
injury	O
,	O
and	O
examine	O
the	O
potential	O
effects	O
of	O
ARBs	O
on	O
the	O
outcomes	O
of	O
patients	O
with	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
.	O

Lastly	O
,	O
we	O
discuss	O
the	O
clinical	O
management	O
of	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
patients	O
with	O
existing	O
chronic	O
renal	B-DISO
disorders	I-DISO
,	O
particularly	O
those	O
in	O
dialysis	B-SPEC
and	O
with	O
kidney	B-ANAT
transplants	B-ANAT
.	O

The	O
aim	O
of	O
this	O
study	O
is	O
to	O
explore	O
the	O
impacts	O
of	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
on	O
people	O
'	O
s	O
mental	O
health	O
,	O
to	O
assist	O
policy	O
makers	O
to	O
develop	O
actionable	O
policies	O
,	O
and	O
help	O
clinical	O
practitioners	O
(	O
e	O
.	O
g	O
.,	O
social	O
workers	O
,	O
psychiatrists	O
,	O
and	O
psychologists	O
)	O
provide	O
timely	O
services	O
to	O
affected	O
populations	O
.	O

We	O
sample	O
and	O
analyze	O
the	O
Weibo	O
posts	O
from	O
17	O
,	O
865	O
active	O
Weibo	O
users	O
using	O
the	O
approach	O
of	O
Online	O
Ecological	O
Recognition	O
(	O
OER	O
)	O
based	O
on	O
several	O
machine	O
-	O
learning	B-PROC
predictive	O
models	O
.	O

People	O
were	O
concerned	O
more	O
about	O
their	O
health	O
and	O
family	B-SPEC
,	O
while	O
less	O
about	O
leisure	O
and	O
friends	O
.	O

The	O
recombinant	O
feIFN	O
-	O
ωa	O
and	O
feIFN	O
-	O
ωb	O
proteins	B-CHED
were	O
expressed	B-PROC
in	O
their	O
soluble	O
forms	O
in	O

For	O
an	O
appropriate	O
and	O
effective	O
approach	O
to	O
treat	O
severe	O
pediatric	O
respiratory	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
,	O
two	O
main	O
different	O
strategies	O
can	O
be	O
proposed	O
according	O
to	O
the	O
stage	O
and	O
severity	O
of	O
the	O
patient	O
conditions	O
:	O
patient	O
in	O
the	O
initial	O
phase	O
and	O
with	O
non	O
-	O
severe	O
lung	B-ANAT
pathology	B-DISO
and	O
patient	O
with	O
severe	O
initial	O
respiratory	O
impairment	B-DISO
and	O
/	O
or	O
with	O
delay	O
in	O
arrival	O
to	O
observation	O
.	O

At	O
the	O
end	O
of	O
January	O
2020	O
,	O
the	O
Working	O
Group	O
for	O
the	O
Prevention	O
and	O
Control	O
of	O
Neonatal	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
CoV	I-DISO
-	I-DISO
2	I-DISO
Infection	I-DISO
in	O
the	O
Perinatal	O
Period	O
of	O
the	O
Editorial	O
Committee	O
of	O
Chinese	O
Journal	O
of	O
Contemporary	O
Pediatrics	O
worked	O
out	O
the	O
perinatal	O
and	O
neonatal	O
management	O
plan	B-DISO
for	O
prevention	O
and	O
control	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
CoV	I-DISO
-	I-DISO
2	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
(	O
1st	O
Edition	O
).	O

This	O
plan	B-DISO
has	O
been	O
verified	O
by	O
clinical	O
practice	O
for	O
3	O
weeks	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
SARS	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
CoV	I-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
2	I-SPEC
infection	I-DISO
with	O
gastrointestinal	B-DISO
symptoms	I-DISO
as	O
the	O
first	O
manifestation	O
in	O
a	O
neonate	O
].	O

As	O
for	O
the	O
morphology	O
of	O
the	O
lesions	O
,	O
6	O
had	O
nodular	O
lesions	O
and	O
7	O
had	O
patchy	O
lesions	O
;	O
ground	O
glass	O
opacity	B-DISO
with	O
consolidation	O
was	O
observed	O
in	O
6	O
children	O
,	O
among	O
whom	O
3	O
had	O
halo	B-DISO
sign	I-DISO
,	O
and	O
there	O
was	O
no	O
typical	O
paving	O
stone	B-ANAT
sign	O
.	O

As	O
the	O
special	O
population	O
with	O
immature	O
immune	B-PROC
function	I-PROC
,	O
newborns	O
with	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
have	O
been	O
reported	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Coronavirus	O
disease	O
is	O
an	O
emerging	O
infection	B-DISO
caused	O
by	O
a	O
novel	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
that	O
is	O
moving	B-PROC
rapidly	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Imaging	O
Features	O
of	O
Coronavirus	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
2019	I-DISO
(	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
):	O
Evaluation	O
on	O
Thin	O
-	O
Section	O
CT	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
retrospectively	O
analyze	O
the	O
chest	O
imaging	O
findings	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
coronavirus	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
2019	I-DISO
(	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
)	O
on	O
thin	O
-	O
section	O
CT	O
.	O

Two	O
chest	B-ANAT
radiologists	O
independently	O
evaluated	O
the	O
imaging	O
in	O
terms	O
of	O
distribution	O
,	O
ground	O
-	O
glass	O
opacity	B-DISO
(	O
GGO	O
),	O
consolidation	O
,	O
air	B-CHED
bronchogram	O
,	O
stripe	O
,	O
enlarged	O
mediastinal	B-ANAT
lymph	I-ANAT
node	I-ANAT
,	O
and	O
pleural	B-DISO
effusion	I-DISO
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Fourty	O
-	O
seven	O
cases	O
(	O
88	O
.	O
7	O
%)	O
had	O
findings	O
of	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
,	O
and	O
the	O
other	O
six	O
(	O
11	O
.	O
3	O
%)	O
were	O
normal	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Interrupting	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
transmission	O
by	O
implementing	O
enhanced	O
traffic	O
control	O
bundling	O
:	O
Implications	O
for	O
global	O
prevention	O
and	O
control	O
efforts	O
.	O

COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
cases	O
with	O
and	O
without	O
travel	O
history	O
to	O
China	O
were	O
divided	O
into	O
cohorts	O
according	O
to	O
the	O
Healthcare	O
Access	O
and	O
Quality	O
Index	O
(	O
HAQ	O
-	O
Index	O
)	O
of	O
each	O
country	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
The	O
index	O
case	O
of	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
in	O
Scotland	O
:	O
a	O
case	O
report	O
.	O

The	O
goal	O
of	O
this	O
study	O
is	O
to	O
demonstrate	O
the	O
antiviral	B-CHED
activity	O
of	O
LH	O
against	O
the	O
novel	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
virus	B-SPEC
and	O
its	O
potential	O
effect	O
in	O
regulating	O
host	B-COMP
immune	B-PROC
response	I-PROC
.	O

LH	O
significantly	O
inhibited	O
SARS	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
CoV	I-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
2	I-SPEC
replication	O
in	O
Vero	O
E6	O
cells	B-COMP
and	O
markedly	O
reduced	O
pro	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
inflammatory	I-PRGE
cytokines	I-PRGE
(	O
TNF	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
α	I-PRGE
,	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
6	I-FUNC
,	O
CCL	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
/	I-PRGE
MCP	B-FUNC
-	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
and	O
CXCL	O
-	O
10	O
/	O
IP	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
10	I-PRGE
)	O
production	O
at	O
the	O
mRNA	B-CHED
levels	O
.	O

Unlike	O
other	O
CRCoVs	O
,	O
there	O
was	O
no	O
evidence	O
of	O
recombination	B-PROC
in	O
Swedish	O
CRCoV	O
isolates	O
,	O
further	O
supporting	O
a	O
single	O
introduction	O
.	O

Other	O
viral	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
were	O
identified	O
in	O
49	O
%	O
of	O
the	O
patients	O
,	O
with	O
most	O
common	O
pathogens	O
being	O
influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
and	O
B	O
viruses	B-SPEC
,	O
rhinovirus	B-SPEC
,	O
metapneumovirus	B-SPEC
and	O
common	O
coronaviruses	O
,	O
notably	O
HKU1	O
and	O
NL63	O
.	O

Other	O
viral	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
were	O
identified	O
in	O
49	O
%	O
of	O
the	O
patients	O
,	O
with	O
most	O
common	O
pathogens	O
being	O
influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
and	O
B	O
viruses	B-SPEC
,	O
rhinovirus	B-SPEC
,	O
metapneumovirus	B-SPEC
and	O
common	O
coronaviruses	O
,	O
notably	O
HKU1	O
and	O
NL63	O
.	O

Early	O
rule	O
-	O
out	O
of	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
allows	O
public	O
health	O
containment	O
measures	O
to	O
be	O
adjusted	O
by	O
reducing	O
the	O
time	O
spent	O
in	O
isolation	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Tilorone	O
:	O
A	O
Broad	O
-	O
Spectrum	O
Antiviral	B-CHED
For	O
Emerging	O
Viruses	B-SPEC
.	O

This	O
drug	O
is	O
used	O
as	O
a	O
broad	O
-	O
spectrum	O
antiviral	B-CHED
in	O
several	O
countries	O
of	O
the	O
Russian	O
Federation	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Insilico	O
Alpha	O
-	O
Helical	O
Structural	O
Recognition	O
of	O
Temporin	O
Antimicrobial	B-CHED
Peptides	B-CHED
and	O
Its	O
Interactions	O
with	O
Middle	O
East	O
Respiratory	O
Syndrome	O
-	O
Coronavirus	B-SPEC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Since	O
2012	O
and	O
to	O
date	O
,	O
outbreak	O
/	O
new	O
cases	O
of	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
-	O
related	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
were	O
always	O
reported	O
in	O
Saudi	O
Arabia	O
.	O

CoV	B-PRGE
spike	I-PRGE
(	I-PRGE
S	I-PRGE
)	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
which	O
is	O
crucial	O
for	O
receptor	B-FUNC
binding	I-FUNC
,	O
membrane	B-PROC
fusion	I-PROC
via	O
conformational	O
changes	O
,	O
internalization	O
of	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
,	O
host	B-COMP
tissue	B-PROC
tropism	B-PROC
and	O
comprises	O
crucial	O
targets	O
for	O
vaccine	O
development	B-PROC
,	O
remain	O
largely	O
uncharacterized	O
.	O

The	O
variation	O
in	O
glycosylation	B-PROC
sites	O
was	O
predicted	O
by	O
NetNGlyc	O
1	O
.	O
0	O
and	O
validated	O
by	O
N	O
-	O
GlyDE	O
server	O
.	O

We	O
studied	O
two	O
prospective	O
sepsis	B-DISO
cohorts	O
drawn	O
from	O
the	O
Early	O
Assessment	O
of	O
Renal	B-ANAT
and	O
Lung	B-ANAT
Injury	O
(	O
EARLI	O
;	O
n	O
=	O
474	O
)	O
and	O
Validating	O
Acute	O
Lung	B-ANAT
Injury	O
markers	O
for	O
Diagnosis	O
(	O
VALID	O
;	O
n	O
=	O
337	O
)	O
cohorts	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
How	O
to	O
perform	O
lung	B-ANAT
ultrasound	O
in	O
pregnant	O
women	O
with	O
suspected	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
.	O

The	O
key	O
parameters	O
for	O
this	O
assay	O
were	O
optimized	O
,	O
including	O
cell	B-COMP
types	O
,	O
cell	B-COMP
numbers	O
,	O
virus	B-SPEC
inoculum	O
.	O

We	O
must	O
minimize	O
face	B-DISO
-	O
to	O
-	O
face	B-DISO
contact	O
with	O
vulnerable	O
populations	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Implement	O
technology	O
now	O
:	O
Minimize	O
face	B-DISO
-	O
to	O
-	O
face	B-DISO
contact	O
with	O
participants	O
by	O
utilizing	O
digital	B-ANAT
tools	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
shifting	O
to	O
electronic	O
informed	O
consent	O
and	O
digital	B-ANAT
HIPAA	O
-	O
compliant	O
tools	O
like	O
emailed	O
surveys	O
or	O
telehealth	O
assessments	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
analyze	O
the	O
CT	O
findings	O
of	O
patients	O
with	O
different	O
clinical	O
types	O
of	O
coronavirus	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
2019	I-DISO
(	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
).	O

CT	O
images	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
different	O
clinical	O
types	O
of	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
have	O
characteristic	O
manifestations	O
,	O
and	O
solid	O
shadow	O
may	O
predict	O
severe	O
and	O
critical	B-DISO
illness	I-DISO
.	O

Importance	O
should	O
be	O
attached	O
to	O
the	O
preoperative	O
evaluation	O
of	O
pregnant	O
women	O
with	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
and	O
the	O
implementation	O
of	O
anesthesia	B-DISO
plan	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
government	O
initially	O
assumed	O
that	O
the	O
infection	B-DISO
was	O
not	O
spreading	O
aboard	O
and	O
therefore	O
indicated	O
that	O
any	O
persons	O
who	O
either	O
tested	O
negative	O
for	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
or	O
were	O
asymptomatic	O
should	O
immediately	O
disembark	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
on	O
February	O
5	O
,	O
the	O
government	O
set	O
a	O
14	O
-	O
day	O
health	O
observation	O
period	O
because	O
of	O
the	O
severity	O
of	O
the	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Novel	B-SPEC
2019	I-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
SARS	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
CoV	I-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
2	I-SPEC
(	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
):	O
An	O
updated	O
overview	O
for	O
emergency	B-DISO
clinicians	O
ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
novel	O
coronavirus	O
,	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
,	O
has	O
quickly	O
become	O
a	O
worldwide	O
threat	O
to	O
health	O
,	O
travel	O
,	O
and	O
commerce	O
.	O

We	O
set	O
up	O
emergency	B-DISO
management	O
and	O
sensing	O
control	O
teams	O
.	O

The	O
team	O
formulated	O
various	O
measures	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
reconfiguration	O
of	O
the	O
radiology	O
department	O
,	O
personal	O
protection	O
and	O
staff	O
training	O
,	O
standardized	O
imaging	O
examination	O
procedures	O
for	O
fever	B-PROC
patients	O
and	O
common	O
patients	O
,	O
and	O
so	O
on	O
.	O

Professor	O
Taisheng	O
Li	B-SPEC
was	O
sent	O
to	O
Wuhan	O
to	O
provide	O
frontline	O
medical	O
care	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
The	O
different	O
clinical	O
characteristics	O
of	O
corona	B-CHED
virus	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
cases	O
between	O
children	O
and	O
their	O
families	O
in	O
China	O
-	O
the	O
character	O
of	O
children	O
with	O
COVID	O
-	O
19	O
.	O

The	O
main	O
manifestations	O
were	O
pulmonary	O
consolidation	O
(	O
70	O
%),	O
nodular	O
shadow	O
(	O
50	O
%),	O
and	O
ground	O
glass	O
opacity	B-DISO
(	O
50	O
%).	O

Five	O
discharged	O
children	O
were	O
admitted	O
again	O
because	O
their	O
stool	B-ANAT
showed	O
positive	O
result	O
in	O
SARS	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
CoV	I-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
2	I-SPEC
PCR	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
All	O
Feet	B-ANAT
On	O
Deck	O
-	O
The	O
Role	O
of	O
Podiatry	O
During	O
the	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
Pandemic	O
:	O
ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
pandemic	O
is	O
driving	O
significant	O
change	O
in	O
the	O
healthcare	O
system	O
and	O
disrupting	O
the	O
best	O
practices	O
for	O
diabetic	O
limb	O
preservation	O
,	O
leaving	O
large	O
numbers	O
of	O
patients	O
without	O
care	O
.	O

Podiatric	O
care	O
is	O
associated	O
with	O
fewer	O
diabetes	B-DISO
-	O
related	O
amputations	O
,	O
ER	O
visits	O
,	O
hospitalizations	O
,	O
length	O
-	O
of	O
-	O
stay	O
,	O
and	O
costs	O
.	O

Because	O
the	O
ACE2	B-PRGE
(	O
angiotensin	B-CHED
-	O
converting	O
enzyme	O
2	O
)	O
protein	B-CHED
is	O
the	O
receptor	O
that	O
facilitates	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
entry	O
into	O
cells	B-COMP
,	O
the	O
notion	O
has	O
been	O
popularized	O
that	O
treatment	O
with	O
renin	B-PATH
-	I-PATH
angiotensin	B-CHED
system	I-PATH
blockers	O
might	O
increase	O
the	O
risk	O
of	O
developing	O
a	O
severe	O
and	O
fatal	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
-	O
2	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

Although	O
angiotensin	B-PRGE
II	I-PRGE
type	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
receptor	I-PRGE
blockers	O
have	O
been	O
shown	O
to	O
upregulate	O
ACE2	B-PRGE
in	O
experimental	O
animals	B-SPEC
,	O
the	O
evidence	O
is	O
not	O
always	O
consistent	O
and	O
differs	O
among	O
the	O
diverse	O
angiotensin	B-PRGE
II	I-PRGE
type	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
receptor	I-PRGE
blockers	O
and	O
differing	O
organs	B-ANAT
.	O

Moreover	O
,	O
there	O
are	O
no	O
data	O
to	O
support	O
the	O
notion	O
that	O
ACE	B-CHED
inhibitor	I-CHED
or	O
angiotensin	B-PRGE
II	I-PRGE
type	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
receptor	I-PRGE
blocker	O
administration	O
facilitates	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
entry	O
by	O
increasing	O
ACE2	B-PRGE
expression	B-PROC
in	O
either	O
animals	B-SPEC
or	O
humans	B-SPEC
.	O

In	O
summary	O
,	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
currently	O
available	O
evidence	O
,	O
treatment	O
with	O
renin	B-PATH
-	I-PATH
angiotensin	B-CHED
system	I-PATH
blockers	O
should	O
not	O
be	O
discontinued	O
because	O
of	O
concerns	O
with	O
coronavirus	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
.	O

Seven	O
clusters	B-CHED
for	O
human	B-SPEC
coronaviruses	O
(	O
229E	O
,	O
NL63	O
,	O
OC43	O
,	O
HKU1	O
,	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
,	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
,	O
and	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
)	O
were	O
found	O
.	O

The	O
study	O
may	O
be	O
beneficial	O
for	O
the	O
surveillance	O
of	O
the	O
genome	B-PROC
mutation	I-PROC
of	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
in	O
the	O
field	O
.	O

Neutralising	O
antibody	B-PROC
response	I-PROC
appeared	O
within	O
9	O
days	O
along	O
with	O
specific	O
IgM	B-PRGE
and	O
IgG	B-PRGE
response	O
,	O
targeting	B-PROC
particularly	O
nucleocapsid	B-COMP
and	O
spike	O
proteins	B-CHED
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Data	O
concerning	O
the	O
transmission	O
of	O
the	O
novel	O
severe	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
)	O
in	O
paucisymptomatic	O
patients	O
are	O
lacking	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
This	O
paper	O
concerns	O
study	O
of	O
the	O
genome	O
of	O
the	O
Wuhan	O
Seafood	O
Market	O
isolate	O
believed	O
to	O
represent	O
the	O
causative	O
agent	O
of	O
the	O
disease	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
The	O
Rheumatologist	O
'	O
s	O
Role	O
in	O
Covid	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
2019	O
novel	O
coronavirus	O
(	O
2019	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
nCoV	I-SPEC
)	O
has	O
caused	O
the	O
outbreak	O
of	O
the	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
in	O
Wuhan	O
,	O
Hubei	O
Province	O
of	O
China	O
since	O
December	O
2019	O
.	O

Our	O
study	O
enrolled	O
109	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
patients	O
who	O
died	B-PROC
during	O
hospitalization	O
and	O
116	O
recovered	O
patients	O
.	O

Patients	O
in	O
the	O
death	B-PROC
group	O
exhibited	O
significantly	O
lower	O
lymphocyte	B-ANAT
count	O
(	O
0	O
.	O
63	O
[	O
0	O
.	O
40	O
,	O
0	O
.	O
79	O
]	O
×	O
10	O
/	O
L	O
vs	O
.	O
1	O
.	O
00	O
[	O
0	O
.	O
72	O
,	O
1	O
.	O
27	O
]	O
×	O
10	O
/	O
L	O
,	O
Z	O
=	O
8	O
.	O
037	O
,	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
001	O
)	O
and	O
lymphocyte	B-ANAT
/	O
WBC	B-ANAT
ratio	O
(	O
7	O
.	O
10	O
[	O
4	O
.	O
45	O
,	O
12	O
.	O
73	O
]%	O
vs	O
.	O
23	O
.	O
5	O
[	O
15	O
.	O
27	O
,	O
31	O
.	O
25	O
]%,	O
Z	O
=	O
10	O
.	O
315	O
,	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
001	O
)	O
on	O
admission	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
lymphocyte	B-ANAT
/	O
WBC	B-ANAT
ratio	O
continue	O
to	O
decrease	O
during	O
hospitalization	O
(	O
7	O
.	O
10	O
[	O
4	O
.	O
45	O
,	O
12	O
.	O
73	O
]%	O
vs	O
.	O
2	O
.	O
91	O
[	O
1	O
.	O
79	O
,	O
6	O
.	O
13	O
]%,	O
Z	O
=	O
5	O
.	O
242	O
,	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
001	O
).	O

Alanine	B-PRGE
transaminase	I-PRGE
(	O
ALT	B-FUNC
)	O
(	O
22	O
.	O
00	O
[	O
15	O
.	O
00	O
,	O
34	O
.	O
00	O
]	O
U	O
/	O
L	O
vs	O
.	O
18	O
.	O
70	O
[	O
13	O
.	O
00	O
,	O
30	O
.	O
38	O
]	O
U	O
/	O
L	O
,	O
Z	O
=	O
2	O
.	O
592	O
,	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
010	O
),	O
aspartate	B-PRGE
transaminase	I-PRGE
(	O
AST	B-PRGE
)	O
(	O
34	O
.	O
00	O
[	O
27	O
.	O
00	O
,	O
47	O
.	O
00	O
]	O
U	O
/	O
L	O
vs	O
.	O
22	O
.	O
00	O
[	O
17	O
.	O
65	O
,	O
31	O
.	O
75	O
]	O
U	O
/	O
L	O
,	O
Z	O
=	O
7	O
.	O
308	O
,	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
001	O
),	O
and	O
creatinine	B-CHED
levels	O
(	O
89	O
.	O
00	O
[	O
72	O
.	O
00	O
,	O
133	O
.	O
50	O
]	O
μmol	O
/	O
L	O
vs	O
.	O
65	O
.	O
00	O
[	O
54	O
.	O
60	O
,	O
78	O
.	O
75	O
]	O
μmol	O
/	O
L	O
,	O
Z	O
=	O
6	O
.	O
478	O
,	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
001	O
)	O
were	O
significantly	O
higher	O
in	O
the	O
death	B-PROC
group	O
that	O
those	O
in	O
the	O
recovered	O
group	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Epidemiological	O
data	O
from	O
the	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
outbreak	O
,	O
real	O
-	O
time	O
case	O
information	O
.	O

To	O
aid	O
the	O
analysis	O
and	O
tracking	O
of	O
the	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
epidemic	O
we	O
collected	O
and	O
curated	O
individual	O
-	O
level	O
data	O
from	O
national	O
,	O
provincial	O
,	O
and	O
municipal	O
health	O
reports	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
additional	O
information	O
from	O
online	O
reports	O
.	O

Here	O
,	O
we	O
report	O
a	O
case	O
of	O
invasive	B-DISO
aspergillosis	I-DISO
complicated	O
by	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
embolism	I-DISO
after	O
non	O
-	O
fatal	O
drowning	O
that	O
proved	O
fatal	O
.	O

A	O
75	O
-	O
year	O
-	O
old	O
Japanese	O
man	B-CHED
accidentally	O
fell	O
into	O
a	O
creek	O
and	O
was	O
brought	O
to	O
a	O
local	O
hospital	O
.	O

An	O
embolus	O
was	O
also	O
detected	O
in	O
the	O
right	B-ANAT
pulmonary	I-ANAT
artery	I-ANAT
.	O

Microscopic	O
analysis	O
revealed	O
diffuse	O
filamentous	O
fungi	B-SPEC
throughout	O
the	O
lungs	B-ANAT
,	O
heart	B-ANAT
,	O
stomach	B-ANAT
,	O
thyroid	B-ANAT
gland	I-ANAT
,	O
and	O
the	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
embolus	I-DISO
,	O
which	O
were	O
identified	O
as	O
Invasive	B-DISO
aspergillosis	I-DISO
should	O
also	O
be	O
considered	O
in	O
immunocompetent	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
after	O
non	O
-	O
fatal	O
drowning	O
who	O
do	O
not	O
respond	O
to	O
broad	O
-	O
spectrum	O
antibiotics	B-CHED
.	O

Angioinvasive	O
aspergillosis	B-DISO
can	O
even	O
result	O
in	O
fatal	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
embolism	I-DISO
;	O
hence	O
,	O
early	O
targeted	B-PROC
testing	O
for	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Unrevealing	O
sequence	O
and	O
structural	O
features	O
of	O
novel	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
using	O
ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Direct	O
-	O
acting	O
antivirals	O
are	O
effective	O
tools	O
to	O
control	O
viral	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
.	O

This	O
study	O
investigates	O
the	O
transport	B-PROC
mechanism	O
and	O
deposition	O
patterns	O
of	O
Middle	O
East	O
Respiratory	O
Syndrome	B-DISO
Coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
within	O
a	O
typical	O
six	O
bedded	O
general	O
inpatient	O
ward	O
cubicle	O
through	O
numerical	O
simulation	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Risk	O
factors	O
for	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
in	O
severe	O
burns	O
:	O
prospective	O
cohort	O
study	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Age	O
and	O
inhalation	O
injury	O
are	O
important	O
risk	O
factors	O
for	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
in	O
the	O
burned	O
patient	O
;	O
however	O
,	O
the	O
impact	O
of	O
interventions	O
such	O
as	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
,	O
fluid	B-PROC
balance	I-PROC
(	O
FB	O
),	O
and	O
packed	O
red	B-ANAT
blood	I-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
transfusion	O
remains	O
unclear	O
.	O

The	O
outcomes	O
of	O
interest	O
were	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
up	O
to	O
seven	O
days	O
after	O
admission	O
and	O
death	B-PROC
within	O
28	O
days	O
.	O

Universal	O
adoption	O
of	O
best	O
practices	O
for	O
infection	B-DISO
control	O
is	O
the	O
surest	O
way	O
for	O
governments	O
to	O
prepare	O
for	O
mass	O
gatherings	O
.	O

This	O
retrospective	O
case	O
-	O
control	O
study	O
involves	O
subjects	O
(	O
7	O
to	O
98	O
years	O
)	O
presenting	O
at	O
the	O
designated	O
national	O
outbreak	O
screening	O
centre	O
and	O
tertiary	O
care	O
hospital	O
in	O
Singapore	O
for	O
SARS	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
CoV	I-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
2	I-SPEC
testing	O
from	O
January	O
26	O
to	O
February	O
16	O
,	O
2020	O
.	O

Outbreak	O
restrictions	O
can	O
impact	O
on	O
the	O
IBD	B-DISO
care	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
information	O
on	O
cardiac	B-ANAT
injury	O
in	O
patients	O
affected	O
by	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
is	O
limited	O
.	O

All	O
consecutive	O
inpatients	O
with	O
laboratory	O
-	O
confirmed	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
were	O
included	O
in	O
this	O
study	O
.	O

A	O
total	O
of	O
416	O
hospitalized	O
patients	O
with	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
were	O
included	O
in	O
the	O
final	O
analysis	O
;	O
the	O
median	O
age	O
was	O
64	O
years	O
(	O
range	O
,	O
21	O
-	O
95	O
years	O
),	O
and	O
211	O
(	O
50	O
.	O
7	O
%)	O
were	O
female	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Total	O
788	O
patients	O
with	O
confirmed	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
were	O
selected	O
,	O
where	O
136	O
were	O
older	O
patients	O
with	O
corresponding	O
age	O
of	O
68	O
.	O
28y	O
±	O
7	O
.	O
314y	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Microcirculatory	O
dysfunction	O
and	O
dead	B-PROC
-	O
space	O
ventilation	O
in	O
early	O
ARDS	B-DISO
:	O
a	O
hypothesis	O
-	O
generating	O
observational	O
study	O
.	O

We	O
retrospectively	O
reviewed	O
the	O
initial	O
chest	B-ANAT
CT	O
data	O
of	O
62	O
confirmed	O
coronavirus	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
2019	I-DISO
patients	O
(	O
34	O
men	O
,	O
28	O
women	O
;	O
age	O
range	O
20	O
-	O
91	O
years	O
old	O
)	O
who	O
did	O
not	O
receive	O
any	O
antiviral	B-CHED
treatment	O
between	O
January	O
21	O
and	O
February	O
4	O
,	O
2020	O
,	O
in	O
Chongqing	O
,	O
China	O
.	O

Significantly	O
increased	O
CT	O
score	O
may	O
indicate	O
the	O
aggravation	O
of	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
in	O
the	O
progressive	O
stage	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
Covid	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
)	O
outbreak	O
on	O
the	O
cruise	O
ship	O
Diamond	B-CHED
Princess	O
.	O

Because	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
is	O
new	O
,	O
and	O
no	O
vaccine	O
is	O
yet	O
available	O
,	O
everyone	O
is	O
naïve	O
and	O
susceptible	O
to	O
being	O
infected	O
with	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV2	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Optimizing	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
candidate	O
therapeutics	O
:	O
Thinking	O
Without	O
Borders	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Coronavirus	B-SPEC
Disease	I-DISO
2019	I-DISO
in	O
Geriatrics	O
and	O
Long	O
-	O
term	O
Care	O
:	O
The	O
ABCDs	B-DISO
of	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Chloroquine	O
is	O
a	O
long	O
-	O
established	O
prescription	O
drug	O
that	O
is	O
often	O
used	O
clinically	O
to	O
treat	O
malaria	B-PATH
and	O
connective	B-DISO
tissue	I-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
.	O